diff --git a/1ch/01/01.md b/1ch/01/01.md index 1f72556977..cb2b3257d6 100644 --- a/1ch/01/01.md +++ b/1ch/01/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Enosh ... Kenan ... Mahalalel ... Jared ... Enoch ... Methuselah ... Lamech +These are all names of men. Each man was the father or ancestor of the next man in the list. If your language has a specific way to mark this kind of list, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Lamech. The sons of Noah -* **Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared ... Methuselah** - These names are a list of ancestors. If your language has a specific way to mark this kind of list, you can use it here. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +If your readers will need to see that Noah was the son of Lamech and your language has a way to mark it, you should use it here. + +# The sons of Noah were Shem, Ham, and Japheth + +Some versions, including the ULB and UDB, include "The sons of" in order to make it clear that Shem, Ham, and Japheth were brothers to each other and sons of Noah. Otherwise, the reader would assume that each person represented one generation farther away from Noah, their ancestor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/05.md b/1ch/01/05.md index 82fd92b667..da5666665b 100644 --- a/1ch/01/05.md +++ b/1ch/01/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Gomer ... Magog ... Madai ... Javan ... Tubal ... Meshek ... Tiras ... Ashkenaz ... Riphath ... Togarmah ... Elishah ... Tarshish -* [[en:tw:meshech]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:tubal]] +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Kittites ... Rodanites -* **Gomer ... Dodanim** - Translate these names of people the way you would translate names in your language. These are all names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Dodanim** - This name is sometimes spelled "Rodanim" as in the UDB. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_textvariants]]) +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rodanites + +This name is sometimes spelled "Dodanites." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/08.md b/1ch/01/08.md index df87561d03..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/08.md +++ b/1ch/01/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:sheba]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Mizraim ... Nimrod** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/11.md b/1ch/01/11.md index 4116446be4..c52a2c7bdd 100644 --- a/1ch/01/11.md +++ b/1ch/01/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Ludites ... Anamites ... Lehabites ... Naphtuhites ... Pathrusites ... Kasluhites ... Philistines ... Caphtorites +names of people groups (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# from whom the Philistines came -* **from whom the Philistines came** - AT: "the ancestors of the Philistines," +"the ancestors of the Philistines," \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/13.md b/1ch/01/13.md index 0461b50555..0760eaef75 100644 --- a/1ch/01/13.md +++ b/1ch/01/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Sidon -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:girgashites]] +name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hittites ... Jebusites ... Amorites ... Girgashites ... Hivites ... Arkites ... Sinites ... Arvadites ... Zemarites ... Hamathites -* **Heth** - This is the name of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Arkites ... Hamathites** - These are names of people groups. +names of people groups (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/17.md b/1ch/01/17.md index 2210f47e1b..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/17.md +++ b/1ch/01/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:elam]] -* [[en:tw:meshech]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Arpachshad ... Joktan** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/20.md b/1ch/01/20.md index 88e8ced8bc..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/20.md +++ b/1ch/01/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sheba]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Joktan ... Jobab** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/24.md b/1ch/01/24.md index 5f09ed4f70..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/24.md +++ b/1ch/01/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:nahor]] -* [[en:tw:terah]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Shem ... Serug** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/28.md b/1ch/01/28.md index 5d31870e3c..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/28.md +++ b/1ch/01/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Nebaioth ... Kedemah** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/32.md b/1ch/01/32.md index 2ecda79eb2..c05a27fd68 100644 --- a/1ch/01/32.md +++ b/1ch/01/32.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* **Keturah ... Eldaah** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here except for Keturah are names of men. Keturah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/34.md b/1ch/01/34.md index 3824dd2c85..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/34.md +++ b/1ch/01/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:jethro]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Eliphaz ... Mizzah** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/38.md b/1ch/01/38.md index c752913b1e..790192fee0 100644 --- a/1ch/01/38.md +++ b/1ch/01/38.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:edom]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Lotan ... Anah** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here are names of men, execpt for Timna. Timna is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/41.md b/1ch/01/41.md index 8fe7e33fd1..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/41.md +++ b/1ch/01/41.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* **Anah ... Aran** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/43.md b/1ch/01/43.md index 81797605d5..cbae38b448 100644 --- a/1ch/01/43.md +++ b/1ch/01/43.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Bela ... Beor ... Jobab ... Zerah ... Husham -* [[en:tw:reign]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Dinhabah ... Bozrah -* **Bela ... Beor ... Jobab ... Zerah ... Husham** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Dinhabah ... Bozrah** - These are the names of places. -* **Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place** - AT: "Husham, from the land where Teman's descendants lived, reigned after him." -* **Temanites** - This is the name of a people group. +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place + +"Husham, from the land where Teman's descendants lived, reigned after him." + +# Temanites + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/46.md b/1ch/01/46.md index efd7707813..8b8cf583d3 100644 --- a/1ch/01/46.md +++ b/1ch/01/46.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Husham ... Hadad ... Bedad ... Samlah ... Shaul -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Avith ... Masrekah ... Rehoboth -* **Husham ... Hadad ... Bedad ... Samlah ... Shaul** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Avith ... Masrekah ... Rehoboth** - These are the names of places. -* **by the river** - "by the Euphrates river" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/49.md b/1ch/01/49.md index 33cf12625f..128a000700 100644 --- a/1ch/01/49.md +++ b/1ch/01/49.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Shaul ... Baal-Hanan ... Akbor ... Hadad ... Matred ... Me-Zahab +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Pau -* **Shaul ... Baal Hanan ... Achbor ... Hadar ... Mehetabel ... Matred ... Me Zahab** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Pai** - This is the name of a place. -* **the granddaughter of Me Zahab** - AT: "who was the daughter of Me Zahab." +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mehetabel + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/51.md b/1ch/01/51.md index 5b34f2de33..d0de8a91a3 100644 --- a/1ch/01/51.md +++ b/1ch/01/51.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:head]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Timna ... Iram** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here except Edom are names of men. Edom is a place name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/intro.md b/1ch/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44ac7ba14c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives the genealogies of Abraham, Esau and the early kings of Edom. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Chronicles intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/01.md b/1ch/02/01.md index 07a8abfe8f..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/02/01.md +++ b/1ch/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Reuben ... Asher** - These are all names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/03.md b/1ch/02/03.md index 7402cabed6..06c760d0a1 100644 --- a/1ch/02/03.md +++ b/1ch/02/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:tamar]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This list includes the names of both men and women names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Er, Onan, and Shelah ... Shua ... Perez ... Zerah -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **bore him Perez and Zerah** - AT: "gave birth to Perez and Zerah" -* **five sons** - AT: "5 sons" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "according to Yahweh" -* **Yahweh killed him** - This means that Yahweh allowed Er to be killed. -* **daughter-in-law** - in-law** - This is a reference to the wife of his son. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who were born to him by Shua's daughter + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "his sons whom Shua bore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# bore him Perez and Zerah + +"gave birth to his sons Perez and Zerah" + +# in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. AT: "as Yahweh judged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh killed him + +The reader should understand that Yahweh probably had a person kill Er. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Tamar + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# daughter-in-law + +This is a reference to the wife of his son. + +# five sons + +"5 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/05.md b/1ch/02/05.md index b6a37fac1d..dfda12c887 100644 --- a/1ch/02/05.md +++ b/1ch/02/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# what was reserved for God -* (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +what God had said he wanted the people to destroy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/09.md b/1ch/02/09.md index 1491a3f782..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/02/09.md +++ b/1ch/02/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/13.md b/1ch/02/13.md index 5bd357fe43..6a85484dbd 100644 --- a/1ch/02/13.md +++ b/1ch/02/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the second ... the third ... the fourth ... the fifth ... the sixth ... the seventh -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **the second...the the third** - AT: "the second child...the third child" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The word "son" is understood. Also, the numbers are in ordinal form. AT: "the second son ... the third son ... the fourth son ... the fifth son ... the sixth son ... the seventh son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/16.md b/1ch/02/16.md index 81ee46659f..772635beec 100644 --- a/1ch/02/16.md +++ b/1ch/02/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] +All names here except Zeruiah and Abigail are the names of men. Zeruiah and Abigail are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jether the Ishmaelite -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jether the Ishmaelite** - This means that Jether was a descendant of Ishmael. +"Jether, a descendant of Ishmael" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/18.md b/1ch/02/18.md index 3f90b3c0e5..8d5d4d2b1c 100644 --- a/1ch/02/18.md +++ b/1ch/02/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Caleb ... Hezron ... Jesher ... Shobab ... Ardon ... Hur ... Uri ... Bezalel -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Azubah ... Jerioth ... Ephrath -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **bore him** - AT: "gave birth to" +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/21.md b/1ch/02/21.md index 8b3d945aff..a7225f0ee7 100644 --- a/1ch/02/21.md +++ b/1ch/02/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gilead]] +All names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# bore him -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **bore him** - "gave birth to" +"gave birth to" + +# land of Gilead + +People gave the land the name of the man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/23.md b/1ch/02/23.md index 5f8d1b50c5..3d4d21de75 100644 --- a/1ch/02/23.md +++ b/1ch/02/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Geshur ... Aram -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +These are names of people groups named after ancestors. Translate "Aram" as in [1 Chronicles 1:17](../01/17.md). -## translationNotes +# Havvoth Jair and Kenath -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **Ephrathah** - This is the name of a woman. -* **bore him** - "gave birth to" +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Makir ... Gilead ... Hezron ... Caleb ... Ashhur ... Tekoa + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ephrathah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# bore him + +"gave birth to his son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/25.md b/1ch/02/25.md index 6cf1a64278..db14382737 100644 --- a/1ch/02/25.md +++ b/1ch/02/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Atarah** - This is the name of a woman. +All of the names in this list except Atarah are the names of men. Atarah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/29.md b/1ch/02/29.md index 331f7d1535..37b2962c85 100644 --- a/1ch/02/29.md +++ b/1ch/02/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here except Abishur are the names of men. Abishur is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/34.md b/1ch/02/34.md index 9ede39341e..a108c835cf 100644 --- a/1ch/02/34.md +++ b/1ch/02/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# bore him -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **bore him** - "gave birth to" +"gave birth to his son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/36.md b/1ch/02/36.md index 2d916dad5a..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/02/36.md +++ b/1ch/02/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/39.md b/1ch/02/39.md index 0cef21eeb2..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/02/39.md +++ b/1ch/02/39.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/42.md b/1ch/02/42.md index 9e97d26e4e..fadc700458 100644 --- a/1ch/02/42.md +++ b/1ch/02/42.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the father of Hebron ... the father of Raham, the father of Jorkeam ... the father of Shammai -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +Some versions read, "the founder of the clan of Hebron ... the founder of the clan of Raham, the founder of the clan of Jorkeam ... the founder of the clan of Shammai." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/45.md b/1ch/02/45.md index e5d8d6029d..292ff9da9a 100644 --- a/1ch/02/45.md +++ b/1ch/02/45.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here except Ephah are the names of men. Ephah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/48.md b/1ch/02/48.md index cacdfeb00f..4256f61214 100644 --- a/1ch/02/48.md +++ b/1ch/02/48.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +All of the names here except Maakah and Aksah are the names of men. Maakah and Aksah are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# bore -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **bore** - "gave birth to" +"gave birth to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/50.md b/1ch/02/50.md index 7c1fc0dd78..d8fa455cc6 100644 --- a/1ch/02/50.md +++ b/1ch/02/50.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Hur ... Shobal ... Salma ... Hareph -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] +These are all the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Ephrathah -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# father of Kiriath Jearim ... father of Bethlehem ... father of Beth Gader + +These are all the names of towns. The towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. AT: "founder of Kiriath Jearim ... founder of Bethlehem ... founder of Beth Gader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/52.md b/1ch/02/52.md index 38798ac63d..ccf6ed987e 100644 --- a/1ch/02/52.md +++ b/1ch/02/52.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Shobal the father of Kiriath Jearim -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Menuthite, Ithrites, Puthites, Shumathites, Mishraites, Zorathites, Eshtaolites** - These are the names of clans. +Shobal is the name of a man, and Kiriath Jearim is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 2:50](./50.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Manahathites ... Ithrites, Puthites, Shumathites ... Mishraites ... Zorathites ... Eshtaolites + +These are the names of clans. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/54.md b/1ch/02/54.md index a8a1b843c2..c920534e81 100644 --- a/1ch/02/54.md +++ b/1ch/02/54.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Salma ... Hammath -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +names of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Bethlehem ... Atroth Beth Joab ... Jabez -* **Bethlehem, Netophatities, Atroth Beth Joab, Manahatites, Zorites, Jabez, Tirathites, Shimeathites, Sucathites, Kenites, Rechabites ** - These are the names of clans. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +names of towns (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Netophathites, Atroth Beth Joab ... Manahathites ... Zorites ... Tirathites, Shimeathites, and Sucathites ... Kenites ... Rekabites + +These are the names of clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/intro.md b/1ch/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb9ace789a --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the descendants of Judah, son of Jacob. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/01.md b/1ch/03/01.md index 59e7770ebd..b7182c65da 100644 --- a/1ch/03/01.md +++ b/1ch/03/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# David -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:adonijah]] -* [[en:tw:amnon]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +David was a son of Jesse, who was a descendant of Judah. (See: [1 Chronicles 2:15](../02/13.md)) -## translationNotes +# Ahinoam ... Abigail ... Maakah ... Haggith ... Abital ... Eglah -* **David** - David was a son of Jesse, who was a descendant of Judah. (See: [[en:bible:notes:1ch:02:13]]) -* **Ahinoam...Abigail...Maacah...Haggith...Abital...Eglah** - These are the names of women. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Talmai...Shephatiah...Ithream** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Daniel** - This man has the same name as an Israelite prophet but is a different person. -* **Eglah, his wife** - "Eglah, David's wife." David had more than one wife. AT: "David's wife Eglah" +These are the names of women, all of whom were David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Talmai ... Shephatiah ... Ithream + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Daniel + +This man has the same name as an Israelite prophet but is a different person. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/04.md b/1ch/03/04.md index 31ff205fd4..4ec02686db 100644 --- a/1ch/03/04.md +++ b/1ch/03/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# where he reigned seven years and six months -* [[en:tw:bathsheba]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +This can also be translated as a separate sentence: "David reigned there seven years and six months." -## translationNotes +# thirty-three years -* **where he reigned seven years and six months** - This can also be translated as a separate sentence: "David reigned there seven years and six months." -* **thirty-three years** - three years** - "33 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Ammiel...Shimmua...Shobab...Nathan** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"33 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ammiel ... Shammua ... Shobab ... Nathan + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/06.md b/1ch/03/06.md index 9a0e692f4b..c79e5f7f6d 100644 --- a/1ch/03/06.md +++ b/1ch/03/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:tamar]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Ibhar...Elishama...Eliphelet...Nogah...Nepheg...Japhia...Eliada** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Elishama...Eliphelet** - These names are both used for two sons. +All of the names in this list except Tamar are the names of men. Tamar is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/10.md b/1ch/03/10.md index f0faae0f0e..89aa19fd1e 100644 --- a/1ch/03/10.md +++ b/1ch/03/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This is the beginning of the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Solomon's son was Rehoboam. Rehoboam's son was Abijah -* This is the beginning of the list of David's descendants who became king. -* **Solomon’s son was Rehoboam. Rehoboam's son was Abijah** - Solomon had more than one son. The same is true of other men in the list. AT: "Solomon was the father of Rehoboam. Rehoboam was the father of Abijah" +Solomon had more than one son. The same is true of other men in the list. AT: "Solomon was the father of Rehoboam. Rehoboam was the father of Abijah" + +# Azariah + +This was another name for Uzziah, the better-known name for this king. Translators may decide to use "Uzziah" everywhere for this king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/13.md b/1ch/03/13.md index 54ce8ccd0e..c614907355 100644 --- a/1ch/03/13.md +++ b/1ch/03/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:ahaz|Ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah|Hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. Form these sentences as you did starting in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:03:10]]. -* **Amon** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/15.md b/1ch/03/15.md index 64b75d0dca..c614907355 100644 --- a/1ch/03/15.md +++ b/1ch/03/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. Form these sentences as you did starting in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:03:10]]. -* **Johanan...Shallum...Jeconiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/17.md b/1ch/03/17.md index d8792cdf9b..cdd03b5bc7 100644 --- a/1ch/03/17.md +++ b/1ch/03/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] +All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jehoiachin -* **Jehoiachin** - Some versions have "Jeconiah," which is a variation of "Jehoiachin." -* **the captive** - This title was given to Jehoiachin because he was taken into captivity. -* **Jehoiachin... Shealtiel, Malkirman, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Some versions have "Jeconiah," which is a variation of "Jehoiachin." + +# the captive + +This may be a title that was given to Jehoiachin because he was taken into captivity. However, some versions regard the word as "Assir," the name of one of his sons. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/19.md b/1ch/03/19.md index 55e2880e09..3aadc367e0 100644 --- a/1ch/03/19.md +++ b/1ch/03/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:zerubbabel]] +All of the names in this list except Shelomith are the names of men. Shelomith is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Obadiah -* **Pedaiah...Shimei...Meshullam...Hananiah...Hashubah...Ohel...Berechiah...Hasadiah...Jushab Hesed...Pelatiah...Jeshaiah...Rephaiah...Arnan...Shecaniah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shelomith** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Obadiah** - This man has the same name as the prophet Obadiah but is a different person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **further descendants were Arnan, Obadiah, and Shecaniah** - Different versions put these people into different relationships with each other, because the Hebrew is not very clear about them. +This man has the same name as the prophet Obadiah but is a different person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# further descendants were Arnan, Obadiah, and Shekaniah + +Different versions put these people into different relationships with each other because the Hebrew is not very clear about them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/22.md b/1ch/03/22.md index a12eb643e5..6f354fec94 100644 --- a/1ch/03/22.md +++ b/1ch/03/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* **Shemaiah...Hattush...Igal...Bariah...Neariah...Shaphat...Elioenai...Hizkiah...Azrikam...Hodaviah...Eliashib...Pelaiah...Akkub...Johanan... Delaiah...Anani** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/intro.md b/1ch/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53813206cd --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the descendants of King David. + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 3:1-3, 6-8, 10-24 because they are long lists. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/01.md b/1ch/04/01.md index e1d408a058..8cd4a96ba5 100644 --- a/1ch/04/01.md +++ b/1ch/04/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Perez...Hezron...Carmi...Hur...Shobal...Reaiah...Jahath...Ahumai...Lahad ** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **originators** - people who have helped something to begin -* **Zorathites** - This people group was named after the town of Zorah where they lived. +All of the names in this list except the Zorathites are the names of men. Zorathites is the name of a people group who took their name from the town of Zorah where they lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/03.md b/1ch/04/03.md index 75510fef94..1df320a36b 100644 --- a/1ch/04/03.md +++ b/1ch/04/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Etam ... Gedor ... Hushah -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jezreel ... Ishma ... Idbash ... Peniel ... Ezer ... Hur ... Ephrathah -* **Etam...Gedor...Hushah** - These are names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ishma...Idbash...Penuel...Ezer...Ephrathah** - These are the names of men. -* **Hazzelelponi** - This is the name of a woman. -* **These were descendants of Hur** - "Penuel and Ezer were descendants of Hur" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hazzelelponi + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These were descendants of Hur + +"Peniel and Ezer were descendants of Hur." This points forward to the list that will follow. + +# Ephrathah + +This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 2:50](../02/50.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/05.md b/1ch/04/05.md index 596f71ddb2..bb289fcc2b 100644 --- a/1ch/04/05.md +++ b/1ch/04/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Ashhur ... Tekoa +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 2:24](../02/23.md). -## translationNotes +# Ahuzzam ... Hepher ... Zereth ... Zohar ... Ethnan ... Koz ... Anub ... Hazzobebah ... Aharhel ... Harum -* **Ashhur...Tekoa...Ahuzzam...Hepher...Temeni...Haahashtari... Zereth...Izhar...Ethnan...Koz...Anub...Zobebah...Aharhel...Harum** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Helah...Naarah** - These are the names of women. -* **bore him** - AT: "gave birth to his sons" -* **and the clans descended from Aharhel son of Harum** - A new sentence can start here. AT: "Koz also became the ancestor of Harhum and the clans that descended from Harhum's son Aharhel" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Temeni ... Haahashtari + +These are understood here as the names of men. However, some versions understand them as the names of clans that were begun by the sons of Ashhur. + +# Helah ... Naarah + +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# bore him + +"gave birth to his sons" + +# and of the clans descended from Aharhel son of Harum + +A new sentence can start here. "Koz also became the ancestor of Harum and the clans that descended from Harum's son Aharhel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/09.md b/1ch/04/09.md index e03addffc3..348c021c94 100644 --- a/1ch/04/09.md +++ b/1ch/04/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jabez -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# expand my territory -* **Jabez** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **extend my territory** - AT: "give me more land" -* **May your hand be with me** - Possible meanings are that God's hand represents 1) his guidance, 2) his power, or 3) his protection. AT: "Please guide me" or "Please make me prosper" or "Please protect me." It can also be translated more generally as "Please be with me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **granted him his prayer** - "did according to his prayer" +"give me more land" + +# your hand will be with me + +Possible meanings are that God's hand is 1) a metonym for his guidance, his power, or his protection. AT: "you will guide me" or "you will make me prosper" or "you will protect me" or 2) a synecdoche for himself. AT: "you will be with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# granted him his prayer + +The words "his prayer" are a metonym for what Jabez asked in the prayer. AT: "did what Jabez had asked him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/11.md b/1ch/04/11.md index 05f9a25ca3..e954c8abd5 100644 --- a/1ch/04/11.md +++ b/1ch/04/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Kelub ... Shuhah ... Mehir ... Eshton ... Beth Rapha ... Paseah ... Tehinnah +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Tehinnah, the father of Ir Nahash -* **Kelub...Shuhah...Mehir...Eshton...Beth Rapha...Paseah...Tehinnah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Tehinnah, who began the city of Nahash** - AT: "Tehinnah, the founder of the city of Nahash" -* **Nahash** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Recah** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +It apprears that Ir Nahash may have been a city. AT: "Tehinnah, the founder of the city of Nahash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nahash ... Rekah + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/13.md b/1ch/04/13.md index 661d8f39c2..160d00b676 100644 --- a/1ch/04/13.md +++ b/1ch/04/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:caleb|Caleb]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] +It may be helpful to create a verse bridge and to put verse 15 together with verse 13 since Kenaz was a descendant of Jephunneh and Caleb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# Kenaz ... Othniel ... Seraiah ... Hathath ... Meonothai ... Ophrah ... Joab ... Jephunneh ... Iru ... Elah ... Naam ... Jehallelel ... Ziph ... Ziphah ... Tiria ... Asarel -* **Kenaz...Othniel...Seraiah...Hathath...Meonothai...Ophrah...Joab...Jephunneh...Iru...Elah...Naam...Jehallelel...Ziph...Ziphah...Tiria...Asarel** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ge Harashim, whose people were craftsmen** - Ge Harashim means "Valley of Craftsmen." The meaning of the name can be translated (See UDB), or it can be made explicit with an explanation. AT: "Ge Harashim, which means "Craftsmen's Valley." It was called this because it's people were craftsmen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] -* **craftsman** - a person who is skilled at making or building things +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ge-Harashim, whose people were craftsmen + +Ge-Harashim means "Valley of Craftsmen." This can be made explicit with an explanation. AT: "Ge-Harashim, which means 'Craftsmen's Valley.' It was called this because its people were craftsmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# craftsmen + +people skilled at making or building things \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/17.md b/1ch/04/17.md index 929fb985da..550678404b 100644 --- a/1ch/04/17.md +++ b/1ch/04/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +The information in [1 Chronicles 4:17-18](./17.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# Ezrah ... Jether ... Mered ... Epher ... Jalon ... Miriam ... Shammai ... Ishbah ... Eshtemoa ... Jered ... Gedor ... Heber ... Soko ... Jekuthiel ... Zanoah -* ** Ezrah...Jether...Mered...Epher...Jalon...Miriam...Shammai...Ishbah...Eshtemoa...Jered...Gedor...Heber...Soco...Jekuthiel...Zanoah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **These were the sons of Bithiah** - The word "these" refers to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah. They were the sons Bithiah bore for her husband Mered. -* **Bithiah** - This is the name of a woman. -* **Mered's Jewish wife** - The Hebrew text says, "His Jewish wife," but most versions understand "his" to refer to Mered. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These were the sons of Bithiah + +The word "these" refers to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah. They were the sons Bithiah bore for her husband Mered. + +# Bithiah + +This is the name of a woman. + +# Mered's Judahite wife + +The Hebrew text says, "His Judahite wife," but most versions understand "his" to refer to Mered. This refers to a different wife of Mered, in addition to Bithiah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/19.md b/1ch/04/19.md index 1ae27f31f1..41c13e0de9 100644 --- a/1ch/04/19.md +++ b/1ch/04/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Hodiah ... Naham ... Keilah ... Eshtemoa ... Shimon ... Amnon ... Rinnah ... Ben-Hanan ... Tilon ... Ishi ... Zoheth ... Ben-Zoheth +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Garmite -* **Hodiah...Naham...Keilah...Eshtemoa...Shimon...Amnon...Rinnah...Ben Hanan...Tilon...Ishi...Zoheth...Ben Zoheth** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Garmite** - someone from the Gar people group (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Maacathite** - someone from the region of Maacah, which is also called Maacath (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +someone from the Gar people group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Maakathite + +someone from the region of Maacah, which is also called Maacath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/21.md b/1ch/04/21.md index 4e47ace3ce..d1eb046bd5 100644 --- a/1ch/04/21.md +++ b/1ch/04/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Shelah ... Er ... Laadah ... Jokim ... Joash ... Saraph -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# linen -* **Shelah…Er…Lecah…Laadah…Mareshah…Jokim…Joash…Saraph** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **originator** - a person who began something (in this case, a series of families) -* **linen** - a type of fabric -* **potters** - people who make containers out of clay -* **Beth Ashbea … Cozeba … Netaim … Gederah** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +a type of fabric + +# potters + +people who make containers out of clay + +# Lekah ... Mareshah ... Beth Ashbea ... Kozeba ... Jashubi Lehem ... Netaim ... Gederah + +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/24.md b/1ch/04/24.md index 467cde7c68..47c04eff0a 100644 --- a/1ch/04/24.md +++ b/1ch/04/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Nemuel ... Jamin ... Jarib ... Zerah ... Shaul ... Shallum ... Mibsam ... Mishma ... Hammuel ... Zakkur ... Shimei -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# grandson -* **Nemuel...Jamin...Jarib...Zerah...Shaul...Shallum...Mibsam...Mishma...Hammuel...Zaccur...Shimei** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and Mishma Mibsam's son** - The word "was" is understood from similar statements prior to this one. AT: "and Mishma was Mibsam's son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **grandson** - the son of a person's child. -* **great-grandson** - grandson** - the son of a person's grandson or granddaughter. +the son of a person's child + +# great-grandson + +the son of a person's grandson or granddaughter \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/27.md b/1ch/04/27.md index 436b4dbec5..f7a9ca4136 100644 --- a/1ch/04/27.md +++ b/1ch/04/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# sixteen sons and six daughters -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"16 sons and 6 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Moladah ... Hazar Shual -* **sixteen sons and six daughters** - "16 sons and 6 daughters" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Moladah...Hazar Shual** - These are the names of towns. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/29.md b/1ch/04/29.md index fd9263c90f..92262a040c 100644 --- a/1ch/04/29.md +++ b/1ch/04/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethuel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +The list of the cities where Simeon's descendants lived continues. -## translationNotes +# Bilhah ... Ezem ... Tolad ... Bethuel ... Hormah ... Ziklag ... Beth Markaboth ... Hazar Susim ... Beth Biri ... Shaaraim -* The list of the cities where Simeon's descendants lived continues. -* **Bilhah...Ezem..Tolad...Bethuel...Hormah...Ziklag...Beth Marcaboth...Hazar Susim...Beth Biri...Shaaraim** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/32.md b/1ch/04/32.md index bee260332b..afba5f799c 100644 --- a/1ch/04/32.md +++ b/1ch/04/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The list of places where Simeon's descendants lived continues. -## translationNotes +# Etam ... Ain ... Rimmon ... Token ... Ashan -* The list of places where Simeon's descendants lived continues. -* **Etam...Ain...Rimmon...Tochen...Ashan** - These are the names of villages. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **outlying** - far from a main population -* **Baal** - This is the name of a city. It is also called Baalath. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of villages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# outlying + +far from a main population + +# Baalath + +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/34.md b/1ch/04/34.md index d448c01fc4..094bb2ec56 100644 --- a/1ch/04/34.md +++ b/1ch/04/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Meshobab ... Jamlech ... Joshah ... Amaziah ... Joel ... Jehu ... Joshibiah ... Seraiah ... Asiel ... Elioenai ... Jaakobah ... Jeshohaiah ... Asaiah ... Adiel ... Jesimiel ... Benaiah ... Ziza ... Shiphi ... Allon ... Jedaiah ... Shimri ... Shemaiah -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# These mentioned by name were leaders -* **Meshobab...Jamlech...Joshah...Amaziah...Joel...Joshibiah...Seraiah...Asiel...Elioenai...Jaakobah...Jeshohaiah...Asaiah...Adiel...Jesimiel...Benaiah...Ziza...Shiphi...Allon...Jedaiah...Shimri...Shemaiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **These mentioned by name were leaders** - AT: "These men were leaders" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **their clans increased greatly** - AT: "the number of people in their clans increased greatly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"These men were leaders" + +# their clans increased greatly + +The clan is a metonym for the people in the clan. AT: "the number of people in their clans increased greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/39.md b/1ch/04/39.md index 03b18e0137..f2e1536e11 100644 --- a/1ch/04/39.md +++ b/1ch/04/39.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Gedor -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:ham]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# pasture -* **They went to just outside of Gedor** - AT: "They went near Gedor" -* **Gedor** - This is the name of a town. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **pasture** - an area of land where animals feed on the grass -* **abundant** - a large amount -* **Hamites** - descendants of Ham -* **Meunites** - This is the name of a people group. AT: "descendants of Meun" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +an area of land where animals feed on the grass + +# abundant and good pasture + +"pastures with much good food for their animals" + +# Hamites + +a people group, descendants of Ham + +# Meunites + +a people group. AT: "descendants of Meun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/42.md b/1ch/04/42.md index 361eb71de9..df967c38cf 100644 --- a/1ch/04/42.md +++ b/1ch/04/42.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# five hundred men -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +"500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Pelatiah ... Neariah ... Rephaiah ... Uzziel ... Ishi -* **Five hundred men** - "500 men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Pelatiah...Neariah...Rephaiah...Uzziel...Ishi** - These are names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the rest of the Amalekite refugees** - "the remaining Amalekite refugees" -* **refugees** - people who are forced to leave their home country -* **to this day** - AT: "from then until now" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the rest of the Amalekite refugees + +"the remaining Amalekite refugees" + +# refugees + +people who are forced to leave their home country + +# to this day + +"from then until now." This refers to the day when the author was writing this account. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/intro.md b/1ch/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2e60debc4b --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the other descendants of Judah. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/01.md b/1ch/05/01.md index 67569ee7a2..91268ae95e 100644 --- a/1ch/05/01.md +++ b/1ch/05/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# now Reuben -* [[en:tw:birthright]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +The word "now" is used here to mark the change from the lists of descendants to background information about Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# but his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph son of Israel -* **now Reuben** - The word "now" is used here to mark the change from the lists of descendants to background information about Reuben. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **but his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph son of Israel** - AT: "but Israel gave Reuben's birthright to the sons of Joseph, another of Israel's sons" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Reuben had defiled his father’s couch** - This is a polite way to speak about Reuben sleeping with father's secondary wife. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) The couch is the place where a man and his wife would have slept together. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **So he is not recorded as being the oldest** - AT: "So the family history does not list Reuben as the oldest son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Hanoch...Pallu...Hezron...Carmi** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but Israel gave Reuben's birthright to the sons of Joseph, another of Israel's sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Reuben had defiled his father's couch + +This is a polite way to speak about Reuben sleeping with his father's secondary wife. The couch is the place where a man and his wife would have slept together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So he is not recorded as being the oldest son + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the family history does not list Reuben as the oldest son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hanok ... Pallu ... Hezron ... Karmi + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/04.md b/1ch/05/04.md index b28a5bb010..d1bac3433a 100644 --- a/1ch/05/04.md +++ b/1ch/05/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Joel ... Shemaiah ... Gog ... Shimei ... Micah ... Reaiah ... Baal ... Beerah ... Tiglath-Pileser -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Joel...Shemaiah...Gog...Shimei...Micah...Reaiah...Baal...Beerah...Tilgath Pilneser...Beerah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Tilgath Pilneser** - This name is also written as Tiglath Pileser in other parts of the Bible. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/07.md b/1ch/05/07.md index dda8a67697..d20f1a20aa 100644 --- a/1ch/05/07.md +++ b/1ch/05/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# listed in their genealogical records -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] +This can start a new sentence: "Their genealogical records list them as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# genealogical records -* **listed in their genealogical records** - This can start a new sentence: "Their genealogical records list them as" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **genealogical record** - a record that shows how people in a family are related to each other -* **Jeiel...Zechariah...Bela...Azaz...Shema** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Aroer...Nebo...Baal Meon** - These are the names of cities. +records that show how people in a family are related to each other + +# Jeiel ... Zechariah ... Bela ... Azaz ... Shema + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Aroer ... Nebo ... Baal Meon + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/10.md b/1ch/05/10.md index 6001d0979c..79ed56fe49 100644 --- a/1ch/05/10.md +++ b/1ch/05/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the Hagrites -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +This is a name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# lived in the Hagrites' tents -* **the Hagrites** - This is a name of a people group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The tents are a synecdoche for the land and the buildings on the land. AT: "took over all the Hagrites' land and buildings" or "they lived in all the Hagrite territory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/11.md b/1ch/05/11.md index 3ab00e0c23..853235af40 100644 --- a/1ch/05/11.md +++ b/1ch/05/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Salekah -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:head]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Joel ... Shapham ... Janai ... Shaphat ... Michael ... Meshullam ... Sheba ... Jorai ... Jakan ... Zia ... Eber -* **Salecah** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Joel...Shapham...Janai...Shaphat...Michael...Meshullam...Sheba...Jorai...Jacan...Zia...Eber** - These are the names of men. +These are the names of men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/14.md b/1ch/05/14.md index a63ced6a82..295cc9d03a 100644 --- a/1ch/05/14.md +++ b/1ch/05/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Abihail ... Huri ... Jaroah ... Gilead ... Michael ... Jeshishai ... Jahdo ... Buz ... Ahi ... Abdiel ... Guni -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:father]] - -## translationNotes - -* **aforementioned** - mentioned before -* **Abihail...Huri...Jaroah...Gilead...Michael...Jeshishai...Jahdo...Buz...Ahi...Abdiel...Guni** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/16.md b/1ch/05/16.md index f3b5a847e4..8069194396 100644 --- a/1ch/05/16.md +++ b/1ch/05/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They lived -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:sharon]] +"The tribe of Gad lived" -## translationNotes +# pasturelands -* **They lived** - AT: "The tribe of Gad lived" -* **pasturelands** - areas of land where animals feed on grass -* **All these were listed by genealogical records** - AT: "Genealogical records listed them all" or "The records of their family's ancestry listed them all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +areas of land where animals feed on grass + +# All these were listed by genealogical records + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Genealogical records listed them all" or "The records of their family's ancestry listed them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All these + +It is not clear how many of the preceding people this refers to. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/18.md b/1ch/05/18.md index 50011a184d..206d6aa60f 100644 --- a/1ch/05/18.md +++ b/1ch/05/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Reubenites -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This refers to the people from the tribe of Rueben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Gadites -* **Reubenites** - This refers to the people from the tribe of Rueben. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gadites** - This refers to the people from the tribe of Gad. -* **forty-four thousand soldiers** - four thousand soldiers** - "44,000 soldiers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **who carried shield and sword, and who drew the bow** - The soldiers are described as skilled in warfare by the weapons they carried. AT: "They were all trained to fight well in battles." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]][[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] ) -* **Hagrites…Jetur…Naphish…Nodab** - These are the names people groups. +This refers to the people from the tribe of Gad. + +# 44,760 soldiers + +"forty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who carried shield and sword, and who drew the bow + +The soldiers are described as skilled in warfare by the weapons they carried. AT: "who were all trained to fight well in battles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Hagrites ... Jetur ... Naphish ... Nodab + +These are the names of people groups. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/20.md b/1ch/05/20.md index 1a2a6a6f63..0485fced92 100644 --- a/1ch/05/20.md +++ b/1ch/05/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the Israelites cried out to God -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:divine]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +"the Israelites prayed to God for help" -## translationNotes +# They captured their animals -* **the Israelites cried out to God** - AT: "the Israelites passionately prayed to God for help" -* **They captured their** - AT: "The Israelites captured the Hagrites" -* **fifty thousand camels** - "50,000 camels" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **two thousand donkeys** - "2,000 donkeys" -* **Because God fought for them** - God's help in battle is described like a soldier who fought in the battle. AT: "Because God helped them" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] ) +"The Israelites captured the Hagrites' animals" + +# fifty thousand camels + +"50,000 camels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 250,000 sheep + +"two hundred and fifty thousand sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two thousand donkeys + +"2,000 donkeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 100,000 men + +"one hundred thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the battle was from God + +God's help in battle is described as if he were the one who caused the battle. AT: "Because God helped them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/23.md b/1ch/05/23.md index 69780016e8..28f63c3f01 100644 --- a/1ch/05/23.md +++ b/1ch/05/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Baal Hermon ... Senir -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:mounthermon]] +These are the names of mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Epher ... Ishi ... Eliel ... Azriel ... Jeremiah ... Hodaviah ... Jahdiel -* **Baal Hermon...Senir** - These are the names of mountains. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Epher...Ishi...Eliel...Azriel...Jeremiah...Hodaviah...Jahdiel** - These are the names of men. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/25.md b/1ch/05/25.md index fad60ef6a0..7d47b67969 100644 --- a/1ch/05/25.md +++ b/1ch/05/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Pul ... Tiglath-Pileser -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Reubenites ... Gadites -* **Pul...Tilgath Pileser** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Reubenites...Gadites** - These are the names of people groups. -* **Halah...Habor...Hara** - These are names of towns. -* **Gozan** - This is the name of a river. +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Halah ... Habor ... Hara + +These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gozan + +This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/intro.md b/1ch/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..55d3379df8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the descendants of Jacob's sons who lived east of the Jordan River: Reuben, Gad and Manasseh. + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 5:4-10, 14 because they are long lists. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/01.md b/1ch/06/01.md index 181073c1b3..0176c0c973 100644 --- a/1ch/06/01.md +++ b/1ch/06/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Gershon ... Kohath ... Merari ... Amram ... Izhar ... Hebron ... Uzziel ... Nadab ... Abihu ... Eleazar ... Ithamar -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:miriam]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Gershon...Kohath...Merari...Amram...Izhar...Hebron...Uzziel...Nadab...Abihu...Eleazar...Ithamar** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/04.md b/1ch/06/04.md index bb96d1aef8..9b4dee80a6 100644 --- a/1ch/06/04.md +++ b/1ch/06/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Eleazar ... Abishua ... Bukki ... Uzzi ... Zerahiah ... Meraioth -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Eleazar...Abishua...Bukki...Uzzi...Zerahiah...Meraioth** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/07.md b/1ch/06/07.md index b4f6e34da2..5bc0211bc7 100644 --- a/1ch/06/07.md +++ b/1ch/06/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Meraioth ... Amariah ... Ahitub ... Zadok ... Ahimaaz ... Johanan - -## translationNotes - -* **Meraioth...Amariah...Ahitub...Zadok...Ahimaaz...Johanan** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/10.md b/1ch/06/10.md index 50b83a65ac..989575e281 100644 --- a/1ch/06/10.md +++ b/1ch/06/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Amariah ... Ahitub ... Zadok ... Shallum -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Solomon built -* **Amariah...Ahitub...Zadok...Shallum** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The reader should understand that Solomon probably hired workers to do the work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/13.md b/1ch/06/13.md index 3ec96841e2..32b22938ff 100644 --- a/1ch/06/13.md +++ b/1ch/06/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Hilkiah ... Seraiah ... Jozadak -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# exiled Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar -* **Hilkiah…Seraiah…Jehozadak** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **exiled Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar** - The power Nebuchadnezzar has through his army is described as the part of his body ("hand") he uses to direct his army. AT: "allowed Nebuchadnezzar's army to defeat the armies of Judah and Jerusalem and take the people into captivity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The power Nebuchadnezzar has through his army is described as the part of his body ("hand") he uses to direct his army. AT: "allowed Nebuchadnezzar's army to defeat the armies of Judah and Jerusalem and take the people into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/16.md b/1ch/06/16.md index 67c17d0cef..a82c9bb4eb 100644 --- a/1ch/06/16.md +++ b/1ch/06/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Gershon ... Kohath ... Merari -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:shimei]] +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# Libni ... Shimei -* **Gershon...Kohath...Merari** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:06:01]]. -* **Libni...Shimei** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Amram...Izhar...Hebron...Uzziel** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:06:01]]. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Amram ... Izhar ... Hebron ... Uzziel + +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 6:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/19.md b/1ch/06/19.md index ea9ebb9fc1..54ca1b32c9 100644 --- a/1ch/06/19.md +++ b/1ch/06/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Merari ... Mahli ... Mushi ... Libni ... Jahath ... Zimmah ... Joah ... Iddo ... Zerah ... Jeatherai -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:father]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Merari...Mahli...Mushi... Jahath... Zimmah... Joah... Iddo... Zerah...Jeatherai** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/22.md b/1ch/06/22.md index 76de48364f..bd24cfe3c7 100644 --- a/1ch/06/22.md +++ b/1ch/06/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Amminadab ... Korah ... Assir ... Elkanah ... Ebiasaph ... Tahath ... Uriel ... Uzziah ... Shaul -* [[en:tw:Korah]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Amminadab... Korah...Assir...Elkanah...Ebiasaph...Tahath...Uriel...Uzziah...Shaul** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/25.md b/1ch/06/25.md index 1890bce092..c0ba86040f 100644 --- a/1ch/06/25.md +++ b/1ch/06/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Elkanah ... Amasai ... Ahimoth ... Zophai ... Nahath ... Eliab ... Jeroham - -## translationNotes - -* **Elkanah...Amasai... Ahimoth... Zophai... Nahath... Eliab... Jeroham** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/28.md b/1ch/06/28.md index 799dda8772..d16f1eab70 100644 --- a/1ch/06/28.md +++ b/1ch/06/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Joel ... Merari ... Mahli ... Libni ... Shimei ... Uzzah ... Shimea ... Haggiah ... Asaiah -* [[en:tw:abijah]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:shimei]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# second-born -* **Joel...Merari...Mahli...Libni...Shimei...Uzzah...Shimea...Haggiah...Asaiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **"secondborn** - "son born next" +the second son \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/31.md b/1ch/06/31.md index 00eb8b59b9..20e1c8a48f 100644 --- a/1ch/06/31.md +++ b/1ch/06/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +"where people met with Yahweh" This was a tent in David's time. -## translationNotes +# the ark came to rest there -* **the ark came to rest there** - "the people of Israel placed the ark there" -* **the tabernacle, tent of meeting** - These are both different names for the same thing. Both names are used to be more specific. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **They fulfilled their duties following the instructions given to them** - AT: "The singers obeyed David's instructions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the people of Israel placed the ark there" + +# the tabernacle, the tent of meeting + +Possible meanings are 1) that "the tent of meeting" and "the tabernacle" are two names for the same thing or 2) the tabernacle is part of the tent of meeting, "the sanctuary of the tent of meeting" + +# They fulfilled their duties + +"They did their work" or "They did their various kinds of work" + +# according to the instructions given to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "according to the instructions that David gave them" or "according to the instructions they received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/33.md b/1ch/06/33.md index 5b4bd27ba5..ff8e8c8bf2 100644 --- a/1ch/06/33.md +++ b/1ch/06/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# These were those -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:joel]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"These were the musicians" -## translationNotes +# Kohathites -* **These were those** - AT: "These were the musicians" -* **Kohathites** - This is the name of a people group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **going back in time ** - This means the list is going in order from the most recent to the oldest. -* **Heman... Jeroham...Eliel...Toa...Zuph...Mahath** - These are the names of men. -* **Elkanath...Amasai** - See how you translated these men's names in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:06:25]]. +This is the name of a people group, the descendants of Kohath ([1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# going back in time + +This means the list is going in order from the most recent to the oldest. + +# Heman ... Jeroham ... Eliel ... Toah ... Zuph ... Mahath + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elkanah ... Amasai + +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 6:25](./25.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/36.md b/1ch/06/36.md index 4101f7439c..0c4bb66bfc 100644 --- a/1ch/06/36.md +++ b/1ch/06/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Tahath ... Assir ... Ebiasaph ... Izhar ... Kohath -* [[en:tw:Korah]] -* [[en:tw:Zephaniah]] -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Tahath... Assir...Ebiasaph... Izhar...Kohath** - These are names of people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/39.md b/1ch/06/39.md index 5b492e8d19..fe262fe9d5 100644 --- a/1ch/06/39.md +++ b/1ch/06/39.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# colleague -* [[en:tw:Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +"fellow worker" -## translationNotes +# who stood at his right hand -* ** Berechiah...Shimea... Michael...Baaseiah...Malchijah...Ethni...Zerah...Adaiah...Ethan...Zimmah...Shimei...Jahath... Gershom** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **colleague** - "fellow worker" -* **who stood at his right hand** - The authority of a person is described by where they stand. The right side of a person is the place where the person with the most authority stood. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The authority of a person is described by where they stand. The right side of a person is the place where the person with the most authority stands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Berekiah ... Shimea ... Michael ... Baaseiah ... Malkijah ... Ethni ... Zerah ... Adaiah ... Ethan ... Zimmah ... Shimei ... Jahath ... Gershon + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/44.md b/1ch/06/44.md index af28f2b9b6..198b6069a8 100644 --- a/1ch/06/44.md +++ b/1ch/06/44.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# At Heman's left hand -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **At Heman's left hand** - AT: "Standing on Heman's left side" -* **colleagues** - "fellow workers" +"Standing on Heman's left side" + +# colleagues + +"fellow workers" + +# Heman ... Ethan + +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 2:6](../02/05.md). + +# Kishi ... Abdi ... Malluk ... Hashabiah ... Amaziah ... Hilkiah ... Amzi ... Bani ... Shemer + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mahli ... Mushi + +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 6:19](./19.md). + +# Merari + +See how you translated the name of this man in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/48.md b/1ch/06/48.md index 02253b94b4..50e6abbc7a 100644 --- a/1ch/06/48.md +++ b/1ch/06/48.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Their associates, the Levites, were assigned to do -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Their associates, the Levites, were assigned to do** - AT: "It was the duty of their fellow workers, the Levites, to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God had assigned their associates, the Levites, to do" or "It was the duty of their fellow workers, the Levites, to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/49.md b/1ch/06/49.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b8a0e28ff..0000000000 --- a/1ch/06/49.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes - -* **All of these were to make atonement for Israel** - AT: "All of these offerings were to make atonement for the people of Israel's sins" -* **followed everything** - AT: "obeyed the instructions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) diff --git a/1ch/06/50.md b/1ch/06/50.md index 7ec7dfacd8..747e5195d3 100644 --- a/1ch/06/50.md +++ b/1ch/06/50.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Aaron's descendants are reckoned as follows -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Aaron's descendants are reckoned as follows** - AT: "These were the descendants of Aaron" +"These were the descendants of Aaron" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/54.md b/1ch/06/54.md index 7cb2221a92..851ff82650 100644 --- a/1ch/06/54.md +++ b/1ch/06/54.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# These are the locations where Aaron's descendents were assigned to live -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Following were the places assigned to Aaron's descendants. For the clans of the Kohathites (theirs was the first assigned by throwing lots)** - AT: "These are the places where Aaron's descendants, the clans of the Kohathites, lived (lots were cast to determine where they would live)" -* **Kohathites** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:06:33]]. -* **They were assigned Hebron** - AT: "They went to live in Hebron" -* **But the fields of the city, and the surrounding villages were given Caleb son of Jephunneh** - AT: "Caleb and his family went to live in the fields of Hebron and the surrounding villages" -* **pasturelands** - This is a grassy land where animals eat. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "These are the places where God assigned Aaron's descendants to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the descendants of Aaron ... Kohathites + +"where the descendants of Aaron ... Kohathites were to live" + +# Kohathites (the first lot was theirs) + +The Israelites drew lots to decide where people would live. AT: "Kohathites. The first lot that they drew was theirs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Kohathites + +See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 6:33](./33.md). + +# To them they gave Hebron + +"They gave Hebron to the Kohathites" + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/57.md b/1ch/06/57.md index 7bed822666..4009584ae0 100644 --- a/1ch/06/57.md +++ b/1ch/06/57.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Hebron ... Libnah ... Jattir ... Eshtemoa ... Hilen ... Debir -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **These descendants of Aaron were given Hebron** - AT: "These descendants of Aaron lived in Hebron as their inheritance." +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/59.md b/1ch/06/59.md index beda0d810a..5c80341079 100644 --- a/1ch/06/59.md +++ b/1ch/06/59.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bethshemesh]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Ashan ... Beth Shemesh ... Geba ... Alemeth ... Anathoth -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **These descendants of Aaron were also given Ashan** - AT: "Descendants of Aaron also lived in Ashan as the portion where God wanted them to live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Kohathites** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:06:33]]. -* **thirteen cities in all** - AT: "a total of 13 cities" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +All of the names in this list are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). + +# All their cities numbered thirteen + +"They had a total of 13 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/61.md b/1ch/06/61.md index ce884b4c3d..0499f26735 100644 --- a/1ch/06/61.md +++ b/1ch/06/61.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# To Gershon's descendants in their various clans were given thirteen cities -* [[en:tw:Asher]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] +"The clans of Gershon's descendants gained 13 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Kohath ... Gershon -* **To the rest of Kohath's descendants were given by lot ten cities** - AT: "The rest of Kohath's descendants gained control of 10 cities when the lots were cast" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Gershom's descendants in their various clans were given thirteen cities** - AT: "The clans of Gershom's descendants gained 13 cities" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **Kohath ... Gorsham** - See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:06:01]]. +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/63.md b/1ch/06/63.md index 43bba66fcd..15c4e7b52b 100644 --- a/1ch/06/63.md +++ b/1ch/06/63.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Merari -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +See how you translated this man's name as [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# pasturelands -* **To Merari's descendants were given twelve cities by lot in their various clans** - AT: "The clans of Merari's descendants gained 12 cities by casting lots" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Merari** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:06:01]]. -* **the towns mentioned earlier from** - AT: "those towns from" +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). + +# the towns mentioned earlier + +The towns mentioned in [1 Chronicles 6:55](./54.md) and [1 Chronicles 6:60](./59.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/66.md b/1ch/06/66.md index 0f645426fb..6e4bb5516f 100644 --- a/1ch/06/66.md +++ b/1ch/06/66.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Kohathites -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Kohathite** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:06:33]]. -* **were given cities** - AT: "gained cities" or "received cities as the place where God wanted them to live" See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +See how you translated this family name in [1 Chronicles 6:33](./33.md). + +# Shechem ... Gezer ... Jokmeam ... Beth Horon ... Aijalon ... Gath Rimmon + +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/70.md b/1ch/06/70.md index 0d6f194508..71af23bc9e 100644 --- a/1ch/06/70.md +++ b/1ch/06/70.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Aner ... Bileam -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **From the half tribe of Manasseh were given Aner with its pasturelands, and Bileam with its pasturelands. These became the possessions of the rest of the Kohathite clans** - AT: "The Kohathite clans received Aner with its pasturelands and Bileam with its pasturelands from the half tribe of Manasseh" +These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/71.md b/1ch/06/71.md index 12049227de..040af2dff4 100644 --- a/1ch/06/71.md +++ b/1ch/06/71.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:ramoth]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Gershon -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **To Gershon's descendants were given** - AT: "Gershon's descendants received" -* **Gershon** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:06:01]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). + +# Golan ... Ashtaroth ... Kedesh ... Daberath ... Ramoth ... Anem + +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/74.md b/1ch/06/74.md index fcaf15907c..1403fe35d9 100644 --- a/1ch/06/74.md +++ b/1ch/06/74.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Mashal ... Abdon ... Hukok ... Rehob ... Kedesh ... Hammon ... Kiriathaim -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +These are all names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/77.md b/1ch/06/77.md index ab8bd95580..813601c9b7 100644 --- a/1ch/06/77.md +++ b/1ch/06/77.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Zebulun]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# The rest ... descendants received from the tribe of Zebulun -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Merari** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:06:01]]. -* **were given from the tribe** - AT: "gained from the tribe" or "received from the tribe" -* **To them were also given** - AT: "They also gained" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The tribe of Zebulun gave the rest ... descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Merari's + +Translate "Merari" as in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). + +# Rimmono ... and Tabor ... Bezer ... Jahzah ... Kedemoth ... Mephaath + +These are all names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). + +# and from the tribe of Reuben + +The information in [1 Chronicles 6:78-79](./77.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# from the tribe of Reuben + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the tribe of Reuben gave these" or "they also received these from the tribe of Reuben" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/80.md b/1ch/06/80.md index 16387627cd..c48b4bc769 100644 --- a/1ch/06/80.md +++ b/1ch/06/80.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Gad]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Ramoth ... Mahanaim ... Heshbon ... Jazer -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +These are all names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/intro.md b/1ch/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..944aa640bf --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the descendants of Levi. + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 6:20-30, 33-47, 50-53 because they are long lists. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/01.md b/1ch/07/01.md index c85b163b2c..9aa35bb0a7 100644 --- a/1ch/07/01.md +++ b/1ch/07/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:joel]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# heads of their fathers' houses -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **originators** - "fathers" or "founders" -* **They numbered 22,600** - "There were twenty two thousand six hundred men" -* **in David's time** - AT: "during David's life" +The words "father's houses" refers to extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans." + +# They numbered 22,600 + +"They numbered twenty-two thousand six hundred" or "There were 22,600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the days of David + +"during David's life" or "while David was alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/04.md b/1ch/07/04.md index d50a7390d0..df5f65002c 100644 --- a/1ch/07/04.md +++ b/1ch/07/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Along with them they had -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Another possible meaning is "Among them were." -## translationNotes +# thirty-six thousand troops for battle -* **Along with them they had** - AT: "Among them were" -* **36,000 troops for battle** - "thirty six thousand soldiers who were ready for battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"36,000 soldiers who were ready for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# eighty-seven thousand fighting men + +"87,000 fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/06.md b/1ch/07/06.md index 2b2a44ec7c..edd7286fec 100644 --- a/1ch/07/06.md +++ b/1ch/07/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# 22,034 fighting men -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **originators** - "fathers" or "ancestors" +"twenty-two thousand and thirty-four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/08.md b/1ch/07/08.md index 1a913e5d0c..7705b70954 100644 --- a/1ch/07/08.md +++ b/1ch/07/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:family]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# 20,200 heads of their fathers' houses -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] +"twenty thousand two hundred family leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/11.md b/1ch/07/11.md index bbb04cca2a..539b86c2f9 100644 --- a/1ch/07/11.md +++ b/1ch/07/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jediael ... Ir ... Aher -* [[en:tw:serve]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Listed in their clan lists were 17,200 -* **Jediael ... Ir ... Aher** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Listed in their clan lists were 17,200** - AT: "The clan lists contained seventeen thousand two hundred" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Shuppim... Huppim ... Hushim** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"The clan lists contained 17,200" + +# 17,200 heads of houses + +"seventeen thousand two hundred heads of houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Shuppites ... Huppites ... Hushites + +These are names of clans of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/13.md b/1ch/07/13.md index 7a9344778f..27d3af787b 100644 --- a/1ch/07/13.md +++ b/1ch/07/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Bilhah's grandsons -* **Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shallum** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bilhah's grandsons** - AT: "the sons of Bilhah's son" +"the sons of Bilhah's son." Bilhah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/14.md b/1ch/07/14.md index 0d386a6aa4..094d04caf7 100644 --- a/1ch/07/14.md +++ b/1ch/07/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:concubine|concubine]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Asriel, ... Zelophehad ... Peresh ... Sheresh ... Ulam ... Rakem -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Aramite** - This refers to a person from Aram, a region of Syria. -* **Aramite concubine bore** - AT: "Aramite concubine gave birth to" +These are all the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Makir, Gilead's father + +These are the names of men. See how you translated "Makir, father of Gilead" in [1 Chronicles 2:21](../02/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Aramean concubine bore + +"Aramean concubine gave birth to" + +# Huppites ... Shuppites + +See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 7:12](./11.md). + +# Maakah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/17.md b/1ch/07/17.md index bfdc6df7fa..bb95f2964f 100644 --- a/1ch/07/17.md +++ b/1ch/07/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendants]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here except Hammoleketh are the names of men. Hammoleketh is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/20.md b/1ch/07/20.md index 9fb6c91e10..3afcc7bd74 100644 --- a/1ch/07/20.md +++ b/1ch/07/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] +All of the names here except Gath are the names of men. Gath is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Ezer and Elead were killed by men of Gath, natives in the land -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Ezer and Elead were killed by men of Gath, natives in the land** - AT: "Men of Gath, the natives in the land, killed Ezer and Elead" -* **they went to steal their cattle** - AT: "the brothers went to steal the cattle from the people of Gath" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Men of Gath, the natives in the land, killed Ezer and Elead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they went to steal their cattle + +"the brothers went to steal the cattle from the people of Gath" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/23.md b/1ch/07/23.md index fac23b6470..de71f29f83 100644 --- a/1ch/07/23.md +++ b/1ch/07/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# She conceived and bore a son -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"She became pregnant and gave birth to a son" -## translationNotes +# called him -* **she conceived and bore a son** - AT: "she became pregnant and gave birth to a son" -* **called him** - AT: "named him" -* **Beriah ... Sheerah** - These are names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Upper Beth Horon and Uzzen Sheerah** - These are the names of places. +"named him" + +# Beriah + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sheerah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Upper Beth Horon and Uzzen Sheerah + +These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/25.md b/1ch/07/25.md index 0cef21eeb2..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/07/25.md +++ b/1ch/07/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/28.md b/1ch/07/28.md index 4f6262f682..12a68415cd 100644 --- a/1ch/07/28.md +++ b/1ch/07/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Their possessions and residences were Bethel ... villages -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +The abstract nouns "possessions" and "residences" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "They possessed and resided in Bethel ... villages" or "They owned and lived in Bethel ... villages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Bethel ... Dor -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **residences were** - AT: "homes were in" -* **It was in these towns where there lived the descendants of Joseph son of Israel** - AT: "The descendants of Joseph, son of Israel, lived in these towns" +All of the names listed here are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# In these towns the descendants of Joseph son of Israel lived + +"The descendants of Joseph, son of Israel, lived in these towns" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/30.md b/1ch/07/30.md index cb7aafbe96..66b094598d 100644 --- a/1ch/07/30.md +++ b/1ch/07/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asher]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here except Serah and Shua are the names of men. Serah and Shua are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/33.md b/1ch/07/33.md index 94b94bad15..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/07/33.md +++ b/1ch/07/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/36.md b/1ch/07/36.md index 0cef21eeb2..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/07/36.md +++ b/1ch/07/36.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/39.md b/1ch/07/39.md index f9c266fe15..8c2858d1b0 100644 --- a/1ch/07/39.md +++ b/1ch/07/39.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# distinguished men -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **orgininators** - "fathers" or "founders" -* **distinguished men** - "important men" -* **There were 26,000 men listed fit for military service, according to their enumerated lists** - AT: "According to the clan records, there were twenty six thousand men able to serve in the military" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"important men" + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" + +# There were twenty-six thousand men listed who were fit for military service, according to their numbered lists + +"According to the clan records, there were 26,000 men who were able to serve in the military" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/intro.md b/1ch/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..32e1741354 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the descendants of Issachar, Benjamin, Ephraim, Asher, and Manasseh living west of the Jordan River. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/01.md b/1ch/08/01.md index b10359fe2a..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/08/01.md +++ b/1ch/08/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/06.md b/1ch/08/06.md index f2f5610006..224af7eaf6 100644 --- a/1ch/08/06.md +++ b/1ch/08/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:naaman]] +All of the names here except Geba and Manahath are the names of men. Geba and Manahath are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# fathers' houses -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **were compelled to move** - "needed to move" or "had to move" +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" + +# were compelled to move + +"needed to move" or "had to move" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/08.md b/1ch/08/08.md index fc76d7737a..090b583685 100644 --- a/1ch/08/08.md +++ b/1ch/08/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Shaharaim ... Jobab ... Zibia ... Mesha ... Malkam ... Jeuz ... Sakia ... Mirmah ... Abitub ... Elpaal -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hushim ... Baara ... Hodesh -* **Shaharaim, Jobab, Zibia, Mesha, Malcom, Jeuz, Shachia, Mirmah, Abitub, Elpaal** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hushim, Baara, Hodesh** - These are names of women. -* **By his wife Hodesh, Shaharaim became the father of ** - AT: "Shaharaim and his wife Hodesh had the following sons:" +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# By his wife Hodesh, Shaharaim became the father of + +"Shaharaim and his wife Hodesh had the following sons:" + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/12.md b/1ch/08/12.md index 0ec6aa071c..b9d19cab21 100644 --- a/1ch/08/12.md +++ b/1ch/08/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Elpaal ... Eber ... Misham ... Shemed ... Beriah ... Shema -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Ono ... Lod ... Aijalon -* **Elpaal, Eber, Misham, Shemed, Beriah, Shema** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ono, Lod, Aijalon** - These are names of places. +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/14.md b/1ch/08/14.md index 0cef21eeb2..73f42d6b3c 100644 --- a/1ch/08/14.md +++ b/1ch/08/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Elpaal ... and Jobab -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +The information in [1 Chronicles 8:17-18](./14.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/19.md b/1ch/08/19.md index b28104fbc0..17747681dd 100644 --- a/1ch/08/19.md +++ b/1ch/08/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:shimei]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +The information in [1 Chronicles 8:19-21](./19.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/22.md b/1ch/08/22.md index 0cef21eeb2..0d0fb5422b 100644 --- a/1ch/08/22.md +++ b/1ch/08/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +The information in [1 Chronicles 8:22-25](./22.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/26.md b/1ch/08/26.md index 7fe3eeecbd..a3e37bdd1d 100644 --- a/1ch/08/26.md +++ b/1ch/08/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +All of the names in verses 26 and 27 are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# fathers' houses -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/29.md b/1ch/08/29.md index e5d4f67885..2b3a03dfd1 100644 --- a/1ch/08/29.md +++ b/1ch/08/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] +All of the names here except Maakah and Gibeon are the names of men. Maakah is the name of a woman, and Gibeon is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# The father of Gibeon, Jeiel, whose wife's name was Maakah, lived in Gibeon -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **The father of Gibeon, Jeiel, whose wife’s name was Maacah, lived in Gibeon** - AT: "Jeiel, Gibeon's father, lived in Gibeon. His wife's name was Maacah" -* **His firstborn** - "Jeiel's firstborn" +Here "father of" refers to Jeiel's status as the leading person in the city of Gibeon. AT: "Jeiel, the leader of Gibeon, lived in Gibeon. His wife's name was Maakah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# His firstborn + +"Jeiel's first son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/32.md b/1ch/08/32.md index 912ad5bc4a..9d4da96bfa 100644 --- a/1ch/08/32.md +++ b/1ch/08/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:micah]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here (except Jerusalem) are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/35.md b/1ch/08/35.md index 73e9d3bdf4..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/08/35.md +++ b/1ch/08/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/38.md b/1ch/08/38.md index fccf5f93b5..54fb849ad3 100644 --- a/1ch/08/38.md +++ b/1ch/08/38.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:archer]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jeush the second, and Eliphelet the third -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **Jeush the second, and Eliphelet the third** - AT: "Jeush the 2nd son, and Eliphelet the 3rd son" (See: Ordinal Numbers) -* **They had many sons and grandsons, a total of 150** - AT: "They had a total of one hundred fifty sons and grandsons" +"Jeush, who was born after Ulam, and Eliphelet, who was born after Jeush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# many sons and grandsons, a total of 150 + +"a total of one hundred fifty sons and grandsons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/intro.md b/1ch/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1b1d2bf1b --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the genealogy of Saul's family. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/01.md b/1ch/09/01.md index 329d949143..b24c7ef821 100644 --- a/1ch/09/01.md +++ b/1ch/09/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel was recorded in genealogies -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This can be translated in active form. The reader should understand that the people who wrote the genealogies included the names of the people who had already died. AT: "The Israelites recorded all of themselves in genealogies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# genealogies -* **So all Israel was listed in genealogies** - A genealogy refers to a record of a family descendants or a persons ancestors. -* **the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah** - This refers to a book that no longer exists. +family records that name ancestors and descendants + +# They were recorded in the book ... Israel + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They wrote the names in the book ... Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the book of the kings of Israel + +This refers to a book that no longer exists. + +# they were carried away in exile + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The Babylonians carried them away in exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/04.md b/1ch/09/04.md index 54bb5f3091..eff060df87 100644 --- a/1ch/09/04.md +++ b/1ch/09/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Shelanites -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **Shilonites** - This is the name of a people group descended from Shelah. It is a spelling variation for the Shelanites. +This is the name of a people group descended from Shelah. + +# numbered 690 + +"numbered six hundred ninety people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/07.md b/1ch/09/07.md index af9b2b3622..c21f6f5548 100644 --- a/1ch/09/07.md +++ b/1ch/09/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:jethro]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# numbered 956 -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +"numbered nine hundred and fifty-six people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# heads of fathers' houses for their fathers' houses + +"leaders of their extended families." Extended families are people related to each other who usually live in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/10.md b/1ch/09/10.md index 35f01a9fe0..d2fe5f8628 100644 --- a/1ch/09/10.md +++ b/1ch/09/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of God -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +the second temple, which the people built after they returned from Babylon \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/12.md b/1ch/09/12.md index cc87da7adc..1365ef9fc1 100644 --- a/1ch/09/12.md +++ b/1ch/09/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:works]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# They were very capable men in the work -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **They were very capable men in the work in the house of God** - AT: "These capable men worked in the house of God" +"These capable men worked" + +# the house of God + +the second temple, which the people built after they returned from Babylon + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, clans + +# numbered 1,760 + +"numbered one thousand and sixty priests" or "numbered seventeen hundred and sixty priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/14.md b/1ch/09/14.md index d1e8ed33ba..9412fc01ef 100644 --- a/1ch/09/14.md +++ b/1ch/09/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] +All of the names here except "Netophathites" are the names of men. The Netophathites were a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# among the descendants -* **Shemaiah ... Elkanah** - These are names of men. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **among the descendants** - AT: "one of the descendants" -* **Netophathites** - This is the name of a people group. +"one of the descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/17.md b/1ch/09/17.md index 9728963bd2..7cd9fd94c7 100644 --- a/1ch/09/17.md +++ b/1ch/09/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# doorkeepers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"guards" or "gatekeepers" -## translationNotes +# Shallum ... Akkub ... Talmon ... Ahiman ... Kore ... Ebiasaph -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **doorkeeps** - AT: "guards" or "gatekeepers" -* **they stood guard at the king’s gate on the east side for the camp of Levi's descendants** - AT: "Levi's descendants guarded the king's gate on the east side of their camp" -* **the thresholds of the tent ... entrance to the place where Yahweh lives** - These phrases both refer to the entrance of the tent of meeting, or tabernacle. +These are all the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they stood guard at the king's gate on the east side for the camp of Levi's descendants + +"Levi's descendants guarded the king's gate on the east side of their camp" + +# Korahites + +descendants of Korah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the door to the tent ... the entrance + +These phrases both refer to the entrance of the tent of meeting, or the tabernacle. + +# the tent + +This is a metonym for the second temple, which the people built after they returned from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/20.md b/1ch/09/20.md index edab5552e4..1e448b0ed7 100644 --- a/1ch/09/20.md +++ b/1ch/09/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +All of the names here (except Yahweh) are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# in charge of them -* **in charge of them** - AT: "in charge of the guards" +"in charge of the Korahites" (See: [1 Chronicles 9:19](./17.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/22.md b/1ch/09/22.md index 4da729a3c2..299d73995a 100644 --- a/1ch/09/22.md +++ b/1ch/09/22.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# who were chosen as gatekeepers -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Their names were recorded in the people's records in their villages** - AT: "The records in peoples' villages included the names of these men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **their children** - "their descendants" -* **gatekeepers were posted** - AT: "men guarded the entrances" -* **on all four sides, toward the east, west, north, and south** - AT: "all around" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +It is not clear who chose these men, so if you have to translate in active form, use your language's most general way of doing so. AT: "whom they had chosen to be gatekeepers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# numbered 212 + +"numbered two hundred and twelve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Their names were recorded in the people's records in their villages + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The records in peoples' villages included the names of these men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their children + +"their descendants" + +# gatekeepers were posted + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "men guarded the entrances" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on all four sides, toward the east, west, north, and south + +The words "east, west, north, and south" explain the words "all four sides." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/25.md b/1ch/09/25.md index 4de7bdc403..f1e2b7ba5e 100644 --- a/1ch/09/25.md +++ b/1ch/09/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Their brothers -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] +"The guards' brothers" -## translationNotes +# came in for seven-day rotations, in turn -* **Their brothers** - "The guards' brothers" -* **came in for seven day rotations, in turn** - AT: "would come to help for 7 day periods, taking turns" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **were assigned to guard the rooms** - AT: "guarded the rooms" +"would come to help for 7-day periods, taking turns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the four leaders ... were assigned to guard the rooms + +It is not clear who assigned these men, so if you have to translate in active form, use your language's most general way of doing so. AT: "they assigned the four leaders ... to guard the rooms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the house of God + +the second temple, which the people built after they returned from Babylon \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/28.md b/1ch/09/28.md index c1f64ae7e2..99e1637346 100644 --- a/1ch/09/28.md +++ b/1ch/09/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Some of them -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +"Some of the guards" -## translationNotes +# they counted the articles when they were brought in and when they were taken out -* **Some of them** - "Some of the guards" -* **they counted the articles when they were brought in and when they were taken out** - AT: "they counted the articles that people took out to use, and they counted the articles when people brought them back" -* **were assigned to take care of** - AT: "took care of" or "cared for" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **utensil** - This is a simple tool used for doing kitchen tasks or eating. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they counted the articles that people took out to use, and they counted the articles when people brought them back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Some of them also were assigned to take care of + +It is not clear who assigned these men, so if you have to translate in active form, use your language's most general way of doing so. AT: "The leaders also assigned some of them to take care of" or "Some of them also took care of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/30.md b/1ch/09/30.md index c9f4890c94..ec93a9b7fb 100644 --- a/1ch/09/30.md +++ b/1ch/09/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Mattithiah ... Shallum -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Korahite ... Kohathites -* **Mattithiah ... Shallum** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Korahites ... Kohathites** - These are names of people groups. -* **bread of the presence** - See the Important Term "bread" for the specific definition of "bread of the presence." +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# bread of the presence + +See the translationWord page about "bread" for the specific definition of "bread of the presence." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/33.md b/1ch/09/33.md index cefb4b40e7..544c6cfe74 100644 --- a/1ch/09/33.md +++ b/1ch/09/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# fathers' houses -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" -## translationNotes +# they were free from work -* **they were free from work** - AT: "they did not have to do other work" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **had to carry out their assigned tasks** - AT: "had to complete their assigned task" -* **day and night** - This means "at all times" and can be translated using a phrase or word from your language or culture that gives the same meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **These were family leaders among the Levites, as listed in their genealogical record** - AT: "The family history lists included the names of these Levite family leaders" +"they did not have to do other work" + +# carry out their assigned tasks + +"complete the tasks they needed to do" + +# day and night + +This means "at all times" and can be translated using a phrase or word from your language or culture that gives the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# These were leaders of fathers' houses among the Levites, as listed in their genealogical records + +"The family history lists included the names of these Levite family leaders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/35.md b/1ch/09/35.md index cc011e9732..e4b4b0bb54 100644 --- a/1ch/09/35.md +++ b/1ch/09/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +All of the names here except Maakah are the names of men. Maakah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Gibeon ... Gibeon -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Gibeon** - The first reference to Gibeon is to the person but the second reference to Gibeon is the city. +"the man Gibeon ... the town of Gibeon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/38.md b/1ch/09/38.md index 3454f97893..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/09/38.md +++ b/1ch/09/38.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:micah]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/41.md b/1ch/09/41.md index cd95ef7f70..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/09/41.md +++ b/1ch/09/41.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/intro.md b/1ch/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..022fe4dcb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the genealogy of the people who returned to Jerusalem after the exile and the family of Saul. + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 9:39-44 because they are long lists. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/01.md b/1ch/10/01.md index b95e7ef619..1cdc823715 100644 --- a/1ch/10/01.md +++ b/1ch/10/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Every man of Israel fled from before the Philistines and fell down dead on Mount Gilboa -* [[en:tw:Jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:Saul]] -* [[en:tw:archer]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +It is implied that these men were Israelite soldiers. AT: "The whole army of Israel ran away from the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Every man of Israel ... fell down dead -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Every man of Israel fled from before** - AT: "The army of Israel ran away from" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **fell down dead** - AT: "died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is probably a generalization. It seems that while all the soldiers did run away, not all of them died. AT: "Every man of Israel ... most of them died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Abinadab ... Malki-Shua + +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 8:33](../08/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/04.md b/1ch/10/04.md index 368bf5e995..22f0203ae6 100644 --- a/1ch/10/04.md +++ b/1ch/10/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# thrust me through with it -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +The action of stabbing is a metonym for the result, death. AT: "kill me with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# these uncircumcised will come -* **thrust me through with it** - AT: "kill me with it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Otherwise, these uncircumcised will come** - The reference to the "uncircumcised" here is an insult, indicating that these people are foreign and have no relationship with God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **fell on it** - AT: "killed himself with it" +The nominal adjective "uncircumcised" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "these people who are uncircumcised will come" or "these uncircumcised people will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# these uncircumcised + +Here "uncircumcised" represents people who do not belong to Yahweh. AT: "these people who do not belong to Yahweh" or "these heathen Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fell on it + +Saul probably stuck the handle into the ground and leaned on the point so the sword would go through his body as he fell down. The action is a metonym for the result, death. AT: "killed himself with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/05.md b/1ch/10/05.md index 4cf1ab2da7..fb242edc08 100644 --- a/1ch/10/05.md +++ b/1ch/10/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# fell on his sword -* [[en:tw:household]] +He probably stuck the handle into the ground and leaned on the point so the sword would go through his body as he fell down. The action is a metonym for the result, death. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 10:4](./04.md). AT: "killed himself with his sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# his three sons -* **and his three sons** - AT: "and his 3 sons died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "his 3 sons died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/07.md b/1ch/10/07.md index 808bb5c7fa..b938bf5c8d 100644 --- a/1ch/10/07.md +++ b/1ch/10/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# When every man of Israel -* [[en:tw:life]] +This is probably a generalization. AT: "When the men of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# they had fled -* **When every man of Israel** - AT: "When the men of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **lived in them** - "lived in the Israelite cities" -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **to strip the dead** - AT: "to take anything of value off of the dead bodies" -* **Saul and his sons fallen** - "Saul and his sons dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"the Israelite soldiers had fled" + +# the Philistines came and lived in them + +"the Philistines came and lived in the cities from which the Israelites had fled." This probably happened after the events in verses 8-12. + +# It came about + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# to strip the dead + +"to take everything of value off of the dead bodies" + +# Saul and his sons fallen + +Here "fallen" is a polite way to refer to someone who died in battle. AT: "Saul and his sons dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/09.md b/1ch/10/09.md index 15ca7a9689..789d7857c4 100644 --- a/1ch/10/09.md +++ b/1ch/10/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They stripped him -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:philistia]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"The Philistines removed everything from Saul's body" -## translationNotes +# to carry the news to their idols and to the people -* **They stripped him** - AT: "The Philistines removed everything from Saul's body" -* **They put his armor** - "The Philistines put Saul's armor" -* **Dagon** - This is the name of a false god. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +They told the people what had happened and praised their idols in prayer. + +# to carry the news + +A person telling others about something that has happened is spoken of as if the person were carrying a solid object and giving it to those other people. AT: "to tell what had happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They put his armor + +"The Philistines put Saul's armor" + +# Dagon + +This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/11.md b/1ch/10/11.md index a0e027b019..74d40777c9 100644 --- a/1ch/10/11.md +++ b/1ch/10/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When all Jabesh Gilead heard of all that the Philistines -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +Both instances of the word "all" are generalizations. The name of the town is a metonym for the people who live in the town, and the people group name is a metonym for that people group's soldiers. AT: "When the people of Jabesh Gilead heard what the soldiers of the Philistine army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Jabesh Gilead -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **When all Jabesh Gilead heard of all that the Philistines** - AT: "When the people of Jabesh Gilead heard what the soldiers of the Philistine army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] ) -* **their bones** - AT: "their bodies" or "their remains" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# their bones + +The bones are a synecdoche for the dead bodies. AT: "their bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# seven days + +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/13.md b/1ch/10/13.md index cb078144db..28b7fdff84 100644 --- a/1ch/10/13.md +++ b/1ch/10/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These verses give a summary of why Saul died. If your language has a way of showing that this is not part of the story line, you could use it here. -## translationNotes +# did not seek guidance from Yahweh -* **advice** - This is an opinion or suggestion about what the person should do. -* **talked with the dead** - AT: "claimed to talk with those who have died" -* **guidance** - This is help or advice about what he should do. -* **handed over the kingdom** - AT: "gave control of the people of Israel over to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"did not ask Yahweh to guide him" + +# turned over the kingdom to David son of Jesse + +Here "turned over the kingdom" is an idiom that means to give someone authority over a kingdom. AT: "made David, son of Jesse, king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/intro.md b/1ch/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44a0a055e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The death of Saul ##### + +Saul died because he disobeyed God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/01.md b/1ch/11/01.md index 60cd8eb523..00dd5ee6d2 100644 --- a/1ch/11/01.md +++ b/1ch/11/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel came to David -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wordofGod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a generalization that means people from every tribe in Israel came to David, but not every individual. AT: "people from throughout Israel came to David" or "people from every tribe in Israel came to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# we are your flesh and bone -* **we are your flesh and bone** - AT: "we have the same ancestors" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]] ) -* **it was you who led...** - The "you" here is emphatic. AT: "it was you yourself who led..." -* **You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will..."** - Both pronouns 'you' are emphatic. AT: "You yourself will shepherd my people Israel, and you yourself will..." -* **In this way came true the word of Yahweh that had been declared by Samuel** - AT: "In this way, the message of Yahweh that Samuel declared came true" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This idiom means that they are relatives. AT: "we are your relatives" or "we have the same ancestors as you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# In the recent past + +This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become a ruler over my people Israel + +These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You will shepherd my people Israel + +Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. AT: "'You will care for my people Israel" or "You will lead my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They anointed David king over Israel + +To "anoint" is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the word of Yahweh that had been declared by Samuel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the word of Yahweh that Samuel had declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/04.md b/1ch/11/04.md index b79ae3d5eb..14bc938b96 100644 --- a/1ch/11/04.md +++ b/1ch/11/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# David and all Israel -* [[en:tw:CityofDavid]] -* [[en:tw:Jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Here the phrase "all Israel" represents the entire Israelite army. AT: "David and all the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Now the Jebusites ... were there -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Jebus** - This was the temporary name for Jerusalem after Jebusites conquered the city, before the Israelites conquered it. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **But David took** - AT: "But David's army defeated" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **that is, the City of David** - AT: "and they called it the City of David" -* **so he was made a commander** - AT: "so David made Joab a commander" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "now" is used to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# David took the stronghold of Zion + +Here the word "took" is an idiom that means "captured" or "conquered." Since David led the army, his name here is a synecdoche for the whole army who attacked the city. AT: "David captured the stronghold of Zion" or "David and the Israelite army captured the stronghold of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the stronghold of Zion ... the city of David + +Both of these names refer to Jerusalem. + +# so he was made the chief + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so David made Joab the chief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/07.md b/1ch/11/07.md index ef35f1f84f..786dfeb952 100644 --- a/1ch/11/07.md +++ b/1ch/11/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He fortified the city around ... Joab fortified the rest of the city -* [[en:tw:life]] +The word "he" refers to David. The reader should understand that David and Joab were probably in charge of other men who made the fortifications. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the Millo -* **He fortified the city around** - AT: "The Israelites made the wall around the city stronger" -* **the Millo** - This refers to a fortress in Jerusalem, probably built by the Jebusites. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **was with him** - AT: "helped him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This likely refers to a terraced structure that consisted of retaining walls with dirt filled in behind them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/10.md b/1ch/11/10.md index 256d4d28a0..0f834f9aaa 100644 --- a/1ch/11/10.md +++ b/1ch/11/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# These were the leaders David had -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +"These were the leaders of David's warriors" -## translationNotes +# who showed themselves strong with him in his kingdom ... to make him king -* See: See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **the leaders David had** - AT: "the leaders under David" -* **who showed themselves strong with him in his kingdom** - AT: "who helped David's kingdom to remain strong" -* **on one occasion** - AT: "at one time" +This phrase means that both the leaders of David's army, and the full army, helped David to establish himself as king over Israel. AT: "who strongly supported David's kingdom ... to make him king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jashobeam + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a Hachmonite + +This refers to a person from the Hachmon clan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# on one occasion + +"in one battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/12.md b/1ch/11/12.md index 282b33a260..1b089faec7 100644 --- a/1ch/11/12.md +++ b/1ch/11/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# After him -* [[en:tw:barley]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"After Jashobeam" -## translationNotes +# Eleazar ... Dodo -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* "and killed many of the Philistines." - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Ahohite + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pas Dammim + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They stood in the middle of the field + +"David and Eleazar stood in the middle of the field" + +# cut down the Philistines + +This means that they killed the Philistine soldiers with their swords. AT: "killed the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/15.md b/1ch/11/15.md index 73f993f33a..40aac70a51 100644 --- a/1ch/11/15.md +++ b/1ch/11/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# three of the thirty -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +"3 of the 30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the cave of Adullam -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **three of the thirty** - "3 of the 30" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **At that time David was in his stronghold, a cave, while the Philistines had soldiers stationed at Bethlehem** - AT: "David was in a safe place in a cave while the Philistines' soldiers were guarding Bethlehem" +"the cave near the town of Adullam." Adullam is near Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Valley of Rephaim + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in his stronghold, a cave + +"in his safe place in a cave" + +# the Philistines had established their camp at Bethlehem + +"the Philistines had stationed soldiers in Bethlehem" + +# the well at Bethlehem, the well that is by the gate + +These two phrases refer to the same well. The second specifies which well in Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/18.md b/1ch/11/18.md index 7420642554..28ca26a52f 100644 --- a/1ch/11/18.md +++ b/1ch/11/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# three mighty men -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +"3 mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# broke through the army of the Philistines -* **three mighty men** - "3 mighty men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **well of Bethlehem, the well at the gate** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated for clarification. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Far be it from me, that before my God I should do this** - AT: "God, please never allow me to drink such a sacrifice at the costs of my men!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives?** - David is saying with this question that the water is precious because of the sacrifice made by those who obtained it. AT: "I would not drink the blood of men who are willing to die for me" or "I will not drink water that men have risked their lives to get" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"fought their way through the army of the Philistines" + +# the well of Bethlehem, the well at the gate + +These two phrases refer to the same well. The second specifies which well in Bethlehem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 11:17](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# he poured it out to Yahweh + +This means that he poured out the water as an offering to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# May it be that I should never do this! + +"May I never do something like this!" or "This is something I should never do!" + +# Should I drink the blood of these men who have risked their lives? + +David speaks of the water as if it were blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I should not drink this water, which would be like drinking the blood of these men who have risked their lives to bring it to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/20.md b/1ch/11/20.md index 402c98d036..93b8b9b08d 100644 --- a/1ch/11/20.md +++ b/1ch/11/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Abishai -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 2:16](../02/16.md). -## translationNotes +# captain over the Three -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **the three** - "the 3 mighty men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers** - AT: "Abishai was a leader of the mighty men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he was most honored and became their captain** - AT: "the soldiers respected Abishai the most and made him their leader" +This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David. + +# three hundred + +"300 men" or "300 warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He is mentioned along with the Three + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People often mentioned him when they spoke of the Three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Of the Three, he was given double honor and became + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) that he received double the honor that the Three received. AT: "People gave him twice as much honor as they gave the Three and he became" or 2) the Three honored him more than they honored others. AT: "The Three honored him more than they honored others and he became" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/22.md b/1ch/11/22.md index 896ef44aff..7556d621d7 100644 --- a/1ch/11/22.md +++ b/1ch/11/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Benaiah ... Jehoiada ... Ariel -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:snow]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# five cubits -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **feats** - These are acts that show courage, strength, or skill. -* **while it was snowing** - AT: "during a snow storm" -* **five cubits** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **he went down to him** - AT: "Benaiah met the Egyptian" -* **a spear like a weaver’s beam** - AT: "a very large spear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +A "cubit" is a unit of measurement equal to 46 centimeters. AT: "2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# a spear like a weaver's beam + +This compares the size of the spear with the size of a weaver's beam. AT: "a spear the size of a weaver's beam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he went down to him + +"Benaiah went down to the Egyptian." This idiom means that he met him in battle. AT: "he attacked him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/24.md b/1ch/11/24.md index a11d52ccec..0568e1f383 100644 --- a/1ch/11/24.md +++ b/1ch/11/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# did these feats -* [[en:tw:david]] +"did these mighty deeds" -## translationNotes +# he was named alongside the three mighty men -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **he was named alongside the three mighty men** - "he was as famous as the 3 mighty men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three most elite soldiers** - AT: "The people respected him more than the 30 soldiers, but not as much as the 3 most highly skilled soldiers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **bodyguard** - This is a person or a group of people responsible for protecting somebody important. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people praised him like they praised the three mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people respected him more than the 30 soldiers, but not as much as the 3 most elite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bodyguard + +This refers to a group of people responsible for protecting David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/26.md b/1ch/11/26.md index 871b2d5f34..0fd8ebdd3c 100644 --- a/1ch/11/26.md +++ b/1ch/11/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +This begins a list of David's thirty most important warriors. The list contains the names of the men and the clans to which they belonged. The list continues through [1 Chronicles 11:47](./45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/30.md b/1ch/11/30.md index e495feb71a..572ca1e11c 100644 --- a/1ch/11/30.md +++ b/1ch/11/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/34.md b/1ch/11/34.md index b0826fd40d..572ca1e11c 100644 --- a/1ch/11/34.md +++ b/1ch/11/34.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/38.md b/1ch/11/38.md index ac0cdbaac5..572ca1e11c 100644 --- a/1ch/11/38.md +++ b/1ch/11/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Ammon]] -* [[en:tw:Joab]] -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:uriah]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/42.md b/1ch/11/42.md index b76d8dd07c..12481ee44c 100644 --- a/1ch/11/42.md +++ b/1ch/11/42.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chief]] +This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# thirty with him -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **thirty with him** - "30 men with him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"30 men with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/45.md b/1ch/11/45.md index 741588dda7..7900c8e7fc 100644 --- a/1ch/11/45.md +++ b/1ch/11/45.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:moab]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +This concludes the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/intro.md b/1ch/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f896fd714d --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of David begins here and continues throughout the remainder of this book. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King David the military leader ##### +David was made the king of all Israel and was the leader of their army. He conquered Jerusalem and strengthened its defenses. He had many brave men in his army that did great deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/01.md b/1ch/12/01.md index 4bfd4516c6..cc83fd010e 100644 --- a/1ch/12/01.md +++ b/1ch/12/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# while he was still banished from the presence of -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "during the time when he could not be in the presence of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# could use both the right hand and the left in slinging stones and in shooting arrows -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **while he was still banished from the presence of** - AT: "during the time when he could not be in the presence of" -* **They were armed with bows and could use both the right hand and the left** - AT: "Their weapons included bows, and they could use the bow with their right or left hands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **sling** - This is to throw an object with a forceful swinging motion. +"could use either their right hands or their left hands to sling stones and shoot arrows" + +# slinging stones + +The sling was a strip of leather that a person would use to throw a stone long distances. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/03.md b/1ch/12/03.md index 7181af4608..5977b422ae 100644 --- a/1ch/12/03.md +++ b/1ch/12/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] +This begins a list of the men from the tribe of Benjamin who joined David at Ziklag. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the thirty -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **the thirty** - AT: "the 30 soldiers" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"the 30 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/05.md b/1ch/12/05.md index 3616b275ca..ccbe3674ec 100644 --- a/1ch/12/05.md +++ b/1ch/12/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Korah]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +This continues the list of the men from the tribe of Benjamin who joined David at Ziklag. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/08.md b/1ch/12/08.md index a80d9d1b57..59f26df1af 100644 --- a/1ch/12/08.md +++ b/1ch/12/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +This begins a list of the men from the tribe of Gad who joined David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# whose faces were as fierce as the faces of lions -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **whose faces were as fierce as the faces of lions** - AT: "who were very fierce" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they were as swift as gazelles** - AT: "they were very fast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **gazelle** - This is a small animal that is graceful and fast, similar to a deer. +Here the word "faces" represents the men and the lions. Their faces express the fierceness with which they fight battles. AT: "who were as fierce in battle as lions hunting prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They were as swift as gazelles on the mountains + +This hyperbole compares how swiftly these men were able to run with how swiftly gazelles are able to run over rugged mountain terrain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# gazelles + +These animals are similar to deer and can run quickly over rugged mountain terrain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/09.md b/1ch/12/09.md index b8f80d61cf..342f100bc8 100644 --- a/1ch/12/09.md +++ b/1ch/12/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] +This continues the list of the men from the tribe of Gad who joined David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# second ... third ... fourth ... fifth ... sixth ... seventh ... eighth ... ninth ... tenth ... eleventh -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **second ... eleventh** - This lists these men in order of leadership. AT: "2nd...3rd...4th...5th...6th...7th...8th...9th...10th...11th" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This lists these men in order of leadership. AT: "2nd ... 3rd ... 4th ... 5th ... 6th ... 7th ... 8th ... 9th ... 10th ... 11th" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/14.md b/1ch/12/14.md index 8c290e99ee..3632dd76bd 100644 --- a/1ch/12/14.md +++ b/1ch/12/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The least led a hundred -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This means that the smallest group of the army that a leader led was 100 men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the greatest led a thousand -* **The least led a hundred** - This means that the smallest group of the army that a leader lead was 100. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the greatest lead a thousand** - This means that the largest group of the army that a leader lead was 1,000. -* **first month** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]] +This means that the largest group of the army that a leader led was 1,000 men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# first month + +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. It is at the beginning of the spring season when the late rains come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# when it overflowed its banks + +"when the Jordan overflowed its banks" + +# chased away all those living in the valleys + +"they chased away all those living in the valleys" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/16.md b/1ch/12/16.md index fd91ed2ed4..ac2fbb4a31 100644 --- a/1ch/12/16.md +++ b/1ch/12/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# men of Benjamin and Judah -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +"men from the tribes of Benjamin and Judah" -## translationNotes +# may the God of our ancestors see -* **men of Benjamin and Judah** - AT: "men from the tribes of Benjamin and Judah" +What God will see may be supplied in translation. AT: "may the God of our ancestors see what you intend to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/18.md b/1ch/12/18.md index 4ac64775a2..e41fca574a 100644 --- a/1ch/12/18.md +++ b/1ch/12/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the Spirit came on Amasai -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] +The Spirit empowering Amasai is spoken of as if the Spirit came on him. AT: "the Spirit empowered Amasai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Amasai -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **the Spirit came on** - AT: "The Spirit gave him power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the thirty** - AT: "the 30 soldiers" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **We are yours, David. We are on your side, son of Jesse** - These phrases share similar meanings and are repeated to emphasize their commitment to follow David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the thirty + +"the 30 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# We are yours, David. We are on your side, son of Jesse + +These phrases share similar meanings. The idioms "we are yours" and "we are on your side" both mean that the men support David. AT: "We are devoted to you, David. We support you, son of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Peace, may peace be to whoever helps you + +Here the word "peace" refers to prosperity and well-being. The word is repeated to emphasize great prosperity. AT: "May whoever helps you greatly prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/19.md b/1ch/12/19.md index 532cb6647c..0b23ffbe02 100644 --- a/1ch/12/19.md +++ b/1ch/12/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# deserted to -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +"left their leaders to join" -## translationNotes +# He will desert to his master Saul -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **deserted to** - AT: "left their leaders to join" -* **over thousands of** - "over more than 1,000 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"He will stop fighting with us and fight for his master Saul" + +# Adnah, Jozabad, Jediael, Michael, Jozabad, Elihu, and Zillethai + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# captains over thousands of Manasseh + +This means that each of these men led groups of a thousand soldiers in the tribe of Manasseh. AT: "each a captain over 1,000 men in the tribe of Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/21.md b/1ch/12/21.md index 7c1cef34fa..859ffb1a74 100644 --- a/1ch/12/21.md +++ b/1ch/12/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the roving bands -* [[en:tw:commander]] +"the groups of robbers." This refers to groups of people who robbed people traveling through the countryside. -## translationNotes +# Day after day -* **roving bands** - AT: "groups of men who robbed people across the country" -* **Day after day** - AT: "Each day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **like the army of God** - This compares the size of David's army to the army of God's angels. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Each day" + +# a great army, like the army of God + +Possible meanings are 1) the phrase "like the army of God" means "like an army that God assembled" or 2) the word "God" is used as an idiom that refers to the great size of the army. AT: "a very large army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/23.md b/1ch/12/23.md index ed48ef4551..ab0a2ae39a 100644 --- a/1ch/12/23.md +++ b/1ch/12/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:Shield]] -* [[en:tw:Spear]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:wordofGod]] +This begins the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# to turn the kingdom of Saul over to him -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **to turn the kingdom of Saul over to him** - AT: "to give control of Saul's kingdom to David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **carried out Yahweh's word** - AT: "made Yahweh's word true" or "fulfilled Yahweh's word" -* **From Judah** - AT: "From the tribe of Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The men making David king in place of Saul is spoken of as if they gave possession of Saul's kingdom to David. AT: "to make David king in place of Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# carried out Yahweh's word + +"made Yahweh's word true" or "fulfilled Yahweh's word" + +# 6,800, armed for war + +"six thousand eight hundred, armed for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# From the Simeonites + +"From Simeon" or "From the tribe of Simeon" + +# 7,100 fighting men + +"seven thousand one hundred fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/26.md b/1ch/12/26.md index 3a6f6819e5..e99019e3cd 100644 --- a/1ch/12/26.md +++ b/1ch/12/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 4,600 fighting men -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +"four thousand six hundred fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jehoiada + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with him were 3,700 + +"with him were three thousand seven hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twenty-two leaders + +"22 leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/29.md b/1ch/12/29.md index 6e2b0aa387..94a324fdad 100644 --- a/1ch/12/29.md +++ b/1ch/12/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# From Benjamin, Saul's tribe -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **From Benjamin, Saul's tribe** - AT: "From Saul's tribe, the tribe of Benjamin" -* **half tribe** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:05:18]] +"From Benjamin, the tribe to which Saul belonged" + +# three thousand ... eighteen thousand + +"3,000 ... 18,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 20,800 fighting men + +"twenty thousand eight hundred fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# From the Ephraimites + +"From Ephraim" or "From the tribe of Ephraim" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/32.md b/1ch/12/32.md index 3b078c1c4b..94aae34265 100644 --- a/1ch/12/32.md +++ b/1ch/12/32.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# two hundred ... fifty thousand -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] +"200 ... 50,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who had understanding of the times + +Possible meanings are 1) these men knew the right time to act or 2) these men had a good understanding of current political events within Israel. + +# ready to give undivided loyalty + +It is implicit that they would give loyalty to David. AT: "ready to give undivided loyalty to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/34.md b/1ch/12/34.md index c4b59e111e..c65521cb6a 100644 --- a/1ch/12/34.md +++ b/1ch/12/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# one thousand ... thirty-seven thousand -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] +"1,000 ... 37,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# From the Danites + +"From Dan" or "From the tribe of Dan" + +# 28,600 men + +"twenty-eight thousand six hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/36.md b/1ch/12/36.md index e4d5594bac..0140484070 100644 --- a/1ch/12/36.md +++ b/1ch/12/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# forty thousand -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **armed with all kinds of weapons** - AT: "carrying all kinds of weapons" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"40,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the Reubenites, Gadites + +"Reuben, Gad" or "the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad" + +# 120,000 men + +"one hundred twenty thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/38.md b/1ch/12/38.md index 8c6507effb..7d7e33302d 100644 --- a/1ch/12/38.md +++ b/1ch/12/38.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# with firm intentions to make David king -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +"determined to make David king" -## translationNotes +# They were there with David -* **firm intentions** - AT: "plans" -* **equipped for battle** - AT: "with their weapons for battle" -* **three days** - "3 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **raisins** - These are dried grapes, a small fruit that grows on a vine (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +"These soldiers were there with David" + +# three days + +"3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Israel was celebrating + +The word "Israel" represents the people who make up the nation. AT: "the people of Israel were celebrating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/intro.md b/1ch/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..495d9c3667 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "[They] could use both the right hand and the left" ##### +These soldiers were very skilled. They were able to fight with either hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### King David ##### +This chapter records all those who supported David as king over Saul. The extent of this record shows that there was nearly universal support for David. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/01.md b/1ch/13/01.md index 5667076525..699f715b1b 100644 --- a/1ch/13/01.md +++ b/1ch/13/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the commanders of thousands and of hundreds -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# all the assembly of Israel -* **thousands and of hundreds** - The army had commanders who lead groups of soldiers of different sizes. AT: "more than 1,000 men and more than 100 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **they seemed right in the eyes of the people** - Here "eyes" represent the thoughts and opinions of the people. AT: "the people thought these were the right things to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to all of the Israelites who were assembled in this place. AT: "all of the Israelites who were assembled there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# if this comes from Yahweh our God + +This idiom means that this action is something that Yahweh approves. AT: "if this is something that Yahweh our God approves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Let them be told to join us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let messengers tell them to join us" or "Let them join us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they seemed right in the eyes of all the people + +Here the word "eyes" represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "all the people considered these things to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/05.md b/1ch/13/05.md index 4a8d5dfd38..9a3d185bd7 100644 --- a/1ch/13/05.md +++ b/1ch/13/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# David assembled all Israel together -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Here the word "all" is a generalization. The phrase means that David assembled people from all over Israel, not that he assembled every person in Israel. AT: "David assembled people together from all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# Lebo Hamath ... Kiriath Jearim ... Baalah -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Baalah** - This is another name for Kiriath Jearim. -* **who sits enthroned over the cherubim** - AT: "who rules from between the statues of winged creatures on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These are the names of places. "Baalah" is another name for Kiriath Jearim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# which belongs to Judah + +"which is in Judah" + +# to bring up from there the ark of God + +It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. AT: "to take to Jerusalem the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to bring up from there + +Jerusalem is higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. + +# which is called by Yahweh's name + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the idiom "called by ... name" refers to a person owning the thing. AT: "which belongs to Yahweh" or 2) the ark has Yahweh's name written on it. AT: "which bears Yahweh's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who sits enthroned over the cherubim + +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/07.md b/1ch/13/07.md index 5e35ec5da7..74527dacb9 100644 --- a/1ch/13/07.md +++ b/1ch/13/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Abinadab ... Uzzah and Ahio -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# David and all Israel -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **a new cart** - This is a wheeled vehicle pulled by an animal that has never been used before. -* **tambourines, cymbals** - instruments held by hand and shaken or hit to make noise (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +Here the word "all" is a generalization. AT: "David and all of the Israelites who were present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# singing with stringed instruments + +"singing while playing stringed instruments" + +# tambourines + +hand drums with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/09.md b/1ch/13/09.md index 5b44c24f0d..147b3378e4 100644 --- a/1ch/13/09.md +++ b/1ch/13/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Kidon, Uzzah -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the anger of Yahweh burned against Uzzah -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **the anger of Yahweh burned against Uzzah** - AT: "Yahweh was very angry with Uzzah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **before God** - AT: "in the presence of God" -* **David was angry** - David was angry at Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **to this day** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:04:42]] +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that burned the one with whom Yahweh is angry. AT: "Yahweh was very angry with Uzzah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before God + +"in the presence of God" + +# That place is called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People call that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Perez Uzzah + +This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, "The name 'Perez Uzzah' means 'the punishment of Uzzah.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to this day + +See how you translated this phrasein [1 Chronicles 4:43](../04/42.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/12.md b/1ch/13/12.md index ff2c9ea6ce..ea6934c415 100644 --- a/1ch/13/12.md +++ b/1ch/13/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# How can I bring the ark of God home to me? -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Obed Edom the Gittite -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **How can I bring the ark of God home with me?** - David is expressing his anger about Uzza's death when he was trying to get the ark back to his city. AT: "I cannot possibly bring the ark of God back to my city" or "Tell me what are the Laws about how to move the ark, I do not know how to do this" -* **three months** - "3 months" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the name of a man. A "Gittite" is a person from the city of Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in Obed Edom's household in his house + +"with Obed Edom's family in his house" + +# three months + +"3 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Yahweh blessed his house + +Here the word "house" is a metonym for his family. AT: "Yahweh blessed his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/intro.md b/1ch/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cca57a57a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ark of the covenant ##### +David tried to bring the ark to Jerusalem on an ox cart instead of being carried by priests as the law said to do. The ox stumbled and Uzzah touched the ark to keep it from falling and he immediately died because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/01.md b/1ch/14/01.md index 3b34a4106d..cc2ed0d789 100644 --- a/1ch/14/01.md +++ b/1ch/14/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Hiram -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# carpenters -* **Hiram** - This is the name of the king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **carpenters** - These are people whose job is to make things with wood. -* **masons** - These are people whose job is to make things with stone or brick. -* **established him as** - AT: "made him" -* **his kingdom was exalted on high for the sake of his people Israel** - AT: "Yahweh gave honor to David's kingdom to help the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These are people whose job is to make things with wood. + +# masons + +These are people whose job is to make things with stone or brick. + +# They built a house for him + +"The carpenters and masons built a house for David" + +# established him as + +"made him" + +# his kingdom was exalted on high + +The idiom "exalted on high" means that Yahweh had given great honor to David's kingdom. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh had exalted David's kingdom on high" or "Yahweh had given great honor to David's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the sake of his people Israel + +Here the word "his" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/03.md b/1ch/14/03.md index 3cb6b90eec..3fb5f4a423 100644 --- a/1ch/14/03.md +++ b/1ch/14/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the children who were born to him -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +"the children whom his wives bore for him" -## translationNotes +# Shammua, Shobab, Nathan -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [1 Chronicles 3:5](../03/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ibhar, Elishua, Elpelet, Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, Elishama, Beeliada, and Eliphelet + +These are the names of men. These names appear also in [1 Chronicles 3:6-8](../03/06.md), although there "Elpelet" is spelled "Eliphelet" and Beeliada is spelled "Eliada." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/08.md b/1ch/14/08.md index 54a7a9f3c9..0e77834210 100644 --- a/1ch/14/08.md +++ b/1ch/14/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# David had been anointed as king -* **David had been anointed as king over all Israel** - AT: "the people of Israel had anointed David as their king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Valley of Rephaim** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the elders of Israel had anointed David as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# went out against them + +It is implied that David led his army out to fight against them. AT: "led his army out to fight against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Valley of Rephaim + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/10.md b/1ch/14/10.md index 74937ee45e..25603c33fd 100644 --- a/1ch/14/10.md +++ b/1ch/14/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# give them to you -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +This idiom means that Yahweh will enable David to have victory over them. AT: "give you victory over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Baal Perazim -* **give them to you** - AT: "give you victory over them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Baal Perazim** - This is the name a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **by my hand** - This refers to David's resources. AT: "using my army" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **like a bursting flood of water** - The power and victory of David's army is compared to a bursting flood of water. AT: "easily" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **that they should be burned** - AT: "to burn their false gods" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is the name of a place. You may add a footnote that says, "The name 'Baal Perazim' means 'Lord of breaking through.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# God has burst through my enemies ... like a bursting flood of water + +David speaks of God easily defeating David's enemies as if God had burst through them, like a flood bursts through anything in its path. AT: "God has easily defeated my enemies ... like a flood easily bursts through everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# by my hand + +This refers to David's resources. AT: "using my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that they should be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to burn their false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/13.md b/1ch/14/13.md index c72b4b0d43..63258a2c3d 100644 --- a/1ch/14/13.md +++ b/1ch/14/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the valley -* [[en:tw:david]] +"the Valley of Rephaim" -## translationNotes +# attack their front -* **the valley** - "the Valley of Rephaim" -* **attack their front** - AT: "attack from the front" -* **circle around behind them and come on them through the balsam woods** - AT: "go through the forest of balsam trees and attack them from behind" -* **balsam** - This is a type of tree. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +"attack from the front" + +# circle around behind them and come on them through the balsam woods + +"go through the forest of balsam trees and attack them from behind" + +# balsam woods + +"Balsam" is a type of tree, and the "woods" describe many balsam trees growing together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/15.md b/1ch/14/15.md index 47706a2f88..9600f143fe 100644 --- a/1ch/14/15.md +++ b/1ch/14/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God continues his answer to David's question. -## translationNotes +# When you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops -* God continues his answer to David's question. -* **gone out before you** - AT: "gone out ahead of you to fight for you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Gezer** - This is the name of a town. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **David's fame went out into all lands** - AT: "People far away heard about David's victory over the Philistines" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. AT: "When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Gezer + +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# David's fame went out into all lands + +People in every land hearing of David's reputation is spoken of as if David's fame traveled to those lands. AT: "People far away heard about David's fame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/intro.md b/1ch/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..985329dc1e --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +David asked for help from God and because of this, God enabled him to defeat the Philistines when they tried to capture him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/01.md b/1ch/15/01.md index 23a48de9a3..25bf700323 100644 --- a/1ch/15/01.md +++ b/1ch/15/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# David built houses for himself ... He prepared -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It might be best to translate this so that the reader understands that David had other people do this for him. AT: "David had workers build houses for him ... He had them prepare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# they had been chosen by Yahweh -* **David built houses for himself** - AT: "The people built houses for David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **prepared a place** - AT: "commanded that a special place be made" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **assembled all Israel** - AT: "commanded that all the people of Israel should come together" -* **to bring up the ark** - AT: "to celebrate as the Levites carry the ark" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh had chosen them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# David assembled all Israel at Jerusalem + +Here the word "all" is a generalization. The phrase "all Israel" means that David assembled people from all over Israel, not that he assembled every person in Israel. AT: "David assembled at Jerusalem people from all over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/04.md b/1ch/15/04.md index 0d81bd9203..d63209783c 100644 --- a/1ch/15/04.md +++ b/1ch/15/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +This begins the list of the number of men whom David assembled from each of the Levite clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 120 men -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **relatives** - people who are part of the same family or tribe +"one hundred twenty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 220 men + +"two hundred twenty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/07.md b/1ch/15/07.md index 771b6e9d37..81304821c1 100644 --- a/1ch/15/07.md +++ b/1ch/15/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] +This continues the list of the number of men whom David assembled from each of the Levite clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/11.md b/1ch/15/11.md index f1bc1945e4..ac4a92fbc3 100644 --- a/1ch/15/11.md +++ b/1ch/15/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Place yourselves apart** - AT: "Commit yourselves to a time of special preparation." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I have prepared** - AT: "I have commanded the Levites to prepare" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +These are the names of men. See how you translated them in [1 Chronicles verses 5-6](./04.md) and [1 Chronicles verses 7-10](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/13.md b/1ch/15/13.md index 9d60e3fbcc..cfdfbbdf81 100644 --- a/1ch/15/13.md +++ b/1ch/15/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You did not carry it -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"You did not carry the ark" -## translationNotes +# broke out against us -* **carry it the first time** - AT: "carry the ark before" -* **broke out against us** - AT: "punished us" -* **Levites sanctified themselves to bring up** - AT: "Levites made themselves clean in order to carry" +The idiom to "break out against" means to act violently toward someone. AT: "acted violently toward us" or "attacked us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we did not seek him + +Here seeking Yahweh means to seek his counsel. AT: "we did not ask him for instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the rules given by the word of Yahweh + +The word "word" can be translated with a verb. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the rules that the word of Yahweh had given" or "the rules that Yahweh had spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/16.md b/1ch/15/16.md index 8b7a22e879..0330cdb2ea 100644 --- a/1ch/15/16.md +++ b/1ch/15/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] +This begins the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# cymbals -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **cymbals** - a musical instrument, two metal circles that are hit together to create noise (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **lifting up their voices** - AT: "singing" -* **Zechariah, son, and Jaaziel ** - son, Heb "ben" may be referring to a son, or there may be a name omitted in the text -* **second rank** - AT: "a lower position of power" or "2nd rank" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **gatekeepers** - people who guard gates +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# lifting up their voices + +This idiom means to sing loudly. AT: "singing loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# of second rank + +This likely means that these men served in lower positions and were assistants to Heman, Asaph, and Ethan. AT: "of 2nd rank" or "in lower position of power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Mikneiah, Obed Edom, and Jeiel, the gatekeepers + +The word "gatekeepers" refers to people who guard gates or entryways. Here it refers to guarding access to the ark of the covenant and applies to Obed Edom and Jeiel. AT: "Mikneiah, and the gatekeepers, Obed Edom and Jeiel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/19.md b/1ch/15/19.md index aedb7e3090..6c4ec648dc 100644 --- a/1ch/15/19.md +++ b/1ch/15/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] +This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were appointed -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Alamoth … Sheminith** - The meaning of these words is not clear but may refer to a style of music. -* **led the way** - AT: "led the other musicians" or "led the processional" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Levites appointed the musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Alamoth ... Sheminith + +The meaning of these words is not clear but may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# led the way + +"led the other musicians" or "led the processional" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/22.md b/1ch/15/22.md index 8c32bfa022..af8c5b2611 100644 --- a/1ch/15/22.md +++ b/1ch/15/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/25.md b/1ch/15/25.md index 779e178675..a5ca1c0ddf 100644 --- a/1ch/15/25.md +++ b/1ch/15/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the commanders over thousands -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Possible meanings are 1) the word "thousands" represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders and led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "thousands" does not represent an exact numbers but is the name of a large military division. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Obed Edom -* **over thousands** - AT: "of more than 1,000 men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Obed Edom** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/27.md b/1ch/15/27.md index d57e2cba1c..924e635d02 100644 --- a/1ch/15/27.md +++ b/1ch/15/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, as were the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, the leader of the song with the singers -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "David, the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, the leader of the song with the singers all wore fine linen robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# linen -* ** David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, as were the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, -* AT: "David, the Levites, and the singers all wore fine linen robes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **linen** - This is a type of smooth, strong cloth. -* **Kenaniah** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **So all Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of Yahweh** - AT: "So a great crowd of Israelites brought the ark of the covenant of Yahweh from the house of Obed Edom to Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **horns ... cymbals** - different types of musical instruments (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant + +# Kenaniah + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# So all Israel brought up the ark + +Here the word "all" is a generalization. AT: "So a great crowd of Israelites brought up the ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/29.md b/1ch/15/29.md index 9275dac95a..5003c2f75a 100644 --- a/1ch/15/29.md +++ b/1ch/15/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# as the ark of the covenant of Yahweh came to the city of David -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +"as the people brought the ark of the covenant of Yahweh to the city of David" -## translationNotes +# Michal -* **the ark of the covenant of Yahweh came to the city of David** - AT: "the people brought the ark of the covenant of Yahweh to the city of David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Michal** - This is the name of David's wife. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **despised him in her heart** - AT: "deeply disrespected him in her thinking" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is the name of David's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# she despised him in her heart + +Here "heart" represents thoughts or emotions. AT: "she despised him" or "she hated him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/intro.md b/1ch/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7651ba785c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapters 15 and 16 explain how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 5:5-15 because it contains a long list and instructions. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/01.md b/1ch/16/01.md index e982fc8580..ddf0bc51ee 100644 --- a/1ch/16/01.md +++ b/1ch/16/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "they" in these verses refers to the priests and Levites. -## translationNotes +# before God -* **They brought in the ark** - AT: "The Israelites brought in the ark" -* **loaf of bread** - one portion of baked, leavened bread -* **raisins ** - These are dried grapes, a small fruit that grows on a vine. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +"to God" + +# When David had finished sacrificing the burnt offering and the fellowship offerings + +This is a metonym for David directing the priests, who performed the actual sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh + +To bless "in the name of Yahweh" means to bless with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He distributed to every Israelite + +This was done under David's authority and direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cake of raisins + +a baked sweet bread made with dried grapes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/04.md b/1ch/16/04.md index 8e8e6e7681..2ff0316d62 100644 --- a/1ch/16/04.md +++ b/1ch/16/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Zechariah, Jaaziel, Shemiramoth, Jehiel, Mattithiah, Eliab, Benaiah, Obed Edom, and Jeiel ... Benaiah and Jahaziel -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# second to him -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **cymbals ... horns** - different types of musical instruments (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +This means next to him in authority and position. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# cymbals + +These are two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/07.md b/1ch/16/07.md index 9ebb052be3..d49e1493ae 100644 --- a/1ch/16/07.md +++ b/1ch/16/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# on that day -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here "that day" refers to the day the ark of the covenant was moved from the house of Obed Edom to Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# song of thanksgiving -* **Then on that day** - This refers to the day the ark of the covenant was moved from the house of Obed Edom to Jerusalem. -* **song of thanksgiving** - AT: "song giving thanks" -* **call on his name** - AT: "pray to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"song of giving thanks" + +# call on his name + +Here "his name" represents Yahweh. AT: "call on Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations + +This refers to the people in the nations. AT: "the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/10.md b/1ch/16/10.md index 4505e7d52a..a80b69fbce 100644 --- a/1ch/16/10.md +++ b/1ch/16/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Boast in his holy name -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +Here "his holy name" represents Yahweh. AT: "Boast in who Yahweh is" or "Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice -* **in his holy name** - AT: "in who God is" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **let the heart of those who seek Yahweh** - AT: "Those who want to know Yahweh better" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Seek Yahweh and his strength; seek his presence continually** - These phrases share similar meanings and are used for emphasis. AT: "Seek Yahweh and his power; seek to be near him always" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +- Here "the heart" represents the person who seeks Yahweh. AT: "let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Seek Yahweh and his strength + +To "seek Yahweh's strength" means to ask him to strengthen you. AT: "Seek Yahweh and ask him to give you his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# seek his presence continually + +"seek to be near him always" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/12.md b/1ch/16/12.md index ce443eff24..3fed54f489 100644 --- a/1ch/16/12.md +++ b/1ch/16/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Recall -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Remember" -## translationNotes +# his miracles and -* **Recall the marvelous things** - AT: "Remember the wonderful things" -* **from his mouth** - AT: "that he spoke" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you descendants of Israel his servant, you people of Jacob, his chosen ones** - These phrases share similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **His decrees are on all the earth** - AT: "His laws are for all the people of the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "remember his miracles and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# decrees from his mouth + +Here "mouth" refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. AT: "decrees that he has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you descendants of Israel his servant, you people of Jacob, his chosen ones + +These phrases share similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# His decrees are on all the earth + +Here "all the earth" refers to all the people of the earth. AT: "His laws are for all the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/15.md b/1ch/16/15.md index 82f4371f32..b9d85e9f38 100644 --- a/1ch/16/15.md +++ b/1ch/16/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Keep his covenant ... for a thousand generations -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. Here "word" refers to the covenant. AT: "Keep his covenant in mind forever, the promise that he made for a thousand generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Keep his covenant in mind -* **Keep his covenant in mind** - AT: "Remember the covenant of Yahweh" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a thousand generations** - "1,000 generations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **He calls to mind** - AT: "Yahweh remembers" -* **as your share** - "as your part" +This means to remember and think about his covenant. AT: "Remember his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a thousand generations + +"1,000 generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He calls to mind + +The phrase "calls to mind" means to remember something. AT: "He remembers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the covenant that he made with Abraham, and his oath to Isaac + +Both "the covenant" and "the oath" refer to the same promise that Yahweh made to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his oath to Isaac + +This refers to the oath that he had previously made to Issac. AT: "his oath that he made to Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# as your share + +"as your part" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/19.md b/1ch/16/19.md index 67f54f366b..ebe215f68f 100644 --- a/1ch/16/19.md +++ b/1ch/16/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +The words "you," "they," "them," and "their" in these verses refer to Israel. -## translationNotes +# strangers in the land -* **I said this when you were only few in number, so very few** - AT: "Yahweh said this when the Israelites were a very small group of people" -* **strangers in the land** - "foreigners in the land" -* **from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another** - These phrases share similar meanings and are use to emphasize how far the Israelites wandered. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **He did not allow** - "Yahweh did not permit" -* **for their sakes** - "for them" +It is implied that "the land" refers to Canaan. AT: "foreigners in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another + +These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# for their sakes + +"for their own well-being" + +# Do not touch my anointed ones + +Here "touch" means to harm. It is an exaggeration Yahweh used to strengthen his warning to not harm his people. AT: "Do not harm the people I have anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/23.md b/1ch/16/23.md index 629589c721..936e414f2c 100644 --- a/1ch/16/23.md +++ b/1ch/16/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# all the earth -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **all the earth** - Everything on earth brings glory to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **day after day** - AT: "every day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to the people of the earth. AT: "all you people who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# announce his salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated using the verb "save." AT: "announce that he has saved us" or "tell people that he is the one who saves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# day after day + +"every day" + +# Declare his glory among the nations + +"Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/25.md b/1ch/16/25.md index 2e350a84cd..c354e0c50d 100644 --- a/1ch/16/25.md +++ b/1ch/16/25.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:majesty|majesty]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly" or "Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# he is to be feared above all other gods -* **Splendor and majesty are in his presence** - AT: "Splendor and majesty are all around him." -* **Strength and joy are in his place.** - AT: "Yahweh clearly shows his power and joy." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "fear him above all other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Splendor and majesty are in his presence + +The author speaks as if splendor and majesty are people who can stand before a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in his presence + +"all around him" or "where he is" + +# Strength and joy are in his place + +The author speaks as if strength and joy are people who can be in Yahweh's sanctuary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in his place + +"in his temple" or "in his sanctuary" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/28.md b/1ch/16/28.md index 541ebee0d1..de9b08a3d2 100644 --- a/1ch/16/28.md +++ b/1ch/16/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Ascribe to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] +"Give praise to Yahweh" or "Praise Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength -* **Ascribe to Yahweh** - AT: "Give praise to Yahweh for..." -* **due his name** - AT: "he deserves or he is worthy to receive (See: [[ -* en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The abstract nouns "glory" and "strength" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves + +The abstract noun "glory" can be stated as a verb or adjective. AT: "Glorify Yahweh just as his name deserves" or "Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his name deserves + +Here "his name" refers to the person of God. AT: "due to him" or "he deserves" or "he is worthy to receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bow down to Yahweh + +The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. AT: "Bow down to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in the splendor of holiness + +The abstract nouns "splendor" and "holiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "because he is gloriously beautiful and holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/30.md b/1ch/16/30.md index 3c9f0978dc..ed80839901 100644 --- a/1ch/16/30.md +++ b/1ch/16/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Tremble -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +to shake because of fear -## translationNotes +# all the earth -* **Tremble before him** - AT: "Show respectful fear at the thought of Him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice** - AT: "Let everyone everywhere be glad." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +This is a metonym for all the people who live on the earth. AT: "all the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice + +Possible meanings are 1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. AT: "Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices" or 2) "the heavens" and "the earth" are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. AT: "Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/32.md b/1ch/16/32.md index e01a11eb3e..d679dd7c6b 100644 --- a/1ch/16/32.md +++ b/1ch/16/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that which fills it shout with joy -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. AT: "the sea creatures shout joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Let the fields be joyful, and all that is in them -* **Let the sea roar** - AT: "The sea will make a very loud shout". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **that which fills it ** - AT: "the sea creatures" +"Let the fields and all that is in them be joyful." The author speaks as if the fields and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. AT: "Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# let the trees in the forest shout for joy + +This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/34.md b/1ch/16/34.md index b97b34d56a..db648a6fe2 100644 --- a/1ch/16/34.md +++ b/1ch/16/34.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "for he faithfully loves us forever" or "for he is faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# from the other nations -* There are no notes for this passage. +Here "the other nations" represents the people in those nations. AT: "from the people of other nations" or "from the armies of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# give thanks to your holy name + +Here Yahweh is referred to by his "holy name." AT: "give thanks to you" or "give thanks to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/36.md b/1ch/16/36.md index 05f4cfa3d8..67c6102a8e 100644 --- a/1ch/16/36.md +++ b/1ch/16/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# from everlasting to everlasting -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:amen|amen, truly]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] +This refers to two extremes and means for all time. AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# All the people -* **from everlasting to everlasting** - AT: "forever" -* **All the people** - AT: "The people" or "Everyone who is there" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This is a generalization that refers to the group of people assembled to worship Yahweh. AT: "The people" or "Everyone who was there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/37.md b/1ch/16/37.md index 02a5bff3b1..e7203ac9ae 100644 --- a/1ch/16/37.md +++ b/1ch/16/37.md @@ -1,28 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his brothers -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees]] -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon|Gibeon, Gibeonite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] -* [[en:tw:zadok|Zadok]] +"his relatives" -## translationNotes +# as every day's work required -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **as every day’s work required** - AT: "as was required everyday in the Mosaic Law" -* **to serve before the tabernacle** - AT: "to serve in or near the tabernacle" +The implied information is that they were to perform the daily duties that were given in the law of Yahweh. AT: "as was required every day by the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Obed Edom ... Jeduthun ... Hosah + +These were the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# sixty-eight relatives + +"68 relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to serve before the tabernacle + +"to serve at the tabernacle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/40.md b/1ch/16/40.md index 132d73ddc3..841a516cfd 100644 --- a/1ch/16/40.md +++ b/1ch/16/40.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The words "They" and "them" in these verses refer to the priests. -## translationNotes +# continually -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **They** - This refers to the men in verses 37-39. +"every day," + +# Heman and Jeduthun + +These were the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/42.md b/1ch/16/42.md index 750588d12c..cb89165b06 100644 --- a/1ch/16/42.md +++ b/1ch/16/42.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# cymbals -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:household|household]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:sacred|sacred]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet]] +These are two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# guarded the gate -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +The implied information is that they were to guard the entrance to the tabernacle. AT: "guarded the tabernacle gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/intro.md b/1ch/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7e6526868c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapters 15 and 16 tell how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 16:8-36 because it is a psalm or song. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's psalm ##### +As David organized the priests in their work in the tent, he wrote a psalm of praise to Yahweh. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/01.md b/1ch/17/01.md index 2e58ae4679..80a3f29dff 100644 --- a/1ch/17/01.md +++ b/1ch/17/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees, ark of the testimony, ark of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cedar|cedar]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:nathan|Nathan]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# settled -* **settled** - to be comfortable and happy, without the desire to move or change. -* **a house of cedar** - The wood from cedar trees was considered the best wood for construction. -* **Do all that is within your heart** - David is referred to by the part of the body associated with emotions. AT: "do what you would like to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **God is with you** - Being in agreement with God is like working together with him because God will help you succeed. AT: "God agrees with what you want to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +to be comfortable and happy, without the desire to move or change + +# I am living in a house of cedar + +Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. AT: "I am living in a strong, permanent house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the ark of the covenant of Yahweh is staying under a tent + +Tents are temporary dwellings. If you do not have tents in your culture, you can word this differently. AT: "the ark of the covenant of Yahweh is staying in a temporary place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# do what is in your heart + +Here "heart" represents the mind. AT: "do what you think you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God is with you + +Here "with you" means God is helping and blessing David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/03.md b/1ch/17/03.md index bf4ba472f0..0c15db2246 100644 --- a/1ch/17/03.md +++ b/1ch/17/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of God came to Nathan, saying, -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +The idiom "the word of God came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "God gave a message to Nathan. He said," or "God spoke this message to Nathan:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# saying, "Go and tell David my servant, 'This is what Yahweh says: You will not build me a house in which to live -* **the word of God came to Nathan and said** - AT: "God spoke to Nathan and said" -* **that I brought up Israel** - AT: "that I brought the Israelites to the promised land from the land of Egypt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **a tent, a tabernacle** - Both the words "tent" and "tabernacle" describe the same thing. They are used together to be specific. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **"Why have you not built me a house of cedar?"** - AT: "You should have built me a house with expensive wood." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate them as indirect quotations. AT: "saying, 'Go and tell David my servant that he will not be the one to build a house in which I will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# build me a house + +Here "house" means a temple. In [1 Chronicles 17:10](./09.md) Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There "house" means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 17:10. + +# that I brought up Israel + +The implied information is that this refers to God bringing up Israel out of the land of Egypt. AT: "that I brought the Israelites to the promised land from the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a tent, a tabernacle + +Both the words "tent" and "tabernacle" describe the same thing and emphasize that he had lived in a place that was not a permanent building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# did I ever say anything to any of Israel's leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people, saying, "Why have you not built me a house of cedar?" + +This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "did I ever ask any of Israel's leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people, why they had not built me a house of cedar?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# did I ever say anything to any of Israel's leaders + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel's leaders to build him a house. AT: "I never said anything to any of Israel's leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# whom I appointed to shepherd my people + +Those who are leaders of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people were sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why have you not built me a house of cedar? + +If Yahweh had asked the leaders this question, he would have been using a question to scold them for not building him a house of cedar. But, Yahweh said previously that he did not ask them this question. AT: "You should have built me a house of cedar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/07.md b/1ch/17/07.md index f1226f12c1..2450c416c0 100644 --- a/1ch/17/07.md +++ b/1ch/17/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers, rule]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Yahweh describes his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **I took you from the pasture** - David's job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. AT: "I took you from your job as a shepherd" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **pasture** - See how you translated this word in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:04:39]]. +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# tell my servant David + +Yahweh is still telling the prophet Nathan what he should tell David. + +# I took you from the pasture + +David's job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. AT: "I took you from your job as a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pasture + +This is an area of land where animals feed on the grass. See how you translated this word in [1 Chronicles 4:39 and 4:40](../04/39.md). + +# I have been with you + +Here "with you" means that Yahweh has helped and blessed David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cut off all your enemies + +Yahweh destroying David's enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make you a name + +Here "name" represents a person's reputation. AT: "I will make your name to be great and well known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the great ones + +The phrase "great ones" means famous persons. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/09.md b/1ch/17/09.md index 357cc327f0..c8bfba9c15 100644 --- a/1ch/17/09.md +++ b/1ch/17/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression, oppressor]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +God continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* God continues to speak the message Nathan is supposed to give to David. -* **will plant them there** - God refers to putting Israel in the promised land like a plant he has put in the ground. AT: "I will settle them there" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **from the days that I commanded** - A time period of many generations is referred to by days. AT: "when I commanded" or "from the generations that I commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **to be over my people Israel** - To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. AT: "to command my people Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **all your enemies...I tell you** - The words "your" and "you" refer to David. -* **subdue** - to make a person or animal unable to attack. -* **will build you a house** - Yahweh refers to giving David many descendants to rule over Israel as building him a house. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The words "your" and "you" in these verses refer to David. + +# I will appoint a place + +"I will choose a place" + +# will plant them there + +God causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land. AT: "I will settle them there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be troubled no more + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever trouble them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the days + +Here "days" represents a longer period of time. AT: "from the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I commanded judges + +After the people of Israel entered the land of Canaan and before they had kings to rule them, God appointed leaders called "judges" to lead them in times of trouble. + +# to be over my people Israel + +To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. AT: "to rule my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# subdue + +to make a person or animal unable to attack + +# build you a house + +Here the metonym "house" refers to David's ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [1 Chronicles 17:4](./03.md) God told David he would not be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There "house" represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 17:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/11.md b/1ch/17/11.md index e7f96f24a5..8466a41a7b 100644 --- a/1ch/17/11.md +++ b/1ch/17/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill|fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] +Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -## translationNotes +# It will come about -* **when your days are fulfilled** - Life is referred to as a certain number of days. AT: "when you die" (See: [[ -* en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **go to your fathers** - This phrase refers to death as a place where David's ancestors are because they are already dead. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will raise up your descendant** - To put someone in leadership is referred to as raising them higher. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will establish his throne** - The right to rule as king is described by the place where a king sits. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"It will happen" + +# when your days are fulfilled for you to go to your fathers + +The two phrases "when your days are fulfilled" and "go to your fathers" have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I will raise up your descendant after you + +God appointing David's descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will establish his throne forever + +The right to rule as king is described by the place where a king sits. AT: "I will make his rule over Israel to last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/13.md b/1ch/17/13.md index b3444c53df..d1a69c7175 100644 --- a/1ch/17/13.md +++ b/1ch/17/13.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:nathan|Nathan]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] +Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -## translationNotes +# I will be a father to him, and he will be my son -* **and his throne** - A king's right to rule is referred to by the place a king sits. AT: "and his right to rule" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **reported to him** - "told him" +The prophecy in 17:11-14 refers to Solomon, David's son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words "father" and "son" with your normal words for a biological father and son. + +# I will not take my covenant faithfulness away from him, as I took it from Saul + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as "faithfully." AT: "I will never stop faithfully loving him, as I stopped loving Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will set him over my house and in my kingdom forever, and his throne will be established forever + +These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that David's dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his throne will be established forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will establish his throne forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his throne + +A king's right to rule is referred to by the place a king sits. AT: "his right to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# reported to him + +"told him" + +# all these words + +Here "words" represents what Yahweh said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/16.md b/1ch/17/16.md index cf73d8ab68..1915b46ce2 100644 --- a/1ch/17/16.md +++ b/1ch/17/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# he said -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"David said" -## translationNotes +# Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family, that you have brought me to this point? -* **he said** - "David said" -* **Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point?** - David asks this question to express his gratitude that God has chosen to bless him even though he does not deserve it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **And this was a small thing** - Something that is not important is described as being small. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in your sight** - Yahweh's sight is used to refer to his understanding. AT: "to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **What more can I, David, say to you?** - David uses this question to express that he cannot fully express his thankfulness to God. AT: "If I could say more to express my gratitude then I would but I do not know what else to say. " (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **your servant** - David refers to himself as Yahweh's servant. -* **You have honored your servant. You have given your servant special recognition** - Both of these phrases have the same meaning. If your language only has one way to express "honor" and "recognition" then this can be translated as one phrase. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +- David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh's proclamation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this was a small thing + +Something that is not important is described as being small. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in your sight + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your servant's family + +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be stated in first person. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# for a great while to come + +This speaks about time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "and what will happen to them in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What more can I, David, say to you? + +David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. AT: "There is nothing more I can say to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your servant + +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be stated in first person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# You have honored your servant. You have given your servant special recognition + +These two phrases have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You have given your servant special recognition + +The abstract noun "recognition" can be translated using the verb "recognize." AT: "You have recognized your servant in a special way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/19.md b/1ch/17/19.md index a2424bb3b1..59ba419a06 100644 --- a/1ch/17/19.md +++ b/1ch/17/19.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:awe|awe, awesome]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +David continues to speak to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# your servant's sake -* **your servant’s sake** - AT: "my benefit" -* **you rescued from Egypt** - AT: "rescued from slavery in Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **great and awesome deeds** - Both the words "great" and "awesome" are used to express the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be stated in first person. AT: "my sake" or "my benefit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# to fulfill your own purpose + +"to accomplish what you planned to do" + +# there is none like you, and there is no God besides you + +These phrases have similar meaning and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# as we have always heard + +Here "we" refers to David and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# what nation on earth ... by great and awesome deeds? + +This question expects a negative answer to make the point that there was no other nation like Israel. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "there is no nation on earth ... by great and awesome deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you rescued from Egypt + +The implied information is that they were rescued from slavery. AT: "you rescued from slavery in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to make a name for yourself + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "to make all people know who you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You drove out nations + +Here "nations" represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/22.md b/1ch/17/22.md index 283dd4293c..f56e144ef8 100644 --- a/1ch/17/22.md +++ b/1ch/17/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +David continues to speak to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# So now -* **be established forever** - AT: "continue forever" +Here "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# may the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your servant and his family + +David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. AT: "me and my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# May your name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of me, David, your servant + +Here "house" represents family. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is established before you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "is secure because of you" or "continues because of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/25.md b/1ch/17/25.md index f483f419f7..800a4cccf5 100644 --- a/1ch/17/25.md +++ b/1ch/17/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:courage]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +David continues to speak to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# your servant -* **will build him a house** - To have children and develop a large family is described as building a house. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **have found courage** - AT: "become courageous enough" -* **blessed it, and it will be blessed forever** - Means the same thing, repeated here for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be expressed in the first person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# that you will build him a house + +Here the metonym "house" refers to David's ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [1 Chronicles 17:4](./03.md) Yahweh tells David he would not be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There "house" represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 17:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I, your servant, have found courage + +The abstract noun "courage" can be expressed here as the verb "encouraged." AT: "I, your servant, am encouraged" + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# your servant's house + +David speaks of himself in the third person. This can be expressed in the first person. AT: "my house" or "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# You, Yahweh, have blessed it, and it will be blessed forever + +These two phrases have about the same meaning and are repeated here for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# it will be blessed forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will continue to bless it forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/intro.md b/1ch/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d2b08d495 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Building the temple ##### +David wanted to build a temple for God but God would not allow him to. Instead he promised that his son, Solomon, would build the temple and he promised David would have a descendant who would be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/01.md b/1ch/18/01.md index 17485dd3da..69649b08b2 100644 --- a/1ch/18/01.md +++ b/1ch/18/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# After this -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:gath|Gath]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] -* [[en:tw:tribute|tribute]] +"After God's promise to bless David" -## translationNotes +# it came about -* **After this** - "After God's promise to bless David" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/03.md b/1ch/18/03.md index 5edde00e39..2545e0401f 100644 --- a/1ch/18/03.md +++ b/1ch/18/03.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# David then defeated Hadadezer -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates|Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen|horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers, rule]] +Here David and Hadadezer are spoken of as if they were alone, but the reader should understand that these kings represent their armies that were with them. AT: "David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Hadadezer -* **Hadadezer** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zobah** - This is the name of a country. -* **a thousand chariots** - "a 1000 chariots" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **seven thousand horsemen** - These are soldiers who rode on horses. "7000 horsemen" -* **twenty thousand footmen** - These are soldiers who walked. "20,000 footmen" -* **hamstrung** - to cripple a person or animal by cutting the hamstring muscle on the back of the thigh. -* **reserved** - to keep for a special use. -* **a hundred chariots** - "a 100 chariots" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zobah + +This is the name of a country. + +# was traveling to establish his rule by the Euphrates River + +"was going to the Euphrates river to conquer people in that area" + +# a thousand chariots + +"1,000 chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seven thousand horsemen + +These are soldiers who rode on horses. "7,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twenty thousand footmen + +These are soldiers who walked. "20,000 footmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# hamstrung + +to partially cripple a person or animal by cutting the hamstring muscle on the back of the thigh + +# reserved + +to keep for a special use + +# a hundred chariots + +"100 chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/05.md b/1ch/18/05.md index 6686558eb9..e321d201bf 100644 --- a/1ch/18/05.md +++ b/1ch/18/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# killed twenty-two thousand -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:damascus|Damascus]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"killed 22,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# garrisons -* **killed twenty-two thousand** - two thousand** - "killed 22,000". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **garrisons** - groups of soldiers assigned to a particular area. +groups of soldiers assigned to particular areas + +# Yahweh gave victory to David + +"Yahweh caused David to be victorious" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/07.md b/1ch/18/07.md index 6490ac319b..7d420fcfb0 100644 --- a/1ch/18/07.md +++ b/1ch/18/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Hadadezer -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:shield|shield]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] +This was the king of Zobah. See how you translated his name in [1 Chronicles 18:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# that were on Hadadezer's servants -* **Hadadezer** - See how you translated his name in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:18:03]]. -* **Tibhath...Cun** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the bronze sea** - This a large bronze bowl, about 5 meters across, that was kept in the temple for ceremonial washing. +"that Hadadezar's servants carried" + +# Tebah ... Kun + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# very much bronze + +"a large quantity of bronze" + +# It was with this bronze that Solomon later made the bronze basin called "The Sea," the pillars, and the bronze equipment + +The writer adds this background information to explain what would happen to this bronze at a later time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the bronze basin called "The Sea," + +This a large bronze bowl, about 5 meters across, that was kept in the temple for ceremonial washing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/09.md b/1ch/18/09.md index 330be42b45..90c6b6f400 100644 --- a/1ch/18/09.md +++ b/1ch/18/09.md @@ -1,33 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Tou ... Hadoram -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite|Amalek, Amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate|dedicate, dedication]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:edom|Edom, Edomite, Idumea, Seir, Teman]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:hamath|Hamath, Lebo Hamath]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# fought against -* **Tou...Hadoram** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **fought against** - "been at war with" +"been at war with" + +# set these objects apart to Yahweh + +"decided that these objects would only be used to worship Yahweh" + +# he carried away from all the nations + +"David took from all the nations that he defeated" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/12.md b/1ch/18/12.md index 97779e9afe..a687c913dc 100644 --- a/1ch/18/12.md +++ b/1ch/18/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Abishai ... Zeruiah -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# eighteen thousand Edomites -* **Abishai...Zeruiah** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **18,000 Edomites ** - "eighteen thousand Edomites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Valley of Salt** - This is the name of a valley between Edom and Judah that was used as a battlefield. -* **garrisons** - groups of soldiers assigned to a particular area. -* **all the Edomites became David's servants.** - "the people of Edom were forced to accept David to be their king and to pay money to David's government every year." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"18,000 Edomites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Valley of Salt + +This is the name of a valley between Edom and Judah that was used as a battlefield. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/14.md b/1ch/18/14.md index 68446b66a5..d319f5afce 100644 --- a/1ch/18/14.md +++ b/1ch/18/14.md @@ -1,38 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# over all Israel -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abimelech|Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:administration]] -* [[en:tw:administration|administration, administrator]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:commander|commander]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat|Jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:scribe|scribe, expert in the Jewish law]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] -* [[en:tw:zadok|Zadok]] +"over all the Israelites" -## translationNotes +# he administered justice and righteousness to all his people -* **Zeruiah...Ahilud...Ahitub...Abiathar...Shavsha...Benaiah...Jehoiada** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **recorder** - the person who writes down details of special events. -* **Kerethites...Pelethites** - These are the names of people groups. +The abstract nouns "justice" and "righteousness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "he did what was just and right for all his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Zeruiah ... Ahilud ... Ahitub ... Abiathar ... Shavsha ... Benaiah ... Jehoiada + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# recorder + +the person who writes down details of special events + +# Ahimelech + +This spelling represents a correction of the spelling "Abimelech," which some versions follow. The corrected spelling makes this verse agree with [2 Samuel 8:17](../../2sa/08/15.md). + +# Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests + +Some versions correct this to say that Ahitub and Ahimelech were high priests. + +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +These are the names of foreign people groups who became David's bodyguards. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/intro.md b/1ch/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc0e312797 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's victories ##### +David conquered all kingdoms neighboring Israel. The gold, silver and bronze he received from these victories, he saved for building the temple. This may indicate that he believed that the victories were because of Yahweh and therefore the goods received in victory belonged to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/01.md b/1ch/19/01.md index f1be15ae35..bcb7759c0e 100644 --- a/1ch/19/01.md +++ b/1ch/19/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Nahash ... Hanun -* **Nahash...Hanun** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **I will show kindness...showed kindness** - AT: "I will be kind...was kind" -* **console** - "comfort" -* **"Do you really think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you?** - AT: "You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it?** - AT: "Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I will show kindness ... showed kindness + +The abstract noun "kindness" can be stated as an action. AT: "I will be kind ... was kind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# console + +"comfort" + +# Do you think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you? + +The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it? + +The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/04.md b/1ch/19/04.md index 729e930e7f..3791c86535 100644 --- a/1ch/19/04.md +++ b/1ch/19/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So Hanun seized -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] +Hanun did not do this personally, but ordered his men to do it. AT: "So Hanun's men seized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# garments -* **garments** - "clothes" -* **he sent to meet with them,** - "he sent some messengers to encourage them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **deeply ashamed** - Shame is described as deep to show that it has greatly affected them. AT: "very ashamed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"clothes" + +# he sent to meet with them + +"David sent some messengers to encourage them" + +# deeply ashamed + +In this idiom, shame is described as deep to show that it has greatly affected them. AT: "very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The king + +This refers to David. + +# then return + +"then return to Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/06.md b/1ch/19/06.md index b0fb7a214b..82100b2c7d 100644 --- a/1ch/19/06.md +++ b/1ch/19/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# saw that they had become a stench to David -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen|horsemen]] +The word "stench" refers to a bad smell. This describes the Ammonites as something unpleasant and unwanted. AT: "realized that they had become repulsive to David" or "realized that they had angered David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a thousand talents ... thirty-two thousand chariots -* **become a stench to David** - The word "stench" refers to a bad smell. This describes the Ammonites as something unpleasant and unwanted. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a thousand talents** - "1000 talents" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **talent** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **Naharaim...Maacah...Zobah...Medeba ** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"1,000 talents ... 32,000 talents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# talents + +a talent was approximately 33 kilograms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Naharaim ... Maacah ... Zobah ... Medeba + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# thirty-two thousand chariots + +It is not clear if the Ammonites paid the entire thousand talents to the king of Maacah, or if they paid him only a portion of that amount and gave the rest to the other cities that sent additional chariots and horsemen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/08.md b/1ch/19/08.md index f0d3b24dd6..2f627658ad 100644 --- a/1ch/19/08.md +++ b/1ch/19/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# heard of it -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] +"heard that the Ammonites were coming out for war" -## translationNotes +# to meet them -* There are no translation notes in this chunk. +"to fight against them" + +# at the city gate + +this refers to the gate of the Ammonite capital city + +# the kings who had come + +this refers to the Aramean kings that the Ammonites hired to help them fight Israel + +# by themselves in the field + +in the field outside the city, separate from the Ammonites \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/10.md b/1ch/19/10.md index 934ecb5b94..21f13d72bc 100644 --- a/1ch/19/10.md +++ b/1ch/19/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the battle lines ... put them into battle lines -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] +"the enemy soldiers lined up for battle ... arranged his soldiers in lines for battle" -## translationNotes +# Abishai -* **they were set out to fight** - "organized for battle" -* **Abishai** - this is the name of a man; David's brother (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of Joab's brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/12.md b/1ch/19/12.md index d460a68ae2..cbf8d1e1c0 100644 --- a/1ch/19/12.md +++ b/1ch/19/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Be strong ... show ourselves to be strong -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"Be brave ... behave bravely" -## translationNotes +# for our people and for the cities of our God -* **Be strong** - "Be brave" -* **let us show ourselves to be strong** - AT: "let us behave boldly". +"for the sake of our people and for the cities of our God" or "to protect our people and the cities of our God" + +# what is good in his eyes + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "what he considers to be good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/14.md b/1ch/19/14.md index 96f6e4448c..a7b27d120d 100644 --- a/1ch/19/14.md +++ b/1ch/19/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# advanced to the battle -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] +"moved forward to the battle" or "approached the enemy soldiers in the battle" -## translationNotes +# Then Joab returned ... and went back to Jerusalem -* **advanced to the battle** - AT: "moved forward to the battle" or "approached the enemy soldiers in the battle" +It does not appear that Joab and his soldiers continued to attack the Ammonites in their city. When the Ammonites went into their city, the battle ended and the Israelites returned home. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/16.md b/1ch/19/16.md index dcfc371bc5..11a39999f8 100644 --- a/1ch/19/16.md +++ b/1ch/19/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:commander|commander]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates|Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] +Verses 16-19 describes a second battle when the Arameans who fled from Joab in [1 Chronicles 19:15](./14.md) were reinforced by other Arameans and attacked Israel again. -## translationNotes +# the Arameans saw -* **the Arameans saw** - AT: "the Arameans understood" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **reinforcements** - "more soliders" -* **Shophach...Hadadezer** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **When David was told this** - AT: When his messengers told David this (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **arranged** - "organized" -* **they fought him** - AT: "the Arameans fought David and his soldiers" +What the Arameans understood is spoken of as what they saw. AT: "the Arameans understood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sent for reinforcements + +"requested more soliders" + +# Shophak ... Hadadezer + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When David was told this + +This can be stated in active form. AT: When David's messengers told him that a larger Aramean army was coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he gathered ... He arranged + +David did not do these things alone. His official and officers helped him. AT: "David and his officials gathered ... David and his officers arranged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all Israel + +This is a generalization. Not every person in Israel came to fight. AT: "a very large number of Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# arranged + +"organized" + +# they fought him + +Here "him" refers to David's soldiers, in addition to David. AT: "the Arameans fought David and his soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/18.md b/1ch/19/18.md index 8be119e566..3e79c19980 100644 --- a/1ch/19/18.md +++ b/1ch/19/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# killed seven thousand ... forty thousand -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh, dread]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] +" killed 7,000 ... 40,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# they were defeated by Israel -* **killed seven thousand** - " killed 7000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **forty thousand foot soldiers** - "40,000 foot soldiers" -* **Shophach...Hadadezer** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Israel had defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they made peace with David and served them + +They made the peace agreement with David as the king, and served the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/intro.md b/1ch/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ab90a831c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the beginning of the story about the war against the Ammonites. This story continues in the first part of the next chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Insults ##### + +The young king of Ammon insulted David when he had David's servants shaved and cut off their garments. Knowing David was going to attack him for this, he hired mercenaries from Aram to help him. Israel was able to defeat the Aramean mercenaries. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/20/01.md b/1ch/20/01.md index 96a2c4ea2e..2434b6f9ee 100644 --- a/1ch/20/01.md +++ b/1ch/20/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:rabbah]] -* [[en:tw:rabbah|Rabbah]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# at the time when kings normally go to war -* **devastated the land** - "destroyed the land" This refers to when an army will ruin the land where their enemies grow food. +This is background information from the author. It was harder to fight wars in the cold winter, so kings normally waited for spring to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# kings normally go to war ... Joab led the army into battle + +Here "kings" is a metonym that means the kings sent their armies into battle. Joab was the commander of David's army. AT: "kings normally send their armies to war ... Joab led David's army into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# devastated the land + +"destroyed the land." This refers to when an army will ruin the land where their enemies grow food. + +# He went and besieged Rabbah + +"He" refers to the soldiers as well as Joab. AT: "Joab and his soldiers surrounded Rabbah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/20/02.md b/1ch/20/02.md index b18130d06d..2ac2053c4b 100644 --- a/1ch/20/02.md +++ b/1ch/20/02.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# talent -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:crown|crown, to crown]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:labor|labor, laborer]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:precious|precious]] +A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## translationNotes +# The crown was set on David's head -* **talent** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **The crown was set on David’s head** - AT: "David's men placed the crown on his head" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **plunder** - valuable items taken in war. -* ** David required all the cities of the people** - The people are referred to by their city. AT: "David required all the peoples of the cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) David put the crown on his own head or 2) David's men placed the crown on his head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he brought out ... He brought out + +These two occurrences of "he" refer to David, but they also refer to David's soldiers who helped David do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# plunder + +valuable items taken in war + +# forced them to work with saws and iron picks and axes + +These terms describe difficult manual labor that the defeated people were forced to do. + +# David required all the cities of the people + +The people are referred to by their city. AT: "David required all the peoples of the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/20/04.md b/1ch/20/04.md index e963c584b3..e9296da9c2 100644 --- a/1ch/20/04.md +++ b/1ch/20/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:goliath]] -* [[en:tw:goliath|Goliath]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:spear|spear]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# there was a battle at Gezer with the Philistines -* **Gezer...Gob** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Sibbecai...Sippai...Elhanan...Jari...Lahmi** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Hushathite...Rephaim...Bethlehemite...Gittite** - These are the names of people groups. -* **subdued** - to control someone or something through the use of force. -* **staff** - a long and thin pole. -* **a weaver's rod** - a piece of wood used to stretch strings as the threads of a rug are weaved together around them. +"the Israelites battled the Philistines at Gezer" + +# Gezer ... Gob + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sibbekai ... Sippai ... Elhanan ... Jair ... Lahmi + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hushathite ... Rephaim ... Bethlehemite ... Gittite + +These are the names of people groups. + +# the Philistines were subdued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they subdued the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# subdued + +to control someone or something through the use of force. + +# staff + +a long and thin pole. + +# the staff of whose spear was like a weaver's beam + +A weaver's beam was a very large piece of wood used to stretch strings as the threads of a rug are weaved together around them. This means the handle of Lahmi's spear was very large. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/20/06.md b/1ch/20/06.md index a4d5cdba14..9991902d15 100644 --- a/1ch/20/06.md +++ b/1ch/20/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand, right hand, to hand over]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule, scoff at]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Rephaim -* **Rephaim** - This is the name given to a race of people who were very tall and strong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jehonadab...Shimmah** - These are the names of men. -* **they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers** - David and his soldiers are referred to by the part of their bodies used to hold a sword. AT: "David and his soldiers killed the descendants of the Rephaim" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is the name given to a race of people who were very tall and strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jehonadab ... Shimea + +These are the names of men. + +# These were descendants of the Rephaim of Gath + +Here "these" refer to Sippai in [1 Chronicles 20:4](./04.md), Lahmi in [1 Chronicles 20:5](./04.md), and the giant in verse 6. + +# they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers + +David and his soldiers are referred to by the part of their bodies used to hold a sword. This can be stated in active form. AT: "David and his soldiers killed the descendants of the Rephaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/20/intro.md b/1ch/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9e5a89be0e --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter ends the story of the war with Ammon and tells of giants being killed by David's soldiers. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "When kings normally go to war" ##### +It was advantageous for kings to go to war in the springtime. This was possibly due to the weather being neither too hot nor too cold. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "It came about" ##### +This is a phrase used to indicate the next event in a series. It can often be translated as "after," "then" or "next." +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/01.md b/1ch/21/01.md index 23e58b1a28..f5de8951fe 100644 --- a/1ch/21/01.md +++ b/1ch/21/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# An adversary arose against Israel -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Possible meanings of "adversary" are 1) this refers to Satan who decided to cause trouble for Israel or 2) this refers to an enemy army that began to threaten Israel. -## translationNotes +# incited -* **An adversary arose against Israel** - To become higher describes becoming more powerful. AT: "An enemy of Israel became more powerful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **incited** - To have caused someone to act. -* **from Beersheba to Dan** - The Israelites considered these two cities their most southern and most northern cities. David uses these cities to refer to all of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **a hundred times greater than it is** - Joab expresses the desire for an army the size of 100 armies to say he would like the army to have more soldiers and be more powerful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* ** But my lord king, do they not all serve my lord. Why does my lord want this? Why bring guilt on Israel?"** - AT: But my lord king, they all serve you already. My lord should not request this. You will only bring guilt on the people of Israel by your desire for military power." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Why does my Lord want this?** - The word "this" refers to David's plan to count all the men of Israel. +to have caused someone to act + +# count the people of Israel ... that I may know their number + +It is apparent from [1 Chronicles 21:5](./04.md) that David wanted to count only the men who were able to fight. + +# from Beersheba to Dan + +The Israelites considered these two cities their most southern and most northern cities. David uses these cities to refer to all of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# a hundred times greater than it is + +Joab expresses the desire for an army the size of 100 armies to say he would like the army to have more soldiers and be more powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# But my master the king, do they not all serve my master? Why does my master want this? Why bring guilt on Israel? + +Job uses these three rhetorical questions to tell David that the census was a bad idea. It appears that David was trusting the size of his army instead of trusting Yahweh, and thus making Israel guilty of sin. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. AT: But my master the king, they all serve you already. My master should not request this. You will only bring guilt on the people of Israel by trusting your military power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why does my master want this? + +The word "this" refers to David's plan to count all the men of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/04.md b/1ch/21/04.md index 511828f8c2..aa95090c71 100644 --- a/1ch/21/04.md +++ b/1ch/21/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the king's word was enforced against Joab -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"the command of the king prevailed despite Joab's objections" -## translationNotes +# So Joab left and went throughout all Israel -* **the king’s word was final** - This phrase refers to king David's order to be final because he would not change his order after it was given. AT: "the king's order was not going to change" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **men who drew the sword** - The soldiers in Israel are described by the action of pulling out a sword to fight with. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +It may be helpful to add the words "to count the people" to make the meaning clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# 1,100,000 men + +"one million, one hundred thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# men who drew the sword + +The soldiers in Israel are described by the action of pulling out a sword to fight with it. AT: "men who were prepared to serve as soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# 470,000 soldiers + +"four hundred seventy thousand soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/06.md b/1ch/21/06.md index d1ca3886a2..9ba5b3985d 100644 --- a/1ch/21/06.md +++ b/1ch/21/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But Levi and Benjamin were not counted among them +The Levites were supposed to lead worship and not to fight. It is unclear why Joab did not count Benjamin. This can be stated in active voice. AT: "But Joab did not count the men from the tribes of Levi and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the king's command had disgusted Joab -* **But Levi and Benjamin were not counted among them** - AT: "But Joab did not count the men from the tribes of Levi and Benjamin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **by this action** - "this action" refers to David's plan to count all the men of Israel who are able to fight. -* **take away your servant's guilt** - Forgiveness is described as having guilt taken away. AT: "forgive me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **your servant's guilt** - David refers to himself as God's servant. AT: "my guilt" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joab was offended by what David had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by this action + +Here "this action" refers to David's plan to count all the men of Israel who are able to fight. + +# so he attacked Israel + +The nature of this attack is not clear. It was apparently enough to cause David to realize that Yahweh was angry with him for counting the people. + +# take away your servant's guilt + +This is an idiom. Forgiveness is here spoken of as having guilt taken away. AT: "forgive me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your servant's guilt + +David refers to himself as God's servant. AT: "my guilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/09.md b/1ch/21/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4561e852c9..0000000000 --- a/1ch/21/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes in this chunk. diff --git a/1ch/21/11.md b/1ch/21/11.md index dca97475af..6b846bb0ba 100644 --- a/1ch/21/11.md +++ b/1ch/21/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# being caught by their swords -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +Here "their swords" represents death in battle. AT: "being killed by them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh's sword, that is, a plague in the land -* **being caught by their swords** - This phrase is a mild way to describe being killed by the enemy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Yahweh's sword** - This phrase describes Yahweh's method of killing by the tool a soldier would use to kill. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **destroying** - AT: "killing" +Here the plague is spoken of as Yahweh's sword because the "sword" is a metonym for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# destroying + +"killing" + +# I should take to the one who sent me + +The one who sent him was Yahweh. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "I should take to Yahweh who sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/13.md b/1ch/21/13.md index 440689283a..c96d2bff24 100644 --- a/1ch/21/13.md +++ b/1ch/21/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Let me fall into the hand of Yahweh rather than into the hand of man -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Here "hand" represents power to harm or punish Israel. AT: "Let me be punished by Yahweh, rather than be punished by people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Let me fall -* **I am in deep trouble** - AT: "I am in a great amount of trouble" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Let me fall into Yahweh's hands rather than into the hands of people, for his merciful actions are very great."** - AT: "Let me come under the control of Yahweh, rather than under the control of people, for Yahweh is very merciful." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and seventy thousand people died** - "and 70,000 people died" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **changed his mind** - To change a decision. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **draw back your hand** - Yahweh tells the destroying angel to stop killing the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the angel of Yahweh was standing** - The angel of Yahweh is described as something that would stand as a person would stand. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Ornan** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The people of Israel are the ones who would die from the plague, but David is personalizing this judgment as if he himself was being killed. + +# hand of man + +Here "man" is used in the generic sense of "people." + +# his merciful actions are very great + +"Yahweh is very merciful" + +# on Israel + +Here Israel is a metonym that represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seventy thousand people died + +"70,000 people died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# changed his mind about the harm + +Here "mind" represents his decision. AT: "decided not to destroy Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Enough! + +This exclamation means "You have killed enough people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# draw back your hand + +This is an idiom that means to stop doing something. AT: "do not kill attack the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ornan + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/16.md b/1ch/21/16.md index 2db88bd48b..c05f9dd936 100644 --- a/1ch/21/16.md +++ b/1ch/21/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# standing between earth and heaven -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] +This is symbolic language to indicate that the angel was sent from Yahweh in heaven to judge the people on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# having a drawn sword in his hand raised over Jerusalem -* **having a drawn sword in his hand** - AT: "ready to attack" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Is it not I that commanded that the army be numbered?** - AT: "I am the one who commanded that the army be numbered." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **But these sheep** - David describes the people of Israel as a type of animal that will trust and follow a leader. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **what have they done?** - AT: "They certainly have done nothing that deserves punishment." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The angel holding a sword in his hand is a symbolic action that shows he is ready to attack Jerusalem. This is symbolic, because the judgment was sickness. AT: "holding a sword in his hand as if ready to attack Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# clothed in sackcloth, lay facedown on the ground + +These were symbols of repentance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Is it not I that commanded that the army be numbered? + +David uses this question to emphasize that his is the one who sinned by counting the people. AT: "I am the one who commanded that the army be numbered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But these sheep + +David speaks of the people of Israel as if they were sheep, who are known for trusting and following their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what have they done? + +David uses this question to asks God not to punish the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "they certainly have done nothing that deserves punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Let your hand strike me and my family + +Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power to punish. AT: "Punish me and my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/18.md b/1ch/21/18.md index 9f2b1ddff4..eb08f226e3 100644 --- a/1ch/21/18.md +++ b/1ch/21/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# David should go up ... went up -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +This is a reference to elevation. This threshing floor which became the future site of the temple was the highest point in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Ornan -* **Ornan** - See how you translated his name in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:21:13]]. -* **as Gad instructed him to do in the name of Yahweh** - AT: "as Gad, speaking with Yahweh's authority, had told David to do." +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 21:15](./13.md). + +# as Gad instructed him to do in the name of Yahweh + +Speaking "in the name of Yahweh" means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. AT: "as Gad, speaking for Yahweh, instructed David to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hid themselves + +They were afraid of the angel. This can be made explicit. AT: "hid themselves because they were afraid of the angel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/21.md b/1ch/21/21.md index a33881936c..28de0a517b 100644 --- a/1ch/21/21.md +++ b/1ch/21/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# with his face to the ground -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] +This phrase describes that Ornan bowed far forward. To bow before someone is a way to show humility and respect. A deeper bow shows greater humility and respect. AT: "bowed very low to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# full price -* **with his face to the ground** - This phrase describes that Ornan bowed far forward. To bow before someone is a way to show humility and respect. A deeper bow shows greater humility and respect. -* **full price** - AT: "I will pay the full price this threshing floor is worth" +"I will pay the full price for what this threshing floor is worth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/23.md b/1ch/21/23.md index ff6ea58f3d..1c5ad2d77d 100644 --- a/1ch/21/23.md +++ b/1ch/21/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Take it as your own -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:thresh|thresh, threshing]] +This implies that David should take the land without paying for it. AT: "Take it as a gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# what is good in your sight -* **Take it as your own** - AT: "Take it as a gift" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **what is good in your sight** - David's understanding is described as his sight. AT: "what seems good to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **threshing sledges** - a wooden sled with rocks or metal fitted underneath, used to separate grain from its stalks by pulling it over wheat placed on the threashing floor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +David's understanding is described as his sight. AT: "whatever you decide to do with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# threshing sledges + +These are wooden sleds with rocks or metal fitted underneath, dragged by oxen over the grain on the threshing floor to separate the grain from its stalks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# full price + +See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 21:22](./21.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/25.md b/1ch/21/25.md index 80fd5fcce7..49f450c7e3 100644 --- a/1ch/21/25.md +++ b/1ch/21/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# six hundred shekels of gold -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"600 shekels of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# shekels -* **six hundred shekels of gold** - "600 shekels of gold" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **shekels** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **he called on Yahweh** - "he prayed to Yahweh for help" -* **the angel put his sword back into its sheath** - the angel put his sword back into its sheath AT: the angel stopped killing people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **sheath** - a cover for a sword or knife. +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# for the place + +"to buy the threshing floor" + +# He called on Yahweh + +"He prayed for help to Yahweh" + +# who answered him with fire from heaven on the altar for burnt offerings + +"who answered him by sending fire from heaven to the alter where David would offer the burnt offerings" + +# the angel put his sword back into its sheath + +The angel putting his sword back in the sheath is a symbolic action to show that he would not continue to kill the people. AT: the angel put his sword in its sheath to show that he would stop killing the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# sheath + +a cover for a sword or knife \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/28.md b/1ch/21/28.md index bdb25b6511..aa4ea115a1 100644 --- a/1ch/21/28.md +++ b/1ch/21/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ornan -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] +Translate his name as in [1 Chronicles 21:15](./13.md). -## translationNotes +# Now at that time ... the angel of Yahweh -* **Ornan** - See how you translated his name in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:21:13]]. -* **God's direction** - AT: God to tell him what he should do" -* **afraid of the sword of the angel of Yahweh** - AT: "afraid he would be killed by the angel of Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Verses 29-30 are background information to explain why David offered this sacrifice at the threshing floor instead of on the altar at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# to ask for God's direction + +"to ask God to tell him what he should do" + +# afraid of the sword of the angel of Yahweh + +Here "sword" represents being killed by the angel of Yahweh. AT: "afraid he would be killed by the angel of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/intro.md b/1ch/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3098c59881 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +To trust in one's own power instead of God's protection is a sin. David had been trusting God to protect him, but now he counted the men of military age so he could know the strength of his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/01.md b/1ch/22/01.md index ec0909fb4e..76ab942910 100644 --- a/1ch/22/01.md +++ b/1ch/22/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This is where -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +"This threshing floor is where" -## translationNotes +# stonecutters -* **stonecutters** - These are persons who gathered large stones and cut them to the correct size so builders could use the rocks in walls and buildings. +These are persons who gathered large stones and cut them to the correct size so builders could use the rocks in walls and buildings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/03.md b/1ch/22/03.md index 2bba0137ab..5da5641a89 100644 --- a/1ch/22/03.md +++ b/1ch/22/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# braces -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +"clamps" or "hinges." These are items that connect two things together. -## translationNotes +# more bronze than could be weighed -* **braces** - "clamps" or "hinges." This are items that connect two things together. -* **than could be weighed** - AT: "than anyone could weigh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **than could be counted** - AT: "than anyone could count" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the house that is to be built for Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh's house" or "the house that he will build for Yahweh" +This is an exaggeration to show that there was a very large quantity of bronze. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so much bronze that no one could weigh it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# more cedar trees than could be counted + +This is an exaggeration to show that there was a very large number of cedar trees. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so many cedar trees that no one could count them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# The Sidonians and the Tyrians brought too many cedar logs to David to count + +This is background information to explain who provided so many logs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the house that is to be built for Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the house that he will build for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that it will be famous and glorious in all other lands + +Here the word "lands" refers to the people who lived there. AT: "so that people in every other land will know about it and think that it is glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prepare for its building + +"prepare to build it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/06.md b/1ch/22/06.md index 8f3ff8147d..4e891d3387 100644 --- a/1ch/22/06.md +++ b/1ch/22/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# he called -* [[en:tw:bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +"David called" -## translationNotes +# commanded him to build ... my intention to build -* **he called** - "David called" -* **commanded him to build...my intention to build** - "commanded laborers to build... my plan was to hire laborers to build" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for the name of Yahweh my God** - AT: "to honor Yahweh my God" -* **You have shed much blood** - AT: "you have killed many people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **You will not build a house for my name** - AT: "You will not build a temple to honor me" -* **because you have shed much blood on the earth in my sight** - AT: "because I know that you have killed many people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The readers should understand that David intended for laborers to do the actual work. AT: "commanded him to oversee the building of a house for Yahweh ... my plan to oversee the building of the house myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it was my intention + +"I intended" + +# to build a house myself + +The reflexive "myself" means that David originally planned to build the temple. AT: "that I would be the one to build the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# for the name of Yahweh my God + +Here "name" represents God's honor. AT: "in order to honor Yahweh my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# shed much blood + +Here the killing of people is spoken of as shedding their blood, where "blood" represents their lives. AT: "killed many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for my name + +Here "name" represents God's honor. AT: "to honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have shed ... in my sight + +Here "sight" refers to what God has seen. AT: "I have seen that you have shed much blood on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/09.md b/1ch/22/09.md index 3003ad2e93..6adaecb3fc 100644 --- a/1ch/22/09.md +++ b/1ch/22/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +David continues telling Solomon what Yahweh said to him. -## translationNotes +# be a peaceful man -* David continues telling Solomon what Yahweh said to him. -* **on every side** - This means in every place surrounding Israel. -* **in his days** - "while he rules over Israel" -* **a house for my name** - AT: "a temple to honor me” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He will be my son, and I will be his father** - God will treat Solomon as if he were God's own son. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel forever** - Here "throne" refers to the authority to rule as king. AT: "I will make his descendants rule over Israel forever" +"live at peace with everyone" + +# give him rest from all his enemies + +"cause there to be peace between him and all his enemies" + +# on every side + +This means in every place surrounding Israel. + +# For his name will be Solomon + +The name "Solomon" sounds like the Hebrew word for "peace." This can be made explicit. AT: "His name will be Solomon, which sounds like the word for peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in his days + +"while he rules" + +# a house for my name + +Here "name" refers to honor. AT: "a temple to honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will be my son, and I will be his father + +God will treat Solomon as if he were God's own son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel forever + +Here "throne" refers to the authority to rule as king. AT: "I will make his descendants rule over Israel forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/11.md b/1ch/22/11.md index 3e3ba5a787..c665ba1449 100644 --- a/1ch/22/11.md +++ b/1ch/22/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +David continues speaking to Solomon. -## translationNotes +# Now -* David continues speaking to Solomon. -* **Now** - David uses this word to introduce something important he is about to say. -* **May you build** - AT: "May you succeed in directing the building" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **when he places you in charge over Israel** - "when he makes you king of Israel" +David uses this word to introduce something important he is about to say. + +# May you build + +Solomon would not personally do the building, but he would direct others to do it. AT: "May you direct people to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when he places you in charge over Israel + +"when he makes you king of Israel" + +# Be strong and courageous ... Do not fear or be discouraged + +These two sentences mean the same thing, stated in different ways in order to emphasize that Solomon should not be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/14.md b/1ch/22/14.md index f4d115650f..449a656ff6 100644 --- a/1ch/22/14.md +++ b/1ch/22/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +David continues speaking to Solomon. -## translationNotes +# Now, see, at great -* David continues speaking to Solomon. -* **Now** - This introduces something important David is about to say. -* **talents** - A talent is a unit of weight. It is equal to 33 kilograms. (See: [[:En:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **one million** - "1,000,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The words "Now, see" introduce something important David is about to say. AT: "Listen! At great" + +# at great effort I have prepared + +"I have worked hard to prepare" + +# 100,000 talents + +"one hundred thousand talents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# talents + +A talent is a unit of weight. It is equal to 33 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# one million + +"1,000,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# You must add more to all this + +"You will need to increase that amount" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/15.md b/1ch/22/15.md index f73c64ced9..6772d253d6 100644 --- a/1ch/22/15.md +++ b/1ch/22/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +David continues speaking to Solomon. -## translationNotes +# stonecutters, masons -* David continues speaking to Solomon. -* **stonecutters, masons** - These are both workers who cut stone and prepare it for builders to use in walls and buildings. -* **carpenters** - These are persons who work with wood. +These are both workers who cut stone and prepare it for builders to use in walls and buildings. + +# carpenters + +These are persons who work with wood. + +# skillful craftsmen without number of every kind + +Here "without number" is an exaggeration to emphasize that there were a large number of them. AT: "a very large number of every kind of skillful craftsmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# may Yahweh be with you + +This is an idiom that implies that Yahweh will help Solomon be successful in the project. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/17.md b/1ch/22/17.md index d47c23d0e3..e51edd6d19 100644 --- a/1ch/22/17.md +++ b/1ch/22/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh your God is with you -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +This is an idiom that implies that Yahweh will help Israel to prosper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# your ... you -* **your...you** - These pronouns are plural in 22:18-19. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **has given you peace on every side** - "has given you peace from war in every place around Israel" -* **He has handed over to me the region's inhabitants** - AT: "He has given me power over everyone who lives around us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The region is subdued before Yahweh and his people** - AT: "Yahweh and his people control their land" -* **Now** - This word introduces something important that David is about to say. -* **all your heart and your soul** - "sincerely" or "wholeheartedly" -* **Get up and build the sanctuary** - AT: "Get up and direct the workers as they build the sanctuary" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **the house built for Yahweh's name** - AT: "the temple you will build to honor Yahweh" +These pronouns are plural in [1 Chronicles 22:18-19](./17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# has given you peace on every side + +"has caused all the nations who live around Israel to live peacefully with you" + +# He has given the region's inhabitants into my hand + +Here "hand" refers to power to defeat his enemies. AT: "He has given me power over everyone who lives around us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The region is subdued before Yahweh and his people + +This can be stated in active form. "The other nations no longer attack Yahweh and his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Now + +This word introduces something important that David is about to say. + +# seek Yahweh your God + +Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with all your heart and your soul + +Here "heart" and "soul" refer to the whole person. AT: "with your whole being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Get up and build the holy place + +It is understood that Solomon will not do the work personally, but he will direct others to do it. AT: "Get up and direct the workers as they build the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house built for Yahweh's name + +Here "name" refers to honor. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the temple you will build to honor Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/intro.md b/1ch/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d422fa671 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a new section lasting for the remainder of the book. David begins preparing the things needed for building the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Solomon ##### +In addition to preparing for the construction of the temple by gathering supplies, David also prepares his son, Solomon, to build the temple. David instructs Solomon to obey God. This is what is most necessary. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/01.md b/1ch/23/01.md index 2fe5a33106..63edf0ccd6 100644 --- a/1ch/23/01.md +++ b/1ch/23/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +David appoints Solomon as his successor and organizes Levitical priests and staff for temple service. -## translationNotes +# The Levites who were thirty years old and older were counted -* (David appoints Solomon as his successor and organizes Levitical priests and staff for temple service) -* **The Levites who were thirty years old and older were counted** - AT: "Some of David's men counted the Levites who were 30 years old and older" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They numbered thirty-eight thousand** - eight thousand** - AT: "There were 38,000" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Some of David's men counted the Levites who were 30 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They numbered thirty-eight thousand + +"There were 38,000 of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/04.md b/1ch/23/04.md index ce5a983cf4..2352dbd089 100644 --- a/1ch/23/04.md +++ b/1ch/23/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Of these, twenty-four thousand -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Of these Levities, 24,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# six thousand -* **Of these, twenty four thousand ** - AT: "Of these Levities, 24,000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **six thousand** - "6,000 Levites" -* **officers and judges** - These Levites listened to legal arguments and administered justice according to the Law of Moses. -* **four thousand** - "4,000 Levites" -* **gatekeepers** - These Levites guarded the temple entrance so no one unclean entered. -* **that corresponded to** - "based on" or "according to the descendants of" -* **Gershon, Kohath, and Merari** - These are names of Levi's sons. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"6,000 Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# officers and judges + +These Levites listened to legal arguments and administered justice according to the law of Moses. + +# four thousand + +"4,000 Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# gatekeepers + +These Levites guarded the temple entrance so no person who was ceremonially unclean entered. + +# that corresponded to + +"based on" or "according to the descendants of" + +# Gershon, Kohath, and Merari + +These are names of Levi's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/07.md b/1ch/23/07.md index 90950113bb..c512129456 100644 --- a/1ch/23/07.md +++ b/1ch/23/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] - -## translationNotes - -* This is the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/10.md b/1ch/23/10.md index 71c67bcf36..f47aef5fb6 100644 --- a/1ch/23/10.md +++ b/1ch/23/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# so they were considered as one clan -* This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **so they were considered as one clan** - AT: "so David considered them as one clan" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so David considered them to be one clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/12.md b/1ch/23/12.md index 4b0ac4dbe2..48d3abd634 100644 --- a/1ch/23/12.md +++ b/1ch/23/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:manofgod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# There were four of Kohath's sons -* This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **There were four of Kohath's sons** - AT: "Kohath had 4 sons" -* **Aaron and his descendants were chosen on a permanent basis to consecrate** - AT: "Yahweh chose Aaron and his descendants to purify" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to give blessings in his name forever** - AT: "to bless the people as representatives of God forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his sons were considered to be Levites** - AT: "his sons were a part of the Levite clan." The sons of Moses were Levites. +"Kohath had 4 sons" + +# Aaron was chosen to set apart the most holy things + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh chose Aaron to dedicate the most holy things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to give blessings in his name forever + +Here "in his name" refers to the authority to speak as his representative. AT: "to bless the people as representatives of God forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his sons were considered to be Levites + +The sons of Aaron were the most important Levite clan, but the sons of Moses were also considered to be Levites. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people considered Moses' sons to be part of the Levite clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/15.md b/1ch/23/15.md index d665104e3b..685e4e4093 100644 --- a/1ch/23/15.md +++ b/1ch/23/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/19.md b/1ch/23/19.md index bfcdd39961..dce1fb2c50 100644 --- a/1ch/23/19.md +++ b/1ch/23/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the oldest ... the second ... the third ... the fourth -* This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +It can be stated that these were all sons. AT: "the oldest son ... the second son ... the third son ... the fourth son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/21.md b/1ch/23/21.md index 11eb31c46f..685e4e4093 100644 --- a/1ch/23/21.md +++ b/1ch/23/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/24.md b/1ch/23/24.md index 0387b95c1a..edc64cee3a 100644 --- a/1ch/23/24.md +++ b/1ch/23/24.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# These were Levi's descendants corresponding to their clans. They were the leaders, counted and listed by name, of the clans -* [[en:tw:David]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "These were the names of Levi's descendants and their families, whom David's men counted and listed. They were the leaders of the clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# from twenty years old and upward -* **These were Levi's descendants corresponding to their clans. They were the leaders, counted and listed by name, of the clans** - AT: "These were the names of Levi's descendants and their families, whom David's men counted and listed. They were the leaders of the clans" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from twenty years old and upward** - AT: "from 20 years old and older" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **and all the equipment used in its service** - AT: "and all the equipment they used in its service" +"from 20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# has given rest + +Here "rest" refers to peace with surrounding nations. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 22:9](../22/09.md). + +# He makes his home in Jerusalem forever + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will be present in Jerusalem forever or 2) Yahweh's temple will be present in Jerusalem forever. + +# all the equipment used in its service + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the equipment they used in its service" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/27.md b/1ch/23/27.md index b724fa3aa4..a715741e2e 100644 --- a/1ch/23/27.md +++ b/1ch/23/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For by David's last words the Levites were counted -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For David's last command was for his men to count the Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# from twenty years old and upward -* **For by David's last words the Levites were counted** - AT: "For David's last command was for his men to count the Levites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from twenty years old and upward** - AT: "who were 20 years old and older" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **bread of the presence** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:09:30]]. -* **flour** - a powder that a person makes by grinding grain -* **the offerings mixed with oil** - AT: "the offerings that someone has mixed with oil" +"who were 20 years old and older." See how you translated this phrase in [1 Chronicles 23:24](./24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# bread of the presence + +See the Translation Word page about "bread" for the specific definition of "bread of the presence." See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 9:32](../09/30.md). + +# flour + +grain that is ground into a powder \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/30.md b/1ch/23/30.md index 1e182007e5..1f135d1eff 100644 --- a/1ch/23/30.md +++ b/1ch/23/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They also stood -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +"The Levites also stood at the temple" -## translationNotes +# whenever burnt offerings were offered to Yahweh -* **They also stood** - "The Levites also stood" -* **whenever burnt offerings were offered to Yahweh** - AT: "whenever the priests offered burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **new moon festivals** - These holidays marked the beginning of each new month. -* **A fixed number, assigned by decree, always had to be present before Yahweh** - AT: "It was the duty of a certain number of the Levites to always be present in making offerings to Yahweh" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whenever the priests offered burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# new moon festivals + +These holidays marked the beginning of each new month. + +# A fixed number, assigned by decree, always had to be present before Yahweh + +"A specific number of the Levites were always assigned to be present at the temple to make offerings to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/32.md b/1ch/23/32.md index e3af49a299..43d0136756 100644 --- a/1ch/23/32.md +++ b/1ch/23/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They were in charge of -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:houseofGod]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this verse. +"The Levites were responsible for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/intro.md b/1ch/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa44a969a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the construction of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 23:7-23 because they are long lists. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Organizing the Levites ##### +As priests, the Levites had a significant role in the construction of the temple. David organized the Levites according to their families and explained what each group was to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/01.md b/1ch/24/01.md index a66d522424..b23d0b5a3b 100644 --- a/1ch/24/01.md +++ b/1ch/24/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +This chapter describes how the Levites in the previous chapter were divided into work groups with different assignments. -## translationNotes +# Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar -* **Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:06:01]]. -* **Ahimelech** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **divided them into groups** - "divided the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar into groups" +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 6:3](../06/01.md). + +# Ahimelech + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# divided them into groups + +"divided the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar into groups" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/04.md b/1ch/24/04.md index 4e8b00c4bd..e6fd635a0a 100644 --- a/1ch/24/04.md +++ b/1ch/24/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they divided -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +"David, Zadok, and Ahimelech divided" -## translationNotes +# sixteen groups -* **they divided** - "David, Zadok, and Ahimelech divided" -* **sixteen groups** - "16 groups" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **These divisions were eight in number, corresponding to their clans** - "There were 8 divisions based on the clans of Ithamar's descendants" +"16 groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# heads of clans + +Here "heads" is a metaphor for the more important people—the leaders of the clans. AT: "leaders of the clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# These divisions were eight in number, corresponding to their clans + +"There were 8 divisions based on the clans of Ithamar's descendants" + +# They divided them impartially by lot + +They divided them by lot so that the divisions would be fair" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/06.md b/1ch/24/06.md index df84e82df0..f546ab41a5 100644 --- a/1ch/24/06.md +++ b/1ch/24/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Shemaiah -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Nethanel -* **Shemaiah** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Nethanel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:15:22]]. -* **Ahimelech** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:18:14]]. -* **One clan was drawn by lot from Eleazar's descendants, and then the next would be drawn from Ithamar's descendants** - AT: "They chose one by lot from Eleazar's descendants, then they would choose by lot one from Ithamar's descendants" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 15:24](../15/22.md). + +# Ahimelech + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 18:16](../18/14.md). + +# One clan was drawn by lot from Eleazar's descendants, and then the next would be drawn from Ithamar's descendants + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They chose one by lot from Eleazar's descendants, then they would choose by lot one from Ithamar's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/07.md b/1ch/24/07.md index e9ad13300e..6c2f70a726 100644 --- a/1ch/24/07.md +++ b/1ch/24/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abijah]] - -## translationNotes - -* This is the order of service that David, Zadok, and Ahimelech chose by lot for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the order of service for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/11.md b/1ch/24/11.md index 6e8a0493c5..6c2f70a726 100644 --- a/1ch/24/11.md +++ b/1ch/24/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* This is the order of service that David, Zadok, and Ahimelech chose by lot for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the order of service for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/15.md b/1ch/24/15.md index a4cec99d41..6c2f70a726 100644 --- a/1ch/24/15.md +++ b/1ch/24/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* This concludes the order of service that David, Zadok, and Ahimelech chose by lot for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the order of service for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/19.md b/1ch/24/19.md index 2fe5f13873..933c638dc4 100644 --- a/1ch/24/19.md +++ b/1ch/24/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# following the procedure given to them by Aaron their ancestor -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **following the procedure given to them by Aaron their ancestor** - AT: "following the rules that Aaron their ancestor gave them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "following the rules that Aaron their ancestor gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/20.md b/1ch/24/20.md index 6acfb9e8ca..a799514eeb 100644 --- a/1ch/24/20.md +++ b/1ch/24/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:levite]] +This begins the list of names of the other sons of Levi. This list will end in [1 Chronicles 24:30](./29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Amram -* This begins the list of names of the other sons of Levi. This list will end in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:24:29]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Amram** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:06:01]]. -* **Shebuel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:15]]. -* **Amram's descendants included Isshiah** - Amram was the father of Aaron, who was the father of Eleazar. Eleazar was the father of Rehabiah who was the father of Isshiah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Izhar's descendants** - Izhar was a son of Kohath. -* **Izhar ... Shelomith** - See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:15]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 6:3](../06/01.md). + +# Shubael + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 23:16](../23/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/23.md b/1ch/24/23.md index 92455c79ff..a36b9fb6b8 100644 --- a/1ch/24/23.md +++ b/1ch/24/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hebron ... Jeriah ... Amariah ... Jahaziel ... Jekameam -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 23:19](../23/19.md). -## translationNotes +# the second ... the third ... the fourth -* **Hebron's...Jeriah...Amariah...Jahaziel...Jekameam** - See how you translated the names of these men in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:19]]. -* **Uzziel...Micah...Isshiah** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:19]]. -* **Shamir...Zechariah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"the second son ... the third son ... the fourth son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Uzziel ... Micah ... Ishijah + +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 23:20](../23/19.md). + +# Shamir ... Zechariah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/26.md b/1ch/24/26.md index 6bd0c96a0e..5cef25ddf1 100644 --- a/1ch/24/26.md +++ b/1ch/24/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Merari ... Mahli ... Mushi ... Eleazar +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 23:21](../23/21.md). -## translationNotes +# Jaaziah ... Shoham ... Zaccur ... Ibri -* **Merari...Mahli...Mushi...Eleazar** - See how you translated the names of these men in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:21]]. -* **Jaaziah...Beno...Shoham...Zaccur...Ibri** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# from the son of Jaaziah: Beno ... from Jaaziah: Beno, Shoham + +It seems Jaaziah is another son of Merari. And, Beno is the son of Jaaziah. Beno is mentioned twice because he is a leader in his family. However, some Bibles translate "Beno" as "his son" rather than as a proper name. Those Bibles read like this: "and from his sons, Jaaziah, his son ... from Jaaziah, his son: Shoham." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/29.md b/1ch/24/29.md index a0b4c6b36b..6ba079b60a 100644 --- a/1ch/24/29.md +++ b/1ch/24/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# From Kish: The son of Kish -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +This is written in the text as a title, but could be stated in a more complete form. AT: "These are the sons who were descended from Kish" -## translationNotes +# Kish ... Mushi -* **Kish...Mushi** - See how you translated the names of these men in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:21]]. -* **Jerahmeel...Mahli...Eder...Jerimoth** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ahimelech** - See how you translated his name in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:18:14]]. +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 23:21](../23/21.md). + +# Jerahmeel ... Mahli ... Eder ... Jerimoth + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ahimelech + +Translate the name of this man as in [1 Chronicles 18:16](../18/14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/intro.md b/1ch/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..86ca8492cd --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 24:20-30 because they are long lists. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Arranging the priests ##### +David arranged for the order in which priests would be on duty. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/01.md b/1ch/25/01.md index def1e48159..8670f4db56 100644 --- a/1ch/25/01.md +++ b/1ch/25/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# this service -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the work done at the tabernacle" -## translationNotes +# cymbals -* **cymbals** - This is a type of musical instrument made from metal. -* **Heman ... Jeduthun** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:16:40]]. -* **Zaccur ... Mattithiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **six in all** - "6 in all" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This refers to two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the sons of Asaph, under the direction of Asaph, who prophesied under the king's supervision + +"these were the sons of Asaph, whom he supervised. Asaph prophesied under the king's supervision" + +# Heman ... Jeduthun + +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 16:41](../16/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zaccur, Joseph, Nethaniah, and Asharelah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gedaliah ... Zeri ... Jeshaiah ... Shimei ... Hashabiah ... Mattithiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# under the direction of + +"under the supervision of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/04.md b/1ch/25/04.md index 5cfd79c776..a09de10960 100644 --- a/1ch/25/04.md +++ b/1ch/25/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] +This continues the list of leaders of the tabernacle work which was started in [1 Chronicles 25:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# Bukkiah ... Mahazioth -* This continues the list of leaders of the tabernacle work started in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:01]]. -* **Bukkiah ... Mahazioth** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Heman** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:16:40]]. -* **fourteen sons and three daughters** - "14 sons and 3 daughters" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heman + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 16:41](../16/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fourteen sons and three daughters + +"14 sons and 3 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to honor him + +The word "him" refers to Heman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/06.md b/1ch/25/06.md index 8ae808bf6e..c93a1a19ae 100644 --- a/1ch/25/06.md +++ b/1ch/25/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# were under the direction of their fathers -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"were supervised by their fathers" -## translationNotes +# cymbals -* **Jeduthun and Heman** - See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:16:40]]. -* **numbered 288** - " were two hundred eighty-eight men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **all alike, the young as well as the old, the teacher as the student** - This is describing the extremes. AT: "all of them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +This refers to two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Jeduthun ... Heman + +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 16:41](../16/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# numbered 288 + +"were two hundred and eighty-eight men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# all alike, the same for the young as well as the old, the teacher as well as the student + +This refers to all of the men by describing the extremes. AT: "all of them, including the young men and the old men, the teachers and the students" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/09.md b/1ch/25/09.md index 2a19f30af7..d81ea186e7 100644 --- a/1ch/25/09.md +++ b/1ch/25/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This begins the list of 24 lots that were cast to choose the order in which families would serve. This list ends in [1 Chronicles 25:31](./29.md). -## translationNotes +# The first ... the second ... the third ... the fourth ... the fifth -* This begins the list of 24 lots that were cast to choose the order in which families would serve. This list ends in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:29]]. -* **the first ... fifth ** - This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 1...number 2...number 3...number 4...number 5" or use "the initial" for "the first" and "the next" for all of the following ones. (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Joseph...Zaccur...Nethaniah** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:01]]. -* **Gedaliah** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:01]]. -* **twelve persons** - "12 people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Izri** - This name is spelled Zeri in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:01]]. +"The 1st ... the 2nd ... the 3rd ... the 4th ... the fifth" or "number 1 ... number 2 ... number 3 ... number 4 ... number 5." This shows the order in which the families were chosen by lots. If this is unnatural in your language you may use "The initial" for "The first" and "the next" for all of the following ones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# The first lot fell to Joseph's family + +For all of the other people in the list, the text specifies that there were "twelve persons in number." Since this is implied, you may want to add this the statement about Joseph, as the UDB does. AT: "The first lot fell to Joseph's family, twelve persons in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Joseph ... Zaccur ... Nethaniah + +See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 25:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the second fell to + +This refers to the second lot. The word "lot" may be added here and to the phrases concerning the rest of the lots. AT: "the second lot fell to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Gedaliah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 25:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twelve persons + +"12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Izri + +This name is spelled Zeri in [1 Chronicles 25:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/13.md b/1ch/25/13.md index 631ccdd01e..ffc76e5233 100644 --- a/1ch/25/13.md +++ b/1ch/25/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This continues the list begun in [1 Chronicles 25:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# the sixth ... the ninth -* This continues the list begun in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:09]]. -* **sixth ... ninth** - This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 6...number 7...number 8...number 9" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Bukkiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. -* **twelve persons** - "12 people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jesharelah** - This is another spelling for "Asharelah" in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:01]]. -* **Jeshaiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:01]]. -* **Mattaniah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. +"the 6th ... the 7th ... the 8th ... the 9th" or "number 6 ... number 7 ... number 8 ... number 9." This shows the order in which the families were chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the sixth fell to + +This refers to the sixth lot. The word "lot" may be supplied here and to the phrases concerning the rest of the lots. AT: "the second lot fell to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Bukkiah ... Mattaniah + +See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twelve persons + +"12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jeshaiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 25:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/17.md b/1ch/25/17.md index f690945425..f844caa10e 100644 --- a/1ch/25/17.md +++ b/1ch/25/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:shimei]] +This continues the list begun in [1 Chronicles 25:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# the tenth ... the thirteenth -* This continues the list begun in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:09]]. -* **tenth ... thirteenth** - This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 10...number 11...number 12...number 13" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Shimei** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:01]]. -* **twelve persons** - "12 people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Azarel** - This is another spelling for "Uzziel" in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. -* **Hashabiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:01]]. -* **Shubael** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. +"the 10th ... the 11th ... the 12th ... the 13th" or "number 10 ... number 11 ... number 12 ... number 13." This shows the order in which the families were chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Shimei ... Hashabiah + +See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 25:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twelve persons + +"12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Shubael + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/21.md b/1ch/25/21.md index 4f894106f8..cc8c8291f8 100644 --- a/1ch/25/21.md +++ b/1ch/25/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This continues the list begun in [1 Chronicles 25:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# the fourteenth ... the seventeenth -* This continues the list begun in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:09]]. -* **fourtenth ... seventeenth** - This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 14...number 15...number 16...number 17" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Mattithiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:01]]. -* **twelve persons** - "12 people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jerimoth** - This is another spelling for "Uzziel" in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. -* **Hananiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. -* **Joshbekashah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. +"the 14th ... the 15th ... the 16th ... the 17th" or "number 14 ... number 15 ... number 16 ... number 17." This shows the order in which the families were chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Mattithiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 25:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twelve persons + +"12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jerimoth ... Hananiah ... Joshbekashah + +See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/25.md b/1ch/25/25.md index 19a55e9ff6..517e8d4be7 100644 --- a/1ch/25/25.md +++ b/1ch/25/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This continues the list begun in [1 Chronicles 25:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# the eighteenth ... the twenty-first -* This continues the list begun in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:09]]. -* **eighteenth ... twenty-first** - first** - This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 18...number 19...number 20...number 21" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Hanani** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. -* **twelve persons** - "12 people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Mallothi** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. -* **Eliathah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. -* **Hothir** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. +"the 18th ... the 19th ... the 20th ... the 21st" or "number 18 ... number 19 ... number 20 ... number 21." This shows the order in which the families were chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Hanani ... Mallothi ... Eliathah ... Hothir + +Translate the names of these men as you did in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). + +# twelve persons + +"12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/29.md b/1ch/25/29.md index c24e48b30d..c515fb901e 100644 --- a/1ch/25/29.md +++ b/1ch/25/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This concludes the list begun in [1 Chronicles 25:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# the twenty-second ... the twenty-fourth -* This concludes the list begun in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:09]]. -* **twenty-second ... twenty fourth** - second ... twenty fourth** - This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 22...number 23...number 24" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Giddalti** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. -* **twelve persons** - "12 people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Mahazioth** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. -* **Romamti Ezer** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:25:04]]. +"the 22nd ... the 23rd ... the 24th." or "number 22 ... number 23 ... number 24." This shows the order in which the families were chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Giddalti ... Mahazioth ... Romamti-Ezer + +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twelve persons + +"12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/intro.md b/1ch/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4e3ad0ebca --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Music ##### +The 24 groups who were chosen to play music in the temple cast lots to see in what order they would serve. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/01.md b/1ch/26/01.md index 7f9dc4bc5b..31ccde9197 100644 --- a/1ch/26/01.md +++ b/1ch/26/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] +This begins the list of the gatekeepers. -## translationNotes +# divisions -* This begins the list of the gatekeepers. -* **Korahites** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:09:17]]. -* **Meshelemiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:09:20]]. -* **Kore** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:09:17]]. -* **Asaph** - This is an alternative spelling to "Ebiasaph" in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:09:17]]. -* **Zechariah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:09:20]]. -* **Jediael...Zebadiah...Jathniel...Elam...Jehohanan...Eliehoenai** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the second … third … fourth … seventh** - This shows the order in which the sons were born. AT: "number 2...number 3...number 4...number 7" or "the next" for each one. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"groups" + +# Korahites + +See how you translated the name of this people group in [1 Chronicles 19:19](../09/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meshelemiah ... Zechariah + +See how you translated the name of these men in [1 Chronicles 9:21](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kore + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 9:19](../09/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Asaph + +This is an alternative spelling to "Ebiasaph" in [1 Chronicles 9:19](../09/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jediael ... Zebadiah ... Jathniel ... Elam ... Jehohanan ... Eliehoenai + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the second ... third ... fourth ... seventh + +"the 2nd ... the 3rd ... the 4th ... the 7th" or "number 2 ... number 3 ... number 4 ... number 7." This shows the order in which the sons were born. If it is more natural in your language, you may say "the next" for each son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/04.md b/1ch/26/04.md index a95753419d..bc61505743 100644 --- a/1ch/26/04.md +++ b/1ch/26/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +This continues the list of gatekeepers which started in [1 Chronicles 26:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# Obed Edom -* This continues the list of gatekeepers which started in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:26:01]]. -* **Obed Edom** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:16:37]]. -* **Shemaiah...Jehozabad...Joah...Sacar...Nethanel...Ammiel...Issachar...Peullethai** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the second … eighth** - This shows the order in which the sons were born. AT: "number 2...number 3...number 4...number 5...number 6...number 7...number 8" or "the next" for each one. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 16:38](../16/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shemaiah ... Jehozabad ... Joah ... Sakar ... Nethanel ... Ammiel ... Issachar ... Peullethai + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the second ... the third ... the fourth ... the eighth + +"the 2nd ... the 3rd ... the 4th ... the 8th" or "number 2 ... number 3 ... number 4 ... number 8." This shows the order in which the sons were born. If it is more natural in your language, you may say "the next" for each son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who ruled over their families + +"who were leaders in their father's family." This means that they were leaders among their clan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/07.md b/1ch/26/07.md index 323ba4e71d..dbc48d0ed4 100644 --- a/1ch/26/07.md +++ b/1ch/26/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:serve]] +This continues the list of gatekeepers which started in [1 Chronicles 26:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# Shemaiah ... Obed Edom -* This continues the list of gatekeepers which started in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:26:01]]. -* **Shemaiah...Obed Edom** - See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:26:04]]. -* **His relatives** - "Shemaiah's relatives" or "Shemaiah's family members" -* **Othni...Rephael...Obed...Elzabad...Elihu...Semachiah...Meshelemiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **sixty-two of them** - two of them** - "62 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **eighteen in all** - "18 total" +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 26:4-6](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Othni ... Rephael ... Obed ... Elzabad ... Elihu ... Semakiah ... Meshelemiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# His relatives + +"Shemaiah's relatives" or "Shemaiah's family members" + +# sixty-two of them + +"62 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# eighteen in all + +"18 total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/10.md b/1ch/26/10.md index cd5792e824..8c37e659cd 100644 --- a/1ch/26/10.md +++ b/1ch/26/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:kin]] +This continues the list of gatekeepers which started in [1 Chronicles 26:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# Hosah ... Merari ... Shimri ... Hilkiah ... Tabaliah ... Zechariah -* This continues the list of gatekeepers which started in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:26:01]]. -* **Hosah...Merari...Shimri...Hikiah...Tebaliah...Zehariah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the second … third … fourth** - This shows the order in which the sons were born. AT: "number 2...number 3...number 4" or "the next" for each one. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **All of Hosah's sons and kinsmen were thirteen in number** - AT: "There were 13 of Hosah's sons and kinsmen." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the second ... the third ... the fourth + +"the 2nd ... the 3rd ... the 4th" or "number 2 ... number 3 ... number 4." This shows the order in which the sons were born. If it is more natural in your language, you may say "the next" for each son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# All of Hosah's sons and kinsmen were thirteen in number + +"There were 13 of Hosah's sons and kinsmen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/12.md b/1ch/26/12.md index e25db33cd8..2a4e977208 100644 --- a/1ch/26/12.md +++ b/1ch/26/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# divisions +"groups" -## translationNotes +# threw lots -* **both young and old** - AT: "every person" or "men of all ages" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **Shelemiah** - This is another spelling for "Meshelemiah" in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:26:01]]. -* **Zechariah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:26:01]]. -* **When the lot was thrown** - AT: "When they threw the lot" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a prudent advisor** - This is a person who shows good judgment in making decisions. +"cast lots" + +# both young and old + +This refers to all of the men by describing the extremes. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 25:8](../25/06.md). AT: "all of them, including the young men and the old men" or "men of all ages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# When the lot was cast + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When they cast the lot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Zechariah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 26:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a prudent advisor + +This is a person who shows good judgment in making decisions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/15.md b/1ch/26/15.md index bda709d8f9..2e4eafa05b 100644 --- a/1ch/26/15.md +++ b/1ch/26/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# To Obed Edom was assigned the south gate, and his sons were assigned the storehouses -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Obed Edom was responsible for guarding the south gate, and his sons guarded the storehouses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Obed Edom -* **To Obed Edom was assigned the south gate, and his sons were assigned the storehouses** - "Obed Edom was responsible for guarding the south gate, and his sons guarded the storehouses." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Obed Edom** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:26:04]]. -* **Shuppim** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hosah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:26:10]]. -* **Shallecheth** - This is the name of the gate. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Watches were established for each family.** - AT: "Each family was responsible for guarding something." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 26:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shuppim and Hosah were assigned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Shuppim and Hosah were responsible for guarding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Shuppim + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hosah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 26:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shalleketh + +This is the name of the gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Watches were established for each family. + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Each family was responsible for a watch" or "Each family has a set period of time that it was responsible for guarding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/17.md b/1ch/26/17.md index a66cc2b620..2621b80446 100644 --- a/1ch/26/17.md +++ b/1ch/26/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# six Levites -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] +"6 Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the east ... the north ... the south -* **six Levites** - "6 Levites" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **four a day** - "4 men each day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **two pairs** - "2 pairs of men" or "2 men at a time" -* **At the court to the west there were four posted** - AT: "4 men guarded the court to the west" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **four at the road, and two at the court** - "4 men guarded the road, and two men guarded the court" -* **They were filled with** - AT: "They were" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Merari** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:26:10]]. +These phrases refer to the gates. AT: "the east gate ... the north gate ... the south gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# four a day + +This refers to the number of men on guard duty. AT: "four men each day" or "four Levites each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# two pairs + +"2 pairs of men" or "2 sets of 2 men each" + +# At the court to the west there were four stationed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "four men guarded the court to the west" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# four stationed at the road and two at the court + +The numbers "four" and "two" refer to guards. AT: "Four men guarded the road, and two men guarded the court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# They were filled with + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Merari + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 26:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/20.md b/1ch/26/20.md index bc406c2f97..8da4a14023 100644 --- a/1ch/26/20.md +++ b/1ch/26/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The descendants of Ladan ... Jehieli, the sons of Jehieli, Zetham, and Joel his brother. They were in charge of the storehouses -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:family]] +"Jehieli and his sons were the descendants of Ladan, who descended from Gershon and belonged to Ladan. Jehieli and his sons were leaders of the families of Ladan the Gershonite. Jehieli and his sons, Zetham and Joel his brother, were in charge of the storehouses" -## translationNotes +# Ladan ... Gershon -* **The descendants of Ladan, descended from Gershon through him and who were leaders of the families of Ladan the Gershonite, were Jehiel and his sons** - "Jehiel and his sons were the descendants of Ladan, who descended from Gershon belonging to Ladan. Jehiel and his sons were leaders of the families of Ladan the Gershonite. Jehiel's sons were" -* **Ladan...Gershon** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:07]]. -* **Gershonite** - The descendants of Gershon. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jehiel...Zetham...Joel** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:07]]. -* **who oversaw** - "who supervised" +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gershonite + +The descendants of Gershon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jehieli ... Zetham ... Joel + +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:8](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/23.md b/1ch/26/23.md index eb9e36595a..00588f2d82 100644 --- a/1ch/26/23.md +++ b/1ch/26/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Amram ... Izhar ... Hebron ... Uzziel +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:12](../23/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Shubael ... Gershom ... Eliezer ... Rehabiah -* **There were also guards drawn from the clans** - AT: "The leaders also selected guards from the clans" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Amram, Izhar, Hebron...Uzziel** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:23:12]]. -* **Shebuel...Gershom...Eliezer...Rehabiah** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:15]]. -* **Jeshaiah...Joram...Zichri...Shelomoth** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:15-17](../23/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# His relatives from the clan of Eliezer + +These were his relatives who did this work with him. AT: "His relatives who did the work with him from the clan of Eliezer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jeshaiah ... Joram ... Zichri ... Shelomith + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/26.md b/1ch/26/26.md index 803105747f..e7802e52f0 100644 --- a/1ch/26/26.md +++ b/1ch/26/26.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# were over -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:storehouse]] +This is an idiom. AT: "were in charge of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# commanders over thousands and hundreds -* **thousands and hundreds** - "more than 1,000 men and more than 100 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **plunder** - things an army takes from its enemies after a victory -* **Kish...Ner...Zeruiah** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Everything that was dedicated** - "Everything that the leaders dedicated" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the commanders over 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders over large military divisions and the commanders over smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# plunder + +things an army takes from its enemies after a victory + +# everything that was set apart to Yahweh by Samuel the prophet ... Joab son of Zeruiah + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that Samuel the prophet ... Joab son of Zeruiah set apart to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Kish ... Ner ... Zeruiah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Everything that was set apart + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everything that the leaders set apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/29.md b/1ch/26/29.md index 80fa740c1e..b80b0a1e79 100644 --- a/1ch/26/29.md +++ b/1ch/26/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Izhar ... Hebron -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:12](../23/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# civil affairs of Israel -* **Izhar...Hebron** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:23:12]]. -* **civil affairs of Israel** - This refers to the regular business of the people of Israel, not connected to the military or to the temple. AT: "daily business of the people of Israel." -* **Chenaniah...Hashabiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **1,700 capable men** - "one thousand seven hundred capable men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Yahweh's work and the king's work** - AT: "work done for Yahweh and the king." +"daily business of the people of Israel." This refers to the regular business of the people of Israel, not connected to the military or to the temple. + +# Kenaniah ... Hashabiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 1,700 capable men + +"one thousand seven hundred capable men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Yahweh's work and the king's work + +"work done for Yahweh and the king." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/31.md b/1ch/26/31.md index 86b7becdd9..dc00b466fb 100644 --- a/1ch/26/31.md +++ b/1ch/26/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Hebron -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 23:12](../23/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jeriah -* **Hebron** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:23:12]]. -* **Jerijah** - This is another way to spell "Jeriah." See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:19]]. -* **counted from the lists** - AT: "their names were on the lists" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **In the fortieth year of the reign of David** - "When David had been king for 40 years" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jazar** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **2,700 relatives** - "two thousand seven hundred family members" +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 23:19](../23/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# counted from the lists + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their names were on the lists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# In the fortieth year of the reign of David + +"When David had been king for 40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# men of ability + +"capable men" + +# Jazer + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 2,700 relatives + +"two thousand seven hundred family members" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/intro.md b/1ch/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..78a5c9ad6c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 26:2-10, 25-28 because they are long lists. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Casting lots ##### +The gatekeepers cast lots to see which gate they would guard. Those who took care of the storage also cast lots. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/01.md b/1ch/27/01.md index 01f7af1cab..c3106ee417 100644 --- a/1ch/27/01.md +++ b/1ch/27/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the list -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"These are the names" -## translationNotes +# commanders of thousands and hundreds -* **This is the list** - AT: "These are the names" -* **in various ways** - "in different ways" or "in many ways" -* **each military division** - "each group" -* **24,000 men** - "twenty four thousand men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **throughout the year ** - AT: "all year long." -* **first month ** - "month number 1" -* **Jashobeam son of Zabdiel** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in charge ** - "the leader" +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in various ways + +"in different ways" or "in many ways" + +# Each military division served month by month throughout the year + +This means that each division took turns serving periods of a month at a time. + +# Each military division + +"Each group" + +# twenty-four thousand men + +"24,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# throughout the year + +"all year long" + +# Over the division + +This is an idiom. AT: "In charge of the division" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# first month + +"1st month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Jashobeam ... Zabdiel ... Perez + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/04.md b/1ch/27/04.md index 5ed19cac8a..9cad2627dd 100644 --- a/1ch/27/04.md +++ b/1ch/27/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Over the division -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] +"In charge of the division" -## translationNotes +# the second month -* **second ... third month** - "month number 2 ... month number 3" -* **Dodai ... Ammizabad** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **In his division** - AT: "In his military group" or "In his group of soldiers" -* **24,000 men** - "twenty four thousand men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the thirty** - See how you translated this in 11:11. AT: "the 30 mighty men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"the 2nd month." This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Dodai ... Mikloth ... Ammizabad + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ahoah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 8:4](../08/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# In his division + +"In his group of soldiers" + +# twenty-four thousand men + +"24,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the third month + +"the 3rd month." This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of May and the first part of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Jehoiada + +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 11:22](../11/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the thirty + +"the 30." This refers to "David's 30 mightiest soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# over the thirty + +This is an idiom. AT: "in charge of the 30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/07.md b/1ch/27/07.md index c4594a47c4..b1aaa7ca28 100644 --- a/1ch/27/07.md +++ b/1ch/27/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The commander for the fourth month was Asahel brother of Joab -* [[en:tw:joab]] +"Asahel, brother of Joab, was the commander for the fourth month" -## translationNotes +# the fourth month -* **The commander for the fourth month was Asahel brother of Joab** - AT: "Asahel, brother of Joab, was the commander for the fourth month." -* **fourth ... fifth ... sixth month** - "month number 4 ... 5 ... 6" -* **Ashael ... Ikkesh** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **his division** - "his military group" -* **24,000 men** - "twenty-four thousand men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Tekoa** - This is the name of a place. +"the 4th month." This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Asahel ... Zebadiah ... Shamhuth ... Izrah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# his division + +"his military group" + +# twenty-four thousand men + +"24,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fifth month + +"the 5th month." This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# sixth month + +"the 6th month." This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of August and the first part of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Ira ... Ikkesh + +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 11:28](../11/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tekoa + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/10.md b/1ch/27/10.md index bdbc53c104..1635609813 100644 --- a/1ch/27/10.md +++ b/1ch/27/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The commander for the seventh month was Helez the Pelonite, from the people of Ephraim -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +"Helez, the Pelonite, from the people of Ephraim, was the commander for the seventh month" -## translationNotes +# the seventh month -* **seventh ... eighth ... ninth month** - "month number 7 ... 8 ... 9" -* **The commander for the seventh month was Helez the Pelonite, from the people of Ephraim** - AT: "Helez, the Pelonite, from the people of Ephraim, was the commander for the seventh month." -* **24,000 men** - "twenty-four thousand men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Helez ... Sibbecai ... Zerah ... Abi Ezer** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Pelonite ... Hushathite ... Anathothite** - These are names of tribes or clans. +"the 7th month." This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Helez ... Sibbekai ... Abiezer + +See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 11:27-29](../11/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pelonite ... Hushathite ... Anathothite + +See how you translated the names of these clans in [1 Chronicles 11:27-29](../11/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty-four thousand men + +"24,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the eighth month + +"the 8th month." This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Zerah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 2:4](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the ninth month + +"the 9th month." This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part November and the first part December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/13.md b/1ch/27/13.md index 6bfeb72d03..afc174aaa1 100644 --- a/1ch/27/13.md +++ b/1ch/27/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the tenth month -* [[en:tw:commander]] +"the 10th month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Maharai -* **tenth ... eleventh ... twelfth month ** - "month number 10 ... 11 ... 12" -* **Maharai ... Zerah ... Heldai ... Othniel** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Netophah ... Pirathon** - These are names of places. -* **24,000 men** - "twenty-four thousand men." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +See how you translated the name of this man in [1 Chronicles 11:30](../11/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Netophah ... Pirathon + +These are names of places. + +# Zerah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 2:4](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty-four thousand men + +"24,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the eleventh month + +"the 11th month." This is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of January and the first part of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the twelfth month + +"the 12th month." This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of February and the first part of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Heldai ... Othniel + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/16.md b/1ch/27/16.md index fc02c30de3..ab17358ffc 100644 --- a/1ch/27/16.md +++ b/1ch/27/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliezer ... Zichri ... Shephatiah ... Maacah ... Hashabiah ... Kemuel ... Omri -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Zadok -* **Eliezer ... Michael** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 6:8](../06/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elihu + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 12:20](../12/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Michael + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 7:3](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/19.md b/1ch/27/19.md index 2e6cf353d8..552e5c07f9 100644 --- a/1ch/27/19.md +++ b/1ch/27/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Ishmaiah ... Obadiah ... Jerimoth ... Azriel ... Hoshea ... Azaziah ... Joel ... Pedaiah ... Iddo ... Zechariah ... Jaasiel ... Abner ... Azarel ... Jeroham -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:hoshea]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Ishmaiah ... Jeroham ** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/23.md b/1ch/27/23.md index 0c279f1755..b0663031c5 100644 --- a/1ch/27/23.md +++ b/1ch/27/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# those twenty years old or younger -* [[en:tw:chronicles]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"people 20 years old or younger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# to increase Israel like the stars of heaven -* **those twenty years old or younger** - "people 20 years old or younger," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **increase Israel** - "increase the population of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **like the stars of heaven** - The number of the people of Israel is compared to the number of stars to show that there were so many. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Wrath fell on Israel** - AT: "God punished the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **This number was not written down** - AT: "No one wrote this number down" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This speaks of the number of people in Israel increasing as if they would become as numerous as the stars. AT: "to increase the number of people in Israel to be as many as the stars in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# increase Israel + +Here "Israel" represents the people who live there. AT: "increase the population of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Zeruiah + +See how you translated this woman's name in [1 Chronicles 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Wrath fell on Israel + +This speaks of God punishing the people as if his "wrath" were something that fell upon them. AT: "God punished the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This number was not written down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one wrote this number down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/25.md b/1ch/27/25.md index 75f25b3597..b77c11118c 100644 --- a/1ch/27/25.md +++ b/1ch/27/25.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Azmaveth ... Adiel ... Jonathan ... Uzziah ... Ezri ... Kelub ... Zabdi -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:shimei]] -* [[en:tw:storehouse]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# in charge of -* **Azmaveth ... Zabdi** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in charge of** - AT: "responsible for guarding" -* **fortified towers ** - "strong towers." -* **plow** - This means to dig into or break up the dirt before planting. -* **Shepham** - This is the name of a place. -* **cellar** - This is the part of a building that is below the ground and used to store wine. +"responsible for guarding" + +# was over + +This is an idiom. AT: "was in charge of" + +# fortified towers + +"strong towers" + +# plowed the land + +This means to dig into or break up the dirt before planting. + +# Ramathite + +This is the name of a person from the city of Ramah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shiphmite + +This is the name of a person from the city of Shepham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# wine cellars + +These are the parts of a building that are below the ground and used to store wine. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/28.md b/1ch/27/28.md index 0d8dcdd21e..8138286102 100644 --- a/1ch/27/28.md +++ b/1ch/27/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Over the -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:sharon]] +This is an idiom. AT: "In charge of the" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# sycamore -* **sycamore** - This is a type of tree. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Baal Hanan ... Shitrai ... Adlai** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Geder ...Shaphat** - These are names of places. -* **that were pastured** - AT: "that ate grass in the fields" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is a type of tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Baal-Hanan ... Shitrai ... Shaphat ... Adlai + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Geder ... Sharon + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# that were pastured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that ate grass in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/30.md b/1ch/27/30.md index da14a7de95..0220a2c209 100644 --- a/1ch/27/30.md +++ b/1ch/27/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Over the -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:overseer]] +This is an idiom. AT: "In charge of the" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Obil ... Jehdeiah ... Jaziz -* **Obil ... Jehdeiah ... Jaziz** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ishmaelite ... Hagrite** - These are names of tribes or clans. -* **Meronoth** - This is the name of a place. -* **All these** - "These men" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ishmaelite + +Translate the name of this clan as you did in [1 Chronicles 2:17](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hagrite + +Translate the name of this people group as you did in [1 Chronicles 5:10](../05/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meronoth + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All these officials + +"All of these men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/32.md b/1ch/27/32.md index a0102f1ec8..bc5c300977 100644 --- a/1ch/27/32.md +++ b/1ch/27/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jonathan ... Jehiel ... Hakmoni ... Ahithophel ... Hushai ... Jehoiada -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:wisemen]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Arkite -* **Jonathan ... Jehoiada** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Archite** - This is the name of a tribe of clan. +This is the name of a tribe or clan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/intro.md b/1ch/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5cbf0639d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 27:2-22, because they are long lists. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/01.md b/1ch/28/01.md index a704468b8a..3ad545e0ae 100644 --- a/1ch/28/01.md +++ b/1ch/28/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# assembled -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +"called together" -## translationNotes +# scheduled work -* **officials** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:24:04]]. -* **scheduled work** - Work that needs to be repeated, for example every day or every month. -* **thousands and of hundreds** - "1,000s and of 100s" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **property and possessions** - These two words mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that this means all of the king's possessions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Work that needs to be repeated, for example every day or every month. + +# the commanders of thousands and of hundreds + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the managers over + +The word "over" is used here as an idiom. AT: "the managers in charge of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# property and possessions + +These two words share similar meanings and refer to all of the items and lands that the king owned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/02.md b/1ch/28/02.md index 6312947b47..ea18ad618b 100644 --- a/1ch/28/02.md +++ b/1ch/28/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# rose to his feet -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This is an idiom. AT: "stood up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# my brothers and my people -* **rose to his feet** - AT: "stood up" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my brothers and my people** - These two words mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that David and the people of Israel are family. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **a temple for the ark of the covenant of Yahweh; a footstool for our God** - These two descriptions refer to the same building, the one clarifies and gives a deeper meaning to the other. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **a temple for my name** - AT: "a temple for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **a man of war and have shed blood** - Both descriptions emphasize the same thing, namely that David killed people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **have shed blood** - AT: "have killed people" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that David and the people of Israel are family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the ark of the covenant of Yahweh; a footstool for our God + +The second phrase defines the first phrase. The "ark of the covenant" is spoke of as Yahweh's footstool to picture God on his throne, with his feet resting on his footstool, which represents all that is in submission to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a temple for my name + +Here God refers to himself by his "name." AT: "a temple for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a man of war and have shed blood + +"a man accustomed to war and have shed blood." Both descriptions emphasize the same thing, namely that David had killed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# have shed blood + +This refers to killing people. AT: "have killed people" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/04.md b/1ch/28/04.md index 48312c1648..c4c345523b 100644 --- a/1ch/28/04.md +++ b/1ch/28/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +David continues speaking to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# chose me ... to be king over Israel forever -* David continues speaking to the Israelites. -* **all Israel** - AT: "the whole land of Israel" or "all the Israelites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to sit on the throne of** - AT: "to rule over" or "to be the king of" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the kingdom of Yahweh, over Israel** - AT: "Israel, which is actually Yahweh's kingdom" +Possible meanings are 1) Here David is a metonym for David and his descendants who will rule Israel forever. AT: "chose me and my descendants ... to be kings over Israel forever." or 2) David will continue to be the king of Israel after he is resurrected from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all Israel + +"the whole land of Israel" or "all the Israelites" + +# to sit on the throne of + +Here "to sit on the throne" means to rule as king. AT: "to rule over" or "to be the king of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the kingdom of Yahweh, over Israel + +"Israel, which is Yahweh's kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/06.md b/1ch/28/06.md index b3138a58a7..5f23ab2157 100644 --- a/1ch/28/06.md +++ b/1ch/28/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:commit]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +David continues to speak to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# He said to me -* David continues to speak to the Israelites. -* **He said to me** - AT: "God said to me" -* **my house** - The word "house" refers to the temple of Yahweh. -* **I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father** - This does not mean that Solomon becomes an actual son of God, but it describes the personal relationship that he and God will have. AT: "I have chosen to treat him like a son, and I will be like a father to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my commandments and decrees** - These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize the importance of doing what God says. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **as you are this day** - The word "you" here refers to David. AT: "just as you are committed this day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"God said to me" + +# my house + +The word "house" refers to the temple of Yahweh. + +# I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father + +This does not mean that Solomon becomes an actual son of God, but it describes the personal relationship that he and God will have. AT: "I have chosen to treat him like a son, and I will be like a father to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my commandments and decrees + +These two words basically mean the same thing and refer to everything that Yahweh had commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# as you are this day + +The word "you" here refers to David. Also, the understood word "committed" may be supplied. AT: "just as you are committed this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/08.md b/1ch/28/08.md index 9a7339db71..b4fbd67931 100644 --- a/1ch/28/08.md +++ b/1ch/28/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +David continues to speak to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# Now then, in the sight of all Israel ... all of you must -* David continues to speak to the Israelites. -* **Now then** - This indicates that David starts a new phase in his speech. -* **keep and try to carry out** - These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize the importance of doing what God commands. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **your children after you** - AT: "your children who will take your place after you die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here David is giving a command to all of the people of Israel. AT: "Now then, in the sight of all Israel, this assembly for Yahweh, and in the presence of our God, I command all of you to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now then + +This indicates that David starts a new phase in his speech. + +# all Israel, this assembly for Yahweh + +These two phrases have the same meaning and the second describes the first. Even though all of the people of Israel are not present, those present represent all of Israel. AT: "all you people of Israel, in this assembly for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in the sight of + +The phrase "in the sight of" means that they are all present and listening. AT: "in the hearing of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# keep and try to carry out + +The phrase "to carry out" means basically the same thing as "keep." Together the words emphasize importance of doing what God commands. AT: "carefully obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your children after you forever + +This means that the land will belong to their children and the descendants in the future. The phrase "after you" is an idiom. AT: "your children and your descendants who will take your place after you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/09.md b/1ch/28/09.md index 3a5100ada4..3f945c7e81 100644 --- a/1ch/28/09.md +++ b/1ch/28/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the God of your father -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +David calls himself "your father" because this is a very formal occasion. AT: "my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# with your whole heart -* **the God of your father** - David calls himself "your father" because this is a very formal occasion. AT: "my God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **with your whole heart and a willing spirit** - These two phrases refer to a similar attitude and are used together to emphasize the full extent of it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **your whole heart** - AT: "completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **a willing spirit** - AT: "willingly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **searches all hearts and understands every motivation of everyone's thoughts** - These two descriptions refer to the same thing and are used together to emphasize that God knows everything. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **he will be found by you** - AT: "you will find him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Realize** - "See now" AT: "Remember" or "Be aware" -* **Be strong and do it** - The word "strong" here refers to willpower and strength of character. +Here the "heart" the represents the whole person. To do something with "your whole heart" is an idiom. AT: "with complete devotion" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a willing spirit + +Here the "spirit" represents the whole person and emphasizes the person's will. AT: "willingly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# searches all hearts and understands every motivation of everyone's thoughts + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh knows the thoughts and motives of every person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# all hearts + +Here people's "hearts" represent their feelings and desires. AT: "searches everyone's emotions and desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If you seek him, he will be found by you + +This can be written in active form. Also, this speaks of following Yahweh and having him listen to you as searching for him and finding him. AT: "If you seek him, you will find him" or "If you try to get Yahweh to pay attention to you, he will do so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Realize + +"Be aware" + +# Be strong and do it + +The word "strong" here refers to willpower and strength of character. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/11.md b/1ch/28/11.md index 425e3ab04b..07c680a224 100644 --- a/1ch/28/11.md +++ b/1ch/28/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# temple portico -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"temple porch" or "temple entrance." This refers to the columns that supported the roof at the entrance of the temple. -## translationNotes +# treasuries -* **temple portico** - "temple porch" or "temple entrance." This refers to the columns that supported the roof at the entrance of the temple. -* **treasuries** - storerooms for valuable things +storerooms for valuable things \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/13.md b/1ch/28/13.md index 6c03c01981..5d04d4cf1b 100644 --- a/1ch/28/13.md +++ b/1ch/28/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# regulations -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +These were specific rules about how the priests and Levites should work in the temple. -## translationNotes +# divisions -* **regulations** - These were specific rules about how the priests and Levites should work in the temple. -* **divisions** - This refers to the groups in which the priests and other temple workers were organized to fulfill their duties. See how you translated this term in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:24:01]]. +"groups." This refers to the groups in which the priests and other temple workers were organized to fulfill their duties. + +# according to the use of each lampstand in the service + +"determined by what each lampstand would be used for in the service in the temple." There would be silver lampstands of different weights for different purposes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/16.md b/1ch/28/16.md index 1f40388904..d874cf4a3c 100644 --- a/1ch/28/16.md +++ b/1ch/28/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:bread]] - -## translationNotes +# for every table +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "the weight of the gold for every other table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/18.md b/1ch/28/18.md index c6b67af094..34109bc5a2 100644 --- a/1ch/28/18.md +++ b/1ch/28/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# refined gold -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +"purified gold" or "extra valuable gold" -## translationNotes +# of the gold for the design -* **refined gold** - AT: "purified gold" or "extra valuable gold" -* **I have put all this in writing** - AT: "I wrote all of this down" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **gave me to understand regarding** - AT: "helped me to understand the details of" +The refers to the weight of the gold. AT: "the weight of the gold for the design" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I have put all this in writing + +This is an idiom. AT: "I wrote all of this down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# gave me to understand regarding the design + +This refers to the detail for the design of the temple. AT: "helped me to understand the details for his temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/20.md b/1ch/28/20.md index 5ff9241942..6d58f0848c 100644 --- a/1ch/28/20.md +++ b/1ch/28/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# strong and brave -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize that Solomon must be courageous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not be afraid or anxious -* **strong and brave** - These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize that Solomon must be courageous. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Do not be afraid or anxious** - These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize that Solomon must never give up. AT: "Be courageous and confident" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **is with you** - AT: "will help you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **He will not leave you nor abandon you** - These two phrases mean the same thing, and are used together to emphasize how sure it is that God will keep his promise. AT: "He will always be with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **the divisions of the priests and Levites** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:28:13]]. +The words "afraid" and "anxious" basically mean the same thing and emphasize that Solomon must never give up. Also, this can be written in positive form. AT: "Be courageous" or "Be confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# is with you + +This is an idiom. AT: "will help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He will not leave you nor abandon you + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will always be with Solomon. Also, this can be stated in positive form. AT: "He will always be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# See, here are the divisions + +"Here are the divisions." David uses the word "see" here to refer back to the listings of the divisions of the Levites and their duties for the temple. + +# the divisions of the priests and Levites + +See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 28:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/intro.md b/1ch/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e469c0cbb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. David lectured the people and Solomon on what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's instructions ##### +David gives instructions to the people because he knows that he will not be there when the temple is built. It was common in the ancient Near East for leaders to give instructions to people before they die in preparation or anticipation of their death. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/01.md b/1ch/29/01.md index a59091510b..365298da60 100644 --- a/1ch/29/01.md +++ b/1ch/29/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# whom alone God has chosen -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +"the one whom God has chosen" -## translationNotes +# gold for the things to be made of gold ... to be made of wood -* **onyx stones** - These are stones with black and white lines that are used to make jewelry. -* **inlaid work** - This refers to the beautiful and decorative designs or patterns formed by the stones. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "gold so the craftsmen may make the gold things, silver so they may make the silver things, bronze so they may make the bronze things, iron so they may make the iron things, and wood so they may make the wooden things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# onyx stones ... stones to be set ... stones for inlaid work of various colors + +Each of these phrases refer to different types of stones intended for different purposes. + +# onyx stones + +These are stones with black and white lines that are used to make jewelry. + +# stones to be set + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "stones for the craftsmen to set" or "stones for mounting" + +# inlaid work + +This refers to the beautiful and decorative designs or patterns formed by the stones. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/03.md b/1ch/29/03.md index 03095b0c21..3a2f2c377b 100644 --- a/1ch/29/03.md +++ b/1ch/29/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:works]] +David continues talking to the people about his provisions for the building of the temple. -## translationNotes +# three thousand talents -* David continues talking to the people about his provisions for the building of the temple. -* **three thousand talents** - "3,000 talents" - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **gold from Ophir** - the best quality and most valuable gold +"3,000 talents." This can be stated in modern measurements. AT: "about 100,000 kilograms" or "about 100 metric tons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# gold from Ophir + +This was the best quality and most valuable gold. + +# seven thousand talents + +"7,000 talents." This can be stated in modern measurements. AT: "about 230,000 kilograms" or "230 metric tons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# gold for the things to be made of gold ... work to be done by craftsmen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "gold for the craftsmen to make the gold things, silver so they may make the silver things, and things of all kinds for their other work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# give himself to him + +"give himself to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/06.md b/1ch/29/06.md index 36d54ca3c7..66564d78ee 100644 --- a/1ch/29/06.md +++ b/1ch/29/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Then freewill offerings were made by the leaders ... and by the officials over the king's work. -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **daric...talent** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then the leaders ... and the officials over the king's work made freewill offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the commanders of thousands and hundreds + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the officials over the king's work + +Here the word "over" is used as an idiom. AT: "the officials in charge of the king's work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# five thousand talents ... and 100,000 talents of iron + +"5,000 talents and 10,000 darics of gold, 10,000 talents of silver, 18,000 talents of bronze, and 100,000 talents of iron." These may be written in modern measurements. AT: "165 metric tons and 84 kilograms of gold, 330 metric tons of silver, 600 metric tons of bronze, and 3,300 metric tons of iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# 100,000 talents + +"one hundred thousand talents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/08.md b/1ch/29/08.md index 1f11764106..08805374b9 100644 --- a/1ch/29/08.md +++ b/1ch/29/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# treasury -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +This is a place where money and valuable objects are kept. -## translationNotes +# Jehiel -* **treasury** - This is a place where money and valuable objects are kept. -* **Jehiel** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gershon** - This was the firstborn son of Levi. (See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ch:23:07]]) -* **wholeheartedly** - willingly and without any doubt or hesitation +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 23:8](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gershon + +This was the firstborn son of Levi. See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# wholeheartedly + +willingly and without any doubt or hesitation \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/10.md b/1ch/29/10.md index 3b9e84a459..eebba65d31 100644 --- a/1ch/29/10.md +++ b/1ch/29/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# May you be praised -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Israel our ancestor -* **"May you be praised, Yahweh, God of Israel our ancestor, forever and ever.** - AT: "May you be praised, Yahweh our father, God of Israel, forever and ever." +Here "Israel" refers to the man Jacob. AT: "Jacob our ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/12.md b/1ch/29/12.md index eb944d7053..9ea2de6a3a 100644 --- a/1ch/29/12.md +++ b/1ch/29/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +David continues his prayer of praise to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# In your hand is power and might -* David continues his prayer of praise to Yahweh. -* **In your hand is power and might** - These two words "might" and "power" mean the same thing and are used together here to emphasize that Yahweh controls everything and no one is more powerful than Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This speaks of Yahweh having control over whether people are powerful or not as if "power and might" were something in hand that he had control over. AT: "You determine who has power and might" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# power and might + +The words "power" and "might" mean the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your glorious name + +Here Yahweh is represented by his name. AT: "you who are glorious" or "you because you are glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/14.md b/1ch/29/14.md index 2fc439ff66..808ae34890 100644 --- a/1ch/29/14.md +++ b/1ch/29/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +David continues his prayer of praise to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# But who am I, and who are my people, that we should be able to offer so willingly these things? -* David continues his prayer of praise to Yahweh. -* **But who am I, and who are my people, that we should be able to offer so willingly these things?** - David means that he and his people deserve no praise for giving anything to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **we are strangers and travelers before you** - AT: "You know that we are insignificant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Our days on the earth are like a shadow** - Shadows appear and disappear quickly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +David uses this rhetorical question to express that he and his people deserve no praise for giving anything to God. AT: "My people and I should definitely offer these things to you willingly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we are strangers and travelers before you + +This speaks of people's lives being short as if they were travelers only here on earth for a short time. AT: "For our lives are short and we are like strangers and travelers who pass before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Our days on the earth are like a shadow + +This speaks of people's lives being short as if they were a shadow that is only visible for a short time. A person's lifetime is represented by his "days." AT: "Our time here on earth is like a shadow that disappears quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/16.md b/1ch/29/16.md index 71c093b97d..1784dfe2c2 100644 --- a/1ch/29/16.md +++ b/1ch/29/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your holy name -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Yahweh is represented by his "name." AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# you examine the heart -* **in the uprightness of my heart** - "because I want to be honest and honorable in everything I do for you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the "heart" represents a person's thoughts and feelings. AT: "you examine people's thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the uprightness of my heart + +Here the "heart" represents a person's thoughts and feelings. AT: "because I want to be honest and honorable in everything I do for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I look with joy as + +"I am joyful as I see" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/18.md b/1ch/29/18.md index 4a56798aee..3ac12c1eb5 100644 --- a/1ch/29/18.md +++ b/1ch/29/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Here "Israel" refers to the man named "Jacob." -## translationNotes +# keep this forever in the thoughts of the minds of your people -* **keep this forever in the thoughts of the minds of your people** - AT: "keep this in the thoughts and minds of your people forever" +"keep this in the thoughts and minds of your people forever" + +# Direct their hearts toward you + +Here the people's "hearts" represent their thoughts and desires. AT: "Direct them to be loyal to you" or "Keep them loyal to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Give to Solomon my son a wholehearted desire + +The word "desire" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "Make my son Solomon fully desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/20.md b/1ch/29/20.md index d9be8ca104..fd0a8ebd94 100644 --- a/1ch/29/20.md +++ b/1ch/29/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now bless Yahweh -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"Now praise Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# prostrated themselves before the king -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **prostrated themselves** - lay down facing the ground as a way of showing extreme respect +This refers to laying down on the ground before someone to show great respect. AT: "prostrated themselves on the ground to show respect to Yahweh and the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they made sacrifices to Yahweh and offered burnt offerings to him + +The people offered animals to be sacrificed to Yahweh by the priests. Most of the people did not actually kill and sacrifice the animals themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a thousand bulls, a thousand rams, and a thousand lambs + +"1,000 bulls, 1,000 rams, and 1,000 lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/22.md b/1ch/29/22.md index 0c6fa5f431..2cf3989373 100644 --- a/1ch/29/22.md +++ b/1ch/29/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +This is an idiom. AT: "in honor of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# a second time -* **before Yahweh** - In order to honor Yahweh. -* **a second time** - The first time is described in [[:en:bible:notes:1ch:23:01]]. -* **and anointed him to be ruler for Yahweh** - AT: "and anointed him to rule over Israel on Yahweh's behalf" +This means that they anointed him and declared him as king. The first time is described in [1 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). + +# anointed him with Yahweh's authority to be ruler + +To do something with "Yahweh's authority" means to do it on his behalf and with his approval. AT: "anointed him to rule over Israel on Yahweh's behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then Solomon sat on Yahweh's throne as king instead of David his father + +Here the throne of Israel is referred to as "Yahweh's throne," to emphasize that the people of Israel are Yahweh's people. Sitting on the throne represents ruling as king. AT: "So Solomon sat on the throne, instead of his father David, as king over Yahweh's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/24.md b/1ch/29/24.md index 3b97f1c6e1..2fb8bfaf1d 100644 --- a/1ch/29/24.md +++ b/1ch/29/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# allegiance -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"their loyalty" -## translationNotes +# Yahweh greatly honored Solomon before all Israel ... bestowed on him greater power -* **allegiance** - AT: "their loyalty" -* **Yahweh greatly honored Solomon before all Israel and bestowed on him greater power** - These two phrases emphasize that Solomon received special favor from Yahweh, which made him Israel's greatest and most powerful king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases emphasize that Solomon received special favor from Yahweh, which made him Israel's greatest and most powerful king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/26.md b/1ch/29/26.md index 29909ebda9..aa4122cfa6 100644 --- a/1ch/29/26.md +++ b/1ch/29/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# forty years ... thirty-three years -* [[en:tw:age]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +"40 years ... 33 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# at a good old age +"as an old man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/29.md b/1ch/29/29.md index 22671b173d..3747fc26eb 100644 --- a/1ch/29/29.md +++ b/1ch/29/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# written in the history of Samuel the prophet, ... and in the history of Gad the prophet -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +These are written accounts that no longer exist. -## translationNotes +# Recorded there are the deeds -* **written in the history of Samuel the prophet, in the history of Nathan the prophet, and in the history of Gad the prophet** - This is a work that no longer exists. -* **Recorded there are the deeds** - AT: "Someone wrote there the deeds" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the deeds of his rule** - "the things that happened while David was king" -* **the events that affected him** - AT: "The events in other nations that affected Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There men wrote down the deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the deeds of his rule + +"the things that happened while David was king" + +# the events that affected him, Israel, and all the kingdoms of the other lands + +"all the things that happened to him and to the people of Israel and in the kingdoms of other countries while he was ruling Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/intro.md b/1ch/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d77aed9fbf --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple is finished in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Offering ##### +David and the people made a free will offering and dedicated it all to God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/front/intro.md b/1ch/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..17f6c26391 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Chronicles # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 1 Chronicles #### + +1. Genealogies + - From Adam to Jacob (1:1–2:2) + - Jacob's genealogy (2:2–9:44) +1. The death of Saul and the beginning of David's reign + - The death of Saul (10:1–14) + - The capture of Jerusalem, and the valiant men (11:1–12:40) + - David prospers (13:1–22:1) + - David prepares for Solomon to build the temple (22:2–29:30) + +#### What are 1 and 2 Chronicles about? #### + +The purpose of 1 and 2 Chronicles was to retell the genealogy of Adam to Jacob, and the history of Israel leading up to the death of David. These books were probably written for the Jews who returned from exile in Babylon. The purpose was to give the people instructions on how to avoid repeating the sins of their ancestors who were unfaithful to the covenant with Yahweh. + +#### How should the titles of 1 and 2 Chronicles be translated? #### + +You may also call this book "The Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel, Book 1" or "The First Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel." + +#### Who wrote 1 and 2 Chronicles? #### + +These books seem to contain many different historical accounts that were put together. The writers of Chronicles mention other books that they took information from in their own writing. The non-biblical sources included "The Chronicles of Samuel the Seer," "The Chronicles of Nathan the Seer," "The Chronicles of Gad the Seer," "The History of Nathan the Prophet," "The Chronicles of Shemaiah the Prophet and Iddo," "The Story of the Prophet Iddo" and "The books of the kings of Judah and Israel." + +#### Why are there multiple books which give the history of the kings of Israel? #### + +Though the Books of 1 and 2 Chronicles cover much of the same history as the Books of 1 and 2 Kings, they do not repeat everything. The purpose of 1 and 2 Chronicles was not simply to retell the history of Israel and Judah by repeating the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. Instead, the writers of these books want to reassure the people that Yahweh would still be faithful to his covenant with them. + +The Books of 1 and 2 Chronicles focus on David and Solomon and the reformation that Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, and Josiah accomplished. Those reformations were to encourage all the people of Yahweh and their leaders to obey the law and to honor his covenant with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is retribution? #### + +Retribution is righteous punishment of those who deserve it. This is an important theme in 1 and 2 Chronicles. There is a record of the fulfillment of the promise to bless those who bless Israel and to curse those who curse Israel. The author attempts to show the reader God's blessing or judgment being given to each generation in accordance with their obedience or disobedience of Yahweh's commands. + +#### Why are alliances with foreign countries seen as evil in these books? #### + +Yahweh was the true leader of Israel and the protector of the nation. He was the one who should have been trusted, instead of the neighboring nations. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. + +#### What does it mean to "seek God"? #### + +The concept of seeking God is very common in 1 and 2 Chronicles. It does not imply that God is hidden; instead, it is a command to seek to please and honor God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 1 Chronicles 4:41, 43; 5:26; 13:11; 20:26; 21:10; 35:25. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/01.md b/1co/01/01.md index 0acf0021d3..9f4af16d74 100644 --- a/1co/01/01.md +++ b/1co/01/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:corinth]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Paul and Sosthenes wrote this letter to the Christians who belonged to the church in Corinth. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Sosthenes our brother** - This indicates that both Paul and the Corinthians knew Sosthenes. AT: "Sosthenes the brother you and I know." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **called to be saints** - AT: "God called them to be saints" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **with all** - together with all other Christians. AT: "together with" -* **their Lord and ours** - Jesus is the Lord of Paul and the Corinthians and the same Lord of all the churches. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **to you** - The word "you" to the believers in Corinth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Unless otherwise noted, such words as "you" and "your" refer to Paul's audience and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Paul ... to the church of God at Corinth + +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter and the intended audience. AT: "I, Paul, wrote this letter to you in Corinth who believe in God" + +# Sosthenes our brother + +This indicates that both Paul and the Corinthians knew Sosthenes. AT: "Sosthenes the brother you and I know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesus + +Here "sanctified" refers to people whom God has reserved to honor him. AT: "to those whom Christ Jesus has set apart for God" or "to those whom God has set apart for himself because they belong to Christ Jesus" + +# who are called to be holy people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has called to be holy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their Lord and ours + +Jesus is the Lord of Paul and the Corinthians and the same Lord of all the churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/04.md b/1co/01/04.md index 465d2b8397..c0560619a8 100644 --- a/1co/01/04.md +++ b/1co/01/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul describes the believer's position and fellowship in Christ as they wait for his coming. -## translationNotes +# because of the grace of God that Christ Jesus gave to you -* **I give thanks** - AT: "I, Paul, express thanks" -* **grace of God that Christ Jesus gave to you** - "the grace that God gave to you who are in Christ Jesus". -* **He has made you rich** - Possible meanings are 1) "Christ has made you rich" or 2) "God has made you rich". -* **made you rich in every way ** - "made you rich with many spiritual blessings" -* **in all speech ** - God has enabled to you to tell others about God's message in many ways. -* **all knowledge** - God has enabled you to understand God's message in many ways. -* **testimony about Christ** - "the message about Christ" -* **has been confirmed among you** - AT: "has clearly changed your lives" +Paul speaks of grace as though it were a physical object that Jesus gives Christians as a gift. AT: "because Christ Jesus has made it possible for God to be kind to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has made you rich + +Possible meanings are 1) "Christ has made you rich" or 2) "God has made you rich." + +# made you rich in every way + +Paul is speaking in general terms. AT: "made you rich with all kinds of spiritual blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in all speech + +God has enabled you to tell others about God's message in many ways. + +# all knowledge + +God has enabled you to understand God's message in many ways. + +# the testimony about Christ has been confirmed as true among you + +Possible meanings are 1) "you saw for yourselves that what we had said about Christ was true" or 2) "other people learned from seeing how you now live that what we and you say about Christ is true." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/07.md b/1co/01/07.md index b1adaf77cd..8f414ff05b 100644 --- a/1co/01/07.md +++ b/1co/01/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +"As a result" -## translationNotes +# you lack no spiritual gift -* **therefore** - "as a result" -* **lack no spiritual gift** - "have every spiritual gift" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ** - Possible meanings are 1) "the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ" or 2) "the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself". -* **you will be blameless** - there will be no reason for God to condemn you. -* **he has called you into the fellowship of his Son** - God has called you to participate in the new life in his Son, Jesus Christ. +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you have every spiritual gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ + +Possible meanings are 1) "the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ" or 2) "the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself." + +# you will be blameless + +There will be no reason for God to condemn you. + +# God is faithful + +"God will do everything he has said he will do" + +# his Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/10.md b/1co/01/10.md index 3b012924e2..cd87d74cb9 100644 --- a/1co/01/10.md +++ b/1co/01/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that they are to live in unity with each other and that the message of the cross of Christ, not baptism by people, is what saves. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **that you all agree** - "that you live in harmony with one another" -* **that there be no divisions among you** - that you do not divide into separate groups among yourselves. -* **be joined together with the same mind and by the same purpose** - "live in unity" -* **Chloe's people** - Family members, servants and others who are part of the household of which Chloe, a woman, is the head. -* **there are factions developing among you** - "you are in groups which quarrel one with another" +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# that you all agree + +"that you live in harmony with one another" + +# that there be no divisions among you + +"that you do not divide into separate groups among yourselves" + +# be joined together with the same mind and by the same purpose + +"live in unity" + +# Chloe's people + +This refers to family members, servants, and others who are part of the household of which Chloe, a woman, is the head. + +# there are factions among you + +"you are in groups that quarrel one with another" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/12.md b/1co/01/12.md index 171982bb87..29e5020108 100644 --- a/1co/01/12.md +++ b/1co/01/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Each one of you says -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:apollos]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Paul is expressing a general attitude of division. -## translationNotes +# Is Christ divided? -* **Each one of you says** - Paul is expressing a general attitude of division. -* **Is Christ divided?** - Paul wishes to emphasize the truth that christ is not divided but one. "It is not possible to divide Christ in the way you are doing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]; [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Was Paul crucified for you?** - Paul wishes to emphasize that it was Christ not Paul or Apollos that was crucified. "They did not put Paul to death on the cross for your salvation." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]; [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Were you baptized in the name of Paul?** - Paul wishes to emphasize that we all are Baptized in the Name of Christ. "People did not baptize you in the name of Paul." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]; [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Paul wishes to emphasize the truth that Christ is not divided but one. "It is not possible to divide Christ in the way you are doing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Was Paul crucified for you? + +Paul wishes to emphasize that it was Christ, not Paul or Apollos, who was crucified. This can also be translated in active form. AT: "It certainly was not Paul whom they put to death on the cross for your salvation!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Were you baptized in the name of Paul? + +Paul wishes to emphasize that we all are baptized in the name of Christ. This can also be translated in active form. AT: "It was not in the name of Paul that people baptized you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/14.md b/1co/01/14.md index 412f8eb697..f590f1ff7a 100644 --- a/1co/01/14.md +++ b/1co/01/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# none of you, except -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +"only" -## translationNotes +# Crispus -* **I thank God** - Paul exaggerates how grateful he is that he didn't baptize more people in Corinth. (See: [[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Crispus** - He was a synagogue ruler who became a Christian. -* **Gaius** - He travelled with the Apostle Paul. -* **This was so that no one would say that you were baptized in my name** - "I refrained from baptizing more people, because I was afraid that they might later boast that I had baptized them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]; See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the household of Stephanus** - This refers to the family members and slaves in the house of which the man Stephanus was the head. +He was a synagogue ruler who became a Christian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gaius + +He traveled with the Apostle Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# This was so that no one would say that you were baptized into my name + +Here "name" represents "authority." This means Paul did not baptize others because they may claim that they became Paul's disciples. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For some of you might have claimed that I baptized you to make you my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the household of Stephanas + +This refers to the family members and slaves in the house where Stephanas, a man, was the head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/17.md b/1co/01/17.md index 06bef3a18e..6d16d2dd2c 100644 --- a/1co/01/17.md +++ b/1co/01/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Christ did not send me to baptize -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This means that baptism was not the primary goal of Paul's ministry. -## translationNotes +# words of human wisdom ... the cross of Christ should not be emptied of its power -* **Christ did not send me to baptize** - This means that baptism was not the primary goal of Paul's ministry. -* **words of human wisdom** - "words of merely human wisdom" -* **the cross of Christ should not be emptied of its power** - AT: "human wisdom should not empty the cross of Christ of its power." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Paul speaks of "words of human wisdom" as if they were people, the cross as a container, and of power as a physical thing that Jesus can put in that container. This can be stated in active form. AT: "words of human wisdom ... those words of human wisdom should not empty the cross of Christ of its power" or "words of human wisdom ... people should not stop believing the message about Jesus and start thinking I am more important than Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/18.md b/1co/01/18.md index 95bb1be615..8885ab0eb9 100644 --- a/1co/01/18.md +++ b/1co/01/18.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:cross|cross]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +Paul emphasizes God's wisdom rather than man's wisdom. -## translationNotes +# the message about the cross -* **the message about the cross** - ''the preaching about the crucifixion" or "the message about Christ dying on the cross" (UDB) -* **is foolishness** - “is senseless" or "is silly." -* **to those who are dying ** - "dying" refers to the process of spiritual death. -* **it is the power of God** - "it is God working powerfully in us" -* **frustrate the understanding of the intelligent ** - AT: "confuse intelligent people" or "make the plans intelligent people make completely fail" +"the preaching about the crucifixion" or "the message of Christ's dying on the cross" + +# is foolishness + +"is senseless" or "is silly" + +# to those who are dying + +Here "dying" refers to the process of spiritual death. + +# it is the power of God + +"it is God working powerfully in us" + +# I will frustrate the understanding of the intelligent + +"I will confuse intelligent people" or "I will make the plans intelligent people make completely fail" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/20.md b/1co/01/20.md index 89b345867e..fb71dc80c4 100644 --- a/1co/01/20.md +++ b/1co/01/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Where is the wise person? Where is the scholar? Where is the debater of this world? -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Paul emphasizes that truly wise people are nowhere to be found. AT: "Compared with the wisdom of the gospel, there are no wise people, no scholars, no debaters!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the scholar -* **Where is the wise person? Where is the scholar? Where is the debater of this world?** - Paul emphasizes that truly wise people are nowhere to be found. AT: "Compared with the wisdom of the gospel, there are no wise people, nor scholars, nor debaters!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the scholar** - a person who is recognized as someone who has studied a great deal. -* **the debater** - a person who argues about what he knows or who is skilled in such arguments. -* **Has not God turned the wisdom of the world into foolishness?** - Paul used this question to emphasize what God has done to the wisdom of this world. AT: "God has indeed turned the wisdom of this world into foolishness." or "God was pleased to use a message that they thought was foolish" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **those who believe** - Possible meanings are 1) "all who believe it" (UDB) or 2) "those who believe him." +a person who is recognized as someone who has studied a great deal + +# the debater + +a person who argues about what he knows or who is skilled in such arguments + +# Has not God turned the wisdom of the world into foolishness? + +Paul uses this question to emphasize what God has done to the wisdom of this world. AT: "God has shown that everything they call wisdom is really foolishness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# those who believe + +Possible meanings are 1) "all who believe the message" or 2) "all who believe in Christ." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/22.md b/1co/01/22.md index 6727f8fe01..d7797c4c84 100644 --- a/1co/01/22.md +++ b/1co/01/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and other Bible teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Christ crucified -* **we preach** - The word "we" refers to Paul and other evangelists. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **Christ crucified** - “about Christ, who died on a cross.” (UDB; see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a stumbling block** - Just as a person can stumble over a block that is on a road, so is the message of salvation through Christ crucified is to the Jews. AT: "not acceptable" or "very offensive". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"about Christ, who died on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a stumbling block + +Just as a person can stumble over a block on a road, so the message of salvation through the crucifixion of the Christ keeps Jews from believing in Jesus. AT: "not acceptable" or "very offensive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/24.md b/1co/01/24.md index d7e9dc20e7..328c54d929 100644 --- a/1co/01/24.md +++ b/1co/01/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# to those whom God has called -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"to the people God calls" -## translationNotes +# we preach Christ -* **to those whom God has called** - "to the people God calls" -* **we preach Christ** - AT: "we teach about Christ" or "we tell all people about Christ." -* **Christ as the power of God and the wisdom of God** - Christ is the one through whom God shows his power and wisdom. -* **the foolishness of God...the weakness of God** - This is a contradiction between God's nature and man's nature. Even if there was any foolishness or weakness in God, He weakness is still far superior to man's best nature. +"we teach about Christ" or "we tell all people about Christ" + +# Christ as the power and the wisdom of God + +Possible meanings are 1) "God acted powerfully and wisely by sending Christ to die for us" or "through Christ God has shown how strong and wise he is." + +# the power ... of God + +Another possible meaning is that Christ is powerful and it is through Christ that God saves us. + +# the wisdom of God + +Another possible meaning is that God shows the content of his wisdom through Christ. + +# the foolishness of God is wiser than people, and the weakness of God is stronger than people + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is speaking ironically about God's foolishness and weakness. Paul knows God is not foolish or weak. AT: "what seems to be the foolishness of God is wiser than people's wisdom, and what seems to be the weakness of God is stronger than the people's strength" or 2) Paul is speaking from the point of view of the Greek people who may think God is foolish or weak. AT: "what people call God's foolishness is really wiser than what people call wisdom, and what people call God's weakness is really stronger than people's strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/26.md b/1co/01/26.md index 62922fe070..a45b60afa6 100644 --- a/1co/01/26.md +++ b/1co/01/26.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Paul emphasizes the believer's position before God. -## translationNotes +# Not many of you -* **God's call on you** - "how God called you to be saints". -* **not many of you** - "Only a very few of you" -* **human standards** - "people's judgment" or "people's ideas of what is good" -* **of noble birth** - "special because your family is important" or "royal" -* **God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise** - God chose to use humble people that Jewish leaders believed to be unimportant to confirm that these leaders were not more important than others to God. -* **God chose what is weak in the world to shame what is strong.** - Repeating the previous sentence's idea in other words. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Very few of you" + +# wise by human standards + +"what most people would call wise" + +# of noble birth + +"special because your family is important" + +# God chose ... wise. God chose ... strong + +Paul repeats many of the same words in two sentences that mean almost the same thing to emphasize the difference between God's way of doing things and how people think God should do them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise + +"God chose to use those whom the world thinks are foolish to shame those whom the world thinks are wise" + +# God chose what is weak in the world to shame what is strong + +"God chose to use those whom the world thinks are weak to shame those whom the world thinks are strong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/28.md b/1co/01/28.md index 04e6a33525..68f8a22d8c 100644 --- a/1co/01/28.md +++ b/1co/01/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# what is low and despised -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast, boastful]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:world|world, worldly]] +the people whom the world rejects. AT: "people who are humble and rejected" -## translationNotes +# things that are regarded as nothing -* **what is low and despised** - the people whom the world rejects. AT: "people who are humble and rejected." -* **things that are regarded as nothing** - "that which people usually regard as without value" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to bring to nothing** - "to remove the importance of" -* **things that are held as valuable** - "things which people usually regard as valuable" or "things people think are worth money or worth respect." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He did this** - "God did this" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that which people usually regard as without value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nothing, to bring to nothing things that are held as valuable + +"nothing. He did this so he could show that the things that are held as valuable are really worthless" + +# things that are held as valuable + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "things that people think are worth money" or "things that people think are worth respect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He did this + +"God did this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/30.md b/1co/01/30.md index 2eec725182..ef43e2f194 100644 --- a/1co/01/30.md +++ b/1co/01/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Because of what God did -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This refers to the work of Christ on the cross. -## translationNotes +# us ... our -* **Because of what God did** - this refers to the work of Christ on the cross. -* **us...our** - Paul is including the Corinthians in "us". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **now you are in Christ Jesus** - "now you have received salvation through Christ Jesus" -* **Christ Jesus, who became for us the wisdom from God** - AT: "Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is" (UDB; see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **"Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord"** - AT: "If a person boasts, he should boast about how great the Lord is" +These words refer to Paul, those with him, and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Christ Jesus, who became for us wisdom from God + +Possible meanings are 1) "Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is" or 2) "Christ Jesus, who has given us God's wisdom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord + +"If a person boasts, he should boast about how great the Lord is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/intro.md b/1co/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2f46784be --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The first paragraph of 1 Corinthians was a common way of opening a letter in the ancient Near East. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:19, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Disunity ##### +In this chapter, Paul scolds the church for their disunity and their claims to follow different apostles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) + +##### Spiritual gifts ##### +Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities given to Christians after they come to faith in Jesus. This is not an exhaustive list of the spiritual gifts. Some scholars believe some of these gifts were only given in the early church because they were foundational to the development of the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idioms ##### + +The return of Christ to the earth is mentioned in two very different phrases: "the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ" and "the day of our Lord Jesus Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold them for dividing into factions and to say human wisdom is not enough to understand God's plans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +==Stumbling block == +A stumbling block is a rock people stumble over. Here it means the Jews have a problem believing that God would allow his Messiah to be crucified and so refuse to believe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Corinthians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/01.md b/1co/02/01.md index 52bc7f12b4..bff8e519c0 100644 --- a/1co/02/01.md +++ b/1co/02/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Paul contrasts human wisdom and God's wisdom. He emphasizes that spiritual wisdom comes from God. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **eloquence of speech** - a persuasive and elegant way of speaking. -* **to know nothing** - Paul focused on the crucifixion of Christ rather than on human ideas. By stating he would "know nothing ... except Christ" he was emphasizing complete focus on Christ. +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# I decided to know nothing ... except Jesus Christ + +When Paul said that he "decided to know nothing" he exaggerated to emphasize that he decided focus on and teach about nothing other than Jesus Christ. AT: "I decided to teach nothing ... except Jesus Christ" or "I decided not to teach anything ... except Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/03.md b/1co/02/03.md index ab5029a401..319e389041 100644 --- a/1co/02/03.md +++ b/1co/02/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I was with you -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"I was visiting with you" -## translationNotes +# in weakness -* **I was with you** - “I was visiting with you” -* **in weakness** - Possible meanings are: 1) "physically weak" (see UDB) or 2) "feeling inadequate" -* **persuasive** - convincing or able to cause people to do or believe something. -* **they** - Paul's message and proclamation of the gospel. +Possible meanings are: 1) "physically weak" or 2) "feeling like I could not do what I needed to do." + +# persuasive words of wisdom + +words that sound wise and with which the speaker hopes to cause people to do or believe something \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/06.md b/1co/02/06.md index e1484b11b3..a829991474 100644 --- a/1co/02/06.md +++ b/1co/02/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:age]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:predestine]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Paul interrupts his main argument to explain what he means by "wisdom" and to whom he desires to speak. -## translationNotes +# Now we do speak -* **speak wisdom** - "speak words of wisdom" -* **the mature** - AT: "mature believers". -* **for our glory** - "in order to ensure our future glory". +The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Paul begins to explain that true wisdom is God's wisdom. + +# speak wisdom + +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as the adjective, "wise." AT: "speak wise words" or "speak a wise message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the mature + +"mature believers" + +# before the ages + +"before God created anything" + +# for our glory + +"in order to ensure our future glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/08.md b/1co/02/08.md index 9e85e25119..d3aa06594a 100644 --- a/1co/02/08.md +++ b/1co/02/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the Lord of glory -* [[en:tw:age]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"Jesus, the glorious Lord" -## translationNotes +# Things that no eye ... imagined, the things ... who love him -* **the Lord of glory** - "Jesus, the glorious Lord" -* **Things that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, no mind imagined** - a triplet referring to all parts of a person to emphasize that no man has ever been aware of the things that God has prepared (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the things that God has prepared for those who love him** - The Lord has created in heaven wonderful surprises for those who love him. +This is an incomplete sentence. Some translations make it a complete sentence: "Things that no eye ... imagined; these are the things ... who love him." Others leave it incomplete but show that it is incomplete by using non-final punctuation here and beginning the next verse as a continuation of this verse: "'Things that no eye ... imagined, the things ... who love him'—" + +# Things that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, no mind has imagined + +This is a triplet referring to all parts of a person to emphasize that no man has ever been aware of the things that God has prepared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the things that God has prepared for those who love him + +The Lord has created in heaven wonderful surprises for those who love him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/10.md b/1co/02/10.md index 50f9ae1362..38c4a74b3f 100644 --- a/1co/02/10.md +++ b/1co/02/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# These are the things -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +Paul speaks of the truths about Jesus and the cross. If [1 Corinthians 2:9](./08.md) is treated as an incomplete sentence, "these are the things." -## translationNotes +# For who knows a person's thoughts except the spirit of the person in him? -* **These are the things** - the truths about Jesus and the cross. -* **For who knows a person's thoughts except the spirit of the person in him?** - Paul used this question to emphasize that no other man knows what a person is thinking except the person himself. AT: "No one knows what a person is thinking except that person's spirit" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **spirit of the person** - Note this "spirit" refers to the unclean or evil spirit in man that is distinct from the Spirit of God. +Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one knows what a person is thinking except the person himself. AT: "No one knows what a person is thinking except that person's spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# spirit of the person + +This refers to a person's inner being, his own spiritual nature. + +# no one knows the deep things of God except the Spirit of God + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "only the Spirit of God knows the deep things of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/12.md b/1co/02/12.md index 3bb111d3db..962d642005 100644 --- a/1co/02/12.md +++ b/1co/02/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here the word "we" includes both Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# freely given to us by God -* **But we** - "we" includes both Paul and his audience. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **freely given to us by God** - "that God freely gave to us" or "that God has freely given to us" (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the Spirit interpreting spiritual words with spiritual wisdom** - the Holy Spirit communicates God's truth to believers in the Spirit's own words and gives them his own wisdom. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God freely gave to us" or "that God has freely given us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The Spirit interprets spiritual words with spiritual wisdom + +The Holy Spirit communicates God's truth to believers in the Spirit's own words and gives them his own wisdom. + +# interprets + +"explains" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/14.md b/1co/02/14.md index a31ebe4769..69741770bb 100644 --- a/1co/02/14.md +++ b/1co/02/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:subject]] +Here the word "we" includes both Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# unspiritual person -* **unspiritual person** - the non-Christian person, who has not received the Holy Spirit. -* **because they are spiritually discerned ** - "because understanding these things requires the aid of the Spirit" -* **The one who is spiritual ** - AT: "the believer, who has received the Spirit. -* **For who can know the mind of the Lord, that he can instruct him? ** - Paul used this question to emphasize that no one knows the mind of the Lord. AT: "No one can know the mind of the Lord. Thus, no one can teach him anything he doesn't already know." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +the non-Christian person, who has not received the Holy Spirit + +# because they are spiritually discerned + +"because understanding these things requires the aid of the Spirit" + +# The one who is spiritual + +"The believer who has received the Spirit" + +# For who can know the mind of the Lord, that he can instruct him? + +Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one knows the mind of the Lord. AT: "No one can know the mind of the Lord, so no one can teach him anything he does not already know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/intro.md b/1co/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..383d846bf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent 2:9 and the first line of 2:16, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom ##### +Paul continues the discussion from the first chapter contrasting human and God's wisdom. For Paul, wisdom can be simple. He said the wisdom from the Holy Spirit is the only true wisdom. Human ideas are foolish. Paul uses the phrase "hidden wisdom" in referring to truths that were not previously known. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/01.md b/1co/03/01.md index 6254e01a42..65ddb4e32a 100644 --- a/1co/03/01.md +++ b/1co/03/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Paul now reminds the Corinthian believers of how they are actually living instead of behaving as their position before God is. He then reminds them that the person who teaches them is not as important as God who gives their growth. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **spiritual people** - People who live in the power of the Spirit. -* **fleshly people** - People who follow their own desires. -* **as to babes in Christ** - The Corinthians are compared to children very young in age and understanding. AT: "as to very young believers in Christ" (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I fed you milk and not meat** - The Corinthians can only take easy truths like babies that can only drink milk. They are not mature enough to understand greater truths like older children who now can eat food. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you are not ready** - "you are not ready to understand the harder teachings about following Christ" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# spiritual people + +people who obey the Spirit + +# fleshly people + +people who follow their own desires + +# as to little children in Christ + +The Corinthians are compared to children very young in age and understanding. AT: "as to very young believers in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I fed you milk, not solid food + +The Corinthians can understand only easy truths like babies who can drink only milk. They are not mature enough to understand greater truths like older children who now can eat solid food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are not yet ready + +It is implied that they are not ready to understand more difficult teachings. AT: "you still are not ready to understand the harder teachings about following Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/03.md b/1co/03/03.md index e0c531fa1c..be95ee3fd4 100644 --- a/1co/03/03.md +++ b/1co/03/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# still fleshly -* [[en:tw:apollos]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:strife]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +still behaving according to sinful or worldly desires -## translationNotes +# are you not living according to the flesh, and are you not walking by human standards? -* **are still fleshly** - behaving according to sinful or worldly desires. -* **are you living according to the flesh** - Paul was rebuking the Corinthians for their sinful behavior. AT: "you are behaving according to your sinful desires." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **do you not walk by human standards?** - Paul was rebuking the Corinthians for living according to human standards. AT: "you are following human standards." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **are you not living as human beings?** - Paul was rebuking them for living as people who do not have the Spirit. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who then is Apollos? And who is Paul?** - Paul was emphasizing that he and Apollos are not the original source of the gospels and therefore do not merit groups of followers. AT: “It is wrong to form groups to follow Apollos or Paul!” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]])) -* **Servants through whom you believed** - Paul answers his own question that he and Apollos are God's servants. AT: "you believed the gospel through the teachings of Paul and Apollos." -* **to each of whom the Lord gave tasks** - AT: "the Lord gave tasks to Paul and Apollos." +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for their sinful behavior. AT: "you should be ashamed because you are behaving according to your sinful desires and you are living by human standards!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# are you not living as human beings? + +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. AT: "you should be ashamed because you are living the same way people who do not have the Spirit live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who then is Apollos? Who is Paul? + +Paul is emphasizing that he and Apollos are not the original source of the gospel, and therefore the Corinthians should not follow them. AT: "It is wrong to form groups to follow Apollos or Paul!" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who is Paul + +Paul is speaking of himself as though he is speaking of someone else. "Who am I?" or AT: "I am not important!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Servants through whom you believed + +Paul answers his own question by saying that he and Apollos are God's servants. AT: "Paul and Apollos are servants of Christ, and you believed in Christ because we served him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Servants through whom you believed, to each of whom the Lord gave tasks + +This can be stated with the understood information. AT: "We are servants through whom youbelieved. We are only people to whom the Lord gave tasks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/06.md b/1co/03/06.md index 2f06569f7c..6c2550a7c9 100644 --- a/1co/03/06.md +++ b/1co/03/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I planted -* [[en:tw:Apollos]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] +The knowledge of God is compared to a seed which must be planted in order to grow. AT: "When I preached God's word to you, I was like one who plants seeds in a garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Apollos watered -* **planted** - The knowledge of God is compared to a seed which must be planted in order to grow. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **watered** - As seeds need water, faith needs further teaching in order for it to grow. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **growth** - As plants grow and develop, so also do faith and knowledge in God also grow and become deeper and stronger. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **neither he who plants...is anything, But it is God who gives the growth.** - Paul stresses that neither he or Apollos is responsible for the believer's spiritual growth but it is God's doing. -* [[:en:bible:notes:1co:03:03]] ]] +As seeds need water, faith needs further teaching in order for it to grow. AT: "and when Apollos continued to teach you God's word, he was like one who waters a garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but God gave the growth + +As plants grow and develop, so faith and knowledge in God also grow and become deeper and stronger. AT: "but God caused you to grow" or "but just as God causes plants to grow, he causes you to grow spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# neither he who plants ... is anything. But it is God who gives the growth + +Paul stresses that neither he nor Apollos is responsible for the believers' spiritual growth, but it is God's doing. + +# it is God who gives the growth + +Here to give growth means to cause growth. The abstract noun "growth" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "it is God who causes you to grow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/08.md b/1co/03/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index e43a9c3903..0000000000 --- a/1co/03/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* **he who plants and he who waters are one** - Planting and watering are considered the same work which Paul compares himself and Apollos to in ministering to the Corinth church. -* **his own wages** - an amount of money that a worker is paid based on how well they worked. -* **we** - Paul and Apollos but not the Corinth church. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **God's fellow workers ** - Paul considers himself and Apollos as God's fellow workers, working together. -* **God's garden** - God takes care of the Corinthian believers, like people who tend a garden to make it fruitful. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **God's building** - God has designed and created the Corinthian believers, like people who construct a building. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) diff --git a/1co/03/10.md b/1co/03/10.md index cf02f2b1a3..32301cd91e 100644 --- a/1co/03/10.md +++ b/1co/03/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# According to the grace of God that was given to me -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "According to the task that God freely gave me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# I laid a foundation -* **According to the grace of God that was given to me** - "According to the task that God freely gave me to do." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I laid a foundation** - Paul equates his teaching of faith and salvation in Jesus Christ to laying a foundation for a building. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **another builds on it** - Another worker continues to "build" the work in the church by helping these believers spiritually. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **let each man** - This refers to God's workers in general. AT: "let each person who serves God." -* **other than the one which has been laid** - After a building has been built on its foundation, the foundation cannot be changed. In this case, the spiritual foundation of the Corinthian church is Jesus Christ, built by Paul. AT: "other than the foundation that I, Paul, laid" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Paul equates his teaching of faith and salvation in Jesus Christ to laying a foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# another is building on it + +Paul is referring to the person or people who are teaching the Corinthians at that time as if they are carpenters who are constructing the building above the foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let each man + +This refers to God's workers in general. AT: "let each person who serves God" + +# no one can lay a foundation other than the one that has been laid + +This can be stated as active. AT: "no one can lay a foundation other than the foundation that I, Paul, have laid" or "I have already laid the only foundation that anyone can lay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/12.md b/1co/03/12.md index ead378647c..292af05e9f 100644 --- a/1co/03/12.md +++ b/1co/03/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +Paul speaks of what builders usually do when constructing a building to describe what the teachers in Corinth are actually doing. Builders usually only use gold, silver, or precious stones as decorations on buildings. -## translationNotes +# Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw -* **Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold,silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw** - The building materials used to build a new building are being compared to the spiritual values used to build a person's behavior and activities during his lifetime. AT: "whether a person builds with expensive, durable materials or cheap, flammable materials". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **precious stones** - "expensive stones." -* **his work will be revealed, for the daylight will reveal it.** - Just as daylight reveals the construction worker's efforts, so will the light of God's presence will reveal the quality of a man's efforts and activities. AT: "daylight will show the quality of his work". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **For it will be revealed in fire; the fire will test the quality of what each one had done.** - Just as Fire will reveal the strengths or destroy the weaknesses of a building, God's fire will judge man's efforts and activities. AT: "Fire will show the quality of his work." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The building materials used to build a new building are being compared to the spiritual values used to build a person's behavior and activities during his lifetime. AT: "Whether a person builds with valuable materials that will last or with cheap materials that burn easily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# precious stones + +"expensive stones" + +# his work will be revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will show everyone what the builder has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the daylight will reveal it + +The "daylight" here is a metaphor for the time when God will judge everyone. When God shows everyone what these teachers have done, it will be like the sun has come up to reveal what happened during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For it will be revealed in fire. The fire will test the quality of what each one had done + +Just as fire will reveal the strengths or destroy the weaknesses of a building, God's fire will judge man's efforts and activities. AT: "God will use fire to show the quality of his work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/14.md b/1co/03/14.md index f4834b85cf..c0a7291e9a 100644 --- a/1co/03/14.md +++ b/1co/03/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The terms "a person" and "anyone's" and "he" and "himself" refer to believers. -## translationNotes +# remains -* **remains** - "lasts" or "survives" (UDB) -* **if anyone's work is burned up** - AT: "if the fire destroys anyone's work" or "if the fire ruins anyone's work" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **"anyone's", "he", "himself"** - these terms refer to the "person." AT: the "person" or "he" (UDB) -* **he will suffer loss, but he himself will be saved** - "he will lose that work and any reward he might have earned if that work had survived the fire, but God will save him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"lasts" or "survives" + +# if anyone's work is burned up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if the fire destroys anyone's work" or "if the fire ruins anyone's work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he will suffer loss + +The abstract noun "loss" can be expressed with the verb "lose." AT: "he will lose his reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but he himself will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but God will save him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/16.md b/1co/03/16.md index f2fdd269a1..c1fb3391f1 100644 --- a/1co/03/16.md +++ b/1co/03/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you not know that you are God's temple and that the Spirit of God lives in you? -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Do you not know that you are God's temple and that the Spirit of God lives in you?** - AT: "You are God's temple and the Spirit of God lives in you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **destroy** - "ruin" or "damage" -* **God will destroy that person. For God's temple is holy, and so are you.** - AT: "God will destroy that person because God's temple is holy and you are holy also." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. AT: "You act as though you do not know that you are God's temple and the Spirit of God lives in you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/18.md b/1co/03/18.md index 402d382e0f..583637635f 100644 --- a/1co/03/18.md +++ b/1co/03/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Let no one deceive himself -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Nobody should believe the lie that he himself is wise in this world. -## translationNotes +# in this age -* **Let no man deceive himself** - Nobody should believe the lie that he himself is wise in this world. -* **in this age** - "now" -* **let him become a "fool" that he may become wise** - "that person should accept what the world thinks is foolishness, in order to gain God's true wisdom" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **"He catches the wise in their craftiness"** - God traps the people who think they are clever, and uses their own schemes to trap them. -* **"The Lord knows that the reasoning of the wise"** - AT:"The Lord know the plans of people who think they are wise" or "The Lord overhears all the planning of the wise" (UDB) -* **futile** - "useless." AT: "worthless" or "pointless." +according to the way people who do not believe decide what is wise + +# let him become a "fool" + +"that person should be willing to have people who do not believe call him a fool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# He catches the wise in their craftiness + +God traps the people who think they are clever and uses their own schemes to trap them. + +# The Lord knows that the reasoning of the wise is futile + +"The Lord knows that what people who think they are wise plan to do is futile" + +# futile + +useless \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/21.md b/1co/03/21.md index 8271230d43..5d484c1701 100644 --- a/1co/03/21.md +++ b/1co/03/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# you are Christ's, and Christ is God's -* [[en:tw:apollos]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:world]] - -## translationNotes - -* **No more boasting about people!** - Paul is giving a command to the Corinthian believers. AT: "Stop boasting about how one leader is better than another". -* **boasting** - "expressing too much pride in." The Corinthian believers were exalting Paul or Apollos or Cephas, when they should be worshiping Jesus Christ. -* **you are Christ’s, and Christ is God’s** - "you belong to Christ, and Christ belongs to God" +"you belong to Christ, and Christ belongs to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/intro.md b/1co/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dd492e85b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:19 and 20, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== Fleshly people== +The Corinthian believers were immature because of their unrighteous actions. He calls them "fleshly," meaning thinking as a nonbeliever. This term is used in opposition to those who are "spiritual." Christians following their "flesh" are foolish and they are following the wisdom of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter. He uses "babies" and "milk" as illustrations of spiritual immaturity. Paul uses the metaphors of planting and watering, to describe the roles he and Apollos played in growing the church in Corinth. Paul also uses many other metaphors to help teach spiritual truths to the Corinthians to help them to understand his teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/01.md b/1co/04/01.md index b03499fb87..8e2942fc91 100644 --- a/1co/04/01.md +++ b/1co/04/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Having just reminded the people not to be proud concerning who taught them about the Lord and who had baptized them, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that all believers are to be humble servants. -## translationNotes +# what is required of stewards -* **In this connection** - AT: "Because we are these stewards" -* **it is a requirement for stewards that they be** - AT: "we are required to be" +Paul is speaking of himself as if he were speaking about other people. AT: "we are required to be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/03.md b/1co/04/03.md index b04a26c2a1..bdffc17273 100644 --- a/1co/04/03.md +++ b/1co/04/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# it is a very small thing that I should be judged by you -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] +Paul is comparing the difference between human judgment and God's judgment. Man's judgment is not important compared to God's true judgment upon man. -## translationNotes +# I am not aware of any charge being made against me -* ** it is a very small thing that I should be judged by you** - Paul is comparing the difference between human judgement and God's judgement. Man's judgment is trivial compared to God's true judgement upon man. -* ** I am not aware of any charge being made** - AT: "I have not heard of any accusation." -* **that does not mean I am innocent. It is the Lord who judges me.** - "that lack of accusation does not prove I am innocent; the Lord knows if I am innocent or guilty." +"I have not heard anyone accuse me of doing wrong" + +# that does not mean I am innocent. It is the Lord who judges me + +"that lack of accusation does not prove I am innocent. The Lord knows if I am innocent or guilty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/05.md b/1co/04/05.md index 81949c0a93..a568095da6 100644 --- a/1co/04/05.md +++ b/1co/04/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore do not pronounce judgment about anything -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] +"Therefore do not judge anything" or "Therefore do not judge anyone" -## translationNotes +# He will bring to light the hidden things of darkness and reveal the purposes of the heart -* **Therefore do not judge ** - Since God will judge when he comes, we are not to judge. -* **before the Lord comes** - refers to Christ's Second Coming -* **of the hearts** - "of people's hearts" -* **bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and make known the counsels of the hearts** - God will make known people's thoughts and intentions. Nothing will remain hidden before the Lord. +God will make known people's thoughts and intentions. AT: "Like a light that shines on things in darkness, God will show what people have secretly done and what they secretly planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of the heart + +"of people's hearts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/06.md b/1co/04/06.md index 7e757d91ec..8f9192a691 100644 --- a/1co/04/06.md +++ b/1co/04/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast, boastful]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:puffed-up]] -* [[en:tw:puffed-up|puffed up]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## translationNotes +# for your sakes -* **for your sakes** - "for your welfare" -* **Do not go beyond what is written** - "Do not act contrary to what is written in the Scriptures" (TFT) -* **For who sees any difference between you and others?** - Paul rebuked the Corinthians who think they are better for having believed the gospel by Paul or by Apollos. AT: "You are not superior to other men." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What do you have that you did not freely receive?** - Paul emphasized that God gave them what they have for free. AT: "Everything that you have, God gave those things to you!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **why do you boast as if you have done so?** - Paul was rebuking them for boasting in what they received. AT: "You do not have the right to boast" or "Do not boast at all." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* [[:en:bible:notes:1co:04:05]] ]] +"for your welfare" + +# between you ... do you have that you did not ... you have freely ... do you boast ... you had not + +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of "you" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# For who sees any difference between you and others? + +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians who think they are better than those who heard the gospel from someone else. AT: "You are not superior to other men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What do you have that you did not freely receive? + +Paul emphasizes that God gave them what they have for free. AT: "God gave to you everything that you have for free!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# why do you boast as if you had not done so? + +Paul was rebuking them for boasting in what they received. AT: "You do not have the right to boast!" or "Do not boast at all!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/08.md b/1co/04/08.md index 4e760ab0d9..682991b179 100644 --- a/1co/04/08.md +++ b/1co/04/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:apostle|apostle, apostleship]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] +Paul uses irony here to shame the Corinthians and make them realize that they are sinning when they are proud of themselves and their teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# God has put us apostles on display -* **Already** - Paul is using sarcasm to express his point. -* **God has put us apostles on display ...** - Paul expresses two ways how God has put his apostles on display for the world to see. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **has put us apostles on display** - God has displayed the apostles just like prisoners at the end of a Roman military parade are humiliated before their execution. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like men sentenced to death** - God put the apostles on display like men who are about to be executed. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **to angels and to human beings** - to both supernatural and mankind. +Paul expresses two ways how God has put his apostles on display for the world to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# has put us apostles on display + +God has displayed the apostles just like prisoners at the end of a Roman military parade, who are humiliated before their execution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like men sentenced to death + +God put the apostles on display like men who are about to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the world—to angels, and to human beings + +Possible meanings are 1) "the world" consists of both supernatural ("angels") and natural ("human beings") or 2) the list consists of three items: "to the world, to angels, and to human beings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/10.md b/1co/04/10.md index d576e5eb0a..1b941c1746 100644 --- a/1co/04/10.md +++ b/1co/04/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# We are fools ... in dishonor -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor|dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians so they will think about what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# You are held in honor -* **We are fools for Christ’s sake, but you are wise in Christ** - Paul uses opposites to contrast The world's view and Christian's view of believing in Christ. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **We are weak, but you are strong** - Paul uses opposites to contrast the world view and Christian's view of believing in Christ. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **You are held in honor** - "People hold you Corinthians in a position of honor" -* **we are held in dishonor** - "people hold us apostles in a position of dishonor" -* **up to this present hour** - AT: "until now" or "up to now" -* **brutally beaten** - AT: "punished with hard physical beatings" +"People treat you Corinthians as though you are important people" + +# we are held in dishonor + +"people shame us apostles" + +# Up to this present hour + +"Until now" or "Up to now" + +# we are brutally beaten + +This refers to hitting with the hand, not with whips or clubs. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people beat us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we are homeless + +Paul means that they had places to stay, but they had to move around from place to place. They had no fixed home. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/12.md b/1co/04/12.md index 778a706b0f..16cec6c644 100644 --- a/1co/04/12.md +++ b/1co/04/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When we are reviled, we bless -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:endure|endure, endurance]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:kind|kind]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:persecute|persecute, persecution]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:slander|slander, slanderer]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When people revile us, we bless them" or "When people scorn us, we bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# When we are persecuted -* **When we are reviled, we bless** - "When people revile us, we bless them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **revile** - AT: "scorn." Possibly: "abuse", or "curse" (UDB) -* **When we are persecuted** - "When people persecute us" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **When we are slandered** - "When people unfairly slander us" -* **We had become, and are still considered to be, the refuse of the world ** - "We became, and people still consider us to be, the garbage of the world." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When people persecute us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When we are slandered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When people slander us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We have become, and are still considered to be, the refuse of the world + +"People began to consider us—and they still consider us—to be the garbage of the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/14.md b/1co/04/14.md index d16f547e90..dc7ff3d985 100644 --- a/1co/04/14.md +++ b/1co/04/14.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I do not write these things to shame you, but to correct you -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:beloved|beloved]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews|good news, gospel]] -* [[en:tw:imitate]] -* [[en:tw:imitate|imitate, imitator]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] +"I do not intend to shame you, but to improve you" or "I am not trying to shame you, but I want to correct you" -## translationNotes +# correct -* **I do not write these things to shame you, but to correct you** - AT: "I don't intend to shame you, but to improve you" or "I am not trying to shame you, but I want to correct you." (UDB) -* **ten thousand tutors** - an exaggeration of the number of people guiding him, to emphasize the importance of the one spiritual father. (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **children...father** - Because Paul had led them to Christ, he is like a father to the Corinthians. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **correct** - AT: "improve" or "make better" -* **urge** - AT: "encourage strongly" or"recommend strongly" +"warn" + +# ten thousand guardians + +This is an exaggeration of the number of people guiding them, to emphasize the importance of the one spiritual father. AT: "very many guardians" or "a large crowd of guardians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# children ... father + +Because Paul had led them to Christ, he is like a father to the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I became your father in Christ Jesus through the gospel + +Paul is emphasizing firstly that his relationship with the Corinthians is most importantly "in Christ," secondly that it came because he told them the good news, and thirdly that he is the one who is like a father to them. "it was because God joined you to Christ when I told you the good news that I was the one who became your father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/17.md b/1co/04/17.md index 3e345366fb..b6ca8fd532 100644 --- a/1co/04/17.md +++ b/1co/04/17.md @@ -1,22 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# my beloved and faithful child in the Lord -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:beloved|beloved]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] -* [[en:tw:timothy|Timothy]] +"whom I love and whom I teach about the Lord as if he were my own child" -## translationNotes +# Now -* **now** - Paul shifts his writing to rebuking their arrogant behavior. +This word indicates that Paul is shifting his topic to rebuking the arrogant behavior of the Corinthian believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/19.md b/1co/04/19.md index e70b24a11a..604d0dae79 100644 --- a/1co/04/19.md +++ b/1co/04/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will come to you -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod|kingdom of God, kingdom of heaven]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod|will of God]] +"I will visit you" -## translationNotes +# What do you want? -* ** I will come to you** - "I will visit you." -* **does not consist in talk** - AT: "is not made of words" or "is not about what you say" (UDB) -* **What do you want?** - Paul was making a last appeal to the Corinthians as he has been rebuking the Corinthians for the errors they made. AT: "Tell me what you want to happen now." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Shall I come to you with a rod or with love and a spirit of gentleness** - Paul is offering the Corinthians either of two opposing attitudes he could use when approaching them. AT: "Do you want me to come teach you harshly, or do you want me to show you love and treat you gently." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **gentleness** - AT: "kindness" or "tenderness" +Paul was making a last appeal to the Corinthians, as he has been rebuking them for the errors they had made. AT: "Tell me what you want to happen now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Shall I come to you with a rod or with love and in a spirit of gentleness + +Paul is offering the Corinthians two opposing attitudes he could use when approaching them. AT: "If you want, I can come to punish you, or I can come to show you how much I love you by being gentle with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# gentleness + +"kindness" or "tenderness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/intro.md b/1co/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e4645d26a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the last line of 4:6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pride ##### +Paul contrasts the Corinthians' pride with the humbleness of the apostles. The Corinthian believers have no reason to be proud because all that they have, and all they are, is a gift from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter. The apostles are described as servants. Paul speaks of a victory parade where the apostles are the prisoners who will be killed. He uses a rod to stand for punishment. He calls himself their father because he is their "spiritual father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +##### Irony ##### +Paul uses irony to shame the pride of the Corinthians. The Corinthian believers are reigning but the apostles are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/01.md b/1co/05/01.md index 34f3f7f8ec..e1dd9f84ad 100644 --- a/1co/05/01.md +++ b/1co/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:gentile|Gentile]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sex|have relations with, sleep with]] +Paul now specifically states about what sin of theirs he has heard, and how the Corinthian believers are proud of their acceptance of that man and his sin. -## translationNotes +# that is not even permitted among the Gentiles -* **that is not even permitted among the Gentiles** - "that not even the Gentiles permit." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **father's wife** - the wife of his father, but not likely his mother. -* **Should you not mourn instead?** - This rhetorical question is used to scold the Corinthians. AT: "You should mourn over this instead!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The one who did this must be removed from among you** - "You must remove the one who did this from among you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that not even the Gentiles permit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# father's wife + +the wife of his father, but probably not his own mother + +# Should you not mourn instead? + +This rhetorical question is used to scold the Corinthians. AT: "You should mourn over this instead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The one who did this must be removed from among you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must remove the one who did this from among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/03.md b/1co/05/03.md index 79ea1e6dc4..b7c4153828 100644 --- a/1co/05/03.md +++ b/1co/05/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I am present in spirit -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord|day of the Lord, day of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:satan|Satan, devil, evil one]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] +"I am with you in spirit." Being with them in spirit represents caring about them or wanting to be with them. AT: "I care about you" or "I want to be with you" -## translationNotes +# I have already passed judgment on the one who did this -* **present in spirit** - Paul is present with them in his thoughts. "I am with you in my thoughts". -* **I have already judged this person** - "I have found this person guilty" -* **gather together** - "meet" -* **in the name of our Lord Jesus** - an idiomatic expression for coming together to worship Jesus Christ. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **hand this man over to Satan** - This refers to expelling the man from God's people, so that he lives in Satan's realm, the world outside of the church. -* **for the destruction of the flesh** - In order that the man becomes physically ill as God disciplines him for his sin. +Possible meanings are 1) "I have decided decided what you should do with the one who did this" or 2) "I have found the person who did this guilty" + +# When you are assembled + +"When you are together" or "When you meet together" + +# in the name of our Lord Jesus + +Possible meanings are 1) the name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. AT: "with the authority of our Lord Jesus" or 2) being assembled in the Lord's name implies meeting together to worship him. AT: "to worship our Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# hand this man over to Satan + +Handing the man over to Satan represents not allowing the man to be part of their group so that Satan would be allowed to harm him. AT: "make this man leave your group so that Satan can harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the destruction of the flesh + +Possible meanings are 1) "flesh" refers to his physical body. AT: "so that Satan may harm his body" or 2) "flesh" is a metaphor for the sinful nature. AT: "so that his sinful nature will be destroyed" or "so that he will not continue to live according to his sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that his spirit may be saved on the day of the Lord + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that God may save his spirit on the day of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/06.md b/1co/05/06.md index 32381e09da..597b843129 100644 --- a/1co/05/06.md +++ b/1co/05/06.md @@ -1,34 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Your boasting is not good -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast, boastful]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:passover|Passover]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread|unleavened bread]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast, leaven]] +"Your boasting is bad" -## translationNotes +# Do you not know that a little yeast leavens the whole loaf? -* **Do you not know that a little yeast leavens the whole loaf?** - Just as a little yeast spreads throughout a whole loaf of bread, so can a little sin impact the entire fellowship of believers. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **has been sacrificed** - "The Lord God sacrificed Christ Jesus" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed.** - As the passover Lamb covered the sins of Israel by faith each year so did Christ's death cover the sins of all who trust in Christ by faith for eternity. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Just as a little yeast spreads throughout a whole loaf of bread, so can a little sin impact the entire fellowship of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed + +As the Passover lamb covered the sins of Israel by faith each year, so did Christ's death cover the sins of all who trust in Christ by faith for eternity. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Lord has sacrificed Christ, our Passover lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/09.md b/1co/05/09.md index 2bf3ac8e08..040ec4c7e6 100644 --- a/1co/05/09.md +++ b/1co/05/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# sexually immoral people -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This refers to people who claim to believe in Christ but behave in this manner. -## translationNotes +# the immoral people of this world -* **sexually immoral people** - this refers to people who claim to believe in Christ but behave in this manner -* **the immoral people of this world** - People who have chosen to live an immoral life style who are not believers. -* **the greedy** - "those who are greedy" or "those who want everything that everyone else has" -* **swindlers ** - This means people who "cheat or defraud of money or property." -* **to stay away from them you would need to go out of the world** - no place in this world is free from such behavior. AT: "to stay away from them you would need avoid all men." +people who have chosen to live an immoral lifestyle, who are not believers + +# the greedy + +"those who are greedy" or "those who are willing to be dishonest to get what others have" + +# swindlers + +This means people who cheat to get others' property. + +# you would need to go out of the world + +"you would need to avoid all people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/11.md b/1co/05/11.md index 8b34af3a1c..dbe139251c 100644 --- a/1co/05/11.md +++ b/1co/05/11.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:drunk|drunk]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:slander|slander, slanderer]] +Paul tells them how to treat believers in the church who refuse to be corrected for their involvement in sexual immorality and other obvious sins before others. -## translationNotes +# anyone who is called -* **anyone who is called** - Anyone who calls himself a believer in Christ. -* **how am I involved with judging those who are outside the church?** - AT: "I do not judge people who do not belong to the church." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **are you not to judge those who are inside the church?** - "You should judge those who are inside the church." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"anyone who calls himself" + +# brother + +Here this means a fellow Christian, either a man or a woman. + +# how am I involved with judging those who are outside the church? + +Paul is emphasizing that he is not the one to judge people outside the church. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "I am not the one who should judge people who do not belong to the church" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# are you not to judge those who are inside the church? + +Paul is scolding the Corinthians. "you should know that you are the ones who should judge those who are inside the church" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/intro.md b/1co/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1f0524fbff --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the line of 5:13, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Euphemisms ##### + +Paul uses euphemisms to describe sensitive topics. This chapter deals with sexual immorality of one church member. To "hand this man over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh," means to allow Satan to destroy his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fornication]]) + +##### Metaphor ##### +He uses an extended comparison using many metaphors. Yeast represents evil. The loaf probably represents the whole congregation. The unleavened bread represents a pure life. The Passover represents the Christian life. So the whole passage means: Don't you know that a little evil will affect the whole congregation. So clean yourselves from evil so you will all be good. Christ has been sacrificed for us; so let us be sincere and truthful and not wicked and behaving badly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/01.md b/1co/06/01.md index 04683f4425..55802c0827 100644 --- a/1co/06/01.md +++ b/1co/06/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:saint|saints]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever|unbeliever, unbelief]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:world|world, worldly]] +Paul then explains how believers are to settle disagreements with other believers. -## translationNotes +# dispute -* **dispute** - AT: "disagreement" or "argument" -* **civil court** - where a local, government judge considers cases and decides who is right -* **does he dare to go to the civil court before an unbelieving judge rather than before the saints?** - Paul says that Christians must resolve disagreements among themselves. AT: "Do not bring your accusations against a fellow believer before an unbelieving judge. Fellow believers must resolve their disagreements among themselves." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do you not know that the saints will judge the world?** - Paul is referring the future aspect of judging this world. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **if you will judge the world, are you not able to settle unimportant matters?** - Paul said that they will be given the responsibility and ability to judge the entire world in the future, so they should be able to judge lesser disputes among themselves now. AT: "You will judge the world in the future, so you can settle this matter now." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **matters** - "disputes" or "disagreements" -* **Do you not know that we will judge angels?** - "You know that we will judge angels." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **we** - Paul includes himself and the Corinthians. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **How much more, then, can we not judge matters of this life?** - AT: "Because we will be given the responsibility and ability to judge the angels, we can certainly judge matters in this life." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"disagreement" or "argument" + +# does he dare to go ... believers? + +Paul is emphasizing that Christians must resolve disagreements among themselves. AT: "he should not dare to go ... believers!" or "he should be fear God and not go ... believers!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# civil court + +where a local government judge considers cases and decides who is right + +# Do you not know that the believers will judge the world? + +Paul is shaming the Corinthians for acting like they do not know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If then, you will judge the world, are you not able to settle matters of little importance? + +Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. AT: "you will judge the world in the future, so you should be able to settle this matter now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +# matters + +"disputes" or "disagreements" + +# Do you not know that we will judge the angels? + +Paul is surprised that they do not seem to know. AT: "You know that we will judge the angels." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we + +Paul includes himself and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# How much more, then, can we judge matters of this life? + +Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. AT: "Because we know we will judge the angels, we can also be sure that God will enable us to judge matters in this life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/04.md b/1co/06/04.md index 514dad78ab..2d22e3b6e3 100644 --- a/1co/06/04.md +++ b/1co/06/04.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life, why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church? -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever|unbeliever, unbelief]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question or 2) this is a statement, "When in the past you have settled matters that are important in this life, you have not handed off disputes between Christians to be settled by unbelievers" or 3) this is a command, "When you settle matters that are important in this life, it is even to those who have no standing in the church that you should hand off disputes to be settled!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life -* **If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life** - AT: "If you are called upon to make decisions about daily life" or "if you must settle matters that are important in this life" (UDB) -* **why do you lay such cases** - "You should not submit such cases." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **those who have no standing in the church** - Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. Possible meanings are that 1) "You should stop giving such cases to members of the church who are not qualified to decide them" or 2) “You should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church” or 3) “You could give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to your shame** - AT: "to your dishonor" or "to show how you have failed in this matter." (UDB) -* **Is there not anyone among you wise enough to settle a dispute between brothers and sisters?** - AT: "You can find a wise believer to settle arguments between believers." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **dispute** - "argument" or "disagreement" -* **But as it stands** - AT: "But the way it is now" or "But instead" (UDB) -* **one believer goes to court against another believer, and that case is placed before a judge who is an unbeliever ** - AT: "believers who have disputes with each other ask unbelieving judges to make decisions for them." -* **that case is placed** - "a believer submits that case" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"If you are called upon to make decisions about daily life" or "If you must settle matters that are important in this life" + +# why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church? + +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. Possible meanings are that 1) "you should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church." or 2) "you could give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to your shame + +"to your dishonor" or "to show how you have failed in this matter" + +# Is there no one among you wise enough to settle a dispute between brothers? + +Paul is shaming the Corinthians. AT: "You should be ashamed that you cannot find a wise believer to settle arguments between believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# dispute + +"argument" or "disagreement" + +# But as it stands + +"But the way it is now" or "But instead" + +# one believer goes to court against another believer, and that case is placed before a judge who is an unbeliever + +"believers who have disputes with each other ask unbelieving judges to make decisions for them" + +# that case is placed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a believer submits that case" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/07.md b/1co/06/07.md index 0bc668aa8b..9f563d0484 100644 --- a/1co/06/07.md +++ b/1co/06/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# defeat -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:christian]] -* [[en:tw:christian|Christian]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:wrong|wrong, mistreat, hurt]] +"failure" or "loss" -## translationNotes +# Why not rather suffer the wrong? Why not rather allow yourselves to be cheated? -* **defeat** - AT: "failure" or "loss" -* **cheat** - AT: "trick" or "deceive" -* **Why not rather suffer the wrong? Why not rather allow yourselves to be cheated?** - AT: "It's better to let others wrong you and cheat you than to take them to court." (See; [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* ** your own brothers and sisters** - All believers in Christ are brothers and sisters of each other. AT: "your own fellow believers" +Paul continues to shame the Corinthians. AT: "It would be better to let others wrong you and cheat you than to take them to court." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your own brothers + +All believers in Christ are brothers and sisters of each other. "your own fellow believers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/09.md b/1co/06/09.md index a6e0ca52fe..a68c1113ec 100644 --- a/1co/06/09.md +++ b/1co/06/09.md @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you not know that -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterer]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod|kingdom of God, kingdom of heaven]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:slander|slander, slanderer]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous|unrighteous, unrighteousness]] +Paul emphasizes that they should already know this truth. AT: "You already know that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# inherit -* **Do you not know that - ** - ** He emphasizes that they should already know this truth. AT: "You already know that" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **inherit the kingdom of God** - God will not judge them as righteous at the judgment and they will not enter eternal life. -* **male prostitutes** - This is prostitute who is a man who sleeps with other men. -* **those who practice homosexuality** - when a man sleeps with another man -* **thief** - "one who steals from others" or "robber" -* **the greedy** - AT: "people who take more so others don't get enough" -* **swindler** - AT: "cheater" or "those who steal from others who trust in them" (UDB) -* **you have been cleansed** - God has cleansed you (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you have been made holy** - God has made you holy or sanctified you (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you have been made right with God** - God has made you right with him (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# inherit the kingdom of God + +God will not judge them as righteous at the judgment, and they will not enter eternal life. + +# male prostitutes, those who practice homosexuality + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a merism for all homosexual activity or 2) Paul is naming two different activities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# male prostitutes + +Possible meanings are 1) men who allow other men to sleep with them or 2) men who allow men who pay them to sleep with them or 3) men who allow other men to sleep with them as part of a religious activity. + +# those who practice homosexuality + +men who sleep with other men + +# thieves + +"people who steal from others" or "robbers" + +# the greedy + +people who are willing to use evil means to take others' property + +# swindlers + +"cheaters" or "those who steal from others who trust in them" + +# you have been cleansed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has cleansed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have been sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has set you apart for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have been made right with God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has made you right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/12.md b/1co/06/12.md index 9e383c0e68..3be49bf5a6 100644 --- a/1co/06/12.md +++ b/1co/06/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:dominion|dominion]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:lawful|lawful]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] +Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that God wants them pure because Christ has bought them with his death. Their bodies are now God's temple. He does so by saying what the Corinthians might say and then correcting them. -## translationNotes +# Everything is lawful for me -* **"Everything is lawful for me"** - AT: "Some say, 'I can do anything'" or "I am allowed to do anything" -* **but not everything is beneficial** - "but not everything is good for me" -* **I will not be mastered by any of them** - AT: "These things will not rule over me like a master." -* **"Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food" - but God will do away with both of them** - but God will do away with both of them** - AT: "Some say 'food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,' but God will do away with both the stomach and food". -* **the stomach** - the physical body (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **do away with** - "destroy" +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, "Some say, 'I can do anything'" or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, "God allows me to do anything." + +# but not everything is beneficial + +Paul is answering whoever says, "Everything is lawful for me." AT: "but not everything is good for me" + +# I will not be mastered by any of them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not allow these things to rule over me like a master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# "Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food," but God will do away with both of them + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is correcting what some Corinthians might be thinking, "food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food," by answering that God will do away with both the stomach and food or 2) Paul actually agrees that "food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food," but he is adding that God will do away with both of them. + +# Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food + +One possible meanings is that the speaker is speaking indirectly of the body and sex, but you should translate this literally as "stomach" and "food." + +# do away with + +"destroy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/14.md b/1co/06/14.md index 7b1d32d0a0..138bfbf491 100644 --- a/1co/06/14.md +++ b/1co/06/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# raised the Lord -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:member]] -* [[en:tw:member|member]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] +caused Jesus to be alive again -## translationNotes +# Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? -* ** raised the Lord** - Caused Jesus to be alive again. -* **Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ?** - Just as our arms and legs are members of our own bodies, so our bodies are members of Christ's body the church. AT: "Your bodies are part of Christ" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Shall I then take away the members of Christ and join them to a prostitute?** - AT: "You are part of Christ, I will not join you with a prostitute." -* **May it not be!** - AT: "That should never happen!" +The word translated as "members" refers to parts of a body. Our belonging to Christ is spoken of as if we were parts of his body. We belong to him so much that even our bodies belong to him. Paul uses this question to remind the people of something they should already know. AT: "You should know that your bodies belong to Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Shall I then take away the members of Christ and join them to a prostitute? May it not be! + +Paul uses this question to emphasize how wrong it is for someone who belongs to Christ to go to a prostitute. AT: "I am part of Christ. I will not take my body and join myself to a prostitute!" or "We are parts of Christ's body. We must not take our bodies and join ourselves to prostitutes!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# May it not be! + +"That should never happen!" or "We must never do that!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/16.md b/1co/06/16.md index 7ce9dcb601..cf7accd183 100644 --- a/1co/06/16.md +++ b/1co/06/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you not know that ... her? -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +Paul begins to teach the Corinthians by emphasizing a truth that they already know. "I want to remind you that ... her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# he who is joined to a prostitute becomes one flesh with her -* **Do you not know that** - "You already know that." Paul emphasizes a truth that they already know. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **But he who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with him** - AT: "A person who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with the Lord." +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "when a man joins his body to the body of a prostitute, it is as if their bodies become one body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with him + +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "when the Lord joins his spirit to the spirit of a person, it is as if their spirits become one spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/18.md b/1co/06/18.md index 08dd20188a..36019e1a18 100644 --- a/1co/06/18.md +++ b/1co/06/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Run away from -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:run]] -* [[en:tw:run|run, running]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +Paul speaks of a person rejecting sexual sin as if that person were running away from danger. AT: "Get away from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# immorality! Every other sin that a person commits is outside the body, but -* **Run away from** - The physical image of a person running from danger is compared to the spiritual image of a person rejecting sin. AT: "Get away from". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **commits** - AT: "does" or "performs" -* **"Every other sin that a person commits is outside the body"—but the sexually immoral person sins against his own body** - Sexual sin can result in one's own body becoming sick with disease, but other sins do not harm the physical body the same way. +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is showing that sexual sin is especially bad because it is not only against others but against the sinner's own body or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. AT: "immorality! Some of you are saying, 'Every sin that a person commits is outside the body,' but I say that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# commits + +"does" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/19.md b/1co/06/19.md index 0944eca2d2..cc63e5439a 100644 --- a/1co/06/19.md +++ b/1co/06/19.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you not know ... God? ... that you are not your own? -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:glorify|glorify]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] +Paul is continuing to teach the Corinthians by emphasizing what they already know. AT: "I want to remind you ... God and that you are not your own." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# your body -* **Do you not know** - "You already know". Paul is emphasizing that they already know this truth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **your body** - the body of each individual Christian is a temple of the Holy Spirit. -* **temple of the Holy Spirit** - A temple is dedicated to divine beings and where they also dwell. In the same way, each Corinthian believer's body is like a temple since the Holy Spirit is present within them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For you were bought with a price** - God paid for the freedom of the Corinthians from the slavery of sin. AT: "God paid for your freedom". -* **Therefore** - AT: "so" or "since this is true" or "because of this fact" +the body of each individual Christian is a temple of the Holy Spirit + +# temple of the Holy Spirit + +A temple is dedicated to divine beings, and it is also where they dwell. In the same way, each Corinthian believer's body is like a temple because the Holy Spirit is present within them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For you were bought with a price + +God paid for the freedom of the Corinthians from the slavery of sin. This can be stated as active. AT: "God paid for your freedom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Therefore + +"Because this is true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/intro.md b/1co/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..117f6747d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Lawsuits ##### + +Christians should not take another Christian to court before a non-Christian judge. It is better to be cheated. Since Christians will judge the angels, they should be able to solve problems among themselves. It is especially bad to use a court to cheat another believer. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The temple of the Holy Spirit is an important metaphor. It is a reference to the place where the Holy Spirit stays and is worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/01.md b/1co/07/01.md index ef6c9d2950..ae5201779f 100644 --- a/1co/07/01.md +++ b/1co/07/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sex|have relations with, sleep with]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:tempt|tempt, temptation]] +Paul gives the believers some specific instructions on marriage. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now** - Paul is introducing a new topic in his teaching. -* **the things about which you wrote me** - The Corinthians had written a letter to Paul to ask for answers to certain questions. -* **for a man** - in this usage, male spouse or husband -* **it is good** - AT: "it is right and acceptable" -* **But because of temptations for many immoral acts** - AT: "But because people experience temptation to commit sexual sin." -* **each man should have his own wife, and each woman should have her own husband** - To clarify this for polygamous cultures, "each man should have one wife, and each woman should have one husband." +Paul is introducing a new topic in his teaching. + +# the issues you wrote about + +The Corinthians had written a letter to Paul to ask for answers to certain questions. + +# about: "It is good for a man not to touch a woman." But because + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is quoting what the Corinthians had written, "about: you wrote, 'It is good for a man not to touch a woman.' That is true, but because" or 2) Paul is saying what he really thinks, "about: my answer is that yes, it is good for a man not to touch a woman. But because" + +# It is good + +"It is most helpful" + +# for a man + +Possible meanings are 1) "a man" refers to a married man. AT: "a husband" or 2) "a man" refers to any man. + +# not to touch a woman + +Possible meanings are 1) "touch a woman" is a euphemism for having sexual relations. AT: "not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while" or 2) "touch a woman" is a metonym for marry. AT: "not to marry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). + +# But because of temptations for many immoral acts, each + +"But because Satan tempts people to commit sexual sin, each" or "But we desire to commit sexual sin because of our sinful nature, so each" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/03.md b/1co/07/03.md index e8b93e80a4..16fbbeea49 100644 --- a/1co/07/03.md +++ b/1co/07/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# sexual rights -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:body]] +Both husbands and wives are obligated to regularly sleep with their spouses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# likewise the wife to her husband -* **conjugal rights** - Both the husbands and wives are obligated to regularly sleep with their spouses. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The words "should give" and "sexual rights" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "likewise the wife should give to her husband his sexual rights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/05.md b/1co/07/05.md index af893842d6..802b3305f8 100644 --- a/1co/07/05.md +++ b/1co/07/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not deprive each other -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] +The word "deprive" means to keep from someone something that the other person has the right to receive. "Do not refuse to have marital relations with your spouse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# so that you may devote yourselves to prayer -* **do not deprive each other of sleeping together** - AT: "do not refuse to sleep with your spouse" -* **so that you may devote yourselves to prayer** - They decide together to pass some days without sleeping together in order to have a period of especially deep prayer; in Judaism that might be a period of 1-2 weeks. -* **devote yourselves** - "commit yourselves" -* **come together again** - AT: "sleep together again" -* **because of your lack of self-control** - control** - AT: "because after some days, your sexual desires will be harder to keep under control" -* **I say these things to you more as concession and not as command** - Paul tells the Corinthians that they can take a short period of time to abstain from sleeping together for the purpose of prayer, but that this is a special case, not an continuing requirement. -* **were as I am** - were unmarried (formerly-married or never-married), as Paul is. -* **But each one has his own gift from God, one of this kind and another of that kind** - AT: "God gives one person a ability, and to another person some other ability." +in order to have a period of especially deep prayer + +# devote yourselves + +"commit yourselves" + +# come together again + +"sleep together again" + +# because of your lack of self-control + +"because after some days, your sexual desires will be harder to keep under control" + +# I say these things to you as a concession and not as a command + +Possible meanings are Paul is telling the Corinthians that he is allowing them, but not commanding them, 1) to marry and sleep together or 2) to stop sleeping together for a time. + +# were as I am + +Either Paul had never married or his wife had died. It is unlikely that he had been through a divorce. + +# But each one has his own gift from God. One has this kind of gift, and another that kind + +"God enables people to do different things. He enables one person to do one thing and another person to do something different" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/08.md b/1co/07/08.md index 2dd4b6b85f..1996fd2301 100644 --- a/1co/07/08.md +++ b/1co/07/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the unmarried -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:selfcontrol]] +"this those who are not married" -## translationNotes +# to widows -* **unmarried** - “not now married”; this may include the never-married and also the formerly-married. -* **widow** - a woman whose husband has died -* **it is good ** - The word good here refers to right and acceptable. AT: "it is right and acceptable" -* **marry** - become husband and wife. -* **to burn with passion** - AT: "to live with constant desire to sleep with someone." +"to women whose husband has died" + +# it is good + +See how you translated this in [1 Corinthians 7:1](./01.md). + +# to burn with passion + +"to live with the constant desire to sleep with someone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/10.md b/1co/07/10.md index 261b4afb73..f4fcc9c518 100644 --- a/1co/07/10.md +++ b/1co/07/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# should not separate from -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:reconcile]] +Paul's readers knew no difference between separating and divorcing. To stop living with someone was to end the marriage. AT: "should not divorce" -## translationNotes +# be reconciled to her husband -* **married** - having a spouse (husband or wife) -* **should not separate** - Most Greeks did not distinguish between legal divorce and simple separation; "separation" for most couples meant that the marriage no longer existed. -* **should not divorce** - This is the same as "should not separate", see note above. It may denote legal divorce or simple separation. -* **be reconciled to him** - "she should resolve her issues with her husband and return to him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she should make peace with her husband and return to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# should not divorce + +Paul's readers knew no difference between divorcing and simply separating. To do either was to end the marriage. AT: "should not separate from" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/12.md b/1co/07/12.md index 37047d5933..76723a29b2 100644 --- a/1co/07/12.md +++ b/1co/07/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# content -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +"willing" or "satisfied" -## translationNotes +# For the unbelieving husband is set apart because of his wife -* **content** - "willing" or "satisfied" -* **For the unbelieving husband is set apart** - "For God has set apart the unbelieving husband" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the unbelieving woman is set apart** - "God has set apart the unbelieving woman" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they are set apart** - "God has set them apart" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "For God has set apart the unbelieving husband for himself because of his believing wife" or 2) "God treats the unbelieving husband as he would treat a son for the sake of his believing wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# husband ... wife + +These are the same Greek words as for "man" and "woman." + +# the unbelieving wife is set apart because of the brother + +Possible meanings are 1) "God has set apart the unbelieving wife for himself because of her husband who believes" or 2) "God treats the unbelieving wife as he would treat a daughter for the sake of her husband who believes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the brother + +the believing man or husband + +# they are set apart + +Possible meanings are 1) "God has set them apart for himself" or 2) "God treats them as he would treat his own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/15.md b/1co/07/15.md index 71f1dd5f13..2f2ed92d26 100644 --- a/1co/07/15.md +++ b/1co/07/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In such cases, the brother or sister is not bound to their vows -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "In such cases, God does not require the believing spouse to continue to obey the marriage vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# do you know, woman ... you will save your husband ... do you know, man ... you will save your wife -* **In such cases, the brother or sister is not bound to their vows** - "In such cases, the believing spouse's marriage obligation is no longer required." (See; [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **how do you know, woman, whether you will save your husband?** - "you do not know if you will save your unbelieving husband." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **how do you know, man, whether your will save your wife** - "you do not know if you will save your unbelieving wife" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# how do you know, woman, whether you will save your husband? + +Paul uses a question to cause women to think deeply about what he is saying. AT: "you cannot know if you will save your unbelieving husband." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# how do you know, man, whether you will save your wife + +Paul uses a question to cause men to think deeply about what he is saying. AT: "you cannot know if you will save your unbelieving wife." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/17.md b/1co/07/17.md index 97b17601d2..c7ae5d26c5 100644 --- a/1co/07/17.md +++ b/1co/07/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# each one -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +"each believer" -## translationNotes +# This is my rule in all the churches -* **each one** - "each believer" -* **This is my rule in all the churches** - Paul was teaching believers in all the churches to act in this manner. -* **Was anyone circumcised when he was called to believe** - Paul was addressing the circumcised ones (the Jews). AT: “To the circumcised ones, when God called you to believe you had already been circumcised.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Was anyone uncircumcised when he was called to faith** - Paul was now addressing the uncircumcised ones. AT: "To the uncircumcised ones, when God called you to believe you were not circumcised." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Paul was teaching believers in all the churches to act in this manner. + +# Was anyone circumcised when he was called to believe + +Paul was addressing the circumcised ones (the Jews). AT: "To the circumcised ones, when God called you to believe, you had already been circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Was anyone uncircumcised when he was called to faith + +Paul was now addressing the uncircumcised ones. AT: "To the uncircumcised ones, when God called you to believe, you were not circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/20.md b/1co/07/20.md index e416cea6f0..800ed7c1f2 100644 --- a/1co/07/20.md +++ b/1co/07/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here the words "us" and "we" refers to all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# remain in the calling -* **in the calling** - This instance of "calling" refers to the work or social position in which you were involved; "live and work as you did" (UDB). -* **Were you a slave when God called you?** - AT: "To those who were slaves when God called you to believe:" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the Lord's freedman** - this freedman is forgiven by God and therefore free from Satan and sin. -* **You have been bought with a price** - AT: “Christ bought you by dying for you.” -* **when we were called to believe** - "when God called us to believe in him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **us..we** - refers to all Christians (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +Here "calling" refers to the work or social position in which you were involved. AT: "live and work as you did" + +# Were you ... called you? Do not be ... you can become + +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of "you" and the command "be" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Were you a slave when God called you? Do not be concerned + +This can be stated as a statement. AT: "To those who were slaves when God called you to believe, I say this: do not be concerned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the Lord's freeman + +This freeman is forgiven by God and therefore free from Satan and sin. + +# You have been bought with a price + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Christ bought you by dying for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# when we were called to believe + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when God called us to believe in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/25.md b/1co/07/25.md index f4c6f3f599..d62fb68870 100644 --- a/1co/07/25.md +++ b/1co/07/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now concerning those who never married, I have no commandment from the Lord -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Paul knows no teaching of Jesus that speaks about this situation. AT: "The Lord has not commanded me to say anything to people who have never married" -## translationNotes +# I give my opinion -* **Now concerning those who never married, I have no commandment from the Lord ** - Paul knows no teaching of Jesus that speaks about this situation. AT: "I don't have a commandment from the Lord about people who have never married." -* **my opinion** - Paul is emphasizing that these thoughts about marriage are his - not a direct commandment from the Lord. -* **Therefore** - AT: "So" or "Because of this" -* **impending crisis** - AT: "disaster that is coming" +"I tell you what I think" + +# as one who, by the Lord's mercy, is trustworthy + +"because, by the Lord's mercy, I am trustworthy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/27.md b/1co/07/27.md index f27f92547a..5147ce58f8 100644 --- a/1co/07/27.md +++ b/1co/07/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Are you bound ... Do not seek ... Are you free ... Do not seek ... you do ... you have -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:bond|bind, bond]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all these instances of "you" and the command "do not seek" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Are you bound to a woman? Do not seek -* **Are you bound to a woman by a vow of marriage** - Paul was addressing men who were married. AT: "If you are married," -* **Do not seek freedom from it** - AT: "Don't try to be released from the vow of marriage." -* **Are you free from a wife or unmarried?** - Paul was now addressing those who were not now married. AT: "If you are not now married" -* **Do not seek a wife** - AT: "Do not try to get married." -* **committed** - "performed" or "engaged in" -* **I would like to spare you from them** - AT: "I don't want you to have them." +Paul addresses men who are married. AT: "If you are married, do not seek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are you free of a wife? Do not seek + +Paul addresses men who are not married. AT: "If you are not now married, do not seek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do not seek a wife + +"Do not try to get married" + +# committed + +"done" + +# I would like to spare you from them + +"I do not want you to have them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/29.md b/1co/07/29.md index 633afc437a..cf1f2416a1 100644 --- a/1co/07/29.md +++ b/1co/07/29.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The time is short -* [[en:tw:biblicaltime]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:world|world, worldly]] +"There is little time" or "Time is almost gone" -## translationNotes +# weep -* **The time is short** - AT: "There is little time" or "Time is almost gone." -* **weep** - AT: "cry" or "grieve with tears" -* **they did not have their possessions** - AT: "they did not own anything" -* **those who deal with the world** - AT: "those who deal every day with unbelievers". -* **as though they had no dealings with it** - AT: "like they did not deal with unbelievers." -* **for the system of this world is coming to an end** - Because Satan's control of this world will soon stop. +"cry" or "grieve with tears" + +# those who use the world + +"those who deal every day with unbelievers" + +# should not act as though they are using it to the full + +"should show by their actions that they have their hope in God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/32.md b/1co/07/32.md index b7179069a9..ddb9b875e2 100644 --- a/1co/07/32.md +++ b/1co/07/32.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# free from worries -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:spirit ]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:world|world, worldly]] +"calm" or "unworried" -## translationNotes +# concerned about -* **free from worries** - AT: "calm" or "unworried" -* **concerned about** - AT: "focused on" -* **He is divided** - AT: "He is trying to please God and please his wife." +"focused on" + +# he is divided + +"he is trying to please God and please his wife at the same time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/35.md b/1co/07/35.md index eb5782dd49..0ee56964ce 100644 --- a/1co/07/35.md +++ b/1co/07/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# constraint -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +"restriction" -## translationNotes +# may be devoted to -* **constraint** - AT: "burden" or "restriction" -* **may be devoted to** - AT: "can concentrate on" +"can concentrate on" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/36.md b/1co/07/36.md index cd397ff333..82b0a77f5b 100644 --- a/1co/07/36.md +++ b/1co/07/36.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# not treating ... with respect -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:lust|lust]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:wrong|wrong, mistreat, hurt]] +"not being kind to" or "not honoring" -## translationNotes +# his fiancée -* **not treating...with respect** - "not being kind to" or "not honoring" -* **his fiancée** - Possible meanings are 1) "the woman whom he promised to marry." or 2) "his virgin daughter." -* **let him marry her** - Possible meanings are 1) "let him marry his fiancee." or 2) "let him give his daughter to be married." +Possible meanings are 1) "the woman whom he promised to marry" or 2) "his virgin daughter." + +# They should marry + +Possible meanings are 1) "He should marry his fiancée" or 2) "He should let his daughter get married." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/39.md b/1co/07/39.md index 8290186616..9943dfb533 100644 --- a/1co/07/39.md +++ b/1co/07/39.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# for as long as he lives -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +"until he dies" -## translationNotes +# whomever she wishes -* **as long as he lives** - "until he dies" -* **whomever she wishes** - AT: "anyone she wants" -* **in the Lord** - AT: "if the new husband is already a believer." -* **my judgment** - "my understanding of God's Word." -* **happier** - more contented, more joyful -* **lives as she is** - AT: "remains unmarried." +"anyone she wants" + +# in the Lord + +"if the new husband is a believer" + +# my judgment + +"my understanding of God's word" + +# happier + +more contented, more joyful + +# lives as she is + +"remains unmarried" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/intro.md b/1co/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..823ab7e38e --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Paul begins to answer a series of questions which may have been asked of him. The first question involves marriage. The second question is on changing one's status: a slave trying to become free, a Gentile becoming a Jew or a Jew becoming a Gentile. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Divorce ##### +Christians should try not to divorce. Believers married to unbelievers should not leave their husband or wife. If the unbelieving husband or wife leaves, this is not considered to be sin. Paul advises that, because of the difficult times and the nearness to the return of Jesus, remaining unmarried is an acceptable option. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Euphemisms ##### +There are many euphemisms used to describe sexual relations because this is often a taboo topic and many cultures do not wish to speak openly about these matters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/01.md b/1co/08/01.md index e06fa8b87f..c4fca69287 100644 --- a/1co/08/01.md +++ b/1co/08/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:puffed-up]] -* [[en:tw:puffed-up|puffed up]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +Paul reminds the believers that though idols have no power, believers must be careful not to affect the weaker believers who might think they care about the idols. He tells believers to be careful with the liberty believers have in Christ. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now about** - Paul uses this phrase to move to the next question that the Corinthians had asked him. -* **food sacrificed to idols** - The pagan worshipers would offer grain, fish, fowl, or meat, to a god. The priests would burn a portion of it on the altar. Paul speaks about the remaining portion, which would be returned to the worshiper or sold in the market. -* **We know that "we all have knowledge"** - Paul is quoting a phrase that some Corinthians used. AT: "We all know, as you yourselves like to say, that 'we all have knowledge'". -* **puffs up** - "makes one proud" or "makes one think more of themselves than they should" -* **thinks he knows something** - "believes he knows everything about something" -* **that person is known by him** - "God knows that person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] ) +"We" means Paul and, though specifically writing to the Corinthian believers, includes all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Now about + +Paul uses this phrase to move on to the next question the Corinthians had asked him. + +# food sacrificed to idols + +Gentile worshipers would offer grain, fish, fowl, or meat, to their gods. The priest would burn a portion of it on the altar. Paul is speaking of the portion the priest would give back for the worshiper to eat or sell in the market. + +# Knowledge puffs up + +"Knowledge puffs people up." Here "puffs up" is a metaphor for making someone proud. The abstract noun "knowledge" can be expressed with the verb "know." AT: "Knowledge makes people proud" or "People who think that they know a lot become proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but love builds up + +The abstract noun "love" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "but when we love people, we build them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# love builds up + +Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. AT: "love strengthens people" or "when we love people, we strengthen them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thinks he knows something + +"believes he knows everything about something" + +# that person is known by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God knows that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/04.md b/1co/08/04.md index 2597ad8a7d..a56a05d2b5 100644 --- a/1co/08/04.md +++ b/1co/08/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"We" and "us" here refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# We know that an idol in this world is nothing and that there is no God but one -* **we** - Paul and the Corinthians. (See; [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **know that "an idol in this world is nothing"** - Paul is quoting a phrase that some Corinthians used. AT: “We all know, as you yourselves like to say, that 'an idol has no power or meaning for us'.” -* **an idol in this world is nothing** - AT: "there is no idol in this world" -* **gods and lords ** - Paul does not believe in many gods, but he recognizes that the pagans believe in them. -* **us** - Paul and the Corinthians. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **for us there is** - "we believe in" +Paul is probably quoting phrases that some Corinthians used. Being "nothing" represents having no power. AT: "We all know, as you yourselves like to say, that an idol in this world has no power and that there is no God but one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so-called gods + +"things that people call gods" + +# many "gods" and many "lords." + +Paul does not believe that many gods and many lords exist, but he recognizes that the pagans believe they do. + +# Yet for us there is only one God + +"Yet we know that there is only one God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/07.md b/1co/08/07.md index 619bceb685..a510abf744 100644 --- a/1co/08/07.md +++ b/1co/08/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Paul is speaking here of "weak" brothers, people who cannot separate food sacrificed to idols from the worship of those idols. If a Christian eats food that has been sacrificed to an idol, weak brothers might think that God will allow them to worship the idol by eating the food. Even if the eater has not worshiped the idol and is simply eating the food, he has still corrupted his weak brothers' conscience. -## translationNotes +# everyone ... some -* **everyone...some** - "all people...a portion of all people" -* **corrupted** - "ruined" or "harmed" +"all people ... some people who are now Christians" + +# corrupted + +"ruined" or "harmed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/08.md b/1co/08/08.md index 49925dd4c9..895879bdd2 100644 --- a/1co/08/08.md +++ b/1co/08/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# food will not present us to God -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Paul speaks of food as though it were a person who could make God welcome us. AT: "food does not give us favor with God" or "the food we eat does not make God pleased with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# We are not worse if we do not eat, nor better if we do eat it -* **food will not recommend us to God** - "food does not give us favor with God" or "the food we eat does not make God pleased with us" -* **We are not worse if we do not eat nor better if we do eat** - "We do not lose anything if we eat nor we gain anything if we eat it." -* **emboldened to eat** - "encouraged to eat" -* **the weak** - believers not strong in their faith -* **at meat** - "at a meal" or "eating" (UDB) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Some people might think that if we do not eat some things, God will love us less. But they are wrong. Those who think that God will love us more if we do eat those things are also wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# someone who is weak + +believers not strong in their faith + +# sees you, who have + +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so these words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# his ... conscience + +what he understands to be right and wrong + +# emboldened to eat + +"encouraged to eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/11.md b/1co/08/11.md index cb2e95ee62..c50fc799a7 100644 --- a/1co/08/11.md +++ b/1co/08/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your understanding -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word "your" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the weaker one ... is destroyed -* **the weaker brother or sister...is destroyed** - the brother or sister who is not strong in his or her faith will sin or lose his or her faith. -* **Therefore** - "because of this last principle" -* **if food causes** - "if food bring about" or "if food encourages" +The brother or sister who is not strong in his or her faith will sin or lose his or her faith. + +# Therefore + +"Because what I have just said is true" + +# if food causes + +"Food" here is a metonym for the person eating the food. AT: "if I cause by eating" or "if I, because of what I eat, cause" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/intro.md b/1co/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..504979b8f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +Chapters 8-10 form a single unit, answering the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +==Meat sacrificed to idols == +Paul answers their question by saying that idols are gods that do not really exist, and that therefore there is nothing wrong with the meat. However, someone who does not understand a Christian's freedom to eat this meat may see a Christian eating and be encouraged to eat the meat as an act of worship to the idol. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/01.md b/1co/09/01.md index 5e4b87c179..c59a2cee94 100644 --- a/1co/09/01.md +++ b/1co/09/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:apostle|apostle, apostleship]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Paul explains how he uses the liberty he has in Christ. -## translationNotes +# Am I not free? -* **Am I not free?** - Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of the rights he has. AT: "I am free." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Am I not an apostle?** - Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is and the rights he has. AT: "I am an apostle." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Have I not seen Jesus our Lord?** - Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is. AT: "I have seen Jesus our Lord." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are you not my workmanship in the Lord?** - Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of their relationship to him. AT: "Your belief in Christ is a result of my work in the Lord." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you are the proof of** - AT: "your belief in Christ confirms" +Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of the rights he has. AT: "I am a free person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Am I not an apostle? + +Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is and the rights he has. AT: "I am an apostle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? + +Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is. AT: "I have seen Jesus our Lord." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are you not my workmanship in the Lord? + +Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of their relationship to him. AT: "You believe in Christ because I have worked the way the Lord wants me to." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you are the proof of my apostleship in the Lord + +"Proof" is a metonym for the evidence needed to prove something. AT: "you are evidence I can use to prove that the Lord has chosen me to be an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/03.md b/1co/09/03.md index 485ce07b01..22811ff5d1 100644 --- a/1co/09/03.md +++ b/1co/09/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# This is my defense ... me: Do -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Possible meanings are 1) the words that follow are Paul's defense or 2) the words in [1 Corinthians 9:1-2](./01.md) are Paul's defense, "This is my defense ... me. Do." -## translationNotes +# Do we not have the right to eat and drink? -* **Do we not have the right to eat and drink?** - AT: "We have the absolute right to receive food and drink from the churches." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **we** - refers to Paul and Barnabas (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]). -* **Do we not have the right to take along a wife who is a believer, as do the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord and Cephas?** - AT: "If we have believing wives, we have a right to take them with us since that is the case with the other apostles, the brothers of the Lord and Cephas." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Or is it Barnabas and I who must work?** - AT: "Barnabas and I have the right not to work." or "But you expect Barnabas and I to work to earn money." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "We have the absolute right to receive food and drink from the churches." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we + +Here "we" refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]). + +# Do we not have the right to take along with us a wife who is a believer, as do the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas? + +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "If we have believing wives, we have a right to take them with us just as the other apostles take them, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Or is it only Barnabas and I who must work? + +Paul is shaming the Corinthians. AT: "You seem to think that the only people you think need to work to earn money are Barnabas and me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/07.md b/1co/09/07.md index 3bcd6a4aa6..7457b9fdf5 100644 --- a/1co/09/07.md +++ b/1co/09/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Who serves as a soldier at his own expense? -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "We all know that no soldier has to buy his own supplies." or "We all know that every soldier receives his supplies from the government." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). -## translationNotes +# Who plants a vineyard and does not eat its fruit? -* **Who serves as a soldier at his own expense?** - AT: "A soldier does not serve using his own money." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **Who plants a vineyard and does not eat its fruits?** - AT: "The one who plants a vineyard will eat its fruits." or "No one expects someone who plants a vineyard not to eats its fruits." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who tends a flock and does not drink from it?** - AT: "Someone who works by tending the flock will get his drink from it." or "No one expects the one who works by tending the flock not to not get milk from it." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do I say these things based on human authority?** - AT: "I am not saying these things based on human practices." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Does not the law also say this?** - AT: "This is what is written in the law." (See; [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "We all know that the one who plants a vineyard will always eat its fruit." or "We all know that no one expects someone who plants a vineyard not to eat its fruits." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Or who tends a flock and does not drink milk from it? + +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "We all know that those who tend flocks get their drink from the flocks." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do I say these things based on human authority? + +Paul is shaming the Corinthians. AT: "You seem to think that I am saying these things based on merely human authority." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does not the law also say this? + +Paul is shaming the Corinthians. AT: "You act as if you do not know that this is what is written in the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/09.md b/1co/09/09.md index a1f8059f4c..aa7aa5677a 100644 --- a/1co/09/09.md +++ b/1co/09/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not put -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Moses was speaking to the Israelites as if they were one person, so this command is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Is it really the oxen that God cares about? -* **Is it really oxen that God cares about?** - AT: "It isn't oxen that God cares most about." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]; -* **Is he not speaking about us?** - AT: ""God was certainly speaking about us." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **about us** - The 'us' refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **is it too much for us to reap material things from you?** - AT: "It is not too much for us to receive material support from you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. AT: "You should know without me telling you that it is not the oxen that God cares most about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is he not speaking about us? + +Paul asks a question to emphasize the statement he is making. AT: "Instead, God was certainly speaking about us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# about us + +Here "us" refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# is it too much for us to reap material things from you? + +Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. AT: "you should know without me telling you that it is not too much for us to receive material support from you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/12.md b/1co/09/12.md index 3046892023..aa6bc2cf6d 100644 --- a/1co/09/12.md +++ b/1co/09/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# If others exercised ... you, do we not have even more? -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. Here "we" refers to Paul and Barnabas. AT: "Others exercised ... you, so you know without me telling you that we have this right even more." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# If others exercised this right -* **if others** - other workers of the gospel. -* ** this right** - The right Paul is referring to is the right to expect the believers at Corinth to provide for Paul's living expenses since he was the one who ministered the gospel to them first. -* **do we not have even more?** - "we" refers to Paul and Barnabas. AT: "we have this right even more." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]; [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **be a hindrance to** - "be a burden to" or "stop the spread of" -* **get their living from the gospel** - "receive daily support for telling the gospel message" +Paul and the Corinthians both know that others exercised the right. "Since others exercised this right" + +# others + +other workers of the gospel + +# this right + +the right to have the believers at Corinth provide for the living expenses of those who told them the good news + +# be a hindrance to + +"be a burden to" or "stop the spread of" + +# Do you not know that those who serve in the temple get their food from the temple? + +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. AT: "I want to remind you that those who serve in the temple get their food from the temple." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not know that those who serve at the altar share in what is offered on the altar? + +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. AT: "I want to remind you that those who serve at the altar get some of the foods and meat that people offer on the altar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# get their living from the gospel + +The words "the gospel" here are a metonym for 1) the people to whom they tell the gospel, "receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news," or 2) the result of working to tell the gospel, "receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/15.md b/1co/09/15.md index fcf9b565d0..f4474e1465 100644 --- a/1co/09/15.md +++ b/1co/09/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# these rights -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast, boastful]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews|good news, gospel]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:preach|preach]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +"these things that I deserve" -## translationNotes +# so something might be done for me -* **these rights** - AT: "these benefits" or "these things that are deserved" -* **so something might be done for me** - AT: "to get something from you" or "so you will provide daily support to me." -* **deprive** - AT: "take away" or "withhold" -* **I must do this** - "I must preach the gospel" -* **woe be to me if** - AT: "may I suffer misfortune if" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so you will do something for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# deprive me of this boast + +"take away this opportunity I have to boast" + +# I must do this + +"I must preach the gospel" + +# woe be to me if + +"may I suffer misfortune if" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/17.md b/1co/09/17.md index eb3235436c..bae1f6560c 100644 --- a/1co/09/17.md +++ b/1co/09/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# if I do this willingly -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews|good news, gospel]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:preach|preach]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:reward|reward]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +"if I preach willingly" -## translationNotes +# But if not willingly -* **if I do this willingly** - "if I preach willingly" -* **willingly** - AT: "gladly" or "freely" -* **I still have a responsibility that was entrusted to me.** - AT: "I must do this work that God trusted me to complete." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **What then is my reward?** - AT: "This is my reward." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **That when I preach, I may offer the gospel without charge and so not take full use of my right in the gospel.** - AT: "My reward for preaching is that I can preach without obligation." -* **offer the gospel** - AT: "preach the gospel" -* **take full use of my right in the gospel** - AT: "ask people to support me as I travel and preach" +The words "I do this" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "But if I do this unwillingly" or "But if I do this even though I do not want to" or "But if I do this because I was forced to do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# willingly + +"gladly" or "because I want to" + +# I still have a responsibility that was entrusted to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I must do this work that God trusted me to complete" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What then is my reward? + +Paul is preparing them for the new information he is going to give them. AT: "This is my reward." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# That when I preach, I may offer the gospel without charge + +"My reward for preaching is that I can preach without receiving payment" + +# offer the gospel + +"preach the gospel" + +# so not take full use of my right in the gospel + +"so not ask people to support me as I travel and preach" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/19.md b/1co/09/19.md index 0d53884330..0b4cf4107b 100644 --- a/1co/09/19.md +++ b/1co/09/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# win more -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"persuade others to believe" or "help others trust in Christ" -## translationNotes +# I became like a Jew -* **win more** - "persuade others to believe" or "help others trust in Christ" -* **I became like a Jew** - AT: "I acted like a Jew" or "I practiced Jewish customs" -* **living under the Law** - AT: "committed to following the demands of the Jewish leadership, accepting their understanding of the Jewish Scriptures." +"I acted like a Jew" or "I practiced Jewish customs" + +# I became like one under the law + +"I became like one committed to following the demands of the Jewish leadership, accepting their understanding of the Jewish scriptures" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/21.md b/1co/09/21.md index a307fcd5cd..a8b385b500 100644 --- a/1co/09/21.md +++ b/1co/09/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# outside the law -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:save]] - -## translationNotes - -* **outside the Law** - These people do not obey the laws of Moses. These are the gentile nations. AT: "beyond the control of the Jewish Law" +"who do not obey the laws of Moses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/24.md b/1co/09/24.md index 38630beb87..f10e7b8c6c 100644 --- a/1co/09/24.md +++ b/1co/09/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:selfcontrol]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Paul explains that he uses the liberty he has in Christ to discipline himself. -## translationNotes +# Do you not know that in a race all the runners run the race, but that only one receives the prize? -* **Do you not know that in a race all the runners run the race, but only one receives the prize? ** - The expected (although unstated) response is an understanding of the facts of the question: "Yes, I know that 'Although all runners run the race, only one runner receives the prize.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **run the race** - Paul compares living the Christian life and working for God to running a race and being an athlete. As in a race the Christian life and work require strict discipline on the part of the runner, and as in a race the Christian has a specific goal. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **run to win the prize** - running with commitment to success in the endeavor is compared to commitment to doing the things that God wants you to do. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **wreath** - A wreath is a marker of success or completion, given by an authority over that event; the metaphor refers to the life lived honoring God, with God providing the permanent marker of salvation. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I myself might not be disqualified** - The Passive form is rephrased to the Active form of the sentence. AT: "the judge might not disqualify me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. AT: "Let me remind you that although all runners run the race, only one runner receives the prize." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# run the race + +Paul compares living the Christian life and working for God to running a race and being an athlete. As in a race, the Christian life and work require strict discipline on the part of the runner, and, as in a race, the Christian has a specific goal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# run to win the prize + +Paul is speaking of the reward God will give his faithful people as if it were a prize given for an athletic contest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a wreath that is perishable ... one that is imperishable + +A wreath is a bunch of leaves twisted together. Wreaths were given as prizes to athletes who won games and races. Paul speaks of eternal life as if it were a wreath that would never dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I do not run without purpose or box by beating the air + +Here "running" and "boxing" are both metaphors for living the Christian life and serving God. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I know very well why I am running, and I know what I am doing when I box" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# I myself may not be disqualified + +This passive sentence can be rephrased to an active form. The judge of a race or competition is a metaphor for God. AT: "the judge will not disqualify me" or "God will not say that I have failed to obey the rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/intro.md b/1co/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0cc75d51c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. Many other English translations indent the line of 9:9, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +Chapters 8-10 form a single unit, answering the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" In this chapter, Paul defends himself from the claim of trying to make financial gains from the church. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Earning money from the church ##### +People have accused Paul of just wanting money from the Church. Paul answers that he has a right to get money from the Church because the Old Testament taught that those who worked should get their living from their work. He and Barnabas purposefully never used this right and earned their own living. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors teach complex truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Contextualization ##### + +This passage is important because Paul "contextualizes" his ministry in service of the gospel to different audiences. This means that Paul makes himself and the gospel understandable without his actions hindering the gospel's reception. The translator may wish to take extra care in preserving aspects of this "contextualization" if possible. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/01.md b/1co/10/01.md index c72a0bf22c..ef87fd839b 100644 --- a/1co/10/01.md +++ b/1co/10/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Paul reminds them of the example of their ancient Jewish fathers' experiences with immorality and idolatry. -## translationNotes +# our fathers -* **our fathers** - Paul is referring to the time of Moses in the book of Exodus when Israel fled through the Red Sea as the Egyptian army pursued them. "our" is Inclusive AT: "the fathers of all Jews." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **All were baptized into Moses** - AT: "all followed and were committed to Moses" -* **passed through the sea** - They all crossed the Red Sea with Moses after leaving Egypt. -* **in the cloud** - by the cloud that led the Israelites during days, representing the presence of God. -* **that rock was Christ** - the "rock" represented the solid strength of Christ who was with them throughout their journey; they could depend on His protection and comfort. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul is referring to the time of Moses in the book of Exodus when Israel fled through the Red Sea as the Egyptian army pursued them. The word "our" refers to himself and the Corinthians and is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# passed through the sea + +This sea is known by two names, the Red Sea and the Sea of Reeds. + +# passed through + +"walked through" or "traveled through" + +# All were baptized into Moses + +"All followed and were committed to Moses" + +# in the cloud + +by the cloud that represented the presence of God and led the Israelites during the day + +# drank the same spiritual drink ... spiritual rock + +"drank the same water that God supernaturally brought out of the rock ... supernatural rock" + +# that rock was Christ + +The "rock" was a literal, physical rock, so it would be best to translate this literally. If your language cannot say that a rock "was" a person's name, treat the word "rock" as a metonym for the power of Christ that worked through the rock. AT: "it was Christ who worked through that rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/05.md b/1co/10/05.md index 268626ea55..cf1dcd07ed 100644 --- a/1co/10/05.md +++ b/1co/10/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# not well pleased -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] +"displeased" or "angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# most of them -* **not well pleased** - "displeased" or "angry" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **most of them** - the Israelite fathers -* **in the wilderness** - the desert land between Egypt and Israel through which the Israelites wandered for 40 years. -* **were examples** - a lesson or symbol, from which the Israelites could learn. -* **crave evil things** - Desire to do things or obtain material goods that dishonor God. +the Israelite fathers + +# their corpses were scattered about + +"God scattered their dead bodies around" or "God killed them and scattered their bodies" + +# in the wilderness + +the desert land between Egypt and Israel through which the Israelites wandered for 40 years \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/07.md b/1co/10/07.md index f1f9887223..42c0048589 100644 --- a/1co/10/07.md +++ b/1co/10/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# idolaters -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"people who worship idols" -## translationNotes +# sat down to eat and drink -* **idolaters** - "people who worship idols" -* **sat down to eat and drink** - "sat down to eat a meal" -* **twenty three thousand died in one day** - "God killed twenty three thousand in one day" -* **because of it** - AT: "because they committed those unlawful sexual acts". +"sat down to eat a meal" + +# play + +Paul is quoting the Jewish scriptures. His readers would have understood from this one word that the people were worshiping an idol by singing and dancing and engaging in sexual activities, not simply enjoying innocent fun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# In one day, twenty-three thousand people died + +"God killed 23,000 people in one day" + +# because of it + +"because they committed those unlawful sexual acts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/09.md b/1co/10/09.md index 2abf1df4c2..191b7cc86f 100644 --- a/1co/10/09.md +++ b/1co/10/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# did and were destroyed by snakes -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "did. As a result, snakes destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# grumble -* **do not grumble** - "to express or utter with murmuring or complaining" -* **and were destroyed by an angel of death** - AT: "an angel of death destroyed them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **destroyed** - AT: "put an end to" or "killed." +complaining + +# did and were destroyed by an angel of death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "did. As a result, an angel of death destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/11.md b/1co/10/11.md index 79699f1270..1843884e28 100644 --- a/1co/10/11.md +++ b/1co/10/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# these things happened to them -* [[en:tw:age]] -* [[en:tw:age|age]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:endure|endure, endurance]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:tempt|tempt, temptation]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +"God punished our ancestors" -## translationNotes +# examples for us -* **these things happened** - Punishment resulting from evil behavior. -* **examples for us** - "us" refers to all believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **the end of the ages** - "the last days" -* **does not fall** - does not sin or reject God -* **No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to all humanity** - AT: "The temptations that affect you are temptations which all people experience." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]]) -* **your ability** - Your physical or emotional strength. +Here "us" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# They were written for our instruction + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God had Moses write them down so we would learn to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the end of the ages + +"the last days" + +# does not fall + +does not sin or reject God + +# No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to all humanity + +This can be stated as a positive. AT: "The temptations that affect you are temptations that all people experience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# He will not let you be tempted beyond your ability + +"He will only allow you to be tempted in ways that you are strong enough to resist" + +# will not let you be tempted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will not allow anyone to tempt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/14.md b/1co/10/14.md index b084f903af..dbbe5fde57 100644 --- a/1co/10/14.md +++ b/1co/10/14.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:beloved|beloved]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] +Paul continues to remind them to be pure and to stay away from idolatry and immorality as he talks about communion, which represents the blood and body of Christ. -## translationNotes +# run away from idolatry -* **run away from idolatry** - "decisively get away from worshiping idols" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **cup of blessing** - Paul uses this expression to describe a cup filled with wine that used in the ritual of the Lord's supper. -* **is it not sharing in the blood of Christ? ** - The cup of wine that we share represent us sharing in the blood of Christ. AT: "we share in the blood of Christ" (UDB; See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion -* ]]) -* **The bread that we break, is it not sharing in the body of Christ? ** - AT: "we share in the body of Christ when we share bread" (UDB; See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **sharing in** - "taking part in" or "equally participating with others in" -* **loaf of bread** - a single unit of baked bread that is sliced or broken into pieces before it is eaten. +Paul is speaking of the practice of worshiping idols as if it were a physical thing like a dangerous animal. AT: "do all you can to get away from worshiping idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The cup of blessing + +Paul is speaking of God's blessing as though it were the wine in the cup used in the ritual of the Lord's Supper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that we bless + +"for which we thank God" + +# is it not a sharing in the blood of Christ? + +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know, that the cup of wine that we share represents us sharing in the blood of Christ. AT: "we share in the blood of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The bread that we break, is it not a sharing in the body of Christ? + +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know. AT: "We share in the body of Christ when we share bread." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a sharing in + +"taking part in" or "equally participating with others in" + +# loaf of bread + +a single unit of baked bread that is sliced or broken into pieces before it is eaten \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/18.md b/1co/10/18.md index 9dc8591f2e..1912bb11e9 100644 --- a/1co/10/18.md +++ b/1co/10/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Are not those who eat the sacrifices participants in the altar? -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know so that he can give them new information. AT: "those who eat the sacrifices share in the activities and the blessings of the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# What am I saying then? -* **are not those who eat the sacrifices participants in the altar?** - AT: "Those who eat such food as a sacrifice are worshiping at idols' altars." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What am I saying then?** - AT: "To review what I am saying" or "This is what I mean." -* **an idol is anything?** - AT: "An idol is not something real" or "An idol is not important." -* **food sacrificed to an idol is anything?** - AT: "food sacrificed to an idol is not important." or "Food that has been sacrificed to an idol is meaningless." +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know so that he can give them new information. AT: "Let me review what I am saying." or "This is what I mean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# That an idol is anything? + +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer the question in their minds so he does not have to tell them. AT: "You know that I am not saying that an idol is something real." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Or that food sacrificed to an idol is anything? + +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer the question in their minds so he does not have to tell them. AT: "You know that I am not saying that food sacrificed to an idol is not important." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/20.md b/1co/10/20.md index 3f733c9f20..68c1491663 100644 --- a/1co/10/20.md +++ b/1co/10/20.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demon|demon, evil spirit, unclean spirit]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship|fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:gentile|Gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous, jealousy]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:pagan]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +Paul speaks of a person drinking from the same cup as the demon as evidence that that person is a friend of the demon. AT: "It is impossible for you to be true friends with both the Lord and demons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You cannot have fellowship at the table of the Lord and the table of demons -* **drink the cup of** - The act of drinking from a shared bowl provided by (someone), usually referring to the contents of the container; this is a metaphor for "sharing the same values as" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **You cannot have fellowship at the table of the Lord and the table of demons** - AT: "If you worship both the Lord and demons, your worship of the Lord is not sincere." -* **provoke** - AT: "to anger" or "to irritate" -* **Are we stronger than he is?** - AT: " Are we able to fellowship with demons when God does not?" or "We are not stronger than God" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"It is impossible for you to be truly one with the Lord's people and also with demons" + +# Or do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? + +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this question in their minds. AT: "You should know without me telling you that it is not right to make the Lord jealous." + +# provoke + +to anger or irritate + +# Are we stronger than he is? + +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this question in their minds. AT: "You should know without me telling you that we are not stronger than God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/23.md b/1co/10/23.md index 630a24a8c2..001f8dfd7a 100644 --- a/1co/10/23.md +++ b/1co/10/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:lawful|lawful]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] +Paul again reminds them of the law of liberty and doing everything for the benefit of others. -## translationNotes +# Everything is lawful -* **"Everything is lawful"** - Paul is quoting a slogan of some Corinthians. AT: 'I can do anything I desire'." -* **No one should seek his own good. Instead each one should seek the good of his neighbor** - Do what is good for others rather than doing what is good for yourself. -* **good** - AT: "benefit" +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, "Some say, 'I can do anything'" or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, "God allows me to do anything." This should be translated as in [1 Corinthians 6:12](../06/12.md). + +# not everything is beneficial + +"some things are not beneficial" + +# not everything builds people up + +Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated "builds up" in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). AT: "not everything strengthens people" or "some things do not strengthen people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/25.md b/1co/10/25.md index 824d88cc62..a4bb713837 100644 --- a/1co/10/25.md +++ b/1co/10/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# you without asking questions of conscience -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:conscience|conscience]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever|unbeliever, unbelief]] - -## translationNotes - -* **in the market** - a meeting place for people to buy and sell things like food. -* **The earth is the Lord's, and the fullness of it** - The Lord made the earth and everything in it. -* **without asking questions of conscience** - It is better not know where the food came from for conscience sake, acknowledging that all food comes from the Lord regardless if it was offered to idols or not. +"you. God wants you to eat the food with a clear conscience" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/28.md b/1co/10/28.md index 95c9fbdfa4..1fc2c99984 100644 --- a/1co/10/28.md +++ b/1co/10/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# But if someone ... the other person's conscience -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:conscience|conscience]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +Some translations put these words in parentheses because 1) the form of "you" here is singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after and 2) the words "For why should my freedom be judged by another's conscience?" seem to build on "eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience" ([1 Corinthians 10:27](./25.md)) rather than "the other person's conscience." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# says to you ... do not eat ... informed you ... your own conscience -* **Why should my freedom be judged by another person's conscience?** - AT: "My personal choices are not to be changed by what another person believes is right or wrong." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If I partake** - The "I" does not refer to Paul but was used to represent those who eat meat with thankfulness. AT: "If a person partakes," or "when a person eats" -* **with gratitude** - Possible meanings are 1) "with a feeling of appreciation or thankfulness to God." or 2) "with a feeling of appreciation or thankfulness to the host." -* **why am I vilified for that for which I gave thanks?** - "why are you saying evil things about me when I was thankful for the food?". AT: "I will not permit someone else to condemn me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the words "you" and "your" and the command "do not eat" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# For why ... conscience? If I partake ... gave thanks? + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "for" refers back to [1 Corinthians 10:27](./25.md), "I am not to ask questions of conscience, so why ... conscience? If I partake ... gave thanks?" or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking, "As some of you might be thinking, 'For why ... conscience? If I ... thanks?'" + +# why should my freedom be judged by another's conscience? + +The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. AT: "You should know without me telling you that no one should be able to say I am doing wrong just because that person has ideas about right and wrong that are different from mine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If I partake of the meal with gratitude, why am I being insulted for that for which I gave thanks? + +The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. AT: "I partake of the meal with gratitude, so no one should insult me for that for which I gave thanks." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If I partake + +If Paul is not quoting what some Corinthians might be thinking, the "I" represents those who eat meat with thankfulness. "If a person partakes" or "When a person eats" + +# with gratitude + +"and thank God for it" or "and thank the person who gave it to me for it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/31.md b/1co/10/31.md index 81c3d89145..0bd1968dba 100644 --- a/1co/10/31.md +++ b/1co/10/31.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Give no offense to Jews or to Greeks -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:greek|Greek, Grecian, Hellenistic]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jew|Jew, Jewish]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] +"Do not displease Jews or Greeks" or "Do not make Jews or Greeks angry" -## translationNotes +# please all people -* **Give no offense to Jews or to Greeks** - AT: "Do not displease Jews or Greeks" or "Do not make Jews or Greeks angry" -* **please all people** - AT: "make all people glad" -* **not seeking my own benefit** - AT: "not doing things I desired for myself" -* **the many** - As many people as possible. +"make all people glad" + +# I do not seek my benefit + +"I do not do things I desire for myself" + +# the many + +as many people as possible \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/intro.md b/1co/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3835acfa52 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. Many English translations indent the line of 10:7, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +Chapters 8-10 form a single unit, answering the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" In this chapter, Paul uses the exodus as a warning to people not to sin. Then, he returns to discussing meat offered to idols, using the Lord's Supper as an example. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exodus ##### +Paul uses the experiences of Israel leaving Egypt and roaming the desert as a warning to the believers. Although they all followed Moses, they all died on the way and none of them reached the Promised Land. Some worshiped an idol, some tested God, and some grumbled. This is a warning for Christians not to sin because temptation can be resisted because God provides a way of escape. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +##### Eating meat sacrificed to idol ##### +Paul discusses meat offered to idols. Christians are allowed to eat, but it may hurt others. So when buying meat or eating with a friend, do not ask if it has been offered to idols; but if someone tells you it has been offered to idols, don't eat it for the sake of that person. Do not offend anyone but seek to save them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/01.md b/1co/11/01.md index 6563fe01c5..74666a1e83 100644 --- a/1co/11/01.md +++ b/1co/11/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor|dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:imitate]] -* [[en:tw:imitate|imitate, imitator]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] -* [[en:tw:tradition|tradition]] +After reminding them to follow him the way he follows Christ, Paul gives some specific instructs in how women and men are to live as believers. -## translationNotes +# remember -* **remember** - AT: "think of" or "consider" -* **Now I want** - Possible meanings are 1) "Because of this, I want" or 2) "However, I want." -* **with his head covered** - "and does so after placing a cloth or veil over his head" -* **dishonors his head** - Possible meanings are 1) "brings disgrace on himself" (UDB) or 2) "brings disgrace on Christ, who is his head." +"think of" or "consider" + +# Now I want + +Possible meanings are 1) "Because of this, I want" or 2) "However, I want." + +# is the head of + +has authority over + +# a man is the head of a woman + +Possible meanings are 1) "men are to have authority over women" or 2) "the husband is to have authority over the wife" + +# with his head covered + +"and does so after placing a cloth or veil over his head" + +# dishonors his head + +Possible meanings are 1) "brings disgrace on himself" or 2) "brings disgrace on Christ, who is his head." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/05.md b/1co/11/05.md index 58b3d0781b..394821e4e0 100644 --- a/1co/11/05.md +++ b/1co/11/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# woman who prays ... dishonors her head -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor|dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|disgrace, shame]] +Possible meanings are 1) "woman who prays ... brings disgrace on herself" or 2) "wife who prays ... brings disgrace on her husband." -## translationNotes +# with her head uncovered -* **with her head uncovered** - without a veil, which was worn on the top of the head, extending down past the shoulders, but leaving the face uncovered. -* **dishonors her head** - Possible meanings are 1) “brings disgrace on herself” (UDB), or 2) “brings disgrace on her husband.” -* **as if her head were shaved** - As if she had removed all the hair on her head with a razor. -* **If it is disgraceful for a woman...** - It was a mark of disgrace or humiliation for a woman to have her hair shaved off or cut short. -* **cover her head** - "place a cloth or veil over her head." +That is, without the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders. + +# as if her head were shaved + +as if she had removed all the hair on her head with a razor + +# If it is disgraceful for a woman + +It was a mark of disgrace or humiliation for a woman to have her hair shaved off or cut short. + +# cover her head + +place on her head the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/07.md b/1co/11/07.md index e165edb7f8..11860d0b93 100644 --- a/1co/11/07.md +++ b/1co/11/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# should not have his head covered -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:glorify|glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:imageofgod]] -* [[en:tw:imageofgod|image of God, image]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "must not cover his head" or 2) "does not need to cover his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# glory of the man -* **should not have his head covered** - AT: “must not place a veil over his head.” -* **glory of the man** - Just as man reflects God's greatness, the woman reflects the man's character. -* **For man was not made from the woman, but the woman from the man** - At creation, God removed a bone from the side of the man to create the woman. +Just as man reflects God's greatness, the woman reflects the man's character. + +# For man was not made from woman. Instead, woman was made from man + +God made the woman by taking a bone from the man and making the woman from that bone. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not make the man from the woman. Instead, he made the woman from the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/09.md b/1co/11/09.md index 096e964860..73ef66e4fe 100644 --- a/1co/11/09.md +++ b/1co/11/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# For neither ... for man -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:authority|authority]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creation|create, creation, Creator]] +These words and all of [1 Corinthians 11:8](./07.md) could be put in parentheses so that the reader can see that the word "this" in "this is why ... the angels" clearly refers back to the words "the woman is the glory of the man" in [1 Corinthians 11:7](./07.md). -## translationNotes +# have a symbol of authority on her head -* **have a symbol of authority on her head** - Possible meanings are 1) "to symbolize that that she has man as her head" or 2) "to symbolize that she has the authority to pray or prophesy." +Possible meanings are 1) "to symbolize that she has man as her head" or 2) "to symbolize that she has the authority to pray or prophesy." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/11.md b/1co/11/11.md index 13fd7337d6..cfe051264f 100644 --- a/1co/11/11.md +++ b/1co/11/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Nevertheless -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +"While what I have just said is all true, the most important thing is this:" -## translationNotes +# in the Lord -* **in the Lord** - Possibilities are 1) "among Christians, who belong to the Lord" or 2) "in the world as created by God." -* **And all things are from God** - AT: "God created everything." +Possible meanings are 1) "among Christians, who belong to the Lord" or 2) "in the world as created by God." + +# the woman is not independent from the man, nor is the man independent from the woman + +This can be stated positively. AT: "the woman depends on the man, and the man depends on the woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# all things come from God + +"God created everything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/13.md b/1co/11/13.md index d923bc4c6a..139b689349 100644 --- a/1co/11/13.md +++ b/1co/11/13.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Judge for yourselves -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:glorify|glory]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|disgrace, shame, shameful, ashamed]] +"Judge this issue according to the local customs and church practices you know" -## translationNotes +# Is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered? -* **judge for yourselves** - AT: "judge this issue according to the local customs and church practices you know." -* **Is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered** - “To honor God, a woman should pray to God with a veil covering her head.” (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]; see Active/Passive) -* **Is it** - an idiom in which "it" refers to the remaining content of the sentence. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Does not even nature itself teach you** - AT: "Nature itself teach you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **nature itself** - This refers to the way society is ordered. AT: "the things that you know to be true in the world" or "the common view of society" -* **For her hair is given to her** - "For God created woman with hair" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **argue** - "verbally disagree" +Paul expects the Corinthians to agree with him. This can be stated in active form. "To honor God, a woman should pray to God with a covering on her head." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does not even nature itself teach you ... for him? + +Paul expects the Corinthians to agree with him. AT: "Nature itself even teaches you ... for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does not even nature itself teach you ... for him? + +He is speaking of the way people in society normally act as if it were a person who teaches. AT: "You know just from looking at the way people normally act ... for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# For her hair has been given to her + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For God created woman with hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/17.md b/1co/11/17.md index fdb14d7d60..78889f617c 100644 --- a/1co/11/17.md +++ b/1co/11/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +As Paul talks about communion, the Lord's supper, he reminds them to have right attitudes as well as unity. He reminds them that if they fail in those things when taking communion, they will become sick and die, as has already happened to some of them. -## translationNotes +# in the following instructions, I do not praise you. For when -* **instructions** - AT: "directions" or "policies" -* **come together** - AT: "gather together" -* **there are divisions** - There are different groups, some are noteworthy (possibly rich) and others are not (possibly poor or slaves). -* **so that those who are approved may be recognized among you.** - Possible meanings are 1) "so that people will know the most highly regarded believers among you", or 2) "so that people can display this approval to the others among you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **approved** - accepted by an authority, which in this case is the local church body. +Another possible meaning is "as I give you these instructions, there is something for which I cannot praise you: when" + +# instructions + +"directions" or "policies" + +# come together + +"gather together" or "meet" + +# it is not for the better but for the worse + +"you do not help each other; instead, you harm each other" + +# in the church + +"as believers." Paul is not talking about being inside a building. + +# there are divisions among you + +"you divide yourselves into opposing groups" + +# For there must also be factions among you + +Possible meanings 1) The word "must" indicates that that this situation is likely to happen. AT: "For there will probably be factions among you" or 2) Paul was using irony to shame them for having factions. AT: "For you seem to think that there must be factions among you" or "For you seem to think that you must divide yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# factions + +opposing groups of people + +# so that those who are approved may be recognized among you + +Possible meanings are 1) "so that people will know the most highly regarded believers among you" or 2) "so that people can display this approval to the others among you." Paul may have been using irony, saying the opposite of what he wanted the Corinthians to understand, to shame them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# who are approved + +Possible meanings are 1) "whom God approves" or 2) "whom you, the church, approve." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/20.md b/1co/11/20.md index 6986e2c73c..e16e115b39 100644 --- a/1co/11/20.md +++ b/1co/11/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# come together -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:lordssupper]] -* [[en:tw:lordssupper|Lord's Supper]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] +"gather together" -## translationNotes +# it is not the Lord's Supper that you eat -* **it is not the Lord’s Supper that you eat** - AT: "you may believe you are recreating the Lord's Supper, but you do not treat it with the respect required" -* **come together** - "gather together" -* ** to eat and to drink in** - AT: "in which to gather for a meal" -* **despise** - to hate or treat with dishonor and disrespect. -* **humiliate those** - This means to belittle or embarrass another in the presence of a church gathering. +"you may believe you are eating the Lord's Supper, but you do not treat it with respect" + +# to eat and to drink in + +"in which to gather for a meal" + +# despise + +hate or treat with dishonor and disrespect + +# humiliate + +embarrass or cause to feel shame + +# What should I say to you? Should I praise you? + +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. AT: "I can say nothing good about this. I cannot praise you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/23.md b/1co/11/23.md index 90678de2bc..70e32ffd18 100644 --- a/1co/11/23.md +++ b/1co/11/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you, that the Lord -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:betray|betray, betrayer]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:receive|receive]] +"For it was from the Lord that I heard what I told you, and it was this: the Lord" -## translationNotes +# on the night when he was betrayed -* **For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you** - AT: "For the Lord gave me information, and I gave it to you." -* **on the night when he was betrayed** - AT: "on the night that Judas Iscariot betrayed him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **took bread, and after he had given thanks, he broke it** - AT: "Jesus placed bread in his hand, thanked God for it, and, while holding the bread, pulled smaller pieces of bread from it." -* **This is my body** - AT: "The bread I am holding is my body". +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on the night that Judas Iscariot betrayed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he broke it + +"he pulled pieces from it" + +# This is my body + +"The bread I am holding is my body" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/25.md b/1co/11/25.md index e41505273e..5a334a638b 100644 --- a/1co/11/25.md +++ b/1co/11/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the cup -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:lordssupper]] -* [[en:tw:lordssupper|Lord's Supper]] -* [[en:tw:newcovenant]] -* [[en:tw:newcovenant|new covenant]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] +It is best to translate this literally. The Corinthians knew which cup he took, so it is not simply "a cup" or "some cup" or "any cup." Possible meanings are that it was 1) the cup of wine that one would expect him to use or 2) the third or fourth of the four cups of wine that the Jews drank at the Passover meal. -## translationNotes +# Do this as often as you drink it -* **he took the cup** - AT: "he picked up a cup containing wine". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Do this as often as you drink it,** - "Drink from this cup, and as often as you drink from it," -* **you proclaim the Lord's death** - "you are teaching about the reality of the Lord's death." The reference to Jesus' death refers more generally to his crucifixion and resurrection. -* **until he comes** - AT: "until Jesus comes back to the earth." +"Drink from this cup, and as often as you drink from it" + +# proclaim the Lord's death + +teach about the crucifixion and resurrection + +# until he comes + +Where Jesus comes to can be made explicit. AT: "until Jesus comes back to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/27.md b/1co/11/27.md index ef3d82896c..ccf3af1719 100644 --- a/1co/11/27.md +++ b/1co/11/27.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:discernment|discern, discernment]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:worthy|worthy, worth, unworthy]] +"eats the bread of the Lord or drinks the cup of the Lord" -## translationNotes +# examine -* **eats the bread or drink the cup of the Lord ** - AT: "participates in the celebration of the Lord's Supper." -* **examine** - "consider" or "test" -* **without discerning the body** - Possible meanings are 1) "and does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord" or 2) "and does not consider that he is handling the Lord's body" (UDB). +Paul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how "test the quality" is translated in [1 Corinthians 3:13](../03/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# without discerning the body + +Possible meanings are 1) "and does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord" or 2) "and does not consider that he is handling the Lord's body." + +# weak and ill + +These words mean almost the same thing and can be combined, as in UDB. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/31.md b/1co/11/31.md index 19c39c4bba..9fd5f8c9fa 100644 --- a/1co/11/31.md +++ b/1co/11/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# examine -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:condemn|condemn]] -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:discernment|discern, discernment]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:discipline|discipline]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:world|world, worldly]] +Paul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 11:28](./27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# we will not be judged -* ** we examine ourselves** - "we take a close look to evaluate our own behavior and actions" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not judge us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined, so that we may not be condemned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Lord judges us, he disciplines us, so that he will not condemn us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/33.md b/1co/11/33.md index a1dee83e4b..11e3f19681 100644 --- a/1co/11/33.md +++ b/1co/11/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# come together to eat -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +gather to eat a meal together before celebrating the Lord's Supper -## translationNotes +# wait for one another -* **come together to eat** - gather to eat a meal together before celebrating the Lord's Supper. -* **wait for one another** - "allow the others to arrive before beginning the meal." -* **let him eat at home** - AT: "let him eat before attending this gathering" -* **it will not be for judgment** - AT: "the gathering should not produce judgment due to lack of self control." -* **And about the other things you wrote** - "you wrote" is making explicit that Paul was addressing questions and concerns about which the Corinth believers had written to him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"allow the others to arrive before beginning the meal" + +# let him eat at home + +"let him eat before attending this gathering" + +# it will not be for judgment + +"it will not be an occasion for God to discipline you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/intro.md b/1co/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..198e5b8caa --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the beginning of a new section of the letter (Chapters 11-14). Paul now talks about proper church services. In this chapter, he deals with two different problems: women in the church services (11:1-16) and the Lord's Supper (11:17-34). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Proper conduct in a church service ##### + +##### Disorderly women ##### + +Paul's instructions here are debated among scholars. It is probable that there were women who were abusing the freedom they had in Christ and were causing disorder in the church by going against established cultural customs. The actions themselves were not Paul's concern, the disorder their actions created caused him to be concerned. + +##### The Lord's Supper ##### +There were problems in how the Corinthians were handling the Lord's Supper. They did not act in a unified manner. During the feast celebrated along with the Lord's Supper, some ate their own food without sharing, and some got drunk while the poor remained hungry. Paul taught that the believers dishonored Christ's death if they participated in the Lord's Supper while at the same time, they were practicing sin or were in broken relationships with each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold the people for their unwillingness to follow the rules for worship he has suggested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### The head ##### + +He uses "the head" in reference to a person's actual head and as a metonym for a leader. Since they are so close together, the author likely intentionally used these terms to play on each other. This is called a pun, or a play on words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/01.md b/1co/12/01.md index dba2ddf626..28b79898ff 100644 --- a/1co/12/01.md +++ b/1co/12/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:pagan]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Paul lets them know that God has given special gifts to believers. These gifts are to help the body of believers. -## translationNotes +# I do not want you to be uninformed -* **I do not want you to be uninformed** - AT: "I want you to know" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **you were led astray to voiceless idols** - AT: "other people influenced you to worship voiceless idols" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you were led by them** - AT: "they led you" -* **no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can say** - Possible meanings are 1) "no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him, can say," or 2) "no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say." +This can be stated as a positive. AT: "I want you to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# you were led astray to idols who could not speak + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you believed lies and you worshiped idols who could not speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in whatever ways you were led by them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and they led you in many ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can say + +Possible meanings are 1) "no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him can say" or 2) "no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say." + +# Jesus is accursed + +"God will punish Jesus" or "God will make Jesus suffer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/04.md b/1co/12/04.md index 3bbaba6564..7b02157f90 100644 --- a/1co/12/04.md +++ b/1co/12/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# makes them possible in everyone -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* **them all** - This refers to all the "different works" that Christians do. +"causes everyone to have them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/07.md b/1co/12/07.md index 6fda2fa3dc..4a4a13ef76 100644 --- a/1co/12/07.md +++ b/1co/12/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# to each one is given -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This can be stated in active form. God is the one who does the giving ([1 Corinthians 12:6](./04.md)). AT: "God gives to each one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to one is given by the Spirit the word -* **to each one is given** - AT: "God gives to each one" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by means of the Spirit God gives to one person the word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the Spirit + +God gives the gifts through the work of the Spirit. + +# wisdom ... knowledge + +The difference between these two words is not as important here as the fact that God gives them both by the same Spirit. + +# the word of wisdom + +Paul is communicating one idea through two words. AT: "wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# the word of knowledge + +Paul is communicating one idea through two words. AT: "words that show knowldge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/09.md b/1co/12/09.md index ef287756a2..21281b39a4 100644 --- a/1co/12/09.md +++ b/1co/12/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# is given -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle|deeds of power]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +This can be stated in active form. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](./07.md). AT: "God gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit -* **various kinds of tongues** - This phrase refers to speaking different languages. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the interpretation of tongues** - "the ability to interpret tongues" +The words "are given" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit are given" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to another prophecy + +The phrase "is given by the same Spirit" is understood from the previous phrases. AT: "to another prophecy is given by the same Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to another various kinds of tongues + +The phrase "are given by the same Spirit" is understood from the previous phrases. AT: "to another various kinds of tongues are given by the same Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# various kinds of tongues + +Here "tongues" represents languages. AT: "the ability to speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to another the interpretation of tongues + +The phrase "is given by the same Spirit" is understood from the previous phrases. AT: "to another the interpretation of tongues is given by the same Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the interpretation of tongues + +This is the ability to listen to what someone says in one language and use another language to tell people what that person is saying. AT: "the ability to interpret what is said in other languages" + +# one and the same Spirit + +God gives the gifts through the work of the one and only Holy Spirit. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/12.md b/1co/12/12.md index a57ae77cfa..8bc064a202 100644 --- a/1co/12/12.md +++ b/1co/12/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:member]] +Paul continues to talk of the variety of gifts God gives believers, God gives different gifts to different believers, but Paul wants them to know that all believers are made into one body, which is called the body of Christ. For this reason believers should have unity. -## translationNotes +# For by one Spirit we were all baptized -* **we were all baptized** - AT: "the Holy Spirit baptized us all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all were made to drink of one Spirit** - AT: "God gave all of us the same Spirit, and we share the Spirit as people might share a drink." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us, "For one Spirit baptized us" or 2) that the Spirit, like the water of baptism, is the medium through which we are baptized into the body, "For in one Spirit we were all baptized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all were made to drink of one Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave all of us the same Spirit, and we share the Spirit as people might share a drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/14.md b/1co/12/14.md index 33acecc213..4d7638398c 100644 --- a/1co/12/14.md +++ b/1co/12/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# where would the sense of hearing be? ... where would the sense of smell be? -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:member]] - -## translationNotes - -* **where would the sense of hearing be?...where would the sense of smell be?** - AT: "you could not hear anything...you could not smell anything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be made a statement. AT: "you could not hear anything ... you could not smell anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/18.md b/1co/12/18.md index 3550818e01..715b9a52d1 100644 --- a/1co/12/18.md +++ b/1co/12/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the same member -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:member]] +The word "member" is a general word for the parts of the body, like the head, arm, or knee. AT: "the same part of the body" -## translationNotes +# where would the body be? -* **all the same member** - As in if each part were a foot, then there would be no arm, hand, leg, chest, or head which is needed to constitute a body. We would all be a foot but not a body. -* **where would the body be?** - AT: "there would be no body" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **So now they are many members, but** - AT: "They are many members, therefore, but" +This can be made a statement. AT: "there would be no body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/21.md b/1co/12/21.md index 982a614872..f8bbdc5b71 100644 --- a/1co/12/21.md +++ b/1co/12/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I have no need of you -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:member]] +"I do not need you" -## translationNotes +# less honorable -* **appear to be less honorable** - "appear to be inferior" -* **unpresentable** - This probably refers to the private parts of the body, which people keep covered up. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"less important" + +# our unpresentable members + +This probably refers to the private parts of the body, which people keep covered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/25.md b/1co/12/25.md index fd52335dc3..5905abbc55 100644 --- a/1co/12/25.md +++ b/1co/12/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# there may be no division within the body, but -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|affection, love]] -* [[en:tw:member]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +"the body may be unified, and" -## translationNotes +# one member is honored -* **there may be no division within the body, but** - AT: "the body may be unified, and" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **one member is honored** - AT: "one member receives honor" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Now you are...** - Here, "Now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone gives honor to one member" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Now you are + +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/28.md b/1co/12/28.md index aeeae2e6e4..9a9e34ba9b 100644 --- a/1co/12/28.md +++ b/1co/12/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# first apostles -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle|powerful deed]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Possible meanings are 1) "the first gift I will mention is apostles" or 2) "the most important gift is apostles." -## translationNotes +# those who provide helps -* **first apostles** - Possible meanings are 1) "the first I will mention is apostles", or 2) "the gift that is first in importance is apostles". -* **those who provide helps** - AT: "Those who provide help to other believers." -* **Those who do work of administration** - AT: "Those who govern the church." -* **and those who have various kinds of tongues** - an individual can speak in one or more foreign languages without having studied that language. -* **Are all of us apostles?...Do all of us do powerful deeds?** - AT: "Not everyone is an apostle...Only some do powerful deeds" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"those who provide help to other believers" + +# those who do the work of administration + +"those who govern the church" + +# those who have various kinds of tongues + +an individual who can speak in one or more foreign languages without having studied that language + +# Are all of them apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all do powerful deeds? + +Paul is reminding his readers of what they already know. AT: "Only some of them are apostles. Only some of them are prophets. Only some of them are teachers. Only some of them do powerful deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/30.md b/1co/12/30.md index 658fbae989..6bca9e6745 100644 --- a/1co/12/30.md +++ b/1co/12/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do all of them have gifts of healing? -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +This can be a statement. AT: "Not all of them have gifts of healing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Do all of them speak with tongues? -* **Do all of us have gifts of healings?** - AT: "Not all of us have gifts of healings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Zealously seek the greater gifts.** - Possible meanings are 1) "You must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church" or 2) "You are eagerly looking for gifts which you think are greater, because you think they are more exciting to have." +This can be a statement. AT: "Not all of them speak with tongues." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do all of them interpret tongues? + +This can be a statement. AT: "Not all of them interpret tongues." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# interpret + +This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/12.md). + +# Zealously seek the greater gifts. + +Possible meanings are 1) "You must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church." or 2) "You are eagerly looking for gifts that you think are greater because you think they are more exciting to have." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/intro.md b/1co/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2ba9622884 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Gifts of the Holy Spirit ##### + +This chapter begins a new section. Chapters 12-14 discuss the use of the spiritual gifts within the church. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Church, the body of Christ ##### + +This is an important metaphor in Scripture. The Church has many different parts, each with different functions. They combine to make one church. All of the different parts are necessary. Each part is to have concern for all the other parts, even those that seem less important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "No one can say, 'Jesus is Lord,' except by the Holy Spirit." ##### +In reading the Old Testament, the Jews would have substituted the word "Lord" for the word "Yahweh." This probably means that no one can say that Jesus is Yahweh, God in the flesh, without the Holy Spirit's influence drawing them to accept this truth. If this statement is translated poorly, it can have unintended theological consequences. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/13/01.md b/1co/13/01.md index 387d1c23e2..1ea41f8613 100644 --- a/1co/13/01.md +++ b/1co/13/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Having just talked about the gifts that God gave to believers, Paul emphasizes what is more important. -## translationNotes +# the tongues of ... angels -* **the tongues of angels** - Possible meanings are 1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]), or 2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. -* **I have become a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal.** - I have become like instruments that make loud, annoying sounds. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **to be burned** - The oldest manuscripts read "so that I could boast." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_manuscripts]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use or 2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# I have become a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal + +I have become like instruments that make loud, annoying sounds (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# gong + +a large, thin, round metal plate that is hit with a padded stick to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a clanging cymbal + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# I give my body to be burned + +The phrase "to be burned" can be made active. AT: "I allow those who persecute me to burn me to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/13/04.md b/1co/13/04.md index 0daa1a8ef7..0893449794 100644 --- a/1co/13/04.md +++ b/1co/13/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Love is patient and kind ... endures all things -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope| hope, confidence]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Here Paul speaks about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# It is not easily angered -* **Love is patient and kind** - Here Paul speaks about love as if it were a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will be able to make it angry quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It does not rejoice in unrighteousness. Instead, it rejoices in the truth + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "It rejoices only in righteousness and truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/13/08.md b/1co/13/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 48a13c8ba3..0000000000 --- a/1co/13/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/1co/13/11.md b/1co/13/11.md index 0d226a3c13..39dca4a60b 100644 --- a/1co/13/11.md +++ b/1co/13/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For now we see indirectly in a mirror -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope, confidence]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +Mirrors in Paul's day were made of polished metal rather than glass and provided a dim, vague reflection. -## translationNotes +# now we see -* **For now we see in a mirror, as in a dark image** - This refers to mirrors in the first century, which were made of polished metal rather than glass, and provided a dim, vague reflection. -* **face to face** - This means that we will be physically present with Christ. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **just as I have been fully known** - AT: "just as Christ has known me fully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "now we see Christ" or 2) "now we see God." + +# but then face to face + +"but then we will see Christ face to face" This means that we will be physically present with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will know fully + +The word "Christ" is understood. AT: "I will know Christ fully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# just as I have been fully known + +This can be stated as active. AT: "just as Christ has known me fully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# faith, future confidence, and love + +These abstract nouns can be expressed in phrases with verbs. AT: "we must trust the Lord, be confident that he will do what he has promised, and love him and others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/13/intro.md b/1co/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4a3678e47 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +While it appears that Paul interrupts his discussion of spiritual gifts, this chapter's contents probably serve a larger function in his teaching on the use of spiritual gifts. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Love ##### + +Love is the most important characteristic of the believer. This chapter gives a full description of love and why love is more important than the gifts of the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +There are many different metaphors in this chapter. Paul uses these metaphors to instruct the Corinthians, especially on difficult topics. Spiritual discernment is often needed to understand these teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/01.md b/1co/14/01.md index 753b349ff7..032a18816b 100644 --- a/1co/14/01.md +++ b/1co/14/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:mystery|mystery, hidden things]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +Paul wants them to know that though teaching is more important because it instructs people, it must be done with love. -## translationNotes +# Pursue love -* **pursue love** - "follow after love" or "follow the way of love" -* **especially that you may prophesy** - Paul continues to make an argument for why prophesy is better than one who speaks in tongues to God. +Paul speaks of love as if it were a person. "Follow after love" or "Work hard to love people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# especially that you may prophesy + +"and work especially hard to be able to prophesy" + +# to build them up + +Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated "builds up" in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). AT: "to strengthen them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# builds up + +Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated "builds up" in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). AT: "strengthens people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/05.md b/1co/14/05.md index 253af44df0..dab826851d 100644 --- a/1co/14/05.md +++ b/1co/14/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who prophesies is greater -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Paul is emphasizing that the gift of prophecy is greater than the gift of speaking in tongues. AT: "The one who prophesies has a greater gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# interprets -* **The one who prophesies is greater** - Paul is emphasizing that the gift of prophecy is greater than the gift of speaking in tongues. AT: "The one who prophesies has a greater gift." -* **how will I benefit you** - AT: "I will not benefit you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/12.md). + +# how will I benefit you? + +This can be a statement. AT: "I will not benefit you." or "I will not have done anything that helps you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/07.md b/1co/14/07.md index 003b06d3c5..7e200e19b8 100644 --- a/1co/14/07.md +++ b/1co/14/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they do not produce different tones -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This refers to sounds of different pitch that make up the melody, not to the difference between a flute sound and a harp sound. -## translationNotes +# how will anyone know what tune the flute or harp is playing? -* **how will anyone know which instrument is being played?** - AT: "no one would be able to tell which instrument I was playing" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this themselves. AT: "no one will know what tune the flute or harp is playing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# tune + +"melody" or "song" + +# how will anyone know when it is time to prepare for battle? + +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this themselves. AT: "no one would know when it is time to prepare for battle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/10.md b/1co/14/10.md index 42eba288a8..d1de77101a 100644 --- a/1co/14/10.md +++ b/1co/14/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|language, tongue]] - -## translationNotes +# none is without meaning +This can be stated as a positive. AT: "they all have meaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/12.md b/1co/14/12.md index c368bb19d4..d45816a990 100644 --- a/1co/14/12.md +++ b/1co/14/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the manifestations of the Spirit -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +"being able to do things that show that the Spirit controls you" -## translationNotes +# try to excel in the gifts that build up the church -* **the manifestations of the Spirit** - This phrase refers to the spiritual gifts. -* **my mind is unfruitful** - This means that I do not understand the words I am saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Paul speaks of the church as if it were a house that one could build and of the work of building the church as if it were something one could harvest. AT: "to succeed greatly in making God's people more able to serve God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# interpret + +This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/12.md). + +# my mind is unfruitful + +The mind not understanding what is being prayed and, therefore, receiving no benefit from the prayer is spoken of as if the "mind is unfruitful." AT: "I do not understand it in my mind" or "my mind does not benefit from the prayer, because I do not understand the words I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/15.md b/1co/14/15.md index 7c04645005..bdb6bde682 100644 --- a/1co/14/15.md +++ b/1co/14/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# What am I to do? -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Paul is introducing his conclusion. AT: "This is what I will do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# pray with my spirit ... pray with my mind ... sing with my spirit ... sing with my mind -* **What am I to do?** - AT: "This is what I will do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **pray with my spirit...sing with my mind** - This refers to praying or praising in tongues. -* **with my mind** - This means with words that I understand. -* **you praise God...you are giving thanks...you are saying** - Though "you" is singular in this instance, Paul is addressing everyone who prays only in the spirit, but not with the mind. -* **the outsider** - AT: "another person" +Prayers and songs must be in a language that the people present can understand. + +# with my mind + +"with words that I understand" + +# you praise God ... you are giving thanks ... you are saying + +Though "you" is singular here, Paul is addressing everyone who prays only in the spirit, but not with the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# how will the outsider say "Amen" ... saying? + +This can be a statement. AT: "the outsider will never be able to say 'Amen' ... saying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the outsider + +Possible meanings are 1) "another person" or 2) "people who are new to your group." + +# say "Amen" + +"be able to agree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/17.md b/1co/14/17.md index 362976f6c6..0f9855549c 100644 --- a/1co/14/17.md +++ b/1co/14/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you certainly give -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the other person is not built up -* **in the church** - This refers to a meeting of the church. AT: "in a church meeting" -* **ten thousand words** - AT: "10,000 words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated "builds up" in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). AT: "the other person is not strengthened" or "what you say does not strengthen any outsider who might hear you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# than ten thousand words in a tongue + +Paul was not counting words, but used exaggeration to emphasize that a few understandable words are far more valuable than even a great number of words in a language that people cannot understand. AT: "10,000 words" or "a great many words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/20.md b/1co/14/20.md index 6898b223f4..67f646d71d 100644 --- a/1co/14/20.md +++ b/1co/14/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, stranger]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul tells them that speaking in different languages was told ahead of time by the prophet Isaiah many years before this speaking in other languages happened at the start of Christ's church. -## translationNotes +# do not be children in your thinking -* **By men of strange tongues and by the lips of strangers** - These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "children" is a metaphor for being spiritually immature. AT: "do not think like children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In the law it is written, + +This can be stated in active form: AT: "The prophet wrote these words in the law:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# By men of strange tongues and by the lips of strangers + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/22.md b/1co/14/22.md index aee979d93b..a93608a261 100644 --- a/1co/14/22.md +++ b/1co/14/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] +Paul gives specific instructions on an orderly way to use gifts in the church. -## translationNotes +# not for unbelievers, but for believers -* **would they not say that you are insane?** - AT: "they would say that you are insane." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be expressed positively and combined with the other positive statement. AT: "only for believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# would they not say that you are insane? + +This can be a statement. AT: "they would say that you are insane." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/24.md b/1co/14/24.md index 2dd6d97711..affe6727ca 100644 --- a/1co/14/24.md +++ b/1co/14/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he would be convicted by all he hears. He would be judged by all that is said -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|convict, guilt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|secret, reveal, mystery]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Paul says basically the same thing twice for emphasis. AT: "he would realize that he is guilty of sin because he hears what you are saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The secrets of his heart would be revealed -* **he would be convicted by all he hears, he would be judged by all that is said** - Paul said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the secrets of his heart would be revealed** - AT: "God would reveal the secrets of his heart" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God would reveal to him the secrets of his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/26.md b/1co/14/26.md index ef182c023b..7dd1df4118 100644 --- a/1co/14/26.md +++ b/1co/14/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# What is next then, brothers? -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Paul uses a question to introduce the next part of his message. AT: "Because everything I have just told you is true, this is what you need to do, my fellow believers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# interpret what is said -* **interpret what is said** - AT: "interpret what they said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "interpret what they said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# interpretation ... interpret + +This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how "interpret" is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/29.md b/1co/14/29.md index 76acf2d800..07bc061bfb 100644 --- a/1co/14/29.md +++ b/1co/14/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Let two or three prophets speak -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|insight, revelation]] +Possible meanings are 1) only two or three prophets speak at any one meeting or 2) only two or three prophets take turns speaking at any one time. -## translationNotes +# to what is said -* **Let two or three prophets speak** - Possible meanings are 1) only two or three prophets speak at a service or 2) only two or three prophets speak at once. -* **to what is said** - AT: "to what they say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **if an insight is given** - If God gives a revelation or word of knowledge to one sitting regarding the prophet's words. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if an insight is given to one + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if God gives someone insight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/31.md b/1co/14/31.md index 28c266ee86..aa362b2ae6 100644 --- a/1co/14/31.md +++ b/1co/14/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# prophesy one by one -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Only one person should prophesy at a time. -## translationNotes +# all may be encouraged -* **prophesy one by one** - only one person should prophesy at a time. -* **all may be encouraged** - AT: "you may encourage all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **God of confusion** - That is, God does not create confusing situations by making people all speak at the same time. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you may encourage all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God is not a God of confusion + +God does not create confusing situations by making people all speak at the same time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/34.md b/1co/14/34.md index 585f6b71c9..bcf655ec64 100644 --- a/1co/14/34.md +++ b/1co/14/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# keep silent -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, disgraceful]] -* [[en:tw:submit]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Possible meanings are 1) stop speaking, 2) stop speaking when someone is prophesying, or 3) be absolutely silent during the church service. -## translationNotes +# Did the word of God come from you? Are you the only ones it has reached? -* **keep silent** - Possible meanings are 1) stop speaking, 2) stop speaking when someone is prophesying, or 3) be absolutely silent during the church service. -* **Did the word of God come from you? Are you the only ones it has reached?** - Paul emphasizes that the Corinthians are not the only ones who understand what God wants Christians to do. AT: "The word of God did not come from you in Corinth; you are not the only people who understand God's will." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **come from you** - The word "you" is plural and refers to the Corinthian believers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Paul emphasizes that the Corinthians are not the only ones who understand what God wants Christians to do. AT: "The word of God did not come from you in Corinth; you are not the only people who understand God's will." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/37.md b/1co/14/37.md index 4f19f684dc..29b473c3da 100644 --- a/1co/14/37.md +++ b/1co/14/37.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he should acknowledge -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +A true prophet or truly spiritual person will accept Paul's writings as coming from the Lord. -## translationNotes +# let him not be recognized -* ** he should acknowledge ... ** - Paul establishes a test for true and false prophets based on the person's acceptance of his writings. -* **let him not be recognized** - AT: "let others not recognize him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you should not recognize him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/39.md b/1co/14/39.md index 0d3593fb74..8a8b854992 100644 --- a/1co/14/39.md +++ b/1co/14/39.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# do not forbid anyone from speaking in tongues -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] -* [[en:tw:zealous|zeal, zealous, earnest desire]] +Paul makes it clear that speaking in tongues at a church gathering is permissible and acceptable. -## translationNotes +# But let all things be done properly and in order -* **do not forbid anyone from speaking in tongues** - Paul makes it clear that speaking in tongues at a church gathering is permissible and acceptable. -* **But let all things be done decently and in order** - Paul is stressing that church gatherings should be held in an orderly manner. AT: "But do all things decently and in order" or "But do everything in an orderly, appropriate way." +Paul is stressing that church gatherings should be held in an orderly manner. AT: "But do all things properly and in order" or "But do everything in an orderly, appropriate way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/intro.md b/1co/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..439f77aa90 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:21, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +Paul returns to his discussion on the gifts of the Holy Spirit. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tongues ##### + +The gift of tongues is described as an inferior gift because it primarily serves an individual or a few people within the church; it does not serve the church as a whole. It is also very important that this gift be used in the proper way. The use of tongues is also described as a sign for unbelievers. The exact meaning of this phrase is debated among scholars. + +##### Prophecy ##### + +Prophecy is described as a superior gift because it can be used in service of the entire church, unlike the gifts that are primarily helpful to an individual. Prophecy is described as a gift for believers, but the exact meaning of this phrase is debated among scholars. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/01.md b/1co/15/01.md index 58c98818ec..4541085d56 100644 --- a/1co/15/01.md +++ b/1co/15/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Paul reminds them that it is the gospel that saves them and he tells them again what the gospel is. Then he gives them a short history lesson, which ends with what will yet happen. -## translationNotes +# remind you -* **remind** - "help you remember" -* **firmly** - "securely" -* **and by which you are being saved** - "And by which God will save you". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"help you remember" + +# on which you stand + +Paul is speaking of the Corinthians as if they were a house and the gospel as if it were the foundation on which the house was standing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are being saved + +This can be stated in active form. "God will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/03.md b/1co/15/03.md index bf846a1b0a..cb13eed7b0 100644 --- a/1co/15/03.md +++ b/1co/15/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# as of first importance -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Possible meanings are 1) as the most important of many things or 2) as the first in time . -## translationNotes +# for our sins -* **Christ died for our sins** - "Christ allowed himself to die on the cross because we sinned" -* **according to the Scriptures** - Paul is referring to the writings of the Old Testament. +"to pay for our sins" or "so that God could forgive our sins" + +# according to the scriptures + +Paul is referring to the writings of the Old Testament. + +# he was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he was raised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God raised him" or "he rose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/05.md b/1co/15/05.md index ad181c9da1..6c5fc93011 100644 --- a/1co/15/05.md +++ b/1co/15/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +If you need for verse 5 to be a complete sentence, end [1 Corinthians 15:4](./03.md) with a comma so that verse 5 completes the sentence begun in [1 Corinthians 15:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# appeared to -* **appeared to** - "showed himself to" -* **five hundred** - 500. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"showed himself to" + +# five hundred + +500 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/08.md b/1co/15/08.md index b0819396ce..e7a9d782d4 100644 --- a/1co/15/08.md +++ b/1co/15/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Last of all -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +"Finally, after he had appeared to the others" -## translationNotes +# a child born at the wrong time -* **Last of all** - AT: "Finally, after appearing to the others" -* **a child born at the wrong time** - This is an idiom referring to a person who desired to experience specific events that others had experienced at another time. Paul hadn't spent time with Jesus during his ministry on earth, as the other apostles had. AT: "someone who missed the experiences of the others." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom by which Paul may mean that he became a Christian much later than the other apostles. Or perhaps he means that, unlike the other apostles, he did not witness Jesus' three-year-long ministry. AT: "someone who missed the experiences of the others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/10.md b/1co/15/10.md index aea8d8af41..235453af65 100644 --- a/1co/15/10.md +++ b/1co/15/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the grace of God I am what I am -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +God's grace or kindness has made Paul as he is now. -## translationNotes +# his grace in me was not in vain -* **the grace of God I am who I am,** - God's grace or kindness has made Paul as he is now. -* **was not in vain** - Paul chose to live according to God's kindness. -* **grace of God that is with me** - Paul attributes his life to God's kindness toward him. +Paul is emphasizing through litotes that God worked through Paul. AT: "because he was kind to me, I was able to do much good work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# the grace of God that is with me + +Paul speaks of the work he was able to do because God was kind to him as if that grace were actually doing the work. AT: Possible meanings are 1) this is literally true, and God actually did the work and kindly used Paul as a tool or 2) Paul is using a metaphor and saying that God was kind to let Paul do the work and to make Paul's work have good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/12.md b/1co/15/12.md index 7110abf97f..fd65afecbd 100644 --- a/1co/15/12.md +++ b/1co/15/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# how can some of you say there is no resurrection of the dead? -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] +Paul is using this question to begin a new topic. AT: "you should not be saying that there is no resurrection of the dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised -* **how can some of you say there is no resurrection of the dead?** - Paul's preaching on Christ rising from the dead contrary to there being no resurrection of the dead. AT: "You can not say there is no resurrection of the dead!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised** - To say that there is no resurrection of the dead is to say that Christ did not rise from the dead. +To say that there is no resurrection of the dead is to say that Christ did not rise from the dead. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/15.md b/1co/15/15.md index d521596c07..47e0ad0412 100644 --- a/1co/15/15.md +++ b/1co/15/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] +Paul wants them assured that Christ rose from the dead. -## translationNotes +# we are found to be false witnesses about God -* Paul continues to address the lie that Christ was not raised from the Dead. -* **And we are found to be false witnesses about God** - Paul is arguing that if Christ was not raised from the dead then they are bearing false witness, or lying about Christ having been raised from the dead. -* **your faith is in vain and you are still in your sins.** - Paul is saying that since their faith is based on Christ rising from the dead and if that did not happen, then their faith is useless. +Paul is arguing that if Christ did not rise from the dead, then they are bearing false witness or lying about Christ's coming alive again. + +# we are found to be + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone will realize that we are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your faith is in vain and you are still in your sins + +Their faith is based on Christ having risen from the dead, so if that did not happen, their faith will do them no good. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/18.md b/1co/15/18.md index e14afbbc45..88e40c815b 100644 --- a/1co/15/18.md +++ b/1co/15/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# of all people -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +"of everyone, including believers and non-believers" -## translationNotes +# of all people we are most to be pitied -* **of all people** - "of everyone, including believers and non-believers" -* **we are most to be pitied** - AT: "people should feel sorry for us, more than for others" +"people should feel sorry for us more than they do for anyone else" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/20.md b/1co/15/20.md index 7c8f56851f..736fcb243f 100644 --- a/1co/15/20.md +++ b/1co/15/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# now Christ -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +"as it is, Christ" or "this is the truth: Christ" -## translationNotes +# Christ has been raised +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has raised Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/22.md b/1co/15/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index d42b9c74b2..0000000000 --- a/1co/15/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] - -## translationNotes - -* None diff --git a/1co/15/24.md b/1co/15/24.md index ae92696078..e341219bff 100644 --- a/1co/15/24.md +++ b/1co/15/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Here the words "he" and "his" refer to Christ. -## translationNotes +# he will abolish all rule and all authority and power -* **for he must reign** - refers to Christ. -* **until he has put all his enemies under his feet** - This symbolizes the fact that Christ conquered all his enemies. AT: "until God has made all of Christ's enemies bow down to him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **destroyed** - "defeated completely" +"he will stop those people who rule, who have authority, and who have power from doing what they are doing" + +# until he has put all his enemies under his feet + +Kings who won wars would put their feet on the necks of those whom they had defeated. AT: "until God has completely destroyed all of Christ's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The last enemy to be destroyed is death + +Paul speaks of death here as if it were a person whom God will kill. AT: "The final enemy that God will destroy is death itself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/27.md b/1co/15/27.md index a655feeabc..a00a8dfdd8 100644 --- a/1co/15/27.md +++ b/1co/15/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he has put everything under his feet -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:subject]] +Kings who won wars would put their feet on the necks of those whom they had defeated. See how "put ... under his feet" is translated in [1 Corinthians 15:25](./24.md). AT: "God has completely destroyed all of Christ's enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# all things are subjected to him -* **"he has put everything under his feet"** - The Father has placed everything under Christ's control. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This can stated as active. AT: "God has made all things subject to Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son himself will be subjected + +This can stated as active. AT: "the Son himself will become subject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son himself + +In the previous verses he was referred to as "Christ." AT: "Christ, that is, the Son himself" + +# Son ... Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/29.md b/1co/15/29.md index 0b583dee8b..10eecfe801 100644 --- a/1co/15/29.md +++ b/1co/15/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead? -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. It can be stated in active form. AT: "Otherwise it would be useless for Christians to receive baptism for the dead." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# why are they baptized for them? -* **Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead?** - AT: "Otherwise it would be useless for Christians to receive baptism for the dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **be baptized for the dead** - "receive baptism on behalf of dead people" -* **And why are we in danger every hour?** - If Jesus did not rise from the dead, then there is no justification for Paul & other christians to be in danger regarding their beliefs and teachings. +Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. It can be stated in active form. AT: "there would be no reason for them to receive baptism on behalf of dead people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Why then, are we in danger every hour? + +Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. The reason he and others were in danger is that some people were angry that they taught that Jesus will raise people from death. AT: "If people will not rise from the dead, we gain nothing by being in danger every hour for teaching that people will rise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/31.md b/1co/15/31.md index 83a79e135d..6b99487db4 100644 --- a/1co/15/31.md +++ b/1co/15/31.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Every day I face death! -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast, boastful]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus|Ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] +Here "face death" represents knowing that he might die soon. He knew that some people wanted to kill him because they did not like what he was teaching.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# This is as sure as my boasting in you -* **I die daily** - Paul refers to denying the desires to sin. -* **if I fought with beasts at Ephesus** - Possible meaning are 1) Paul was speaking figuratively about his arguments with learned pagans or 2) If he was to be put into the arena to fight against dangerous animals. -* **Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die** - Paul concludes that if there is no further life after death, it is better for us to enjoy this life as we can for tomorrow our life will end without any further hope. +Paul uses this statement as evidence that he faces death every day. AT: "You can know that this is true, because you know about my boasting in you" or "You can know that this is true, because you know about how much I boast in you" + +# my boasting in you, which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord + +Paul boasted in them because of what Christ Jesus had done for them. AT: "my boasting in you, which I do because of what Christ Jesus our Lord has done for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my boasting in you + +"the way I tell other people how good you are" + +# What do I gain ... if I fought with beasts at Ephesus ... not raised? + +Paul wants the Corinthians to understand without him having to tell them. This can be a statement. AT: "I gained nothing ... by fighting with beasts at Ephesus ... not raised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I fought with beasts at Ephesus + +Paul is referring to something that he actually did. Possible meanings are 1) Paul was speaking figuratively about his arguments with learned pagans or other conflicts with people who wanted to kill him or 2) he was actually put into the arena to fight against dangerous animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die + +Paul concludes that if there is no further life after death, it is better for us to enjoy this life as we can, for tomorrow our life will end without any further hope. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/33.md b/1co/15/33.md index bd3ad0127e..56b468f412 100644 --- a/1co/15/33.md +++ b/1co/15/33.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Bad company corrupts good morals -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +If you live with bad people, you will act like them. Paul is quoting a common saying. -## translationNotes +# Sober up -* **Bad company corrupts good morals** - If you live with bad people, you will act like them. -* **Sober up** - AT: "You must think seriously about this" -* **to your shame** - AT: "and you should feel disgrace or dishonor" -* **For some of you have no knowledge of God** - Some of the people associating themselves with the church are not actual believers. They do not know the Gospel message. +"You must think seriously about this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/35.md b/1co/15/35.md index a1ec792289..4ab59bf3cc 100644 --- a/1co/15/35.md +++ b/1co/15/35.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] +Paul gives some specifics about how the resurrection of the believers' bodies will take place. He gives a picture of natural and spiritual bodies and compares the first man Adam with the last Adam, Christ. -## translationNotes +# But someone will say, "How are the dead raised, and with what kind of body will they come?" -* **But someone will say, "How are the dead raised? And with what kind of body will they come?"** - AT: "But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **someone** - AT: "anyone who would question the resurrection" -* **kind of body** - type of body: spiritual or physical or shape and substance -* **you are so ignorant** - AT: "you don't know about this at all." -* **What you sow will not start to grow unless it dies** - A seed will not grow unless it is first buried underground. In the same way, a person has to die before God can resurrect him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) The person is asking sincerely or 2) the person is using the question to mock the idea of a resurrection. AT: "But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# someone will say + +"someone will ask" + +# with what kind of body will they come + +That is, will it be a physical body or a spiritual body? What shape will the body have? What will the body be made of? Translate using the most general question that someone who wants to know the answers to these questions would ask. + +# You are so ignorant! What you sow + +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so both instances of "you" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You are so ignorant + +"You do not know about this at all" + +# What you sow will not start to grow unless it dies + +A seed will not grow unless it is first buried underground. In the same way, a person has to die before God can resurrect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/37.md b/1co/15/37.md index 3385ea8084..1c3765c0e0 100644 --- a/1co/15/37.md +++ b/1co/15/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What you sow is not the body that will be -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:seed|seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] +Paul uses the metaphor of the seed again to say that God will resurrect the dead body of the believer, but that body will not appear as it was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# What you sow -* **what you sow is not the body that will be** - The metaphor of the seed is again used, meaning that the dead body of the believer will be resurrected, and will not appear as it was. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **God will give it body as he chooses** - AT: "God will decide what kind of body" +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# God will give it a body as he chooses + +"God will decide what kind of body it will have" + +# flesh + +In the context of animals, "flesh" may be translated as "body," "skin," or "meat." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/40.md b/1co/15/40.md index 9fb832a4e9..82a9c69e34 100644 --- a/1co/15/40.md +++ b/1co/15/40.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# heavenly bodies -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earthly, earth]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] +Possible meanings are 1) the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky or 2) heavenly beings, such as angels and other supernatural beings. -## translationNotes +# earthly bodies -* **heavenly bodies** - Possible meanings are 1) refers to the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky or 2) it refers to heavenly beings such as angels and other supernatural beings. -* **earthly bodies** - refers to humans. -* **the glory of the heavenly body is one kind and the glory of the earthly is another** - AT: "the glory that heavenly bodies have is different than the glory that humans have" -* **glory** - This use of "glory" refers to the relative brightness to the human eye of objects in the sky. +This refers to humans. + +# the glory of the heavenly body is one kind and the glory of the earthly is another + +"the glory that heavenly bodies have is different from the glory of human bodies" + +# glory + +Here "glory" refers to the relative brightness to the human eye of objects in the sky. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/42.md b/1co/15/42.md index cc2c444fc1..7439a8b358 100644 --- a/1co/15/42.md +++ b/1co/15/42.md @@ -1,24 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# What is sown ... what is raised ... It is sown ... it is raised -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor|dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection|resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] +The writer speaks as if people putting a dead body into a grave were people planting the seed of a plant that would bear fruit. The passive verbs can be stated in active form. AT: "What goes into the grave ... what comes out of the grave ... It goes into the grave ... It comes out of the grave" or "What people bury ... what God raises ... People bury it ... God raises it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# is perishable ... is imperishable -* None +"can rot ... cannot rot" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/45.md b/1co/15/45.md index a05154bff2..08af82e3d5 100644 --- a/1co/15/45.md +++ b/1co/15/45.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# But the spiritual did not come first but the natural, and then the spiritual -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:adam|Adam]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +"The natural being came first. The spiritual being is from God and came later." -## translationNotes +# natural -* **But the spiritual did not come first but the natural, and then the spiritual** - AT: "The natural being came first. The spiritual being is from God and came later." -* **natural** - created by earthly processes, not yet connected to God +created by earthly processes, not yet connected to God \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/47.md b/1co/15/47.md index de367bb19a..a6a3ad0d8c 100644 --- a/1co/15/47.md +++ b/1co/15/47.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The first man is of the earth, made of dust -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:image]] +God made the first man, Adam, from the dust of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# dust -* **man/one is made of dust, is made from dust** - "Because God made him out of the dust of the earth." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **dust** - AT: "powder-like basic materials of the earth's ground" -* **the man of heaven** - Jesus Christ -* **those who are of heaven** - "those who believe in Christ" -* **bear** - "accept and reflect" +"dirt" + +# the man of heaven + +Jesus Christ + +# those who are of heaven + +"those who belong to God" + +# bear + +"accept and reflect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/50.md b/1co/15/50.md index 354407cf45..57f7c7db92 100644 --- a/1co/15/50.md +++ b/1co/15/50.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod|kingdom of God, kingdom of heaven]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:mystery|mystery, hidden truth]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] +Paul wants them to realize that some believers will not die physically but will still get a resurrected body through Christ's victory. -## translationNotes +# flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither does what is perishable inherit what is imperishable -* **that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God** - Paul is referring to those who have not been reborn or those who are not a new creation. -* **neither does perishable inherit imperishable** - Paul is stating our old bodies will perish but we will be changed into imperishable bodies. -* **we will all be changed** - AT: "God will change us all" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the two sentences mean the same thing. AT: "human beings who will surely die cannot inherit the permanent kingdom of God" or 2) the second sentence finishes the thought begun by the first. AT: "weak human beings cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither do those who will certainly die inherit a kingdom that will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# flesh and blood + +Those who inhabit a body that is doomed to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# inherit + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# is perishable ... is imperishable + +"can rot ... cannot rot." See how these words are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](./42.md). + +# we will all be changed + +This can be stated as active. AT: "God will change us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/52.md b/1co/15/52.md index 9b50943146..a2710e4002 100644 --- a/1co/15/52.md +++ b/1co/15/52.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# We will be changed -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will change us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# in the twinkling of an eye -* **We will be changed** - AT: "God will change us" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in the twinkling of an eye** - It will happen as fast as it takes for a person to blink their eye. -* **at the last trumpet...the trumpet will sound** - The blowing of a trumpet often precedes major events. In this case it will be the final major event in earth's history that Paul is referring to. -* **this mortal must put on immortality** - God will change our mortal bodies to immortal bodies. +It will happen as fast as it takes for a person to blink his or her eye. + +# at the last trumpet + +"when the last trumpet sounds" + +# imperishable ... this perishable body ... is imperishable + +"in a form that cannot rot ... this body that can rot ... cannot rot." See how similar phrases are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](./42.md). + +# must put on + +Paul is speaking of God making our bodies so they will never die again as if God were putting new clothes on us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/54.md b/1co/15/54.md index 2e42e1cf4a..65aac7fb7f 100644 --- a/1co/15/54.md +++ b/1co/15/54.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# when this perishable body has put on what is imperishable -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|mortal, death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Here the body is spoken of as if it were a person, and becoming imperishable is spoken of as if being imperishable was clothing that a body would wear. AT: "when this perishable body has become imperishable" or "when this body that can rot can no longer rot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# when this mortal body has put on immortality -* **Death, where is your victory? Death, where is your sting? ** - Paul says this to mock the power of death that has been overcome by Christ. AT: "Death has no victory. Death has no sting." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the body is spoken of as if it were a person, and becoming immortal is spoken of as if being immortal was clothing that a body would wear. AT: "when this mortal body has become immortal" or "when this body that can die can no longer die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Death, where is your victory? Death, where is your sting? + +Paul speaks as if death were a person, and he uses this question to mock the power of death, which Christ has defeated. AT: "Death has no victory. Death has no sting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your ... your + +These are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/56.md b/1co/15/56.md index 89f15614d3..dff41ad3ef 100644 --- a/1co/15/56.md +++ b/1co/15/56.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The sting of death is sin -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +It is through sin that we are destined to face death, that is to die. -## translationNotes +# the power of sin is the law -* **The sting of death is sin** - It is through sin that we are destined to face death, that is to die. -* **the power of sin is the Law** - God's law that was passed down by Moses defines sin and shows us how we sin before God. -* **gives us the victory** - "has defeated death for us" +God's law that was passed down by Moses defines sin and shows us how we sin before God. + +# gives us the victory + +"has defeated death for us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/58.md b/1co/15/58.md index 2decc1a561..1700cbfffd 100644 --- a/1co/15/58.md +++ b/1co/15/58.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:vain|vain]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Paul wants believers, while they work for the Lord, to remember the changed, resurrected bodies that God is going to give them. -## translationNotes +# be steadfast and immovable -* **be steadfast, immoveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord** - AT: "be determined, and work for the Lord faithfully." +Paul speaks of someone who lets nothing stop him from carrying out his decisions as if he could not be physically moved. AT: "be determined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Always abound in the work of the Lord + +Paul speaks of efforts made in working for the Lord as if they were objects that a person could acquire more of. AT: "Always work for the Lord faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/intro.md b/1co/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2bc09e1ba4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Resurrection ##### +This chapter includes a very important teaching about the resurrection of Jesus. The Greek people did not believe that a person could live after they died. Paul defends the resurrection of Jesus and its importance for all believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Resurrection ##### +The resurrection is presented as the ultimate proof that Jesus is God and a central aspect of the gospel. Christ is the first of many who will be raised to life. There are few doctrines as important as this one. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/raise]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +This chapter is filled with many different figures of speech. These help Paul to express difficult theological concepts in a way that people can understand. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/01.md b/1co/16/01.md index 21a00d2f1b..2bae1731ed 100644 --- a/1co/16/01.md +++ b/1co/16/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:galatia]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] +In his closing notes, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers to collect money for the needy believers in Jerusalem. He reminds them that Timothy will come to them before he goes to Paul. -## translationNotes +# for the believers -* **for the saints** - Paul was collecting money from his churches for the poor Jewish Christians in Jerusalem and Judea. -* **as I directed** - "as I gave specific instructions" -* **store it up** - Possible meanings are: 1) "keep it at home" or 2) "leave it with the church" -* **so that there will be no collections when I come** - AT: "So that you will not have to collect more money while I am with you." +Paul was collecting money from his churches for the poor Jewish Christians in Jerusalem and Judea. + +# as I directed + +"as I gave specific instructions" + +# store it up + +Possible meanings are: 1) "keep it at home" or 2) "leave it with the church" + +# so that there will be no collections when I come + +"so that you will not have to collect more money while I am with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/03.md b/1co/16/03.md index cff32874b8..1a0d2f6e04 100644 --- a/1co/16/03.md +++ b/1co/16/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# whomever you approve -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] +Paul is telling the church to choose some of their own people to take their offering to Jerusalem. "whomever you choose" or "the people you appoint" -## translationNotes +# I will send with letters -* **whomever you approve** - Paul is letting the church know that they can designate one of their own people to take their offering to Jerusalem. AT: "whomever you appoint." -* **I will send with letters ** - Possible meanings are 1) "I will send with letters that I will write" or 2) "I will send with letters that you will write". +Possible meanings are 1) "I will send with letters that I will write" or 2) "I will send with letters that you will write." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/05.md b/1co/16/05.md index 13f0b853b0..0d3ba2c426 100644 --- a/1co/16/05.md +++ b/1co/16/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# you may help me on my journey -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] - -## translationNotes - -* **you may help me on my journey** - Possibly provide financial or physical support for Paul and his ministry team. +This means they might give Paul money or other things he needs so that he and his ministry team could continue to travel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/07.md b/1co/16/07.md index 6df1f40dab..37536bcb42 100644 --- a/1co/16/07.md +++ b/1co/16/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I do not wish to see you now -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:pentecost]] +Paul is stating that he wants to visit for a long time later, not just for a short time soon. -## translationNotes +# Pentecost -* **I do not wish to see you now** - Paul is stating that he does not want to come for just a short visit now but for a longer period of time later. -* **Pentecost** - Paul would stay in Ephesus until this festival (May or June), later travel through Macedonia, and later try to arrive in Corinth before winter started in November. -* **a wide door has opened** - This means that the Lord had given him a good opportunity to win people to the gospel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul would stay in Ephesus until this festival, which came in May or June, 50 days after Passover. He would then travel through Macedonia, and later try to arrive in Corinth before winter started in November. + +# a wide door has opened + +Paul speaks of the opportunity God has given him to win people to the gospel as if it were a door that God had opened so he could walk through it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/10.md b/1co/16/10.md index b7a7c41a52..e799f76c5d 100644 --- a/1co/16/10.md +++ b/1co/16/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# see that he is with you unafraid -* [[en:tw:apollos]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"see that he has no cause to fear being with you" -## translationNotes +# Let no one despise him -* **see that he is with you unafraid** - AT: "see that he has no cause to fear being with you" -* **Let no one despise him.** - Timothy being much younger than Paul may not be welcomed with the respect due him as a minister of the Gospel like that of Paul and Apollos. -* **our brother Apollos** - Paul treats Apollos with the respect of a fellow believer and minister in Christ and by supporting his return to Corinth to minister to them. +Because Timothy was much younger than Paul, sometimes he was not shown the respect he deserved as a minister of the gospel. + +# our brother Apollos + +Here the word "our" refers to Paul and his readers, so it is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/13.md b/1co/16/13.md index 71253b2285..35e0e70a77 100644 --- a/1co/16/13.md +++ b/1co/16/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Be watchful, stand fast in the faith, act like men, be strong -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +Paul is describing what he wants the Corinthians to do as if he was giving four commands to soldiers in war. These four commands mean almost the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Be watchful -* **Be watchful** - Paul warns them to be aware that not all people who come proclaiming Christ are in Christ. -* ** stand fast in the faith** - Paul exhorts them to not let false teachers cause them to stumble in their faith. -* **act like men, be strong** - Paul exhorts them to be mature in Christ. +Paul speaks of people being aware of what is happening as if they were guards keeping watch over a city or vineyard. This can be stated more clearly. AT: "Be careful whom you trust" or "Watch out for danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stand fast in the faith + +Paul speaks of people continuing to believe in Christ according to his teaching as if they were soldiers refusing to retreat when the enemy attacks. Possible meanings are 1) "keep strongly believing what we have taught you" or 2) "keep strongly trusting in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# act like men + +In the society in which Paul and his audience lived, men usually provided for families by doing the heavy work and fighting against invaders. This can be stated more clearly. AT: "be responsible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let all that you do be done in love + +"Everything you do should show people that you love them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/15.md b/1co/16/15.md index 46a3b7870a..c0f971a660 100644 --- a/1co/16/15.md +++ b/1co/16/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit|firstfruits, first converts]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:submit]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul begins to close his letter and sends greetings from other churches, as well as from Prisca, Aquila, and Paul himself. -## translationNotes +# household of Stephanas -* **household of Stephanas** - Stephanas was one of the first believers in the Corinth Church. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **be in submission to such people** - Paul exhorts the believers to honor and respect those who serve the believers there, to treat them as their elders submitting to them. +Stephanas was one of the first believers in the church at Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Achaia + +This is the name of a province in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/17.md b/1co/16/17.md index b44c3cc38b..5b14c10c61 100644 --- a/1co/16/17.md +++ b/1co/16/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +These men were either some of the first Corinthian believers or church elders who were co-workers with Paul. -## translationNotes +# Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus -* **Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus** - These men were either some of the first Corinth believers or Church elders that have close ties with Paul. -* **Fortunatus, and Achaicus** - These are men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **For they refreshed my spirit** - Paul rejoiced and was glad for their visit. +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They have made up for your absence + +"They made up for the fact that you were not here." + +# For they have refreshed my spirit + +Paul is saying he was encouraged by their visit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/19.md b/1co/16/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0b5f4910e7..0000000000 --- a/1co/16/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:aquila]] -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:priscilla]] - -## translationNotes - -* **The churches of Asia** - Most of the Asia churches were located on the eastern coast of the Aegean Sea across from Corinth. -* ** Aquila and Prisca** - This couple were believers from Rome who preached the Gospel and instructed Apollos in the ways of Christ. diff --git a/1co/16/21.md b/1co/16/21.md index 806ab04dfb..95edf4b737 100644 --- a/1co/16/21.md +++ b/1co/16/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I, Paul, write this with my own hand -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Paul was making it clear that the instructions in this letter are from him, even though one of his co-laborers wrote what Paul was saying in the rest of the letter. Paul wrote this last part with his own hand. -## translationNotes +# may he be accursed -* **I, Paul, write this with my own hand** - Paul was making it clear that the instructions in this letter were from him even if most of the letter was written by one of his co-laborers. -* **let a curse be on him** - AT: "May God curse him." +"may God curse him." See how "accursed" was translated in [1 Corinthians 12:3](../12/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/intro.md b/1co/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1cc9b74658 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Paul briefly covers many topics in this chapter. It was common in the ancient Near East for the last part of the letter to have personal greetings. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Preparation for his coming ##### + +Paul tells them to start collecting money every Sunday for a gift for the believers in Jerusalem. He told them he would come to them and hoped to spend the winter with them. He told them to help Timothy when he came. He had hoped Apollos would go to them, but Apollos did not think it was the right time. Paul also told them to obey Stephanus. Finally he sent his greetings to everyone. These are practical instructions to help prepare the church for his visit. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/front/intro.md b/1co/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cefb2ad4a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Corinthians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 1 Corinthians #### + +1. Divisions in the church (1:10-4:21) +1. Moral sins and irregularities (5:1-13) +1. Christians taking other Christians to court (6:1-20) +1. Marriage and related matters (7:1-40) +1. Misuse of Christian liberty; food sacrificed to idols, fleeing idolatry; women's head coverings (8:1-13; 10:1-11:16) +1. Paul's rights as an apostle (9:1-27) +1. The Lord's Supper (11:17-34) +1. The gifts of the Holy Spirit (12:1-31) +1. Love (13:1-13) +1. The gifts of the Holy Spirit: prophecy and languages (14:1-40) +1. The resurrection of believers and the resurrection of Christ (15:1-58) +1. Closing: the contribution for Christians in Jerusalem, requests, and personal greetings (16:1-24) + +#### What is the Book of 1 Corinthians about? #### + +1 Corinthians is a book about conflicts among believers in the church in the city of Corinth. Paul had heard many bad reports about the believers' actions. Some of their problems included theological or doctrinal issues, but most of them were about bad behavior. This letter is Paul's response and encouragement for the Christians in Corinth to live in a God-pleasing way. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "First Corinthians" or "Paul's First Letter to the Church in Corinth." This letter is actually the first of two letters to the Corinthian Christians that are in the New Testament. There was at least one earlier letter, but that letter no longer exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 1 Corinthians? #### + +Paul of Tarsus was the author. He probably wrote from Ephesus after he lived for some time in Corinth and planted the church there. Paul had been known as "Saul" before his conversion to Christ, when he had been a persecutor of the church. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the city of Corinth like? #### + +Corinth was a major city located in ancient Greece. Because it was near the Mediterranean Sea, many people bought and sold goods there. This caused the city to have people from many different cultures. It was known for its immorality. Its religious practices centered on Aphrodite, the goddess of love. As part of the ceremonies honoring Aphrodite, her worshipers had sexual intercourse with temple prostitutes. + +#### What was the problem with meat sacrificed to idols? #### + +Many animals were slaughtered and sacrificed to the gods in Corinth. However, much of the meat was kept by the priests and worshipers, and much of it was sold in markets. Many Christians disagreed with each other over whether it was right for them to eat this meat, because it had been dedicated to a false god. Paul writes about this problem in 1 Corinthians. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in 1 Corinthians ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, 1 Corinthians ULB uses the following principles: + +* Sometimes the context mainly implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the use of "hagios" to express the fact that God views Christians as sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another use of "hagios" is to express the idea that God is perfect and faultless. A third use is to express the idea that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULB uses "holy," "holy God," "holy ones," or "holy people." (See: 1:2) +* Sometimes the context mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 6:1, 2; 14:33; 16:1, 15) +* Sometimes the context mainly implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "set apart," "dedicated to," or "reserved for." (See: 1:2; 3:17; 6:11; 7:14, 34) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. +#### What is the meaning of "flesh?" #### + +Paul frequently uses the terms "flesh" or "fleshly" to refer to Christians who follow their own sinful desires. Despite the imagery, it is not the physical world which is evil. Paul also describes Christians who live righteously as "spiritual" people because they follow the guidance of the Holy Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +This kind of expression occurs in 1:2, 30, 31; 3:1; 4:10, 15, 17; 6:11, 19; 7:22; 9:1, 2; 11:11, 25; 12:3, 9, 13, 18, 25; 14:16; 15:18, 19, 22, 31, 58; 16:19, 24. Paul means in general to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. At the same time, he often intends to signal other kinds of relationships. See, for example, "those who have been dedicated in Christ Jesus" (1:2), where Paul specifically signals that Christian believers have been set apart or "dedicated" to Christ. + +Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Corinthians? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The follow are the most significant issues in the Book of 1 Corinthians: + +* "and in your spirit, which are God's." (6:20) Some older versions read in this way, although the best copies do not have this reading. +* "I did this even though I was not under the law myself." (9:20) The ULB and UDB read in this way. However, some older versions leave this passage out. +* "For the earth and everything in it belong to the Lord." (10:28) Some older versions have this passage, but the best copies do not have it. The ULB and UDB do not have it. +* "and if I give my body to be burned." (13:3) Most versions, including the ULB and UDB, read in this way. However, some versions prefer, "and if I give my body so that I might boast." +* "But if anyone does not recognize this, let him not be recognized." (14:38) Most versions read in this way. However, some older versions read, "But if anyone is ignorant of this, let him be ignorant." + +In the case of passages that newer versions often leave out, it is not wrong for translators to include them, especially if older Bible versions in their region include them. If these passages are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to the Book of 1 Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/01.md b/1jn/01/01.md index 8573f59bd4..4392292d38 100644 --- a/1jn/01/01.md +++ b/1jn/01/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,59 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The apostle John wrote this letter to believers. All instances of "you," "your," and "yours" include all believers and are plural. Here the words "we" and "us" refer to John and those who had been with Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The apostle John wrote this to Christians. -* **That which was from the beginning** - The phrase "That which was from the beginning" refers to Jesus, who existed before everything was made. You could translate this as "We are writing to you about the one who existed before the creation of all things." -* **the beginning** - "the beginning of all things" or "the creation of the world" -* **which we have heard** - The phrase "which we have heard" refers to what Jesus taught them. It can be translated as "We heard him teach." -* **we** - In verses 1 and 2, the word "we" refers to John and those who knew Jesus when he was on this earth, but it does not include the people John was writing to. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **which we have seen with our eyes, which we have contemplated** - "We ourselves have seen him." -* **and our hands handled** - "we have touched him with our hands" -* **the Word of life** - This refers to Jesus. "He is the one who causes people to live forever." -* **the life was manifested** - This refers to Jesus' coming to earth. It can be translated as "God sent him to the earth" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and we have seen** - "and we saw him" -* **and bear witness** - "and are telling you about him" -* **the eternal life** - This phrase also refers to Jesus, who causes us to live forever. It can be translated as "that he causes us to live forever." -* **which was with the Father** - "He was with God the Father" -* **and was manifested to us** - "but he came to live among us" (UDB) +Verse 1 is a partial sentence. If you need to have a complete sentence, you can begin the sentence with verse 1, treat verse 2 as a parenthesis, as the UDB does, and complete the sentence with [1 John 1:3](./03.md). + +# General Information: + +In verses 1-2 many pronouns like "that," "which," and "it" are used. They refer to "the Word of life" and "the eternal life." But, since these are names for Jesus, you can use pronouns that refer to a person like "who," "whom" or "he." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# That which was from the beginning + +The phrase "That which was from the beginning" refers to Jesus, who existed before everything was made. AT: "We are writing to you about the one who existed before the creation of all things" + +# the beginning + +"the beginning of all things" or "the creation of the world" + +# which we have heard + +"which we have heard him teach" + +# which we have seen ... we have looked at + +This is repeated for emphasis. AT: "which we ourselves have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the Word of life + +The "Word of life" is Jesus. AT: "Jesus, the one who causes people to live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# life + +The word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the life was made known + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God made the eternal life known to us" or "God made us able to know him, who is eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we have seen it + +"we have seen him" + +# we bear witness to it + +"we solemnly tell others about him" + +# the eternal life + +Here, "the eternal life" refers to the one who gives that life, Jesus. AT: "the one who enables us to live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# which was with the Father + +"who was with God the Father" + +# and which has been made known to us + +This was when he lived on earth. AT: "and he came to live among us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/03.md b/1jn/01/03.md index 6d09e32935..43ee4f0155 100644 --- a/1jn/01/03.md +++ b/1jn/01/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +Here the words "we," "us," and "our" refer to John and those who had been with Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# That which we have seen and heard we declare also to you -* **that which we have seen and heard we declare to you also** - "We declare to you also what we have seen and heard" -* **we…us…our** - These pronouns refer to John and those who saw Jesus' alive and are now teaching people about it. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **you** - The word "you" is plural and refers to the people John was writing to. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **have fellowship with us. And our fellowship is with the Father** - The word fellowship here is referring to a close friendship. These clauses could be translated "be our close friends and we are friends with God the Father" -* **our fellowship** - It is not clear if John is including or excluding his readers. You may translate this either way. -* **Christ** - The word Christ is a title, not a name and it means "the chosen one". Here it is referring to God choosing Jesus to be our savior. -* **that your joy may be made complete** - "to make your joy complete" or "to make you completely happy" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"We say to you also what we have seen and heard" + +# have fellowship with us. Our fellowship is with the Father + +"be our close friends. We are friends with God the Father" + +# Our fellowship + +It is not clear if John is including or excluding his readers. You may translate this either way. + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# so that our joy will be complete + +"to make our joy complete" or "to make ourselves completely happy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/05.md b/1jn/01/05.md index 1014f58a99..f4e36eded1 100644 --- a/1jn/01/05.md +++ b/1jn/01/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +From here into the next chapter, John writes about fellowship—close relationships with God and other believers. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **we have heard** - Here the word "we" refers to John and those who knew Jesus when he was on the earth. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **you** - The word "you" is plural and refers to the people John was writing to. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **God is light** - This means that God is perfectly pure and holy. It can be translated as "God is purely righteous like pure light." Cultures that associate goodness with light may be able to keep the idea of light without explaining the metaphor. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in him there is no darkness at all** - This means that God never sins and is not evil in any way. It can be translated as "in him there is no darkness of sin." Cultures that associate evil with darkness may be able to keep the idea of darkness without explaining the metaphor. -* **we…us** - In verses 6-7 the pronouns "we" and "us" refer to all believers, including the people John was writing to. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **walk in darkness** - This means "practice evil" or "always do evil." -* **walk in the light** - This means "practice goodness" or "always do what is good." -* **the blood of Jesus** - This refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the words "we" and "us" refer to all believers, including the people to whom John was writing. Unless otherwise stated, that is the meaning for the remainder of this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# God is light + +This means that God is perfectly pure and holy. Cultures that associate goodness with light may be able to keep the idea of light without explaining the metaphor. AT: "God is purely righteous like pure light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in him there is no darkness at all + +This means that God never sins and is not evil in any way. Cultures that associate evil with darkness may be able to keep the idea of darkness without explaining the metaphor. AT: "in him there is no darkness of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walk in darkness + +This means "practice evil" or "do evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walk in the light + +This means "practice goodness" or "do what is good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blood of Jesus + +This refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/08.md b/1jn/01/08.md index 8d1d92f26e..c426f5de99 100644 --- a/1jn/01/08.md +++ b/1jn/01/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Here the words "he," "him," and "his" refer to God. (See: [1 John 1:5](./05.md)) -## translationNotes +# have no sin -* **If we** - In verses 8, 9, and 10 the phrase "if we" begins a hypothetical situation that could possibly happen. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **we…us** - In verses 8-10 the pronouns "we" and "us" refer to all believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **have no sin** - "never sin" or "have never sinned" (UDB) -* **deceive** - "trick" or "fool" -* **the truth is not in us** - "we do not believe what he said is true" -* **he…him…his** - These words refer to God. -* **faithful and righteous** - "loyal and good" -* **to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing. John uses them to emphasize that God will surely forgive our sins. AT: "and will completely forgive us of what we have done wrong." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **we make him a liar** - "it is the same as calling him a liar, because he said we have all sinned." The phrase "because he said we have all sinned" is implicit. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **his word is not in us** - This can be translated "we do not understand or obey what he says." +"never sin" + +# are deceiving + +"are tricking" or "lying to" + +# the truth is not in us + +The truth is spoken of as if it were an object that could be inside believers. AT: "we do not believe what God says is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. John uses them to emphasize that God will surely forgive our sins. AT: "and will completely forgive us of what we have done wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# we make him out to be a liar + +It is implied that a person who claims to be without sin would be calling God a liar since he said that everyone is a sinner. AT: "it is the same as calling him a liar, because he said we have all sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his word is not in us + +Obeying and honoring God's word is spoken of as if his word were inside the believers. AT: "we do not understand God's word nor obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/intro.md b/1jn/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a258143e2d --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 1 John 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This letter does not begin in the way letters in the ancient Near East traditionally began. Instead, it begins in a similar way to the Gospel of John. Both do not really have an introduction of any kind. John appears to almost begin in the middle of an idea. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Christians and sin ##### +This chapter teaches that all Christians remain sinners after they come to faith in Jesus. Despite this, God still forgives a Christian's sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter, all of which are commonly used in Scripture. Light is always used in a positive way to describe righteousness. Darkness is always used in a negative way to describe unrighteousness. The Christian life is also described as a walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 John 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 John intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/01.md b/1jn/02/01.md index 3d34de474a..125d75d73d 100644 --- a/1jn/02/01.md +++ b/1jn/02/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:propitiation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +John continues to write about fellowship and shows that it is possible because Jesus goes between believers and the Father. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **My dear children** - John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. It can be translated as "My dear children in Christ" or "You who are as dear to me as my own children." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **these things I write** - "I am writing this letter" -* **But if anyone sins** - This is something that is likely to happen. "But when anyone sins" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **we…us** - In verses 1-3 these words refer to John and the people he was writing to. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **an advocate with the Father** - "someone who speaks to God the Father and asks him to forgive us" -* **Jesus Christ the righteous one** - "and that person is Jesus Christ, the only one who is perfect" -* **He is the propitiation for our sin** - "Jesus Christ voluntarily sacrificed his own life for us, so that as a result God forgives our sins" (UDB) -* **By this we know that we know him, if we keep his commandments** - The phrase "we know him" means "we have a relationship with him." This can be translated as "If we do what he tells us to do, then we can be certain that we have a good relationship with him." -* **him…his** - These words could refer to God or to Jesus. +Here the words "we" and "us" refer to John and all believers. The words "him" and "his" could refer to God the Father or to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Children + +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. AT: "My dear children in Christ" or "You who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am writing these things + +"I am writing this letter" + +# But if anyone sins + +"But when anyone sins." This is something that is likely to happen. + +# we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ, the one who is righteous + +The word "advocate" here refers to Jesus. AT: "we have Jesus Christ, the one who is righteous, who speaks to the Father and asks him to forgive us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He is the propitiation for our sins + +"God is no longer angry with us, because Jesus sacrificed his own life for our sins" or "Jesus is the one who sacrificed his life for our sins, so God is no longer angry with us for our sins" + +# We know that we have come to know him + +"We know that we know him" or "We know that we have a good relationship with him" + +# if we keep his commandments + +"if we obey what he commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/04.md b/1jn/02/04.md index 9b04dd4c79..1a60189377 100644 --- a/1jn/02/04.md +++ b/1jn/02/04.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who says -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Anyone who says" or "The person who says" -## translationNotes +# I know God -* **He who says** - "Anyone who says" or "The person who says" -* **I know God** - This could be translated as "I have a good relationship with God." -* **does not keep** - "does not do" or "disobeys" -* **his commandments** - "what God tells him to do" -* **the truth is not in him** - "he does not believe what God says is true" -* **keeps** - "does" or "obeys" -* **his word** - "what God tells him to do" -* **the love of God** - Possible meanings are 1) “our love for God” or 2) “God's love for us.” -* **truly in that person the love of God has been perfected** - This can be translated as an active sentence: "But those who obey what God commands them to do are the people who love God in every way" (UDB) or "God's love for people has achieved its goal when they do what he tells them to do." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **By this we know that we are in him.** - The phrase "we are in him” means that the believer is always united with God or has continual fellowship with God. Often in 1 John the phrase "remain in him" is used to mean the same thing. This can be translated as "When we obey what God says, we can be certain that we have fellowship with him." -* **he remains in** - "he has a relationship with" -* **ought himself also to walk even as Jesus Christ walked** - "must live has Jesus Christ lived" or "should also obey God just as Jesus Christ did" +"I have a good relationship with God" + +# does not keep + +"does not obey" or "disobeys" + +# his commandments + +"what God tells him to do" + +# the truth is not in him + +The truth is spoken of as if it were an object that could be inside the believers. AT: "he does not believe what God says is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keeps his word + +"obeys what God tells him to do"" + +# it is in that person that the love of God has been perfected + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "the love of God" refers to a person loving God, and "perfected" represents completely or fully. AT: "it is that person who loves God completely" or 2) "the love of God" refers to God loving people, and "perfected" represents completing its purpose. AT: "God's love has achieved its purpose in that person's life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# By this we know that we are in him + +The phrase "we are in him" means that the believer has fellowship with God. AT: "When we obey what God says, we can be certain that we have fellowship with him" or "By this we know that are joined to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# remains in God + +To remain in God means to continue to have fellowship with God. AT: "continues to have fellowship with God" or "stays joined to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# should himself also walk just as Jesus Christ walked + +Conducting one's life is spoken of as if it were walking. AT: "must live as Jesus Christ lived" or "should also obey God just as Jesus Christ did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/07.md b/1jn/02/07.md index e4035d9a3b..187e23b4b9 100644 --- a/1jn/02/07.md +++ b/1jn/02/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +John gives believers basic principles of fellowship—obedience and love. -## translationNotes +# Beloved -* **Beloved** - This can be translated as "Friends" or "Dear believers in Christ" -* **I do not write a new commandment to you, but an old commandment** - John was referring to Jesus' command to love one another. This could be translated as "I am writing to you to love one other. That is not a new thing to do but an old commandment that you were told." -* **from the beginning** - "from when you first believed in Christ" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Yet I am writing a new commandment to you** - This can be translated as "But in one way the commandment I write to you is new." -* **which is true in Christ and in you** - This can be translated as "It is new because what Christ did was new, and what you are doing is new." -* **the darkness is passing away and the true light is already shining** - Here "darkness" refers to evil and "light" refers to goodness. This can be translated as "because you are ceasing to do evil and you are doing more and more good." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends" + +# I am not writing a new commandment to you, but an old commandment + +"I write to you to love one other, which is not a new thing to do but an old commandment that you had heard." John refers to Jesus' command to love one another. + +# from the beginning + +Here, "beginning" refers to when they decided to follow Christ. AT: "from when you first believed in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yet I am writing a new commandment to you + +"But in one way the commandment I write to you is a new commandment" + +# which is true in Christ and in you + +"which is true, as shown in Christ's deeds and your deeds" + +# the darkness is passing away, and the true light is already shining + +Here "darkness" refers to evil and "light" refers to goodness. AT: "because you are ceasing to do evil and you are doing more and more good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/09.md b/1jn/02/09.md index 45981b859d..a04a45abce 100644 --- a/1jn/02/09.md +++ b/1jn/02/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Here the word "brother" refers to a fellow Christian. -## translationNotes +# The one who says -* **He who says** - "Anyone who says" or "Those who claim" (UDB). This does not refer to a specific person. -* **he is in the light** - This is a way of speaking about living right. When people do what is right, they can do it in the light, and not hide in the dark. This can be translated "he does what is is right" or "he is in the light doing what is right." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **is in the darkness** - This is a way of speaking about living sinfully. When people do what is wrong, they like to hide in the dark. This can be translated as "is in the darkness, doing what is evil." -* **there is no occasion for stumbling in him** - "nothing will cause him to stumble." The word "stumbling" is a metaphor that means to fail spiritually or morally. This could be translated as "nothing will cause him to sin" or "he will never fail to do what is pleasing to God." -* **is in the darkness and walks in the darkness** - This same idea is said twice to bring attention to how evil it is to hate a fellow believer. AT: "is living in darkness" or "is living in the darkness of sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **he does not know where he is going** - This is a metaphor that can be translated as "he does not even know he is doing what is evil." -* **the darkness has blinded his eyes** - "the darkness has made him unable to see." This could be translated as "sin has made it impossible for him to understand the truth." +"Anyone who says" or "Someone who claims." This does not refer to a specific person. + +# he is in the light + +This is a picture of living right. When people do what is right, they can do it in the light and not hide in the dark. AT: "he does what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# is in the darkness + +This is a picture of living sinfully. When people do what is wrong, they like to hide in the dark. AT: "is in the darkness, doing what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no occasion for stumbling in him + +"nothing will cause him to stumble." The word "stumbling" is a metaphor that means to fail spiritually or morally. AT: "nothing will cause him to sin" or "he will not fail to do what is pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# is in the darkness and walks in the darkness + +This same idea is said twice to bring attention to how evil it is to hate a fellow believer. AT: "is living in darkness" or "is living in the darkness of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he does not know where he is going + +This is a picture of the believer who is not living as a Christian should be living. AT: "he does not know what he should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the darkness has blinded his eyes + +"the darkness has made him unable to see." Darkness is a metaphor for sin or evil. AT: "sin has made it impossible for him to understand the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/12.md b/1jn/02/12.md index 99ce6544df..a94f6985d1 100644 --- a/1jn/02/12.md +++ b/1jn/02/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +John explains why he is writing his letter either to different age groups or to believers with differences in maturity. Try to use similar wording for these sentences, as they are written poetically. -## translationNotes +# you, dear children -* **dear children** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1jn:02:01]]. -* **your sins are forgiven you** - This can be translated with an active clause: "God has forgiven your sins" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for Christ's name’s sake** - "Christ's name" is a metonym which refers to Christ and all he has done." This could be translated as "because of what Christ has done for you" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I write to you, fathers** - The word "fathers" here is a metaphor and refers to mature believers. This could be translated as "I write to you, mature believers." -* **you know** - "you have a relationship with" -* **him who is from the beginning** - "him who has always lived" or "him who has always existed." It refers either to "Jesus" or to "God the Father." -* **young men** - This metaphor refers to those who are no longer new believers and are growing in spiritual maturity. This could be translated as "young believers." -* **the word of God remains in you** - This could be translated as "you know the word of God." -* **overcome** - "conquered" or "victory over" or "defeated" (UDB) +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](./01.md). AT: "you, my dear children in Christ" or "you who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your sins are forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God forgives your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because of his name + +"his name" refers to Christ and who he is. AT: "because of what Christ has done for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am writing to you, fathers + +The word "fathers" here is possibly a metaphor referring to mature believers. AT: "I am writing to you, mature believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you know + +"you have a relationship with" + +# the one who is from the beginning + +"the one who has always lived" or "the one who has always existed." It refers either to "Jesus" or to "God the Father." + +# young men + +This possibly refers to those who are no longer new believers but are growing in spiritual maturity. AT: "young believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are strong + +Here "strong" refers not to believers' physical strength, but to their faithfulness to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word of God remains in you + +The writer refers to the believers' increased faithfulness to Christ and knowledge of him as if he were speaking of God's word existing in them. AT: "you know the word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# overcome + +The writer is speaking of the believers' refusal to follow Satan and of their frustrating his plans as if it were a matter of conquering him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/15.md b/1jn/02/15.md index ae5406dbb8..1a86c1323a 100644 --- a/1jn/02/15.md +++ b/1jn/02/15.md @@ -1,24 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not love the world nor -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +In 2:15-17 the word "world" refers to all the things people want to do that do not honor God. AT: "Do not behave like the people in the world who do not honor God, and do not love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the things that are in the world -* **Do not love the world** - In 2:15-17 the word "world" refers to all the the things people do and the the things they want that do not honor God. This could be translated as "Do not behave like the people in the world who do not honor God" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **nor the things that are in the world** - "and do not want the same things those who dishonor God want" -* **the love of the Father is not in him** - This means "he does not love the Father." -* **If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him** - This can be translated as "A person cannot love this world and all that dishonors God and love the Father at the same time." -* **the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the vain glory of life** - This is a list of some of the things in the world. It explains what is meant by "everything that is in the world." -* **the lust of the flesh** - "the strong desire to have physical pleasure" -* **the lust of the eyes** - "the strong desire to have things that we see" -* **the arrogance of life** - "the bragging about what a person has" or "the pride people feel because of their things" -* **life** - This refers here to the things that people have in order to live such as possessions and wealth. -* **is not of the Father** - This can be translated as "does not come from the Father" or "is not how the Father teaches us to live." -* **is passing away** - "will one day not be here" +"the things that those who dishonor God want" + +# If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him + +A person cannot love this world and all that dishonors God and love the Father at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the love of the Father is not in him + +"he does not love the Father" + +# the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the arrogance of life + +This is a list of some of the things in the world. It explains what is meant by "everything that is in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the lust of the flesh + +"the strong desire to have sinful physical pleasure" + +# the lust of the eyes + +"the strong desire to have things that we see" + +# the arrogance of life + +"pride of life." This could imply both possessions and attitudes. AT: "the bragging about what a person has or does" or "the pride people feel because of their things and what he does" + +# is not from the Father + +"does not come from the Father" or "is not how the Father teaches us to live" + +# are passing away + +"pass away" or "will one day not be here" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/18.md b/1jn/02/18.md index 396531cb42..6db4a459b5 100644 --- a/1jn/02/18.md +++ b/1jn/02/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:antichrist]] -* [[en:tw:children]] +John warns about those who are against Christ. -## translationNotes +# Little children -* **Little children** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1jn:02:01]]. -* **it is the last hour** - The phrase "the last hour" refers to the time just before Jesus returns to the earth and judges all people. This can be translated as "Jesus will return soon." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **by which we know** - This can be translated as "and because of this we know" or "and because many antichrists have come, we know." -* **many antichrists have come** - "there are many people who are against Christ." -* **They went out from us** - "They left us" -* **but they were not of us** - "But they did not really belong to us anyway" or "they were not really part of our group in the first place." The reason they were not really part of the group is that they were not believers in Jesus. -* **For if they had been of us, they would have continued with us** - This could be translated as "Because, if they were really believers they would not have left us." -* **they went out in order that they might be shown that they are not of us** - This can be stated with an active clause: "they left us so that God could show us they were never really believers." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Immature Christians." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](./01.md). + +# it is the last hour + +The phrase "the last hour" refers to the time just before Jesus returns. AT: "Jesus will return soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# many antichrists have come + +"there are many people who are against Christ" + +# have come. By this we know + +"have come, and because of this we know" or "have come, and because many antichrists have come, we know" + +# They went out from us + +"They left us" + +# but they were not from us + +"but they did not really belong to us anyway" or "but they were not really part of our group in the first place." The reason they were not really part of the group is that they were not believers in Jesus. + +# For if they had been from us they would have remained with us + +"We know this because they would not have left us if they really had been believers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/20.md b/1jn/02/20.md index d7a08db7d6..569d6b6b85 100644 --- a/1jn/02/20.md +++ b/1jn/02/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +In the Old Testament the word "anointing" referred to pouring oil on a person to set him apart to serve God. -## translationNotes +# But you have an anointing from the Holy One -* **But you have an anointing from the Holy One** - "But the Holy One has anointed you." In the Old Testament "anointing" refers to pouring oil on a person to set him apart to serve God. Here "anointing" refers to Jesus giving the Holy Spirit to believers to set them apart to serve God. This could be translated as "But Jesus Christ, the Holy One, has given you his Spirit." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **no lie is of the truth** - "no lie comes from the truth." The phrase "the truth" may refer to God, the one who is full of truth. This could also be translated as "No lie comes from the true one." +John speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were "an anointing" that the people have received from Jesus. The abstract noun "anointing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "But the Holy One has anointed you" or "But Jesus Christ, the Holy One, has given you his Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the Holy One + +This refers to Jesus. AT: "Jesus, the Holy One" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the truth ... no lie is from the truth + +The abstract noun "truth" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "what is true ... no lie comes from what is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/22.md b/1jn/02/22.md index 469650316b..abeb6ecc25 100644 --- a/1jn/02/22.md +++ b/1jn/02/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Who is the liar but the one who denies that Jesus is the Christ? -* [[en:tw:antichrist]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +"Who is the liar? Anyone who denies that Jesus is the Christ." John used a question to emphasize who liars are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# denies that Jesus is the Christ -* **Who is the liar but he who denies that Jesus is the Christ?** - John used a rhetorical question to emphasize who the liars are. It could be translated as a question with an answer: "Who is the liar? It is anyone who denies that Jesus is the Christ." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **denies that Jesus is the Christ** - "refuses to say that Jesus is the Christ" or "says that Jesus is not the Christ" -* **denies the Father and the Son** - This can be translated as "refuses to say the truth about the Father and the Son" or "rejects the Father and the Son." -* **does not have the Father** - "does not belong to the Father" -* **confesses the Son** - "speaks the truth about the Son" -* **has the Father** - "belongs to the Father" +"refuses to say that Jesus is the Christ" or "says that Jesus is not the Messiah" + +# denies the Father and the Son + +"refuses to say the truth about the Father and the Son" or "rejects the Father and the Son." + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# has the Father + +"belongs to the Father" + +# acknowledges the Son + +"speaks the truth about the Son" + +# has the Father + +"belongs to the Father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/24.md b/1jn/02/24.md index c328bb4e67..22ff967b3f 100644 --- a/1jn/02/24.md +++ b/1jn/02/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] +John reminds believers to continue in what they have first heard. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **As for you** - In 2:24-26 the word "you" is plural and refers to the people John is writing to. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **let that which you have heard from the beginning remain in you** - "remember and believe what you have heard from the beginning." How they heard it, what they heard, and what "the beginning" means can be made explicit: “continue to trust what we have taught you about Jesus just as you have trusted since you first became believers.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **that which you have heard from the beginning** - This can be translated as "what we taught you about Jesus when you first became believers." -* **If that which you heard from the beginning remains in you** - "If you continue to trust what we taught you" -* **also remain in the Son and in the Father** - See how this was translated in [[:en:bible:notes:1jn:02:04]] -* **And this is the promise which he promised us; eternal life** - "And this is what he promised to give us; eternal life" or "And he has promised to cause us to live forever." -* **he promised us** - Here the word "he" is emphatic and refers to Christ. The word "us" refers to John and all believers, including those he was writing to. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **would lead you astray** - "would try to make you believe a lie" or "want to draw you away from God and His truth" +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people to whom John wrote as well as all believers. The word "he" is emphatic and refers to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# As for you + +This marks John's telling them how they should live as followers of Jesus instead of how those against Christ live. + +# let what you have heard from the beginning remain in you + +"remember and believe what you have heard from the beginning." How they heard it, what they heard, and what "the beginning" means can be made explicit: AT: "continue to trust what we have taught you about Jesus just as you have trusted since you first became believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# what you have heard from the beginning + +"what we taught you about Jesus when you first became believers" + +# If what you heard from the beginning remains in you + +The word "remains" is talking about relationship, not salvation. AT: "If you continue to trust what we first taught you" + +# also remain in the Son and in the Father + +"also have a relationship with the Son and with the Father." See how this was translated in [1 John 2:5-6](./04.md). + +# This is the promise he gave to us—eternal life. + +"This is what he promised to give us—eternal life" or "He has promised to cause us to live forever" + +# life + +The word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# would lead you astray + +"want to lead you astray." Leading people astray represents deceiving them. AT: "want to deceive you" or "want to make you believe lies about Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/27.md b/1jn/02/27.md index d6e86a9e7a..60b97e4b38 100644 --- a/1jn/02/27.md +++ b/1jn/02/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:bold]] -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Starting in verse 29, John introduces the idea of being born into God's family. The previous verses show that believers continue to sin; this part shows that believers also have the new nature, which cannot sin. It continues to show how believers can recognize each other. -## translationNotes +# As for you -* **And as for you** - In 2:27-29 the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers John is writing to. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **the anointing** - This refers to "God's Spirit." See the note about "anointing" in [[:en:bible:notes:1jn:02:20]]. -* **as his anointing teaches you** - "because his anointing teaches you" -* **all things** - Here this phrase is a hyperbole. It could be translated as "everything that you need to know" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **remain in him** - See this phrase was translated in [[en:bible:notes:1jn:02:04]]. How a person remains in Jesus can be made explicit: "remain in him by believing and obeying him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a new part of the letter. -* **dear children** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1jn:02:01]]. -* **he appears** - "we see him" -* **boldness** - "confidence" -* **before him at his coming** - The phrase "his coming" refers to when Jesus comes again as the king and judge of the world. This could be translated as "when he returns to judge all people." -* **is born of him** - "is born of God" or "is God's child" +This marks John's telling them something else about how they should live as followers of Jesus instead of following those who are against Christ. + +# the anointing + +This refers to "God's Spirit." See the note about "anointing" in [1 John 2:20](./20.md). + +# as his anointing teaches you everything + +Here the word "everything" is a generalization. AT: "because his anointing teaches you everything that you need to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# remain in him + +To remain in someone means to continue to have fellowship with him. See how you translated "remains in God" in [1 John 2:5-6](./04.md). AT: "continue to have fellowship with him" or "stay joined with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a new part of the letter. + +# dear children + +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](./01.md). AT: "my dear children in Christ" or "you who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he appears + +"we see him" + +# boldness + +"confidence" + +# not be ashamed before him + +"not be ashamed in his presence" + +# at his coming + +"when he comes again" + +# has been born from him + +"has been born of God" or "is God's child" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/intro.md b/1jn/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6153b2e7f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 1 John 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### New and old commandments ##### + +The old commandments are contained in the law of Moses. The new commandments are those given to the church after the death and resurrection of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) + +##### Antichrist ##### + +This chapter refers to both a specific Antichrist and many different antichrists. The word "antichrist" means "opposed to Christ." The Antichrist is a person who will come in the last days and imitate the ministry of Jesus for evil. Before this person comes, there will be many different people who work against the cause of Christ and are referred to as "antichrists" because they are working against Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metonymy ##### + +There are many different metonymies used in this chapter. They are used to teach and to give instructions that are generic and can be applied in many different circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "By this we know that we know him: if we keep his commandments." ##### + +This appears to contradict John's earlier statement that Christian do not always keep God's commandments. John has just stated that all Christians sin. John explains that the desire to serve God is born from the indwelling of the Holy Spirit and the new life or nature given to Christians. The word "know" can be understood in many different ways and this range of meaning can cause confusion here. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 John 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/01.md b/1jn/03/01.md index 8eb537f6c4..ad7d0297b3 100644 --- a/1jn/03/01.md +++ b/1jn/03/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +In this part John tells the believers about their new nature, which cannot sin. -## translationNotes +# See what kind of love the Father has given to us -* **See what kind of love the Father has bestowed on us** - "Think about how much our Father loves us" (UDB) -* ** bestowed upon us** - "given to us" or "shown us" -* **us…we** - In 3:1-3 these pronouns refer to John, his audience, and all believers.(See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **we should be called children of God** - This can be translated with an active verb: "the Father should call us his children." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the world does not know us, because it did not know him** - Here "the world" refers to people who do not honor God. What the world did not know can be made explicit: "Those who do not honor God do not know that we belong to God, because they did not know God (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **it has not yet been revealed** - This can be translated with an active verb: "God has not revealed" -* **And every one that has this confidence fixed on him purifies himself just as he is pure.** - This can be translated "Everyone who confidently expects to see Christ as he really is will keep himself pure because Christ is pure." +"Think about how our Father loves us so much" + +# we should be called children of God + +"the Father called us his children" + +# children of God + +Here this means people who belong to God through faith in Jesus. + +# For this reason, the world does not know us, because it did not know him + +Possible meanings are 1) "Because we are the children of God and because the world did not know God, it does not know us" or 2) "Because the world did not know God, it does not know us." + +# the world does not know us, because it did not know him + +Here "the world" refers to people who do not honor God. What the world did not know can be made explicit: AT: "those who do not honor God do not know that we belong to God, because they did not know God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Beloved + +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md). + +# it has not yet been revealed + +This can be stated in active form: AT: "God has not yet revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# revealed + +This can mean here either "told," "demonstrated," or "shown." + +# Everyone who has this confidence about the future fixed on him purifies himself just as he is pure + +"Everyone who confidently expects to see Christ as he really is will keep himself pure because Christ is pure" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/04.md b/1jn/03/04.md index 6c5626fa30..38dd282466 100644 --- a/1jn/03/04.md +++ b/1jn/03/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Christ was revealed -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Christ appeared" or "the Father revealed Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# remains in him -* **commits sin** - "continues to sin" (UDB) -* **does lawlessness** - "is refusing to obey God's law" (UDB) -* **You** - Here "you" is plural and refers to the people John is writing to. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Christ was revealed** - This can be translated with an active verb: "Christ appeared" or "the Father revealed Christ." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **remains in him** - See how this was translated in [[:en:bible:notes:1jn:02:04]] -* **has neither seen him or known him** - John uses the words "seen" and "known" to emphasize that the person who keeps on sinning has never met Christ in a spiritual sense. AT: "has never truly believed in him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"has a relationship with God." See how this was translated in [1 John 2:5-6](../02/04.md). + +# No one ... has seen him or known him + +John uses the words "seen" and "known" to say that the person who sins has never met Christ in a spiritual sense. A person behaving according to his sinful nature cannot know Christ. AT: "No one ... has ever truly believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/07.md b/1jn/03/07.md index 15314d98d0..6d0654841a 100644 --- a/1jn/03/07.md +++ b/1jn/03/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Dear children -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "My dear children in Christ" or "You who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# do not let anyone lead you astray -* **Dear children** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1jn:02:01]]. -* **let no one lead you astray** - This can be translated "do not let anyone fool you" or "do not let anyone deceive you" (UDB) -* **He who does righteousness is righteous, just as Christ is righteous** - This could be translated as "He who does what is right is pleasing to God just as Christ is pleasing to God." -* **does sin** - "continues to sin repeatedly" (UDB) -* **is of the devil** - "belongs to the devil" or "is like the devil" (UDB) -* **from the beginning** - This refers to the very earliest times of creations before humans first sinned. This could be translated as "since the earliest times of creation." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the Son of God was revealed** - This can be translated with an active clause: "God revealed his son" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Being persuaded to disobey Christ is spoken of as if one were led off the right path to follow. AT: "do not let anyone fool you" or "do not let anyone deceive you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The one who does righteousness is righteous, just as Christ is righteous + +"He who does what is right is pleasing to God just as Christ is pleasing to God." + +# is from the devil + +"belongs to the devil" or "is like the devil" + +# from the beginning + +This refers to the very earliest time of creation before humans first sinned. AT: "since the earliest time of creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Son of God was revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God revealed his Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/09.md b/1jn/03/09.md index e8f37aacd2..d6785738b3 100644 --- a/1jn/03/09.md +++ b/1jn/03/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +For now John ends this section on the new birth and the new nature which cannot sin. -## translationNotes +# Whoever has been born from God -* **Whoever has been born of God** - This can be translated with an active clause: "Whoever God has made his child." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **does not sin** - "cannot continually sin" (UDB) -* **God's seed** - This compares a physical seed that is planted in the earth and grows to the Holy Spirit that God puts in believers which gives them power to resist sin and do what pleases God. This could be translated as "the Holy Spirit." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he has been born of God** - This can be translated as an active clause: "God has given him new spiritual life" or "he is a child of God." -* **In this the children of God and children of the devil are revealed.** - This can be translated with an active sentence: "This is how we know the children of God and the children of the devil." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Whoever God has made his child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God's seed + +This speaks of the Holy Spirit, whom God gives to believers and who makes them able to resist sin and do what pleases God as if he were a physical seed that is planted in the earth and grows. This is sometimes referred to as the new nature. AT: "the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has been born of God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has given him new spiritual life" or "he is a child of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# In this the children of God and children of the devil are revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is how we know the children of God and the children of the devil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whoever does not do what is righteous is not from God, neither is the one who does not love his brother + +The words "from God" are understood in the second part of the sentence. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "whoever does not do what is righteous is not from God; whoever does not love his brother is also not from God" or "those who do what is righteous are from God, and those who love their brothers are from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his brother + +Here "brother" means fellow Christians. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/11.md b/1jn/03/11.md index ff02d13c24..3f6a2e9003 100644 --- a/1jn/03/11.md +++ b/1jn/03/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here John teaches believers how they can recognize each other by the way they live; he teaches his readers to love each other. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **we should love** - Here, the word "we" refers to all believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **And why did he kill him? Because** - John uses a question to teach his audience. This could be translated as a statement: "He killed him because" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **his works were evil, and his younger brother’s righteous** - This could be translated "because he was always doing evil things and his younger brother was doing good things." +Cain and Abel were the first sons of Adam and Eve, the first man and woman. + +# We should not be like Cain + +"We should not do as Cain did" + +# brother + +This refers to Cain's younger brother Abel. + +# Why did he kill him? Because + +John uses a question to teach his audience. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "He killed him because" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his works were evil and his brother's righteous + +The words "works were" are also understood in the second phrase. AT: "Cain's works were evil and his brother's works were righteous" or "Cain did evil things and his brother did what was right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/13.md b/1jn/03/13.md index f1540d272c..e8fad22ab5 100644 --- a/1jn/03/13.md +++ b/1jn/03/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"fellow believers" -## translationNotes +# if the world hates you -* **Marvel not** - "Do not be surprised." -* **brothers** - "fellow believers" -* **if the world hates you** - Here the word "world" refers to the people who do not honor God. This can be translated as "if those who do not honor God hate you who do honor God (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **we have passed out of death into life** - "we are no longer spiritually dead but are spiritually alive" -* **remains in death** - "is still spiritually dead" -* **Whoever hates his brother is a murderer** - This compares a person who hates another believer with a murderer. Since hatred is the cause of murder, God considers anyone who hates to be as guilty as someone who kills a person. This can be translated as "Whoever hates another believer is as guilty as someone who kills a person." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **has eternal life living in him** - "Eternal life" is something God gives believers after we die, but it is also a power God gives believers in this life to help them to stop sinning and to do what please him. This could also be translated as "has the power of spiritual life working inside of him." +Here the word "world" refers to the people who do not honor God. AT: "if those who do not honor God hate you who do honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# we have passed out of death into life + +The conditions of living and of being dead are spoken of as if they were physical locations from which a person could leave and go to. The abstract nouns "life" and "death" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "we are no longer spiritually dead but are spiritually alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# life + +The word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# remains in death + +"is still spiritually dead" + +# Anyone who hates his brother is a murderer + +John speaks of a person who hates another believer as if he were a murderer. Since people commit murder because they hate other people, God considers anyone who hates to be as guilty as someone who kills a person. AT: "Whoever hates another believer is as guilty as someone who kills a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no murderer has eternal life residing in him + +"Eternal life" is something God gives believers after they die, but it is also the power God gives believers in this life to help them to stop sinning and to do what please him. Here eternal life is spoken of as if it were a person that could live in someone. AT: "a murderer does not have the power of spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/16.md b/1jn/03/16.md index 0a51d03518..19c01adc08 100644 --- a/1jn/03/16.md +++ b/1jn/03/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Christ laid down his life for us -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This expression means "Christ willingly gave his life for us" or "Christ willingly died for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the world's goods -* **Christ laid down his life for us** - This expression means "Christ willingly gave his life for us" or "Christ willingly died for us." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the world’s goods** - This could be translated as "material possessions like money, food, or clothing." -* **sees his brother in need** - "and realizes a fellow believer needs help" -* **and shuts up his heart of compassion from him** - This expression means "but does not show him compassion" or "but does not willingly help him." -* **how does the love of God remain in him?** - John uses a question to teach his audience. This could be translated as a statement: "God's love is not in him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **My dear children** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1jn:02:01]]. -* **let us not love in word nor in tongue** - The phrases "in word" and "in tongue" both refer to what a person says. AT: "do not just say that you love people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but in deed and truth** - This could be translated as "but show that you truly love people by helping them." +material possessions like money, food, or clothing + +# sees his brother in need + +"realizes a fellow believer needs help" + +# and shuts up his heart of compassion from him + +The phrase "shuts up his heart of compassion" is a metaphor. AT: "and does not show him compassion" or "and does not willingly help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how does the love of God remain in him? + +John uses a question to teach his audience. AT: "God's love is not in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# My dear children + +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "My dear children in Christ" or "You who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let us not love in word nor in tongue, but in actions and truth + +The phrases "in word" and "in tongue" both refer to what a person says. The word "love" is understood in the second part of the sentence. AT: "do not just say that you love people, but show that you truly love people by helping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/19.md b/1jn/03/19.md index aed0d935c3..60626c325b 100644 --- a/1jn/03/19.md +++ b/1jn/03/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Here John probably means that believers' ability to love God and each other sincerely (See: [1 John 3:18](./16.md)) is a sign that their new life has indeed originated from the truth about Christ. -## translationNotes +# we are from the truth -* **we are of the truth** - This could be translated as "we are living according the the way Jesus taught us." -* **assure our heart** - In 3:19-22 the word "heart" refers to a person's conscience or the part of a person's thinking through which God makes him aware that he is doing something sinful. This can be translated as "we will not feel guilty in the presence of God." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **God is greater than our heart** - This could be translated as "we know God is a better judge than our heart." -* **and do the things that are pleasing in his sight.** - This can be translated "we do what pleases him" +"we belong to the truth" or AT: "we are living according the way Jesus taught us" + +# we assure our hearts + +The word "heart" here refers to feelings. AT: "we do not feel guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if our hearts condemn us + +This is a metaphor. AT: "if we know that we have sinned and as a result feel guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God is greater than our hearts + +God knows more than a person and judges better. The effect of this truth is probably that God is more merciful than our consciences would suppose. This quality of God is expressed by the term "greater." AT: "God knows more than we do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Beloved + +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md). + +# do the things that are pleasing before him + +God's opinion is spoken of as if it depends on what he sees happen in front of himself. AT: "we do what pleases him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/23.md b/1jn/03/23.md index 23ba48a1ff..57f492afd4 100644 --- a/1jn/03/23.md +++ b/1jn/03/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This is his commandment: that we should believe ... just as he gave us this commandment -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +The abstract noun "commandment" can be stated as "command." AT: "This is what God commands us to do: Believe ... just as he commanded us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Son -* **this is his commandment** - This could be translated "this is what God wants us to do." -* **remains in him, and God in him** - See how this was translated in [[:en:bible:notes:1jn:02:04]]. -* **for love is of God** - “ This can be translated “because God causes us to love each other” -* ** born of God ** - This is a metaphor which means has a relationship to God like a child to his father (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* ** and everyone who loves is born of God and knows God.** - This can be translated “because those who love their fellow believers have become God's children and know him.” (UDB) -* **He who loves not knows not God, for God is love** - This can be translated “God's nature is to love all people. Those who do not love their fellow believers do not know God because the character of God is to love people.” +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# remains in him, and God remains in him + +The close union of believers is expressed by the terms "remains in him." See how "remains in God" was translated in [1 John 2:5-6](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/intro.md b/1jn/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b705c423bd --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# 1 John 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Children of God ##### +The author, John, was a Jew, but he did not become a child of God until after he came to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Cain ##### +Cain was a son of the first man, Adam, and the first woman, Eve. He murdered his brother out of jealousy or envy. This reference is difficult to understand if Genesis has not yet been translated. Additional explanation may be necessary. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "To know" ##### +The verb "to know" is used in a way that means "to understand." It is a type of knowledge based on one's experiences. Care should be taken when translating this word because it is not the primary definition of the term. + +##### Keeps sinning and doing righteousness ##### +There are many instructions in this chapter that will change their meaning if they are translated as happening continually or in another way. This passage is especially difficult in light of the fact that the first chapter teaches that Christians inevitably sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]). + +##### "He who keeps God's commandments remains in him, and God remains in him" ##### +Many scholars believe this is about remaining in the will of God and is not a reference to a person's eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 John 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/01.md b/1jn/04/01.md index e06107575f..715a01019c 100644 --- a/1jn/04/01.md +++ b/1jn/04/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:antichrist]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +John gives a warning against false teachers who teach against Christ's having had a human body and teachers who talk the way those who love the world talk. -## translationNotes +# Beloved -* **do not believe every spirit** - In 4:1-3 the word "spirit" refers to a spiritual power or being that gives a person a message or prophecy. This could be translated as "do not trust every prophet who claims to have a message from a spirit." -* **but test the spirits** - This could be translated "but be sure to listen carefully to what the prophet says." -* **has come in the flesh** - "has taken on human form" or "has come in a physical body" -* **This is the spirit of the antichrist** - This could be translated “They are teachers who oppose Christ ” (UDB) -* **which you have heard is coming** - This could be translated “You have heard that people like that are coming among us.” -* **and now is already in the world.** - This could be translated “Even now they are already here!” (UDB) +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md). + +# do not believe every spirit + +Here, the word "spirit" refers to a spiritual power or being that gives a person a message or prophecy. AT: "do not trust every prophet who claims to have a message from a spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# test the spirits + +Here, the word "spirits" refers to a spiritual power or being that gives a person a message or prophecy. AT: "think carefully about what the prophet says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has come in the flesh + +Here "flesh" represents the human body. AT: "has come as a human being" or "has come in a physical body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming, and now is already in the world + +"These are prophets opposed to Christ, whom you have heard are coming, and now are already in the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/04.md b/1jn/04/04.md index 3442de5b19..1a3b6141b8 100644 --- a/1jn/04/04.md +++ b/1jn/04/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# dear children -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "my dear children in Christ" or "you who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# have overcome them -* **You are of God** - "You belong to God." -* **dear children** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1jn:02:01]]. -* **have overcome those spirits** - This could be translated "You have not believed the false teachers." -* **he who is in you ** - "he" refers to God. -* **he who is in the world** - "he" refers to Satan. -* **the world** - The term the world refers to people who do not obey God. -* **Those spirits are of the world** - This could be translated “Those false teachers are people who do not obey God.” -* **therefore what they say is of the world** - This could be translated “therefore they teach ideas that are against God" -* **and the world listens to them** - This could be translated “so the people who do not obey God listens to them” +"have not believed the false teachers" + +# the one who is in you is + +"God, who is in you, is" + +# the one who is in the world + +Two possible meanings are 1) this refers to Satan. AT: "Satan, who is in the world" or "Satan, who works through those who do not obey God" or 2) this refers to worldly teachers. AT: "worldly teachers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They are from the world + +The words "are from" are a metaphor for "receive their power and authority." "The world" is a metonym ultimately for "the one who is in the world," Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# therefore what they say is from the world + +"The world" is a metonym ultimately for "the one who is in the world," Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority. AT: "therefore they teach what they have learned from sinful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and the world listens to them + +The words "the world" are a metonym for people who do not obey God. AT: "so the people who do not obey God listen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/07.md b/1jn/04/07.md index cad5ba4437..880fca903e 100644 --- a/1jn/04/07.md +++ b/1jn/04/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +John continues to teach about the new nature. He teaches his readers about God's love and loving one another. -## translationNotes +# Beloved -* **Beloved** - "Dear friends." (UDB) -* **let us love one another** - "Believers are to love other believers." -* **God is love** - This is a metaphor which means "The character of God is love." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for love is of God** - “ This can be translated “because God causes us to love each other” -* **born of God ** - This is a metaphor which means has a relationship to God like a child to his father. -* **and everyone who loves is born of God and knows God.** - This can be translated “because those who love their fellow believers have become God's children and know him.” (UDB) -* **He who loves not knows not God, for God is love** - This can be translated “God's nature is to love all people. Those who do not love their fellow believers do not know God because the character of God is to love people.” +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md). + +# let us love one another + +"believers are to love other believers" + +# and everyone who loves is born from God and knows God + +"and because those who love their fellow believers have become God's children and know him" + +# for love is from God + +"because God causes us to love each other" + +# born from God + +This is a metaphor which means someone has a relationship to God like a child to his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The person who does not love does not know God, for God is love + +The phrase "God is love" a metaphor which means "the character of God is love." AT: "Those who do not love their fellow believers do not know God because the character of God is to love people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/09.md b/1jn/04/09.md index cc1c9a5c92..6774677730 100644 --- a/1jn/04/09.md +++ b/1jn/04/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Because of this ... among us, that God has sent his only Son -* [[en:tw:propitiation]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +"Because of this ... among us: God has sent his only Son." The phrase "Because of this" refers to the phrase "that God has sent his only Son." -## translationNotes +# the love of God was revealed among us -* **In this the love of God was revealed among us** - This could be translated “God showed that he loved us,” -* **that we might live through him** - This could be translated "enable us to live eternally because of what Jesus did." -* **In this is love ** - This could be translated “God showed us what real love is” -* **not that we loved God** - This could be translated “it is not like the way we love God” -* **propitiation** - means an atoning sacrifice. -* **and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.** - This could be translated “and sent his Son to sacrifice himself so that God could forgive our sins.” +The noun "love" can be translated as a verb. This phrase can be made active. AT: "God showed that he loves us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that we would live because of him + +"to enable us to live eternally because of what Jesus did" + +# In this is love + +"God showed us what real love is" + +# he sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins + +Here "propitiation" refers to Jesus' death on the cross appeasing God's wrath against sin. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "he sent his Son to be the sacrifice that appeased his wrath against our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/11.md b/1jn/04/11.md index 46126b2b1d..06fa50b216 100644 --- a/1jn/04/11.md +++ b/1jn/04/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Beloved -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md). -## translationNotes +# if God so loved us -* **Beloved** - "Dear friends." (UDB) -* ** if God so loved us** - This can be translated “since God loves us so much” -* **love one another** - "Believers are to love other believers." -* **God remains in us...we remain in him and he in us** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:1jn:02:04]]. -* **his love is perfected in us** - This could be translated "God's love is made complete in us." -* **because he has given us of his Spirit** - This could be translated “because he has put his Holy Spirit in us” -* **And we have seen and have borne witness that the Father has sent the Son to be the Savior of the world.** - This can be translated “And we apostles have seen the Son of God and tell everyone that God, the Father has sent his Son to save people on this earth.” -* +"since God loved us in this way" + +# we also should love one another + +"believers are to love other believers" + +# God remains in us ... we remain in him and he in us + +To remain in someone means to continue to have fellowship with him. See how you translated "remains in God" in [1 John 2:5-6](../02/04.md). AT: "God continues to have fellowship with us ... we continue to have fellowship with God and he continues to have fellowship with us" or "God stays joined to us ... we stay joined to God and he stays joined to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and he in us + +The word "remains" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "and he remains in us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his love is perfected in us + +"God's love is complete in us" + +# By this we know ... us, because he has given + +Your translation may be clearer if you omit either "by this" or "because." AT: "We know ... us because he gave" or "By this we know ... us: he gave" + +# because he has given us some of his Spirit + +"because he gave us his Spirit" or "because he has put his Holy Spirit in us." This phrase, however, does not imply that God has less of his Spirit after he has given us some. + +# Also, we have seen and have borne witness that the Father has sent the Son to be the Savior of the world + +"And we apostles have seen the Son of God and tell everyone that God the Father has sent his Son to save people on this earth" + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/15.md b/1jn/04/15.md index 7280148e6d..c551892b4a 100644 --- a/1jn/04/15.md +++ b/1jn/04/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever acknowledges that Jesus is the Son of God -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +"Anyone who says the truth about Jesus, that he is the Son of God" -## translationNotes +# Son of God -* **Whoever confesses that Jesus is the Son of God** - "Those who say the truth about Jesus, that he is the Son of God." (UDB) -* **God remains in him, and he in God** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:1jn:02:04]]. -* **God is love** - This is a metaphor which means "The character of God is love." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* ** and he who remains in love remains in God, and God remains in him** - This can be translated “those who continue to love others have a close relationship with God, and God has a close relationship with them.”) +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# God remains in him and he in God + +To remain in someone means to continue to have fellowship with him. See how you translated "remains in God" in [1 John 2:5-6](../02/04.md). AT: "God continues to have fellowship with him and he continues to have fellowship with God" or "God stays joined to him and he stays joined to God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and he in God + +The word "remains" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "and he remains in God" (See: Ellipsis) + +# God is love + +This is a metaphor which means "the character of God is love." See how you translated this in [1 John 4:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who remains in this love + +"those who continue to love others" + +# remains in God, and God remains in him + +To remain in someone means to continue to have fellowship with him. See how you translated "remains in God" in [1 John 2:5-6](../02/04.md). AT: "continues to have fellowship with God, and God continues to have fellowship with him" or "stays joined with God, and God stays joined with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/17.md b/1jn/04/17.md index 104cf2ff60..9aa054ed6e 100644 --- a/1jn/04/17.md +++ b/1jn/04/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Because of this, this love has been made perfect among us, so that we will have confidence -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "Because of this" refers back to [1 John 4:16](./15.md). AT: "Because whoever lives in love is in God and God is in him, God has made his love for us complete, and so we may have complete confidence" or 2) "Because of this" refers to "we may have confidence." AT: "We are confident that God will accept us on the day he judges everyone, so we know he has made his love for us complete" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# this love has been made perfect among us -* **In this love has been made perfect among us, that we may have confidence on the day of judgment** - Possible meanings are 1) the word "this" refers back to 4:16. Alternate translation: "And when a person lives in love, and he is in God and God is in him, our love is complete. And, we may have complete confidence on the day of judgment." Or 2) the word "this" refers to "confidence." Alternate translation: "When we are confident that God will accept us on the day he judges everyone, then we know our love is complete among us." -* **because as he is, just so are we in this world** - "because the relationship that Jesus has with God is the same relationship we have with God in this world" -* **perfect love throws out fear** - Here "love" is described as a person with the power to remove fear. Alternate translation: "But when our love is complete we are no longer afraid." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **because fear has to do with punishment** - "because we are afraid if we think God will punish us when he comes to judge everyone" -* **But he who fears has not been made perfect in love** - "When a person is afraid that God will punish him that means his love is not complete" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has made his love for us complete" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because as he is, just so are we in this world + +"because the relationship that Jesus has with God is the same relationship we have with God in this world" + +# Instead, perfect love throws out fear + +Here "love" is described as a person with the power to remove fear. God's love is perfect. AT: "But when our love is complete, we are no longer afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# because fear has to do with punishment + +"because we would be afraid only if we thought that he would punish us" + +# But the one who fears has not been made perfect in love + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But when a person is afraid that God will punish him, his love is not complete" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/19.md b/1jn/04/19.md index 2ec69477e4..05e0737aa1 100644 --- a/1jn/04/19.md +++ b/1jn/04/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# hates his brother -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"hates a fellow believer" -## translationNotes +# the one who does not love his brother, whom he has seen, cannot love God, whom he has not seen -* **We ** - This refers to John, the people he is writing to, and believers everywhere." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **hates his brother ** - "hate a fellow believer." (UDB) -* **commandment from him - "** - "**him" refers to God. +If two negative statements in a row are confusing, this can be translated differently. AT: "the one who hates his brother, whom he has seen, cannot love God, whom he has not seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/intro.md b/1jn/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..61845c8913 --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 John 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Spirit ##### +This single word is used in many different ways in this chapter. It is used to reference non-physical things, specifically "spirits" who bear witness in some way in "spiritual" or religious matters. The "Spirit of God" is God. The "spirit" of the antichrist is that which is typical of the Antichrist. This is the same way it is used in the phrases the "spirit of truth" and the "spirit of error." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Loving God ##### +If people love God, their love should be displayed in the way they live their lives and the way they treat other people. It is not necessary to conclude the Christian's salvation is dependent upon these behaviors. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 John 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/01.md b/1jn/05/01.md index 55ea80285b..ec2187def6 100644 --- a/1jn/05/01.md +++ b/1jn/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +John continues to teach his readers about God's love and the love believers are to have because they have this new nature from God. -## translationNotes +# is born from God -* **is born of God** - "is a child of God" -* **him who became the father** - "the father." Alternate translation: "him who caused us to be his children" -* **also loves him who was born of him** - "also loves his child." Alternate translation: “also loves his children.” -* **By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and do his commandments** - "When we love God and do what he commands, then we know that we love the children of God" -* **For this is love for God, that we keep his commandments** - "Because when we do what he commands that is true love for God" -* **And his commandments are not burdensome** - "And what he commands is not a burden" or "And what he commands is not difficult to do" +"is a child of God" + +# Because of this we know that we love God's children, when we love God and do his commandments. + +"When we love God and do what he commands, then we know that we love his children" + +# For this is love for God: that we keep his commandments + +"Because when we do what he commands, that is true love for God" + +# his commandments are not burdensome + +"what he commands is not difficult" + +# burdensome + +"heavy" or "crushing" or "difficult" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/04.md b/1jn/05/04.md index ec37ec1201..6cd69ae3ea 100644 --- a/1jn/05/04.md +++ b/1jn/05/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# everyone who is born from God overcomes -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"all children of God overcome" -## translationNotes +# overcomes the world -* **everyone** - This refers to all children of God. -* ** overcomes the world** - This can be translated “refuses to do the evil things unbelievers do” -* **And this is the victory…our faith ** - This could be translated "Our faith gives us the power to resist sinning against God." -* **Who is he who overcomes the world? ** - This is a rhetorical question which contains a metonymy (world). "He" refers to believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"has victory over the world," "succeeds against the world," or "refuses to do the evil things unbelievers do" + +# the world + +This passage uses "the world" to refer to all the sinful people and the evil systems in the world. AT: "everything in the world that is against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# And this is the victory that has overcome the world, even our faith + +"And this is what gives us the power to resist whatever would lead us to sin against God: our faith" or "And it is our faith that gives us the power to resist whatever would lead us to sin against God" + +# Who is the one who overcomes the world? + +John used this question to introduce something he wanted to teach. AT: "I will tell you who overcomes the world:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The one who believes that Jesus is the Son of God + +This does not refer to a specific person but to anyone who believes this. AT: "Anyone who believes that Jesus is the Son of God." + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/06.md b/1jn/05/06.md index 3fca477dea..2c3d3f0d74 100644 --- a/1jn/05/06.md +++ b/1jn/05/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +John teaches about Jesus Christ and what God said about him. -## translationNotes +# This is the one who came by water and blood: Jesus Christ -* **This is he who came by water and blood, even Jesus Christ** - "Jesus Christ is the one who came by water and blood."Here "water" refers to the baptism of Jesus. Also "blood" refers to Jesus' death on the cross. Alternate translation: "God showed that Jesus Christ is his son at Jesus' baptism and his death on the cross." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **not only by water, but by water and by blood** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "He came not by water only, but by water and by blood." Alternate translation: "God did not just show us Jesus was his son through his baptism, but through his baptism and his death on the cross." -* **For there are three who bear witness** - "For there are three who testify about Jesus" -* **and the Spirit and the water and the blood** - Here, "water" and "blood" are described as a person who stands up in court and tells the people what he saw and heard. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **and the three agree in one** - "and the three agree with each other" +"Jesus Christ is the one who came by water and blood." Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus' death on the cross. AT: "God showed that Jesus Christ is his son at Jesus' baptism and his death on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He came not only by water, but by water and blood + +Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus' death on the cross. AT: "God did not show us Jesus was his son just through his baptism, but through his baptism and his death on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/09.md b/1jn/05/09.md index 80ed51763b..4ea7f5f0b1 100644 --- a/1jn/05/09.md +++ b/1jn/05/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# If we receive the witness of men, the witness of God is greater -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +The translator can state more clearly the implied reason about why we should believe what God says: AT: "If we believe what people say, then we should believe what God says because he always tells the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# receive the witness of men -* **If we receive the witness of men, the witness of God is greater** - Alternate translation: "If we believe what people say, then we should believe what God says because he always tells the truth. -* **He who believes in the Son of God has the testimony in himself** - Alternate translation: “Whoever believes in Jesus knows for sure he is the Son of God.” -* **has made him a liar** - "is calling God a liar" -* **because he has not believed the witness that God has borne concerning his Son** - "because he does not believe God has told the truth about his Son" +The idiom to "receive the witness" means to believe what another person testifies concerning something that he has seen. The abstract noun "witness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "believe what men testify" or "believe what men say about what they have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the witness of God is greater + +the witness of God is more important and more reliable + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Anyone who believes in the Son of God has the testimony in himself + +"Whoever believes in Jesus knows for sure Jesus is the Son of God" + +# has made him out to be a liar + +"has called God a liar" + +# because he has not believed the witness that God has given concerning his Son + +"because he has not believed that God has told the truth about his Son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/11.md b/1jn/05/11.md index 69729262f9..8ed5bae567 100644 --- a/1jn/05/11.md +++ b/1jn/05/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# And the witness is this -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +"This is what God says" -## translationNotes +# life -* **And the witness is this** - "This is what God says." (UDB) -* **this life is in his Son ** - "We will live forever if we are joined with his Son" (UDB), or "We will live forever if we are united with his Son." -* **He who has the Son has life ** - This could be translated "He who believes in Jesus has eternal life." +Here "life" stands for the right to live forever by God's grace and love. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this life is in his Son + +"this life is through his Son" or "we will live forever if we are joined with his Son" or "we will live forever if we are united with his Son" + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# The one who has the Son has life. The one who does not have the Son of God does not have life + +Being in a close relationship to the Son is spoken of as having the Son. AT: "He who believes in the Son of God has eternal life. He who does not believe in the Son of God does not have eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/13.md b/1jn/05/13.md index 6e7e819a90..be996d29b6 100644 --- a/1jn/05/13.md +++ b/1jn/05/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This begins the end of John's letter. He tells his readers the last purpose for his letter and gives them some final teachings. -## translationNotes +# these things -* **These things** - "This letter" -* **to you who believe on the name of the Son of God** - The word "name" refers to the Son of God. Alternate translation: "to you who trust in the Son of God." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **And this is the confidence which we have before him** - "And because we trust in the Son of God we can be sure of this" -* **if we ask according to his will** - "if we ask for the things that the Son of God desires" -* **we know that we have the petitions which we have asked of him** - "we know that we will receive what we asked from him" +"this letter" + +# to you who believe in the name of the Son of God + +Here "name" is a metonym for the Son of God. AT: "to you who trust in the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# life + +Here "life" stands for the right to live forever by God's grace and love. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is the confidence we have before him, that + +The abstract noun "confidence" can be stated as "confident." AT: "we are confident in God's presence because we know that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if we ask anything according to his will + +"if we ask for the things that God desires" + +# we know that we have whatever we have asked of him + +"we know that we will receive that for which we have asked God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/16.md b/1jn/05/16.md index 6dd64b879b..c070a96f8c 100644 --- a/1jn/05/16.md +++ b/1jn/05/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# brother -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +"fellow believer" -## translationNotes +# life -* **brother ** - "fellow believer." -* ** God will give him life** - “life” here refers to eternal life. +Here "life" stands for the right to live forever by God's grace and love. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# death + +This refers to eternal death, that is, eternity spent away from God's presence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/18.md b/1jn/05/18.md index d1ef587a99..3789a43907 100644 --- a/1jn/05/18.md +++ b/1jn/05/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +John closes his letter, reviewing what he has said about the new nature of believers, which cannot sin, and reminds them to keep themselves from idols. -## translationNotes +# the whole world -* **We know that ** - "We" refers to all believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **does not sin** - "does not habitually sin." (UDB) -* **whole world lies** - "World" is a metonymy which refers to the world system ruled by Satan. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in the evil one** - "Evil one" is a metonymy which refers to Satan. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* ** and the whole world lies in the evil one** - This can be translated “Satan controls all the unbelievers in the world.” +Here "world" is a way in which some biblical writers refer to the people living in the world who are in rebellion against God and to the world system that is affected in every way by the corrupting power of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lies in the evil one + +Here "evil one" represents the power of the evil one. AT: "is in the power of the evil one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/20.md b/1jn/05/20.md index 194e857819..764051acbc 100644 --- a/1jn/05/20.md +++ b/1jn/05/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +The word "He" refers to Jesus Christ. -## translationNotes +# Son of God -* **we know** - "We" refers to all believers. -* **given us understanding** - "Has enabled us to understand the truth." (UDB) -* **we know him who is true,** - "him" refers to God the Father. -* **we are in him** - See how this was translated in [[:en:bible:notes:1jn:02:04]]. -* **Dear children** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1jn:02:01]]. +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# has given us understanding + +"has enabled us to understand the truth" + +# life + +Here "life" stands for the right to live forever by God's grace and love. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# He is the true God + +"Jesus is truly God" + +# He is ... eternal life + +This stands for the thought that Christ gives us eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Children + +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "My dear children in Christ" or "You who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/intro.md b/1jn/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a68ebc2215 --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 John 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Christian living ##### +There is a close connection in this chapter between Christians' confession of faith in Jesus and the way they live their lives. Believing in Jesus requires one to live a godly life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Death ##### +John's usage of death in this chapter always references physical death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]]) + +##### "We know that we are from God, and we know that the whole world lies in the evil one." ##### +Satan, the evil one, is the ruler of this world, but ultimately God is in control over everything. Scripture describes Satan as the "prince" of this world and God as the "king" of all of creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 John 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/front/intro.md b/1jn/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7e754ce3cf --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +# Introduction to 1 John # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 1 John #### + +1. Introduction (1:1-4) +1. Christian living (1:5-3:10) +1. The command to love one another (3:11-5:12) +1. Conclusion (5:13-21) + +#### What is the Book of 1 John about? #### + +John wrote this letter to Christians at a time when the church was having trouble with people who denied the basic doctrines of the Christian faith. John's purpose in writing this letter was to prevent believers from sinning, to protect believers from false teaching, and to assure believers that they are saved. This, John explains, would make his joy complete. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "1 John" or "First John." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The First Letter From John" or "The First Letter John Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 1 John? #### + +The letter of 1 John was written by the Apostle John, probably near the end of his life. John does not identify himself as the author, but the first chapter shows that he was an eyewitness to the life and resurrection of Jesus. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Who were the people that John spoke against? #### + +It is possible that the people John spoke against were those who would eventually become known as Gnostics. These people believed that Jesus was God, but that he was not really a human with a physical body on earth. The reason for their belief was their view that the physical world was evil. John writes this letter to assure his readers that he was a true eyewitness to the life of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why are the many references in 1 John to "remaining" and "reside" important? #### + +This language often expresses the idea of people residing somewhere, or often of something existing in a certain place. Jesus' words are said to "remain" in Christians; Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God, and also in Jesus' love. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father and also in the believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers. + +Many translators will find it impossible to represent these ideas in their languages in exactly the same way. John intends to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with Jesus. For example, "He who says he remains in God" (1 John 2:6) often must be expressed in a different manner. The UDB says, "If we say that we are in union with God," but translators will often have to find other expressions that communicate well. + +In the passage, "the word of God remains in you" (1 John 2:13), the UDB expresses this idea as, "you continue to obey what God commands." Many translators will find it possible to use this translation as a model. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 John? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 1 John: + +* "And we are writing these things so that our joy may be complete." (1:4) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "And we are writing these things to you so that your joy may be complete." +* "And you all know the truth." (2:20) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have either this reading or the following reading: "And you all have knowledge." Some older versions have, "and you know all things." +* "and this is what we are!" (3:1). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts omit this phrase. +* "and every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not of God." (4:3) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read, "and every spirit that does not acknowledge that Jesus has come in the flesh is not of God." +* "For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three are as one." (5:7-8). The ULB, UDB, and most other versions do not have this reading. Translators are advised not to translate this material. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region have it, it is not wrong to translate it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is not original to the Book of 1 John. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/01.md b/1ki/01/01.md index dc957a1c56..2581ea1155 100644 --- a/1ki/01/01.md +++ b/1ki/01/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# covered him with blankets -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +They put many blankets on King David to try to keep him warm. -## translationNotes +# old and advanced in years -* **old and advanced in years** - "very old" (see UDB). The two phrases are similar in meaning and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]].) -* **covered him with clothes** - They put many blankets on King David to try to keep him warm. +"very old." The two phrases are similar in meaning and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]].) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/03.md b/1ki/01/03.md index f1cd37512f..58347c2e68 100644 --- a/1ki/01/03.md +++ b/1ki/01/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So they searched -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"So the king's servants searched" -## translationNotes +# within all the borders of Israel -* **So they searched** - "So the king's servants searched" -* **within all the borders of Israel** - "in all of Israel" or "throughout Israel" -* **Abishag the Shunammite** - "Abishag from Shunem" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shunamite** - a person from the city of Shunem -* **the king** - "King David" +This is a generalization. AT: "all over the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Abishag + +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shunammite + +a person from the city of Shunem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the king + +"King David" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/05.md b/1ki/01/05.md index 5a72ecb9eb..bf6ff407b6 100644 --- a/1ki/01/05.md +++ b/1ki/01/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Adonijah son of Haggith -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Haggith was a wife of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# exalted himself -* **Adonijah the son of Haggith** - Haggith was a wife of David. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **horsemen** - These are men who drive chariots pulled by horses. -* **had never troubled him saying, "Why have you done this or that?"** - "had never rebuked him" or "had never taught him how to behave" -* **born next after Absalom** - Absalom was the older brother of Adonijah. +"began to boast" + +# horsemen + +These are men who drive chariots pulled by horses. + +# fifty men to run ahead of him + +These men would go ahead of the chariots to clear the way for them and protect them. + +# had never troubled him, saying + +"had never troubled him. He had never even asked him" or "had never wanted to make him angry, so he never even asked him" + +# Why have you done this or that? + +This is a rhetorical question that a father would ask to discipline his son. AT: "You should know that what you have done is wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# born next after Absalom + +David was the father or both Absalom and Adonijah, but they had different mothers. Absalom was born, then Adonijah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/07.md b/1ki/01/07.md index 126364bd99..d792be0436 100644 --- a/1ki/01/07.md +++ b/1ki/01/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He conferred with Joab -* [[en:tw:Abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:Benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:Joab]] -* [[en:tw:Shimei]] -* [[en:tw:Zadok]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +"Adonijah discussed his plans with Joab" -## translationNotes +# Joab ... Zeruiah ... Abiathar ... Adonijah ... Zadok ... Benaiah ... Jehoiada ... Nathan ... Shimei ... Rei -* **He conferred with Joab** - "Adonijah discussed his plans with Joab" -* ** Joab, Zeruiah, Abiathar, Zadok, Benaiah, Jehoiada, Nathan, Shimei, Rei** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **followed Adonijah and helped him** - "supported and helped Adonijah" or AT: "promised to support and help Adonijah" +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# followed Adonijah and helped him + +"supported and helped Adonijah" or "promised to support and help Adonijah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/09.md b/1ki/01/09.md index 5d756b7750..6370fbe7bf 100644 --- a/1ki/01/09.md +++ b/1ki/01/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# fattened calves -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +"calves that were given plenty of food so that they would be fat" or "young cows that were specially prepared for sacrifice" -## translationNotes +# stone of Zoheleth -* **fattened calves** - "calves that were given plenty of food so that they would be fat" or "young cows that were specially prepared for sacrifice" -* **stone of Zoheleth** - This is a rocky area near Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]].) -* **Enrogel** - This was the name of a spring where people got water. -* **all his brothers, the king's sons** - These phrases refer to the same people. -* **men of Judah, the king's servants** - These phrases refer to the same people. +This is a rocky area near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# En Rogel + +This was the name of a spring where people got water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all his brothers ... all the men + +This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# all his brothers, the king's sons + +These two phrases refer to the same people. + +# men of Judah, the king's servants + +These two phrases refer to the same people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/11.md b/1ki/01/11.md index e2700bb689..3f2aff9d3a 100644 --- a/1ki/01/11.md +++ b/1ki/01/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Have you not heard ... it? -* [[en:tw:bathsheba]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +The purpose of this question is to introduce the information that Nathan wants to tell Bathsheba. AT: "You do not seem to have heard ... it." or "Have you heard ... it?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# that Adonijah son of Haggith has become king -* **Have you not heard** - The purpose of this question is to introduce the information that Nathan wants to tell Bathsheba. AT: "Apparently you have not heard" or "Have you heard" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **that Adonijah the son of Haggith has become king?** - AT: "that Haggith's son Adonijah is trying to become king?" -* **Haggith** - Adonijah's mother +"that Haggith's son Adonijah is trying to become king" + +# Haggith + +Adonijah's mother and a wife of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/13.md b/1ki/01/13.md index 924b55b1e2..72aa7a1bef 100644 --- a/1ki/01/13.md +++ b/1ki/01/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The prophet Nathan continues to speak to Bathsheba. -## translationNotes +# did you not swear to your servant ... throne? -* The prophet Nathan continues to speak to Bathsheba. -* **did you not swear to your servant** - The purpose of this question was to remind David of what he had promised Bathsheba. AT: "you swore to your servant" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The purpose of this question was to remind David of what he had promised Bathsheba. AT: "you swore to your servant ... throne." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to your servant + +Bathsheba speaks to David as if she were someone else to show that she respects David. AT: "to me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# he will sit on my throne + +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. AT: "he will be king just as I was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why then is Adonijah reigning? + +Bathsheba was to use a question so David would pay attention. AT: "So then, Adonijah should not be reigning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# confirm your words + +"tell him that what you have said is true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/15.md b/1ki/01/15.md index 7810ecb652..38cf80d5a6 100644 --- a/1ki/01/15.md +++ b/1ki/01/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the king's room -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the room in which the king slept" -## translationNotes +# Abishag the Shunammite -* **Abishag the Shunammite** - This is the young virgin that King David's servants had brought to care for him. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:01:03]]. -* **bowed and prostrated herself before the king** - "bowed close to the ground in front of the king" -* **what do you desire?** - "what can I do for you?" -* **you swore to...** - The form of "you" here is emphatic. AT: "you yourself swore to..." -* **he shall sit on my throne** - "he will be the king" +This is the young virgin that King David's servants had brought to care for him. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:3](./03.md). + +# bowed and prostrated herself before the king + +"bowed close to the ground in front of the king" + +# What do you desire? + +"What can I do for you?" + +# you swore to + +The form of "you" here is emphatic. AT: "you yourself swore to" + +# your servant + +Bathsheba speaks as if she were another person to show David that she respects him. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "me, your servant" + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# he shall sit on my throne + +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "he will be king just as I was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/18.md b/1ki/01/18.md index 50bcab6bd4..4136f0ac41 100644 --- a/1ki/01/18.md +++ b/1ki/01/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:Joab]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +Bathsheba continues speaking to King David. -## translationNotes +# see -* Bathsheba continues speaking to King David. -* **oxen, fatted calves, and sheep in abundance** - "many oxen, fatted calves, and sheep" +"pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# oxen, fatted calves, and sheep in abundance + +"many oxen, fatted calves, and sheep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/20.md b/1ki/01/20.md index c508562fb6..a38b703043 100644 --- a/1ki/01/20.md +++ b/1ki/01/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:criminal]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +Bathsheba continues to speak to King David. -## translationNotes +# the eyes of all Israel are on you, waiting -* Bathsheba continues to speak to King David. -* **the eyes of all Israel are on you** - AT: "All the people of Israel are watching you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]].) -* **sleeps with his fathers** - This is a polite way of referring to his death. AT: "dies" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Here "eyes" refers to the people. Here "the eyes ... are on you" is an idiom that means the people are waiting expectantly. AT: "all the people of Israel are waiting expectantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will sit on the throne + +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "will be king" + +# when my master the king sleeps with his fathers + +Bathsheba speaks to King David as if she were speaking about him to show that she respects him. AT: "when you sleep with your fathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# sleeps with his fathers + +This is a polite way of saying "dies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I and my son Solomon will be regarded as criminals + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the new king will regard my son Solomon and me as criminals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/22.md b/1ki/01/22.md index cab033ad34..ca2c7b93b7 100644 --- a/1ki/01/22.md +++ b/1ki/01/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Nathan the prophet speaks to King David. -## translationNotes +# prostrated himself -* Nathan the prophet speaks to King David. -* **prostrated himself** - "bowed very low" +"bowed very low" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/24.md b/1ki/01/24.md index 83b98945db..64540375e1 100644 --- a/1ki/01/24.md +++ b/1ki/01/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Nathan the prophet continues to speak to King David. -## translationNotes +# have you said, 'Adonijah will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne?' -* Nathan the prophet continues to speak to King David. -* **eating and drinking before him** - The supporters of Adonijah were having a feast or party with him to celebrate that he was becoming king. +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "have you said that Adonijah will reign after you, and he will sit on your throne?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# he will sit on my throne + +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "he will be king just as I was" + +# eating and drinking before him + +Adonijah probably sat at a table where he could watch all those he had invited as they ate and drank. The main idea is that the people Nathan named were with Adonijah and they were celebrating together. AT: "eating and drinking with him" or "eating and drinking where he can see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/26.md b/1ki/01/26.md index edab6bc74a..a94f269e59 100644 --- a/1ki/01/26.md +++ b/1ki/01/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +Nathan the prophet continues to speak to King David. -## translationNotes +# Has my master the king done this without telling us, your servants, who should sit on the throne after him? -* Nathan the prophet continues to speak to King David. -* **sit on the throne** - "become king" (UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). +Nathan refers to David in the third person. This is a way of showing respect to the king. It can be stated in second person. AT: "Have you, my master the king, done this without telling us, your servants, who should sit on the throne after you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# who should sit on the throne + +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "who would be king after him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/28.md b/1ki/01/28.md index ce8816bdf7..a44c5cf1b7 100644 --- a/1ki/01/28.md +++ b/1ki/01/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +King David makes a promise to Bathsheba. -## translationNotes +# came into the king's presence -* King David makes a promise to Bathsheba. -* **came into the king's presence** - AT: "came before the king" or "came back to the king" -* **made an oath** - "made a solemn promise" -* **May my master King David live forever!** - Bathsheba knew David would not live forever; this is a way of saying that he is a good king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]].) +"came before the king" or "came back to the king" + +# made an oath + +"made a solemn promise" + +# he will sit on my throne in my place + +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "he will take my place and be king just as I was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May my master King David live forever + +Bathsheba knew David would not live forever; this is a way of saying that he is a good king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/32.md b/1ki/01/32.md index 7b02f579dd..139b5e168f 100644 --- a/1ki/01/32.md +++ b/1ki/01/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +King David anoints Solomon king. -## translationNotes +# the servants of your master -* King David anoints Solomon king. -* **the servants of me** - "my servants" -* **Gihon** - This is the name of a water spring. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]].) +David speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else so Zadok, Nathan, and Benaiah would remember that David is still king. AT: "my servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Gihon + +This is the name of a water spring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/35.md b/1ki/01/35.md index 99283578c5..002def79a1 100644 --- a/1ki/01/35.md +++ b/1ki/01/35.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +King David continues to speak on behalf of Solomon as the one who will become king. -## translationNotes +# he will come and sit on my throne -* King David continues to speak on behalf of Solomon as the one who will become king. -* **So let it be!** - They agree and will do what King David said. (See: [[en:obe:kt:amen]]) -* **make his throne greater than the throne of my master King David** - "make his power greater than King David's power" or "make his kingdom greater than King David's kingdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]].) +The words "sit on the throne" are used as a metonym for being king in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md), [1 Kings 1:17](./15.md), and [1 Kings 1:30](./28.md). Here David speaks of Solomon literally sitting on a physical throne. + +# So let it be! + +They agree and will do what King David said. + +# May Yahweh, the God of my master the king, confirm + +Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. AT: "My master and king, may Yahweh your God confirm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# has been with my master the king, so + +Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. AT: "has been with you, my master the king, so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# make his throne greater than the throne of my master King David + +The word "throne" is a metonym for either 1) the person who sits on the throne. AT: "make the one who sits on the throne greater than my master King David" or 2) the kingdom over which the one who sits on the throne rules. AT: "make his kingdom greater than the kingdom of my master King David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the throne of my master King David + +Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. AT: "your throne, my master King David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/38.md b/1ki/01/38.md index 9c02e72e22..30704de935 100644 --- a/1ki/01/38.md +++ b/1ki/01/38.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +The people of Israel anoint Solomon as king over Israel. -## translationNotes +# Kerethites ... Pelethites -* The people of Israel anoint Solomon as king over Israel. +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gihon + +This is the name of a spring, where fresh water comes out of the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# took the horn of oil out of the tent + +This means the priest took the special animal horn filled with olive oil that was kept in Yahweh's special tent. + +# took the horn of oil + +Possible meanings are 1) the horn of an animal filled with olive oil or 2) a container that had replaced the original horn, but the people still called it a horn. AT: "took a container of oil" + +# all the people + +This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/41.md b/1ki/01/41.md index e572e04d62..c998aec6f2 100644 --- a/1ki/01/41.md +++ b/1ki/01/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:Adonijah]] -* [[en:tw:Joab]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] - -## translationNotes - -* Adonijah hears the loud noise and waits for the news. +Adonijah hears the loud noise and waits for the news. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/43.md b/1ki/01/43.md index 1335826252..581a7baaab 100644 --- a/1ki/01/43.md +++ b/1ki/01/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] +Adonijah learns that Solomon is the new king. -## translationNotes +# Kerethites ... Pelethites -* Adonijah learns that Solomon is the new king. +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/46.md b/1ki/01/46.md index e76be05255..7cb286cf77 100644 --- a/1ki/01/46.md +++ b/1ki/01/46.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Jonathan continues to speak to Adonijah about Solomon. -## translationNotes +# is sitting on the throne of the kingdom -* Jonathan continues to speak to Adonijah about Solomon. -* **sitting on the throne of the kingdom** - This is another way of saying that Solomon is king (See: UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](./35.md). AT: "is now king" or 2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a person to sit on my throne this day + +Possible meanings are 1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](./35.md). AT: "a person to be king today as I was" or 2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/49.md b/1ki/01/49.md index e7f342f45c..a96f02e45a 100644 --- a/1ki/01/49.md +++ b/1ki/01/49.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Adonijah becomes terrified of King Solomon. -## translationNotes +# They stood up -* Adonijah becomes terrified of King Solomon. -* **Adonijah ... took hold of the horns of the altar** - The "horns of the altar" symbolized the strength and protection of Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Another possible meaning is "They began to act quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Adonijah ... took hold of the horns of the altar + +The "horns of the altar" symbolized the strength and protection of Yahweh, but because Adonijah literally went into the area of the physical tent to take literal hold of the physical horns, you should translate this literally. + +# Adonijah ... rose up, went + +Another possible meaning is "Adonijah ... quickly went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# is afraid of King Solomon + +The servants speak to King Solomon as if they were speaking of someone else to show that they respected King Solomon. AT: "is afraid of you, King Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# he will not kill his servant + +Adonijah speaks of himself as if he were speaking of another person so people will think that he respects King Solomon. AT: "he will not kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/52.md b/1ki/01/52.md index 80e0f124ee..de5e183b44 100644 --- a/1ki/01/52.md +++ b/1ki/01/52.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Solomon spares the life of Adonijah. -## translationNotes +# not a hair of his will fall to the earth -* Solomon spares the life of Adonijah. -* **not a hair of his will fall** - "not a hair of his head will fall" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is an exaggeration to say that Solomon will keep Adonijah safe. AT: "not a hair of his head will fall" or "I will keep him safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# wickedness is found in him + +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be translated as a verb. It is spoken of as if it were an object that could be found in a container. This can be translated in active form. AT: "he does what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/intro.md b/1ki/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a445e192af --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 1 Kings 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +1 Kings is a continuation of 2 Samuel. + +This chapter records the beginning of the reign of Solomon (chapters 1-11) after the death of David. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== The next king == +David did not announce who was to succeed him. Because of this, there was fighting between David's sons over who should be king. Adonijah invited guests to a banquet and declared himself king. Then those favoring Solomon told David and he declared Solomon the new king. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### +Several times in this chapter, the people use the idiom "sit on the throne" to mean "be king." Solomon assures Adonijah that if he behaves himself "not a hair of his will fall to the earth," meaning "he will not be harmed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Kings intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/01.md b/1ki/02/01.md index d20895f4ae..33c916f070 100644 --- a/1ki/02/01.md +++ b/1ki/02/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# I am going the way of all the earth -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a polite way of saying "I am going to die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# show yourself a man -* **walk in his ways** - "live the way he commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **prosper** - "succeed" or "do well" -* ** with all their heart and with all their soul** - These phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **you will never cease to have a man on the throne of Israel** - AT: "one of your descendants will always be the king of Israel"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "show everyone that you are a man" or "live so that everyone can see you are a good man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# walk in his ways + +Walking on a path is a metonym for the way a person lives. AT: "live the way he commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# prosper + +"succeed" or "do well" + +# may fulfill his word + +"do everything he promised he would do" + +# If your sons ... you will never cease + +Yahweh is talking to David, so the words "you" and "your" refer to David. + +# to walk before me faithfully + +Yahweh is talking to David, so the word "me" refers to Yahweh. + +# with all their heart and with all their soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "with all their being" or "with all their energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you will never cease to have a man on the throne of Israel + +The word "throne" is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. The litotes "will never cease to have" can be stated positively. AT: "your descendants will never cease to be kings of Israel" or "one of your descendants will always be the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/05.md b/1ki/02/05.md index 858e2dc817..30c377418d 100644 --- a/1ki/02/05.md +++ b/1ki/02/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. -## translationNotes +# what Joab ... did to me, and what he did -* King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. -* **shed the blood of war in peace** - AT: "murdered two men during a time of peace" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **on the belt around his waist and in the shoes on his feet** - Joab's belt (where his sword was attached) and his shoes (for marching) symbolize his military rank. These are stained with the blood of the men he murdered. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace** - The language here implies that Joab should die a violent death and not be allowed to grow old (See UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +David is referring to the same thing twice. AT: "what Joab ... did to me—that is, what he did" + +# shed the blood of war in peace + +Possible meanings are 1) "killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war" or 2) "took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# put the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the shoes on his feet + +Possible meanings are 1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or 2) the word "blood" is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab's authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace + +Here being old is represented by having gray hair, that is, a "gray head." AT: "make sure Joab dies a violent death before he grows old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/07.md b/1ki/02/07.md index 6005bec9a6..1f080dca83 100644 --- a/1ki/02/07.md +++ b/1ki/02/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] +King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. -## translationNotes +# Barzillai -* King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. -* **Barzillai** - A Hebrew man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **let them be among those who eat at your table** - AT: "welcome them to eat at your home" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# let them be among those who eat at your table + +The table is a metonym for the home where the table is. AT: "welcome them to eat at your home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/08.md b/1ki/02/08.md index 24dcebc86c..31782a0ec1 100644 --- a/1ki/02/08.md +++ b/1ki/02/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:shimei]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. -## translationNotes +# Shimei ... Gera -* King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. -* **Gera, Benjamite, Bahurim, Mahanaim** - These are all Hebrew men's names. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **do not let him go free from punishment** - AT: "be sure to punish him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **bring his gray head down to the grave with blood** - AT: "Make sure he dies a violent death"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Benjamite + +descendant of Benjamin + +# Bahurim ... Mahanaim + +place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# do not let him go free from punishment + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "be sure to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# bring his gray head down to the grave with blood + +Blood is a metonym for violent death, and the head is synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "make sure he dies a violent death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/10.md b/1ki/02/10.md index 6bb90499f6..b6f792dd5c 100644 --- a/1ki/02/10.md +++ b/1ki/02/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +David dies and Solomon takes his place as the new king of Israel. -## translationNotes +# slept with his ancestors -* David dies and Solomon takes his place as the new King of Israel. -* **slept with his ancestors** - "died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **sat on the throne of his father David** - A throne represents the authority of a king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +David dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# David ... and was buried + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "David ... and they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The days that David reigned over Israel were + +"The time that David reigned over Israel was" or "David reigned over Israel for" + +# sat on the throne of his father David + +The throne represents the authority of the king. AT: "became king, as his father David had been" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his rule was firmly established + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh firmly established Solomon's rule" or "Yahweh caused Solomon to take complete control of the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/13.md b/1ki/02/13.md index 4c4a8b626d..1f129e0fea 100644 --- a/1ki/02/13.md +++ b/1ki/02/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adonijah]] -* [[en:tw:bathsheba]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +Adonijah comes to speak to Bathsheba. -## translationNotes +# peacefully -* Adonijah comes to speak to Bathsheba. -* **peacefully** - AT: "with no desire to cause harm" +"with no desire to cause harm" + +# all Israel + +This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# things changed + +"what we expected to happen did not happen" + +# the kingdom was given to my brother + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh gave the kingdom to my brother" or "my brother became king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/16.md b/1ki/02/16.md index 7467629c18..552d5f9334 100644 --- a/1ki/02/16.md +++ b/1ki/02/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Adonijah shares his request with Bathsheba. -## translationNotes +# do not turn away from my face ... he will not turn away from your face -* Adonijah shares his request with Bathsheba. -* **Abishag the Shunammite** - (See: [[en:bible:notes:1ki:01:03]]) +Turning from the face of someone is a metonym for refusing to look at someone, which in turn is a metonym for refusing to do what that person requests. AT: "do not refuse to do what I request ... he will not refuse to do what you request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Abishag the Shunammite + +(See: [1 Kings 1:3](../01/03.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/19.md b/1ki/02/19.md index dd21861c7d..adb9467841 100644 --- a/1ki/02/19.md +++ b/1ki/02/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Bathsheba goes to King Solomon with Adonijah's request. -## translationNotes +# The king rose -* Bathsheba goes to King Solomon with Adonijah's request. -* **had a throne brought** - AT: "told someone to bring a throne" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I will not refuse you** - AT: "I will give you what you ask for" or "I will do what you ask" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"The king stood up" from where he was sitting on his throne. + +# had a throne brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "told someone to bring a throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the king's mother + +Bathsheba + +# you will not turn away from my face ... I will not turn away from your face + +Turning from the face of someone is a metonym for refusing to look at someone, which in turn is a metonym for refusing to do what that person requests. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 2:16-17](./16.md). AT: "you will not refuse to do what I request ... I will not refuse to do what you request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah ... as his wife + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Allow Adonijah ... to marry Abishag the Shunammite" or "Give Abishag the Shunammite to Adonijah ... as his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/22.md b/1ki/02/22.md index d96947f31f..4e94e0a769 100644 --- a/1ki/02/22.md +++ b/1ki/02/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:adonijah]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +King Solomon gives an answer to Adonijah's request. -## translationNotes +# Why do you ask ... Adonijah? Why do you not ask the kingdom for him also ... Zeruiah? -* King Solomon gives an answer to Adonijah's request. -* **Why do you ask … Why do you not ask the kingdom for him also… ?** - King Solomon was angered by his mother's request and answers her in a question. AT: "I suppose I should allow him to rule the kingdom too!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Adonijah has not spoken this word against his own life.** - AT: "for Adonijah has put his own life in danger by making this request." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +King Solomon was angered by his mother's request. AT: "You are wrong to ask ... Adonijah! This is the same as asking the kingdom for him also ... Zeruiah!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# May God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah has not spoken this word against his own life + +This is an idiom. AT: "God will have every right to execute me—and to do even worse things to me—if I do not execute Adonijah because he has made this request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/24.md b/1ki/02/24.md index aab1125339..4066324b7f 100644 --- a/1ki/02/24.md +++ b/1ki/02/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +King Solomon executes Adonijah. -## translationNotes +# set me on the throne -* King Solomon executes Adonijah. -* **set me on the throne** - The word "throne" refers to Solomon's authority to rule that was given by Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who has made me a house** - Here "house" refers to descendants that Yahweh gave to King Solomon, that would continue to reign after him. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "throne" refers to Solomon's authority to rule that was given by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who has made me a house + +Here "house" refers to descendants that Yahweh gave to King Solomon, who would continue to reign after him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/26.md b/1ki/02/26.md index 2612d31d02..0bb6b8b729 100644 --- a/1ki/02/26.md +++ b/1ki/02/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Solomon dismisses Abiathar from being priest. -## translationNotes +# suffered in every way my father suffered -* Abiathar is dismissed from the priesthood by Solomon. -* **suffered in every way my father suffered** - Abiathar had suffered alongside King David before David became king. -* **that he might fulfill** - The word "he" refers to King Solomon. -* **which he had spoken** - The word "he" refers to Yahweh. +Abiathar had suffered alongside King David before David became king. + +# that he might fulfill + +The word "he" refers to King Solomon. + +# the word of Yahweh + +"the things that Yahweh had said" + +# which he had spoken + +The word "he" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/28.md b/1ki/02/28.md index 210eb8912b..b1233ab33a 100644 --- a/1ki/02/28.md +++ b/1ki/02/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +King Solomon orders Benaiah to execute Joab. -## translationNotes +# The news came to Joab -* King Solomon orders Benaiah to execute Joab. -* **The news came to Joab** - AT: Joab heard what Solomon did after he had become king. -* **Joab took hold of the horns of the altar** - The horns of the altar symbolized Yahweh's power and protection. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Joab heard what Solomon did after he had become king" + +# the horns of the altar + +The horns of the altar symbolized Yahweh's power and protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It was told King Solomon that Joab had fled + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone told King Solomon that Joab had fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/30.md b/1ki/02/30.md index 312a310480..507c0761b3 100644 --- a/1ki/02/30.md +++ b/1ki/02/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Benaiah goes to execute Joab. -## translationNotes +# bury him so that you may take away from me and from my father's house the blood that Joab shed without cause -* Benaiah goes to execute Joab. -* **take away from me and from my father's house the blood which Joab shed without cause** - Here "house" stands for the descendants of David while "blood" represents guilt. AT: "remove the guilt for the murders Joab committed from me and my family" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "house" stands for the descendants of David while "blood" represents guilt. AT: "bury him and so remove from me and my family the guilt for the murders Joab committed without cause" or "bury him. Do that so Yahweh will not hold me and my father's house guilty because Joab murdered people for no reason" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/32.md b/1ki/02/32.md index 676c357ebf..012eda7280 100644 --- a/1ki/02/32.md +++ b/1ki/02/32.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +King Solomon explains why Joab should die. -## translationNotes +# May Yahweh return his blood on his own head -* King Solomon explains why Joab should die. -* **May Yahweh return his blood on his own head** - The word "his" refers to Joab. "Blood" refers to guilt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **more righteous and better** - Both words are used for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the head of Joab and his descendants** - This is using "head" to describe the whole person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and to his house and to his throne** - Here "house" and "throne" represent David's "descendants" and David's "rule." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "his" refers to Joab. "Blood" is a metonym for murder. And, the idiom "his blood on his own head" means the person should be considered guilty for murder. AT: "Joab has murdered people, and I want Yahweh to hold him guilty for what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# more righteous and better + +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Abner and Amasa were much better men than Joab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# may their blood return on the head of Joab and on the head of his descendants + +The word "blood" is a metonym for murder. And, the idiom "blood return on the head of" means the person should be considered guilty for murder. AT: "I want Yahweh to hold Joab and his descendants guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to his house, and to his throne + +The words "house" and "throne" are metonyms for the family and the kingdom. AT: "to David's descendants and to David's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/34.md b/1ki/02/34.md index 4606523a00..dbe00174ea 100644 --- a/1ki/02/34.md +++ b/1ki/02/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +Benaiah kills Joab and becomes the commander of King Solomon's army. -## translationNotes +# He was buried in his own house -* Benaiah kills Joab and becomes the commander of King Solomon's army. -* **He was buried in his own house** - "Joab was buried in his own house" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They buried Joab in his own house" + +# in his own house + +The house is a metonym for the land on which the house stood. The Israelites buried people out of doors in graves or tombs. AT: "where his family lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/36.md b/1ki/02/36.md index 4b8e52a425..56603ae3a4 100644 --- a/1ki/02/36.md +++ b/1ki/02/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shimei]] +King Solomon tells Shimei to stay in Jerusalem or Shimei will die. -## translationNotes +# Your blood will be on your own head -* King Solomon tells Shimei to stay in Jerusalem or Shimei will die. -* **Your blood will be on your own head** - Here "blood" represents guilt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "blood" is a metonym for guilt and the head is a metonym for the person. AT: "You will be responsible for your own death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/39.md b/1ki/02/39.md index aa818bf92a..d683d08d92 100644 --- a/1ki/02/39.md +++ b/1ki/02/39.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] +Shimei leaves Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Achish ... Maacah ... Gath -* Shimei leaves Jerusalem. -* **Achish, Maacah, Gath** - Achish and Maacah are men's names; Gath is the name of a Philistine city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gath + +a Philistine city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shimei arose + +This is an idiom. "Shimei quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/41.md b/1ki/02/41.md index 48091a517c..7289854b3a 100644 --- a/1ki/02/41.md +++ b/1ki/02/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +King Solomon judges Shimei for leaving Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Solomon was told -* King Solomon judges Shimei for leaving Jerusalem. -* **Know for certain that on the day ... you will surely die?** - The writer presents this remark in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone told Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Did I not make you swear ... saying, 'Know ... die'? + +Solomon is reminding Shimei of what Shimei had promised. AT: "You know very well that I made you swear ... saying, 'Know ... die'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/43.md b/1ki/02/43.md index c0dd809696..6adb9122fa 100644 --- a/1ki/02/43.md +++ b/1ki/02/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +King Solomon pronounces judgment upon Shimei for leaving Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Why then have you not kept your oath ... you? -* King Solomon pronounces judgment upon Shimei for leaving Jerusalem. -* **on your own head** - AT: "on you"; Here "head" refers to the whole person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Solomon is asking for an answer or 2) AT: "You have done wrong by breaking your oath ... you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will return your wickedness on your own head + +Here the head represents the person, and wickedness is spoken of as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put on a person's head. AT: "will hold you responsible for all your wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/45.md b/1ki/02/45.md index 9f7540ff3e..7be3ac344a 100644 --- a/1ki/02/45.md +++ b/1ki/02/45.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +King Solomon orders Shimei to be put to death. -## translationNotes +# the throne of David will be established before Yahweh forever -* King Solomon orders Shimei to be put to death. -* **the throne of David will be established before Yahweh forever** - Here "throne of David" represents the authority and rule of David and all his descendants forever. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in Solomon's hand** - This use of "hand" represents Solomon's power and authority. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "throne of David" represents the authority and rule of David and all his descendants forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in Solomon's hand + +This use of "hand" represents Solomon's power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/intro.md b/1ki/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bd4da76c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# 1 Kings 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has two stories: David's last advice to Solomon and Solomon's punishment of those who supported Adonijah and also Shimei, who had cursed David when David was fleeing from Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exalting oneself ##### +Exalting oneself can lead to disaster as when Adonijah made himself king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Euphemism ##### +David spoke of his impending death using a euphemism: "I am going the way of all the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Parallelism ##### + +David wanted to emphasize the importance of obeying God to his son Solomon. He used parallelism, saying the same thing seven times using different words: "Keep the commands of Yahweh your God to walk in his ways, to obey his statutes, his commandments, his decisions, and his covenant decrees, being careful to do what is written in the law of Moses." Some languages have other ways of emphasizing an idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/01.md b/1ki/03/01.md index b5d45fc14d..b9b5dde9ed 100644 --- a/1ki/03/01.md +++ b/1ki/03/01.md @@ -1,42 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid|City of David]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|loved]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrificing]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statutes]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walking]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Solomon marries an Egyptian. -## translationNotes +# Solomon allied himself by marriage with Pharaoh king of Egypt -* Solomon marries an Egyptian. -* **Solomon allied himself … with Pharaoh king of Egypt** - AT: ”Solomon established a relationship with Pharaoh.” -* **the house of Yahweh ** - "the temple" -* **the shrines** - “the places where people worship and make sacrifices to a god” +Solomon became the son-in-law of Pharaoh king of Egypt so the two kings would work together and fight together against their enemies. + +# until he had finished building + +She was still in the city of David after he had finished building. + +# the house of Yahweh + +"the temple" + +# no house had yet been built + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one had yet built a house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the name of Yahweh + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for the name" refers to worshiping the person. AT: "in which people would worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walking in the statutes of David his father + +How one lives one's life is spoken of as walking on a path. AT: "obeying the laws that David his father had made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/04.md b/1ki/03/04.md index 256f2fae18..e5fa4810e7 100644 --- a/1ki/03/04.md +++ b/1ki/03/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] +God asks Solomon what he can do for Solomon. -## translationNotes +# the great high place -* God asks Solomon what he can do for Solomon. -* **the great shrine** - AT: "the most famous place for makings sacrifices" or "the most important altar" -* **Ask! What should I give you?** - AT: “Ask me for whatever you want and I will give it to you” or “What do you want? Ask and I will give it to you” +"the most famous place for makings sacrifices" or "the most important altar" + +# Ask! What should I give you? + +"Ask me for whatever you want and I will give it to you." or "What do you want? Ask and I will give it to you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/06.md b/1ki/03/06.md index 8bfbdd8e2f..c41b391b56 100644 --- a/1ki/03/06.md +++ b/1ki/03/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Solomon responds to God's question. -## translationNotes +# You have shown great covenant faithfulness to your servant -* Solomon responds to God's question. -* **You have shown great covenant faithfulness** - AT: "You have been very faithful to your agreement" -* **because he walked before you in trustworthiness, in righteousness and in uprightness of heart** - AT: “because he was trustworthy, righteous and honest” -* **to sit on his throne** - AT: "to rule in his place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "You have been very faithful to your covenant with your servant" or "You have greatly and faithfully loved your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# because he walked before you in trustworthiness, in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart + +Walking is a metaphor for the way one lives. The abstract nouns "trustworthiness," "righteousness," and "uprightness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "because he was trustworthy and righteous, and his heart was upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in uprightness of heart + +A sincere person is spoken of as one whose heart is upright. AT: "he was sincere" or "he spoke the truth and did what was good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have given him a son + +The "son" is Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# to sit on his throne + +Sitting on the throne represents ruling as king. AT: "to rule in his place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# today + +"now." Solomon is speaking not of one day, but of the years he had already been ruling. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/07.md b/1ki/03/07.md index c7fd16f389..4df354827b 100644 --- a/1ki/03/07.md +++ b/1ki/03/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Solomon asks for wisdom. -## translationNotes +# your servant -* Solomon asks for wisdom. -* **I am only a little child** - Solomon is saying that he is like a child who does know as much as a father. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]].) -* **I do not know how to go out or come in** - AT: "I do not know the right way to do things" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) or "I do not know how to be the king" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **For who is able to judge this great people of yours?** - Solomon is asking a question where the answer is obvious. The answer is "no one." AT: "No one is able to judge this great people of yours"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]].) +Solomon speaks as if he is another person to show respect to Yahweh. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# I am only a little child + +Solomon is saying that he is like a child who does not know as much as a father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I do not know how to go out or come in + +This is an idiom that means Solomon does not know how to govern as king. AT: "I do not know how to be the king" or "I do not know the right way to do things as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For who is able to judge this great people of yours? + +Solomon asks a question to emphasize that he knows that no one can judge. AT: "No one is able to judge this great people of yours." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/10.md b/1ki/03/10.md index 5b7b983e7b..b460584df8 100644 --- a/1ki/03/10.md +++ b/1ki/03/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +God gives Solomon wisdom and more. -## translationNotes +# the life of your enemies -* God gives Solomon wisdom and more. -* **the life of your enemies** - Solomon did not ask God to give him power over the life of his enemies. AT: "your enemies to be killed" or "the power to kill your enemies"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you commanded me to do when you gave me your word** - AT: "you asked me to do when you spoke to me" +The "life" is a metonym for the power to kill. AT: "the power to kill your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# now I will do all you asked of me when you gave me your request + +"I will do what you asked me to do when you spoke with me" + +# I give you a wise and an understanding heart + +The heart is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. AT: "I make you able to be wise and to understand many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/13.md b/1ki/03/13.md index 3b82361fa4..5ed9311f46 100644 --- a/1ki/03/13.md +++ b/1ki/03/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# walk in my ways to keep -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Living one's life is spoken of as walking on a path. AT: "live as I want you to live and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# lengthen your days -* **walk in my ways to keep** - "live as I want you to live and obey"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **lengthen your days** - Days represent Solomon's life. AT: "make you live a long time"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"make you live a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/15.md b/1ki/03/15.md index 9bd2a17045..ef45f97026 100644 --- a/1ki/03/15.md +++ b/1ki/03/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes +# behold +The word "behold" here shows that Solomon saw something interesting. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/16.md b/1ki/03/16.md index d05c8c6a0b..689e8defcd 100644 --- a/1ki/03/16.md +++ b/1ki/03/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] - -## translationNotes - -* Two prostitutes ask Solomon to make a decision. +Two prostitutes ask Solomon to make a decision. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/18.md b/1ki/03/18.md index 03166fcb4e..650cec381a 100644 --- a/1ki/03/18.md +++ b/1ki/03/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The two prostitutes tell Solomon their story. -## translationNotes +# lay on him -* The two prostitutes tell Solomon their story. -* **lay on him** - AT: "accidentally rolled on top of her baby and smothered it" (See: UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **smother** - (See: UDB) to die because breathing is not possible such as by covering the mouth +It may be helpful to state that this caused the baby to die. AT: "accidentally rolled on top of her baby and smothered him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your servant + +The woman speaks as if she were speaking of someone else to show that she respects Solomon. AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/21.md b/1ki/03/21.md index 49d93aecf4..0d0e2890af 100644 --- a/1ki/03/21.md +++ b/1ki/03/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Two prostitutes continue to share their story with Solomon. -## translationNotes +# nurse my child -* Two prostitutes continue to share their story with Solomon. -* **nurse my child** - This means to feed her baby milk from her breast. -* **before the king** - "before Solomon" +This means to feed her baby milk from her breast. + +# before the king + +"before Solomon" or "while Solomon could see and hear them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/23.md b/1ki/03/23.md index f69bcc5c0e..af4be79518 100644 --- a/1ki/03/23.md +++ b/1ki/03/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] - -## translationNotes - -* Solomon makes a decision for the two women. +Solomon makes a decision for the two women. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/26.md b/1ki/03/26.md index 20050d86c0..bff2050f39 100644 --- a/1ki/03/26.md +++ b/1ki/03/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The real mother asks the king to spare the child's life. -## translationNotes +# her heart was full of compassion for her son -* The real mother asks the king to spare the child's life. -* **her heart was full of compassion for her son** - AT: "she greatly loved her baby"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This speaks of the woman having a lot of compassion as if her heart were a container and compassion were a solid object. AT: "she greatly loved her baby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all Israel + +This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/intro.md b/1ki/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..788c02cab3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Kings 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has two stories. Verses 1-15 is the story of Solomon's dream when God asked him what he wanted and he said he needed wisdom to be a good and fair ruler. Verses 16-28 is the story of a court case showing Solomon's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom ##### + +God was very pleased with Solomon's request for wisdom. This is because wisdom was something that he could use to serve other people instead of himself. Because this was a noble request, God promised Solomon wisdom, wealth, and fame. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Putting the needs of others first ##### +There are two additional examples of people putting the needs of others in front of their own needs. God is pleased with people wanting to do their job well more than wanting to be blessed. A mother will put the life of her child above every other concern. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/01.md b/1ki/04/01.md index ed06ed1aca..b25ec5a5f5 100644 --- a/1ki/04/01.md +++ b/1ki/04/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +This is the beginning of a list of Solomon's officials. -## translationNotes +# Azariah ... Zadok ... Elihoreph ... Ahijah ... Shisha ... Jehoshaphat ... Ahilud ... Benaiah ... Jehoiada ... Abiathar -* Solomon's Officials: -* **Azariah, Zadok, Elihoreph, Ahijah, Shisha, Jehoshaphat, Ahilud, Benaiah, Jehoiada, Abiathar** - These are all men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/05.md b/1ki/04/05.md index de5dc39680..c53b310331 100644 --- a/1ki/04/05.md +++ b/1ki/04/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:subject]] +The list of Solomon's officials continues. -## translationNotes +# Azariah ... Nathan ... Zabud ... Ahishar ... Adoniram ... Abda -* More of Solomon's Officials: -* **Azariah, Nathan, Zabud, Abishar, Adoniram, Abda** - These are all men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the men who were subjected to forced labor + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the men whom Solomon forced to work for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/07.md b/1ki/04/07.md index 0c7ab6fea6..2fbc8e2ef6 100644 --- a/1ki/04/07.md +++ b/1ki/04/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethshemesh]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Continuation of Solomon's List of Officials: -## translationNotes +# Ben-Hur ... Ben-Deker ... Ben-Hesed -* Continuation of Solomon's List of Officials: -* **Ben Hur, Ephraim, Ben Deker, Makaz, Shaalbim … Socoh, Hepher** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) Note that "Ben" before a name means "son of" so "Ben Hur" means "the son of Hur." +These are the names of men. Note that "Ben" before a name means "son of" so "Ben-Hur" means "the son of Hur." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the hill country ... in Makaz ... in Arubboth + +"who was the official in charge of the hill country ... who was the official in charge of Makaz ... who was the official in charge of Arubboth" + +# Ephraim ... Makaz ... Shaalbim ... Beth Shemesh ... Elon Beth Hanan ... Arubboth ... Sokoh ... Hepher + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/11.md b/1ki/04/11.md index 4bee9c8557..5284f6b32b 100644 --- a/1ki/04/11.md +++ b/1ki/04/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +The list of Solomon's officials continues, and the list of the areas of which they were in charge begins. -## translationNotes +# Ben-Abinadab ... Ben-Geber ... Jair ... Manasseh ... Ahinadab ... Iddo -* Continuation of Solomon's Officials: -* **Ben Adinadab, Dor, Taphath, Baana, Ahilud, Taanach … Iddo, Mahanaim** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) Note that "Ben" before a name means "son of" so "Ben Abinadab" means "the son of Abinadab." +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in all Naphoth Dor ... in Taanach ... in Ramoth Gilead ... in Mahanaim + +"who was the officer in charge of all Naphoth Dor ... who was the officer in charge of Taanach ... who was the officer in charge of Ramoth Gilead ... who was the officer in charge of Mahanaim" + +# Taphath + +woman's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Dor ... Beth Shan ... Zarethan ... Jezreel ... Beth Shan to Abel Meholah ... Jokmeam ... Ramoth Gilead ... Argob ... Bashan ... Mahanaim + +place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/15.md b/1ki/04/15.md index aa158cf2de..0d1f7f1cdb 100644 --- a/1ki/04/15.md +++ b/1ki/04/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The list of Solomon's officials and the areas of which they were in charge continues. -## translationNotes +# Ahimaaz ... Baana ... Hushai ... Jehoshaphat ... Paruah -* This continues to list Solomon's Officials. -* **Ahimaaz** - He was from the tribe of Naphtali and married Basemath. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Baana** - His father, Hushai was from the tribe of Asher and married Bealoth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jehoshaphat** - His father, Paruah, was from the tribe of Issachar. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in Naphtali ... in Asher ... in Issachar + +"who was the officer in charge of Naphtali ... who was the officer in charge of Asher ... who was the officer in charge of Issachar" + +# Basemath + +a woman's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Naphtali ... Asher ... Issachar + +tribal lands named after the sons of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bealoth + +name of a piece of land (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/18.md b/1ki/04/18.md index 557ccb45d7..6aaa238ef5 100644 --- a/1ki/04/18.md +++ b/1ki/04/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:shimei]] +The list of Solomon's officials and the areas of which they were in charge continues. -## translationNotes +# Shimei ... Ela ... Geber ... Uri ... Sihon ... Og -* Continuation of Solomon's Officials: -* **in the land** - Here "the land" refers to the land of Judah; the previous officials were over different parts of Israel. +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Benjamin + +tribal land named for a son of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gilead ... Bashan + +names of pieces of land (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the country of Sihon + +"the land that in earlier years belonged to Sihon" + +# Amorites + +the name of a people group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the land + +Here "the land" refers to the land of Judah; the previous officials presided over different parts of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/20.md b/1ki/04/20.md index 25082df9fe..7c80b354d6 100644 --- a/1ki/04/20.md +++ b/1ki/04/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Judah and Israel were as numerous as the sand by the sea -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] +The speaker uses exaggeration to say that there were so many people that it would be impossible to count them all. The words "Judah" and "Israel" are metonyms for the people who lived in Judah and Israel. AT: "There were as many people in Judah and Israel as there are grains of sand by the sea" or "there were more people in Judah and Israel than a person could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the River -* **numerous as the sand by the sea** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the River** - "Euphrates River" (See: UDB) -* **land of the Philistines** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:philistia]]) -* **thirty cors** - A "cor" was a unit of dry measure that could be carried by one donkey. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **deer, gazelles, roebucks** - "three kinds of deer" +"the Euphrates River" + +# thirty cors + +A cor is a unit of dry measure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# deer, gazelles, roebucks + +four-legged animals that run fast (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# deer + +more than one of these animals + +# fattened fowl + +"birds that people fed so they would become fat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/24.md b/1ki/04/24.md index 30e524534e..bd8a4b5500 100644 --- a/1ki/04/24.md +++ b/1ki/04/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Tiphsah -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba|]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +name of a piece of land -## translationNotes +# Judah and Israel -* **Tiphsah ** - This is present day northeastern Syria. -* **Judah and Israel** - The names Judah and Israel are used to represent the people of Judah and Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **every man under his vine and under his fig tree** - AT: "each family had their own garden with grapevines and fig trees"; This showed that the people lived in safety and peace since they were not at war and had time to grow their gardens. -* **from Dan to Beersheba** - This represents the whole land of Israel from Dan in the north to Beersheba in the south. +The words "Judah" and "Israel" are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# every man under his vine and under his fig tree + +"each family had their own garden with grapevines and fig trees," This showed that the people lived in safety and peace, since they were not at war and had time to grow their gardens. + +# from Dan to Beersheba + +This represents the whole land of Israel from Dan in the north to Beersheba in the south. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/26.md b/1ki/04/26.md index 205605f0a7..b4a893a94b 100644 --- a/1ki/04/26.md +++ b/1ki/04/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# stalls of horses -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +A stall is a place where an animal such as a horse is kept and cared for. -## translationNotes +# who came to King Solomon's table -* **stalls of horses** - A stall is a place where an animal such as a horse is kept and cared for. -* **they let nothing be lacking** - AT: "they provided everything that Solomon needed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"who ate with King Solomon" or "whom King Solomon invited to eat with him" + +# every man in his month + +Solomon had assigned each of the 12 officials in [1 Kings 4:7-19](./07.md) to bring him food in a different month. + +# They let nothing be lacking + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "They provided everything that Solomon needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/29.md b/1ki/04/29.md index 604a43f435..513f20c96e 100644 --- a/1ki/04/29.md +++ b/1ki/04/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# God gave Solomon great wisdom and understanding -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "understanding" can be translated as verbs. God giving him these things means that God enabled him to have these qualities. AT: "God enabled Solomon to be wise and to understand many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# wideness of understanding like the sand on the seashore -* **wideness of understanding like the sand on the seashore** - The extent of Solomon's understanding is compared to the grains of sand on the seashore, which cannot be counted. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the people of the east** - This refers to people from countries east of Israel such as Arabia and Mesopotamia. -* **Ethan, Ezrahite, Heman, Calcol, Darda, Mahol** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Solomon was able to understand many things about many different subjects. The abstract noun "wideness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Solomon was able to understand many things about a wide range of subjects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Solomon's wisdom exceeded the wisdom of all the people + +"Solomon was wiser than all the wise people" + +# the people of the east + +This refers to people from countries east of Israel such as Arabia and Mesopotamia. + +# Ethan ... Heman ... Kalkol ... Darda ... Mahol + +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/32.md b/1ki/04/32.md index 8923667a31..1ef6f63ae7 100644 --- a/1ki/04/32.md +++ b/1ki/04/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# cedar ... hyssop -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:send]] - -## translationNotes - -* **cedar, hyssop** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +These words form a merism that includes all plants. AT: "cedar tree ... hyssop bush" or "the greatest of trees ... least important of bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/intro.md b/1ki/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99609cb63d --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# 1 Kings 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter names the important people in Solomon's government and shows the extent of his kingdom. +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/01.md b/1ki/05/01.md index 51f4bff0d4..ec1875c3a8 100644 --- a/1ki/05/01.md +++ b/1ki/05/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Solomon talks with King Hiram about building the Temple. -## translationNotes +# Hiram had always loved David -* Solomon talks with King Hiram about building the Temple. -* **for Hiram had always loved David** - "for Hiram had always been a close friend of King David" (See: UDB) -* **Yahweh was putting his enemies under the soles of his feet** - AT: "Yahweh was helping David to defeat his enemies" or "David was busy since Yahweh was giving him victory over his enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **build a house for the name of Yahweh** - "build a temple in which we could worship Yahweh" (See: UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Hiram had always been a close friend of King David" + +# Yahweh was putting his enemies under the soles of his feet + +To put an enemy under someone's foot means to conquer them. AT: "Yahweh was helping David to defeat his enemies" or "David was busy since Yahweh was giving him victory over his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for the name of Yahweh + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for the name" refers to worshiping the person.See how you translated this in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "in which people would worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of the wars that surrounded him + +Another possible meaning is "because of the wars with which his enemies surrounded him" or "because he was fighting enemies on all sides" + +# Yahweh was putting his enemies under the soles of his feet + +This speaks of Yahweh giving David complete control over his enemies as putting them under his feet. AT: "Yahweh was enabling David to completely defeat his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/04.md b/1ki/05/04.md index 0694b54d39..04acd971ce 100644 --- a/1ki/05/04.md +++ b/1ki/05/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the Temple. -## translationNotes +# has given me rest on every side -* Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the Temple. -* **has given me rest on every side** - Before King David and the people of Israel had been at war, but now King Solomon and the people were at rest and in a time of peace. -* **set on your throne in your place** - AT: "make to be the king after you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Before Solomon became king, King David and the people of Israel had been at war, but now King Solomon and the people were at rest and in a time of peace. + +# There is neither adversary nor disaster + +neither humans who cause harm nor natural events that cause harm. This can be stated positively. AT: "We are safe from our enemies and from natural disasters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# adversary + +enemy + +# disaster + +event that causes harm to people and their property + +# So + +This is to emphasize the words that follow. "Listen! This is what I am going to do:" or "Because of what Yahweh has done for me, this is what I am going to do:" + +# for the name of Yahweh my God ... for my name + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person. AT: "where Yahweh my God will live ... where I will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# set on your throne in your place + +Here "throne" refers to ruling as king. AT: "make to be the king after you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/06.md b/1ki/05/06.md index 463b268867..aa8d1db9ab 100644 --- a/1ki/05/06.md +++ b/1ki/05/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] +Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the temple. -## translationNotes +# there is no one among us who knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians -* Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the Temple. -* **Lebanon** - King Hiram was the king of the city of Tyre which was located in the same general area as present day Lebanon. -* **no one among us who knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians** - AT: "that your workers know how to cut timber better than my men"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Sidonians** - "people of Sidon" +"your workers know how to cut timber better than my men" + +# Sidonians + +"people of Sidon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/07.md b/1ki/05/07.md index c2051bd5c2..0ce4cbea41 100644 --- a/1ki/05/07.md +++ b/1ki/05/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +King Hiram answers Solomon. -## translationNotes +# the words of Solomon -* King Hiram answers Solomon. -* **the words of Solomon** - AT: "what Solomon said" -* **May Yahweh be blessed today** - AT: "I praise Yahweh today" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I will do all you desire concerning** - AT: "I will do what you asked by sending" -* **cypress** - Cypress is another kind of wood that would be used for building the temple. +"what Solomon said" + +# May Yahweh be blessed today + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I praise Yahweh today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cypress + +Cypress is another kind of valuable wood that would be used for building the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/09.md b/1ki/05/09.md index 67d79f799b..6d58959855 100644 --- a/1ki/05/09.md +++ b/1ki/05/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:household]] +King Hiram continues to answer Solomon. -## translationNotes +# make them into rafts -* King Hiram continues to answer Solomon. -* **make them into rafts** - AT: "tie them together so they will float in groups" -* **them broken up there** - AT: "the groups of trees untied" -* **You will accomplish my desire** - AT:" You can do what I want" or "You can pay me" +"tie them together so they will float in groups" + +# them broken up there + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "my workers untie the logs from each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will do what I desire + +"You can do what I want" or "You can pay me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/10.md b/1ki/05/10.md index fdcb286f4d..dd7c47f769 100644 --- a/1ki/05/10.md +++ b/1ki/05/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# fir -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +The word "fir" refers to many kinds of trees, including cypress trees. -## translationNotes +# measures of wheat -* **fir** - The word "fir" refers to many kinds of trees including Cypress trees. -* **measures of wheat** - A "measure" was equal to 5 to 6 bushels of dry content or the amount that could be carried by a donkey. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **year by year** - AT: "every year" +This was a dry measurement whereas the oil was a liquid measurement. It was not clear which measure was intended. The UDB takes an educated guess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# year by year + +"every year" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/13.md b/1ki/05/13.md index cd136ca1cf..17930f519f 100644 --- a/1ki/05/13.md +++ b/1ki/05/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:labor]] +Solomon forces men to build the Temple. -## translationNotes +# conscripted labor out of all Israel -* Solomon forces men to build the Temple. -* **conscripted labor out of all Israel** - "forced men from all over Israel to work" -* **in shifts** - The workers did not all go at once; the groups went one after the other to share the work. -* **One month they were in Lebanon and two months at home** - Each of the three groups spent one month working in Lebanon and then two months at home in Israel. +"forced men from all over Israel to work" + +# in shifts + +That is, there were three groups that took turns spending one month in Lebanon and two months at home. + +# One month they were in Lebanon and two months at home + +Each of the three groups spent one month working in Lebanon and then two months at home in Israel. + +# the men who were subjected to forced labor + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the men whom Solomon was forcing to work for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/15.md b/1ki/05/15.md index a6d0af7186..2b7e4fbb66 100644 --- a/1ki/05/15.md +++ b/1ki/05/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:works]] +Solomon continues to force men to build the Temple. -## translationNotes +# seventy thousand -* Solomon continues to force men to build the Temple. -* **burdens** - "heavy things" -* **stonecutters** - AT: "men who dug stones out of the ground and cut them" +"70,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# burdens + +"heavy things" + +# eighty thousand + +"80,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# stonecutters + +"men who dug stones out of the ground and cut them" + +# 3,300 chief officers + +"three thousand three hundred chief officers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/17.md b/1ki/05/17.md index ab6da34bdf..74317ad778 100644 --- a/1ki/05/17.md +++ b/1ki/05/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] +Solomon continues to force men to build the temple. -## translationNotes +# quarried large stones of high quality -* Solomon continues to force men to build the temple. -* **quarried large stones of high quality** - AT: "dug large good stones out of the mountain and cut them to be the right shape" -* **the house** - "the temple" (See: UDB); The temple is sometimes called "God's house" or here just "the house." -* **Gebalites** - "men from the city of Gebal" (See: UDB); Gebal was a city on a hill near Tyre in Lebanon. +"dug large, good stones out of the mountain and cut them to be the right shape" + +# Gebalites + +men from the city of Gebal (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/intro.md b/1ki/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ecf3337765 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Kings 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the beginning of the description of the building of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Building the temple ##### +Building the temple took a lot of work and cooperation. King Hiram of Tyre provided lumber for building the temple in exchange for wheat and olive oil. Solomon also had many people cutting rocks for the walls of the temple. +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/01.md b/1ki/06/01.md index a9cc442357..54b616ef1d 100644 --- a/1ki/06/01.md +++ b/1ki/06/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The narrator lists the dimensions of the temple. -## translationNotes +# Solomon began to build -* Scripture lists the dimensions of the temple. -* **Solomon began to build** - Solomon did not do the building himself; his servants did the work. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **in the month Ziv, which is the second month** - This was the second month in the calendar used by the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **cubits** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "Solomon commanded his workers to begin building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# 480th ... fourth + +These are the ordinal forms of 480 and 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the month of Ziv, which is the second month + +"Ziv" is the name of the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# sixty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and thirty cubits high + +"60 cubits long, 20 cubits wide, and 30 cubits high." A cubit is 46 centimeters. This can be written used modern measures. AT: "27.6 meters long, 9.2 meters wide, and 13.8 meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/03.md b/1ki/06/03.md index efdf64fe73..f2517ef4eb 100644 --- a/1ki/06/03.md +++ b/1ki/06/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The narrator continues to list the dimensions of the temple. -## translationNotes +# portico -* Scripture continues to list the dimensions of the temple. -* **portico** - An area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building's entrance door +an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building's entrance door. This portico was probably attached to the front part of the wall that surrounded the temple. + +# twenty cubits ... ten cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters ... 4.6 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# he made windows + +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "they made windows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/05.md b/1ki/06/05.md index 6f20335838..0f29b6b815 100644 --- a/1ki/06/05.md +++ b/1ki/06/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +The narrator continues to list the dimensions of the temple. -## translationNotes +# he built ... he made -* Scripture continues to list the dimensions of the temple. -* **the lowest story ... the middle ... the third** - This refers to the rooms in each story of the building. -* **he made offsets in the wall of the house** - They made ledges all around the amin building to support the beams of the small rooms. -* **beams** - A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "they built ... they made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he built rooms around it + +He built rooms on the outside of the outside wall around the main chamber. + +# The lowest story ... the middle ... the third + +This refers to the rooms in each story of the building. + +# five cubits ... six cubits ... seven cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 2.3 meters ... about 2.8 meters ... about 3.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# he made offsets in the wall of the house + +They made ledges all around the main building to support the beams of the small rooms. + +# beams + +A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/07.md b/1ki/06/07.md index 4cd759c73e..ceb037976f 100644 --- a/1ki/06/07.md +++ b/1ki/06/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the house -* [[en:tw:ax]] +Here "house" refers to God's house, the temple. -## translationNotes +# stones prepared at the quarry -* **the house** - Here "house" refers to God's house, the temple. -* **stones prepared at the quarry** - A quarry is where large stones are cut from a mountain and shaped with tools to be smooth. Stones were prepared at the quarry and brought to the temple. +A quarry is where people cut large stones from a mountain and shape them with tools so they are smooth. After they prepared the stones at the quarry, they brought them to the temple. + +# ground level ... middle level ... third level + +There were a total of three floors. Some languages call these "ground floor," "first floor," and "second floor." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/09.md b/1ki/06/09.md index 48434c475d..c8defacf9a 100644 --- a/1ki/06/09.md +++ b/1ki/06/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon built ... he covered ... He built -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cedar|cedar]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "Solomon's workers built ... they covered ... They built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# beams ... of cedar -* **Solomon build the temple and finished it** - Solomon did not do the building himself; his servants did the work. (See: Synecdoche) -* **He built the side rooms** - These are the same rooms that are referred to in [[:en:bible:notes:1ki:06:05]]. -* **beams and planks of cedar** - A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. A plank is a flat wooden board also used for building. -* **inner chambers** - "exterior walls" -* **timbers of cedar** - The word "timbers" is a general term that refers to wood used for building, such as beams and planks. +A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:6](./05.md). + +# planks ... of cedar + +A plank is a flat wooden board used for floors and walls. + +# He built the side rooms + +These are the same rooms that are referred to in [1 Kings 6:5](./05.md). + +# inner chambers + +This phrase is a metonym for the walls that enclosed the chambers. AT: "exterior walls that enclosed the inner chambers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# five cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# timbers of cedar + +The word "timbers" is a general term that refers to wood used for building, such as beams and planks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/11.md b/1ki/06/11.md index 474360813a..19bd838172 100644 --- a/1ki/06/11.md +++ b/1ki/06/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to Solomon, saying, -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Solomon. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Solomon:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# which you are building -* **walk in my statutes** - AT: "continually obey all my statutes" (UDB); Here "walk" is used to mean "live" or "obey." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **do justice** - This refers to obeying and carrying out God's laws or decrees. -* **keep all my commandments and walk in them** - He has said the same thing twice for emphasis. AT "carefully obey all I told you to do" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **confirm my promise** - God would confirm his promise by doing what he promised to do, or fulfilling his promise. -* **I will live** - AT: "My Spirit will dwell in the Temple" +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "which you are having your workers build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walk in my statutes + +The word "walk" is a metaphor for "live" or "obey." AT: "continually obey all my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do justice + +Possible meanings are 1) "carry out all of my laws" or 2) "treat the people whom you are ruling justly." + +# keep all my commandments and walk in them + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the importance of obeying God's commandments. AT "carefully obey all I tell you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will confirm my promise with you that I had made to David your father + +"I will do everything I promised David your father that I would do for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/14.md b/1ki/06/14.md index 495c9e23a1..c561956a14 100644 --- a/1ki/06/14.md +++ b/1ki/06/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon ... he built ... he covered them ... he covered the floor -* [[en:tw:cedar]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "Solomon's workers ... they built ... they covered them ... they covered the floor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# interior -* **Solomon** - "Solomon's workers"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **interior** - "inside" -* **cypress** - Cypress is a kind of wood that was used for building the temple. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +"inside" + +# cypress + +Cypress is a kind of wood that was used for building the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/16.md b/1ki/06/16.md index 56ae423eb3..ca8b151261 100644 --- a/1ki/06/16.md +++ b/1ki/06/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He built twenty cubits ... He built this room -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "He commanded them to build twenty cubits ... He had them build this room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# He built twenty cubits -* **cubit** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **main hall** - "main room" -* **gourds** - A type of hard, round vegetable that grows on a vine on the ground -* **open flowers** - AT: "blooming flowers" or "flowers that were open" +"He built a room twenty cubits long" + +# twenty cubits ... forty cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters ... 18.4 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# main hall + +"main room" + +# gourds + +a type of hard, round vegetable that grows on a vine on the ground + +# open flowers + +"blooming flowers" or "flowers that were open" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/19.md b/1ki/06/19.md index 2ea492450e..6b6efc71ad 100644 --- a/1ki/06/19.md +++ b/1ki/06/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon prepared ... Solomon overlaid -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They prepared ... They overlaid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty cubits -* **covered the altar with cedar wood** - This altar would be used for burning incense. +"9.2 meters" + +# covered the altar with cedar wood + +This altar would be used for burning incense. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/21.md b/1ki/06/21.md index eefe2b4ae1..d812e8b794 100644 --- a/1ki/06/21.md +++ b/1ki/06/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon overlaid ... he placed ... He overlaid ... He also overlaid -* [[en:tw:Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They overlaid ... they placed ... They overlaid ... They also overlaid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# overlaid -* **overlaid** - "covered" (UDB) -* **altar that belonged to the most holy place** - "altar of incense at the entrance to the most holy place" +"covered" + +# altar that belonged to the inner room + +"altar of incense at the entrance to the inner room" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/23.md b/1ki/06/23.md index a17583d393..adb058d80e 100644 --- a/1ki/06/23.md +++ b/1ki/06/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon made -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Solomon commanded them to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# olivewood -* **olivewood** - "wood from an olive tree" -* **wingspan** - the distance from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other wing -* **dimensions** - "size" +"wood from an olive tree" + +# ten cubits ... five cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "4.6 meters ... 2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# wingspan + +the distance from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other wing + +# dimensions + +"size" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/27.md b/1ki/06/27.md index 5f5f7d9e76..8c0d4a98d6 100644 --- a/1ki/06/27.md +++ b/1ki/06/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon placed ... Solomon overlaid -* [[en:tw:Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They placed ... They overlaid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# innermost room -* **Solomon placed ... Solomon overlaid** - The word "Solomon" in these verses refers to "Solomon's workers"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **innermost room** - another name for most holy place -* **overlaid** - "covered" (UDB) +another name for the most holy place + +# overlaid + +"covered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/29.md b/1ki/06/29.md index f73bab5a61..e6f296eeaa 100644 --- a/1ki/06/29.md +++ b/1ki/06/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He carved ... Solomon overlaid -* [[en:tw:Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "He commanded them to carve ... He had them overlay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# overlaid -* **figures** - shapes +covered \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/31.md b/1ki/06/31.md index d597045e73..468421f3db 100644 --- a/1ki/06/31.md +++ b/1ki/06/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon made ... he made ... he made ... He overlaid ... he spread -* [[en:tw:Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They made ... they made ... they made ... They overlaid ... they spread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# lintel -* **Solomon made** - "Solomon's workers made"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **lintel** - upper horizontal support of a door frame -* **indented sections** - toothlike notches on each of five sections -* **overlaid** - "covered" (UDB) +beam across the top of a door frame + +# indented sections + +toothlike notches on each of five sections + +# overlaid + +"covered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/33.md b/1ki/06/33.md index 3375591bb3..281313c8ba 100644 --- a/1ki/06/33.md +++ b/1ki/06/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon also made ... He carved ... he evenly overlaid -* [[en:tw:Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They also made ... They carved ... they evenly overlaid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# In this way, Solomon also made for the temple entrance doorposts of olive wood having four indented sections and two doors of cypress wood -* **In this way, Solomon also made for temple entrance doorposts** - AT "Solomon also made doorposts for the temple entrance" -* **indented sections** - tooth-like notches -* **leaves of one door** - This means each door had two sections that were hinged together. +"Solomon also made doorposts of olive wood for the temple entrance, with four indented sections and two doors of cypress wood, in the same way" + +# indented sections + +tooth-like notches + +# The two leaves of the one door + +This means each door had two sections connected by hinges so they could fold together. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/36.md b/1ki/06/36.md index 732e2f07da..a9535cfc8a 100644 --- a/1ki/06/36.md +++ b/1ki/06/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He built the inner court -* [[en:tw:Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They built the inner court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# cedar beams -* **He built the inner court** - AT: "Solomon built the walls of the inner court" or "Solomon's workers built the walls of the inner court"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **cedar beams** - large wooden structural supports made of wood from the cedar tree +A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:6](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/37.md b/1ki/06/37.md index cc6f739064..4913f61a30 100644 --- a/1ki/06/37.md +++ b/1ki/06/37.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the fourth year ... the eleventh year -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The words "fourth" and "eleventh" are the ordinal forms of "four" and "eleven." You may need to make explicit the event from which the writer counts the years. AT: "the fourth year after Solomon became king ... the eleventh year after Solomon became king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# house of Yahweh -* **house of Yahweh** - the temple (UDB) -* **Ziv** - early May -* **Bul** - middle of October +"the temple" + +# in the month of Ziv + +"Ziv" is the name of the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the month of Bul, which is the eighth month + +"Bul" is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the house was finished in all its parts and conforming to all its specifications + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they finished building every part of the house. They built it exactly the way Solomon had told them to build it" + +# Solomon took + +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "It took Solomon's workers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/intro.md b/1ki/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..922c355235 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Kings 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Building the temple ##### +Solomon built the temple in seven years. The outside walls were made of rock. Solomon shaped the rocks for the wall in the quarry and then assembled them at the temple site. The inside was covered with wood. Inside the temple was a room covered by gold, which was the Most Holy Place where the ark was housed under statues of angels. It represented the presence of God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/01.md b/1ki/07/01.md index 21be543021..321a2ff7a5 100644 --- a/1ki/07/01.md +++ b/1ki/07/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +The author is writing about Solomon's palace. -## translationNotes +# Solomon took ... He built -* The author is writing about Solomon's palace. -* **cubit** - about 46 centimeters; (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **Solomon took thirteen years to build his own palace.** - Because Solomon was the king, others did the work for him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **his own palace** - If your language does not have a word for "palace," you may translate this as "house" or "big house." -* **the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon** - AT: "the House of the Forest of Lebanon" or "the house called the House of the Lebanon Forest" -* **beam** - a long piece of strong wood usually used as a support for a roof +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "It took Solomon's workers ... He commanded them to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his own palace + +If your language does not have a word for "palace," you may translate this as "house" or "big house." + +# the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon + +"the house called the House of the Lebanon Forest" + +# one hundred cubits ... fifty cubits ... thirty cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "46 meters ... 23 meters ... 13.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# beams + +A beam is a long piece of strong wood used to support walls and roofs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/03.md b/1ki/07/03.md index 6351e4bc8d..5ee4d22a1d 100644 --- a/1ki/07/03.md +++ b/1ki/07/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +Some details are given about the structure of the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon. -## translationNotes +# The house was roofed with cedar that rested on beams -* Some details are given about the structure of the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon. -* **The roof was made of cedar** - AT: "To support the roof there were cedar beams" (UDB) -* **beam** - a long piece of strong wood usually used as a support for a roof -* **the doors and posts were made square** - "had rectangular frames" (see UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The carpenters built a roof from cedar planks and attached them to beams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# beams + +long pieces of strong wood usually used to support a roof + +# were made square + +"had rectangular frames" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/06.md b/1ki/07/06.md index 394e1509cb..c96e7210de 100644 --- a/1ki/07/06.md +++ b/1ki/07/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +The author writes about the structure of the Hall of Pillars. -## translationNotes +# colonnade -* The author writes about the structure of the Hall of Pillars. -* **portico** - an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building's entrance door. (See how you translated "portico" in [[:en:bible:notes:1ki:06:03]]) +a series of columns, all the same distance apart + +# fifty cubits ... thirty cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "23 meters ... 13.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# portico + +an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building's entrance door. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:3](../06/03.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/07.md b/1ki/07/07.md index 4712067315..fe65894fb8 100644 --- a/1ki/07/07.md +++ b/1ki/07/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +The author writes about the hall of the throne. -## translationNotes +# Solomon built -* The author writes about the Hall of the Throne. -* **Solomon built the hall of the throne** - AT: "Solomon had a house built called The Kings Chair House." -* **It was covered with cedar** - AT: "The workers covered the hall with cedar wood"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from floor to floor** - Some ancient translations say "from the floor to the rafters" (ceiling). (See UDB). +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Solomon had them build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hall of the throne + +Possible meanings are 1) "the house in which he was going to place his throne" or 2) "a house named The King's Chair House" + +# It was covered with cedar + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers covered the floor with cedar wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from floor to floor + +This refers to the entire floor. AT: "from one wall to the other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/08.md b/1ki/07/08.md index bf77d5098f..c101629582 100644 --- a/1ki/07/08.md +++ b/1ki/07/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +The author continues to write about the palace area. -## translationNotes +# Solomon's house in which he was to live, in another courtyard within the palace grounds, was similarly designed -* The author continues to write about the palace area. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Solomon had someone design the house in which he was to live, in another courtyard within the palace grounds, in the same way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He also built + +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "He also commanded them to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/09.md b/1ki/07/09.md index 28b86cebbd..3c711f6e25 100644 --- a/1ki/07/09.md +++ b/1ki/07/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:foundation|foundation, founded]] +The writer is writing about the stones used for the buildings. -## translationNotes +# These buildings were adorned with costly hewn stones -* The writer is writing about the stones used for the buildings. -* **These buildings were adorned with costly,hewn stones,** - AT: "The workers adorned the buildings with costly, hewn stones." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **hewn stones, precisely measured and cut . . . and smoothed** - AT: "The workers measured and cut the stones exactly, and made them smooth." (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **These stones were used** - AT: "The workers used these stones" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **on the foundation to the stones on top, and also on the outside to the great court.** - The author is emphasizing that the the workers used expensive stones for the foundations and all the buildings. -* **The foundation was constructed** - AT: "The workers constructed the foundation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **cubit** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers adorned the buildings with costly, hewn stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# hewn stones, precisely measured and cut with a saw and smoothed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "hewn stones, that workers had precisely measured and cut with a saw and smoothed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# These stones were used + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers used these stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the foundation to the stones on top, and also on the outside to the great court + +The author is emphasizing that the workers used expensive stones for the foundations and all the buildings. + +# The foundation was constructed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers constructed the foundation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# eight and ten cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 3.7 meters and 4.6 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/11.md b/1ki/07/11.md index 0b1aac8015..d8b4ef2662 100644 --- a/1ki/07/11.md +++ b/1ki/07/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# cedar beams -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +A beam is a long piece of wood used for structural support. -## translationNotes +# three rows of cut stone and a row of cedar beams -* **cedar beams** - A beam is a long piece of wood used for structural support. -* **three rows of cut stone and a row of cedar beams** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:06:36]]. +See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:36](../06/36.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/13.md b/1ki/07/13.md index 960ccdb8df..0700f7296f 100644 --- a/1ki/07/13.md +++ b/1ki/07/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# brought him from Tyre -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Huram accepted Solomon's invitation to come to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the son of a widow ... his father was a man of Tyre -* **brought him from Tyre** - Huram accepted Solomon's invitation to come to Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the son of a widow...his father was a man of Tyre** - A widow is a woman whose husband has died, so we know that the father is dead. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Huram was filled with wisdom and understanding and skill** - The words "wisdom and understanding" mean basically the same thing are are used together for emphasis. AT: "God filled Huram with wisdom, understanding and skill" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +A widow is a woman whose husband has died, so we know that the father is dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Huram was filled with wisdom and understanding and skill + +This can be stated in active form. The words "wisdom and understanding" mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. Yahweh giving such things as wisdom is spoken of as if they were liquids that Yahweh had poured into a container, and Huram is spoken of as if he were that container. AT: "Yahweh had given Huram wisdom, understanding, and skill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/15.md b/1ki/07/15.md index f6e2fedff3..23c9658214 100644 --- a/1ki/07/15.md +++ b/1ki/07/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# eighteen cubits ... twelve cubits ... five cubits -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +A cubit is about 46 centimeters. AT: "about 8.3 meters ... 5.5 meters ... 2.3 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# in circumference -* **eighteen cubits high** - A cubit is about 46 centimeters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **twelve cubits in circumference** - "Circumference" is the distance or measurement around a circular object or area. -* **He made two capitals** - Here, "capitals" refers to decorations on top of the pillars. -* **burnished bronze** - The bronze was polished and bright. -* **Checker latticework and wreaths of chain work** - "Crossed metal strips woven together and metal chains twisted together" +Circumference is the distance or measurement around a circular object or area. + +# two capitals + +decorations on top of each of the two pillars + +# polished bronze + +They polished the bronze so that it would reflect sunlight. "gleaming bronze" + +# Checker latticework and wreaths of chain work + +"Crossed metal strips woven together and metal chains twisted together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/18.md b/1ki/07/18.md index 64c7f71bf9..2d14859ebb 100644 --- a/1ki/07/18.md +++ b/1ki/07/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Huram made -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Huram commanded his workers to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# two rows of pomegranates -* **two rows of pomegranates** - A "pomegranate" is a fruit with a hard, red rind and many juicy seeds inside. Huram did not use real pomegranates to decorate the pillars. He made them out of bronze. -* **The capitals...were decorated with lilies, four cubits high** - Lilies are funnel-shaped flowers. AT: "Huram decorated the capitals with bronze lilies, four cubits high..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the tops of the portico** - See how you translated "portico" in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:07:06]]. +A pomegranate is a fruit with a hard, red rind and many juicy seeds inside. Huram did not use real pomegranates to decorate the pillars. He made them out of bronze. + +# The capitals ... were decorated with lilies, four cubits high + +Lilies are plants whose flowers are wide at one end and very narrow at the other end. These words can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram decorated the capitals ... with bronze lilies, four cubits high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the tops of the portico + +Translate "portico" as in [1 Kings 7:6](./06.md). + +# four cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 1.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/20.md b/1ki/07/20.md index be14f5216e..dfea9a908d 100644 --- a/1ki/07/20.md +++ b/1ki/07/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# two hundred pomegranates -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"200 pomegranates." A pomegranate is a fruit with a hard, red rind and many juicy seeds inside. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 7:18](./18.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# He raised up -* **two hundred pomegranates** - "200 pomegranates" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **He raised up the pillars** - Here, the word "He" refers to Huram's workers. AT: "Huram's workers erected the pillars" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The pillar on the right hand was named Jakin** - AT: "The name of the pillar on the right side was Jakin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the pillar on the left hand was named Boaz** - AT: "The name of the pillar on the left side was Boaz" -* **The fashioning of the pillars was done** - AT: "Huram did the fashioning of the pillars" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They raised up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The pillar on the right was named Jakin + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The name of the pillar on the right side was Jakin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the pillar on the left was named Boaz + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The name of the pillar on the left side was Boaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The fashioning of the pillars was done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram fashioned the pillars" or "Huram's men fashioned the pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/23.md b/1ki/07/23.md index 9e9f8f6e80..9cd3e29372 100644 --- a/1ki/07/23.md +++ b/1ki/07/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Huram made +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Huram also commanded them to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the round sea -* **the round sea** - This refers to a bronze tank or basin which would hold water. -* **cast metal** - Huram melted the bronze and formed it in a mold. -* **ten cubits from brim to brim** - A cubit is about 46 centimeters. "ten cubits from one edge to the other" (See:[[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **thirty cubits in circumference** - “Circumference” is the distance or measurement around a circular object or area. -* **encircling the sea were gourds** - A gourd is a type of hard, round vegetable that grows on a vine on the ground. -* **when the sea itself was cast** - AT: "when Huram cast the sea itself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to a bronze tank or basin that would hold water. + +# cast metal + +Huram melted the bronze and formed it in a mold. + +# ten cubits ... five cubits ... thirty cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "4.6 meters ... 2.3 meters ... 13.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# from brim to brim + +"from one edge to the other" + +# in circumference + +Circumference is the distance or measurement around a circular object or area. + +# encircling the sea were gourds + +A gourd is a type of hard, round vegetable that grows on a vine on the ground. + +# when that basin was cast + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when Huram cast that basin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/25.md b/1ki/07/25.md index 3e8ba43eab..6b285152d3 100644 --- a/1ki/07/25.md +++ b/1ki/07/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The Sea -* [[en:tw:ox]] +This refers to the bronze tank or basin that held water for sacrifices. -## translationNotes +# stood on -* **The sea** - This refers to a bronze tank or basin which would hold water. -* **stood on** - "was on top of" -* **The sea was set on top of them** - AT: "Huram's workers set the sea on top of the bronze oxen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **its brim was forged like the brim of a cup, like a lily blossom** - AT: Huram forged the brim to look like the brim of a cup, to curve outward like a lily" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **two thousand baths** - A bath is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"was on top of" + +# "The Sea" was set on top of them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram's workers set 'The Sea' on top of the bronze oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# hindquarters + +This is the back quarter of the body of an animal with four feet. + +# its brim was forged like the brim of a cup, like a lily blossom + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram forged the brim to look like the brim of a cup, to curve outward like a lily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# two thousand baths + +A bath is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "2,000 baths" or "44,000 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/27.md b/1ki/07/27.md index c25d1f184a..02dd7bc57c 100644 --- a/1ki/07/27.md +++ b/1ki/07/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Huram made -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Huram also commanded them to make" or "They also made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# four cubits ... three cubits -* **four cubits long** - A cubit was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **The work of the stands was like this** - This means the author will describe the stands in the words that follow. -* **on the panels and on the frames were lions, oxen, and cherubim** - There were decorative pieces in the shapes of lions, oxen, and cherubim fastened to the sides of the stands. -* **wreaths of hammered work** - Here the word "wreath" refers to spiral-shaped pieces of bronze. +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 1.8 meters ... about 1.4 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The work of the stands was like this + +This means the author will describe the stands in the words that follow. + +# on the panels and on the frames were lions, oxen, and cherubim + +There were decorative pieces in the shapes of lions, oxen, and cherubim fastened to the sides of the stands. + +# wreaths of hammered work + +Here the word "wreaths" refers to spiral-shaped pieces of bronze. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/30.md b/1ki/07/30.md index e5f28da22b..b8273260ea 100644 --- a/1ki/07/30.md +++ b/1ki/07/30.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# four bronze wheels and axles +There was one axle for each pair of wheels. AT: "four bronze wheels and two axles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# its four corners -* **four bronze wheels and axles** - There was one axle for each pair of wheels. AT: "four bronze wheels and two axles" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **its four corners** - "the four corners of each stand" -* **The supports were cast with wreaths** - Each support was cast as one piece with the wreaths. AT: "Huram cast the supports with spiral-shaped pieces" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a crown that rose up** - Here the word "crown" refers to the circular piece at the top of the stand's opening that held the basin. -* **their panels were square** - "the panels of the stands." This phrase returns to the description of the panels that began in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:07:27]]. +"the four corners of each stand" + +# The supports were cast with wreaths + +Each support was cast as one piece with the wreaths. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram cast the supports with spiral-shaped pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a cubit and a half ... a cubit + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 70 centimeters ... about 50 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# a crown that rose up + +Here the word "crown" refers to the circular piece at the top of the stand's opening that held the basin. + +# their panels were square + +"the panels of the stands were square." This phrase returns to the description of the panels that began in [1 Kings 7:28-29](./27.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/32.md b/1ki/07/32.md index 2a5e86b0fb..cdb67514dd 100644 --- a/1ki/07/32.md +++ b/1ki/07/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# their housings -* [[en:tw:chariot]] +Here the word "their" refers to the axles. The word "housings" refers to the casings into which the axles were inserted. -## translationNotes +# a cubit and a half -* **their housings** - Here the word "their" refers to the axles. The word "housings" refers to the casings into which the axles were inserted. -* **The wheels were forged like chariot wheels** - AT: "Huram made the wheels like small chariot wheels" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **their housings, rims, spokes, and hubs** - Here the word "their" refers to the wheels. +A cubit was 46 centimeters. AT: "about 70 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The wheels were forged like chariot wheels + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram made the wheels like small chariot wheels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Their housings, rims, spokes, and hubs + +Here the word "Their" refers to the wheels. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/34.md b/1ki/07/34.md index 51afd59e53..aed4840287 100644 --- a/1ki/07/34.md +++ b/1ki/07/34.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# There were four handles at the four corners of each stand +"There was a handle at each of the four corners of each stand" -## translationNotes +# half a cubit deep -* **There were four handles at the four corners of each stand** - AT: "There was a handle at each of the four corners of each stand." -* **half a cubit deep** - "twenty-three centimeters wide." A cubit was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **on the top of the stand its supports and panels were attached** - AT: "Huram attached the supports and panels to the top of each stand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A cubit was 46 centimeters. AT: "twenty-three centimeters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# on the top of the stand its supports and panels were attached + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram attached the supports and panels to the top of each stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/36.md b/1ki/07/36.md index d304cc873d..6eb2c04b4d 100644 --- a/1ki/07/36.md +++ b/1ki/07/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Huram engraved ... He made -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "they engraved ... He commanded them to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# they were surrounded -* **they were surrounded** - Here the word "they" refers to the cherubim, lions, and palm trees. -* **surrounded by wreaths** - Here the word “wreaths” refers to spiral-shaped pieces of bronze. -* **All of them were cast in the same molds** - AT: "Huram cast all of the stands in the same mold" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they had one size, and the same shape** - "All of the stands were the same size and shape" +Here the word "they" refers to the cherubim, lions, and palm trees. + +# they were surrounded by wreaths + +The word "wreaths" refers to spiral-shaped pieces of bronze. This can be stated in active form. AT: "there were wreaths all around them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All of them were cast in the same molds + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram cast all of the stands in the same mold" or "They cast all of the stand in the same mold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they had one size, and the same shape + +"all of the stands were the same size and shape" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/38.md b/1ki/07/38.md index 23ad725102..0ffbd88f23 100644 --- a/1ki/07/38.md +++ b/1ki/07/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Huram made ten ... He made five ... He set -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Huram had them make ten ... Human had them make five ... Huram commanded them to set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# forty baths -* **forty baths** - A bath is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **on the east corner, facing toward the south of the temple** - "on the southeast corner of the temple" +A bath is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "about 88 liters" or "about 90 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# four cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 1.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the south-facing side ... the north-facing side + +"the south side ... the north side" + +# on the east corner, facing toward the south of the temple + +"near the the southeast corner of the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/40.md b/1ki/07/40.md index 6cc4fd2bc6..70292a84d7 100644 --- a/1ki/07/40.md +++ b/1ki/07/40.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Huram made ... he finished -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Huram had them make ... they finished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the bowl-like capitals -* **the bowl-like capitals** - like capitals** - The capitals shaped like bowls. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **decorative latticework** - "crossed metal strips woven together" +The capitals were shaped like bowls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# decorative latticework + +"crossed metal strips woven together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/42.md b/1ki/07/42.md index d105826eb8..7de4b53c82 100644 --- a/1ki/07/42.md +++ b/1ki/07/42.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He made +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# four hundred pomegranates -* **four hundred pomegranates** - "400 pomegranates" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"400 pomegranates." A pomegranate is a fruit with a hard, red rind and many juicy seeds inside. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 7:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/44.md b/1ki/07/44.md index 6ff7bdd9aa..8ff7a2877f 100644 --- a/1ki/07/44.md +++ b/1ki/07/44.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He made ... Huram made -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They made ... They made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# all the other implements -* **He had made** - Here the word "He" refers to Huram and his helpers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **all the other implements** - "all the other tools" +"all the other tools" + +# polished bronze + +bronze that was polished so that it would reflect light \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/46.md b/1ki/07/46.md index 98354274ff..74d72348fa 100644 --- a/1ki/07/46.md +++ b/1ki/07/46.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The king had cast them ... Solomon did not weigh -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:succoth]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "The king had his workers cast them ... Solomon did not have them weigh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# plain of the Jordan -* **The king had cast them** - AT: "The king had Huram and his workers cast them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **plain of the Jordan** - This refers to the flat land near the Jordan River. -* **between Succoth and Zarethan** - Here Succoth refers to the city located on the east side of the Jordan River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Solomon did not weigh all the implements** - AT: "Solomon did not have Huram and his workers weigh all the implements" -* **the weight of the bronze could not be known** - AT: "no one could know the weight of the bronze" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"flat land near the Jordan River" + +# Succoth ... Zarethan + +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the weight of the bronze could not be measured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one could measure the weight of the bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/48.md b/1ki/07/48.md index 8a45fb4e76..2426b15929 100644 --- a/1ki/07/48.md +++ b/1ki/07/48.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon had made -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Solomon's workers had made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# on which the bread of the presence was to be placed -* **Solomon made** - AT: "Solomon's workers made" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **on which the bread of the presence was to be placed** - AT: "on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the flowers, the lamps** - The "flowers" and "lamps" were part of the lampstands. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the flowers, the lamps + +The "flowers" and "lamps" were part of the lampstands. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/50.md b/1ki/07/50.md index c2285d18e0..9b7ef1b01f 100644 --- a/1ki/07/50.md +++ b/1ki/07/50.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# had made the cups ... all of which were made of pure gold -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "had his workers make all the cups ... out of pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# sockets of gold made for the doors -* **The cups...were all made of pure gold** - AT: "The workers made the cups...out of pure gold" (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Also the sockets...were all made of gold** - AT: "They also made the sockets...out of gold" -* **the sockets of the doors** - Here "socket" may refer to either 1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or 2) the hinges on which the doors hung. +Here "sockets" may refer to either 1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or 2) the hinges on which the doors hung. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/51.md b/1ki/07/51.md index 9abfd48da2..f50c95860d 100644 --- a/1ki/07/51.md +++ b/1ki/07/51.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the work that King Solomon directed for the house of Yahweh was finished -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the work that King Solomon did for the house of Yahweh was finished** - AT: "the workers finished the work that King Solomon had them do for the house of Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the workers finished the work that King Solomon had them do for the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/intro.md b/1ki/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9c4925203b --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 1 Kings 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has a description of the palace Solomon built and the materials used in the temple courtyard. It is the last chapter about the building of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bronze ##### +Solomon hired a man from Tyre who was good at casting things out of bronze. The bronze objects were made by hollowing out the shape of the object in clay and then pouring in the hot melted liquid bronze and letting it cool. He made two large pillars and a large water reservoir set on the backs of 12 bronze cows. He made all the instruments for use in the sacrifices outside the temple. He made the furnishing inside the temple out of gold. + +##### The temple and the palace ##### +Solomon spent 13 years building a palace for himself that was much bigger than the temple. It is significant that the house of Solomon was much larger than the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/01.md b/1ki/08/01.md index 635ae077c0..c5fa520d72 100644 --- a/1ki/08/01.md +++ b/1ki/08/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# assembled the elders of Israel -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"called together the leaders of Israel" -## translationNotes +# All the men of Israel -* **assembled the elders of Israel** - "called together the leaders of Israel" -* **All the men of Israel** - This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in v. 1, or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **at the feast** - This is a reference to the Feast of Succoth, also know as the Feast of Tabernacles or Feast of Shelters (UDB). -* **the month Ethanim** - This month of the Hebrew calendar ran from mid-September to mid-October. +This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 8:1 or 2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# at the feast + +This is a reference to the Feast of Succoth, also known as the Feast of Tabernacles or Feast of Shelters . + +# in the month of Ethanim, which is the seventh month + +"Ethanim" is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/03.md b/1ki/08/03.md index 5495e9186d..6fac02979c 100644 --- a/1ki/08/03.md +++ b/1ki/08/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all the assembly of Israel -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# sheep and oxen that could not be counted -* **that could not be counted** - AT: "that no one was able to count" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "more sheep and oxen than anyone would ever be able to count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/06.md b/1ki/08/06.md index 7f219bd04e..fe744b88df 100644 --- a/1ki/08/06.md +++ b/1ki/08/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# into the inner room of the house, to the most holy place, under -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"into the inner room of the house—that is, to the most holy place—under" -## translationNotes +# poles by which it was carried -* **into the inner room of the house, to the most holy place** - The second clause is used to clarify the first. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **poles by which it was carried** - AT: "poles by which the priests carried it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they could not be seen** - AT: "no one could see them" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "poles by which the priests carried it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their ends were seen ... they could not be seen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people could see their ends ... people could not see them" + +# this day + +This means the day on which the writer wrote. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/09.md b/1ki/08/09.md index 93aaf34101..c60f0094b6 100644 --- a/1ki/08/09.md +++ b/1ki/08/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/12.md b/1ki/08/12.md index 113f9f9637..aeff68b5af 100644 --- a/1ki/08/12.md +++ b/1ki/08/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh has said ... darkness -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Solomon speaks to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# lofty residence -* **lofty residence** - "exalted house" +beautiful building in which someone very important lives \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/14.md b/1ki/08/14.md index a6df51b79a..8d14534eba 100644 --- a/1ki/08/14.md +++ b/1ki/08/14.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all the assembly of Israel -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +"all the people of Israel who were gathered there" -## translationNotes +# May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised -* **May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised** - AT: "Praise Yahweh, the God of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **with his own hands** - "by his own power" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Praise Yahweh, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with his own hands + +The hand is a metonym for the power in the hand. AT: "by his own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in order for my name to be + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for ... name" refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "so that people would worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/17.md b/1ki/08/17.md index 82d955e917..57f3c62958 100644 --- a/1ki/08/17.md +++ b/1ki/08/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# it was in the heart of David my father ... it was in your heart ... for it to be in your heart -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +What David desired is spoken of as if it were an item in a container and the heart as if it were a container. AT: "David my father desired ... you desired ... to desire to do that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# for the name of Yahweh ... for my name -* **it was in the heart of David** - AT: "it was the desire of David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **one who will be born from your loins** - AT: "one who will be your own offspring" or "one whom you yourself will father" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for ... name" refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "in which people would worship Yahweh ... in which people will worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In that it was in your heart + +"Because you desired" + +# for it to be in your heart + +"by wanting to do that" + +# one who will be born from your loins + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "one who will be your own offspring" or "one whom you yourself will father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/20.md b/1ki/08/20.md index 06dc08b5ca..1996341a9b 100644 --- a/1ki/08/20.md +++ b/1ki/08/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# has carried out the word that he had said -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, fathers]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, arisen]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom. AT: "has done exactly what he said he would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I have arisen in the place of David my father -* **I sit on the throne of Israel** - AT: "I rule over Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Height is a metaphor for power. AT: "I have gained the power that David my father had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I sit on the throne of Israel + +The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. AT: "I rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the name of Yahweh + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for ... name" refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "in which people will worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is Yahweh's covenant, which + +The stone tablets on which Yahweh had written the terms of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. AT: "are the tablets on which Yahweh wrote the terms of the covenant that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/22.md b/1ki/08/22.md index 66a7cb9141..323b8f7f35 100644 --- a/1ki/08/22.md +++ b/1ki/08/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all the assembly of Israel -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +"all the people of Israel who were gathered there" -## translationNotes +# who keeps his covenant faithfulness with your servants -* **walk before you with all their heart** - AT: "live wholeheartedly the way that you want them to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **fulfilled it with your hand** - AT: "by your power fulfilled what you said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "who faithfully loves your servants" or "who is faithful to your covenant with your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# walk before you with all their heart + +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "live wholeheartedly the way that you want them to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fulfilled it with your hand + +The hand is a metonym for the power of the hand. AT: "by your power fulfilled what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/25.md b/1ki/08/25.md index 17f4eb614b..01d5f02375 100644 --- a/1ki/08/25.md +++ b/1ki/08/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to sit on the throne of Israel -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. AT: "to rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# walk before me ... have walked before me -* **to sit on the throne of Israel** - AT: "to rule over Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **walk before me** - AT: "live in obedience to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "live as I want you to ... have lived as I want you to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/27.md b/1ki/08/27.md index a85754d5cb..c4b480fe7d 100644 --- a/1ki/08/27.md +++ b/1ki/08/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But will God actually live on the earth? -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings of this question are 1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or 2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. AT: "But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# But will God -* **But will God actually live on the earth?** - AT: "But surely, it cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!" (see [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **this prayer of your servant and his request** - The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **listen to the cry and prayer that your servant prays** - This last part of the sentence says the same thing as the first part in order to emphasize it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here Solomon speaks about God in the third person. It can be stated in the second person. AT: "But will you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Look + +"What I am about to say is important" or "The truth is that" + +# you—how much less can this temple that I have built + +"you, so this temple that I have built certainly cannot contain you" + +# respect this prayer of your servant and his request + +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he makes his request. Solomon refers to himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "respect me, your servant, as I make this request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# listen to the cry and prayer that your servant prays before you today + +The words "cry" and "prayer" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he asks Yahweh to help him. Solomon refers to himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "listen to me, your servant, as I call today for you to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/29.md b/1ki/08/29.md index 0a021291b6..8e22a74dd5 100644 --- a/1ki/08/29.md +++ b/1ki/08/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# May your eyes be open toward -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The eye is a metonym for what the eye does. AT: "May you watch over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# night and day -* **May your eyes be open on** - AT: "May you watch over" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **night and day** - AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **name and presence** - These two words are used together for emphasis (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This is a merism. AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# My name and my presence + +These two words together emphasize that Yahweh will dwell in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that your servant will pray + +Solomon speaks of himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "that I, your servant, will pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# listen to the request of your servant and of your people Israel + +Solomon speaks of himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "listen to my request and the request of your people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/31.md b/1ki/08/31.md index 961127d5c4..3fec233925 100644 --- a/1ki/08/31.md +++ b/1ki/08/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# is required to swear -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone requires him to swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# upon his own head -* **is required to swear** - AT: "someone requires him to swear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **on his own head** - Here "head" refers to the whole person. AT: "on him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the reward for his righteousness** - AT: "what he deserves because of his innocence" +Here "head" refers to the whole person. AT: "on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# give to him according to his righteousness + +"to give him what he deserves because he is righteous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/33.md b/1ki/08/33.md index 8ead9f09c2..9a08eb8d28 100644 --- a/1ki/08/33.md +++ b/1ki/08/33.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# your people Israel are defeated by an enemy -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "an enemy defeats your people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# confess your name -* **your people Israel are defeated by an enemy** - AT: "an enemy defeats your people Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "confess that they have sinned against you" or 2) "praise you" or 3) "say that they will obey you from now on." + +# request forgiveness from you + +The abstract noun "forgiveness" can be translated as a verb. AT: "ask you to forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/35.md b/1ki/08/35.md index d1362b5ccd..0686bb6545 100644 --- a/1ki/08/35.md +++ b/1ki/08/35.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the skies are shut up and there is no rain -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain. AT: "you do not allow rain to fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# confess your name -* **the skies are shut up and there is no rain** - The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **in which they should walk** - "that they should live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "confess that they have sinned against you" or 2) "praise you" or 3) "say that they will obey you from now on." See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](./33.md). + +# in which they should walk + +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "that they should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/37.md b/1ki/08/37.md index 2f76fba036..29ca7ca47b 100644 --- a/1ki/08/37.md +++ b/1ki/08/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# blight or mildew -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +These are agricultural terms that refer to the death of crops from either too little or too much rain, respectively. -## translationNotes +# locusts or caterpillars -* **blight or mildew** - These are agricultural terms that refer to the death of crops from either too little or too much rain, respectively. -* **locusts or caterpillars** - A "locust" is a type of grasshopper that causes destruction by eating crops. The word "caterpillar" refers to an early growth stage of the locust. -* **prayers and requests are made by a person or by all your people Israel** - AT: "a person, or all your people Israel, prays and makes a request" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **knowing the plague in his own heart** - Possible meanings are: "knowing the sin in his own heart" or "knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin." +A "locust" is a type of grasshopper that causes destruction by eating crops. The word "caterpillar" refers to an early growth stage of the locust. + +# prayers and requests are made by a person or by all your people Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person, or all your people Israel, prays and makes a request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# prayers and requests + +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person is sincere as he makes his request. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](./27.md). AT: "requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# knowing the plague in his own heart + +Possible meanings are 1) The person's sin is spoken of as if it were a plague. AT: "knowing the sin in his own heart" or 2) The "plague" is a metonym for the sins that the disasters are a punishment for. AT: "knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/39.md b/1ki/08/39.md deleted file mode 100644 index 35d4ac1f8c..0000000000 --- a/1ki/08/39.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk diff --git a/1ki/08/41.md b/1ki/08/41.md index 1f22c44091..9efb198f15 100644 --- a/1ki/08/41.md +++ b/1ki/08/41.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# your mighty hand, and your raised arm -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# this house I have built is called by your name -* **your mighty hand, and your raised arm** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to God's power (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **this house I have built is called by your name** - The phrase "called by your name" indicates possession and ownership. AT: "you own this house that I have built" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The phrase "is called by your name" shows that God possesses and owns the house. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you own this house that I have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/44.md b/1ki/08/44.md index 363596b6b3..e6abff72b1 100644 --- a/1ki/08/44.md +++ b/1ki/08/44.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Suppose that your people go out ... suppose that they pray -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# for your name -* **their prayer, their request** - The two words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for ... name" refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "in which people will worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their prayer and their request + +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people are sincere as they make their request. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](./27.md). AT: "their request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/46.md b/1ki/08/46.md index b435ecebfd..fc17794914 100644 --- a/1ki/08/46.md +++ b/1ki/08/46.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Suppose that they sin ... suppose that you are ... suppose that they realize ... suppose that they repent ... Suppose that they say -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# where they have been exiled -* **where they have been exiled** - AT: "where their enemies have exiled them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the land of their captors** - The word "captors" refers to people who keep others as prisoners. -* **perversely and sinned** - The words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where their enemies have taken them as exiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# captors + +people who keep others as prisoners + +# We have acted perversely and sinned. We have behaved wickedly + +These two sentences mean the same thing. Together they emphasize how bad the people's actions were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# acted perversely and sinned + +The words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the people sinned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/48.md b/1ki/08/48.md index d897ea64fd..b19e53fabd 100644 --- a/1ki/08/48.md +++ b/1ki/08/48.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# with all their heart and with all their soul -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away, return]] +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." These two phrases have similar meanings. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 2:4](../02/01.md). AT: "with all their being" or "with all their energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# in the land -* **with all their heart and with all their soul** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:02:01]]. -* **toward their land** - Here "their land" refers to the land of those who are praying, that is, Israel. +"while they are living in the land" + +# toward their land + +"toward the land in which they belong." This refers to Israel. + +# for your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for ... name" refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "in which people will worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/49.md b/1ki/08/49.md index 092141ed0c..0fe8882ed2 100644 --- a/1ki/08/49.md +++ b/1ki/08/49.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# their prayer and their request -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +The two words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that the people were sincere as they made their request to Yahweh. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](./27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# Forgive your people who have sinned against you, and all their transgressions that they have committed against you -* **their prayer, their requests** - The two words “prayer” and “requests” mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **and all their sins with which they have transgressed against your commands** - This part of the sentence says basically the same thing as the first part in order to emphasize it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Solomon twice requests Yahweh to forgive the people. This emphasizes the earnestness of his request. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/51.md b/1ki/08/51.md index 9692fe990f..5cf87b4f89 100644 --- a/1ki/08/51.md +++ b/1ki/08/51.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# a furnace where iron is forged -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:furnace]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a furnace where people forge iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# your eyes may be open -* **a furnace where iron is forged** - AT: "a furnace where people forge iron" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your eyes may be open** - AT: "you will pay attention" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The eye is a metonym for the person. AT: "you will pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/54.md b/1ki/08/54.md index ae4dad42db..035e9404b2 100644 --- a/1ki/08/54.md +++ b/1ki/08/54.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# prayer and request -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he makes his request. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](./27.md). AT: "request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# May Yahweh be praised -* **prayer and request** - The two words “prayer” and “requests” mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **May Yahweh be praised** - "Praise Yahweh" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Not one word has failed out of all Yahweh's good promises + +This can be stated positively. AT: "Yahweh has made every word of his good promises come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/57.md b/1ki/08/57.md index b09c5fe0da..657757c97a 100644 --- a/1ki/08/57.md +++ b/1ki/08/57.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# leave us or forsake us -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Solomon's desire for Yahweh to be present with the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# incline our hearts to him -* **leave us or forsake us** - The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **incline our hearts to him** - AT: "make us devoted to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **live in all his ways** - AT: "live as he requires us to live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here their "hearts" refer to the people's desires and emotions. Desiring to please someone is spoken of as inclining the heart toward that person. AT: "make us want to please him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# live in all his ways + +Here "in his ways" is an idiom that refers to the way he wants people to live. AT: "live as he requires us to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/59.md b/1ki/08/59.md index ca8f3f34ec..cbb6f0a54f 100644 --- a/1ki/08/59.md +++ b/1ki/08/59.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# day and night -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This merism refers to "all the time" or "continually." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# let your heart be true -* **day and night** - AT: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **let your heart be true** - AT: "be wholly devoted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"be wholly devoted" + +# walk in his statutes + +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "always obey his statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/62.md b/1ki/08/62.md index a937f41b9a..099b77b8e4 100644 --- a/1ki/08/62.md +++ b/1ki/08/62.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel with him ... all the people of Israel -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +These generalizations may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](./01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty-two thousand oxen -* **all Israel with him** - This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:08:01]], or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"22,000 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 120,000 sheep + +"one hundred twenty thousand sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/64.md b/1ki/08/64.md index 32ce5d6e93..fb546e7c2a 100644 --- a/1ki/08/64.md +++ b/1ki/08/64.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the bronze altar that was before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the bronze altar that was before Yahweh** - Since the temple is Yahweh's dwelling place among his people, the altar is described as in his presence. AT: "the bronze altar that was in Yahweh's presence" +"the bronze altar that was in Yahweh's presence." Since the temple is Yahweh's dwelling place among his people, the altar is described as being in his presence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/65.md b/1ki/08/65.md index 6b97f7bfb9..53b149c5e5 100644 --- a/1ki/08/65.md +++ b/1ki/08/65.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel with him -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +This generalization may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](./01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:62](./62.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# seven days ... seven days ... fourteen days -* **all Israel with him** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:08:62]]. -* **seven days...seven days...fourteen days** - AT: "7 days...7 days...14 days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **joyful and glad** - The two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"7 days ... 7 days ... 14 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# eighth day + +The word "eighth" is the ordinal form of "8." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# joyful and glad + +The two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/intro.md b/1ki/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..41eea3975f --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Kings 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The ark is placed in the new temple. This is a very significant event in the history of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Celebration of the temple's completion ##### +When the temple was finished, Solomon told all of the people to come to Jerusalem. They took the ark out of the tent and brought it to the temple. Then Solomon prayed that God would hear and answer prayers made to him when they faced towards the temple. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### +Solomon prayed that God would respond to people's prayers using an idiom: "that your eyes may be open to the request of your servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/01.md b/1ki/09/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 40a449848c..0000000000 --- a/1ki/09/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk diff --git a/1ki/09/03.md b/1ki/09/03.md index e020904c4d..65c7264df1 100644 --- a/1ki/09/03.md +++ b/1ki/09/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# your prayer and your request -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh recognized that Solomon's request was sincere. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](../08/27.md). AT: "your request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# to put my name there forever -* **to put my name there forever** - AT: "to dwell there and to claim possession of it forever." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my eyes and my heart will be there** - AT: "I will protect and care for it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **my eyes and my heart** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The name is a metonym for the person. AT: "to dwell there and to claim possession of it forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My eyes and my heart will be there + +The eyes and heart are synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I will protect and care for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/04.md b/1ki/09/04.md index 6c63b90c1c..ea4a1ec564 100644 --- a/1ki/09/04.md +++ b/1ki/09/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# if you walk before me as David your father walked -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "if you live the way I want you to live, just as David your father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in integrity of heart and in uprightness -* **if you walk before me as David your father walked** - AT: "if you live the way I want you to live, just as David your father did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in integrity of heart and in uprightness** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the throne of your kingdom** - AT: "your dynasty" or "your reign" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will never fail to be on the throne of Israel** - AT: "will always rule over Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how righteous David was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the throne of your kingdom + +Here "throne" refers to his reign. AT: "your dynasty" or "your reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will never fail to be on the throne of Israel + +The action of ruling a kingdom is spoken of as if it were a person sitting on a throne. This can be expressed positively. AT: "will always rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/06.md b/1ki/09/06.md index 0562eebcf7..733dc4b21e 100644 --- a/1ki/09/06.md +++ b/1ki/09/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# my commandments and my statutes -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Here the words "commandments" and "statutes" mean basically the same thing and emphasize all that Yahweh has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# worship other gods and bow down to them -* **my commandments and my statutes** - Here the words "commandments" and "statutes" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **worship other gods and bow down to them** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **consecrated for my name** - AT: "set apart for myself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will cast it out of my sight** - AT: "I will reject it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# set apart to my name + +Here the word "name" is a metonym for the person who possesses something. AT: "set apart for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will cast it out of my sight + +The abstract noun "sight" can be expressed with the verb "see." Looking at something is a metaphor for protecting it. AT: "I will put it where I no longer have to see it" or "I will get rid of it so I no longer have to protect it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/08.md b/1ki/09/08.md index 0315cff2d7..3eb212465d 100644 --- a/1ki/09/08.md +++ b/1ki/09/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This temple will become a heap of ruins -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"This temple will be destroyed and its remains will be piled into a high mound" -## translationNotes +# will be shocked and will hiss -* **though this temple is so lofty** - AT: "though this temple is very big and beautiful" -* **will be shocked and will hiss** - AT: "will express amazement and make-a-sound-of-disrespect" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **bowed down to them and worshiped them** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will express amazement and make a sound of disrespect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bowed down to them and worshiped them + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase "bowed down to them" describes the posture that people used in worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/10.md b/1ki/09/10.md index fb4c5bbc68..1de735c3c9 100644 --- a/1ki/09/10.md +++ b/1ki/09/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way of doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# at the end of twenty years -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **at the end of twenty years** - AT: "after 20 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Solomon had finished building** - AT: "Solomon's workers had finished building" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"after 20 years" + +# Solomon had finished building + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/12.md b/1ki/09/12.md index 97bd44e1da..27844d98a4 100644 --- a/1ki/09/12.md +++ b/1ki/09/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# What cities are these which you have given me, my brother? -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +Hiram is rebuking Solomon. This questions can be translated as a statement. AT: "These cities that you have given me are good for nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# which they are still called today -* **What cities are these which you have given me, my brother?** - AT: "These cities that you have given me are good for nothing." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **which they are still called today** - AT: "and people still call them that today" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **120 talents of gold** - A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: "about 4,000 kilograms of gold" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and people still call them that today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 120 talents of gold + +"one hundred and twenty talents of gold." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "about 4,000 kilograms of gold." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/15.md b/1ki/09/15.md index 0dac762101..4dd60f2f16 100644 --- a/1ki/09/15.md +++ b/1ki/09/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the account of the forced labor which King Solomon imposed -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the account of Solomon requiring men to work" -## translationNotes +# the Millo -* **the reason for the requirement to work which king Solomon imposed** - AT: "the reason that king Solomon required men to work" -* **to build the Millo** - Possible meanings are 1) "to build the terrace system" or 2) "to build the landfill" (UDB). -* **Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up** - AT: "The army of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, had gone up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "the terrace system" or 2) "the landfill." + +# Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up + +The person is a metonym for the army he commands. AT: "The army of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, had gone up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/17.md b/1ki/09/17.md index 904d405a9d..df4c2e647b 100644 --- a/1ki/09/17.md +++ b/1ki/09/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# So Solomon rebuilt Gezer -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] - -## translationNotes - -* **So Solomon rebuilt Gezer** - AT: "So Solomon's workers rebuilt Gezer" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/20.md b/1ki/09/20.md deleted file mode 100644 index 74d497e33b..0000000000 --- a/1ki/09/20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk diff --git a/1ki/09/22.md b/1ki/09/22.md index 301c503a0a..5adf47cc99 100644 --- a/1ki/09/22.md +++ b/1ki/09/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon made no forced laborers of the people of Israel -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Solomon made no forced laborers of the people of Israel** - AT: "Solomon did not force the people of Israel to labor" +"Solomon did not force the people of Israel to labor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/23.md b/1ki/09/23.md index cb80539217..1ca76ff005 100644 --- a/1ki/09/23.md +++ b/1ki/09/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# 550 of them -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* **550 of them** - AT: "five hundred and fifty of them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"five hundred and fifty of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/24.md b/1ki/09/24.md index ed2822b4a3..ddc3a5ebb6 100644 --- a/1ki/09/24.md +++ b/1ki/09/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# built the Millo -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **built the Millo** - See how you translated "the Millo" in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:09:15]]. +Possible meanings are 1) "built the terrace system" or 2) "built the landfill." See how you translated "the Millo" in [1 Kings 9:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/25.md b/1ki/09/25.md index 635e853695..f560527796 100644 --- a/1ki/09/25.md +++ b/1ki/09/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# altar that was before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 8:64](../08/64.md). -## translationNotes +# So he completed the temple -* **altar that was before Yahweh** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:08:64]]. -* **So he completed the temple** - AT: "So his workers completed the temple" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Solomon is a metonym for the workers he hired to do the work. AT: "So his workers completed the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/26.md b/1ki/09/26.md index 2fef62f29d..63b4d6e03b 100644 --- a/1ki/09/26.md +++ b/1ki/09/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# King Solomon built -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# a fleet of ships -* **King Solomon built** - AT: "King Solomon's workers built" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a fleet of ships** - "a large group of ships" -* **420 talents of gold** - A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: “about 14,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +"a large group of ships" + +# 420 talents of gold + +"four hundred and twenty talents of gold." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "about 14,000 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/intro.md b/1ki/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ab9211bdcc --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Kings 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +There are two parts to this chapter. Verses 1–9 is a dream in which God warned Solomon that he and his descendants were not to worship idols. If they did this, the temple would be destroyed. Verses 10–28 is about Solomon's extensive building and his partnership with Hiram, king of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worship only Yahweh ##### +Yahweh alone must be worshiped. It is necessary for people to stay faithful to God and not worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +'Walk" is a common image in Scripture. It is said, "if you walk before me as David your father walked." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/walk]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/01.md b/1ki/10/01.md index 47209077cc..f48f7495ca 100644 --- a/1ki/10/01.md +++ b/1ki/10/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon's fame concerning the name of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:sheba]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Yahweh is represented by his "name." Possible meanings are 1) AT: "Solomon's fame, which glorified Yahweh" or 2) AT: "Solomon's fame, which Yahweh had given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# all that was in her heart -* **Solomon’s fame concerning the name of Yahweh** - Possible meanings are 1) "Solomon's fame which glorified Yahweh" or 2) "Solomon's fame which Yahweh had given him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **all that was in her heart** - AT: "everything on her mind" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a generalization. AT: "everything she wanted to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/03.md b/1ki/10/03.md index 73bf1fc2a6..e5b22af843 100644 --- a/1ki/10/03.md +++ b/1ki/10/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the seating of his servants -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cupbearer]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Possible meanings are 1) "how his servants were seated around the table" or 2) "where his servants lived." -## translationNotes +# there was no more breath in her -* **the seating of his servants** - Possible meanings are 1) "how his servants were seated around the table" or 2) "where his servants lived." -* **there was no more spirit in her** - AT: "she was breathless" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "she was utterly amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/06.md b/1ki/10/06.md index 2566c2ec49..64d6260152 100644 --- a/1ki/10/06.md +++ b/1ki/10/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I heard in my own land -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"I heard while I was in my own land" -## translationNotes +# your words and your wisdom -* **your words and your wisdom** - Here the words "words" and "wisdom" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]). -* **my eyes have seen it** - AT: "I have seen it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Not half was told me** - AT: "People told me very little" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the word "wisdom" can describe the word "words." AT: "your wise sayings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]). + +# my eyes have seen it + +The phrase "my eyes" emphasizes that she herself saw it. AT: "I have seen it for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Not half was told me about your wisdom and wealth + +This can be stated without the passive form. AT: "They did not tell me about even half of your wisdom and wealth" or "You are much more wise and wealthy than what they told me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/08.md b/1ki/10/08.md index 9416d93e8c..8b0bfe4346 100644 --- a/1ki/10/08.md +++ b/1ki/10/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who constantly stand before you -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom. AT: "who are always in your presence waiting to serve you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# May Yahweh your God be praised -* **who constantly stand before you** - AT: "who are always in your presence" (See : [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **May Yahweh your God be praised** - AT: "May people praise Yahweh your God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who placed you on the throne of Israel** - AT: "who made you king of Israel" (See : [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people praise Yahweh your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who placed you on the throne of Israel + +The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on it. AT: "who made you king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/10.md b/1ki/10/10.md index 63a593405f..423a7cab1e 100644 --- a/1ki/10/10.md +++ b/1ki/10/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# 120 talents of gold -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:sheba]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +"one hundred and twenty talents of gold." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "about 4,000 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## translationNotes +# No greater amount of spices ... was ever given to him again -* **talent** - A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: “about 4,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **No greater amount of spices...was ever given to Him** - AT: "No one ever again gave to King Solomon more spices than the queen of Sheba gave to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one ever again gave to King Solomon more spices than the queen of Sheba gave to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/11.md b/1ki/10/11.md index ca5d37fb54..aa23bbd7bd 100644 --- a/1ki/10/11.md +++ b/1ki/10/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The king made -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. AT: "The king told his people to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# almug wood -* **The king made almug wood pillars** - AT: "The king's workers made almug wood pillars" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **or been seen again** - AT: "nor has anyone again seen such quantity (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +a type of wood, possibly one with a pleasant scent (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# or been seen again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor has anyone ever seen such a great quantity again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to this day + +This means to the day that the author was writing this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/13.md b/1ki/10/13.md index b0eba7e18d..e99d8c3762 100644 --- a/1ki/10/13.md +++ b/1ki/10/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# everything she wished for, whatever she asked -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# of his royal bounty -* **everything she wished for, whatever she asked** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **of his royal bounty** - "out of his usual royal generosity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"because as king he had so much" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/14.md b/1ki/10/14.md index 9f45b696db..870f3769e7 100644 --- a/1ki/10/14.md +++ b/1ki/10/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in one year -* [[en:tw:arabia]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +"each year." This refers to every year of Solomon's reign, and not to just one time. -## translationNotes +# 666 talents of gold -* **in one year** - This refers to every year of Solomon's reign, and not to just one time. AT: "each year" (UDB) -* **666 talents of gold** - A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: “more than 22,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +"six hundred sixty-six." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "almost 22,000 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/16.md b/1ki/10/16.md index 8e98e0f92c..2d6785afc7 100644 --- a/1ki/10/16.md +++ b/1ki/10/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# King Solomon made -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. AT: "King Solomon's men made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# two hundred large shields -* **King Solomon made** - AT: "King Solomon's workers made" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **two hundred large shields** - AT: "200 large shields" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Six hundred shekels of gold** - A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 6.6 kilograms of gold" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **three hundred shields** - AT: "300 shields" -* **Three minas of gold** - A mina is a unit of weight equal to about 600 grams. AT: "about 1.8 kilograms of gold" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:07:01]]. +"200 large shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Six hundred shekels of gold + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "About 6.6 kilograms of gold" or "Six and one half kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# Six hundred shekels + +Because the word "shekels" does not appear here in the Hebrew text, some modern versions assume instead the unit of bekah, which was equivalent to only a half shekel. Any version making this assumption would signal a metric equivalent of about three kilograms. + +# He also made + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. AT: "The king's men also made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# three hundred shields + +"300 shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Three minas of gold + +A mina is a unit of weight equal to about 550 grams. AT: "About 1.7 kilograms of gold" or "One and three-quarters kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon + +"the house called the House of the Lebanon Forest." See how you translated this in [1 Kings 7:2](../07/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/18.md b/1ki/10/18.md index 779c6de733..e29ccffca1 100644 --- a/1ki/10/18.md +++ b/1ki/10/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the king made -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped the king do this. AT: "the king's men made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# throne of ivory -* **the king made** - AT: "the king's workers made" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **throne of ivory** - Ivory refers to the hard white substance from the tusks of elephants. +Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/21.md b/1ki/10/21.md index bce7447542..101bfc6f77 100644 --- a/1ki/10/21.md +++ b/1ki/10/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +"the house called the House of the Lebanon Forest." See how you translated this in [1 Kings 7:2](../07/01.md). -## translationNotes +# ivory -* **the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:07:01]]. +Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 10:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# apes and baboons + +These animals live wild in Africa. At the ends of their four limbs are what look like human hands and feet, and they have long tails. Some people consider baboons a type of ape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/23.md b/1ki/10/23.md index c2389b779b..1bdb1c1cbd 100644 --- a/1ki/10/23.md +++ b/1ki/10/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# All the earth -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is a generalization. AT: "People from everywhere" or "People from many different places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# sought the presence of Solomon -* **All the earth** - AT: "People from everywhere" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **sought the presence of Solomon** - AT: "sought an audience with Solomon" or "wanted to visit Solomon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **which God had put in his heart** - AT: "which God had put in his mind" or "which God had given him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The presence of the person is a metonym for being able to speak and listen to the person. AT: "sought an audience with Solomon" or "wanted to visit Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart + +The heart is a metonym for what a person thinks and is spoken of as if it were a container. The abstract noun "wisdom" is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put in a container and can be translated as an adjective. It can be a metonym for either the person or the words the person speaks. AT: "to hear his wisdom, which God had given him" or "to hear how wise God had enabled him to be" or "to hear him speak the wise words that God had enabled him to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/26.md b/1ki/10/26.md index 30828c8919..329c1d683e 100644 --- a/1ki/10/26.md +++ b/1ki/10/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# 1,400 chariots and twelve thousand horsemen -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +"one thousand four hundred chariots and 12,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# The king had silver in Jerusalem, as much as the stones on the ground -* **a thousand four hundred chariots and twelve thousand horsemen** - AT: "1,400 chariots and 12,000 horsemen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The narrator uses exaggeration to emphasize the great amount of silver that was in Jerusalem. AT: "The king had so much silver in Jerusalem, it was like there was as much silver as there was stones on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/28.md b/1ki/10/28.md index a37083bd87..1a2b9ad462 100644 --- a/1ki/10/28.md +++ b/1ki/10/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# that had been bought from Egypt -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:cilicia]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that his merchants had bought from people in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Kue -* **that had been bought from Egypt** - AT: "that his merchants had bought from Egypt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Chariots were purchased** - AT: "His merchants purchased chariots" -* **six hundred shekels of silver...150 shekels** - A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: “about 6.6 kilograms of silver...about 1.7 kilograms” (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **Many of these were then sold** - AT: "His merchants then sold many of these" +This is the name of a region. Some think that Kue was the same as Cilicia, in Asia Minor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Chariots were purchased + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "His merchants purchased chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# six hundred shekels of silver ... 150 shekels + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 6.6 kilograms of silver ... about 1.7 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# six hundred shekels of silver + +"600 shekels of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 150 shekels + +"one hundred and fifty shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Many of these were then sold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "His merchants then sold many of these" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/intro.md b/1ki/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c21013459f --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Kings 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +There are two parts to this chapter: The fame of Solomon's wisdom and the wealth of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +==Queen of Sheba == +King Solomon became so famous for his wisdom that the queen of Sheba (modern day Yemen) came all the way to see him and was deeply impressed. God promised him great wealth and he became famously rich. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/01.md b/1ki/11/01.md index f81aa6245e..55636fe154 100644 --- a/1ki/11/01.md +++ b/1ki/11/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now King Solomon -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline where the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians, and Hittites -* **Now King Solomon** - The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline where the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -* **turn your heart to their gods** - AT: "persuade you to worship the gods that they worship"(UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# turn your heart to their gods + +To "turn someone's heart" is to convince that person to change his affection. AT: "persuade you to worship the gods that they worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/03.md b/1ki/11/03.md index 63ad351940..580f49cc7b 100644 --- a/1ki/11/03.md +++ b/1ki/11/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# seven hundred royal wives and three hundred concubines -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +"700 royal wives and 300 concubines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# turned his heart away -* **seven hundred royal wives and three hundred concubines** - AT: "700 royal wives and 300 concubines" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **turned his heart away** - AT: "turned his heart away from Yahweh" or "persuaded him to stop worshiping Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **his heart was not fully surrendered** - AT: "he was not fully devoted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +To "turn someone's heart" is to convince that person to change his affection. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 11:01](./01.md). AT: "turned his heart away from Yahweh" or "persuaded him to stop worshiping Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his heart was not fully surrendered ... as was the heart of David + +To "surrender" your heart refers to giving total allegiance and affection. AT: "he was not fully devoted ... as was David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/05.md b/1ki/11/05.md index aaff0265a6..d0406c4de1 100644 --- a/1ki/11/05.md +++ b/1ki/11/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ashtoreth ... Molech -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] +These are the names of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Sidonians -* **what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he followed Milcom** - "Milcom" is perhaps another name for the idol "Molech" +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he followed Molech + +Some version render this as "Milcom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The phrase, "in the sight of" refers to someone's opinion. AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/07.md b/1ki/11/07.md index e4ec09488c..127979e077 100644 --- a/1ki/11/07.md +++ b/1ki/11/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Chemosh ... Molech -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:molech]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +These are the names of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# sacrificed to their gods at them -* **sacrificed to their gods at them** - Here the words "at them" refer to the shrines that Solomon built. +Here the words "at them" refer to the shrines that Solomon built. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/09.md b/1ki/11/09.md index 8bdce3d7dc..d2ccafc673 100644 --- a/1ki/11/09.md +++ b/1ki/11/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# his heart had turned away from him -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The words "his heart had turned" refer to his having changed allegiance and affection. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 11:01](./01.md). AT: "Solomon had stopped worshiping Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# he had appeared to him twice -* **his heart had turned away from him** - That is, "Solomon's heart had turned away from Yahweh." AT: "Solomon stopped worshiping Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he had appeared to him twice** - That is, "Yahweh had appeared to Solomon twice." +"Yahweh had appeared to Solomon twice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/11.md b/1ki/11/11.md index 1b39a18c56..fcffcd6e20 100644 --- a/1ki/11/11.md +++ b/1ki/11/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# tear the kingdom from you -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +To "tear from" is to forcefully remove. This is like a person tears apart a piece of cloth. AT: "forcefully take the kingdom from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the hand of your son -* **tear the kingdom from you** - God will forcefully remove most of the kingdom from Solomon's descendants like a person tears a piece of cloth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the hand of your son** - AT: "your son's power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "hand" refers to control, authority and power. AT: "your son's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/14.md b/1ki/11/14.md index 9dd6fe731a..13718d772d 100644 --- a/1ki/11/14.md +++ b/1ki/11/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hadad -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# When David was in Edom ... since Hadad was still a little child -* **When David was in Edom...since Hadad was still a little child** - This is background material that happened long before. -* **Joab and all Israel** - AT: "Joab and all of the Israelite army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Hadad was taken with other Edomites by his father’s servants** - AT: "the servants of Hadad's father had taken him with other Edomites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is background material that happened long before. + +# Joab and all Israel + +The words "all Israel" refer to the army of Israel. AT: "Joab and all of the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# But Hadad was taken with other Edomites by his father's servants + +This can be stated in active form. "But the servants of Hadad's father took him with other Edomites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/18.md b/1ki/11/18.md index 6c4f12c886..b0cc48ec13 100644 --- a/1ki/11/18.md +++ b/1ki/11/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:paran]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] +This section continues the background information that began in [1 Kings 11:15](./14.md). -## translationNotes +# They left Midian -* This section continues the background information that began in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:11:14]]. -* **They left Midian** - Here the word "They" refers to Hadad and the other Edomites mentioned in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:11:14]]. +Here the word "They" refers to Hadad and the other Edomites mentioned in [1 Kings 11:17](./14.md). + +# Midian ... Paran ... Egypt + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tahpenes + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/20.md b/1ki/11/20.md index 17cb2d3185..f37d3d2201 100644 --- a/1ki/11/20.md +++ b/1ki/11/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Tahpenes -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:sleep|sleep, asleep, fall asleep]] +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Genubath ... Hadad -* **David was sleeping with his ancestors** - This is a polite way of saying David was dead. AT: "David was dead" (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# David had lain down with his ancestors + +This is a polite way of saying David was dead. AT: "David had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/23.md b/1ki/11/23.md index ce5f5bab3d..f06b620270 100644 --- a/1ki/11/23.md +++ b/1ki/11/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Rezon ... Eliada ... Hadadezer -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Zobah ... Damascus ... Aram -* **when David defeated** - AT: "when David's army killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Rezon abhorred Israel** - "Rezon hated Israel very much" +These are the name of locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# when David defeated + +Here "David" refers to David and his army. AT: "when David's army overcame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the days of Solomon + +"during the time that Solomon was alive" or "all the days of Solomon's life" + +# Rezon abhorred Israel + +"Rezon hated Israel very much" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/26.md b/1ki/11/26.md index 6a91f11195..3b5857eb81 100644 --- a/1ki/11/26.md +++ b/1ki/11/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeroboam ... Nebat -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Zeredah ... Millo -* **he lifted up his hand against the king** - AT: "rebelled against the king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Solomon built the Millo** - See how you translated "the Millo" in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:09:15]]. +These are the names of locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zeruah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# lifted up his hand against the king + +The word "hand" refers to authority, power and control. The phrase "lifted up against" refers to having opposed someone by using authority, power and control. This is a metonymy used as a common idiom. AT: "rebelled against the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Solomon had built up the place located at Millo + +Translate "Millo" as in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/28.md b/1ki/11/28.md index 00e94c5180..7a6a36ed1e 100644 --- a/1ki/11/28.md +++ b/1ki/11/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# a mighty man of valor -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh|Shiloh, Shilonite]] +Possible meanings are 1) "a great warrior" or 2) "a very capable man" or 3) "a wealthy and influential man." -## translationNotes +# he gave him command -* **a mighty man of valor** - Possible meanings are 1) "a great warrior," 2) "a very capable man" (UDB), or 3) "a wealthy and influential man." -* **he gave him command** - "he made him commander" +"he made him commander" + +# all the labor + +The word "labor" refers to the work that Solomon commanded the people to do for his government. This is a metonymy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Joseph + +This refers to the descendants of Joseph who were the people groups of Ephraim and Manasseh. This is a metonymy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ahijah + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shilonite + +The Shilonites are a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/31.md b/1ki/11/31.md index c40acfabff..08c8ccef9f 100644 --- a/1ki/11/31.md +++ b/1ki/11/31.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He said -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sidon|Sidon, Sidonian]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "He" refers to Ahijah. -## translationNotes +# tear the kingdom out -* **He said** - Here the word "He" refers to Ahijah. -* **tear the kingdom** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:11:11]]. -* **the hand of Solomon** - AT: “Solomon's power” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Solomon will have** - AT: "Solomon's son will have" or "Solomon's descendants will have" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **what is right in my eyes** - AT: "what I consider to be right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "tear ... out" is a metaphor that refers to the action of forcefully removing. This is like a person tears apart a piece of cloth. See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 11:11](./11.md). AT: "forcefully take the kingdom out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hand of Solomon + +Here "hand" is a metonym that refers to a person's authority, control and power. AT: "Solomon's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Solomon will have + +The name "Solomon" here is a metonym referring to his descendants. AT: "Solomon's sons will have" or "Solomon's descendants will have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ashtoreth ... Chemosh ... Molech + +These are the names of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sidonians ... Moab ... Ammon + +These are the names of locations and the people groups that live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what is right in my eyes + +"Eyes" here is a metonym for someone's opinion or idea. This is a commonly used idiom. AT: "what I consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/34.md b/1ki/11/34.md index f47a8ce557..f5f242eebf 100644 --- a/1ki/11/34.md +++ b/1ki/11/34.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Ahijah continues to tell Jeroboam what Yahweh has said. -## translationNotes +# I will not take -* Ahijah continues to tell Jeroboam what Yahweh has said. -* **I will not take** - Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **out of Solomon's hand** - AT: "out of Solomon's power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will give to you** - Here the word "you" refers to Jeroboam. -* **may have a lamp always before me** - AT: "will have a descendant to rule as a reminder of my covenant with David's family." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh. + +# out of Solomon's hand + +Here the word "hand" is a metonym that refers to a person's authority, control and power. AT: "out of Solomon's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will give it to you + +Here the word "you" refers to Jeroboam. + +# may always have a lamp before me + +The word "lamp" is a metonym that refers to a person's influence and guidance. AT: "will always have a descendant to rule as an influence and a guide for obeying my covenant with David's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/37.md b/1ki/11/37.md index 77b7355188..358b5733dd 100644 --- a/1ki/11/37.md +++ b/1ki/11/37.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +Ahijah continues to tell Jeroboam what Yahweh has said. -## translationNotes +# I will take you -* Ahijah continues to tell Jeroboam what Yahweh has said. -* **I will take you** - Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh and the word "you" refers to Jeroboam. -* **what is right in my eyes** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:11:31]]. -* **build you a sure house** - AT: "establish for you a lasting kingdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh and the word "you" refers to Jeroboam. + +# what is right in my eyes + +The word "eyes" here is a metonym for someone's opinion or idea. This is a commonly used idiom. See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 11:33](./31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# build you a sure house + +The clause "build a house" is a metaphor for establishing descendants from that time on. AT: "establish for you a lasting kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/40.md b/1ki/11/40.md index 4349424e80..a20d77dfe0 100644 --- a/1ki/11/40.md +++ b/1ki/11/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Shishak -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/41.md b/1ki/11/41.md index 22b5bacc5a..40d9908ea3 100644 --- a/1ki/11/41.md +++ b/1ki/11/41.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of Solomon? -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. AT: "you can find them in the book of the events of Solomon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the book of the events of Solomon -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of Solomon?** - AT: "people have written them in The Book of the Events of Solomon." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The Book of the Events of Solomon** - This refers to a book that no longer exists. -* **He slept with his ancestors** - AT: "He died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **he was buried** - AT: "people buried him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This book no longer exists. + +# He slept with his ancestors and he was buried + +The clause "slept with his ancestors" is a metaphor that expresses as a euphemism the death of a person in more gentle words. AT: "He died and he was buried with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# he was buried + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/intro.md b/1ki/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1df5368d60 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Kings 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the story of Solomon. (Chapters 1-11) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Intermarriage with Gentiles ##### +God had told the people of Israel in Moses's law never to marry women from the Gentile nations. But Solomon married many women from Gentile countries. This was because their religious beliefs would negatively affect Israel. Solomon, the wisest man, became a fool and his wives persuaded him to worship foolish idols. God became angry and warned he would take away 10 tribes from the kingdom of his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/01.md b/1ki/12/01.md index 560377628a..21712bdbf3 100644 --- a/1ki/12/01.md +++ b/1ki/12/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel was coming -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +Here "Israel" represents all the men of Israel capable of fighting. Here "all Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the men of Israel. AT: "all the men of Israel were coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# It happened that -* **all Israel was coming** - AT: "all the men of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **It happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# Jeroboam ... Nebat + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/03.md b/1ki/12/03.md index 346247b38a..46d3d47703 100644 --- a/1ki/12/03.md +++ b/1ki/12/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# called him -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Here the word "him" refers to Jeroboam. -## translationNotes +# made our yoke heavy -* **they sent and called** - The words "sent" and "called" are used together for emphasis. AT: "they sent someone to summon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **called him** - Here the word "him" refers to Jeroboam. -* **made our yoke difficult** - AT: "treated us cruelly" or "forced us to work very hard" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and requirements. AT: "treated us cruelly" or "forced us to work very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/06.md b/1ki/12/06.md index 8379eb0ffa..0bddb8b16c 100644 --- a/1ki/12/06.md +++ b/1ki/12/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the old men who had stood before Solomon -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the old men who had stood before Solomon** - AT: "the old men who counseled Solomon" or "the old men who attended to Solomon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +To "stand before" is an idiom for serving the king in his presence. AT: "the old men who counseled Solomon" or "the old men who attended to Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/08.md b/1ki/12/08.md index aa0d1c5483..8d76c244e6 100644 --- a/1ki/12/08.md +++ b/1ki/12/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Lighten the yoke that your father put on us -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] - -## translationNotes - -* **who stood before him** - AT: “who counseled him” or “who attended to him” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Lighten the yoke that your father put on us** - AT: "Do not treat us as cruelly as your father did" or "do not force us to work as hard as your father did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +To "lighten the yoke" is a metaphor to represent lifting of the burden. AT: "Do not treat us as cruelly as your father did" or "Do not force us to work as hard as your father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/10.md b/1ki/12/10.md index 10c9fcf142..c1f84c566d 100644 --- a/1ki/12/10.md +++ b/1ki/12/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# My little finger is thicker than my father's waist -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +This metaphor means that Rehoboam is more cruel and intimidating than his father. AT: "What I will do to make your burden heavier is much more than what my father put on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions -* **My little finger is thicker than my father's waist** - This means that Rehoboam is meaner and more intimidating than his father. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions** - This means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **punish you with scorpions** - The word "scorpions" may refer to 1) a whip with sharp metal barbs on the end, or 2) a spider-like creature that has a poisonous sting. +This metaphor means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. AT: "My father used whips to force you to work but I will use even crueler punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# punish you with scorpions + +The word "scorpions" may refer to 1) a whip with sharp metal barbs on the end or 2) a spider-like creature that has a poisonous sting. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/12.md b/1ki/12/12.md index d08d8b7423..f690f11581 100644 --- a/1ki/12/12.md +++ b/1ki/12/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# burdened you with a heavy yoke -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and requirements. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:4](./03.md). AT: "treated you cruelly" or "forced you to work very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions -* **My father burdened you...punish you with scorpions** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:12:10]]. +This metaphor means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:11](./10.md). AT: "My father used whips to force you to work but I will use even crueler punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/15.md b/1ki/12/15.md index f8854e9bbf..77d45eef98 100644 --- a/1ki/12/15.md +++ b/1ki/12/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# it was a turn of events brought about by Yahweh -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom and can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh caused things to happen like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# his word that he had spoken by Ahijah ... to Jeroboam -* **it was a turn in events brought about by Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh caused things to happen like this" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The idiom "had spoken by" someone refers to giving someone a message to tell others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ahijah ... Jeroboam ... Nebat + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shilonite + +This is the name of a people group from the town of Shiloh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/16.md b/1ki/12/16.md index c0eb0accc8..afaf412a76 100644 --- a/1ki/12/16.md +++ b/1ki/12/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Here "Israel" represents all he men of Israel capable of fighting. "All Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the men of Israel. AT: "all the men of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# What share do we have in David? -* **When all Israel** - "When all the people of Israel who were present" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **What share do we have in David?** - AT: "We will have no part in the family of David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse** - David is the son of Jesse. AT: "We will have nothing to do with the descendants of Jesse" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Go to your tents, Israel** - AT: "Go to your homes, people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Now see to your own house, David** - AT: "Now take care of your own kingdom, descendant of David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Share" is a metonym meaning a part, involvement, or interest. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "We will have no part in the family of David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse + +"Son of Jesse" is a metonym for David, a son of Jesse. "Inheritance" is a metonym for the part left for these people from David's successes. AT: "We will have nothing to do with the descendants of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Go to your tents, Israel + +"Tents" is a metonym representing a person's place of residence. AT: "Go to your homes, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now see to your own house, David + +"House" is a metonym for David's lineage of power and prestige. AT: "Now take care of your own kingdom, descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/18.md b/1ki/12/18.md index d82fa47738..9c2d19d2d5 100644 --- a/1ki/12/18.md +++ b/1ki/12/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Adoniram -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# all Israel -* **all Israel stoned him** - AT: "all the people of Israel who were there" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the house of David** - AT: "the kings descended from David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. "All Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the people of Israel. AT: "all the people of Israel who were there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the house of David + +Here "house" is a metonym that represents family or descendants. AT: "the kings descended from David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to this day + +"ever since that time." This refers to the time that the writer was actually writing this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/20.md b/1ki/12/20.md index dabe2e6dee..8ca2b16e30 100644 --- a/1ki/12/20.md +++ b/1ki/12/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened that -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# when all Israel heard -* **It happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **when all Israel heard** - AT: "when all the leaders of Israel heard" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **king over all Israel** - AT: "king over all of the 10 tribes of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the family of David** - AT: "David's descendants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the tribe of Judah** - AT: "the people of the tribe of Judah" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"All Israel" is a generalization that means the capable men of Israel who represent the rest of the people by a synecdoche. AT: "when all the leaders of Israel heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# king over all Israel + +"Israel" implicitly means the northern ten tribes that rebelled against Rehoboam. AT: "king over all of the 10 tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the family of David + +"David's descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/21.md b/1ki/12/21.md index 88155e7fe6..70e464e12e 100644 --- a/1ki/12/21.md +++ b/1ki/12/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all the house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Here "house" is a metonym that represents a tribe or descendants. And, here "tribe" refers specifically to the soldiers from those tribes. AT: "all the soldiers from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# 180,000 chosen men -* **the house of Judah** - This refers to the people from the tribe of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **180,000 chosen men who were soldiers** - AT: "180,000 carefully selected soldiers" or "180,000 of the best soldiers" -* **the house of Israel** - This refers to the people from the 10 northern tribes. +"one hundred eighty thousand chosen men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the house of Israel + +Here "house" represents the kingdom made up of the 10 northern tribes of Israel. AT: "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of the northern tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/22.md b/1ki/12/22.md index bbc67b1514..2442dd2580 100644 --- a/1ki/12/22.md +++ b/1ki/12/22.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of God came ... it said -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "God spoke this message ... and he said" or "God spoke these words ... and he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Shemaiah -* **the man of God** - This is another title for a prophet. AT: "the prophet." -* **all the house of Judah and Benjamin** - AT: “all the people of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin” (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your brothers the people of Israel** - The words "brothers" and "people of Israel" both refer to the men of the ten northern tribes and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **for this thing has been made to happen by me** - AT: "because I have made this thing happen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the man of God + +The expression "man of God" is a respectful way of referring to a prophet of Yahweh. AT: "the man who belongs to God" or "the prophet of God" + +# all the house of Judah and Benjamin + +Here "house" is a metonym that represents a tribe or descendants. AT: "all the people from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your brothers the people of Israel + +The words "brothers" and "people of Israel" are a doublet that refer to the men of the ten northern tribes and emphasize the family relationship between them and the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# for this thing has been made to happen by me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because I have made this thing happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/25.md b/1ki/12/25.md index abc3868fa6..e52c592b46 100644 --- a/1ki/12/25.md +++ b/1ki/12/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# thought in his heart -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"Heart" is a metonym for a person's inner consciousness, thoughts, motivation, or feelings. AT: "thought to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of David -* **Jeroboam built Shechem** - AT: "Jeroboam's workers built Shechem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **thought in his heart** - AT: "thought to himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the house of David** - AT: "the kings descended from David" -* **If these people go up** - The words "these people" refer to the people of the northern ten tribes of Israel. -* **turn again to their master, to Rehoboam king of Judah...return to Rehoboam king of Judah** - These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "house" is a metonym representing family or descendants. AT: "the kings descended from David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If these people go up + +The words "these people" refer to the people of the northern ten tribes of Israel. + +# the heart of these people + +"Heart" is a metonym for the people's allegiance and affection. AT: "the allegiance of these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turn again to their master, to Rehoboam king of Judah ... return to Rehoboam king of Judah + +These phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize Jeroboam's fear that the people would turn again to Rehoboam as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/28.md b/1ki/12/28.md index 11eb9c82f3..c8687f0a8f 100644 --- a/1ki/12/28.md +++ b/1ki/12/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# brought you up -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] - -## translationNotes - -* * -* **brought you up** - AT: "brought your ancestors up" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"You" here is a metonym for the ancestors of the people. AT: "brought your ancestors up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/31.md b/1ki/12/31.md index aa5a3f26a1..3ad1903137 100644 --- a/1ki/12/31.md +++ b/1ki/12/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeroboam made houses on high places -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:ordain]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The workers who did this at Jeroboam's commands are represented by the metonym of the name of Jeroboam himself. AT: "Jeroboam's workers made houses on high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# houses on high places -* **Jeroboam made temples** - AT: "Jeroboam's workers made temples" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **made priests** - AT: "appointed men to be priests" -* **all the people** - AT: "all the people of the ten northern tribes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month** - The eighth month corresponds to October-November. AT: "on the fifteenth day of the eighth month" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **went up to the altar** - AT: "offered sacrifices on the altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The implied information is that these were houses of worship. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "houses of worship on high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# made priests + +"appointed men to be priests" + +# in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month + +This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of November on Western calendars. AT: "on the fifteenth day of the eighth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# went up to the altar + +"Went up" is an idiom for going to a sacred place to worship since these altars were located on high places. AT: "offered sacrifices on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/33.md b/1ki/12/33.md index 17ef4dafb6..2445564dd4 100644 --- a/1ki/12/33.md +++ b/1ki/12/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# went up to the altar -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] +"Went up" is an idiom for going to a sacred place to worship since these altars were located on high places. AT: "offered sacrifices on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# in the month he had planned in his own mind -* **went up to the altar** - AT: “offered sacrifices on the altar” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in the month when he had planned in his own mind** - AT: "in the month that he had determined" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"in the month that he had determined" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/intro.md b/1ki/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6979930b17 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 1 Kings 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Civil war ##### +This chapter explains how the united kingdom of Israel was split into the two kingdoms: Israel and Judah. This is sometimes called a "civil war." + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel splits ##### +God's warning to Solomon came true. In spite of his famous wealth, Solomon had over-taxed his own people and forced them to work for free. When the people requested that King Rehoboam reduce taxes and forced labor, he said that he would be harsher than his father. This caused the 10 northern tribes to revolt and appoint Jeroboam as their king. These northern tribes are now called the kingdom of Israel. Only Judah and Benjamin stayed with Rehoboam. They are called Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]]) + +##### Jeroboam introduces calf worship ##### +Jeroboam made a terrible mistake. He was afraid that if the people continued to go to Jerusalem to worship in the temple, they would want to return to Rehoboam as their king. So he made two shrines with calves made of gold for the people to worship. This eventually caused the destruction of his whole family. The kingdom of Israel continued worshiping the idols until they were taken slaves by the Assyrians. The northern tribes were unable to truly worship Yahweh without going to Jerusalem in the kingdom of Judah. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The people used the metaphor of "yoke" for oppressive government: "Your father made our yoke difficult. Now then, make your father's hard work easier, and lighten the heavy yoke that he put on us." But Rehoboam promised to increase their oppression with three metaphors: "My little finger is thicker than my father's waist. So now, although my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/01.md b/1ki/13/01.md index 0fa024ad28..d232dd1e04 100644 --- a/1ki/13/01.md +++ b/1ki/13/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# A man of God came out of Judah by the word of Yahweh to Bethel -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The implied information is that Yahweh sent the man of God to Bethel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh sent a man of God from Judah to Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# A man of God -* **A man of God** - This is another title for a prophet. AT: "A prophet" -* **cried against the altar** - AT: "prophesied loudly against the altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Altar, altar** - The prophet spoke to the altar as if it were a person who could hear him. He said this twice for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **a son will be born to the family of David** - AT: "a descendant of David will have a son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they will burn** - Here "they" refers to Josiah and the people with him. -* **the altar will be split apart, and the ashes on it will be poured out** - AT: "Yahweh will split the altar apart and will scatter the ashes that are on it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is another title for a prophet. AT: "A prophet" + +# came out of Judah + +"came from Judah" + +# the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" + +# He cried against the altar + +Here "He" refers to the man of God. + +# cried against the altar + +This means he prophesied toward the altar in a loud and condemning voice. AT: "prophesied loudly toward the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Altar, altar + +The prophet spoke to the altar as if it were a person who could hear him. He said this twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a son named Josiah will be born to the family of David + +Here the "family of David" refers to the descendants of David. This can be stated in active form. AT: "a descendant of David will have a son named Josiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will burn + +Here "they" refers to Josiah and the people with him. + +# the altar will be split apart, and the ashes on it will be poured out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will split the altar apart and the ashes on it will fall to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/04.md b/1ki/13/04.md index c4d06862fd..eca5d724d7 100644 --- a/1ki/13/04.md +++ b/1ki/13/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the hand with which he had reached out against the man dried up -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh dried up the hand with which he had reached out against the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# dried up -* **The altar was also split apart, and the ashes poured out from the altar** - AT: "God also split the altar apart and poured out the ashes from the altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **as described by the sign that the man of God had given by the word of Yahweh** - AT: "as the sign that the man of God had given by the word of Yahweh had described" +"withered" or "became paralyzed" + +# The altar was also split apart + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh also split the altar apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as described by the sign that the man of God had given by the word of Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as the man of God had described by the word of Yahweh as a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/06.md b/1ki/13/06.md index 2d04a54466..a0712e3bc9 100644 --- a/1ki/13/06.md +++ b/1ki/13/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Plead for the favor of Yahweh your God -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +The abstract noun "favor" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "Plead that Yahweh your God may favor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# my hand may be restored to me again -* **my hand may be restored** - AT: "Yahweh may restore my hand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the king’s hand was restored** - AT: "Yahweh restored the king's hand" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh may restore my hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the king's hand was restored to him again, and it became as it was before + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh restored the king's hand and made it as it was before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Come home with me and refresh yourself + +The word "yourself" is a reflexive pronoun. AT: "Come home with me and eat some food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/08.md b/1ki/13/08.md index 780b36730b..e4a367071c 100644 --- a/1ki/13/08.md +++ b/1ki/13/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# half your possessions -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"half of your house" -## translationNotes +# You will eat no bread nor drink water, nor return by the way that you came -* **Even if you give me half your possessions** - This is something that would not happen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +"Do not eat bread, drink water, or return by the way that you came" + +# left another way + +"went a different way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/11.md b/1ki/13/11.md index 45c467bfe7..90adec1f7d 100644 --- a/1ki/13/11.md +++ b/1ki/13/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# his sons had seen the way -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The implied information is that the sons also told their father which way the man of God went. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Saddle -* **his sons had seen the way** - AT: "his sons showed the way" +This means to place a seat on the back of an animal so a person can ride on it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/14.md b/1ki/13/14.md index 637f1af10e..adad834fc2 100644 --- a/1ki/13/14.md +++ b/1ki/13/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The old prophet -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This refers to the prophet who lived in Bethel. -## translationNotes +# he said to him -* **The old prophet** - This refers to the prophet from Bethel. -* **he said to him** - AT: "the old prophet said to the man of God" -* **He answered** - AT: "The man of God answered" -* **in this place** - AT: "in Bethel" +"the old prophet said to the man of God" + +# He answered + +"The man of God answered" + +# go in with you + +"go into your house" + +# in this place + +"in Bethel" + +# it was commanded to me by the word of Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh commanded me by his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/18.md b/1ki/13/18.md index 8d697f5edb..324b9fa997 100644 --- a/1ki/13/18.md +++ b/1ki/13/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# an angel spoke to me by the word of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:angel]] +"an angel delivered to me a message from Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# by the word of Yahweh -* **an angel spoke to me by the word of Yahweh** - AT: "an angel told me what Yahweh said" or "an angel delivered to me a message from Yahweh" +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/20.md b/1ki/13/20.md index a591165adb..c69df22708 100644 --- a/1ki/13/20.md +++ b/1ki/13/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# As they sat at the table -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The implied information is that they were still eating and drinking at the table. AT: "As they were eating and drinking at the table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came to the prophet ... came from Judah, saying, -* **As they sat at the table** - AT: "As they sat at the table eating" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **brought him back** - Here the word "him" refers to the man of God. +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to the prophet ... came from Judah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to the prophet ... came from Judah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# brought him back + +Here the word "him" refers to the man of God. + +# he cried to the man of God + +"the prophet spoke loudly to the man of God" + +# Because you have been disobedient to the word of Yahweh + +"Because you have not obeyed the word of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/23.md b/1ki/13/23.md index a85dd40b51..61b5faf587 100644 --- a/1ki/13/23.md +++ b/1ki/13/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the prophet saddled the donkey -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] +This means he placed a seat on the back of the donkey so the man of God could ride on it. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 13:13](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# his body was left on the road -* **and his body was left on the road** - AT: "and left his body on the road" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they came and told it** - AT: "they came and told people about the body" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "left his body on the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# body + +"dead body" + +# they came and told it + +Here "it" refers to what they had seen on the road. AT: "they came and told about what they had seen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/26.md b/1ki/13/26.md index 7bf6d76ee0..0867d3fd73 100644 --- a/1ki/13/26.md +++ b/1ki/13/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# body -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"dead body" -## translationNotes +# left in the road -* **handed him over to the lion** - AT: "gave him to the lion" +"lying in the road" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/29.md b/1ki/13/29.md index 786fb06b68..bbec471c17 100644 --- a/1ki/13/29.md +++ b/1ki/13/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# took up -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +"lifted up" -## translationNotes +# body -* **they mourned** - Here the word "they" refers to the prophet and his sons. -* **Woe! my brother!** - The word "Woe" is an expression of great sorrow. AT: "Oh, my brother!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). +"dead body" + +# they mourned + +Here the word "they" refers to the prophet and his sons. + +# Woe, my brother! + +The word "Woe" here is an expression of great sorrow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/31.md b/1ki/13/31.md index 285c39e4ab..d2e1b0cd20 100644 --- a/1ki/13/31.md +++ b/1ki/13/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he had buried him -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Here the word "he" refers to the old prophet and the word "him" refers to the man of God. -## translationNotes +# Lay my bones beside his bones -* **he had buried him** - Here the word "he" refers to the old prophet and the word "him" refers to the man of God. -* **when he cried out** - AT: "when he prophesied loudly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "my bones" represents his entire body. AT: "Lay my dead body beside his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# houses on the high places + +The implied information is that these were houses of worship. AT: "houses of worship on the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/33.md b/1ki/13/33.md index 590d3e6e88..50d41a3eb0 100644 --- a/1ki/13/33.md +++ b/1ki/13/33.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This matter became sin to the family of Jeroboam -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jeroboam's family sinned by doing this thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# This matter -* **This thing became sin to the family of Jeroboam** - AT: "Jeroboam's family sinned by doing this thing." -* **This thing** - This phrase refers to Jeroboam setting up shrines and appointing priests. -* **caused it to be cut off and destroyed** - AT: "God cut off and destroyed Jeroboam's family" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This phrase refers to Jeroboam's setting up shrines and appointing priests. + +# caused his family to be destroyed and to be exterminated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because of this God destroyed and exterminated Jeroboam's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be destroyed and to be exterminated + +These mean nearly the same thing. AT: "to be completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/intro.md b/1ki/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f9b4852a3c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Kings 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has two parts: The young prophet's warning to Jeroboam (1-10) and the old prophet's deception (11-34). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Obeying God ##### +People should do what God tells them to do and not what other people tell them is God's will for them. The story of the young prophet and the old prophet is an example of this. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/01.md b/1ki/14/01.md index 2807c5a785..85553d0dca 100644 --- a/1ki/14/01.md +++ b/1ki/14/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# disguise yourself -* [[en:tw:abijah]] -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] +"change how you appear to others" -## translationNotes +# you will not be recognized -* **you will not be recognized** - AT: "no one will recognize you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will recognize you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/04.md b/1ki/14/04.md index 8b28a031c1..9ec1d8695b 100644 --- a/1ki/14/04.md +++ b/1ki/14/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Look, the wife of Jeroboam -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "Look" means "pay attention." -## translationNotes +# coming to seek advice from you -* **Look, the wife of Jeroboam** - Here the word "Look" means "pay attention." -* **Say such and such to her** - The words "such and such" mean that Yahweh told Ahijah what to say. AT: "Speak in this way to her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The abstract noun "advice" can be translated as a verb. AT: "coming to ask you to advise her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Say such and such to her + +The words "such and such" mean that Yahweh told Ahijah what to say. AT: "Speak in this way to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/06.md b/1ki/14/06.md index 5b76e58bcc..69634e01a1 100644 --- a/1ki/14/06.md +++ b/1ki/14/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do you pretend to be someone you are not? -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This question shows that Ahijah knew she was disguised. AT: "Stop pretending to be someone else; I know who you are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# I have been sent to you with bad news -* **Why do you pretend that you are someone you are not?** - AT: "Stop pretending to be someone else; I know who you are." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I have been sent to you with bad news** - AT: "Yahweh told me to give you bad news" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I tore the kingdom away** - God forcefully removed most of the kingdom like a person tears a piece of cloth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh told me to give you bad news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I raised you + +"I exalted you" + +# I tore the kingdom away + +God forcefully removed most of the kingdom like a person tears a piece of cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# followed me + +"obeyed me" + +# with all his heart + +Here the "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. AT: "with all his will" or "with complete commitment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was right in my eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what I judged to be right" or "what I considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/09.md b/1ki/14/09.md index 68c0db4d24..d3b2e5b335 100644 --- a/1ki/14/09.md +++ b/1ki/14/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# thrust me behind your back -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] +Jeroboam has disrespected Yahweh like a person throws away something that is not wanted. AT: "completely rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# look -* **thrust me behind your back** - Jeroboam has disrespected Yahweh like a person throws away trash. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"pay attention." This word is added to indicate that what follows is important. + +# I will cut off ... and will completely remove + +These two phrases are very similar in meaning and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# cut off from you every male child in Israel + +Yahweh speaks of destroying Jeroboam's family and preventing him from having any descendants as if he were cutting them off as one would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "destroy every one of your male children in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will completely remove your family, like someone who burns up dung until it is gone + +This simile compares the removal of every descendant of Jeroboam with the complete burning up of dung that was mixed with straw, dried, and burned for fuel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/11.md b/1ki/14/11.md index 0b98f98c87..1c76b33443 100644 --- a/1ki/14/11.md +++ b/1ki/14/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Anyone who belongs to your family who dies in the city will be eaten by dogs -* [[en:tw:abijah]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Dogs will eat anyone who belongs to your family and who dies in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# anyone who dies in the field will be eaten by the birds of the heavens -* **Anyone who belongs...eaten by dogs** - AT: "Dogs will eat anyone who belongs to your family and who dies in the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **anyone who dies...the birds of the heavens** - AT: "the birds of the heavens will eat anyone who dies in the field" -* **was anything good found in the sight of Yahweh, the God of Israel** - did Yahweh, the God of Israel, find anything good" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the birds of the heavens will eat anyone who dies in the field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when your feet enter the city + +The word "feet" here is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "when you enter the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# All Israel + +This is a generalization that means the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "The Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# go into a grave + +"be buried in a grave" + +# out of Jeroboam's house + +The word "house" here is a metonymy for "family." AT: "in all of Jeroboam's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# was anything good found in the sight of Yahweh, the God of Israel + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "did Yahweh, the God of Israel, find anything he judged to be good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/14.md b/1ki/14/14.md index ff6b65ec29..95805a7612 100644 --- a/1ki/14/14.md +++ b/1ki/14/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# cut off the family of Jeroboam -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:reed]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer speaks of the new king of Israel destroying Jeroboam's family and preventing him from having any descendants like one would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "destroy the descendants of Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh will attack Israel as a reed is shaken in the water -* **as a reed is shaken in the water** - AT: "like a river of water shakes a reed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he will root up Israel out of this good land** - Yahweh compares Israel with a plant that will he will tear out of the ground by its roots. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer here uses a simile to express how Yahweh will bring judgment on the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh will attack the people of Israel as a reed is shaken in the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as a reed is shaken in the water + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "like a river of water shakes a reed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he will root up Israel out of this good land + +Yahweh compares Israel with a plant that he will tear out of the ground by its roots. AT: "he will remove the people of Israel from this good land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# scatter them + +"disperse them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/17.md b/1ki/14/17.md index 29e70a2dc3..213ad409fd 100644 --- a/1ki/14/17.md +++ b/1ki/14/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Tirzah -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is the name of the city where king Jeroboam lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# All Israel buried him and mourned for him -* **All Israel buried him** - AT: "A great number of the people of Israel were present when people buried him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **just as it was told to them by the word of Yahweh** - AT: "just as Yahweh told them" (See : [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a generalization that means the people of Israel buried him and mourned for him. AT: "A great number of the people of Israel were present when people buried him, and the people of Israel mourned for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# just as it was told to them by the word of Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as Yahweh told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the word of Yahweh + +"by the message of Yahweh" or "in Yahweh's message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/19.md b/1ki/14/19.md index 47836730fd..a995437428 100644 --- a/1ki/14/19.md +++ b/1ki/14/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# see -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This alerts the reader to the truth of what follows. AT: "look" or "see for yourself" -## translationNotes +# they are written in -* **they are written in** - AT: "someone has written them in" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **then slept with his ancestors** - AT: "then he died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can find them written in" or "someone has written about them in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the book of the events of the kings of Israel + +This refers to a book that no longer exists. + +# twenty-two years + +"22 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# slept with his ancestors + +Jeroboam dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 2:10](../02/10.md). AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/21.md b/1ki/14/21.md index 2801bc1ceb..68365d353b 100644 --- a/1ki/14/21.md +++ b/1ki/14/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# forty-one years old ... seventeen years -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +"41 years old ... 17 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# in which to put his name -* **forty-one years old...seventeen years** - one years old...seventeen years** - AT: "41 years old...17 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **to put his name** - AT: "to live and claim possession of it." See how you translate this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ki:09:03]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **His mother’s name** - Here the word "His" refers to Rehoboam. +Here "put his name" is a metonym for "dwell" and refers to the temple where Yahweh was to be worshiped. AT: "in which to dwell" or "in which to be worshiped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His mother's name + +Here the word "His" refers to Rehoboam. + +# Naamah + +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Judah did + +Here "Judah" represents the people of Judah. AT: "The people of Judah did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The "sight" of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 11:6](../11/05.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they provoked him to jealousy + +The abstract noun "jealousy" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "they made him jealous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# fathers + +"ancestors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/23.md b/1ki/14/23.md index 2c2b86b26b..8a23e0b363 100644 --- a/1ki/14/23.md +++ b/1ki/14/23.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For they also built -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:asherim|Asherah, Asherim]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:castout|cast out, drive out]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:sacred|sacred]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] +The word "they" here refers to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# built for themselves -* **on every high hill and under every green tree** - AT: "on the high hills and under the green trees" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the very despicable things that the nations did, which** - AT: "the same disgusting things that the people did whom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "for themselves" are a metonym for what they will do with the high places. AT: "built for their own use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# on every high hill and under every green tree + +This is likely to be an exaggeration that indicates there were many places like these for false worship all over the country. AT: "on the high hills and under the green trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# cultic prostitutes + +"religious prostitutes" or "male prostitutes." This probably refers to male prostitutes who were associated with idol worship. + +# the same despicable practices as the nations that + +Here the word "nations" represents the people in those nations. AT: "the same disgusting things that the people did, whom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/25.md b/1ki/14/25.md index a18f6a8c13..57dbb71c9e 100644 --- a/1ki/14/25.md +++ b/1ki/14/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# in the fifth year of King Rehoboam -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house, house of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] +This refers to the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign as king. AT: "in the fifth year that Rehoboam was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# in the fifth year -* **came up against** - had his army attack (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that Solomon had made** - AT: "that Solomon had his workers make" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"in year 5" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem + +"Shishak king of Egypt" represents himself along with the Egyptian army. AT: "Shishak king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Shishak + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 11:40](../11/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# came up against + +This is an idiom that means marched against or attacked. AT: "came to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He took everything away + +This is a generalization that indicates every valuable thing that could be found was taken away. AT: "He took away many valuable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# He took + +The word "He" represents Shishak and the soldiers who were with him. AT: "Shishak and his army took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# that Solomon had made + +Here "Solomon" refers to the craftsmen who worked for Solomon to make the shields. AT: "that Solomon had his workers make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/27.md b/1ki/14/27.md index 04a0aba7d1..a41b7e1763 100644 --- a/1ki/14/27.md +++ b/1ki/14/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# King Rehoboam made shields -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Here "King Rehoboam" represents the persons who worked for him to make the shields. AT: "King Rehoboam's workers made shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# in their place -* **King Rehoboam made shields** - AT: "King Rehoboam's workers made shields" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in their place** - AT: "in place of the shields of gold" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **entrusted them into the hands of the commanders** - AT: "made them the responsibility of the commanders" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"in place of the shields of gold" + +# entrusted them into the hands of the commanders + +Here "hands" represents care or responsibility. AT: "made them the responsibility of the commanders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who guarded the doors to the king's house + +Here "doors" represents the entrance. AT: "who guarded the entrance to the king's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the guards would carry them + +"the guards would carry the shields of bronze" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/29.md b/1ki/14/29.md index 4459cc12a3..a3d82174a0 100644 --- a/1ki/14/29.md +++ b/1ki/14/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -* [[en:tw:abijah]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." or "you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the book of the events of the kings of Judah -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah?** - "they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Rehoboam slept with his ancestors and was buried with them** - AT: "Rehoboam died and people buried him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to a book that no longer exists. + +# There was constant warfare + +"There was continuing war" or "There were constant battles" + +# warfare between Rehoboam and Jeroboam + +The names of the kings represent themselves and their armies. AT: "the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam fought in battle again and again" or "Rehoboam and his people and Jeroboam and his people engaged in battle continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# slept with his ancestors + +Rehoboam dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 2:10](../02/10.md). AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried with them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Naamah + +This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abijah his son + +"Abijah the son of Rehoboam" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Rehoboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/intro.md b/1ki/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fccdd6392c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 1 Kings 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has two stories. One is the death of Jeroboam's son (1-18). The other is the reign of Rehoboam (20-31) . + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The death of Jeroboam's son ##### +God knows the truth; it is useless to try to fool God's prophet. Jeroboam's son became sick; so the king sent his wife, disguised as a common woman, to the prophet. The prophet was blind, but when Jeroboam's wife arrived he told her, "Come in, wife of Jeroboam." He also told her that her son would die and that all of Jeroboam's family would be killed, because he had caused Israel to worship the golden calves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Rehoboam's reign ##### +When Solomon obeyed God, God made him very rich. When the people of Judah began to worship the fertility goddess, Ashtoreth, and to do many evil things, they had to give all of their wealth to the king of Egypt to persuade him not to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/01.md b/1ki/15/01.md index 4b5940e07a..8601da75f3 100644 --- a/1ki/15/01.md +++ b/1ki/15/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam son of Nebat -* [[en:tw:abijah]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign. AT: "After Jeroboam had been the king of Israel for almost eighteen years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# In the eighteenth year -* **In the eighteenth year** - AT: "In year 18" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **three years** - AT: "3 years" -* **He walked in all the sins** - AT: "He continued to practice all the sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his heart was not devoted** - AT: "he was not devoted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"In year 18" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He walked in all the sins + +Walking represents living, and walking in sins represents committing those sins. AT: "Abijah continued to practice all the sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that his father had committed before his time + +Since these verses refer to several kings, it may help to include the name of Abijah's father. This information can be made clear. AT "that his father, Rehoboam, had committed before Abijah's time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his time + +This phrase represents the time that he was king. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "before Abijah was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his heart was not devoted ... as the heart of David + +The heart represents the whole person. AT: "Abijah was not devoted ... as David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/04.md b/1ki/15/04.md index 71afc1e19e..5220bc1bfb 100644 --- a/1ki/15/04.md +++ b/1ki/15/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# gave him a lamp in Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:uriah]] +The word "lamp" here represents a descendant who would be king as David was. AT: "gave David a descendant to rule in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# by raising up his son after him -* **gave him a lamp in Jerusalem** - AT: "gave to David a descendant to rule in Jerusalem as a reminder of his covenant with David's family" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **what was right in his eyes** - AT: "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **between Rehoboam and Jeroboam** - AT: "between the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"by raising up Abijah's son after him" or "by giving Abijah a son" + +# what was right in his eyes + +The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what Yahweh judges to be right" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for all the days of his life + +"the whole time that David lived" or "throughout David's whole life" + +# he had not turned away from anything that he commanded him + +Turning away from a command represents disobeying it. AT: "David did not disobey anything that God commanded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# except only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite + +This is a general way to refer to the situation with Uriah. It can be stated more clearly what this matter was. AT: "except for what he did to Uriah the Hittite" or "except when he caused Uriah the Hittite to be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# between Rehoboam and Jeroboam + +These kings represent themselves and their armies. Rehoboam was Abijah's father. AT: "between the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the days of Abijah's life + +"the whole time that Abijah lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/07.md b/1ki/15/07.md index 8e4cf1937b..fcefd7e5df 100644 --- a/1ki/15/07.md +++ b/1ki/15/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -* **all that he did, are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah?** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:14:29]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Abijah slept with his ancestors** - AT: "Abijah died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This can stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# between Abijah and Jeroboam + +The names "Abijah" and "Jeroboam" represent the kings and their armies. AT: "between the armies of Abijah and Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Abijah slept with his ancestors + +In this euphemism, sleeping represents dying. AT: "Abijah died as his ancestors had" or "Like his ancestors, Abaijah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Abijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/09.md b/1ki/15/09.md index 50ebda5611..9dcbaec2dd 100644 --- a/1ki/15/09.md +++ b/1ki/15/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the twentieth year of Jeroboam's reign. AT: "After Jeroboam had been the king of Israel for almost twenty years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# In the twentieth year -* **In the twentieth year** - AT: "In year 20" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **forty-one years** - one years** - AT: "41 years" -* **right in the eyes of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"In year 20" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# forty-one years + +"41 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Asa's actions. AT: "what Yahweh judges to be right" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/12.md b/1ki/15/12.md index 9a07a82f30..fb633878d6 100644 --- a/1ki/15/12.md +++ b/1ki/15/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the cultic prostitutes -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] +This probably refers to prostitutes who were associated with idol worship and who were all men. AT: "religious prostitutes" or "the prostitutes who worked for idols" or "male prostitutes" -## translationNotes +# Asa cut down the disgusting figure -* **Asa cut down the disgusting figure** - AT: "Asa's workers cut down the disgusting figure" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Since Asa was king, he may have told his officials to cut down the figure. AT: "Asa caused the disgusting figure to be cut down" or "Asa made them cut down the disgusting figure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/14.md b/1ki/15/14.md index 3159a4c58c..b7bb37da74 100644 --- a/1ki/15/14.md +++ b/1ki/15/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But the high places were not taken away -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But Asa did not command the people to take away the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Asa's heart was completely devoted -* **But the shrines were not taken away** - AT: "But Asa did not command the people to take away the shrines" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Asa's heart was completely devoted** - AT: "Asa was completely devoted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The heart represents the person. AT: "Asa was completely devoted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all his days + +"the whole time that he lived" or "throughout his whole life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/16.md b/1ki/15/16.md index 1ec4bf0592..394381b549 100644 --- a/1ki/15/16.md +++ b/1ki/15/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all their days -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:baasha]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] +This refers to the entire time they reigned as kings. AT: "the whole time that they reigned over Judah and Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# acted aggressively against Judah -* **acted aggressively against Judah** - "attacked Judah" -* **built up Ramah** - It is implicit that the army of Baasha first captured Ramah. AT: "captured and fortified Ramah" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"attacked Judah" + +# built up Ramah + +It is implied that the army of Baasha first captured Ramah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "captured and fortified Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/18.md b/1ki/15/18.md index ac6840bfd7..69e5b1eb5b 100644 --- a/1ki/15/18.md +++ b/1ki/15/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He put it into the hands of his servants -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Putting things in their hands represents giving those things to them. It is implied that they would do with it what he wanted them to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "He entrusted it to his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# He said -* **He put it into the hands of his servants** - AT: "He entrusted it to his servants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **He said** - AT: "He told his servants to say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Look** - Here the word "Look" adds emphasis to what follows and to validate what was just said. AT: "As proof that I want a treaty with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Break your treaty with Baasha** - AT: "Break your treaty with Baasha and attack Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This means he spoke by means of his servants. Asa told his servants what to say to Ben Hadad and they did. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Asa told his servants to say to Ben Hadad" or "Through his servants, Asa said to Ben Hadad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let there be a covenant between me and you + +A covenant being between two people represents those two people having a covenant with each other. AT: "Let us have a covenant with each other" or "Let us make a peace treaty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Look + +This adds emphasis to what follows and validates what was just said. AT: "As proof that I want a treaty with you" + +# Break your covenant with Baasha king of Israel + +Breaking a covenant represents canceling it and not doing what one has promised to do. AT: "Cancel your covenant with Baasha king of Israel" or "Do not be loyal to Baasha king of Israel as you promised in your covenant with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Break your covenant with Baasha king of Israel + +Asa wanted Ben Hadad to attack Israel. Ben Hadad could only do that if he broke his covenant with the king of Israel. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Break your covenant with Baasha king of Israel, and attack Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/20.md b/1ki/15/20.md index ee78cdd17b..f3cda86ea5 100644 --- a/1ki/15/20.md +++ b/1ki/15/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# he stopped building up Ramah -* * -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **he stopped building up** - AT: "he had his workers stop building up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +King Baasha did this by telling his workers to do this. AT: "he had his workers stop building up Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Tirzah + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). + +# No one was exempted + +This can also be stated positively. AT: "Every one had to obey King Asa's proclamation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/23.md b/1ki/15/23.md index d9ff61b0d7..253bf8f906 100644 --- a/1ki/15/23.md +++ b/1ki/15/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah?** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:14:29]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **slept with his ancestors and was buried with them** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:14:29]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **David his father** - AT: "David his ancestor" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Asa slept with his ancestors + +Sleeping here is a euphemism which represents dying. AT: "Asa died as his ancestors had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried with them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# David his father + +The word "father" here refers to an ancestor. AT: "King David, his ancestor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/25.md b/1ki/15/25.md index cd4ac64390..71dfe44da6 100644 --- a/1ki/15/25.md +++ b/1ki/15/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The rest of chapter 15 and 16 is about the kings of Israel. These events happened while King Asa of Judah was still alive. -## translationNotes +# the second year of Asa king of Judah -* **what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **walked in the way of his father** - AT: "did the same things that his father had done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to the second year of Asa's reign. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "when Asa had been king of Judah for almost two years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he reigned over Israel two years + +"Nadab reigned over Israel two years" + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walked in the way of his father + +Walking here represents behaving. AT: "did the same things that his father had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in his own sin + +Walking in his own sin represents sinning in ways that were different from the ways that his father had sinned. AT: "he sinned in his own ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by which he led Israel to sin + +Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. AT: "and by sinning, he influenced Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/27.md b/1ki/15/27.md index f2294b1951..64372d91ad 100644 --- a/1ki/15/27.md +++ b/1ki/15/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# conspired against Nadab -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:baasha]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +"secretly plotted to kill King Nadab" -## translationNotes +# Gibbethon -* **consipired against Nadab** - "secretly plotted to kill Nadab" -* **Nadab and all Israel** - AT: "Nadab and the armies of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nadab and all Israel + +"The phrase "all Israel" is a generalization that represents the many soldiers of Israel. AT: "Nadab and the many soldiers of Israel" or "Nadab and the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# were laying siege to Gibbethon + +"were surrounding Gibbethon, so that the people of Gibbethon would surrender to them" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Nadab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/29.md b/1ki/15/29.md index 37030e299b..4448280afb 100644 --- a/1ki/15/29.md +++ b/1ki/15/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Baasha killed all the family of Jeroboam. He left none of Jeroboam's descendants breathing. -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] +These two sentences mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize his descendents were all killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# all the family of Jeroboam -* **Baasha killed all the family of Jeroboam. He left none of Jeroboam's descendants breathing.** - These two sentences mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **his royal line** - Here the word "his" refers to Jeroboam. +Jeroboam was King Nadab's father. + +# He left none of Jeroboam's descendants breathing + +Breathing represents being alive. AT: "He left none of Jeroboam's descendants living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his royal line + +"Jeroboam's royal line" + +# just as Yahweh had spoken by his servant Ahijah the Shilonite + +In [1 Kings 14:10-11](../14/09.md) Yahweh spoke through his prophet Ahijah and told Jeroboam that he would destroy his family. + +# Ahijah the Shilonite + +"Ahijah, who was from Shiloh" + +# for the sins of Jeroboam which he committed and by which he led Israel to sin + +The abstract noun "sins" can be expressed with the verb "sin." AT: "because Jeroboam sinned and led Israel to sin in the same ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# by which he led Israel to sin + +Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do something. AT: "by which he influenced Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/31.md b/1ki/15/31.md index 7eab05fd15..68e85a1015 100644 --- a/1ki/15/31.md +++ b/1ki/15/31.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Nadab is in this other book. See how you translated a similar phrase concerning Judah in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel?** - AT: "they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all their days + +This refers to the whole period of time that they reign as kings. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:16](./16.md) AT: "the whole time that they reigned over Judah and Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/33.md b/1ki/15/33.md index fe1e5f4d97..052a015724 100644 --- a/1ki/15/33.md +++ b/1ki/15/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This chapter told about how Baasha became king in [1 Kings 15:27-28](./27.md). These verses begin to tell about Baasha as king of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Tirzah -* **what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **walked in the way of Jeroboam** - AT: "did the same things that Jeroboam had done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and in his sin** - Here the word "his" refers to Baasha. +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walked in the way of Jeroboam + +Walking here represents behaving. AT: "did the same things that Jeroboam had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in his sin by which he led Israel to sin + +Possible meanings are that "his" and "he" refer to 1) Baasha or 2) Jeroboam. + +# by which he led Israel to sin + +Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. AT: "and by sinning, he influenced Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/intro.md b/1ki/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8fbba83776 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Kings 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +Judah had some bad kings and some good kings. All of the kings in Israel continued to worship the golden calves, so they were all considered to be bad. Judah and Israel continually fought each other. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "But the shrines were not taken away." ##### +At the shrines, the people worshiped Yahweh. But later, during Hezekiah's reign, it was decided that all sacrifices must be made only at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/01.md b/1ki/16/01.md index 345f65bf9a..fa44431e67 100644 --- a/1ki/16/01.md +++ b/1ki/16/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:baasha]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This idiom means God spoke. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Although I exalted you -* **out of the dust** - "from a lowly and insignificant position" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **walked in the way of Jeroboam** - AT: "done the same things that Jeroboam did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is God's message that Jehu was to give to Baasha. The word "you" refers to Baasha. + +# I exalted you out of the dust + +"I raised you out of the dust." Being in the dust on the ground represents not being important. Exalting someone represents making him important. AT: "I raised you from a very unimportant position" or "when you had no power or influence over people, I made you important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have walked in the way of Jeroboam + +Walking represents behaving. Jeroboam and Baasha both sinned. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "you have done the same things that Jeroboam did" or "you have sinned as Jeroboam sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/03.md b/1ki/16/03.md index 4b30e8e186..6e953cc5ac 100644 --- a/1ki/16/03.md +++ b/1ki/16/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:sweep]] +Yahweh continues telling Baasha what he will do to him. -## translationNotes +# See, I will completely sweep away Baasha and his family -* **I will make your family** - Here the word "your" refers to Baasha. +Yahweh is speaking to Baasha, and the phrase "his family" refers to Baasha's family. This can be translated using the words "you" and "your." AT: "Listen, Baasha. I will completely sweep away you and your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will completely sweep away + +Sweeping away represents destroying. AT: "I will completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/05.md b/1ki/16/05.md index 58c258ea52..91cd2879a2 100644 --- a/1ki/16/05.md +++ b/1ki/16/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Baasha is in this other book. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel?** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:15:31]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **slept with his ancestors and was buried** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:14:29]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Baasha slept with his ancestors + +Sleeping is a euphemism that represents dying. AT: "Baasha died as his ancestors had" or "Like his ancestors, Baasha died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Tirzah + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Baasha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/07.md b/1ki/16/07.md index 6df49b93a0..bdb55a9869 100644 --- a/1ki/16/07.md +++ b/1ki/16/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:baasha]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# all the evil that he did in the sight of Yahweh -* **the evil that he did in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "the things that he did that Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the work of his hands** - AT: "the things that he had done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "all the things that Baasha that are evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "all the things that Baaha did that Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so as to provoke him to anger + +The abstract noun "anger" can be expressed with the adjective "angry." AT: "so as to make Yahweh very angry" or "that made God very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# with the work of his hands + +Here Basha is represented by his "hands." This speaks of all of his actions as his "work." AT: "by the things Baasha had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/08.md b/1ki/16/08.md index 89e0cc7be2..a329e0a9d0 100644 --- a/1ki/16/08.md +++ b/1ki/16/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Tirzah -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). -## translationNotes +# His servant Zimri -* **His servant Zimri** - The word "His" refers to Elah. -* }} +"Elah's servant Zimri" + +# captain of half his chariots + +The word "chariots" here represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. AT: "captain of half his chariot drivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# drinking himself drunk + +This is an idiom. AT: "drinking so much wine that he was getting drunk" or "getting drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who was over the household + +Being over the household represents being in charge of the things in King Elah's house. AT: "who was in charge of the things in the Elah's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# attacked him and killed him + +"attacked and killed Elah" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Elah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/11.md b/1ki/16/11.md index 7e69e9be8f..d6f5f88d8e 100644 --- a/1ki/16/11.md +++ b/1ki/16/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He did not leave alive a single male -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means that he killed all the men and boys. AT: "He did not leave even one male alive" -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh -* **as was told them by the word of Yahweh** - AT: "as Yahweh had told them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the God of Israel** - Here the word "Israel" refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob. +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" + +# which he spoke against Baasha by Jehu the prophet + +Speaking "by" a prophet represents telling a prophet to speak and the prophet speaking. AT: "that Yahweh told Jehu the prophet to speak against Baasha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they had led Israel to sin + +Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. AT: "they had influenced Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they had led Israel to sin + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the ten northern tribes of Israel. Baasha and Elah had been their king. + +# they provoked Yahweh, the God of Israel, to anger with their idols + +God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "they made Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the God of Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/14.md b/1ki/16/14.md index 33913d3b8c..0e7a4e3fe9 100644 --- a/1ki/16/14.md +++ b/1ki/16/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written ... kings of Israel? -* [[en:tw:written]] +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Elah is in this other book. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# are they not written ... Israel? -* See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:15:31]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/15.md b/1ki/16/15.md index b6fab09b34..e9447f69d0 100644 --- a/1ki/16/15.md +++ b/1ki/16/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Tirzah -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). -## translationNotes +# the army was camped by Gibbethon -* **The army camped there heard it said** - AT: "The soldiers who camped there heard someone say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all Israel declared** - AT: "all the men of the army declared" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The word "army" refers to the army of the kingdom of Israel. + +# Gibbethon + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 15:27](../15/27.md). + +# The army camped there heard it said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers who camped there heard someone say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all Israel + +Both times this phrase is used, it represents the army of Israel. Here the word "all" is a generalization meaning "most." AT: "all the army of Israel" or "most of the soldiers in the army of Israel" or "the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/18.md b/1ki/16/18.md index 4ce5f85d62..158d49fb6b 100644 --- a/1ki/16/18.md +++ b/1ki/16/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# that the city had been taken -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Omri and the army had taken the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* **what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **walking in the way of Jeroboam** - AT: "doing the same things that Jeroboam had done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel?** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:15:31]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walking in the way of Jeroboam + +Here walking represents behaving. AT: "doing the same things that Jeroboam had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so as to lead Israel to sin + +Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. AT: "so as to influence Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the treason that he carried out + +This treason refers to Zimri's plot to kill Elah, the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "how he plotted against King Elah" or "how he killed the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? + +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Zimri is in this other book. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated a similar phrase concerning Judah in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# are they not written ... Israel? + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/21.md b/1ki/16/21.md index b5635a3efa..5cc4bb434a 100644 --- a/1ki/16/21.md +++ b/1ki/16/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# followed Tibni ... followed Omri -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Here "followed" represents supporting or wanting to make him king. AT: "supported Tibni son of Ginath, to make him king, and half supported Omri" or "wanted to make Tibni son of Ginath king, and half wanted to make Omri king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# were stronger than the people who followed Tibni -* **followed Tibni...followed Omri** - AT: "supported Tibni...supported Omri" -* **were stronger than the people who followed Tibni** - "overpowered the people who followed Tibni" +"overpowered the people who followed Tibni" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/23.md b/1ki/16/23.md index f4340276e3..fede15db40 100644 --- a/1ki/16/23.md +++ b/1ki/16/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Tirzah -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). -## translationNotes +# Shemer -* **two talents of silver** - A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: "about 68 kilograms of silver" (UDB) (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **He built a city** - The word "He" refers to Omri. AT: "Omri's workers built a city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# two talents of silver + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about 66 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# He built a city + +The word "He" refers to Omri. He commanded people to build the city. AT: "Omri had his people build a city" or "Omri commanded and his workers built a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# after the name of Shemer + +This is an idiom that means "to honor Shemer" or "so that people would remember Shemer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/25.md b/1ki/16/25.md index 78262e37af..c64a23ffd7 100644 --- a/1ki/16/25.md +++ b/1ki/16/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# walked in all the ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat -* **what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **walked in the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat** - AT: "did the same things that Jeroboam the son of Nebat had done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to provoke Yahweh...to anger with their idols** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:16:11]]. +Walking represents behaving. AT: "did all the same things that Jeroboam son of Nebat did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in his sins by which he led Israel to sin + +Possible meanings are that "his" and "he" refer to 1) Baasha or 2) Jeroboam. + +# in his sins + +Possible meanings are walking in his sins represents 1) sinning as Jeroboam sinned. AT: "he sinned as Jeroboam sinned" or 2) or sinning habitually. AT: "he sinned habitually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by which he led Israel to sin + +Leading people to sin represents influencing them to sin. AT: "his sins, by which he influenced Israel to sin" or "and by sinning like this, he influenced people to sin. + +# to provoke Yahweh ... to be angry with their worthless idols + +God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 16:13](./11.md). AT: "to make Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped worthless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# their worthless idols + +The word "worthless" here reminds people that idols are worthless because they cannot do anything. AT: "their idols, which are worthless" or "their idols, which are useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# the God of Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/27.md b/1ki/16/27.md index b630d620f8..b393f94b10 100644 --- a/1ki/16/27.md +++ b/1ki/16/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Omri is in this other book. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# are they not written ... Israel? -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel?** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ki:15:31]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **slept with his ancestors and was buried** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:14:29]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Omri slept with his ancestors + +The euphemism "sleeping" here represents dying. AT: "Omri died as his ancestors had" or "Like his ancestors, Omri died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Omri" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/29.md b/1ki/16/29.md index e666e4d953..588a3bcbe2 100644 --- a/1ki/16/29.md +++ b/1ki/16/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] - -## translationNotes - -* **what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/31.md b/1ki/16/31.md index e1db20f471..369b786768 100644 --- a/1ki/16/31.md +++ b/1ki/16/31.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It was to Ahab a trivial thing to walk in the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This implies that Ahab wanted to commit worse sins. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "It was as if Ahab thought that walking in the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat was not enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# It was to Ahab a trivial thing -* **It was to Ahab a trivial thing to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat** - AT: "As if committing the same sins that Jeroboam the son of Nebat had committed wasn't bad enough for Ahab" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a trivial thing** - "an insignificant thing" -* **worshiped Baal and bowed down to him** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This is an idiom. The phrase "to Ahab" means that Ahab considered or thought something. AT: "Ahab considered it a trivial thing" or "Ahab thought that it was not enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a trivial thing + +"an insignificant thing" or "not enough" + +# to walk in the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat + +Walking in Jeroboam's sins represents sinning as Jeroboam had sinned. AT: "to sin as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# worshiped Baal and bowed down to him + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase "bowed down to him" describes the posture that people used in worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the God of Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the nation of Israel, which consisted of twelve tribes. + +# the kings of Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the kingdom of Israel, which consisted of ten tribes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/34.md b/1ki/16/34.md index 7485debfb4..98a5b20c78 100644 --- a/1ki/16/34.md +++ b/1ki/16/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# at the cost of the life of Abiram, his firstborn son -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The consequence of building the city is spoken of as if it were a cost that Hiel paid. AT: "and the consequence of his sin was that Abiram, his firstborn son, died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Segub, his youngest son, lost his life -* **In his days** - Here the word "his" refers to Ahab. +Dying is spoken of as if he lost his life. AT: "Segub, his youngest son, died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# while he was building the gates of the city + +"while Hiel was building the gates of the city" + +# in keeping with the word of Yahweh + +"according to the word of Yahweh" + +# the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" + +# which he spoke by Joshua son of Nun + +Speaking "by" someone represents both telling someone to speak and the person doing it. AT: "which Yahweh caused Joshua son of Nun to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/intro.md b/1ki/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..39f39c50a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Kings 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Incorrect worship ##### +The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha's son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri's son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/01.md b/1ki/17/01.md index 457dc9c3e1..6438c9b16a 100644 --- a/1ki/17/01.md +++ b/1ki/17/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the Tishbite -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of a people group from Tishbe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Tishbe -* **As Yahweh, the God of Israel, lives** - This phrase is used to add emphasis to the oath that follows. -* **before whom I stand** - AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# As Yahweh, the God of Israel lives + +This phrase is an oath to emphasize that what he will say is true. + +# before whom I stand + +This is an idiom that means "to serve." AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# dew + +drops of water that form on the plants during the night \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/02.md b/1ki/17/02.md index 22c0dea57e..72b6a65762 100644 --- a/1ki/17/02.md +++ b/1ki/17/02.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This idiom means God spoke. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Kerith -* **It will happen that** - This phrase is used to introduce how Yahweh will take care of Elijah during the drought. AT: "This is what will happen" +This is the name of a very small stream. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It will happen that + +This phrase is used to introduce how Yahweh will take care of Elijah during the drought. AT: "There" + +# ravens + +large, black birds (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/05.md b/1ki/17/05.md index e7a3da9c5d..89d6528ab7 100644 --- a/1ki/17/05.md +++ b/1ki/17/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# as the word of Yahweh commanded -* [[en:tw:bread]] +Here "the word" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the brook Kerith -* **as the word of Yahweh commanded** - AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the brook Kerith** - This is the name of a very small stream. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in the land** - "in that area" or "in that country" +This is the name of a very small stream. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 17:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the land + +"in that area" or "in that country" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/08.md b/1ki/17/08.md index 21a723df37..6a2c39a573 100644 --- a/1ki/17/08.md +++ b/1ki/17/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] +This idiom means God spoke. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# came to him -* **came to him** - Here the word "him" refers to Elijah. -* **Look** - The word "Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. +Here the word "him" refers to Elijah. + +# Zarephath + +This is a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Look + +The word "Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/11.md b/1ki/17/11.md index 889c27a0a8..9c83ecda0a 100644 --- a/1ki/17/11.md +++ b/1ki/17/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# As Yahweh your God lives -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is an oath to emphasize that what she will say is true. -## translationNotes +# only a handful of meal -* **As Yahweh your God lives** - This phrase is an oath to emphasize that what she will say is true. -* **See** - The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. -* **two sticks** - This may refer to two sticks or to only a few sticks. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **afterward make some for you and for your son** - It is implicit that there would be enough flour and oil to make more bread. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"only a little bit of meal" + +# meal + +"flour." This what is used to make bread. + +# See + +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# two sticks + +This may refer to two sticks or to only a few sticks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# that we may eat it, and die + +It is implied that they will die because they do not have anymore food. AT: "that we may eat. Afterwards, we will starve to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# afterward make some for you and for your son + +It is implicit that there would be enough flour and oil to make more bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/14.md b/1ki/17/14.md index e5c5dcbf0f..cddab8ac10 100644 --- a/1ki/17/14.md +++ b/1ki/17/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh sends rain -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that means Yahweh causes it to rain. AT: "Yahweh causes rain to fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# She and Elijah, along with her household, ate for many days -* **Yahweh sends rain** - AT: "Yahweh causes rain to fall" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **just as the word of Yahweh had said** - AT: "just as Yahweh had said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +In the original language it says, "And she and he and her household ate for many days." It is unclear who "he" is. Possible meanings are 1) Elijah, the widow, and her son ate for many days or 2) the widow, her son, and everyone living in her house ate for many days or 3) Elijah, the widow, and everyone living in her house ate for many days. + +# along with her household + +Possible meanings for "household" are 1) this refers only to the widow's son or 2) this refers to other people who live in her house but are not named in the story or 3) this refers to her son and others living in her house. + +# just as the word of Yahweh had said + +Here "word" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "just as Yahweh had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/17.md b/1ki/17/17.md index 13a9a22317..f415812018 100644 --- a/1ki/17/17.md +++ b/1ki/17/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the woman's son, the woman who owned the house -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"the son of the woman who owned the house" -## translationNotes +# there was no more breath left in him -* -* **no more breath left in him** - AT: "he stopped breathing" or "he died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **What have I to do with you** - This could be translated as "What do we have in common?" or "I have nothing to do with you!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **man of God** - The phrase "man of God" is another title for a prophet. +This is a polite way of saying the boy died. AT: "he stopped breathing" or "he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# man of God + +The phrase "man of God" is another title for a prophet. + +# of my sin + +This means sins in general not a specific sin. AT: "of my sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/19.md b/1ki/17/19.md index 835db0f460..9f582d6ed3 100644 --- a/1ki/17/19.md +++ b/1ki/17/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# where he was staying -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "he" refers to Elijah. -## translationNotes +# on his own bed -* **have you also brought disaster on the widow...by killing her son?** - AT: "Surely, you could not have brought disaster on the widow...by killing her son!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **stretched himself on the child** - AT: "lay on top of the child" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "his" refers to Elijah. + +# have you also brought disaster on the widow with whom I am staying, by killing her son? + +Possible meanings are 1) Elijah is truly asking a question. AT: "why would you cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son" or 2) Elijah uses a question to express how sad he is. AT: "surely, you would not cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# have you also brought disaster on the widow + +Causing the widow to suffer is spoken of as if "disaster" were an object that is placed on the widow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# also brought disaster + +Here "also" means in addition to the disaster that the drought has caused. + +# stretched himself on the child + +This is an idiom. AT: "lay on top of the child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/22.md b/1ki/17/22.md index f32a135426..bf082e344a 100644 --- a/1ki/17/22.md +++ b/1ki/17/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh listened to the voice of Elijah -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here "voice" represents what Elijah prayed. AT: "Yahweh answered Elijah's prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the life of the child returned to him, and he revived -* **Yahweh listened to the voice of Elijah** - AT: "Yahweh answered Elijah's prayer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the life of the child returned to him again, and he revived** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **See, your son is alive** - The word "See" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **the word of Yahweh in your mouth is true** - AT: "the message that you spoke from Yahweh is true" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "the child came back to life" or "the child lived again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his room + +Here "his" refers to Elijah. + +# See, your son is alive + +The word "See" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# the word of Yahweh in your mouth is true + +"the message of Yahweh in your mouth is true." The word "mouth" represents what Elijah said. AT: "the message that you spoke from Yahweh is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/intro.md b/1ki/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..04b9efe96e --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Kings 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the beginning of the story of Elijah. (1 Kings 17 – 2 Kings 2) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Baal worship ##### +Ahab had introduced the worship of Baal, the god people thought brought rain, to Israel. Because of this, God caused a drought. Elijah told Ahab that it would not rain or dew until he, Elijah, said so. Elijah had to hide so Ahab would not kill him for bringing the drought. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/01.md b/1ki/18/01.md index 24b31e5063..44df1467ce 100644 --- a/1ki/18/01.md +++ b/1ki/18/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# send rain on the land -* **send rain on the land** - AT: "cause rain to fall on the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **now the famine was severe** - The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells background information about how the famine had affected Samaria. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +"cause rain to fall on the land" + +# now the famine was severe + +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells background information about how the famine had affected Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/03.md b/1ki/18/03.md index 424c439da5..b586948c96 100644 --- a/1ki/18/03.md +++ b/1ki/18/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Obadiah honored Yahweh -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story. -## translationNotes +# one hundred prophets and hid them by fifties -* **Now Obadiah honored Yahweh** - The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story. -* **one hundred prophets and hid them by fifties** - AT: "100 prophets and hid them in groups of 50" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"100 prophets and hid them in groups of 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/05.md b/1ki/18/05.md index 7c80963cd3..38e0134574 100644 --- a/1ki/18/05.md +++ b/1ki/18/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# save the horses and mules alive ... not lose all the animals -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "prevent the horses and mules from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Ahab went one way by himself and Obadiah went another way -* **save the horses and mules alive...not lose all the animals** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "prevent the horses and mules from dying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way** - The phrase "by himself" emphasizes that Ahab and Obadiah went in separate directions, not necessarily that no one was with Ahab. AT: "Ahab lead a team in one direction, and Obadiah lead a team in the other direction" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The phrase "by himself" emphasizes that Ahab and Obadiah went in separate directions, not necessarily that no one was with Ahab. AT: "Ahab lead a team in one direction and Obadiah lead a team in the other direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/07.md b/1ki/18/07.md index cac860781b..c118dc4890 100644 --- a/1ki/18/07.md +++ b/1ki/18/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# master Elijah -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Here the word "master" is used as a term of respect. -## translationNotes +# Go tell your master, 'Look, Elijah is here.' -* **Is it you, my master Elijah?** - AT: "Master Elijah, you have come!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **master Elijah** - Here the word "master" is used as a term of respect. -* **Go tell your master, 'Look, Elijah is here'** - Here the word "master" refers to Ahab. -* **Look** - The word "Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. +Here the word "master" refers to Ahab. + +# Look + +The word "Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/09.md b/1ki/18/09.md index 5a52b63589..2ed932f52d 100644 --- a/1ki/18/09.md +++ b/1ki/18/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# How have I sinned ... for him to kill me? -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Obadiah asks this question to emphasize the danger to himself because of King Ahab's anger at Elijah. AT: "I have not wronged you ... for him to kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# give your servant into the hand of Ahab -* **How have I sinned...for him to kill me?** - AT: "It is as if I had wronged you...for him to kill me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **give your servant into the hand of Ahab** - "deliver your servant to Ahab" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **servant** - Obadiah refers to himself as Elijah's servant in order to honor Elijah. -* **As Yahweh your God lives** - This is an oath used to emphasize that what he is saying is true. -* **there is no nation...where my master has not sent men** - AT: "my master has sent men everywhere" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Yet now** - This phrase is used to emphasize the danger in what Elijah is telling Obadiah to do. +"Hand" is metonymy for power and control. AT: "deliver your servant to Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your servant + +Obadiah refers to himself as Elijah's servant in order to honor Elijah. + +# As Yahweh your God lives + +This is an oath used to emphasize that what he is saying is true. + +# there is no nation or kingdom where my master has not sent men + +Here "no nation or kingdom" is an exaggeration that means that men have traveled very far and gone to many places to find Elijah. This can be expressed positively. AT: "my master has sent men to nations and kingdoms near and far" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Yet now + +This phrase is used to emphasize the danger in what Elijah is telling Obadiah to do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/12.md b/1ki/18/12.md index d6a76be3a9..51d07962a6 100644 --- a/1ki/18/12.md +++ b/1ki/18/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Has it not been told to you ... with bread and water? -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord, Spirit of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Surely you have been told about what I did ... with bread and water!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# my master -* **Has it not been told to you...with bread and water?** - AT: "Surely you have been told about what I did...with bread and water?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **my master** - Here the word "master" is a term of respect used to refer to Elijah. -* **one hundred of Yahweh’s prophets by fifties** - "100 of Yahweh's prophets in groups of 50" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here the word "master" is a term of respect used to refer to Elijah. + +# one hundred of Yahweh's prophets by fifties + +"100 of Yahweh's prophets in groups of 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/14.md b/1ki/18/14.md index 4ac8bc9f31..3f54dd6e7d 100644 --- a/1ki/18/14.md +++ b/1ki/18/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Go and tell your master that Elijah is here -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +See how you translated these words in [1 Kings 18:11](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# your master -* **now you say, 'Go, tell your master that Elijah is here,'** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:18:09]]. -* **your master** - Here "master" refers to King Ahab. -* **As Yahweh of hosts lives** - This is an oath to emphasize that what he will say is true. -* **before whom I stand** - AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "master" refers to King Ahab. + +# As Yahweh of hosts lives + +This is an oath to emphasize that what he will say is true. + +# before whom I stand + +To "stand before" is an idiom for being in someone's presence and ready to serve him. AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/16.md b/1ki/18/16.md index 5e58e4ba8a..2e39ca2643 100644 --- a/1ki/18/16.md +++ b/1ki/18/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# told him what Elijah said -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] +"Obadiah told Ahab what Elijah had told him to say" -## translationNotes +# Is it you? You are the one who brings trouble to Israel! -* **he told him** - AT: "Obadiah told Ahab what Elijah had told him to say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Is it you, you troublemaker of Israel?** - AT: "So here you are, you troublemaker of Israel!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Ahab asks the question for emphasis to be certain about Elijah's identity. AT: "So here you are. You are the troublemaker of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/18.md b/1ki/18/18.md index da9a920e37..587f75f083 100644 --- a/1ki/18/18.md +++ b/1ki/18/18.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a generalization to refer to the leaders and people who represent the ten tribes of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# 450 prophets -* **all Israel** - This refers to the leaders and people who represent the ten tribes of the northern kingdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **450 prophets** - "four hundred and fifty prophets" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **four hundred prophets** - "400 prophets" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"four hundred and fifty prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# four hundred prophets + +"400 prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/20.md b/1ki/18/20.md index 7e214f7fad..6751148a71 100644 --- a/1ki/18/20.md +++ b/1ki/18/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# sent word to ... and gathered -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Word" represents Ahab's message and is also a metonym for the messenger who delivered the message. This is a common statement used with the meaning understood. AT: "sent a message to ... and gathered" or "sent a messenger to summon ... to gather" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# How long will you keep changing your mind? -* **sent word** - "sent a message" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **How long will you keep changing your mind?** - Elijah asks this question to urge the people to make a decision. AT: "You have been indecisive for long enough." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **did not answer him a word** - "did not say anything" or "were silent" +Elijah asks this question to urge the people to make a decision. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You have been indecisive for long enough." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# did not answer him a word + +"did not say anything" or "were silent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/22.md b/1ki/18/22.md index bb9ceab63b..e31b325d32 100644 --- a/1ki/18/22.md +++ b/1ki/18/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I, I alone, am left -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. -## translationNotes +# 450 men -* **I, I alone, am left** - The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **call on the name of your god...call on the name of Yahweh** - AT: "call to your god...call to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **all the people answered and said, "This is good."** - AT: all the people said, "This is a good thing to do." +"four hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# call on the name of your god ... call on the name of Yahweh + +"Name" is metonymy for the reputation and honor of someone and "calling on" him represents an appeal. AT: "call to your god ... call to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the people answered and said, "This is good." + +"all the people said, 'This is a good thing to do.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/25.md b/1ki/18/25.md index fb0a7b7962..8dbc5f6971 100644 --- a/1ki/18/25.md +++ b/1ki/18/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# prepare it -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"make it ready to be sacrificed" -## translationNotes +# you are many people -* **prepare it** - "make it ready to be sacrificed" -* **you are many people** - Here the word "you" is plural. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **the bull that was given to them** - AT: "the bull that someone gave them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **But there was no voice, nor anyone who answered** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "But Baal did not say or do anything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# They took the bull + +"The prophets of Baal took the bull" + +# the bull that was given to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the bull that someone gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But there was no voice, nor anyone who answered + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that there was no one to respond to the prayers of the false prophets. The word "voice" represents someone speaking. AT: "But Baal did not say or do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/27.md b/1ki/18/27.md index c59ceea989..e5112fe61c 100644 --- a/1ki/18/27.md +++ b/1ki/18/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Perhaps -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"Maybe" or "It could be that" -## translationNotes +# relieving himself -* **Perhaps** - "Maybe" or "It could be that" -* **relieving himself** - AT: "in the bathroom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **must be awakened** - AT: "you must awaken him" or "you must wake him up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they were still raving** - "they continued their wild behavior." Prophets were often expected to act in ways that seemed unusual or even crazy. In this case they were calling on Baal while dancing, shouting loudly, and cutting themselves with knives. -* **of offering of the evening sacrifice** - AT: "to offer the evening sacrifice" -* **evening** - when daylight begins to turn dark as the sun goes down -* **but there was no voice or anyone to answer; there was no one who paid any attention to their pleadings** - These phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "but Baal did not say or do anything or even pay attention" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This euphemism is a more pleasant way to express a harsh statement. Elijah uses understatement to insult Baal with sarcasm. AT: "in the bathroom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# must be awakened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must awaken him" or "you must wake him up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they were still raving + +"they continued their wild behavior." Prophets often acted in ways that seemed unusual or even crazy. In this case they were calling on Baal while dancing, shouting loudly, and cutting themselves with knives. + +# of offering of the evening sacrifice + +"to offer the evening sacrifice" + +# but there was no voice or anyone to answer; there was no one who paid any attention to their pleadings + +These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one responded to the prayers of the false prophets. AT: "but Baal did not say or do anything or even pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there was no voice or anyone to answer + +See how you translated this in [1 Kings 18:26](./25.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/30.md b/1ki/18/30.md index 14e11c1416..cb6cf7ed91 100644 --- a/1ki/18/30.md +++ b/1ki/18/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# twelve stones -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"12 stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# in the name of Yahweh -* **twelve stones** - AT: "12 stones" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **in the name of Yahweh** - Possible meanings are 1) "to honor Yahweh" or 2) "with the authority of Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **trench** - a small waterway to hold water -* **two seahs of seeds** - A seah is a unit of volume equal to about 7.7 liters. AT: "about 15 liters of seeds" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"Name" is a metonymy for honor and reputation. Possible meanings are 1) "to honor Yahweh" or 2) "with the authority of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# trench + +a small waterway to hold water + +# two seahs of seeds + +A seah is a unit of volume equal to about 7.7 liters. AT: "about 15 liters of seeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/33.md b/1ki/18/33.md index 26129de68a..0c0c8d6256 100644 --- a/1ki/18/33.md +++ b/1ki/18/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He arranged the wood for a fire -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] +"On the altar" where he placed the wood is assumed in this sentence. AT: "He put the wood for a fire on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# four jars -* **he placed the wood for a fire** - AT: "he put the wood for a fire on the altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **four jars** - AT: "4 jars" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **jar** - a container for water -* **trench** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/1ki/18/30]]. +"4 jars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# jars + +A jar is a container for water. + +# trench + +See how you translated this in [1 Kings 18:30](./30.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/36.md b/1ki/18/36.md index caa7933ff4..82efc6f8aa 100644 --- a/1ki/18/36.md +++ b/1ki/18/36.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This phrase is used here to reference a significant and meaningful time of the day in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel -* **It happened** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **evening** - See how you translated this in [[:en/bible/notes/1ki/18/27]]. -* **Yahweh, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel** - Here "Israel" is referring to Jacob. God changed Jacob's name to Israel (Genesis 32:28), and God named the nation of Jacob's descendants "Israel." -* **let it be known this day** - AT: "make these people know today" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Hear me...hear me** - This phrase is repeated for emphasis. -* **turned their heart back again to yourself** - AT: "caused them to worship you again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "Israel" is referring to Jacob. God changed Jacob's name to Israel (Genesis 32:28), and God named the nation of Jacob's descendants "Israel." + +# let it be known this day + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "make these people know today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hear me ... hear me + +This phrase is repeated to emphasize the appeal of Elijah to Yahweh. + +# turned their heart back again to yourself + +The people's "heart" is a metonymy for the affection and loyalty of the people. AT: "caused them to be loyal to you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/38.md b/1ki/18/38.md index b4e01060c1..31dea24a6c 100644 --- a/1ki/18/38.md +++ b/1ki/18/38.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the fire of Yahweh fell -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the fire of Yahweh came down" -## translationNotes +# licked up -* **the fire of Yahweh fell down** - AT: "the fire of Yahweh came down" -* **licked up** - The fire is compared to a thirsty person drinking water (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Yahweh, he is God! Yahweh, he is God!** - This phrase is repeated for emphasis. -* **brook Kishon** - A "brook" is a small stream or watercourse. (See: [[en/ta/vol1/translate/translate_names]]) +The fire is compared to a thirsty person drinking water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Yahweh, he is God! Yahweh, he is God! + +This phrase is repeated for emphasis. + +# brook Kishon + +A "brook" is a small stream or watercourse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/41.md b/1ki/18/41.md index 43bbd88674..620e30770b 100644 --- a/1ki/18/41.md +++ b/1ki/18/41.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# there is the sound of much rain -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:face]] +"it sounds like it is going to rain a lot" -## translationNotes +# bowed himself down on the earth and put his face between his knees -* **there is the sound of much rain** - AT: "it sounds like it is going to rain a lot" -* **bowed himself down on the earth, and put his face between his knees** - This describes a posture used for praying. +This describes a posture used for praying. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/43.md b/1ki/18/43.md index 0b7ae74cf5..0c8aa3a37b 100644 --- a/1ki/18/43.md +++ b/1ki/18/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# seven times -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The word "seven" can be rendered as the numeral "7." AT: "7 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# as small as a man's hand -* **seven times** - AT: "7 times" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **as small as a man's hand** - From a long distance, the cloud could be covered from sight by a man's hand. +From a long distance, the cloud could be covered from sight by a man's hand. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/45.md b/1ki/18/45.md index 69e28f9feb..05a0ee5c64 100644 --- a/1ki/18/45.md +++ b/1ki/18/45.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:Ahab]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark where a new step in the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# the hand of Yahweh was on Elijah -* **It happened** - This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **the hand of Yahweh was on Elijah** - Here the word "hand" represents strength. AT: "Yahweh gave his power to Elijah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **tucked his robe in his belt** - Elijah wrapped his long robe around his waist so that his legs would be free for running. +Here the word "hand" is a metonymy for strength. AT: "Yahweh gave his power to Elijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tucked his robe in his belt + +Elijah wrapped his long robe around his waist so that his legs would be free for running. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/intro.md b/1ki/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..701fe3a8dc --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Kings 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Elijah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Baal ##### +God proved himself to all the people of Israel. Elijah went to meet Ahab. He told Ahab to bring the 450 prophets of Baal and all the people to Mount Carmel. Then he proposed an experiment, which was carried out. The prophets of Baal took one bull, killed them, cut them up, and placed them on wood on an altar without lighting the fire. The prophets of Baal danced and prayed to Baal all morning and half the afternoon. After they were exhausted, Elijah built his altar and drenched it with water. Then he prayed. God answered his prayer with fire that burned up the sacrifice, the altar and the water. Then Elijah told the people to seize the prophets of Baal and kill them. After that, Elijah prayed for rain, and it rained very hard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Humor ##### + +Elijah insults the false god Baal. He states, "Perhaps he is thinking, or is relieving himself, or he is traveling on a journey, or perhaps he is sleeping and must be awakened." Baal was too busy in the bathroom to answer the prophets. "Relieving himself" is a euphemism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/01.md b/1ki/19/01.md index 3a1d8a5d9b..fa8b184db9 100644 --- a/1ki/19/01.md +++ b/1ki/19/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So may the gods do to me, and more also -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is a comparison used as an emphatic oath. "May the gods kill me and do even more bad things" -## translationNotes +# if I do not make your life like the life of one of those dead prophets -* **So may the gods do to me, and more also** - This is an oath used for emphasis. AT: "May the gods kill me and do even more bad things" -* **if I do not make your life like the life of one of those dead prophets** - AT: "if I do not kill you like you killed those prophets" -* **he arose** - "he stood up" +"if I do not kill you like you killed those prophets" + +# he arose + +"he stood up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/04.md b/1ki/19/04.md index ec20aa0eb5..050ea1f44f 100644 --- a/1ki/19/04.md +++ b/1ki/19/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he himself went a day's journey -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "himself" is used to emphasize that he was alone. AT: "he walked by himself for a day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# broom tree -* **he himself went a day’s journey** - The word "himself" is used to emphasize that he was alone. AT: "he walked by himself for a day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **broom tree** - A "broom tree" is a plant that grows in the desert. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **He requested for himself that he might die** - "He prayed that he would die" -* **It is enough, now, Yahweh** - AT: "These troubles are too much for me, Yahweh" or "I am very worried now, Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Get up** - "wake up" or "sit up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **bread that had been baked on coals** - AT: "bread that someone had cooked on hot stones" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **jug of water** - "a container of water" +A "broom tree" is a plant that grows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# He requested for himself that he might die + +"He prayed that he would die" + +# It is enough, now, Yahweh + +"These troubles are too much for me, Yahweh" + +# bread that had been baked on coals + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "bread that someone had cooked on hot stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# jug of water + +"a container of water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/07.md b/1ki/19/07.md index 2d9cffc179..da069255b7 100644 --- a/1ki/19/07.md +++ b/1ki/19/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# will be too much for you -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] +"will be too difficult for you." -## translationNotes +# he traveled in the strength of that food forty days and forty nights -* **will be too much for you** - "will be too difficult for you" -* **he traveled in the strength of that food forty days and forty nights** - AT: "that food gave him energy to travel for 40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"that food gave him energy to travel for 40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/09.md b/1ki/19/09.md index 386ca7a7df..8ba51537d7 100644 --- a/1ki/19/09.md +++ b/1ki/19/09.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to a cave there -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofIsrael]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +Here the word "there" refers to Mount Horeb. A cave is an opening in a mountainside that leads to a natural room or rooms underground. -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came to him and said to him -* **into a cave there** - Here the word "there" refers to Mount Horeb. A cave is an opening in a mountainside that leads to a natural room or rooms underground. -* **word of Yahweh came to him and said to him** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "Yahweh said to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **What are you doing here, Elijah?** - Yahweh asks this question to rebuke Elijah and to remind him of his duty. AT: "This is not where you should be, Elijah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I, only I, am left** - Here the word "I" is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to him. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to him:" See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# What are you doing here, Elijah? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke Elijah and to remind him of his duty. AT: "This is not where you should be, Elijah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I, only I, am left + +Here the word "I" is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/11.md b/1ki/19/11.md index 5dd2a935dc..524d9618f2 100644 --- a/1ki/19/11.md +++ b/1ki/19/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# on the mountain before me -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] - -## translationNotes - -* **on the mountain before me** - AT: "on the mountain in my presence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **struck the mountains** - "hit the mountains" +"Before me" is an idiom for standing in front of someone. AT: "on the mountain in my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/13.md b/1ki/19/13.md index fe38a1b533..f1a69b78b0 100644 --- a/1ki/19/13.md +++ b/1ki/19/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he wrapped his face in his cloak -* [[en:tw:face]] +"he covered his face with his cloak" A cloak is a long robe, a piece of clothing that covers the whole body. -## translationNotes +# Then a voice came to him -* **he wrapped his face in his cloak** - AT: "he covered his face with his cloak" or "he hid his eyes from seeing God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) A cloak is a long robe, a piece of clothing that covers the whole body. -* **entrance** - the opening where someone enters a cave or room -* **Then a voice came to him** - AT: "Then he heard a voice" -* **What are you doing here...trying to take my life, too.** - See how you translated this same text in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:19:09]]. +"Then he heard a voice" + +# What are you doing here ... and they are also trying to take my life + +See how you translated this text in [1 Kings 19:9-10](./09.md). + +# I, only I, am left + +Here the word "I" is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/15.md b/1ki/19/15.md index 8dc99e1b90..84d1ab3ffa 100644 --- a/1ki/19/15.md +++ b/1ki/19/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# prophet in your place -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **prophet in your place** - "prophet instead of you" +"prophet instead of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/17.md b/1ki/19/17.md index f42f8a1e7c..e9a006e5a7 100644 --- a/1ki/19/17.md +++ b/1ki/19/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It will happen -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This phrase is used to introduce what will happen when Elijah does what Yahweh has told him to do. "What will happen is" -## translationNotes +# whoever escapes from the sword of Hazael -* **It will happen** - This phrase is used to introduce what will happen when Elijah does what Yahweh has told him to do. AT: “What will happen is” -* **whoever escapes from the sword of Hazael** - AT: "whomever Hazael does not kill with the sword" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will leave for myself** - Here the words "I" and "myself" refer to Yahweh. AT: "I will save from death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **seven thousand people** - AT: "7,000 people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **whose knees have not bent down to Baal, and whose mouths have not kissed him** - This refers to things people did to worship idols. They are combined for emphasis. AT: "who have not bowed down and kissed Baal" or "who have not worshiped Baal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"Sword" is metonymy for for killing as in battle. AT: "whomever Hazael does not kill with the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will leave for myself + +Here the words "I" and "myself" refer to Yahweh. AT: "I will save from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# seven thousand people + +"7,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# whose knees have not bent down to Baal, and whose mouths have not kissed him + +"Bending down" and "kissing" are metonymies for actions people did to worship idols. They are combined for emphasis. AT: "who have not bowed down and kissed Baal" or "who have not worshiped Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/19.md b/1ki/19/19.md index 9c23f8cd67..79cb7b749c 100644 --- a/1ki/19/19.md +++ b/1ki/19/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Shaphat -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# twelve yoke of oxen -* **plowing** - To plow is to break up the ground with a large blade pulled behind animals so that seeds can be planted. -* **twelve yoke of oxen** - AT: "12 yoke of oxen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **he himself was plowing with the twelfth yoke** - The word "himself" indicates that Elisha was plowing with the last yoke, while other men were plowing with the other eleven yokes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he said, "Please** - The word "he" refers to Elisha. +"12 yoke of oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# he himself was plowing with the twelfth yoke + +The word "himself" indicates that Elisha was plowing with the last yoke, while other men were plowing with the other eleven yokes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he said, "Please + +The word "he" refers to Elisha. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/21.md b/1ki/19/21.md index 0915bf9346..5a5bcdc5b4 100644 --- a/1ki/19/21.md +++ b/1ki/19/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# he gave it to the people -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] - -## translationNotes - -* **he gave it to the people** - Elisha gave the cooked meat to the people of his city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Elisha gave the cooked meat to the people of his city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/intro.md b/1ki/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6eea287693 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Kings 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Elijah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +The queen was angry that Elijah had killed her prophets of Baal. She promised to kill Elijah. Elijah fled south into the desert south of Judah. He traveled on to Mount Horeb also known as Mount Sinai, the mountain of God. God asked him why he was there. He said he had come to Mount Horeb because Israel had deserted God, killed his prophets, and wanted to kill him. God sent him home to make Hazael the king of Aram, Jehu the king of Israel, and Elisha as the prophet in his place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/01.md b/1ki/20/01.md index 1ef12812a1..b163d093ff 100644 --- a/1ki/20/01.md +++ b/1ki/20/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Ben Hadad -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# thirty-two lesser kings -* **Benhadad** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **thirty-two lesser kings** - two lesser kings** - "32 lesser kings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **lesser kings** - AT: "kings ruling smaller numbers of people" +"32 lesser kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# lesser kings + +"kings ruling smaller groups of people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/04.md b/1ki/20/04.md index 3bd9623e2e..dff7e83f81 100644 --- a/1ki/20/04.md +++ b/1ki/20/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It is as you say -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is an idiom to express agreement. AT: "I agree with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# tomorrow about this time -* **It is as you say** - AT: "I agree with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **tomorrow about this time** - "tomorrow at the same time of day that it is now" -* **whatever pleases their eyes** - AT: "whatever pleases them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"tomorrow at the same time of day that it is now" + +# whatever pleases their eyes + +Here the "eyes" represent the whole person and emphasize them looking at something and desiring it. AT: "whatever pleases them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/07.md b/1ki/20/07.md index e39135d2d0..d73f2c1442 100644 --- a/1ki/20/07.md +++ b/1ki/20/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# of the land -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +"The land" represents all the people living there. AT: "of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# take note and see -* **of the land** - AT: "of the people of Israel" (See: [[en/ta/vol2/translate/figs_metonymy]]) -* **take note and see** - AT: "pay close attention to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I have not refused him** - AT: "I have agreed to his demands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **all the people** - AT: "all the people who were present" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"Take note" is an idiom to observe carefully. AT: "pay close attention to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have not refused him + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "I have agreed to his demands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/09.md b/1ki/20/09.md index 8e12d72e93..8c5d2ba95c 100644 --- a/1ki/20/09.md +++ b/1ki/20/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# May the gods do so to me and more also -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:ash]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +This is an oath with great emphasis. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 19:2](../19/01.md). -## translationNotes +# if even the ashes of Samaria will be enough for all the people who follow me to have a handful each -* **this second demand** - AT: "what you have demanded the second time" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **May the gods do so to me and more also** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:19:01]]. -* **if even the ashes of Samaria will be enough for all the people who follow me to have a handful each** - Benhadad is saying that his army will totally destroy everything in Samaria. See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Ben Hadad is threatening that his army will totally destroy everything in Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/11.md b/1ki/20/11.md index 09a63f9dae..051e263bdb 100644 --- a/1ki/20/11.md +++ b/1ki/20/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Tell Ben Hadad, 'No one who is just putting on his armor ... as if he were taking it off.' -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] - -## translationNotes - -* **"Tell Benhadad, 'No one who is just putting on his armor should boast as if he were taking it off.' "** - "Tell Benhadad, 'Do not boast as if you have already won a battle that you have not yet fought.' " (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is an expression to give advice. "Putting on armor" is metonymy for getting prepared for battle. "Tell Ben Hadad, 'Do not boast as if you have already won a battle that you have not yet fought.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/13.md b/1ki/20/13.md index 1e99b90395..d867217aa0 100644 --- a/1ki/20/13.md +++ b/1ki/20/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Then behold -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "behold" alerts us to the sudden appearance of a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## translationNotes +# Have you seen this great army? -* **Then behold** - The word “behold” alerts us to the sudden appearance of a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **Have you seen this great army?** - Yahweh asks this question to emphasize the size and strength of Benhadad's army. AT: "Look at this great army." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Look, I will place it into your hand today** - The word “Look” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **place it into your hand** - Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "give you victory over that army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **By whom?** - AT: "By whom will you do this?" -* **Ahab mustered the young officers** - "Ahab assembled the young officers" -* **232** - AT: "two hundred and thirty-two" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **all the soldiers, all the army of Israel** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **seven thousand** - AT: "7,000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Yahweh asks this question to emphasize the size and strength of Ben Hadad's army. AT: "Look at this great army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Look, I will place it into your hand today + +The word "Look" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# place it into your hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "give you victory over that army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# By whom? + +Ahab leaves out the words 'will you do this' AT: "By whom will you do this?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Ahab mustered the young officers + +"Ahab assembled the young officers" + +# 232 + +"two hundred and thirty-two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# all the soldiers, all the army of Israel + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# seven thousand + +"7,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/16.md b/1ki/20/16.md index 88122845f0..d666d3730d 100644 --- a/1ki/20/16.md +++ b/1ki/20/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They went out -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +Here the word "They" refers to the Israelite army. -## translationNotes +# thirty-two lesser kings -* **They went out** - Here the word "They" refers to the Israelite army. -* **thirty-two lesser kings** - two lesser kings** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:20:01]]. -* ** Benhadad was informed by scouts that he had sent out** - AT: "Scouts that Benhadad had sent out informed him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **scouts** - A "scout" is a soldier sent to gather information about the enemy. +See how you translated this in [1 Kings 20:1](./01.md). + +# Ben Hadad was informed by scouts that he had sent out + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "Scouts that Ben Hadad had sent out informed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# scouts + +A "scout" is a soldier sent to gather information about the enemy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/18.md b/1ki/20/18.md index b15ffaea34..1ce4732254 100644 --- a/1ki/20/18.md +++ b/1ki/20/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Ben Hadad said -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +It is understood that Ben Hadad is speaking to his soldiers. AT: "Ben Hadad said to his soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Whether they have ... take them -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Here "they" and "them" refer to the Israelite army. + +# So the young officers ... the army followed + +"The young Israelite officers ... the Israelite army followed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/20.md b/1ki/20/20.md index 55bc999f19..ccbb34a91f 100644 --- a/1ki/20/20.md +++ b/1ki/20/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel pursued them -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +"Israel" is synecdoche for all the soldiers of the nation of Israel. AT: "the men of the army of Israel pursued them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the king of Israel went out and attacked -* **Israel pursued them** - AT: "the men of the army of Israel pursued them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the king of Israel went out and attacked** - AT: "The king of Israel and his soldiers went out and attacked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"The king" is synecdoche for the king and all the soldiers serving under him. AT: "The king of Israel and his soldiers went out and attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/22.md b/1ki/20/22.md index 2aa9980a1f..33c223091d 100644 --- a/1ki/20/22.md +++ b/1ki/20/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# strengthen yourself -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +"Yourself" represents by metonymy the army of the king. AT: "strengthen your forces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# understand and plan -* **strengthen yourself** - AT: "strengthen your forces" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **understand and plan** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "determine" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **at the return of the year** - Possible meanings are 1) "in the springtime of next year" (UDB) or 2) "at this time next year." -* **let us fight...we will be stronger** - The words "us" and "we" refer to the servants, the king, and the army. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "determine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# at the return of the year + +Possible meanings are 1) "in the springtime of next year" or 2) "at this time next year." + +# let us fight ... we will be stronger + +The words "us" and "we" refer to the servants, the king, and the army all together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/24.md b/1ki/20/24.md index a4c0e97a8f..2aa42c35bb 100644 --- a/1ki/20/24.md +++ b/1ki/20/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Remove all the kings from their positions of authority -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] - -## translationNotes - -* **take the kings away, every one out of his command** - AT: "You must remove the thirty-two kings who are leading your troops and replace them with army commanders." +"You must remove the thirty-two kings who are leading your troops" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/26.md b/1ki/20/26.md index 3ab6aa13ad..f1d8c42c55 100644 --- a/1ki/20/26.md +++ b/1ki/20/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Aphek -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# to fight against Israel -* **Aphek** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **to fight against Israel** - AT: "to fight against the army of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The people of Israel were mustered and supplied** - AT: "The Israelite army was also gathered together, and they were given the things that they needed for the battle." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **like two little flocks of goats** - The Israelite army appears small and weak like new-born goats. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Israel" represents the army of Israel. AT: "to fight against the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The people of Israel were mustered and supplied + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Israelite army also gathered together, and the commanders gave the arms that they needed for the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# like two little flocks of goats + +This simile compares the Israelite army to two little flocks of goats. AT: "The Israelite army appeared to be small and weak like two flocks of goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/28.md b/1ki/20/28.md index 25ffd93952..91f21788e8 100644 --- a/1ki/20/28.md +++ b/1ki/20/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# a man of God -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is another title for a prophet. AT: "a prophet" -## translationNotes +# place this great army into your hand -* **a man of God** - This is another title for a prophet. AT: "a prophet" (UDB) -* **place this great army into your hand** - Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "give you victory over this great army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "give you victory over this great army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/29.md b/1ki/20/29.md index 9f187e3d14..76dfef0f07 100644 --- a/1ki/20/29.md +++ b/1ki/20/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# seven days +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 100,000 -* **seven days** - AT: "7 days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **one hundred thousand** - AT: "100,000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **footmen** - A "footman" is a soldier who marches on foot. -* **The rest fled to Aphek** - AT: "The rest of the Aramean soldiers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **twenty-seven thousand** - seven thousand** - "27,000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"one hundred thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# footmen + +A "footman" is a soldier who marches on foot. + +# The rest fled to Aphek + +The expression "the rest" assumes the words "of the Aramean soldiers." AT: "The rest of the Aramean soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Aphek + +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty-seven thousand + +"27,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/31.md b/1ki/20/31.md index c370e79d2a..91f6f68385 100644 --- a/1ki/20/31.md +++ b/1ki/20/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Look now -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This emphasizes what they will say. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what we are about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# put sackcloth around our waists and ropes around our heads -* **Look now** - These words emphasize what they will say. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what we are about to tell you" -* **put sackcloth around our waists and ropes around our heads** - This was a sign of surrender. -* **Is he still alive?** - Ahab asks this question to express surprise. AT: "I am surprised that he is still alive!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **He is my brother** - AT: "He is like a brother to me" (UDB) or "He is like family" +This was a sign of surrender. + +# Is he still alive? + +Ahab asks this question to express surprise. AT: "I am surprised that he is still alive!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He is my brother + +"My brother" is a metaphor for somebody who is a good friend. AT: "He is like a brother to me" or "He is like family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/33.md b/1ki/20/33.md index fd353eb7eb..21b0d9d560 100644 --- a/1ki/20/33.md +++ b/1ki/20/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now the men -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +The word "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# for any sign from Ahab -* **Now the men** - The word "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -* **for any sign from Ahab** - AT: "for any action from Ahab that would show them that Ahab wanted to be merciful." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"Sign" is metonymy for an action that gives a meaning. AT: "for any action from Ahab that would show them that Ahab wanted to be merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/35.md b/1ki/20/35.md index f7c7c2d9ad..b696c58b36 100644 --- a/1ki/20/35.md +++ b/1ki/20/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# one of the sons of the prophets -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"a member of the group of prophets" -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh -* **one of the sons of the prophets** - AT: "a member of the group of prophets" -* **by the word of Yahweh** - AT: "as Yahweh had told him to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh** - AT: "you have not obeyed Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" + +# you have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh + +"The voice" is metonymy for what Yahweh commanded. AT: "you have not obeyed Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/37.md b/1ki/20/37.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7012d53fe7..0000000000 --- a/1ki/20/37.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:king]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. diff --git a/1ki/20/39.md b/1ki/20/39.md index cb68ef4fd9..77312f5944 100644 --- a/1ki/20/39.md +++ b/1ki/20/39.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Your servant went out -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +The prophet refers to himself in the third person as a sign of respect to the king. -## translationNotes +# into the heat of the battle -* **Your servant went out** - The prophet refers to himself in the third person as a sign of respect to the king. -* **into the heat of the battle** - "to where the battle was most intense" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **then your life will be given for his life** - AT: "then you will die in his place." -* **a talent of silver** - A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: "34 kilograms of silver" (UDB) (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **going here and there** - AT: "doing other things" (UDB) or "doing this and that" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Heat of the battle" is an idiom to express the most intense and fierce fighting. AT: "to where the battle was most intense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your life will be given for his life + +"you will die in his place" + +# a talent of silver + +A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "33 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# going here and there + +This is an idiom to represent being very busy and preoccupied. AT: "doing other things" or "doing this and that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/41.md b/1ki/20/41.md index ee8eb33a72..5aa5980591 100644 --- a/1ki/20/41.md +++ b/1ki/20/41.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# let go from your hand -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "hand" is metonymy for power. AT: "released" or "spared the life of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# your life will take the place of his life, and your people for his people -* **let go from your hand** - Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "released" or "spared the life of" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your life will take the place of his life, and your people for his people** - AT: "you will die in his place, and your people will die in the place of his people" -* **resentful and angry** - These words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"you will die in his place, and your people will die in the place of his people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/intro.md b/1ki/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd07644e93 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Kings 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is a story of two battles between Aram and Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Battle ##### +God had chosen to defeat Ben Hadad, king of Aram. So when he attacked Samaria with a huge army, the tiny army of Israel defeated him. The people of Aram said that Yahweh was the god of the hills, but they could defeat Israel on the plains. So they came again but Israel defeated them again. Then Ben Hadad offered a peace plan and Ahab accepted. But God had wanted him to kill Ben Hadad and was angry at Ahab for making peace with him. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### +There were so few Israel soldiers that they were "like two little flocks of goats." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/01.md b/1ki/21/01.md index cc2cb5d74a..91d8b0143e 100644 --- a/1ki/21/01.md +++ b/1ki/21/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now some time later -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story and indicates that these events happened later, not that Naboth owned the vineyard later. If your language has a way marking the beginning of a new part of a story, you could consider using it here. AT: "Now this is what happened later" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# Naboth the Jezreelite -* **It later came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Naboth the Jezreelite** - This is the name of a man from Jezreel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **king of Samaria** - Ahab ruled Israel from Samaria. AT: "king of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is the name of a man from Jezreel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# king of Samaria + +"Samaria" was the capital city of the kingdom of Israel and here represents the entire nation. AT: "king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/03.md b/1ki/21/03.md index a4081e30c6..c73a131672 100644 --- a/1ki/21/03.md +++ b/1ki/21/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# May Yahweh forbid that I should give -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is an oath that emphasizes that what follows will not happen. AT: "Because Yahweh forbids it, I will never give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# give the inheritance of my ancestors to you -* **May Yahweh forbid** - AT: "I hope Yahweh will protect me from violating such a sacred trust." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **resentful and angry** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The land that his ancestors received as a permanent possession is spoken of as if it were an inheritance. AT: "give to you the land that my ancestors received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/05.md b/1ki/21/05.md index 73fe837164..1f9f9e98f0 100644 --- a/1ki/21/05.md +++ b/1ki/21/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Why is your heart so sad -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Here "heart" refers to the entire person and his emotions. AT: "Why are you so sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel? -* **Why is your heart so sad** - Here "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "Why are you so sad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel?** - Jezebel is making a negative statement in the form of a question to rebuke Ahab. AT: "You still rule the kingdom of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **let your heart be happy** - AT: "be happy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Jezebel uses this negative rhetorical question to rebuke Ahab. It can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "You still rule the kingdom of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# let your heart be happy + +Here "heart" refers to the entire person and his emotions. AT: "be happy" or "cheer up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/08.md b/1ki/21/08.md index 50bf54c4f6..c5d8ddfd83 100644 --- a/1ki/21/08.md +++ b/1ki/21/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# wrote letters in Ahab's name -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +Possible meanings are 1) she wrote Ahab's name on the letters. AT: "wrote letters and signed them with Ahab's name" or 2) the word "name" is a metonym for authority. AT: "wrote letters on behalf of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the wealthy who sat with him -* **in Ahab’s name** - AT: "and she signed Ahab's name on them" (UDB) -* **the wealthy who sat with him** - "the wealthy people who sat with Naboth" -* **above the people ** - AT: "in a place of honor among the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **let them testify against him** - AT: "Tell these men to legally accuse Naboth of saying things that criticized God and the king." +The word "wealthy" refers to wealthy people. AT: "the wealthy people who sat with Naboth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# seat Naboth above the people + +Having Naboth sit in a place of honor is spoken of as if it were having him sit above the rest of the people who were present. AT: "have Naboth sit in a place of honor among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let them testify against him + +"have them accuse him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/11.md b/1ki/21/11.md index 63aa9f811c..e12ad98d0b 100644 --- a/1ki/21/11.md +++ b/1ki/21/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the wealthy who lived in Naboth's city -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The word "wealthy" refers to wealthy people. AT: "the wealthy people who lived in Naboth's city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# as was written in the letters -* **the wealthy who live** - "the wealthy men who lived" -* **as Jezebel had described to them, as was written in the letters that she had sent to them** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **as was written in the letters** - AT: "as she had written in the letters" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **above the people** - AT: "in a place of honor among the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they carried him out** - Here the word "they" refers to the people of the city. -* **Naboth has been stoned and is dead** - AT: "We have stoned Naboth and he is dead" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as she had written in the letters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# seated Naboth above the people + +Having Naboth sit in a place of honor is spoken of as if it were having him sit above the rest of the people who were present. See how you translated this idea in [1 Kings 21:9](./08.md). AT: "had Naboth sit in a place of honor among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sat before Naboth + +"sat in front of Naboth" + +# they carried him out + +Here the word "they" refers to the people of the city. + +# Naboth has been stoned and is dead + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We have stoned Naboth and he is dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/15.md b/1ki/21/15.md index 4f7de3c3ec..d697e59612 100644 --- a/1ki/21/15.md +++ b/1ki/21/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# that Naboth had been stoned and was dead -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the people had stoned Naboth and he was dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Naboth is not alive, but dead -* **that Naboth had been stoned and was dead** - AT: "that the people had stoned Naboth and he was dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Naboth is not alive, but dead** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize Jezebel's statement. AT: "Naboth is dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/17.md b/1ki/21/17.md index 5d23caddcf..0cbffd9041 100644 --- a/1ki/21/17.md +++ b/1ki/21/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This idiom means that Yahweh spoke or has sent a message. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/19.md b/1ki/21/19.md index fc94dacbff..8589b5ce02 100644 --- a/1ki/21/19.md +++ b/1ki/21/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Have you killed and also taken possession? -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] +Yahweh asks this question to scold Ahab. AT: "You have killed Naboth and stolen his vineyard!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# your blood, yes, your blood -* **Have you killed and also taken possession?** - Yahweh asks this question to scold Ahab. AT: "You have killed Naboth and stolen his vineyard!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Your blood, yes, your blood** - This is repeated for emphasis. -* **Have you found me, my enemy?** - Ahab uses this question to express anger towards Elijah. AT: "You have found me, my enemy!" or "You have discovered what I have done, my enemy!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **sold yourself to do what is evil** - AT: "dedicated yourself to do what is evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **what is evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is repeated for emphasis. + +# Have you found me, my enemy? + +Ahab uses this question to express anger toward Elijah. That Elijah "found" Ahab likely refers to Elijah discovering Ahab's actions, not to finding his physical location. AT: "You have found me, my enemy!" or "You have discovered what I have done, my enemy!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you have sold yourself to do what is evil + +A person being committed to doing what is evil is spoken of as if that person had sold himself to evil. AT: "you have dedicated yourself to doing what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what is evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The phrase, "in the sight of" refers to someone's opinion. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 11:6](../11/05.md). AT: "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/21.md b/1ki/21/21.md index 2f10598849..58350f95c0 100644 --- a/1ki/21/21.md +++ b/1ki/21/21.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:baasha]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# completely consume and cut off from you every male child and slave and free man in Israel -* **Look** - AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **completely consume and cut off from you** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **I will make your family like the family of Jeroboam...and like the family of Baasha** - Yahweh will destroy Ahab's family like he destroyed the families of Jeroboam and Baasha. +Yahweh speaks of destroying Ahab's family and preventing him from having any decedents as if he were consuming these people like a fire would consume them, and cutting them off as one would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "destroy every one of your male children in Israel, whether slave or free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make your family like the family of Jeroboam ... and like the family of Baasha + +Yahweh will destroy Ahab's family like he destroyed the families of Jeroboam and Baasha. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/23.md b/1ki/21/23.md index f5a2997a19..e9028bc1d0 100644 --- a/1ki/21/23.md +++ b/1ki/21/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Anyone who belongs to Ahab -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Anyone who belongs to Ahab** - AT: "Anyone who belongs to Ahab's family" +"Anyone who belongs to Ahab's family" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/25.md b/1ki/21/25.md index 28f2fdd8e3..1ca34c3896 100644 --- a/1ki/21/25.md +++ b/1ki/21/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who sold himself to do what was evil -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +A person being committed to doing what is evil is spoken of as if that person had sold himself to evil. See how you translated this idea in [1 Kings 21:20](./19.md). AT: "who dedicated himself to doing what was evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* **who sold himself to do what was evil** - AT: "dedicated himself to do what was evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: AT: “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **whom Jezebel...incited** - Here "whom" refers to Ahab. -* **removed before the people of Israel** - Here "Israel" refers to all twelve tribes of Israel and not just to the northern kingdom. AT: "removed from the presence of the people of Israel" or "drove out of the land before the people of Israel" +The phrase, "in the sight of" refers to someone's opinion. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 11:6](../11/05.md). AT: "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# removed before the people of Israel + +Here "Israel" refers to all twelve tribes of Israel and not just to the northern kingdom. AT: "removed from the presence of the people of Israel" or "drove out of the land before the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/27.md b/1ki/21/27.md index 9f06267c37..933bee0741 100644 --- a/1ki/21/27.md +++ b/1ki/21/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This idiom means that Yahweh spoke or has sent a message. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Do you see how Ahab humbles himself before me? -* **Do you see how Ahab humbles himself before me?** - God uses this question to show Elijah that Ahab's sorrow is genuine. AT: "I have seen how Ahab humbles himself before me." or "Look at how Ahab humbles himself before me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **in his days...in his son’s day** - AT: "during his lifetime...during his son's lifetime" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +God uses this question to show Elijah that Ahab's sorrow is genuine. AT: "I have seen how Ahab humbles himself before me." or "Look at how Ahab humbles himself before me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in his days ... in his son's day + +"during his lifetime ... during his son's lifetime" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/intro.md b/1ki/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e1107ddcb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Kings 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Elijah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +God hates oppression but is forgiving to people who are sorry for their sins. Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard to make into a garden for his palace, but Naboth refused to sell it. So the queen, Ahab's wife, told the civic leaders of Naboth's town to falsely accuse him and execute him. Elijah told Ahab that he would be killed in Naboth's vineyard and all his family destroyed. Ahab repented and showed he was very sorry for what he did, so God said it would not happen to Ahab himself but to his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/01.md b/1ki/22/01.md index e9fbae402b..fd442be7be 100644 --- a/1ki/22/01.md +++ b/1ki/22/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Three years -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] +"3 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# it came about that -* **Three years** - AT: "3 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **it came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/03.md b/1ki/22/03.md index c20303f0e4..d567bdc922 100644 --- a/1ki/22/03.md +++ b/1ki/22/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you know that Ramoth Gilead is ours, but that we are doing nothing to take it from the hand of the king of Aram? -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:ramoth]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Ahab asks this question to emphasize that they should have already recaptured Ramoth Gilead. AT: "Ramoth Gilead is ours, but we have done nothing yet to take it from the hand of the king of Aram." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# to take it from the hand of the king of Aram -* **Do you know that Ramoth Gilead is ours, but that we are are doing nothing to take it from the hand of the king of Aram?** - Ahab asks this question to emphasize that they should have already recaptured Ramoth Gilead. AT: "Ramoth Gilead is ours, but we have done nothing yet to take it from the hand of the king of Aram." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to take it from the hand of the king of Aram** - Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "to take it from the control of the king of Aram" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I am as you are, my people are like your people, and my horses are like your horses** - AT: "I offer myself, my soldiers, and my horses to you to use in any way you want." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "to take it from the control of the king of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am like you, my people are like your people, and my horses are like your horses + +Jehoshaphat tells Ahab that he, his people, and his horses belong to Ahab, meaning that Ahab can command them as he pleases. AT: "I, my soldiers, and my horses are yours to use in any way you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/05.md b/1ki/22/05.md index d1dd4c6d9c..52da87d0ad 100644 --- a/1ki/22/05.md +++ b/1ki/22/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# four hundred men -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# for the Lord will give it into the hand of the king -* **four hundred men** - AT: "400 men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the Lord will place it into the hand of the king** - Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "the Lord will allow the king to capture it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "for the Lord will allow the king to capture Ramoth Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/07.md b/1ki/22/07.md index 1b46b4838c..07e3bd31cd 100644 --- a/1ki/22/07.md +++ b/1ki/22/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# May the king not say that -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Jehoshaphat refers to Ahab in the third person to show respect for him. AT: "You should not say that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/10.md b/1ki/22/10.md index cc0539dab3..f27011889b 100644 --- a/1ki/22/10.md +++ b/1ki/22/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# made himself horns of iron -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:horn]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:ramoth]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"made iron horns for himself" -## translationNotes +# With these you will push the Arameans until they are consumed -* **made himself horns** - "made horns for himself" -* **With these you will push the Arameans until they are consumed** - The prophet says that Ahab's army will win with great strength, as a bull attacks another animal. "Consume" is here a metaphor for "destroy." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **until they are consumed** - AT: "until you consume them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **given it into the hand of the king** - AT: "allowed the king to capture it” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The prophet's actions are a symbolic metaphor that illustrates the way that Ahab would defeat the Arameans. Ahab's army will win with great strength, as a bull attacks another animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until they are consumed + +Destroying an enemy army is spoken of as if it were consuming them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "until you consume them" or "until you destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# given it into the hand of the king + +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "allowed the king to capture it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/13.md b/1ki/22/13.md index 2142e9c6cd..707b608bcb 100644 --- a/1ki/22/13.md +++ b/1ki/22/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now look -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# the words of the prophets declare good things to the king with one mouth -* **Now look** - AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -* **the words of the prophets declare good things with one mouth** - The phrase "with one mouth" means that they all say the same thing. AT: "the prophets all declare the same good things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **let your word be like one of them** - Here the word "them" refers to "the words of the prophets." AT: "let what you say agree with what they have said" -* **should we go** - The word "we" refers to Ahab, Jehoshaphat, and their armies but not to Micaiah. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **will place it into the hand of the king** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:22:05]]. +The prophets all saying the same thing is spoken of as if they all spoke with the same mouth. AT: "the prophets all declare the same good things to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let your word be like one of them + +Here the word "them" refers to "the words of the prophets." AT: "let what you say agree with what they have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# should we go + +The word "we" refers to Ahab, Jehoshaphat, and their armies but not to Micaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# will give it into the hand of the king + +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "will allow the king to capture it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/16.md b/1ki/22/16.md index e6820d15fc..cf63e769ad 100644 --- a/1ki/22/16.md +++ b/1ki/22/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# How many times must I require ... in the name of Yahweh? -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Ahab asks this question out of frustration to rebuke Micaiah. AT: "Many times I have required ... in the name of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# in the name of Yahweh -* **How many times must I require...in the name of Yahweh?** - Ahab asks this question out of frustration to rebuke Micaiah. AT: "Many times I have required...in the name of Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **in the name of Yahweh** - Here the word "name" refers to authority. AT: "as the representative of Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I saw all Israel** - Here "all Israel" refers to the army of Israel. AT: "I saw the entire army of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **like sheep who have no shepherd** - The people of the army are compared to sheep that have no one to lead them because their shepherd, the king, has died. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here the word "name" refers to authority. AT: "as the representative of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I saw all Israel + +Here "all Israel" refers to the army of Israel. AT: "I saw the entire army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# like sheep who have no shepherd + +The people of the army are compared to sheep that have no one to lead them because their shepherd, the king, has died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# These have no shepherd + +Yahweh speaks of the king as if he were a shepherd. Just like a shepherd is responsible to care for and protect his sheep, the king is responsible to lead and protect his people. AT: "These people no longer have a leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/18.md b/1ki/22/18.md index d2825eb57f..e93b6cece9 100644 --- a/1ki/22/18.md +++ b/1ki/22/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Did I not tell you ... but only disaster? -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:ramoth]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Ahab asks this question to emphasize that he had spoken the truth about Micaiah. AT: "I told you ... but only disaster!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# fall at Ramoth Gilead -* **Did I not tell you...but only disaster?** - Ahab asks this question to emphasize that he had told the truth about Micaiah. AT: "I told you...but only disaster." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **fall at Ramoth Gilead** - AT: "die at Ramoth Gilead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **one individual...another** - These refer to members of "all the host of heaven." +Ahab dying in battle is spoken of as if he will fall. AT: "die at Ramoth Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# One of them said ... and another one said + +"One ... and another" refers to two or more angels in the heavenly host who were responding to Yahweh's question in the previous verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/21.md b/1ki/22/21.md index 6e2f463d0b..56f45462e8 100644 --- a/1ki/22/21.md +++ b/1ki/22/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Here the word "spirit" refers to the attitudes of the prophets and the words "the mouth" represents what they will say. AT: "cause all his prophets to speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Now see -* **Now see** - The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" -* **be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets** - Here the word "spirit" refers to the attitudes of the prophets; "the mouth" refers to what they will say. AT: "cause all his prophets to speak lies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **has put a lying spirit in the mouth of these prophets** - AT: "caused all of these prophets to speak lies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# has put a lying spirit in the mouth of all these prophets of yours + +Here the word "spirit" refers to the attitudes of the prophets and the words "the mouth" represents what they will say. AT: "has caused all of your prophets to speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/24.md b/1ki/22/24.md index 1f7730756b..bc0ca5c7a2 100644 --- a/1ki/22/24.md +++ b/1ki/22/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Which way did the Spirit of Yahweh take to go from me to speak to you? -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +Zedekiah asks this sarcastic question to insult and rebuke Micaiah. AT: "Do not think that Yahweh's Spirit left me to speak to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Look -* **Which way did the Spirit of Yahweh take to go from me to speak to you?** - Zedekiah asks this sarcastic question to rebuke Micaiah. - AT: "You should not think that Yahweh's Spirit left me to speak to you!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Look** - AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -* **you will know that** - AT: "you will know who is prophesying the truth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# you will know that + +"you will know the answer to your question." If Zedekiah's rhetorical question is translated as a statement, this phrase may be translated to supply implicit information. AT: "you will know that the Spirit of Yahweh has spoken to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/26.md b/1ki/22/26.md index a31e91a5a2..fe68f05f64 100644 --- a/1ki/22/26.md +++ b/1ki/22/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# If you return safely -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **If you return safely** - This describes something that would not happen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +This describes something that would not happen. Yahweh had already told Micaiah that the king would not return safely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/29.md b/1ki/22/29.md index b1498d21af..89d8dcfb5c 100644 --- a/1ki/22/29.md +++ b/1ki/22/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, went up -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:ramoth]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +Here the kings represent themselves accompanied by their armies. AT: "Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah led their armies up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# disguise -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This means to change the usual appearance so as not to be identified. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/31.md b/1ki/22/31.md index b1af745def..c931a9f524 100644 --- a/1ki/22/31.md +++ b/1ki/22/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# thirty-two captains -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cry]] +"32 captains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not attack unimportant or important soldiers -* **thirty-two captains** - two captains** - AT: "32 captains" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +By mentioning both "unimportant" and "important soldiers," the king meant all soldiers. AT: "Do not attack any of the soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# It came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/34.md b/1ki/22/34.md index 26f3ce9141..084dcb710d 100644 --- a/1ki/22/34.md +++ b/1ki/22/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# drew his bow at random -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Possible meanings are 1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or 2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/35.md b/1ki/22/35.md index 4ba92c3f67..21702b830c 100644 --- a/1ki/22/35.md +++ b/1ki/22/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the king was held up in his chariot -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone held the king up in his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a cry went up -* **the king was held up in his chariot** - AT: "someone held the king up in his chariot" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a cry went up** - AT: "soldiers began to shout" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Every man should go back to his city, and every man should go back to his region!** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "a cry" represents the soldiers who were shouting. AT: "soldiers began to shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Every man should go back to his city; and every man should go back to his region + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/37.md b/1ki/22/37.md index ba28f740a7..5eee68c28d 100644 --- a/1ki/22/37.md +++ b/1ki/22/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# was brought to Samaria -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his soldiers brought his body to Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# they buried him -* **was brought to Samaria** - AT: "his soldiers brought his body to Samaria" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they buried him** - AT: "people buried him" -* **just as the word of Yahweh had declared** - AT: "just as Yahweh had declared" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"people buried him" + +# just as the word of Yahweh had declared + +Here "the word of Yahweh" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "just as Yahweh had declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/39.md b/1ki/22/39.md index a48767ac17..e34ed36b19 100644 --- a/1ki/22/39.md +++ b/1ki/22/39.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* [[en:tw:ahaziah]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." or "you can read them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# slept with his ancestors -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel?** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:15:31]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **slept with his ancestors** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:14:29]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Ahab dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 2:10](../02/10.md). AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/41.md b/1ki/22/41.md index 98022400b2..584f5dd179 100644 --- a/1ki/22/41.md +++ b/1ki/22/41.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# thirty-five years old -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +"35 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty-five years -* **thirty-five years old** - five years old** - AT: "35 years old" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **tweny-five years** - five years** - AT: "25 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"25 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/43.md b/1ki/22/43.md index 4510798137..353ab6f00c 100644 --- a/1ki/22/43.md +++ b/1ki/22/43.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He walked in the ways of Asa, his father -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +A person's behavior is spoken of as if that person walked along a path. AT: "He did the same things that Asa, his father, had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -* **walked in the ways of Asa, his father** - AT: "did the same things that Asa, his father, had done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **what was right in the eyes of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the shrines were still not taken away** - AT: "he still did not take away the shrines" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "eyes" represents seeing and Yahweh's opinion is spoken of as if he were able to see something. AT: "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the high places were not taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he did not take away the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/45.md b/1ki/22/45.md index 99e988d021..72a0602a56 100644 --- a/1ki/22/45.md +++ b/1ki/22/45.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] - -## translationNotes - -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah?** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:1ki:14:29]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." or "you can read them in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/48.md b/1ki/22/48.md index 4559956ca3..8f53452b0f 100644 --- a/1ki/22/48.md +++ b/1ki/22/48.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the ships were wrecked -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:ahaziah]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:jehoram]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the ships wrecked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# slept with his ancestors -* **the ships were wrecked** - AT: "the ships wrecked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **slept with his ancestors and was buried with them** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1ki:14:29]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Jehoshaphat dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 2:10](../02/10.md). AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried with them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/51.md b/1ki/22/51.md index 09af813a87..f311f6ab4d 100644 --- a/1ki/22/51.md +++ b/1ki/22/51.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he reigned two years -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"he reigned 2 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* **he reigned two years** - AT: "he reigned 2 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **walked in the way of his father, in the way of his mother, and in the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat** - AT: "did the same things that his father, mother, and Jeroboam the son of Nebat had done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **led Israel to sin** - Here the word "Israel" refers to the ten northern tribes that made up the kingdom of Israel. -* **He served Baal and worshiped him** - The words "served" and "worshiped" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the God of Israel** - Here the word "Israel" refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob. +Yahweh's opinion regarding something is spoken of as if Yahweh were seeing that thing. AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walked in the way of his father, in the way of his mother, and in the way of Jeroboam son of Nebat + +A person's behavior is spoken of as if that person were walking along a path. AT: "did the same things that his father, mother, and Jeroboam son of Nebat had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# led Israel to sin + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the ten northern tribes that made up the kingdom of Israel. + +# He served Baal and worshiped him + +The words "served" and "worshiped" mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the God of Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/intro.md b/1ki/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89a4953a0b --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Kings 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the story of Ahab and a continuation of the story of Elijah as he had predicted Ahab's death and the dogs licking his blood. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +When God has decided a person will die, then they cannot avoid death. Ahab persuaded Jehoshaphat, king of Judah to help him in a battle against the army of Aram. Ahab's false prophets all told him to go because he would be successful. But a randomly shot arrow hit him and he bled to death. They washed his chariot at the pool and the dogs licked up his blood, just as Elijah had said they would. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "However, the shrines were still not taken away. The people were still sacrificing and burning incense at the shrines." ##### +At the shrines, the people worshiped Yahweh. But later, during Hezekiah's reign it was decided that all sacrifices must be made only at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/front/intro.md b/1ki/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14376332ae --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Kings # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 1 Kings #### + +1. The death of David and the beginning of Solomon's reign +1. The reign of Solomon (3:1–11:43) + - Solomon's wisdom and glory (3:1–4:43) + - Solomon's temple (5:1–8:66) + - Rise and fall of Solomon (9:1–11:43) +1. The kingdom divides + - Rehoboam succeeds Solomon (12:1–24) + - Jeroboam rules the northern kingdom of Israel (12:25–33) + - Ahijah's prophecies against Jeroboam (13:1–14:20) + - Rehoboam's end (14:21–31) +1. Kings and events in Israel and Judah + - Abijam and Asa in Judah (15:1–24) + - Nadab in Israel (15:25–32) + - Baasha in Israel (15:33–16:7) + - Elah in Israel (16:8–14) + - Zimri in Israel (16:15–22) + - Omri in Israel (16:23–28) + - Ahab in Israel (16:29–22:40) + - Jehoshaphat in Judah (22:41–50) + - Ahaziah in Israel (22:51–53) + +#### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Kings about? #### + +These books are about the history of the people of Yahweh from the time when they split into two kingdoms after Solomon's death. This was the time when the northern kingdom went its own way under its own kings. The Books of 1 and 2 Kings tell this story from the viewpoint that the kings and the priests should have taught their people to be faithful to Yahweh and to his covenant with them. + +The Book of 2 Kings tells how King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. His actions were in response to the rediscovery of a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem (See: [2 Kings 22–23](../../2ki/22/01.md)). But at the same time, the northern kingdom was growing increasingly corrupt until the Assyrians conquered it in 722 BC. Finally, the southern kingdom fell to the Babylonian Empire in 586 BC. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The Books of 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book in Hebrew but were separated into two books when they were translated in Greek. Translators might choose to create a more meaningful title such as "The First Book about the Kings" and "The Second Book about the Kings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the religious purpose of 1 and 2 Kings? #### + +These books were probably written during the exile, after the temple had been destroyed by the Babylonians. Because the temple had had such great religious and cultural significance, the writer may have wanted to explain why the Jews were in exile and how they could continue to worship Yahweh without performing temple sacrifices. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why do the Books of 1 and 2 Kings refer to someone being addressed indirectly? #### + +In the languages of the original Old Testament, people often referred to themselves as "your servant" when speaking to anyone in a superior position to themselves. For example, David frequently called himself "your servant" when he spoke to King Saul. He also called Saul "my master." This type of indirect reference was intended to show honor to the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" in this way, but a translator should use whatever expressions that are natural in the project language in order to honor someone in a superior position. + +#### What does the king "did what was right (or evil) in the eyes of Yahweh" mean? #### + +This kind of expression is repeated throughout the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. The writer evaluated the achievements and failures of the people and their kings by how well they kept the covenant with Yahweh. + +#### What is the meaning of the term Israel? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/01.md b/1pe/01/01.md index 7b5d10cb44..bb2fa7f052 100644 --- a/1pe/01/01.md +++ b/1pe/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:galatia]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] +Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers to whom he is writing. -## translationNotes +# the foreigners of the dispersion -* **Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ** - Peter is identifying himself. "I, Peter, Jesus Christ's messenger am writing to you(plural)" -* **Pontus** - This is present day northern Turkey. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Galatia** - This is present day central Turkey. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Cappadocia** - This is present day east central Turkey. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Asia** - This is present day west central Turkey. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Bithynia** - This is present day northwest Turkey. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **foreknowledge** - Possible meanings: 1) knowledge of an event before it occurs or 2) "decided previously" (UDB). -* **sprinkling of his blood** - This refers to Jesus' blood as a sacrifice and to when Moses sprinkled blood on the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **May grace be to you** - The words May grace be to you are the usual greetings of the people he is writing to. In some languages it is more natural to put your usual greetings here. The word "you" and your" refer to believers who live in the above named geographical locations. +Peter speaks of his readers as people who live away from their homes in many different countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Cappadocia ... Bithynia + +Along with the other places that Peter mentions, "Cappadocia" and "Bithynia" were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey. + +# the chosen ones ... according to the foreknowledge of God the Father + +"the ones whom God the Father has chosen ... according to his own foreknowledge." God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge. + +# the foreknowledge of God the Father + +The abstract noun "foreknowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are 1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. AT: "what God the Father decided previously" or 2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. AT: "what God the Father knew beforehand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ + +Here "the blood" refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# May grace be to you, and may your peace increase + +This passage speaks of grace as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of peace as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/03.md b/1pe/01/03.md index 47d865a6c8..afcad7fc64 100644 --- a/1pe/01/03.md +++ b/1pe/01/03.md @@ -1,24 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Peter begins to talk about the believers' salvation and faith. Here he elaborates on a metaphor in which what God promises to do for all believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he passes on to them. -## translationNotes +# our Lord Jesus Christ ... gave us a new birth -* **our Lord Jesus Christ** - The words "our" and "us "refer to the speaker, Peter and the believers mentioned in [[en/bible/notes/1pe/01/01]]. (see [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **he gave to us a new birth** - The writer is speaking about spiritual birth given to us only by Jesus. At: "he has made us live again." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for the confidence of an inheritance** - "we know that he will do for us what he has promised" (UDB) -* **reserved** - "saved for us" or "kept for us" (UDB) -* **will not become stained** - "unharmed by sin" or "sin can not harm" -* **in the last times** - "when Christ returns to earth" +The words "our" and "us" refer to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# he gave us a new birth + +"he caused us to be born again" + +# for the confidence of an inheritance + +You can translate this using a verb. AT: "so that we confidently expect to receive an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# inheritance + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not perish, will not become stained, and will not fade away + +Peter uses three similar phrases to describe the inheritance as something that is perfect and eternal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is reserved in heaven for you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is reserving it in heaven for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You are protected by God's power + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is protecting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by God's power + +Here "power" is a way of saying that God is strong and able to protect believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# through faith + +Here "faith" refers to the fact that the believers trust in Christ. AT: "because of your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# that is ready to be revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God is ready to reveal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/06.md b/1pe/01/06.md index ae5806239a..b2e842f366 100644 --- a/1pe/01/06.md +++ b/1pe/01/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You are very glad about this -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:trial]] +The word "this" refers to all the blessings that Peter mentions in the previous verses. -## translationNotes +# This is for the proving of your faith -* **You rejoice in this** - 05]] "you are glad for what God has done" -* **now it is necessary for you to feel sorrow** - "now it is right and proper that you feel sorrow" -* **that is much more precious than gold** - "God values your faith more than he values gold" -* **which perishes in the fire that tests your faith** - "although gold is tested by fire, it does not last forever" -* **at the revelation of Jesus Christ** - "when Jesus Christ returns" +In the same way in which fire refines gold, hardships test how well believers trust in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the proving of your faith + +God wishes to test how well believers trust in Christ. + +# faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes, even though it is tested by fire + +Faith is more valuable than gold, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in fire. + +# your faith will be found to result in praise, glory, and honor + +Possible meanings are 1) that "God will honor you very highly" because of your faith or 2) that "your faith will bring praise, glory, and honor" to God. + +# at the revealing of Jesus Christ + +"when Jesus Christ is revealed." This refers to the return of Christ. This can also be expressed with an active form. AT: "when Jesus Christ appears to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/08.md b/1pe/01/08.md index 72d0300094..2891a978a8 100644 --- a/1pe/01/08.md +++ b/1pe/01/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# unspeakable, glorious joy -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +"wonderful joy that words cannot describe" -## translationNotes +# the salvation of your souls -* **You have not seen Him** - "You did not see him with your own eyes" or "you did not physically observed him." All occurences of "you" refer to believers in [[en/bible/notes/1pe/01/01]]" +Here the word "souls" refers to the whole person. The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with a verb. AT: "your salvation" or "God saving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# salvation ... grace + +These words present two ideas as if they were things or objects. In reality, "salvation" refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result. Similarly, "grace" refers to the kind way in which God deals with believers. + +# searched and inquired carefully + +The words "inquired carefully" mean basically the same thing as "searched." Together these words emphasize how hard the prophets tried to understand this salvation. AT: "examined very carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/11.md b/1pe/01/11.md index 3b0a80a917..391fea2c22 100644 --- a/1pe/01/11.md +++ b/1pe/01/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Peter continues talking about the prophets' search for salvation. -## translationNotes +# They searched to know -* **They searched to know** - "They tried to know" or "They inquired about" The word "they" refers to the prophets. -* **they were serving these things, not for themselves, but for you** - In some languages it is more natural to put the positive befor the negative. "they were serving these things for you, not for themselves" +"They tried to determine" + +# the Spirit of Christ + +This is a reference to the Holy Spirit. + +# It was revealed to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God revealed to the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into which angels long to look + +"that angels want to understand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/13.md b/1pe/01/13.md index 3cb52b1a56..2808f5aeb6 100644 --- a/1pe/01/13.md +++ b/1pe/01/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# So gird -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +"Because of this, gird." Peter uses the word "So" here to refer back to everything he has said about salvation, their faith, and the Spirit of Christ giving revelations to the prophets. -## translationNotes +# gird up the loins of your mind -* **gird up the loins of your mind** - "prepare your mind for activity". When wearing a robe, one would tuck the robe in his belt to prepare for work. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* ** Be sober in your thinking** - controlled" +Girding up the loins refers to preparing to work hard. It comes from the custom of tucking the bottom of one's robe into a belt around the waist in order to move with ease. AT: "get your minds ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Be sober + +Here the word "sober" refers to mental clarity and alertness. AT: "Control your thoughts" or "Be careful about what you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the grace that will be brought to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the grace that God will bring to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the grace that will be brought to you + +Here God's way of dealing kindly with believers is spoken of as if it were an object that he will bring to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when Jesus Christ is revealed + +This refers to when Christ returns. This can also be expressed with an active form. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:7](./06.md). AT: "when Jesus Christ appears to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# do not conform yourselves to the desires + +"do not desire the same things" AT: "do not live to gratify the desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/15.md b/1pe/01/15.md index 5388902372..152f0ededb 100644 --- a/1pe/01/15.md +++ b/1pe/01/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For it is written -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] +This refers to God's message in the scripture. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For as God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Be holy, because I am holy -* **the one** - "God" -* **impartially** - "fairly" -* **spend the time of your journey in reverence** - "live with respect for God during your stay on earth" +Here the word "I" refers to God. + +# go through the time of your journey + +Peter speaks of his readers as if they were people living in a foreign land away from their home. AT: "use the time you are living away from your true home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/18.md b/1pe/01/18.md index de0fb0ed06..c3c36c5ebf 100644 --- a/1pe/01/18.md +++ b/1pe/01/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# you have been redeemed -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has redeemed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the precious blood of Christ -* **you have been redeemed from** - "God redeemed you from" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) or "God saved you from" -* ** as of a lamb** - He was sacrificed so that God would forgive your sins. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **without blemish and without spot** - Peter expresses the same idea in two different ways to emphasize Christ's purity. AT: "with no imperfections" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "blood" stands for Christ's death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# like a lamb without blemish or spot + +Jesus died as a sacrifice so that God would forgive people's sins. AT: "like the lambs without blemish or spot that the Jewish priests sacrificed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# without blemish or spot + +Peter expresses the same idea in two different ways to emphasize Christ's purity. AT: "with no imperfections" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/20.md b/1pe/01/20.md index bd77bb05dd..566571ca31 100644 --- a/1pe/01/20.md +++ b/1pe/01/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Christ was chosen -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God chose Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# before the foundation of the world -* **Christ was chosen** - "God chose Christ" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he has been revealed to you** - "God has made you know him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **foundation of the world** - "beginning of creation" +You can translate this with a verbal phrase. AT: "before God created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he has been revealed to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has revealed him to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he has been revealed to you + +Peter does not mean that his readers actually saw Christ, but that they learned the truth about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and gave him glory + +"and glorified him" or "and showed that he is glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/22.md b/1pe/01/22.md index 1667097e3f..6b9806a7e5 100644 --- a/1pe/01/22.md +++ b/1pe/01/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# You made your souls pure -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here the word "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: "You made yourselves pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# pure -* **brotherly love** - This is natural human love between friends or relatives. -* **love one another earnestly from the heart** - "love one another deeply and sincerely" -* **imperishable** - "not perishable" or "permanent" +Here the idea of cleanliness refers to being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by obedience to the truth + +You can translate this using a verbal phrase. AT: "by obeying the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# brotherly love + +This refers to love between fellow believers. + +# love one another earnestly from the heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the seat of the emotions and indicates that they are to love completely. AT: "love one another earnestly and completely" or "love one another earnestly and wholeheartedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# born again, not from perishable seed, but from imperishable seed + +Possible meanings are that Peter speaks of the word of God either 1) as the seed of a plant that grows and produces new life in believers or 2) as the tiny cells inside a man or woman that combine to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# imperishable + +"not perishable" or "not permanent" + +# through the living and remaining word of God + +Peter speaks of God's word as if it were alive forever. In reality, it is God who lives forever, and whose commands and promises last eternally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/24.md b/1pe/01/24.md index 9498c0b51b..d6d5b2b8bd 100644 --- a/1pe/01/24.md +++ b/1pe/01/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +In these verses Peter quotes a passage from the prophet Isaiah relating to what he has just said about them being born of imperishable seed. -## translationNotes +# All flesh is like grass, and all its -* **all flesh is like grass** - "All people will perish like grass perishes. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **all its glory is like the flower of grass** - "And all the greatness that people have will not last forever" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the message that was proclaimed** - "the message that we proclaimed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "flesh" refers to humanity. The prophet Isaiah compares humanity to grass that grows and dies quickly. AT: "All people will die like grass dies, and all their" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# glory is like the wild flower of the grass + +Here the word "glory" refers to beauty or goodness. Isaiah compares the things that people consider to be good or beautiful about humanity to flowers that die quickly. AT: "goodness soon stops, just as flowers soon die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# This is the good news + +Here the word "This" refers to "the word of the Lord." + +# the good news that was announced + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the good news that we announced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/intro.md b/1pe/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c63fa40e51 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 1 Peter 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:24-25, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Work of God in salvation ##### +This chapter emphasizes the work of God in salvation. It reminds Christians of the great things only God could have done in order to bring them to a right relationship with himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]]) + +##### Eternity ##### +This chapter contrasts living for things of this world, which will not last, with living for things that will matter eternally. It is also important to live with the expectation that Jesus will return soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "You rejoice in this, even though now it is necessary for you to feel sorrow in many different trials" (1:6). + +##### "You are now" ##### +Even though the statement, "You are now receiving for yourselves the result of your faith, the salvation of your souls," is in the present tense, it refers to an action that has already happened. Therefore, it can be translated as a completed action. Some English translations do this and use a slightly different construction. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Peter 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Peter intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/01.md b/1pe/02/01.md index ad9ebcde2f..38772615a7 100644 --- a/1pe/02/01.md +++ b/1pe/02/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Peter continues teaching his readers about holiness and obedience. -## translationNotes +# Therefore put aside all evil, all deceit, hypocrisy, envy, and all slander -* **Therefore put aside** - "So stop doing" -* **As newborn infants** - The believers are compared to newborn infants who need milk to grow. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **long for** - "desire intensely" or "yearn for" -* **you may grow in salvation** - "you may grow spiritually." The word "you" refers to the believers mentioned in chapter 1. -* **if you have tasted that the Lord is kind** - "because you have experienced that the Lord acts very kindly toward you" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These sinful actions are spoken of as if they were objects that people could throw away. The word "Therefore" here refers back to everything that Peter has said about being holy and obedient. AT: "So then, get rid of everything that is evil, and hypocrisy, and envy, and all slander" or "So then, stop being evil, or being deceptive, or being hypocritical, or envying, or slandering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# As newborn infants, long for pure spiritual milk + +Peter speaks of his readers as if they were babies. Babies requires very pure food, which they can digest easily. In the same way, believers need pure teaching from God's word. AT: "Just as babies long for their mother's breast milk, so you must yearn for pure spiritual milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# long for + +"desire intensely" or "yearn for" + +# pure spiritual milk + +Peter speaks of the word of God as if it were spiritual milk that nourished children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you may grow in salvation + +Here the word "salvation" refers to when God brings the salvation of his people to completion when Jesus returns (see [1 Peter 1:5](../01/03.md)). They were to increasingly act in ways that were consistent with this salvation. You can translate this with a verbal phrase. AT: "you may grow up spiritually until God saves you completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# grow + +Peter speaks of believers advancing in knowledge of God and faithfulness to him as if they were children growing up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if you have tasted that the Lord is kind + +Here to taste means to experience something personally. AT: "if you have experienced the Lord's kindness toward you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/04.md b/1pe/02/04.md index db827b2a05..81473c64f0 100644 --- a/1pe/02/04.md +++ b/1pe/02/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Peter begins to tell a metaphor about Jesus and the believers being living stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Come to him who is a living stone -* **Come to him who is a living stone** - Jesus is compared to the most important stone in the foundation of a building. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **rejected by people** - "rejected by some by people" or "rejected by many people" +Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a stone in a building. AT: "Come to him who is like a stone in a building, but alive, not a dead stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who is a living stone + +Possible meanings are 1) "who is a stone that is alive" or 2) "who is a stone that gives life." + +# that has been rejected by people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that people have rejected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but that has been chosen by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but that God has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You also are ... being built up to be a spiritual house + +Just as people used stones to build the temple in the Old Testament, believers are the materials that God is using to build a house in which he will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You also are like living stones + +Peter compares his readers to stones that are alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# that are being built up to be a spiritual house + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God is building into a spiritual house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a holy priesthood that offers the spiritual sacrifices + +Here the position of priesthood stands for the priests who fulfill its duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/06.md b/1pe/02/06.md index defe6caac9..664b04dc16 100644 --- a/1pe/02/06.md +++ b/1pe/02/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Scripture contains this -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The scriptures are spoken of as if they were a container. This passage refers to the words that a person reads in scripture. AT: "This is what a prophet wrote in the scriptures long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# See -* **Scripture says this** - > "God caused the following to be written down about Christ" -* **Behold** - "I am telling you something important" or "Listen!" The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **a corner stone, chief and chosen and precious** - The words "chief" and "precious" describe the value of the "cornerstone." AT: "a most important corner stone which I have chosen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# a cornerstone, chosen and valuable + +God is the one who chose the stone. AT: "a most important cornerstone, which I have chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a cornerstone + +The prophet speaks of the Messiah as the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/07.md b/1pe/02/07.md index eef95476dc..f2744e47ad 100644 --- a/1pe/02/07.md +++ b/1pe/02/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Peter continues quoting from the scriptures. -## translationNotes +# the stone that was rejected ... has become the head of the corner -* **the stone that was rejected by the builders** - "the stone that the builder rejected" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a stone of stumbling and a rock of stumbling.** - These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that people will take offense at this "stone." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This is a metaphor that means people, like builders, rejected Jesus, but God has made him the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the stone that was rejected by the builders + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the stone that the builders rejected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the head of the corner + +This refers to the most important stone in a building and means basically the same thing as "cornerstone" in [1 Peter 2:6](./06.md). + +# a stone of stumbling and a rock of stumbling + +These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that people will take offense at this "stone," which refers to Jesus. AT: "a stone or a rock over which people will stumble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stumble, disobeying the word + +Here "the word" refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not believe. AT: "stumble because they are not believing the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for which they were also destined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for which God also destined them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/09.md b/1pe/02/09.md index 92e7e86d61..77a4448b77 100644 --- a/1pe/02/09.md +++ b/1pe/02/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +In verse 10 Peter quotes a verse from the prophet Hosea. Some modern versions do not format this as a quote, which is also acceptable. -## translationNotes +# a chosen people -* **you are a chosen race** - The word "you" refers to believers in Christ. -* **called you out** - "called you to come out" or "called you to turn away from" +You can clarify that God is the one who has chosen them. AT: "a people whom God has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a royal priesthood + +Possible meanings are 1) "a group of kings and a group of priests" or 2) "a group of priests who serve the king." + +# a people for God's possession + +"a people who belong to God" + +# who called you out + +"who called you to come out" + +# from darkness into his marvelous light + +Here "darkness" refers to their condition as sinful people who did not know God, and "light" refers to their condition as people who do know God and practice righteousness. AT: "from a life of sin and ignorance of God to a life of knowing and pleasing him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/11.md b/1pe/02/11.md index b9479cc3a5..e7c33c4a95 100644 --- a/1pe/02/11.md +++ b/1pe/02/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Gentile]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Peter begins to talk about how to live Christian lives. -## translationNotes +# foreigners and exiles -* **foreigners and wanderers** - These two words mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them together to emphasize that they do not belong to the world. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **war against your soul** - "seek to destroy your faith in God" +These two words mean basically the same thing. Peter speaks of his readers as people who are living in foreign lands away from their home. See how you translated "foreigners" in [1 Peter 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to abstain from fleshly desires + +Here the idea of flesh refers to the sinful nature of humanity in this fallen world. AT: "to not to give in to sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make war against your soul + +Here the word "soul" refers to a person's spiritual life. Peter speaks of sinful desires as soldiers that are trying to destroy the spiritual life of believers. AT: "seek to destroy your spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You should have good behavior + +The abstract noun "behavior" can be translated with a verb. AT: "You should behave well" or "You should behave in a good way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if they speak about you as + +"if they accuse you of" + +# they may observe your good works + +The abstract noun "works" can be translated with a verb. AT: "they may observe the good things that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# on the day of his coming + +"on the day when he comes." This refers to the day when God will judge all people. AT: "when he comes to judge everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/13.md b/1pe/02/13.md index 794e097f3b..f61711148a 100644 --- a/1pe/02/13.md +++ b/1pe/02/13.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# for the Lord's sake -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Possible meanings are 1) that by obeying human authorities, they are obeying the Lord who established those authorities or 2) that by obeying human authorities, they will honor Jesus who also obeyed human authorities. -## translationNotes +# the king as supreme -* **do not possess your freedom** - "use your freedom" -* **as a covering for wickedness** - "for an excuse to do evil things" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"the king as the highest human authority" + +# who are sent to punish + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the king has sent to punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in doing good you silence the ignorant talk of foolish people + +"by doing good you stop foolish people from speaking about things that they do not know" + +# as a covering for wickedness + +Peter speaks of their condition as free people as something that they should not use to hide sinful behavior. AT: "as an excuse to do wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the brotherhood + +This refers to all Christian believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/18.md b/1pe/02/18.md index 706fe984a0..d7ea353ef1 100644 --- a/1pe/02/18.md +++ b/1pe/02/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Peter begins to speak specifically to people who are servants in people's houses. -## translationNotes +# the good and gentle masters -* **Servants** - Those who believers were house servants. +Here the words "good" and "gentle" share similar meanings and emphasize that such masters treat their servants kindly. AT: "the very kind masters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the malicious ones + +"the cruel ones" or "the mean ones" + +# it is praiseworthy + +"it is deserving of praise" or "it is pleasing to God" + +# endures pain ... because of his awareness of God + +Possible meanings of the original passage are 1) that this person accepts suffering because he knows he is obeying God or 2) that this person is able to endure unjust punishment because he knows that God knows how he is suffering. + +# For how much credit is there ... while being punished? + +Peter asks this question to emphasize that there is nothing praiseworthy about suffering for doing something wrong. AT: "For there is no credit ... while being punished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# while being punished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "while someone punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you suffer while being punished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you suffer while someone punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/21.md b/1pe/02/21.md index d74989fb3e..f73bef253b 100644 --- a/1pe/02/21.md +++ b/1pe/02/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Peter continues speaking to people who are servants in people's houses. -## translationNotes +# it is to this that you were called -* **to this you were called** - Possible meanings: 1) "you are to behave like this in suffering, because this is how Christ behaved in suffering" or 2) "One of the reasons God choose you is so that you might suffer for Him". -* **When he was reviled, he did not revile back** - "when people insulted Jesus, he did not insult them back." +Here the word "this" refers to believers enduring while suffering for doing good, as Peter has just described. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has called you to this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for you to follow in his steps + +"so that you would follow his footprints." Peter speaks of following Jesus' example in the way that they suffer as if one were walking on the same path that Jesus had taken. AT: "so that you would imitate his behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# neither was any deceit found in his mouth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "neither did anyone find deceit in his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# neither was any deceit found in his mouth + +Here "deceit" refers to words that a person speaks that are intended to deceive other people. AT: "neither did he speak any lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When he was reviled, he did not revile back + +To "revile" someone is to speak abusively to another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When people insulted him, he did not insult them back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gave himself to the one who judges justly + +"he entrusted himself to the one who judges justly." This means that he trusted God to take away his shame, which had been put on him by those who treated him harshly. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/24.md b/1pe/02/24.md index 90f4effb71..c06a0deabd 100644 --- a/1pe/02/24.md +++ b/1pe/02/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Peter continues talking about Jesus Christ. He is still speaking to people who are servants. -## translationNotes +# He himself -* **He himself** - This refers to Jesus for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **our sins** - All occurrences of "our" and "we" refer to Peter the speaker and the believers mentioned in [[:en:bible:notes:1pe:01:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **By his bruises you have been healed.** - "God has healed you by Christ's bruises." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **All of you had been wandering away** - The word "you" refers to the believers in [[:en:bible:notes:1pe:01:01]]. -* **the shepherd and guardian of your souls** - "Jesus guides and protects you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to Jesus, with emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# carried our sins in his body to the tree + +Here "carried our sins" means he suffered the punishment for our sins. AT: "suffered the punishment for our sins in his body on the tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the tree + +This is a reference to the cross on which Jesus died, which was made of wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# By his bruises you have been healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has healed you because people bruised him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you had been wandering away like lost sheep + +Peter speaks about his readers before they believed in Christ as if they had been similar to lost sheep wandering around aimlessly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the shepherd and guardian of your souls + +Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a shepherd. Just as a shepherd protects his sheep, Jesus protects those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/intro.md b/1pe/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b2b54d396 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# 1 Peter 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:6, 7, 8, 10, 22, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Stones ##### +Stones are used in Scripture to describe the church. Jesus is the cornerstone. The apostles and prophets are the foundation. In this chapter, Christians are the stones used to continue to build the church. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Milk and solid food ##### +This is an image used to describe maturity in Christ. It compares the immature Christian to a baby who is only able to drink milk. Immature Christians are not mature enough to handle solid foods, which are the more complex teachings about Jesus. Instead, they have chosen not to grow so they remain like babies who only drink milk, the simpler and more basic teachings about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "You are now the people of God" ##### +Some scholars believe this indicates the church has replaced Israel in the plans of God. Other scholars believe there are more than one "people of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Peter 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/01.md b/1pe/03/01.md index bd756f94df..a07b448972 100644 --- a/1pe/03/01.md +++ b/1pe/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Peter begins to speak specifically to women who are wives. -## translationNotes +# In this way, you who are wives should submit to your own husbands -* Peter has just talked about the suffering of the believers and then about Christ's suffering. -* **In this way, you who are wives should submit to your own husbands,** - "So wives obey your own husbands." -* **some** - The word "some" refers to husbands. -* **they will have seen** - The words "they" and "them" refer to the husbands. +Just as believers are to "Obey every human authority" ([1 Peter 2:13](../02/13.md)) and servants are to "be subject" to their masters ([1 Peter 2:18](../02/18.md)), wives are to submit to their husbands. The words "Obey," "be subject," and "submit" translate the same word. + +# some men are disobedient to the word + +Here "the word" refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not believe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Peter 2:8](../02/07.md). AT: "some men do not believe the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they may be won + +"they may be persuaded to believe in Christ." This means that the unbelieving husbands will become believers. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they may become believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# without a word + +"without the wife saying a word." Here "a word" refers to any word that the wife might speak about Jesus. + +# they will have seen your sincere behavior with respect + +The abstract noun "behavior" can be translated with a verb. AT: "they will have seen that you behave sincerely and respectfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your sincere behavior with respect + +Possible meanings are 1) "your sincere behavior toward them and the way that you honor them" or 2) "your pure behavior toward them and the way that you honor God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/03.md b/1pe/03/03.md index 9588619b8b..802e2e4485 100644 --- a/1pe/03/03.md +++ b/1pe/03/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Peter continues speaking to women who are wives. -## translationNotes +# Let it be done -* Peter has just instructed the wives to submit to their own husbands. -* **Let it not be done** - The word "it" refers to the wives' honoring their husbands. -* **instead the inner person** - "instead let it be done with the inner person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The word "it" refers to the wives' submission to and conduct towards their husbands. + +# the inner person of the heart + +Here the words "inner person" and "heart" refer to the inward character and personality of a person. AT: "what you really are on the inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a gentle and quiet spirit + +"a gentle and peaceful attitude." Here the word "quiet" means "peaceful" or "calm." The word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude or temperament. + +# which is precious before God + +Peter speaks of God's opinion of a person as if that person were standing directly in front of him. AT: "which God considers to be precious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/05.md b/1pe/03/05.md index e8b0001a84..ab72dbb547 100644 --- a/1pe/03/05.md +++ b/1pe/03/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# called him her lord -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:Sarah]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +said that he was her lord, that is, her master -## translationNotes +# You are now her children -* Peter has just instructed the wives to show their gentle and quiet spirits. -* **You are now her children** - The word "you" refers to the wives or women spoken of in [[en:bible:notes:1pe:03:01]]. +Peter says that believing women who act as Sarah acted can be thought of as if they were her actual children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/07.md b/1pe/03/07.md index 67cb0bb5a1..9fb809ab52 100644 --- a/1pe/03/07.md +++ b/1pe/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +Peter begins to speak specifically to men who are husbands. -## translationNotes +# In the same way -* Peter has just instructed the wives to honor their husbands. -* **In the same way** - " just as your wives should respect you" -* **Do this** - "This" refers to the behavior commanded for husbands in this verse. +This refers back to how Sarah and other godly women obeyed their husbands in [1 Peter 3:5-6](./05.md). + +# wives according to understanding, as with a weaker container, a woman + +Peter speaks of women as if they were containers, as men are sometimes also spoken of. The abstract noun "understanding" can also be translated as a verb. AT: "wives, understanding that the woman is the weaker partner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# give them honor as fellow heirs of the gift of life + +You can translate this using verbal phrases. AT: "honor them because they will also receive the eternal life that God gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# heirs of the gift of life + +Eternal life is often spoken of as if it were something that people inherit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do this + +Here "this" refers to the ways husbands should treat their wives. AT: "Live with your wives in this way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that your prayers will not be hindered + +To "hinder" is to prevent something from happening. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that nothing will hinder your prayers" or "so that nothing will keep you from praying as you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/08.md b/1pe/03/08.md index 04da926ea7..671114d648 100644 --- a/1pe/03/08.md +++ b/1pe/03/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +Peter begins to speak again to all of the believers. -## translationNotes +# be likeminded -* Peter has just instructed husbands and wives on how to treat each other so that their prayers will not be hindered. -* **all of you** - The previous three sections addressed slaves, wives, and husbands. This section addresses all these groups plus all other believers. -* **insult** - Rude words or actions. -* **on the contrary** - "in the opposite way" -* **you were called** - "God called you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that you might inherit a blessing** - "so that God will bless you" +"have the same opinion and be" or "have the same attitude and be" + +# tenderhearted + +This refers to having an intense affection for other people. + +# Do not pay back evil for evil or insult for insult + +Peter speaks of responding to the actions of another person as remitting payment for those actions. AT: "Do not do evil to someone who does evil to you or insult someone who insults you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# continue to bless + +You can clarify the object of blessing. AT: "continue to bless those who do evil to you or insult you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for this you were called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God called you for this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that you might inherit a blessing + +Peter speaks of receiving God's blessing as receiving an inheritance. AT: "that you might receive God's blessing as your permanent possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/10.md b/1pe/03/10.md index d3f77a9026..f1510a8618 100644 --- a/1pe/03/10.md +++ b/1pe/03/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +In these verses Peter quotes from the Psalms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# to love life and see good days -* Peter has just instructed all believers on how to treat each other. -* **should stop his tongue from evil and his lips from speaking deceit.** - "stop speaking evil and lies" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the face of the Lord is against** - "the Lord opposes." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the desire to have a good life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# see good days + +Here experiencing good things is spoken of as seeing good things. The word "days" refers to one's lifetime. AT: "experience good things during life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stop his tongue from evil and his lips from speaking deceit + +The words "tongue" and "lips" refer to the person who is speaking. These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the command not to lie. AT: "stop saying evil and deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The eyes of the Lord see the righteous + +The word "eyes" refers to the Lord's ability to know things. The Lord's approval of the righteous is spoken of as his seeing them. AT: "The Lord sees the righteous" or "The Lord approves of the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his ears hear their requests + +The word "ears" refers to the Lord's awareness of what people say. That the Lord hears their requests implies that he also responds to them. AT: "he hears their requests" or "he grants their requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the face of the Lord is against + +The word "face" refers to the Lord's will to oppose his enemies. Opposing someone is spoken of as setting one's face against that person. AT: "the Lord opposes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/13.md b/1pe/03/13.md index 7ef0994d5c..f058dd2e54 100644 --- a/1pe/03/13.md +++ b/1pe/03/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Peter continues teaching the believers how to live Christian lives. -## translationNotes +# Who is the one who will harm you if you are eager to do what is good? -* Peter has been instructing believers on how to live. -* **Who is he who will harm you, if you desire what is good?** - The word "you" refers to believers. AT: "No one will harm you if you do good things." (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do not fear what they fear. Do not be troubled.** - These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that believers should not be afraid of those who persecute them. AT: "Do not be afraid of what people might do to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Peter asks this question to emphasize that it is unlikely that someone would harm them if they do good things. AT: "No one will harm you if you do good things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# suffer because of righteousness + +You can translate this with a verbal phrase. AT: "suffer because you do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you are blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do not fear what they fear. Do not be troubled + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that believers should not be afraid of those who persecute them. AT: "Do not be afraid of what people might do to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# what they fear + +Here the word "they" refers to anyone who might try to harm those to whom Peter is writing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/15.md b/1pe/03/15.md index d286aa606e..61498c415f 100644 --- a/1pe/03/15.md +++ b/1pe/03/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Instead -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:meek]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +"Instead of being afraid and troubled" -## translationNotes +# set apart the Lord Christ in your hearts as holy -* Peter has been instructing believers to live righteously and not fear those that persecute them. -* **Instead, set apart the Lord Christ as precious in your hear** - "Respect Christ deeply and willingly obey him."" here marks what the believer should do other than those things which have been previously listed in [[en/bible/notes/1pe/03/15]] -* **precious** - "holy," "greatly valued," or "treasured" +The phrase "set apart the Lord Christ ... as holy" means to acknowledge Christ's holiness. This action is referred to as if it were putting something in a place of honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in your hearts + +Here a person's inner being and center of emotions is referred to as the "heart." AT: "with all your will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/18.md b/1pe/03/18.md index fa57c6836e..33161bbe97 100644 --- a/1pe/03/18.md +++ b/1pe/03/18.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Peter explains how Christ suffered and what Christ accomplished by suffering. -## translationNotes +# suffered for us -* Peter has been instructing believers to live righteously and not fear those that persecute them. -* **suffered for us** - The word "us" includes the speaker, Peter and the audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **In the spirit, he went and preached to the spirits who are now in prison** - After Christ was killed he went to the place of the dead and preached to the spirits. +The word "us" refers to Peter and the audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# so that he would bring us to God + +Peter probably means here that Christ died in order to create a close relationship between us and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He was put to death in the flesh + +Here "flesh" refers to Christ's body; Christ was physically put to death. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People put Christ to death physically" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he was made alive by the Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Spirit made him alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the Spirit + +Possible meanings are 1) by the Holy Spirit's power or 2) in a spiritual existence. + +# By the Spirit, he went + +Possible meanings are 1) "By the Holy Spirit's power, he went" or 2) "In his spiritual existence, he went." + +# the spirits who are now in prison + +Possible meanings of the word "spirits" are 1) "evil spirits" or 2) "spirits of the dead people." + +# when the patience of God was waiting + +The word "patience" is a metonym for God himself. Peter writes of God's patience as if it is a person. AT: "when God was waiting patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the days of Noah, in the days of the building of an ark + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "during the time of Noah, when he was building an ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# eight souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to people. AT: "eight people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/21.md b/1pe/03/21.md index d2c6109e7b..e142adb74e 100644 --- a/1pe/03/21.md +++ b/1pe/03/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# This is a symbol of the baptism that saves you now -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Peter says that baptism corresponds to the way in which God saved Noah and his family in the ark from the flood. -## translationNotes +# the baptism that saves you now -* Peter has been talking to the believers about Christ's suffering and death and Christ's preaching to those who had already died. -* **that saves you** - The word "you" refers to the believers as well as Peter. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +Baptism is the means by which God saves people. AT: "the baptism by which God saves you now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the appeal of a good conscience to God + +Possible meanings are 1) "the appeal of a person to God to give him a good conscience" or 2) "the pledge of a person to God made with a good conscience, that is, sincerely." + +# through the resurrection of Jesus Christ + +"because of the resurrection of Jesus Christ." This phrase completes the thought, "This is a symbol of the baptism that saves you now." + +# submit to him + +"submit to Jesus Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/intro.md b/1pe/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9ffb8d7b17 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# 1 Peter 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:10-12, which is a reference to the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Outward ornaments" ##### +These were signs of a beautiful woman in ancient Israel. They are contrasted with "inner" beauty or godly character. Many cultures have different standards of external beauty for women. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +##### Unity ##### +The apostles placed a great value on unity in the local church. This chapter encourages unity and peace in the church. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Synecdoche ##### +In the referenced verses, the psalmist uses several synecdoches to describe God. This is because God is indescribable and often requires images and other figures of speech for us to understand him. It is also common in poetry to use different figures of speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Wives, submit to your husbands ##### + +Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in light of its historical and cultural context. Some scholars have the belief that men and women are perfectly equal in all things (known as egalitarianism). Other scholars have the belief that men and women were created to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church (known as complementarianism). How one understands this issue will likely affect how this passage is translated. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Peter 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/01.md b/1pe/04/01.md index 2579043bee..7886d31044 100644 --- a/1pe/04/01.md +++ b/1pe/04/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Peter continues to teach the believers about Christian living. He begins by giving a conclusion to his thoughts from the previous chapter about Christ's sufferings. -## translationNotes +# in the flesh -* Peter has been talking about Christ's resurrection to heaven and his authority and power. -* **Therefore** - This word marks the conclusion of Peter's thoughts to his audience. -* **arm yourselves with the same intention** - "you also be willing to suffer" -* **yourselves** - This refers to the believers in chapter one. -* **whoever** - "any person who" +"in his body" + +# arm yourselves with the same intention + +The phrase "arm yourselves" makes readers think of soldiers who get their weapons ready for battle. It also pictures "the same intention" as a weapon or perhaps as a piece of armor. Here this metaphor means that believers should be determined in their mind to suffer as Jesus did. AT: "prepare yourselves with the same thoughts that Christ had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the flesh + +Here "flesh" means "body." AT: "in his body" or "while here on earth" + +# has ceased from sin + +"has stopped sinning" + +# for men's desires + +for the things that sinful people normally desire \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/03.md b/1pe/04/03.md index 786b5e3837..95b9e3a4e2 100644 --- a/1pe/04/03.md +++ b/1pe/04/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# drunken celebrations, having wild parties -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +These terms refer to activities in which people gather to drink alcohol excessively and behave in a shameful manner. -## translationNotes +# floods of dissipation -* Peter has just told the believers of the value to themselves of their suffering for Christ. -* **sensuality, passion, drunkenness, carousings, wild parties, and in abominable idolatries** - "sexual sins, evil desires, drunkenness, wild and drunken parties, and idol worship that God hates" -* **the gospel was preached** - "Christ preached the good news" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These examples of wild, boundless sin are spoken of as if they were great floods of water that sweep over people. + +# dissipation + +limitless indulgence of bodily desires + +# the one who is ready to judge + +Possible meanings are 1) "God, who is ready to judge" or 2) "Christ, who is ready to judge" + +# the living and the dead + +This means all people, whether they are still alive or have died. AT: "every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the gospel was preached also to the dead + +Possible meanings are 1) "the gospel was preached also to people who had already died" or 2) "the gospel was preached also to those who were alive but are now dead" + +# the gospel was preached + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Christ preached. AT: "Christ preached the gospel" or 2) men preached. AT: "men preached the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they have been judged in the flesh as humans + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) God judged them in this life on earth. AT: "God judged them in their bodies as humans" or 2) men judged them according to human standards. AT: "men judged them in their bodies as humans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# judged in the flesh as humans + +This is a reference to death as the ultimate form of judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# live as God in the spirit + +Possible meanings are 1) "live spiritually as God lives because the Holy Spirit will enable them to do so" or 2) "live according to God's standards by the power of the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/07.md b/1pe/04/07.md index 1006c84e8d..0b9ee1ff0b 100644 --- a/1pe/04/07.md +++ b/1pe/04/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The end of all things -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This refers to the end of the world at Christ's second coming. -## translationNotes +# is coming -* **The end of all things is coming** - "Soon God will change everything on earth." -* **be of sound mind, and be sober in your thinking** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them to emphasize the need to think clearly about life since the end is near. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **your thinking** - The word "your" refers to all believers +The end that will happen soon is spoken of as if it is physically coming closer in distance. AT: "will soon happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be of sound mind, and be sober in your thinking + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them to emphasize the need to think clearly about life since the end of the world is near. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# be sober in your thinking + +Here the word "sober" refers to mental clarity and alertness. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:13](../01/13.md). AT: "control your thoughts" or "be careful about what you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Above all things + +"Most importantly of all" + +# for love covers a multitude of sins + +Peter describes "love" as if it were a person who places a cover over the sins of others. Possible meanings are 1) "for a person who loves will not try to find out if another person has sinned" or 2) "for a person who loves will forgive the sins of other people, even if those sins are many" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Be hospitable + +Show kindness to and welcome guests and travelers \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/10.md b/1pe/04/10.md index c2eda9b0a9..adbe7f1ed4 100644 --- a/1pe/04/10.md +++ b/1pe/04/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# As each one of you has received a gift -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +This refers to special spiritual abilities that God gives to believers. AT: "Because each one of you has received a special spiritual ability as a gift from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# so that in all ways God would be glorified -* **As each one of you has received a gift** - "God has given each of you a special ability" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that in all ways you will glorify God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# glorified + +praised, honored \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/12.md b/1pe/04/12.md index df27083367..1fbbbd3e2d 100644 --- a/1pe/04/12.md +++ b/1pe/04/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the testing in the fire that has happened to you -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:trial]] +In the same way that fire refines gold, trials test and refine a person's faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# rejoice and be glad -* **But as much as you experience the sufferings of Christ, rejoice** - "rejoice that you are suffering the same kinds of things that Christ endured" UDB) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. AT: "rejoice even more" or "be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# at the revealing of his glory + +"when God reveals Christ's glory" + +# If you are insulted for Christ's name + +Here the word "name" refers to Christ himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "If people insult you because you believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Spirit of glory and the Spirit of God + +Both of these refer to the Holy Spirit. AT: "the Spirit of glory, who is the Spirit of God" or "the glorious Spirit of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# is resting on you + +is staying with you \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/15.md b/1pe/04/15.md index 25c5b82da7..5f7c7dc986 100644 --- a/1pe/04/15.md +++ b/1pe/04/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# a meddler -* [[en:tw:christian]] -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This refers to a person who gets involved with the affairs of others without having a right to do so. -## translationNotes +# with that name +"because he bears the name Christian" or "because people have recognized him as a Christian." The words "that name" refer to the word "Christian." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/17.md b/1pe/04/17.md index d4b05a1081..013dda5a60 100644 --- a/1pe/04/17.md +++ b/1pe/04/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# household of God -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +This phrase refers to believers, whom Peter speaks of as God's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# If it begins with us, what will be the outcome for those who do not obey God's gospel? -* **household of God** - This phrase refers to believers, those who follow Yahweh through Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **And if it begins with us, what will be the outcome for those who do not obey God's gospel?** - "Since he will judge us believers first, think about the terrible things that will happen to those who do not obey the good news that comes from him!" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Peter use this question to emphasize that God's judgment will be more severe for people who reject the gospel than for believers. AT: "If it begins with us, the outcome for those who do not obey God's gospel will be much worse." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what will be the outcome for those + +"what will happen to those" + +# those who do not obey God's gospel + +"those who do not believe God's gospel." Here the word "obey" means to believe. + +# the righteous ... what will become of the ungodly and the sinner? + +Peter use this question to emphasize that sinners will suffer much more than believers do. AT: "the righteous man ... the outcome will be much worse for the ungodly and the sinner." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what will become of the ungodly and the sinner + +"what will happen to the ungodly and the sinner" + +# If it is difficult for the righteous to be saved + +Here the word "saved" refers to final salvation when Christ returns. This can be stated in active form. AT: "If the righteous person experiences many difficulties before God saves him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the ungodly and the sinner + +The words "ungodly" and "sinner" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the wickedness of these people. AT: "ungodly sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# entrust their souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to the whole person. AT: "entrust themselves" or "entrust their lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in well-doing + +The abstract noun "well-doing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "while they do good" or "while they live rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/intro.md b/1pe/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e3b7334fc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 1 Peter 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:18, which is a reference to the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ungodly Gentiles ##### + +This passage uses the term "Gentiles" to refer to all ungodly people who are not Jews. It does not include Gentiles who have become Christians. "Sensuality, passion, drunkenness, carousings, wild parties, and disgusting acts of idolatry" were actions that characterized or typified the ungodly Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +##### Martyrdom ##### +It is apparent that Peter is speaking to many Christians who are experiencing great persecution and are facing death for their beliefs. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Has ceased from sin" ##### +This does not mean that anyone has stopped sinning. This would contradict other passages of Scripture. The UDB clarifies the meaning of this phrase. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Peter 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/01.md b/1pe/05/01.md index aec378e80a..3c1151429b 100644 --- a/1pe/05/01.md +++ b/1pe/05/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Peter speaks specifically to men who are elders. -## translationNotes +# a participant in -* Peter has just encouraged the believers under persecution. -* **elders among you** - The word "you" refers to the believers in Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Therefore** - "for this reason" -* **the flock of God** - This compares the church to a group of sheep. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Look after** - "care for" or "tend" -* **Do not act as a master** - "Do not act like an important boss" +"one who shares in" or "one who takes part in" + +# the glory that will be revealed + +This is a reference to Christ's second coming. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the glory of Christ that God will reveal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tend the flock of God + +Peter speaks of the believers as a flock of sheep and the elders as the shepherds who care for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Look after them + +"Care for them" + +# Do not act as a master over the people ... Instead, be an example + +Elders are to lead by example and not act toward the people as a harsh master would toward his servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who are in your care + +You can translate this using a verbal phrase. AT: "whom God has placed in your care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then when the Chief Shepherd is revealed + +Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a shepherd who had authority over all other shepherds. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Jesus, the Chief Shepherd, appears" or "When God reveals Jesus, the Chief Shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an unfading crown of glory + +Here the word "crown" represents the reward that someone receives as a symbol of victory. The word "unfading" means that it is eternal. AT: "a glorious prize that will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of glory + +glorious \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/05.md b/1pe/05/05.md index 408259aed8..40e5cd69ec 100644 --- a/1pe/05/05.md +++ b/1pe/05/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Peter gives an instruction specifically to younger men and then continues to instruct all of the believers. -## translationNotes +# In the same way -* Peter has just told the leaders in the church how to live. -* **all of you** - This refers to all believers, not just the younger men. -* **gird yourselves with humility** - "should act humbly toward each other" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **under God's mighty hand** - "under God's power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **cast** - "let him take care of" (UDB) -* **your anxiety** - "your worry" or "your trouble" or "your distractions" -* **he cares for you** - "he is concerned about you" +This refers back to the way the elders submitted to the Chief Shepherd in [1 Peter 5:1-4](./01.md). + +# All of you + +This refers to all believers, not just the younger men. + +# clothe yourselves with humility + +Peter speaks of having the moral quality of humility as putting on a piece of clothing. AT: "act humbly toward each other" or "act with humility" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under God's mighty hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to God's power to save the humble and punish the proud. AT: "under God's great power" or "before God, realizing that he has great power," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Cast all your anxiety on him + +Peter speaks of anxiety as if it were a heavy burden that a person places on God, rather than carrying it himself. AT: "Trust him with everything that worries you" or "Let him take care of all the things that trouble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/08.md b/1pe/05/08.md index 27307add72..c7efe67a19 100644 --- a/1pe/05/08.md +++ b/1pe/05/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Be sober -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here the word "sober" refers to mental clarity and alertness. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:13](../01/13.md). AT: "Control your thoughts" or "Be careful about what you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the devil, is stalking around like a roaring lion ... looking for someone to devour -* Peter has just told the young men and then all believers in the church how to live. -* **like a roaring lion** - The devil is compared to a lion because he is trying to destroy people (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **stalking around** - "walking about" or "walking about and hunting" -* **Stand against him** - "Resist him" -* **in the world ** - "in various places throughout the world" +Peter compares the devil to a roaring lion. Just as a hungry lion completely devours its prey, the devil is seeking to completely destroy the faith of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# stalking around + +"walking about" or "walking about and hunting" + +# Stand against him + +Standing is a metonym for fighting. AT: "Fight against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your community + +Peter speaks of fellow believers as members of the same community. AT: "your fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the world + +"in various places throughout the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/10.md b/1pe/05/10.md index 8ec7d2894a..b569ed517f 100644 --- a/1pe/05/10.md +++ b/1pe/05/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +This is the end of Peter's letter. Here he gives his final remarks about his letter and his closing greetings. -## translationNotes +# for a little while -* Peter has just told the believers to resist the devil and be strong. -* **for a little while** - "for a short time" -* **God of all grace** - "God who is completely kind" -* **who called you to his eternal glory in Christ** - "who chose us to share his eternal glory in heaven because we are joined to Christ" (UDB) -* **perfect you** - "restore you" -* **establish you** - "set you securely" +"for a short time" + +# the God of all grace + +Here the word "grace" may refer either to the things that God gives or to God's character. Possible meanings are 1) "the God who always gives us what we need" or 2) "the God who is always gracious." + +# who called you to his eternal glory in Christ + +"who chose you to share his eternal glory in heaven because you are joined to Christ" + +# perfect you + +"make you perfect" or "restore you" or "make you well again" + +# establish you, and strengthen you + +These two expressions have similar meanings, that is, that God will enable the believers to trust in him and to obey him regardless of any suffering they may experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/12.md b/1pe/05/12.md index 283c396c39..431a23ff08 100644 --- a/1pe/05/12.md +++ b/1pe/05/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I have written to you briefly through him -* [[en:tw:Babylon]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Silvanus wrote the words that Peter told him to write in the letter. -## translationNotes +# what I have written is the true grace of God -* **Silvanus** - (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **exhort** - "warn," "advise," or "beg" -* ** what I have written is the true grace of God** - "what I have written is a true message about the things that God kindly does for us" (UDB) -* **Stand in it** - "Continue to firmly believe this message" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) The word "it" refers to the grace of God. -* **She who is in Babylon** - Babylon is a code word for Rome. -* **Greet one another with a kiss** - "Welcome and love one another" +"I have written about the true grace of God." Here the word "grace" refers to the gospel message, which tells of the kind things that God has done for believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Stand in it + +The word "it" refers to "the true grace of God." Being strongly committed to this grace is spoken of as standing firmly in one place, refusing to move. AT: "Remain strongly committed to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The woman who is in Babylon + +Here "The woman" probably refers to the group of believers who live in "Babylon." Possible meanings for "Babylon" are 1) it is a symbol for the city of Rome, 2) it is a symbol for anywhere that Christians are suffering, or 3) it refers literally to the city of Babylon. It most likely refers to the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# who is chosen together with you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has chosen as he has chosen you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my son + +Peter speaks of Mark as if he is his spiritual son. AT: "my spiritual son" or "who is like a son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a kiss of love + +"a loving kiss" or "a kiss to show your love for each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/intro.md b/1pe/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cb5646f620 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 1 Peter 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Verses [1 Peter 12-14](./12.md) form the closing salutation of the letter. This was typical for a letter in the ancient Near East. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Elders ##### +There is some disagreement over the titles used for church leaders. Some of these titles are overseer, elder, pastor, deacons and bishop. + +##### Crowns ##### +Crowns are a significant image used in Scripture. There are several Greek words translated as "crowns" in English. The crown referenced here is a type of reward. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Lion ##### +God is pictured as a lion in Scripture. Jesus is the lion of the tribe of Judah. In this chapter, Satan is described as "like a roaring lion." Its meaning is that Satan seeks to destroy the testimony or witness of Christians, but it is possible that this phrase is used because he is an imitator of God. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Babylon ##### +Babylon was the epitome of evil. Babylon is often a metaphor for an evil place or an evil people. In this chapter, it is probably a reference to Rome. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Peter 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/front/intro.md b/1pe/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0b62b4101d --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Peter # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 1 Peter #### + +1. Introduction (1:1-2) +1. Praise for God's salvation of the believers (1:3-2:10) +1. Christian living (2:11-4:11) +1. Encouragement to persevere when suffering (4:12-5:11) +1. Closing (5:12-14) + + +#### What is the Book of 1 Peter about? #### + +Peter states that he wrote this letter for the purpose of "encouraging you and testifying that this is the true grace of God" (5:12). +He encourages Christians to persevere when there is suffering because the second coming of Christ is near. Peter also gives instructions about Christian relationships within one's family and with governmental authorities. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title "1 Peter" or "First Peter." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The First Letter from Peter" or "The First Letter Peter Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 1 Peter? #### + +The Book of 1 Peter was written by the Apostle Peter. Peter begins his letter by saying who he is and to whom he is writing. He addresses the letter to all Christians. He refers several times to his readers as "strangers" because they are scattered in different countries. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### How were Christians treated in Rome? #### + +This letter was probably written from Rome. It appears that when Peter wrote this letter, Christians were being badly persecuted. When Peter speaks of the church that is in Babylon (5:13), he may have been referring to Rome. Or perhaps he was referring to Christians everywhere "in exile," that is, living in this world, away from the full reality of the kingdom of God where they would be in perfect peace. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Singular and plural "you" #### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Peter, except for two places: [1 Peter 1:16](../01/15.md) and [1 Peter 2:6](../02/06.md). The word "you" is always plural and refers to the believers in the Dispersion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Peter? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 1 Peter: + +* "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart" (1:22). The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth through the Spirit for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart." + +Translators are advised not to translate the expression "through the Spirit." However, if older Bible versions that exist in their region have it, it is not wrong to translate it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of 1 Peter. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/01.md b/1sa/01/01.md index 39a3c10b2b..fe1f86d0d2 100644 --- a/1sa/01/01.md +++ b/1sa/01/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ramathaim -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:hannah]] +This is the name of a small village possibly located eight kilometers northwest of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the Zuphites -* **Ramathaim Zophim** - This is the name of a small village possibly located 8 km north-west of Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Elkanah...Jeroham...Elihu...Tohu...Zuph** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Peninnah** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a people group that descended from Zuph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elkanah ... Jeroham ... Elihu ... Tohu ... Zuph + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Peninnah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/03.md b/1sa/01/03.md index f4868a0c36..15aca60310 100644 --- a/1sa/01/03.md +++ b/1sa/01/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This man -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas|Phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh|Shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"This man" refers to Elkanah. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh -* **This man** - "This man" refers to Elkanah. -* **Eli, Hophni, and Phinehas** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Eli, Hophni and Phinehas + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/05.md b/1sa/01/05.md index c185bc129b..8c6af1fecc 100644 --- a/1sa/01/05.md +++ b/1sa/01/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Hannah -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +This is a woman's name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# closed her womb -* **Hannah** - This is a female name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **provoked her severely** - This wife would regularly grieve and or shame Hannah regularly. -* **closed her womb.** - "made her barren" or "prevented her from becoming pregnant." +"made her barren" or "prevented her from becoming pregnant" + +# Her rival provoked her severely + +The other wife would often grieve and shame Hannah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/07.md b/1sa/01/07.md index 241aa08c58..0afe8ff264 100644 --- a/1sa/01/07.md +++ b/1sa/01/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# her rival -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +This is Peninnah, the other wife of Elkanah. A rival is someone who competes against another person. In this case Peninnah was competing against Hannah to try to get Elkanah to love her best. -## translationNotes +# Hannah, why do you weep? Why do you not eat? Why is your heart sad? Am I not better to you than ten sons? -* **her rival** - This is Peninnah, the other wife of Elkanah. -* **Hannah, why do you weep? Why do you not eat? Why is your heart sad? Am I not better to you than ten sons?** - Elkanah knows the answers to these four questions, but asks them to make the point that she is his favored wife. AT: "You have little reason for sadness I favor you and that should be enough." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements, if necessary. AT: "Hannah, you should not weep. You should eat, and your heart should be glad because I am better to you than ten sons!" or "You have little reason for sadness. I favor you and that should be enough." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# than ten sons + +Elkanah is exaggerating to emphasize how important Hannah is to him. AT: "than any son could be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/09.md b/1sa/01/09.md index e47099d710..234c5d44fb 100644 --- a/1sa/01/09.md +++ b/1sa/01/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Hannah begins to pray to Yahweh, and Eli watches. -## translationNotes +# Hannah rose up after -* Hannah begins to pray to Yahweh and Eli watches. -* **Hannah rose up after** - "Hannah rose up and went to the house of Yahweh to pray after" It is implied that either Hannah's tent was next to the tabernacle tent or she walked from her tent to the tabernacle to pray. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Now Eli the priest** - This word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells about a new person in the story. This person is the priest Eli. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **She was deeply distressed** - Hannah was deeply troubled or grieving because of not having any children and being ridiculed regularly by Peninnah her husband's other wife. (See: Explicit and Implicit) +Implicit information here can be made explicit. Either Hannah's tent was next to the tabernacle tent or she walked from her tent to the tabernacle to pray. AT: "Hannah rose up and went to the house of Yahweh to pray after" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now Eli the priest + +"Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells about a new person in the story. This person is the priest Eli. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the temple of Yahweh + +The "temple" was actually a tent, but it was where the people worshiped, so it is best to translate as "temple" here. + +# She was deeply distressed + +Hannah was deeply troubled or grieved because of not having any children and being ridiculed regularly by Peninnah, her husband's other wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/11.md b/1sa/01/11.md index d119fb6b59..47c60fafaa 100644 --- a/1sa/01/11.md +++ b/1sa/01/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Hannah's prayer to Yahweh continues. -## translationNotes +# the affliction of your servant -* Hannah's prayer to Yahweh continues -* **affliction of your servant** - This refers to Hannah being unable to become pregnant. -* **call me to mind** - This is a special plea to God to take action on Hannah's behalf. Not to be mistaken with God not knowing or being aware of Hannah's situation. -* ** do not forget your servant** - Hannah is repeating her plea for God not to ignore her request but to intervene in her life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The abstract noun "affliction" can be translated as a verb phrase. This refers either to 1) Hannah being unable to become pregnant. AT: "how I am suffering because I cannot become pregnant" or 2) the way Peninnah always insulted her. AT: "how that woman is afflicting me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# call me to mind + +This is a special plea to God to take action on Hannah's behalf. God does know what is happening to Hannah; he has not forgotten. + +# do not forget your servant + +This phrase says almost the same thing as "call me to mind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/12.md b/1sa/01/12.md index 8b7f691aad..a255838890 100644 --- a/1sa/01/12.md +++ b/1sa/01/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Eli watched her -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Eli saw her** - Eli was the chief priest in charge of the tabernacle of God. +Eli was the chief priest, so he was in the tabernacle of God and in charge of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/15.md b/1sa/01/15.md index caf1730b7d..d0d498e7aa 100644 --- a/1sa/01/15.md +++ b/1sa/01/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] +"I am a woman who is deeply sad" -## translationNotes +# pouring out my soul before Yahweh -* **I am a woman of sorrowful spirit** - AT: "I am a woman who is deeply sad." -* **pouring out my soul before Yahweh** - AT: "telling Yahweh my deepest emotions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I have been speaking out of the abundance of my great concern and provocation** - This is another way of saying that she has a "sorrowful spirit" in 1:15. -* **provocation** - Hannah was referring to all the grief and shame she has had to endure from her husband's other wife. +This is an idiom that means "telling Yahweh my deepest emotions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do not consider your servant to be + +Hannah speaks of herself in the second person to show her humility. It can be stated in first person. AT: "Do not consider me, your servant, to be" or "Do not consider me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I have been speaking out of the abundance of my great concern and provocation + +This is another way of saying that she has a "sorrowful spirit," as in 1:15. The abstract nouns "abundance," "concern," and "provocation" can be translated as adjectives and verbs. AT: "I have been speaking because I am very sad, and my rival has greatly provoked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# concern and provocation + +These words both mean that Hannah is sad and annoyed because her rival has been provoking her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# concern + +Peninnah irritates and annoys her. + +# provocation + +Hannah is referring to the grief and shame she feels because Peninnah is being cruel to her. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/17.md b/1sa/01/17.md index 2f17a36bf6..d914055ac0 100644 --- a/1sa/01/17.md +++ b/1sa/01/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Eli answered -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Eli was the head priest residing over the tabernacle. -## translationNotes +# Let your servant find -* **Then Eli answered** - Eli was the head priest residing over the tabernacle. -* **your servant** - This was an expression of Hannah's respect for Eli being the head priest. -* **her face** - AT: "She" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Hannah speaks of herself in the second person to show respect for Eli, the head priest. This can be stated in the first person. AT: "Let me, your servant, find" or "Let me find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# find favor in your eyes + +Here "find favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here the eyes are a metonym for sight, and seeing represents judging or deciding the value of something. AT: "evaluated me and approve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ate; her face was + +Here "her face" represents Hannah herself. You can make this a separate sentence, if needed. AT: "ate. She was" or "ate. People could see that she was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/19.md b/1sa/01/19.md index 829644fde1..b084156cce 100644 --- a/1sa/01/19.md +++ b/1sa/01/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# called her to mind -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +God knew what was happening to Hannah; he had not forgotten. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 1:11](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# Hannah conceived -* **Hannah conceived** - Hannah became pregnant. +"Hannah became pregnant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/21.md b/1sa/01/21.md index 3f5950b04e..e2d0ce2894 100644 --- a/1sa/01/21.md +++ b/1sa/01/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# his house -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. AT: "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# is weaned -* **weaned** - This is when the baby is able to eat food other than the mother's milk. -* **nursed** - This is feeding the baby with the mother's milk. -* **he may appear before Yahweh and live there forever** - Hannah had promised God that she would allow him to live and work with Eli the priest in the temple. +stops drinking milk and starts eating only solid food + +# he may appear before Yahweh and live there forever + +Hannah had promised God that she would allow Samuel to live and work with Eli the priest in the temple ([1 Samuel 1:11](./11.md)). + +# nursed her son + +"gave her son milk" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/24.md b/1sa/01/24.md index 4d4845cb8e..42059b96c1 100644 --- a/1sa/01/24.md +++ b/1sa/01/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# ephah -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] +An ephah is about 22 liters of dry material. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# bottle -* **ephah** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +Wine was kept in animal skins, not glass bottles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/26.md b/1sa/01/26.md index 6421bda050..856e0386fc 100644 --- a/1sa/01/26.md +++ b/1sa/01/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh, my master! As you live, my master -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Here the idiom "As you live" shows that Hannah is being sincere and truthful. AT: "Sir, what I am going to tell you is certainly true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# has given me my petition which I asked of him -* **\v 26 She said, "Oh, my master! As you live, my master** - AT: "Sir, what I am going to tell you is certainly true" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my petition** - AT: "my deeply desired prayer" +The noun "petition" refers to a formal request for another person to do something. It can be translated with a verb. The idiom "to give a petition" means to do what the person requests. AT: "has agreed to do what I solemnly requested that he do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he is lent to Yahweh + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I am loaning him to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he worshiped Yahweh + +Possible meanings: 1) "He" refers to Elkanah or 2) "he" is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. AT: "Elkanah and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/intro.md b/1sa/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3093a50a5f --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# 1 Samuel 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter introduces Samuel. It is the beginning of the section 1 Samuel 1-7 which tells about Samuel, the religious leader of Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Two wives ##### +This was a common practice in the ancient Near East. It was against the law of Moses. The men of Israel would have sinned if they married more than one woman. This type of marriage always creates problems because of jealousy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) + +##### "Pay his vow" ##### +It was customary for Israelites to promise God to make a sacrifice to him if God answered special prayers. Making such a sacrifice was called paying one's vow. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idioms ##### + +When Hannah wanted to assure Eli she was telling the truth, she used the idiom "as you live." This is a type of oath formula meaning "I promise you I am telling the truth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +The author also uses the phrase "call to mind." This is a common idiom meaning "remember." + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 1:1](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Samuel intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/01.md b/1sa/02/01.md index 45db46bd70..0d680161c6 100644 --- a/1sa/02/01.md +++ b/1sa/02/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exult]] -* [[en:tw:hannah]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Hannah recites a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# My heart exults -* **My heart exults in Yahweh; my horn is exalted in Yahweh** - She is saying the same thought in two ways. (See: [[: en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **horn** - This is another way of saying strength. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I have great joy" + +# in Yahweh + +"because of who Yahweh is" or "because Yahweh is so great" + +# My horn is exalted + +A horn is a symbol of strength. AT: "I am now strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/02.md b/1sa/02/02.md index 88046fed51..5d1dba1ed8 100644 --- a/1sa/02/02.md +++ b/1sa/02/02.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# there is no rock like our God -* Hannah continues praying to Yahweh. -* **There is no rock like our God** - This is another way of saying that God is strong and faithful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is another way of saying that God is strong and faithful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rock + +This is a rock large enough to hide behind or to stand on and so be high above one's enemies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/03.md b/1sa/02/03.md index c94059910d..f1fddea7c7 100644 --- a/1sa/02/03.md +++ b/1sa/02/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. She speaks as if other people were listening to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# no arrogance -* Hannah continues speaking. Here she speaks as if other people were there listening to her. -* **actions are weighed** - God understands why people act as they do. AT: "he weighs people's actions" or "he evaluates what people do" -* **those who stumble put on strength like a belt** - They will no longer stumble, but their strength will remain with them as tightly as if it were a belt. AT: "They will no longer stumble but will remain strong." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"no arrogant words" + +# by him actions are weighed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he weighs people's actions" or "he understands why people act as they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The bow of the mighty men are broken + +Possible meanings are 1) the bows themselves are broken or 2) the men who carry the bows are prevented from acting. AT: "Mighty bowmen are kept from acting" + +# The bow of the mighty men are broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh breaks the bows of the mighty men" or "Yahweh can make even the strongest of people weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who stumble put on strength like a belt + +This metaphor means they will no longer stumble, but their strength will remain with them as tightly as a belt. AT: "he will make those who stumble strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# put on ... a belt + +This is the general term for putting something around one's waist to prepare for work. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/05.md b/1sa/02/05.md index 90798f6c5c..0a22b04c63 100644 --- a/1sa/02/05.md +++ b/1sa/02/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# gives birth to seven -* **Those who were full...those who were hungry....** - Each of these two sentences is comparing one thought to the opposite thought. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"gives birth to seven children" + +# languishes + +"becomes weak and sad and lonely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/06.md b/1sa/02/06.md index 388fe354e8..6cde5ab908 100644 --- a/1sa/02/06.md +++ b/1sa/02/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh kills ... brings to life ... brings down ... raises up ... makes some people poor ... some rich ... humbles ... lifts up -* * -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Yahweh is in control of everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/08.md b/1sa/02/08.md index 5c7a5e3ef8..f311fa99ec 100644 --- a/1sa/02/08.md +++ b/1sa/02/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:dung|dung]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:world|world, worldly]] +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the dust ... from the ash heap -* **He raises up the poor out of the dust; he lifts the needy from the dunghill** - Each of these phrases expresses the same idea in two different ways. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **out of the dust** - AT: "from off of the ground." This is another way of saying from poverty. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **from the dunghill** - AT: "from the place where dung is taken outside of the city." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These are metaphors for the lowest position in society. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the needy + +people who do not have the things that they need \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/09.md b/1sa/02/09.md index 466b640d11..4eb0d7325d 100644 --- a/1sa/02/09.md +++ b/1sa/02/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# guard the feet of his faithful people -* **guard the feet of his faithful people** - This refers to God guiding those who love him by using one part of the body, the feet, to refer to the whole person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **put to silence in darkness** - This is another way of referring to death. (See: [[: en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Here "feet" is a metonym for the way a person walks, which in turn is a metaphor for the way a person decides how to live his life. AT: "keep his faithful people from making foolish decisions" or "enable his faithful people to make wise decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked will be put to silence in darkness + +This polite way of saying that Yahweh will kill the wicked can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will put the wicked to silence in darkness" or "Yahweh will put the wicked in the dark and silent world of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the wicked will be put to silence + +The words "be put to silence" are an idiom for "be made silent." This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will make them silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by strength + +"because he is strong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/10.md b/1sa/02/10.md index 66113dc69c..a62ed10d0b 100644 --- a/1sa/02/10.md +++ b/1sa/02/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Those who oppose Yahweh will be broken -* **broken to pieces** - AT: "defeated." See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the ends of the earth** - AT: "the whole earth." See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he will give strength to his king and exalt the horn of his anointed** - This is saying the same thought in two different ways to emphasize that he will certainly do it. See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **horn** - This is a musical instrument that is a symbol for strength. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will break those who oppose him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# broken to pieces + +This idiom means "defeated." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the ends of the earth + +This is an idiom that means everywhere. AT: "the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# exalt the horn of his anointed + +A horn is a symbol of strength. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 2:1](./01.md). AT: "he will make the leader he has chosen stronger than his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his anointed + +This speaks of the person that Yahweh chose and empowered for his purposes as if Yahweh had anointed the person with oil. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one he has anointed" or "the one he has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/11.md b/1sa/02/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d466fecb61..0000000000 --- a/1sa/02/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this passage. diff --git a/1sa/02/12.md b/1sa/02/12.md index 03224b6329..f1039a7923 100644 --- a/1sa/02/12.md +++ b/1sa/02/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] +When people would offer animals as sacrifices, they would first burn the animal's fat and then boil the meat and eat it. -## translationNotes +# did not know Yahweh -* **did not know** - They had not entered into a relationship of love with Yahweh as their God. -* **custom** - A custom is an action that people repeatedly do. +"did not listen to Yahweh" or "did not obey Yahweh" + +# custom + +A custom is an action that people regularly do. + +# into the pan, or kettle, or cauldron, or pot + +These are containers in which food could be cooked. If your language does not have separate words for these items it can be stated more generally. AT: "into whatever the people were cooking the meat in" + +# pan + +a small metal container for boiling and cooking + +# kettle + +a large, heavy metal container for boiling and cooking + +# cauldron + +a large, heavy metal container for boiling and cooking + +# pot + +a clay container for cooking \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/15.md b/1sa/02/15.md index 642195d89c..4b4b36e20b 100644 --- a/1sa/02/15.md +++ b/1sa/02/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sin]] +When people would offer animals as sacrifices, they would first burn the animal's fat and then boil the meat, give some to the priest, and eat the rest. -## translationNotes +# Worse, before -* **roast** - This means to cook over a fire. -* **boiled** - This means to cook in water. -* **raw** - AT: "uncooked" -* **despised Yahweh's offering** - Yahweh had commanded that the fat be cut off the meat and burned as an offering before giving the meat to the priest, but the priest's servant kept the fat. +"They even did something worse than that. Before" + +# they burned + +The person who actually did the burning can be made explicit. AT: "the man who was sacrificing took his sacrifice to the priests and the priests burned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Give meat to roast for the priest + +"Give me some meat so I can give it to the priest so he can roast it" + +# roast + +cook over a fire + +# boiled + +cooked in water + +# raw + +not cooked + +# despised Yahweh's offering + +The young men did not like Yahweh's instructions regarding the offering and paid no attention to them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/18.md b/1sa/02/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6d4981e368..0000000000 --- a/1sa/02/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this passage. diff --git a/1sa/02/20.md b/1sa/02/20.md index f5373eaeb9..1b0498984a 100644 --- a/1sa/02/20.md +++ b/1sa/02/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# because of the request she made of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:bless]] +Hannah had asked Yahweh for a baby and promised him that she would give the baby to serve in the temple. -## translationNotes +# before Yahweh -* **because of the request she made of Yahweh** - AT: "because she promised Yahweh that her baby Samuel would serve him in the temple." +This means where Yahweh could see him and Samuel could learn about Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/22.md b/1sa/02/22.md index bb1cd90512..5d4957647f 100644 --- a/1sa/02/22.md +++ b/1sa/02/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do you such things? -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Why do you such things?** - AT: "It is terrible that you do such things!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It is terrible that you do such things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/25.md b/1sa/02/25.md index 2f131122ce..9fa306588c 100644 --- a/1sa/02/25.md +++ b/1sa/02/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who will speak for him? -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "there is certainly no one who can speak for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# speak for him -* **who will speak for him?** - AT: "There is certainly no one who can speak for him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the voice of their father** - AT: "Their father's words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"ask Yahweh to have mercy on him" + +# the voice of their father + +Here the father's "voice" represents the father. AT: "their father" or "what their father said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/27.md b/1sa/02/27.md index a21379fbf4..86022e0bc6 100644 --- a/1sa/02/27.md +++ b/1sa/02/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# man of God -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. AT: "a man who hears and tells words from God" -## translationNotes +# Did I not reveal myself ... house? -* **man of God** - This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. -* **Did I not reveal myself** - AT: "You should know that I revealed myself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to the house of your ancestor** - "Ancestor" is usually explained as their forefather, Aaron, who began this family line ("house"). See the UDB. -* **to go up to my altar, to burn incense** - This is an offering to Yahweh. +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should know that I revealed myself ... house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the house of your ancestor + +The word "house" is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. AT: "the family of your ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your ancestor + +Aaron + +# to go up to my altar, and to burn incense + +This refers to making an offering to Yahweh. + +# to wear an ephod before me + +The words "wear an ephod" are a metonym for the work of the priests who wear the ephod. AT: "to do what I had commanded the priests to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/29.md b/1sa/02/29.md index 2ee314355c..2d5a0ce1ce 100644 --- a/1sa/02/29.md +++ b/1sa/02/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The man of God continues to speak to Eli. -## translationNotes +# Why, then, do you scorn my sacrifices ... live? -* **Why, then, do you scorn my sacrifices and offerings that I required in the place where I live?** - AT: "You scorn my sacrifices ...!" This question is a rebuke. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the place where I live** - AT: "the place where my people bring offerings to me" -* **making yourselves fat with the best of every offering** - The best part of the offering was to be burned up as an offering to Yahweh, but the priests were eating it. -* **the house of your ancestor** - See the note in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:02:27]] and how you translated it there. -* **walk before me** - This does not mean people physically walking in front of Yahweh, but that they would have a close relationship with him under his care. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Far be it from me to do this** - AT: "I will certainly not do this!" -* **lightly esteemed** - AT: "dishonored" +This rhetorical question is a rebuke. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not scorn my sacrifices ... where I live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the place where I live + +"the place where my people bring offerings to me" + +# making yourselves fat with the best of every offering + +The best part of the offering was to be burned up as an offering to Yahweh, but the priests were eating it. + +# the house of your ancestor + +The word "house" is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](./27.md). AT: "the family of your ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# should walk before me + +This is an idiom that means "live in obedience to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Far be it from me to do this + +"I will certainly not allow your family to serve me forever" + +# those who despise me will be lightly esteemed + +The words "lightly esteemed" is an ironic euphemism for "greatly despised." This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will lightly esteem those who despise me" or "I will greatly despise those who despise me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/31.md b/1sa/02/31.md index 05960e8024..491413508b 100644 --- a/1sa/02/31.md +++ b/1sa/02/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +"Listen carefully to what I am about to say" or "What I am about to say is very important" -## translationNotes +# I will cut off your strength and the strength of your father's house -* **cut off your strength** - This is another way of saying cause the family's health to decline. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **I will cause your eyes to fail,** - AT: "he will lose his eyesight over time and will become blind" +The words "cut off ... strength" are probably a euphemism for the death of strong, young men; the words "your father's house" are a metonymy for "your family." AT: "I will kill you and all strong, young male descendants in your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# be any old man + +"be any old men" or "be any men who grow old" + +# cause your eyes to fail + +"cause you to lose your eyesight" or "cause you to go blind" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/34.md b/1sa/02/34.md index d6a1e40722..0a169d73fb 100644 --- a/1sa/02/34.md +++ b/1sa/02/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will raise up ... a faithful priest -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +This is an idiom. AT: "I will cause a man to become priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# for myself -* **in my heart and in my soul** - Yahweh is telling Eli that the one he will raise up will be completely to his liking. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **I will build him a sure house** - AT: "I will ensure he always has descendants." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "to serve me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# what is in my heart and in my soul + +"what I want him to do and what I tell him to do" + +# I will build him a sure house + +Here "house" is an idiom used for "descendants." AT: "I will ensure that he always has a descendant who serves as high priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/36.md b/1sa/02/36.md index edd50ded0e..5d7e85c680 100644 --- a/1sa/02/36.md +++ b/1sa/02/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# him -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +the faithful priest whom God will raise up -## translationNotes +# so I can eat a piece of bread -* **that person** - The faithful priest in verse 35 that God will raise up. -* **so I can eat a piece of bread** - AT: "so I can have something to eat." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]])) +Here "piece of bread" is used for "food. "AT: "so I can have something to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/intro.md b/1sa/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f4cfcb120a --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# 1 Samuel 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many translations set apart quotations, prayers, or songs. 1 Samuel 2:1-10 is a song of praise to God for the birth of Samuel. It has been set apart in the ULB through the use of indentation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hannah's song of praise to God ##### + +This song is about how God protects the weak and strengthens them. He humbles the rich, provides for the poor, and defeats his enemies. + +##### Eli's Sons ##### + +Eli, the chief priest, had two sons. They were ungodly priests who continually sinned and did not honor God. Eli corrected them but they did not listen. A prophet warned Eli that God would stop his family from being priests and his sons would both die on the same day. At the same time, Samuel was growing up and serving God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +This chapter has many figures of speech because the first part of the chapter is a song and the last part of the chapter is a prophecy. Songs and prophecy tend to have many figures of speech. + +##### Synecdoches ##### + +"My heart" and "my mouth" are synecdoches referencing the speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +##### Metonymies ##### + +Body parts are often used to stand for activities involving that part of the body. "The feet of his faithful people" is a metonym meaning what they are doing or where they are going. Place names are often used for people in that place such as "the ends of the earth" meaning the people living in the ends of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +##### Metaphors ##### + +Hannah used many military metaphors: "rock," representing protection; "the bows of the mighty men are broken," representing military defeat; "the horn of his anointed," representing the power of the one that God has chosen to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +God used three rhetorical questions to correct and condemn Eli. "Did I not reveal myself to the house of your ancestor, when they were in Egypt in bondage to Pharaoh's house?" "Why then do you scorn my offerings that I required in the place where I live?" "Why do you honor your sons above me by making yourselves fat with the best of every offering of my people Israel?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/01.md b/1sa/03/01.md index bee90fadb7..0700f59be7 100644 --- a/1sa/03/01.md +++ b/1sa/03/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's word was rare -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Yahweh did not often speak to people" -## translationNotes +# The lamp of God -* **The lamp of God had not yet gone out** - "The lamp of God" is the seven-candle furnishing in the holy place of the tabernacle that burned every day and through the night until it was empty. +This is the seven-candle lampstand in the holy place of the tabernacle that burned every day and through the night until it was empty. + +# the temple of Yahweh + +The "temple" was actually a tent, but it was where the people worshiped, so it is best to translate the word as "temple" here. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/05.md b/1sa/03/05.md index 2f618de1e2..bb9c1574ee 100644 --- a/1sa/03/05.md +++ b/1sa/03/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# my son -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this passage +Eli was not Samuel's true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel's father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/07.md b/1sa/03/07.md index 561382554d..9d63903dec 100644 --- a/1sa/03/07.md +++ b/1sa/03/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# nor had any message from Yahweh ever been revealed to him -* [[en:tw:reveal]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this passage. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor had Yahweh ever revealed any message to him" or "and Yahweh had never revealed any message to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/09.md b/1sa/03/09.md index d86eef3ecc..d9df1098bc 100644 --- a/1sa/03/09.md +++ b/1sa/03/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# your servant is -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this passage. +Eli tells Samuel to speak to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person so that Samuel would show respect to Yahweh. AT: "I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/10.md b/1sa/03/10.md index 870ba0c055..80120319f1 100644 --- a/1sa/03/10.md +++ b/1sa/03/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh came and stood -* [[en:tw:israel]] +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh actually appeared and stood before Samuel or 2) Yahweh made his presence known to Samuel. -## translationNotes +# your servant is -* **the ears of everyone that hears it will shake** - Everyone will be shocked by what they hear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Samuel speaks to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person to show respect to Yahweh. AT: "I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# at which the ears of everyone who hears it will tingle + +Here "ears ... will tingle" is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. AT: "that will shock everyone who hears it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# tingle + +This means to feel like someone is gently poking with small, sharp objects, usually because of the cold or because someone has slapped that body part with their hand. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/12.md b/1sa/03/12.md index e7a86ac208..a251d2ec2b 100644 --- a/1sa/03/12.md +++ b/1sa/03/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# from beginning to end -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This is a merism for completeness. AT: "absolutely everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# brought a curse upon themselves -* **from beginning to end** - AT: "everything will certainly be done!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"did those things which Yahweh had said he would punish those who did them" + +# the sins of his house will never be atoned for by sacrifice or offering + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "there is no sacrifice or offering that anyone can offer that will atone for the sins of his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sins of his house + +"the sins that the people in his family have committed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/15.md b/1sa/03/15.md index fbfcf70779..2e521e15e9 100644 --- a/1sa/03/15.md +++ b/1sa/03/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +The "house" was actually a tent, but it would be best to translate "house" here. -## translationNotes +# my son -* There are no translation notes for this passage. +Eli was not Samuel's true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel's father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to answer him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:6](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/17.md b/1sa/03/17.md index 1dee1af79c..806e5f636c 100644 --- a/1sa/03/17.md +++ b/1sa/03/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the word he spoke -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the message Yahweh gave" -## translationNotes +# May God do so to you, and even more -* **he spoke to you?** - "He" is Yahweh. -* **May God do so to you, and even more...** - AT: "May God punish you as he said he will punish me, even more..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom to emphasize how serious Eli is. AT: "May God punish you the same way he said he will punish me, and even more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/19.md b/1sa/03/19.md index 7494288e0f..a3eb918536 100644 --- a/1sa/03/19.md +++ b/1sa/03/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he let none of his prophetic words fall to the ground -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here messages that do not come true are spoken of as if they fell to the ground. This can be stated positively. AT: "he made all the things he prophesied happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# All Israel -* **let none of his prophetic words fail to come true** - AT: "made all his prophetic words happen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **from Dan to Beersheba** - This means everyone, as the entire country was between these two areas. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"All the people in Israel" + +# from Dan to Beersheba + +This is a merism for "in every part of the land." AT: "from one end of the land to the other" or "from Dan in the very north to Beersheba in the very south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Samuel was appointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh had appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/intro.md b/1sa/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af951f73c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 1 Samuel 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God speaks to Samuel ##### + +God spoke at night to Samuel when he was a small boy, telling him that he would punish Eli's family. As Samuel grew up, God gave him many messages. People came from all over Israel to find out what God had to say. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metonymy ##### + +In order to show respect when talking to God, Samuel calls himself "your servant" when referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +##### Idioms ##### + +One characteristic of prophecy is the use of figures of speech. In this passage there are two idioms: "ears will shake," meaning "will shock everyone who hears" and "carry out," meaning "do." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +In order to be sure Samuel would tell him the whole truth, Eli used the standard formula for a curse: "may God do to you, and even more, if," meaning "God will punish severely if the person does what the curse says he will do." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/01.md b/1sa/04/01.md index 6e47c1b11d..8b5be0347d 100644 --- a/1sa/04/01.md +++ b/1sa/04/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Ebenezer ... Aphek -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Israel was defeated by the Philistines, who killed -* **Ebenezer, Aphek** - Names of places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Philistines defeated the Israelites and killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# about four thousand men + +Here the number four thousand is a round number. There may have been a few more than that or a few less than that. The word "about" shows that it is not an exact number. AT: "about 4,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/03.md b/1sa/04/03.md index 13a469f0cd..78251273e1 100644 --- a/1sa/04/03.md +++ b/1sa/04/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the people -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +the soldiers who had been fighting the battle -## translationNotes +# Why has Yahweh defeated us today before the Philistines? Let us bring ... enemies -* **who sits above the cherubim** - Although Yahweh is present everywhere, he shows himself to his people from above the statues of cherubim on top of the ark. -* **Phinehas** - This Phinehas is not the same as the grandson of Aaron in Exodus and Numbers. +The elders truly did not know why Yahweh had defeated them, but they wrongly thought they knew how to make sure it did not happen again, by bringing the ark to be with them. + +# who sits above the cherubim + +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Phinehas + +This Phinehas is not the same as the grandson of Aaron in Exodus and Numbers. + +# were there + +were in Shiloh \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/05.md b/1sa/04/05.md index e5058a716c..3ead3ae6a0 100644 --- a/1sa/04/05.md +++ b/1sa/04/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# When the ark of the covenant of Yahweh came into the camp -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] +"When the people carried the ark of the covenant of Yahweh into the camp" Some languages may need to add understood information to make the meaning clear. AT: "The people, along with Hophni and Phinehas, picked up the ark of the covenant of Yahweh and carried it into the camp. When the people carried the ark into the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the ark of Yahweh had come into the camp -* **the ark of Yahweh had come** - AT: "The ark of Yahweh had been carried by the people" +"the people had carried the ark of Yahweh into the camp" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/07.md b/1sa/04/07.md index 04b7b40cf3..964ed6c4b1 100644 --- a/1sa/04/07.md +++ b/1sa/04/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they said ... They said -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +"they said to themselves ... They said to each other" or "they said to each other ... They said to each other." The second clause clearly refers to what the Philistines said to each other. The first clause probably refers to what they thought, though it could also refer to what they said to each other. If possible, avoid stating who was spoken to. -## translationNotes +# A god has come -* **Who will protect us from the strength of this mighty God?** - AT: "There is no one who can protect us from this mighty God." This question is an expression of deep emotion. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **be men** - This is another way of saying be strong and fight. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you will become slaves to the Hebrews** - AT: "the Hebrews will make you their slaves by defeating you in battle." -* **you will become slaves** - "You" means the Philistines themselves. They are rallying themselves by addressing themselves as if they were others. +The Philistines worshiped many gods, so they probably believed that one of those gods, or one whom they did not worship, had come into the camp. Another possible meaning is that they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel: "Yahweh has come." Because 4:8 speaks of "gods," some translations read, "Gods have come," that is, "It is gods who have come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Who will protect us from the strength of these mighty gods? + +This rhetorical question is an expression of deep fear. It can be written as a statement. AT: "There is no one who can protect us from these mighty gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# these mighty gods ... the gods who attacked + +Because the word "god" (or "God") in 4:7 is singular, many translations read "this mighty god ... the god who attacked," referring to any one of many possible gods, or "this mighty God ... the God who attacked," using the proper name of the God of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# be men + +This is an idiom. AT: "be strong and fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/10.md b/1sa/04/10.md index feec0e1f17..1a94f461b3 100644 --- a/1sa/04/10.md +++ b/1sa/04/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel was defeated -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +This can be stated in active form. Also, "Israel" refers to the army of Israel. AT: "they defeated the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# The ark of God was taken -* There are no translation notes for this passage. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Philistines also took the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/12.md b/1sa/04/12.md index 5a51544abd..acff6580a4 100644 --- a/1sa/04/12.md +++ b/1sa/04/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# clothes torn and earth on his head -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] +This is a way to express deep mourning in Israelite culture. -## translationNotes +# his heart trembled with concern -* **clothes torn and earth on his head** - This is a way to express deep mourning in Israelite culture. -* **his heart trembled** - Eli was overcome by fear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is an idiom which means he was very fearful or terribly concerned about something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the whole city + +This is a metonym for "all the people in the city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/14.md b/1sa/04/14.md index 13371655dc..d41d040a87 100644 --- a/1sa/04/14.md +++ b/1sa/04/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The man - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this passage. +"The man of Benjamin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/16.md b/1sa/04/16.md index 1b78eda4d9..a287b770c1 100644 --- a/1sa/04/16.md +++ b/1sa/04/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# my son -* [[en:tw:son]] +Eli was not the other man's true father. Eli speaks as if he were the man's father to show the man that he is not angry but that the man needs to answer him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Israel fled from the Philistines -* **my son** - This is a polite form of address to a man who is younger than Eli. +This is a general statement about what happened. The rest of the man's words give details. + +# Also, there has been ... people. Also, your two sons + +"I will now tell you something worse ... I will now tell you something worse" or "Not only has there been ... people, but your two sons" + +# the ark of God has been taken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Philistines have taken the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/18.md b/1sa/04/18.md index eb032f8008..ec60ed9e68 100644 --- a/1sa/04/18.md +++ b/1sa/04/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When he mentioned -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] +"When the man of Benjamin mentioned" -## translationNotes +# mentioned -* There are no translation notes for this passage. +"spoke of" + +# His neck was broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "His neck broke because he fell" or "He broke his neck when he fell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/19.md b/1sa/04/19.md index 9435fe9c22..a941447931 100644 --- a/1sa/04/19.md +++ b/1sa/04/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# his daughter-in-law -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] +Eli's daughter-in-law -## translationNotes +# the ark of God was captured -* There are no translation notes for this passage. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Philistines had captured the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# take what they said to heart + +"pay any attention to what they said" or "allow herself to feel better" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/21.md b/1sa/04/21.md index 9ed94b841c..87827a7a2f 100644 --- a/1sa/04/21.md +++ b/1sa/04/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Ichabod -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +The name is actually a phrase that means "no glory." The name of a person sometimes reveals information about the person, place, or thing it refers to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# for the ark of God had been captured ... the ark of God has been captured -* **Ichabod** - Proper names sometimes reveal information about the person, place, or thing it refers to. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the Philistines had captured the ark of God ... because the Philistines have captured the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/intro.md b/1sa/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a51856d5f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 1 Samuel 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### The Ark of the Covenant in Philistine country ##### + +This chapter begins a new section on the Ark and the Philistines. It recounts two battles between Israel and the Philistines. In both battles, Israel was badly defeated and, in the second, the Ark was captured. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Ark is captured ##### + +The Philistine army invaded Israel, and Israel's army went to fight them but was defeated. Israel decided that if they took the Ark into the next battle, God would cause them to win. When Eli's sons took the Ark into the next battle and the Philistines won the battle, they killed Eli's two sons and captured the Ark. When Eli heard the Ark was captured, he fell over, broke his neck, and died. Hearing this news, his daughter-in-law named her baby "the glory has departed." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Question ##### + +The Philistines expressed their fear using a rhetorical question: "Who will protect us from the strength of this mighty God?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/01.md b/1sa/05/01.md index c7af8385ce..476a76d1f0 100644 --- a/1sa/05/01.md +++ b/1sa/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees, ark of the testimony, ark of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:ashdod|Ashdod, Azotus]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This word marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a word or phrase that does the same, you could use it here. -## translationNotes +# ark of God -* **house of Dagon** - The temple of Dagon, the god of the Philistines. -* **Dagon had fallen face down on the ground** - It is implied that no person moved the statue but Yahweh caused the statue to be moved to a prostrate position during the night. +See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/01.md). This is the a same as the "ark of the covenant of God" in [1 Samuel 4:3-4](../04/03.md). + +# house of Dagon + +This refers to the temple of Dagon, the god of the Philistines. + +# behold, Dagon + +"they were very surprised to see that Dagon" + +# Dagon had fallen facedown on the ground + +The reader should understand that Yahweh had caused the statue to fall on its face during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/04.md b/1sa/05/04.md index 246b069d6f..43513c1017 100644 --- a/1sa/05/04.md +++ b/1sa/05/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Dagon had fallen -* [[en:tw:priest]] +The reader should understand that Yahweh had caused Dagon to fall. -## translationNotes +# The head of Dagon and both of his hands were lying cut off -* **were lying cut off** - "cut" here implies an intentional act of removal, a cutting motion, similar to cutting a human head and hands off the body. -* **This is why, even today** - The writer is about to give some background information separate from the main story. +It was as if Yahweh were a soldier who had defeated his enemy and cut off the enemy's head and hands. + +# This is why, even today + +The writer is about to give some background information separate from the main story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# even today + +Here "today" means up to the day when the author was writing this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/06.md b/1sa/05/06.md index fcf518e533..e7feff65a1 100644 --- a/1sa/05/06.md +++ b/1sa/05/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's hand was heavy upon -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom. "Yahweh severely judged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# tumors -* **Yahweh's hand was heavy upon ** - Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh's judgment was heavy upon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) or 2) Yahweh heavily judged" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **realized** - AT: "understood" -* **ark of the God of Israel** - AT: "Ark of Yahweh" +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. + +# both Ashdod and its territories + +The name of the town is a metonym for the people living in the town. "both the people of Ashdod and the people in the land surrounding Ashdod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# realized + +"understood" + +# ark of the God of Israel + +See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/01.md). This is the a same as the "ark of the covenant of God" in [1 Samuel 4:3-4](../04/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/08.md b/1sa/05/08.md index ff267313bd..315d33c77a 100644 --- a/1sa/05/08.md +++ b/1sa/05/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's hand was against -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +This is an idiom. AT: "Yahweh punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# both small and great -* **gathered together** - AT: "talked with" -* **Yahweh's hand ** - possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh" or 2) "Yahweh's judgment" -* ** tumors broke out** - A type of sore on the skin that can lead to death. -* **both small and great** - This is another way of saying everyone. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a merism that refers to age. AT: "men of all ages" or 2) this is a merism that refers social class. AT: "from the poorest and weakest men to the richest and most powerful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# tumors + +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](./06.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/10.md b/1sa/05/10.md index 4d6c1ca9f9..bd0793bdc9 100644 --- a/1sa/05/10.md +++ b/1sa/05/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# cried out -* [[en:tw:ekron]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the Ekronites cried out** - Ekronites feared the Judgement of Israel's God knowing that this God was more powerful than their god Dagon. AT: "the Ekronites cried out in fear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Why they cried out can be stated clearly. AT: "cried out in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/11.md b/1sa/05/11.md index 36a13f4f26..35af2bfed1 100644 --- a/1sa/05/11.md +++ b/1sa/05/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the ark of the God of Israel -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/01.md). This is the a same as the "ark of the covenant of God" in [1 Samuel 4:3-4](../04/03.md). -## translationNotes +# the God of Israel -* **deathly panic** - AT: "great fear of death" -* **The men who did not die** - This implies that many men actually died. +Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, "the god of Israel." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](./06.md). + +# there was a deathly panic throughout the city + +"people all over the city were afraid that they were going to die" + +# the hand of God was very heavy there + +The hand is a metonym for God punishing the people. "Yahweh was punishing the people there very severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The men who did not die + +This implies that many men actually died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tumors + +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](./06.md). + +# the cry of the city went up to the heavens + +The word "city" is a metonym for the people of the city. Possible meanings are 1) the words "went up to the heavens" is an idiom for "was very great." AT: "the people of the city cried out very loudly" or 2) the words "the heavens" is a metonym for the people's gods. AT: "the people of the city cried out to their gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/intro.md b/1sa/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..579f9f809d --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Samuel 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of the Ark of the Covenant in Philistia continues. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Ark in the Philistine Cities ##### + +The Philistines took the Ark of God to Ashdod and put it in their idol temple, but their idol fell down in front of the Ark and the people got sick with bubonic plague. They took it to Gath next, and the people of Gath began dying of the plague. When they took the Ark to Ekron, the people of Ekron were afraid of it too and did not want it there. Finally they decided to send it back to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idioms ##### + +There are two slightly different idioms used in the same way: the "hand was heavy" and the "hand was hard." Both idioms mean "was severely punished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/01.md b/1sa/06/01.md index 7ccd13d2ee..8795c44e8d 100644 --- a/1sa/06/01.md +++ b/1sa/06/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the priests and the diviners -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These were pagan priests and diviners who worshiped Dagon. -## translationNotes +# Tell us how we should send it -* **country of the Philistines for seven months** - The Philistines maintained possession of the Ark for 7 months. -* **Then they summoned their priests and their diviners** - These would have been Dagon priests and diviners. -* **Tell us how we should send it** - The Philistines sought to rid themselves of the Ark without angering Yahweh any further. +The Philistines wanted to know how to get rid of the ark without angering Yahweh any further. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/03.md b/1sa/06/03.md index ed65e9c2db..27927408e0 100644 --- a/1sa/06/03.md +++ b/1sa/06/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the God of Israel -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, "the god of Israel." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/06.md). -## translationNotes +# by all means send him a guilt offering -* **by all means send him a guilt offering** - AT: "You must send a guilt offering!" -* **you** - The pronoun "you" is plural, referring to all of the Philistines. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **why his hand has not been lifted off of you** - AT: "why he has been making you suffer" -* **tumors** - AT: "sores caused by illness" -* **mice** - Mice are small animals often associate with carrying diseases and sicknesses. +The words "by all means" are a forceful way of saying something. AT: "you must send a guilt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will be healed + +"you will no longer be ill" + +# you + +The pronoun "you" is plural, referring to all of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# why his hand has not been lifted off of you + +Here "hand" is a metonym used to represent God's power to afflict or discipline. AT: "why he has not relieved your suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tumors + +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). + +# mice + +"more than one mouse" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/05.md b/1sa/06/05.md index 4cfb8aeb0d..669edfd8a2 100644 --- a/1sa/06/05.md +++ b/1sa/06/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# models -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +A model is something that looks like a real thing. -## translationNotes +# tumors -* **model** - a cast or image that looks like the real thing. -* **are ruining** - AT: "are destroying" -* **lift his hand from you** - "AT: "stop punishing you" -* **harden your hearts** - This means to be unwilling to obey God. -* **like the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts?** - The priests and diviners exhorted the philistines to honor Yahweh, not like Pharaoh who Yahweh ended up dealing harshly with Him and Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). + +# that ravage + +"that are destroying" + +# the God of Israel + +Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, "the god of Israel." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/06.md). + +# lift his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land + +Here "hand" is a metonym used to represent God's power to afflict or discipline. AT: "stop punishing you, your gods and your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why should you harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? + +The priests and diviners use a rhetorical question to urge the Philistines to think very seriously about what will happen if they refuse to obey God. This can be translated as a warning. AT: "Do not be stubborn like the Egyptians and Pharaoh were!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# harden your hearts + +This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. AT: "refuse to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# did not the Egyptians send away the people, and they left? + +This is another rhetorical question used to remind the Philistines how the Egyptians finally sent the Israelites out of Egypt so that God would stop afflicting the Egyptians. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "remember that the Egyptians sent the Israelites out of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/07.md b/1sa/06/07.md index ee3363b395..fc7ec803ca 100644 --- a/1sa/06/07.md +++ b/1sa/06/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# two nursing cows -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +"two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk" -## translationNotes +# Then send it off and let it go its own way -* **two nursing cows, which have never been yoked** - It is unlikely that these two cows would wander to Israel. -* **Then send it off and let it go its own way.** - The expected action would be for the two cows to head back home to their calves. -* **if it goes...to Beth Shemesh, then it is Yahweh** - It is unlikely that the cows would choose to wander to Beth Shemesh when their calves are back in the Philistine home. -* ** we will know that it happened to us by chance."** - "we will know that it just happened." +Normally the two cows would head back home to their calves. + +# if it goes ... to Beth Shemesh, then it is Yahweh + +It is unlikely that the cows would choose to wander to Beth Shemesh when their calves are back in the Philistine area. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/10.md b/1sa/06/10.md index ed92c7de3a..ad130c0012 100644 --- a/1sa/06/10.md +++ b/1sa/06/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# two nursing cows +"two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk" See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 6:7](./07.md). -## translationNotes +# mice -* **castings of their tumors** - "models of their tumors made by pouring molten metal into a form; the form can used many times." -* **The cows went straight in the direction of Beth Shemesh** - milking cows should have returned to their calves but these instead went on to Beth she mesh which was unnatural. -* **lowing as they went** - These cows were making complaining noises. These cows were wanting to return to their calves. -* **did not turn aside** - these cows were being led to a destination without any person guiding them. +Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](./03.md). + +# castings of their tumors + +"models of their tumors" + +# tumors + +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). + +# The cows went straight in the direction of Beth Shemesh + +Nursing cows would normally return to their calves, but these cows went to Beth Shemesh. + +# lowing as they went + +Lowing is the noise cows make with their voices. + +# they did not turn aside either to the right or to the left + +"they did not wander off of the highway." This can be stated positively. AT: "they stayed on the highway" or "they went straight ahead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/13.md b/1sa/06/13.md index 49bcece325..6ca8c775df 100644 --- a/1sa/06/13.md +++ b/1sa/06/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +The writer is introducing a new part of the story. If your language has a way of marking the beginning of a new part of the story, you could use it here. -## translationNotes +# people of Beth Shemesh -* **people of Beth Shemesh** - These were Jewish people. +These were Israelites. + +# lifted up their eyes + +This is an idiom. AT: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/14.md b/1sa/06/14.md index 1499f37309..7bdf422f89 100644 --- a/1sa/06/14.md +++ b/1sa/06/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A great stone was there -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The people used this stone as an altar when they offered the cows as sacrifices. -## translationNotes +# The Levites took down the ark of Yahweh -* **The Levites took down the ark of Yahweh...** - Though this was mentioned second, it actually occurred before they chopped the cart up into firewood. -* **The Levites took down the ark** - according to the Law of Moses, only the Levites were permitted to handle the ark. +This actually happened before they chopped the cart into firewood to use in offering the cows to Yahweh. + +# The Levites took down the ark + +According to the law of Moses, only the Levites were permitted to handle the ark. + +# the box that was with it, where the golden figures were + +"the box containing the gold models of the rats and the tumors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/16.md b/1sa/06/16.md index 497bb5e2d6..07d31e4703 100644 --- a/1sa/06/16.md +++ b/1sa/06/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the five rulers of the Philistines -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] - -## translationNotes - -* **five rulers of the Philistines** - "The five philistine kings" +"the five Philistine kings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/17.md b/1sa/06/17.md index 2c09eea705..fd6dabf174 100644 --- a/1sa/06/17.md +++ b/1sa/06/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# tumors -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:ashkelon]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). -## translationNotes +# mice -* **fortified cities** - These are cities with high walls around them to protect the people inside from attack by their enemies. -* **The great stone...remains a witness** - The stone is referred to as if it is a person who can see. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Joshua the Bethshemite** - "Joshua from Bethshemesh" (See: [[[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](./03.md). + +# fortified cities + +These are cities with high walls around them to protect the people inside from attack by their enemies. + +# The great stone ... remains a witness + +The stone is referred to as if it is a person who can see. AT: "The great stone ... is still there, and people remember what happened on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Joshua + +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Bethshemite + +This is what a person from Beth Shemesh is called. AT: "from Beth Shemesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to this day + +to the time at which the writer wrote the book \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/19.md b/1sa/06/19.md index 69d37a6a2a..617e022dd8 100644 --- a/1sa/06/19.md +++ b/1sa/06/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they had looked into the ark -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] +The ark was so holy that no one was permitted to look inside it. Only the priests were allowed to even see the ark. -## translationNotes +# 50,070 men -* **they had looked into his ark** - Only the priests, the line of Aaron, are permitted to look into the ark, and then it was only certain times of the year. -* **He killed seventy men** - "He killed 70 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"fifty thousand and seventy men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Who is able to stand before Yahweh, this holy God? + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses the people's fear of Yahweh. AT: "There is no one who can resist Yahweh because he is so holy!" or 2) this is a question asking for information. The phrase "stand before Yahweh" may refer to priests who serve Yahweh. It is implied that the people were looking for a priest whom Yahweh would permit to handle the ark. AT: "Is there a priest among us who serves this holy God, Yahweh, and is able to handle this ark?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# To whom will the ark go up from us? + +This is a question asking for information. It is implied that the people want Yahweh and the ark to go somewhere else so he will not punish them again. AT: "Where can we send this ark so that Yahweh will not punish us again?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/21.md b/1sa/06/21.md index fe6044bb33..3858c6d280 100644 --- a/1sa/06/21.md +++ b/1sa/06/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Kiriath Jearim -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Kiriath Jearim** - This was a town in Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This was a town in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/intro.md b/1sa/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9de11d5af9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Samuel 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter ends the story of the Ark of the Covenant among the Philistines. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Philistines send the Ark back to Israel ##### + +The Philistine leaders asked their priests what they should do with the Ark. The priests said to send it off with an offering. The Philistines put the Ark on a cart drawn by cows and let them go wherever they wanted to go. The cows went straight toward Israel. When some people peeked into the Ark, God killed them. Because of this, the people sent the Ark to Kiriath Jearim. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/01.md b/1sa/07/01.md index 3a13479c27..611e85501e 100644 --- a/1sa/07/01.md +++ b/1sa/07/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Kiriath Jearim -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Abinadab ... Eleazar -* **Kiriath Jearim…Abinadab…Eleazar** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **twenty years** - 20 years (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty years + +"20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/03.md b/1sa/07/03.md index c896f4efc9..5d13f5c591 100644 --- a/1sa/07/03.md +++ b/1sa/07/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the entire house of Israel -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the people who live in the house and their descendants. AT: "all of the descendants of Israel" or "all of the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# return to Yahweh with your whole heart -* **return to Yahweh with your whole heart** - AT: "become completely devoted to worshiping and obeying Yahweh only" +Here "with your whole heart" is an idiom that means to be completely devoted to something. AT: "become completely devoted to worshiping and obeying Yahweh only" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/05.md b/1sa/07/05.md index a2a9ff7f67..cc037992af 100644 --- a/1sa/07/05.md +++ b/1sa/07/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"all the people of Israel" or "all the Israelites" -## translationNotes +# drew water and poured it out before Yahweh -* **drew water and poured it out before Yahweh** - Possible meanings are 1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or 2) may be an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. +Possible meanings are 1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or 2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/07.md b/1sa/07/07.md index 8e22196281..0828735a95 100644 --- a/1sa/07/07.md +++ b/1sa/07/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the rulers of the Philistines attacked Israel -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +It can be stated plainly that it was the army and not the rulers by themselves who attacked Israel. AT: "the Philistine rulers led their army and attacked Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# save us from the hand of the Philistines -* **the rulers of the Philistines attacked Israel** - The writer implies that the army is present with the rulers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **save us from the hand of the Philistines** - AT: "save us from the Philistine army" +The "hand" is a metonym for the power of the person. AT: "save us from the Philistine army" or "keep the Philistine army from harming us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/09.md b/1sa/07/09.md index 965ffd3575..3b626cb761 100644 --- a/1sa/07/09.md +++ b/1sa/07/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# nursing lamb -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +a lamb that is still drinking its mother's milk -## translationNotes +# cried out -* There are no translation notes. +"cried out for help" + +# Yahweh answered him + +"Yahweh did what Samuel asked him to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/10.md b/1sa/07/10.md index 70af7717f7..fedc389474 100644 --- a/1sa/07/10.md +++ b/1sa/07/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# As Samuel ... Beth Kar -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] +This explains what the writer means by "Yahweh answered him" in ([1 Samuel 7:9](./09.md)). -## translationNotes +# threw them into confusion -* **threw them into confusion** - The Philistines became uncertain of how to win the battle. -* **they were routed before Israel** - "they were defeated before Israel" -* **pursued** - AT: "chased" +The word "confusion" here is used as a casual way of saying the Philistines were unable to think clearly. AT: "made them unable to think clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they were routed before Israel + +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh routed them before Israel" or 2) "Israel routed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# routed + +To rout people is to defeat them before they can cause any harm. + +# Beth Kar + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/12.md b/1sa/07/12.md index b3a1335bd1..5be8eac212 100644 --- a/1sa/07/12.md +++ b/1sa/07/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# took a stone and set it -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The Israelites and other peoples in that land would place a large stone where important events had happened as a reminder of God's help. -## translationNotes +# Mizpah ... Shen -* **took a stone and set it** - In Israelite culture, a stone was placed at the site of an important event as a reminder of God's help. +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/13.md b/1sa/07/13.md index fca6f8795f..d7af5cf8e6 100644 --- a/1sa/07/13.md +++ b/1sa/07/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So the Philistines were subdued -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer has just finished telling how the Philistines were subdued. If your language has a way of marking the end of a description, you could use it here. -## translationNotes +# the Philistines were subdued -* **they did not enter the border of Israel** - The Philistines did not enter Israel's border to attack them. -* **Yahweh was against the Philistines** - Whenever Israel did fight against the Philistines, they always won the battles. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh subdued the Philistines" or "Yahweh kept the Philistines from causing harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they did not enter the border of Israel + +The Philistines did not enter Israel's border to attack them. + +# The hand of Yahweh was against the Philistines + +The word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "Yahweh used his power against the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The towns ... from Israel were restored to Israel + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Here "Israel" refers to the "land" of Israel. "Yahweh restored to the land of Israel the towns ... from Israel" or 2) "Israel" is a metonym for the people who live there. AT: "the people of Israel were able to reclaim the towns ... from Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/15.md b/1sa/07/15.md index a4456f7b61..19b039108b 100644 --- a/1sa/07/15.md +++ b/1sa/07/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# went on a circuit -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethel|Bethel]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal|Gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah|Ramah]] +traveled from place to place in a rough circle -## translationNotes +# He decided disputes -* **went on a circuit** - To travel to the same places regularly. +Disputes are arguments or disagreements between two or more people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/intro.md b/1sa/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..984c67a031 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Samuel 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter completes the section on Samuel leading Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel begins to worship Yahweh again ##### + +Samuel told the people to get rid of all their idols and worship Yahweh alone. The people were obedient. When the Philistines heard the Israelites were all gathered together, the Philistines attacked, but God defeated them. There was a time of peace during which Samuel settled disputes between the people as the judges had done before. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idioms ##### + +Whenever Samuel spoke to a group of people, he used many idioms: "to turn to" means "to worship"; "with your whole heart" means "completely"; and "rescue from the hand" means "rescued from the power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/01.md b/1sa/08/01.md index 1c2d5a50af..5bf8e62cbf 100644 --- a/1sa/08/01.md +++ b/1sa/08/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# chased after dishonest gain -* [[en:tw:abijah]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joel]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The writer speaks of money that people would give Samuel's sons as if it were a person or animal running away from Samuel's sons, and he speaks of Samuel's sons as if they were physically chasing that person or animal. AT: "they worked hard to gain money by being dishonest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# perverted justice -* Samuel's sons did evil. -* **chased after dishonest gain** - they obtained money by accepting bribes. -* **perverted justice** - their decisions favored the person making the bribe. +"judged in favor of those who did evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/04.md b/1sa/08/04.md index 98f87166af..d740e64902 100644 --- a/1sa/08/04.md +++ b/1sa/08/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# do not walk in your ways -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] +The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. AT: "do not do the things you do" or "do not do what is just the way you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Appoint for us a king to judge us like all the nations -* Israel's elders are angry with the corruption -* **Appoint for us a king to judge us** - The leaders wrongly believed that a king and his sons after him would rule justly. +Possible meanings are 1) "Appoint for us a king like the kings of all the nations so that he can judge us" or 2) "Appoint for us a king who will judge us the way the kings of the nations judge them" + +# Appoint for us a king to judge us + +The leaders wrongly believed that a king, and his sons after him, would rule justly. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/06.md b/1sa/08/06.md index a96f6c6693..7fd6817f4b 100644 --- a/1sa/08/06.md +++ b/1sa/08/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But it displeased Samuel ... Give us a king to judge us -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Samuel was unhappy that the people did not just want him to remove his corrupt sons and to appoint honest judges, but they wanted a king to rule over them like other countries had. -## translationNotes +# Obey the voice of the people -* ** it displeased Samuel** - Samuel was unhappy that the people wanted a king, not just the removal of his corrupt sons and the appointment of honest judges. -* **Give us a king to judge us** - The people wanted a king, not just the appointment of honest judges. -* **Obey the voice of the people** - AT: "Do what the people say" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but they have rejected me** - Yahweh knew that the rejection was not about corrupt judges, but the rejection of Yahweh as their king. +Here "the voice" is a metonym for the will or the desire of the people. AT: "Do what the people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but they have rejected me + +Yahweh knew that the people were not just rejecting corrupt judges, but they were rejecting Yahweh as their king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/08.md b/1sa/08/08.md index ba36285101..61e125b83e 100644 --- a/1sa/08/08.md +++ b/1sa/08/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I brought them out of Egypt -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +This refers to Yahweh freeing the Israelites from slavery in Egypt many years before. -## translationNotes +# Now listen to them -* **I brought them out of Egypt** - This refers to Yahweh freeing the Israelites from slavery in Egypt many years before. -* **listen to them** - AT: "do what they ask" -* ** warn them solemnly** - To let Israel know that there are serious consequences to appointing a king over them. +"Now do what they are asking you to do" + +# warn them solemnly + +"be very serious as you warn them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/10.md b/1sa/08/10.md index a10f3a802d..49c98d8b21 100644 --- a/1sa/08/10.md +++ b/1sa/08/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This will be the practice ... He will take -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:plow]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The practice of the king will be to take. This begins the list of things he will take. -## translationNotes +# This will be the practice of the king who will reign over you -* The custom of the King is required service to him. +The abstract noun "practice" can be translated as a verb. AT: "This is how the king who will reign over you will act" or "This is what the king who will reign over you will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# appoint them to his chariots + +"have them drive chariots in battle" + +# be his horsemen + +They will ride horses into battle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/13.md b/1sa/08/13.md index dfa4021c61..141da66acc 100644 --- a/1sa/08/13.md +++ b/1sa/08/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take. -## translationNotes +# to be perfumers -* Samuel continues describing the king's forced labor practices. -* ** take your...** - This is plural "you" since Samuel is addressing many people. -* **to be perfumers** - AT: "to make of good-smelling liquids to put on one's body" -* **olive orchards** - AT: "fields of olive trees" -* **officers** - These are the leaders of the King's army. +"to make good-smelling oils to put on his body" + +# olive orchards + +"fields of olive trees" + +# a tenth of your grain + +They will have to divide their grain into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king's officers and servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# a tenth ... of your vineyards + +They will have to divide the wine that they produce in their vineyards into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king's officers and servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# officers + +These are the leaders of the king's army. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/16.md b/1sa/08/16.md index d13e3efc3c..0bb723ba65 100644 --- a/1sa/08/16.md +++ b/1sa/08/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take. -## translationNotes +# the tenth of your flocks -* Samuel continues describing the king's forced labor practices. -* ** and you will be his slaves** - There will come a time when the king will treat everyone as his slaves. -* **you will cry out** - Possible meanings are 1) the people will cry out to God regarding the king or 2) the people will cry out to the king regarding his treatment. (UDB) +They will have to divide their flocks into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king's officers and servants. See how you translated "tenth" in [1 Samuel 8:15](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# you will be his slaves + +"you will feel as if you are his slaves" + +# you will cry out + +Possible meanings are 1) the people will ask Yahweh to rescue them from the king or 2) the people will ask the king to stop treating them so badly . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/19.md b/1sa/08/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2058cbdb62..0000000000 --- a/1sa/08/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] - -## translationNotes - -* People refused to listen to Samuel diff --git a/1sa/08/21.md b/1sa/08/21.md index cdd03e3cfa..cbfecba5fb 100644 --- a/1sa/08/21.md +++ b/1sa/08/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he repeated them in the ears of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "the ears of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh. Samuel prayed to Yahweh repeating all that the people said. AT: "he repeated them to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Obey their voice -* **he repeated them in the ears of Yahweh** - Samuel prayed to Yahweh repeating all that the people said about wanting a king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Obey their voice** - AT: "obey them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **make them a king** - Appoint someone to be king. -* **go to his own city** - AT: "go home" +Here the metonym "their voice" refers to the will of the people. AT: "Obey the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cause someone to be king for them + +"make someone king over them." Use the common term in your language for making someone king. + +# go to his own city + +"go home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/intro.md b/1sa/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3874c7194b --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Samuel 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +##### Saul and Samuel ##### + +The section including chapters 8-16 begins a new part of the story. The people wanted a king, and God chose Saul, the man the people wanted, to be their king. He was not the king Yahweh wanted. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The people want a king ##### + +When Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel's warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/01.md b/1sa/09/01.md index e6db832115..dcebaff779 100644 --- a/1sa/09/01.md +++ b/1sa/09/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +If your language has a way of telling the reader that the writer is giving background information in these verses, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# a man of influence -* **a man of influence** - A man who people respected and listened to his counsel. -* **Kish, Abiel, Zeror, Becorath, Aphiah ** - These are names of the men of Saul's family line. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Benjamite** - A Benjamite is someone who belongs to the tribe of Benjamin. -* **handsome** - Someone who looks good. +Possible meanings are 1) he was a wealthy man or 2) he was a nobleman or 3) he was a mighty and brave man. + +# Kish ... Abiel ... Zeror ... Bekorath ... Aphiah + +These are names of the men of Saul's family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Benjamite + +A Benjamite is someone who belongs to the tribe of Benjamin. + +# handsome + +someone who looks good + +# From his shoulders upward he was taller than any of the people + +The other tall people in Israel did not even come up to his shoulders. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/03.md b/1sa/09/03.md index 90aad8bd16..4eb65c60e8 100644 --- a/1sa/09/03.md +++ b/1sa/09/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The writer has ended the background information ([1 Samuel 9:1-2](./01.md)) and starts a new main part of the story. -## translationNotes +# arise -* **hill country of Ephraim, land of Shalishah, land of Shaalim, and the land of the Benjamites** - These are all areas in Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"stop what you are doing" + +# the hill country of Ephraim ... the land of Shalishah ... the land of Shaalim ... the land of the Benjamites + +These are all areas in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# did not find them ... they were not there ... did not find them + +The words "them" and "they" all refer to the donkeys. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/05.md b/1sa/09/05.md index 27b92f4722..b45ec1d9cd 100644 --- a/1sa/09/05.md +++ b/1sa/09/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# land of Zuph -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This is an area in Israel just north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# man of God -* **land of Zuph** - This is a district Israel just north of Jerusalem. -* **which way we should go on our journey** - AT: "where we can find the donkeys" -* **everything that he says comes true** - This is a test of a true prophet. +This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](../02/27.md). AT: "a man who hears and tells words from God" + +# which way we should go on our journey + +"which way we should go to find the donkeys" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/07.md b/1sa/09/07.md index cedf58fb2d..062c1640de 100644 --- a/1sa/09/07.md +++ b/1sa/09/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# what can we bring the man? -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Giving a gift is a sign of respect for the man of God. -## translationNotes +# man of God -* **what can we bring the man?** - Giving a gift is a sign of respect for the man of God. +This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](../02/27.md). AT: "a man who hears and tells words from God" + +# one-fourth of a shekel + +"1/4 of a shekel." A shekel is a type of money used in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/09.md b/1sa/09/09.md index 11e0cd9538..91a9465a40 100644 --- a/1sa/09/09.md +++ b/1sa/09/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Formerly in Israel ... seer -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:manofgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +This is cultural information added by the Hebrew author. If it is not natural in your language to state this information here, it can be moved to the end of verse 11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# For today's prophet was formerly called a seer -* **(Formerly in Israel...)** - This is cultural information added by the Hebrew author. If it isn't natural state this verse first in your language, it can be moved to after v11 (UDB). -* **For today's prophet was formerly called a seer.** - AT: "Seer is the old name for what we call a prophet today." +"Seer is the old name for what we call a prophet today" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/12.md b/1sa/09/12.md index db723ef67f..a5d45dd6d0 100644 --- a/1sa/09/12.md +++ b/1sa/09/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the people are sacrificing today -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the people are sacrificing today** - These are likely the feast or first fruit sacrifices, not the sin sacrifices which must be held at the tabernacle. +These are likely the feast or first-fruit sacrifices, not the sin sacrifices, which must be held at the tabernacle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/14.md b/1sa/09/14.md index f74a77903d..bec80284e8 100644 --- a/1sa/09/14.md +++ b/1sa/09/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# to go up to the high place -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] - -## translationNotes - -* **to go up to the high place** - A place in the community designated as holy to have the sacrifices and offerings to Yahweh. +This is a place that the people had designated as holy to make sacrifices and offerings to Yahweh. The writer writes as though it were outside the wall that was around the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/15.md b/1sa/09/15.md index 4981568b30..125ae06631 100644 --- a/1sa/09/15.md +++ b/1sa/09/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer stops telling the story and gives background information so the reader can understand what happens next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# you will anoint him to be prince -* ** you will anoint him to be prince ** - This is the man God has chosen to be king of Israel. -* **the land of Benjamin** - From the land inhabited by the tribe of Benjamin. -* **from the hand** - "from the control" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **For I have looked on my people with pity** - AT: "I care about my people" +The term prince is used here instead of king. This is the man whom God has chosen to be king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the land of Benjamin + +"the land where people from the tribe of Benjamin live" + +# from the hand of the Philistines + +Here the word "hand" is a metonym for control. AT: "from the control of the Philistines" or "so the Philistines will no longer control them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For I have looked on my people with pity + +"My people are suffering and I want to help them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/17.md b/1sa/09/17.md index 1ac2a342af..b0cd2e737f 100644 --- a/1sa/09/17.md +++ b/1sa/09/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh told him -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Yahweh told Samuel" -## translationNotes +# the seer -* **Yahweh told him** - AT: "Yahweh told Samuel" -* **the seer** - AT: "prophet of Yahweh" +"the prophet of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/20.md b/1sa/09/20.md index 3caeb0a820..04d6e0c377 100644 --- a/1sa/09/20.md +++ b/1sa/09/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then on whom are all the desires of Israel set? Is it not on you and all your father's house? -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +These questions are an expression of deep conviction that Saul is the one whom Yahweh wants to be the king that the Israelites are looking for. The questions can be translated as statements. AT: "You should know that it is on you that all the desires of Israel are set. They are set on you and your father's family." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Am not I a Benjamite ... of Israel? Is not my clan ... Benjamin? Why then have you spoken to me in this manner? -* **And on whom...father's house?** - This question is an expression of deep conviction that Israel wants Saul to be king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Am not I a Benjamite...Why then have you spoken to me in this manner?** - Saul is expressing surprise because small tribes often are not honored. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Saul is expressing surprise because Benjamin was the smallest tribe in Israel, and other Israelites considered the tribe unimportant. Also, Benjamites considered the clan of which Saul was a member as unimportant. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "I am from the tribe of Benjamin, the least important of all tribes. And my clan is the least important clan in our tribe. I do not understand why you are saying that the Israelite people want me and my family to do something important." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/22.md b/1sa/09/22.md index 3b1bfee19c..7261423f8e 100644 --- a/1sa/09/22.md +++ b/1sa/09/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the hall -* [[en:tw:head]] +The writer assumes that the reader knows that near the place where they would offer sacrifices there was a large building in which people would eat together. -## translationNotes +# head place -* **head place** - AT: "seat of honor" -* **thirty** - AT: "30" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the seat of honor. + +# thirty + +"30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/23.md b/1sa/09/23.md index 9632c375db..e6d10c7a4f 100644 --- a/1sa/09/23.md +++ b/1sa/09/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# what was on it -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +Possible meanings are 1) the other food that Saul was to eat along with the meat or 2) other parts of the bull. -## translationNotes +# Then Samuel said -* **For now you can say, 'I have invited the people.'** - This is another way of saying that the meal is to honor Saul in front of the people. +In the original language it is not clear who is speaking. It is possible that the cook is speaking to Saul. AT: "Then the cook said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/25.md b/1sa/09/25.md index c4a4b1cafd..0f44360df0 100644 --- a/1sa/09/25.md +++ b/1sa/09/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# on the rooftop -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +This is a normal place for family and guests to eat, visit, and sleep. It tends to be cooler in the evening and at night than the inside of the house. -## translationNotes +# Samuel called to Saul on the rooftop and said -* **on the rooftop** - This is a normal gathering place for family and guests. It tends to be cooler in the evening than inside the house. +What Saul was doing on the rooftop can be made explicit. AT: "while Saul was sleeping on the rooftop, Samuel called to him and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/27.md b/1sa/09/27.md index cec7721f43..8300789279 100644 --- a/1sa/09/27.md +++ b/1sa/09/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# ahead of us"—and he went ahead—"but you must stay -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +It is possible that Samuel speaks all of these words. AT: "ahead of us, and when he has gone ahead, you must stay" -## translationNotes +# that I may announce the message of God to you -* **that I may announce the message of God to you.** - AT: "and I will tell you God's message for you." +"so that I can tell you God's message for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/intro.md b/1sa/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..407b0fb642 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Samuel 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Samuel chooses Saul to be their king ##### + +When the donkeys of Saul's father strayed away, Saul went looking for them. When he could not find them, he asked Samuel to ask God where they were. Samuel said the donkeys had been found. He invited Saul as the guest of honor to a feast and gave him a place to sleep for the night. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +Saul uses two rhetorical questions to convince Samuel he is not important: "Am not I a Benjamite, from the smallest of the tribes of Israel? Is not my clan the least of all the clans of the tribe of Benjamin?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/01.md b/1sa/10/01.md index 512dbbafee..48f4797d88 100644 --- a/1sa/10/01.md +++ b/1sa/10/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul's head -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In Israelite culture, when a prophet poured oil on someone's head, that person received a blessing from Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# flask -* **took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul's head** - In Israelite culture, when a prophet poured oil on someone's head, that person received a blessing from Yahweh. -* **flask** - "bottle" -* **Has not Yahweh anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance?** - AT: "Yahweh has certainly anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Zelzah** - place name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **What should I do about my son?** - Saul's father is now concerned about Saul and wants to find him. +a small container made from baked clay + +# Has not Yahweh anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance? + +Samuel knows the answer to his question. He is reminding Saul that Yahweh has chosen him to be king of Israel. AT: "Yahweh has certainly anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Zelzah + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# What should I do about my son? + +Saul's father is now concerned about Saul and wants to find him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/03.md b/1sa/10/03.md index dd8916525b..0e74f89876 100644 --- a/1sa/10/03.md +++ b/1sa/10/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Tabor -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# take from their hands -* **a skin of wine** - The people in those days would kill animals, take off some of the skins, and fill them with juice that would become wine. +The hands are a synecdoche for the person. "take from them" or "accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/05.md b/1sa/10/05.md index 3eedc8770d..ccd74a5ed9 100644 --- a/1sa/10/05.md +++ b/1sa/10/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# tambourine -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# The Spirit of Yahweh will rush upon you -* **tambourine** - a small musical instrument with metal pieces that rattle when shaken -* **rush** - AT: "come quickly" +The phrase "rush upon" means that Yahweh's Spirit will influence Saul. In this case it means it means he will make Saul prophesy and act like a different person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/07.md b/1sa/10/07.md index d4bda9b04d..494f8a3e87 100644 --- a/1sa/10/07.md +++ b/1sa/10/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# do whatever your hand finds to do -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sign)]] - -## translationNotes - -* **whatever your hand finds to do** - "whatever you need to do" so all the work gets done +Here Samuel speaks of Saul's hand as if it were a person trying to find things. AT: "do whatever you think is right to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/09.md b/1sa/10/09.md index e4965e0fbe..bfb8b49fba 100644 --- a/1sa/10/09.md +++ b/1sa/10/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# God gave him another heart -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +God enabled Samuel to think differently from the way he had thought before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the Spirit of God rushed upon him +Samuel speaks as if the Spirit of Yahweh were a person running up to Saul and taking complete control of him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:6](./05.md). AT: "the Spirit of Yahweh took complete control of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/11.md b/1sa/10/11.md index 7109c79796..115ba2608d 100644 --- a/1sa/10/11.md +++ b/1sa/10/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What has happened to the son of Kish? -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +Possible meanings are 1) the people are asking for information or 2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. AT: "Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the son of Kish -* **What has happened to the son of Kish?** - Possible meanings are 1) the people are asking for information (See UDB) or 2) AT: "Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the son of Kish** - AT: "Saul, the son of Kish" -* **And who is their father?** - "As for those whom we know to be prophets, we do not care who their fathers are, so we should not doubt that Saul is a prophet just because his father is not an important person." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is Saul also one of the prophets?** - "Even Saul has become a prophet!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Saul, the son of Kish" + +# Then who is their father? + +This man uses a rhetorical question to remind people that being a prophet has nothing to do with who one's parents are. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It does not matter who the parents of these other prophets are. What matters is that, amazingly, Saul is speaking messages from God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Because of this, it became a saying, "Is Saul also one of the prophets?" + +This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. AT: "And that is why, when people cannot believe some report, they think about what happened to Saul and say, 'Is Saul really one of the prophets?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/14.md b/1sa/10/14.md index 52e38631b8..551e6519af 100644 --- a/1sa/10/14.md +++ b/1sa/10/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Saul's uncle said to him -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Then the brother of Saul's father said to Saul" -## translationNotes +# he did not tell him about the matter of the kingdom -* **Then Saul's uncle said to him** - AT: "Then the brother of Saul's father said to Saul" -* **he did not tell him about the matter of the kingdom** - AT: "Saul did not tell his uncle that God had appointed him to be the king of Israel." +"Saul did not tell his uncle that God had appointed him to be the king of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/17.md b/1sa/10/17.md index 8f7a65bf7e..c8e6375361 100644 --- a/1sa/10/17.md +++ b/1sa/10/17.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I brought up Israel out of Egypt -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The name "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. "I brought the people of Israel out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# today -* **I brought up Israel out of Egypt** - AT: " I brought the people of Israel out of Egypt" -* **today** - AT: "now" -* **Set a king over us** - AT: "Give us a king to rule us." +"now" + +# the hand of the Egyptians ... the hand of all the kingdoms + +The word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "the power of the Egyptians ... the power of all the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Set a king over us + +"Give us a king to rule us" + +# present yourselves before Yahweh by your tribes and by your clans + +"gather together by tribes and clans and come to stand before Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/20.md b/1sa/10/20.md index 0b161fd1c6..03da05bb87 100644 --- a/1sa/10/20.md +++ b/1sa/10/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] - -## translationNotes +# the tribe of Benjamin was chosen ... the clan of the Matrites was chosen ... Saul son of Kish was chosen +This can be translated in active form. It is probably best not to say how the people knew whom Yahweh had chosen. AT: "Yahweh chose the tribe of Benjamin ... Yahweh chose the clan of the Matrites ... Yahweh chose Saul son of Kish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/22.md b/1sa/10/22.md index 99e4226ef0..12ec58946e 100644 --- a/1sa/10/22.md +++ b/1sa/10/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes +# he was taller than any of the people from his shoulders upward +The other tall people in Israel did not even come up to his shoulders. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 9:2](../09/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/24.md b/1sa/10/24.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7f206a99ad..0000000000 --- a/1sa/10/24.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk. diff --git a/1sa/10/25.md b/1sa/10/25.md index b43876905c..db4c5ad025 100644 --- a/1sa/10/25.md +++ b/1sa/10/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:send]] - -## translationNotes +# the customs and rules of kingship +The abstract noun "kingship" can be translated with a noun clause. AT: "the customs and rules that a king would be required to follow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/26.md b/1sa/10/26.md index 503d8df1fa..079f5a106a 100644 --- a/1sa/10/26.md +++ b/1sa/10/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# whose hearts God had touched -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +God touching a person's heart is an idiom that means God put something in their mind or moved them to do something. AT: "who wanted to go with Saul because God had changed their thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# How can this man save us? -* **whose hearts God had touched** - AT: "who God had blessed." (See: [[[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **How can this man save us?** - AT; "This man has no power to save us!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **despised** - AT: "strongly disliked" +This is a rhetorical question that is used to express sarcasm. AT: "This man has no power to save us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# despised + +"strongly disliked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/intro.md b/1sa/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f9b40b098c --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 1 Samuel 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the first chapter about King Saul. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Saul as the New King ##### +Samuel told Saul that God had chosen him to be king, and on the way home he would meet some prophets. Saul would then begin prophesying and God would give him the Holy Spirit to help him to know what to do. Samuel told everyone to come to Mizpah where he announced that God had chosen Saul to be their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +This chapter uses rhetorical questions to express different ideas: to state a fact ("Has not Yahweh anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance?"), to express surprise ("And who is their father?"), to say he is someone very special ("Do you see the man that Yahweh has chosen?"), and to express contempt ("How can this man save us?"). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### Idioms ##### + +Samuel frequently uses idioms when prophesying: "going to God" means "going to worship God"; "take it from their hands" means "accept their gift"; "rush upon you" means "control you"; "hand finds to do" means "what you think you should do"; "God is with you" means "God is directing you"; "another heart" means "a different way of thinking"; "came to pass" means "happened"; "before Yahweh" means "to do work for Yahweh"; and "hearts God had touched" means "God had made them want to help Saul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/01.md b/1sa/11/01.md index 3f87c9c0e4..ee97bad59c 100644 --- a/1sa/11/01.md +++ b/1sa/11/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Nahash -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +This is a man from Ammon, a descendent of Lot, Abraham's nephew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jabesh Gilead -* Some men had just refused to be loyal to Saul's leadership. -* **Nahash** - This is a man from Ammon descendent of Lot, Abraham's nephew. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jabesh Gilead** - This is the name of a place. -* **I gouge out** - "I cut out" or "I scoop out" -* **bring disgrace on** - "bring shame on" or "bring a bad reputation to" +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I gouge out + +"I cut out" or "I pluck out" + +# bring disgrace on + +"bring shame on" or "bring a bad reputation to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/03.md b/1sa/11/03.md index 6b0f82e43e..4cd46f1c88 100644 --- a/1sa/11/03.md +++ b/1sa/11/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# seven days -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:send]] - -## translationNotes - -* The people of Jabesh reply to Nahash. -* **seven days** - "7 days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/04.md b/1sa/11/04.md index 676db57655..e78af49777 100644 --- a/1sa/11/04.md +++ b/1sa/11/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Gibeah -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] - -## translationNotes - -* This is Saul's first act as king. +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/06.md b/1sa/11/06.md index 0ddbc91cd9..3f6db5daba 100644 --- a/1sa/11/06.md +++ b/1sa/11/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the Spirit of God rushed upon him -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +The phrase "rushed upon" means Yahweh's Spirit influenced Saul. In this case he enabled Saul to cause the people to fearfully respect him as their king and to join his army. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/05.md). -## translationNotes +# does not come out after -* **the Spirit of God rushed upon him** - "the Spirit of God came upon him" -* **does not come out after** - Saul was calling all the men of Israel to come fight against Nahash and the ammonites. -* **Then the terror of Yahweh fell on the people** - Yahweh enabled people to fearfully respect Saul as their king. The result was that the men rallied together with Saul at Bezek. -* **Bezek** - This is the name of a town near Jabesh Gilead. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the people of Israel were three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand** - the people of Israel were 300,000, and the men of Judah were 30,000" ( See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Saul was calling all the men of Israel to come fight against Nahash and the Ammonites. + +# Then the terror of Yahweh fell on the people + +Yahweh enabled people to fearfully respect Saul as their king. The result was that the men rallied together with Saul at Bezek. + +# Bezek + +This is the name of a town near Jabesh Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the people of Israel were three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand + +"the people of Israel were 300,000, and the men of Judah were 30,000" ( See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/09.md b/1sa/11/09.md index 2080f077c6..797d14166a 100644 --- a/1sa/11/09.md +++ b/1sa/11/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They said to the messengers +"They" refers to Samuel and Saul. -## translationNotes +# by the time the sun is hot -* **They said to the messengers** - "They" refers to Samuel and Saul. -* ** by the time the sun is hot** - AT: "before the hottest part of the day" or "before noon." -* **Jabesh Gilead...Jabesh** - See how you translated these places in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:11:01]]. -* **Nahash** - This is the name of a king. See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:11:01]]. +"before the hottest part of the day" or "before noon" + +# Jabesh Gilead ... Jabesh + +These are the names of places. See how you translated them in [1 Samuel 11:01](./01.md). + +# Nahash + +This is the name of a king. See how you translated this name in [1 Samuel 11:01](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/11.md b/1sa/11/11.md index 210b862015..91e7219bac 100644 --- a/1sa/11/11.md +++ b/1sa/11/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the morning watch -* [[en:tw:ammon]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the morning watch** - This was before dawn when most of the camp was still asleep. +This was before dawn when most people in the camp were still asleep. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/12.md b/1sa/11/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index a67457112e..0000000000 --- a/1sa/11/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no Notes in this chunk. diff --git a/1sa/11/14.md b/1sa/11/14.md index 81ac931d40..f696f5797b 100644 --- a/1sa/11/14.md +++ b/1sa/11/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# made Saul king before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal|Gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering|peace offering]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"made Saul king while Yahweh watched" -## translationNotes +# There they sacrificed peace offerings before Yahweh -* **made Saul king before Yahweh** - "made Saul king while Yahweh watched" -* **There they sacrificed peace offerings before Yahweh** - Part of Samuel's service to Yahweh is to offer sacrifices even though he is not from the line of Aaron or Levi. +Part of Samuel's service to Yahweh is to offer sacrifices even though he is not from the line of Aaron or Levi. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/intro.md b/1sa/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5bd1d6a71 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 1 Samuel 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the story of King Saul by telling of his first victory in war. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Saul rescues the people of Jabesh Gilead ##### + +Nahash, king of the Ammonites, and his army surrounded the Israeli town of Jabesh Gilead. When the city's leaders asked for peace terms, Nahash demanded the right to poke out one eye of every man in order to show Israel their weakness. When Saul heard this, he called for all of Israel to help save this city. Many people came to help Saul's army. Israel was victorious and everyone wanted Saul as their king. At this time, Israel was not a truly unified country, even though it is often spoken of as one country. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idioms ##### + +The idioms in this chapter explain the effect God has on his people: "rushed upon him" means "empowered him"; "terror ... fell" means "they became afraid"; "as one man" means "they all agreed"; and "put to death" means "kill." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/01.md b/1sa/12/01.md index f82efe8515..0256f5067f 100644 --- a/1sa/12/01.md +++ b/1sa/12/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the king walking before you ... I have walked before you -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the king walking before you…I have walked before you…** - These expressions mean that people can actually see the kind of lives Saul and Samuel are living. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These expressions mean that people can actually see the kind of lives Saul and Samuel are living. AT: "the king's life was seen ... My life was seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/03.md b/1sa/12/03.md index 38a3dc35ee..a15ffd52a6 100644 --- a/1sa/12/03.md +++ b/1sa/12/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Here I am; testify against me before Yahweh and before his anointed one -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testimony, testify]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +By this statement, Samuel is challenging the people to speak up if he has done anything wrong to anyone. AT: "I stand in front of you now. I ask you to speak in front of Yahweh and his anointed king if I have done you any wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Whose ox have I taken? Whose donkey have I taken? -* **Here I am; testify against me before Yahweh and before his anointed one** - AT: "I stand in front of you now. I ask you to speak in front of God and his anointed king if I have done you any wrong." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Whose ox have I taken? Whose donkey have I taken?** - AT:"I have never stolen a prized animal from anyone." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Whom have I defrauded? ** - AT:"I have never cheated or bribed any man." -* **Testify against me, and I will restore it to you** - AT: "If I have done any of these evil things, speak now and I will pay back what I owe. I will make right any wrong." +Samuel uses rhetorical questions to remind the people that he has never stolen their animals. AT: "I have never stolen a prized animal from anyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Whom have I defrauded? + +Samuel uses another rhetorical question to say he has always been honest. AT: "I have never cheated or bribed any man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Testify against me, and I will restore it to you + +"If I have done any of these evil things, speak now, and I will pay back what I owe. I will make right any wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/04.md b/1sa/12/04.md index 4323d6ec4e..348d90cf76 100644 --- a/1sa/12/04.md +++ b/1sa/12/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# from any man's hand ... in my hand -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **from any man’s hand… in my hand ** - These phrases mean what a person possesses or what they have done to bring favor from others. This is a polite way of saying he has not stolen nor has he given or taken bribes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +These phrases mean what a person possesses or what they have done to obtain favor from others. This is a polite way of saying he has not stolen, nor has he given or taken bribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/06.md b/1sa/12/06.md index 8776f19a1f..e916346448 100644 --- a/1sa/12/06.md +++ b/1sa/12/06.md @@ -1,22 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# all of the righteous deeds of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] - -## translationNotes - -* **all of the righteous deeds of Yahweh** - Samuel is calling their attention to the history of Yahweh's dealing with Israel, which has been filled with goodness and purpose. +Samuel is calling their attention to the history of Yahweh's dealing with Israel, which has been filled with goodness and purpose. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/08.md b/1sa/12/08.md index d79af26597..ffdcc4e2e8 100644 --- a/1sa/12/08.md +++ b/1sa/12/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# into the hand of Sisera ... Philistines ... king of Moab -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"into the power of Sisera ... Philistines ... king of Moab" -## translationNotes +# Jacob ... Moses ... Aaron ... Sisera -* **Jacob… Moses… Aaron… Sisera… Hazor… ** - These are the names of men. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **he sold them** - This is an expression for God giving them over to their enemies to be their slaves. -* **into the hand of Sisera... Philistines... king of Moab ** - "into the power of Sisera... Philistines... king of Moab" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hazor + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he sold them + +This is an expression for God giving them over to their enemies to be their slaves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/10.md b/1sa/12/10.md index d6de311c88..275430b96a 100644 --- a/1sa/12/10.md +++ b/1sa/12/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They cried out to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"They" refers to the nation of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Jerub Baal -* **They cried out to Yahweh** - The word "they" here refers to the nation of Israel. -* **have served the Baals and the Ashtoreths** - AT: "have worshipped false gods and goddesses" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* ** the hand of our enemies** - "the power or control of our enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2: translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Jerub Baal** - This is sometimes translated Jerubbaal. This is a name of godly honor and strength to fight the false god. -* **Yahweh sent... and gave you victory** - Samuel is telling the story of what God did after the people's confession of sin and plea for help. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Jerub Baal, Bedan, Jephthah, and Samuel** - These are the names of some judges that God raised up. Samuel included himself in this list. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is sometimes translated Jerubbaal. This is a name of godly honor and strength to fight the false god. + +# Yahweh sent ... and gave you victory + +Samuel is telling the story of what God did after the people's confession of sin and plea for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jerub Baal, Bedan, Jephthah, and Samuel + +These are the names of some judges that God raised up. Samuel included himself in this list. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# have served the Baals and the Ashtoreths + +Serving here is referring to acting worshipful towards the false gods. AT: "have worshiped false gods and goddesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hand of our enemies + +This statement is using "hand" to refer to power. AT: "the power or control of our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/12.md b/1sa/12/12.md index 227e79e264..968b43eff2 100644 --- a/1sa/12/12.md +++ b/1sa/12/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# No! Instead, a king must reign over us -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This statement shows the nation of Israel's strong reaction against Samuel when he told them about trusting God because God delivered them in the past. -## translationNotes +# whom you have chosen, whom you have asked for -* Samuel continues to rebuke the nation of Israel. -* **No! Instead, a king must reign over us** - This phrase shows the nation of Israel's strong reaction against Samuel when he told them about trusting God because God delivered them in the past. -* **whom you have chosen, whom you have asked for** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that this is the king whom the people wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/14.md b/1sa/12/14.md index d3f4b27088..9d9d72c7e1 100644 --- a/1sa/12/14.md +++ b/1sa/12/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# fear ... serve ... obey ... not rebel -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These similar words are used to emphasize how important this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh's hand will be against you, as it was against your ancestors -* **fear... serve... obey... not rebel...** - These similar words are used to emphasize how important this is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Yahweh's hand will be against you, as it was against your ancestors.** - The word "hand" here represents Yahweh's power and control. AT: "Yahweh will punish you, just as he punished your ancestors." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as his "hand" being against them. The word "hand" here represents Yahweh's power and control. AT: "Yahweh will punish you, just as he punished your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/16.md b/1sa/12/16.md index b951d593d8..79cd12038b 100644 --- a/1sa/12/16.md +++ b/1sa/12/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# before your eyes -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "eyes" here represents the people of the nation of Israel. AT: "out in the open where all of the nation of Israel may see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Is it not the wheat harvest today? -* **before your eyes** - The word "eyes" here represents the people of the nation of Israel. AT: "out in the open where all of the nation of Israel may see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Is it not the wheat harvest today?** - Harvest time normally comes at the start of the dry season. AT:"it is the time of the harvest and no rainstorms are present during this time." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **he may send thunder and rain** - Rain is not good during the harvest. The grains need to be kept dry so that they do not rot in storage during the winter months. -* **the people greatly feared Yahweh** - Israel is relearning what it means to fear Yahweh. A lesson that was not past down from one generation to the next. +Samuel knows it is harvest time. He is using a rhetorical question to emphasize that it does not usually rain at this time so the people will know that the rain that will ruin their harvest is a judgment from Yahweh. AT: "It is harvest time and does not usually rain at this time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he may send thunder and rain + +Samuel is asking Yahweh to punish Israel for asking for a king by sending a rainstorm during the harvest which will ruin the grain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/19.md b/1sa/12/19.md index ddfd3874b2..8ef930ec05 100644 --- a/1sa/12/19.md +++ b/1sa/12/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# so that we do not die -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The ultimate punishment for sin is death. The nation of Israel had seen Yahweh destroy the nations that had oppressed them. They were concerned that they had become "dedicated for destruction" like those nations. -## translationNotes +# Do not be afraid -* **so that we do not die** - The ultimate punishment for sin is death. The nation of Israel had seen Yahweh destroy the nations that had oppressed them. They were concerned that they had become "dedicated for destruction" like those nations. -* **Do not be afraid.** - AT: "Do not fear God's destruction and wrath because of this sin." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **turn away after empty things** - AT: "to pursue worship of false gods." +The people did evil and were afraid of God destroying them. AT: "Do not be afraid that God will be angry and destroy you because of this sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# turn away after empty things + +"pursue worship of false gods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/22.md b/1sa/12/22.md index f7d09c3a3f..8d688a5cb9 100644 --- a/1sa/12/22.md +++ b/1sa/12/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# For the sake of his great name -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "name" refers to the reputation of Yahweh. AT: "So that people will continue to honor and respect Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# far be it from me that I should sin against Yahweh by ceasing to pray for you -* **For the sake of his great name** - Here "name" refers to the reputation of Yahweh. "So that honor and respect for Yahweh will continue" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **far be it from me that I should sin against Yahweh by ceasing to pray for you.** - The people are filled with fear because of the rain and thunder that Yahweh sent when Samuel prayed. Some may believe Samuel would use his prayers to harm them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The people are filled with fear because of the rain and thunder that Yahweh sent when Samuel prayed. Some people may believe Samuel would use his prayers to harm them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/24.md b/1sa/12/24.md deleted file mode 100644 index dac7adf36c..0000000000 --- a/1sa/12/24.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:true]] - -## translationNotes - -* No translation notes in this chunk. diff --git a/1sa/12/intro.md b/1sa/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ecc9d45778 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Samuel 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Samuel's farewell address ##### +This chapter serves as a type of farewell address. This is a way for leaders to give instructions to their followers before they leave or die. Samuel first established his holiness before calling on the people to repent of their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +It is common in Scripture to use Israel's history to show how faithful God has been. This gives the readers evidence to trust in Yahweh in their current situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/01.md b/1sa/13/01.md index 767ee01679..b4f965493e 100644 --- a/1sa/13/01.md +++ b/1sa/13/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Samuel has renewed Saul's kingdom at Gilgal and Samuel has reminded the people to follow the Lord. -## translationNotes +# Saul was thirty years old ... over Israel -* Samuel has renewed Saul's kingdom at Gilgal and Samuel has reminded the people to follow the Lord. -* **The rest of the soldiers he sent home** - "He sent the rest of the soldiers home" -* **chose three thousand men** - "chose 3,000 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Two thousand were with him in Michmash** - "2,000 were with him in Mishmash" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gibeah of Benjamin** - See how you translated "Gibeah" in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:10:26]] +The text of this verse in ancient copies seems to have been mutilated, so modern versions have many different translations. They are all attempts to represent the most probable meaning of the original text. + +# chose three thousand men + +"chose 3,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Two thousand were with him + +"2,000 men were with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Michmash + +name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gibeah of Benjamin + +Gibeah is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md). + +# The rest of the soldiers he sent home + +"He sent the rest of the soldiers home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/03.md b/1sa/13/03.md index b1319b7dc4..0db77e5bcb 100644 --- a/1sa/13/03.md +++ b/1sa/13/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# garrison of the Philistines -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +"military base of the Philistines" or "military camp of the Philistines" -## translationNotes +# Geba -* **garrison of the Philistines** - AT: "military base of the Philistines" or "military camp of the Philistines" -* **Geba** - The name of the town that the Philistine garrison was stationed in. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **All Israel heard that Saul had defeated** - Possible meanings are that 1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan's actions or 2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan's actions. -* **rotten smell** - The nation of Israel is compared to a "rotten smell." AT: "offensive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the soldiers were summoned together to join Saul at Gilgal** - "Saul called the soldiers together to join him at Gilgal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is the name of the town that the Philistine garrison was stationed in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All Israel heard that Saul had defeated + +Possible meanings are that 1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan's actions or 2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan's actions. + +# Israel had become a rotten smell to the Philistines + +The Philistines hating the Israelites is spoken of as if the Israelites had become a bad smell that offended the Philistines. AT: "the Philistines hated the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the soldiers were summoned together to join Saul at Gilgal + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Saul called the soldiers together to join him at Gilgal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/05.md b/1sa/13/05.md index 7ae44e5d47..aff4598f73 100644 --- a/1sa/13/05.md +++ b/1sa/13/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# three thousand ... six thousand -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] +"3,000 ... 6,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# troops as numerous as the sand on the seashore -* **three thousand chariots** - some versions read "30,000 chariots" but this seems to be a problem in the Hebrew text that has not been resolved. -* **three thousand and six thousand** - 3,000 and 6,000 (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **troops as numerous as the sand on the seashore** - A group of soldiers so large that it was difficult to count them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Michmash** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Beth Aven** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is an exaggeration that means a group of soldiers so large that it was difficult to count them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Michmash + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Beth Aven + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/06.md b/1sa/13/06.md index 87d0e0df4d..18b594abf3 100644 --- a/1sa/13/06.md +++ b/1sa/13/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +The Philistines had gathered together to fight against Israel. -## translationNotes +# the people -* The Philistines had gathered together to fight against Israel. -* **the people** - this phrase refers to the nation of Israel. -* **the people were distressed** - AT: "the people worried greatly". -* **land of Gad and Gilead** - See how you translated "Gilead" in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:07:15]]. -* **followed him trembling** - The people were greatly afraid. +This phrase refers to the nation of Israel. + +# the people were distressed + +"the people worried greatly" + +# followed him trembling + +The people were greatly afraid. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/08.md b/1sa/13/08.md index f061798868..35b39f951f 100644 --- a/1sa/13/08.md +++ b/1sa/13/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the time Samuel had set -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] +"according to the time Samuel had told them he would come" -## translationNotes +# the people were scattering from Saul -* **the time Samuel had set** - AT: "according to the time Samuel had told them he would come" -* **the people were scattering from Saul** - AT: "the people had started to leave Saul" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Then he offered the burnt offering** - Only the line of Aaron was permitted to perform the burnt offering sacrifice to God. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people had started to leave Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then he offered the burnt offering + +Only the line of Aaron was permitted to perform the burnt offering sacrifice to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/11.md b/1sa/13/11.md index dc529ebd8c..1598ed2740 100644 --- a/1sa/13/11.md +++ b/1sa/13/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# What have you done -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Samuel was not really asking a question, but giving a rebuke to Saul. Saul sought to defend his actions even though they were wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Michmash -* **What have you done** - Samuel was not really asking a question, but a rebuke to Saul, but Saul sought to defend his actions even though they were wrong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Michmash** - See how you translated "Michmash" in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:13:01]]. +Michmash is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:02](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/13.md b/1sa/13/13.md index 2cbe01e123..21e1f8e759 100644 --- a/1sa/13/13.md +++ b/1sa/13/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You have not kept the command of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Saul was to wait for Samuel to come and sacrifice the burnt offering to God. He was not to perform the sacrifice himself. -## translationNotes +# established your rule -* Saul told Samuel why he had acted wrongfully as priest and given the offering. -* **You have not kept the command of Yahweh** - Saul was to wait for Samuel to come and sacrifice the burn offering to God. Not perform the sacrifice himself. -* **established your rule** - "set up your rule" or "authorized your rule" or "appointed your rule" -* **a man after his own heart** - This phrase means "will follow his command," it uses "heart" to represent the desire or will of Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"set up your rule" or "authorized your rule" or "appointed your rule" + +# your rule will not continue + +This is a litotes that can be stated in the positive form. AT: "your rule will end soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# a man after his own heart + +Here "heart" represents Yahweh's desire or will. The phrase "man after his own heart" is an idiom that means to be a person who does what Yahweh desires. AT: "a man who is the kind of person he wants" or "a man who will obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/15.md b/1sa/13/15.md index 5e30287222..994f410da3 100644 --- a/1sa/13/15.md +++ b/1sa/13/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Samuel arose and went up -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +This is an idiom for "Samuel left and went up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# went up from Gilgal -* **Samuel arose and went up** - This is an expression for "Samuel left and went up to..." (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **went up from Gilgal ** - See how you translated "Gilgal" in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:07:15]]. -* **Gibeah of Benjamin** - See how you translated "Gibeah" in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:10:26]] -* **six hundred men** - "600 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Geba of Benjamin** - See how you translated "Geba" is in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:13:03]]. -* **Philistines camped at Michmash** - See how you translated "Michmash" in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:13:01]]. +Gilgal is a city. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md). + +# Gibeah of Benjamin + +Gibeah is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md). + +# six hundred men + +"600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Geba of Benjamin + +Geba is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:03](./03.md). + +# Philistines camped at Michmash + +Michmash is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:02](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/17.md b/1sa/13/17.md index e82c393af6..c0619a1a5b 100644 --- a/1sa/13/17.md +++ b/1sa/13/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Raiders came -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +Raiders are normally military people who attack enemy villages for their food and other supplies. -## translationNotes +# Ophrah, to the land of Shual ... Beth Horon ... Valley of Zeboyim -* **Raiders came** - Raiders are normally army people who attack enemy villages for their food and other supplies. -* **Ophrah, to the land of Shual...Bethhoron...valley of Zeboim** - These are the names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]].) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/19.md b/1sa/13/19.md index 06328a8f66..8417fbaa83 100644 --- a/1sa/13/19.md +++ b/1sa/13/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The narrative shifts to background information regarding blacksmiths in Israel. -## translationNotes +# No blacksmith could be found -* The narrative shifts to background information regarding blacksmiths in Israel. -* **No blacksmith could be found** - "No one could find a blacksmith" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **blacksmith** - "blacksmith" refers to someone who made or sharpened metal tools and weapons. -* **sharpen his plow points** - The words "plow points" refers to the point of a metal tool used for digging up the ground for planting crops. -* **their mattock, axe, and sickle** - A "mattox" is broad-bladed axe, with a horizontal blade that is used for breaking up hard soil. These are common garden tools. -* **sickle** - A curved blade for cutting grasses and grain stalks -* **two thirds of a shekel** - The shekel is divided into 3 parts, 2 of 3 parts are given. "2/3 of a shekel" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **straightening the metal tip of an ox goads** - AT: "take out the bend and made the goad straight again so it could be used" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one could find a blacksmith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blacksmith + +Here "blacksmith" refers to someone who made or sharpened metal tools and weapons. + +# sharpen his plow points + +The words "plow points" refer to the point of a metal tool used for digging up the ground for planting crops. + +# mattock ... ax ... sickle + +These are common garden tools. + +# mattock + +A "mattock" is a broad-bladed axe, with a horizontal blade that is used for breaking up hard soil. + +# sickle + +a curved blade for cutting grasses and grain stalks + +# two-thirds of a shekel + +The shekel is divided into 3 parts, 2 of 3 parts are given. "2/3 of a shekel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# straightening the goads + +"taking out the bend and making the ox goad straight again so it could be used" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/22.md b/1sa/13/22.md index cf73f53956..6c94572fe7 100644 --- a/1sa/13/22.md +++ b/1sa/13/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:saul]] +The narrative continues. -## translationNotes +# there were no swords or spears -* The narrative continues. -* **there were no swords or spears** - This explains in part why Saul's army was afraid. They did not have any weapons to fight. +This explains in part why Saul's army was afraid. They did not have any weapons to fight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/intro.md b/1sa/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..31caa24a80 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Samuel 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the beginning of a story about Jonathan's victory over the Philistines. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Preparation for the battle ##### + +Saul sent most of his army home before Jonathan attacked and defeated a Philistine garrison. This attack made the Philistines very angry, and they brought a huge army into Israel and camped at the top of a hill. Most of Saul's army ran away in fear and hid from the Philistines. There are many aspects of this story that give the reader the impression that Israel was unprepared for battle. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Hyperbole ##### + +Wanting to express the vast number of enemy soldiers, the author uses a hyperbole: "as numerous as the sand on the seashore," meaning "too many to count." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/01.md b/1sa/14/01.md index 2344fb85fd..9648a6fcff 100644 --- a/1sa/14/01.md +++ b/1sa/14/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Jonathan begins his second raid on the Philistines' army. -## translationNotes +# his young armor bearer -* Jonathan begins his second raid on the Philistine's army. -* **Philistines’ garrison** - This is an outpost staffed by the Philistine army. +a teenage boy who is responsible for caring for his master's weapons of war + +# Philistines' garrison + +This is an outpost staffed by the Philistine army. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/02.md b/1sa/14/02.md index dd6830ec87..39a364dc34 100644 --- a/1sa/14/02.md +++ b/1sa/14/02.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Gibeah -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of a hill north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# under the pomegranate tree -* **Gibeah** - This is the name of a hill north of Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **under the pomegranate tree** - A tree whose fruit is thick skinned, round, red and has many seeds to eat. -* **that is in Migron** - "Migron" is the name of a place north of Jerusalem. -* **six hundred men were with him** - "600 men were with him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother** - "Ahitub" is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ichabod** - "Ichabod" is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Phinehas, the son of Eli** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:01:03]]. +a tree whose fruit is thick skinned, round, red and has many seeds to eat + +# that is in Migron + +"Migron" is the name of a place north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# six hundred men were with him + +"600 men were with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# son of Ahitub (Ichabod's brother) + +"Ahitub" and "Ichabod" are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Phinehas son of Eli + +Phinehas was one of the priests. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:03](../01/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/04.md b/1sa/14/04.md index 8ce48ef958..d1ba35b697 100644 --- a/1sa/14/04.md +++ b/1sa/14/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# One rocky cliff was called Bozez +A "cliff" is a rocky height with a steep drop. The cliff was well-known and given the name "Bozez." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the other rocky cliff was called Seneh -* **Between the passes, by which Jonathan intended to cross over** - AT: "Jonathan planned to go between the two cliffs" -* **one cliff was Bozez** - The word "cliff" refers to a rocky height with a steep drop. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the other was Seneh** - a name of a cliff. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in front of Michmash** - "Michmash" was a town north of Jerusalem. -* **in front of Geba** - "Geba" was a town north of Jerusalem. +This was the name of the other cliff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Michmash + +"Michmash" was a town north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Geba + +"Geba" was a town north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/06.md b/1sa/14/06.md index d0bb4e2382..f4be6fa467 100644 --- a/1sa/14/06.md +++ b/1sa/14/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# his young armor bearer -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This was a teenage boy who was responsible for caring for his master's weapons of war. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 14:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# uncircumcised fellows -* **his young armor bearer** - a teenage boy who is responsible for caring for his master's weapons of war. -* **uncircumcised fellows** - a derrogatory term used for non-Jewish men. -* **work on our behalf** - "work for our support" or "help us" +a derogatory term used for non-Jewish men + +# work on our behalf + +"work for our support" or "help us" + +# nothing can stop Yahweh from saving + +This double negative can be stated in positive form. AT: "Yahweh can save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# by many or by few people + +These extremes also include everything in between. AT: "by any number of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# everything that is in your heart + +Here "heart" refers to Jonathan's desires. AT: "everything that you desire to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/08.md b/1sa/14/08.md index c16f3b8c54..a3ac8264bd 100644 --- a/1sa/14/08.md +++ b/1sa/14/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# will not cross over to them -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +"will not go over to the other side of the valley where the Philistines are" -## translationNotes +# has given them into our hand -* **cross over to the men** - The Philistines are on the other side of the valley from Jonathan and his armor bearer. -* **given them into our hand** - AT: "The Lord will enable us to defeat them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **This will be the sign to us** - AT "This will be confirmation that the Lord will be with us. +Here "hand" refers to the power to defeat them. AT: "will enable us to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This will be the sign to us + +"This will confirm that the Lord will be with us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/11.md b/1sa/14/11.md index 35c3368bda..9ed5cdfb84 100644 --- a/1sa/14/11.md +++ b/1sa/14/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# revealed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +"allowed the Philistine soldiers to see them" -## translationNotes +# the garrison -* **the hand of Israel** - Into the control of Israel. +the army camp + +# coming out of the holes where they have hidden themselves + +The Philistines implied that the Hebrews had been hiding in holes in the ground like animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we will show you something + +This is an idiom that means "we will teach you a lesson." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# has given them into the hand of Israel + +Here "hand" refers to power to defeat the Philistines. AT: "will enable Israel to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/13.md b/1sa/14/13.md index b58dea6b5a..e6238faf36 100644 --- a/1sa/14/13.md +++ b/1sa/14/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jonathan climbed up on his hands and feet -* [[en:tw:death]] +He did this because it was very steep. This could be made explicit. AT: "So Jonathan climbed up, using his hands and his feet because it was very steep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# The Philistines were put to death before Jonathan -* **The Philistines were put to death before Jonathan** - AT: "Jonathan killed the Philistines" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his armor bearer put some to death behind him** - Jonathan's armor bearer followed behind Jonathan and also killed Philistine soldiers. -* **killed about twenty men in about half a furrow’s length in an acre of land** - This phrase shows that Jonathan killed the men quickly one directly following the next. -* **furrow's** - A "furrow" is about one half of an acre. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jonathan killed the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his armor bearer put some to death behind him + +"Jonathan's armor bearer followed him and also killed Philistine soldiers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/15.md b/1sa/14/15.md index 8138683d50..0cac1035a4 100644 --- a/1sa/14/15.md +++ b/1sa/14/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# There was a panic in the camp, in the field, and among the people -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +The abstract noun "panic" can be translated as a verb or as an adjective. AT: "The Philistine soldiers in the camp and in the field, and all the people with them, panicked" or "The Philistine soldiers in the camp and in the field, and all the people with them, became very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the raiders -* **There was a panic** - "There was extreme fear" +the Philistines who were raiding Israelite cities + +# The earth quaked + +It may be helpful to state the cause. AT: "God caused the ground to shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/16.md b/1sa/14/16.md index 2251308b4d..f46b51e961 100644 --- a/1sa/14/16.md +++ b/1sa/14/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Gibeah -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +This was the town where Saul was born. Translated "Gibeah" as in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# was dispersing ... going here and there -* **watchmen** - Here the term refers to men who were watching to see if enemies were coming. -* **Gibeah** - See how you translated "Gibeah" in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:10:26]]. -* **was dispersing...going here and there** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the soldiers were running away in every direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/18.md b/1sa/14/18.md index 44d5d97168..0327348a9a 100644 --- a/1sa/14/18.md +++ b/1sa/14/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Bring the ark of God here -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +A few versions have "ephod" here instead of "ark of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -## translationNotes +# commotion -* **commotion** - "great noise and confusion" -* **Remove your hand** - The word "hand" here represents action by the priest. AT: "Stop what you are doing." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"great noise and confusion" + +# Withdraw your hand + +This seems to be an idiom the means "Stop what you are doing." Saul did not want Ahijah to continue to use the ark to ask God for direction. AT: "Do not bring the sacred chest at this time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/20.md b/1sa/14/20.md index 5a21c3285f..5f875f108f 100644 --- a/1sa/14/20.md +++ b/1sa/14/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the people who were with him -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +the remnant of the Israelite army that remained with Saul -## translationNotes +# Every Philistine's sword was against his fellow countrymen -* **the people who were with him** - the remnant of the Israelite army that remained with Saul. +The swords are spoken of as if they were living people. AT: "The Philistine soldiers were striking each other with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/22.md b/1sa/14/22.md index 6b47217e2e..cb5720ddb1 100644 --- a/1sa/14/22.md +++ b/1sa/14/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the men of Israel who had hidden themselves in the hills -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This does not refer to an ambush. These soldiers were hiding because they were afraid of the Philistines. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "the Israelite soldiers who were afraid and had hidden themselves in the hills" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Beth Aven -* **Beth Aven** - This is a place in Israel. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:13:05]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a place in Israel. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:05](../13/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/24.md b/1sa/14/24.md index 871da3da5c..2fe478bbed 100644 --- a/1sa/14/24.md +++ b/1sa/14/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So none of the troops tasted food -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +It was understood by the troops that no refreshment was permitted under Saul's oath. -## translationNotes +# the people entered the forest -* ** So none of the troops tasted food** - It was understood by the troops that no refreshment was permitted under Saul's oath. -* **no one put his hand to his mouth** - AT: "no one ate." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The Philistine soldiers fled through the forests and the Israelite soldiers followed them there. + +# the honey flowed + +This is an exaggeration to emphasize how much honey there was in the forest. AT: "there was a lot of honey everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# no one put his hand to his mouth + +Here putting one's "hand to his mouth" is a metonymy that means to eat. AT: "no one ate any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the people feared the oath + +The people were not afraid of the oath, but of the punishment that was associated with breaking the oath. AT: "the people were afraid of what Saul would do to them if they broke his oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/27.md b/1sa/14/27.md index 5e7b98731a..a7dc29bf1e 100644 --- a/1sa/14/27.md +++ b/1sa/14/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +Jonathan learns of his father's oath. -## translationNotes +# bound the people with an oath -* Jonathan learns of his father's oath. -* **his eyes brightened** - This phrase means that strength was regained. AT: "his strength returned. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the obligation to obey an oath is spoken of as if the people were bound with ropes. AT: "commanded that the people obey his oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He raised his hand to his mouth + +Here "hand to his mouth" is a metonymy that means to eat. AT: "He ate some honey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his eyes brightened + +This idiom means that he was strengthened. AT: "he regained his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/29.md b/1sa/14/29.md index 0af5f92ef5..8cc237e57b 100644 --- a/1sa/14/29.md +++ b/1sa/14/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# for the land -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +This is a metonymy that represents the nation of Israel. AT: "for Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# my eyes have become brightened -* **the land** - This represents the nation of Israel. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **plunder** - This word refers to the things the people had taken from the battle with their enemy. -* **Because now the slaughter has not been great** - Because the troops were not able to refresh themselves during the battle, as the day progressed, they became weaker unable to press their advantage. +This idiom means that he was strengthened. AT: "I regained my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# How much better if the people ... that they found? + +Jonathan uses this hypothetical question to state that the people should have been allowed to eat. This can be a statement. AT: "Our victory would have been better if the people had eaten freely today of the plunder that they took from their enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# plunder + +This word refers to the things the people had taken from the battle with their enemy. + +# Because now the slaughter has not been great + +Because the troops were not able to eat during the battle, as the day progressed, they became weaker. Because of this, they were not able to kill as many of the Philistines. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/31.md b/1sa/14/31.md index 2816f4930b..3d43ddb5fa 100644 --- a/1sa/14/31.md +++ b/1sa/14/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Jonathan's words lead the army to sin against God in their great hunger. -## translationNotes +# Michmash -* Jonathan's words lead the army to sin against God in their great hunger. -* **Michmash** - See how you translated the name of this town in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:13:01]]. -* **Aijalon** - "Aijalon" is a place in Zebulun in Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The people** - This refers to the nation of Israel. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **ate them with the blood** - The were so hungry they didn't drain the blood first before eating. This is a violation of the Law which was given to Moses for the nation of Israel. AT: "killed and ate with no preparation." +This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:02](../13/01.md). + +# Aijalon + +"Aijalon" is a place in Zebulun in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The people + +This refers to the Israelites. + +# ate them with the blood + +The were so hungry they did not drain the blood first before eating. This was a violation of the Law which was given to Moses for the nation of Israel. This can be made explicit. AT: "ate them without draining the blood first as required by the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/33.md b/1sa/14/33.md index 5bda1b1c96..5b62433532 100644 --- a/1sa/14/33.md +++ b/1sa/14/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# by eating with the blood -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This was a violation of the Law which was given to Moses for the nation of Israel. This can be made explicit. AT: "by eating meat without draining the blood first as required by the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# You have acted unfaithfully -* **You have acted unfaithfully** - Saul is accusing his whole army of acting unfaithfully though it was not everyone. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **'Let every man...kill them here, and eat** - Saul sought to stop the offense and gain back control of the army since most everyone had stopped fighting due to hunger and it being late in the day. +Saul is accusing his whole army of acting unfaithfully though this is a generalization because not every soldier acted unfaithfully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Now, roll a big stone here to me + +The stone would hold the animals up and make it easier to drain the blood from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# kill them here, and eat + +This would allow Saul to observe if the blood was properly drained from the animals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/35.md b/1sa/14/35.md index bbcd4c33bc..5a8f0281e5 100644 --- a/1sa/14/35.md +++ b/1sa/14/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +Saul had told the people to bring their animals to a big stone to kill and eat. -## translationNotes +# Saul built an altar to Yahweh -* Saul had told the people to bring their animals to a big stone to kill and eat. -* **Saul built an altar to Yahweh** - This was evidently different than the event that took place in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:13:08]] for here God did not rebuke Saul. +It is unclear if Saul built this altar with the large stone that the people brought to him in [1 Samuel 14:33](./33.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/36.md b/1sa/14/36.md index 59ec6b5e39..befa1cf9c0 100644 --- a/1sa/14/36.md +++ b/1sa/14/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Saul seeks to continue the fight against the Philistines. -## translationNotes +# let us not leave one of them alive -* Saul seeks to continue the fight against the Philistines. -* **Do whatever seems good to you** - Saul had the support of his army to continue the fight. -* **But God did not answer him that day** - Saul did not have the support of God. +This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the slaughter. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "let us kill every one of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Do whatever seems good to you + +Saul had the support of his army to continue the fight. + +# Let us approach God here + +Here "approaching God" is associated with asking him counsel. AT: "Let us ask God what we should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# give them into the hand of Israel + +Here "hand" refers to the power to defeat them. AT: "enable us to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But God did not answer him that day + +This implies that God was not willing to help Saul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/38.md b/1sa/14/38.md index c5d2e32b08..50e824677e 100644 --- a/1sa/14/38.md +++ b/1sa/14/38.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the people -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +This refers to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# learn and see how this sin has happened -* **learn and see how this sin has happened** - AT: "find who sinned" -* **the people** - This refers to the nation of Israel. -* **But none of the men among all the people answered him** - most people except the King knew that it was Jonathan who caused the army to sin. +"find who sinned" + +# even if it is in Jonathan my son, he will surely die + +Saul stated this as a hypothetical situation because he did not believe that Jonathan was guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# But none of the men among all the people answered him + +The people remained silent because most of them knew that Jonathan had broken Saul's oath. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "His men knew who was guilty, but none of them said anything to Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/40.md b/1sa/14/40.md index 5e0abfdaa6..5f57a1bc1c 100644 --- a/1sa/14/40.md +++ b/1sa/14/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he said to all Israel -* [[en:tw:lots]] +This was a generalization since only the Israelite soldiers were present. AT: "Then he said to the Israelite soldiers who were there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# give the Thummim -* **show the Thummim** - Special stones used to determine God's divine intervention. A type of divination that is acceptable to God. +The Israelites at that time used special stones called the Urim and the Thummim to receive direction from God. AT: "Show us by means of the Thummim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Thummim + +This is a borrowed word from the original language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# Jonathan and Saul were taken by lot, but the army was exonerated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The lots indicated that either Jonathan or Saul was guilty, but the army was not guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then Jonathan was taken by lot + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then the lot indicated that Jonathan was guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/43.md b/1sa/14/43.md index 486a84506d..979921cc0f 100644 --- a/1sa/14/43.md +++ b/1sa/14/43.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +The lots had just showed that Jonathan had sinned. -## translationNotes +# Tell me what you have done -* The lots had just showed that Jonathan had sinned. -* **God do so and more also to me, if you do not die, Jonathan** - Saul makes a second foolish oath in less than one day. +"Tell me how you have sinned" or "Tell me what you have done that was wrong" + +# I will die + +Possible meanings are 1) "I am willing to die" or 2) "do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?" + +# God do so and more also to me, if you do not die, Jonathan + +Saul makes a second foolish oath in less than one day. AT: "May God kill me if I do not kill you, Jonathan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/45.md b/1sa/14/45.md index d7abb45dca..68d842e1bc 100644 --- a/1sa/14/45.md +++ b/1sa/14/45.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The Army defends and protects Jonathan from Saul. -## translationNotes +# Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it! -* The Army defends and protects Jonathan from Saul. -* ** "Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it!** - The people scold Saul. AT: "Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **As Yahweh lives** - The people were expressing their certainty that they would not let anything happen to Jonathan. -* **not one hair of his head will fall to the ground** - This exaggeration show how the people of Israel would protect Jonathan and keep him safe. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The people scold Saul. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# As Yahweh lives + +The people were expressing their certainty that they would not let anything happen to Jonathan. + +# not one hair of his head will fall to the ground + +This exaggeration shows how the people of Israel would protect Jonathan and keep him safe. This litotes can be stated in a positive form. AT: "we will protect him from any harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/47.md b/1sa/14/47.md index 7d0747d9e7..083174e4d0 100644 --- a/1sa/14/47.md +++ b/1sa/14/47.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +For a brief period Saul served with great courage in defeating Israel's enemies. -## translationNotes +# Israel -* For a brief period Saul served with great courage in defeating Israel's enemies. -* ** Israel** - This represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **from the hand of them ** - The word "hand" represents control. AT: "out of the control" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is a metonymy that represents the people of Israel. AT: "the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Moab + +This refers to the people of Moab. AT: "the Moabites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Edom + +This refers to the people of Edom. AT: "the Edomites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Wherever he turned + +"Wherever he sent his army" + +# out of the hands + +The word "hand" represents control. AT: "out of the control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/49.md b/1sa/14/49.md index d90eccbe49..cf44dece0e 100644 --- a/1sa/14/49.md +++ b/1sa/14/49.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +This is background information on Saul's family. -## translationNotes +# Ishvi ... Malki-Shua -* Background information on Saul's family. -* **Ishvi... Malchishua** - These are male names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Merab... Michal** - These are female names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ahinoam... Ahimaz** - These are female names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Abner... Ner... Kish... Abiel** - These are male names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Merab ... Michal + +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ahinoam ... Ahimaaz + +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abner ... Ner ... Kish ... Abiel + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/52.md b/1sa/14/52.md index 272fe0f1fc..eee95810fc 100644 --- a/1sa/14/52.md +++ b/1sa/14/52.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all the days of Saul -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +"all of Saul's life" -## translationNotes +# he attached him to himself -* **all the days of Saul** - AT: "all of Saul's life." +"he forced him to join his army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/intro.md b/1sa/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9eb043a127 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Samuel 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter completes the story of Jonathan's victory over the Philistines. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The battle against the Philistines ##### + +Jonathan took his armor bearer to where the Philistines were on the top of the hill. He said God could use a few people just as easily as he could use many people to win his battles. He and his armor bearer started killing the Philistines, and suddenly the Philistines began fighting each other or running away. The rest of Israel, who had hidden, came and chased the Philistines. Even though Israel had a king, God was still in control of the nation of Israel. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Special reference ##### + +The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to mean the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/01.md b/1sa/15/01.md index dc4ec3b689..a1624b8683 100644 --- a/1sa/15/01.md +++ b/1sa/15/01.md @@ -1,36 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the words of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite|Amalek, Amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:camel|camel]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:samuel|Samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"the message of Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# completely destroy all that they have ... kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey -* **Now go and attack Amalek and completely destroy all that they have. Do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase gives specific details about what they are to destroy completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Do not spare them + +This negative statement emphasizes the completeness of the destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/04.md b/1sa/15/04.md index d1db9aa9fe..1d58470f6c 100644 --- a/1sa/15/04.md +++ b/1sa/15/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the people -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +"the army" -## translationNotes +# numbered them -* **numbered them** - AT:"counted them" -* **city of Telem** - a city in southern Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **two hundred thousand men on foot, and ten thousand men of Judah.** - 200,000 men on foot, 10,000 men of Judah. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"counted them" + +# city of Telaim + +a city in southern Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# two hundred thousand men on foot, and ten thousand men of Judah + +"200,000 men on foot, and 10,000 men of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/06.md b/1sa/15/06.md index da0f935438..bb778f25ec 100644 --- a/1sa/15/06.md +++ b/1sa/15/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Kenites -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +a nomad people group that had always been friendly to the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Havilah ... Shur -* **Kenites** - A nomad people group that had always been friendly to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Havilah... Shur** - These are the names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/08.md b/1sa/15/08.md index 630e915bef..9d8e4606d7 100644 --- a/1sa/15/08.md +++ b/1sa/15/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Yahweh had told Saul to destroy everything, but here Saul disobeys Yahweh's command. -## translationNotes +# he took Agag -* Saul ignores the ban on spoils on places Yahweh designated for total destruction. -* **the edge of the sword** - The phrase, "the edge of the sword," here represents the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Saul...spared Agag** - Saul disobeyed God by letting Agag live. -* **as well as the best of the sheep...** - Saul disobeyed God by keeping the best of the livestock. +Here Saul represents himself accompanied by his army. AT: "Saul and his army took Agag" or "Saul and his army captured Agag" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he completely destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword + +The "edge of the sword" represents the swords and other weapons that soldiers used in battle. Here Saul represents himself accompanied by his army. AT: "they completely destroyed all of the people with their swords" or "they killed all of the people with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Saul ... spared Agag + +Saul disobeyed God by letting Agag live. + +# as well as the best of the sheep + +Saul disobeyed God by keeping the best of the livestock. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/10.md b/1sa/15/10.md index 1735678197..3ca34edbe0 100644 --- a/1sa/15/10.md +++ b/1sa/15/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to Samuel, saying, -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Samuel. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Samuel:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# It grieves me -* **word of Yahweh came to Samuel** - The phrase "word of Yahweh" means that God is speaking through Samuel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **has not performed my commandments** - Saul was to completely destroy everything and everyone. God had placed a ban on the Amalekites. But Saul permitted some livestock to live. +"I am sorry" + +# he has turned back from following me + +Saul not obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if Saul had physically turned away from walking behind God. AT: "he has stopped following me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has not performed my commandments + +"has not obeyed what I commanded him to do." Saul was to completely destroy everything and everyone. God had placed a ban on the Amalekites. But Saul permitted some livestock to live. + +# Samuel was angry + +Possible meanings are 1) Samuel was angry with Saul for his disobedience or 2) Samuel was disturbed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/12.md b/1sa/15/12.md index eb82992a8a..66a5341d61 100644 --- a/1sa/15/12.md +++ b/1sa/15/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Samuel was told -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] +"Someone told Samuel" -## translationNotes +# he set up a monument to himself -* **he set up a monument to himself** - Saul was full of pride. -* **I have fulfilled the command of Yahweh** - Saul failed to understand God's commands about the ban on nations slated for destruction by Yahweh. +Saul was full of pride. + +# down to Gilgal + +Gilgal was lower in elevation than Carmel. + +# I have fulfilled the command of Yahweh + +It is not clear if Saul understood that he had not fully obeyed God's command to completely destroy the Amalekites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/14.md b/1sa/15/14.md index ca4c93bace..ce7c81834f 100644 --- a/1sa/15/14.md +++ b/1sa/15/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Samuel questions why Saul did not utterly destroyed the Amalekites. -## translationNotes +# bleating of sheep ... lowing of the oxen -* Samuel questions why Saul did not utterly destroyed the Amalekites. -* **They have brought... the people spared** - The word "they" and the phrase "the people" here both represent Saul's army. -* **Yahweh your God** - Saul did not embrace Samuel's God as his God. +These are the sounds that these animals make. Your language may have different terms for these. + +# in my ears ... that I hear + +These two phrases mean the same thing. Here "in my ears" refers to hearing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They have brought ... the people spared + +The word "they" and the phrase "the people" here both represent Saul's army. Saul is blaming the people rather than himself. + +# to sacrifice to Yahweh your God + +Saul is arguing that animals for sacrifice were an exception to Yahweh's command to destroy everything. + +# Yahweh your God + +Saul here does not describe Samuel's God as his own God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/17.md b/1sa/15/17.md index 954a9082b7..fd71eb7774 100644 --- a/1sa/15/17.md +++ b/1sa/15/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# in your own sight -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your own opinion" or "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel? -* **were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel?** - Saul knows that God made him king, this question is used for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why then did you not obey the voice of Yahweh, but instead you seized the booty and did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh?** - This questions is asked to rebuke Saul for disobeying Yahweh. -* **but instead you seized the booty** - The Law of Moses specifically states when God instructs Israel to completely destroy a nation, nothing is to be kept. It is all marked for destruction as a burnt offering to God. Nothing was to be kept or brought back to camp. +Samuel uses this question to remind Saul of now much God had given him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh made you the ruler of the tribes of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why did you not obey ... Yahweh? + +Samuel asks this question to rebuke Saul for disobeying Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should have obeyed ... Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the voice of Yahweh + +Here "voice" refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. AT: "the things that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but instead you seized the booty + +Samuel is accusing Saul of direct disobedience. Yahweh commanded Saul to completely destroy everything belonging to the Amalekites, and not to bring anything back to camp. + +# the booty + +"the plunder" or "the possessions you took from the enemy" + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +Here "sight" refers to Yahweh's thoughts or opinion. AT: "what Yahweh considers to be evil" or "what is evil in Yahweh's judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/20.md b/1sa/15/20.md index 232b63b14f..1a4151f20b 100644 --- a/1sa/15/20.md +++ b/1sa/15/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I have indeed obeyed the voice of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +This is an emphatic statement. It is unclear if Saul thought this was true, or if he was simply making excuses for his sin. -## translationNotes +# the voice of Yahweh -* **obeyed the voice of Yahweh** - Saul thought he obeyed the command of Yahweh which Samuel had relayed to him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Agag** - This is the name of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gilgal** - This is the name of a place. +Here "voice" refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. AT: "the things that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Agag + +This is the name of the king of the Amalekites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# But the people took + +This appears to be shifting the blame to the people. + +# things devoted to destruction + +"animals that Yahweh commanded them to destroy" + +# Gilgal + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/22.md b/1sa/15/22.md index 8328789b5f..49f2aed229 100644 --- a/1sa/15/22.md +++ b/1sa/15/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh? -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] +Samuel asks this question to emphasize that obedience is much more important than sacrifice. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh does not delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying his voice!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the voice of Yahweh -* **Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh?** - This question emphasizes that Yahweh's character always puts obedience in front of sacrifices after disobedience. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **as in obeying the voice of Yahweh** - Here the phrase "the voice of Yahweh" is representing the authority of Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Obedience is better than sacrifice** - God wanted Saul's complete obedience in the destruction of the Amalekites. Nothing in the land was fit for sacrifice. +Here "voice" refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. AT: "the things that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Obedience is better than sacrifice + +God wanted Saul's complete obedience in the destruction of the Amalekites. Nothing in the land was fit for sacrifice. + +# better than the fat of rams + +"better than to sacrifice the fat of rams as a burnt offering" + +# rebellion is like the sin of divination + +The abstract noun "rebellion" can be translated with a verb. AT: "to rebel is as sinful as practicing divination" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# stubbornness is like wickedness and iniquity + +The abstract noun "stubbornness" can be translated with a verb and the abstract noun "wickedness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "being stubborn is as bad as doing wicked things and practicing iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the word of Yahweh + +"Yahweh's message" or "Yahweh's command" + +# rejected you from being king + +"decided that you will no longer be king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/24.md b/1sa/15/24.md index ad156c1acf..8cb39b81da 100644 --- a/1sa/15/24.md +++ b/1sa/15/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I have broken Yahweh's commandment -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This is an idiom that means he had disobeyed the commandment. AT: "I have disobeyed what Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# because I was afraid of the people -* **I was afraid of the people and obeyed their voice** - Saul put pleasing his army over obedience to God. AT: "I was afraid of the army's wishes so I followed them" +This is the reason Saul gives for not obeying God. AT: "because I was afraid of the soldiers" + +# obeyed their voice + +Here "voice" refers to what the soldiers asked Saul to do. AT: "did what they asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# return with me + +Saul and Samuel were apparently talking in private away from the other people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/26.md b/1sa/15/26.md index f29db3fcbb..6c4ad2dd29 100644 --- a/1sa/15/26.md +++ b/1sa/15/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for you have rejected the word of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Samuel made it clear that Saul understood that he was disobeying God at the time when he spared the best animals and did not kill Agag. -## translationNotes +# rejected the word of Yahweh -* **for you have rejected the word of Yahweh** - Samuel made it clear that Saul understood that he was disobeying God at the time he did not kill Agag and kept the best animals. -* **the hem of his robe** - or "the edge of his robe" or "the fringe of his robe" +"rejected Yahweh's command" or "rejected Yahweh's message." This means that he refused to obey Yahweh's command. AT: "refused to obey Yahweh's command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Saul took hold of the hem of his robe + +Saul did this to try to stop Samuel from leaving. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Saul tried to stop him by grabbing the edge of Samuel's robe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the hem of his robe + +"the edge of his robe" or "the fringe of his robe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/28.md b/1sa/15/28.md index fa6c85ef72..c77417a05a 100644 --- a/1sa/15/28.md +++ b/1sa/15/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +This refers back to when Saul tore Samuel's robe in [1 Samuel 15:27](./26.md). This can be made explicit. AT: "Just as you tore my robe, Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# has given it to a neighbor of yours, one who is better than you -* **Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel ** - This refers back to the tearing of the robe in the previous chunk.AT: "Just as Saul tore the robe, Yahweh has torn the kingdom." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **from you today and has given it to a neighbor of yours** - God has already decided who should be the next king. -* **the Strength of Israel** - This phrase refers to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +God had already decided who would be the next king after Saul. + +# the Strength of Israel + +Here Yahweh is referred to as "the Strength of Israel" because he gives strength to the Israelites. AT: "Yahweh, who is the strength of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not lie nor change his mind + +This is stated as a negative to emphasize that God tells the truth. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will always tell the truth and do what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# his mind + +This refers to his thoughts and decisions. AT: "what he has decided to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he is not a man, that he should change his mind + +This is stated as a negative to emphasize that God is trustworthy. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "he is God, and will do what he says he will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/30.md b/1sa/15/30.md index a9b08bf60a..48fcef256e 100644 --- a/1sa/15/30.md +++ b/1sa/15/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# But please honor me now before the elders -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Saul may have been more interested in being honored by the people than in actually worshipping God. -## translationNotes +# before the elders of my people and before Israel -* **But please honor me now before the elders** - Saul was only interested in the appearance of being right with God. Not with actual repentance. -* **Turn again with me** - AT: "come back with me" or "return with me." +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "before the people of Israel and the elders who lead them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Turn again with me + +"Come back with me" or "Return with me" + +# So Samuel turned again after Saul + +This implies that Samuel changed his mind, and that they went together to where the people were. AT: "So Samuel finally agreed to do that, and they went together back to where the people were" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/32.md b/1sa/15/32.md index ff7806dd7d..6156f9c085 100644 --- a/1sa/15/32.md +++ b/1sa/15/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Agag came to him confined with chains and said -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"They brought Agag to him bound by chains and Agag said" -## translationNotes +# Surely the bitterness of death has past -* **Bring Agag...to me.** - Samuel is having to do Saul's job of executing Agag. -* **As your sword has made women childless, so shall your mother be childless among women.** - Both of these phrase have similar meaning and are combined here for emphasis. AT: "Since you have killed people, you will also die." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This idiom appears to mean that Agag no longer thought he would be killed. AT: "Surely I am no longer in danger or dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# As your sword has made women childless, so shall your mother be childless among women + +Both of these phrases have similar meaning and may be intended to be in poetic form. AT: "Since you have killed people, you will also be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# made women childless, so shall your mother be childless + +This is a polite way of referring to killing people. AT: "killed the sons of other women, so shall I kill your mother's son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Then Samuel chopped Agag to pieces + +Samuel is the one who completed this task that Yahweh commanded Saul to do. AT: "Then Samuel cut Agag into pieces with his sword" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/34.md b/1sa/15/34.md index b737f30faf..a36a908594 100644 --- a/1sa/15/34.md +++ b/1sa/15/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Ramah ... Gibeah -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# went up to his house at Gibeah -* **Ramah... Gibeah** - These are the names of places. See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names ]] -* **his house at Gibeah of Saul** - "his house" and "Gibeah of Saul" both refer to where Saul lives. AT: "His house at Gibeah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Gibeah was higher in elevation than Gilgal where Saul and Samuel had been talking. + +# Samuel did not see Saul until the day of his death + +This statement is very precise and should be translated carefully. Samuel died before Saul and did not see Saul again while he lived. However, Samuel did appear to Saul in [1 Samuel 28:11-19](../28/11.md) after Samuel died. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/intro.md b/1sa/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a99c3f11a --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 1 Samuel 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the section on Saul and Samuel (8-15). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God wants total obedience ##### +Samuel told Saul that God wanted him to completely destroy the Amalekite people and animals. Saul fought the Amalekites and killed all the people except the king. He destroyed the animals that were not very good but saved the best animals. Saul told Samuel he had obeyed God's command. Samuel asked him about the animals Saul had. Saul said he had saved them for a sacrifice to God. God said that obedience was better than sacrifice. Because Saul had disobeyed him, God had chosen someone else to become king. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### +"He has turned back from following me" is an idiom meaning "he has stopped obeying me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +When Saul insisted that he had obeyed God, Samuel rebuked him with these rhetorical questions: "What then is this bleating of sheep in my ears, and the lowing of the oxen that I hear?"; "Though you are little in your own sight, were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel?"; "Why then did you not obey the voice of Yahweh, but instead you seized the booty and did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh?"; and "Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/01.md b/1sa/16/01.md index 5a5dd5b9c4..33cd7545af 100644 --- a/1sa/16/01.md +++ b/1sa/16/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel? -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This rhetorical question is a rebuke from God and can be translated as a statement. AT: "Stop mourning that I rejected Saul from being king over Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Fill your horn with oil -* **How long will you mourn for Saul...king over Israel?** - AT: "Stop mourning for Saul...king over Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The term "horn" was sometimes used to refer to a "flask" that was shaped like a horn and was used for holding water or oil. A flask of oil was used for anointing a king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/02.md b/1sa/16/02.md index c3c673876d..f9d64dd021 100644 --- a/1sa/16/02.md +++ b/1sa/16/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# How can I go? -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:heifer]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Samuel uses a question to emphasize that he is worried about going to Bethlehem. AT: "I cannot go!" or "I am afraid to go." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# with you and say -* **How can I go?** - AT: "I can't go!" or "I am afraid to go." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +You can state the understood information. AT: "with you to Bethlehem and say to the people there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# say, 'I have come to sacrifice to Yahweh.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "say to the people there that you have come to sacrifice to Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/04.md b/1sa/16/04.md index cb2ebfcf5a..8e7681de58 100644 --- a/1sa/16/04.md +++ b/1sa/16/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The elders of the city were trembling as they came to meet him -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It seems the elders were trembling because they were worried that Samuel came to rebuke them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# In peace -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "Yes, I have come in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to set ... apart + +To set someone apart means to get that person ready for Yahweh's purposes by making sure that person is ritually clean according to the law of Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/06.md b/1sa/16/06.md index 9852b481a2..200e1785c6 100644 --- a/1sa/16/06.md +++ b/1sa/16/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When they came -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "they" refers to Jesse and his sons. -## translationNotes +# he looked at Eliab -* **When they came** - Here the word "they" refers to Jesse and his sons. -* **he looked at Eliab** - Here the word "he" refers to Samuel. -* **For Yahweh does not see...Yahweh looks** - AT: "For I, Yahweh, do not see...I, Yahweh, look" +Here "he" refers to Samuel. + +# Eliab + +This is the name of Jesse's oldest son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# standing before him + +Here "him" refers to Yahweh. + +# Yahweh does not see as man sees + +Here "see" means to evaluate something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For Yahweh does not see ... Yahweh looks + +Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "For I, Yahweh, do not see ... I, Yahweh, look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# on the heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/08.md b/1sa/16/08.md index 252e7ee1e3..3f32a95bf5 100644 --- a/1sa/16/08.md +++ b/1sa/16/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Abinadab ... Shammah -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are names of Jesse's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# made him pass before Samuel -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +"told him to go to Samuel" + +# Jesse then made Shammah pass by + +It is understood that Shammah passed by Samuel. AT: "Jesse then made Shammah pass before Samuel" or "Jesse then told Shammah to go to Samuel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/11.md b/1sa/16/11.md index 1e4d71418e..b11bf59546 100644 --- a/1sa/16/11.md +++ b/1sa/16/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# There remains yet the youngest -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"There is still my youngest son" -## translationNotes +# we will not sit down -* **There remains yet the youngest** - "There is still one more, the youngest" +It is understood that they were waiting to sit down and eat. AT: "we will not sit down to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Now ... appearance + +The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells about a new person in the story. + +# this son was ruddy + +The word "ruddy" means David was healthy looking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/13.md b/1sa/16/13.md index d77cda5b53..46362610fa 100644 --- a/1sa/16/13.md +++ b/1sa/16/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the horn of oil -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The term "horn" was sometimes used to refer to a "flask" that was shaped like a horn and was used for holding water or oil. A flask of oil was used for anointing a king. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 16:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# Samuel rose up and went -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +It is implied that he rose up after they sat down to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The Spirit of Yahweh rushed on David + +The phrase "rushed on" means Yahweh's Spirit influenced David. In this case it means he enabled David to fulfill whatever Yahweh wanted him to do. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/14.md b/1sa/16/14.md index 94450084fd..f2f80d8c49 100644 --- a/1sa/16/14.md +++ b/1sa/16/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# harmful spirit -* **a harmful spirit from Yahweh** - Here, the words "harmful spirit" may refer to either "a spirit that causes trouble" or "an evil spirit." -* **servants who are before** - AT: "servants who attend you" +This may refer to either a "spirit that causes trouble" or an "evil spirit." + +# Let our master now command + +The servants refer to Saul in the third person as "our master." AT: "We ask that you, our master, command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# command your servants who are before you to look + +The servants refer to themselves in the third person as "your servants." AT: "command us, your servants who attend to you, to look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# is on you + +"troubles you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/17.md b/1sa/16/17.md index d2064850eb..cc55b5af9b 100644 --- a/1sa/16/17.md +++ b/1sa/16/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a strong, courageous man -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) "a great warrior" or 2) "a very brave man." -## translationNotes +# one prudent in speech -* **a strong, courageous man** - Possible meanings are 1) “a great warrior” or 2) “a very brave man”. +"one wise in speech" or "one who speaks wisely" + +# Yahweh is with him + +Here "with him" means Yahweh helps and blesses David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/20.md b/1sa/16/20.md index 99af635956..318c49535f 100644 --- a/1sa/16/20.md +++ b/1sa/16/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# David came to Saul -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## translationNotes +# entered his service -* **he became his armor bearer** - Here the word "he" refers to David and "his" refers to Saul. AT: "David became Saul's armor bearer" +The abstract noun "service" can be stated as a verb. AT: "began to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he became his armor bearer + +"David became Saul's armor bearer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/22.md b/1sa/16/22.md index 693c4056f7..26c790a9ac 100644 --- a/1sa/16/22.md +++ b/1sa/16/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Let David stand before me -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +Here "stand before me" is an idiom that means to continue in Saul's service. AT: "Let David stay in my service" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he has found favor in my eyes -* **Let David stand before me** - AT: "Let David stay in my service" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **harmful spirit from God** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:16:14]]. -* **Saul would be refreshed and well** - AT: "the music would refresh Saul and make him well" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and "my sight" represents how Saul judges or evaluates David. AT: "he has found favor in my judgment" or "I am pleased with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# harmful spirit + +Here "harmful spirit" may refer to either a "spirit that causes trouble" or an "evil spirit." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:14](./14.md). + +# was upon Saul + +"troubled Saul" + +# Saul would be refreshed and well + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the music would refresh Saul and make him well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/intro.md b/1sa/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0a578f3f8f --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 1 Samuel 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### 1 Samuel 16-31 Saul and David ##### +Chapter 16 establishes God's choice of David to be the next king. David receives the Holy Spirit to empower and guide him as the king. This chapter also records the Holy Spirit leaving Saul because of his disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David chosen to be the next king ##### +Humans judge others by what they look like, but God judges people by their true inner character. God rejected David's older brothers in favor of David, who truly loved and obeyed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +==Rhetorical Question == +God scolds Samuel with this rhetorical question for his unwillingness to accept God's decision: "How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel?" It was wrong to mourn because it was God's punishment of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/01.md b/1sa/17/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index ee6ffdf386..0000000000 --- a/1sa/17/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. diff --git a/1sa/17/02.md b/1sa/17/02.md index 9654065f86..0bff195dcf 100644 --- a/1sa/17/02.md +++ b/1sa/17/02.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the Valley of Elah -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/04.md b/1sa/17/04.md index e5b31c84f8..959b93f0fa 100644 --- a/1sa/17/04.md +++ b/1sa/17/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# six cubits and a span -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:goliath]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +A cubit is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. A span is a unit of measurement equal to about 23 centimeters. AT: "about 3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# he was armed with a coat of chainmail -* **six cubits and a span** - A cubit is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. A span is a unit of measurement equal to about 23 centimeters. AT: "about 3 meters" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **he was armed with a coat of chainmail** - A "coat of chainmail" is a flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates. AT: "he wore a coat of chainmail" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **five thousand shekels** - A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 55 kilograms" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +A "coat of chainmail" is a flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he protected himself by wearing a coat of chainmail" or "he wore a coat of chainmail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# five thousand shekels + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 55 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/06.md b/1sa/17/06.md index 471f0a1217..77d09044ce 100644 --- a/1sa/17/06.md +++ b/1sa/17/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a javelin of bronze -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +A "javelin" is a small spear that is meant to be thrown. -## translationNotes +# staff of his spear -* **staff of his spear** - "the handle of his spear" -* **loop of cord** - "rope rolled up into a cirlce" -* **six hundred shekels of iron** - A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: “about 7 kilograms” (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +"the handle of his spear" + +# loop of cord + +"rope rolled up into a circle" + +# His spear's head + +"The point of his spear" + +# six hundred shekels of iron + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 7 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/08.md b/1sa/17/08.md index efc5144f3d..2fd19f1ea4 100644 --- a/1sa/17/08.md +++ b/1sa/17/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Why have you come out to draw up for battle? -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"Why have you come to fight in battle against us?" Goliath uses this question to mock the Israelites. AT: "You are fools if you think you can fight in battle against us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Am not I a Philistine, and are you not servants of Saul? -* ** "Am not I a Philistine, and are you not servants of Saul? ** - "I am a great Philistine, and you are merely servants of Saul. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Goliath uses this question to mock the Israelites. When he says that he is a Philistine, he is implying that he is strong. AT: "I am a great Philistine, and you are merely servants of Saul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/10.md b/1sa/17/10.md index 0d50ec1efe..c30d6ff13a 100644 --- a/1sa/17/10.md +++ b/1sa/17/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I challenge the ranks of Israel -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +"I challenge the army of Israel" -## translationNotes +# all Israel -* **I challenge the ranks of Israel** - This is an insulting boast that challenges any soldier in the army of Israel to battle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they were discouraged and greatly afraid** - The words "discouraged" and "greatly afraid" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This refers to the Israelite soldiers who were there. + +# they were discouraged and greatly afraid + +The words "discouraged" and "greatly afraid" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/12.md b/1sa/17/12.md index 9b1c606fb5..41d06966b9 100644 --- a/1sa/17/12.md +++ b/1sa/17/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He had eight sons -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +"He" refers to Jesse. -## translationNotes +# Jesse was an old man ... very old among men -* **He had eight sons** - Here the word "He" refers to Jesse. -* **Jesse was an old man...advanced in years among men** - The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **second to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah** - This phrase shows birth order. AT: "Abinadab the second born, and Shammah the third born" +The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# second to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah + +"Abinadab the second born, and Shammah the third born." This phrase shows birth order. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/14.md b/1sa/17/14.md index 7626de7841..155aebb82a 100644 --- a/1sa/17/14.md +++ b/1sa/17/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The three oldest -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +The implied information is that these are the sons of Jesse. AT: "The three oldest sons of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# For forty days -* **The three oldest** - AT: "The three oldest sons of Jesse" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **For forty days** - "For 40 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"For 40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to present himself for battle + +"to show that he was ready to fight" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/17.md b/1sa/17/17.md index fbba7ad8c9..eccf3c30a8 100644 --- a/1sa/17/17.md +++ b/1sa/17/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# ephah -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] +An ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# the captain of their thousand -* **ephah** - An ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **the captain of their thousand** - The commander of the section of the army that David's brothers were in. +"the captain of your brothers' thousand." Possible meanings are 1) the word "thousand" represents the exact amount of soldiers that this captain led. AT: "the captain of your brothers' unit of 1,000 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "thousand" does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. AT: "the captain of your brothers' military division" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# See how your brothers are doing + +"Check and find out how your brothers are doing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/19.md b/1sa/17/19.md index acd4c25aa6..fa4da26823 100644 --- a/1sa/17/19.md +++ b/1sa/17/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all the men of Israel -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +"all the soldiers of Israel" -## translationNotes +# the Valley of Elah -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +This is the name of a place. See how you translated it in [1 Samuel 17:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/22.md b/1sa/17/22.md index 2a2b8a7279..c175150562 100644 --- a/1sa/17/22.md +++ b/1sa/17/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Goliath by name -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:goliath]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"whose name was Goliath" -## translationNotes +# came out of the ranks of the Philistines -* **Goliath by name** - "whose name was Goliath" -* **came out of the ranks of the Philistines** - "stepped forward from the Philistines' battle line" +"stepped forward from the Philistines' battle line" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/25.md b/1sa/17/25.md index c07676f945..81f68d69c8 100644 --- a/1sa/17/25.md +++ b/1sa/17/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Have you seen this man who has come up? -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:tax]] +The soldiers were saying this to draw one another's attention to the man Goliath. AT: "Look at this man who has come up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# The king -* **"Have you seen this man who has come up?** - Apparently you have not really looked at this man who has come up!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **will give him his daughter...will make his father’s house** - Here the words "him" and "his father's house" refer to the man who kills Goliath. +This refers to the king of Israel. AT: "Our king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his daughter + +This refers to the king's daughter. + +# to him ... his father's house + +The words "him" and "his" refer to the man who kills Goliath. + +# will make his father's house free from taxation in Israel + +The word "house" refers to the household or family. AT: "will no longer require his family to pay taxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/26.md b/1sa/17/26.md index 915850f42a..0ffa4906e1 100644 --- a/1sa/17/26.md +++ b/1sa/17/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# takes away the disgrace from Israel -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +This can be expressed with the verb "disgrace." AT: "stops Israel from being disgraced" or "stops him from disgracing Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God? -* **What will be done...the disgrace from Israel?** - David asks this question to confirm the truth of what the men had said in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:17:25]]. -* **Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God?** - AT: "This uncircumcised Philistine certainly has no power that he should defy the armies of the living God!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **this uncircumcised Philistine** - This phrase as an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God. +David said this to show his anger that this Philistine was defying God's army. AT: "This uncircumcised Philistine certainly has no power that he should defy the armies of the living God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this uncircumcised Philistine + +This phrase is an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/28.md b/1sa/17/28.md index a5a12ea59c..a68f8a7f37 100644 --- a/1sa/17/28.md +++ b/1sa/17/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliab's anger was kindled against David -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Here anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could be kindled. AT: "Eliab became angry with David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Why did you come down here? -* **Eliab’s anger was kindled against David** - AT: "Eliab became angry with David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **With whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness?** - "You simply had the responsibility of watching over a few sheep in the wilderness. You couldn't even carry out that simple responsibility!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **your pride, and the mischief in your heart** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **What have I done now? Was it not just a question?** - AT: "I have done nothing wrong. I was only asking a question." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **He turned away from him** - Here the word "He" refers to David and the word "him" refers to Eliab. +Eliab uses this question to show that he is angry that David came down. He was probably implying that David did not have a good reason for coming. AT: "You had no good reason to come here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# With whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness? + +Eliab uses this question to insult David by making his work seem unimportant and by accusing him of not taking care of his father's sheep. AT: "You simply had the responsibility of watching over a few sheep in the wilderness. You could not even carry out that simple responsibility!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your pride, and the mischief in your heart + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# What have I done now? Was it not just a question? + +David used these questions to express his frustration and to justify himself. AT: "I have done nothing wrong. I was only asking a question!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He turned away from him + +"He" refers to David and the word "him" refers to Eliab. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/31.md b/1sa/17/31.md index e2a3022df3..db2621515f 100644 --- a/1sa/17/31.md +++ b/1sa/17/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When the words that David said were heard -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When the soldiers heard what David said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Let no man's heart fail -* **When the words that David said were heard** - AT: "When the soldiers heard what David said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Let no man’s heart fail** - AT: "Do not let anyone be discouraged" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The heart failing represents being terrified and losing confidence. AT: "Do not let anyone be terrified" or "Do not let anyone lose their confidence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your servant will go + +David spoke of himself as "your servant" to show respect to Saul. AT: "I, your servant, will go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/34.md b/1sa/17/34.md index 4c29bb2a66..f779179445 100644 --- a/1sa/17/34.md +++ b/1sa/17/34.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Your servant used to keep his father's sheep -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +David spoke of himself as "your servant" to show respect to Saul. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 17:32](./31.md). AT: "I, your servant, used to keep my father's sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# used to keep his father's sheep -* **a bear** - A bear is a large animal with thick fur and long claws and that walks on four legs but can stand on two legs as a person does. -* **chased after him and attacked him** - Here the word "him" refers to the lion or bear. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_singularpronouns]]) -* **and rescued it out of his mouth** - Here the word "it" refers to the lamb. -* **he rose up against me** - AT: "it attacked me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **caught him by his beard** - The "beard" refers to the lion's mane or the hair on the bear's face. +"used to take care of his father's sheep" + +# a bear + +A bear is a large animal with thick fur and long claws and that walks on four legs but can stand on two legs as a person does. + +# chased after him and attacked him + +Here "him" refers to the lion or bear. Some languages would use the word "it" instead of "him." + +# rescued it out of his mouth + +Here "it" refers to the lamb. + +# he rose up against me + +Here "rose up against" is an idiom that refers to attacking. AT: "it attacked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# caught him by his beard + +The "beard" refers to the lion's mane or the hair on the bear's face. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/36.md b/1sa/17/36.md index 60aa9687e6..5516e1b808 100644 --- a/1sa/17/36.md +++ b/1sa/17/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +David continues speaking to King Saul. -## translationNotes +# This uncircumcised Philistine -* **This uncircumcised Philistine** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:17:26]]. -* **will be like one of them** - David will be able to kill the Philistine just as he was able to kill the lion and bear. +This phrase is an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 17:26](./26.md). + +# will be like one of them + +David is saying that he will be able to kill the Philistine just as he was able to kill the lion and bear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/37.md b/1sa/17/37.md index 419c0f8d8f..951885da4f 100644 --- a/1sa/17/37.md +++ b/1sa/17/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Bears and lions use their paws when they attack, so the word "paw" represents the attack. AT: "from the attack of the lion and from the attack of the bear" or "from the lion and the bear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the hand of this Philistine -* **from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear** - AT: "from the power of the lion and from the power of the bear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the hand of this Philistine** - AT: "the power of this Philistine" -* **coat of chainmail** - A "coat of chainmail" is a flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates. +The Philistine's hand represents his power in fighting. AT: "the power of this Philistine" or "the Philistine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# coat of chainmail + +a flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/39.md b/1sa/17/39.md index ad1d66369a..58c544a042 100644 --- a/1sa/17/39.md +++ b/1sa/17/39.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# his sword on his armor -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"Saul's sword on the armor" -## translationNotes +# his staff in his hand -* **his sword on his armor** - Here the word "his" refers to Saul. -* **his staff in his hand** - Here the word "his" refers to David. -* **his sling in his hand** - A sling is a weapon for throwing stones. +Here "his" refers to David. + +# His sling was in his hand + +A sling is a weapon for throwing stones. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/41.md b/1sa/17/41.md index b549dde481..b806264f4b 100644 --- a/1sa/17/41.md +++ b/1sa/17/41.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# with his shield bearer in front of him -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] +"and his shield bearer walked in front of him" -## translationNotes +# he despised him -* **he despised him** - "he hated him" -* **"Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?"** - AT: "I am not a dog, that you can come to me with sticks!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"he hated him" + +# ruddy + +"healthy" + +# Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks? + +Here a dog represents a small animal that a person can easily kill. The word "sticks" refers to David's staff and shows Goliath's opinion that it is not a good weapon. Goliath uses this question to accuse David of insulting him. AT: "You insult me by coming at me with mere sticks as if I were just a dog!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/44.md b/1sa/17/44.md index 858c8abc10..117bdff9bd 100644 --- a/1sa/17/44.md +++ b/1sa/17/44.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will give your flesh to the birds of the heavens and to the beasts of the field -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Goliath speaks of killing David and leaving his body on the ground for the animals to eat it as if he were to give David's body to the animals. AT: "I will kill you, and the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field will eat your body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# birds of the heavens -* **in the name of Yahweh** - AT: "with the power of Yahweh" or "with the authority of Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **whom you have defied** - AT: "whom you have provoked" or "whom you have insulted." +"birds of the sky" or "birds" + +# beasts of the field + +"wild animals" + +# in the name of Yahweh + +Here "name" represents God's power or authority. AT: "with the power of Yahweh" or "with the authority of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whom you have defied + +"whom you have provoked" or "whom you have insulted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/46.md b/1sa/17/46.md index 8d3608ff92..2b1a0f7dff 100644 --- a/1sa/17/46.md +++ b/1sa/17/46.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David continues speaking to Goliath. -## translationNotes +# I will give the dead bodies ... to the birds ... and to the wild beasts of the earth -* **beasts of the earth, so that all the earth** - The first "earth" refers to the ground. The second "earth" refers to all the people who live on the earth. -* **give you into our hand** - AT: "help us conquer you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +David speaks of leading the Israelites in killing the Philistines and leaving their bodies on the ground for the animals to eat them as if he were to give their bodies to the animals. AT: "We Israelites will kill the Philistine army, and the birds of the heavens and the wild beasts of the earth will eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the earth may know + +The word "earth" refers to the people on earth. AT: "all the people of the earth may know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh does not give victory with sword or spear + +Swords and spears are examples of battle weapons. They represent human ways of fighting. AT: "The victory that Yahweh gives does not depend on sword and spear" or "when Yahweh gives us victory, he does not depend on how we fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the battle is Yahweh's + +Winning the battle is spoken of as owning the battle. AT: "Yahweh always wins the battle" or "the victory belongs to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will give you into our hand + +Giving the Philistines into Israel's hand represents helping Israel to defeat the Philistines in battle. AT: "he will help us defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/48.md b/1sa/17/48.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6c225e3a25..0000000000 --- a/1sa/17/48.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. diff --git a/1sa/17/50.md b/1sa/17/50.md index 364cf1e709..356b3b73fd 100644 --- a/1sa/17/50.md +++ b/1sa/17/50.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# David defeated ... He hit ... killed ... There was no sword in David's hand -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Verse 50 is a summary of David's amazing victory over Goliath. The details about how he hit and killed Goliath are in [1 Samuel 17:49](./48.md) and 17:51. Some languages do not use summary statements like this. In those situations, translators may restructure the verses as they are in the UDB. -## translationNotes +# Then David ran and stood over the Philistine -* **He hit the Philistine and killed him** - This is a summary statement. The details are that he first used a sling in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:17:48]], and then used a sword in 17:51. Some languages do not use summary statements like this. In those situations, translators may restructure the verses as they are in the UDB. -* **took his sword** - Here the word "his" refers to Goliath. +David did this after Goliath fell to the ground in [1 Samuel 17:49](./48.md). + +# took his sword + +"took the Philistine's sword." Here the word "his" refers to Goliath. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/52.md b/1sa/17/52.md index 93fd37485b..35f65504f9 100644 --- a/1sa/17/52.md +++ b/1sa/17/52.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The dead Philistines lay along the way to Shaaraim -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +It can be stated clearly that the Israelites were killing the Philistines as they chased them. AT: "And they killed the Philistines as they chased them, and the bodies of the dead Philistines were on the ground along the way to Shaaraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they plundered their camp -* **they plundered their camp** - AT: "the Israelites plundered the Philistines' camp" -* **he put his armor in his tent** - AT: "he put Goliath's armor in his own tent" +"the Israelites plundered the Philistines' camp" + +# he put his armor in his tent + +"he put Goliath's armor in his own tent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/55.md b/1sa/17/55.md index 9104cebb1f..5ea57db3fb 100644 --- a/1sa/17/55.md +++ b/1sa/17/55.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When Saul saw David -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +The conversation in 17:55-56 happened before David killed Goliath. AT: "When Saul had seen David" or "Earlier when Saul saw David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## translationNotes +# go out against the Philistine +"go to fight against the Philistine" + +# whose son is this youth + +"who is this youth's father" + +# As you live + +This was a way of swearing that what he was about to say was true. + +# whose son the boy is + +"who the boy's father is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/57.md b/1sa/17/57.md index bd46774071..cac44dce95 100644 --- a/1sa/17/57.md +++ b/1sa/17/57.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in his hand -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here "his" refers to David. -## translationNotes +# Whose son are you -* **in his hand** - Here the word "his" refers to David. +"Who is your father" + +# I am the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite + +"My father is your servant Jesse, the Bethlehemite" + +# your servant Jesse + +David referred to his father as "your servant" to show that his father was faithful to King Saul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/intro.md b/1sa/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c8027c0f3b --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 1 Samuel 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter introduced David as a soldier, a skill that will be important for the rest of his life. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David kills Goliath ##### +Trust in God is more powerful than physical might or military training and equipment. David, trusting in the Lord and armed only with a sling, defeats Goliath who is well-armed and physically strong but who did not believe in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Uncircumcised ##### + +The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to describe the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]]). + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +David uses rhetorical questions to state his desire to fight the giant: "What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and takes away the disgrace from Israel? Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +His brother uses rhetorical questions to show his disdain for his younger brother, whom he thinks is pretending to be bigger than he really is: "Why did you come down here? With whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness?" David defends himself with some questions: "What have I done now? Was it not just a question?" + +Goliath also uses a rhetorical question to show his contempt for young David: "Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?" + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/01.md b/1sa/18/01.md index 2494d6cb81..1e6c44a96a 100644 --- a/1sa/18/01.md +++ b/1sa/18/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Very close friendship is spoken of as if it were binding together the souls of two people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jonathan felt a strong affection towards David" or "Jonathan committed himself to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Jonathan loved him as his own soul -* **the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David** - AT: "Jonathan committed himself to David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and Jonathan loved him as his own soul** - Here "loved" refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. AT: "and Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "loved" refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. The word "soul" represents the person or the person's life. AT: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" or "Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/03.md b/1sa/18/03.md index 25e6612e63..aef87c5ec3 100644 --- a/1sa/18/03.md +++ b/1sa/18/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Jonathan loved him as his own soul -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Jonathan loved him as his own soul** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:18:01]]. +Here "loved" refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. The word "soul" represents the person or the person's life. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:1](./01.md). AT: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" or "Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/05.md b/1sa/18/05.md index fee112eab8..e9553a352d 100644 --- a/1sa/18/05.md +++ b/1sa/18/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he succeeded -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"he prospered" -## translationNotes +# This was pleasing in the eyes of all the people and also in the sight of Saul's servants -* **and he succeeded** - "and he prospered" -* **This was pleasing in the eyes of all the people and also in the sight of Saul’s servants** - The phrases "in the eyes of" and "in the sight of" mean the same thing. AT: "This pleased all the people and Saul's servants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The phrases "in the eyes of" and "in the sight of" mean the same thing. The opinion of the people is spoken of as something that they view as either good or bad. AT: "This was pleasing in the opinions of all the people and of Saul's servants" or "This pleased all the people and Saul's servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/06.md b/1sa/18/06.md index e097d8e43d..2266919f72 100644 --- a/1sa/18/06.md +++ b/1sa/18/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# from all the cities of Israel -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +This is generalization that emphasizes the great number of women who came from many cities. AT: "from many of the cities throughout Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# with tambourines, with joy, and with musical instruments -* **from all the cities of Israel** - AT: "from many of the cities of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **with tambourines** - A "tambourine" is a small handheld drum. -* **And David his ten thousands** - AT: "And David has killed his ten thousands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"joyfully playing tambourines and other musical instruments" + +# with tambourines + +A "tambourine" is a small handheld drum. + +# David his ten thousands + +The verb may be supplied from the previous line. AT: "David has killed his ten thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/08.md b/1sa/18/08.md index 692f36aaa5..a2ab086d45 100644 --- a/1sa/18/08.md +++ b/1sa/18/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They have ascribed -* [[en:tw:angry]] +"They have credited" -## translationNotes +# What more can he have but the monarchy? -* **They have ascribed** - "They have credited" -* **What more can he have but the monarchy?** - AT: "The only thing left for him to have is the kingship" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The only thing left for him to have is the kingship." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/10.md b/1sa/18/10.md index 0dc45f1c60..981040c3da 100644 --- a/1sa/18/10.md +++ b/1sa/18/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a harmful spirit from God -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "harmful spirit" may refer to either "a spirit that causes trouble" or "an evil spirit." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:15](../16/14.md). -## translationNotes +# a harmful spirit from God rushed upon Saul -* **a harmful spirit from God** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:16:14]]. -* **And he raved** - "And he acted crazy" +The phrase "rushed upon" means the harmful spirit influenced Saul. In this case it means it caused Saul to be troubled and act crazy. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/05.md). + +# he raved + +"he acted crazy" + +# Yahweh was with him + +"Yahweh was with David" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/13.md b/1sa/18/13.md index 761fedb8f8..82c56bb5ac 100644 --- a/1sa/18/13.md +++ b/1sa/18/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So Saul removed him from his presence -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +"So Saul removed David from his presence" -## translationNotes +# a commander of a thousand -* **So Saul removed him from his presence** - "So Saul removed David from his presence" -* **a thousand** - AT: "one thousand" or "1,000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **David went out and came in before the people** - Here "the people" refers to the soldiers under David's command. AT: "David led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the word "thousand" represents the exact amount of soldiers that he would lead. AT: "a commander of 1,000 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "thousand" does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. AT: "a commander of a large military division" See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# David went out and came in before the people + +Here "the people" refers to the soldiers under David's command. The phrases "went out" and "came in" are idioms that refer to leading the people into battle and leading them home from battle. AT: "David led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/15.md b/1sa/18/15.md index 3de9f687ff..649dd2a8d5 100644 --- a/1sa/18/15.md +++ b/1sa/18/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he stood in awe of him -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +Here "stood in awe" is an idiom that means to fear. AT: "he feared David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# all Israel and Judah loved David -* **he stood in awe of him** - AT: "he feared David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **all Israel and Judah loved David** - AT: "many people in Israel and Judah admired David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **went out and came in before** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:18:13]]. +Here "Israel and Judah" represent the people of all of the tribes. AT: "all the people in Israel and Judah loved David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# went out and came in before them + +The phrases "went out" and "came in" are idioms that refer to leading the people into battle and leading them home from battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:13](./13.md). AT: "led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/17.md b/1sa/18/17.md index 11de5fac72..5494827607 100644 --- a/1sa/18/17.md +++ b/1sa/18/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Let not my hand be on him, but let the hand of the Philistines be on him -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Harming someone is spoken of as if it were placing one's hand on that person. Here, Saul is referring to killing David. AT: "I will not be the one to kill him; I will let the Philistines kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# Who am I, and who are my relatives, or my father's clan in Israel ... to the king? -* **Let not my hand be on him, but let the hand of the Philistines be on him** - AT: "I will not harm him, but I will let the Philistines harm him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Who am I, and what is my life, or my father’s family in Israel...to the king?** - AT: "I am nobody and neither my life nor my father's family is important enough in Israel...to the king." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **be son-in-law to the king** - in-law to the king** - AT: "be husband of the king's daughter" +David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he is not worthy of being Saul's son-in-law. AT: "I am nobody and neither my relatives nor my father's family are important enough in Israel ... to the king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# son-in-law to the king + +"husband of the king's daughter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/19.md b/1sa/18/19.md index 3198368006..6ef1d806ef 100644 --- a/1sa/18/19.md +++ b/1sa/18/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# when Merab, Saul's daughter, should have been given to David -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when Saul should have given his daughter Merab to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# she was given to Adriel -* **when Merab, Saul’s daughter, should have been given to David** - AT: "when Saul should have given his daughter Merab to David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **she was given to Adriel** - AT: "Saul gave her to Adriel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Saul gave her to Adriel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/20.md b/1sa/18/20.md index c21582c3bb..7c7ecb49b1 100644 --- a/1sa/18/20.md +++ b/1sa/18/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Michal ... loved David -* [[en:tw:love]] +Here "loved" means she had romantic feelings for David. -## translationNotes +# They told Saul -* **Michal ... loved David** - Here "loved" means she had romantic feelings for David. -* **They told Saul** - Here the word "they" refers to people who found out about Michal's feelings, not to David and Michal. -* **the hand of the Philistines** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:18:17]]. -* **You will be my son-in-law** - in-law** - AT: "You will be the husband of my daughter" +Here "they" refers to people who found out about Michal's feelings, not to David and Michal. + +# that the hand of the Philistines may be against him + +Harming someone is spoken of as if it were placing one's hand on that person. Here, Saul is referring to killing David. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 18:17](./17.md). AT: "so that the Philistines may kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# You will be my son-in-law + +"You will be the husband of my daughter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/22.md b/1sa/18/22.md index dee19b6537..99f426ce6d 100644 --- a/1sa/18/22.md +++ b/1sa/18/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all his servants love you -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"all of his servants admire you" -## translationNotes +# Now then -* **all his servants love you** - "all of his servants admire you" -* **Now then** - AT: "For these reasons you should" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"For these reasons you should" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/23.md b/1sa/18/23.md index 78ca5d9f67..19cd7d166d 100644 --- a/1sa/18/23.md +++ b/1sa/18/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Is it a small matter to you to be the king's son-in-law, since I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed? -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:word]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Is it a small matter to you to be the king’s son-in-law, since I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed?** - in-law, since I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed?** - AT: "It is no small matter to be the king's son-in-law, and I am too poor and unimportant for that." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +David asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he is not worthy to be the king's son-in-law. AT: "It is a great matter to be the king's son-in-law, and I am too poor and unimportant for that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/25.md b/1sa/18/25.md index 37b0ec05b0..4586488c1a 100644 --- a/1sa/18/25.md +++ b/1sa/18/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The king does not desire any dowry, only one hundred foreskins -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +The verb for the second phrase may be supplied from the first. AT: "The king does not desire any dowry; he desires only that you bring to him 100 foreskins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# dowry -* **The king does not desire any dowry, only one hundred foreskins** - AT: "The king does not desire any bride price; he desires only that you bring to him 100 foreskins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **foreskins** - The word "foreskin" refers to the fold of skin on a man's private parts that is removed during circumcision. -* **to be avenged from the king’s enemies** - AT: "to get revenge on the king's enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines** - Here "fall" means to die. AT: "to have the Philistines kill David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"bride price." In this culture, the man was required to give a gift to the bride's father. + +# foreskins + +The word "foreskin" refers to the fold of skin on a man's private parts that is removed during circumcision. + +# to be avenged from the king's enemies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to get revenge on the king's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines + +Here "fall" means to die. The phrase "by the hand" is an idiom that tells us the means by which something will happen, in this case, David will be killed by the Philistines. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to have the Philistines kill David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/27.md b/1sa/18/27.md index 27477a16d2..06bb5a96ea 100644 --- a/1sa/18/27.md +++ b/1sa/18/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# two hundred Philistines -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be rendered numerically. AT: "200 Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# they gave them in full number to the king -* **two hundred Philistines** - "200 Philistines" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **saw and knew** - These two words share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Michal, Saul’s daughter, loved him** - Here “loved” means she had romantic feelings for David. +"David and his men gave all of them to the king" + +# Saul saw, and he knew + +Here the words "saw" and "knew" share similar meanings and emphasize that Saul knew with certainty. AT: "Saul recognized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Michal, Saul's daughter, loved him + +Here "loved" means she had romantic feelings for David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/30.md b/1sa/18/30.md index 9cfc949c9a..42d14a6419 100644 --- a/1sa/18/30.md +++ b/1sa/18/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# so that his name was highly regarded -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes - -* **his name was highly regarded** - AT: "the people of Israel greatly respected David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "name" is a metonym for David. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that people greatly respected David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/intro.md b/1sa/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0f772f77e --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Samuel 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the first chapter of a section explaining why Saul wants to kill David. + +Many translations set apart quotations, prayers, or songs. 1 Samuel 18:7 is a song praising David. It has been set apart in the ULB through the use of indentation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Saul is jealous of David's popularity ##### +Saul's son, Jonathan, loves David. David is successful in battling the Philistines, and Saul is happy until the women give David more attention than they give him. He fears that David will replace him as king. This is potentially confusing because the author has already established that David will be the next king. It is probably that Saul feared David would kill him in order to be the next king sooner, or that he did not really believe David would be the next king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) + +##### Jonathan's love of David ##### +Some scholars believe Jonathan loved David as a man loves his wife. There is no reason to translate this as if Jonathan were a homosexual. Instead, treat this as a brotherly type of love. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/01.md b/1sa/19/01.md index a4ef59fd89..ab9bbb40fb 100644 --- a/1sa/19/01.md +++ b/1sa/19/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to all his servants -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here "his" refers to Saul. -## translationNotes +# took great pleasure in David -* **and to all his servants** - "his" refers to Saul. -* **took great pleasure in David** - Jonathan greatly enjoyed being with David. +Jonathan greatly enjoyed being with David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/04.md b/1sa/19/04.md index 2d0052caa8..098bb53633 100644 --- a/1sa/19/04.md +++ b/1sa/19/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not let the king sin against his servant -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jonathan speaks as if Saul is another person to show Saul that Jonathan respects Saul. AT: "Do not sin against your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# he took his life in his hand -* **he took his life in his hand** - AT: "he risked his life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?"** - Jonathan asks this question to rebuke Saul. AT: "You should not sin against innocent blood and kill David without cause." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **innocent blood** - AT: "an innocent person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "life in his hand" is an idiom that refers to risking his life. AT: "he risked his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason? + +Jonathan asks this question to rebuke Saul. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not sin against innocent blood and kill David without cause." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# sin against innocent blood + +Here "blood" is a metonym for the life of an innocent person. AT: "commit the sin of murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/06.md b/1sa/19/06.md index 9b3b5747c5..d3eb662435 100644 --- a/1sa/19/06.md +++ b/1sa/19/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he will not be put to death -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not put him to death" or "I will not kill him" or "I will certainly keep him alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# he was in his presence -* **he will not be put to death** - AT: "I will not put him to death" or "I will not kill him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +David was in Saul's presence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/08.md b/1sa/19/08.md index 4e849f977d..e0c8a5e0e4 100644 --- a/1sa/19/08.md +++ b/1sa/19/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# A harmful spirit from Yahweh -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] - -## translationNotes - -* **fought with the Philistines** - As in David fought against the philistines. -* **A harmful spirit from Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:16:14]]. +Here "harmful spirit" may refer to either "a spirit that causes trouble" or "an evil spirit." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:14](../16/14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/10.md b/1sa/19/10.md index a2fffe183c..a9d20d974e 100644 --- a/1sa/19/10.md +++ b/1sa/19/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# pin David to the wall with the spear -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +throw his spear so it would go through David and into the wall -## translationNotes +# he might kill him -* **he might kill him** - "Saul might kill David" -* **If you do not save your life** - AT: "If you do not escape" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you will be killed** - AT: "someone will kill you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Saul might kill David" + +# Michal ... told him + +Michal told David + +# If you do not save your life + +Here "save your life" is an idiom that refers to escape. AT: "If you do not escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/12.md b/1sa/19/12.md index da5b88c9a2..cd1380eefd 100644 --- a/1sa/19/12.md +++ b/1sa/19/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] +Michal helps David escape King Saul. She uses a household idol to make David's bed look like he is sleeping in it. -## translationNotes +# she put a pillow of goats' hair at its head, and covered it with the clothes -* Michal helps David escape King Saul. +Possible meanings are 1) the head of the idol was lying on the goat's hair pillow and Michal dressed the idol in David's clothes or 2) Michal used David's clothes as a blanket to completely cover the idol and made the "pillow" of goat's hair look like David's hair sticking out from under the blanket of clothes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/14.md b/1sa/19/14.md index 6ad6111850..ff7eafe64d 100644 --- a/1sa/19/14.md +++ b/1sa/19/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +Saul acts out his desire to kill David. -## translationNotes +# take David -* Saul acts out his desire to kill David. -* **she said** - Here the word "she" refers to Michal. +"take David back to Saul" + +# she said + +Here "she" refers to Michal. + +# Bring him up to me in the bed + +The reason why the men thought David was in bed can be made explicit. AT: "If he really is too sick to come to me, bring me the bed with him in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/16.md b/1sa/19/16.md index f789ed6d14..ec6da256ed 100644 --- a/1sa/19/16.md +++ b/1sa/19/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# pillow of goats' hair -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] +See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 19:13](./12.md). -## translationNotes +# behold -* **behold** - The word "behold" here shows that the messengers were surprised by what they saw. -* **Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped?** - Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. AT: "You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Let me go. Why should I kill you?** - Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. AT: "I will kill you if you do not help me to escape." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "behold" here shows that the messengers were surprised by what they saw. + +# Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? + +Possible meanings are 1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or 2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Let me go. Why should I kill you? + +Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I will kill you if you do not help me to escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/18.md b/1sa/19/18.md index 53b0c5cbf5..fc47baa6d5 100644 --- a/1sa/19/18.md +++ b/1sa/19/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] +David flees to Samuel. -## translationNotes +# Now -* David flees to Samuel. -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -* **It was told to Saul** - AT: "Someone told Saul" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **See** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **standing as head over them** - Here the word "head" refers to a position of authority. "acting as their leader" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This word is used here to show that the writer has started to tell a new part of the story. + +# It was told to Saul + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# See + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# standing as head over them + +Here "head" refers to a position of authority. AT: "acting as their leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/21.md b/1sa/19/21.md index befaf955be..f48867c780 100644 --- a/1sa/19/21.md +++ b/1sa/19/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# When Saul was told this -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When someone told Saul this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Ramah ... Seku ... Naioth -* **When Saul was told this** - AT: "When someone told Saul this" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Ramah...Secu...Naioth** - These are place names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/23.md b/1sa/19/23.md index ab8bd024c8..faef3bc1e5 100644 --- a/1sa/19/23.md +++ b/1sa/19/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This is why they ask, "Is Saul also among the prophets?" +This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:12](../10/11.md). AT: "That is the reason that when people see someone doing something that is very unexpected, they say, 'Is Saul also a prophet?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they ask -* **they say** - Here the word "they" refers to people in general. The question became a proverb among the people. -* **Is Saul also among the prophets?** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:10:11]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "they" refers to people in general. The question became a proverb among the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/intro.md b/1sa/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0997e8d953 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Samuel 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God protects David ##### +Jonathan persuades Saul not to kill David, but Saul again becomes jealous and orders his servants to bring David to him to be killed. God uses Michal to save David. David flees to Samuel and they begin prophesying. When Saul sends servants to capture David, they begin prophesying. This causes Saul to go himself and he begins to prophesy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/01.md b/1sa/20/01.md index 6ca5b98bdc..17e0fee18c 100644 --- a/1sa/20/01.md +++ b/1sa/20/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks to take my life? -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +These three questions mean basically the same thing. David uses them to emphasize that he has done nothing wrong to Saul. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have done nothing wrong. I have not committed any iniquity. I have not sinned against your father. He has no reason to take my life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# that he seeks to take my life? -* **What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks to take my life?** - These three questions mean basically the same thing. David uses them to emphasize that he has done nothing wrong to Saul. AT: "I have done nothing wrong. I have not committed any iniquity. I have not sinned against your father, that he seeks to take my life." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **that he seeks to take my life?** - AT: "that he is trying to kill me?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Far from it** - AT: "This is certainly not true" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **nothing either great or small** - AT: "nothing at all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **Why should my father hide this thing from me?** - Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that Saul would have told him if he planned to kill David. AT: "My father has no reason to hide this thing from me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **It is not so** - "It is not true" +Here "take my life" is an idiom for "kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Far from it + +Here "far from it" is an idiom that refers to that it is not true. AT: "This is certainly not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# nothing either great or small + +The words "great or small" include everything in between. AT: "nothing at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Why should my father hide this thing from me? + +Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that Saul would have told him if he planned to kill David. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "My father has no reason to hide this thing from me!" or "If this thing were true, my father would certainly let me know!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It is not so + +"It is not true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/03.md b/1sa/20/03.md index 2da6d96581..8c72d0e9bf 100644 --- a/1sa/20/03.md +++ b/1sa/20/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I have found favor in your eyes -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "I have pleased you" or "you consider me favorably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he will be grieved -* **I have found favor in your eyes** - AT: "I have become your friend" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he will be grieved** - AT: "this will grieve him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **there is but a step between me and death** - AT: "I am very close to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this will grieve him" or "he will be very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there is but a step between me and death + +Here "step between me and death" is an idiom that refers to being very close to death. AT: "I am very close to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/04.md b/1sa/20/04.md index 029cc61a92..ec036d99d3 100644 --- a/1sa/20/04.md +++ b/1sa/20/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] +David proposes a test against King Saul to Jonathan. -## translationNotes +# Tomorrow is the new moon -* David proposes a test against King Saul to Jonathan. -* **until the third day at evening** - until the evening of the day after tomorrow. (UDB) +On the first of every month the people would celebrate and offer sacrifices to God. + +# until the third day at evening + +"until the evening of the day after tomorrow" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/06.md b/1sa/20/06.md index 080a7f8eeb..81f8156ef8 100644 --- a/1sa/20/06.md +++ b/1sa/20/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +David's continues to describe the test he proposes. -## translationNotes +# asked leave of me -* David's proposed test continues. -* **your servant will have peace** - David refers to himself with the phrase "your servant" as a sign of submission to Jonathan. -* **he has decided on evil** - Here the word "he" refers to Saul. +"asked me if I would allow him to leave" + +# he says ... he is ... he has decided + +The word "he" refers to Saul. + +# your servant will have peace + +David speaks of himself as if he were another person to show that he respects Jonathan. AT: "I, your servant, will have peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/08.md b/1sa/20/08.md index e975a8e6ad..4da3e8f5e4 100644 --- a/1sa/20/08.md +++ b/1sa/20/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David continues speaking to Jonathan. -## translationNotes +# with your servant ... have brought your servant -* David continues speaking to Jonathan. -* **you have brought your servant into a covenant of Yahweh with you** - AT: "you have made a covenant with me, your servant, with Yahweh as witness" -* **for why then should you bring me to your father?** - AT: "then there would be no reason for you to bring me to your father." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Far be it from you!** - AT: "This will never happen to you!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **would I not tell you?** - Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he would tell David if Saul wanted to harm him. AT: "I would certainly tell you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +David speak of himself in the third person as a form of humility. AT: "with me, your servant ... have brought me, your servant" or "with me ... have brought me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# you have brought your servant into a covenant of Yahweh with you + +What it was that the two men agreed on can be made explicit. AT: "Yahweh heard you when you made a solemn agreement with me that you and I will always be good friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for why then should you bring me to your father? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "then there would be no reason for you to bring me to your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Far be it from you! + +This is an idiom that means it will never happen to you. AT: "This will never happen to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# would I not tell you? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I would certainly tell you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/10.md b/1sa/20/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 52e3cac989..0000000000 --- a/1sa/20/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. diff --git a/1sa/20/12.md b/1sa/20/12.md index 47cbb2d214..808c13ac36 100644 --- a/1sa/20/12.md +++ b/1sa/20/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# see -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# if there is good will -* **see** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **good will...will I not** - The first "will" refers to a desire to do something. The second "will" refers to something which could happen in the future. -* **will I not then send to you and make it known to you?** - Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he will tell David if Saul intends to harm him. AT: "then I will certainly send to you and make it known to you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **may Yahweh do to Jonathan and more also** - Jonathan uses this oath for emphasis and speaks of himself in the third person. AT: “may Yahweh do to me whatever harm my father intends to do to you, and even more than that” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"if my father wants to do good things for you" + +# will I not then send to you and make it known to you? + +Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he will tell David if Saul intends to harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "then I will certainly send to you and make it known to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# may Yahweh do to Jonathan and more also + +This is an idiom. Jonathan uses this oath for emphasis and speaks of himself as if he were another person. AT: "may Yahweh do to me whatever harm my father intends to do to you, and even more than that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/14.md b/1sa/20/14.md index 26d5e36397..de907f47b5 100644 --- a/1sa/20/14.md +++ b/1sa/20/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jonathan asks David not to completely kill all his offspring so that a remnant will remain. -## translationNotes +# will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die? -* Jonathan asks David not to completely kill all his offspring so that a remnant will remain. -* **will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die?** - Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. AT: "please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die." -* **show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh** - "show me the kind of covenant faithfulness that Yahweh shows" -* **May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of David’s -* Possible meanings are 1) "May Yahweh hold David's enemies accountable" or 2) "May Yahweh destroy David's enemies." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." Possible meanings for "of Yahweh" are 1) "be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful" or 2) "be faithful to me as Yahweh requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# house of David + +The word "house" is a metonym for the people who live in the house. AT: "David's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David + +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Possible meanings are 1) "May Yahweh use David's enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise" or 2) "May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/17.md b/1sa/20/17.md index cfad8dc2d6..e19d44efef 100644 --- a/1sa/20/17.md +++ b/1sa/20/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he loved him as he loved his own soul -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Here "his own soul" refers to himself. AT: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# You will be missed -* **he loved him as he loved his own soul** - AT: "Jonathan loved David as he loved himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **You will be missed** - AT: "My father will miss you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when the business was in hand** - AT: "when everything happened" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the stone Ezel** - "the stone that people call Ezel" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My father will miss you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when the business was in hand + +Here "business was in hand" is an idiom that refers to when everything happened. AT: "when everything happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the stone Ezel + +"Ezel" was the name of the stone. AT: "the stone that people call Ezel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/20.md b/1sa/20/20.md index 8ab3fd6e8d..ccb358eec4 100644 --- a/1sa/20/20.md +++ b/1sa/20/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] +Jonathan continues to speak to David. -## translationNotes +# to the side of it -* Jonathan continues to speak to David. -* **to the side of it** - Here the word "it" refers to the stone by which David is hiding. -* **my young man...the young boy** - These refer to the same person. -* **Look** - AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **then come** - "then you, David, come" +Here the word "it" refers to the stone by which David was to hide. + +# my young man ... the young boy + +These refer to the same person. + +# Look + +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# then come + +"then you, David, come" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/22.md b/1sa/20/22.md index 93f40baecc..98371be53d 100644 --- a/1sa/20/22.md +++ b/1sa/20/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jonathan continues to speak to David. -## translationNotes +# see -* Jonathan continues to speak to David. -* **see** - The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “indeed” -* **Yahweh is between you and me** - AT: "Yahweh is a witness between you and me" +The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed" + +# Yahweh is between you and me + +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh is a witness between you and me" or "Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other" or 2) "May Yahweh be a witness between you and me" or "May Yahweh watch how we treat each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/24.md b/1sa/20/24.md index 919bff7710..862d87be8b 100644 --- a/1sa/20/24.md +++ b/1sa/20/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Jonathan stood up -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Jonathan stood up** - AT: "sat across from him" (UDB). Some ancient texts have "sat across from him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_manuscripts]]) +Some ancient copies have "Jonathan sat across from him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-manuscripts]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/26.md b/1sa/20/26.md index 9990be4bfc..b95e29daf3 100644 --- a/1sa/20/26.md +++ b/1sa/20/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He is not clean; surely he is not clean -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] - -## translationNotes - -* **He is not clean; surely he is not clean** - According to the Law of Moses, if one is ceremonial unclean they are not to participate in the feast until they are declared clean. Saul repeats this phrase for emphasis, as if he is trying to convince himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +According to the law of Moses, a person who is ceremonially unclean is not to participate in the feast until the priest declares that he is clean. Saul repeats this phrase as if he is trying to convince himself. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/28.md b/1sa/20/28.md index 159472e5a0..09851a621c 100644 --- a/1sa/20/28.md +++ b/1sa/20/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# asked permission from me to go -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"asked me to allow him to go" -## translationNotes +# if I have found favor in your eyes -* **if I have found favor in your eyes** - AT: “if you are pleased with me” or “if I am your friend” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:3](./03.md). AT: "I have pleased you" or "you consider me favorably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the king's table + +Jonathan speaks of Saul as if he is another person to show that he respects Saul. AT: "your table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/30.md b/1sa/20/30.md index a2ff366202..0fd6630e36 100644 --- a/1sa/20/30.md +++ b/1sa/20/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Saul's anger burned against Jonathan -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:perverse]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Here "anger burned" is a metonymy that refers to becoming very angry. AT: "Saul became very angry with Jonathan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! -* **Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan** - AT: "Saul became very angry with Jonathan" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **You son of a perverse, rebellious woman!** - Saul uses this phrase as a harsh rebuke to Jonathan and his concern for David. AT: "You stupid son of a prostitute" or "You stupid traitor" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse...mother’s nakedness?** - Saul uses this question to emphasize that he knows that Jonathan and David are friends. AT: "I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse...mother's nakedness." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to the shame of your mother’s nakedness** - AT: "to the shame of your mother who gave birth to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **neither you nor your kingdom will be established** - AT: "you will not become king and will not establish your kingdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is an idiom. Saul uses this phrase as a harsh rebuke to Jonathan and his concern for David. AT: "You stupid son of a prostitute" or "You stupid traitor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse ... mother's nakedness? + +Saul uses this question to emphasize that he knows that Jonathan and David are friends. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse ... mother's nakedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to the shame of your mother's nakedness + +Here "mother's nakedness" is an idiom that refers to the mother who gave birth to you. AT: "to the shame of your mother who gave birth to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# neither you nor your kingdom will be established + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not become king and will not establish your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/32.md b/1sa/20/32.md index f2a77849de..cb5d76a4e7 100644 --- a/1sa/20/32.md +++ b/1sa/20/32.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For what reason should he be put to death? What has he done? -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +Jonathan is trying to get Saul to think carefully about what he is doing. This can be translated as a statement, and the words "should he be put to death" can be translated in active form. AT: "You have no good reason to put him to death. He has done nothing wrong." or "You have no good reason to kill him. He has done nothing wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the second day of the month -* **he be put to death** - AT: "you put him to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he was grieved over David** - AT: "he was grieving over David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **had dishonored him** - Here the word "him" refers to David. +This "second" is an ordinal number which refers to two. AT: "the second day of the new moon festival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# he was grieved over David + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he was grieving over David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# had dishonored him + +Here "him" refers to David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/35.md b/1sa/20/35.md index 5921da0754..878464e0c9 100644 --- a/1sa/20/35.md +++ b/1sa/20/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a young man was with him -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:call]] +Here "him" refers to Jonathan. -## translationNotes +# he shot an arrow beyond him -* **a young man was with him** - Here the word "him" refers to Jonathan. -* **he shot an arrow beyond him** - "Jonathan shot an arrow beyond the young man" -* **Is not the arrow beyond you?** - Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that the arrow is farther ahead of the young man. AT: "The arrow is beyond you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Jonathan shot an arrow beyond the young man" + +# Is not the arrow beyond you? + +Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that the arrow is farther ahead of the young man. The uses of litotes also emphasizes this. The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should know that the arrow is beyond you." or "The arrow is far beyond you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/38.md b/1sa/20/38.md index 70f74e5b8d..f409cf2d51 100644 --- a/1sa/20/38.md +++ b/1sa/20/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# called after the young man, "Hurry -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] - -## translationNotes - -* **called after the young man** - "called out to the young man" +"called out to the young man, who was running away from him, 'Hurry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/41.md b/1sa/20/41.md index c07479a7fc..6dbf510ef0 100644 --- a/1sa/20/41.md +++ b/1sa/20/41.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the mound -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It seems that David had hidden behind a pile of earth or stones. -## translationNotes +# lay facedown on the ground, and bowed himself three times. -* ** lay facedown on the ground, and bowed himself three times.** - David bowed before Jonathan who was still the King's son, worthy of such respect. Also, this was the last time David met with Jonathan. -* **between you and me** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:1sa:20:22]]. +David bowed before Jonathan, who was still the King's son, worthy of such respect. Also, this was the last time David met with Jonathan. + +# May Yahweh be between you and me + +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh is a witness between you and me" or "Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other" or 2) "May Yahweh be a witness between you and me" or "May Yahweh watch how we treat each other." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:23](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/intro.md b/1sa/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee6214c4b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Samuel 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jonathan warns David ##### +David tells Jonathan that Saul is still trying to kill him. Jonathan promises to find out if this is true. When David misses dinner two consecutive days, Saul asks about him. Jonathan says that David went home for an annual sacrifice. Saul gets angry at Jonathan, telling him he will never be king unless they kill David. Saul throws his spear at Jonathan. Jonathan warns David to run away, but first they both promise to always be friends. It was usually a king's son who became king after his death in the ancient Near East. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +David uses a powerful metaphor and an oath to impress Jonathan with the danger he is in: "But as truly as Yahweh lives, and as you live, there is but a step between me and death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/01.md b/1sa/21/01.md index f21c2554a4..3c4dbb9d5e 100644 --- a/1sa/21/01.md +++ b/1sa/21/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Nob -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Ahimelech -* **trembling** - generally a physical shaking resulting from fear or anxiety -* **has charged me with a matter** - AT: "has given me the responsibility to complete a task" +a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# trembling + +shaking in fear + +# on a mission + +"to do work for him" + +# I have directed the young men to a certain place + +"I have told the young men to go to another place, and I will meet them there later" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/03.md b/1sa/21/03.md index 826b65bc05..7ed6ff7660 100644 --- a/1sa/21/03.md +++ b/1sa/21/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now then -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] +David is starting a new part of the conversation. -## translationNotes +# what do you have on hand? -* **Now then** - This phrase is used to transition from one subject to another in a conversation. -* **what do you have on hand?** - "on hand" means available. AT: "What food do you have available?" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Give me five loaves of bread** - In a command, the subject "you" is assumed. AT: "You give me five loaves of bread." -* **ordinary bread** - bread normally eaten, without unusual flavor or meaning. +Here "on hand" is a metonymy meaning "available." AT: "What food do you have that you can give me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Give me five loaves of bread + +This is a polite request. + +# ordinary bread + +bread that the priests have not used in worship + +# holy bread + +bread that the priests have used in worship + +# if the young men have kept themselves from women + +This can be translated as a complete sentence. AT: "Your men may eat it if they have not slept with women recently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/05.md b/1sa/21/05.md index 814b1e0aca..ec83004bcb 100644 --- a/1sa/21/05.md +++ b/1sa/21/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# women have been kept from us -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "we have kept ourselves from women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# three days -* **three days** - "3 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **When I set out** - "When I began this journey or trip" -* **ordinary journey** - an average or normal journey or trip -* **How much more then today will their bodies be holy?** - AT: "Their bodies are more holy today than three days ago." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# when I set out + +"when I begin a journey" + +# The things belonging to the men have been set apart + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The men have set what belongs to them apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# How much more today will what they have be set apart + +This is a statement, not a question. It can be translated in active form. AT: "It is especially true today that they will set apart what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the bread that was set apart + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the bread that the priests had set apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# which was removed from before Yahweh, in order to put + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "which the priests had removed from before Yahweh so that they could put" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/07.md b/1sa/21/07.md index 6c5db130e4..de32334dfc 100644 --- a/1sa/21/07.md +++ b/1sa/21/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# detained before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are that 1) Doeg had some religious work regarding Yahweh to do there. AT: "for some work before Yahweh" or 2) Yahweh detained Doeg there. AT: "because Yahweh had detained him there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Doeg ... herdsmen -* **and he saw what Ahimelech did.** - UDB makes this implied info explicit. ULB treats it as an ellipsis. See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] -* **herdsman** - the keeper and protector of a herd, especially of cattle or sheep. +You may need to say clearly that Doeg saw what David did. AT: "Doeg ... herdsmen, and he saw what Ahimelech did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Doeg + +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# herdsmen + +the keepers and protectors of a herd, especially of cattle or sheep \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/08.md b/1sa/21/08.md index fce771ab17..54ef80a739 100644 --- a/1sa/21/08.md +++ b/1sa/21/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now is there not here on hand any spear or sword? -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:goliath]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here "on hand" is a metonymy meaning "available." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:3](./03.md). AT: "Do you have a spear or sword that you can give me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# weapons -* **Now is there not here on hand any spear or sword?** - AT: "Is a spear or sword available?" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **weapons** - the name for the category of deadly arms: swords, knives, spears, etc. -* **Valley of Elah** - This is the name of a place in Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +a general name for such things as swords, knives, bows and arrows, and spears + +# Valley of Elah + +This is the name of a place in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/10.md b/1sa/21/10.md index a92e7537c0..dd870c90a8 100644 --- a/1sa/21/10.md +++ b/1sa/21/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Is not this David, the king of the land? -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +They were probably exaggerating when they said that David was king of the land. They used this question to imply that David was a powerful enemy and Achish should not let him stay there. AT: "You know that this is David, who is as dangerous as the king of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, 'Saul ... thousands?' -* **Is not this David the king of the land?** - They were probably exaggerating when they said that David was king of the land. They used this question to imply that David was a powerful enemy and Achish should not let him stay there. AT: "Is not this David our enemy's king?" or "This David is as dangerous as the king of the land" "This (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Did they not sing to one another about him in dances?** - AT: "When the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that when the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him, 'Saul ... thousands.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/12.md b/1sa/21/12.md index 139c556414..dcc6f11270 100644 --- a/1sa/21/12.md +++ b/1sa/21/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# David took these words to heart -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "took ... to heart" is a metonymy to think seriously about what was said. AT: "David thought seriously about what the servants said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# in their hands -* **David took these words to heart** - AT: "David thought seriously about what the servants said" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in their hands** - "in their presence" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **let his saliva run down his beard** - "let the bodily fluids in his mouth run down the growth of hair on his lower face" +Here "hands" are a synecdoche for the person. AT: "in their presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/14.md b/1sa/21/14.md index 44ce46d168..04b148e886 100644 --- a/1sa/21/14.md +++ b/1sa/21/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Why have you brought him to me? -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Possible meanings are 1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or 2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. AT: "You should have known not to bring him to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Do I lack madmen, so that you have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence? -* **Do I lack madmen, so that you have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence?** - AT: "Did you bring this insane man to me because I do not have other insane people around me?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will this fellow really come into my house?** - AT: "I will not allow David to enter my house." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is a rebuke. AT: "There are enough madmen here who waste my time. You should not have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Will this fellow really come into my house? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Do not allow this fellow to enter my house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/intro.md b/1sa/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dcc24dbe27 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 1 Samuel 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotes, songs, or poems. The ULB sets [1 Samuel 21:11](./10.md) apart through the use of indentation because it is a song. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David and the chief priest ##### +David visits the chief priest and lies to him about being on a special mission for the king. He asks for food, weapons, and prayer. The chief priest gives him some sacred bread and Goliath's sword and prays for him. + +##### David and the king of Gath ##### +David flees to Gath. The advisers to the king tell him that David is almost the king of Israel. David becomes afraid of the king and pretends to be insane. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +The king of Gath's advisers use two rhetorical questions to warn him about how dangerous David could be: "Is not this David the king of the land? Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, 'Saul has killed his thousands, and David his ten thousands?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/01.md b/1sa/22/01.md index 2bf84d95e7..02c04e5120 100644 --- a/1sa/22/01.md +++ b/1sa/22/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# cave -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +a hollow space under the ground, generally opening into the side of a hill, large enough for people to enter -## translationNotes +# Adullam -* **cave** - a hollow space under the ground, generally opening into the side of a hill; large enough for people to enter. -* **Everyone who was in distress, every one who was in debt, and every one who was discontented—they all gathered to him** - AT: "Many people who were distressed, owed debts, or were unhappy came to him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **four hundred** - "400" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the name of a town near the city of Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# heard it + +heard that David had gone to hide in the cave + +# Everyone who was in distress ... everyone who was discontented + +This is a generalization. AT: "Many people who were distressed ... many people who were unhappy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# captain + +military officer who leads soldiers + +# four hundred + +"400" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/03.md b/1sa/22/03.md index c4a3bfc415..08312e5299 100644 --- a/1sa/22/03.md +++ b/1sa/22/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then David went from there -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +"Then David went from the cave at Adullam" -## translationNotes +# Mizpah -* **Then David went from there** - "David went from the cave at Adullam" -* **go into the land of Judah** - AT: "go to your home land of Judah" -* **Hereth** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# go out with you + +David wanted his parents to live with the king of Moab so that King Saul would not be able to harm them. Translators can express his basic meaning by using the ideas of "come to stay with you," "stay with you," or "live here with you," as in the UDB. + +# go into the land of Judah + +"go to your home land of Judah" + +# Hereth + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/06.md b/1sa/22/06.md index df7a23aa8b..29e310f1c3 100644 --- a/1sa/22/06.md +++ b/1sa/22/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# David had been discovered, along with the men who were with him -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +Saul was most interested in David, so the writer mentions the other men separately. This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone had discovered where David and all the men who were with him were hiding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the tamarisk tree -* **the tamarisk tree** - This is a type of tree. AT: "a large shade tree" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **in Ramah** - Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means "high place." Possible meanings are 1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or 2) it refers to any high place. AT: "on a hill" (UDB) +This is a type of tree. AT: "a large shade tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# in Ramah + +Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means "high place." Possible meanings are 1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or 2) it refers to any high place. AT: "on a hill" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/07.md b/1sa/22/07.md index 6aac7fa763..454269a7f5 100644 --- a/1sa/22/07.md +++ b/1sa/22/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards? -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. AT: "The son of Jesse will not give you fields or vineyards." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Will the son of Jesse give -* **Will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards** - "David will not give you fields or vineyards." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will he make you all captains of thousands and captains of hundreds, in exchange for all of you plotting against me?** - AT: "he will not make you generals or captains of the army as a reward for supporting him against me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **captain** - "military officer leading soldiers or troops" -* **to lie in hiding** - AT: "to hide" or "to be in hiding" +The time when he will give can be made explicit. AT: "When the son of Jesse becomes king, will he give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the son of Jesse + +"David" + +# Will he make you all captains ... me? + +Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. AT: "He will not make you captains ... against me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will he make you all captains + +You may need to make explicit when he will make them captains. AT: "When he becomes king, will he make you all captains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# captains of thousands and captains of hundreds + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. AT: "captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions" See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/09.md b/1sa/22/09.md index f5fca4b253..abdc565d39 100644 --- a/1sa/22/09.md +++ b/1sa/22/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Doeg the Edomite -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:goliath]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +man's name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Nob ... Ahimelech -* **Ahitub** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +place name and man's name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ahitub + +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He prayed to Yahweh that he might help him, and he gave him + +Ahitub prayed to Yahweh that Yahweh might help David, and Ahitub gave David \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/11.md b/1sa/22/11.md index fa1a78f05e..a617f082f3 100644 --- a/1sa/22/11.md +++ b/1sa/22/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in that you have given -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"by giving" -## translationNotes +# rise up -* **in that you have given** - "by giving" -* **rise up** - "rebel" or "fight against" +"rebel" or "fight" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/14.md b/1sa/22/14.md index 3f48be8de5..f9fa0e3d3c 100644 --- a/1sa/22/14.md +++ b/1sa/22/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Who among all your servants is so faithful as David ... house? -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "None of your servants is as faithful as David ... house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# bodyguard -* **Who among all your servants is so faithful as David** - "None of your servants is as faithful as David (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **bodyguard** - a person of group of people who protect someone -* **Is today the first time I have prayed to God to help him?** - Ahimelech asks himself this question before Saul can ask it, then immediately answers it. AT: "This is not the first time I have prayed to God to help David." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Far be it from me!** - "Absolutely not!" [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +a person or group of people who protect someone + +# is honored in your house + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. This can be translated in active form. AT: "whom your family honors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Is today the first time I have prayed to God to help him? + +Ahimelech asks himself this question before Saul can ask it, then immediately answers it. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is not the first time I have prayed to God to help David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Far be it from me! + +This idiom means "Absolutely not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do not let the king impute anything to his servant or to all the house of my father. For your servant knows nothing + +Ahimelech speaks of himself in the third person as the "servant." Ahimelech also refers to Saul in the third person as "the king." Ahimelech speaks this way to show respect to Saul. AT: "Please, King Saul, do not consider me, your servant, or anyone in the house of my father to be guilty. For I know nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# impute + +to consider someone guilty + +# to all the house of my father + +Here "house" represents "family." AT: "to all my father's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/16.md b/1sa/22/16.md index f34b5b50ba..513b2b7603 100644 --- a/1sa/22/16.md +++ b/1sa/22/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# your father's house -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. AT: "your father's family" or "your father's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the guard that stood around him -* **the guard that stood around him** - "the military men standing nearby to protect him" -* **their hand also is with David** - AT: "they plot with David against me" or "they are loyal to David" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **would not put out their hand to kill the priests** - This means they refused to obey Saul. AT: "did not move to kill the priests" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"the soldiers standing nearby to protect him" + +# Turn and kill + +Here "Turn" means to turn around or turn away from the king. AT: "Go and kill" or "Kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# their hand also is with David + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the work done with the hand. AT: "they also help David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# would not put out their hand to kill + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the work done with the hand. AT: "did not do anything to kill" or "refused to kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/18.md b/1sa/22/18.md index ab58920ec5..1fe3146312 100644 --- a/1sa/22/18.md +++ b/1sa/22/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Turn and kill the priests ... turned and attacked the priests -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Here "Turn" means to turn around or turn away from the king. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 22:17](./16.md). AT: "Go and kill the priests ... went and attacked" or "Kill the priest ... attacked the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Doeg the Edomite turned and attacked ... he killed ... He also put to the sword ... he put to the sword -* **eighty-five persons** - five persons** - "85 people" or "85 priests" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **With the edge of the sword** - "With a sword" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **he attacked Nob** - AT: "he killed many people in the city of Nob" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or 2) the word "Doeg" is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. AT: "Doeg and his men turned and attacked ... they killed ... They put to the sword ... they put to the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# eighty-five persons + +"85 men" or "85 priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# put to the sword + +"killed with the sword" + +# Nob + +Nob is the name of a city. Here the name "Nob" represents the people of that city. AT: "the people in the city of Nob" or "the people of Nob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/20.md b/1sa/22/20.md index ce6c5e87d4..5ffd2f99af 100644 --- a/1sa/22/20.md +++ b/1sa/22/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Abiathar -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/22.md b/1sa/22/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index d404e7b751..0000000000 --- a/1sa/22/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] - -## translationNotes - -* **I have occasioned the death of all the persons in your father's house** - AT: "I caused the deaths of all the people in your father's house" or "it is my fault that your father and all of his family have been killed." (UDB) diff --git a/1sa/22/intro.md b/1sa/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a50846a500 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 1 Samuel 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +There are two stories in this chapter: David gathering a group of followers and Saul having all the priests and their families killed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David assembles a force of unhappy people ##### +David hides in the wilderness, and people in trouble come to him. Soon he has a force of 500 men. The prophet then tells him to leave the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +##### Saul and the chief priest's family ##### +Doeg tells Saul that Ahimelech the priest gave David food and a sword and prayed for him. Saul accuses the priests of encouraging David to rebel. This is a serious accusation because the priests are God's representatives and are rebelling against God's king if the accusation is true. Saul has the priests and all their families killed except those who escape to David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/01.md b/1sa/23/01.md index fa61edaa89..52929df9b8 100644 --- a/1sa/23/01.md +++ b/1sa/23/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# fighting against Keilah -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Keilah" is the name of a town. Here "Keilah" represents the people who live there. AT: "fighting against the people of Keilah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# threshing -* **threshing** - separating the grain or seeds, generally from a cereal plant or wheat by some mechanical means +separating the grain or seeds, generally from a cereal plant or wheat by some mechanical means \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/03.md b/1sa/23/03.md index e95f6be0de..be78d61a00 100644 --- a/1sa/23/03.md +++ b/1sa/23/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# How much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines? -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] - -## translationNotes - -* **How much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?** - AT: "We will be even more fearful if we go to Keilah to fight the armies of the Philistines." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We will be even more fearful if we go to Keilah to fight the armies of the Philistines." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/05.md b/1sa/23/05.md index ba7112ce40..c8153e47de 100644 --- a/1sa/23/05.md +++ b/1sa/23/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# went ... fought ... led ... struck ... saved -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +The writer pays the most attention to David, so these words are all singular, though David's men helped him do all these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Ahimelech -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/07.md b/1sa/23/07.md index dcd4cd56cc..d1e7d723ad 100644 --- a/1sa/23/07.md +++ b/1sa/23/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Saul was told -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone told Saul" or "They told Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# summoned -* ** summoned** - "called for" or "assembled" +"called for" or "assembled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/10.md b/1sa/23/10.md index 649c0ae7af..07ec3f1c8b 100644 --- a/1sa/23/10.md +++ b/1sa/23/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# David said -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"David asked" or "David prayed" -## translationNotes +# your servant has indeed heard ... as your servant has heard ... tell your servant -* **David said** - "David asked" or "David prayed" (UDB) -* **destroy** - "defeat completely" +David speaks as if he were someone else to show his respect for Yahweh. AT: "I have indeed heard ... as I have heard ... tell me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# surrender me into his hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "give me over to Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# destroy + +"defeat completely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/12.md b/1sa/23/12.md index 44fbfe6732..365ca21188 100644 --- a/1sa/23/12.md +++ b/1sa/23/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# David said -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +or "David asked" or "David prayed" -## translationNotes +# surrender me and my men into the hand of Saul -* **David said** - or "David asked" or "David prayed" (UDB) -* **the men of Keilah surrender me...into the hand of Saul** - The men of Keilah will either actively capture David then deliver him to Saul, or passively create the situation that allowed Saul's men to capture David. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "give me and my men over to Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/13.md b/1sa/23/13.md index e3b2059c5f..ff700c7f0a 100644 --- a/1sa/23/13.md +++ b/1sa/23/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# six hundred -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +"600" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# It was told Saul -* **six hundred** - 600 (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **had escaped** - "had run away from" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone told Saul" or "They told Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# had escaped + +"had run away from" + +# wilderness of Ziph + +This is the name of a deserted area near the city of Ziph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# did not give him into his hand + +The word "hand" is a metonymy for power. AT: "did not allow Saul to have power over David" or "did not allow Saul to do as he desired with David" or "did not allow Saul to capture David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/15.md b/1sa/23/15.md index effdac8dd5..25bcaad2e6 100644 --- a/1sa/23/15.md +++ b/1sa/23/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# seek his life -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +This is an idiom. AT: "try to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Horesh -* **strengthened his hand in God** - Encouraged him to trust in God. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is the name of city near Ziph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# strengthened his hand in God + +This is an idiom. AT "encouraged him to trust in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/17.md b/1sa/23/17.md index 4769d810e2..0af75982fc 100644 --- a/1sa/23/17.md +++ b/1sa/23/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# For the hand of Saul my father will not find you -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] - -## translationNotes - -* **For the hand of Saul my father will not find you** - "for Saul will not find you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "hand" is a metonym for Saul and his power. AT: "For Saul my father will not find you" or "For Saul my father will never be able to have power over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/19.md b/1sa/23/19.md index 497e48dd24..126ad15e37 100644 --- a/1sa/23/19.md +++ b/1sa/23/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Ziphites -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +This is the name of the people group from Ziph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Is not David hiding among us in ... Jeshimon? -* **Is not David hiding among us in the strongholds at Horesh...?** - AT: "David is hiding among us in the strongholds at Horesh...." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as an exclamation. AT: "David is hiding among us in ... Jeshimon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the hill of Hakilah + +This is the name of a hill in the wilderness of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeshimon + +This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as "the Judean Wilderness" or "the wasteland." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# surrender him into the king's hand + +The word "hand" is a metonym for power. The Ziphites speak to Saul as if he were another man to show him that they respect him. AT: "give David to you so you can do whatever you desire with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/21.md b/1sa/23/21.md index b556b77921..44a6417f28 100644 --- a/1sa/23/21.md +++ b/1sa/23/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# May you be blessed by Yahweh -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I hope that Yahweh blesses you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# you have had compassion on me -* **who has seen him ** - "who saw him" +The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with the adjective "kind." Saul says this because they had told him about David and they were willing to help Saul capture David. AT: "you have been kind to me" or "you have kindly told this to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Learn and find out + +These two words mean almost the same thing and can be translated as one phrase. AT: "Know for sure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# who has seen him + +"who saw him" + +# It is told to me + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "People tell me" or "I have heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# among all the thousands of Judah + +This is an idiom. AT: "even if I have to arrest every man in Judah" or "among all the clans of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/24.md b/1sa/23/24.md index 22ba37ad36..ed3481f903 100644 --- a/1sa/23/24.md +++ b/1sa/23/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Then they rose up -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +They stopped what they had been doing. The reader should not believe that they were sitting or lying. -## translationNotes +# Then they -* **rocky hill** - a hill covered with many rocks or boulders +"Then the Ziphites" + +# Ziph + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:14](./13.md). + +# Jeshimon + +This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as "the Judean Wilderness" or "the wasteland." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:19](./19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# David was told of it + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone told David that they were coming" or "David learned that they were coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# rocky hill + +a hill covered with many rocks or boulders + +# the wilderness of Maon + +This is the name of the deserted area around the city of Maon in southern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/26.md b/1sa/23/26.md index 32c95251f4..61f2b6640e 100644 --- a/1sa/23/26.md +++ b/1sa/23/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Hurry and come -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +The words "hurry" and "come" can be combined into one idea. AT: "Come quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/28.md b/1sa/23/28.md index 8039831bea..f61845e606 100644 --- a/1sa/23/28.md +++ b/1sa/23/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# pursuing -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +"chasing" or "following in order to catch" -## translationNotes +# Rock of Escape -* **pursuing** - "chasing" or "following in order to catch" -* **Rock of Escape** - A memorial or marker of David's escape from Saul. +a memorial or marker of David's escape from Saul \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/intro.md b/1sa/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bed5435054 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Samuel 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Saul chases David ##### +Saul wants to kill David, but David trusts in God who keeps rescuing him. David rescues the town of Keilah from the Philistines who are stealing their harvest. Saul goes to Keilah to capture David, but David flees to the wilderness near Ziph. When David goes deeper into the wilderness, Saul follows but he has to leave to fight the Philistines who have invaded the land. Saul's pursuit of David shows that Saul cares more about killing his enemies than pleasing God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +== Synecdoche== +Jonathan strengthens David with a synecdoche: "For the hand of Saul my father will not find you." This helps to strengthen David's faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/01.md b/1sa/24/01.md index 8da99b1406..faaebe0180 100644 --- a/1sa/24/01.md +++ b/1sa/24/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he was told -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone told him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# wilderness of Engedi -* **three thousand** - 3,000 (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **wilderness of Engedi** - Engedi is an oasis located in Israel west of the Dead Sea. +Engedi is a place in Israel west of the Dead Sea where there is water with dry land all around it. + +# three thousand + +3,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# chosen men + +men whom he had chosen because of their superior military abilities \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/03.md b/1sa/24/03.md index c7a59aef85..712a1c9072 100644 --- a/1sa/24/03.md +++ b/1sa/24/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# sheep pens -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"sheep corrals" or "sheep enclosures" -## translationNotes +# cover his feet -* **sheep pens** - "sheep corrals" or "sheep enclosures" -* **relieve himself** - "relieve himself" is a euphemism to urinate or to defecate. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **cave** - generally a natural hole underground, often with an opening in the side of a hill or cliff. -* **crept** - approached slowly, carefully or quietly. +This is a euphemism for "relieve himself" or "defecate" or "empty his intestines." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# cave + +generally a natural hole under the ground, often with an opening in the side of a hill or cliff + +# David arose and quietly crept + +The word "arose" is an idiom for taking action. AT: "David took action; he quietly crept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# crept + +approached slowly, carefully or quietly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/05.md b/1sa/24/05.md index b8c0d875c8..88e3777246 100644 --- a/1sa/24/05.md +++ b/1sa/24/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# David's heart afflicted him -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom. AT: "David was sad because he had done something wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh's anointed -* **David’s heart afflicted him** - David had a deep respect for Saul as Yahweh's anointed one and as king of Israel. -* **to put out my hand against him** - Since Saul was God's anointed one and chosen one to be king, David feared God's wrath on him if he harmed Saul. +"the one whom Yahweh has chosen to lead his people" or "the one Yahweh has made king" + +# to put out my hand against him + +The hand is a metonym for the ability to cause harm. AT: "to harm him in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/08.md b/1sa/24/08.md index c7a803dad1..5a23bf86b7 100644 --- a/1sa/24/08.md +++ b/1sa/24/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do you listen to the men who say, 'See, David is seeking your harm? -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] - -## translationNotes - -* **and did respect to him** - "to display respect for Saul" -* **Why do you listen to the words of someone who says, 'See, David seeks to harm you?** - A rhetorical question containing the desired response. AT: "You should not listen to someone who says, 'See, David is seeking to harm you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not listen to the men who say, 'See, David is seeking to harm you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/10.md b/1sa/24/10.md index ce549d1e6b..3ad8442b7b 100644 --- a/1sa/24/10.md +++ b/1sa/24/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your eyes have seen -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "your eyes" represent King Saul. AT: "you have seen with your own eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# put you into my hand -* **your eyes have seen** - "Your eyes" represent King Saul. AT: "you have become aware" or "you have learned." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **put you into my hand** - to put Saul in the control of David to kill or spare his life. -* **for he is Yahweh's anointed** - David fears Yahweh's respond regarding David's behavior towards King Saul. +The word "hand" is a metonym for control. AT: "put you where I could kill you or allow you to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my father + +Saul was not David's real father. David calls him "father" to show that he respects Saul. + +# there is no evil or treason in my hand + +David speaks as if evil and treason were physical objects he could hold in his hand. Here "hand" represents a person acting or doing something. AT: "I have done no evil deed against you, nor have I rebelled against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/12.md b/1sa/24/12.md index 0502ec8e0a..e4ccff758d 100644 --- a/1sa/24/12.md +++ b/1sa/24/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# my hand shall not be against you -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The hand is a metonym for the ability to cause harm. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 24:6](./05.md). AT: "I will not harm you in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# ancients -* **ancients** - "revered ancestors" or "elders" -* **Yahweh avenge me against you, but my hand shall not be against you.** - David calls on Yahweh to judge between him and Saul. David also states he will not fight against King Saul. +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "people who lived long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/14.md b/1sa/24/14.md index aa30def798..bf09a59c83 100644 --- a/1sa/24/14.md +++ b/1sa/24/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# After whom has the king of Israel come out? After whom do you pursue? -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. When David asks the questions, he knows that he will answer the questions himself. AT: "Let me tell you who the king of Israel has come out after. Let me tell you who it is that you are pursuing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# After a dead dog -* **After whom has the king of Israel come out?** - AT: "The king does not need to come out after anyone." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **After whom do you pursue?** - AT: "You do not need to pursue anyone." This comment repeats the meaning of the previous comment, creating a doublet for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **After a dead dog!** - "After a powerless person!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **After a flea!** - "After an insignificant person!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The words "dead dog" are a metaphor for a powerless person. This sentence can be made complete. AT: "You are pursuing a person who is as powerless as a dead dog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# After a flea + +The word "flea" is a metaphor for a person whom others do not consider important. AT: "You are pursuing a person who is as unimportant as a flea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# see to it, and plead my cause + +Possible meanings are 1) "do what is right, and plead my cause" or 2) "see that my cause is right and fight for me." + +# from your hand + +The word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "so that you have no power over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/16.md b/1sa/24/16.md index 1ee430e207..1a78bed581 100644 --- a/1sa/24/16.md +++ b/1sa/24/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# my son David -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Saul speaks as if David were his son to show David that he loves him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# lifted up his voice and wept -* **my son David** - Saul, for this moment, ceases to be controlled by an evil spirit, has clarity of mind, and comes to see David as his loyal son again. -* **Saul lifted up his voice and wept** - Saul is sorry for all the harm he has sought to do to David while under the influence of the evil spirit. +The writer writes as if a voice were something a person could lift up with his hands. AT: "wept loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/17.md b/1sa/24/17.md index 9dd4391d0c..7437824084 100644 --- a/1sa/24/17.md +++ b/1sa/24/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# you have done good to me -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Saul acknowledges that David did show that he supported King Saul and was loyal to him by not killing him. -## translationNotes +# for you did not kill me when Yahweh had put me at your mercy -* **you have done good to me** - Saul acknowledges that David did demonstrate his support and loyalty to King Saul by not killing him. -* **for you did not kill me when Yahweh had put me at your mercy** - Saul acknowledges that David choose to show mercy and demonstrated his loyalty to King Saul as Yahweh's anointed. +Saul acknowledges that David chose to show mercy and demonstrated his loyalty to King Saul as Yahweh's anointed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/19.md b/1sa/24/19.md index fe30489dd0..ad94304d75 100644 --- a/1sa/24/19.md +++ b/1sa/24/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +A rhetorical question with the answer included in the question. AT: "For if a man finds his enemy, he will not let him go safely." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? -* **For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely?** - A rhetorical question with the answer included in the question. AT " If a man finds his enemy, he will not let him go safely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely?** - Where Saul had believed David was his enemy, comes to realize that even though David will be King, David will not usurp the throne from Saul, but will wait for Yahweh's appointed time. -* **the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand** - AT: "you will rule over the whole kingdom of Israel". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Where Saul had believed David was his enemy, he learns that even though David will be king, David will not take over the throne from Saul by force, but will wait for Yahweh's appointed time. + +# the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) David will cause the kingdom of Israel to prosper through his power as king. AT: "the kingdom of Israel will prosper as you rule the Israelite people" or 2) Yahweh will cause David to have complete control over the kingdom of Israel. AT: "you will have complete rule over the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in your hand + +The word "hand" is a metonym that represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/21.md b/1sa/24/21.md index f3a08b6ac4..b2f4cee4d6 100644 --- a/1sa/24/21.md +++ b/1sa/24/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you will not cut off my descendants after me -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"you will not kill my sons and their families." It was common for a new king who was not from the previous family line to kill off all the children of the former king to prevent any of them from challenging him for the throne. -## translationNotes +# you will not destroy my name out of my father's house -* ** you will not cut off my descendants** - It was common for a new king who was not from the previous family line to kill off all the children of the former king to prevent any of them from challenging him for the throne. -* **you will not destroy my name** - It is important for each family in Israel have descendants from generation to generation carrying on the family name and land inheritance. AT: "you will not destroy my family and descendants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **David and his men** - "David and his army" +It is important for each family in Israel to have descendants from generation to generation carrying on the family name and land inheritance. AT: "you will not destroy my family and descendants" or "you will allow my family to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# David and his men + +"David and his army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/intro.md b/1sa/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99557ca0ca --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Samuel 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +Even though Saul tries again and again to kill David, David does not avenge himself on Saul because God had chosen Saul as king. This is meant to contrast with Saul's treatment of David, the future king. Saul represents the king the people wanted, a selfish man. David is the king God wanted, a godly man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/01.md b/1sa/25/01.md index 3b36813859..dc3c57e094 100644 --- a/1sa/25/01.md +++ b/1sa/25/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# All Israel gathered together and mourned for him -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:paran]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] +This is likely a generalization. A large number of the people of Israel were probably there, but some were probably unable to attend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# gathered together -* **gathered together** - "met together" -* **buried him in his house at Ramah** - Possible meanings are 1) Samuel was buried in his home town of Ramah or 2) Samuel was buried on his land but not physically in his house in Ramah or 3) Samuel was buried in his house at Ramah. -* ** Then David rose** - An expression for David taking action. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"met together" + +# buried him in his house at Ramah + +Possible meanings are that they buried Samuel 1) in his home town of Ramah or 2) on his family's land in Ramah but not physically in the house or 3) in his house in Ramah. + +# David rose and went down + +"David and his men moved on and they went down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/02.md b/1sa/25/02.md index ffbd1a5c9f..8df5ead824 100644 --- a/1sa/25/02.md +++ b/1sa/25/02.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# There was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel. The man was very wealthy. He had three thousand sheep and one thousand goats. He was shearing his sheep in Carmel. The man's name was Nabal, and the name of his wife was Abigail. The woman was intelligent and beautiful in appearance. But the man was harsh and evil in his dealings. He was a descendant of the house of Caleb. -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Some translators may need to put the ideas in these verses in a different order. AT: "There was a man whose name was Nabal, a descendant of the house of Caleb, who was very wealthy. He lived in Maon, but his possessions were in Carmel. He had three thousand sheep and one thousand goats. The man was harsh and evil in his dealings. The name of his wife was Abigail. The woman was intelligent and beautiful in appearance. Now he was shearing his sheep in Carmel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# Maon -* **Maon** - a region of Land that was captured by Caleb when Israel took possession of the land. -* **three thousand** - 3000 (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **one thousand** - 1000 -* **shearing his sheep** - "shaving the wool off his sheep." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Carmel + +This is the name of a town. This is different from Mount Carmel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# three thousand + +3,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one thousand + +1,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# shearing his sheep + +"shaving the wool off his sheep" + +# Nabal + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abigail + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He was a descendant of the house of Caleb + +Here "house" represents family. AT: "He was a descendant of the family of Caleb" or "He was a descendant of Caleb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/04.md b/1sa/25/04.md index 85f9177eb1..db7c008eb9 100644 --- a/1sa/25/04.md +++ b/1sa/25/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# shearing his sheep -* [[en:tw:Life]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +"shaving the wool off his sheep" -## translationNotes +# greet him in my name -* **shearing his sheep** - AT: "shaving the wool off his sheep". See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] -* **greet him in my name** - AT: "greet him as my ambassador". -* **Live in prosperity** - AT: "I desire that you may live in prosperity" -* **Peace to you and peace to your house, and peace be to all that you have** - AT: "I desire that peace may come to you, your household and your possessions" +"greet him as I would greet him if I were there" + +# Live in prosperity + +"I desire that you may live in prosperity." The abstract noun "prosperity" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I desire that you possess many good things as long as you live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Peace to you and peace to your house, and peace be to all that you have + +"I desire that peace may come to you, your household and your possessions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/07.md b/1sa/25/07.md index 2029d7be37..41a4cbf1b3 100644 --- a/1sa/25/07.md +++ b/1sa/25/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# you have shearers -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +"your shearers are working" or "your shearers have sheep to shear." David wants his men to speak so that Nabal understands that his sheep were well because David's men helped guard them. -## translationNotes +# we did them no harm, and they missed nothing -* **we did them no harm, and they missed nothing** - David is pointing out how he and his men offered protection to Nabal's servants and flocks. -* **let my young men find favor in your eyes** - "let your grace be visible to my young men" or "I ask you to please be kind to us" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a festive day** - "a day of celebration." English word order allows this phrase to move to either the beginning or end of the sentence. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_order]]) -* **to your servants** - David was expressing respect toward Nabal by calling his men Nabal's servants. -* **your son David** - David was expressing respect and submission toward Nabal as if he were Nabal's son. +David is pointing out how he and his men offered protection to Nabal's servants and flocks. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "we kept them and all their property from harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# let my young men find favor in your eyes + +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "may you be pleased with my young men" or "may you consider my young men favorably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to your servants + +David was expressing respect toward Nabal by calling his men Nabal's servants. + +# your son David + +David spoke as if he were Nabal's son to show that he respected Nabal, who was an older man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/09.md b/1sa/25/09.md index bb85fd6560..4144b450c2 100644 --- a/1sa/25/09.md +++ b/1sa/25/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# David's young men -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"David's army" -## translationNotes +# said all of this to Nabal on David's behalf -* **David's young men** - "David's army" -* **Who is David? And who is the son of Jesse?** - These rhetorical questions show that Nabal considers David an unknown or unimportant person. Also, since David was fleeing Saul, Nabal thinks David might be a slave fleeing from his master. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]],[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **my bread** - any kind of food (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **men who come from I do not know where** - AT: "men whom I do not know" +"gave Nabal David's complete message" + +# Who is David, and who is the son of Jesse? + +Nabal probably knew who David was, but he did not want to help David. (See: [1 Samuel 18:6-7](../18/06.md)). The words "servants ... breaking away from their masters" in verse 10 probably refer to David breaking away from Saul. These two rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. AT: "This David son of Jesse you speak of—I do not know him." or "I do not know who this David is, so I will not do as he says. I do not know who Jesse is, so I do not care what happens to his son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# breaking away from + +"running away from" or "rebelling against" + +# my bread + +Here "bread" is an idiom for any kind of food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# men who come from I do not know where + +"men when I do not know where they have come from" or "men whom I do not know" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/12.md b/1sa/25/12.md index 4f72046a59..b27f6ecdca 100644 --- a/1sa/25/12.md +++ b/1sa/25/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# that was said -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Nabal had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# said to his men -* **said to his men** - AT: "said to his army." -* **four hundred** - 400 (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **two hundred** - 200 -* **stayed by the baggage** - Remained at their base camp to prevent other raiders from stealing their possessions. +"said to his army" + +# "Every man strap on his sword." So every man strapped on his sword. David also strapped on his sword + +If swords are not known in your language, you can treat "strap on his sword" as a metonymy meaning to prepare for war. AT: "'Every man, prepare for war.' And every man prepared for war. David also prepared for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# four hundred + +400 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two hundred + +200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# stayed by the baggage + +They remained at their base camp to prevent other raiders from stealing their possessions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/14.md b/1sa/25/14.md index 10560b91f2..ad0122241e 100644 --- a/1sa/25/14.md +++ b/1sa/25/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] +You may need to make explicit what the young man did before he spoke with Abigail. AT: "One of Nabal's servants found out what David and his men were planning to do, so he went to Nabal's wife Abigail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# We were not harmed -* **harm** - physical or mental injury or damage -* **and did not miss anything as long as we went with them** - David's men kept wild animals and other people from stealing Nabal's flocks. AT: "we did not lose anything when we were with them." +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Nobody harmed us" or "We were safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# did not miss anything as long as we went with them + +"we did not lose anything when we were with them." David's men kept wild animals and other people from stealing Nabal's flocks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/16.md b/1sa/25/16.md index 771b4db926..4697d96cf5 100644 --- a/1sa/25/16.md +++ b/1sa/25/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They were a wall -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +David's men were like a wall around a city that protects the people in the city from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# evil is plotted against our master -* **They were a wall** - David's men were like a wall around a city that protects the people in the city from their enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The speaker is careful not to name the one plotting the evil. This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone is plotting to do evil things to our master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# our master + +The speaker speaks of David as if David were another person to show that he respects David. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/18.md b/1sa/25/18.md index 9b1c88fdf2..717c96ada9 100644 --- a/1sa/25/18.md +++ b/1sa/25/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# two hundred -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:grape|raisin]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# loaves -* **two hundred** - 200 (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate: translate_numbers]]) -* **loaves of bread** - a loaf of bread is like a cake of bread (See: [[:en:obe:other:bread]]) -* **two skins of wine** - wine could be carried in a container made of animal skins, often from the skins of goats -* **prepared** - "cooked" or "ready for someone to cook" -* **measure** - (See: [[:en:obe:other: biblicalvolume]]) -* **parched grain** - "cooked grain" -* **clusters of raisins** - "cakes of raisins" or "masses of raisins" +A loaf is like a cake. You may need to make explicit what the loaves consisted of. AT: "loaves of bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# already prepared + +"that someone had already cooked" or "ready for someone to cook" + +# measures + +This is a generic term as none is given. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# parched grain + +"grain that someone had cooked" + +# clusters of raisins + +"cakes of raisins" or "masses of raisins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/20.md b/1sa/25/20.md index 10e71faee1..fbfcbe3bfe 100644 --- a/1sa/25/20.md +++ b/1sa/25/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# David and his men -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] +"David and his army" -## translationNotes +# by the cover of the mountain -* **David and his men** - "David and his army" +Possible meanings are 1) into a low, narrow stream bed or 2) to where the men were hiding. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/21.md b/1sa/25/21.md index a1585d9bcd..e46c27eafd 100644 --- a/1sa/25/21.md +++ b/1sa/25/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] +The writer gives background information before he continues with the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Now David had said, "Surely ... to him." -* Change in narrative to David getting ready to attack Nabal. -* **Now David** - "Now" marks a change in the narrative from Abigail back to David. -* **May God do so to me, David** - The Hebrew text has "May God strike the enemies of David," and some versions follow this. However, the reading of the ULB follows the main Greek tradition of the Old Testament, as some other modern versions do. -* **belonged to** - "was owned by" -* **male** - Male, not female. +The reader needs to understand that David had said these things before he said, "Every man strap on his sword" in [1 Samuel 25:13](./12.md). + +# Now David + +The word "Now" shows that the writer has stopped writing about Abigail and started writing about David. + +# nothing was missed of all that belonged to him + +This can be stated positively and in active form. AT: "he still has everything that was his" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May God do so to me, David + +The Hebrew text has "May God strike the enemies of David," and some versions follow this. However, the reading of the ULB follows the main Greek tradition of the Old Testament, as some other modern versions do. + +# all who belong + +"all the people who belong to him" or "those in his family" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/23.md b/1sa/25/23.md index b4842fbb3a..a8d7da434a 100644 --- a/1sa/25/23.md +++ b/1sa/25/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The writer has finished giving background information, so he continues the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# lay before David facedown and bowed herself to the ground -* Abigail seeks to pacify David's lust for revenge. -* **lay before David facedown and bowed herself to the ground** - This was an act of humility and submission to David as being a powerful leader. -* **listen to** - "hear" -* **your servant** - Abigail's use of "servant" establishes her inferior, respectful relationship with David. +Abigail was being humble and showing that she would obey David because he was a powerful leader. + +# listen to + +"hear" + +# my master ... your servant ... words of your servant + +"you ... my words." Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/25.md b/1sa/25/25.md index 736f2482cb..7c99c09772 100644 --- a/1sa/25/25.md +++ b/1sa/25/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:worthy|worthless]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Abigail continues to advise David not to take revenge. -## translationNotes +# Let not my master regard ... I your servant ... the young men of my master ... my master ... my master -* Abigail continues to counsel David from taking revenge -* **worthless fellow, Nabal** - Nabal was a man without honor or respect. -* **But I...did not see...whom you sent** - Abagail explains that she was not aware of David's men. Implying that she would not have sent them away empty handed. -* ** Yahweh has restrained you from bloodshed, and from avenging yourself with your own hand** - "Bloodshed" and "avenging yourself with your own hand" are similar. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **let your enemies, and those who seek to do evil to my lord** - "your enemies" and "those who seek to do evil" express the same concept. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. AT: "Do not regard ... I ... your young men ... my master ... you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# But I ... did not see ... whom you sent + +You may need to make explicit what Abigail would have done. AT: "But if I ... had seen ... whom you sent, I would have given them food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bloodshed + +murder + +# avenging yourself with your own hand + +The hand is a metonym for what a person does with the hand. Abigail assumes that David should allow Yahweh to take vengeance for him. AT: "taking vengeance yourself instead of letting Yahweh do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let your enemies ... be like Nabal + +Abigail speaks as if Yahweh has already punished Nabal. AT: "I hope that Yahweh will punish your enemies ... as he will punish Nabal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/27.md b/1sa/25/27.md index 2e9b5444fa..0a84c5e662 100644 --- a/1sa/25/27.md +++ b/1sa/25/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Abigail continues to tell David not to be angry. -## translationNotes +# this present -* Abigail continues pacify David's anger. -* **make my lord a sure house** - AT: "make David's family a leading or ruling family in Israel" or AT: "reward you by allowing many of your descendants to become kings of Israel" (UDB) -* **my lord is fighting the battles of Yahweh** - Abigail knew and understood that David's raiding parties were against Israel's enemies. +"these gifts." The "present" was actually many different things. + +# your servant ... my master ... my master ... the trespass of your servant ... my master ... my master + +Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. AT: "I ... you ... you ... my trespass ... you ... you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# let this present ... be given to the young men + +Abigail uses the passive to show her respect for David. This can be translated in active form. AT: "please give it to the young men" or "please let my master give it to the young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh will certainly make my master a sure house + +Here "house" is an idiom used for "descendants." AT: "Yahweh will ensure that my master always has a descendant who serves as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# fighting the battles of Yahweh + +"fighting against Yahweh's enemies" + +# evil will not be found in you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one will ever see you do any evil thing" or "you will never do anything evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/29.md b/1sa/25/29.md index 99b5bd24c6..3dc12eead8 100644 --- a/1sa/25/29.md +++ b/1sa/25/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# pursue -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"chase" or "hunt" -## translationNotes +# the life of my master will be bound in the bundle of the living by Yahweh your God -* **pursue** - "chase" or "hunt" -* **will be bound in the bundle of the living by Yahweh your God** - David's life is tied together with Yahweh. One can not separate David's life from the life found in Yahweh. -* **bundle** - As a collection of things bound together. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a sling** - a "sling" consists of a small pouch with two long strips of leather or string attached. A rock placed in the pouch could be spun and released at great speed toward a target. +Abigail speaks of David's life as if it were a long and thin object that a person could put with other long and thin objects and then tie together into a bundle with a rope. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh your God will bind the life of my master in the bundle of the living" or "Yahweh your God will keep you alive with those who are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the life of my master + +Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. AT: "your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# he will sling away the lives of your enemies, as from the pocket of a sling + +Abigail speaks of David's enemies' lives as if they were small objects like a stone that could be put in a sling and shot a long distance. AT: "he will kill your enemies as easily as a man slings a stone a long distance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a sling + +a piece of animal skin with long cords at both ends in which a person can put a stone or other small, hard object and throw it a long distance \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/30.md b/1sa/25/30.md index 109a468260..3f7075eba6 100644 --- a/1sa/25/30.md +++ b/1sa/25/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Abigail continues to reason with David. -## translationNotes +# my master ... my master ... my master ... your servant -* Abigail continues to reason with David. -* **this matter will be no sorrow to you** - Abigail is stating that if David chooses to refrain from taking revenge he will have a clear conscience when Yahweh makes him king of Israel. -* **the good things which he has promised you** - That is, when Yahweh actually makes him king after Saul's reign is over. +Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. "you ... you ... you ... me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# This will not be a staggering burden for you + +Abigail is stating that if David chooses not to take revenge he will have a clear conscience when Yahweh makes him king of Israel. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "You will always be glad you acted as you did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# when Yahweh will do good for my master + +That is, when Yahweh actually makes him king after Saul's reign is over. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/32.md b/1sa/25/32.md index 883c2123f5..e5aefe4813 100644 --- a/1sa/25/32.md +++ b/1sa/25/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David accepts Abigail's counsel and gifts. -## translationNotes +# May Yahweh ... be blessed, he who -* David accepts Abigail's counsel and gifts. -* **guilt over shedding blood** - David's guilt would have included the killing of Nabal's servants who supported David's request for food before Nabal. +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "I praise Yahweh ... who" or 2) "May all people praise Yahweh ... who." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your wisdom is blessed and you are blessed, because + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I thank Yahweh because he has blessed you by making you wise and because" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bloodshed + +murder. The same word appears in [1 Samuel 25:26](./25.md). + +# with my own hand + +The word "hand" here is a metonym for the action taken by the hand. AT: "by my own actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/34.md b/1sa/25/34.md index a897a196d8..ead6ce961e 100644 --- a/1sa/25/34.md +++ b/1sa/25/34.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|truth]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David accepts Abigail's gifts and agrees to do as she has advised him. -## translationNotes +# there would certainly have not been left to Nabal so much as one male baby -* David accepts Abigail's gifts and counsel. -* **as one male baby** - every male would have been killed from the oldest to the youngest. -* **received from her hand** - an expression for David accepting all the gifts that Abigail brought with her. It is unlikely that Abigail unloaded all the donkeys herself and handed all the food to David personally. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I would not have left to Nabal even one male baby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# received from her hand + +This is an idiom. Abigail did not unload all gifts from the donkeys herself. AT: "accepted all the gifts that she had brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have listened to your voice + +The word "voice" is a metonym for the message the person speaks and a synecdoche for the person who speaks. AT: "have listened to what you have told me" or "will do as you have advised me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/36.md b/1sa/25/36.md index ce0a0b170a..2ba97822ad 100644 --- a/1sa/25/36.md +++ b/1sa/25/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# morning light -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +dawn -## translationNotes +# Nabal's heart was merry within him -* **morning light** - "dawn" - the first appearance of the sun's light in the morning.(See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **like the feast of a king** - The feast in his house is described in this manner to make the reader understand the majesty and magnificence of the feast in his house. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Nabal’s heart was merry within him** - Nabal was drunk (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Nabal was very happy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/37.md b/1sa/25/37.md index 181162d379..57bb3e1dad 100644 --- a/1sa/25/37.md +++ b/1sa/25/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh's judgment on Nabal -## translationNotes +# the wine had gone out of Nabal -* Yahweh's judgement on Nabal -* **his heart died within him** - Possible meanings are 1) Nabal had a stroke or heart attack that left him immobile or 2) Nabal became very afraid. -* **Yahweh attacked Nabal so that he died** - Yahweh caused Nabal to die. +Nabal was no longer drunk and so was no longer feeling happy. + +# his heart died within him + +Nabal was unable to move because was so afraid that he was no longer physically healthy, probably because he had suffered a stroke. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/39.md b/1sa/25/39.md index fd6e66df49..a6dd3b4e04 100644 --- a/1sa/25/39.md +++ b/1sa/25/39.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David offers to protect Abigail by marrying her. -## translationNotes +# May Yahweh be blessed -* David offers marriage protection to Abigail. +This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:32](./32.md). Possible meanings are 1) AT: "I praise Yahweh" or 2) AT: "May all people praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# has taken up the cause of my insult from the hand of Nabal + +This is an idiom. AT: "has defended me after Nabal insulted me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# has taken up the cause of my insult + +The abstract nouns "cause" and "insult" can be translated as verbs. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me" or 2) AT: "has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# has kept back his servant from evil + +David speaks as if he were another person to show his respect for Yahweh. AT: "has kept me back from doing evil deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# has turned Nabal's evil action back on his own head + +The abstract noun "action" can be translated as a verb. AT: "has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# on his own head + +The head is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# sent and spoke to Abigail, to take her to himself as wife + +You may make clear the understood information. AT: "sent men to speak to Abigail and tell her that David wanted to take her to be his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/41.md b/1sa/25/41.md index 2783d91581..69adff5403 100644 --- a/1sa/25/41.md +++ b/1sa/25/41.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# She arose, bowed herself -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Abigail responded by bowing. The reader should understand that she was probably already standing when the men were talking to her in [1 Samuel 25:40](./39.md), and so the word "arose" is a metonym for deciding to bow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# See, your female servant is a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my master -* **She arose, bowed herself...** - Abigail responded by bowing -* **See, your female servant is a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord** - Abigail humbles herself as David's new wife by offering to wash the feet of David's servants. +Abigail speaks as if she were another person to show that she is humble. She shows that she desires to be David's new wife by offering to wash the feet of David's servants. AT: "See, I will serve you, the servants of my master David, by washing your feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# hurried and arose, and rode + +You may need to make explicit what Abigail did after she arose and before she rode. AT: "quickly did what she needed to do to prepare for the journey, and then she rode" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# five servant girls of hers who followed her + +Abigail was riding a donkey, but the servant girls were walking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/43.md b/1sa/25/43.md index c1831c0e0a..95e089f9f6 100644 --- a/1sa/25/43.md +++ b/1sa/25/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now David had also taken Ahinoam ... Saul had given Michal -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +These events took place before David married Abigail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Ahinoam ... Michal -* The narrative takes a short break to mention David's current wives. -* **Ahinoam, Michal, Palti, Laish** - names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gallim** - a town, north of Jerusalem. +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Paltiel ... Laish + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gallim + +This is a town north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/intro.md b/1sa/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aeb522e14d --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# 1 Samuel 25 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Revenge ##### +When David decides to kill all of the men in Nabal's household, Abigail convinces David not to avenge himself but to leave revenge to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + + + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/01.md b/1sa/26/01.md index 3c3eb1582d..03a1e62a4b 100644 --- a/1sa/26/01.md +++ b/1sa/26/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Is not David hiding ... Jeshimon? -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +This rhetorical question can be translated as an exclamation. AT: "David is hiding ... Jeshimon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# before Jeshimon -* **"Is not David hiding in the hill of Hachilah, which is before the wilderness?"** - AT: "David certainly must be hiding in the hill of Hachilah, which is near the desert." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Then Saul arose** - an idiomatic expression for "taking action." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **three thousand** - 3,000 (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"from which we can see Jeshimon" + +# Jeshimon + +This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as "the Judean Wilderness" or "the wasteland." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:19](../23/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Then Saul arose and went + +The word "arose" is an idiom for taking action. AT: "Then Saul took action and he went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# three thousand + +3,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# chosen men + +men whom he had chosen because of their superior military abilities \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/03.md b/1sa/26/03.md index b7db637ec6..028b362644 100644 --- a/1sa/26/03.md +++ b/1sa/26/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# before Jeshimon -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +"from which they could see Jeshimon" -## translationNotes +# Jeshimon -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as "the Judean Wilderness" or "the wasteland." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:19](../23/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/05.md b/1sa/26/05.md index 821d18d2c3..9979ad7974 100644 --- a/1sa/26/05.md +++ b/1sa/26/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# David arose and went -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +"David took action and he went" -## translationNotes +# Abner ... Ner -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/06.md b/1sa/26/06.md index d8aeda5aa4..2822ba71c7 100644 --- a/1sa/26/06.md +++ b/1sa/26/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Ahimelech ... Abishai -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Zeruiah -* **go down...to** - AT: "visit" - suggesting from an uphill position to a downhill location. -* **pin him to the ground with the spear** - AT: "kill with a spear" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will not strike him a second time** - AT: "The first strike will kill him and a second strike will not be necessary" (See UDB) -* **Ahimelech, Abishai, Zeruiah, Joab** - See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# go down ... to + +David and his men were probably on higher ground than Saul. + +# I! I will go down + +"I want to be the one who goes down" + +# God has put your enemy into your hand + +Abishai speaks as if the enemy were a small object that God had put into David's hand. The word "hand" is a metonym for the power the hand can wield. AT: "God has given you complete control over your enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pin him to the ground with the spear + +This is a metonym that refers to "kill with a spear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not strike him a second time + +"I will kill him the first time I strike him" or "I will not need to strike him a second time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/09.md b/1sa/26/09.md index 69154ef513..af3a5c5165 100644 --- a/1sa/26/09.md +++ b/1sa/26/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who can extend his hand against Yahweh's anointed one and be guiltless? -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "No one can strike Yahweh's anointed one and be without guilt." or "Anyone who strikes Yahweh's anointed one will be guilty of murder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# As Yahweh lives -* **who can extend his hand against Yahweh’s anointed one and be guiltless** - AT: " No-one can strike Yahweh's anointed one justly." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **As Yahweh lives** - AT: "as certainly as Yahweh lives" or "as surely as Yahweh lives" (UDB) +"as certainly as Yahweh lives" or "as surely as Yahweh lives" + +# his day will come to die + +"he will die a natural death" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/11.md b/1sa/26/11.md index 8f5425181f..8191a7e66a 100644 --- a/1sa/26/11.md +++ b/1sa/26/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# extend my hand against -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The hand is a metonym for the harm a hand can do. AT: "do anything to harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# let us go -* **and let us go** - This is an inclusive use of the pronoun "us". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **a deep sleep from Yahweh had fallen on them** - Yahweh had caused them to sleep. +David includes Abishai, so the "us" here is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# a deep sleep from Yahweh had fallen on them + +Yahweh had caused them to sleep deeply. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/13.md b/1sa/26/13.md index c73aebf930..7575b699ae 100644 --- a/1sa/26/13.md +++ b/1sa/26/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you not answer, Abner? -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +David uses a question to shame Abner into answering. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Answer me, Abner!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# shouted -* **shouted** - "spoke loudly" to be heard on the summit of the other mountain. +"spoke as loudly as he could" so Saul and his men could hear him \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/15.md b/1sa/26/15.md index d7dbc53b28..fced641be9 100644 --- a/1sa/26/15.md +++ b/1sa/26/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Are not you a courageous man? -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. AT: "You are a very brave man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Who is like you in Israel? -* **Are not you a courageous man?** - "You are a courageous man" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who is like you in Israel?** - AT: "you are the greatest man in Israel" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why then have you not kept watch over your lord the king?** - Abner was courageous yet failed in his duty to protect the king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. AT: "You are the greatest soldier in Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why then have you not kept watch over your master the king? + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or 2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. AT: "Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/17.md b/1sa/26/17.md index 8ff45f5950..a2bba0e2fe 100644 --- a/1sa/26/17.md +++ b/1sa/26/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my son -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Saul was not David's true father. Saul speaks as if he were David's father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Why does my master pursue his servant? -* **my son David** - Saul established his desired (not actual) relationship with David by using the term "son." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **What have I done? What evil is in my hand?** - This repetition of a question becomes a doublet, emphasizing the point made. AT: "Clearly, I have done nothing against you. I have no evil plans." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "My master has no reason to pursue his servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why does my master pursue his servant? + +Here David speaks of Saul in third person calling him "my master," and he speaks of himself in third person calling himself "his servant." David speaks this way to show respect to Saul. AT: "Why are you, my master, pursuing me, your servant?" or "Why are you pursuing me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# What have I done? + +Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that I have done nothing to harm you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What evil is in my hand? + +This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here "hand" represents a person acting or doing something. Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. AT: "What have I done wrong?" or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have done nothing wrong!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/19.md b/1sa/26/19.md index f316990f70..b568b23ed1 100644 --- a/1sa/26/19.md +++ b/1sa/26/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# you, let my master the king listen to the words of his servant ... the king of Israel -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|offering]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David speaks as if he and the king were other people to show respect to Saul. AT: "you my king, listen to my words ... you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# stirred you up against me -* **do not let my blood fall to the earth** - "do not kill me. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **to look for a flea** - David is to Saul as a flea is to a human being [insignificant]. Alternate Meaning: David is able to hide easily, as if he is a flee or a wild bird in the mountains. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **as when one hunts a partridge in the mountains** - Saul is chasing David as if he were hunting wild game such as a partridge. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"caused you to be angry with me" + +# let him accept an offering + +You may need to make explicit the reason he will give an offering. AT: "I will give him an offering so he will no longer cause you to be angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# may they be cursed in the sight of Yahweh + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "may Yahweh decide to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for they have today driven me out, that I should not cling to the inheritance of Yahweh; they have said to me, 'Go worship other gods.' + +"for they have today driven me out. It is as if they want me to stop clinging to the inheritance of Yahweh. It is as if they have said to me, 'Go worship other gods.'" + +# that I should not cling to the inheritance of Yahweh + +"so that I will no longer trust that Yahweh will give me what he has promised me" + +# do not let my blood fall to the earth + +This is a polite way of saying "do not kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the one flea + +David uses the word "flea" as a metaphor for a person, himself, who cannot do any great harm. AT: "this single flea" or "me, and I cannot harm you any more than one flea can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as when one hunts a partridge in the mountains + +Saul is chasing David as if he were hunting a valuable wild bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/21.md b/1sa/26/21.md index 4ad41b7df5..be321a678e 100644 --- a/1sa/26/21.md +++ b/1sa/26/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Return -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Possible meanings are 1) "Return to serve me in my palace" or "Return to your home." -## translationNotes +# my son -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +Saul was not David's true father. Saul speaks as if he were David's father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my life was precious in your eyes today + +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "today you have considered my life to be very valuable" or "today you showed me that you really do respect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# played the fool + +"been very foolish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/22.md b/1sa/26/22.md index bf4d632433..e98b9feee2 100644 --- a/1sa/26/22.md +++ b/1sa/26/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh put you into my hand today -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "hand" is a metonym for the person's power. "Yahweh gave me an opportunity to attack you today" or "Yahweh placed me where I could easily have killed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# pay -* **Yahweh put you into my hand today** - "Yahweh gave me an opportunity to attack you today" or "Yahweh placed me where I could easily have killed you" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **pay** - "honor" or "reward" (UDB) +"honor" or "reward" + +# his anointed + +David speaks as if Saul were another person to show that he respects Saul because Saul is king. AT: "the one he has chosen to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/24.md b/1sa/26/24.md index 02b8520d00..39a088bdba 100644 --- a/1sa/26/24.md +++ b/1sa/26/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your life was precious in my eyes today -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 26:21](./21.md). AT: "I have considered your life to be very valuable" or "I showed you today that I really do respect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# so may my life be much valued in the eyes of Yahweh -* **precious in my eyes** - "precious to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **valued in the eyes of Yahweh** - "valuable to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "so may Yahweh consider my life very valuable as well" or "so may Yahweh value my life as much as I have valued your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May you be blessed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my son + +Saul was not David's true father. Saul speaks as if he were David's father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/intro.md b/1sa/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f46d9e0698 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Samuel 26 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Vengeance ##### +David has another opportunity to kill Saul but he refuses to kill the one God had chosen as king. This contrasts with Saul, who tried to find David and kill him. Saul came to admit that David was more righteous than he was because he did not kill his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### +David put his reason for not killing Saul in a rhetorical question: "Do not destroy him; for who can extend his hand against Yahweh's anointed one and be guiltless?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/01.md b/1sa/27/01.md index 6e0986de84..a4772ca2c0 100644 --- a/1sa/27/01.md +++ b/1sa/27/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# David said in his heart -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +Here "his heart" is a metonymy that means to himself. AT: "David thought to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# escape out of his hand -* **David said in his heart** - AT: "David thought to himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **escape** - "flee" or "run away." +The word "hand" is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "escape from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/02.md b/1sa/27/02.md index ba3f5829f8..ef3ae8dd5d 100644 --- a/1sa/27/02.md +++ b/1sa/27/02.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# David arose and passed over -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:carmel|Carmelitess]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel|Jezreelitess]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|live]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +"David took action; he passed over" -## translationNotes +# passed over -* **passed over** - "passed over the border between Israel and Philistia" -* **six hundred men** - 600 (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Achish, the son of Maoch, king of Gath** - AT: "Achish, son of Maoch and king of Gath" -* **Saul was told** - AT: "Someone told Saul" or "Saul heard" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"passed over the border between Israel and Philistia" + +# six hundred men + +600 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Achish + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:10](../21/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Maok + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ahinoam + +This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 14:50](../14/49.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abigail + +This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:3](../25/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nabal + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:3](../25/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Saul was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Saul" or "Saul heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/05.md b/1sa/27/05.md index 18418fdbff..bbc54fa1fd 100644 --- a/1sa/27/05.md +++ b/1sa/27/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# If I have found favor in your eyes -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:royal|royal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:3](../20/03.md). AT: "If I have pleased you" or "If you consider me favorably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# let them give me a place -* **If I have found favor in your eyes** - AT: "If I have pleased you" or "If you will treat us with kindness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **one of the cities in the country** - "one of the outlying towns" or "one of the towns outside the city" -* **for why should your servant live in the royal city with you?** - AT: "I don't need to live in the city with you" or "I'm not important enough to live here with you in the royal city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **your servant** - David is referring to himself. +Since Achish was the one who would "give," this is a metonym for "please give me a place." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# one of the cities in the country + +"one of the outlying towns" or "one of the towns outside the city" + +# Why should your servant live in the royal city with you? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I do not need to live in the city with you." or "I am not important enough to live here with you in the royal city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your servant + +David speaks as if he were another person to show that he respected Achish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Ziklag + +This is the name of a city in the southwest part of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/08.md b/1sa/27/08.md index a6a8161db7..9d903dc24f 100644 --- a/1sa/27/08.md +++ b/1sa/27/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# making raids on -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:geshur|Geshurites]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|oxen]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +attacking and taking property many times (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Girzites -* **making raids on** - A raid is a sudden assault or attack, as upon something to be seized or suppressed. AT: "often aggressively fighting" -* **Girzites** - A people group who lived somewhere between Philistia and Egypt (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shur** - region on the northeast border of Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Achish** - The king of Gath +A people group who apparently lived somewhere between Philistia and Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# as you go to Shur + +Here "you" is being used as an indefinite pronoun that refers to anyone. AT: "on the way most people travel to Shur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Shur + +region on the northeast border of Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Achish + +the king of Gath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/10.md b/1sa/27/10.md index f3f1553f29..862715f944 100644 --- a/1sa/27/10.md +++ b/1sa/27/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Achish -* [[en:tw:david]] +the king of Gath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jerahmeelites -* **Achish** - The king of Gath. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jerahmeelites** - The Jerahmeelites were a clan from the tribe of Judah (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kenites** - people group who lived in the land of Midian (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +a clan from the tribe of Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kenites + +a people group who lived in the land of Midian (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/11.md b/1sa/27/11.md index e4f24cf8b9..154c440474 100644 --- a/1sa/27/11.md +++ b/1sa/27/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Gath -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +one of five Philistine city-states. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Achish -* **Gath** - one of five Philistine city-states. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]].) -* **Achish** - a king of Gath +the king of Gath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/intro.md b/1sa/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d405cc1ad --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Samuel 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This begins a section about David living with the Philistines. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's move ##### +David is afraid Saul will someday catch him and kill him, so he moves to the Philistine city of Gath. This is a type of exile David creates for himself out of fear. It is caused by his lack of trust in God. This is the same reason his descendants would come to be exiled. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +### Links: ###= + +* __[1 Samuel 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/01.md b/1sa/28/01.md index 121e57d4c6..e837768630 100644 --- a/1sa/28/01.md +++ b/1sa/28/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# host -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +large assembly of armies -## translationNotes +# So you will know ... So I will -* **host** - large assembly of armies -* AT: "David said to Achish, 'So then, you will know what your servant can do.' Achish said to David, 'So then, I will permanently make you my bodyguard.'" -* **bodyguard** - a single man or a small group of men to protect someone. +The word "so" shows that the speaker agrees with what the other person has just said. AT: "Yes, I will go with you so that you will know ... Very well, I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# you will know what your servant can do + +David probably wanted Achish to think that David would kill many Israelites, but "what your servant can do" could also mean that David was planning to kill Philistines instead. Try to translate so that the reader can see both of these possible meanings. + +# your servant + +David speaks as if he is another person so that Achish will think David respects him. AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# make you + +The word "you" refers to David and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# bodyguard + +a person who protects another person \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/03.md b/1sa/28/03.md index 82925a2fa2..817408417b 100644 --- a/1sa/28/03.md +++ b/1sa/28/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Samuel ... with spirits -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +The writer provides background information to prepare the reader for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# banned from the land -* **banned from the land** - officially removed from the country or region, or prevented from entering. AT: "expelled from Isreal" (UDB) -* **gathered all Israel together** - AT: "gathered all his armies in Israel together" -* **Shunem, Gilboa** - these are names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +officially removed from the country or region, or prevented from entering AT: "expel from Israel" + +# those who talked with the dead or with spirits + +The words "those who talked with the dead" translate as one word in the original language, and the words "those who ... talked with spirits" also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. + +# Then the Philistines gathered + +after David and Achish spoke ([1 Samuel 28:02](./01.md)) + +# gathered all Israel together + +"gathered all his armies in Israel together" + +# Shunem ... Gilboa + +these are names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/05.md b/1sa/28/05.md index 1f4a26a576..f15cd0db09 100644 --- a/1sa/28/05.md +++ b/1sa/28/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he was afraid, and his heart trembled very much -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. Here Saul is referred to by his "heart." AT: "he was terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Urim -* **trembled in his heart** - This means he was very afraid, emphasizing the fear with this doublet (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Urim** - The high priest carried the sacred lots called Urim and Thummin in his breastplate, in a marked pouch, next to his heart. -* **Endor** - Endor was in Galilee, south-east of Nazareth. +The high priest carried the sacred lots called Urim and Thummin in his breastplate, in a marked pouch, next to his heart. + +# who talks with the dead + +These words translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for a person who talks to the dead, you should use it here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](./03.md). + +# Endor + +place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/08.md b/1sa/28/08.md index f47a4eb002..053ea7e382 100644 --- a/1sa/28/08.md +++ b/1sa/28/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Saul disguised himself ... and went ... to the woman by night -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|swore]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Saul disguised himself because the way from Gilboa ([1 Samuel 28:4](./03.md)) to Endor ([1 Samuel 28:7](./05.md)) was through land that the Philistines were living in. He traveled all day and reached the woman after the sun had gone down. -## translationNotes +# disguised -* **disguised** - changed his usual appearance, so as not to be recognized. +changed his usual appearance no one would know who he was + +# Divine for me ... with a spirit + +"Talk to the dead for me" + +# those who talk with the dead or with spirits + +The words "those who talk with the dead" translate as one word in the original language, and the words "those who ... talk with spirits" also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](./03.md). + +# my life + +The word "life" represents the person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/11.md b/1sa/28/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4c84f0764d..0000000000 --- a/1sa/28/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk. diff --git a/1sa/28/13.md b/1sa/28/13.md index 4fd36027f4..48a6c9b210 100644 --- a/1sa/28/13.md +++ b/1sa/28/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# a god -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|afraid]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk. +Other possible meanings are 1) "one like God" or 2) "a judge" (See: [1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/15.md b/1sa/28/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index e8642a5bc0..0000000000 --- a/1sa/28/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk. diff --git a/1sa/28/16.md b/1sa/28/16.md index 63ec1a397c..e8022c8615 100644 --- a/1sa/28/16.md +++ b/1sa/28/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# torn the kingdom out of your hand -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **torn the kingdom out of your hand** - AT: "removed you from the position of king over this kingdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Samuel speaks as if the kingdom were a physical object that could be held in the hand and grabbed out by another person. AT: "made you so you are no longer king" or "made another person king in your place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/18.md b/1sa/28/18.md index e96a6e579d..d7d038cd0c 100644 --- a/1sa/28/18.md +++ b/1sa/28/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh will hand over Israel and you into the hand of the Philistines -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Samuel speaks as if the people of Israel were a small object that Yahweh would give to the Philistines, whom he speaks of as if they were one person. AT: "Yahweh will allow the Philistines to do whatever they want to do to you and the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# will be with me -* **will be with me** - AT: "will be dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] ) -* **hand … hand** - in the first use, "hand" as a verb means "present" or "give;" in the second use, "hand" as a noun is covered by the link in the Important Terms section above. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_partsofspeech]]) +This is a polite way to say that Saul will die. AT: "will be dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Yahweh will also hand over the army of Israel into the hand of the Philistines + +Samuel speaks as if the army of Israel were a small object that Yahweh would give to the Philistines, whom he speaks of as if they were one person. AT: "Yahweh will allow the Philistines to do whatever they want to do to the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/20.md b/1sa/28/20.md index 53c47d7a2f..4eae6c2c41 100644 --- a/1sa/28/20.md +++ b/1sa/28/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he had eaten no food all that day, neither that whole night -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Saul had not eaten during the night before he traveled from Gilboa ([1 Samuel 28:4](./03.md)) to Endor ([1 Samuel 28:7](./05.md)), nor during the day as he journeyed, nor during the night on which he visited the woman. -## translationNotes +# I have put my life in my hand and have listened -* **I have put my life in my hand** - "because I trusted you, I risked my life" or "I could be executed" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] ) +This is an idiom. "I could die because I listened" or "Someone could kill me because I listened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/22.md b/1sa/28/22.md index 41006aa696..b77a791399 100644 --- a/1sa/28/22.md +++ b/1sa/28/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the voice of your woman servant -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The woman speaks as if she is another person to show that she respects Saul. She refers to herself by her "voice" to emphasize what she says. AT: "my voice" or "me speak to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# refused -* **refused** - "did not accept" or "would not do what they asked" -* **compelled** - "forced" +"did not accept" or "would not do what they asked" + +# compelled + +"forced" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/24.md b/1sa/28/24.md index 6fc6085288..34ce8898bd 100644 --- a/1sa/28/24.md +++ b/1sa/28/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# fatted calf -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bul]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread|unleavened bread]] +a calf that has been grown and fed to be available for a special feast -## translationNotes +# she ... kneaded it -* **fatted calf** - A fatted calf is a calf that has been grown and fed to be available for a special feast. -* **she ... kneaded it** - she mixed flour and oil, working and rolling the mixture thoroughly with her hands to produce dough for baking. +She mixed flour and oil, working and rolling the mixture thoroughly with her hands to produce dough for baking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/intro.md b/1sa/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1513ef2c19 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Samuel 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Talking to the dead ##### + +Talking to the dead was against the law of Moses. God or the Holy Spirit left Saul because of his sin and would not help him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dead]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### +Samuel uses a rhetorical question to say it was useless to ask his advice since there was no way Saul could be successful with God against him: "What then do you ask me, since Yahweh has left you, and he has become your enemy?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/01.md b/1sa/29/01.md index e1ad9ed725..e88d3f7668 100644 --- a/1sa/29/01.md +++ b/1sa/29/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# spring -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +a small stream of water flowing naturally from the Earth -## translationNotes +# passed on by hundreds and by thousands -* **spring** - a small stream of water flowing naturally from the Earth. -* **hundreds...thousands** - 100's...1,000's (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"divided their men into groups; some groups had one hundred soldiers and some groups had one thousand soldiers" + +# hundreds ... thousands + +100s ... 1,000s (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# David and his men passed on in the rear guard with Achish + +The groups of hundreds and thousands passed on first, then Achish and his helpers, and then David, his men, and the other Philistine soldiers, who were guarding Achish. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/03.md b/1sa/29/03.md index 626bab11fe..1196265c79 100644 --- a/1sa/29/03.md +++ b/1sa/29/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# What are these Hebrews doing here? -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Possible ways to translate this rhetorical question as a statement are AT: 1) "You should not have allowed these Hebrews, our enemies, to be here with us." or 2) "Tell us who these Hebrews are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Is not this David ... these years, and I have found ... this day? -* **I have found no fault with him ** - The use of "no fault" emphasizes that Achish is pleased with David. AT:"I know of nothing that he has done wrong" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Another possible translation is "Is not this David, ... these years? I have found ... this day." The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should know that this is David ... these years. I have found ... this day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I have found no fault with him + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I know of nothing that he has done wrong" or "I am very pleased with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/04.md b/1sa/29/04.md index 7de3498184..61ad2f555b 100644 --- a/1sa/29/04.md +++ b/1sa/29/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# do not let him go with us into battle -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +"do not let his army join with our army against our enemies" -## translationNotes +# For how else could this fellow make peace with his master? Would it not be with the heads of our men? -* **do not let him go with us into battle** - "do not let his army join with our army against our enemies" -* **How else could this fellow make peace with his master? Would it not be with the heads of our men?** - David would make peace with his master by killing our soldiers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The best way for David to make peace with his master would be by killing our soldiers!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/05.md b/1sa/29/05.md index f3de606caa..e9c8696e80 100644 --- a/1sa/29/05.md +++ b/1sa/29/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Is this not David of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, 'Saul ... ten thousands'? -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not trust David—he is the one of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, 'Saul ... ten thousands'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# thousands ... ten thousands -* **Is this not the David of whom they sang one to another in dances** - AT: "This is certainly David, of whom they sang one to another in dances, 'Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands'"(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **thousands…ten thousands** - 1,000's…10,000's (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"1,000s ... 10,000s" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/06.md b/1sa/29/06.md index ea0d60315c..e4ae79b172 100644 --- a/1sa/29/06.md +++ b/1sa/29/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# As Yahweh lives -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom. "As certainly as Yahweh lives" or "This is a true statement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# your going out and your coming in with me in the army is good -* **As Yahweh lives** - "As certainly as Yahweh lives" or "This is a true statement" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"I am happy to have you go out and come in with me and my army" or "It is good that you go everywhere with me and my army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/08.md b/1sa/29/08.md index ff165e942d..c3196f424b 100644 --- a/1sa/29/08.md +++ b/1sa/29/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# my master the king -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +David speaks as if Achish were another person so that Achish will think David respects him. AT: "you, my master and king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# nevertheless, the princes -* **you are as good in my sight as an angel of God** - AT: "I find nothing against you". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]). -* **Nevertheless** - "Nevertheless" ties two sentences or phrases together, while presenting an alternative to the focus of the first sentence. AT: "in spite of" or "however" +"even though that is true, this is more important: the princes" or "however, the princes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/10.md b/1sa/29/10.md index 6b2693ea52..aaf9ffcefe 100644 --- a/1sa/29/10.md +++ b/1sa/29/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# your master -* [[en:tw:Light]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The reader should understand that Achish is speaking of Saul. -## translationNotes +# have light -* **have light** - "can see with the morning sun" +"can see with the morning sun" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/intro.md b/1sa/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d50f43a6b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Samuel 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many translations set apart quotations, prayers, or songs. 1 Samuel 29:5 is a song praising David. It has been set apart in the ULB through the use of indentation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties #### + +It is unclear whether David wanted to go into battle with the Philistines. He would have been fighting against Saul, but he also would have been fighting against Israel's soldiers. It is probably best to see that David is conflicted over this issue, but some scholars believe that David planned on turning against the Philistines in the battle. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/01.md b/1sa/30/01.md index 6c402d87b9..3852956d8f 100644 --- a/1sa/30/01.md +++ b/1sa/30/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Ziklag -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] +Ziklag is a city in the southern part of Judah. This was where David and his men kept their families. -## translationNotes +# they -* **Ziklag** - Ziklag is a city in the southern part of Judah. This was where David and his men kept their families. -* **they** - refers to the Amalekites. -* **both small and great** - a reference to physical size or stature, not to influence or power +the Amalekites + +# both small and great + +Possible meanings are 1) "both unimportant people and important people" or 2) "both physically small and physically large." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/03.md b/1sa/30/03.md index c341ff42e9..af6c9eb05d 100644 --- a/1sa/30/03.md +++ b/1sa/30/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# their wives ... sons ... daughters -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +belonging to David and his men -## translationNotes +# it was burned, and their wives ... daughters were taken captive -* **their** - refers to David and his men. -* **burned** - to set on fire to destroy the town. -* **the people that were with him** - These were mainly his army of men. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they saw that someone had burned it and taken their wives ... captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the people that were with him + +These were mainly his army of men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/05.md b/1sa/30/05.md index 2d7020bbc1..036107a88d 100644 --- a/1sa/30/05.md +++ b/1sa/30/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David finds strength in Yahweh after the raid. -## translationNotes +# Ahinoam the Jezreelite woman -* David finds strength in Yahweh after raid. -* **Ahinoam the Jezreelitess** - AT: "Ahinoam from Jezreel" -* **Nabal the Carmelite** - AT: "Nabal the man from Carmel" -* **Ahinoam...Abigail...Nabal** - various names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **distressed** - greatly concerned. -* **David strengthened himself in Yahweh** - David took courage in Yahweh. +"Ahinoam from Jezreel" + +# Nabal the Carmelite + +"Nabal the man from Carmel" + +# Ahinoam ... Abigail + +women's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# distressed + +suffering + +# all the people were bitter in spirit + +The word "bitter" is a metaphor for the desire to rebel. The word "spirit" is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "all the people were ready to rebel against David" or "all the people were very unhappy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# David strengthened himself in Yahweh, his God + +Possible meanings are 1) "David took courage because he knew Yahweh his God would help him" or 2) "Yahweh his God made David strong." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/07.md b/1sa/30/07.md index 3f1ad3a854..81ebc0e66d 100644 --- a/1sa/30/07.md +++ b/1sa/30/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David seeks Yahweh's direction in dealing with the raid on his people. -## translationNotes +# David prayed to Yahweh for direction -* David seeks Yahweh's direction in dealing with the raid on his people. -* **pursue** - "chase" or "follow" +The abstract noun "direction" can be translated as a clause. AT: "David prayed that Yahweh would tell David what David should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# pursue + +"chase" or "follow" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/09.md b/1sa/30/09.md index 5509b860af..e41652d9e8 100644 --- a/1sa/30/09.md +++ b/1sa/30/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# six hundred men -* [[en:tw:david]] +600 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# brook -* **six hundred men** - 600 men (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **brook** - small stream -* **pursuing** - "chasing" or "following" -* **four hundred men** - 400 men (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **two hundred men** - 200 men (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **who were so weak** - they were physically tired from their own raids and now in pursuit of the Amalekites. They no longer had the strength to continue. +small stream + +# pursuing + +"chasing" or "following" + +# four hundred men + +400 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two hundred + +200 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who were so weak + +They were tired from their own raids and now in pursuit of the Amalekites. They no longer had the strength to continue. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/11.md b/1sa/30/11.md index 2b2a46e7fc..13df9f3278 100644 --- a/1sa/30/11.md +++ b/1sa/30/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# an Egyptian in a field -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] +He was left there to die from the Amalekite raiding party. -## translationNotes +# clusters of raisins -* **an Egyptian in a field** - He was left there to die from the Amalekite raiding party. -* **clusters of raisins** - AT: "clusters of dried grapes" +"clusters of dried grapes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/13.md b/1sa/30/13.md index 9fd1d15bbe..68dc9b7c96 100644 --- a/1sa/30/13.md +++ b/1sa/30/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# David said to him -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +David questioned the Egyptian slave. -## translationNotes +# three days ago -* **David said to him** - David questions the Egyptian slave. -* **Three days ago** - AT: "three days in the past" -* **We made a raid** - Raids or attacks on towns were a quick means to acquire wealth and slaves. +"three days in the past" + +# three days + +3 days (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a raid + +an attack on a town to take property \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/15.md b/1sa/30/15.md index 79f419eab5..d21851c827 100644 --- a/1sa/30/15.md +++ b/1sa/30/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# raiding party -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] +a group of armed warriors who attack people or places unexpectedly -## translationNotes +# you will not ... betray me up into the hands of my master -* **raiding party** - A raiding party is a roaming group of armed warriors who may attack people or places unexpectedly. -* **you will not ... betray me up into the hands of my master** - AT: "you will not ... violate the trust I have in you by handing me over to my previous master, who abandoned me" +Here "hands" refers to control. AT: "you will not ... violate the trust I have in you by allowing my master to control me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/16.md b/1sa/30/16.md index 3186d88ca9..6fc021cfe9 100644 --- a/1sa/30/16.md +++ b/1sa/30/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# booty -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +the goods they had stolen in the raid -## translationNotes +# twilight -* **booty** - the money and goods stolen in the raid. -* **twilight** - the time just after the sun goes down until the sky is dark. -* **four hundred** - 400 (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +the time just after the sun goes down until the sky is dark + +# four hundred + +400 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/18.md b/1sa/30/18.md index d969a6dbb4..d6ef570c6a 100644 --- a/1sa/30/18.md +++ b/1sa/30/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# rescued -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] +"saved" or "freed" -## translationNotes +# Nothing was missing -* **rescued** - "saved" or "freed" -* **Nothing was missing** - AT: "None of the items the Amalekites had stolen were lost" +"None of the items the Amalekites had stolen were lost" + +# neither small nor great + +Possible meanings are 1) "neither unimportant people nor important people" or 2) "neither physically small nor physically large." See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 30:2](./01.md). + +# booty + +goods that the Amelekites had stolen. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](./16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/21.md b/1sa/30/21.md index a9af84362b..c36a566634 100644 --- a/1sa/30/21.md +++ b/1sa/30/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# two hundred -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# brook -* **two hundred** - 200 (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **brook** - small stream or creek -* **Besor** - This is the name of a small stream. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **greeted** - "welcomed" or "sent a message of friendship" -* **booty** - goods taken from the enemy in battle -* **recovered** - "regained" or "got back" +small stream or creek + +# Besor + +This is the name of a small stream. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# greeted + +"welcomed" or "sent a message of friendship" + +# booty + +goods they had taken from the enemy in battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](./16.md). + +# recovered + +"regained" or "got back" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/23.md b/1sa/30/23.md index 7abfd26a61..f7e492e3e0 100644 --- a/1sa/30/23.md +++ b/1sa/30/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Who will listen to you in this matter? -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement: AT: "No one will listen to you in this matter." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# as the share is for anyone who goes -* **Who will listen to you in this matter?** - This is a rhetorical question that means "No one will listen to you in this matter." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the share** - as a noun, this word means the portion of reclaimed goods one earned. -* **will share and share alike** - this use of the verb "share" emphasizes that each person will receive the same amount. -* **anyone who goes into battle** - the warriors who actually fought the enemy in war. -* **anyone who waits by the baggage** - the people who supported the warriors by managing and guarding their supplies -* **baggage** - This word refers to the belongings of the soldiers left behind when they went into battle. +The abstract noun "share" can be translated as a verb. AT: "as what belongs to anyone who goes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# anyone who goes into battle + +the warriors who actually fought the enemy in war + +# will share and share alike + +"will make sure that all receive the same amount" + +# anyone who waits by the baggage + +the people who supported the warriors by managing and guarding their supplies + +# baggage + +belongings that the soldiers left behind when they went into battle \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/26.md b/1sa/30/26.md index 3616a27890..2d784305f0 100644 --- a/1sa/30/26.md +++ b/1sa/30/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:ramoth]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer begins a list of cities whose elders received gifts from David. -## translationNotes +# Ziklag ... Bethuel ... Jattir ... Aroer ... Siphmoth ... Eshtemoa -* **Ziklag, Bethuel, Jattir, Aroer, Siphmoth, Eshtemoa** - These are the names of towns. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a present** - "a gift" +names of towns (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# booty + +goods that David had taken from the Amalekites after the battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](./16.md). + +# a present + +"a gift" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/29.md b/1sa/30/29.md index 92c11202de..bf67cbe150 100644 --- a/1sa/30/29.md +++ b/1sa/30/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] +The writer ends the list of cities whose elders received gifts from David that began in [1 Samuel 30:27](./26.md). You may be able to combine the list items from [1 Samuel 30:27-31](./26.md) into one list. -## translationNotes +# Rakal ... Hormah ... Bor Ashan ... Athak -* **Racal, Hormah, Borashan, Athach** - These are the names of towns. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jerahmeelites, Kenites** - These are the names of people groups. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jerahmeelites ... Kenites + +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/intro.md b/1sa/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3318368aad --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Samuel 30 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David fights the Amalekites ##### +When David and his men arrive home, they find the Amalekites have raided Ziklag and taken everything. They catch and destroy them and bring back all of their goods and families. Then David sends gifts to all the cities in Judah through which they had traveled. + +### Links: ###= + +* __[1 Samuel 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/01.md b/1sa/31/01.md index 4192a27210..517ba726cd 100644 --- a/1sa/31/01.md +++ b/1sa/31/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now the Philistines fought against Israel -* [[en:tw:archer]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|dead]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +This battle was the result of the conflict between David and the Philistines in [1 Samuel 29:11](../29/10.md). The writer has finished telling the story of David in [1 Samuel 30:1-30](../30/01.md), and now he tells about the battle between the Israelites and the Philistines. -## translationNotes +# against Israel -* **Now the Philistines fought against Israel** - This battle was the result of the conflict between David and the Philistines in [[:en:bible:notes:1sa:29:10]]. Chapter 30 went onto a different story, and now the writer is coming back to the battle between the Israelites and Philistines. -* **the Philistines fought against Israel** - "the Philistines fought against the people of Israel." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche -* ]]) -* **Mount Gilboa** - This is the name of a mountain (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). -* **closely pursued Saul and his sons** - "chased Saul and three of his sons." -* **Abinadab, and Malchishua** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). -* **The battle went heavily against Saul** - "Saul's army began to lose the battle" +"Israel" refers to the people who live there. AT: "against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Mount Gilboa + +This is the name of a mountain (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +# closely pursued Saul and his sons + +"chased Saul and three of his sons" + +# Abinadab, and Malki-Shua + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +# The battle went heavily against Saul + +This is an idiom. "Saul's army began to lose the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/04.md b/1sa/31/04.md index f6019d69f1..d0446aa994 100644 --- a/1sa/31/04.md +++ b/1sa/31/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# armor bearer -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|afraid]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +The armor bearer carried the large shield of his commanding officer and other weapons. He protected the commanding officer during a battle. -## translationNotes +# these uncircumcised -* **armor bearer** - The armor bearer carried the large shield of his commanding officer and other weapons. He protected the commanding officer during a battle. -* **these uncircumcised** - "these unclean, non-Israelite people" -* **took his own sword and fell on it** - "killed himself with his own sword" -* **that same day** - "on that one day" +The nominal adjective "uncircumcised" can be translated as an adjective. Not being circumcised is a metonym for being foreigners. AT: "these men who have not been circumcised" or "these non-Israelite men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# would not + +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "would not do what Saul had told him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# took his own sword and fell on it + +"killed himself with his own sword" + +# that same day + +"on that one day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/07.md b/1sa/31/07.md index 636a13f6cc..31ab2d1f2a 100644 --- a/1sa/31/07.md +++ b/1sa/31/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# lived in them -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|lived]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +lived in the cities the men of Israel had left -## translationNotes +# strip the dead -* **Mount Gilboa** - a mountain range overlooking the Valley of Jezreel in northern Israel, south of Nazareth. +take the armor and weapons off the dead Israelites' bodies + +# Mount Gilboa + +a mountain range overlooking the Valley of Jezreel in northern Israel, south of Nazareth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/09.md b/1sa/31/09.md index ca018b29c0..c57e9d5bc6 100644 --- a/1sa/31/09.md +++ b/1sa/31/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the land of the Philistines throughout -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +"all areas of the land of the Philistines" -## translationNotes +# to carry the news to their idols' temples and to the people -* **the land of the Philistines throughout** - "all areas of the land of the Philistines" -* **to carry the news** - AT: "to tell the people" -* **their idols' temples** - the buildings where they worshiped their idols -* **Ashtoreth** - an ancient false goddess and idol, also called "Asherah" or "Astarte" -* **fastened** - "attached" (probably with a large spike or nail) -* **Beth Shan** - the name of a city (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"to speak the news inside the temples and to the people" + +# their idols' temples + +the buildings where they worshiped their idols + +# Ashtoreths + +ancient false goddesses and idols, also called "Asherah" or "Astarte" + +# fastened + +"attached" (probably with a large spike or nail) + +# Beth Shan + +the name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/11.md b/1sa/31/11.md index 272fe4343f..604cdc697b 100644 --- a/1sa/31/11.md +++ b/1sa/31/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jabesh -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +the name of a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# what the Philistines had done to Saul -* **Jabesh** - the name of a town (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **what the Philistines had done to Saul** - AT: "how the Philistines had dishonored Saul" -* **all night** - "throughout the whole night" +"how the Philistines had dishonored Saul" + +# all night + +"throughout the whole night" + +# a tamarisk tree + +This is a type of tree. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 22:6](../22/06.md). AT: "a large shade tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/intro.md b/1sa/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be9563b1da --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Samuel 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the section on Saul, but the book continues in 2 Samuel 1. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Saul's punishment ##### +Saul receives his punishment from God: death for his disobedience and resisting the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 31:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/front/intro.md b/1sa/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21f429b8a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Samuel # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 1 Samuel #### + +1. Samuel as judge over Israel (1–7) + - Samuel as a child (1:1–3:21) + - Shiloh priesthood; the fall and death of Eli the priest (4:1–22) + - The Ark of God and the war with the Philistines (5:1–6:21) + - Mizpah; Samuel's rule over Israel (7:1–17) +1. Saul and Samuel (8–15) + - Samuel permits the people to seek a king (8:1–22) + - Saul anointed king (9:1–10:27) + - Battle and victory over the Ammonites (11:1–15) + - Samuel's farewell (12:1–25) + - Saul's weakness and failures (13:1–15:35) +1. Saul and David's conflict (Chapters 16–31) + - God's choice of David to be king (16:1–23) + - David fights Goliath (17:1–58) + - Saul's jealousy of David; David and Jonathan (18:1–20:42) + - David runs away; David in Philistia (21:1–30:31) + - Death of Saul (31:1–13) + +#### What is the Book of 1 Samuel about? #### + +This book focuses on three individuals: Samuel, Saul, and David. Samuel was the last of the judges over Israel. Saul was the first king of Israel. Saul's rise and fall take up much of the narrative in 1 Samuel. After Saul, David became the king of Israel. One of the book's most important themes is that David was chosen by God himself to become king and to establish a line of royal succession in Israel. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The traditional title "1 Samuel," that is, "First Samuel," has a very vague meaning at best. Translators should consider a title such as "The First Book About Samuel, Saul, and David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### What is the purpose of the Book of 1 Samuel? #### + +The Book of 1 Samuel contains a great amount of information about how Israel developed into a more unified nation under the first kings in Israel. The author may have wished to defend David's right to rule in place of Saul. He may have also wished to condemn the actions of the northern tribes who would break away to form the northern kingdom. It is likely that the author wrote at a time when the nation of Israel was in a civil war, and that he supported the southern kingdom of Judah, which continued to have a descendant of King David as their king. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Who is "Yahweh's anointed"? #### + +There are many references in 1 Samuel to "Yahweh's anointed." This is a reference to the one whom Yahweh has chosen to be the king of his people. Ultimately, this book looks forward to a time when a descendant of David who is Yahweh's anointed, the Messiah, will become the king chosen by God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What are curses, as found in 1 Samuel and elsewhere? #### + +A person speaks a curse when he calls down divine or demonic punishment upon someone or something. A curse usually has this pattern: "May God do so to you, and even more, if you hide anything from me of all the words that he spoke to you" (1 Sam. 3:17). Other instances of curses in 1 and 2 Samuel are found in 1 Sam 14:44; 20:13; 25:22; 2 Sam 3:9, 35; and 19:13. The translator should represent a curse in the project language in as strong a way as possible. + +#### How is the name "Israel" used in the Bible? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/israel]]) + +The Book of 1 Samuel has two references to Israel and Judah ([1 Samuel 17:52](../17/52.md), [1 Samuel 18:15](../18/15.md)), but these references appear in the narrative long before the split between the two kingdoms occurred. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah were put into the text because the writer was working at a far later time, during the period of the split between the two kingdoms. He wanted to emphasize that all the twelve tribes had enthusiastically supported David. + +#### What is the meaning of the phrase "to this day"? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. He must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation's readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written" or "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 1 Samuel 5:5; 6:18: 27:6; 30:25. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/01.md b/1th/01/01.md index 3e41c7ede2..cf5de47b26 100644 --- a/1th/01/01.md +++ b/1th/01/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] -* [[en:tw:thessalonica]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Paul identifies himself as the writer of the letter and greets the church at Thessalonica. -## translationNotes +# Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy to the church -* **Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy to the church ** - the UDB makes clear that it was Paul who wrote this letter. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **peace to you** - the word "you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +The UDB makes clear that it was Paul who wrote this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# May grace and peace be to you + +The terms "grace" and "peace" are metonyms for the person who acts toward people in a kindly and peaceful manner. AT: "May God be kind to you and give you peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# peace be to you + +The word "you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/02.md b/1th/01/02.md index 1e8e19eb63..ce80674f12 100644 --- a/1th/01/02.md +++ b/1th/01/02.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +In this letter the words "we" and "us" refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# We always give thanks to God -* **We always give thanks to God ** - This is a hyperbole. It can be translated as "we give thanks to God frequently" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **We always** - The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy but not to the Thessalonians believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **we make mention of you in our prayers** - "we pray for you" -* **We remember without ceasing** - "we frequently remember" -* **work of faith ** - "acts of faith" or "your work for God because you trust in him" (UDB) -* **patience of hope ** - "endurance of hope" +Here "always" suggests that when Paul prays to God, he consistently presents the Thessalonians to God in his prayers. + +# we mention you in our prayers + +"we pray for you" + +# work of faith + +acts done because of trust in God \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/04.md b/1th/01/04.md index 064380d0f1..e349c6a157 100644 --- a/1th/01/04.md +++ b/1th/01/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +Paul continues to give thanks for the believers at Thessalonica and praises them for their faith in God. -## translationNotes +# Brothers -* **Brothers - ** - **"Fellow believers" -* **we know your calling** - "we know that God chose you to become his people" (UDB), or "we know that God chose you to serve him in a special way." -* **we know** - The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **but also in power, in the Holy Spirit** - Possible meanings are 1) "Paul and his companions preach powerfully by being enabled by the Holy Spirit" or 2) "The Gospel has a powerful effect on the believers through the conviction work of the Holy Spirit." -* **in much assurance** - "In the same way" (UDB) -* **what kind of men** - "how we conducted ourselves" (UDB) +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# we know + +The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# not in word only + +Not only through the activity of preaching God's message. + +# but also in power, in the Holy Spirit + +Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit gave Paul and his companions the ability to preach the gospel powerfully or 2) the Holy Spirit made the preaching of the gospel have a powerful effect among the Thessalonian believers or 3) the Holy Spirit demonstrated the truth of the gospel preaching by means of miracles, signs, and wonders. + +# what kind of men + +"how we conducted ourselves when" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/06.md b/1th/01/06.md index ddbba82ec3..20c60064a7 100644 --- a/1th/01/06.md +++ b/1th/01/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You became imitators -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +To "imitate" means to act like or to copy the behavior of another. -## translationNotes +# received the word -* **you became imitators ** - To act like or to follow. Alternate Translation: "You imitated us." -* **received the word ** - "welcomed the teaching" or "accepted the teaching" -* **in much tribulation ** - "during a time of great suffering" or "in much persecution". -* **Achaia ** - This is an ancient district in what is present day Greece. +"welcomed the teaching" or "accepted the teaching" + +# in much hardship + +"during a time of great suffering" or "in much persecution" + +# Achaia + +This is an ancient district in what is present-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/08.md b/1th/01/08.md index 0acf07ea3b..8026904245 100644 --- a/1th/01/08.md +++ b/1th/01/08.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# has rung out -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Here Paul speaks of the Christian witness produced by the Thessalonian believers as if it were a bell that was rung or a musical instrument that was being played. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Achaia -* **has rung out** - "has gone out" -* **Achaia** - This is an ancient district in what is now present day Greece. -* **in every place** - "in many places throughout the region" -* **For they themselves** - Paul is referring to the churches that already existed in the surrounding regions who have heard about the Thessalonians believers. -* **they themselves** - "themselves" is added for emphasis. -* **what kinds of reception we had with you** - "how warmly you welcomed us" (UDB) -* **his Son from heaven** - "God's son from heaven" -* **whom he raised** - "whom God raised" -* **who delivers us ** - Paul is including the believers in the word "us". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +This is an ancient district in what is now present-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# For they themselves ... They tell ... They report + +Paul is referring to the churches that already existed in the surrounding regions, who have heard about the Thessalonian believers. + +# they themselves + +Here "themselves" is used to emphasize those people who had heard about the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# what kind of coming we had among you + +Here "coming" stands for the enthusiastic welcome experienced by Paul and his companions. AT: "how warmly you welcomed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his Son + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# whom he raised + +"whom God raised" + +# from the dead ones + +From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. + +# who frees us + +Here Paul includes the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/intro.md b/1th/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d77790a49 --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Thessalonians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +1:1-3 forms a formal introduction to this letter. It was a common type of introduction for a letter in the ancient Near East. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tribulation ##### +The Christians in Thessalonica were experiencing great persecution, but they handled it well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Thessalonians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Thessalonians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/01.md b/1th/02/01.md index 786ff702fe..decb22681c 100644 --- a/1th/02/01.md +++ b/1th/02/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bold]] -* [[en:tw:bold|bold, boldly, boldness]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews|good news, gospel]] -* [[en:tw:philippi]] -* [[en:tw:philippi|Philippi]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] +Paul defines the believers' service and reward. -## translationNotes +# you yourselves -* **you yourselves** - The word "you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **our coming** - The word "our" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy but not the believers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **was not useless** - "was very worthwhile" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **suffered and were shamefully treated** - Paul was beaten and put into jail at Philippi. AT: " were mistreated and insulted." -* **among much conflict** - "while meeting with great opposition" +The words "you" and "yourselves" refer to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# our coming + +The word "our" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# was not useless + +This can be expressed in a positive manner. AT: "was very worthwhile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# previously suffered and were shamefully treated + +"were mistreated and insulted" + +# in much struggling + +"while struggling under great opposition" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/03.md b/1th/02/03.md index ce029af7c0..348434b771 100644 --- a/1th/02/03.md +++ b/1th/02/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# was not from error, nor from impurity, nor from deceit -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +"was truthful, pure, and honest" -## translationNotes +# approved by God to be trusted -* **for our exhortation** - The pronoun "our" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy. -* **is not from error, nor from impurity, nor from deceit** - "was truthful, pure, and honest" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **God, who examines our hearts** - "God, who searches our minds and deeds" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Paul was tested and proven trustworthy by God. + +# We speak + +Paul is referring to preaching the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who examines our hearts + +The word "hearts" is a metaphor for a person's desires and thoughts. AT: "who knows our desires and thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/05.md b/1th/02/05.md index 8858eb0dde..4741eca21a 100644 --- a/1th/02/05.md +++ b/1th/02/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Paul tells the Thessalonian believers that his conduct was not based in flattery, greed, or self glory. -## translationNotes +# we never used words of flattery -* **For we** - The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **use words as flattery** - "speak to you with false praise" -* **a pretext for covetousness** - "excuse for greed to have you give us things" -* **could have claimed privileges** - "could have made you give us things" +"we never spoke to you with false praise" + +# nor as an excuse to cover up greed + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "nor did we use words to hide an evil desire for your money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# could have claimed privileges + +"could have insisted you give us money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/07.md b/1th/02/07.md index e902b608df..c8cd57fa1d 100644 --- a/1th/02/07.md +++ b/1th/02/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# as a mother comforting her own children -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] +Just as a mother gently comforts her children, so Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy spoke gently to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# In this way we had affection for you -* **as when a mother comforts her child** - Just as a mother gently comforts her children, so Paul, Silvanus and Timothy spoke gently to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **we had affection for you** - "we loved you" -* **you had become very dear to us** - "we cared for you deeply" -* **our labor and toil** - The words "labor" and 'toil' mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how hard they worked. AT: "how hard we worked" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **we worked night and day that we might not be a burden to any of you** - "we worked hard to make our own living so you would not need to support us" +"This is how we demonstrated our affection for you" + +# we had affection for you + +"we loved you" + +# We were pleased to share with you not only the gospel of God but also our own lives + +Paul speaks of the gospel message and his life and the lives of those with him as if they were a physical object that one could share with others. AT: "We were pleased not only to tell you the gospel of God but also to spend time with you and to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you had become very dear to us + +"we cared for you deeply" + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# our labor and toil + +The words "labor" and "toil" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how hard they worked. AT: "how hard we worked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Night and day we were working so that we might not weigh down any of you + +"We worked hard to make our own living so you would not need to support us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/10.md b/1th/02/10.md index 86422a7d46..c9ae86c8c8 100644 --- a/1th/02/10.md +++ b/1th/02/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# holy, righteous, and blameless -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Paul uses three words that describe their good behavior toward the Thessalonian believers. -## translationNotes +# as a father deals with his own children -* **holy, righteously, and blamelessly** - Paul uses three words that mean basically the same thing to emphasize that they behaved in a very good way. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **father with his own children** - Paul compares just as a father teaches his children how to behave, they also exhorted and encouraged the believers to walk in a manner that is worthy of God. -* **we exhorted and encouraged you** - The words "exhorted" and "encouraged" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how passionately they encouraged the Thessalonians. AT: "we strongly encouraged you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **to his own kingdom and glory** - The word "glory" describes the word "kingdom." AT: "to his own glorious kingdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +Paul compares how he encouraged the Thessalonians to a father gently teaching his children how to behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We were begging you and encouraging and urging you + +The words "begging," "encouraging," and "urging" are used together to express how passionately Paul's group encouraged the Thessalonians. AT: "We were strongly encouraging you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# into his own kingdom and glory + +The word "glory" describes the word "kingdom." AT: "into his own glorious kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/13.md b/1th/02/13.md index 21ee561da8..9c7b52a1e6 100644 --- a/1th/02/13.md +++ b/1th/02/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul continues to use "we" to refer to himself and his traveling companions and "you" to the Thessalonian believers. -## translationNotes +# we also thank God constantly -* **For this reason...that** - "we continue to thank God constantly for" -* **when you received...** - The Thessalonians believed the message Paul preached as coming from God, not from Paul's own authority. +Paul often thanks God for their acceptance of the gospel message he shared with them. + +# you received it as it truly is, the word of God + +The Thessalonians believed Paul's message as coming from God, not from Paul's own authority. + +# It is this word that is also at work among you who believe + +Paul speaks of God's gospel message as if it were a person who was doing work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/14.md b/1th/02/14.md index f28cca66b2..99dddfbff8 100644 --- a/1th/02/14.md +++ b/1th/02/14.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## translationNotes +# became imitators of the churches -* **became imitators of the churches...** - They experienced similar hostility from other Thessalonians just as the first believers experienced persecution from the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: "became like the churches..." -* **from your own countrymen** - "from other Thessalonians" -* **They forbid us to speak** - "They seek to make us stop speaking" -* **to always fill up their sins** - "to continue to sin" -* **Wrath has come on them ** - "God's punishment has come on them" or God's anger has come on them" +The Thessalonian believers endured persecutions similar to the Judean believers. "became like the churches" + +# from your own countrymen + +"from other Thessalonians" + +# They forbid us to speak + +"They try to make us stop speaking" + +# they always fill up their own sins + +Paul speaks as though someone can fill a container with their own sins as with liquid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wrath must come on them in the end + +This refers to God finally judging and punishing people for their sins. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/17.md b/1th/02/17.md index f6d97b1005..4910f54da3 100644 --- a/1th/02/17.md +++ b/1th/02/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +This means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## translationNotes +# in person not in heart -* **in presence, not in heart** - "physically but continued to pray for you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **see your face** - "see you" or "be with you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I Paul once and again** - "I Paul tried twice" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **For what is our confidence...at his coming?** - AT: "Our confidence for the future, joy, and crown of glory is you and others at the coming of our Lord Jesus." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "heart" represents thoughts and emotions. Though Paul and those traveling with him were not present physically in Thessalonica, they continued to care and think about the believers there. AT: "in person, but we continued to think about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to see your face + +Here "your face" means the entire person. AT: "to see you" or "to be with you"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I, Paul, wished to come to you once and again + +"I, Paul, tried to come to you more than once" + +# For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of pride in front of our Lord Jesus at his coming? Is it not you just as much as others? + +Paul uses questions to emphasize the reasons he wants to come see the Thessalonian believers. AT: "For you, as much as the other believers, are our confidence for the future, and joy, and crown of pride in front of our Lord Jesus at his coming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# our hope ... Is it not you + +By "hope" Paul means the assurance he has that God will reward him for his work. The Thessalonian Christians are the reason for his hope. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# or joy + +The Thessalonians are the reason for his joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# crown of pride + +Here "crown" refers to a laurel wreath awarded to victorious athletes. The expression "crown of pride" means a reward for victory, or having done well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/intro.md b/1th/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ddf940c190 --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Thessalonians 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Christian witness ##### +Paul values his "Christian witness" as evidence for the truth of the gospel. The godliness or holiness of a Christian is said to bear witness to the non-Christian. Paul defends himself against attacks against his character, so that his witness is not tainted. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Christian living ##### +Under the law of Moses, people were required to offer sacrifices of animals or grain in the temple. Since physical sacrifices are no longer required, Christians are required to live their lives as a type of sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Thessalonians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/01.md b/1th/03/01.md index 3295e7497e..00c6e8ef4e 100644 --- a/1th/03/01.md +++ b/1th/03/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Paul tells the believers he has sent Timothy to strengthen their faith. -## translationNotes +# we could no longer bear it -* **we could no longer bear it** - "we could no longer endure worrying about you." The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but excludes the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **good to be left behind at Athens alone** - "good for Silvanus and I to stay behind in Athens" -* **Athens** - a city in Achaia province which is now modern day Greece (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **our brother** - "our fellow Christian" -* **no one would be disturbed** - "no one would be troubled" or "no one would be moved" -* **we are appointed** - "we are destined" +"we could no longer endure worrying about you" + +# good to be left behind at Athens alone + +"good for Silvanus and me to stay behind in Athens" + +# good + +"proper" or "reasonable" + +# Athens + +This is a city in the Achaia province, which is now modern-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# our brother and fellow worker + +These two expressions both describe Timothy. + +# no one would be shaken + +To be "shaken" is an idiom for being afraid. AT: "no one would be frightened away from trusting in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we have been appointed + +Paul assumes that everyone knows that it was God who appointed them. This can be made explicit. AT: "God has appointed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/04.md b/1th/03/04.md index e293abe3ce..2335583ff4 100644 --- a/1th/03/04.md +++ b/1th/03/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"Certainly" or "Surely" -## translationNotes +# to suffer affliction -* **we were with you** - The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not his audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **to suffer affliction** - "to be mistreated by others" -* **I could no longer stand it** - The pronoun I refers to Paul. "I wanted so badly to know". (UDB) -* **I could no longer stand it** - "Stand it" is an idiom for "wanted to know with great desire." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I sent** - "I sent Timothy" -* **in vain** - "useless" +"to be mistreated by others" + +# I could no longer stand it + +Paul was describing his own emotions by using an idiom. AT: "I could not longer wait patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I sent + +It is implied that Paul sent Timothy. This can be made explicit. AT: "I sent Timothy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# our labor + +"our hard work among you" or "our teaching among you" + +# in vain + +"useless" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/06.md b/1th/03/06.md index c2b700934f..1320c6b41b 100644 --- a/1th/03/06.md +++ b/1th/03/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Paul tells his readers about Timothy's report after he returned from visiting them. -## translationNotes +# came to us -* **came to us** - The word "us" refers to Paul and Silvanus but not the Thessalonian believers. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **good news of your faith** - "a good report of your faith" -* **you always have good memories** - "you frequently have good memories" -* **you long to see us** - "you desire to see us" -* **through your faith** - "through your faith in Christ" or Through you ongoing belief in Christ". (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in all our distress and affliction** - The word "affliction" explains why they are in "distress." AT: "in all our distress caused by how people afflict us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The word "us" refers to Paul and Silvanus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# the good news of your faith + +It is understood that this refers to faith in Christ. This can be made explicit. AT: "a good report of your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you always have good memories + +When they think of Paul, they always have good thoughts about him. + +# you long to see us + +"you desire to see us" + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. + +# because of your faith + +This refers to faith in Christ. This can be made explicit. AT: "because of your faith in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in all our distress and affliction + +The word "affliction" explains why they are in "distress." AT: "in all our distress caused by our afflictions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/08.md b/1th/03/08.md index 5850a95e44..4ee1e3d29b 100644 --- a/1th/03/08.md +++ b/1th/03/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# we live -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +This is an idiom that expresses living a satisfied life. AT: "we are very encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# if you stand firm in the Lord -* **For now we live** - "We are very encouraged" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **now we live** - The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, but excludes the Thessalonians. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **you stand firm** - This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "you are trusting very much" (UDB) (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **For what thanks can we give to God for you, for all the joy that we have before our God over you?** - This is a rhetorical question to express gratefulness. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) Alternate translation: "We cannot thank God enough for what he has done for you! We greatly rejoice over you when we pray to our God!" -* **Night and day** - "frequently" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **very hard** - "fervently" -* **see your face** - "visit you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +To "stand firm" is an idiom meaning to continue being faithful. AT: "if you continue to trust in the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For what thanks can we give to God for you, for all the joy that we have before our God over you? + +This rhetorical question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We cannot thank God enough for what he has done for you! We greatly rejoice over you when we pray to our God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# before our God + +Paul speaks as if he and his companions were physically in God's presence. He is probably referring to the activity of praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# very hard + +"fervently" + +# see your face + +The word "face" refers to their whole person. AT: "visit you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/11.md b/1th/03/11.md index 698731fe83..0e31c65656 100644 --- a/1th/03/11.md +++ b/1th/03/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +In these verses, the word "our" does not always refer to the same group of people. Please see the translation notes for specifics. -## translationNotes +# May our God ... our Lord Jesus -* **May our God** - "We pray that our God" -* **May our God and...and our Lord Jesus** - The word "our" is including the Thessalonian believers with Paul's company. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **Father himself** - the "himself" referring back to the "Father" is for emphasis. -* **direct our way to you** - Paul is excluding the Thessalonians with the use of "our". (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **we also do** - The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonians. -* **May he do** - "We pray that God will do" -* **at the coming of our Lord Jesus** - "when Jesus comes back to earth" -* **with all his holy ones** - "with all those who belong to him" (UDB) +Paul includes the Thessalonian believers with his ministry team. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# May our God + +"We pray that our God" + +# direct our way to you + +Paul speaks as if he wants God to show him and his companions the route to take to visit the Thessalonian Christians. He means that he wants God to make it possible for them to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# direct our way to you + +The word "our" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Father himself + +Here "himself" refers back to "Father" for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# increase and abound in love + +Paul speaks of love as an object that one could obtain more of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# strengthen your hearts + +Paul refers to the "heart" as the center of one's beliefs and convictions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the coming of our Lord Jesus + +"when Jesus comes back to earth" + +# with all his holy ones + +"with all those who belong to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/intro.md b/1th/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb9c276922 --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Thessalonians 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Standing ##### +In this chapter, standing is used as a way to illustrate steadfastness. This is a common way to describe steadfastness or faithfulness. The opposite of steadfastness is described as "shaking" in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Thessalonians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/01.md b/1th/04/01.md index 15582b4111..21d5a8a32d 100644 --- a/1th/04/01.md +++ b/1th/04/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. -## translationNotes +# we encourage and exhort you -* **we encourage and exhort you** - Here the word "we" refers to Paul, Timothy and Silvanus but not the Thessalonians. The words "encourage" and "exhort" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how strongly they encourage them. AT: "we strongly encourage you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **you received instructions from** - "you were taught by" -* **you must walk** - "Walk" is an expression for the way one is to live. Alternate Translation: "you ought to live." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Paul uses "encourage" and "exhort" to emphasize how strongly they encourage the believers. AT: "we strongly encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you received instructions from us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you must walk + +Here "walk" is an expression for the way one is to live. AT: "you ought to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through the Lord Jesus + +Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were given by Jesus himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/03.md b/1th/04/03.md index a1c246af68..f65b0b0290 100644 --- a/1th/04/03.md +++ b/1th/04/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# you avoid sexual immorality -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +"you stay away from sexually immoral acts" -## translationNotes +# know how to possess his own vessel -* **you abstain from sexual immorality** - "you stay away from sexually immoral acts" -* **know how to possess** - "know how to live with" -* **lustful passion** - "wrongful sexual desire" -* **no man** - "no one" or "no person" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_gendernotations]]) -* **transgress and wrong** - This is a doublet stating the same idea in two ways to reinforce the concept. Alternate translation: "wrong". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the Lord is an avenger** - "the Lord will punish the one who transgressed and will defend the one who was wronged" -* **forewarned you and testified** - "told you and strongly warned you against" +Possible meanings are 1) "know how to live with his own wife" or 2) "know how to control his own body" + +# in the passion of lust + +"with wrongful sexual desire" + +# no man + +Here "man" refers to a man or a woman. "no one" or "no person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# transgress and wrong + +This is a doublet stating the same idea in two ways to reinforce the concept. AT: "do wrong things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the Lord is an avenger + +This can be made explicit. AT: "the Lord will punish the one who transgressed and will defend the one who was wronged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# forewarned you and testified + +"told you beforehand and strongly warned against" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/07.md b/1th/04/07.md index 1a5ee99d5c..4dfff1a41d 100644 --- a/1th/04/07.md +++ b/1th/04/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# God did not call us to uncleanness, but to holiness -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "God called us to cleanness and holiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# God did not call us -* **God did not call us** - "us" refers to all believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **he who rejects this** - "whoever disregards this teaching" or "whoever ignores this teaching" +The word "us" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# he who rejects this + +"whoever disregards this teaching" or "whoever ignores this teaching" + +# rejects not people, but God + +Paul stresses that this teaching is not from man, but from God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/09.md b/1th/04/09.md index 08d103d80d..1122eb5aca 100644 --- a/1th/04/09.md +++ b/1th/04/09.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# brotherly love -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +"love for fellow believers" -## translationNotes +# you do this for all the brothers who are in all Macedonia -* **brotherly love** - "love for fellow believers" -* **you do it to all the brothers who are in all Macedonia** - "you show love to the believers throughout Macedonia" -* **to aspire** - "to pursue" or "to strive earnestly" -* **mind your own business** - Not to interfere with the concerns other people. Alternate Translation: "attend to your own needs." -* **work with your hands** - "work at your own jobs to earn what you need to live" -* **walk properly** - "behave in a respectful and worthy manner" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **those who are outside the faith** - "those who are not believers in Christ" -* **you may have need of nothing** - "you may not need anything" +"you show love to the believers throughout Macedonia" + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. + +# to aspire + +"to try to" + +# live quietly + +Paul uses the word "quietly" as a metaphor to describe living at peace in one's community and not causing strife. AT: "live in a calm and orderly way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# take care of your own responsibilities + +"do your own work" or "take care of the things that your are responsible to do." This may also imply that we should not gossip and interfere in other people's concerns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# work with your hands + +This is a metaphor for living a productive life. AT: "work at your own jobs to earn what you need to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walk properly + +This metaphor describes how believers should relate to those in their communities. AT: "behave in a respectful and worthy manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before outsiders + +Paul speaks of those who do not believer in Christ as if they are outside of a place away from the believers. AT: "in the sight of those who do not believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/13.md b/1th/04/13.md index 97a575abb4..5eb1f012a5 100644 --- a/1th/04/13.md +++ b/1th/04/13.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul talks about believers who have died, who are still alive, and those who will be alive when Christ returns. -## translationNotes +# We do not want you to be uninformed -* **We do not** - The pronoun "We" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy but not the Thessalonians. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **We do not want you to misunderstand** - "We want you to understand". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **you do not grieve** - "you do not mourn" -* **like the rest who do not have no certainty of the future** - "like the people who do not believe" -* **if we believe** - The pronoun "we" refers Paul and his audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **rose again** - "rose to live again" -* **will bring with Jesus those who have fallen asleep in him** - "will raise up the believers who have died with Jesus when he returns" -* **For this we say** - The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy but not the Thessalonians. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **at the coming of the Lord** - "at the day of Christ's return" -* **will surely not precede** - "will surely not go before" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "We want you to be informed" or "We want you to know" + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. + +# those who sleep + +Here "sleep" is a euphemism for those who are dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# so that you do not grieve like the rest + +"because we do not want you grieve like the rest" + +# grieve + +"mourn" + +# like the rest who do not have no hope + +"like people who do not have hope." It can be stated clearly what those people do not have hope about. AT: "like people who do not have the hope of rising from the dead" or "like people who do not have the confident expectation of rising from the dead" + +# if we believe + +Here "we" refers to Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# rose again + +"rose to live again" + +# those who have fallen asleep in him + +Here "fallen asleep" is a polite way to refer to having died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# at the coming of the Lord + +"when the Lord returns" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/16.md b/1th/04/16.md index 5dc0acb843..8e46e1604c 100644 --- a/1th/04/16.md +++ b/1th/04/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the Lord himself will descend -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +"the Lord himself will come down" -## translationNotes +# the archangel -* **the Lord himself will descend** - "the Lord himself will come down" -* **the archangel** - "the chief angel" -* **the dead in Christ will rise first** - "those who believe in Jesus Christ, but who have died, will rise first" -* **we who are alive** - The pronoun "we" refers to all believers. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **with them** - The pronoun "them" refers to the the deceased believers who have been made alive and have already risen to be with Jesus. -* **caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air** - "meet the Lord Jesus in the sky" +"the chief angel" + +# the dead in Christ will rise first + +The "dead in Christ" are those believers who have passed away. AT: "those who believe in Jesus Christ, but who have already died, will rise first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we who are alive + +Here "we" refers to all believers who have not died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# with them + +The word "them" refers to the dead believers who were made alive again. + +# caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air + +"meet the Lord Jesus in the sky" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/intro.md b/1th/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a50f9ce6d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Thessalonians 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sexual immorality ##### +Different cultures have different standards of sexual morality. These different cultural standards may present difficulties in translation. Translators must also be aware of cultural taboos, topics that are considered improper to talk about. + +##### Dying before the return of Christ ##### +In the early church, people wondered what would happen if a person died before the return of Christ. They may have worried whether those dying before the return of Christ would get to partake of the kingdom of God. + +##### "Caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air" ##### +Many scholars believe this passage refers to an event known as the "rapture." This is a time when Jesus calls to himself those who believe in him. For those who hold this viewpoint, the timing of this event is the matter of much speculation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Thessalonians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/01.md b/1th/05/01.md index a08ead40db..1be97a52c2 100644 --- a/1th/05/01.md +++ b/1th/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +Paul continues talking about the day Jesus will come back. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **the times and seasons** - "the time when the Lord Jesus will come back" (UDB) -* **perfectly well** - "very well" or "accurately" (UDB) -* **like a thief in the night** - Just as one doesn't know which night a thief may come to break in and steal, we do not know when the day of the Lord will come. "unexpectedly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **when they say** - "when the people say" -* **then sudden destruction** - "then unexpected destruction" -* **like birth pains on a pregnant woman** - Just as a pregnant woman's birth pains come suddenly and don't stop until the birth is completed, so will the destruction come and they will not escape. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +In this chapter the words "we" and "us" refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the times and seasons + +This refers to the events preceding the Lord Jesus' return. + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. + +# perfectly well + +"very well" or "accurately" + +# like a thief in the night + +Just as one does not know which night a thief may come, we do not know when the day of the Lord will come. AT: "unexpectedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# When they say + +"When the people say" + +# then sudden destruction + +"then unexpected destruction" + +# like birth pains in a pregnant woman + +Just as a pregnant woman's birth pains come suddenly and do not stop until the birth is complete, the destruction will come, and people will not escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/04.md b/1th/05/04.md index f5618b3a23..97e50a9836 100644 --- a/1th/05/04.md +++ b/1th/05/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# you, brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. -## translationNotes +# are not in darkness -* **not like people who live in darkness** - "not like those who belong to this evil world which is like being in darkness" -* **for that day to overtake you like a thief** - For the day when the Lord comes will not surprise you like a thief surprises his victim. TA: "to catch you unprepared" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **you are all sons of the light...not sons of the night** - "sons of the light" refers to followers of Christ and "sons of the night" refers to all others who follow the world. -* **let us not sleep as the rest do** - Paul equates sleeping to not being aware that Jesus will return to Judge the world. TA: "Let us not be like others who are not aware of Jesus coming back." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **let us ** - "us" refers to Paul and the Thessalonians. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **keep watch and be sober** - We are to be alert to Christ's return and be self-controlled. -* **For those who sleep do so at night** - Just as it is at night when people sleep and do not know what is happening, so it is with the world and they do not know that Christ will return. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **those who get drunk do so at night** - Paul is equating that it is at night when people become drunk, so when people are unaware of Christ's return they do not live a self-controlled life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of evil and ignorance about God as if they were darkness. AT: "you are not unknowing, like people who live in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that the day would overtake you like a thief + +The day when the Lord comes should not be a surprise to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# For you are all sons of the light and sons of the day + +Paul speaks of the truth as if it were light and day. AT: "For you know the truth, like people who live in the light, like people during the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We are not sons of the night or the darkness + +Paul speaks of evil and ignorance about God as if they were darkness. AT: We are not unknowing, like people who live in the darkness, like people at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let us not sleep as the rest do + +Paul speaks of spiritual unawareness as if it were sleep. AT: "let us not be like others who are not aware that Jesus is coming back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let us + +The word "us" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# keep watch and be sober + +Paul describes spiritual awareness as the opposite of sleep and drunkenness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For those who sleep do so at night + +Just as when people sleep and do not know what is happening, so the people of this world do not know that Christ will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who get drunk do so at night + +Paul is stating that it is at night when people become drunk, so when people are unaware of Christ's return they do not live a self-controlled life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/08.md b/1th/05/08.md index d36d8557f0..9e1f0bec9c 100644 --- a/1th/05/08.md +++ b/1th/05/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +In verses 8-10 the word "we" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# we belong to the day -* **sons of the day** - This is an expression for believers in christ. AT: "believers in Christ" or "people of the light". (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **let us be sober** - "let us exercise self-control" -* **put on the breastplate of** - As a soldier would put on a breastplate to protect his body, a believer who lives by faith and love will find protection. AT: "protect ourselves with" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for a helmet** - As a helmet protects a soldier's head so does assurance of salvation protect the believer. AT: "and know" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but for the obtainment of salvation** - "but to receive salvation" -* **whether we are awake or asleep** - "whether we are alive or dead" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **build each other up** - "encourage each other" +Paul speaks of knowing the truth about God as belonging to the day. AT: "we know the truth" or "we have received the light of truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we must stay sober + +Paul compares being sober to exercising self-control. AT: "let us exercise self-control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# put on faith and love as a breastplate + +As a soldier would put on a breastplate to protect his body, a believer who lives by faith and love will find protection. AT: "protect ourselves with faith and love" or "protect ourselves by trusting Christ and loving him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the certainty of future salvation for our helmet + +As a helmet protects a soldier's head, assurance of salvation protects the believer. AT: "protect ourselves by being certain that Christ will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whether we are awake or asleep + +These are polite ways of saying alive or dead. AT: "whether we are alive or dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# build each other up + +Here "build" is a metaphor that means encourage. AT: "encourage each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/12.md b/1th/05/12.md index 5a2f86b625..3fe4ba3213 100644 --- a/1th/05/12.md +++ b/1th/05/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul begins to give his final instructions to the church in Thessalonica. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **to acknowledge those who labor ** - to esteem and appreciate those who are involved in leading the local church there. -* **who are over you in the Lord** - These are people who have been appointed to serve as elders and pastors of the local fellowship of believers. -* **consider them highly regarded in love** - "honor and respect them because you love them" +Here "brothers" means fellow believers. + +# to acknowledge those who labor + +"to esteem and appreciate those who are involved in leading" + +# who are over you in the Lord + +This refers to people God appointed to serve as leaders of the local group of believers. + +# regard them highly in love because of their work + +Paul exhorts the believers to love and esteem their church leaders. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/15.md b/1th/05/15.md index 5de66b9e05..8737183a27 100644 --- a/1th/05/15.md +++ b/1th/05/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Rejoice always. Pray without ceasing. In everything give thanks -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Paul is exhorting the believers to maintain a spiritual attitude of rejoicing in all things, being vigilant in prayer, and expressing thankfulness in all things. -## translationNotes +# In everything -* ***Rejoice always, pray without ceasing, in everything give thanks** - Paul is exhorting the believers to maintain a spiritual attitude of rejoicing in all things, being vigilant in prayer and expressing thankfulness in all things. +In all circumstances + +# For this is the will of God + +Paul is referring to the behavior he just mentioned as being God's will for the believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/19.md b/1th/05/19.md index 90a2945f67..f52effa385 100644 --- a/1th/05/19.md +++ b/1th/05/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not quench the Spirit -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +"Do not stop the Holy Spirit from working among you" -## translationNotes +# Do not despise prophecies -* **Do not quench the Spirit** - "do not stop the Holy spirit from working among you" -* **Do not despise prophecies** - "Do not have contempt for prophecies" or "do not hate anything the holy spirit tells someone." -* **Test all things ** - it is good to make sure that the works or words are from God's Spirit, it is the truth. +"Do not have contempt for prophecies" or "Do not hate anything the Holy Spirit tells someone" + +# Test all things + +"Make sure that all messages that seem to come from God truly come from him" + +# Hold on to what is good + +Paul speaks of messages from the Holy Spirit as if they were objects that one could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/23.md b/1th/05/23.md index 1a0c6d91c9..390f10769a 100644 --- a/1th/05/23.md +++ b/1th/05/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# make you completely holy -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This refers to God making a person sinless and perfect in his sight. -## translationNotes +# May your whole spirit, soul, and body be preserved without blame -* **sanctify you completely** - "set you apart" or "make you without fault so that you do not sin" (UDB) -* **your whole spirit, soul, and body** - This is a parallelism where the terms spirit, soul, and body have similar meanings but are used here for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **be preserved without blame at** - "be kept from sinning until" -* **Faithful is he who calls you** - AT: "He is faithful who calls you" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **who will also do it** - "who will be helping you" +Here "spirit, soul, and body" represent the whole person. If your language does not have three words for these parts you can state it as "your whole life" or "you." This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God make your whole life without sin" or "May God keep you completely blameless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Faithful is he who calls you + +"He is faithful who calls you" + +# the one who will also do it + +"he will be helping you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/25.md b/1th/05/25.md index 86ecb05516..2f6fc2d31b 100644 --- a/1th/05/25.md +++ b/1th/05/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Paul gives his closing statements. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **I request of you by the Lord** - "I ask you, as if the Lord was speaking to you," +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. + +# I solemnly charge you by the Lord to have this letter read + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I urge you, as if the Lord were speaking to you, to have people read this letter" or "With the authority of the Lord I direct you to read this letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/intro.md b/1th/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d0aefcef85 --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 1 Thessalonians 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The end of this chapter forms a conclusion typical of a letter in the ancient Near East. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Day of the Lord ##### +The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will be a surprise to the world. This is what the simile "like a thief in the night" means. Because of this, Christians are to be prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +##### Quench the Spirit ##### +This means to ignore the Holy Spirit's guidance and to ignore the work he is trying to do through a person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Thessalonians 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/front/intro.md b/1th/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec1256806a --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Thessalonians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 1 Thessalonians #### + +1. Greeting (1:1) +1. Prayer of thanksgiving for the Thessalonian Christians (1:2-10) +1. Paul's ministry in Thessalonica (2:1-16) +1. Paul's concerns for their spiritual growth + - Like a mother (2:7) + - Like a father (2:11) +1. Practical instructions + - Live to please God (4:1-12) + - Comfort regarding those who have died (4:12-18) + - Christ's return is a motive for godly living (5:1-11) +1. Closing blessings, thanks, and prayers (5:12-22) + +#### What is the Book of 1 Thessalonians about? #### + +Paul wrote this letter to the believers in the city of Thessalonica after he had been forced by Jewish riots to suddenly leave the city. In this letter, he explains that in spite of that event, he viewed his visit to them as a success. + +Paul is also responding in this letter to news about the Thessalonian believers that Timothy had brought him. He encourages the believers to live in a way that honors God, and in a way that they will be ready for Jesus Christ when he comes again in triumph. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "1 Thessalonians" or "First Thessalonians." They may instead prefer to choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's First Letter to the Church in Thessalonica," or "The First Letter to the Christians in Thessalonica." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the "second coming" of Jesus? #### + +The Book of 1 Thessalonians focuses on Jesus' eventual return to Earth. At this time, Christ will judge all mankind; he will also begin his full rule as king, bringing peace to all creation. + +#### What happens to those who die before the return of Christ? #### + +There are many different interpretations of the events surrounding the return of Christ. What is universally understood about Paul's teaching here is that those who died before the return of Christ will enter into the Lord's presence. This news should encourage believers. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Thessalonians? #### + +The texts of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The following are the most significant issues in the Book of 1 Thessalonians: + +* "Grace and peace to you." (1:1) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have the reading: "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." +* "Instead, we were as gentle among you as a mother comforting her own children." (2:7) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Other modern versions read, "Instead, we were like babies among you, as when a mother comforts her own children." +* "Timothy, our brother and fellow worker for God." (3:2) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some other versions have the reading: "Timothy, our brother and servant of God." + + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/01.md b/1ti/01/01.md index 00bd12df41..4044c6f81e 100644 --- a/1ti/01/01.md +++ b/1ti/01/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +In this book, unless otherwise noted, the word "our" refers to Paul and Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), as well as to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Paul, an apostle -* **Paul** - "From Paul" or "I, Paul, write this letter." -* **according to the commandment of** - "by the command of" or "by the authority of" or "because God has commanded me to be an apostle" -* **our … our … our** - Paul is talking about himself, Timothy, and probably other people as well. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **God our savior** - "God who saved us." -* **Christ Jesus our hope** - "Christ Jesus, who is our hope" or "Christ Jesus in whom we put our confidence about the future." -* **To Timothy** - "This letter is for Timothy." -* **true son ** - This phrase compares the close relationship between Timothy and Paul to that of a father and a son. Timothy was not Paul's actual son, but he gave Paul the same level of honor, obedience, and service that any son could give his father. AT: “You are like a real son to me” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Grace, mercy and peace from** - "May grace, mercy and peace be yours from," or "May you experience, kindness, mercy and peace within from." -* **God our Father ** - "God, who is our Father." -* **and Christ Jesus our Lord** - "and Christ Jesus, who is our Lord." +"I, Paul, wrote this letter. I am an apostle." Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Immediately after introducing the writer, you may want to indicate to whom the letter was written, as in the UDB. + +# according to the commandment of + +"by the command of" or "by the authority of" + +# God our Savior + +"God who saves us" + +# Christ Jesus our confidence + +Here "our confidence" refers to the person in whom we have confidence. AT: "Christ Jesus, who is the one in whom we have confidence" or "Christ Jesus, whom we trust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# true son in the faith + +Paul speaks of his close relationship to Timothy as though they were father and son. This shows Paul's sincere love and approval of Timothy. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. AT: "who is truly like a son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Grace, mercy, and peace + +"May grace, mercy, and peace be yours," or "May you experience kindness, mercy, and peace" + +# God the Father + +"God, who is our Father." Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Christ Jesus our Lord + +"Christ Jesus, who is our Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/03.md b/1ti/01/03.md index 4fb57ba7e2..ff83b87592 100644 --- a/1ti/01/03.md +++ b/1ti/01/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:doctrine]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] +Paul encourages Timothy to reject the wrong use of the law and use good teaching from God. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **I urged you ** - "As I pleaded with you," or "As I asked you with authority," or "I told you." -* **you** - singular (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **remain in Ephesus ** - "wait for me there in the city of Ephesus" -* **Neither should they pay attention** - "Nor should they give close attention" or "Also command them not to pay attention" -* **genealogies** - A genealogy is the written or verbal record of a person's parents and ancestors. These were very important in Jewish culture as they established which tribe one was in within the people of Israel. Matthew 1 and Luke 3 are good biblical examples. -* **which cause arguments** - "which make people angrily disagree." The people debate about stories and genealogies about which no one can know the truth for certain. -* **rather than helping the plan of God** - "rather than advancing the plan of God" or "rather than managing what is from God" -* **which is by faith** - "which is received by faith or "which is accomplished by faith" +The word "you" in this letter is singular and refers to Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# As I urged you + +"As I pleaded with you" or "As I asked you very strongly" + +# remain in Ephesus + +"wait for me there in the city of Ephesus" + +# a different doctrine + +The implied information can be stated explicitly. AT: "a different doctrine from what we teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Neither should they pay attention + +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "And I also want you to command them not to pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to stories + +These may have been stories about their ancestors. + +# endless genealogies + +With the word "endless" Paul uses exaggeration to emphasize that the genealogies are very long. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# genealogies + +"lists of ancestors." A genealogy is the written or verbal record of a person's parents and ancestors. These were very important in Israel, as they established which tribe one was included in the people of Israel. + +# These cause arguments + +"These make people angrily disagree." The people debated about stories and genealogies about which no one could know the truth for certain. + +# rather than helping the plan of God, which is by faith + +Possible meanings are 1) "rather than helping us to understand God's plan to save us, which we learn by faith" or 2) "rather than helping us to do God's work, which we do by faith." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/05.md b/1ti/01/05.md index c0b58a82f6..9f97e63c79 100644 --- a/1ti/01/05.md +++ b/1ti/01/05.md @@ -1,26 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Paul explains the purpose of what he is commanding Timothy. -## translationNotes +# the commandment -* **the goal of the commandment** - "the aim of the instruction" or "what we apostles are telling you to do" -* **commandment** - or "order. Here this does not mean the Old Testament or the Ten commandments but rather the charge given in 1:3 by Paul. -* **love** - Possible meanings are 1) love for God (UDB) or 2) love for one's neighbor. -* **from a pure heart** - "desiring to have no sin in anything you do." -* **good conscience ** - "a conscience that has chosen right over wrong" or "a conscience that can choose right over wrong" -* **sincere** - "honest" or "true" or "without hypocrisy." This is the negative of the word for an actor on a stage: -* **law** - The Law of Moses is meant. -* **but they do not understand ** - "even though they do not understand," or "and yet they do not understand." -* **what they insist on** - "what they strongly say" or "what they state with confidence" -* **But** - "Now" -* **we know that the law is good ** - "we understand that the law is useful" or "we understand that the law is beneficial" -* **if one uses it lawfully ** - "if anyone uses it correctly" or "if anyone uses it the way it is intended for" +Here this does not mean the Old Testament or the Ten Commandments but rather the instructions that Paul gives in [1 Timothy 1:3-4](./03.md). + +# is love + +Possible meanings are 1) "is to love God" or 2) "is to love people." + +# from a pure heart + +Here "pure" means the person does not have hidden motives to do wrong. Here "heart" refers to a person's mind and thoughts. AT: "from a mind that is honest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# good conscience + +"a conscience that chooses right instead wrong" + +# sincere faith + +"genuine faith" or "a faith without hypocrisy" + +# Some people have missed the mark + +Paul speaks of faith in Christ as if it were a target at which to aim. Paul means that some people are not fulfilling the purpose of their faith, which is to love as he just explained in 1:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have turned away from these things + +Here "turned away" is an idiom that means they have stopped doing what God has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# teachers of the law + +Here "law" refers to the law of Moses. + +# but they do not understand + +"even though they do not understand" or "and yet they do not understand" + +# what they so confidently affirm + +"what they so confidently state is true" + +# we know that the law is good + +"we understand that the law is useful" or "we understand that the law is beneficial" + +# if one uses it lawfully + +"if a person uses it correctly" or "if a person uses it the way God intended" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/09.md b/1ti/01/09.md index 0236668366..634197fc40 100644 --- a/1ti/01/09.md +++ b/1ti/01/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# We know this -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:doctrine]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"Because we realize this" or "We also know this" -## translationNotes +# that law is not made for a righteous man -* **And we know this** - "That is, we understand this or "Because we realize this" or "We also know this" -* **not made for a righteous man** - "not given for a righteous person" or "not given to a person who obeys it" or "not given to a person who is righteous before God" -* **for those who kill their fathers and mothers** - "murderers of their fathers and also murderers of their mothers" or "those who physically hurt their fathers and mothers" -* **sexually immoral people** - This is literally the masculine form of the word for female prostitute. In other places it is used as a metaphor for people unfaithful to God, but in this case the meaning seems to be extended to include anyone who sleeps with someone outside of marriage. -* **homosexuals** - "men who sleep with other men." The word in Greek is specific to a man who sleeps with with another man. -* **those who kidnap people for slaves** - "those who kidnap people to sell as slaves" or "those who take people to sell as slaves" -* **sound doctrine** - "correct teachings" or "instructions that are true" -* **the glorious gospel of the blessed God** - "the gospel about the glory that belongs to the blessed God" or "the gospel of the glorious and blessed God" -* **with which I have been entrusted** - "which God has given me and made me responsible for" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God did not make the law for the righteous man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a righteous man + +Here "man" includes both male and female. AT: "a righteous person" or "a good person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# It is made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God made the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sexually immoral people + +This refers to anyone who sleeps with someone to whom they are not married. + +# homosexuals + +"men who sleep with other men" + +# those who kidnap people for slaves + +"those who kidnap people to sell as slaves" or "those who take people to sell as slaves" + +# for whatever else is against faithful instruction + +"for those who do anything else that is against true Christian teaching" + +# the glorious gospel of the blessed God + +"the gospel about the glory that belongs to the blessed God" or "the gospel of the glorious and blessed God" + +# with which I have been entrusted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which God has given me and made me responsible for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/12.md b/1ti/01/12.md index f2b12ceef4..90509ca524 100644 --- a/1ti/01/12.md +++ b/1ti/01/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] +Paul tells how he acted in the past and encourages Timothy to trust God. -## translationNotes +# he considered me faithful -* **And I thank ** - "I am grateful" or "I am thankful" -* **he considered me faithful** - "he considered me trustworthy" or "'he thought I would be reliable" -* **and placed me into service ** - "so he appointed me to the ministry" or "since he put me in a position to serve" -* **me, a former blasphemer ** - "even though I spoke evil against Christ" or "someone who was a blasphemer in the past" -* **violent man** - "a person who hurts others." This is a person who believes that he has the right to hurt others. -* **But I received mercy ** - "yet I received mercy from God" or "yet God showed his mercy on me" -* **because I acted ignorantly in unbelief ** - explanation -* **But** - "And" -* **overflowed with faith and love** - "was in great abundance" or "was more than enough" +"he considered me trustworthy" or "he regarded me as reliable" + +# he placed me into service + +Paul speaks of the task of serving God as if it were a place that one could be placed in. AT: "he assigned me to serve him" or "he appointed me as his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was a blasphemer + +"I was a person who spoke evil against Christ." Paul is referring to his character before he was a Christian. + +# a persecutor + +"a person who persecuted those who believed in Christ" + +# violent man + +"a person was cruel towards other people." This is a person who believes he has the right to hurt others. + +# But I received mercy because I acted ignorantly in unbelief + +"But because I did not believe in Jesus, and I did not know what I was doing, I received mercy from Jesus" + +# I received mercy + +"Jesus showed me mercy" or "Jesus had mercy on me" + +# But the grace + +"And the grace" + +# the grace of our Lord overflowed + +Paul speaks of God's grace as if it were a liquid that could fill a container and spill out of the top when the container is full. AT: "God showed me much grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with faith and love + +This is the result of God showing much grace to Paul. AT: "which caused me to trust in Jesus and love him" + +# that is in Christ Jesus + +This speaks about Jesus as if he were a container that holds a liquid. Here "in Christ Jesus" refers to having a relationship with Jesus. AT: "that Christ Jesus enables me to give to God because I am united to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/15.md b/1ti/01/15.md index 58af911b50..6905f5b8df 100644 --- a/1ti/01/15.md +++ b/1ti/01/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# This message is reliable -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"This statement is true" -## translationNotes +# worthy of all acceptance -* **This message is reliable ** - "This statement is true" -* **worthy of all acceptance ** - "can be received without any doubt" or "deserve to be accepted with full confidence" -* **I was first given mercy ** - "God showed me mercy first" or "I obtained mercy from God first" -* **the king of the ages** - "the eternal king" or 'the chief ruler forever." -* **be honor and glory** - may He be honored and given glory" or "may people honor and give glory to you" +"we should receive it without any doubt" or "deserves for us to accept it with full confidence" + +# I was given mercy + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God showed me mercy" or "I obtained mercy from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that in me, the foremost + +"so that through me, the worst sinner" + +# Now ... Amen + +The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Paul praises God. + +# the king of the ages + +"the eternal king" or "the chief ruler forever" + +# Now to the king of the ages, the immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever + +The abstract nouns "honor" and "glory" can be stated as verbs. AT: "Now may people forever honor and glorify the king of the ages, who is immortal, invisible, and the only God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/18.md b/1ti/01/18.md index a3f20c845d..e871cb7a52 100644 --- a/1ti/01/18.md +++ b/1ti/01/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# I am placing this command before you -* [[en:tw:Conscience]] -* [[en:tw:Timothy]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Paul speaks of his instructions as if he could physically put them in front of Timothy. AT: "I am entrusting you with this command" or "This is what I am commanding you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my child -* **I set this command before you ** - "This command I give to you"" or "This command I entrust to you" -* **child** - This is a more general word than //son// or //daughter//, but it still denotes kinship with the father. Paul uses this as a metaphor for his love for Timothy. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **engage in the good fight** - "participate in a struggle that is worth the effort" or "work hard to defeat enemies." This is a metaphor that means "work hard for the Lord" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **have been shipwrecked in respect to the faith** - Paul uses another metaphor to compare the condition of their faith to a ship that has been wrecked on the rocks. The metaphor means "what has happened to their faith is a disaster" (UDB). You should use this or a similar metaphor if it will be understood in your language. -* **they may be taught** - "that God may teach them" +Paul speaks of his close relationship to Timothy as though Paul is the father and Timothy is the child. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. AT: "who is truly like my child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in accordance with the prophecies previously made about you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in agreement with what other believers prophesied about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fight the good fight + +Paul speaks about Timothy working for the Lord as if he were a soldier fighting a battle. AT: "continue to work hard for the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a good conscience + +"a conscience that chooses right instead wrong." See how you translated this in [1 Timothy 1:5](./05.md). + +# some have shipwrecked their faith + +Paul speaks of these people's faith as if it were a ship that could be wrecked at sea. He means that they have ruined their faith and no longer believe in Jesus. You should use this or a similar metaphor if it will be understood in the project language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hymenaeus ... Alexander + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# whom I gave over to Satan + +Paul speaks as if he physically handed these men to Satan. This probably means that Paul rejected them from the community of believers. Since they are no longer a part of the community, Satan can have power of them and harm them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they may be taught + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God may teach them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/intro.md b/1ti/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3be3f37806 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 1 Timothy 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Spiritual children ##### +Paul calls Timothy his "son." Paul was very involved in discipling Timothy in his faith. Therefore, he called him his "spiritual" son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Genealogies ##### + +This is probably a reference to some people's speculation about who the Messiah was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Play on words ##### +The phrase "the law is good if one uses it lawfully" is a pun or play on words. "Law" and "lawfully" sound similar. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Timothy intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/01.md b/1ti/02/01.md index 4a9abe2fa5..518c06f266 100644 --- a/1ti/02/01.md +++ b/1ti/02/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul encourages Timothy to pray for all people. -## translationNotes +# first of all -* **first of all** - "most important" or "before anything else." It is the practice of prayer (making requests, prayers, intercessions and thanksgivings) that is most important. Paul is not saying that he urges first, nor that it be first all men for whom believers pray. -* **I urge ** - "I plead" or 'I ask" -* **dignity** - "in a way for which people will respect us." When paired with godliness, it means "in a way for which other people will honor God and respect us." +"most important" or "before anything else" + +# I urge that requests, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I urge all believers to make requests, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgiving to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I urge + +"I plead" or "I ask" + +# a peaceful and quiet life + +Here "peaceful" and "quiet" mean the same thing. Paul wants all believers to be able to live calm lives without trouble from the authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in all godliness and dignity + +"that honors God and that other people will respect" + +# He desires all people to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God desires to save all people and for them to come to the knowledge of the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to come to the knowledge of the truth + +Paul speaks of learning the truth about God as if it were a place to which people could be brought. AT: "to know and accept what is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/05.md b/1ti/02/05.md index 65cba90fd7..6a1b85cdc2 100644 --- a/1ti/02/05.md +++ b/1ti/02/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# one mediator for God and man -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mediator]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +A mediator is a person who helps negotiate a peaceful settlement between two parties who disagree with each other. Here Jesus helps sinners enter into a peaceful relationship with God. -## translationNotes +# gave himself -* **one mediator between God and man** - A mediator is a person who helps negotiate a peaceful settlement by two parties who do not agree with each other. It is here used for Jesus who helps sinners to enter into a peaceful relationship with God. -* **gave himself** - "died willingly" -* **as a ransom ** - "as a price of freedom" or "as a payment to obtain freedom" -* **the testimony at the right time ** - "this is his testimony at the right time" or "the testimony during these times" -* **For this purpose** - "For this" or "For this reason" or "For this testimony" -* **was made a herald ** - "was appointed a preacher" or "was appointed by Christ to be a preacher" -* **I speak truth ** - "I am saying the truth" or "I am telling the truth" -* **I do not lie** - "I am not lying" -* **in faith and truth ** - "about faith and truth" or "with faith and truth" +"died willingly" + +# as a ransom + +"as a price of freedom" or "as a payment to obtain freedom" + +# as the testimony at the right time + +It can be made explicit that this was the testimony that God wants to save all people. AT: "as the proof at the right time that God wants to save all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# at the right time + +This means that this was the time that God had chosen. + +# For this purpose + +"For this" or "For this reason" + +# I myself, was made a herald and an apostle + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Christ made me, Paul, a preacher and an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I am a teacher of the Gentiles in faith and truth + +"I teach the Gentiles the message of faith and truth." Here, Paul may be using "faith" and truth" to express one idea. AT: "I teach the Gentiles about the true faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/08.md b/1ti/02/08.md index f851b2cee9..763bb23eed 100644 --- a/1ti/02/08.md +++ b/1ti/02/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:selfcontrol]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Paul finishes his instructions on prayer then gives some special instructions for women. -## translationNotes +# I want men in every place to pray and to lift up holy hands -* **men in every place ** - "the males in all places" or "the males everywhere." -* **and to lift up ** - "by lifting up" or "by raising" -* **holy hands ** - "hands that are set apart for God." This is a metonym for a person who avoids sin. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **without wrath and doubts ** - "without expressing anger towards another and disputing with others" or "without expressing anger towards others and doubting God" -* **with modesty** - "in a way that does not call the wrong type of attention to them" or "in a way that shows proper respect for people and God" -* **with braided hair** - "working hard to make their hair look good" -* **profess godliness through good works** - "want to show that they belong to God by the good things they do" +Here "holy hands" means the entire person is holy. AT: "I want men in every place who are holy to lift up their hands and pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# men in every place + +"the males in all places" or "the males everywhere." Here the word "men" refers specifically to males. + +# lift up holy hands + +It was a normal posture for people to raise their hands while praying. + +# with modesty and self-control + +Both of these words mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing that women should wear clothes that are appropriate and do not attract improper attention from men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# They should not have braided hair + +During Paul's time, many Roman women braided their hair to make themselves attractive. Braiding is only one way a woman can give undue attention to her hair. If braided hair is unknown, it can be stated in a more general way. AT: "They should not have fancy hairstyles" or "They should not have elaborate hairstyle that attract attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pearls + +These are beautiful and valuable white balls that people use as jewelry. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# who profess godliness through good works + +"who want to honor God by the good things they do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/11.md b/1ti/02/11.md index 53a8bd2b03..4c01db87f9 100644 --- a/1ti/02/11.md +++ b/1ti/02/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in silence -* [[en:tw:authority]] +"in quietness" -## translationNotes +# and with all submission -* **A woman should learn ** - "Let a woman learn" or "A woman must learn" -* **in silence ** - "in quietness" or "in quiet behavior" -* **in all compliance** - "ready to obey everything God commands" -* **I do not permit a woman ** - "And I do not allow a woman" +"and submit to what is taught" + +# I do not permit a woman + +"I do not allow a woman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/13.md b/1ti/02/13.md index d1d53e693a..60104acc42 100644 --- a/1ti/02/13.md +++ b/1ti/02/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Adam was formed first -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:eve]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Adam is the one God formed first" or "God created Adam first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# then Eve -* **Adam was formed first** - "Adam is the one God formed first" or "Adam was created first by God" -* **then Eve ** - "then Eve was created" or "next was Eve" -* **And Adam was not deceived** - "And Adam was not the one deceived by the snake" -* **became completely deceived in transgression** - "disobeyed God's command, having been completely deceived." The main point of the clause is that it was Eve, not Adam, who (first) disobeyed God's law. She sinned because she had been completely deceived. -* **she will be saved through bearing children** - "God will keep her safe through the normal course of life." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **if they continue** - "if they remain" or "if they continue living" -* **in faith and love and sanctification** - "in trusting Jesus and loving others and living a holy life" -* **with soundness of mind** - "with self-control" or "with awareness of what is best" +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "and then God formed Eve" or "then God created Eve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Adam was not deceived + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "And Adam was not the one whom the serpent deceived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but the woman was deceived and became a transgressor + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but it was the woman who disobeyed God when the serpent deceived her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she will be saved through bearing children + +Here "she" refers to women in general. Possible meanings are 1) God will keep women physically safe as they give birth to children, or 2) God will save women from their sins through their role as child bearers. + +# she will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will save her" or "God will save women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if they continue + +"if they remain" or "if they continue living." Here "they" refers to women. + +# in faith and love and sanctification + +The abstract nouns here can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "in trusting Jesus and loving others and living a holy life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# with soundness of mind + +Possible meanings for this idiom are 1) "with good judgment," 2) "with modesty," or 3) "with self-control." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# soundness of mind + +If the idiom is retained in translation, the abstract noun "soundness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "a sound mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/intro.md b/1ti/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b5df82ecc --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Timothy 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Peace ##### +Paul encourages the Christians to live peaceful lives by exercising discipline and self-control. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]]) + +##### Women in the church ##### +Paul is probably instructing the women how to use their freedom in Christ in such a way that it does not upset the normal cultural standards for women. Because of the potential for controversy, extra care should be taken in translating these passages. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings" ##### +There is some overlap in meaning to these terms. It is not necessary to view these as perfectly distinct categories. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/01.md b/1ti/03/01.md index 46510be406..513b102fa7 100644 --- a/1ti/03/01.md +++ b/1ti/03/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Paul gives some special instructions on how the overseers of the church should act and be. -## translationNotes +# a good work -* **husband of one wife** - A man must have only one wife. It is unclear if this excludes men who have been previously widowed or divorced, or never married. -* **moderate** - "does nothing to excess" -* **sensible** - "one who thinks in wise ways" or “one who uses sound judgment” or “reasonable” or “rational” or “intelligent” -* **orderly** - "behaves well" -* **hospitable** - "welcomes strangers" -* **not addicted to wine** - "not a drunkard" or "not drinking too much wine" -* **not a brawler** - "not someone who likes to fight and argue" -* **lover of money** - can be a person who steals either directly or through fraud. It can also be someone who works honestly to gain money but does not care properly for other people. -* **a good work** - "an honorable work" +"an honorable task" + +# husband of one wife + +An overseer must have only one wife. It is unclear if this excludes men who have been previously widowed or divorced, or never married. + +# He must be moderate, sensible, orderly, and hospitable + +"He must not do anything to excess, must be reasonable and behave well, and must be friendly to strangers" + +# He must not be addicted to wine, not a brawler, but instead, gentle, peaceful + +"He must neither drink too much alcohol nor like to fight and argue, but instead he must be gentle and peaceful" + +# a lover of money + +"greedy for money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/04.md b/1ti/03/04.md index 5d4ed09c43..5fb6d8f3f8 100644 --- a/1ti/03/04.md +++ b/1ti/03/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He should manage -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +"He should lead" or "He should take care of" -## translationNotes +# with all respect -* **manage his own household well, and his children should obey him with all respect** - Possible meanings are 1) as the overseer's children submit to him they will respect other people (UDB) or 2) the overseer is to respect his family as he manages it. -* **manage his own household** - "take care of his family" or "guide the people who live in his house" -* **with all respect** - The all could refer to "all people" or "at all times" or "in all circumstances." -* **for if a man does not know ** - "but if a man does not know" or "for when a man cannot" or "but assuming a man cannot" -* **how will he care for a church of God** - AT: "he cannot take care of the church of God" or "he will not be able to lead a church of God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the overseer's children should obey and show respect to their father or 2) the overseer's children should show respect to everyone or 3) the overseer should show respect to those in his household as he leads them. + +# all respect + +"complete respect" or "respect at all times" + +# For if a man does not know how to manage + +"For when a man cannot manage" + +# how will he care for a church of God? + +Paul uses a question to teach Timothy. AT: "he cannot take care of a church of God." or "he will not be able to lead a church of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a church of God + +Here "church" refers to a local group of God's people. AT: "a group of God's people" or "the believers over whom he is in charge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/06.md b/1ti/03/06.md index cdf1d20bcd..eb094eca78 100644 --- a/1ti/03/06.md +++ b/1ti/03/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He should not be a new convert -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +"He should not be a new believer" or "He must be a mature believer" -## translationNotes +# fall into condemnation as the devil -* **He should not be a new convert** - "he should not be a new believer" or "he should not be someone who became a believer a short time ago" or "he must be a mature believer" -* **and fall into condemnation like the devil ** - “become proud like the devil did and because of that be condemned as the devil was" -* **He must also have a good reputation with those outside** - "It is necessary that those who do not believe in Jesus think well of him" or "Those outside of the church must also think well of him" (UDB) -* **fall into disgrace** - "bring shame upon himself" or "give anyone reason to disapprove of him” (See: [[en:obe:other:reproach]]) -* **fall into ... the trap of the devil** - "allow the devil to trap him." Satan setting a trap or snare is a metaphor for Satan tricking a believer into unknowingly committing sin. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the experience of being condemned for having done wrong as if it were a hole that a person could fall into. AT: "have God condemn him as he condemned the devil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those outside + +"those outside of the church." Paul speaks of the church as though it were a place, and of unbelievers as though they were physically outside of it. AT: "those who are not Christians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he does not fall into disgrace and the trap of the devil + +Paul speaks of disgrace and the devil causing someone to sin as if they were a hole or a trap into which a person falls. Here "fall into" means to experience. AT: "nothing causes him shame before the unbelievers and so that the devil does not cause him to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/08.md b/1ti/03/08.md index b00dbe672c..aa8b8e8156 100644 --- a/1ti/03/08.md +++ b/1ti/03/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:deacon]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul gives some special instructions on how the deacons of the church and their wives should act and be. -## translationNotes +# Deacons, likewise -* **Deacons, likewise ** - "There are requirements for overseers, there are requirements for deacons too" -* **should be dignified ** - "should be worthy of respect" -* **not double-talkers ** - talkers **- "not saying one thing but meaning another thing" or "not saying one thing to one person and saying something different to another" -* **not drinking too much wine** - "not addicted to much wine" or "not devoted to much wine" -* **not greedy** - "not looking for dishonest gain" -* **They should keep the revealed truth of the faith ** - "They must continue to believe the true message God revealed to us and that we believe." This refers to a truth that had existed for some time but that God was showing to them at that moment. -* **with a clean conscience ** - "with a conscience that knows they have done nothing wrong" -* **They should ... be approved first ** - "They should be evaluated to determine if they are fit to serve" or "They should prove themselves first" -* **because they are above reproach ** - "if no one can find anything wrong with them" or “because they are blameless” or “since they have done nothing wrong.” +"Deacons, like overseers" + +# should be dignified, not double-talkers + +Paul speaks about these people as if they were "double-talkers" or could say two things at once. He means the person says one thing but mean something else. AT: "should act properly and mean what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They should keep the revealed truth of the faith + +"They must continue to believe the true message God revealed to us and that we believe." This refers to a truth that had existed for some time but that God was showing to them at that moment. Paul speaks of true teaching about God as if it were an object that a person could keep with himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the revealed truth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the truth that God revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# faith with a clean conscience + +Paul speaks of a person's knowledge that he has done no wrong as if that knowledge or conscience were clean. AT: "faith, knowing they have tried their hardest to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They should also be approved first + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Other believers should approve of them first" or "They should prove themselves first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be approved + +This means other believers should evaluate those who want to be a deacon and determine if they are fit to serve in the church. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/11.md b/1ti/03/11.md index 8e6d4f6ceb..fbcd209440 100644 --- a/1ti/03/11.md +++ b/1ti/03/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Women in the same way -* [[en:tw:deacon]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Possible meanings are 1) "women" refers to the wives of deacons or 2) "women" refers to female deacons. -## translationNotes +# be dignified -* **Women in the same way ** - "Wives, likewise have requirements" or "deaconesses, there are requirements like deacons." The general term women may apply to women in general, but it seems to apply to deacons' wives or female deacons here because the preceding and following verses clearly speak about deacons. -* **be dignified ** - "act properly" -* **not slanderers ** - "they must not speak evil about other people" -* **moderate ** - "they must not do anything to excess" -* **husbands of one wife ** - A man must have only one wife. It is unclear if this excludes men who have been previously widowed or divorced, or never married. -* **manage well their children and home** - "properly take care of and lead their children and others who live in their houses" -* **For those ** - "For those deacons" or "For those bishops, deacons, and deaconesses" or "For these church leaders" -* **acquire for themselves ** - "receive for themselves" or "gain for themselves" -* **a sure basis** - Possible meanings are 1) a reputation within the Church or 2) a standing before God or 3) a promotion in rank in the Church, e.g., to the standing of bishop. -* **acquire … much boldness in faith** - "gain … great courage to speak about their faith" or "become confident that what they believe is true" or "become confident before men and God because they know what they believe is true" or "acquire … great courage to speak about what they believe in" +"act properly" or "be worthy of respect" + +# They should not be slanderers + +"They must not speak evil about other people" + +# be moderate and + +"not do anything to excess." See how you translated this in [1 Timothy 3:2](./01.md). + +# husbands of one wife + +A man must have only one wife. It is unclear if this excludes men who have been previously widowed, divorced, or never married. See how you translated this in [1 Timothy 3:2](./01.md). + +# manage well their children and household + +"properly take care of and lead their children and others who live in their homes" + +# For those + +"For those deacons" or "For these church leaders" + +# acquire for themselves + +"receive for themselves" or "gain for themselves" + +# a good standing + +The implied meaning may be stated explicitly. AT: "a good reputation among other believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# great confidence in the faith that is in Christ Jesus + +Possible meanings are 1) they will trust in Jesus with even more confidence or 2) they will speak confidently to other people about their faith in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/14.md b/1ti/03/14.md index 30e9ac450b..ec2da3c54d 100644 --- a/1ti/03/14.md +++ b/1ti/03/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul tells Timothy the reason he wrote to him and then describes Christ's godliness. -## translationNotes +# But if I delay -* **I write to you these things ** - "I write these instructions to you" -* **and I hope to come to you soon ** - "although I hope to come to you very soon" -* **but if I delay ** - "but in case I cannot make it there soon" or "but if something prevents me for being there soon" -* **I write so that ** - "I write for the purpose that" -* **the house of God ... must be guided** - "how you must guide the family of God" -* **pillar and support of the truth** - The metaphor is of a large, strong platform on which God displays the truth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) The platform in turn is expressed as a synecdoche of its parts, the base and the upright. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"But in case I cannot go there soon" or "But if something prevents me for being there soon" + +# so that you may know how to behave in the household of God + +Paul speaks of the group of believers as if they were a family. Possible meanings are 1) Paul is referring only to Timothy's behavior in the church. AT: "so that you may know how to conduct yourself as a member of God's family" or 2) Paul is referring to the believers' in general. AT: "so that you all may know how to conduct yourselves as members of God's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# household of God, which is the church of the living God + +This phrase gives us information about "the household of God" rather than making a distinction between a household of God which is the church and one that is not the church. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "house hold of God. Those who belong to the family of God are the community of believers in the living God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# which is the church of the living God, the pillar and support of the truth + +Paul speaks of the believers bearing witness to the truth about Christ as if they were a pillar and a base supporting a building. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "which is the church of the living God. And, by keeping and teaching God's truth, these members of the church support the truth just as a pillar and base support a building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the living God + +Here this expression may be speaking of God as the one who gives life to all, as in the UDB. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/16.md b/1ti/03/16.md index 520d05b56c..77663801e4 100644 --- a/1ti/03/16.md +++ b/1ti/03/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# It is undeniable -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"No one can deny" -## translationNotes +# that the revealed truth of godliness is great -* **And together we agree ** - "And beyond all questions" or "And without any doubt." What follows was probably a song, poem, or creed that the early church used to list important doctrines that all believers shared. -* **in the flesh** - "as a true human being" -* **Great is the revealed truth of godliness** - "The truth that God has revealed to us about how to live godly lives is great" -* **Was justified by the Spirit** - "the Holy Spirit confirmed Jesus was who He said He was" -* **Was proclaimed among nations** - "People in many nations told others about Jesus" -* **Was believed on in the world** - "People in many parts of the world believed in Jesus" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the truth which God revealed is great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He appeared ... up in glory + +This is most likely a song or poem that Paul is quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry you could use it here. If not, you could translate this as regular prose rather than poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) + +# He appeared + +Here "He" is ambiguous. It could refers to "God" or to "Christ." It may be best to translate this as "He." If you must be more specific you could translate it as "Christ who is God" or "Christ." + +# in the flesh + +Paul uses "flesh" here to mean a human being. AT: "as a true human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# was justified by the Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Holy Spirit confirmed that he was who he said he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was seen by angels + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the angels saw him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was proclaimed among nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people in many nations told others about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was believed on in the world + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people in many parts of the world believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was taken up in glory + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God the Father took him up to heaven in glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in glory + +This means he received power from God the Father and he is worthy of honor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/intro.md b/1ti/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5126b30647 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Timothy 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +[1 Timothy 3:16](./16.md) was probably a song, poem, or creed the early church used to list important doctrines believers all shared. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Overseer and Deacons ##### +There is some disagreement over the different titles used for church leaders. Some titles include: overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Character qualities ##### +This chapter lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an overseer in the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/01.md b/1ti/04/01.md index 00df3ff5a5..47859e6a0c 100644 --- a/1ti/04/01.md +++ b/1ti/04/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] +Paul tells Timothy what the Spirit says will happen and encourages him in what he should teach. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **leave the faith** - "stop believing in Jesus" or "depart from what they believe in" -* **in later times** - Possible meanings are 1) times later than Paul's time, "in times to come" or "in the future" or 2) Paul's own time, "during this period of time before the end." -* **and pay attention** - "by giving attention" or "because they are paying attention" or "while listening" or "these are those who pay attention" -* **deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons** - "spirits who trick people and the things that demons teach" -* **through lying hypocrisy** - "taught by hypocrites who tell lies" -* **their own consciences branded** - The metaphor is of masters pressing hot metal against the skin of slaves or animals to make scars that show ownership. Possible meanings are 1) the branding is a mark of identification, "They do this even though they can see that they are hypocrites," or 2) their consciences are numb, "as if they had pressed hot metal against their consciences to make them numb." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Paul starts to tell a new part of the teaching. + +# in later times + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to a time after Paul dies or 2) this is at a latter time in Paul's own life. + +# leave the faith + +Paul speaks of people ceasing to trust in Christ as if they were physically leaving a place or an object. AT: "stop trusting in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and pay attention + +"and give attention" or "because they are paying attention" + +# deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons + +"spirits who trick people and the things that demons teach" + +# demons in lying hypocrisy + +This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "demons. These people will be hypocrites and speak lies" + +# Their own consciences will be branded + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is speaking of people who can no longer tell that they are doing wrong as if their minds are ruined like skin that someone has burned with a hot iron or 2) Paul is speaking of these people as if Satan had put a mark on these people with a hot iron to indicate that they belong to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/03.md b/1ti/04/03.md index db45f38460..b4cab79cc0 100644 --- a/1ti/04/03.md +++ b/1ti/04/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# They will -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"These people will" -## translationNotes +# forbid to marry -* **They will ** - "These people will" -* **forbid to marry ** - "forbid believers to marry" or "prevent believers from marrying" -* **forbid ... to receive foods** - "require people ... to abstain from foods" or "stop people ... from eating foods" or "not allow people ... to eat certain foods." The "people" here are probably "believers" (UDB). -* **believers who came to know the truth ** - "believers who know the truth" or "believers who have learned the truth" -* **nothing that we take with thanksgiving is rejected** - "we do not throw away anything we thank God for" or "we do not disapprove of anything we thank God for" or “everything that we eat with thanksgiving is acceptable” -* **it is consecrated through the word of God and prayer** - "we have set it apart for God's use by obeying God's Word and praying to him" or "we have set it apart for God's use by a prayer that agrees with the truth God has revealed" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +It is implied that they will forbid believers to marry. AT: "forbid believers to marry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to receive foods + +It is implied that they will forbid only certain foods. AT: "they will require believers to abstain from certain foods" or "they will not allow people to eat certain foods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# everything created by God is good + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that God has created is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Nothing that we take with thanksgiving is to be rejected + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We should not refuse anything for which we give thanks to God" or "Everything that we eat with thanksgiving is acceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer + +Here "word of God" and "prayer" are used together to express one idea. The prayer is in agreement with the truth that God has revealed. AT: "it is dedicated for God's use by praying in agreement with his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# it is sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we sanctify it" or "we have set it apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# word of God + +Here "word" refers to God's message or what he has revealed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/06.md b/1ti/04/06.md index 3f9b81de50..d2bc132f61 100644 --- a/1ti/04/06.md +++ b/1ti/04/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# If you place these things before the brothers -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were objects that could be physically presented to the believers. Here, to place before means to instruct or to remind. AT: "If you help the believers remember these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# these things -* **place these things before** - "put these thoughts in the believers' minds" or "help the believers remember these words." The "thoughts" and "words" refer to all the teachings from [[:en:bible:notes:1ti:03:16]] to [[:en:bible:notes:1ti:04:03]]. -* **nourished** - "trained" (UDB). God was making Timothy stronger and teaching Timothy to do what pleases God. -* **words of faith** - "words that cause people to believe" -* **profane stories loved by old women** - "profane and old-womanish myths." The word for stories is the same as for "myths" in [[:en:bible:notes:1ti:01:03]], so you should translate it the same here. The reference to old women is probably a metaphor for "silly" or "absurd." Paul is not purposely insulting women in his reference to “old women.” Instead, he and his audience knew that men die younger than women, so there are more women than men whose minds have become feeble due to old age. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]].) -* **train yourself in godliness** - "train yourself to be more godly" or "train yourself to act in ways that please God" or "work hard to become more godly" -* **body training** - "physical exercise" -* **holds promise for this life** - "is beneficial to this life" or "helps to make this life better" +This refers to the teaching that started in [1 Timothy 3:16](../03/16.md). + +# the brothers + +This refers to all believers whether male or female. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# you are being nourished by the words of faith and by the good teaching that you have followed + +Paul speaks of God's word and its teaching as if it could physically feed Timothy and make him strong. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the words of faith and the good teaching that you have followed are causing you to trust more strongly in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# words of faith + +"words that cause people to believe" + +# worldly stories loved by old women + +"profane stories and old wives' tales." The word for "stories" is the same as for "myths" in [1 Timothy 1:4](../01/03.md), so you should translate it the same here. + +# loved by old women + +This is probably an expression that means "silly" or "absurd." Paul is not purposely insulting women in his reference to "old women." Instead, he and his audience knew that men die younger than women, so there are more women than men whose minds have become feeble due to old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# train yourself in godliness + +"train yourself to honor God" or "train yourself to act in ways that please God" + +# bodily training + +"physical exercise" + +# holds promise for this life + +"is beneficial to this life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/09.md b/1ti/04/09.md index 1f6219dccd..ae10109a31 100644 --- a/1ti/04/09.md +++ b/1ti/04/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# worthy of full acceptance -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +"worthy of your complete belief" or "worthy of your full trust" -## translationNotes +# For it is for this -* **worth full acceptance** - "worthy of your complete belief" or "worthy of your full trust" -* **For it is for this** - "This is the reason" -* **struggle and work very hard** - The words "struggle" and "work very hard" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how hard they work. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **we have confidence in the living God** - "we have put our hope on a living God" or "we have put our hope on the living God" -* **but especially of believers** - "but he is especially the savior of those people who believe" +"This is the reason" + +# struggle and work very hard + +The words "struggle" and "work very hard" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize the intensity with which they serve God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we have confidence in the living God + +Here "living God" probably means, "God, who makes all things live." + +# but especially of believers + +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "but he is especially the Savior of those people who believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/11.md b/1ti/04/11.md index 9bb5484e1f..1d75f2d0c4 100644 --- a/1ti/04/11.md +++ b/1ti/04/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Proclaim and teach these things -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Command and teach these things" or "Command and teach these things I just mentioned" -## translationNotes +# Let no one despise your youth -* **Proclaim and teach these things ** - "Command and teach these things" or "Command and teach these things I just mentioned" -* **Let no one think down at your young age ** - "do not let anyone consider you less important because you are young" -* **attend to the reading ** - "do the reading of Scriptures" or "continue to read the Word of God aloud in public" -* **attend to … the exhortation** - "exhort others" or "encourage others to apply God's Word in their lives" +"Do not let anyone consider you less important because you are young" + +# attend to the reading, to the exhortation, and to the teaching + +The words "reading," "exhortation," and "teaching" can be translated with verbal phrases. The implied information can also be supplied in translation AT: "continue reading the scripture to the people, exhorting the people, and teaching the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/14.md b/1ti/04/14.md index c8b5dd04f6..03bf429d11 100644 --- a/1ti/04/14.md +++ b/1ti/04/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not neglect the gift that is in you -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold God's gifts. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Do not neglect your spiritual gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not neglect -* **laying on of the hands of the elders** - This was a ceremony in which the church leaders literally put their hands on Timothy and prayed that God would enable him to do the work he had commanded him to do. -* **you will save yourself and those who listen to you** - "you will keep yourself and those who listen to you from believing false messages and from doing wrong actions." People who believe false messages and do wrong actions can expect to suffer as a result. Paul does not want Timothy and his friends to suffer for believing and doing wrong things. -* **Do not neglect the gift that is in you** - "Use the gift God gave you" -* **through prophecy** - "when leaders of the church spoke God's Word" -* **Care for these things, be in them** - "Do all these things and live according to them" -* **so that your progress may appear to all people ** - "so other people will see your growth" or "so other people will see your improvement in doing them" -* **Give careful attention to yourself** - "Conduct yourself carefully" or "Control your own behavior" -* **Continue in these things** - "Continue to do these things" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Be sure to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# which was given to you through prophecy + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you received when leaders of the church spoke God's word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# laying on of the hands of the elders + +This was a ceremony in which the church leaders put their hands on Timothy and prayed that God would enable him to do the work he had commanded him to do. + +# Care for these things. Be in them + +Paul speaks of God's gifts to Timothy as if he could physically be in them. AT: "Do all these things and live according to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that your progress may be evident to all people + +Paul speaks of Timothy's increasing ability to serve God as if it were a physical object that others could look at. AT: "so other people will know that you are serving God better and better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Give careful attention to yourself and to the teaching + +"Conduct yourself carefully and give attention to the teaching" or "Control your own behavior and give attention to the teaching" + +# Continue in these things + +"Continue to do these things" + +# you will save yourself and those who listen to you + +Possible meanings are 1) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from God's judgment or 2) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from the influence of false teachers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/intro.md b/1ti/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..88244d56b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Timothy 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +[1 Timothy 4:1-3](./01.md) is a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]). + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Later times ##### +This is another way of referring to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/01.md b/1ti/05/01.md index 846ad595fb..b00bc6f1b9 100644 --- a/1ti/05/01.md +++ b/1ti/05/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Paul continues to tell Timothy how to treat the men, women, widows, and younger women in the church. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Paul was giving these commands to one person, Timothy. Languages that have different forms of “you” or different forms for commands would use the singular form. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Do not scold an older man ** - "Do not speak harshly to an older man" -* **but exhort him as if he were a father ** - "but encourage him as you would speak to your father" -* **exhort younger men as if they were brothers** - "encourage younger men as if they were your brothers" or "treat younger men as brothers" -* **Exhort older women as mothers ** - "treat older women as if they were your mothers" or "encourage older women the way you would appeal to your mother" -* **younger women as sisters ** - "appeal to younger women the way you would appeal to your sisters" or "treat younger women like you would treat your sister" -* **in all purity** - "with pure thoughts and actions" or "in a holy way" +Paul was giving these commands to one person, Timothy. Languages that have different forms of "you" or different forms for commands would use the singular form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Do not scold an older man + +"Do not speak harshly to an older man" + +# Instead, exhort him + +"Instead, encourage him" + +# as if he were a father ... as if they were brothers ... as mothers ... as sisters + +Paul uses these similes to tell Timothy that he should treat fellow believers with sincere love and respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# younger women + +You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "exhort younger women" or "encourage younger women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in all purity + +"with pure thoughts and actions" or "in a holy way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/03.md b/1ti/05/03.md index b9b1cc0974..c43a08a4d5 100644 --- a/1ti/05/03.md +++ b/1ti/05/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Honor widows -* [[en:tw:God]] +"Respect and provide for widows" -## translationNotes +# the real widows -* **Honor** - "Respect and provide for" -* **widows, the real widows ** - "widows, widows who are in need" or "widows, widows with no one to provide for them" -* **but if a widow ** - "but when a widow" -* **child** - "anyone she regards as her child" or "anyone who calls her mother" -* **grandchildren** - "anyone she regards as her descendant" or "anyone who calls her mother or grandmother" -* **let them first ** - "first of all they should" or "let them make it a priority to" -* **learn to show honor** - "display their piety" or "display their godliness" or "prove their religion" or "learn to practice their duties" -* **in their own household ** - "to their own family" or "to those living at their homes" -* **and repay their parents ** - “and to pay back their parents” or “and to give to their parents in return for the good things their parents have given them” -* **because this is pleasing to God** - "for God will be pleased when they do these things" or "for this act of honor shown is pleasing to God" +"widows with no one to provide for them" + +# let them first learn + +"first of all they should learn" or "let them make it a priority to learn" + +# in their own household + +"to their own family" or "to those living in their homes" + +# Let them repay their parents + +"Let them do good to their parents in return for the good things their parents have given them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/05.md b/1ti/05/05.md index 7a4ada9ae3..35d4eafe84 100644 --- a/1ti/05/05.md +++ b/1ti/05/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But a real widow is left all alone -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +"But one who is truly a widow has no family" -## translationNotes +# She always remains with requests and prayers -* **But a real widow is left all alone ** - "But one who is truly a widow has no family" -* **she always waits before him with requests and prayers** - "She patiently waits for God with her requests and prayers" -* **requests and prayers** - These two words mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how much these widows pray. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **both night and day** - AT: "all the time" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **However** - "But" -* **the luxury-loving woman ** - loving woman **- "the woman who lives only for her own pleasure" -* **dead** - This metaphor means that she is not able to respond to God. AT: “like a dead person, she does not respond to God.” (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **alive** - This refers to physical life. +"She continues to make requests and prayers" + +# requests and prayers + +These two words mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how much these widows pray. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# both night and day + +The words "night" and "day" are used together to mean "at all times." AT: "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# is dead + +Paul speaks about people who do not seek to please God as if they were dead. AT: "is like a dead person, she does not respond to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# is still alive + +This refers to physical life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/07.md b/1ti/05/07.md index 6cb718ff79..231d30a9bc 100644 --- a/1ti/05/07.md +++ b/1ti/05/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Preach these things -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] +"Command these things as well" -## translationNotes +# so that they may be without reproach -* **And preach these things ** - "Command these things as well" or "Also, teach these things with authority." Timothy was to obey Paul's words himself and also to command others to obey Paul's words. -* **so that they may be beyond reproach** - "so that no one can find fault with them." Possible meanings of they: 1) "these widows and their families" (UDB) or 2) "the church." It might be best to leave the subject as "they." -* **does not provide for his own relatives** - “does not provide what his relatives need” or “does not help with his relatives' needs” -* **for his own relatives ** - "for all his family members" or "for those living at his home" -* **for those of his own household** - "for his family" or "for those family living in his home" -* **he has denied the faith ** - "he has acted though he has denied the faith" or "he has acted contrary to the truth we believe" or "he has turned his back on his beliefs" -* **… is worse than an unbeliever** - "… is worse than those who do not believe Jesus" or "those who do not believe in Jesus are better than …" Even those who do not believe in Jesus take care of their own families; how much more should believers do so! +"so that no one can find fault with them." Possible meanings of "they" are 1) "these widows and their families" or 2) "the believers." It might be best to leave the subject as "they." + +# does not provide for his own relatives, especially for those of his own household + +"does not help with his relatives' needs, especially for those family members living in his home" + +# he has denied the faith + +"he has acted contrary to the truth we believe" + +# is worse than an unbeliever + +"is worse than those who do not believe in Jesus." Paul means this person is worse than an unbeliever because even unbelievers take care of their relatives. Therefore, a believer should certainly take care of his relatives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/09.md b/1ti/05/09.md index a9a0cdc35c..b3c62bec15 100644 --- a/1ti/05/09.md +++ b/1ti/05/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# be enrolled as a widow -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +There seems to have been a list, written or not, of widows. The church members met these women's needs for shelter, clothing, and food, and these women were expected to devote their lives to serving the Christian community. -## translationNotes +# who is not younger than sixty -* **be enrolled as a widow** - There seems to have been a list, written or not, of widows. The church met these women's needs for shelter, clothing, and food, and the women were expected to devote their lives to serving the church. -* **who is not younger in years than sixty** - Widows who were younger than sixty years old might get married again, but the church was to care for widows who were older than sixty. -* **a wife of one husband** - "a woman who was faithful to her husband" -* **She must be known for good deeds** - The phrases following this are examples of the kinds of good things a woman might be know for doing. -* **washed the feet** - "does common work to help." Washing the dirty feet of people who have been walking in the dirt and mud is a metonym or metaphor for meeting other people's needs and making life more enjoyable for them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **saints** - "God's holy people" -* **has followed every good work** - "is known for doing good works" +As Paul will explain in 5:11-16, widows who were younger than 60 years old might get married again. Therefore the Christian community was to care only for widows who were older than 60. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a wife of one husband + +Possible meanings are 1) she was always faithful to her husband or 2) she had not divorced her husband then married another man. + +# She must be known for good deeds + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People must be able to attest to her good deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# has been hospitable to strangers + +"has welcomed strangers into her home" + +# has washed the feet of the believers + +Washing the dirty feet of people who have been walking in the dirt and mud is one way of meeting other people's needs and making life more enjoyable for them. This probably means she did humble work in general. AT: "has done common work to help other believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# believers + +Some versions translate "believers" here as "the saints" or "God's holy people." The essential idea is to refer to Christian believers. + +# has relieved the afflicted + +Here "the afflicted" is a nominal adjective that can be stated as an adjective. AT: "has helped those who are suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# has been devoted to every good work + +"has given herself to doing all kinds of good deeds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/11.md b/1ti/05/11.md index 612c05eb05..06d125b859 100644 --- a/1ti/05/11.md +++ b/1ti/05/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# But as for younger widows, refuse to enroll them in the list +"But do not include younger widows in the list." The list was of widows aged 60 years and older whom the Christian community would help. -## translationNotes +# For when they give in to bodily desires against Christ, they want to marry -* **But as for younger widows, refuse to enroll them in the list** - "But do not include younger widows in the list." The list was of widows aged sixty years and older whom the church was going to help. -* **are overcome by bodily desires against Christ** - “are distracted from Christ because of their their sexual desires” or "have sensual desires that make them want to give up spiritual commitment" -* **revoke their prior commitment** - "do not keep their prior commitment" or "do not do what they promised before to do" -* **commitment** - The commitment of the widows was their agreement to serve the church for the rest of their lives if the church would supply their needs. -* **gossips** - These are people who tell some people about other people's private lives. -* **meddlesome** - "busybodies." These are people who interfere in other people's lives. -* **things they should not say** - "things that are not proper to even mention" +"For when they prefer to fulfill their sensual desires and get married, they go against their promise to serve Christ as widows" + +# revoke their first commitment + +"do not keep their prior commitment" or "do not do what they promised before to do" + +# commitment + +The commitment of the widows was their agreement to serve the Christian community for the rest of their lives if the community would supply the widows' needs. + +# become accustomed to being lazy + +"get into the habit of doing nothing" + +# gossips + +These are people who talk about other people's private lives. + +# busybodies + +These are people who interfere in other people's lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/14.md b/1ti/05/14.md index 66e0f59c5c..17b02febd8 100644 --- a/1ti/05/14.md +++ b/1ti/05/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# to manage the household -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +"to take care of everyone in her house" -## translationNotes +# the enemy -* **to accuse us** - The word us has been supplied by the translator. The reference could be taken to be to the women, "them." -* **turned aside after Satan** - "left the path of Christ to follow Satan" -* **any believing woman** - “any Christian woman” or "any woman who believes in Christ" -* **has widows** - "has widows among her relatives" -* **real widows** - "those women who have no one to provide for them" +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Satan or 2) this refers to unbelievers who are hostile to Christians. + +# to slander us + +Here "us" refers to the entire Christian community, including Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# turned aside after Satan + +Paul speaks of living in faithfulness to Christ as if it were a path to be followed. This means the woman stopped obeying Jesus and started obeying Satan. AT: "left the path of Christ to follow Satan" or "decided to obey Satan instead of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# any believing woman + +"any Christian woman" or "any woman who believes in Christ" + +# has widows + +"has widows among her relatives" + +# so that the church will not be weighed down + +Paul speaks of the community having to help more people than they are able as if they were carrying too much weight on their backs. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the church will not have more work to do than they can" or "so that the Christian community will not have to help widows whose families could provide for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# real widows + +"those women who have no one to provide for them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/17.md b/1ti/05/17.md index 479e0fa5a9..d3565a329d 100644 --- a/1ti/05/17.md +++ b/1ti/05/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Paul again talks of how elders (overseers) should be treated and then gives Timothy some personal instructions. -## translationNotes +# Let the elders who rule well be considered worthy -* **Let … be considered worthy** - "All of you believers should think of … as worthy." -* **double honor** - Possible meanings are 1) “both kinds of honor: respect and payment” or 2) “more respect than others receive.” -* **those who work with the word and in teaching** - "those who preach and teach God's word" -* **muzzle** - a sleeve that goes over an animal's snout to prevent it from opening its mouth -* **ox** - a large, strong animal like a cow -* **treads the grain** - Walking on or drawing a heavy object over the cut grain to separate the seeds to be eaten from the stalks. The oxen were to be allowed to eat some of the grain as they worked. -* **is worthy of** - "deserves" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "All believers should think of the elders who are good leaders as worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# double honor + +Possible meanings are 1) "respect and payment" or 2) "more respect than others receive" + +# those who work with the word and in teaching + +Paul speaks about the word as if it is an object which a person can work with. AT: "those who preach and teach God's word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For the scripture says + +This is personification that means that this is what someone has written in the scriptures. AT: "For we read in the scriptures that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# You shall not put a muzzle on an ox while it treads the grain + +Paul is using this quotation as a metaphor meaning that church leaders deserve to receive payment from the Christian community for their work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# muzzle + +a sleeve that goes over an animal's snout and mouth to prevent it from eating while it is doing work (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# treads the grain + +And ox "treads the grain" when it walks on or pulls a heavy object over the cut grain to separate the grain from the stalks. The ox was allowed to eat some of the grain as they worked. + +# is worthy of + +"deserves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/19.md b/1ti/05/19.md index a27be69972..96e7ce8d59 100644 --- a/1ti/05/19.md +++ b/1ti/05/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not receive an accusation -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Paul speaks of accusations as if they were objects that could be physically accepted by people. AT: "Do not accept as true any accusation that someone speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# two or three -* **receive** - "listen to" or "accept" -* **two or three** - "at least two" or "two or more" -* **Reprove** - "Rebuke" or "Correct" -* **sinner** - Here this means anything we do that does not obey or please God, even things that other people don't know about. -* **in the sight of all** - "where everyone can see" -* **so that the rest may be afraid** - "so that others will be afraid to sin" +"at least two" or "two or more" + +# sinners + +This refers to anyone doing anything that disobeys or displeases God, even things that other people do not know about. + +# before all + +"where everyone can see" + +# so that the rest may be afraid + +"so that others will be afraid to sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/21.md b/1ti/05/21.md index 8f25a41a93..94c4e0c52d 100644 --- a/1ti/05/21.md +++ b/1ti/05/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the chosen angels -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +This means the angels whom God and Jesus have chosen to serve them in a special way. -## translationNotes +# to keep these commands without partiality, and to do nothing out of favoritism -* **you** - Paul is addressing one person, Timothy, so all forms of you and commands should be singular. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **bias** - "judging beforehand" or "deciding before you have listened to everyone tell their side of the story." Timothy was to listen to the facts and then judge. -* **out of favoritism** - "leaning toward the people you like" or "on the basis of who your friends are." Timothy was to judge on the basis of the facts, not by who was involved. -* **Place hands** - This was a ceremony in which one or more church leaders would literally place their hands on people and pray that God would enable those people to serve the church in a way that would please God. Timothy was to wait until the person had shown good character for a long time before officially setting that person apart to serve the church in this ceremony. -* **share in the sins belonging to another person** - “Do not join in another person's sin.” Possible meanings are 1) if Timothy chose someone who was guilty of sin to be a church worker, God would hold Timothy responsible for that person's sin, or 2) Timothy should not commit sins he saw others committing. +The words "partiality" and "favoritism" mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing that Timothy must judge honestly and be fair to everyone. AT: "to keep these rules without being partial or showing favor to anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# these commands + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the rules Paul just told Timothy or 2) this refers to the rules Paul is about to tell Timothy. + +# Place hands + +The placing of hands was a ceremony in which one or more church leaders would place their hands on people and pray that God would enable those people to serve the church in a way that would please God. Timothy was to wait until the person had shown good character for a long time before officially setting that person apart to serve the Christian community. + +# Do not share in the sins of another person + +Paul speaks of someone's sin as if it were an object that could be shared with others. AT: "do not join in another person's sin" or "do not participate when another person sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not share in the sins of another person + +Possible meanings are 1) if Timothy chose someone who was guilty of sin to be a church worker, God would hold Timothy responsible for that person's sin or 2) Timothy should not commit sins he saw others committing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/23.md b/1ti/05/23.md index b74eb90d8a..39188a43e0 100644 --- a/1ti/05/23.md +++ b/1ti/05/23.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# You should no longer drink water -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +It is implied that Paul means Timothy should not drink only water. He is telling Timothy to use wine as medicine. The water in that area often caused sickness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# The sins of some people are openly known -* 25. It may simply be something unrelated that Paul wanted to say before he forgot it. If it is related, it would likely be a way of saying that by "pure" in the previous verse Paul was talking about conduct, not diet.) -* **You should no longer drink water** - or "You should stop being a water-drinker," one who drinks only water (UDB). Paul is not forbidding water. He is suggesting that Timothy use wine as medicine. -* (In verse 24, Paul continues what he was saying in verse 22. The "sins of some people" would be the sins likely to be committed by those on whom hands are hastily placed [verse 22].) -* **they go before them into judgment** - “their sins go before those people into judgment.” Possible meanings are 1) Their sins show what the person is like even before it is time for the church to judge whether or not the person should be a leader, or 2) Their sins show what the person is like before it is time for the church to judge whether or not the person is guilty, or 3) Their sins are evident and God judges them now. -* **some follow later** - “But some sins follow those people later.” Possible meanings are 1) Timothy will not know about some sins until later, or 2) The church will not know about some sins until later, or 3) God will not judge some sins until the final judgment. -* **good** - Here this means if it fits with God's character, purposes, and will. -* **even the others cannot be hidden** - "the other good works will be known in the future" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The sins of some people are very obvious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they go before them into judgment + +"their sins go before those people into judgment." Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are 1) Their sins are so obvious that everyone will know they are guilty even before anyone testifies against them or 2) Their sins are evident, and God judges them now. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# But some sins follow later + +"But some sins follow people later." Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are 1) Timothy and the Christian community will not know about certain sins until later or 2) God will not judge some sins until the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# some good works are openly known + +"some good works are obvious" + +# good works + +The works are considered "good" because they fit with God's character, purposes, and will. + +# but even the others cannot be hidden + +Paul speaks of sins as if they were objects that someone could hide. This can be stated in active form. AT: "but people will later find out about even the good deeds that are not obvious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/intro.md b/1ti/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..543f0d6094 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Timothy 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Honor and respect ##### +Paul encourages younger Christians to show honor and respect towards older Christians. Different cultures show respect to older people in different ways. + +##### Widows ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was important to take care of the widows because they could not provide a living for themselves. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/01.md b/1ti/06/01.md index 99d890babf..3067b972d2 100644 --- a/1ti/06/01.md +++ b/1ti/06/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Paul gives some specific instructions to slaves and masters and then continues with instructions on living in a godly way. -## translationNotes +# Let all who are under the yoke as slaves -* **under the yoke as slaves** - This can be translated as a metaphor that views a slave as an ox or other strong animal with a wooden bar placed over its shoulders so it can pull a plow. If including this metaphor is too difficult, you can omit it. It can also be translated as a metaphor for being a Christian (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **be blasphemed** - "those outside the church have bad things to say about God and the message about God" -* **slaves who have believing masters should not disrespect them, because they are brothers** - "because their believing masters are brothers, slaves who have believing masters should not disrespect their masters" -* **they should serve them** - "slaves with believing masters should serve those masters" +Paul speaks of people working as slaves as if they are oxen carrying a yoke. AT: "Let all who are working as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let all who are + +It is implied that Paul is speaking about believers. AT: "Let all who are believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the name of God and the teaching might not be blasphemed + +This can be stated in active and positive form. AT: "the unbelievers might always speak respectfully about the name of God and the teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# the name of God + +Here "name" refers to God's nature or character. AT: "the character of God" or "God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the teaching + +"the faith" or "the gospel" + +# they are brothers + +Here "brothers" means "fellow believers." + +# For the masters who are helped by their work + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For the masters whom the slaves help with their work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# and are loved + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "and the slaves should love them" or 2) "whom God loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/03.md b/1ti/06/03.md index 9fa180fcbe..c92e56a118 100644 --- a/1ti/06/03.md +++ b/1ti/06/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# he is proud ... He has an unhealthy interest -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "he" refers to anyone in general that teaches what is not correct. To make this clear, you can translate "he" as "they" as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# understands nothing -* **If someone teaches** - "Anyone who teaches" or "Those who teach." Paul assumes that people are in fact teaching differently; this is not a hypothetical case. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **someone … he … he** - The UDB uses the plural "some people … such people … they" to say that the "someone" who "teaches" could be male or female, one person or many people. Use the form in your language that allows for this range of meaning. -* **he is sick with arguments** - "all he wants to do is argue" or "they crave arguments." Such people greatly desire the act of arguing itself, and do not really want to find a way to agree. -* **word fights** - "arguments over what words mean" or "words that cause fights" or "words meant to hurt others" -* **envy** - "the desire to have what others have" -* **strife** - "arguments between believers" -* **insults** - "people falsely saying bad things about each other" -* **evil suspicions** - Saying that anyone who disagrees with them is trying to do evil. -* **contentions** - "quarrels that last a long time" -* **decayed minds** - "minds that have been destroyed by bad thoughts" +"understands nothing about God's truth" + +# He has an unhealthy interest in controversies and arguments + +Paul speaks of people who feel compelled to engage in useless arguments as if they were ill. Such people greatly desire to argue, and they do not really want to find a way to agree. AT: "all he wants to do is argue" or "he craves arguments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# controversies and arguments about words that result in envy + +"controversies and arguments about words, and these controversies and arguments result in envy" + +# about words + +"about the meaning of words" + +# envy + +"the desire to have what others have" + +# strife + +"arguments between believers" + +# insults + +"people falsely saying bad things about each other" + +# evil suspicions + +"people feeling like others want to do evil to them" + +# depraved minds + +"wicked minds" + +# They have lost the truth + +Here the word "They" refers to anyone who teaches anything that does not agree with the teaching of Jesus. The phrase "have lost the truth" represents ignoring it or forgetting it. AT: "They have ignored the truth" or "They have forgotten the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/06.md b/1ti/06/06.md index cb22db5ceb..6a741579b2 100644 --- a/1ti/06/06.md +++ b/1ti/06/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:godly]] +This marks a break in the teaching. Here Paul begins to contrast the kind of riches the wicked people seek through godliness ([1 Timothy 6:5](./03.md)) and the true kind of gain people receive through godliness. AT: "Of course" -## translationNotes +# godliness with contentment is great gain -* **is great gain** - "provides great benefits" or "does many good things for us" -* **brought nothing into the world ** - "brought nothing into the world when we were born" -* **neither are we able to take out anything** - "and we can take nothing out of the world when we die" -* **let us** - "we should" +The words "godliness" and "contentment" are abstract nouns. AT: "it is great gain for a person to do what is godly and to be content with what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# is great gain + +"provides great benefits" or "does many good things for us" + +# brought nothing into the world + +"brought nothing into the world when we were born" + +# Neither are we able to take out anything + +"And we can take nothing out of the world when we die" + +# let us + +"we should" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/09.md b/1ti/06/09.md index 6355699432..279a4c39ed 100644 --- a/1ti/06/09.md +++ b/1ti/06/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] +This word marks a break in the teaching. Here Paul returns to the topic about those who think being godly will make them wealthy (See: [1 Timothy 6:5](./03.md)). -## translationNotes +# to become wealthy fall into temptation, into a trap -* **fall into** - This is a metaphor for losing control of one's life or mental processes. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **fall into temptation** - "face more temptation than they can resist" -* **fall … into a trap** - "become caught in a trap." This is a metaphor for being unable to act for one's own benefit and being helpless against those who would do one harm. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **fall … into many foolish and harmful passions** - "be controlled by the desire to do foolish and harmful things" -* **makes people sink** - "pulls people down into" -* **For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil ** - "because loving money is a cause of all kinds of evil" -* **impaled themselves with … grief** - This metaphor compares grief to a knife or spear a person uses to stab himself all the way thorough his body. -* **who desire it** - "who desire money" -* **have wandered away from the faith** - "have left the path of truth" or "have stopped believing the truth" +Paul speaks about those who let the temptation of money cause them to sin as if they are animals that have fallen into a hole that a hunter has used as a trap. AT: "to become wealthy will encounter more temptation than they can resist, and they will be like an animal in a trap (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They fall into many foolish and harmful passions + +This continues the trap metaphor. This means that their foolish and harmful passions will overcome them. AT: "And as an animal falls into a hunter's trap, they will fall into many foolish and harmful passions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into whatever else makes people sink into ruin and destruction + +Paul speaks about those that let sin destroy them as if they are a boat that sinks under the water. AT: "into other kinds of evil that ruin and destroy people as if they were a boat sinking under the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil + +Paul speaks of the cause of evil as if it were a plant root. AT: "This happens because loving money is a cause of all kinds of evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who desire it + +"who desire money" + +# have been mislead away from the faith + +Paul speaks of wrong desires as if they were evil guides who intentionally guide people down the wrong path. This can be stated in active form. AT: "have let their desires lead them away from the truth" or "have stopped believing the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# have pierced themselves with much grief + +Paul speaks about grief as if it were a sword that a person uses to stab themselves. AT: "have caused themselves to be very sorrowful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/11.md b/1ti/06/11.md index 8bfc30455f..7f27c4688a 100644 --- a/1ti/06/11.md +++ b/1ti/06/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# But you -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Here "you" is singular and refers to Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# man of God -* **man of God** - "servant of God" or "person who belongs to God" -* **flee from these things** - "treat these things like creatures who want to harm you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]].) Possible meanings of these things: 1) the "love of money" (UDB); 2) the different teachings, pride, and arguments in verses [[:en:bible:notes:1ti:06:03]] and the "love of money." -* **Pursue** - "Run after" or "Chase" or "Do your best to act in" -* **Fight the good fight …. Take hold of … life"** - Some understand this passage as a metaphor of a sports competition in which the winner of the fight can take hold of a prize. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Take hold of … life** - Some understand this metaphor as another way of saying fight the good fight: "Do everything you can to gain … life." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **gave witness** - "gave testimony" or "testified" -* **before** - "in the presence of" -* **as to what is good** - "about what you believe" +"servant of God" or "person who belongs to God" + +# flee from these things + +Paul speaks of these temptations and sins as if they were things that a person could physically run away from. AT: "completely avoid these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# these things + +Possible meanings of "these things" are 1) the "love of money" or 2) the different teachings, pride, arguments, and the love of money. + +# Pursue righteousness + +"Run after" or "Chase." Paul speaks of righteousness and other good qualities as if they were things that a person could run after. This metaphor is the opposite of "flee from." It means to try your best to obtain something. AT: "Seek to gain" or "Do your best to act in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Fight the good fight of faith + +Here Paul speaks about a person continuing in faith as if they are an athlete fighting to win a contest or a warrior fighting a battle. AT: "Try your hardest to obey Christ's teachings with as much energy as an athlete uses in a contest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Take hold of the everlasting life + +This continues the metaphor. Paul speaks about a person receiving eternal life as if they are a victorious athlete or warrior taking their prize. AT: "Take eternal life as your reward as a victorious athlete takes his prize" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to which you were called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to which God has called you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you gave the good confession + +"you confessed what is good" or "you confessed the truth" + +# before many witnesses + +Paul expresses the idea of location in order to signal the idea of the people to whom Timothy was speaking. AT: "to many witnesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/13.md b/1ti/06/13.md index 34c3f0a912..f2ddf835d6 100644 --- a/1ti/06/13.md +++ b/1ti/06/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] +Paul talks of Christ's coming, gives specific instructions to the rich, and lastly closes with a special message to Timothy. -## translationNotes +# I give you this command -* **above reproach** - Possible meanings are 1) God will not find fault with Timothy (see UDB) or 2) other people cannot find fault with Timothy. -* **the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ** - "until our Lord Jesus Christ comes again" -* **before God** - "in the presence of God" or "with God as a witness" -* **before Christ** - "in the presence of Christ" or "with Christ as a witness" -* **before Pontius Pilate** - "when standing in the presence of Pontius Pilate" +"This is what I command you" + +# before God, who causes all things to live + +"in the presence of God, who causes all things to live." It is implied that Paul as asking God to be his witness. AT: "with God, who causes all things to live, as my witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before Christ Jesus, who spoke ... Pilate + +"in the presence of Christ Jesus, who spoke ... Pilate." It is implied that Paul as asking Jesus to be his witness. AT: "with Christ Jesus, who spoke ... Pilate, as my witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# without reproach + +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus will not find fault with Timothy or 2) other people cannot find fault with Timothy. + +# until the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ + +"until our Lord Jesus Christ comes again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/15.md b/1ti/06/15.md index 7750fed29d..b06a811451 100644 --- a/1ti/06/15.md +++ b/1ti/06/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# God will reveal his appearing -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +It is implied that God will reveal Jesus. AT: "God will reveal Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# at the right time -* **at the right time** - "at the proper time" (UDB) -* **fixed by** - "set by" or "chosen by" -* **the Blessed One** - "the One who has all blessings in himself" or "God who gives all blessings." This refers to God the Father, who causes Jesus to be revealed. +"at the proper time" + +# the Blessed One + +"the One worthy of praise." This refers to God the Father. + +# Only he has immortality + +"Only he has the power to live forever" + +# dwells in inapproachable light + +"dwells in a light so bright that no one can approach him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/17.md b/1ti/06/17.md index 5cf0f0a80a..87dbbc736a 100644 --- a/1ti/06/17.md +++ b/1ti/06/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Tell the rich -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here "rich" is a nominal adjective. It can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Tell those who are rich" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# in riches, which are uncertain -* **riches that are uncertain** - "the many things that they own that they may lose." The reference here is to physical objects. -* **true riches** - "things that will make us truly happy." The reference here may include physical objects, but it more likely refers to states like love, joy, and peace that people try to obtain by means of physical objects. -* **be rich in good works** - "look for opportunities to do good works the way you would look for physical wealth" or "enjoy doing good works the way you enjoy physical wealth" -* **foundation** - The first part of a house to be built. This is a metaphor for the first of the "true riches" and the beginning of the "real life" God will give his people in eternity. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **take hold of real life** - This recalls the sports metaphor of [[:en:bible:notes:1ti:06:11]], where the prize is something that the winner can actually hold in his hands. Here the "prize" is real life. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"in the many things that they own that they may lose." The reference here is to physical objects. + +# all the true riches + +"all the things that will make us truly happy." The reference here may include physical objects, but it more likely refers to states like love, joy, and peace that people try to obtain by means of physical objects. + +# be rich in good works + +Paul speaks of spiritual blessings as if they were earthly wealth. AT: "serve and help others in many ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will store up for themselves a good foundation for what is to come + +Here Paul speaks about God's blessings that he gives in heaven as if they are riches that a person is storing away for later use. And, the certainty of these blessings that people will never lose is spoke of as if they were the foundation of a building. AT: "it will be as though they were storing up for themselves many things that God will give them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# take hold of real life + +This recalls the sports metaphor of [1 Timothy 6:12](./11.md), where the prize is something that the winner can actually hold in his hands. Here the "prize" is "real" life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/20.md b/1ti/06/20.md index 87a0d1d4a1..07a81363d2 100644 --- a/1ti/06/20.md +++ b/1ti/06/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# protect what was given to you -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "faithfully proclaim the true message that Jesus has given to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Avoid the foolish talk -* **Avoid … contradicting arguments** - "stay away from people who argue against what you say" -* **May grace be with you all ** - "I ask that may he show kindness to all of you there" or "May he show favor to all of you there +"Do not pay attention to the foolish talk" + +# of what is falsely called knowledge + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "of what some people falsely call knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they have missed the faith + +Paul speaks of faith in Christ as if it were a target at which to aim. AT: "they have not understood or believed the true faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May grace be with you + +"May God give grace to all of you." The "you" is plural and refers to the whole Christian community. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/intro.md b/1ti/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..729a711616 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Timothy 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Slavery ##### + +This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. Paul's teaching on slavery would have been rather radical at this time because masters were not expected to treat their slaves in such a pleasant way. Overall, Paul's focus is on living in a way that pleases God despite the circumstances of one's life. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/front/intro.md b/1ti/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f22066ed22 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Timothy # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 1 Timothy #### + +1. Greetings (1:1,2) +1. Paul and Timothy + - Warning about false teaching (1:3-11) + - Paul thankful for what Christ has done in his ministry (1:12-17) + - He calls Timothy to fight in this spiritual battle (1:18-20) +1. Prayer for all (2:1-8) +1. Roles and responsibilities in the church (2:9-6:2) +1. Warnings + - Second warning about false teachers (cp. 1:3-11 and 6:3-5) + - Money (6:6-10) +1. Description of a man of God (6:11-16) +1. Note to the wealthy (6:17-19) +1. Closing admonition to Timothy and blessing (6:20,21) + +#### What is the Book of 1 Timothy about? #### + +Paul, an older servant of God, gives his younger colleague, Timothy, various instructions in this letter. The topics he addresses include church worship, qualifications for church leaders, and warnings against false teachers. This letter shows how Paul was training Timothy to be a leader among the churches. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "1 Timothy" or "First Timothy." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's First Letter to Timothy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 1 Timothy? #### + +This book is the first letter Paul wrote to his disciple and close friend Timothy, probably near the end of his life. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is discipleship? #### + +The term disciple refers to a person who spends time with a teacher, learning from that teacher's character and teaching. Discipleship is the process of making disciples of Christ. This letter gives many instructions about how a leader should train a less mature Christian. The goal of discipleship is to encourage other Christians to grow in likeness to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Timothy. The exception to this is 6:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 1 Timothy? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 1 Timothy: + +* "Withdraw from such things." (6:5) Some older versions have this reading, but the ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions do not. The best ancient copies do not have this phrase. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/01.md b/2ch/01/01.md index 23005d55b1..e869e6fd3c 100644 --- a/2ch/01/01.md +++ b/2ch/01/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# was strengthened in his rule -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "gained complete control over his kingdom" or "ruled powerfully over his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh -* **strengthened in his rule** - AT: "Solomon exercised great power over Israel" -* **God was with him** - AT: "God supported him" or "God helped him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# God was with him + +Here "was with him" is an idiom. AT: "God supported him" or "God helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/02.md b/2ch/01/02.md index 2287c9ef54..19344df4ce 100644 --- a/2ch/01/02.md +++ b/2ch/01/02.md @@ -1,36 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition|judge]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +It may be helpful to reorder the events in these verses as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## translationNotes +# spoke to all Israel, to the commanders ... heads of the fathers' house -* **Kiriath Jearim** - A little town about 9 miles west of Jersulem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **pitched a tent** - AT: "set up a tent" -* **Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "all of Israel" means those people mentioned afterwards. They represent all of Israel. AT: "spoke to the commanders ... heads of the father's house" + +# the commanders of thousands and of hundreds + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to every prince in all Israel, the heads of the fathers' houses + +Here "the heads of the fathers' houses" further describe the princes. AT: "to every prince in all Israel, that is, the heads of the fathers' houses" + +# to every prince + +Here "prince" means leaders in general. They are not necessarily the sons of the king. AT: "to every leader" + +# the heads of the fathers' houses + +Here "heads" is a metaphor for the most important part. And "houses" represents families. AT: "the leaders of the families in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kiriath Jearim + +A little town about 9 miles west of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pitched a tent + +"set up a tent" + +# the bronze altar made by Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the bronze altar that Bezalel son of Uri son Hur made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/06.md b/2ch/01/06.md index 399570f2cd..a72af02ee4 100644 --- a/2ch/01/06.md +++ b/2ch/01/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# went up there -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"went up to the high place at Gibeon" -## translationNotes +# one thousand -* **up there to the bronze altar** - Solomon went to Gibeon where the altar was at the tent of meeting. +"1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ask! What should I give you? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Ask for whatever you want from me." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/08.md b/2ch/01/08.md index e41c4b9b47..d033206796 100644 --- a/2ch/01/08.md +++ b/2ch/01/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# You have shown great covenant faithfulness to David -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "You have greatly and faithfully loved David" or "You have been very faithful to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* **carried out** - AT: "done" or "brought to completion" -* **a people like the dust of the earth for their numbers** - AT: "countless people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **who can judge your people, who are so many in number?** - AT: "no one can judge all of your countless people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the word "Now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# let your promise to David my father be carried out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "please do what you promised to David my father that you would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a people as numerous as the dust of the earth + +This simile emphasizes the great number of Israelites. AT: "countless people" or "very many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# give me wisdom and knowledge + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "wisdom" and "knowledge." AT: "cause me to be wise and to know many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who can judge your people, who are so many in number? + +Here "judge" means to govern or rule. Solomon uses a question to state that it is impossible to rule over so many people without God's help. AT: "no one can judge all of your countless people without your help." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Because this was in your heart + +Here "heart" represents desire. AT: "Because this was your desire" or "Because this is what you wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nor for the life of those who hate you + +"nor to be able to defeat those who hate you" or "nor to be able to kill your enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/12.md b/2ch/01/12.md index 9db74790cd..720a7cdb49 100644 --- a/2ch/01/12.md +++ b/2ch/01/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will now give you wisdom and knowledge +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "wisdom" and "knowledge." AT: "I will now cause you to be wise and to know many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# So Solomon came to Jerusalem -* **from before the tent of meeting** - AT: "in front of the tabernacle". +Here "Solomon" represents all the people with him. Also "came" can be stated as "went." AT: "So Solomon and the people with him went to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# from before the tent of meeting + +"from the tent of meeting" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/14.md b/2ch/01/14.md index 13451037e8..d4eb28b43f 100644 --- a/2ch/01/14.md +++ b/2ch/01/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# 1,400 chariots +"one thousand four hundred chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# twelve thousand horsemen -* **in the chariot cities** - This is a reference to cities which stored his chariots. -* **silver and gold to be as common in Jerusalem as stone** - AT: "rare and valuable metals to be abundant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **cedar wood as common as the sycamore trees that are in the lowlands** - AT: "rare and valuable imported wood to be abundant" +"12,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the chariot cities + +This is a reference to cities which stored his chariots. + +# The king made silver and gold as common in Jerusalem as the stones + +The narrator uses exaggeration to emphasize the great amount of silver that was in Jerusalem. AT: "The king had so much silver in Jerusalem, it was like there was as much silver as there was stones on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the sycamore trees + +This is a tree that grows fruit that looks like figs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/16.md b/2ch/01/16.md index 87f97d3c73..37a5139839 100644 --- a/2ch/01/16.md +++ b/2ch/01/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# As for the importation of horses from Egypt and Kue for Solomon -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hittite|Hittite]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] +"Importation" is the act of bringing something into one country from another country. This can be stated as a verb. AT: "As for the horses Solomon imported from Egypt and Kue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Kue -* **importation** - AT: "brought in goods from outside the country" -* **Kue** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **at a price** - AT: "at a set price" or "for money" -* **shekel** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **exported them** - They sold goods produced in Israel to other countries. +This is the name of a region. Some think that Kue was the same as Cilicia, in Asia Minor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# at a price + +"at a set price" or "for money" + +# six hundred shekels of silver ... 150 shekels + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 6.6 kilograms of silver ... about 1.7 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# six hundred + +"600" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 150 + +"one hundred and fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# exported + +to send something out of one country into another \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/intro.md b/2ch/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f0c2dcbeb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section about King Solomon's reign (2 Chronicles 1-9). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom ##### +Solomon asks God for wisdom to rule God's people. God is pleased with this request because it is used to serve others. Therefore, God also gives Solomon tremendous wealth and a long life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[2 Chronicles intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/01.md b/2ch/02/01.md index 2426a311a1..633d152d63 100644 --- a/2ch/02/01.md +++ b/2ch/02/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +This marks a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# commanded the building of a house for Yahweh's name -* **Hiram** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The word "name" is a metonym for the person. AT: "commanded his people to build a house where Yahweh may live" or "commanded his people to build a house where they could worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of a palace for his kingdom + +"of a royal palace for his kingdom" or "of a palace for himself" + +# seventy thousand men ... eighty thousand men + +"70,000 men ... 80,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to carry loads + +It is understood that these are loads of materials for building Yahweh's house. AT: "to carry loads of materials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# 3,600 + +"three thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Hiram + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/04.md b/2ch/02/04.md index fca720740e..c9d2b69f61 100644 --- a/2ch/02/04.md +++ b/2ch/02/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I am about to build a house for the name of Yahweh my God -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] +Here "name" represents the person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 2:1](./01.md). AT: "I am about to build a house where Yahweh my God may live" or "I am about to build a house where people may worship Yahweh my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I am about to build -* **the constant bread of the presence** - This is a reference to the 12 loaves of bread that were always placed in front of the altar. -* **new moons** - This was the time of a festival coinciding with the movement of the moon. -* **morning and evening, on the Sabbaths, on the new moons, and on the fixed festivals** - AT: "at all times" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **God is greater** - This is a reference to God being more important not larger than other gods. +Solomon would command his people to build the house. AT: "I am about to command my people to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the bread of the presence + +This is a reference to the 12 loaves of bread that were placed in front of the altar. + +# new moons + +This was the time of a festival coinciding with the movement of the moon. + +# This is forever, for Israel + +Here "This" refers back to all the ways the people will worship Yahweh at his temple. AT: "These are the things Yahweh has commanded Israel to do forever" + +# God is greater + +This is a reference to God being more important and more powerful than other gods, not to being larger than other gods. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/06.md b/2ch/02/06.md index b90c9272b4..d2ab5f8658 100644 --- a/2ch/02/06.md +++ b/2ch/02/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# who is able to build God a house, since the entire universe and even heaven itself cannot contain him? Who am I to build him a house, except to burn sacrifices before him? -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* **who is able to build God a house, since the entire universe and even heaven itself cannot contain him? Who am I to build him a house, except to burn sacrifices before him?** - AT: "no one is able to build a house for God because the nothing can contain him. I am no one! Only a person who can offer sacrifices to him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the entire universe and even heaven** - AT: "all of creation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Solomon uses a question to emphasize that no one is able or worthy to build a house for God. AT: "no one is able to build a house for God because not even the universe or heaven is big enough to contain him. I am not worthy to build a house for him, except as a place to offer sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/08.md b/2ch/02/08.md index c006470a22..b79f1615d5 100644 --- a/2ch/02/08.md +++ b/2ch/02/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:barley]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +This continues Solomon's message to Hiram, the king of Tyre. -## translationNotes +# cedar, cypress, and algum trees -* **fir trees** - This is possibly a type of tree called cypress or pine. It would have been used in building. -* **algum trees** - This was a type of tree likely used for making musical instruments or carving. -* **cors** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **baths** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +These are different types of tress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# twenty thousand cors + +A cor is 220 liters. Twenty thousand cors equals 4,400 kiloliters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# twenty thousand + +"20,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ground wheat + +"wheat flour" + +# twenty thousand baths + +A bath is 22 liters. Twenty thousand baths equals 440 kiloliters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/11.md b/2ch/02/11.md index e0db7004ec..c529f34654 100644 --- a/2ch/02/11.md +++ b/2ch/02/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# gifted with prudence and understanding -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] - -## translationNotes - -* **gifted with prudence** - AT: "given a gift of discretion" -* **a house for his kingdom** - AT: "a palace for himself." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "prudence" and "understanding." AT: "who is very intelligent and understands many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/13.md b/2ch/02/13.md index b65bc5451f..3b28896a9b 100644 --- a/2ch/02/13.md +++ b/2ch/02/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# gifted with understanding -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The abstract noun "understanding" can be stated as "understands" or "wise." AT: "who understand many things" or "who is very wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Huram-Abi -* **Huramabi** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He is skilled at work in gold ... crimson wool + +Translate many of these words as you did in [2 Chronicles 2:7](./06.md). + +# fine linen + +"high quality cloth" or "the best cloth" + +# He is the son of a woman of the daughters of Dan + +"His mother is from the tribe of Dan" or "His mother is a descendant of Dan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/15.md b/2ch/02/15.md index ea3409d7ed..abae77fceb 100644 --- a/2ch/02/15.md +++ b/2ch/02/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +This continues the message from Hiram, king of Tyre, to Solomon. -## translationNotes +# of which my master has spoken, let him send these things to his servants -* There are no notes for this passage. +Hiram refers to Solomon as "my master" and to himself and his own people as "his servants." This is a way of showing respect. AT: "of which you, my master, have spoken, please send these things to us, your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you will carry it up to Jerusalem + +Here "you" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "you will command your people to take the wood to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/17.md b/2ch/02/17.md index 70ce9e4813..03f6a92ed0 100644 --- a/2ch/02/17.md +++ b/2ch/02/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon counted -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon had his servants count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# They were found to be 153,600 -* **to carry loads** - AT: "to carry heavy logs" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There were 153,600 foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 153,600 + +"one hundred and fifty-three thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy thousand ... eighty thousand + +"70,000 men ... 80,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to carry loads + +It is understood that these are loads of materials for building Yahweh's house. AT: "to carry loads of materials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# 3,600 + +"three thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/intro.md b/2ch/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0c2f88896 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Solomon's reign continues in this chapter. This chapter also begins a section on building the temple. (2 Chronicles 2-4 and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### House of God ##### +The temple is repeatedly referred to as the "house of God" because Yahweh will dwell in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/01.md b/2ch/03/01.md index 9a3e251170..639ba5be64 100644 --- a/2ch/03/01.md +++ b/2ch/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Solomon began to build ... He prepared ... He began ... that Solomon laid -* [[en:tw:foundation]] +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Then Solomon's workers began to build ... They prepared ... They began ... that Solomon's workers laid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Mount Moriah -* **Mount Moriah** - This is the place where Abraham offered his son, Isaac, to God. -* **Ornan the Jebusite** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the second day of the second month** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **cubit** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **second day of the second month** - This could have been the 17th day of April. +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ornan the Jebusite + +"Ornan" is the name of a man. "Jebusite" is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the second day of the second month + +This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. The second day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the fourth year + +"in the 4th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator begins to explain the dimensions and the design of the temple. + +# sixty cubits ... twenty cubits + +"60 cubits ... 20 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "27.6 meters long ... 9.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/04.md b/2ch/03/04.md index 029a8b9eb3..4016ba8af8 100644 --- a/2ch/03/04.md +++ b/2ch/03/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# portico -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building's entrance door. This portico was probably attached to the front part of the wall that surrounded the temple. -## translationNotes +# twenty cubits -* **portico** - AT: "porch" -* **cubit** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **He fashioned** - AT: "He made" -* **the main hall** - This is a reference to a large room, not a hallway. -* **pine** - This is a type of tree. +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# Solomon overlaid ... He fashioned ... which he carved + +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers overlaid ... They fashioned ... which they carved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the main hall + +This is a reference to a large room, not a hallway. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/06.md b/2ch/03/06.md index 312eec3431..43ce39c8b6 100644 --- a/2ch/03/06.md +++ b/2ch/03/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He decorated ... He also overlaid ... he carved -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim|cherubim, cherub]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers decorated ... They also overlaid ... they carved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# precious stones -* **precious stones** - Stones that were beautiful, hightly valued, and used for decorations. -* **Parvaim** - A general term for the east. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Stones that were beautiful, highly valued, and used for decorations. + +# Parvaim + +This is probably the name of a region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# beams + +A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/08.md b/2ch/03/08.md index 63f4554cc5..c3983698e8 100644 --- a/2ch/03/08.md +++ b/2ch/03/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He built ... He overlaid +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers built ... They overlaid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty cubits -* **cubit** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **Talent** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **shekel** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# six hundred talents + +"600 talents." A talent is 33 kilograms. AT: "about 20 metric tons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# fifty shekels + +"50 shekels." A shekel is 11 grams. AT: ".55 kilograms" or "about a half a kilogram"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/10.md b/2ch/03/10.md index 162be09417..0758ce3691 100644 --- a/2ch/03/10.md +++ b/2ch/03/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He made -* [[en:tw:image]] +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty cubits ... five cubits -* There are no notes for this passage. +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters ... 2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/13.md b/2ch/03/13.md index 845d75d18b..f0b8cbe735 100644 --- a/2ch/03/13.md +++ b/2ch/03/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty cubits +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# He made ... he fashioned -* **fine linen** - AT: "high quality cloth" or "good cloth" +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made ... they fashioned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blue, purple, and crimson wool + +Translate these words as you did in [2 Chronicles 2:7](../02/06.md). + +# fine linen + +"high quality cloth" or "the best cloth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/15.md b/2ch/03/15.md index a4e54c413f..235b20ec8d 100644 --- a/2ch/03/15.md +++ b/2ch/03/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon also made ... He made ... he also made ... He set up -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:boaz|Boaz]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers also made ... They made ... they also made ... They set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# thirty-five cubits ... five cubits -* **pomegranates** - These fruits were a symbol of plenty and abundance. -* **Jakin** - Possibly a name to describe God as "The One who establishes". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Boaz** - This name means "in strength" and here is possibly used to describe God because it means, "In Him is strength". +"35 cubits ... 5 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "16.1 meters ... 2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the capitals + +decorations on top of the pillars + +# one hundred pomegranates + +"100 pomegranates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# on the right hand ... on the left + +"on the right side ... on the left side" or "on the south side ... on the north side" + +# he named + +"Solomon named" + +# Jakin + +Possibly a name to describe God as "The One who establishes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Boaz + +This name means "in strength" and is possibly used here to describe God because it means, "In Him is strength." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/intro.md b/2ch/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72e5451dd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon and the building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Location of the temple ##### +The location of the temple was very significant. Many important events in history occurred at this location. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/01.md b/2ch/04/01.md index c185f62e3f..970089c36d 100644 --- a/2ch/04/01.md +++ b/2ch/04/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# he made +Here "he" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty cubits ... ten cubits ... five cubits ... thirty cubits ... each cubit -* **cubit** - (See: [[:En:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **the round sea of cast metal** - This is a very large metal tank. -* **brim** - This is the top edge of the container. -* **circumference** - This is the distance around the outside of a circle. -* **ten to each cubit** - AT: "ten per cubit" +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters ... 4.6 meters ... 2.3 meters ... 13.8 meters ... every 46 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the round sea + +This refers to a tank or basin that would hold water. + +# cast metal + +This is metal that was melted then formed in a mold. + +# from brim to brim + +"from one edge to the other" + +# in circumference + +Circumference is the distance or measurement around a circular object or area. + +# ten to each cubit + +"ten per cubit" + +# when the sea itself was cast + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the workers cast the sea itself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/04.md b/2ch/04/04.md index 947611ffe6..6eed983215 100644 --- a/2ch/04/04.md +++ b/2ch/04/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The Sea +This refers to the tank or basin that held water for sacrifices. -## translationNotes +# was set upon twelve oxen -* **hindquarters** - This is the back quarter of the body of an animal with four feet -* **hand** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **its brim was forged like the brim of a cup, like a lily blossom** - AT: The brim had a soft, curved edge" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **baths** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"was on top of twelve oxen" + +# twelve oxen + +These are images of oxen made of bronze. AT: "twelve large figures of bulls" or "twelve bronze oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# "The Sea" was set on top of them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Solomon's workers set 'The Sea' on top of the oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# hindquarters + +This is the back quarter of the body of an animal with four feet. + +# thick as the width of a hand + +This is about 8 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# its brim was forged like the brim of a cup, like a lily blossom + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Solomon's workers forged the brim to look like the brim of a cup, to curve outward like a lily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three thousand baths + +"3,000 baths." A bath is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "66 kiloliters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# He made ... he put + +Here "he" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made ... they put" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# items used in performing the burnt offering were to be washed in them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people were to wash the items used in performing the burnt offering in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/07.md b/2ch/04/07.md index 43dd397803..8fdc16e6bf 100644 --- a/2ch/04/07.md +++ b/2ch/04/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He made ... he placed ... He made ... He made -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Here "he" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made ... they placed ... They made ... They made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# that were made from the instructions for their design -* **basins** - This is a shallow bowl used for washing. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "according to the instructions for their design" or "according to how Solomon instructed his workers to design them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the right hand ... on the left + +"on the right side ... on the left side" or "on the south side ... on the north side" + +# one hundred basins + +"100 basins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# basins + +shallow bowls used for washing \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/09.md b/2ch/04/09.md index be7a27ff14..31df92387f 100644 --- a/2ch/04/09.md +++ b/2ch/04/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he made ... he overlaid ... He placed -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] +Here "he" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made ... they overlaid ... They placed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the great court -* There are no notes for this passage. +"the large court" + +# on the east side of the temple, facing toward the south + +"next to the southeast corner of the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/11.md b/2ch/04/11.md index 723b27a05e..2e80cba0bf 100644 --- a/2ch/04/11.md +++ b/2ch/04/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Huram -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +See how you translated this name in [2 Chronicles 2:13](../02/13.md). -## translationNotes +# the sprinkling bowls -* **Hiram** - (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the sprinkling bowls** - bowls that were used in the house of God for sprinkling the altar -* **bowl like capitals** - The upper part of a pillar is called a capital. AT : "bowl shaped tops" or "bowl shaped upper parts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **decorative latticework** - This refers to the decorative carving or markings on the upper part of the pillars. +bowls that held blood that was used in the house of God for sprinkling the altar + +# Huram finished the work that he did ... He had + +Here Huram represents all who worked on the temple. AT: "Huram and the other workers finished the work that they did ... They had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bowl-like capitals + +The upper part of a pillar is called a capital. See how you translated "capital" in [2 Chronicles 3:15](../03/15.md). AT: "bowl-shaped tops" or "bowl-shaped upper parts" + +# decorative latticework + +This refers to the decorative carving or markings on the upper part of the pillars. AT: "carvings that resembled chains" + +# the four hundred pomegranates + +"the 400 pomegranates." Translate "pomegranates" as you did in [2 Chronicles 3:16](../03/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/14.md b/2ch/04/14.md index eab31b7bad..4db24022cb 100644 --- a/2ch/04/14.md +++ b/2ch/04/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He also made ... Huram-Abi made -* [[en:tw:bronze]] +Here Huram, who is also called Huram-Abi, represents all those who worked with him. AT: "They also made ... Huram-Abi and his craftsmen made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the basins -* **the basins** - AT: "the bowls" -* **one sea** - This is a large decorative washing container. -* **other implements** - other tools or objects used for the altar -* **Huramabi** - An alternative name for Huram/Hiram (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"the bowls" + +# one sea and the twelve bulls + +This is a large decorative washing container. Translate "sea" and "bulls" as you did in [2 Chronicles 4:2-3](./01.md). + +# other implements + +"other tools" or "other objects used for the altar" + +# polished bronze + +Bronze that the workmen polished so that it would reflect light. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/17.md b/2ch/04/17.md index b1daaacb17..4532bb2012 100644 --- a/2ch/04/17.md +++ b/2ch/04/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The king had cast them ... Solomon made +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "The king commanded his workers to cast them ... Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Zarethan -* **Zarethan** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Thus Solomon made all these vessels** - Solomon did not personally make the vessels, but he commanded them to be made. -* **the weight of the bronze could not be known** - AT: "the amount of bronze was very great" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the weight of the bronze could not be known + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) there was so much bronze no one tried to weigh it. AT: "no one even tried to weigh the bronze" or 2) this is a hyperbole that emphasizes the great amount of bronze. AT: "no one could even determine how much all the bronze weighed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/19.md b/2ch/04/19.md index cddc5970ef..ab25fc2dcc 100644 --- a/2ch/04/19.md +++ b/2ch/04/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon made -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# all the furnishings -* **Solomon made** - Solomon's workers made things at his command. -* **all the furnishings** - all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God. -* **the bread of the presence** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:0204]] +This refers to all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God. + +# the tables on which the bread of the presence was to be placed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the tables on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the bread of the presence + +This is a reference to the 12 loaves of bread that were placed in front of the altar. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# that were designed to burn before the inner room + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to burn before the inner room" or "in which the priests put oil to burn in front of the inner room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the inner room + +This is another name for "the holy of holies" or "the very holy place." + +# the flowers, the lamps + +The "flowers" and "lamps" were part of the lampstands. + +# the tongs + +This is a tool made from two sticks of wood or metal connected at one end and used for picking up objects. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/22.md b/2ch/04/22.md index 4cc775292d..60bd0ba040 100644 --- a/2ch/04/22.md +++ b/2ch/04/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Also the lamp trimmers ... were all made of pure gold +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers also made the lamp trimmers ... out of pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# lamp trimmers -* **lamp trimmers** - These would have trimmed the wicks of the lamps. +These would have been used to trim the wicks of the lamps. + +# its inner doors ... were made of gold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the workers made its inner doors ... out of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/intro.md b/2ch/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b2ce55a96 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon and the building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Special construction ##### +Not only is the temple constructed in a special way, the things that are used in the temple's sacrificial system and its decorations are constructed in a special way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/01.md b/2ch/05/01.md index a94c24c3ed..416418d5f4 100644 --- a/2ch/05/01.md +++ b/2ch/05/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# When all the work that Solomon did for the house of Yahweh was completed, Solomon brought -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Solomon's workers completed all of the work for the house of Yahweh, they brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# treasuries -* **storeroom** - This is an area where things are kept or stored. +"storerooms." This is an area where things are kept or stored. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/02.md b/2ch/05/02.md index 377f1de4b2..aff90c1828 100644 --- a/2ch/05/02.md +++ b/2ch/05/02.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# assembled the elders of Israel -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees, ark of the testimony, ark of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:feast|feast]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +"called together the leaders of Israel" -## translationNotes +# all the heads of the tribes -* **seventh month** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) +Here "heads" is a metaphor for the most important part of something. AT: "all the leaders of the tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All the men of Israel + +This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 5:2 or 2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# at the feast, which was in the seventh month + +This is the Festival of Shelters which is on the fifteenth day of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/04.md b/2ch/05/04.md index f58991b958..1df555b397 100644 --- a/2ch/05/04.md +++ b/2ch/05/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# furnishings -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +This refers to all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 4:19](../04/19.md) -## translationNotes +# all the assembly of Israel -* **furnishing** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:04:19]] -* **sheep and oxen that could not be counted** - AT: "many sheep and oxen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Here "all" is a generalization meaning very many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# sacrificing sheep and oxen that could not be counted + +This is an exaggeration that emphasizes the great number of animals that were sacrificed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "sacrificing more sheep and oxen than anyone could count" or "sacrificing very many sheep and oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/07.md b/2ch/05/07.md index 4133f3f130..b201fcd911 100644 --- a/2ch/05/07.md +++ b/2ch/05/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# into the inner room of the house, to the most holy place, under +"into the inner room of the house—that is, to the most holy place—under" -## translationNotes +# poles by which it was carried -* **to its place** - AT: "to its appointed place" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "poles by which the priests carried it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/09.md b/2ch/05/09.md index fb60714638..dbba8826da 100644 --- a/2ch/05/09.md +++ b/2ch/05/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# their ends were seen ... they could not be seen -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people could see their ends ... people could not see them" -## translationNotes +# to this day -* **to this day** - This refers to a time when the book of 2 Chronicles was written. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This means the day on which the writer wrote. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/11.md b/2ch/05/11.md index 5a4b60d3b2..3084f62b6d 100644 --- a/2ch/05/11.md +++ b/2ch/05/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:lute|lute, lyre]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way of doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun -* **Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun** - The same three led the worship when David moved the ark to Jerusalem. David later appointed them as the temple musicians. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **sons and brothers** - AT: "their relatives" or "their descendants" +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# sons and brothers + +"sons and other relatives" + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# 120 priests + +"one hundred and twenty priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/13.md b/2ch/05/13.md index dd76289b3f..7f8d9a56c9 100644 --- a/2ch/05/13.md +++ b/2ch/05/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# making one sound to be heard for praising and thanking Yahweh -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "making one sound as they praised and thanked Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# raised their voices -* **raised their voices** - AT: "they sang" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "sang loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for his covenant loyalty endures forever + +The abstract noun "covenant loyalty" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "for he is faithful forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then the house, the house of Yahweh, was filled with a cloud + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then a cloud filled the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/intro.md b/2ch/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..465ac2d064 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Moving the contents of the tent ##### +Everything from the tent was moved into the new temple. This too was done in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/01.md b/2ch/06/01.md index 8e86969729..eac443eb16 100644 --- a/2ch/06/01.md +++ b/2ch/06/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh has said that he -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Solomon speaks to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh, you have said that you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# in thick darkness -* **a lofty residence** - AT: "an exalted place to live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **all the assembly of Israel was standing** - AT: "while the people stood" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Here the word "thick" shows that the darkness is extreme. Yahweh spoke of not allowing sinful people to see him as if he were to live in darkness. AT: "in great darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have built you a lofty residence + +Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. AT: "I and your people have built you a lofty residence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a lofty residence + +a magnificent house, appropriate for someone who is very important + +# while all the assembly of Israel was standing + +The phrase "all the assembly" is a generalization. It does not mean that every person of Israel was standing, but that all of the people who were gathered there were standing. AT: "while the people of Israel there were standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/04.md b/2ch/06/04.md index 2f0553997a..9f1db9cec0 100644 --- a/2ch/06/04.md +++ b/2ch/06/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Praise Yahweh, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# David my father -* **has fulfilled it with his own hands** - has caused it to happen or has ensured that his promises were fulfilled (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **in order for my name to be there** - AT: "In order to make myself known there." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +King Solomon actually was one of King David's sons. + +# has fulfilled it + +"has caused it to happen." The word "it" refers to what God had promised. AT: "has ensured that he fulfilled his promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with his own hands + +The hand is a metonym for power. AT: "by his own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in order for my name to be there + +Here the metonym "my name" represents Yahweh's reputation, and his name being there represents people recognizing his greatness and worshiping him there. AT: "for people to worship me there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to be prince over my people Israel + +Being "prince over people" represents ruling them. AT: "to rule my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that my name might be there + +Here the metonym "my name" represents Yahweh's reputation, and his name being there represents people recognizing his greatness and worshiping him there. AT: "so that people might worship me there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to be over my people Israel + +Being "over" people represents ruling them. AT: "to rule my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/07.md b/2ch/06/07.md index fefe97d3fe..b2f6a33dbb 100644 --- a/2ch/06/07.md +++ b/2ch/06/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +King Solomon continues speaking to the people at the temple. -## translationNotes +# it was in the heart of David my father ... it was in your heart ... for it to be in your heart -* **in the heart of David** - AT: "a desire of David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for the name of Yahweh** - Yahweh's name represented His total presence. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here David's heart is spoken of as if it were a container, and what he desired is spoken of as if it were an item in the container. AT: "David my father desired ... you desired ... to desire to do that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the name of Yahweh ... for my name + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "for Yahweh ... for me" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "for Yahweh's reputation ... for my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In that it was in your heart + +"Because it was in your heart" or "Because you wanted" + +# one who will come from your loins + +"one who will be your own offspring" or "one whom you yourself will father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/10.md b/2ch/06/10.md index e0fb127a47..bb3534462f 100644 --- a/2ch/06/10.md +++ b/2ch/06/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# has carried out the word that he had said -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees, ark of the testimony, ark of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is an idiom. AT: "has done exactly what he said he would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I have arisen in the place of David my father -* **in which is Yahweh’s covenant** - AT: "in which are the stone tablets showing the covenant that Yahweh made with us Israelite people." (UDB) +Height is a metaphor for power. AT: "I have gained the power that David my father had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I sit on the throne of Israel + +The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. AT: "I rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the name of Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "for Yahweh" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "for the reputation of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in which is Yahweh's covenant, which + +The stone tablets on which Yahweh had written the terms of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. AT: "in which are the tablets on which Yahweh wrote the terms of the covenant that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/12.md b/2ch/06/12.md index bb1617130d..3880bf1bf2 100644 --- a/2ch/06/12.md +++ b/2ch/06/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in the presence of all the assembly of Israel -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] +"in front of the people of Israel who had gathered there" -## translationNotes +# spread out his hands -* **in the presence of all the assembly of Israel** - AT: "in front of the people of Israel who had gathered there." -* **cubit** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **he spread out his hands toward the heavens** - Solomon lifted up his hands and held them high as he knelt on the platform to pray. +"raised his hands." This was to show that he was praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# five cubits long, five cubits wide, and three cubits high + +You may convert these to modern measures. AT: "two and one-third meters long, two and one-third meters wide, and one and one-half meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# he spread out his hands toward the heavens + +Solomon lifted up his hands and held them high as he knelt on the platform to pray. Spreading out his hands toward the heavens was a way of showing that he was praying to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/14.md b/2ch/06/14.md index ed002b5540..a4f6234e2f 100644 --- a/2ch/06/14.md +++ b/2ch/06/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# on the earth, who keeps covenant and steadfast love with your servants -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "on the earth. You keep your promise to love your servants" or "on the earth. You faithfully love your servants" -## translationNotes +# walk before you with all their heart -* **servants who walk before you with all their heart** - - AT: "us who genuinely try to do what you want us to do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you spoke with your mouth and have fulfilled it with your hand** - This refers to the promise that God made to David that his son would build the temple. AT: "you have fulfilled your promise." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "live wholeheartedly the way that you want them to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you who have kept with your servant David my father, what you promised him + +"you who have kept your promise to your servant David my father." To keep a promise is an idiom that means to do what one has promised. AT: "you who have done what you promised your servant David my father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you spoke with your mouth + +The phrase "with your mouth" may emphasize that God himself spoke. It was not someone else who made the promise. AT: "you yourself spoke" + +# and have fulfilled it with your hand + +The hand is a metonym for the power of the hand. AT: "and, by your power, have fulfilled what you said" or "and by your power have done what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as it is today + +This refers to the day when Solomon was saying this prayer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/16.md b/2ch/06/16.md index 9f5806c57c..49910024eb 100644 --- a/2ch/06/16.md +++ b/2ch/06/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +King Solomon continues praying. -## translationNotes +# carry out what you have promised -* **carry out** - This is a request. AT: "please do" -* **You will not fail to have a man in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel** - AT: "you will always have one of David's descendants as king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **as you have walked before me** - AT: "in the way that David did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This is a request. To carry out what one has said is an idiom meaning to do what one has said. AT: "please do what you have promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You will not fail to have a man + +God speaking in terms of David having a man implies that the man would be a descendant of David. This can be stated positively. AT: "you will always have a descendant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# a man in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel + +The phrase "in my sight" here implies that God would choose the man and the man would want to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to sit on the throne of Israel + +The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. AT: "to rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to walk in my law, as you have walked before me + +The way a person behaves is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "to obey my law, as you have obeyed me" or "to be faithful to my law as you have been faithful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that the promise you made to your servant David will come true + +"that the things that you promised your servant David will happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/18.md b/2ch/06/18.md index e9714768d1..e81718dcab 100644 --- a/2ch/06/18.md +++ b/2ch/06/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +King Solomon continues praying. -## translationNotes +# But will God actually live with mankind on the earth? -* **But will God actually live with mankind on the earth?** - AT: "But God, surely you will not actually live with mankind on the earth." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **listen to the cry and prayer** - AT: "please answer my desperate request"(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **your eyes may be open on this temple day and night** - "you help those who come to you in the temple, at any time - day or night" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that you would put your name** - AT: "where you, yourself, would be known" -* **your servant will pray toward this place** - The people of Israel would pray in the direction of the Temple. +Possible meanings of this question are 1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or 2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. AT: "But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But will God + +Here Solomon speaks about God in the third person to show his great respect for God. It can be stated in the second person. AT: "But will you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Look + +Here "Look" indicates that he is about to say something important. + +# the entire universe and heaven itself cannot contain you + +This implies that God is much greater than all the universe and heaven. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 2:6](../02/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you—how much less can this temple that I have built + +"you, so this temple that I have built certainly cannot contain you" + +# this temple that I have built + +Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. AT: "this temple that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# respect this prayer of your servant and his request + +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he makes his request. Solomon refers to himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "respect me, your servant, as I make this request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# listen to the cry and prayer that your servant prays before you + +The words "cry" and "prayer" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he asks Yahweh to help him. Solomon refers to himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "listen to me, your servant, as I call for you to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# May your eyes be open toward this temple + +The eyes being open is a metonym for watching, and here watching represents protecting. "Please watch over this temple" or "Please protect this temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# day and night + +This is a merism. AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# where you promised to put your name + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "where you promised to be" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "where you promised to make people know you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the prayer your servant prays toward this place + +Solomon refers to himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "the prayer that I, your servant, pray toward this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/21.md b/2ch/06/21.md index 3bfca4e314..43f9a6be39 100644 --- a/2ch/06/21.md +++ b/2ch/06/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +King Solomon continues praying. -## translationNotes +# So listen to the requests of your servant and of your people Israel -* **when you listen, forgive** - AT: "when you hear the prayers, please forgive their sin" +Solomon speaks of himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "So listen to my requests and the requests of your people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# when you listen, forgive + +"when you hear our prayers, please forgive our sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/22.md b/2ch/06/22.md index 52e448f813..a6e74108b1 100644 --- a/2ch/06/22.md +++ b/2ch/06/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +King Solomon continues praying. -## translationNotes +# is required to swear an oath -* **act and judge** - - AT: "decide who is telling the truth." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **to bring his conduct on his own head** - - AT: "Then punish the person who is guilty as he deserves to be punished," +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone requires him to swear an oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this house + +This refers to the temple. + +# bringing what he has done upon his own head + +To bring someone's conduct on him represents punishing him for his bad conduct. AT: "punishing him as he deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# upon his own head + +Here the "head" refers to the whole person. AT: "on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# give to him according to his righteousness + +"give him what he deserves because he is innocent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/24.md b/2ch/06/24.md index bf91198481..a83553b13c 100644 --- a/2ch/06/24.md +++ b/2ch/06/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When your people Israel are defeated by an enemy -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When an enemy defeats your people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# because they have sinned against you -* **please listen from the heavens and** - AT: "Please, honor their prayer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you gave to them** - AT: "you promised to them" +"because your people Israel have sinned against you" + +# if they turn back to you + +Here "turn back to you" represents submitting again to God. AT: "if they submit to you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# confess your name + +Possible meanings are 1) "confess that they have sinned against you" or 2) "praise you" or 3) "say that they will obey you from now on." + +# request forgiveness before you + +The abstract noun "forgiveness" can be translated as a verb. AT: "ask you to forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# please listen from the heavens + +To "listen" is an idiom for responding to prayer. AT: "please honor their prayer" or "please answer their prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bring them back to the land that you gave to them and to their ancestors + +This implies that when their enemies defeated them, God's people will have gone to live in other lands. AT: "bring them back to their own land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/26.md b/2ch/06/26.md index 260bc96571..7562d01e9d 100644 --- a/2ch/06/26.md +++ b/2ch/06/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When the skies are shut up and there is no rain -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:confess|confess]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain, and when God does not want it to rain he closes the door to the building. AT: "When you do not allow rain to fall from the skies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# confess your name -* **When the skies are shut up and there is no rain** - - AT: "When you do not allow any rain to fall" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **confess your name** - With their words and by their actions, they honor God and His authority. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **turn from their sin** - AT: stop their evil ways" -* **direct them to the good way in which they should walk** - AT: "show them how to live righteously" +Possible meanings are 1) "confess that they have sinned against you" or 2) "praise you" or 3) "say that they will obey you from now on." + +# turn from their sin + +Here "turn from" is a metaphor for stopping doing it. AT: "stop committing their sins" or "stop acting sinfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the good way in which they should walk + +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "the good way that they should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your land, which you have given to your people as an inheritance + +The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance because God wanted them to possess it forever. AT: "your land, which you have given to your people to own forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/28.md b/2ch/06/28.md index f9c7bc1157..fddb0c5e3c 100644 --- a/2ch/06/28.md +++ b/2ch/06/28.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# blight or mildew -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh, dread]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:locust]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] +These are agricultural terms that refer to the death of crops from either too little or too much rain, respectively. -## translationNotes +# locusts or caterpillars -* **prayers and requests** - ernestly plead (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **each knowing the plague and sorrow in his own heart** - AT: "because they know the weakness and sorrow in their own hearts—" -* **he spreads out his hands** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:06:12]] -* **all his ways** - AT: "what he has done" +A "locust" is a type of grasshopper that causes destruction by eating crops. The word "caterpillar" refers to an early growth stage of the locust. + +# prayers and requests are made by a person or by all your people Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person, or all your people Israel, prays and makes requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# prayers and requests + +The words "prayers" and "requests" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person is sincere as he makes his requests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# knowing the plague and sorrow in his own heart + +Here "plague" is a metaphor for sin, and sin and sorrow are spoken of as being in people's hearts. AT: "knowing the sin and sorrow in his own heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he spreads out his hands toward this temple + +This was a way of showing that they were praying to the God of the temple. See how you translated "spread out his hands" in [2 Chronicles 6:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# for all his ways + +Here "his ways" represents the person's behavior. AT: "for what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that they may walk in your ways + +Here "walk in your ways" represents living and behaving the way God wants. AT: "so that they may live as you want them to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/32.md b/2ch/06/32.md index 9456c3474e..9c20034c15 100644 --- a/2ch/06/32.md +++ b/2ch/06/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] +King Solomon continues praying. -## translationNotes +# who—because of your great name, your mighty hand, and your outstretched arm—comes -* **your great name, your mighty hand, and your raised arm** - AT: "you are very great and powerful. " (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **called by your name** - AT: "known as the house of Yahweh, your possession." +It is implied that the foreigners come because they hear about God's greatness. AT: "who hears about your great name, your mighty hand, and your outstretched arm—if he comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your great name + +Here God's name represents his reputation. AT: "your great reputation" or "your greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your mighty hand, and your outstretched arm + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prays toward this house + +Praying toward Yahweh's temple shows that one is praying to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# may know your name + +Here God's name represents his reputation. AT: "may know your reputation" or "may know your greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as do your own people Israel + +"as your own people Israel know your name and fear you" + +# this house I have built is called by your name + +The phrase "is called by your name" shows that God possesses and owns the house. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you own this house that I have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this house I have built + +Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 6:18](./18.md). AT: "this house that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/34.md b/2ch/06/34.md index 8f80c36d72..930c5ba532 100644 --- a/2ch/06/34.md +++ b/2ch/06/34.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +King Solomon continues praying. -## translationNotes +# Suppose that your people go out ... suppose that they pray -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]] -* **I have built** - AT: "The people have built under my leadership" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# they pray to you toward this city ... and toward the house + +Praying toward Jerusalem and the temple shows that they are praying to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the house that I have built + +Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. AT: "this house that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for your name + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "for you" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "for your reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to their prayer, their request + +The abstract nouns "prayer" and "request" can be stated as verbs. AT: "to what they request when they pray to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# help their cause + +This refers to helping them fight against their enemies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/36.md b/2ch/06/36.md index 2335a2eaff..88fa3a8157 100644 --- a/2ch/06/36.md +++ b/2ch/06/36.md @@ -1,21 +1,63 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:exile|exile, the Exile]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:perverse]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +King Solomon continues praying. -## translationNotes +# Suppose they sin ... suppose that you are angry ... suppose they realize ... suppose that they repent ... Suppose that they say ... Suppose that they return ... suppose that they pray -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]] -* **the enemy carries them away and takes them as captives to their land** - the enemy takes them as captives and brings them to the land of their enemies" -* **pray toward their land** - This refers to Israel. AT: "and pray facing this land that you gave their ancestors," +When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# hand them over to the enemy + +Here "hand them over to the enemy" represents allowing the enemy to capture them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that the enemy carries them away + +Here "carries them away" represents forcing them to leave their own country. AT: "so that the enemy forces them to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# where they have been exiled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where their enemies have taken them as exiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# seek favor from you + +"beg you to be merciful to them" + +# We have acted perversely and sinned. We have behaved wickedly + +These two sentences mean the same thing. Together they emphasize how bad the people's actions were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# acted perversely and sinned + +The words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the people sinned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they return to you + +Here "return to you" represents submitting to Yahweh again. AT: "they submit to you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with all their heart and with all their soul + +The idioms "with all their heart" means "completely" and "with all their soul" means "with all their being." These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# where they took them as captives + +"where their enemies took them as captives" + +# that they pray toward their land + +This refers to Israel. Praying toward Israel would show that they were praying to Yahweh, the God of Israel. AT: "that they pray facing their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# toward the city that you chose + +This refers to Jerusalem. + +# the house that I have built + +Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. AT: "the house that your people have built under my leadership" or "the house that I and your people have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for your name + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "for you" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "for your reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to their prayer and to their requests + +The words "prayer" and "requests" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people are sincere as they make their requests. AT: "their requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/40.md b/2ch/06/40.md index 2d0d4cf443..13b1a10d93 100644 --- a/2ch/06/40.md +++ b/2ch/06/40.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# let your eyes be open -* **let your eyes be open, and let your ears be attentive** - AT: please see us and listen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. AT: "please pay attention to us" or "please look at us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let your ears be attentive to the prayer + +The ears being attentive is a metonym for listening attentively. AT: "please listen to the prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the prayer that is made in this place + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "to the prayer that we make in this place" or "to us as we pray to you in this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# arise, Yahweh God, to your resting place + +This pictures God as if he were sitting on his throne, and asks that he will get up from his throne and come to this place. AT: "arise, Yahweh God, and come to your resting place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the ark of your strength + +"the ark, which is a symbol of your power" + +# Let your priests ... be clothed with salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with the verb "to save." Possible meanings are 1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. AT: "Let your priests ... know that you have saved them" or 2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. AT: "Let your priests ... demonstrate how you save people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# do not turn the face of your anointed away from you + +Turning the face of someone away represents rejecting him. AT: "do not reject your anointed one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your anointed + +"your anointed one." Being anointed is a metonym for being chosen by God. King Solomon may have been speaking specifically about himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one you anointed" or "me, the one you chose to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Keep in mind your acts of covenant loyalty for David, your servant + +The phrase "your acts" can be expressed with the phrase "what you have done." AT: "Remember what you have done for David, your servant, because of your covenant loyalty" + +# Keep in mind + +"Remember" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/intro.md b/2ch/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b8c3df8b78 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Temple dedication ##### +Solomon dedicated the temple with a prayer asking God to honor the temple. It was common to dedicate something important to God when it was completed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/01.md b/2ch/07/01.md index 6ed36b96b1..7a9ed2c393 100644 --- a/2ch/07/01.md +++ b/2ch/07/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the house -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"Yahweh's house" or "the temple" -## translationNotes +# they bowed down with their faces to the ground on the stone pavement -* **with their faces to the ground** - This is a position of prayer. AT: "they prostrated themselves with their faces touching the stone pavement." -* **his covenant loyalty** - AT: "God's covenant faithfulness" +This is a position of humility and worship. AT: "they lay down on the ground with their faces touching the stone pavement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# his covenant loyalty endures forever + +The abstract noun "covenant loyalty" can be expressed with the adjective "loyal" and the verb "promise." AT: "God will always be loyal to us because of his covenant" or "God will always faithfully do for us what he promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/04.md b/2ch/07/04.md index 2a94b44d93..0fcdfbbe5e 100644 --- a/2ch/07/04.md +++ b/2ch/07/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# all the people -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This generalization refers either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [2 Chronicles 5:2](../05/02.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty-two thousand oxen -* **each standing where they serve** - AT: "each standing in there appointed place" +"22,000 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 120,000 sheep and goats + +"one hundred and twenty thousand sheep and goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# each standing where they serve + +"each standing in their appointed place" + +# the Levites also with instruments of music of Yahweh + +The word "stood" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: the Levites also stood with instruments of music of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# For his covenant faithfulness endures for ever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [2 Chronicles 7:3](./04.md). AT: "God will always be faithful to his covenant with us" or "God will always faithfully love us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all Israel + +This generalization refers to those who were at the feast in Jerusalem, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/07.md b/2ch/07/07.md index 124d94e7bb..fce67ca639 100644 --- a/2ch/07/07.md +++ b/2ch/07/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the bronze altar that he had made -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering|fellowship offering, peace offering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering|grain offering]] +The author speaks of Solomon commanding someone to make the bronze altar and telling him how to do it as if Solomon himself had made it. AT: "the bronze altar that he had commanded someone to make" or "the bronze altar that he had caused to be made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# was not able to hold the burnt offerings, the grain offerings, and the fat -* **was not able to hold the burnt offerings** - AT: "was not able to hold the large amount of burnt offerings" +This was because there were so many offerings. AT: "was not able to hold the large amount of burnt offerings, grain offerings, and fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/08.md b/2ch/07/08.md index ce6fff7a3e..fcb497fa7d 100644 --- a/2ch/07/08.md +++ b/2ch/07/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel with him -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] +This generalization refers to those who were at the the feast in Jerusalem, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# from Lebo Hamath to the brook of Egypt -* **Lebo Hamath** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a solemn assembly** - This was a special assembly. -* **and all Israel with him ** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the twenty-third day of the seventh month** - third day of the seventh month** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) +Lebo Hamath was north of Israel, and the brook of Egypt was south of Israel. These are used together to emphasize that people from every part of Israel were at the festival. AT: "from Lebo Hamath in the north to the brook of Egypt in the south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the eighth day + +The word "eighth" is the ordinal form of "8." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# a solemn assembly + +This was a special religious gathering. + +# they kept the dedication of the altar + +Here "kept the dedication" is an idiom meaning "celebrated the dedication." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the twenty-third day of the seventh month + +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-third day is near the middle of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# with glad and joyful hearts + +The words "glad" and "joyful" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of joy. AT: "with very glad hearts" or "and they were very joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# because of the goodness that Yahweh had shown + +"because Yahweh had shown wonderful goodness" or "because Yahweh had been so good" + +# Israel, his people + +"Israel, God's people." The phrase "his people" emphasizes God's faithfulness to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/11.md b/2ch/07/11.md index dcd8258ead..cbac863ce4 100644 --- a/2ch/07/11.md +++ b/2ch/07/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon finished the house of Yahweh and his own house -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "the workers whom Solomon commanded finished the house of Yahweh and Solomon's own house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Everything that came into Solomon's heart to make -* **carried out - "finished"** - "finished"** -* **I have heard your prayer** - AT: "I have listened to your prayer" +The heart is spoken of as if it were a container, and desires are spoken of as if they came into the heart. AT: "Everything that Solomon desired to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he successfully carried out + +This is an idiom. AT: "he successfully finished" or "he caused to be done successfully (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by night + +"at night" or "one night" + +# a house of sacrifice + +"the house where people will offer sacrifices to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/13.md b/2ch/07/13.md index 94772e4a7a..2e3e1b66dd 100644 --- a/2ch/07/13.md +++ b/2ch/07/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Suppose that I shut up the heavens so that there is no rain -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Here "heavens" refers to the sky, and is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 6:26](../06/26.md). AT: "Suppose that I do not allow the rain to fall from the skies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# devour the land -* **shut up the heavens so that there is no rain** - AT: "stopped the rain" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **devour the land** - The word "land" is used to mean "all the living plants and crops". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **seek my face** - AT: "search for God" or "to come to God for help". -* **my eyes will be open...my ears attentive - ** - ** The words "eyes" and "ears" refer to God, who chooses to see and hear their prayers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) AT: "I will see them and I will listen" . +The word "land" represents the plants and crops on the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if I send disease among my people + +Here "send disease" represents causing diseases. AT: "if I cause my people to have diseases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who are called by my name + +Here being called by God's name is an idiom meaning belonging to God. AT: "who belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# seek my face + +Here God's face represents his acceptance of them. Possible meanings are "seek my face" represents 1) urgently asking him for forgiveness. AT: "beg me to forgive them" or 2) strongly wanting to please him. AT: "choose to please me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turn from their wicked ways + +Here "turn from" is a metaphor meaning to stop doing something, and "ways" represent behavior. AT: "stop their wicked behavior" or "stop doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heal their land + +Here land that does not produce much is spoken of as though it were sick. AT: "make their land good again" or "make their land produce good crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# my eyes will be open + +The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. AT: "I will pay attention to you" or "I will watch you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my ears attentive to the prayers + +The ears being attentive is a metonym for listening attentively. AT: "I will listen to the prayers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the prayers that are made in this place + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "to the prayers that you make in this place" or "to you as you pray to me in this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/16.md b/2ch/07/16.md index c5e3af138f..fe227149dd 100644 --- a/2ch/07/16.md +++ b/2ch/07/16.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# that my name may be there forever -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Possible meanings are 1) God's name represents himself. AT: "that I may be there forever" or 2) God's name represents Yahweh's reputation, and his name being there represents people worshiping him there. AT: "for people to worship me there forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# My eyes and my heart will be there every day -* **my eyes and my heart** - "my love, careful watch, and protection". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **if you walk before me as David your father walked, ** - AT: "If you obey me as David, your father, did," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **establish the throne** - AT: "I will make sure that your descendants will always be kings," (UDB) +Here "My eyes" represents God's careful attention, and "my heart" represents his love. These being at his temple implies that he will protect his temple. AT: "I will watch and protect it forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As for you + +Here "you" refers to King Solomon. + +# if you walk before me as David your father walked + +Here walking is a metaphor for living. Walking before God represents living in obedience to him. AT: "If you obey me as David your father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# David your father + +Solomon was one of David's sons. + +# keeping my statutes and my decrees + +"obeying my statutes and my decrees" + +# I will establish the throne of your kingdom + +Here the throne represents ruling. Establishing the throne of Solomon's kingdom represents causing Solomon to have descendants who will rule over Israel. AT: "I will make descendants of yours rule over your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# A descendant of yours will never fail to be ruler in Israel + +This can be stated positively. AT: "One of your descendants will always be ruler in Israel" or "Descendants of yours will always rule in Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/19.md b/2ch/07/19.md index 73b84cb411..09d8009b19 100644 --- a/2ch/07/19.md +++ b/2ch/07/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But if you turn away -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:proverb|proverb]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Here "turn away" from God is a metaphor meaning to stop worshiping him. AT: "But if you stop worshiping me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you turn away -* **then will I pluck them up by the roots out of my land** - AT: "remove them from my land". Compares pulling plants up by their roots from the soil, with the removal of God's people of Israel from his land. The results would be destruction of the nation and sadness of the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are that the word "you" refers 1) to all the people of Israel, or 2) to Solomon and his descendants. + +# my statutes and my commandments + +Here the words "commandments" and "statutes" mean basically the same thing and emphasize all that Yahweh has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will uproot them from out of my ground that I have given them + +The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. God speaks of making his people leave his land as if they were plants that he would pull up by their roots out of the soil. AT: "I will make them leave the land I have given them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This house + +This refers to the temple. + +# that I have set apart for my name + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "that I have set apart for myself" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "that I have set apart for my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will cast away from before me + +God speaks of rejecting his temple as if he were to throw it far away from himself. AT: "I will reject it" or "I will ignore it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make it a proverb and a joke among all the peoples + +"I will cause all the peoples to make proverbs and jokes about it" or "because of what I do to it, all the nations will mock and ridicule it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/21.md b/2ch/07/21.md index cb3e1221fb..4754d7193f 100644 --- a/2ch/07/21.md +++ b/2ch/07/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# will be shocked -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"will be amazed" -## translationNotes +# will hiss -* **forsook Yahweh** - to turn away from God, to reject him as the one and only true God. -* **they laid hold of other gods and bowed down to them and worshiped them ** - AT: "they have chosen to worship other gods and try to please them." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is how they would show that they are shocked by what happened to the temple (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they forsook Yahweh + +"they were unfaithful to Yahweh" or "they did not obey Yahweh" + +# who had brought their ancestors out of the land of Egypt + +This phrase tells why they should have worshiped God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# they laid hold of other gods + +Here "laid hold of" represents choosing to be loyal to them. AT: "they chose to be loyal to other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bowed down to them and worshiped them + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase "bowed down to them" describes the posture that people used in worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/intro.md b/2ch/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5df8273512 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Solomon's dream ##### +God appeared again to Solomon in a dream and said the temple was acceptable and he honored it with his presence. He would remain as long as Israel obeyed him. If they worshiped other gods and idols he would let their enemies destroy the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/01.md b/2ch/08/01.md index f868c4c67e..64c05492f2 100644 --- a/2ch/08/01.md +++ b/2ch/08/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way of doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# at the end of twenty years -* **It came about at the end of twenty years** - AT: After 20 years," -* **Hiram** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"after 20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Solomon had built the house of Yahweh and his own house + +The author writes of Solomon commanding the people to build the temple and palace and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built them. AT: "Solomon caused the house of Yahweh and his own house to be built" or "Solomon directed the building of the temple and his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hiram + +Hiram was the king of Tyre. See how you translated his name in [2 Chronicles 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "Hiram, the king of Tyre" or "King Hiram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Solomon rebuilt the towns that Hiram had given to him + +The author speaks of Solomon commanding the people to rebuild the towns as if he himself had rebuilt them. AT: "Solomon caused the towns that Hiram had given to him to be rebuilt" or "Solomon commanded and the people rebuilt the towns that Hiram had given to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/03.md b/2ch/08/03.md index 7391d87de7..141c41530a 100644 --- a/2ch/08/03.md +++ b/2ch/08/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon attacked Hamathzobah -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] +Solomon represents his whole fighting army. AT: "Solomon's army attacked the town of Hamathzolbah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# He built Tadmor in the wilderness -* **Solomon attacked Hamathzolbah** - Solomon represents his whole fighting army. AT: "Solomon's army attacked the town of Hamathzolbah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Tadmar...Hamath** - Cities in Syria. +Tadmor was a city north of Israel, in modern-day Syria. The author writes of Solomon commanding the people to build Tadmor as if Solomon himself built it. AT: "Solomon caused the town of Tadmor in the wilderness to be rebuilt" or "Solomon commanded, and the people built the town of Tadmor in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Tadmor + +Tadmor was a city north of Israel, in modern-day Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# store cities + +"storage cities" or "supply cities." These are cities where the government stored food or supplies. + +# Hamath + +Hamath was a region north of Israel, in modern-day Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/05.md b/2ch/08/05.md index 3c689f0aeb..1ddd4c6f14 100644 --- a/2ch/08/05.md +++ b/2ch/08/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Horon the Upper and Beth Horon the Lower -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen|horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon|Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +These were two cities in Judah. The upper city was on top of a hill and the lower city was in a valley. AT: "Higher Beth Horon and Lower Beth Horon" or "Beth Horon of the Hill and Beth Horon of the Valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Baalath -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +This was a city in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the lands under his rule + +"all the lands that he ruled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/07.md b/2ch/08/07.md index 9b5480d2f2..b085414c93 100644 --- a/2ch/08/07.md +++ b/2ch/08/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# their descendants who were left after them in the land -* [[en:tw:Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hittite|Hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite|Hivite]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites|Jebusite]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:labor|labor, laborer]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite|Perizzite]] +"after those people died, their descendants who remained in the land" -## translationNotes +# forced laborers -* **who were left after them in the land** - AT: "who remained in the land" -* **forced laborers** - AT: "slaves" -* **to this day** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:05:09]] +"slaves" + +# which they are to this day + +This phrase adds information about the descendants of those that Solomon had made into forced laborers. AT: "and their descendants are still forced laborers even now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# to this day + +This refers to the time when the book of 2 Chronicles was written. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/09.md b/2ch/08/09.md index 2c75e60d22..15a333bace 100644 --- a/2ch/08/09.md +++ b/2ch/08/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon made no forced laborers of the people of Israel -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen|horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] +"Solomon did not make any of the people of Israel become slaves" -## translationNotes +# 250 -* There are no notes for this passage. +"two hundred fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/11.md b/2ch/08/11.md index 90bc8bb5e9..ffb4303b77 100644 --- a/2ch/08/11.md +++ b/2ch/08/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the daughter of Pharaoh -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"his wife, the daughter of Paharaoh" -## translationNotes +# to the house that he had built for her -* There are no notes for this passage. +The author writes about Solomon having his workers build a house for his wife as if he himself had built it. AT: "the house that he had his workers build for her" or "to the house he had commanded his workers to build for her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# David king of Israel + +David was Solomon's father and had been king before Solomon. + +# because wherever the ark of Yahweh has come is holy + +It can be stated that the ark had been brought into King David's house. AT: "because the ark of Yahweh was brought into that house, and wherever the ark of Yahweh has come is holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/12.md b/2ch/08/12.md index 2df5e6749e..887dec1537 100644 --- a/2ch/08/12.md +++ b/2ch/08/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# his altar that he had built -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:pentecost]] -* [[en:tw:pentecost|Pentecost, Festival of Weeks]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread|unleavened bread]] +The author writes about Solomon having his workers build the altar as if he himself had built it. AT: "on Yahweh's altar that Solomon had his workers build" or "the Yahweh's altar that he had commanded his workers to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# his altar -* **portico** - This is a covered porch or walkway supported by columns, attached to a building. -* **the daily schedule required** - AT: "according to the daily requirements of the Law of Moses" -* **on the set festivals, three times every year: the Festival of Unleavened Bread, Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Shelters** - AT: "on all the festivals" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"Yahweh's altar" or "the altar of Yahweh" + +# the portico + +"the temple porch" or "the entrance to the temple." This was a covered porch supported by columns, attached to the front of the temple. + +# the daily schedule required + +"as was required each day" + +# following the directions + +Here "following the directions" represents obeying them. AT: "obeying the directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the directions found in the commandment of Moses + +"what Moses had commanded them" + +# the set festivals three times every year + +"the three festivals that they were to celebrate every year" + +# the Festival of Shelters + +"the Festival of Tents." This is a festival to celebrate God's provision for his people. When the people of Israel wandered in the desert, they lived in temporary shelters. Each year when they harvested their crops, they stayed in temporary shelters in their gardens. In both situations, God provided for them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/14.md b/2ch/08/14.md index de155f15f6..7b2a5b1ca7 100644 --- a/2ch/08/14.md +++ b/2ch/08/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In keeping with the decrees of his father David -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"According to the decrees of his father David" or "As his father David had decreed" -## translationNotes +# He also appointed the gatekeepers by their divisions to every gate -* **people did not deviate from the commands** - AT: "people followed the commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"He also appointed groups of gatekeepers to each gate" + +# gatekeepers + +These were Levites who guarded the gates and only let inside those who had permission to go inside. + +# These people did not deviate from the commands + +Here "deviate from the commands" represents to do something different from what was commanded. It can be stated positively. AT: "These people carefully obeyed the commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/16.md b/2ch/08/16.md index af6e69ecbe..f9e1045f03 100644 --- a/2ch/08/16.md +++ b/2ch/08/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# All the work ordered by Solomon was completed -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:foundation|foundation, founded]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They completed all the work that Solomon had ordered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# from the day the foundation of the house of Yahweh was laid -* **accomplished** - AT: "finished" or "completed" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from the day they laid the foundation of the house of Yahweh" or "from the day they built the foundation of the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# until it was finished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until they finished building the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The house of Yahweh was completed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The house of Yahweh was complete" or "They completed building the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/17.md b/2ch/08/17.md index 9fde2d3a61..ffe2f403b7 100644 --- a/2ch/08/17.md +++ b/2ch/08/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Ezion Geber and then to Elath on the coast -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +These are towns along the Sea of Reeds. They had ports where people who had ships could stop. AT: "the towns of Ezion Geber and Elath, on the coast of the Sea of Reeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Ophir -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* ** ships commanded by servants who understood the sea** - AT: "experienced sailors, piloting cargo ships" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **talent** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +This is the name of a place. Its location is not known. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 450 talents of gold + +"four hundred and fifty talents of gold." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about sixteen thousand kilograms of gold" or "about fifteen metric tons of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/intro.md b/2ch/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6311e2f4bc --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Solomon's victories ##### +Solomon achieved many victory when he was king. This chapter records many of these victories. Israel is at its height of power when Solomon was king. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/01.md b/2ch/09/01.md index 052c7f7b81..dc236d71a7 100644 --- a/2ch/09/01.md +++ b/2ch/09/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# She came with a very long caravan -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +"a very large group of servants" or "a very long line of servants" -## translationNotes +# all that was in her heart -* **told her all her questions** - AT: "answered all her questions" +This is a generalization. AT: "everything she wanted to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# there was no question that he did not answer + +This can be stated positively. AT: "he answered every question" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/03.md b/2ch/09/03.md index fcac570dc1..462b008c8e 100644 --- a/2ch/09/03.md +++ b/2ch/09/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When the queen of Sheba saw Solomon's wisdom and the palace that he had built +Here "saw Solomon's wisdom" represents realizing that Solomon was very wise. AT: "When the queen of Sheba realized how wise Solomon was, and when she saw the palace that he had built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the palace that he had built -* **the palace that he had built, the food on his table, the seating of his servants, the work of his servants and their clothing, also his cupbearers and their clothing** - Sheba saw everything of Solomon's (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **cupbearers** - These were servants who tasted a drink before the King does to test it for poison. -* **she had no spirit in her** - AT: "she was not full of pride anymore" +The author writes about Solomon having his workers build his palace as if he himself had built it. AT: "the palace that Solomon had his workers build" or "the palace that he had commanded his workers to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the seating of his servants + +Possible meanings are 1) where his servants lived or 2) how his servants sat around the table. + +# his cupbearers + +"his wine servers." These were servants who tasted the king's wine to make sure that there was no poison in it. If it was safe to drink the wine, they would give it to the king. + +# there was no more spirit in her + +This is an idiom. AT: "she was completely amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/05.md b/2ch/09/05.md index c2f2d09c2b..33ab807a3e 100644 --- a/2ch/09/05.md +++ b/2ch/09/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I heard in my own land -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"I heard while I was in my own land" -## translationNotes +# your words and your wisdom -* **now my eyes have seen it** - AT: "now I have seen it for myself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Not half was told me about your wisdom and wealth** - AT: "You are extremely wise and rich" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Here the word "wisdom" can describe the word "words." AT: "your wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]). + +# now my eyes have seen it + +The phrase "my eyes" emphasizes that she herself saw it. AT: "now I have seen it for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Not half was told me about your wisdom and wealth + +This can be stated it active form. AT: "They did not tell me about even half of your wisdom and wealth" or "You are much more wise and wealthy than what they told me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/07.md b/2ch/09/07.md index a0ce9424d3..60be35944e 100644 --- a/2ch/09/07.md +++ b/2ch/09/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# How blessed are your people -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +This is an exclamation that shows her amazement. AT: "Your people are greatly blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# how blessed are your servants who constantly stand before you -* **who constantly stand before you** - AT: "who wait for your commands in your presence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **who has taken pleasure in you** - AT: "who is pleased with you" +This is an exclamation that shows her amazement. AT: "your servants who constantly stand before you are greatly blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# they hear your wisdom + +Hear "wisdom" represents the wise things that he says. AT: "they hear the wise things that you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who has taken pleasure in you, who placed you on his throne + +These phrases tell why people should praise Yahweh. AT: "because he has taken pleasure in you and placed you on his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# who has taken pleasure in you + +"who is pleased with you" + +# who placed you on his throne, to be king for Yahweh your God + +The idea of being on Yahweh's throne represents having the authority to rule as Yahweh does. Being king "for Yahweh" means to represent Yahweh as king. AT: "who gave you authority to rule as he does, to represent Yahweh your God as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in order to establish them forever + +Possible meanings are 1) "establish" represents helping them in general. AT: "in order to help them forever" or 2) "establish" represents making them strong as a nation. AT: "in order to make them a nation forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for you to do justice and righteousness + +The abstract nouns "justice" and "righteousness" can be expressed with the words "fairly" and "righteously." AT: "for you to rule fairly and righteously" or "for you to do what is just and right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/09.md b/2ch/09/09.md index e980ca49d5..76ce1bda0a 100644 --- a/2ch/09/09.md +++ b/2ch/09/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# 120 talents +"one hundred and twenty talents." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about four thousand kilograms of gold" or "about four metric tons of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## translationNotes +# No greater amount of spices ... was ever given to him again -* **talent** - (See: [[:En:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +The verb "was ever given" can be expressed in active form. AT: "No one ever gave more spices than the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/10.md b/2ch/09/10.md index c6d48ec7d4..1392314c9e 100644 --- a/2ch/09/10.md +++ b/2ch/09/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Hiram -* [[en:tw:Servant]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +Hiram was the king of Tyre. See how you translated his name in [2 Chronicles 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "Hiram, the king of Tyre" or "King Hiram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Ophir -* **Hiram** - The king of Tyre. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ophir** - An unknown place known for its gold. -* **algum wood** - This is a type of wood. +This is the name of a place. Its location is not known. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 8:18](../08/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# algum wood + +Algum is a kind of tree that grows in Lebanon. King Hiram sent this kind of wood to Solomon. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 2:8](../02/08.md). + +# the king made steps ... well as harps and lyres + +The author speaks of the king having his workers make these things as if he himself had made them. AT: "the king had his workers make the steps .. as well as harps and lyres" or "the king's workers made steps ... well as harps and lyres" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# No wood like this had been seen before in the land of Judah + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one had seen wood like this before in the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/13.md b/2ch/09/13.md index ea3409d7ed..7d36b67be1 100644 --- a/2ch/09/13.md +++ b/2ch/09/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in one year +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to each year or 2) this refers to a particular year. -## translationNotes +# 666 talents of gold -* There are no notes for this passage. +A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about twenty-two thousand kilograms of gold" or "about twenty-two metric tons of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 666 + +"six hundred and sixty-six" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/15.md b/2ch/09/15.md index 1a2deb95eb..4c9400680a 100644 --- a/2ch/09/15.md +++ b/2ch/09/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# King Solomon made +The author writes about Solomon having his workers make the shields as if he himself had made them. AT: "King Solomon had his workers make" or "King Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# two hundred large shields -* **Six hundred shekels of gold went into each one.** - AT: "They were made of six hundred shekels of gold." -* **shekels... minas** - (See: [[:En:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon** - This was likely a storage place near the palace made of many large pieces of wood from Lebanon. This could also be called an armory. +"200 large shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# beaten gold + +"gold that people had beaten into thin sheets" + +# Six hundred shekels of gold went into each one + +Here the phrase "went into" represents being made with. Possible meanings are 1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. AT: "They covered each shield with six hundred shekels of gold" or 2) the shields were made of gold. AT: "They made each shield out of six hundred shekels of gold" + +# Six hundred shekels of gold + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "Six and one half kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# Six hundred shekels + +The word "shekels" does not appear here in the Hebrew text. Some modern versions assume instead the unit called bekah, which was equivalent to only a half shekel. Any version making this assumption would signal a metric equivalent of about three kilograms. + +# He also made + +The author writes about Solomon having his workers make the shields as if he himself had made them. AT: "King Solomon had his workers also make" or "His workers also made"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# three hundred shields + +"300 shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Three minas of gold went into each shield + +Here the phrase "went into" represents being made with. Possible meanings are 1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. AT: "They covered each shield with three minas of gold" or 2) the shields were made of gold. AT: "They made each shield out of three minas of gold" + +# Three minas of gold + +A mina is about 600 grams. You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "One and three-quarters kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# the king put them + +The author writes about Solomon having his workers put the shields in the palace as if he himself had put them there. AT: "King Solomon had his workers put them" or "King Solomon's workers put them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the House of the Forest of Lebanon + +Solomon's palace was built of trees from Lebanon. Possible meanings are 1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. AT: "the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon" or 2) this was the name of his whole palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/17.md b/2ch/09/17.md index 2c0d890b3b..f3ed3c186b 100644 --- a/2ch/09/17.md +++ b/2ch/09/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the king made a great throne +The author speaks of commanding his workers to build the throne as if he himself had built it. AT: "the king had his workers make a great throne" or "the king's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# a great throne of ivory -* **ivory** - This is another name for the tusk or horn of an animal, like an elephant or rhinoceros. -* **six steps** - [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]] -* **the top of the throne was round behind** - AT: "the top of the throne was round behind where the king sat" +"a great throne decorated with ivory" + +# ivory + +Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals, such as the elephant, walrus, or hippopotamus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# two lions + +These were statues. AT: "two statues of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/19.md b/2ch/09/19.md index df71965f61..6f4e39e877 100644 --- a/2ch/09/19.md +++ b/2ch/09/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the House of the Forest of Lebanon -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Solomon's palace was built of trees from Lebanon. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:16](./15.md). Possible meanings are 1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. AT: "the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon" or 2) this was the name of his whole palace. AT: "the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# silver was not considered valuable in Solomon's days -* **silver was not considered valuable in Solomon’s days** - Silver was so common in Solomon's days that it had very little value. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **apes and baboons** - Animals from very far away, likely Africa. +Silver was so common in Solomon's days that if a king wanted to show his wealth, he would not do it by making things out of silver. Instead he would use gold, which was less common and more valuable. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people did not value silver so much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in Solomon's days + +Here "Solomon's days" refers to the time when Solomon ruled. AT: "when Solomon ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a fleet of oceangoing ships + +"a group of ships that travel on the ocean" + +# along with the fleet of Hiram + +"along with Hiram's fleet of ships" + +# apes and baboons + +It is not certain whether the word translated as "apes" here refers to apes, baboons, or monkeys. It is not certain whether the word translated as "baboons" here refers to baboons or peacocks. This can be translated more generally as "animals from far away" or "animals from Africa." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/22.md b/2ch/09/22.md index cf3ed64bcb..5adcdc30d3 100644 --- a/2ch/09/22.md +++ b/2ch/09/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# All the kings of the earth -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The word "all" here is a generalization. AT: "Kings from around the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# sought the presence of Solomon -* **which God had put in his heart** - AT: "which God gave him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **year after year** - AT: "every year" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The presence of a person is a metonym for being able to speak and listen to the person. AT: "wanted to visit Solomon" or "came to visit Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart + +The heart is a metonym for what a person thinks, and here it is spoken of as if it were a container. The abstract noun "wisdom" is a metonym for the wise things a person thinks or says. AT: "to hear how wise God had enabled him to be" or "to hear him speak the wise words that God had enabled him to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# which God had put in his heart + +God putting wisdom in Solomon's heart represents God making Solomon wise. AT: "which God had given him" or "because God had made him wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# year after year + +This is an idiom. AT: "every year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/25.md b/2ch/09/25.md index a9ea00c5de..da87a2fcad 100644 --- a/2ch/09/25.md +++ b/2ch/09/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# four thousand stalls ... twelve thousand horsemen -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +"4,000 stalls ... 12,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# stalls -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **stalls** - This is a small enclosure where horses are kept. +This is a small enclosure where horses are kept. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/27.md b/2ch/09/27.md index 68f827588b..ee9c939e3e 100644 --- a/2ch/09/27.md +++ b/2ch/09/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# as much as the stones on the ground -* [[en:tw:cedar]] +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that there was such a great amount of silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# They brought horses for Solomon from Egypt and from all the lands -* ** as much as the stones on the ground** - AT: "so much silver" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **He made cedar wood to be as abundant as the sycamore fig trees that are in the lowlands** - AT: "very abundant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **from all the lands** - AT: "from all-around" or "from all over" +The word "they" may refer to Solomon's merchants. However this sentence is not about what the merchants did, but about where Solomon's horses came from. AT: "Horses were brought to Solomon from Egypt and from all the lands" or "Solomon's horses were from Egypt and all the lands" + +# from all the lands + +The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "from many other places" or "from many other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/29.md b/2ch/09/29.md index 9c58392452..c3d62e4307 100644 --- a/2ch/09/29.md +++ b/2ch/09/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# first and last -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +The phrase "first and last" represents the whole time of Solomon's reign. AT: "from the beginning to the end of his reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# are they not written ... (which also had information about Jeroboam son of Nebat)? -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **first and last** - AT: "everything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **are they not written** - AT: "they are written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the history of Nathan the prophet, in the prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the visions of Iddo the seer concerning Jeroboam (the son of Nebat)** - These writings no longer exist. -* **He slept with his ancestors** - AT: "He died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The author uses the question to remind the readers that other people had written about Solomon. It can be expressed in active form AT: "they are written ... (which also had information about Jeroboam son of Nebat.)" or "people have written about them ... (which also had information about Jeroboam son of Nebat)." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The History of Nathan the Prophet ... The Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite ... The Visions of Iddo the Seer + +These are the names of some writings that existed when 2 Chronicles was written, but they do not exist now. + +# Ahijah the Shilonite + +This is a prophet from Shiloh who predicted that the nation of Israel would be divided into two kingdoms. + +# Shilonite + +This is the name of a people group from the town of Shiloh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He slept with his ancestors + +This was a polite way to tell about him dying. AT: "He died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/intro.md b/2ch/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf9e985978 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon ends. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Solomon's fame ##### +Solomon was famous outside of Israel because of his wisdom and tremendous wealth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/01.md b/2ch/10/01.md index 1589c2f970..0a6ac3ce56 100644 --- a/2ch/10/01.md +++ b/2ch/10/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel was coming -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:shechem|Shechem]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] +Here "Israel" is a metonym for the men of Israel. The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "the men of Israel were coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# Jeroboam ... Nebat -* **all Israel** - "all the people of the nation of Israel". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the son of Nebat** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [2 Chronicles 9:29](../09/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/03.md b/2ch/10/03.md index 2aeaa33d1c..831a777e70 100644 --- a/2ch/10/03.md +++ b/2ch/10/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# they sent and called him -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] -* [[en:tw:yoke|yoke]] +"the men of Israel sent for Jeroboam" -## translationNotes +# Jeroboam and all Israel came -* There are no notes for this passage. +"Jeroboam and all Israel came to Rehoboam" + +# all Israel came + +Here "Israel" is a metonym for the men of Israel. The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "the men of Israel came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# made our yoke difficult + +A difficult yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. AT: "treated us cruelly" or "forced us to work very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make your father's hard work easier, and lighten the heavy yoke that he put on us + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The yoke metaphor emphasizes the fact that Solomon had treated them harshly. AT: "make the hard work that your father gave us easier, and do not treat us as harshly as he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# after three days + +"after 3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/06.md b/2ch/10/06.md index b9fd72bc80..690fbf13e1 100644 --- a/2ch/10/06.md +++ b/2ch/10/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the old men who had stood before Solomon -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +To "stand before" is an idiom for serving the king in his presence. AT: "the old men who counseled Solomon" or "the old men who attended to Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# to bring an answer to these people -* There are no notes for this passage. +"to answer these people" or "to reply to these people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/08.md b/2ch/10/08.md index f73cdce097..a34c1d59b8 100644 --- a/2ch/10/08.md +++ b/2ch/10/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Rehoboam ignored the advice -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"Rehoboam did not follow the advice" -## translationNotes +# who had grown up with him, who stood before him -* **Rehoboam ignored the advice** - AT: "Rehoboam did not follow the advice" -* **young men** - The "young men" refers to their lack of wisdom and experience in comparison to the old men who had advised Solomon. -* **who had grown up with him, who stood before him** - who were his long-time friends, advised him" +"who were his long-time friends, and who advised him" + +# Lighten the yoke that your father put on us + +To "lighten the yoke" is a metaphor that represents easing the burden. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 10:4](./03.md). AT: "Do not treat us as cruelly as your father did" or "Do not force us to work as hard as your father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/10.md b/2ch/10/10.md index 3ccf2cdf70..b15233323a 100644 --- a/2ch/10/10.md +++ b/2ch/10/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# made their yoke heavy -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] +A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. This metaphor is continued in verses 10 and 11. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 10:04](./03.md). AT: "treated them cruelly" or "forced them to work very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# My little finger is thicker than my father's waist -* **My little finger is thicker than my father's waist** - Rehoboam's point is that he is more harsh and demanding than his father. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **I will punish you with scorpions** - AT: "but I will whip you with whips that have pieces of metal in them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This metaphor means that Rehoboam is more cruel and intimidating than his father. AT: "I rule much more harshly than my father ever did" or "I am much harsher than my father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will add to your yoke + +"I will make your yoke heavier." A yoke is a metaphor for labor. AT: "I will force you to work harder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will punish you with scorpions + +Possible meanings are that 1) "scorpions" is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. AT: "I will punish you much more harshly" or 2) "scorpions" is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. AT: "I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/12.md b/2ch/10/12.md index ddff744002..1e0a1f16a1 100644 --- a/2ch/10/12.md +++ b/2ch/10/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# on the third day -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam|Jeroboam]] +"after three days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# made your yoke heavy, but I will add to it -* **all the people** - AT: "all the leaders" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the third day** - [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday]] +A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. AT: "treated you cruelly, but I will be more cruel" or "forced you to work very hard, but I will make you work harder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will punish you with scorpions + +Possible meanings are that 1) "scorpions" is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. AT: "I will punish you much more harshly" or 2) "scorpions" is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 10:11](./10.md). AT: "I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/15.md b/2ch/10/15.md index f449881903..811ca3e64f 100644 --- a/2ch/10/15.md +++ b/2ch/10/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So the king did not listen to the people -* [[en:tw:ahijah]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "listen to the people" represents not care about what they said or about actually doing what they asked. AT: "So the king did not do what the people had asked him to do" or "So the king ignored the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# it was a turn in events brought about by God -* **Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam, the son of Nebat** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is an idiom and can be stated in active form. AT: "God caused things to happen like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that Yahweh might carry out his word ... Nebat + +"that Yahweh might do according to the message that he told Ahijah the Shilonite to tell Jeroboam son of Nebat" or "that Yahweh might do what he had said he would do when he told Ahijah the Shilonite to give a message to Jeroboam son of Nebat" + +# that Yahweh might carry out his word + +The idiom "carry out his word" means to do what he had said he would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his word that Ahijah the Shilonite had spoken to Jeroboam son of Nebat + +This refers to the message that God gave Ahijah to tell Jeroboam. + +# Ahijah the Shilonite ... Jeroboam son of Nebat + +See how you translated these names in [2 Chronicles 9:29](../09/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/16.md b/2ch/10/16.md index 72a80a38ca..5686d3f61f 100644 --- a/2ch/10/16.md +++ b/2ch/10/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:jesse|Jesse]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +Here "Israel" is a metonym for the men of Israel. The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "the men of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# the king did not listen to them -* **What share do we have in David?** - "We do not want anything to do with this descendant of King David!" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "listen to the people" represents not caring about what they said or about actually doing what they asked. AT: "the king did not do what they had asked him to do" or "the king ignored them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What share do we have in David? We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse + +The people use this question and statement to imply that since they do not belong to David's family, they are not obligated to support David's grandson, King Rehoboam. AT: "We have no share in David. We will not have anything to do with the descendants of the son of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What share do we have in David? + +Having a share in someone represents being his descendants and receiving the good things that descendants receive. AT: "We do not belong to the family of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse + +"Son of Jesse" is a metonym for David, a son of Jesse. Having an inheritance in someone represents being his descendants and receiving the good things that descendants receive. AT: "We will not receive any inheritance from the son of Jesse" or "We will have nothing to do with the his descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Each of you should go back to his tent + +"Tent" is a metonym representing people's homes. AT: "Go to your homes, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now see to your own house, David + +Here "see to" is an idiom meaning to take care of something, and "house" is a metonym for David's lineage of power and prestige. AT: "Now take care of your own kingdom, descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/17.md b/2ch/10/17.md index 31a722e8b5..4da2639615 100644 --- a/2ch/10/17.md +++ b/2ch/10/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Adoniram -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:houseofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +Adoniram is the name of a man. In the Hebrew text of this sentence, his name was written as Adoram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# who was over the forced laborers -* ** Adoniram** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **to this day** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:05:09]] +Being over people represents having authority to tell them what to do. AT: "who was in charge of the forced laborers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stoned him to death with stones + +"killed Adoniram by stoning him" + +# against the house of David + +Here "the house of David" represents the kings who were descendants of David. AT: "against the kings descended from David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to this day + +This refers to the general time when the author wrote this book. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). AT: "even now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/intro.md b/2ch/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0b66ded53 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This begins a section on King Rehoboam. (2 Chronicles 10-12) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations through the use of indentation. The ULB indents the lines of 10:14-15. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rehoboam's taxes ##### +The people asked Solomon's son, Rehoboam, to reduce the heavy taxes and the forced labor Solomon had demanded but Rehoboam refused. He lacked the wisdom to follow the advice of the men who had been councilors of his father Solomon. So the ten northern tribes broke off and made Jeroboam their king. They were called "Israel" and Rehoboam's kingdom was called Judah. This will cause confusion between the the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The people use the metaphor of a yoke to complain about the high taxes and forced labor Solomon demanded from the people. They said, "Your father made our yoke difficult." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/01.md b/2ch/11/01.md index 860eeec3ee..68ef08f701 100644 --- a/2ch/11/01.md +++ b/2ch/11/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Judah and Benjamin -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] +Here "house" is a metonym that represents a tribe or descendants and refers specifically to the soldiers from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "all the soldiers from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# 180,000 chosen men -* **chosen men who soldiers** - AT: "of the best men were soldiers" +"one hundred and eighty thousand chosen men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# chosen men who were soldiers + +"choice men who were soldiers." The phrase "chosen men" is an idiom that refers to elite soldiers who were skilled in battle. AT: "of the best soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/02.md b/2ch/11/02.md index 89afc37e73..478166e449 100644 --- a/2ch/11/02.md +++ b/2ch/11/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came ... saying -* [[en:tw:brother]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "Yahweh spoke this message ... and he said" or "Yahweh spoke these words ... and he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Shemaiah -* **Shemaiah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the man of God + +The expression "man of God" is a respectful way of referring to a prophet of Yahweh. AT: "the man who belongs to God" or "the prophet of God" + +# all Israel in Judah and Benjamin + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the Israelite people who live in the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "all of the Israelites in the tribes of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your brothers + +This is a reference to the ten northern tribes. By calling them "brothers," Yahweh emphasizes the family relationship between all of the tribes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/05.md b/2ch/11/05.md index 03253b448a..51ff9f54df 100644 --- a/2ch/11/05.md +++ b/2ch/11/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Rehoboam lived in Jerusalem and built cities -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem|Bethlehem, Ephrathah]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:hebron|Hebron]] +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Rehoboam build these cities. AT: "Rehoboam lived in Jerusalem and had his workers build cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Etam, Tekoa ... Zorah, Aijalon -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +All of the names in this list refer to cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/11.md b/2ch/11/11.md index 1b542a61ad..0f181dbeb5 100644 --- a/2ch/11/11.md +++ b/2ch/11/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He fortified the fortresses -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +Here the word "fortresses" refers to fortified cities. That Rehoboam "fortified the fortresses" means that he built up and strengthened the defenses of these fortified cities. AT: "He strengthened the defenses of the fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# made them very strong -* **victuals** - AT: "food and drink" -* **Judah and Benjamin belonged to him.** - Rehoboam was in control of the territories of Judah and Benjamin. +"made the cities very strong" + +# Judah and Benjamin belonged to him + +Rehoboam was in control of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/13.md b/2ch/11/13.md index d45558e12b..3f553c5490 100644 --- a/2ch/11/13.md +++ b/2ch/11/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The priests and the Levites ... went over to him from within their borders -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] +Possible meanings are 1) "The priests and Levites ... supported Rehoboam from within their borders" or 2) "The priests and Levites ... traveled from within their borders to join Rehoboam." -## translationNotes +# pasturelands -* **The priests and Levites who were in all Israel went over to him** - AT: "The priests and Levites fled Israel, the northern kingdom to go to Judah. -* ** pasturelands** - Lands used for animals. +lands used for animals + +# Jeroboam and his sons had driven them away + +To "drive away" is an idiom that means to forcefully cause someone to leave. AT: "Jeroboam and his sons had forced them to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the goat and calf idols he had made + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Jeroboam make these idols. AT: "the goat idols and calf idols that he had his craftsmen make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/16.md b/2ch/11/16.md index 031da6c3d5..e05c3906b1 100644 --- a/2ch/11/16.md +++ b/2ch/11/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# People ... came after them -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +"People ... followed the Levites" or "People ... came to Jerusalem after the Levites" -## translationNotes +# those who set their hearts to seek Yahweh -* **People from all the tribes of Israel came after them** - The people from the tribes belonging to the northern kingdom who still worshipped the Lord God fled to Judah. -* **set their hearts to seek Yahweh** - AT: "who desire to worship Yahweh" -* **for they walked in the path of David and Solomon** - AT: "for they followed the example of David and Solomon" +Here the word "hearts" represents the thoughts and desires. The idiom "set their hearts" means to determine to do something. AT: "those who had determined to seek Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to seek Yahweh + +Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking Yahweh. AT: "to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# made Rehoboam son of Solomon strong + +The people supporting Rehoboam as king is spoken of as if they made Rehoboam strong. AT: "supported Rehoboam son of Solomon as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they walked for three years in the way of David and Solomon + +Here a person's actions and lifestyle are spoken of as if the person were walking along a path. AT: "they followed the example of David and Solomon for three years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/18.md b/2ch/11/18.md index 0cef21eeb2..5546ca73b2 100644 --- a/2ch/11/18.md +++ b/2ch/11/18.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Mahalath ... Abihail +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jerimoth ... Eliab ... Jeush, Shemariah, and Zaham -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/20.md b/2ch/11/20.md index 679a847080..7ff4141973 100644 --- a/2ch/11/20.md +++ b/2ch/11/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Mahalath ... Maacah -* [[en:tw:love]] +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Rehoboam took Maacah -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +This idiom means that he married her. AT: "Rehoboam married Maacah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Abijah, Attai, Ziza, and Shelomith + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# eighteen wives and sixty concubines ... twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters + +"18 wives and 60 concubines ... 28 sons and 60 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/22.md b/2ch/11/22.md index 1ab7322365..e208f8ac89 100644 --- a/2ch/11/22.md +++ b/2ch/11/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he had the thought of making him king -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +"he had thought of making Abijah king" -## translationNotes +# he scattered all his sons throughout all the land of Judah and Benjamin to every fortified city -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +"he sent all his sons throughout all the land to every fortified city of Judah and Benjamin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/intro.md b/2ch/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b0bebe618 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The section on King Rehoboam continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Strengthening their defenses ##### +Rehoboam strengthened the defenses of Judah. Without the help of the northern tribes, the kingdom of Judah did not really have much power to defend itself from outside attacks. Therefore, Rehoboam felt it necessary to strengthen Judah's military defenses. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +When the author speaks about Israel, he is now referring almost exclusively to the northern kingdom of Israel and not the united nation of Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/01.md b/2ch/12/01.md index 5070746789..ba6ece265b 100644 --- a/2ch/12/01.md +++ b/2ch/12/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law, Law of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam|Rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# when Rehoboam's reign was established -* **It came about, when** - "It came about" marks a point of special significance in the story. At: "At the very time when" -* **and all Israel with him** - AT: "and both Israel and Judah followed him in his sin." Israel also includes Judah here. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] ) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "when Rehoboam had established his reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all Israel with him + +Here the words "all Israel" refer specifically to the people of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, over which Rehoboam was king. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "all the Israelite people whom he ruled also abandoned the law of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/02.md b/2ch/12/02.md index 74042696ff..d60dd3c34d 100644 --- a/2ch/12/02.md +++ b/2ch/12/02.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia|Ethiopia, Ethiopian]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen|horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# in the fifth year of King Rehoboam -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **came up against** - AT: "came to attack" -* **Soldiers without number** - AT: "Many soldiers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This refers to the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign as king. AT: "in the 5th year that Rehoboam was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Shishak, king of Egypt, came up against Jerusalem + +"Shishak, king of Egypt" is a metonym for Shishak along with the Egyptian army. AT: "Shishak, king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Shishak + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# came up against + +This is an idiom that means marched against or attacked. AT: "came to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# twelve hundred chariots and sixty thousand horsemen + +"1,200 chariots and 60,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Soldiers without number + +This exaggeration means that there were more soldiers than a person could easily count. AT: "Many soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Libyans, Sukkites, and Cushites + +These are people from Libya, Sukki, and Ethiopia. The location of Sukki is uncertain, but it may be a region in Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/05.md b/2ch/12/05.md index 3c6c1ee5c0..1aef7869f7 100644 --- a/2ch/12/05.md +++ b/2ch/12/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Shemaiah -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this word in [2 Chronicles 11:2](../11/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# so I have also given you over into Shishak's hand -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **so I have also given you over into Shishak's hand** - AT: "so I have given you to Shishak as captives" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] ) -* * +Here the word "hand" represents power. Yahweh speaks of enabling Shishak's army to defeat the king and the others in Jerusalem as if he were placing them into Shishak's hand. AT: "so I have enabled Shishak to defeat you" or "so I have given you to Shishak as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/07.md b/2ch/12/07.md index 90aa42dbb6..7f33fbfca8 100644 --- a/2ch/12/07.md +++ b/2ch/12/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they had humbled themselves -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"the princes of Israel and the king had humbled themselves" -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came ... saying -* **they had humbled themselves,** - AT: "the king and the other leaders of Israel had humbled themselves," - The king and other leaders are symbolic of all the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will rescue them to some extent** - AT: "I will rescue them from complete destruction" -* **my anger will not pour out on** - AT: "I will not completely express my anger against them" +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "Yahweh spoke this message ... and he said" or "Yahweh spoke these words ... and he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will rescue them to some extent + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will permit Shishak to attack Jerusalem and cause trouble for the people, but he will rescue them from total destruction or 2) the words "to some extent" can be translated as soon, meaning that Yahweh will rescue the people of Jerusalem before Shishak can completely destroy the city. + +# my anger will not pour out on Jerusalem + +Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a liquid, and of expressing his anger as if he were to pour out that liquid. AT: "I will not express my anger against Jerusalem" or "Jerusalem will not suffer the effects of my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by means of Shishak's hand + +Here the word "hand" represents Shishak himself. AT: "by means of Shishak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/09.md b/2ch/12/09.md index 2681eeb250..2fc1149955 100644 --- a/2ch/12/09.md +++ b/2ch/12/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Shishak, king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] +"Shishak, king of Egypt" is a metonym for Shishak along with the Egyptian army. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 12:2](./02.md). AT: "Shishak, king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# came up against -* **entrusted them into the hands of the commanders ** - AT: "gave them to the commanders" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is an idiom that means marched against or attacked. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 12:2](./02.md). AT: "came to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the house of Yahweh + +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the shields of gold that Solomon had made + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon make these shields. AT: "the shields of gold that Solomon had his craftsmen make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# King Rehoboam made shields of bronze + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Rehoboam make these shields. AT: "King Rehoboam had his craftsmen make shields of bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in their place + +"in place of the shields of gold" + +# entrusted them into the hands of the commanders + +Here the word "hands" represents care or responsibility. AT: "made them the responsibility of the commanders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who guarded the doors to the king's house + +Here the word "doors" represents the entrance. AT: "who guarded the entrance to the king's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/11.md b/2ch/12/11.md index 1e28631f78..fbfd6399bc 100644 --- a/2ch/12/11.md +++ b/2ch/12/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened that -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# the guards would carry them -* **"It happened that whenever" - ** - ** marks a time of special significance in the story. Many languages have a way to mark this significant time phrase. -* **Yahweh's anger turned away from him, so as not to destroy him completely; ** - AT: "Yahweh was no longer angry with him and, thus, did not destroy him completely;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **besides,** - "in addition," +"the guards would carry the shields" + +# Yahweh's anger turned away from him, so as not to destroy him completely + +Yahweh no longer being angry with Rehoboam is spoken of as if Yahweh's anger were a person who turned away from Rehoboam. AT: "Yahweh was no longer angry with him and so did not destroy him completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# besides + +"in addition" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/13.md b/2ch/12/13.md index dee36a3bcd..f949b3e120 100644 --- a/2ch/12/13.md +++ b/2ch/12/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# forty-one years old ... seventeen years -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +"41 years old ... 17 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# so that he might put his name there -* **so that he might put his name there.** - AT: "so that he would always be honored there." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he did not fix his heart to seek Yahweh** - AT: "he did not have the desire and strength to obey God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Possible meanings for the phrase "put his name" are 1) a metonym for "dwell." AT: "so that he might dwell there" or 2) an idiom that refers to ownership. AT: "so that it might belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Naamah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he did not fix his heart to seek Yahweh + +Here the word "heart" represents the thoughts and desires. The idiom "fix his heart" means to determine to do something. AT: "he was not committed to seeking Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to seek Yahweh + +Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking Yahweh. AT: "to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/15.md b/2ch/12/15.md index 4c9e4d8414..4f155fa888 100644 --- a/2ch/12/15.md +++ b/2ch/12/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# first and last -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam|Jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam|Rehoboam]] +"from beginning to end." These two words form a merism and refer to everything that Rehoboam did from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign. AT: "everything that he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# are they not written ... Jeroboam? -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **first and last,** - "everything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **are they not written in the writings of Shemaiah** - AT: "they are recorded in the Record of Shemaiah." These writings no longer exist. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Rehoboam slept with his ancestors** - AT: "Rehoboam died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "they are written ... Jeroboam." or "you can read about them ... Jeroboam." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Shemaiah ... Iddo ... Abijah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the constant wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam + +The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. AT: "the wars in which Rehoboam's army and Jeroboam's army constantly engaged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Rehoboam slept with his ancestors + +Rehoboam dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "Rehoboam died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried in the city of David + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him in the city of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Rehoboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/intro.md b/2ch/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5d37fa5e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter ends the section on King Rehoboam. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worshiping Yahweh ##### + +The safety of Israel and Judah was dependent upon the people worshiping Yahweh and not upon their military power. Because Rehoboam deserted the worship of God, God allowed the king of Egypt to take all of the wealth Solomon stored up. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/01.md b/2ch/13/01.md index bcf446f6b0..03b4f0e266 100644 --- a/2ch/13/01.md +++ b/2ch/13/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam -* [[en:tw:abijah]] -* [[en:tw:abijah|Abijah]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam|Jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +This refers to the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign as king. AT: "In the 18th year that Jeroboam was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Macaiah, the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah -* **Maacah, the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Macaiah" is the name of a woman. "Uriel" is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam + +The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. AT: "There was war between the army of Abijah and the army of Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# 400,000 chosen men ... 800,000 chosen men + +"Four hundred thousand chosen men ... eight hundred thousand chosen men." The phrase "chosen men" is an idiom that refers to elite soldiers who were skilled in battle. AT: "400,000 skilled men ... 800,000 skilled men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/04.md b/2ch/13/04.md index 79d92c0a08..d2346b3928 100644 --- a/2ch/13/04.md +++ b/2ch/13/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Mount Zemaraim -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Do you not know ... by a formal covenant? -* **Mount Zemaraim ** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Do you not know that Yahweh, the God of Israel, gave the rule over Israel to David forever, to him and to his sons by a formal covenant?** - AT: "You know that Yahweh made a promise that David and his sons would rule Israel forever. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Abijah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know very well ... by a formal covenant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/06.md b/2ch/13/06.md index 9a9d639878..4ee54c485d 100644 --- a/2ch/13/06.md +++ b/2ch/13/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# base fellows -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rehoboam]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +"wicked men" or "evil men" -## translationNotes +# gathered to him -* **son of Nebat** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **base fellows** - AT: "corrupt, immoral men" -* **gathered to him** - AT: "joined with Jeroboam" +"joined with Jeroboam" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/08.md b/2ch/13/08.md index a616248634..3ecec3f1ce 100644 --- a/2ch/13/08.md +++ b/2ch/13/08.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the kingdom of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is a reference to a united Israel as it existed in the time of David and Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# that is held within the hand of the descendants of David -* **the golden that Jeroboam made as gods ** - This is a reference to idols. -* **Have you not driven out Yahweh’s priests, the descendants of Aaron, and the Levites?** - AT: "​You have driven out Yahweh's priests, the descendants of Aaron and Levi." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Have you not made for yourselves priests like the peoples of the lands do? ​** - AT: "You have chosen the priests you want, like the people of other nations do." -* **Whoever comes to consecrate himself with a young bull and seven rams may become a priest of what are not gods​** - AT: "Anyone who offers a young bull and seven rams may become a priest of these golden calves that are not gods." +Here the word "hand" represents authority and possession. Abijah is claiming that only the descendants of David have the rightful authority to rule Yahweh's kingdom. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the descendants of David hold within their hand" or "which only the descendants of David have the authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the golden calves that Jeroboam made + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that Jeroboam had others make the golden calves. AT: "the golden calves that Jeroboam had his craftsmen make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But did you not drive out ... as the people of other lands do? + +Abijah asks this rhetorical question to rebuke the people and to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "But you drive out ... as the people of other lands do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Whoever comes to serve as a priest + +"Anyone who comes to serve as a priest" + +# a priest of what are not gods + +The phrase "what are not gods" refers to the golden calves that Jeroboam had his craftsmen make. Although the priests served them as if they were gods, they were not really gods. AT: "a priest of idols that are not really gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/10.md b/2ch/13/10.md index 44fc934e39..96f58cd20b 100644 --- a/2ch/13/10.md +++ b/2ch/13/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# as for us -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand|lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The word "us" refers to the people of the southern kingdom of Judah. -## translationNotes +# who are at their work -* **who are at their work** - AT: "who are working" -* **bread of presence** - The “bread of the presence” was a special kind of bread that was made as a symbol of God's presence and of his fellowship with his people. -* **they also tend the lampstand** - AT: "they also take care of the lampstand" +The word "work" can be translated with a verb. AT: "who are working" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the bread of the presence + +The "bread of the presence" refers to twelve loaves of bread that the priests placed on a golden table in the tabernacle or temple building as a sacrifice to God and as a symbol of God's presence. + +# they also tend the lampstand + +"they also take care of the lampstand" + +# for them to burn every evening + +"so that the lamps burn every evening" or "and light the lamps every evening" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/12.md b/2ch/13/12.md index 9c1682b017..313163180a 100644 --- a/2ch/13/12.md +++ b/2ch/13/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# God is with us at our head -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Here the front of the army is spoken of as if it were the head. Abijah is saying that God is the one who is leading the army of Judah in battle. AT: "God is with us as our leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# do not fight against Yahweh -* **do not fight against Yahweh** - AT: "do not rebel against Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Since Yahweh is leading the army of Judah, Abijah speaks of the army of Israel fighting against the army of Judah as if they were fighting against Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/13.md b/2ch/13/13.md index b50a19d13e..492e78e1e2 100644 --- a/2ch/13/13.md +++ b/2ch/13/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# an ambush behind them -* [[en:tw:abijah]] -* [[en:tw:abijah|Abijah]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam|Jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +"a surprise attack behind the army of Judah" -## translationNotes +# the ambush was behind them -* **ambush behind them​** - AT: "a surprise attack behind the army of Judah" -* **the ambush was behind them** - AT: "the surprise attack was behind the army of Judah" -* **​cried out to Yahweh** - AT: "called out loudly to Yahweh" -* **it came about that God struck** - AT: "God struck" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"the soldiers who were to attack them by surprise were behind them" + +# When Judah looked back + +Here "Judah" represents the soldiers in the army of Judah. AT: "When the soldiers of Judah looked back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that the soldiers were surprised by what they saw. + +# the fighting was both in front of them and behind them + +The word "fighting" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the army of Israel was fighting them from the front and from the back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# God struck Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah + +God enabling the army of Judah to defeat Jeroboam and the army of Israel is spoken of as if God struck Jeroboam and Israel. AT: "God enabled Abijah and the army of Judah to defeat Jeroboam and all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the army. AT: "the entire army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/16.md b/2ch/13/16.md index 27e6a6c2e4..b766a38e1b 100644 --- a/2ch/13/16.md +++ b/2ch/13/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# fled before Judah -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] +Here the word "Judah" represents the army of Judah. AT: "fled before the army of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# God gave them into the hand of Judah -* There are no notes for this passage. +Here the word "hand" represents power. God enabling the army of Judah to defeat the army of Israel is spoken of as if God had put the army of Israel in the hand of the army of Judah. AT: "God enabled Judah to defeat the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# killed them with great slaughter + +This idiom means that they thoroughly defeated them, or that they killed very many of the soldiers. AT: "thoroughly defeated them" or "slaughtered many of their soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# 500,000 chosen men + +"five hundred thousand chosen men." The phrase "chosen men" is an idiom that refers to elite soldiers who were skilled in battle. AT: "500,000 of the best soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the people of Israel were subdued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the army of Judah subdued the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/19.md b/2ch/13/19.md index 31edf28551..c5a45f6996 100644 --- a/2ch/13/19.md +++ b/2ch/13/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# pursued -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethel|Bethel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] +"chased after" -## translationNotes +# Jeshanah ... Ephron -* **pursued** - AT: "chased after" -* **Jeshanah with its villages, and Ephron with its villages -** - ** Jeshanah and Ephron were villages that belonged to the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh struck him, and he died + +Yahweh causing Jeroboam to die is spoken of as if Yahweh struck Jeroboam. It is possible that this refers to Yahweh causing Jeroboam to become ill. AT: "Yahweh caused Jeroboam to die" or "Yahweh caused Jeroboam to become ill, and he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he took fourteen wives for himself + +The idiom "took ... wives" means that he married. AT: "he married fourteen women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# fourteen wives ... twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters + +"14 wives ... 22 sons and 16 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# his behavior, and words + +"his behavior, and his sayings" or "his behavior, and the things that he said" + +# are written in the history of the prophet Iddo + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "are in the history that the prophet Iddo wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/intro.md b/2ch/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99ae7c5c96 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +Trusting in God, King Abijah of Judah was able to overcome the army of Israel even though it was twice as big as his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/01.md b/2ch/14/01.md index 1991260dc4..8934265407 100644 --- a/2ch/14/01.md +++ b/2ch/14/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Abijah slept with his ancestors -* [[en:tw:abijah]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:asa|Asa]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law, Law of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Abijah dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "Abijah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# they buried him -* **Abijah slept with his ancestors- ** - ** AT: "Abijah died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **In his days** - AT: "During his reign" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the land was quiet ten years- ** - ** AT: 'there was peace in the land for ten years" -* **in the eyes of Yahweh his God** - AT: "according to Yahweh" +"people buried him" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Abijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In his days + +"During his reign" + +# the land was quiet ten years + +There being no war is spoken of as if the land were quiet. AT: "there was peace in the land for ten years" or "there was no war in the land for ten years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what was good and right in the eyes of Yahweh his God + +The word "eyes" here represents seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Asa's actions. AT: "what Yahweh judged to be good and right" or "what Yahweh considered to be good and right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He broke down the stone pillars and cut down the Asherah poles + +Since Asa was king, he may have told his officials to do these things. AT: "He had his people break down the stone pillars and cut down the Asherah poles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He commanded Judah to seek Yahweh + +Here the word "Judah" represents the people of Judah. Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if it were seeking him. AT: "He commanded the people of Judah to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/05.md b/2ch/14/05.md index 8439a1d25b..436a30e9b9 100644 --- a/2ch/14/05.md +++ b/2ch/14/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he took away the high places ... He built fortified cities -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] +Since Asa was king, he may have told his officials to do these things. AT: "he had his people take away the high places ... He had his workers build fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# The kingdom had rest under him -* **he took away from all the cities of Judah the shrines and the incense altars** - AT: "Asa had all the shrines and altars that were used for worshipping false gods in Judah destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **the land was quiet, and he had no war** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +There being no war is spoken of as if the kingdom had rest. AT: "The kingdom had peace under him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under him + +"under his reign." A king ruling a kingdom is spoken of as if the king is over the kingdom or the kingdom is under the king. AT: "during his reign" or "while he was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land was quiet + +There being no war is spoken of as if the land were quiet. AT: "there was peace in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/07.md b/2ch/14/07.md index d929dbe1a0..29901d0034 100644 --- a/2ch/14/07.md +++ b/2ch/14/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Asa said to Judah -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:asa|Asa]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +Here "Judah" refers to the people of Judah. AT: "Asa said to the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# peace on every side -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **Asa said to Judah** - AT: "Asa said to the people of Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] ) -* **we have sought Yahweh our God ** - AT: "we have asked Yahweh our God to help us" +"peace all around." This means that Judah was at peace with all of the surrounding nations. + +# So they built + +The ellipsis may be supplied from the context. AT: "So they built the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# 300,000 men ... 280,000 men + +"three hundred thousand men ... two hundred and eighty thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/09.md b/2ch/14/09.md index d30c00f2b3..8265524db6 100644 --- a/2ch/14/09.md +++ b/2ch/14/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Zerah -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia|Ethiopia, Ethiopian]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# one million soldiers and three hundred chariots -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **Mareshah** - This was a city in Judah. -* **do not let man defeat you** - AT: "do not let others to defeat your people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"1,000,000 soldiers and 300 chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Mareshah ... the Valley of Zephathah + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Asa went out to meet him + +Here "Asa" represents both the king and the army that he led into battle. It is implicit that he went out to meet him in battle. AT: "Asa led his army out to meet him in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's authority. AT: "on your behalf" or "by your authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not let man defeat you + +Since the army of Judah is fighting in Yahweh's name, Asa speaks of Zerah defeating Judah as if Zerah were to defeat Yahweh himself. AT: "do not let man defeat your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/12.md b/2ch/14/12.md index 6d9d61acf6..c12dbb20d2 100644 --- a/2ch/14/12.md +++ b/2ch/14/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh struck the Cushites before Asa and Judah -* [[en:tw:gerar]] -* [[en:tw:gerar|Gerar]] +God enabling the army of Judah to defeat the Cushites is spoken of as if God struck the Cushites. AT: "God enabled Asa and the army of Judah to defeat the Cushites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# So many Cushites fell that they could not recover -* **Ethiopians fell** - AT: "Ethiopians died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "So many Cushites died that the army could not recover" or 2) "So many Cushites died that there were none who remained alive." + +# So many Cushites fell + +Here to "fall" is a euphemism for dying in battle. AT: "So many Cushites died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# for they were completely destroyed before Yahweh and his army + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Yahweh's army completely destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/14.md b/2ch/14/14.md index 9f868cfd87..44a749cad0 100644 --- a/2ch/14/14.md +++ b/2ch/14/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# for terror of Yahweh had come on the inhabitants -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:camel|camel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this passage. +The inhabitants of the villages being terrified is spoken of as if terror were an object that came upon them. Possible meanings are 1) "terror of Yahweh" refers to terror from Yahweh. AT: "for Yahweh had caused the inhabitants to be terrified" or 2) "terror of Yahweh" refers to being terrified of Yahweh. AT: "for the inhabitants were terrified of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/intro.md b/2ch/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fb71e2d0fa --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the section about King Asa. (2 Chronicles 14-16) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +Trusting in Yahweh, Asa was able to defeat million men of the army of Nubia. Trust in Yahweh is more important than military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/01.md b/2ch/15/01.md index 9e719305ce..ae6ad9a4ee 100644 --- a/2ch/15/01.md +++ b/2ch/15/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The Spirit of God came on Azariah -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:asa|Asa]] -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:azariah|Azariah]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is an idiom which means that the spirit of God influenced Azariah and enabled him to prophesy. AT: "The Spirit of God gave Azariah the ability to prophesy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Oded -* **The spirit of God came on Azariah** - AT: "The spirit of God gave Azariah the ability to prophesy" -* **Obed** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he will be found by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will find him" or "he will permit you to find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/03.md b/2ch/15/03.md index 802bde2a69..41d8a0ee0c 100644 --- a/2ch/15/03.md +++ b/2ch/15/03.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel was without the true God -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law, Law of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. This refers to a time when the people of Israel did not worship the true God. AT: "The people of Israel did not worship the true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# without a teaching priest -* **Israel was without the true God- ** - ** Israel had stopped obeying God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] ) -* **without a teaching priest** - AT: "without a priest able to teach them" -* **he was found by them** - AT: "God responded to the Isrealites' search for Him." +"without a priest who taught them" + +# he was found by them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they found him" or "he permitted them to find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for him who traveled away, nor for him who traveled to here + +This phrase is an idiom that refers to a person who travels anywhere away from home. AT: "for the person who traveled anywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# great troubles were on all the inhabitants of the lands + +The people experiencing great troubles is spoken of as if those troubles were objects that were on the people. AT: "all the inhabitants of the lands experienced great troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/06.md b/2ch/15/06.md index 8087539927..b312b4900f 100644 --- a/2ch/15/06.md +++ b/2ch/15/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They were broken in pieces, nation against nation, and city against city -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The word "they" refers to the words "nation" and "city." Conquering one another is spoken of as if they were breaking each other into pieces. AT: "Nations and cities destroyed each other, nations fighting nations, cities fighting cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They were broken in pieces, nation against nation, and city against city -* **They were broken in pieces, nation against nation, and city against city, ** - AT: "They were defeated by other nations and cities" +Here "nation" and "city" are metonyms for the people who live there. You may also supply a connecting word to clarify the relationship between these two phrases. AT: "Nations and cities destroyed each other, as the people of one nation fought against the people of another nation, and the people of one city fought against the people of another city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# do not let your hands be weak + +Here the word "hands" represents the people who work. AT: "do not become weak as you work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for your work will be rewarded + +This can be stated in active form. Yahweh is the implied subject. AT: "for Yahweh will reward your work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/08.md b/2ch/15/08.md index 4265d82b0f..f0a644823c 100644 --- a/2ch/15/08.md +++ b/2ch/15/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When Asa heard these words, the prophecy of Oded the prophet -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:simeon|Simeon]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"When Asa heard the words that Oded the prophet spoke" or "When Asa heard the prophecy of Oded the prophet." The phrase "the prophecy of Oded the prophet" defines "these words." -## translationNotes +# the prophecy of Oded the prophet -* **drove away the disgusting things** - AT: "removed the idols" -* **Yahweh his God was with him** - AT: "Yahweh was helping him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Many versions, including the UDB, make this passage read, "the prophecy of Azariah, the son of Oded the prophet." They do this in order to make the sense agree with [2 Chronicles 15:1](./01.md). Translators will probably want to do the same in their versions. + +# drove away the disgusting things + +The words "the disgusting things" refers to idols. Having his people remove or destroy the idols is spoken of as if it were driving them away. AT: "got rid of the disgusting idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He gathered all Judah and Benjamin + +Here the word "all" is a generalization. The phrase means that David assembled people from all over Judah and Benjamin. AT: "He gathered together people from all over Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# For they came from Israel + +"For people from of Ephraim, Manasseh, and Simeon came from Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/10.md b/2ch/15/10.md index c773abfb0a..99516031fd 100644 --- a/2ch/15/10.md +++ b/2ch/15/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So they gathered together -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] +"They" here refers to the tribes of Judah and Israel that were with Asa. -## translationNotes +# the third month -* **So they gathered together ** - "They" here refers to the tribes of Judah and Israel that were with Asa. -* **the third month** - [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]] +This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of May and the first part of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# third ... fifteenth + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# some of the plunder that they had brought + +This refers to the plunder that they had taken from the villages around Gerar in [2 Chronicles 14:14](../14/14.md). + +# seven hundred ... seven thousand + +"700 ... 7,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/12.md b/2ch/15/12.md index 1c23745dbc..554c6e841a 100644 --- a/2ch/15/12.md +++ b/2ch/15/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# with all their heart and with all their soul -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person's entire being. AT: "with all their beings" or "wholeheartedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# be put to death -* **with all their heart and with all their soul ** - AT: "honestly and completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **be put to death ** - AT: "be killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "should die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whether the person was small or great + +Possible meanings are 1) a person's importance within the community is spoken of as if the person were small or great. AT: "whether the person was important or not" or 2) a young person is spoken of as if he were small and an old person is spoken of as if he were great. AT: "whether the person was young or old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/14.md b/2ch/15/14.md index cb0a714486..54f4c5021e 100644 --- a/2ch/15/14.md +++ b/2ch/15/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# All Judah rejoiced -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] +Here the word "all" is a generalization. The phrase means that people from all over Judah rejoiced. AT: "People all over Judah rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# with all their heart -* **he was found by them ** - See how you translated this in II Chronicles 15:4 -* **All Judah rejoiced** - AT: "Many of the people who lived in Judah rejoiced" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The idiom "with all their heart" means "with complete devotion." AT: "with complete devotion" or "wholeheartedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he was found by them + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:4](./03.md). AT: "they found him" or "he permitted them to find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/16.md b/2ch/15/16.md index 4371316297..406883489a 100644 --- a/2ch/15/16.md +++ b/2ch/15/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a disgusting figure -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] +This phrase refers to an idol. -## translationNotes +# Asa cut down the disgusting figure, ground it ... and burned it -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **a disgusting figure** - AT: "an idol" -* **Asa’s heart was completely devoted all his days ** - AT: "Asa obeyed and followed Yaweh his whole life" +Since Asa was king, he may have told his officials to cut down the figure. AT: "Asa made his workers cut down the disgusting figure, grind it ... and burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But the high places were not taken out of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But Asa did not command the people to take the high places out of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Asa's heart was completely devoted + +The heart represents the person. AT: "Asa was completely devoted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all his days + +This refers to the whole period of time that Asa lived. AT: "the whole time that he lived" or "throughout his whole life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/18.md b/2ch/15/18.md index a664eff6ee..3a16577716 100644 --- a/2ch/15/18.md +++ b/2ch/15/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of God -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:asa|Asa]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the thirty-fifth year -* There are no notes for this passage. +"the 35th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/intro.md b/2ch/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a7ca0c77a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The section about King Asa continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Promise ##### +The people promise to serve the Lord. This is something they will ultimately fail to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +The phrase "seek Yahweh" means "wanting to believe and obey Yahweh." This is a common way to describe proper worship of Yahweh. It is possible the meaning of this idiom is about a desire to properly worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/01.md b/2ch/16/01.md index c7868acf0e..b044c82258 100644 --- a/2ch/16/01.md +++ b/2ch/16/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the thirty-sixth year -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:asa|Asa]] -* [[en:tw:baasha]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah|Ramah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +"the 36th year" or "year 36" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# built up Ramah -* **built up Ramah ** - Here "built up" means to build walls around a city so that the city can be defended from attackers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +It is implied that the army of Baasha first captured Ramah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "captured and fortified Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that he might not allow anyone to + +"so that no one could" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/02.md b/2ch/16/02.md index bb02bb595c..e0ac1331cd 100644 --- a/2ch/16/02.md +++ b/2ch/16/02.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Asa brought the silver ... of the king's house, and sent it -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:damascus|Damascus]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:storehouse]] -* [[en:tw:storehouse|storehouse]] +Asa would have had his workers gather the gold and silver for him. AT: "Then Asa told his workers to take the silver ... of the king's house, and to take it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Ben Hadad -* **Benhadad** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **leave me alone** - AT: "not attack me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] ) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He said + +This means he spoke by means of his servants. Asa told his servants what to say to Ben Hadad and they did. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Asa told his servants to say to Ben Hadad" or "Through his servants, Asa said to Ben Hadad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let there be a covenant between me and you ... between my father and your father + +A covenant being between two people represents those two people having a covenant with each other. AT: "Let us have a covenant with each other ... with my father and your father" or "Let us make a peace treaty ... with my father and your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Look + +This adds emphasis to what follows and validates what was just said. AT: "As proof that I want a treaty with you" + +# Break your covenant with Baasha, king of Israel + +Breaking a covenant represents canceling it and not doing what one has promised to do. AT: "Cancel your covenant with Baasha king of Israel" or "Do not be loyal to Baasha king of Israel as you promised in your covenant with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Break your covenant with Baasha, king of Israel + +Asa wanted Ben Hadad to attack Israel. Ben Hadad could only do that if he broke his covenant with the king of Israel. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Break your covenant with Baasha, king of Israel, and attack Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# leave me alone + +This is an idiom. Here Asa speaks of himself to represent himself along with his army. AT: "not attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/04.md b/2ch/16/04.md index 6122a0ba3f..b046d74a56 100644 --- a/2ch/16/04.md +++ b/2ch/16/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# sent the commanders of his armies against the cities -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:commander|commander]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dan|Dan]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah|Mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali|Naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here Asa's armies are represented by their commanders. AT: "sent his armies to attack the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Ijon, Dan, Abel Maim -* **sent the commanders of his armies against the cities ** - AT: "sent his armies to attack the cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Ijon, Dan, Abelmaim…storage cities of Naphtali ** - These are cities in Israel. -* **let his work cease** - AT: "he commanded his troops to stop fortifying Ramah and doing other work there. " (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **timbers ** - Timbers are large pieces of wood used to build houses or walls. +These are the names of cities in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# he stopped building up Ramah, and let his work cease + +Here Asa represents himself and his army. "his work" refers to other work that his workers were doing in Ramah. AT: "he commanded his army to stop fortifying Ramah and doing other work there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# took all Judah + +This refers to all the men who live in Judah. AT: "took all the men of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# timbers + +Timbers are large pieces of wood used to build houses or walls. + +# Baasha had been + +Here "Baasha" refers to his workers. AT: "Baasha's workers had been" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# building up ... to build up + +"fortifying ... to fortify" + +# Then King Asa used + +Here "King Asa" represents his workers. AT: "Then King Asa had his workers use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Geba + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/07.md b/2ch/16/07.md index 2e5c3b75ea..8a00fc5833 100644 --- a/2ch/16/07.md +++ b/2ch/16/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Hanani -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia|Ethiopia, Ethiopian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen|horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# out of your hand -* ** Hanani** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Were not the Ethiopians and the Libyans huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen? ** - AT: "The Ethiopians and the Libyans were a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the king's "hand" refers to his control. This means that his army was unable to conquer the king of Aram's army. AT: "from you" or "from your control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Were not the Cushites and the Libyans a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen? + +Hanani uses this rhetorical question to remind Asa of a previous victory. This can be written as a statement. AT: "The Cushites and the Libyans were a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Libyans + +These are people from Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he gave you victory + +This means that king Asa's army was able to defeat the opposing army. AT: "he gave your army victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/09.md b/2ch/16/09.md index 15103a227c..54bf492cf1 100644 --- a/2ch/16/09.md +++ b/2ch/16/09.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the eyes of Yahweh run everywhere throughout the whole earth -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:perfect|perfect]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] +This speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens everywhere as if his eyes were a person that ran all over the earth. AT: "Yahweh sees what is happening all over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# so that he might show himself strong on behalf of -* **the eyes of Yahweh everywhere** - AT: "Yahweh sees what is happening all over the earth," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **so that he might show himself strong on behalf of ** - AT: "and Yahweh protects with his strength" -* **those whose hearts are perfect toward him** - AT: "those who are completely committed to following him" +This means that Yahweh shows people that he is strong by protecting his people. AT: "and Yahweh protects with his strength" or "so that he may show his strength by protecting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those whose hearts are perfect toward him + +This speaks of a people's will and desires as their "hearts." To be "perfect toward" something means to be completely devoted to that person or thing. AT: "those who are completely committed to following him" or "those who are completely devoted to following him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/11.md b/2ch/16/11.md index 82972ba13f..a6be19c2b3 100644 --- a/2ch/16/11.md +++ b/2ch/16/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# from first to last -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is an idiom. AT: "from the first thing that he did to the last thing that he did" or "everything he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the book of the kings of Judah and Israel -* **from first to last** - AT: "everything he did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel** - This is a book that no longer exists. -* **Asa was diseased in his feet ** - AT: "Asa had a disease in his feet" +This is a book that no longer exists. + +# the thirty-ninth year + +"the 39th year" or "year 39" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Asa was afflicted with a disease in his feet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Asa had a disease in his feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/13.md b/2ch/16/13.md index a7aa77488a..1570811f1f 100644 --- a/2ch/16/13.md +++ b/2ch/16/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Asa slept with his ancestors, dying in -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] +The phrase "slept with his ancestors" is a euphemism for dying. AT: "Asa died during" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# the forty-first year -* **Asa slept with his ancestors** - AT: "Asa died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **sepulchre** - A sepulchre is a place of burial. -* **bier** - A bier is a table on which a dead body is placed at a funeral. -* **sweet odors and various kinds of spices prepared by skilled perfumers ** - Putting plants that smell good with the dead body was one of the burial customs of the people of Israel. AT: "sweet smelling plants prepared by people skilled in this custom" +"the 41st year" or "year 41" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# which he had dug out for himself + +Asa would have had his workers prepare his tomb for him. AT: "which his workers had dug out for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bier + +A bier is a table on which a dead body is placed at a funeral. + +# sweet odors and various kinds of spices prepared by skilled perfumers + +Putting plants that smell good with the dead body was one of the burial customs of the people of Israel. AT: "sweet smelling plants prepared by people skilled in this custom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# prepared by skilled perfumers + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that skilled perfumers had prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/intro.md b/2ch/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..044073d9a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The section about King Asa is completed in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Asa did not trust Yahweh ##### +When Baasha was building Ramah to blockade him, Asa asked the king of Aram to help him instead of trusting God to help him. This was sinful because he disobeyed Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/01.md b/2ch/17/01.md index 77e2d0c260..77a3cfd0e1 100644 --- a/2ch/17/01.md +++ b/2ch/17/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in his place -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:asa|Asa]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat|Jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] +"after his father" -## translationNotes +# strengthened himself against Israel -* **strengthened himself against Israel** - AT: "prepared the army to be able to battle Israel" -* **garrisons** - These are military encampments for protection. +Jehoshaphat prepared the army for battle. AT: "prepared the army to be able to battle Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He placed forces + +"He places soldiers" + +# garrisons + +"military encampments." These are set up for the people's protection. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/03.md b/2ch/17/03.md index bfd3445c92..8038616d29 100644 --- a/2ch/17/03.md +++ b/2ch/17/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh was with Jehoshaphat -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "was with" is an idiom. AT: "God supported him" or "God helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# walked in the first ways of his father -* **in the first ways of his father** - AT: "in the righteous ways of his ancestor David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the way a person lives and conducts himself is spoken of as if it were walking. For most of David's life he lived righteously and followed Yahweh closely. AT: "lived in the first ways of his father David" or "lived righteously as has father David had done in his earlier years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# did not seek the Baals + +This means that he did not worship the Baal idols in order to seek help from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# walked in + +The word "walked" is used here as an idiom. AT: "followed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# not after the behavior of Israel + +"and did not behave in the ways of the people of Israel." This refers to how most of the people of Israel did not follow Yahweh. AT: "and did not follow the evil practices that were common in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/05.md b/2ch/17/05.md index cbc9078a4c..8d134c4b44 100644 --- a/2ch/17/05.md +++ b/2ch/17/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh established the rule in his hand -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +The phrase "his hand" represents Jehoshaphat's control. AT: "Yahweh enabled him to completely control his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# honor in abundance -* **Asherah poles** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] +The word "honor" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "was greatly honored" or "the people greatly honored him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# His heart + +Here the king is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his will and desires. AT: "He" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/07.md b/2ch/17/07.md index b8e7bfcc25..10fcdb891b 100644 --- a/2ch/17/07.md +++ b/2ch/17/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the third year -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +"the 3rd year" or "year 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Ben-Hail, Obadiah, Zechariah, Nethanel, and Micaiah ... Shemaiah, Nethaniah, Zebadiah, Asahel, Shemiramoth, Jehonathan, Adonijah, Tobijah, and Tob-Adonijah ... Elishama and Jehoram -* **in the third year** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) -* **Benhail, Obadiah, Zechariah, Nethanel, and Micaiah, to teach in the cities of Judah. With them were Levites: Shemaiah, Nethaniah, Zebadiah, Asahel, Shemiramoth, Jehonathan, Adonijah, Tobijah, and Tobadonijah; and with them were the priests Elishama and Jehoram.** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/10.md b/2ch/17/10.md index ea0b75a19e..411d7024d2 100644 --- a/2ch/17/10.md +++ b/2ch/17/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Terror of Yahweh fell on all the kingdoms of the lands -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gift|presents]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] +The word "terror" can be expressed with the adjective "afraid." Also, this speaks of the people becoming afraid as if the terror were something that fell upon them. AT: "The people in all the kingdoms surrounding Judah became very afraid of what Yahweh might do to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# against Jehoshaphat -* **Terror of Yahweh fell on all the monarchies of the land** - AT: "The people in all the kingdoms surrounding Judah became very afraid of what Yahweh might do to punish them " +Here Jehoshaphat represents his army. AT: "against Jehoshaphat's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# 7,700 rams, and 7,700 goats + +The number can also be written as seven thousand seven hundred. This is a description of the flocks that the Arabians brought Jehoshaphat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/12.md b/2ch/17/12.md index 746e508055..7d9ef5ae79 100644 --- a/2ch/17/12.md +++ b/2ch/17/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He built fortresses and store cities -* [[en:tw:power]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this passage. +Jehoshaphat did not build these things himself, rather he commanded his workers to build them. AT: "His workers built fortresses and store cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/14.md b/2ch/17/14.md index 6c2a38fcf7..b81f86ab3d 100644 --- a/2ch/17/14.md +++ b/2ch/17/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# These were their divisions listed by the name of their fathers' houses -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The divisions by the the name of their fathers' houses were as follows:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the commanders of thousands -* **Adnah...Jehohanan...Amasiah, the son of Zichri** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **300,000...280,000...200,000** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The phrase "commander of thousands" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "thousands" represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "thousands" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a large military division. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Adnah ... Jehohanan ... Amasiah son of Zichri + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 300,000 ... 280,000 ... 200,000 + +"three hundred thousand ... two hundred and eighty thousand ... two hundred thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/17.md b/2ch/17/17.md index 2d550f0049..c8b2d0ece4 100644 --- a/2ch/17/17.md +++ b/2ch/17/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliada ... Jehozabad +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# 200,000 ... 180,000 -* **besides those** - AT: "in addition to" +"two hundred thousand ... one hundred and eighty thousand." Both of these numbers refer to men. AT: "200,000 men ... 180,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# besides those + +"in addition to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/intro.md b/2ch/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0fc2586ea --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of King Jehoshaphat. + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 17:14-18 because they are long lists. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust in Yahweh ##### +Jehoshaphat trusted and obeyed God. Because of this, God made him strong. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/01.md b/2ch/18/01.md index 4cd18e0c4d..eedd146bf0 100644 --- a/2ch/18/01.md +++ b/2ch/18/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Jehoshaphat had great riches and honor; he allied himself with Ahab -* [[en:tw:ox]] +The word "now" is used here to mark background information. This happened before Ahab went down to Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# he allied himself with Ahab -* **he allied himself with Ahab** - AT: "he aligned himself with Ahab" or "he made himself a friend of Ahab" -* **I am like you and my people are like your people** - Jehoshaphat is stating his allegiance to Ahab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"he aligned himself with Ahab" or "he made himself a friend of Ahab" + +# Ahab killed many sheep and oxen for him and the people + +This means that he had these animals slaughtered to prepare a feast for the people. Also, Ahab himself would not have prepared the animals, but rather would have commanded his workers to do it. AT: "Ahab commanded his workers to slaughter many sheep and oxen for a feast for Jehoshaphat and the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Will you go with me to Ramoth Gilead + +Here Ahab is requesting for Jehoshaphat to join him with his army to make war against Ramoth Gilead. This can be written explicitly. Also, in this question each of the kings represents themselves accompanied by their armies. AT: "Will you and your army go with my army to attack the city of Ramoth in the region of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I am like you, and my people are like your people + +Jehoshaphat is stating his allegiance to Ahab. AT: "I offer myself and my soldiers to you to use in any way you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/04.md b/2ch/18/04.md index ea3409d7ed..44d3af641f 100644 --- a/2ch/18/04.md +++ b/2ch/18/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# king of Israel +This refers to King Ahab. -## translationNotes +# four hundred men -* There are no notes for this passage. +"400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# should I not + +Here about refers to himself accompanied by his army as himself. AT: "should we not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will give it into the hand of the king + +Here the king's "hand" refers to his control. This means that God will enable them to defeat the people at Ramoth Gilead. AT: "will enable your army to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/06.md b/2ch/18/06.md index fdea5c50ae..84aab3484c 100644 --- a/2ch/18/06.md +++ b/2ch/18/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Micaiah son of Imlah - -## translationNotes - -* **Micaiah​, son of Imlah** - He was a prophet of the Lord. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/09.md b/2ch/18/09.md index 5ba4f1127e..b7b8497efa 100644 --- a/2ch/18/09.md +++ b/2ch/18/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Kenaanah -* [[en:tw:clothed]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# horns of iron -* **the son of Kenaanah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **horns of iron** - This is a reference to the horns of a bull but they made of metal. -* **you will push the Arameans until they are consumed ** - AT: "You will defeat them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yahweh has given it into the hand of the king ** - AT: "Yahweh will give you victory" +This is a reference to the horns of a bull but they made of metal. + +# you will push the Arameans until they are consumed + +The prophet's actions are a symbolic metaphor that illustrates the way that Ahab would defeat the Arameans. Ahab's army will win with great strength, as a bull attacks another animal. AT: "With horns like these, your army will keep attacking the army of Aram like a bull attacks another animal, until you completely destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until they are consumed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until you consume them" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# has given it into the hand of the king + +Here the king's "hand" refers to his control. This means that God will enable them to defeat the people at Ramoth Gilead. AT: "has allowed the king to capture it" or "will allow your armies to capture it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/12.md b/2ch/18/12.md index eb0eb78e11..7a4acf868c 100644 --- a/2ch/18/12.md +++ b/2ch/18/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Micaiah +Translate this man's name the same as in [2 Chronicles 17:7](../17/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Now look -* **Micaiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:17:07]] -* **let your word** - This is a reference to the whole of the prophets message. -* **with one mouth- ** - ** - AT: "with one opinion" or "and they all agreed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **As Yahweh lives** - AT: "I assure you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# the words of the prophets declare good things to the king with one mouth + +The prophets all saying the same thing is spoken of as if they all spoke with the same mouth. The phrase "the words of the prophets" represents the message that the prophets declare. AT: "the prophets all declare the same good things to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let your word be like the word of one of them + +Here the word "them" refers to "the words of the prophets." AT: "let what you say agree with what they have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As Yahweh lives + +"as surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# or not + +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "or should we not go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# should we go + +The word "we" refers to Ahab, Jehoshaphat, and their armies but not to Micaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/15.md b/2ch/18/15.md index a185d424e7..8f6c39ddc8 100644 --- a/2ch/18/15.md +++ b/2ch/18/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# How many times must I require ... in the name of Yahweh? +Ahab asks this question out of frustration to rebuke Micaiah. AT: "Many times I have required ... in the name of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# in the name of Yahweh -* **"How many times must I require you to swear to tell me nothing but the truth in the name of Yahweh?"** - AT: "I told you to only speak the truth in the name of Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **like sheep who have no shepherd** - AT: "without good leadership" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here the word "name" refers to authority. AT: "as the representative of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I saw all Israel + +Here "all Israel" refers to the army of Israel. AT: "I saw the entire army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# like sheep who have no shepherd + +The people of the army are compared to sheep that have no one to lead them because their shepherd, the king, has died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# These have no shepherd + +Yahweh speaks of the king as if he were a shepherd. Just like a shepherd is responsible to care for and protect his sheep, the king is responsible to lead and protect his people. AT: "These people no longer have a leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/17.md b/2ch/18/17.md index bdd9f3ecc8..04e6a28ca4 100644 --- a/2ch/18/17.md +++ b/2ch/18/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Did I not tell you ... but only disaster? +Ahab asks this question to emphasize that he had spoken the truth about Micaiah. AT: "I told you ... but only disaster!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# on his right hand and on his left -* **Did I not tell you that he would not prophesy good concerning me, but only disaster?** - AT: "I told you that he would prophesy that disaster would come to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This means that they were standing beside him on his left side and his right side. AT: "by his right side and by his left side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on his left + +This implies his left hand. AT: "on his left hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/19.md b/2ch/18/19.md index 18bf94794f..59647e3494 100644 --- a/2ch/18/19.md +++ b/2ch/18/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# entice +This means to attract someone by offering something appealing. -## translationNotes +# fall at Ramoth Gilead -* **entice** - This means to attract someone by offering something appealing. -* **fall** - AT: "be seriously hurt" or "die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **one individual answered this way, and another answered in that way** - This indicates that there was more than one opinion. +Ahab dying in battle is spoken of as if he will fall. AT: "die at Ramoth Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# One said this and another that + +This indicates that there was more than one opinion. The words "One ... and another" refer to two or more angels in the heavenly host who were responding to Yahweh's question in the previous verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/20.md b/2ch/18/20.md index 952160e439..05d9e1f637 100644 --- a/2ch/18/20.md +++ b/2ch/18/20.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# become a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets - -## translationNotes - -* **lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets** - AT: "a spirit who makes the prophets lie" +Here the word "spirit" refers to the attitudes of the prophets and the words "the mouth" represents what they will say. AT: "cause all his prophets to speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/22.md b/2ch/18/22.md index 0a869f7ebb..128b4f9251 100644 --- a/2ch/18/22.md +++ b/2ch/18/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now see +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## translationNotes +# has put a lying spirit in the mouth of these prophets of yours -* **decreed disaster for you** - AT: "determined that terrible things will happen to you" +Here the word "spirit" refers to the attitudes of the prophets and the words "the mouth" represents what they will say. AT: "has caused your prophets to speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/23.md b/2ch/18/23.md index c23e26a740..22c5ffc055 100644 --- a/2ch/18/23.md +++ b/2ch/18/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Kenaanah +Translate this man's name the same as in [2 Chronicles 18:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Which way did the Spirit of Yahweh take to go from me to speak to you? -* **Zedekiah, son of Kenaanah** - This is not the same Zedekiah as referenced above, but a prophet loyal to Ahab (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Which way did the Spirit of Yahweh take to go from me to speak to you?** - AT: The spirit of God did not leave me to speak to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **when you run into some inner room to hide** - AT: "when you run, in fear, to hide" +Zedekiah asks this sarcastic question to insult and rebuke Micaiah. AT: "Do not think that Yahweh's Spirit left me to speak to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Look + +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# you will know that + +"you will know the answer to your question." If Zedekiah's rhetorical question is translated as a statement, this phrase may be translated to supply implicit information. AT: "you will know that the Spirit of Yahweh has spoken to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/25.md b/2ch/18/25.md index 630e995080..b8c786fdef 100644 --- a/2ch/18/25.md +++ b/2ch/18/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# king of Israel +This refers to Ahab. -## translationNotes +# Amon -* **King of Israel** - This is a reference to Ahab. -* **Amon** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **If you return safely, then not spoken by me** - Micaiah knows that the Lord has spoken through him. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# If you return safely + +This describes something that would not happen. Yahweh had already told Micaiah that the king would not return safely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/28.md b/2ch/18/28.md index f31901325b..9615805818 100644 --- a/2ch/18/28.md +++ b/2ch/18/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, went up against -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +Here the kings represent themselves accompanied by their armies. AT: "Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah led their armies up against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# went up against -* **went up against** - AT: "fought against" -* **Ramoth Gilead** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:18:01]] -* **disguise** - This means to change the usual appearance so as not to be identified. -* **Do not attack the unimportant or the important soldiers. Instead, attack only the king** - AT: "only attack the king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"fought against" + +# Ramoth Gilead + +Translate the name of this place as you did in [2 Chronicles 18:2](./01.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# disguise + +This means to change the usual appearance so as not to be identified. + +# Do not attack the unimportant or the important soldiers + +By mentioning both "the unimportant" and "the important soldiers," the king meant all soldiers. AT: "Do not attack any of the soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/31.md b/2ch/18/31.md index cfa8b5016a..c78bb9eb86 100644 --- a/2ch/18/31.md +++ b/2ch/18/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# That is the king of Israel +Jehoshaphat was wrongly identified as the king of Israel because Ahab had insisted that he wear kingly robes. -## translationNotes +# God turned them away from him -* **That is the king of Israel** - Jehoshaphat was wrongly identified as the king of Israel because Ahab had insisted that he wear kingly robes. -* **God turned them away from him** - AT: "God caused them to stop pursuing him." +"God caused them to stop pursuing him" + +# It came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/33.md b/2ch/18/33.md index 6dc61ad8d5..8a0c30e0c8 100644 --- a/2ch/18/33.md +++ b/2ch/18/33.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# drew his bow at random -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] +Possible meanings are 1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or 2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind. -## translationNotes +# between the joints of his armor -* **between the joints of his armor** - This is a place where two pieces of armor meet and is susceptible to arrows and swords. +This is a place where two pieces of armor meet and is susceptible to arrows and swords. + +# the king of Israel was held up in his chariot + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone held the king of Israel up in his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/intro.md b/2ch/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..58aee9de7f --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +The will of God is accomplished, even when people try to avoid it. Ahab tried to disguise himself to hide from the soldiers of Aram but an arrow still hit and killed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/01.md b/2ch/19/01.md index ac2b9a092c..35907f993c 100644 --- a/2ch/19/01.md +++ b/2ch/19/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Hanani, the seer -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"Hanani" is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 16:7](../16/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# went out to meet him -* **the son of Hanani** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **“Should you be helping the wicked? Should you be loving those who hate Yahweh? ** - AT: "You should not help the wicked! You should not love those who hate Yahweh!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Asherah poles** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] -* **fixed your heart** - AT: "firmly decided" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the word "him" refers to Jehoshaphat. + +# Should you be helping the wicked? Should you be loving those who hate Yahweh? + +These questions expect negative answers to make the point that Jehoshaphat should not have helped Ahab. AT: "You should not help the wicked! You should not love those who hate Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people in general. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# anger from Yahweh is on you + +The abstract noun "anger" can be translated using the word "angry." This phrase can be expressed in active form. AT: "Yahweh is angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there is some good to be found in you + +The abstract noun "good" can be translated as an adjective. This phrase can be expressed in active form. AT: "you have done some good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have taken the Asherah poles out of the land + +Since Jehoshaphat was king, he may have told his officials to do these things for him. AT: "you have had your people take the Asherah poles out of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Asherah poles + +See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:3](../14/01.md). + +# fixed your heart + +Here the heart represents the will. Jehoshaphat's will is spoken of as being fixed or immovable, which means having an unchanging intention to seek God. AT: "firmly decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# seek God + +Wanting to do what pleases God is spoken of as if Jehoshaphat were seeking him. AT: "do what pleases God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/04.md b/2ch/19/04.md index 5033ebfc5b..6051a81732 100644 --- a/2ch/19/04.md +++ b/2ch/19/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# from Beersheba to the hill country of Ephraim -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba|Beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] +This is a merism that means the whole land over which Jehoshaphat reigned, from the most southern part to the most northern part, and is intended to include the whole land in between. AT: "of all the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# brought them back to Yahweh -* **brought them back to Yahweh** - AT: "restored their faith in Yahweh" +The author speaks of Jehoshaphat's leading the people back to serving Yahweh as if he were carrying them back to where they were at an earlier time. AT: "convinced them to return to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fathers + +"ancestors" or "forefathers" + +# fortified cities + +cities with walls around them for protection + +# city by city + +"for every city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/06.md b/2ch/19/06.md index c067f57f0f..e9b24ce9eb 100644 --- a/2ch/19/06.md +++ b/2ch/19/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to the judges -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +"Jehoshaphat said to the judges" -## translationNotes +# he is with you -* **Let the fear of God be upon you** - AT: "You should remember to fear God when you judge" +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh was aware of what the judges decided or 2) Yahweh would hold the judges accountable for their decisions or 3) Yahweh would help and guide them in their decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let the fear of Yahweh be upon you + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "you should remember to fear Yahweh when you judge" + +# there is no iniquity with Yahweh our God, nor is there any favoritism or bribe taking + +The abstract nouns "iniquity," "favoritism," and "bribe" can be translated using the verbs "sin," "favor," and "bribe." AT: "Yahweh our God will not sin or favor one person over another in judgment or be bribed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/08.md b/2ch/19/08.md index 0949b14e49..125fdf79af 100644 --- a/2ch/19/08.md +++ b/2ch/19/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# heads of the ancestral houses -* [[en:tw:appoint]] +Here "heads" is a metaphor for the most important part, and "houses" represents families. AT: "leaders of the ancient families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# for carrying out judgment for Yahweh -* **ancestral houses of Israel** - AT: "ancient families of Israel" -* **for the sake of disputes** - AT: "to help resolve arguments" -* **with a perfect heart** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated using the verb "to judge." AT: "for judging the people for Yahweh" or "for judging on Yahweh's behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for the sake of disputes + +"for settling disputes" or "for resolving arguments" + +# You must serve in reverence for Yahweh + +The abstract noun "reverence" can be translated as a verb. AT: "You must serve while fearing Yahweh" or "You must serve while respecting Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# with your whole heart + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "with your whole being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/10.md b/2ch/19/10.md index 14f079c40e..4cd00e8c45 100644 --- a/2ch/19/10.md +++ b/2ch/19/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] +Jehoshaphat continues to instruct some of the Levites and the priests, and some of the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel, who he appointed to be judges. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **anger does not come down on you** - AT: "God's anger does not punish you" +The words "you" and "your" in this verse refers to those persons Jehoshaphat appointed to be judges. + +# Whenever any dispute comes to you from your brothers who live in their cities + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Whenever your brothers who live in their cities bring you a dispute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from your brothers + +Here "brothers" is a general reference to fellow Israelites. + +# bloodshed + +Here the killing of people is spoken of as shedding their blood, where "blood" represents their lives. AT: "the killing of people" or "murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# anger will come toward you and toward your brothers + +The abstract noun "anger" can be expressed as the adjective "angry." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will be angry with you and your brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/11.md b/2ch/19/11.md index 72924633f1..58b4a5df88 100644 --- a/2ch/19/11.md +++ b/2ch/19/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] +Jehoshaphat continues to instruct some of the Levites and the priests, and some of the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel, who he appointed to be judges. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Amariah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zebadiah, the son of Ishmael** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The words "you" and "your" in this verse refers to those persons Jehoshaphat appointed to be judges. + +# See + +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# Amariah ... Zebadiah ... Ishmael + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# is over you + +"is in charge of you" + +# of all the matters of the king + +Here Jehoshaphat speaks of himself in the third person. This can be translated in the first person. AT: "of all my royal matters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/intro.md b/2ch/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cfc39d777d --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Levite judges ##### +Jehoshaphat appointed many Levites to be judges and told them to be very fair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/01.md b/2ch/20/01.md index 709e7d75fb..1f7a41b237 100644 --- a/2ch/20/01.md +++ b/2ch/20/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Meunites -* **Meunites** - This was a Edomite people group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hazazontamar** - This is another name for Engedi. +This was a people group from the region of Meun which was near Edom, east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# came against Jehoshaphat to do battle + +Here "Jehoshaphat" represents himself and his army. AT: "came against Jehoshaphat's army to do battle" or "came to fight against Jehoshaphat and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# See, they are in Hazezon Tamar + +The word "see" is used here as an idiom to add emphasis to what is said next. They could not see the army in Hazezon Tamar from where they were speaking. AT: "They are already in Hazezon Tamar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Hazezon Tamar + +This is the name of a place. It is another name for Engedi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/03.md b/2ch/20/03.md index 75d96e8169..5601a1de35 100644 --- a/2ch/20/03.md +++ b/2ch/20/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# set himself to seek -* [[en:tw:fast]] +This is an idiom. AT: "determined himself to seek" or "devoted himself to seek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# to seek Yahweh -* **set himself** - AT: "determined" +This speaks of seeking Yahweh's advice as if he were looking for Yahweh. AT: "to seek Yahweh's advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He proclaimed a fast + +The word "fast" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "He proclaimed that all the people should fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Judah gathered + +This refers to the people of Judah. AT: "The people of Judah gathered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/05.md b/2ch/20/05.md index 16cca9bd26..ad56f2fe03 100644 --- a/2ch/20/05.md +++ b/2ch/20/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# of Judah and Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +This refers to the people from these places. AT: "of the people from Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# are you not God in heaven? Are you not the ruler over all the kingdoms of the nations? -* **are you not God in heaven? And are you not the ruler over all the monarchies of the nations? ** - AT: "you are indeed God in heaven and the ruler over all the kings of the earth." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **did you not drive out the inhabitants of this land before your people Israel, and give it forever to the descendants of Abraham?** - AT: "It was you who drove out those who lived in this land for the sake of your people Israel and who gave it permanently to the descendants of Abraham." +Jehoshaphat uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that God is in heaven and his authority over all things. This question can be written as statement. AT: "you are indeed God in heaven and the ruler over all the kings of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Power and might are in your hand + +The words "Power" and "might" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's power. The word "hand" refers to possession. AT: "You possess great power" or "You have great power and might" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Our God, did you not drive out the inhabitants of this land ... to the descendants of Abraham? + +Jehoshaphat uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that God drove their enemies from their land and gave it to the Israelites. This question can be written as statement. AT: "It was you who drove out those who lived in this land for the sake of your people Israel and who gave it permanently to the descendants of Abraham." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/08.md b/2ch/20/08.md index bd1955ce7e..513354f2e2 100644 --- a/2ch/20/08.md +++ b/2ch/20/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for your name -* [[en:tw:name]] +Here Yahweh is represented by his "name." AT: "for you" or "to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the sword -* **sword of judgment, disease, or famine** - AT: "judgement by the sword, disease or famine" -* **your name is in this house** - AT: "your presence is here in this house" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The "sword" represents war. AT: "war" or "battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before this house + +This refers to the temple. + +# your name is in this house + +Here Yahweh's presence is represented by his "name." AT: "your presence is here in this house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/10.md b/2ch/20/10.md index 8491011135..75310370a1 100644 --- a/2ch/20/10.md +++ b/2ch/20/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Mount Seir +This was a place where the Edomites lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# See how they are rewarding us; they are coming to drive us out of your land -* **Mount Seir** - This was a place where the Edomites lived. -* **See how they are rewarding us; they are coming to drive us out of your land** - AT: "This is how they 'repay' us for the mercy we showed to them; they are coming to drive us out of your land" See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]] +Here Jehoshaphat speaks of the ironic situation. AT: "This is how they 'repay' us for the mercy we showed to them; they are coming to drive us out of your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# See how + +The word "see" here is used as an idiom to emphasize what is said next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/12.md b/2ch/20/12.md index cb841cf140..a82ee5683c 100644 --- a/2ch/20/12.md +++ b/2ch/20/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# will you not judge them? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] +This rhetorical question is used as a request. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "please judge them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# our eyes are on you -* **will you not judge them?** - AT: "please judge them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Our eyes are upon you** - AT: "we are looking to you for help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize that they are directing their attention to God. AT: "we are looking to you for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/14.md b/2ch/20/14.md index a906bb543a..0a755664b3 100644 --- a/2ch/20/14.md +++ b/2ch/20/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the Spirit of Yahweh came on -* [[en:tw:assembly]] +This is an idiom which means that the spirit of God influenced Jahaziel and enabled him to prophesy. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Jahaziel ... Zechariah ... Benaiah ... Jeiel ... Mattaniah ... Asaph -* **the spirit of Yahweh came on ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:15:01]] -* **Jahaziel, the son of Zechariah, the son of Benaiah, the son of Jeiel, the son of Mattaniah, the Levite, one of the sons of Asaph** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **battle does not belong to you ** - AT: "do not be concerned about this battle, God is in control of it" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all Judah and you inhabitants of Jerusalem + +Here "Judah" refers to the people who live there. AT: "all you who live in Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the battle does not belong to you, but to God + +This means that God is in control of the battle and of what happens. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/16.md b/2ch/20/16.md index d2e9ab22b5..78366cc874 100644 --- a/2ch/20/16.md +++ b/2ch/20/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# go down against ... Go out against +This is an idiom that means to go and meet the enemy army for battle. AT: "march against ... March out against" or "Go to battle against ... Go to battle against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# See, they are -* ** go down against** - AT: "go to" or "go to battle" -* **Pass of Ziz** - This is a narrow valley between two mountains southeast of Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **rescue of Yahweh** - God will fight the battle and rescue the people +"Indeed, they are." The word "See" is used here as an idiom to draw attention to what is said next. The people cannot currently see the enemy army. AT: "They are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# pass of Ziz + +This is a narrow valley between two mountains southeast of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the rescue of Yahweh with you + +The word "rescue" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "Yahweh rescue you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Judah and Jerusalem + +Here these places represent the people from them. AT: "people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/18.md b/2ch/20/18.md index 4b2a98e00c..3ac634b630 100644 --- a/2ch/20/18.md +++ b/2ch/20/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# bowed his head with his face to the ground ... fell down before Yahweh +These acts of worship that express humility and submission to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# All Judah -* **All Judah** - AT: "All the people of Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Kohathites and Korahites** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "Judah" refers to the people from Judah. AT: "All the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kohathites and Korahites + +These are the names of people groups descending from Kohath and Korah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with a very loud voice + +This speaks of all the people praising Yahweh as if they together had one voice. AT: "with very loud voices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/20.md b/2ch/20/20.md index 9d62f2d2ae..e935202fe3 100644 --- a/2ch/20/20.md +++ b/2ch/20/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Tekoa -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Translate the name of this city the same as in [2 Chronicles 11:6](../11/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# you will be supported -* **tekoa** - This was a town south of Jerusalem (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **you will be supported** - AT: "Yahweh will help you" -* **Trust in the prophets, and you will succeed** - AT: "If you trust in the prophets, then you will succeed" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will support you" or "he will help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Trust in his prophets, and you will succeed + +"If you trust in Yahweh's prophets, then you will succeed" + +# his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [2 Chronicles 7:3](../07/04.md). AT: "he faithfully loves us forever" or "he is always faithful to his covenant with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/22.md b/2ch/20/22.md index 2c5bff5f92..b1a29f5798 100644 --- a/2ch/20/22.md +++ b/2ch/20/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# to sing and to praise -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +They were singing to Yahweh. AT: "to sing and to praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh set men -* **Mount Seir** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:20:10]] -* **set men in ambush** - AT: "prepared a surprise attack" -* **completely kill them and destroy them** - AT: "completely destroy them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This means that Yahweh caused some of the enemy soldiers to ambush other enemy soldiers. AT: "Yahweh set some enemy soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# ambush + +a surprise attack + +# Mount Seir + +Translate the name of this place the same as in [2 Chronicles 20:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They were defeated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They defeated them" or "They defeated those they had ambushed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to completely kill them and destroy them + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the first. AT: "to completely annihilate them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# When they had finished with + +This refers to after they had destroyed them. AT: "When they had finished killing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/24.md b/2ch/20/24.md index b0723fe197..7dae088f91 100644 --- a/2ch/20/24.md +++ b/2ch/20/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold, they were dead +The word "behold" is used here to mark a surprising event. -## translationNotes +# they were dead, fallen to the ground -* **Behold, they were dead ** - This was a surprise. All their enemies had destroyed each other -* **fallen to the ground** - AT: "dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The phrase "fallen to the ground" is an idiomatic way to say that "they were dead." AT: "they were all dead on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/25.md b/2ch/20/25.md index 5bb8b34a98..b26d17bf82 100644 --- a/2ch/20/25.md +++ b/2ch/20/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the fourth day +"the 4th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Valley of Berakah -* **stripped off for themselves** - AT: "took for themselves" -* **to this day** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:05:09]] +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to this day + +This means the day on which the writer wrote. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/27.md b/2ch/20/27.md index 1fb860ce1e..cd91d31218 100644 --- a/2ch/20/27.md +++ b/2ch/20/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# every man of Judah and Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:lute|lute, lyre]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] +This is a reference to every man in the army. AT: "every soldier of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Jehoshaphat in their lead -* **every man of Judah and Jerusalem** - This is a reference to every fighting man (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] -* **Jehoshaphat in their lead** - King jehoshaphat was in front of the whole army as they went back to Jerusalem. +"with Jehoshaphat leading them." The phrase "in their lead" is an idiom. King Jehoshaphat was in front of the whole army as they went back to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# rejoice over their enemies + +They rejoiced because their enemies had been defeated. AT: "rejoice over their enemies' defeat" or "rejoice because their enemies had been destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/29.md b/2ch/20/29.md index c340b2e2cf..20157553e7 100644 --- a/2ch/20/29.md +++ b/2ch/20/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The terror of God was on all the kingdoms of the nations -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] +The word "terror" can be expressed with the verb "feared." AT: "All the kingdoms of the nations greatly feared God" -## translationNotes +# kingdoms of the nations -* **Terror of God was on all monarchies of the nations** - "All the kings of the nations greatly feared God" -* **monarchies** - This refers to governments with a single ruler. +"kingdoms in the nearby nations" + +# Jehoshaphat's kingdom was quiet + +This speaks of the kingdom having peace as the kingdom being quiet. AT: "Jehoshaphat's kingdom was at peace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/31.md b/2ch/20/31.md index 04fb83e7fd..3a6c81fc07 100644 --- a/2ch/20/31.md +++ b/2ch/20/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# thirty-five years old ... twenty-five years -* [[en:tw:turn]] +"35 years old ... 25 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Azubah, the daughter of Shilhi -* **Azubah, the daughter of Shilhi** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **walked in the ways** - AT: "followed his father's example" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he did what was right in the eyes** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] +"Azubah" was the name of Jehoshaphat's mother. Shilhi was the name of Azubah's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He walked in the ways of Asa, his father; he did not turn away from them + +This means that he lived in a way that pleased Yahweh as his father had done. Here "walking" is an idiom for the way a person lives and behaves. AT: "He did things that were pleasing to Yahweh, like his father Asa had done, and he did not stop doing those things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Jehoshaphat's actions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "he did what Yahweh judged to be right" or "he did what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the high places were not taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he did not get rid of the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The people still had not directed their hearts to the God + +This means that the people did not desire to obey God and were not devoted to him. Here people's "hearts" represent their will and their desires. AT: "The people were still not devoted to the God" or "The people still were not committed to following the God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/34.md b/2ch/20/34.md index fe0ee0c46c..45e78152e5 100644 --- a/2ch/20/34.md +++ b/2ch/20/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# first and last +These two opposites are given to refer to everything concerning Jehoshaphat during his reign as king. AT: "from the beginning of his reign until he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# behold -* **the son of Hanani** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The Book of the Kings of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:16:11]] +"indeed." The word is used here to add emphasis to the important information that follows. + +# they are written in ... which is recorded in + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they are in ... which is in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hanani + +Translate this man's name as you did in [2 Chronicles 16:7](../16/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the history of Jehu son of Hanani + +This is a historical account that was written by Jehu. + +# the book of the kings of Israel + +This is a book that no longer exists. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 16:11](../16/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/35.md b/2ch/20/35.md index 29cb9db21c..02d294230f 100644 --- a/2ch/20/35.md +++ b/2ch/20/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# ships +These are ships capable of traveling on large bodies of water. -## translationNotes +# Tarshish -* **oceangoing ships** - These are ships capable of traveling on large bodies of water. -* **at Eziongeber. Then Eliezer, the son of Dodavahu of Mareshah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They built the ships + +Jehoshaphat and Ahaziah did not build the ships, rather, their workers built them. AT: "Their workers built the ships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ezion Geber + +Translate the name of this place as you did in [2 Chronicles 8:17](../08/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eliezer ... Dodavahu + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mareshah + +Translate this man's name as you did in [2 Chronicles 11:08](../11/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The ships were wrecked so that + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The ships became ruined and" or "The ships wrecked so that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they were not able to sail + +"no one was able to sail them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/intro.md b/2ch/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ccfc481446 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Jehoshaphat is completed in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Deliverance and trust ##### +God rescues those who trust him. An enormous army came against Jehoshaphat but God promised that he would defeat them without Judah having to fight. Then the enemy fought among themselves and when the army of Judah arrived there were dead bodies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/01.md b/2ch/21/01.md index cf20e84a00..24d537599f 100644 --- a/2ch/21/01.md +++ b/2ch/21/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# slept with his ancestors -* [[en:tw:israel]] +Jehoshaphat dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# city of David -* **slept with his ancestors** - AT: "died" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **city of David** - This is the city of Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariah, Michael, and -* (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **gave the throne** - Jehoshaphat decided that Jehoram should be the king after he died (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is the city of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariahu, Michael, and Shephatiah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jehoshaphat, king of Israel + +The southern kingdom was technically called "Judah," but the writer of this book apparently wanted to make the point that the southern kingdom was, in its obedience to God, the true Israel. + +# large gifts + +"gifts of large amounts" + +# gave the throne to Jehoram + +Jehoshaphat decided that Jehoram should be the king after he died. Here "throne" is a metonym for ruling as king. AT: "made Jehoram king after him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/04.md b/2ch/21/04.md index 03c3094118..31e2c09170 100644 --- a/2ch/21/04.md +++ b/2ch/21/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# risen up over his father's kingdom -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] +To "rise up over" something is an idiom that means to control it. AT: "taken complete control over his father's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he killed all his brothers with the sword -* **risen up over his father's kingdom** - AT: "taken complete control over his father's kingdom" +Jehoram probably did not kill them personally, but had other people do it for him. AT: "he caused all of his younger brothers to be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/06.md b/2ch/21/06.md index a7ce1e05dd..0f13779dc3 100644 --- a/2ch/21/06.md +++ b/2ch/21/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# walked in the ways -* [[en:tw:house]] +This is an idiom that means he followed their example. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 20:32](../20/31.md). AT: "followed the example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Ahab was doing -* **walked in the ways** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:20:31]] -* **in Yahweh's sight** - AT: "according to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **He had promised to give life to him** - AT: "He had promised that David's descendants would always be the ones who ruled Judah." +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. AT: "the descendants of Ahab were doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he had Ahab's daughter as his wife + +"he had married a daughter of Ahab" + +# in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. AT: "as Yahweh judged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of David + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../../jer/03/17.md). AT: "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he had promised that he would always give life to him and his descendants + +"he had promised that David's descendants would always be the ones who ruled Judah." This was the covenant that Yahweh made with David. + +# always give life to him and his descendants + +"always cause him and his descendants to live" or "never destroy him and his descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/08.md b/2ch/21/08.md index f95580df7f..0b094f90a9 100644 --- a/2ch/21/08.md +++ b/2ch/21/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# In Jehoram's days +"While Jehoram was king" -## translationNotes +# from the control of Judah -* **In Jehoram's days** - AT: "While Jehoram was king" -* **from the power of Judah** - AT: "against Judah's control" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **crossed over** - AT: "crossed the border into Edom" -* **to this present day** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:05:09]] -* **Libnah** - This was a town in Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"against Judah's control" + +# set a king over themselves + +The word "set" is a metonym for choosing, and the words "over themselves" is a metonym for "to rule them." AT: "chose a king to rule over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# crossed over + +"crossed the border into Edom" or "went to Edom" + +# It was night when he rose up ... surrounded him and his chariot commanders + +It may be helpful to reorder this sentence and to add implicit information. AT: "The Edomites surrounded him and his chariot commanders, but Jehoram and his army fought against them and escaped during the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to this present day + +This refers to the time when the book of 2 Chronicles was written. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). + +# Libnah + +This was a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/11.md b/2ch/21/11.md index 6fa7ab2341..07125fd73d 100644 --- a/2ch/21/11.md +++ b/2ch/21/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehoram had also built high places +Other people helped Jehoram build these high places all over the mountains of Judah. AT: "Jehoram and the people had also built high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# he made the inhabitants of Jerusalem to live like prostitutes -* **the inhabitants of Jerusalem to act like a prostitute** - AT: "he lead the people of Jerusalem and they were unfaithful to God" +Jehoram caused the people to serve idols instead of Yahweh. People who serve other gods in order to receive something from them are spoken of as spiritual prostitutes. AT: "he caused the people of Jerusalem to leave Yahweh and serve other gods, as prostitutes serve men who are not their husbands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he led Judah astray + +Not following Yahweh is spoken of as not following the correct path. AT: "he caused Judah to no longer follow Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/12.md b/2ch/21/12.md index f01dc0bdb6..0fbff11225 100644 --- a/2ch/21/12.md +++ b/2ch/21/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# A letter from the prophet Elijah came to Jehoram -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +"Jehoram received a letter from the prophet Elijah" or "The prophet Elijah sent a letter to Jehoram" -## translationNotes +# walked in the ways -* **intestines** - AT: "bowels" -* **until your intestines fall out because of the disease,** - AT: "until this disease causes your death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is an idiom that means he followed their example. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 20:32](../20/31.md). AT: "followed the example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# act like a prostitute + +Jehoram caused the people to serve idols instead of Yahweh. People who serve other gods in order to receive something from them are spoken of as spiritual prostitutes. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 21:11](./11.md). AT: "leave Yahweh and serve other gods, as a prostitute serves men who are not her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Ahab + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](./06.md). AT: "the descendants of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# see + +This tells Jehoram to pay attention to the message that follows. + +# strike with a great plague + +"cause a great plague to happen to" + +# You yourself + +The use of the reflexive "yourself" emphasizes that this is a personal judgment on Jehoram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# until your intestines fall out because of the sickness + +Possible meanings are 1) his intestines will literally fall out or 2) this is a metaphor that describes intestinal problems that will result in his death. AT: "until this disease causes your death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/16.md b/2ch/21/16.md index d22a1361ef..6dca66b959 100644 --- a/2ch/21/16.md +++ b/2ch/21/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians +Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Here "spirit" is singular and refers to the Philistines as a group and to the Arabians as a group. AT: "provoked against Jehoram the Philistines and the Arabians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# against Jehoram -* **stirred up against Jehoram the spirits of the Philistines and of the Arabians** - AT: "caused the Philistines and Arabians to become very angry with Judah" +Here Jehoram refers to Jehoram and the people of Judah that he ruled. AT: "against Jehoram and the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who were near the Cushites + +The Philistines and the Arabians were two different nations. The Arabians lived southeast of Judah near the Cushites, and the Philistines lived west of Judah. These nations were stirred up separately. This can be made explicit. AT: "the spirit of the Philistines and the spirit of the Arabians who were near the Cushites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# No son was left to him except Jehoahaz, his youngest son + +"They took away all of his sons except Jehoahaz, his youngest son" or "The only son they left to him was Jehoahaz, his youngest son" + +# Jehoahaz, his youngest son + +This same son is called "Ahaziah" in [2 Chronicles 22:01](../22/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/18.md b/2ch/21/18.md index 6ea6714647..f71b73f8b9 100644 --- a/2ch/21/18.md +++ b/2ch/21/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh struck him in his intestines with an incurable disease +Here "struck" is an idiom that means Yahweh caused him to be sick. AT: "Yahweh caused him to suffer from an incurable disease in his intestines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# It came about -* **struck him in his intestines with an incurable disease** - AT: "gave him an incurable disease in his intestines" -* **in due time** - AT: "in the proper time" or "when the time was right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **made no fire in his honor** - AT: "did not honor him with a bonfire" -* **unlamented** - AT: "without sadness" +This phrase marks an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# in due time + +This is an idiom that refers to a set or appointed time. AT: "in the proper time" or "when the time was right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# made no fire in his honor as they had done for his ancestors + +The custom of the Israelites was to make a bonfire to honor the king who had died. They did not do this for Jehoram to express their contempt for him. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "did not make a bonfire to honor him as they normally did to honor kings when they died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he died unlamented + +"no one was sad that he died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/intro.md b/2ch/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..468a947f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Evil ##### +Doing evil causes the country to decline. Jehoshaphat's son was evil. Edom and Libna successfully revolted against him, the Arabs plundered him and he died of an intestinal disease. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### + +The author compares worship of Baal to being a prostitute: "to act like a prostitute." Idolatry by the people of God is often pictured as prostitution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/01.md b/2ch/22/01.md index bc208a70d9..1cd37766cf 100644 --- a/2ch/22/01.md +++ b/2ch/22/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# for the band of men ... had killed all his older sons -* [[en:tw:house]] +This is background information about the events of [2 Chronicles 21:16-17](../21/16.md). Ahaziah was called "Jehoahaz" in that earlier account. It is possible he changed his name when he became king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# all his older sons -* **Athaliah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **"He walked in the way" ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:20:31]] +"all Jehoram's older sons" + +# twenty-two years old + +"22 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Athaliah + +This is the name of Ahaziah's mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He also walked in the ways + +Here "walked in the ways" is an idiom that means he followed Ahab's example. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 20:32](../20/31.md). AT: "He also followed the example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the house of Ahab + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). AT: "the descendants of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/04.md b/2ch/22/04.md index b71b5cc7d8..2e1668bece 100644 --- a/2ch/22/04.md +++ b/2ch/22/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# in the sight of Yahweh +The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. AT: "as Yahweh judged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Ahab was doing -* **in Yahweh’s sight** - AT: "in Yahweh's opinion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Hazael** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). AT: "the descendants of Ahab were doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they were his advisors + +"descendants of Ahab advised him" + +# to his destruction + +"and this caused his destruction" + +# He also followed their advice; he went + +"He also followed their advice and went" or "He also followed their advice to go" + +# to fight against Hazael, king of Aram + +The reader should understand that Hazael did not fight alone, but that he took his army with him. AT: "to fight against Hazael, king of Aram, and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Hazael + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/06.md b/2ch/22/06.md index 91404ba0cb..98f36ec188 100644 --- a/2ch/22/06.md +++ b/2ch/22/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# of the wounds that they had given him -* [[en:tw:jehoram]] -* [[en:tw:jehoram|Jehoram]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel|Jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah|Ramah]] +"from the wounds that he received at the battle" -## translationNotes +# went down to Jezreel -* There are no notes for this passage. +Jezreel was lower in elevation than Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/07.md b/2ch/22/07.md index 189456065c..4c44427405 100644 --- a/2ch/22/07.md +++ b/2ch/22/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now the destruction of Ahaziah was brought about by God +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as an action. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God caused Ahaziah to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# visit to Joram ... went with Jehoram -* **Nimshi** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Joram" and "Jehoram" are two names for the same person. + +# Nimshi + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It came about + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# carrying out God's judgment on the house of Ahab + +This refers to killing the descendants of Ahab. AT: "killing all the descendants of Ahab as God had commanded" + +# the house of Ahab + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). AT: "the descendants of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sons of Ahaziah's brothers + +Possible meanings are 1) Ahaziah's nephews or 2) the sons of Ahaziah's relatives . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/09.md b/2ch/22/09.md index 569b5c5d16..6e0f4eb98a 100644 --- a/2ch/22/09.md +++ b/2ch/22/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they caught him ... killed him -* [[en:tw:bury]] +"they caught Ahaziah ... killed Ahaziah" -## translationNotes +# they buried him, for they said, "He is a son of Jehoshaphat, who sought Yahweh with all his heart." -* There are no notes for this passage. +They honored him enough to bury his body because he was the descendant of Jehoshaphat, who was a good king. This can be stated explicitly. AT: they buried his corpse, because they said, "He deserves to be buried, because he was a descendant of Jehoshaphat, who tried hard to please Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the house of Ahaziah had no more power to rule the kingdom + +Here "house of Ahaziah" is a metonym that refers to Ahaziah's descendants. Here "power to rule" is a metonym for a king. Since all the adult descendants of Ahaziah were dead, there was no one left to rule Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/10.md b/2ch/22/10.md index 8b30d81046..5b761d876c 100644 --- a/2ch/22/10.md +++ b/2ch/22/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# she arose and killed all the royal children +Here the writer speaks of Athaliah as if she killed the children herself, but the reader should understand that she would have ordered her servants to kill them. AT: "she commanded her servants to kill all the royal children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# all the royal children -* -* **Jehoshaba...Jehoiada** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers only to the males, because they could become king. Verse 11 confirms that the sons were the ones who were killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case, it refers to the kingdom of Judah. AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jehosheba, a daughter of the king ... a daughter of King Jehoram + +Here "of the king" refers back to Jehoram, the father of Ahaziah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# his nurse + +This refers to a person who cares for a child, not to a medical person. + +# into a bedroom + +Verse 12 makes it clear that this bedroom was located in the temple. Jehosheba could access that room because she was married to Jehoiada who was a priest. + +# Jehoiada + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He was with them + +"Joash was with Jehosheba and Jehoiada" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/intro.md b/2ch/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0ae486a6a --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the beginning of the story of Queen Athaliah. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The author compares Athaliah's evil deeds to Ahab's family's evil lives: "walked in the ways of the house of Ahab." Ahab is pictured as the epitome of evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/01.md b/2ch/23/01.md index 931371387b..11c043599e 100644 --- a/2ch/23/01.md +++ b/2ch/23/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Jehoiada -* **Jehoiada** - the chief priest who served in the temple and was faithful to God. He was an advisor to Joash. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the son of Obed; Maaseiah, the son of Adaiah; and Elishaphat, the son of Zichri** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +the chief priest who served in the temple and was faithful to God. He was an advisor to Joash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# showed his strength + +He decided it was time to challenge Athaliah's rule and reveal that Joash was alive and ready to be king. AT: "decided to act" + +# the commanders of hundreds + +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# entered into a covenant + +"made an agreement" + +# Azariah ... Ishmael ... Azariah ... Maaseiah ... Elishaphat + +These five men were the commanders of hundreds of soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeroham ... Jehohanan ... Obed ... Adaiah ... Zichri + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel + +Here "heads" is a metaphor for the most important part. And "houses" represents the families. AT: "leaders of the founding families of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the king's son + +Here, "king" refers to Joash's father. AT: "Joash, the son of the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/04.md b/2ch/23/04.md index 1c2d5c6a66..694cbf00b8 100644 --- a/2ch/23/04.md +++ b/2ch/23/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A third ... Another third ... the other third -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"One-third ... Another one-third ... the other one-third" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# will be guards at the doors -* **all the people** - AT: "many people " (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"will be guards at the temple doors" + +# the Foundation Gate + +This gate may have also been called the "Middle Gate" or the "Sur Gate." It was apparently an inner gate that was near the king's palace. + +# All the people + +This is a generalization that refers to all the people who are present. AT: "All the other people who are present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/06.md b/2ch/23/06.md index 9c1cc86a93..9c2627e213 100644 --- a/2ch/23/06.md +++ b/2ch/23/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Allow no one to come into the house of Yahweh +"Do not allow anyone to come into the house of Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# But all the other people must obey the commands of Yahweh -* **when he comes in and when he goes out** - AT: "wherever he goes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +It may be helpful to state that command. AT: "All the others must remain in the courtyard, obeying what Yahweh has commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The Levites must surround the king on all sides + +"The Levites must surround the king on all sides in order to protect him" + +# all sides, every man with his weapons in his hand + +"all sides, and every temple guard should have his weapons and be ready to fight" + +# Whoever comes into the house, let him be killed + +This did not include the temple guards and the priests. This can be stated explicitly and in active form. AT: "You must kill anyone except the temple guards and the priests who come into the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when he comes in and when he goes out + +Possible meanings are 1) "at all times" or 2) "wherever he goes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/08.md b/2ch/23/08.md index b1474697a3..13ac2c02f9 100644 --- a/2ch/23/08.md +++ b/2ch/23/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all Judah +This is a generalization to refer to all the people of Judah who were present in the courtyard that day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# served in every way in the manner in which Jehoiada the priest commanded -* **all Judah served in every way in which Jehoiada commanded** - AT: "most of the people were obedient to the commands of the high priest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **were to leave off serving on the Sabbath** - AT: "were finishing their work on that Sabbath day" +"did exactly what Jehoiada the priest commanded" or "obeyed everything that Jehoiada the priest commanded" + +# Each one took his men ... any of their divisions + +The priests and guards served in divisions, with each group working for two weeks. This refers to the point in time when two divisions were present—the one ending their service and the one starting their service. Thus there were twice as many men as usual. + +# were to leave off serving on the Sabbath + +"were finishing their work on that Sabbath day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/10.md b/2ch/23/10.md index 303790c8ea..b834cf0554 100644 --- a/2ch/23/10.md +++ b/2ch/23/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:crown]] +Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# with his weapon in his hand -* **gave him the covenant decrees** - AT: "Recited the terms of the covenant" +This means they were ready to fight. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 23:7](./06.md). + +# the king's son + +Here "king" refers to Joash's father. AT: "Joash, the son of the king" + +# put the crown on him + +This is a symbolic act to show that they are making him king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# gave him the covenant decrees + +The symbolic act of giving him a scroll with the decrees shows that they expect him to obey them. It is unclear if these decrees were a portion of the law of Moses, or a separate set of rules for kings to obey. AT: "presented to him the covenant decrees that he should obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# anointed him + +This was a symbolic act to show that he was chosen by God to be the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Long live the king + +"May the king live a long life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/12.md b/2ch/23/12.md index 0a5be5230c..dedc9d71e1 100644 --- a/2ch/23/12.md +++ b/2ch/23/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This alerts the reader that the following information is very important. -## translationNotes +# standing by his pillar at the entrance -* **all the people of the land** - AT: "almost all of the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The relationship between the king and this particular pillar at the temple entrance is unclear. + +# All the people of the land + +This is a generalization to show that many people participated in the event. AT: "A very large number of the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Athaliah tore her clothes + +This was a symbolic action to show her great distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Treason! Treason! + +Treason is acting to overthrow the government. Athaliah had killed the legitimate heirs of the king and made herself ruler in [2 Chronicles 22:10-11](../22/10.md). She was angry that Joash became king in her place. The exclamation is repeated for emphasis. AT: "You are committing treason!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/14.md b/2ch/23/14.md index a91badc639..926b51ef64 100644 --- a/2ch/23/14.md +++ b/2ch/23/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehoiada -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] +Translate this man's name as in [2 Chronicles 22:11](../22/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the commanders of hundreds -* **Jehoiada** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **who were over the army** - AT: "who were leaders in the army" -* **between the ranks** - AT: "in the midst of the soldiers" +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](./01.md). AT: "the commanders of military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who were over the army + +"who were leaders in the army" + +# Bring her out between the ranks + +Possible meanings are 1) "Surround her and bring her out of the temple courtyard" or 2) "Remove her from the people in the temple courtyard" + +# anyone who follows her, let him be killed with the sword + +This can be stated in active form. It is implied that people who followed her would be trying to help her. AT: "Use your sword to kill anyone who comes to help her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For the priest had said + +"For Jehoiada the priest had said" + +# as she went into the entrance of the Horse Gate of the king's house + +Some versions have "and took her to the Horse Gate near the entrance of the kings' house" + +# the king's house + +"the royal palace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/16.md b/2ch/23/16.md index 96e76853d6..bbdeffe6ee 100644 --- a/2ch/23/16.md +++ b/2ch/23/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# all the people went to the house of Baal -* **all of the people went to the house of Baal** - AT: "almost all of the people went to the temple of Baal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Mattan** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a generalization that means a large group of the people did this. AT: "a very large group of the people went to the temple of Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Mattan + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/18.md b/2ch/23/18.md index 47c08465f7..90642611c7 100644 --- a/2ch/23/18.md +++ b/2ch/23/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# under the hand of the priests +Here "hand" represents control. AT: "under the direction of the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# so that no one that was unclean in any way should enter -* **under the hand of the priests** - AT: "under the direction of the priests" -* **no one that was unclean in any way should enter** - AT: no one unclean is allowed to enter for any reason" +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if they were physically unclean. AT: "so that no one that was unacceptable to God in any way should enter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that no one that was unclean in any way should enter + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "to make sure that only those who are clean could enter" or "to make sure only those who are acceptable to God could enter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/20.md b/2ch/23/20.md index c413a47b27..f639c57ff2 100644 --- a/2ch/23/20.md +++ b/2ch/23/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the commanders of hundreds -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# all the people of the land -* **He brought down the king from the house of Yahweh** - AT: "He brought the king from the temple at the top of the hill to the palace" +This is a generalization that means he took very many people with him. AT: "a very large group of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# He brought down the king from the house of Yahweh + +The temple was built on the highest hill in Jerusalem. AT: "He brought the king down from the temple to the palace" + +# the throne of the kingdom + +"the royal throne" + +# So all the people of the land + +This is generalization to say that most of the people rejoiced. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the city was quiet + +Here "the city" represents the people of the city, and "quiet" represents peace, since no one opposed Joash after Athaliah died. AT: "the people of the city were at peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/intro.md b/2ch/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e37d8abe40 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The chapter ends the story of Queen Athaliah and begins the story of King Joash. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Having a king ##### +The high priest organized a coup and made seven-year-old Joash king. Athaliah objected, so the chief priest had her killed. This was an attempt by the priests to fulfill the covenant God made with David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/01.md b/2ch/24/01.md index 067774d955..10b4fa2d57 100644 --- a/2ch/24/01.md +++ b/2ch/24/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# began to reign +"became king of Judah" -## translationNotes +# forty years -* **Zibiah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **what was right in the eyes of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] -* **all the days of Jehoiada, the priest** - AT: "as long as Jehoiada was alive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Zibiah + +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The word "eyes" here represents seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Joash's actions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md). AT: "what Yahweh judged to be right" or "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the days of Jehoiada, the priest + +This idiom means "as long as Jehoiada, the priest, was alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Jehoiada took for him two wives + +"Jehoiada chose two wives for Joash" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/04.md b/2ch/24/04.md index 9d1ddd433e..80b718da5a 100644 --- a/2ch/24/04.md +++ b/2ch/24/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about after this -* [[en:tw:restore]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# right away -* **right away** - AT: "immediately" +"immediately" + +# The Levites did nothing at first + +It may be helpful to add "but" to show that the Levites did not obey. AT: "But the Levites did not do it immediately" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/06.md b/2ch/24/06.md index 37d2c965c7..995a343b3e 100644 --- a/2ch/24/06.md +++ b/2ch/24/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Why have you not required the Levites ... covenant decrees? +King Joash asks this rhetorical question to accuse Jehoiada of not doing his duty. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have neglected your duty. I told you to require the Levites ... covenant decrees, but you have not done it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# for the tent of the covenant decrees -* **for the tent of the covenant decrees?** - Although it refers to the temple that Solomon built, it is a reminder that the "tent of meeting" was the first holy place for the the people of God. -* **dedicated furnishings** - This refers to the furniture used in the temple. +Although it refers to the temple that Solomon built, it is a reminder that this tax has been collected since the time of Moses and the "tent of meeting." + +# holy things + +This refers to the items used for worship in the temple. + +# to the Baals + +"to people to use for the worship of idols of Baal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/08.md b/2ch/24/08.md index 7b0aba74f6..16acbd970b 100644 --- a/2ch/24/08.md +++ b/2ch/24/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a chest -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +a large wooden box -## translationNotes +# they made a proclamation -* There are no notes for this passage. +"they proclaimed" or "they announced" + +# All the leaders and all the people + +This is a generalization. Some people probably did not respond this way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/11.md b/2ch/24/11.md index a1692b297d..d77b0d7ea3 100644 --- a/2ch/24/11.md +++ b/2ch/24/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened that whenever -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This phrase introduces a new, recurring action. If your language has a way to note this, you may use it here. -## translationNotes +# take it and carry it back to its place -* **stonemasons and carpenters** - AT: "those who built with stone and those who built with wood" -* **worked in iron and bronze** - AT: "those who worked with metal" +"take the chest and carry it back to its place" + +# stonemasons and carpenters + +"men who built with stone and men who built with wood" + +# those who worked in iron and bronze + +"men who made things from iron and bronze" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/13.md b/2ch/24/13.md index eca144d765..b6ae011221 100644 --- a/2ch/24/13.md +++ b/2ch/24/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# went forward in their hands -* [[en:tw:labor]] +Here the word "forward" represents progress, and the word "hands" represents their control. AT: "made progress under their supervision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the rest of the money -* **went forward in their hands** - AT: "they did with their hands" -* **continually for all the days of Jehoiada** - AT: "everyday during the life of Jehoiada" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This is money that was collected in the chest but not needed for repairs. + +# furnishings + +This refers to the "utensils" and "spoons" listed later in the verse. + +# for all the days of Jehoiada + +This idiom refers to the lifespan of Jehoiada. AT: "for as long as Jehoiada lived" or "throughout the lifetime of Jehoiada" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/15.md b/2ch/24/15.md index 569b5c5d16..93ae76f605 100644 --- a/2ch/24/15.md +++ b/2ch/24/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# grew old and was full of days -* [[en:tw:bury]] +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how long he lived. AT: "became very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# was full of days -* There are no notes for this passage. +This idiom means he lived a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# 130 years old + +"one hundred and thirty years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# among the kings + +"among the tombs of the kings" or "among the graves of the kings" + +# because he had done good in Israel, toward God, and to God's house + +The nominal adjective "good" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "because he had done good things in Judah for God and for God's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/17.md b/2ch/24/17.md index 91a137eb90..8954854adb 100644 --- a/2ch/24/17.md +++ b/2ch/24/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# did honor to the king -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +"gave honor to King Joash" or "honored the king" -## translationNotes +# Then the king listened to them -* **did honor to the king** - AT: "gave honor to the king" -* **this wrongdoing of theirs** - AT: "their sin" +The following verse indicates that they wanted the king to serve idols instead of Yahweh, and he agreed. AT: "Then they persuaded the king to do what they wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# God's anger came on Judah and Jerusalem + +God's anger is spoken of as something that covered over Judah and Jerusalem. Here the words "Judah" and "Jerusalem" are metonyms for the people who lived there. AT: "God became very angry with the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this wrongdoing of theirs + +"their sin" + +# Yet he sent + +Here the word "yet" indicates a contrast between God's anger and his sending of the prophets to give them a chance to repent and avoid judgment. + +# to himself, Yahweh + +The reflexive pronoun emphasizes that Yahweh was the one to whom they should turn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# they refused to listen + +"the people refused to obey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/20.md b/2ch/24/20.md index 249ab34592..a47e5eb176 100644 --- a/2ch/24/20.md +++ b/2ch/24/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The Spirit of God came on Zechariah -* [[en:tw:stone]] +This is an idiom which means that the Spirit of God influenced Zechariah and enabled him to prophesy. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Zechariah son of Jehoiada -* **ignored the kindness that Jehoiada, Zechariah’s father, had done to him.** - Joash did not pay attention or remember the great kindness of Jehoiada, Zechariah's father. -* **call you to account** - AT: "you will pay for the wrong you have done" +This was not the same man as Zechariah son of Berechiah who wrote the Book of Zechariah. + +# Why do you transgress the commandments of Yahweh, so that you cannot prosper? + +Zechariah asked this rhetorical question to rebuke the people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are transgressing the commandments of Yahweh, so that is why you cannot prosper." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# ignored the kindness that Jehoiada, Zechariah's father, had done to him + +Joash did not pay attention to the way that Jehoiada, Zechariah's father, had been kind to Joash. + +# call you to account + +"make you pay for the wrong you have done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/23.md b/2ch/24/23.md index ea3409d7ed..2d7ebe92eb 100644 --- a/2ch/24/23.md +++ b/2ch/24/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# sent all the plunder from them -* There are no notes for this passage. +"sent all the plunder from Judah and Jerusalem" + +# victory over a very great army + +"victory over the much larger army of Judah" + +# In this way the Arameans brought judgment on Joash + +This refers to God's judgment. This can be stated as an action. AT: "In this way God used the Arameans to judge Joash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/25.md b/2ch/24/25.md index b2d2f0a522..f1a7a68676 100644 --- a/2ch/24/25.md +++ b/2ch/24/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Joash had been severely wounded -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they had severely wounded Joash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# because of the murder of the sons of Jehoiada -* **Zabad, the son of Shimeath, the Ammonitess; and Jehozabad, the son of Shimrith, the Moabitess** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"because he had murdered the sons of Jehoiada" + +# They killed him in his bed + +"The servants killed Joash in his bed" + +# Zabad ... Jehozabad + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shimeath, an Ammonite woman ... Shimrith, a Moabite woman + +"Shimeath, from the country of Ammon ... Shimrith, from the country of Moab." These are the names of two women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/27.md b/2ch/24/27.md index 6d23ef3944..14509aec23 100644 --- a/2ch/24/27.md +++ b/2ch/24/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the accounts about his sons -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] +"the record of what his sons did" -## translationNotes +# the important prophecies that were spoken about him -* **The Commentary on the Book of the Kings** - This is a book which no longer exists. +"the important things the prophets spoke about him" + +# see, they are written + +Here "see" alerts the reader to pay special attention to the information that follows. + +# the commentary on the book of the kings + +This is a book which no longer exists. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/intro.md b/2ch/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c18a6d9f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Joash is completed in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Joash repairs the temple ##### + +Joash decided to repair the temple. The Levites collected money from people and gave it to the workmen to repair the temple. This was a sign of worship towards Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +##### Joash becomes evil ##### + +When Joash stopped worshiping Yahweh, he had many troubles. Joash remaind loyal to Yahweh as long as the chief priest lived, but when the chief priest died Joash started following other gods. The chief priest's son warned him that he would have trouble, so he had him killed. The army of Aram defeated and plundered him and his servants murdered him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/01.md b/2ch/25/01.md index c5a28a58c9..7d12fd4a02 100644 --- a/2ch/25/01.md +++ b/2ch/25/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-five years ... twenty-nine years -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:amaziah|Amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:perfect|perfect]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"25 years ... 29 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Jehoaddan -* **Jehoaddin** - This is a woman's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **what was right in the eyes of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +Here the word "eyes" represents sight, and sight represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:02](../14/01.md). AT: "what Yahweh judged to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but not with a whole heart + +Here the phrase "whole heart" is an idiom that means "completely." AT: "but not completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/03.md b/2ch/25/03.md index 5ae1bd9400..e3a156a164 100644 --- a/2ch/25/03.md +++ b/2ch/25/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# the book of Moses -* **the book of Moses** - This is a reference to the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. +This is a reference to the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/05.md b/2ch/25/05.md index 93da7bd3fe..c13293427b 100644 --- a/2ch/25/05.md +++ b/2ch/25/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# gathered Judah together -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] +Here "Judah" refers to the people who lived in Judah. AT: "gathered the people of Judah together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# registered them ... numbered them -* **registered ** - He had their names written on an official list. -* **talent** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +He had someone write their names on an official list. + +# by their ancestors' houses + +Here the word "houses" is a metonym for the families that lived in them. AT: "by their ancestors' families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "commanders of 1,000 soldiers and commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "commanders of large military divisions and commanders of smaller military divisions" See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# all of Judah and Benjamin + +Here "Judah" and "Benjamin" refer to the people who lived in the wider kingdom of Judah. AT: "all the people of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# twenty years old and upward + +Here numbers that were larger than twenty are spoken of as if they were higher. AT: "20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# found them to be + +"learned that there were" + +# 300,000 ... 100,000 + +"three hundred thousand ... one hundred thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# chosen men + +"capable soldiers" or "skilled warriors" + +# one hundred talents of silver + +"100 talents of silver." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about thirty-three hundred kilograms of silver" or "about 3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/07.md b/2ch/25/07.md index f4535bbc64..e806544121 100644 --- a/2ch/25/07.md +++ b/2ch/25/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a man of God -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] +"a prophet of God" -## translationNotes +# Israel ... the people of Ephraim -* There are no notes for this passage. +These are two names for the same group people. + +# throw you down before the enemy ... throw down + +Here the prophet speaks of military defeat as if the king would be thrown down on the ground. AT: "enable your enemy to defeat you ... defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/09.md b/2ch/25/09.md index 4553520ee4..5612869a19 100644 --- a/2ch/25/09.md +++ b/2ch/25/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# about the one hundred talents -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:amaziah|Amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about the thirty-three hundred kilograms of silver" or "about the 3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the army of Israel ... the army that had come to him from Ephraim -* **So their anger was greatly kindled ** - AT: "So they began to burn with anger (like a fire)" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in fierce anger** - AT: "very angry" +These are two ways to describe the same army. + +# So their anger was greatly kindled + +Here the increase in their anger is spoken of as if it were a growing fire inside them. AT: "So their anger began to burn within them like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in fierce anger + +"very angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/11.md b/2ch/25/11.md index 3bcb6cb481..d89a5ba48b 100644 --- a/2ch/25/11.md +++ b/2ch/25/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# took courage -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +"became brave" -## translationNotes +# Valley of Salt -* **Valley of Salt** - This is an area near the Dead Sea. -* **so that they were all broken in pieces** - AT: "so that they all died." +This is an area near the Dead Sea. + +# ten thousand men ... another ten thousand + +"10,000 men ... another 10,000 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# so that they were all broken in pieces + +This is an exaggeration to emphasize the thoroughness of the slaughter. AT: "so that they were all completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/13.md b/2ch/25/13.md index ae70431728..39b967b5b5 100644 --- a/2ch/25/13.md +++ b/2ch/25/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the men of the army which Amaziah sent back -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] +"the men of the army of Israel which Amaziah sent back to Israel" -## translationNotes +# Beth Horon -* **Bethhoron** - This was a village near Jerusalem in Ephraim. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **struck down** - AT: "killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This was a village near Jerusalem in Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# struck down + +Here "struck down" is an idiom that means they killed them. AT: "killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# three thousand of the people + +"3,000 people" + +# took much plunder + +"took away a great amount of valuable things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/14.md b/2ch/25/14.md index 6e1823216a..bc8a110d51 100644 --- a/2ch/25/14.md +++ b/2ch/25/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now it came about -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:edom|Edom, Edomite, Idumea, Seir, Teman]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# the slaughter of the Edomites -* **set them up to be his own gods** - AT: "worshiped these false gods" -* **Why have you sought after the gods of a people who did not even save their own people from your hand** - AT: "You have worshipped the gods of a people that did not even save their own people from you, king Amaziah." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"slaughtering the Edomites" or "killing the Edomites" + +# the gods of the people of Seir + +"the gods that the people of Seir worshiped" + +# bowed down ... burned incense + +These are symbolic acts of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Yahweh's anger was kindled against Amaziah + +Here the increase in Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a growing fire. AT: "Yahweh's anger grew like a fire against Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why have you sought after the gods of a people who did not even save their own people from your hand? + +The prophet uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Amaziah for worshiping the powerless gods of the people he had defeated. Here the word "hand" is a metonym for power. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have worshiped the gods of a people that did not even save their own people from your power, King Amaziah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the gods ... who did not even save their own people + +This expresses the popular opinion of the day that the gods determined who won battles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/16.md b/2ch/25/16.md index c6a1fb8081..658eb3cf9d 100644 --- a/2ch/25/16.md +++ b/2ch/25/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:works]] +This phrase is used here to mark the next important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Have we made you an advisor to the king? Stop! Why should you be killed? -* **Have we made you as advisor to the king? Stop. Why should you be killed?** - AT: "We certainly did not appoint you to be one of my advisors. So stop talking! If you say anything more, I will tell my soldiers to kill you!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The king used these rhetorical questions to rebuke the prophet for speaking against him. The questions can be translated as statements. AT: "We certainly did not appoint you to be one of my advisors. So stop talking! If you say anything more, I will tell my soldiers to kill you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you have done this deed + +This refers back to Amaziah worshiping the gods of the Edomites in [2 Chronicles 25:14](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/17.md b/2ch/25/17.md index f58d103be0..672fd9d0fe 100644 --- a/2ch/25/17.md +++ b/2ch/25/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehoash ... Jehoahaz -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:jehu|Jehu]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# meet each other face to face -* **Jehoahaz...Jehoash** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This idiom means they would both be there in person, rather than communicating through messages or other people. AT: "meet each other in person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/18.md b/2ch/25/18.md index 0767c7fa89..81ed09feea 100644 --- a/2ch/25/18.md +++ b/2ch/25/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# A thistle that was in Lebanon ... trampled down the thistle -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon|Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +This message is in the form of a parable. The worthless thistle represents Amaziah, and the cedar represents Jehoash. The trampling of the thistle by the beast expresses that something bad will happen to the thistle, and it will be powerless to stop it. The point of the parable is that Amaziah was foolish to challenge Jehoash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# thistle -* This story is a [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]. -* **thistle** - This is a small bush. -* **Cedar tree -** - ** A very large type of tree. Here it represents the soldiers of Israel. -* **for why should you cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you?** - AT: "you should not cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is a small, worthless plant with small, sharp thorns. + +# cedar + +a very large type of tree + +# your heart has lifted you up + +This is an idiom that means he had become proud. AT: "you have become proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# why should you cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you? + +Jehoash used this rhetorical question to warn Amaziah not to fight with him. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "you should not cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# fall + +Here "fall" is a euphemism for "die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Judah + +Here "Judah" is a metonym for the people who lived in Judah. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/20.md b/2ch/25/20.md index 4b81fd6133..240308da35 100644 --- a/2ch/25/20.md +++ b/2ch/25/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# this event was from God -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bethshemesh]] -* [[en:tw:bethshemesh|Beth Shemesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +"God wanted this event to happen" -## translationNotes +# into the hand of their enemies -* **struck down before** - AT: "defeated by" +Here "hand" refers to power to defeat. AT: "into the power of their enemies" or "so their enemies could defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# met each other face to face + +This idiom means they were both at the battle in person, rather than only sending other people to fight. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 25:17](./17.md). AT: "met each other in person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Beth Shemesh, which belongs to Judah + +The city of Beth Shemesh was located in Judah. + +# Judah was struck down before Israel + +Here "Judah" and "Israel" are metonyms for the soldiers of Judah and Israel, and "struck down" is an idiom that means "defeated." This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers of Israel defeated the soldiers of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every man + +This is a generalization that refers to the soldiers of Judah who survived the battle. AT: "the surviving soldiers of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/23.md b/2ch/25/23.md index f053c72b06..afac16235e 100644 --- a/2ch/25/23.md +++ b/2ch/25/23.md @@ -1,27 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# four hundred cubits in distance -* [[en:tw:ahaziah]] -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:amaziah|Amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:bethshemesh]] -* [[en:tw:bethshemesh|Beth Shemesh]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "400 cubits in distance" or "a length of 180 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# with Obed Edom -* **cubit** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **Obededom** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "Obed Edom" refers to this man's descendants. AT: "under the care of the descendants of Obed Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the king's house + +"the royal palace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/25.md b/2ch/25/25.md index 44f0bfbae2..f450837d90 100644 --- a/2ch/25/25.md +++ b/2ch/25/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# As for the other matters ... are they not written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel? -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:joash|Joash]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] +This rhetorical question is used to remind the reader that what happened to Amaziah is well-known. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "All of the matters concerning Amaziah, behold, are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the other matters concerning Amaziah, first and last -* **first and last** - AT: "everything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **are they not written in The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel?** - AT: "they are written in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the phrase "first and last" refers to those extremes and everything in between. AT: "all the matters concerning Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# behold + +This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the truth of what follows. + +# the book of the kings of Judah and Israel + +This refers to a book that no longer exists. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/27.md b/2ch/25/27.md index 4162af1453..5675ba982d 100644 --- a/2ch/25/27.md +++ b/2ch/25/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# turned away from following Yahweh -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:amaziah|Amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "turn away" is an idiom that means he no longer obeyed Yahweh. AT: "stopped obeying Yahweh" or "started to disobey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# they began to make a conspiracy ... they sent ... They brought -* **Lachish** - A city in Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **City of Judah** - another name for City of David, or Jerusalem +The text does not state to whom "they" refers. Retain the generic "they" in your translation if possible. + +# make a conspiracy against him + +The abstract noun "conspiracy" can be stated as an action. AT: "conspire against him" or "plot against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Lachish + +a city in Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# brought him back + +"brought back his body" + +# city of Judah + +This was another name for Jerusalem, which was also called the city of David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/intro.md b/2ch/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e4de06e71 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 25 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worshiping other gods ##### + +When Amaziah trusted God he was successful against Edom. But when he started worshiping the idols of Edom he was badly defeated. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/01.md b/2ch/26/01.md index 7e4d5d68e4..8369fb1f77 100644 --- a/2ch/26/01.md +++ b/2ch/26/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# All the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:amaziah|Amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah|Uzziah, Azariah]] +The word "All" is a generalization. Some people may not have wanted him to be king. AT: "The people of Judah took the 16 year-old Uzziah and made him king after his father, Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# sixteen ... fifty-two -* **Eloth** - This was a town on the Gulf of Aqaba. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the king slept with his ancestors** - "the king died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **fifty-two years** - two years** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) +"16 ... 52" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# It was he who rebuilt Elath + +Uzziah did not do this alone. AT: "It was he who ordered Elath to be rebuilt" or "It was he who supervised the rebuilding of Elath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Elath + +a city in Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# restored it to Judah + +"returned it to Judah." This means that his army captured the city so that now it belonged to Judah again. + +# slept with his ancestors + +This is a polite way to say he died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/04.md b/2ch/26/04.md index 8bdd1cbc3d..70c295d35e 100644 --- a/2ch/26/04.md +++ b/2ch/26/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot|Zechariah (OT)]] +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "what Yahweh judges to be right" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# following the example of his father, Amaziah, in everything -* **He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] -* **in everything** - AT: "in the same way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **He set himself to seek** - AT: "He was determined to please" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This implies that his father had done what was right in God's eyes. AT: "just as his father, Amaziah, had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in everything + +This is a generalization. AT: "in the same way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# He set himself to seek God + +Here "set himself" is a metaphor for being determined to do something. Seeking God represents choosing to know, worship, and obey him. AT: "He was determined to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the days of Zechariah + +Here "the days of Zechariah" is a metonym referring to the time period during which Zechariah was priest. AT: "when Zechariah was priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As long as he sought Yahweh + +"During the whole time that he sought Yahweh" + +# sought Yahweh + +Seeking Yahweh represents choosing to know, worship, and obey him. AT: "chose to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/06.md b/2ch/26/06.md index 8a751c475b..131c0e990f 100644 --- a/2ch/26/06.md +++ b/2ch/26/06.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Uzziah went out and fought against the Philistines -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:arabia]] -* [[en:tw:arabia|Arabia, Arabian]] -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:ashdod|Ashdod, Azotus]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:gath|Gath]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] -* [[en:tw:tribute|tribute]] +Here "Uzziah" represents himself and his army that he led. AT: "Uzziah led his army out to fight against the Philistines" or "Uzziah and his army went out and fought against the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# He broke down ... he built cities ... God helped him -* **Jabneh** - This was a town in northern Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gurbaal** - This was a town in Arabia. -* **Meunites** - This is likely the kingdom of the Maon people near Mount Seir. -* **and his fame spread to other lands ** - ** AT: "and he became well-known to other lands." -* **the entrance of Egypt** - AT: "the border of Egypt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the pronouns "He" and "him" represent Uzziah and his army. AT: "Uzziah and his army broke down ... they built cities ... God helped them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Jabneh + +This was a town in northern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the country of Ashdod + +"the country surrounding Ashdod" or "near Ashdod" + +# Gurbaal + +This was a town in Arabia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meunites + +This is likely people who moved to that area from the kingdom of Maon near Mount Seir. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# his fame spread, even to the entrance of Egypt + +His fame spreading is a metaphor for people in various places learning about him. AT: "people who lived even as far away as the border of Egypt learned about the things he was doing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/09.md b/2ch/26/09.md index 63a42fbf82..37cfdba42d 100644 --- a/2ch/26/09.md +++ b/2ch/26/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Uzziah built towers -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +Here "Uzziah" represents the workers he had commanded to build the towers. AT: "Uzziah had his workers build towers" or "Uzziah's workers built towers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# He built watchtowers ... and dug many cisterns -* **cistern** - This is a large storage area for water such as rain. -* **Uzziah had much cattle in the lowlands as well as in the plains…farmers and vinegrowers in the hill country and in the fruitful fields** - AT: "Uzziah had people who farmed all of Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Uzziah commanded his workers, and they did these things. AT: "He had his workers build watchtowers ... and dig many cisterns" or "They built watchtowers ... and dug many cisterns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he had much cattle ... He had farmers ... he loved farming + +The word "he" refers to Uzziah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/11.md b/2ch/26/11.md index e04d09e52c..bee228e676 100644 --- a/2ch/26/11.md +++ b/2ch/26/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeiel ... Maaseiah, the officer ... Hananiah -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:authority|authority]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:commander|commander]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:scribe|scribe, expert in the Jewish law]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the leaders of the families who led the mighty men -* **Jeiel, the scribe, and Maaseiah, the officer, under the authority of Hananiah, one of the king’s commanders** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **2,600...307,500** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"the family leaders who led the mighty men" + +# 2,600 ... 307,500 + +"two thousand six hundred ... three hundred seven thousand five hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Under their hand was an army + +Here "their hand" represents their authority. AT: "Under their authority was an army" or "They commanded an army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/14.md b/2ch/26/14.md index a6fcdd3019..4665b64daf 100644 --- a/2ch/26/14.md +++ b/2ch/26/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Uzziah prepared for them -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:shield|shield]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:spear|spear]] +"Uzziah provided for them" -## translationNotes +# helmets -* **helmet** - This is a protective head covering. -* **coats of mail** - This is a covering for the body made of metal links or chains. +A helmet is a protective head covering. + +# coats of mail + +This is a covering for the body made of metal links or chains. + +# he built machines that were designed by skillful men + +Here "he built machines" represents Uzziah commanding his workers to build them. AT: "his workers built machines that were designed by skillful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the battlements + +These were the corners of the city walls where soldiers could fight from. + +# he was greatly helped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God greatly helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/16.md b/2ch/26/16.md index bd9e3be7ca..a8033a9ef1 100644 --- a/2ch/26/16.md +++ b/2ch/26/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his heart was lifted up -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:azariah|Azariah]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah|Uzziah, Azariah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here the heart being lifted up represents pride. AT: "he became proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# with him eighty priests of Yahweh, who were brave men -* **his heart was lifted up** - AT: "He became proud" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the sons of Aaron** - AT: "the descendants of Aaron" +The verb "went" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "with him went eighty priests of Yahweh, who were brave men" or "eighty priests of Yahweh, who were brave men, went with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# It is not for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to Yahweh + +"It is not right for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to Yahweh" or "Uzziah, you do not have the right to burn incense to Yahweh" + +# the sons of Aaron + +Here "sons" represents descendants. AT: "the descendants of Aaron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who are consecrated to burn incense + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has consecrated to burn incense" or "whom God has chosen to burn incense" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/19.md b/2ch/26/19.md index fe96b12d05..858d26d2c5 100644 --- a/2ch/26/19.md +++ b/2ch/26/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# censer -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests|chief priests]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy|leprosy, leper, leprous]] +This is a special pan or bowl used for burning incense. -## translationNotes +# behold, he had become leprous -* **censer** - This is a special pan or bowl used for burning incense. -* **They quickly drive him out of there.** - AT: "They quickly make him leave." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yahweh had struck him.** - AT: "Yahweh made him ill." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The word "behold" here shows that the priests were surprised by what they saw. + +# They quickly drove him out of there + +"They quickly forced him out of there" or "They quickly made him leave" + +# Yahweh had struck him + +This speaks of Yahweh making him sick as if Yahweh had hit him. AT: "Yahweh had made him ill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/21.md b/2ch/26/21.md index 328e240297..7094c52462 100644 --- a/2ch/26/21.md +++ b/2ch/26/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to the day of his death -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:jotham|Jotham]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"until he died" or "the rest of his life" -## translationNotes +# lived in a separate house -* **lived in a separate house** - This indicates that he lived away from other houses and other people. +This indicates that he lived away from other houses and other people. + +# he was cut off from the house of Yahweh + +Here being "cut off" from Yahweh's house represents being excluded from the temple. AT: "he was excluded from the house of Yahweh" or "he was not allowed to go to the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jotham, his son, was over the king's house + +Here being over something represents having responsibility or authority for it. AT: "Jotham, his son, was responsible for the king's house" or "Jotham, his son, was in charge of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the king's house + +This refers to the king's palace, which the king was no longer living in. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/22.md b/2ch/26/22.md index 6e27876384..2a3d7cd4e5 100644 --- a/2ch/26/22.md +++ b/2ch/26/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The other matters concerning Uzziah, from first to last, were recorded by the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah|Isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As for the other matters concerning Uzziah, from first to last, the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz recorded them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# from first to last -* **first and last** - AT: "everything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **son of Amoz** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **So Uzziah slept with his ancestors** - AT: "So Uzziah died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This phrase represents the whole time of Uzziah's reign. AT: "from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Amoz + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# So Uzziah slept with his ancestors + +This is polite way to say that he died. AT: "So Uzziah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they buried him with his ancestors + +"the people buried him near his ancestors" or "they buried him where his ancestors were buried" + +# Jotham, his son, became king in his place + +"Jotham, his son, became king after Uzziah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/intro.md b/2ch/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c697093edb --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 26 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Uzzah the leper ##### +Uzzah was powerful when he followed Yahweh. When he entered the temple to burn incense like a priest, God made him a leper. Lepers could not properly worship Yahweh because they were always unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/01.md b/2ch/27/01.md index 1674a85b76..ef23233e8e 100644 --- a/2ch/27/01.md +++ b/2ch/27/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-five years old ... sixteen years -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:jotham|Jotham]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah|Uzziah, Azariah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] -* [[en:tw:zadok|Zadok]] +"25 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Jerushah -* **Jerushah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] -* **in everything** - AT: "in the same way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Jotham's actions. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "He did what Yahweh judged to be right" or "He did what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in everything + +"in everything he did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/03.md b/2ch/27/03.md index 2131d26f69..6979571ada 100644 --- a/2ch/27/03.md +++ b/2ch/27/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He built the upper gate ... he built much ... he built cities ... he built castles and towers -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower|watchtower, tower]] +Since Jotham was king, he may have had his workers build these things. AT: "He had his workers build the upper gate ... he had his workers build many things ... he had his workers build cities ... he had his workers build castles and towers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the hill of Ophel -* **the hill of Ophel** - This is a hill in Jerusalem. +This is a hill in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/05.md b/2ch/27/05.md index 0905a77b01..152d4bb3c5 100644 --- a/2ch/27/05.md +++ b/2ch/27/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He fought also with the king of the people of Ammon -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:barley]] -* [[en:tw:barley|barley]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wheat|wheat]] +You may need to translate so that the reader understands that Jothan led his army to fight. AT: "He also led his army to fight with the king of the people of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# with the king of the people of Ammon -* **talent** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **measure** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **in the second and third years.** - AT: "in the second and third years after he defeated them." +You may need to translate so that the reader understands that the king of Ammon led his army to fight. AT: "with the king of Ammon and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# one hundred talents of silver + +You may convert this to a modern measure. A "talent" is equivalent to 33 kilograms. AT: "100 talents of silver" or "3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ten thousand measures of wheat + +You may convert this to a modern measure. The word translated here as "measure" is "cor" and is equivalent to 220 liters. AT: "10,000 measures of wheat" or "2,200 kiloliters of wheat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ten thousand measures of barley + +You may convert this to a modern measure. The word translated here as "measure" is "cor" and is equivalent to 220 liters. AT: "10,000 measures of barley" or "2,200 kiloliters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the second and third years + +"in the second and third years after he defeated them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/06.md b/2ch/27/06.md index bbcc8777cd..7c7c7062e1 100644 --- a/2ch/27/06.md +++ b/2ch/27/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he walked firmly before Yahweh his God -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:jotham|Jotham]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Jotham's actions and lifestyle are spoken of as if they were a path upon which he walked. That he walked firmly means that he was devoted to living in this way. AT: "he faithfully obeyed Yahweh his God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# his ways -* **he walked firmly before Yahweh his God** - AT: "he obeyed Yahweh without straying" or "he lived completely dedicated to Yahweh" (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah** - This is a book that no longer exists. +Jotham's actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which he walked. AT: "the things that he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# see + +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# they are written in the book + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they are in the book" or "you can read of them in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the book of the kings of Israel and Judah + +This is a book that no longer exists. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/08.md b/2ch/27/08.md index 3a94c1c002..7d097a88be 100644 --- a/2ch/27/08.md +++ b/2ch/27/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-five years old ... sixteen years -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:ahaz|Ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid|City of David]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] +"25 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Jotham slept with his ancestors -* **Jotham slept with his ancestors,** - AT: "Jotham died," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Jotham dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "Jotham died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they buried him + +"people buried him" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Jotham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/intro.md b/2ch/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..54b37e00ab --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust in Yahweh ##### +Jotham was able to conquer the people of Ammon because he obeyed the Lord. For Yahweh, trust in Yahweh is the key to victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/01.md b/2ch/28/01.md index 94a8b25638..bedf2c6ee0 100644 --- a/2ch/28/01.md +++ b/2ch/28/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty years old ... sixteen years -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:ahaz|Ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"20 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -* **He did not do what was right in the eyes of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] -* **he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel** - AT: "he sinned just like the kings of Israel before him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of Ahaz's actions. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "what Yahweh judged to be right" or "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel + +Walking represents behavior and actions. AT: "he acted the same way that the kings of Israel had acted" or "he did the things that the kings of Israel had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/03.md b/2ch/28/03.md index 63673e24ae..30caa9043c 100644 --- a/2ch/28/03.md +++ b/2ch/28/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the Valley of Ben Hinnom -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] +This is a valley in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# before the people of Israel -* **the Valley of Ben Hinnom** - This is a valley in Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **under every green tree** - AT: "everywhere" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The people of those nations fled as the people of Israel moved into the land. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "before the people of Israel who moved into the land" or "as the people of Israel moved into the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the high places and on the hills and under every green tree + +These are places where the people of the other nations worshiped their false gods. + +# under every green tree + +God wanted his people to offer sacrifices to him in Jerusalem. The word "every" here is an exaggeration to show how determined King Ahaz was to disobey God by offering sacrifices in many other places instead. AT: "under many green trees" or "under many green trees around the country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/05.md b/2ch/28/05.md index 1f54a1dedf..ae390992c0 100644 --- a/2ch/28/05.md +++ b/2ch/28/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh the God of Ahaz gave him into the hand of the king of Aram -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:ahaz|Ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:damascus|Damascus]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] +Here the metonym "hand" represents power. God enabling the army of the king of Aram to defeat Ahaz and his army is spoken of as if God had put Ahaz in the hand of the king of Aram. AT: "Yahweh the God of Ahaz enabled the king of Aram to defeat Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# carried away from him -* **Pekah, the son of Remaliah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"carried away from Ahaz." Here "him" represents Ahaz's army. AT: "carried away from Ahaz's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ahaz was also given into the hand of the king of Israel who defeated him + +Here the metonym "hand" represents power. God enabling the army of the king of Israel to defeat Ahaz and his army is spoken of as if God had put Ahaz in the hand of the king of Israel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh also enabled the king of Israel to defeat Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Pekah son of Remaliah + +This was the king of Israel. Both "Pekah" and "Remaliah" are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 120,000 soldiers + +"one hundred twenty thousand soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/07.md b/2ch/28/07.md index 03522df858..7e077998b0 100644 --- a/2ch/28/07.md +++ b/2ch/28/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Zicri ... Maaseiah ... Azrikam ... Elkanah -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:palace|palace]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# a powerful man -* ** Zicri, a powerful man from Ephraim, killed Maaseiah the king’s son, Azrikam, the official over the palace, and Elkanah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is an idiom that refers to a mighty warrior. AT: "a mighty warrior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who was next to the king + +This idiom means that this man was the king's assistant who was second in command. AT: "who was the king's second in command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The army of Israel took captive from their relatives + +"From their own relatives, the army of Israel took captive." The word "their" refers to the army of Israel. The narrator speaks of the people of Judah as the relatives of the people of Israel. + +# 200,000 wives, sons, and daughters + +"two hundred thousand wives, sons, and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/09.md b/2ch/28/09.md index 7f21ce5a96..431876ce2f 100644 --- a/2ch/28/09.md +++ b/2ch/28/09.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Oded -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# he gave them into your hand -* **Obed** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **he gave them into your hand** - AT: "he help you to defeat them" -* **But are you not guilty of sins of your own against Yahweh? - AT:** - AT:** "But you are guilty of sins of your own against Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the word "hand" represents power. God enabling the army of Israel to defeat the army of Judah is spoken of as if God had put the army of Judah in the hand of the army of Israel. AT: "God enabled you to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have slaughtered them in a rage that reached up to heaven + +Oded speaks of Yahweh knowing how severely the army of Israel slaughtered the army of Judah as if the rage with which the army of Israel slaughtered them were an object so large that it reached into heaven. That Yahweh knows what they have done implies that he will respond. AT: "you have slaughtered them in such great rage that Yahweh himself has noticed and will take vengeance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But are you not guilty of sins of your own against Yahweh your God? + +Oded asks this rhetorical question to rebuke the army of Israel and to emphasize the positive answer that the question anticipates. AT: "But you yourselves are guilty of sins of your own against Yahweh your God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yahweh's fierce wrath is on you + +Oded speaks of Yahweh being extremely angry with the Israelite army as if Yahweh's wrath were an object that were upon them. AT: "Yahweh is extremely angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/12.md b/2ch/28/12.md index fb261f9ed6..78d03a6789 100644 --- a/2ch/28/12.md +++ b/2ch/28/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Azariah son of Jehohanan, Berechiah son of Meshillemoth, Jehizkiah son of Shallum, and Amasa son of Hadlai -* [[en:tw:trespass]] -* [[en:tw:trespass|trespass]] +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# stood up against those who came back from the war -* **Azariah, the son of Johanan, Berechiah, the son of Meshillemoth, Jehizkiah, the son of Willum, and Amasa, the son of Hadlai** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The phrase "stood up against" is an idiom that means to confront or to oppose. AT: "confronted those who came back from the war" or "opposed those who came back from the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# something that will bring on us sin + +The leaders speak of doing something that will cause them to be guilty of sin as if it were sin were an object that the action brings upon them. AT: "something that will cause us to be guilty of sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is fierce wrath against Israel + +This phrase implies that it is Yahweh's fierce wrath that is against Israel. The words "fierce wrath" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "Yahweh is extremely angry with the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/14.md b/2ch/28/14.md index 287b8ec958..86668c23dc 100644 --- a/2ch/28/14.md +++ b/2ch/28/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The men who were assigned by name -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:sandal|sandal]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The men whom the leaders assigned by name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# sandals -* **sandals** - This is a type of shoe. -* **treated their wounds** - AT: "They gave them medical attention" -* **put the weak ones on donkeys** - AT: "gave donkeys to those unable to walk" +This is a type of shoe. + +# put the weak ones on donkeys + +"put the weak ones who were too weak to walk on donkeys" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/16.md b/2ch/28/16.md index f6f4ef93d0..af6dbb4e74 100644 --- a/2ch/28/16.md +++ b/2ch/28/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They took Beth Shemesh -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire, Asshur]] -* [[en:tw:bethshemesh]] -* [[en:tw:bethshemesh|Beth Shemesh]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:edom|Edom, Edomite, Idumea, Seir, Teman]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:negev|Negev]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] +Taking a city is an idiom that means to conquer or to capture the city. AT: "The Philistines captured Beth Shemesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soko ... Timnah ... Gimzo -* **Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco with its villages, Timnah with its villages, and also Gimzo** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/19.md b/2ch/28/19.md index 0c468611a0..3fccb1911c 100644 --- a/2ch/28/19.md +++ b/2ch/28/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh brought Judah low because of Ahaz -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:ahaz|Ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The metonym "Judah" represents the people of Judah. Yahweh humiliating the people is spoken of as if he physically brought Judah low to the ground. AT: "Yahweh humiliated the people of Judah because of Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# sinned against Yahweh very heavily -* **Yahweh brought Judah low because of Ahaz ** - AT: "Yahweh humbled Ahaz" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) ) -* **Tilgath Pileser** - This is Tilgath Pileser III, also known as Pul. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Ahaz sinning very much is spoken of as if sin were a very heavy object. AT: "sinned very greatly against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Tiglath-Pileser + +This is Tiglath-Pileser III, also known as Pul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# troubled him instead of strengthening him + +Helping Ahaz against his enemies is spoken of as if it were strengthening Ahaz. AT: "caused him trouble instead of helping him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/22.md b/2ch/28/22.md index a5c125a927..19643d2d0f 100644 --- a/2ch/28/22.md +++ b/2ch/28/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in his time of suffering -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:damascus|Damascus]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] -* [[en:tw:syria]] -* [[en:tw:syria|Syria]] +"when he was suffering" -## translationNotes +# the gods of Damascus -* **in his time of suffering** - AT: "when he was suffering" -* **will I sacrifice to them** - AT: "I will sacrifice to them" +The Syrians believed Damascus to be the city where their gods dwelt, much like Yahweh dwelt in Jerusalem. AT: "the gods whom the Syrians worshiped in Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# gods that had defeated him + +This expresses Ahaz's opinion. Because the Syrians had defeated him and his army, Ahaz attributed his defeat to the gods whom the Syrians worshiped. AT: "gods whom he believed had enabled the Syrian army to defeat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they were the ruin of him and of all Israel + +The word "ruin" can be translated with a verb. AT: "those gods ruined him and all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all Israel + +Here "Israel" represents the southern kingdom of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/24.md b/2ch/28/24.md index 3049cd0413..6fbcf4ef55 100644 --- a/2ch/28/24.md +++ b/2ch/28/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of God ... the house of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of God ... the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# in every corner of Jerusalem -* **furnishings - ** - **"furniture and other objects" -* **in every corner of Jerusalem** - AT: "in all of Jerusalem" +Possible meanings are 1) the word "corner" refers to street corners, or places where streets intersect. AT: "on every street corner in Jerusalem" or 2) the various parts of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were the corners of the city. AT: "in every part of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he made for himself altars ... he made high places to burn sacrifices + +Since Ahaz was king, he may have had his workers make these high places. AT: "he had his workers make altars for him ... he had his workers make high places to burn sacrifices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/26.md b/2ch/28/26.md index c5582cb123..59bb5dc3b6 100644 --- a/2ch/28/26.md +++ b/2ch/28/26.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# all his ways, first and last -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah|Hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb, grave, burial place]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +Ahaz's actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which he walked. The phrase "first and last" refers to those extremes and everything in between. AT: "all that he did from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# see -* **all his ways, first and last** - AT: "everything he did" -* **The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel** - This is a book that no longer exists. -* **Ahaz slept with his ancestors -** - ** "Ahaz died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# they are written in the book + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written them in the book" or "you can read of them in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the book of the kings of Judah and Israel + +This is a book that no longer exists. + +# Ahaz slept with his ancestors + +Ahaz dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "Ahaz died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they buried him + +"people buried him" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/intro.md b/2ch/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26850bd8ce --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King Ahaz's idolatry ##### + +Judah was defeated by all of the neighboring countries because King Ahaz was worshiping all sorts of foreign gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/01.md b/2ch/29/01.md index 67fbfc2b08..839266bfbe 100644 --- a/2ch/29/01.md +++ b/2ch/29/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-five years old ... twenty-nine years -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah|Hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot|Zechariah (OT)]] +"25 years old ... 29 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Abijah -* **Abijah** - This is a woman's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]]. +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The word "eyes" here represents seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Hezekiah's actions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md). AT: "what Yahweh judged to be right" or "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/03.md b/2ch/29/03.md index fa797083fb..14d87d55d6 100644 --- a/2ch/29/03.md +++ b/2ch/29/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in the first month -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard, court]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace|holy place, most holy place]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Yahweh -* **in the first month** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **carry away the filthiness** - AT: "remove uncleanliness" or "remove the dirtiness" +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hezekiah opened the doors ... and repaired them + +Since Hezekiah was king, he may have had his workers do these things. AT: "Hezekiah ordered his workers to open the doors ... and to repair them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on the east side + +This refers to the east side of the temple. AT: "on the east side of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# carry away the filthiness from the holy place + +The word "filthiness" refers to things that the people had used to worship other gods. The narrator speaks of these things making the temple unacceptable to Yahweh as if they were physically dirty. AT: "remove the things that defile the holy place" or "remove the things that make the holy place unacceptable to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/06.md b/2ch/29/06.md index b4630cad30..68f8ef15e7 100644 --- a/2ch/29/06.md +++ b/2ch/29/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh our God -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] -* [[en:tw:trespass|trespass]] +The word "sight" here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of their ancestors' actions. AT: "what Yahweh our God judged to be evil" or "what Yahweh our God considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# turned away their faces from the place where Yahweh lives, and turned their backs on it -* **did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:21:06]] -* **where Yahweh lives** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:18:12]] +These two phrases share similar meanings. The words "faces" and "backs" represent the people who turned so that their faces were away from the temple and their backs were towards it. AT: "turned away from the place where Yahweh lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# turned away their faces from the place where Yahweh lives, and turned their backs on it + +Rejecting Yahweh and no longer worshiping him is spoken of as if the people had turned away from the temple. AT: "abandoned Yahweh's temple and stopped worshiping him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the place where Yahweh lives + +This refers to the temple. AT: "the temple where Yahweh lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/08.md b/2ch/29/08.md index a4f5a949c2..7027a803e9 100644 --- a/2ch/29/08.md +++ b/2ch/29/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the wrath of Yahweh had fallen on Judah and Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +Here the words "Judah and Jerusalem" refer to the people who live there. Hezekiah speaks of Yahweh being angry with the people and punishing them as if his wrath were an object that fell upon them. AT: "because Yahweh was angry, he had punished the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# an object of terror, of horror, and of scorn -* **terror, of horror, and of scorn** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **as you can see with your own eyes** - AT: "as you can see for yourselves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **This is why our fathers have fallen by the sword ** - AT: "This is why our fathers have been killed in war." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "something that terrifies and horrifies people, and something that people scorn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# as you can see with your own eyes + +The phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the people can see this for themselves without others having to tell them about it. AT: "as you can see for yourselves" + +# our fathers have fallen by the sword + +The idiom "fallen by the sword" means to die in battle. The word "sword" represents the soldiers, who used swords as their primary weapons. AT: "our fathers have died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/10.md b/2ch/29/10.md index ef76c58ff9..1316edef7e 100644 --- a/2ch/29/10.md +++ b/2ch/29/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# it is in my heart -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Here the word "heart" represents the thoughts and intentions. Hezekiah speaks of deciding to do something as if that thing were in his heart. AT: "it is my intention" or "I have decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# his fierce anger may turn away from us -* **his fierce anger may turn away from us** - AT: "he may not act on his anger toward us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Hezekiah speaks of Yahweh no longer being angry with them as if Yahweh's anger were a person who turns away from them AT: "he may no longer be angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to stand before him + +Possible meanings are 1) "to stand in his presence" or 2) this is an idiom that means to serve a person of high rank. AT: "to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/12.md b/2ch/29/12.md index 932f30ee11..83ee994dbc 100644 --- a/2ch/29/12.md +++ b/2ch/29/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:azariah|Azariah]] -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:eden|Eden, garden of Eden]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +These verses list the names of the Levites who began to do the work that Hezekiah had ordered them to do. These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the Levites arose -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +Here the word "arose" is an idiom that means that the Levites began to act. AT: "the Levites began to work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/15.md b/2ch/29/15.md index 96b7cfd067..c5e1d73fe7 100644 --- a/2ch/29/15.md +++ b/2ch/29/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# following the words of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard, court]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This phrase shows that the king gave his command in obedience to the word of Yahweh. AT: "in obedience to the word of Yahweh" or "because of what Yahweh had said" -## translationNotes +# to cleanse the house of Yahweh -* **brook Kidron** - A smallbody of water that flows on the east side of Jerusalem. At times it was used as a trash dump (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the first day of the first month to consecrate the house, and on the eighth day of the month they came to the porch of Yahweh. They sanctified the house of Yahweh in eight days; on the sixteenth day of the first month they finished** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) +A place that is fit to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Yahweh ... the courtyard of the house + +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh ... the courtyard of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they brought out all the filth that they found in the temple of Yahweh + +The word "filth" refers to things that the people had used to worship other gods. The narrator speaks of these things making the temple unacceptable to Yahweh as if they were physically dirty. AT: "they brought out all the defiled things that they found in the temple of Yahweh" or "they brought out all the things that they found in the temple of Yahweh that made it unacceptable to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brook Kidron + +A small body of water that flows on the east side of Jerusalem. At times it was used as a trash dump. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the first day of the first month + +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day marks the day when Yahweh brought the people out of Egypt. This is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the eighth day of the month + +This is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# they reached the porch of Yahweh + +The phrase "the porch of Yahweh" refers to the porch of the temple. "They reached" means that they began to cleanse this section. AT: "they had begun to cleanse the porch of Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sixteenth day of the first month + +This is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/18.md b/2ch/29/18.md index e45a73a6cf..7e322b4261 100644 --- a/2ch/29/18.md +++ b/2ch/29/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the bread of the presence -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah|Hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify|sanctify, sanctification]] +This is a reference to the 12 loaves of bread that were placed in front of the altar. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 2:4](../02/04.md). -## translationNotes +# See -* **during his reign** - AT: "during the time when he reigned" +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/20.md b/2ch/29/20.md index e7eb7d1a81..ad515802fc 100644 --- a/2ch/29/20.md +++ b/2ch/29/20.md @@ -1,22 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull, cattle]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this passage. +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/22.md b/2ch/29/22.md index 60601d4130..5909aaa4a0 100644 --- a/2ch/29/22.md +++ b/2ch/29/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they killed the bulls, and the priests received the blood -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +"the priests killed the bulls and took the blood" -## translationNotes +# they laid their hands on them -* There are no notes for this passage. +"the king and people in the assembly laid their hands on them" + +# that a burnt offering and a sin offering should be made for all Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the priests should make a burnt offering and a sin offering for all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/25.md b/2ch/29/25.md index 4cbe994e82..b3b05fe47b 100644 --- a/2ch/29/25.md +++ b/2ch/29/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gad|Gad]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:lute|lute, lyre]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:nathan|Nathan]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# cymbals -* There are no notes for this passage. +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:12](../05/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# arranging them by the command of David, Gad, the king's seer, and Nathan, the prophet + +The word "command" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "arranging the Levites as David, Gad, the king's seer, and Nathan, the prophet had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for the command was from Yahweh by means of his prophets + +The word "command" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "for Yahweh had commanded this through his prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/27.md b/2ch/29/27.md index 1a37eba612..3f0115fd1b 100644 --- a/2ch/29/27.md +++ b/2ch/29/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the song of Yahweh began also -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +The phrase "the song of Yahweh" refers to people singing a song to Yahweh. AT: "the people began to sing a song to Yahweh also" -## translationNotes +# until the burnt offering was finished -* There are no notes for this passage +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until the priests finished offering the burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/29.md b/2ch/29/29.md index 1d31fe7302..adc300af72 100644 --- a/2ch/29/29.md +++ b/2ch/29/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# When they had finished the offerings -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +"When the priests had finished the offerings" -## translationNotes +# bowed and worshiped -* There are no notes for this passage. +The object of worship may be supplied in translation. AT: "bowed and worshiped Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/31.md b/2ch/29/31.md index 1c2066bf5a..a0ef4d1260 100644 --- a/2ch/29/31.md +++ b/2ch/29/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# thank offerings -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] +These were offerings of thanksgiving. -## translationNotes +# the house of Yahweh -* **thank offering** - This was a offering of thanksgiving. -* **who had a willing heart** - AT: "who desired" +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who had a willing heart + +Here the word "heart" represents the person who was willing. AT: "who were willing" or "who desired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/32.md b/2ch/29/32.md index 596683a33f..e056e57524 100644 --- a/2ch/29/32.md +++ b/2ch/29/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# seventy bulls, one hundred rams, and two hundred male lambs ... six hundred oxen and three thousand sheep -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull, cattle]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] - -## translationNotes - -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] +"70 bulls, 100 rams, and 200 male lambs ... 600 oxen and 3,000 sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/34.md b/2ch/29/34.md index c8cc1afa43..44ba369b60 100644 --- a/2ch/29/34.md +++ b/2ch/29/34.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to skin all the burnt offerings -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"to remove the skins from all the burn offerings" -## translationNotes +# until the work was done -* **were more careful to consecrate themselves** - AT: "were more careful to follow the rules for purifying themselves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until they had finished the work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# until the priests could consecrate themselves + +Since there were some priests who were already consecrated, this implies that more priests consecrated themselves. AT: "until more of the priests could consecrate themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# had been more careful to consecrate themselves + +There were enough Levites to do this work because they had been careful to consecrate themselves. This implies that the reason that there were not enough priests was because the priests were not careful to consecrate themselves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/35.md b/2ch/29/35.md index 664403796b..e425109543 100644 --- a/2ch/29/35.md +++ b/2ch/29/35.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they were performed with the fat of the fellowship offerings -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering|fellowship offering, peace offering]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priests performed the burnt offerings with the fat of the fellowship offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the service of the house of Yahweh was set in order -* **they were performed with the fat of the fellowship offerings** - AT: "the priests burned the fat of the accompanying animals that were sacrificed to maintain good fellowship with Yahweh; " (UDB) -* **set in order** - AT: "reestablished by the priests according to the rules " +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hezekiah set the service of the house of Yahweh in order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the house of Yahweh + +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# was set in order + +This idiom means that something is organized. Here it refers to the priestly service beginning in the temple again. AT: "was restored" or "began again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the work had been done quickly + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people had done the work quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/intro.md b/2ch/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..17d705996b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of King Hezekiah. (2 Chronicles 29-32) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cleansing the temple ##### + +King Hezekiah was a great king. He cleaned and rededicated the temple. This was a sign that he wanted the people to return to worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/01.md b/2ch/30/01.md index 328235bd03..2ef827a83a 100644 --- a/2ch/30/01.md +++ b/2ch/30/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel and Judah -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This represents the nation of Israel in general. Earlier the nation had been split into two kingdoms called by these names. -## translationNotes +# Ephraim and Manasseh -* **second month** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **the priests had not consecrated themselves in sufficient number** - AT: "there were not enough consecrated priests" +Ephraim and Manasseh were two of the tribes in the northern part of Israel. Here the phrase "Ephraim and Manasseh" refers to the people who belonged to all ten of the northern tribes of Israel. AT: "the northern tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# deciding to celebrate the Passover in the second month + +The Israelites normally celebrated the passover during the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first month is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. + +# second month + +This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/04.md b/2ch/30/04.md index 3fde538835..3f50b0e42f 100644 --- a/2ch/30/04.md +++ b/2ch/30/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This proposal -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +This refers to the proposal to celebrate the Passover in the second month instead of in the first month. -## translationNotes +# in the eyes of the king and of all the assembly -* **in the eyes of** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] -* **Beersheba to Dan** - AT: "all the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the judgment of the king and all the assembly" or "to the the king and all the assembly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from Beersheba to Dan + +These are the most southern and most northern parts of Israel. By referring to them this way, the writer emphasizes that all of Israel was included. AT: "from Beersheba in the south to Dan in the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# according to what was written + +"as it was written that they should do." It is implied that it was written that they should observe the Passover with large numbers of people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Moses had written that they should observe it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/06.md b/2ch/30/06.md index c8e797270c..3e6b644d90 100644 --- a/2ch/30/06.md +++ b/2ch/30/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# couriers -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +"messengers" -## translationNotes +# all Israel and Judah -* **couriers** - This was a person who carried a message. +The tribe of Judah was the largest of the tribes of Israel and was in the southern part of Israel. Here the phrase "Israel and Judah" refers to the people who belonged to the southern tribes of Israel. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 30:1](./01.md). AT: "the southern tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# turn back to Yahweh + +Here "turn back to Yahweh" represents submitting to him again. AT: "submit again to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that he may turn back to the remnant of you + +Here "turn back to the remnant" represents protecting the remnant again. AT: "so that he may again protect the remnant of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who have escaped from the hand of the kings of Assyria + +The word "hand" often represents power or authority. Here it represents the kings' cruel authority to force people to go to other countries. AT: "who have escaped from the power of the kings of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/07.md b/2ch/30/07.md index e475929a50..950e219ed7 100644 --- a/2ch/30/07.md +++ b/2ch/30/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:face]] +This is a continuation of King Hezekiah's message to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# your brothers -* ** he gave them up to destruction** - AT: "he caused them to be destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* ** give yourselves to Yahweh** - AT: "obey Yahweh" or dedicate yourself to Yahweh" +Here "brothers" represents other people of Israel. AT: "your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he made them an object of horror + +The abstract noun "horror" can be expressed with the words "horrified" or "horrible." The author writes of what God did to their ancestors in terms of how other people would react when the saw what God did. AT: "he made them something that people would be horrified to see" or "he punished them horribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# give yourselves to Yahweh + +This represents submitting to Yahweh. AT: "submit to Yahweh" or "dedicate yourselves to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# come into his holy place + +Here "his holy place" refers to God's temple in Jerusalem. AT: "come to his temple in Jerusalem for it is holy" or "come to his temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that his fierce anger may turn away from you + +The author writes of anger as if it were a person that can turn away from people. God's anger turning away from them represents him no longer being angry with them. AT: "so that he will no longer be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# if you turn back to Yahweh + +Here "turn back to Yahweh" represents submitting to him again. AT: "if you submit again to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your brothers and children will find compassion before those who led them away as prisoners + +Here "find compassion" is a metaphor for experiencing compassion. Finding it "before those who led them" means those who led them away will show them compassion. AT: "your brothers and children will experience compassion from those who led them away as prisoners" or "those who led your brothers and children away as prisoners will be kind to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not turn his face away from you + +Here "turn his face away from you" represents rejecting them and refusing to protect them. AT: "will not reject you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if you return to him + +Here "return to him" represents submitting to God again. AT: "if you submit again to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/10.md b/2ch/30/10.md index dbce3453a5..ed85b7735a 100644 --- a/2ch/30/10.md +++ b/2ch/30/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Ephraim and Manasseh were two of the tribes in the northern part of Israel. Here the phrase "Ephraim and Manasseh" refers to the people who belonged to all ten of the northern tribes of Israel. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 30:1](./01.md). AT: "the regions of the northern tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# all the way to Zebulun -* There are no notes for this passage. +Zebulun was one of the tribes farthest in the north of Israel, but there were three other tribes that reached farther north. + +# The hand of God also came on Judah + +Here "the hand of God" represents his guidance as if he were guiding them with his hand. AT: "God guided the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to give them one heart + +Having "one heart" represents being united and agreeing. AT: "causing them to agree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to carry out the command + +Here "carry out the command" is an idiom meaning to do what was commanded. AT: "to obey the command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the command of the king and leaders by the word of Yahweh + +The phrase "by the word of Yahweh" shows that the king and leaders gave their command in obedience to the word of Yahweh. AT: "the command that the king and leaders gave them in obedience to the word of Yahweh" or "what the king and the leaders commanded because of what Yahweh had said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/13.md b/2ch/30/13.md index 760b5e1280..b360faebfc 100644 --- a/2ch/30/13.md +++ b/2ch/30/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the second month -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# They rose and took away the altars -* **brook Kidron** - This was a small stream of water in the Kidron Valley. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **fourteenth day** - See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday]] +Here "They rose" means that they started to work at taking away the altars. AT: "They began to work and took away the altars" or "They took away the altars" + +# the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the altars for incense + +These two phrases refer to altars that people had built to false gods. + +# the brook Kidron + +This was a small stream of water in the Kidron Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the fourteenth day of the second month + +This is near the beginning of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/16.md b/2ch/30/16.md index 578f3dff43..25d63d44a6 100644 --- a/2ch/30/16.md +++ b/2ch/30/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They stood in their place by their divisions -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +"They stood in their appointed places" -## translationNotes +# the blood that they received from the hand of the Levites -* **They stood in their place by their divisions** - AT: "They stood in their appointed places" -* **slaughtering the Passover lambs** - AT: "ritually killed the lambs for Passover" +This refers to the blood of the lambs that the Levites killed. Here "received from the hand of the Levites" is a metonym for the Levites giving the blood to the priests. AT: "the blood that they received from the Levites" or "the lambs' blood that the Levites gave to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Passover lambs + +"the lambs for the Passover" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/18.md b/2ch/30/18.md index 11f9132ff7..91d181e64e 100644 --- a/2ch/30/18.md +++ b/2ch/30/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Ephraim and Manasseh, Issachar and Zebulun -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +These are the names of some of the tribes that lived in the northern part of Israel. See how you translated "Zebulun" in [2 Chronicles 30:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# against the written instructions -* There are no notes for this chunk +To do something "against" instructions means to do something that is not in obedience to the instructions. If needed, the instructions can be stated clearly. AT: "even though the written instructions said that they must purify themselves first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the good Yahweh + +The word "good" here is a reminder to the people that Yahweh is kind. AT: "Yahweh, who is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# everyone who sets his heart to seek God + +Here "sets his heart" is a metaphor for being determined to do something, and "to seek God" is a metaphor for knowing, worshiping, and obeying him. AT: "everyone who is determined to obey God" or "everyone who truly wants to honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So Yahweh listened to Hezekiah + +This implies that Yahweh responded favorably to Hezekiah. AT: "So Yahweh responded favorably to Hezekiah" or "So Yahweh did what Hezekiah asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# healed the people + +Here "healed the people" is a metaphor for forgiving the people and not punishing them. AT: "forgave the people" or "did not punish the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/21.md b/2ch/30/21.md index ee1a1816e9..b581589121 100644 --- a/2ch/30/21.md +++ b/2ch/30/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# kept the Festival of Unleavened Bread -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Here "kept the festival" is a idiom meaning to participate in the festival or celebrate the festival. AT: "celebrate the festival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# singing with loud instruments to Yahweh -* **instruments** - This is a reference to musical instruments. +"singing and playing loud musical instruments to Yahweh" + +# who understood the service of Yahweh + +This was the reason that he spoke encouragingly to them. AT: "because they understood the service of Yahweh" or "because they served Yahweh skillfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# So they ate throughout the festival + +The word "they" refers to the people of Israel. + +# making confession to Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) "confession" here refers to saying that God is great. AT: "praising Yahweh" or 2) "confession" here refers to admitting their sins. AT: "confessing their sins to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/23.md b/2ch/30/23.md index baee6e76c1..9850a2a5be 100644 --- a/2ch/30/23.md +++ b/2ch/30/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Hezekiah ... gave the assembly ... bulls and ... sheep as an offering -* [[en:tw:cow]] +Hezekiah gave the animals to the people as an offering to the Lord for the people to eat. -## translationNotes +# one thousand bulls ... seven thousand sheep ... one thousand bulls ... ten thousand sheep and goats -* There are no notes for this passage. +"1,000 bulls ... 7,000 sheep ... 1,000 bulls ... 10,000 sheep and goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/25.md b/2ch/30/25.md index 6272d7e08b..9c21cf64e2 100644 --- a/2ch/30/25.md +++ b/2ch/30/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# All the assembly of Judah -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] +Here "Judah" probably refers to the southern tribes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# all the people who came together from Israel -* There are no notes for this passage. +Here "Israel" probably refers to the northern tribes of Israel. The people are members of those tribes. They came to Jerusalem, which is in Judah. AT: "all the people who came together from Israel in the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the foreigners who came from the land of Israel + +Here "the land of Israel" probably refers to the land owned by the northern tribes of Israel. AT: "the foreigners who came from the land of Israel in the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who lived in Judah + +Here "Judah" probably refers to the land owned by the southern tribes of Israel. AT: "the foreigners who lived in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# since the time of Solomon son of David, king of Israel + +"since the time when Solomon son of David ruled as king of Israel" or "since the Passover Festival that the people held when Solomon son of David was king of Israel" + +# there had not been anything like it in Jerusalem + +"there had not been any Passover Festival in Jerusalem like this Passover Festival" + +# Their voice was heard ... their prayer went up to heaven, the holy place where God lives + +These two phrases mean the same thing and imply that God responded favorably to their prayer. AT: "God responded favorably to their prayer, which he heard in heaven, the holy place where he lives" or "God, who lives in the holy heaven, heard their prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Their voice was heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God heard their voice" or "God heard what they said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their prayer went up to heaven + +Their prayer going up to heaven represents God in heaven paying attention to them praying on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/intro.md b/2ch/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd761c0934 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Hezekiah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Passover ##### +Hezekiah invited everyone in Judah and in Israel to come to Jerusalem and celebrate the Passover. It had not been celebrated since King Solomon's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/01.md b/2ch/31/01.md index 5f60bcc95e..5dec619059 100644 --- a/2ch/31/01.md +++ b/2ch/31/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# who were there -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] +"who were in Jerusalem" -## translationNotes +# to his own possession -* **all the people of Israel returned** - It is possible to take this as [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]. AT: "almost all of Israel"" +Here "possession" means possessions in general. AT: "to his own property" or "to his own home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/02.md b/2ch/31/02.md index b09c458684..833da6cf2f 100644 --- a/2ch/31/02.md +++ b/2ch/31/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Hezekiah assigned the divisions of the priests and the Levites organized by their divisions, each man assigned to his work, both the priests and the Levites -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hezekiah organized the priests and the Levites into groups. He assigned each priest and Levite to their duties" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# assigned the king's portion for the burnt offerings from his own possessions -* **assigned the king’s portion for the burnt offerings from his own possessions** - Hezekiah took the meat and grain used for the burnt offerings out of his own possessions. -* **new moons** - This was a festival coinciding with the movement of the moon. -* **the fixed festivals** - This references festivals which occur on specific dates. +Hezekiah took the meat and grain used for the burnt offerings out of his own possessions. + +# the new moons + +This was a festival coinciding with the movement of the moon. + +# the fixed festivals + +This refers to festivals which occur on specific dates. + +# as it was written in the law of Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as Moses wrote in the law of Yahweh" or "just as Yahweh commanded in his law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/04.md b/2ch/31/04.md index 774a07a86a..27ad959630 100644 --- a/2ch/31/04.md +++ b/2ch/31/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# As soon as the command was sent out -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This can stated in active form. AT: "As soon as the people heard the command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a tithe of everything -* **the tithe of all things brought they in abundantly** - AT: "They brought a lot from a tenth from everything" +"a tenth of all their crops" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/06.md b/2ch/31/06.md index de7d33589e..ac0a64b74f 100644 --- a/2ch/31/06.md +++ b/2ch/31/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# third month -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. It is at the end of the harvest season and the beginning of the dry season. It is during the last part of May and the first part of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# seventh month -* **laid them in heaps** - AT: "put them in big piles" -* **third month...seventh month** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **Israel** - The first reference to Israel is to the kingdom of Israel and the second reference to Israel is to the nation of Israel. +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is during the early rain season, which would soften the land for sowing. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/09.md b/2ch/31/09.md index e69c572c25..a2d4b68a6d 100644 --- a/2ch/31/09.md +++ b/2ch/31/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# of the house of Zadok -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Here "house" represents a family or descendants. AT: "a descendant of Zadok" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# What was left over is this large amount here -* **What was left over is this large amount here** - The chief priest would have been pointing to a large pile. +The chief priest would have been pointing to the large heaps. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/11.md b/2ch/31/11.md index 5020eb45f9..3f483b0068 100644 --- a/2ch/31/11.md +++ b/2ch/31/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hezekiah commanded storerooms to be prepared -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hezekiah commanded the priests and Levites to prepare storerooms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Konaniah ... Shimei ... Jehiel, Azaziah, Nahath, Asahel, Jerimoth, Jozabad, Eliel, Ismakiah, Mahath, and Benaiah -* **Conaniah, the Levite, was the manager in charge of them, and Shimei, his brother, was second to him. Jehiel, Azaziah, Nahath, Asahel, Jerimoth, Jozabad, Eliel, Ismachiah, Mahath, and Benaiah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# were managers under the hand of Konaniah and Shimei his brother + +Here "hand" represents power or control. The phrase "under the hand" is an idiom that means to be under someone's authority. AT: "were managers whom Konaniah and Shimei his brother supervised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the official over the house of God + +Here "over" is an idiom that means to be in charge of. AT: "the official in charge of everyone who served in the house of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/14.md b/2ch/31/14.md index 5835574ca4..29efe489dc 100644 --- a/2ch/31/14.md +++ b/2ch/31/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Kore son of Imnah ... Eden, Miniamin, Jeshua, Shemaiah, Amariah, and Shecaniah -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the porter at the east gate -* **Kore, the son of Imnah...Eden, Miniamin, Jeshua, Shemaiah, Amariah, and Shecaniah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Under him** - AT: "under his authority" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **both the important and the unimportant** - AT: "everyone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"the gatekeeper at the east gate of the temple" + +# Under him were Eden ... in the cities of the priests + +Here "under" is an idiom that means to be under someone's authority. AT: "Eden ... assisted Kore in the cities of the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They filled offices of trust, in order to give + +"Their duty was to give" or "They faithfully gave" + +# to their brothers + +Here "brothers" is a metaphor for "fellow priests." AT: "to their fellow priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# division by division + +"group by group" + +# to both the important and the unimportant + +Here "important" and "unimportant" are used together to mean "everyone." AT: "to everyone, including the important and the unimportant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the important and the unimportant + +This seems to imply the old and the young. This can be restated to removed the nominal adjectives. AT: "those who are old and those who are young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/16.md b/2ch/31/16.md index 63583b49f3..cd1535409d 100644 --- a/2ch/31/16.md +++ b/2ch/31/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They also gave +It is understood that they gave the freewill offerings. AT: "They also gave freewill offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# three years old and up -* **three years old and up** - AT: "three years old and older" -* **genealogy** - This is a history of a family showing how the members of the family are related to each other. -* **as required by the daily schedule** - AT: "as is required every day" +"three years old and older" + +# who were listed in the records + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose names were in the records" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as required by the daily schedule, to do the work in their offices and their divisions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to do the daily work that they were supposed to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/17.md b/2ch/31/17.md index 8a5255fbaa..8d09450800 100644 --- a/2ch/31/17.md +++ b/2ch/31/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They distributed -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +It is understood they distributed the freewill offerings. AT: "They distributed freewill offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty years old and more -* There are no notes for this passage. +"20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# there were men assigned by name to give portions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there were men responsible for giving portions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to all who were listed in the records + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to all whose names were in the records" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/20.md b/2ch/31/20.md index 4f1ef1222a..8d924bd978 100644 --- a/2ch/31/20.md +++ b/2ch/31/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to seek his God -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Seeking Yahweh represents choosing to know, worship, and obey him. AT: "to obey his God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he performed it with all his heart -* There are no notes for this passage. +Here the word "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. AT: "he performed it with all his will" or "he was completely committed to what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/intro.md b/2ch/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ef2169b3cf --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Hezekiah continues in this chapter. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +To express Hezekiah's desire to please God, the author uses two idioms "to seek God" and "with all his heart." This means that he really wanted to do what God wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/01.md b/2ch/32/01.md index 9aec41415f..8bede4b5d2 100644 --- a/2ch/32/01.md +++ b/2ch/32/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# After these things and these acts of faithfulness -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire, Asshur]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:sennacherib]] -* [[en:tw:sennacherib|Sennacherib]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully." AT: "After Hezekiah faithfully did all the things Yahweh commanded him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Sennacherib, king of Assyria, came ... He camped -* **these acts of faithfulness** - These acts were done by Hezekiah. +Here Sennacherib represents his army. AT: "Sennacherib, king of Assyria, and his army came ... They camped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# came and entered Judah + +Here "came" can be stated as "went." AT: "went and entered Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/02.md b/2ch/32/02.md index f2491dcdda..45a86b7eac 100644 --- a/2ch/32/02.md +++ b/2ch/32/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# that Sennacherib had come and that he intended -* [[en:tw:water]] +Here Sennacherib also represents his army. AT: "that Sennacherib and his army had come and that they intended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# to fight against Jerusalem -* **to stop up the waters of the springs that were outside the city** - They closed the springs that were outside the city so that people did not have access to water. -* **Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water?** - The kings of Assyria should not come and find a lot of water. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people there. AT: "to fight against the people of Jerusalem" or "to fight against the army of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to stop up the waters of the springs that were outside the city + +The people of the city would fill up wells and fountain springs with earth and rocks, hiding the water from the Assyrians, but the people would cause the water to flow into the city through secret pathways. + +# Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water? + +The people use a rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not want the kings of Assyria to find their water. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We do not want the kings of Assyria to come here and find a lot of water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the kings of Assyria + +Possible meanings for "kings" are 1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. AT: "the king of Assyria" or 2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. AT: "the king and the other leaders of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/05.md b/2ch/32/05.md index 5066fef680..19a81ee1dc 100644 --- a/2ch/32/05.md +++ b/2ch/32/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Hezekiah took courage and built up ... He built ... He also ... he made +The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Hezekiah took courage and commanded the people to build up ... They built ... They also ... they made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Hezekiah took courage and built up -* **took courage** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:15:08]] -* **Hezekiah took courage and built up** - At: - "Hezekiah encouraged himself and the people to build up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **he raised it up to the towers** - AT: "they built it all the way up, including towers" -* **the Millo** - This is a part of the wall that gives it strength. +Possible meanings are 1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word "by." AT: "Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up" or 2) he became encouraged. AT: "Hezekiah became encouraged and built up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# the Millo + +This is a part of the wall on the north side of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/06.md b/2ch/32/06.md index d634f7c2f6..6d40b60d69 100644 --- a/2ch/32/06.md +++ b/2ch/32/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He placed military commanders over the people -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The idiom "place over" means to put in charge of. "He put military commanders in charge of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# for someone is with us who is greater than those with him -* **for someone is with us who is greater than those with him** - AT: "for our God is with us and is more powerful than them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **an arm of flesh** - AT: "human power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"for our God is with us and is more powerful than those with the king of Assyria" + +# is only an arm of flesh + +Here "arm" represents strength, and "flesh" represents humanity. AT: "are only those with human power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/09.md b/2ch/32/09.md index 7192c6b0d7..c7e43f43ce 100644 --- a/2ch/32/09.md +++ b/2ch/32/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# now he was ... with him -* [[en:tw:send]] +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about the location of Sennacherib and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Lachish -* **Lachish** - This was a city in Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **What are you relying on in order to endure a siege in Jerusalem** - AT: "You are not able to endure a siege in Jerusalem." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This was a city in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# What are you relying on in order to endure a siege in Jerusalem? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think about their situation. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are not able to endure a siege in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/11.md b/2ch/32/11.md index 3c74284150..1fe4f9cc7a 100644 --- a/2ch/32/11.md +++ b/2ch/32/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Is not Hezekiah misleading you ... king of Assyria'? -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Hezekiah is misleading you ... king of Assyria.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# that he may give you over to die by famine and by thirst -* **Is not Hezekiah misleading you** - AT: "Hezekiah is misleading you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Has not this same Hezekiah taken away** - AT: "This same Hezekiah has taken away" +"so that you will die from lack of food and water" + +# from the hand of the king of Assyria + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from the power of the king of Assyria" or "from the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Has not this same Hezekiah taken away ... sacrifices'? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is the same Hezekiah who has taken away ... sacrifices.'" or "Hezekiah has taken away ... sacrifices.'" + +# commanded Judah and Jerusalem + +Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" represent the people who live there. AT: "commanded the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/13.md b/2ch/32/13.md index 073ef2cee6..356ef90ca2 100644 --- a/2ch/32/13.md +++ b/2ch/32/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you not know what ... lands? -* [[en:tw:deceive]] +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know very well what ... lands!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Were the gods ... power? -* This passage is a series of [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]. +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "There was no god ... power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Among all the gods ... was there any god who ... hand? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "There was no god among all the gods ... who ... hand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# out of my hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from my power" or "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why should your God be able ... power? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no reason your God should be able ... power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Now + +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# How much less will your God rescue you from my hand? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your God will certainly not be able to rescue you from my hand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/16.md b/2ch/32/16.md index d554de43be..d0ab91e30f 100644 --- a/2ch/32/16.md +++ b/2ch/32/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# out of my hand -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this passage. +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from my power" or "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/18.md b/2ch/32/18.md index 784ee748ec..7443f7d92c 100644 --- a/2ch/32/18.md +++ b/2ch/32/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They cried out -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"Sennacherib's servants shouted loudly" -## translationNotes +# to frighten them and trouble them -* **They spoke of the God of Jerusalem as they had spoken of the gods of the other peoples of the earth** - AT: "They mocked the God of Jerusalem" See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] ) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. AT: "to make them very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they might capture + +"the Assyrian army might capture" + +# They spoke of the God of Jerusalem as they had spoken of the gods of the other peoples of the earth + +"They mocked the God of Jerusalem as they had mocked the gods of the other peoples of the earth" + +# which are merely the work of men's hands + +This emphasizes that humans made these idols with their own hands and are therefore worthless. AT: "which are merely idols that men have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/20.md b/2ch/32/20.md index 228c09ce06..1d483d8905 100644 --- a/2ch/32/20.md +++ b/2ch/32/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# cried out to heaven +Here "heaven" represents Yahweh. AT: "cried to Yahweh for help" or "pleaded to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# shame-faced -* **cried out to heaven** - AT: "pleaded to God" -* **shame-faced** - faced** - AT: "embarrassed" or "shamed" -* **the house of his god** - AT: "the temple of his god" +"embarrassed" or "ashamed" + +# the house of his god + +"the temple of his god" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/22.md b/2ch/32/22.md index 18d6939a34..c61f9f4043 100644 --- a/2ch/32/22.md +++ b/2ch/32/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# from the hand of Sennacherib ... from the hand of all others -* [[en:tw:gift]] +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from the power of Sennacherib ... from the power of all others" or "from Sennacherib ... from all others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# gave them rest on every side -* **guided them in every way** - AT: "guided them in everything they did as a nationt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] ) -* **in the sight of all nations** - AT: "so that all the surrounding people-groups knew" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The abstract noun "rest" can be translated as "peacefully." AT: "caused them to live peacefully with all the people of the nations around them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he was lifted up in the eyes of all nations + +Here "lifted up" is an idiom that means to honor. Also, "in the eyes" is a metaphor that represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "the people of all the nations honored him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/24.md b/2ch/32/24.md index 552db7640d..5ee1756226 100644 --- a/2ch/32/24.md +++ b/2ch/32/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# that he would be healed -* [[en:tw:heal]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he would heal Hezekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# But Hezekiah did not pay back Yahweh for the help given to him -* **his heart was lifted up** - AT: "he became proud" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] ) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But Hezekiah did not act in a grateful way after Yahweh helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his heart was lifted up + +Here "heart" is a metonym that represents a person's inner being. Here "heart was lifted up" is an idiom that means to become proud. AT: "he became proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So anger came on him, and on Judah and Jerusalem + +Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people is spoken of as if "anger came on" them. "Judah" and "Jerusalem" are metonyms that represent the people who live there. AT: "So Yahweh became angry and punished him and the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# during Hezekiah's days + +"during Hezekiah's lifetime" or "during Hezekiah's reign as king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/27.md b/2ch/32/27.md index 682619ee32..408329d337 100644 --- a/2ch/32/27.md +++ b/2ch/32/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# stalls -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This is a small enclosure where horses are kept. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:25](../09/25.md) -## translationNotes +# pens -* **stalls** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:09:25]] -* **pens** - A storage place for small animals. +a storage place for small animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/30.md b/2ch/32/30.md index 06188a598d..06bb99904f 100644 --- a/2ch/32/30.md +++ b/2ch/32/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hezekiah who also stopped up ... and who brought them straight down -* [[en:tw:ambassador]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Hezekiah who ordered his workers to stop up ... and to build a tunnel so that the water would flow down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# waters of Gihon -* **waters of Gihon** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a stream near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the miraculous sign that had been done in the land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the miracle that Yahweh had performed in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to know all that was in his heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. AT: "to reveal Hezekiah's true character" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/32.md b/2ch/32/32.md index 94f3b4afe9..7e48d90b2d 100644 --- a/2ch/32/32.md +++ b/2ch/32/32.md @@ -1,22 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Hezekiah slept with his ancestors -* [[en:tw:Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah|Isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb, grave, burial place]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:written]] - -## translationNotes - -* **The Vision of Isaiah the Prophet, (the son of Amoz), and in The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel** - These books no longer exist. -* **slept with his ancestors** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:09:29]] +This was a polite way to tell about him dying. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:31](../09/29.md). AT: "Hezekiah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/intro.md b/2ch/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..57ec6fb7f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Hezekiah is completed in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust in Yahweh ##### +Because Hezekiah trusted God, God rescued Jerusalem from the attacked of the Assyrian army and healed Hezekiah when he was very sick. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/01.md b/2ch/33/01.md index a527767c3d..3b4233a7f3 100644 --- a/2ch/33/01.md +++ b/2ch/33/01.md @@ -1,32 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "things that Yahweh said were evil" or "the things that Yahweh considers evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# like the disgusting things -* **He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh,** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] -* **like the disgusting things of the nations whom Yahweh had driven out before the people of Israel.** - AT: "as did the other people groups whom Yahweh caused to be defeated by the people of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Another possible meaning is "including the disgusting things." + +# he rebuilt the high places ... he built altars ... he made Asherah poles + +Manasseh would have commanded his workers to do the building for him. AT: "he had the high places rebuilt ... he had altars built ... he had Asherah poles made" or "he had his workers rebuild the high places ... he had them build altars ... he had them make Asherah poles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/04.md b/2ch/33/04.md index 060d5727cf..465cc837bb 100644 --- a/2ch/33/04.md +++ b/2ch/33/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It is in Jerusalem that my name will be placed forever -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard, court]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pagan]] -* [[en:tw:pagan|pagan]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] +The name is a metonym for the person. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "Jerusalem is where I will forever make known who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# He built altars for all the stars of heaven in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh -* **my name will be placed ** - AT: "I will make myself known to people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Valley of Ben Hinnom** - A place near Jerusalem also known as Gehenna. +It is implied that he built these altars so people could make sacrifices and worship the stars. Also, he would not have built these altars himself, rather he would have commanded his workers to do it. AT: "He had his workers build altars in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh so that the people could worship the stars and offer them sacrifices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Valley of Ben Hinnom + +This is the name of a place near Jerusalem that is also known as Gehenna. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he put his sons into the fire + +You may need to make explicit why he put his son in the fire and what happened after he did so. AT: "he burned his sons to death as an offering to his gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# consulted + +"asked for information from" + +# the dead + +This refers to dead people. AT: "dead people" or "those who are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# He practiced much evil in the sight of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "He did many things that Yahweh said were evil" or "He practiced the things that Yahweh considered evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/07.md b/2ch/33/07.md index 8069177e82..c7f15fe867 100644 --- a/2ch/33/07.md +++ b/2ch/33/07.md @@ -1,29 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he had made -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Manasseh probably did not do the work. His servants would have done the work. AT: "Manasseh had ordered his servants to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# that I will put my name forever -* **Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem** - AT: "the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here God is represented by his "name." AT: "where I want people to worship me forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that I assigned to their ancestors + +"that I gave to their ancestors" + +# Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem + +Here "Jerusalem" is a part of "Judah." AT: "the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# even more than the nations that Yahweh had destroyed before the people of Israel + +Here "nations" refers to the people who had lived in the land of Canaan before the Israelites had arrived. AT: "even more than the people whom Yahweh had destroyed as the people of Israel advanced through the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/10.md b/2ch/33/10.md index e5c130309f..3eaa9aec1c 100644 --- a/2ch/33/10.md +++ b/2ch/33/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# brought on them -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire, Asshur]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh sent the army to attack Jerusalem. AT: "brought about an attack on them by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the commanders of the army of the king of Assyria -* **brought on them ** - AT: "brought about an attack on them by" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **took Manasseh in chains, bound him with fetters, and took him off to Babylon. ** - AT: "siezed Manasseh and took him as a prisoner to Babylon." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The commanders were accompanied by their soldiers. AT: "the commanders of the army of the king of Assyria and their soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# took Manasseh in chains, bound him with fetters, and took him off to Babylon + +Here Manasseh being taken as a prisoner is represented by him being bound by chains and fetters. Fetters were chains placed around the feet. AT: "seized Manasseh, bound him in chains, and took him as a prisoner to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/12.md b/2ch/33/12.md index 83fe9256e0..35f19578f9 100644 --- a/2ch/33/12.md +++ b/2ch/33/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# implored -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:beg|beg, beggar]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] +to beg for help -## translationNotes +# He prayed to him; and God was begged by him -* **He prayed to God and God was begged by him, and God heard his begging" ** - AT: "Manasseh prayed to God and begged for mercy.God heard him" (See: See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] ) -* **into his kingship.** - This means "to rule again over the nation." +The second phrase intensifies the first phrase and emphasizes the earnestness of Manasseh's prayer. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He prayed to God and begged him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into his kingship + +"to rule again as king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/14.md b/2ch/33/14.md index 3554c21d7c..d01ef3292f 100644 --- a/2ch/33/14.md +++ b/2ch/33/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Manasseh built ... He surrounded ... He took away ... he had built on the mount -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **the foreign gods** - AT: "the false gods from other countries" +Manasseh did not do the building and construction himself, rather, he commanded his workers to do it. AT: "Manasseh commanded his workers to build ... They surrounded ... He commanded his workers to take away ... they had previously built on the mount" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gihon + +This was the name of a spring and a stream. See how you translated the "waters of Gihon" in [2 Chronicles 32:30](../32/30.md). AT: "the waters of Gihon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the hill of Ophel + +Translate the name of this hill as you did in [2 Chronicles 27:3](../27/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# raised the wall up + +"built the wall up" + +# the fortified cities + +This refers to cities with walls around them. + +# the foreign gods + +"the false gods from other countries" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/16.md b/2ch/33/16.md index 14cd49c027..2aaced18cd 100644 --- a/2ch/33/16.md +++ b/2ch/33/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He rebuilt -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering|fellowship offering, peace offering]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] +Manasseh did not do the building and construction himself, rather, he commanded his workers to do it. AT: "He commanded them to rebuild" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# he commanded Judah -* **he commanded Judah - ** - ** AT: "he commanded the people of Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "Judah" refers to the people who live there. AT: "he commanded the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/18.md b/2ch/33/18.md index 33c16b3951..5b4fdd0244 100644 --- a/2ch/33/18.md +++ b/2ch/33/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:chronicles]] -* [[en:tw:chronicles|chronicles]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] +"indeed" This word is used here to draw the readers attention to the information that follows. -## translationNotes +# they are written ... they are written about -* **written among the deeds of the Kings of Israel** - This in account of the history of Israel that no longer exists. -* **sins and trespasses** - AT: "sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the Chronicles of the Seers ** - This is a book that no longer exists. -* **"So Manasseh slept with his ancestors, and they buried him" ** - AT: "So Manasseh died, and his family buried him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Amon** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "men have written them ... men have written about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the deeds of the kings of Israel + +This in account of the history of Israel that no longer exists. + +# the places where he had built high places and set up the Asherah poles and the carved figures + +Manasseh did not do the building and construction himself, rather, he commanded his workers to do it. AT: "the place where he had the high places built and the Asherah poles and the carved figures set up" or "the places where he commanded his workers to build the high places and to set up the Asherah poles and carved figures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Chronicles of the Seers + +This is a book that no longer exists. + +# So Manasseh slept with his ancestors + +This is a euphemism. AT: "So Manasseh died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# in his own house + +"in his palace" + +# Amon + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# king in his place + +This is an idiom. AT: "became the next king" or "became the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/21.md b/2ch/33/21.md index ab3bfa8043..f6bfbf98b5 100644 --- a/2ch/33/21.md +++ b/2ch/33/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-two years old -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +"22 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* **He did evil in the sight of Yahweh, ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] -* **this same Amon trespassed more and more** - AT: "Amon sinned more" +Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "things that Yahweh said were evil" or "the things that Yahweh considers evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this same Amon trespassed more and more + +"Amon sinned again and again" or "Amon continued to sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/24.md b/2ch/33/24.md index 0d93f576db..5f66b3d3e4 100644 --- a/2ch/33/24.md +++ b/2ch/33/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# put him to death -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +This is an idiom. AT: "killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# conspired -* **conspired** - AT: "planned in secret" +"planned in secret" or "plotted" + +# king in his place + +This is an idiom. AT: "became the next king" or "became the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/intro.md b/2ch/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d14c74c8b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 33 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King Manasseh ##### + +Manasseh angered God more than any other king of Judah. He worshiped the sun, stars and many foreign gods and even sacrificed his sons to the sun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/01.md b/2ch/34/01.md index 77efddb1a0..57bd00d713 100644 --- a/2ch/34/01.md +++ b/2ch/34/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# thirty-one years -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"31 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -* **He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh, ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] -* **turn away either to the right or to the left,** - AT: "hesitate to obey God in any way whatsoever," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "the things that Yahweh said were right" or "the things that Yahweh considers right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walked in the ways of David his ancestor + +Josiah behaving as David did is spoken of as if he walked on the same road or way as David. AT: "lived the way David his ancestor had lived" or "followed the example of David his ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not turn away either to the right or to the left + +To fully obey Yahweh is spoken of as if a person were on the correct road and never turned from it. AT: "did not do anything that would displease Yahweh" or "fully obeyed the laws of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the eighth year ... the twelfth year + +"the 8th year ... the 12th year" or "year 8 ... year 12." See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# he began to cleanse Judah and Jerusalem from ... the cast metal figures + +This speaks of Josiah getting rid of the things that were used for worshiping false gods from Judah and Jerusalem as if he were making the places physically clean. Josiah would have commanded his workers to remove these things. AT: "he began to make Judah and Jerusalem acceptable again to Yahweh by having his workers remove from them the high places, the Asherah poles, the craved figures, and the cast metal figures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/04.md b/2ch/34/04.md index 2a30f7be8a..9dd0b68383 100644 --- a/2ch/34/04.md +++ b/2ch/34/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in his presence -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"in Josiah's presence" -## translationNotes +# he cut apart ... He broke ... He scattered ... He burned -* **until they were dust** - AT: "until they were very small pieces that could be carried away by the wind" +Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. AT: "he had them cut apart ... He commanded them to break ... He had them scatter ... He commanded them to burn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dust + +very small pieces that could be carried away by the wind + +# He burned the bones of their priests on their altars + +This means that the bones of the priests who offered sacrifices on the altars to the false gods were burned on the altars that the priests had previously made sacrifices on. + +# he cleansed Judah and Jerusalem + +This speaks of Josiah causing Judah and Jerusalem to be acceptable to Yahweh as if he made them physically clean. AT: "he caused Judah and Jerusalem to be acceptable again to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/06.md b/2ch/34/06.md index 84cad541a7..272d9eb31f 100644 --- a/2ch/34/06.md +++ b/2ch/34/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He broke down the altars, beat ... cut apart -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali|Naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:simeon|Simeon]] +Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. AT: "He commanded his workers to break down the altars, to beat ... to cut apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# into powder -* **into powder** - AT: "were completely destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] ) +"into dust." This means to smash them until they have become powder. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/08.md b/2ch/34/08.md index 024785ac60..84d6829acd 100644 --- a/2ch/34/08.md +++ b/2ch/34/08.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the eighteenth year -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest|high priest]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] +"the 18th year" or "year 18" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Josiah had cleansed the land and the temple -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **entrusted to him** - "gave to him the responsibility of using the money" +This speaks of Josiah causing Judah and Jerusalem to be acceptable to Yahweh as if he made them physically clean. AT: "Josiah had caused the land and the temple to become acceptable again to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Shaphan son of Azaliah, Maaseiah ... Joah son of Joahaz ... Hilkiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# entrusted to him + +"gave to him the responsibility of using the money" + +# that had been brought into the house of God, that the Levites, the guards of the doors, had gathered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the Levites who guarded the doors had brought into the house of God all that they had gathered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/10.md b/2ch/34/10.md index a6b8b972f0..15e38c7a98 100644 --- a/2ch/34/10.md +++ b/2ch/34/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They entrusted -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The word "they" refers to the men that Josiah had sent to Hilkiah the high priest. They first gave the money to him and then he distributed it to the men who supervised the building. AT: "Then Hilkiah entrusted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the money -* **had let fall apart** - AT: "allowed to rot" +This refers to some on the money that was entrusted to Hilkiah. AT: "some of the money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# carpenters + +workers who build with wood + +# braces + +"joists" These are pieces used for connecting large beams. + +# had let fall apart + +"had allowed to rot" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/12.md b/2ch/34/12.md index 6e18115da4..e6c892ccfa 100644 --- a/2ch/34/12.md +++ b/2ch/34/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jahath ... Meshullam -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Merari -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **These Levites were in charge of those who carried building material and all other men who worked in any way** - AT: "These Levites were in charge of all of the men who did any kind of building work." +Translate this man's name as you did in [2 Chronicles 29:12](../29/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kohathites + +Translate the name of the clan as you did in [2 Chronicles 20:19](../20/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Obadiah ... Zechariah + +Translate these men's names the same as you did for other men by the same names in [2 Chronicles 17:7](../17/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These Levites were in charge of those who carried building material and all other men who worked in any way + +This means that they were in charge of all the men who did any type of building work. AT: "These Levites were in charge of all of the men who did any kind of building work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/14.md b/2ch/34/14.md index 5915f33ea3..2d0d27f38a 100644 --- a/2ch/34/14.md +++ b/2ch/34/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:scribe|scribe, expert in the Jewish law]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# When they brought out the money that was brought into -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **When they brought out the money that was brought into the house of Yahweh,** - AT: "When the supervisors were receiving the money in the temple," -* **everything that has been entrusted to them** - AT: "everything that you gave them the responsibility to do." +The word "they" refers to Hilkiah and whoever was helping him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When they brought out the money for the supervisors from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that had been given through Moses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh had given to the people through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Shaphan + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the book of the law + +Most likely these laws were written on a scroll. A scroll was a type of book made of one long, rolled-up sheet of papyrus or leather. + +# everything that has been entrusted to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that you entrusted to them to do" or "everything that you gave them the responsibility to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/17.md b/2ch/34/17.md index 57202402a3..8c8a8bd4f5 100644 --- a/2ch/34/17.md +++ b/2ch/34/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They have emptied out -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +This is an idiom. AT: "They have gathered all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# into the hand of the supervisors and to the workmen -* **They have emptied out ** - AT: "They have gathered" -* **It came about that when ** - this phrase is a marker; it indicates that what follows is an especially important event in this story. AT: "Now, notice what happens next:" +The supervisors and workmen are represented by their "hand" to emphasize their possession. AT: "to the supervisors and the workmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# It came about that when + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# he tore his clothes + +This is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness. AT: "he tore his clothes because he was very upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/20.md b/2ch/34/20.md index 1c2c1cb45d..1d346e7a84 100644 --- a/2ch/34/20.md +++ b/2ch/34/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Ahikam son of Shaphan, Abdon son of Micah, Shaphan ... Asaiah -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +These are the names of men. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# ask Yahweh's will for me -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **ask Yahweh's will for me, ** - AT: "Ask Yahweh what he wants me to do," -* **because of the words of the book** - AT: "according to what is written in the book" -* **For it is great, the anger of Yahweh that has been poured out on us. It is great, ** - AT: "For Yahweh's anger towards us is great, like water that could totally wash us away," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "will" can be translated as a verb. Also, it is made clear in [2 Chronicles 34:22](./22.md) that the king means for the men to go to the prophetess of Yahweh to determine Yahweh's will. AT: "Ask Yahweh what he wants me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# because of the words + +"concerning the words" + +# the words of the book that has been found + +Here "words" represents the laws. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the laws in the book that Hilkiah has found" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For it is great, the anger of Yahweh that has been poured out on us. It is great + +Emotions such as anger are often spoken of in Scripture as if they were liquids. AT: "For Yahweh's anger towards us is great, like water that could totally wash us away" or "For great is Yahweh's anger with which he has punished us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all that was written in it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all that is written in it" or "all that is in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/22.md b/2ch/34/22.md index 7a5f6cb69d..96abc60706 100644 --- a/2ch/34/22.md +++ b/2ch/34/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Huldah -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Shallum ... Tokhath ... Hasrah -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **keeper of the wardrobe** - AT: "who took care of the priestly robes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **they spoke to her in this way: ** - AT: "they had the following conversation with her," +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# keeper of the wardrobe + +This refers to Shallum. Possible meanings are 1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or 2) the person who took care of the king's clothing. + +# the Second District + +"the 2nd District" or "District 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# they spoke with her in this way + +"they had the following conversation with her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/23.md b/2ch/34/23.md index 9640086454..30c3feef68 100644 --- a/2ch/34/23.md +++ b/2ch/34/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the man who sent you to me -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "the man" refers to King Josiah. -## translationNotes +# See -* **so that they might provoke me to anger with all the deeds they have committed-** - **- "the result is that they have made me extremely angry because of what they have done" (See: Difficult words or phrases; see: UDB) -* **therefore my anger will be poured out on this place, and it will not be extinguished** - AT: "therefore it will be like a fire that I pour out on them, and nothing will stop this fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word is used here as an idiom to draw the listener's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am about to bring disaster on this place and on its inhabitants + +Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. AT: "I will soon cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on this place + +"to Jerusalem" This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. AT: "on Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the curses that have been written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the curses written" or "all the curses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they have provoked me to anger + +"they have made me angry" + +# therefore, my anger will be poured out on this place, and it will not be extinguished + +Emotions such as anger are often spoken of in Scripture as if they were liquids. AT: "therefore, my anger against this place is like a fire, and nothing will stop it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my anger will be poured out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will pour out my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on this place + +Here "this place" refers to the people who live there. AT: "on these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/26.md b/2ch/34/26.md index 20c46a38a1..844c763c86 100644 --- a/2ch/34/26.md +++ b/2ch/34/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# About the words that you heard -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "words" represents the message that Huldah just spoke. AT: "About the message that you heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# because your heart was tender -* **"Yahweh, the God of Israel says this: About the words that you heard: 'because your heart was tender, ** - AT: "Yahweh, the God of Israel, says this about the words that you have heard: 'Because your heart was soft - willing to change," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] ) -* **have torn your clothes** - This was a sign of sorrow and repentance. -* **I will gather you to your ancestors; you will be gathered to your grave** - AT: "you will die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **nor will your eyes see ** - AT: "and you will not experience" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. Feeling sorry is spoken of as if the heart were tender. AT: "because you felt sorry" or "because you repented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# torn your clothes + +This is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# see, I will gather you to your ancestors. You will be gathered to your grave in peace + +Both statements mean basically the same thing. They are polite ways of saying he will die. AT: "so I will allow you to die and be buried peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# You will be gathered to your grave + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will gather you to your grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your eyes will not see + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. Also, the phrase "will not see" represents not experiencing something. AT: "you will not experience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the disaster I will bring on this place + +Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that Yahweh would bring to a place. AT: "the terrible things I will cause to happen to this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/29.md b/2ch/34/29.md index c8c8294b55..0a70716e4f 100644 --- a/2ch/34/29.md +++ b/2ch/34/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all the men of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This is a generalization. AT: "many other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# from great to small -* **all the people, from great to small** - AT: "everyone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **read in their hearing - ** - ** AT: "read to them" +This merism includes everyone in between. AT: "from the most important to the least important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# He then read in their hearing + +"Then the king read aloud so that they could hear" + +# that had been found + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that Hilkiah had found" or "that they had found" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/31.md b/2ch/34/31.md index 757f3d124a..6015ba00b3 100644 --- a/2ch/34/31.md +++ b/2ch/34/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# stood in his place -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +This refers to the place where the king stood at the temple. AT: "stood where he was supposed to stand at the entrance to the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# walk after Yahweh -* **stood in his place ** - AT: "stood where he was supposed to stand at the entrance to the temple" -* **with all his heart and all his soul, ** - AT: "completely," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **to stand by the covenant. ** - To obey the covenant of God" +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path, and "to walk after" someone is a metonym for doing what that other person does or wants others to do. AT: "live obeying Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his commandments, his regulations, and his statutes + +These words all share similar meanings. Together they emphasize everything that Yahweh had commanded in the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with all his heart and all his soul + +The idiom "with all his heart" means "completely" and "with all his soul" means "with all his being." These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "with all his being" or "with all his energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that were written in this book + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that this book contained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all who were found in Jerusalem and Benjamin + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all who lived in Jerusalem and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# stand by the covenant + +This is an idiom. AT: "accept the terms of the covenant" or "promise to obey the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/33.md b/2ch/34/33.md index 11e26ea832..d7aed9cb50 100644 --- a/2ch/34/33.md +++ b/2ch/34/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Josiah took away all -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Josiah would have commanded his workers to do this. AT: "Josiah commanded his workers to take away all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the disgusting things -* **the disgusting things ** - These are the idols that were repulsive to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These are the idols that were repulsive to God. AT: "the disgusting idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For all of his days + +Josiah's life is represented by his "days." AT: "For all of his life" or "As long as Josiah was alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/intro.md b/2ch/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..63e7be36df --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 34 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the beginning of the story of King Josiah. (2 Chronicles 34-35) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Returning the people to Yahweh ##### + +Josiah worshiped Yahweh and cleaned out the idols and shrines from Judah. The people returned to worship Yahweh again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/01.md b/2ch/35/01.md index 3ef3c8f336..4d599b60a5 100644 --- a/2ch/35/01.md +++ b/2ch/35/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Josiah kept a Passover to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:passover|Passover]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Josiah commanded the people to celebrate the Passover that Yahweh had commanded their ancestors to celebrate. -## translationNotes +# in Jerusalem -* **the fourteenth day of the first month** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **He placed the priests in their positions** - AT: "He told the priests which jobs to do." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh had commanded Moses that all the people of Israel were to go to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover. + +# the fourteenth day of the first month + +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# He placed the priests in their positions + +Placing the priests in a position is a metaphor for telling the priests which jobs they are to do. The reader should probably understand that Josiah commanded his officials to give instructions to the priests. AT: "He had people tell the priests which jobs to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the service of + +The abstract noun "service" can be translated as a verb. AT: "as they served in" or "to serve well in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/03.md b/2ch/35/03.md index 440344cf55..bc25f34ebb 100644 --- a/2ch/35/03.md +++ b/2ch/35/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# that Solomon son of David, king of Israel built -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees, ark of the testimony, ark of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "that Solomon, king of Israel, commanded the people to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# by the name of your ancestral houses and your divisions -* **that Solomon, the son of David, king of Israel, built** - AT: "the people built under the leadership of King Solomon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **your ancestral houses and your divisions** - AT: "your tribes and families" +The word "name" is a collective noun, referring to each name of each ancestral house and each division. Your language may need to say "according to the names of your ancestral houses and your divisions." + +# your ancestral houses + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. AT: "the families that are descendants of your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# divisions + +groups into which the people had divided the priests and Levites + +# the written instructions of David ... and those of Solomon, his son + +"the instructions that David ... and Solomon, his son, wrote" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/05.md b/2ch/35/05.md index 3152333981..e7ef141eca 100644 --- a/2ch/35/05.md +++ b/2ch/35/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Stand in the holy place, taking your position -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace|holy place, most holy place]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +"Take your positions in the temple area" -## translationNotes +# your divisions -* **your divisions** - This refers to the assigned work group for each Levite. -* **the ancestral houses** - This refers to the various clans among the Levites. It seems that Levites were assigned to different work groups on the basis of the kind of work assigned to each clan or ancestral house. -* **Stand in the holy place ** - Here "holy place" seems to refer to the general temple area. AT: "take your positions in the temple area." +This refers to the work group to which the people had assigned each Levite. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 35:4](./03.md). + +# the ancestral houses + +This refers to the various clans among the Levites. It seems that Levites were assigned to different work groups on the basis of the kind of work assigned to each clan or ancestral house. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 35:4](./03.md). + +# consecrate yourselves + +This probably refers to the priests and Levites washing themselves before they did work in the temple. + +# to do according to the word of Yahweh that was given by the hand of Moses + +Here the word "hand" refers to Moses himself. Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. This can be translated in active form. AT: "to obey all of the commands that Yahweh gave to the people through Moses" or "to do everything that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/07.md b/2ch/35/07.md index 26f854ee85..be5f3220a2 100644 --- a/2ch/35/07.md +++ b/2ch/35/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering|freewill offering]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# thirty thousand lambs -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **kids** - This is a baby goat. +"30,000 lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# kids + +baby goats + +# three thousand bulls + +"3,000 bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# these were from the king's possessions + +"all these lambs, kids, and bulls that he gave were ones that he himself owned" + +# 2,600 small cattle + +"two thousand six hundred small cattle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# three hundred oxen + +"300 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Hilkiah ... Zechariah ... Jehiel ... Konaniah ... Shemaiah ... Nethanel ... Hashabiah ... Jeiel ... Jozabad + +These are all the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# five thousand small cattle + +"5,000 small cattle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# five hundred oxen + +"500 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/10.md b/2ch/35/10.md index b0943b5704..c401ec14d6 100644 --- a/2ch/35/10.md +++ b/2ch/35/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the service was prepared -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Book of Moses, Law, Law of Moses, God's Law, Law of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:passover|passover]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they prepared everything they needed so they could perform the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# their divisions -* **the service was prepared** - "they prepared everything to perform the Passover." -* **the blood that they received from the Levites’ hand** - "the blood that the Levites gave them" +the groups into which the people had divided the priests and Levites. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 35:4](./03.md). + +# the blood that they received from the Levites' hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to the Levites. AT: "the blood that the Levites gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# ancestral houses of the people + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. AT: "the families that were the descendants of their ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/13.md b/2ch/35/13.md index 1c6e4c207f..8cf672bd9d 100644 --- a/2ch/35/13.md +++ b/2ch/35/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] +All instances of "they" and "themselves" refer to the Levites ([2 Chronicles 35:10](./10.md)). -## translationNotes +# They roasted the Passover lambs with fire -* **They roasted** - AT: "they cooked" -* **they boiled them in pots, caldrons, and pans** - AT: "they cooked them in water in many different pots" -* **for themselves** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) +"They cooked the Passover lambs over fires" + +# they boiled them in pots, cauldrons, and pans + +"they cooked them in water in containers of different sizes" + +# They ... prepared offerings for themselves and for the priests + +"They ... prepared the offerings that they would eat and the offerings that the priests would eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/15.md b/2ch/35/15.md index 439ec2a991..b9d6c7ba91 100644 --- a/2ch/35/15.md +++ b/2ch/35/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# as directed by David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king's seer -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king's seer had directed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Heman ... Jeduthun -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **in their place** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:30:16]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/16.md b/2ch/35/16.md index cc1a32181a..356ce0a07d 100644 --- a/2ch/35/16.md +++ b/2ch/35/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the entire service of Yahweh was carried out -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people of Israel, people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread|unleavened bread]] +This refers to everything associated with the preparation, the sacrifice, and the worship of Yahweh during the Passover. The word "service" can be expressed as a verb and this can be stated in active form. AT: "they did everything that needed to be done to serve Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# kept the Passover -* **the entire service** - Everything associated with the preparation, sacrifice and worship of Yahweh during the passover can be referred to as a worship "service". +This is an idiom. AT: "observed the Passover" or "celebrated the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# then the Festival of Unleavened Bread + +This refers to celebrating the festival. AT: "then kept the Festival of Unleavened Bread" or "then celebrated the Festival of Unleavened Bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/18.md b/2ch/35/18.md index 824886a0df..d1a4d7b72a 100644 --- a/2ch/35/18.md +++ b/2ch/35/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Such a Passover celebration had never been held in Israel -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There had never been such a Passover celebration in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# held in Israel -* **Israel** - The first use of Israel reference the nation of Israel as a whole, but the second use of Israel refers specifically to the northern tribes of the kingdom of Israel +This refers specifically to the nation of Israel as a whole, as it was before the northern kingdom and southern king split. + +# from the days + +"from the time" + +# the other kings of Israel + +Here "Israel" refers specifically to the northern kingdom of Israel. + +# This Passover was kept + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They observed this Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was kept + +This is an idiom. AT: "was observed" or "was celebrated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the eighteenth year + +"the 18th year" or "year 18" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/20.md b/2ch/35/20.md index df50d75b6d..0f655a33bc 100644 --- a/2ch/35/20.md +++ b/2ch/35/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# set the temple in order -* [[en:tw:ambassador]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +This means that he restored the worship in the temple as God had intended it to be. AT: "restored proper worship to the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Necho, king of Egypt, went up -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **set the temple in order** - AT: "restored proper worship to the temple" -* **What have I to do with you, king of Judah?** - AT: "You have no reason to attack me, King of Judah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I am not coming against you** - AT: "I am not fighting your kingdom." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **against the house with which I am making war** - AT: "against Babylon, against whom I am making war" +This is the name of the king of Egypt. Here the king represents himself accompanied by his army. AT: "Necho, king of Egypt, went up with his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# against Carchemish + +This is the name of a city. Here the city represents the people who live there. AT: "against the people of Carchemish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Josiah went to fight against him + +Here both Josiah and Necho represent themselves accompained by their armies. AT: "Josiah and his army went to fight against Necho and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# What have I to do with you, king of Judah? + +Necho uses this rhetorical question to tell Josiah that he is not in conflict with him and that Josiah should not attack him. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You have no reason to attack me, king of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I am not coming against you + +Here the king Josiah represents his kingdom. AT: "I am not fighting your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# against the house with which + +Here the word "house" refers to the house of Babylon, where "house" is a metonym for the kingdom. The kingdom is a synechdoche representing the Babylonian army. AT: "against the house of Babylon, with whom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/22.md b/2ch/35/22.md index 384fea0bdc..801b823731 100644 --- a/2ch/35/22.md +++ b/2ch/35/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He disguised himself -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Josiah disguised himself so that the other armies would not recognize him. -## translationNotes +# fight with him -* **fight with him** - "fight with the army of Babylon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **that had from the mouth of God** - "from God" or "that God said to him" +The word "him" refers to Necho who represents himself accompanied by his army. AT: "fight with the army of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# that had come from the mouth of God + +Here God is represented by his "mouth" to emphasize his speech. AT: "that had come from God" or "that God had said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# so he went + +The word "he" refers to Josiah who represents himself accompanied by his army. AT: "so he and his army went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the Valley of Megiddo + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/23.md b/2ch/35/23.md index 76e8749d07..0a9d837bca 100644 --- a/2ch/35/23.md +++ b/2ch/35/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# All Judah and Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk. +"Judah" and "Jerusalem" represent the people who live there. AT: "All the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/25.md b/2ch/35/25.md index b1b8a869ed..b653a555b7 100644 --- a/2ch/35/25.md +++ b/2ch/35/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to this day -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] +This means the day on which the writer wrote. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). -## translationNotes +# behold -* **to this day** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:05:09]] +This word is used here to add emphasis to what is said next. + +# the songs of lament + +This was an ancient scroll of funeral songs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/26.md b/2ch/35/26.md index 53ecae6b15..daf1a5aba9 100644 --- a/2ch/35/26.md +++ b/2ch/35/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his good deeds done -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the good deeds that he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# what is written -* **from beginning to end** - AT: "all of them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel** - This is a book that no longer exists. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# and his deeds ... are written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "men have written of all his deeds, from beginning to end," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his deeds, from beginning to end, + +This refers to all of the significant things that he did from the beginning of his reign as king to the end of his life. AT: "all of his deeds" or "everything he did from the beginning of his reign to when he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the book of the kings of Judah and Israel + +This is a book that no longer exists. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/intro.md b/2ch/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb9c222117 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 35 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the story of King Josiah. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Passover ##### +Josiah organized a large Passover celebration and people shared their animals with those without animals to sacrifice. The celebration of Passover was a sign of proper worship by the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/01.md b/2ch/36/01.md index 040253a9fb..223cdfb4c1 100644 --- a/2ch/36/01.md +++ b/2ch/36/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehoahaz -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# in his father's place -* **Jehoahaz** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The phrase "in his ... place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "instead of his father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# twenty-three years old ... three months + +"23 years old ... 3 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/03.md b/2ch/36/03.md index ff36621e51..6165db5f89 100644 --- a/2ch/36/03.md +++ b/2ch/36/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The king of Egypt removed him at Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] +The idiom "removed him at Jerusalem" means that he caused him no longer to be king in Jerusalem. AT: "The king of Egypt removed him from being king in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# fined the land -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **talent** - (See: [[:En:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **brought him to Egypt** - AT: "took him to Egypt as a prisoner" +Here the word "land" represents the people who lived there. AT: "fined the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# one hundred talents of silver and one talent of gold + +You may convert this to a modern measure. A talent was about 33 kilograms. AT: "thirty-three hundred kilograms of silver and thirty-three kilograms of gold" or "about 3,300 kilograms of silver and 33 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Eliakim ... Jehoahaz + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/05.md b/2ch/36/05.md index e2a929634c..3605af6ad9 100644 --- a/2ch/36/05.md +++ b/2ch/36/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-five years old ... eleven years -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +"25 years old ... 11 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh his God -* **He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:21:06]] -* **attacked him** - AT: "attacked Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Nebuchadnezzar also carried** - Nebuchanezzar's servents carried. +Here "sight" represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of Jehoiakim's actions. AT: "what Yahweh judged to be evil" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# attacked him + +The word "him" refers to Jehoiakim. Jehoiakim represents either Jerusalem or the nation of Judah. AT: "attacked Jerusalem" or "attacked Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Nebuchadnezzar also carried + +Since Nebuchadnezzar was king, he may have had his soldiers do this. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar also had his soldiers carry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Yahweh + +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/08.md b/2ch/36/08.md index 180d2d672c..325022bb51 100644 --- a/2ch/36/08.md +++ b/2ch/36/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the disgusting things that he did -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] +This usually refers to worshiping false gods, which Yahweh hated. -## translationNotes +# what was found against him -* **the disgusting things that he did** - This usually refers to the worshipping of false gods which Yahweh hated. -* **what was found in him** - This may be a reference to his character. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:35:26]] +This idiom refers to things that he did for which people could accuse him of wrong. This can be stated in active form. AT: "what people found against him" or "things that he did for which people could accuse him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# behold + +"indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# they are written in the book + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written them in the book" or "you can read of them in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the book of the kings of Judah and Israel + +This is a book that no longer exists. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 35:27](../35/26.md). + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Jehoiakim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/09.md b/2ch/36/09.md index 593a4d5fe9..c525bbf438 100644 --- a/2ch/36/09.md +++ b/2ch/36/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# eight years old ... three months and ten days +"8 years old ... 3 months and 10 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* **He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:14:01]] +Here "sight" here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of Jehoiachin's actions. AT: "what Yahweh judged to be evil" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brought him to Babylon + +"brought Jehoiachin to Babylon" + +# the house of Yahweh + +Here "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his relative + +"Jehoiachin's relative" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/11.md b/2ch/36/11.md index bfb9b1cead..d797e2fe71 100644 --- a/2ch/36/11.md +++ b/2ch/36/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-one years old ... eleven years -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] +"21 years old ... 11 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh his God -* **He did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet** - AT: "He did not humble himself and obey God by listening to Jeremiah the prophet" -* **from the mouth of Yahweh** - "from the words God had given him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "sight" represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of Zedekiah's actions. AT: "what Yahweh his God judged to be evil" or "what Yahweh his God considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who spoke from the mouth of Yahweh + +Here the word "mouth" represents the words that Yahweh spoke. AT: "who spoke the words that Yahweh spoke to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/13.md b/2ch/36/13.md index 4d2e53720f..69ebea9854 100644 --- a/2ch/36/13.md +++ b/2ch/36/13.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] -* [[en:tw:trespass|trespass]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The phrases "stiffened his neck" and "hardened his heart" are both metaphors that mean to become stubborn. Zedekiah refusing to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if he refused to turn to Yahweh. AT: "Zedekiah stubbornly refused to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they followed the disgusting practices of the nations -* **stiffened his neck and hardened his heart** - These emphasize Zedekiah's rebellion against God. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **disgusting things** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ch:15:08]] -* **polluted the House of Yahweh** - AT: "they made unholy that which was to be holy" +The idiom "followed the ... practices" means to do those things. AT: "they did the disgusting things that the nations did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# disgusting practices + +This phrase refers to worshiping other gods. + +# They polluted the house of Yahweh + +A place that is unfit to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically dirty. The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "They polluted the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/15.md b/2ch/36/15.md index 8ff838101e..85528c3dac 100644 --- a/2ch/36/15.md +++ b/2ch/36/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# again and again -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"many times" -## translationNotes +# the place where he lives -* **again and again** - AT: "many times" -* **there was no help for it** - AT: "there was no way to avoid it" +This refers to the temple. + +# the wrath of Yahweh arose against his people + +Here the word "arose" refers to beginning an action. Yahweh punishing his people in his anger is spoken of as if his wrath were a person who acted against them. AT: "in his wrath, Yahweh began to punish his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there was no help for it + +This idiom means that nobody could do anything to prevent what happened. AT: "there was no way to avoid it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/17.md b/2ch/36/17.md index 266cb5bde0..845895de32 100644 --- a/2ch/36/17.md +++ b/2ch/36/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# God brought on them the king of the Chaldeans, who +The idiom "brought on them" means to cause to attack with his army. AT: "God caused the king of the Chaldeans to attack them, and he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# who killed their young men with the sword -* **God gave them all into his hand** - AT: "God allowed the Chaldean army to defeat them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The king probably did not personally kill their young men. Rather, his army killed them. AT: "whose army killed their young men with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God gave them all into his hand + +Here "hand" is a metonym for the power to defeat them. AT: "God allowed the Chaldean army to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/18.md b/2ch/36/18.md index 7fbe21f701..51b0b8913a 100644 --- a/2ch/36/18.md +++ b/2ch/36/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of God ... the house of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:palace|palace]] +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of God ... the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# They burned down -* **he took** - his soldiers took (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they burned down** - "They" refers to the Babylonian soldiers. +"They" refers to the Babylonian soldiers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/20.md b/2ch/36/20.md index 2e29b1cdc0..2f285b5e99 100644 --- a/2ch/36/20.md +++ b/2ch/36/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The king carried away to Babylon -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here "the king" refers to his soldiers whom he ordered to do the work. The phrase "carried away" is an idiom that means to forcefully bring them to Babylon. AT: "The king had his army forcefully take to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# until the rule of the kingdom of Persia -* **the king carried** - "His soldiers took." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **it lay desolate** - AT: "it was abandoned" +"until the kingdom of Persia came to power" + +# the word of Yahweh by the mouth of Jeremiah + +Here the noun "word" can be translated with the verb "spoke." The word "mouth" represents Jeremiah. AT: "what Yahweh spoke through Jeremiah" or "the word from Yahweh that Jeremiah spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# until the land should have enjoyed its Sabbath rests + +The people were supposed to obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year. This phrase speaks about this as if the land were a person that would obey the Sabbath law and rest. AT: "until the land had rested according to the Sabbath law" or "until, as required by the Sabbath law, no one had farmed the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# It observed its Sabbath for as long as it lay abandoned + +The word "it" refers to the land. The land is spoken of as if it were a person who observed the Sabbath. AT: "The requirements of the Sabbath law were fulfilled as long as the land lay abandoned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in order to pass seventy years in this way + +"so that 70 years passed while the land lay abandoned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/22.md b/2ch/36/22.md index 6e6b2ffcab..f6dcf26215 100644 --- a/2ch/36/22.md +++ b/2ch/36/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# in the first year -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +This refers to the beginning of the reign of King Cyrus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# so that the word of Yahweh by the mouth of Jeremiah might be carried out -* **in the first year** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **he has commanded me to build a house** - AT: "And he has appointed me to command that my workers build a temple for him in Jerusalem," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the noun "word" can be translated with the verb "spoke." The word "mouth" represents Jeremiah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that what Yahweh spoke through Jeremiah might happen" or "so that the word from Yahweh that Jeremiah spoke might happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh motivated the spirit of Cyrus, king of Persia + +Motivating the spirit is a synecdoche for making someone want to act. AT: "Yahweh made Cyrus, king of Persia, want to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the kingdoms of the earth + +This is an exaggeration, as there were kingdoms over which Cyrus did not rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# to build a house for him + +Here the word "house" represents a temple. AT: "to build a temple for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his people + +"Yahweh's people" + +# Let him go up to the land + +"Let that person go up to the land of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/intro.md b/2ch/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d2411fcdc --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 36 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the story of Judah as an independent country. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Punishment ##### +God warned the people through the prophets, that he would punish them if they did not worship Yahweh. The people refused to listen to the prophets or to stop their evil deeds. God finally punished them by letting the Babylonians conquer them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/front/intro.md b/2ch/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c1adac8cb --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Chronicles # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 2 Chronicles #### + +1. The kingdom ruled by Solomon (Chapters 1–9) + - Solomon put on the throne of David, his father (Chapter 1) + - The building of the temple of Yahweh (2:1–5:1) + - Dedication of the temple for the worship of Yahweh (5:2–7:22) + - The life of Solomon (8:1–9:28) +1. The decline of Judah, to the fall and exile (Chapters 10–36) + - From Rehoboam to Zedekiah (10:1–36:21) + - The edict of Cyrus, permitting Israel to return to Canaan (36:22–23) + +#### What are 1 and 2 Chronicles about? #### + +The purpose of 1 and 2 Chronicles was to retell the genealogy of Adam through Jacob's descendants until the time of the first king of Israel, and to tell the history of the kings of Israel and Judah until the Babylonian army attacked Judah and took some of the people to Babylon. These books were probably written for the Jews who returned from exile in Babylon. The purpose was to give the people instructions on how to avoid repeating the sins of their ancestors who were unfaithful to the covenant with Yahweh. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +You may also call this book "The Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel, Book 2" or "The Second Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel." + +#### Who wrote 1 and 2 Chronicles? #### + +These books seem to contain many different historical accounts that were put together. The writers of Chronicles mention other books that they took information from in their own writing. The non-biblical sources included "The Chronicles of Samuel the Seer," "The Chronicles of Nathan the Seer," "The Chronicles of Gad the Seer," "The History of Nathan the Prophet," "The Chronicles of Shemaiah the Prophet and Iddo," "The Story of the Prophet Iddo" and "The books of the kings of Judah and Israel." + +#### Why are there multiple books which give the history of the kings of Israel? #### + +Though the Books of 1 and 2 Chronicles cover much of the same history as the Books of 1 and 2 Kings, they do not repeat everything. The purpose of 1 and 2 Chronicles was not simply to retell the history of Israel and Judah by repeating the books of 1 and 2 Kings. Instead, the writers of these books want to reassure the people that Yahweh would still be faithful to his covenant with them. + +The Books of 1 and 2 Chronicles focus on David and Solomon and the reformation that Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, and Josiah accomplished. Those reformations were to encourage all the people of Yahweh and their leaders to obey the Law and to honor his covenant with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the role of divine retribution in 1 and 2 Chronicles? #### + +Retribution is righteous punishment of those who deserve it. This is an important theme in 1 and 2 Chronicles. There is a record of the fulfillment of the promise to bless those who bless Israel and to curse those who curse Israel. The author attempts to show the reader God's blessing or judgment being given to each generation in accordance with their obedience or disobedience of Yahweh's commands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Why are alliances with foreign countries seen as evil in these books? #### + +Yahweh was the true leader of Israel and the protector of the nation. He was the one who should have been trusted, instead of the neighboring nations. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. + +#### What does it mean to "seek God?" #### + +The concept of seeking God is very common in 1 and 2 Chronicles. It does not imply that God is hidden; instead, it is a command to seek to please and honor God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 2 Chronicles 5:9; 8:8; 10:19; 20:26; 21:10; 35:25. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/01.md b/2co/01/01.md index 7bde66b7fe..c103f037de 100644 --- a/2co/01/01.md +++ b/2co/01/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:corinth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +After Paul's greeting to the church in Corinth, he writes about suffering and comfort through Jesus Christ. Timothy is with him as well. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Paul** - “From Paul.” Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. This could be translated as “I, Paul, wrote this letter.” -* **brother** - In the New Testament, the apostles often used the word “brother” to refer to fellow Christians, since all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father. -* **Achaia** - This is the name of a Roman province in the southern part of modern day Greece. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Grace to you and peace** - The word "you" refers to the people of the church in Corinth and to the rest of the Christians in that area. This is a common greeting used by Paul in his letters. +The word "you" throughout this letter refers to the people of the church in Corinth and to the rest of the Christians in that area. Possibly Timothy writes on parchment paper the words that Paul says. + +# Paul ... to the church of God that is in Corinth + +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter and its intended audience. AT: "I, Paul ... wrote this letter to you, the church of God that is in Corinth" + +# Timothy our brother + +This indicates that both Paul and the Corinthians knew Timothy and considered him to be their spiritual brother. + +# Achaia + +This is the name of a Roman province in the southern part of modern-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# May grace be to you and peace + +This is a common greeting that Paul uses in his letters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/03.md b/2co/01/03.md index fcd756d8c8..400f9d32df 100644 --- a/2co/01/03.md +++ b/2co/01/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May we always praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the God and Father -* Paul and Timothy continue the introduction of their letter. -* **the God and Father ** - "God, who is the Father" -* **the Father of mercies and God of all comfort** - These phrases are similar ways to say the same thing. The words "Father" and "God" are used to describe God as "the one who gives" or "the source" because God is the source of all things. AT: "the source of all mercy and comfort" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **comforts us in all our affliction** - "us" and "our" include the Corinthians. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +"God, who is the Father" + +# the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort + +These two phrases express the same idea in two different ways. Both phrases refer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort + +Possible meanings are 1) that the words "mercies" and "all comfort" describe the character of "Father" and "God" or 2) that the words "Father" and "God" refer to one who is the source of "mercies" and "all comfort." + +# comforts us in all our affliction + +Here "us" and "our" include the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/05.md b/2co/01/05.md index 1c4d016164..02880638c3 100644 --- a/2co/01/05.md +++ b/2co/01/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For just as the sufferings of Christ abound for our sake -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Paul speaks of Christ's sufferings as if they were objects that could increase in number. AT: "For just as Christ suffered greatly for our sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the sufferings of Christ -* Paul and Timothy encourage the people of the church in Corinth. -* **For just as the sufferings of Christ abound for our sake** - "For just as Christ suffered greatly for our sake" -* **But if we are afflicted** - Paul is describing their own sufferings apart from the Corinthians. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **which works** - "which you experience" +Possible meanings are 1) that this refers to the suffering that Paul and Timothy experience because they preach the message about Christ or 2) that this refers to the suffering that Christ experienced on their behalf. + +# our comfort abounds + +Paul speaks of comfort as if it were an object that could increase in size. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But if we are afflicted + +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and Timothy, but not to the Corinthians. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But if people afflict us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if we are comforted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if God comforts us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your comfort is working effectively + +"You experience effective comfort" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/08.md b/2co/01/08.md index 17fe250355..7505a9d521 100644 --- a/2co/01/08.md +++ b/2co/01/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# we do not want you to be uninformed -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "we want you to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# We were completely crushed beyond what we could bear -* Paul and Timothy continue to their letter. -* **we do not want you to be ignorant** - "we want you to know" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **completely crushed** - The word "crushed" refers to the feeling of despair. AT: "in complete despair" -* **beyond what we could bear** - Paul and Timothy refer to their emotions of despair being like a heavy weight they have to carry. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the sentence of death on us** - Paul and Timothy are comparing their feeling of despair to someone condemned to die. AT: "we were in despair like someone who is condemned to die" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but instead in God** - The words “put our trust” are left out of this phrase. AT: "but instead, put our trust in God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **who raises the dead** - "who brings the dead back to life" -* **a deadly peril** - Paul and Timothy compare their feeling of despair to a deadly peril or terrible danger (UDB). AT: "despair" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul and Timothy refer to their emotions of despair being like a heavy weight they have to carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We were completely crushed + +The word "crushed" refers to the feeling of despair. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The troubles we experienced completely crushed us" or "We were in complete despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we had the sentence of death on us + +Paul and Timothy are comparing their feeling of despair to that of someone condemned to die. AT: "we were in despair like someone who is condemned to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but instead in God + +The words "put our trust" are left out of this phrase. AT: "but instead, to put our trust in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# who raises the dead + +"who brings the dead back to life" + +# a deadly peril + +Paul compares his feeling of despair as a result of the troubles that they experienced to a deadly peril or terrible danger. AT: "despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/11.md b/2co/01/11.md index a9add789aa..e9fb8d5a8e 100644 --- a/2co/01/11.md +++ b/2co/01/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He will do this as you also help us -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +"God will rescue us from danger as you, the people of the church of Corinth, also help us" -## translationNotes +# the gracious favor given to us -* **He will do this as you also help us** - "God will rescue us from danger as you, the people of the church of Corinth, pray for us." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the gracious favor which God has given to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/12.md b/2co/01/12.md index 28b5358948..965f6a70ad 100644 --- a/2co/01/12.md +++ b/2co/01/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +In these verses Paul uses the words "we," "our," "ourselves," and "us" to refer to himself and Timothy and possibly others who served with them. These words do not include the people he was writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# We are proud of this ... your reason for boasting -* **testimony of our conscience** - the proof given by Paul's and Timothy's thoughts about their own actions. -* **earthly wisdom** - "human wisdom" -* **We do not write to you anything you cannot read or understand** - "everything we write to you, you can read and understand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **just as you will be ours** - AT: "just as you will be our reason to be proud" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The words "proud" and "boasting" here are used in the positive sense of feeling great satisfaction and joy in something. + +# Our conscience testifies + +Paul speaks of not being guilty as if his conscience were a person that could speak. AT: "We know by our conscience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# not relying on fleshly wisdom but on the grace of God. + +Here "fleshly" represents human. AT: "We have not relied on human wisdom but on the grace of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# We write to you nothing that you cannot read and understand + +This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "You can read and understand everything we write to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/15.md b/2co/01/15.md index 4b20496586..92d1d0b0cb 100644 --- a/2co/01/15.md +++ b/2co/01/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] +Paul explains his sincere expectation with pure motives to come see the believers in Corinth after his first letter. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Because I was confident about this** - This refers back to Paul's comments about the Corinthians in the preceding verses. -* **send me on my way to Judea** - "assist me on my way to Judea" +Paul wrote at least 3 letters to the Corinthians. Only 2 letters to Corinth are recorded in the Bible. + +# Because I was confident about this + +The word "this" refers to Paul's previous comments about the Corinthians. + +# you might receive the benefit of two visits + +"you might benefit from me visiting you twice" + +# send me on my way to Judea + +"assist me on my way to Judea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/17.md b/2co/01/17.md index 7c60db8c14..fb4ddef78d 100644 --- a/2co/01/17.md +++ b/2co/01/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# was I hesitating? -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Paul uses this question to emphasize he was sure about his decision to visit the Corinthians. The expected answer to the question is no. AT: "I was not hesitating." or "I was confident in my decision." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Do I plan things according to human standards ... at the same time? -* **When I was thinking this way, did I vacillate?** - Paul and Timothy use this question to show they sure about their decision. AT: "When I was thinking this way, I was confident in my decision" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **did I vacillate** - "was I unsure" -* **Or do I plan things according to human standards, so that that I say "Yes, yes" and "No, no" at the same time?** - Paul defends his integrity. AT: "I plan things as God would want me to, I will say yes or no, only when I know my answer is the truth." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to emphasize that his plans to visit the Corinthians were sincere. AT: "I do not plan things according to human standards ... at the same time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do I plan things ... so that I say "Yes, yes" and "No, no" at the same time? + +This means that Paul did not say both that he would visit and that he would not visit at the same time. The words "yes" and "no" are repeated for emphasis. AT: "I do not plan things ... so that I say 'Yes, I will certainly visit' and 'No, I will definitely not visit' at the same time!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/19.md b/2co/01/19.md index c2213c707b..6c99cdfd3e 100644 --- a/2co/01/19.md +++ b/2co/01/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For the Son of God ... is not "Yes" and "No." Instead, he is always "Yes." -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Jesus says "Yes" concerning the promises of God, which means that he guarantees that they are true. AT: "For the Son of God ... does not say 'Yes' and 'No' concerning God's promises. Instead, he always says 'Yes.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the Son of God -* **is not** - Paul and Timothy are referring to how Jesus answers a request. AT: "does not answer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **are "Yes" in him** - The word "Yes" refers to a person knowing God will deliver what he has promised. AT: "are sure to be given because of what Jesus Christ has done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **"Yes" in him... him we say ** - The word "him" refers to Jesus Christ. +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# all the promises of God are "Yes" in him + +This means that Jesus guarantees all of God's promises. AT: "all the promises of God are guaranteed in Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# "Yes" in him ... through him we say + +The word "him" refers to Jesus Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/21.md b/2co/01/21.md index a7a713f559..9f1e3d9b67 100644 --- a/2co/01/21.md +++ b/2co/01/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# God who confirms us with you -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] +Possible meanings are 1) "God who confirms our relationship with each other because we are in Christ" or 2) "God who confirms both our and your relationship with Christ." -## translationNotes +# he appointed us -* Paul and Timothy continue their letter to the people of the church in Corinth. -* **set his seal on us** - The phrase "his seal" refers to God's approval. AT: "approves of us". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "he sent us to preach the gospel" or 2) "he chose us to be his people." + +# he set his seal on us + +Paul speaks of God showing that we belong to him as if God had put a mark on us as a sign that we belong to him. AT: "he has put his mark of ownership on us" or "he has shown that we belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# gave us the Spirit in our hearts + +Here the word "hearts" refers to the innermost part of a person. AT: "gave us the Spirit to live within each of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the Spirit ... as a guarantee + +The Spirit is spoken of as if he was a partial downpayment toward eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/23.md b/2co/01/23.md index 89c1aff4c4..8f78c8fb46 100644 --- a/2co/01/23.md +++ b/2co/01/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I call God to bear witness for me -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:corinth]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +The phrase "bear witness" refers to a person telling what they have seen or heard in order to settle an argument. AT: "I ask God to show what I say is true" -## translationNotes +# so that I might spare you -* **I call God to bear witness for me** - The phrase "bear witness" refers to a person telling what they have seen or heard in order to settle an argument. "I ask God to show what I say is true" -* **stand in your faith** - The word "stand" can refer to something that does not change. AT: "remain firm in your faith" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"so that I might not cause you more suffering" + +# we are working with you for your joy + +"we are working with you so that you may have joy" + +# stand in your faith + +The word "stand" can refer to something that does not change. AT: "remain firm in your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/intro.md b/2co/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..88da18d58f --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The first paragraph is a reflection of a common way to begin a letter in the ancient Near East. + +This chapter begins with a much softer tone than any of the chapters in Paul's earlier letter to the Corinthian church, known as First Corinthians. + +##### Paul's integrity ##### +People have been criticizing Paul and saying he is not sincere. He refutes them by explaining his motives for what he is doing. + +#### Special Concepts #### + +##### Comfort ##### +This is a major theme of this chapter. Comforting Christians is a work of the Holy Spirit. It is probable that there was some affliction and the Corinthians needed to be comforted. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### + +Paul uses two rhetorical questions for the purpose of defending himself against a charge of insincerity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### We ##### +It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. + +##### Guarantee ##### + +The Holy Spirit is said to be the guarantee, pledge or down-payment of a Christian's eternal life. While a Christian's salvation is secure, they do not get to experience the promises given to them until after their death. It is only then that they will experience their receiving of the gift of eternal life. The Holy Spirit is shown here to be a personal guarantee that this will happen. This concept comes from a business term whereby a person would give some valuable item to another person as a "guarantee" that they would repay money. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[2 Corinthians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/01.md b/2co/02/01.md index c577dcaa6c..be685fecb3 100644 --- a/2co/02/01.md +++ b/2co/02/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Because of his great love for them, Paul makes it clear that his rebuke in his first letter to them (the rebuke of their acceptance of the sin of immorality) caused him pain as well as pain to the church people in Corinth and the immoral man. -## translationNotes +# I decided for my own part -* Paul continues the letter to the people of the church at Corinth -* **So I decided for my own part ** - "I made the decision" -* **you in painful circumstances** - AT: "when you are doing things I strongly disapprove of" -* **If I caused you pain, who could cheer me up but the very one who was hurt by me?** - Paul tells the Corinthians that they make him happy and hurting them would make both of them unhappy. AT: "If I caused you pain, I would be unhappy because you are unhappy." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"I made the decision" + +# in painful circumstances + +"in circumstances that would cause you pain" + +# If I caused you pain, who could cheer me up but the very one who was hurt by me? + +Paul uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that neither he nor they would benefit if his coming to them would cause them pain. AT: "If I caused you pain, the only ones who could cheer me up would be the very ones whom I had hurt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the very one who was hurt by me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the very one whom I had hurt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/03.md b/2co/02/03.md index 8c7e3a1ec5..5367b165d7 100644 --- a/2co/02/03.md +++ b/2co/02/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I wrote as I did -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +This refers to another letter that Paul had written to the Corinthian Christians that no longer exists. AT: "I wrote as I did in my previous letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# I might not be hurt by those who should have made me rejoice -* ** I might not be hurt by those** - Paul is speaking about the behavior of certain Corinthian believers that caused him emotional pain. AT: "I might not be hurt by the actions of those" -* **from great affliction, with anguish of heart, and with many tears** - These phrases express Paul's great sadness and wrote with great difficulty because of his love for the people of Corinth. AT: "with great difficulty because of the great sadness caused by my concern for you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Paul is speaking about the behavior of certain Corinthian believers who caused him emotional pain. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who should have made me rejoice might not hurt me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my joy is the same joy you all have + +"what gives me joy is what gives you joy, too" + +# from great affliction + +Here the word "affliction" refers to emotional pain. + +# with anguish of heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the location of the emotions. AT: "with extreme sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with many tears + +"with much crying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/05.md b/2co/02/05.md index 1c19502025..0513eddf75 100644 --- a/2co/02/05.md +++ b/2co/02/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in some measure -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +"to some extent" -## translationNotes +# not to put it too harshly -* **in some measure** - "in some part" -* **too harshly** - "without enough kindness" -* **overwhelmed by too much sorrow** - This is to have a strong emotional response of too much sorrow. +Possible meanings are 1) "I do not want to say it too severely" or 2) "I do not want to exaggerate." + +# This punishment of that person by the majority is enough + +This can be stated in active form. The word "punishment" can be translated using a verb. AT: "The way that the majority has punished that person is enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# is enough + +"is sufficient" + +# he is not overwhelmed by too much sorrow + +This means to have a strong emotional response of too much sorrow. This can be stated in active form. AT: "too much sorrow does not overwhelm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/08.md b/2co/02/08.md index 4288e10800..4441f26163 100644 --- a/2co/02/08.md +++ b/2co/02/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:encourage]] +Paul encourages the church in Corinth to show love and to forgive the person they have punished. He writes that he, also, has forgiven him. -## translationNotes +# publicly affirm your love for him -* Paul encourages the church in Corinth to forgive the person they have punished. -* **publicly affirm your love for him** - This is to welcome him back into the fellowship of believers. AT: "announce at the group meeting that you do still love him like you love family" -* **you are obedient in everything** - This refers to both punishing someone who is guilty and forgiving them afterwards. AT: "you are obedient in everything I have taught you to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This means that they are to confirm their love for this man in the presence of all of the believers. + +# you are obedient in everything + +Possible meanings are 1) "you are obedient to God in everything" or 2) "you are obedient in everything that I have taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/10.md b/2co/02/10.md index a8907182e3..9e42cef0dc 100644 --- a/2co/02/10.md +++ b/2co/02/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# it is forgiven for your sake -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have forgiven it for your sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# forgiven for your sake -* **forgiven for your sake** - Possible meanings are 1) "forgiven out of my love for you"(UDB) or 2) "forgiven for your benefit" -* **For we are not ignorant of his plans.** - "For we know his plans." (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "forgiven out of my love for you" or 2) "forgiven for your benefit." + +# For we are not ignorant of his plans + +Paul uses a negative expression to emphasize the opposite. AT: "For we know his plans well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/12.md b/2co/02/12.md index 29a3bca1b6..aba0b8985a 100644 --- a/2co/02/12.md +++ b/2co/02/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] -* [[en:tw:troas]] +Paul encourages the believers in Corinth by telling them of the opportunities he has had to preach the gospel in Troas and Macedonia. -## translationNotes +# A door was opened to me by the Lord ... to preach the gospel -* **Though a door was opened to me** - Just like an open door allows one to walk through, so Paul was given an opportunity to share the gospel message at Troas. AT: "I was given an opportunity" - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my brother Titus** - Paul often refers to other people who share in his ministry his brother in Christ. -* **So I left them** - "So I left the people of Troas" +Paul speaks of his opportunity to preach the gospel as if it were a door through which he was allowed to walk. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Lord opened a door to me ... to preach the gospel" or "The Lord gave me the opportunity ... to preach the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I had no peace of mind + +"My mind was troubled" or "I was worried" + +# my brother Titus + +Paul speaks of Titus as his spiritual brother. + +# So I left them + +"So I left the people of Troas" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/14.md b/2co/02/14.md index 36ebf6bc24..910610dcae 100644 --- a/2co/02/14.md +++ b/2co/02/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Paul speaks of God as if he were a victorious general leading a victory parade and of himself and his coworkers as those who take part in that parade. Possible meanings are 1) "God, who in Christ always causes us to share in his triumph" or 2) "God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph as those over whom he as gained victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Through us he spreads the sweet aroma of the knowledge of him everywhere -* **leads us in triumph** - Paul refers to Christ like he would a military leader leading soldiers to a victory. AT: "gives us victory" - (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **sweet aroma of the knowledge** - "good smell of the knowledge" Paul uses the phrase "sweet aroma" to refer to knowledge that is pleasing. AT: "pleasing knowledge" (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **sweet aroma of Christ** - "good smell of Christ" Paul uses the phrase "sweet aroma" to refer to knowledge that is pleasing. AT: "pleasing knowledge of Christ." (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. AT: "He causes the knowledge of Christ to spread to everyone who hears us, just as the sweet smell of burning incense spreads to everyone near it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# everywhere + +"everywhere we go" + +# we are to God the sweet aroma of Christ + +Paul speaks of his ministry as if it were a burnt offering that someone offers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sweet aroma of Christ + +Possible meanings are 1) "the sweet aroma which is the knowledge of Christ" or 2) "the sweet aroma that Christ offers." + +# those who are saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom God has saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/16.md b/2co/02/16.md index 6f90224fc8..dc4d8bdb86 100644 --- a/2co/02/16.md +++ b/2co/02/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# it is an aroma -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +"the knowledge of Christ is an aroma." This refers back to [2 Corinthians 2:14](./14.md), where Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# an aroma from death to death -* **an aroma from death to death** - The word "aroma" to refer to knowledge about Christ. For those who are spiritual dead, knowledge about Christ is like the smell of a dead decaying body. AT: "knowledge about death to those who are dead." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **aroma from life to life ** - The word "aroma" to refer to knowledge about Christ. For those who are Spiritual alive, knowledge about Christ is like a sweet smelling fragrance. AT: "knowledge about life to those who are alive." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Who is worthy of these things?** - Paul uses this question to express the knowledge of Christ is a gift from God that no one deserves. AT: "No one is worthy of these things." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **purity of motives** - "honest desires" -* **we speak in Christ** - "we speak because of our belief in Christ" +Possible meanings are 1) that the word "death" is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means "an aroma that causes death" or 2) "an aroma of death that causes people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the ones being saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the ones whom God is saving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# aroma from life to life + +Possible meanings are 1) that the word "life" is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means "an aroma that gives life" or 2) "an aroma of life that gives people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Who is worthy of these things? + +Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one is worthy to do the ministry that God has called them to do. AT: "No one is worthy of these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# purity of motives + +"pure motives" + +# we speak in Christ + +"we speak as people who are joined to Christ" or "we speak with the authority of Christ" + +# as we are sent from God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as people whom God has sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the sight of God + +Paul and his coworkers preach the gospel with the awareness that God is watching them. AT: "we speak in the presence of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/intro.md b/2co/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb8e590416 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 02 General Notes # + +#### Special Concepts #### + +##### Harsh writing ##### +This chapter is, in large part, written in reference to a previous letter Paul wrote to the Corinthians. This letter had a harsh, corrective tone. It probably was written in between the letter known as First Corinthians and this letter. It also references a specific situation in the church which can only be understood implicitly. It is probable that the church was forced to rebuke an erring member and now Paul is encouraging them to show grace to this person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Aroma ##### +A sweet aroma or smell is pleasing. This is an important image in Scripture. Things that are pleasing to God are often described as having a pleasing aroma. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/01.md b/2co/03/01.md index 16552ab98b..84560e1fba 100644 --- a/2co/03/01.md +++ b/2co/03/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul reminds them that he is not boasting as he tells them about what he has done through Christ. -## translationNotes +# Are we beginning to praise ourselves again? -* **Are we beginning to praise ourselves again?** - Paul says this to express they are not trying to make themselves seem better than they are. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **We do not need letters of recommendation to you or from you, like some people, do we?** - Paul says this to express that the Corinthians already know about Paul and Timothy's good reputation. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **letter of recommendation** - Paul and Timothy's love for the people of the church in Corinth is compared to a letter of recommendation that shows church Paul and Timothy can be trusted. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you are a letter from Christ, delivered by us, written..by the Spirit of the living God...on tablets of human hearts** - Paul is saying the people of the church in Corinth are like a letter that tells about their example and how the message about Christ, which Paul and Timothy shared with them, had power through the Holy Spirit, to change the kind of people they are. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **not on tablets of stone, but on tablets of human hearts** - The word "stone" refers to something that does not change. The phrase "human hearts" is used because they are soft and to refer to a person's ability to change. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **tablets** - These are flat pieces of stone or clay that were used for writing. +Paul uses this question to emphasize that they are not bragging about themselves. AT: "We are not beginning to praise ourselves again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# We do not need letters of recommendation to you or from you, like some people, do we? + +Paul says this to express that the Corinthians already know about Paul and Timothy's good reputation. The question prompts a negative answer. AT: "We certainly do not need letters of recommendation to you or from you, like some people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# letters of recommendation + +This is a letter that a person writes to introduce and give their approval of someone else. + +# You yourselves are our letter of recommendation + +Paul speaks of the Corinthians as if they are a letter of recommendation. That they have become believers serves to validate Paul's ministry to others. AT: "You yourselves are like our letter of recommendation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# written on our hearts + +Here the word "hearts" refers to their thoughts and emotions. Possible meanings are 1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation or 2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians. + +# written on our hearts + +This can be stated in active form with "Christ" as the implied subject. AT: "which Christ has written on our hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# known and read by all people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that all people can know and read" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are a letter from Christ + +Paul clarifies that Christ is the one who has written the letter. AT: "you are a letter that Christ has written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# delivered by us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that we delivered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It was written not with ink ... on tablets of human hearts + +Paul clarifies that the Corinthians are like a spiritual letter, not like a letter that humans write with physical objects. + +# It was written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is not a letter that people wrote with ink but a letter that the Spirit of the living God wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# It was not written on tablets of stone, but on tablets of human hearts + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is not a letter that people engraved on stone tablets but a letter that the Spirit of the living God wrote on tablets of human hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# tablets of human hearts + +Paul speaks of their hearts as if they are flat pieces of stone or clay upon which people engraved letters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/04.md b/2co/03/04.md index 254b0b1c2e..868badda47 100644 --- a/2co/03/04.md +++ b/2co/03/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# this is the confidence -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:qualify]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This refers to what Paul has just said. His confidence comes from knowing that the Corinthians are the validation of his ministry before God. -## translationNotes +# competent in ourselves -* Paul and Timothy continue their letter to the people of the church in Corinth. -* **this is the confidence** - The word "this" refers to Paul and Timothy's awareness of how the knowledge of Christ has changed the lives of the people of the church in Corinth. -* ** competent in ourselves** - "qualified in ourselves" -* **our adequacy** - "our qualification" -* **not of the letter but of the Spirit** - Paul uses the word "letter" to refer to the Old Testament laws because words are made up of letters. The phrase "letter of the law" means every part of the Old Testament laws. AT: "not by obeying the law but as a gift of the Holy Spirit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **letter kills** - This phrase means trying to perfectly obey the Old Testament law and failing will lead to spiritual death. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"qualified in ourselves" or "sufficient in ourselves" + +# to claim anything as coming from us + +Here the word "anything" refers to anything pertaining to Paul's apostolic ministry. AT: "to claim that anything we have done in ministry comes from our own efforts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# our competence is from God + +"God gives us our sufficiency" + +# a covenant not of the letter + +Here the word "letter" means letters of the alphabet and refers to words that people write down. The phrase alludes to the Old Testament law. AT: "a covenant not based on commands that men have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but of the Spirit + +The Holy Spirit is the one who establishes God's covenant with people. AT: "but a covenant based on what the Spirit does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the letter kills + +Paul speaks of the Old Testament law as a person who kills. Following that law leads to spiritual death. AT: "the written law leads to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/07.md b/2co/03/07.md index b633f850ef..135c0bb3e7 100644 --- a/2co/03/07.md +++ b/2co/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +Paul contrasts the fading glory of the old covenant with the superiority and freedom of the new covenant. He contrasts the veil of Moses with the clarity of present revelation. The time of Moses was a less clear picture of what is now revealed. -## translationNotes +# Now the service that produced death ... came in such glory -* **Now if...will not the service of the Spirit be even more glorious?** - Paul uses this question to explain why the answer is easy to understand. AT: "Since...the service of the Spirit will be even more glorious." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **engraved in letters** - "carved in letters" -* **service of death...service of the Spirit** - Paul uses the phrase "service of" to refer to the way God provided for us to get either spiritual death by the law, or eternal life by the Spirit. AT: "the way provided to get death...the way provided to get the Spirit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul emphasizes that although the law leads to death, it was still very glorious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# the service that produced + +"the ministry of death." This refers to the Old Testament law that God gave through Moses. AT: "the ministry that causes death because it is based on the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# engraved in letters on stones + +"carved into stone with letters." This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God carved into stone with letters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in such glory + +"in so much glory" + +# This is because + +"They could not look because" + +# How much more glorious will be the service that the Spirit does? + +Paul uses this question to emphasize that "the service that the Spirit does" must be more glorious than "the service that produced" because it leads to life. AT: "So the service that the Spirit does must be even more glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the service that the Spirit does + +"the ministry of the Spirit." This refers to the new covenant, of which Paul is a minister. AT: "the ministry that gives life because it is based on the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/09.md b/2co/03/09.md index 1465a254e7..22316f891f 100644 --- a/2co/03/09.md +++ b/2co/03/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the service of condemnation -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"the ministry of condemnation." This refers to the Old Testament law. AT: "the ministry that condemns people because it is based on the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# how much more does the service of righteousness abound in glory! -* Paul continues comparing the Law of Moses to the ministry of Christ. -* **service of condemnation ** - This phrase refers to the Law that God gave to Moses. It could only point out man's disobedience before God, thus condemning man to die. -* **service of righteousness ** - This phrase refers to message about the forgiveness offered through Jesus christ. It offers forgiveness and new life unlike the law that only condemns to death. -* **abound in glory** - Christ's service of righteousness is far more glorious to the Law which also had glory. -* **that which was once made...For if that** - The word "that" refers to the law of Moses. -* **in this respect** - "in this way" -* **that exceeds it** - "that is better than it" -* **was passing away** - "has completed its purpose" +Here the word "how" marks this phrase as an exclamation, not as a question. AT: "then the service of righteousness must abound in so much more glory!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# the service of righteousness abound in glory + +Paul speaks of "the service of righteousness" as if it were an object that could produce or multiply another object. He means that "the service of righteousness" is far more glorious than the law, which also had glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the service of righteousness + +"the ministry of righteousness." This refers to the new covenant, of which Paul is a minister. AT: "the ministry that makes people righteous because it is based on the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that which was once made glorious is no longer glorious ... because of the glory that exceeds it + +The Old Testament law no longer appears glorious when compared with the New Covenant, which is much more glorious. + +# that which was once made glorious + +This can be stated in active form. AT "the law which God once made glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in this respect + +"in this way" + +# that which was passing away + +This refers to "the service of condemnation," which Paul speaks of as if it were an object capable of disappearing. AT: "that which was becoming useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/12.md b/2co/03/12.md index b90e9f93b8..c985c06f50 100644 --- a/2co/03/12.md +++ b/2co/03/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Since we have such confidence -* [[en:tw:bold]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] +This refers to what Paul has just said. His confidence comes from knowing that the new covenant has an eternal glory. -## translationNotes +# the ending of a glory that was passing away -* **the ending of a glory that was passing away** - The light of God's glory was on Moses' face and he wore a veil so the people of Israel would not see it fade away. AT: "the ending of the light of God's glory that was fading away from Moses' face" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The refers to the glory that shined on Moses' face. AT: "the glory on Moses' face as it faded away completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/14.md b/2co/03/14.md index 21af8303bd..ae8630b733 100644 --- a/2co/03/14.md +++ b/2co/03/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But their minds were closed -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] +"But their minds were hardened." Paul speaks of the minds of the Israelite people as objects that could be closed or made hard. This expression means that they were unable to understand what they saw. AT: "But the Israelites could not understand what they saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# For to this day ... But even today -* **their** - "the Israelites'" -* **The same veil** - just as a veil hides one's face, Paul speaks of a spiritual veil that keeps the Jews from understanding God's message. - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **whenever Moses is read** - This is referring to the books written by Moses. AT: "whenever Moses' writings are read" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **turns to the Lord** - The word "turn" refers to a change in attitude. AT: "change from trusting themselves to trusting the Lord" -* **the veil is lifted away** - The word "veil" refers to their inability to understand God's message. Being lifted away means they are now given the ability to understand. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These phrases refer to the time at which Paul was writing to the Corinthians. + +# when they read the old covenant, that same veil remains + +Just as the Israelites could not see the glory on Moses' face because he covered his face with a veil, there is a spiritual veil that prevents people from understanding when they read the old covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when they read the old covenant + +"when they hear someone read the old covenant" + +# It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away + +Here both occurrences of the word "it" refer to "the same veil." This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one removes the veil, because only in Christ does God remove it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whenever Moses is read + +Here the word "Moses" refers to the Old Testament law. This can be stated in active form. AT: "whenever someone reads the Mosaic law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a veil covers their hearts + +Here the word "hearts" refers to the mind and thoughts. A spiritual veil covers their hearts, preventing them from being able to understand the old covenant. AT: "a veil lies over their minds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the veil is taken away + +This means they are now given the ability to understand. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God lifts the veil away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/17.md b/2co/03/17.md index aa785e5d0c..621ee5252e 100644 --- a/2co/03/17.md +++ b/2co/03/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now all of us -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +Here the word "us" refers to all believers, including Paul and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# with unveiled faces, see the glory of the Lord -* **unveiled faces, seeing the glory of the Lord** - Both of these phrases refer to the ability to understand God's message. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **unveiled faces, seeing the glory of the Lord** - Unveiling a person's face allows them to see clearly and is also used to refer to being able to understand. The word "seeing" is used to refer to the ability to understand something. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the same glorious likeness** - something that has the same glory as the Lord or something that shows God's glory. -* **from one degree of glory into another** - "from one amount of glory to another amount of glory" +Unlike the Israelites who could not see God's glory reflected on Moses' face because he had covered it with a veil, there is nothing to prevent believers from seeing and understanding God's glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We are being transformed into the same glorious likeness + +The Spirit is changing believers to be glorious like him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Lord is transforming us into his same glorious likeness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from one degree of glory into another + +"from one amount of glory to another amount of glory." This means that the Spirit is constantly increasing the glory of believers. + +# just as from the Lord + +"just as this comes from the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/intro.md b/2co/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c210e61388 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Paul continues his defense. Paul views the Corinthian Christians as the proof of his work. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Law of Moses ##### +There are many allusions to God giving the law of Moses. This chapter will be difficult to fully understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. This chapter contrasts the covenant God made with Moses with the New Covenant. Although the law was good, because it was revealed by God, it brought punishment to Israel because they were unable to obey it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors used in this chapter to explain complex spiritual truths. It is unclear whether this makes Paul's teaching easier or more difficult to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "This is a covenant not of the letter but of the Spirit." ##### +It is uncertain what this means but the New Covenant is contrasted with the law of Moses. The New Covenant is not comprised of a system of rules and regulations. It is possible that the term "spirit" is a reference to the Holy Spirit, but it may also be a reference to the New Covenant being "spiritual" in nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/01.md b/2co/04/01.md index b51fff23e8..6221b3eb92 100644 --- a/2co/04/01.md +++ b/2co/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul writes that he is honest in his ministry by preaching Christ, not praising himself. He shows the death and the life of Jesus in how he lives so that life can work in the Corinthian believers. -## translationNotes +# we have this ministry -* **we** - Possible meanings of the word "we" are 1) Paul and his ministry team or 2) Paul and the other apostles or 3) Paul and the corinthian believers. -* **we have this ministry...we have received mercy** - Both of these phrases refer to how God ministers to us and shows us mercy by transforming us to be more like him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **we have renounced ** - "we have given up" -* **shameful and hidden** - These two words express one thought. AT: "hidden in shame" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **live by craftiness** - "live by deception" -* **we do not mishandle the word of God** - This phrase uses two negative thoughts to express a positive thought. AT: "we use the word of God correctly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **in the sight of God** - God's understanding of the writer's truthfulness is referred to as God being able to see them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and his coworker, but not to the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# and just as we have received mercy + +This phrase explains how Paul and his coworkers "have this ministry." It is a gift that God has given to them through his mercy. AT: "because God has shown us mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we have rejected secret and shameful ways + +This means that that Paul and his coworkers refused to do "secret and shameful" things. It does not mean that they had done these things in the past. + +# secret and shameful ways + +The word "secret" describes the things that people do secretly. Things that are shameful should cause people who do them to feel ashamed. AT: "the things that people do secretly because they cause shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# live by craftiness + +"live by deception" + +# we do not mishandle the word of God + +This phrase uses two negative thoughts to express a positive thought. AT: "we use the word of God correctly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# we recommend ourselves to everyone's conscience + +This means that they provide enough evidence for each person who hears them to decide whether they are right or wrong. + +# in the sight of God + +This refers to God's presence. God's understanding and approval of Paul's truthfulness is referred to as God being able to see them. AT: "before God" or "with God as witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/03.md b/2co/04/03.md index f2bb3a6516..f1d158a089 100644 --- a/2co/04/03.md +++ b/2co/04/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled only to those who are perishing -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:imageofgod]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This refers back to [2 Corinthians 3:14-16](../03/14.md), where Paul explained that there is a spiritual veil that prevents people from understanding when they read the old covenant. In the same way, people are not able to understand the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled -* **our gospel is veiled, it is veiled only to those** - The word "veiled" refers to being not understandable. If something is veiled it cannot be seen. Not being seen is used to refer to not being understood. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the god of this world** - This phrase refers to Satan. English translations refer to a false god using a small “g” and write God with a large “G” when referring to the one true God. Other languages may also choose to do that. Another way to distinguish them would be to use two different terms for “God” and “god.” -* **has blinded** - AT: "prevented understanding" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the light** - The word "light" refers to the truth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if a veil covers our gospel, that veil covers it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# our gospel + +"the gospel that we preach" + +# the god of this world has blinded their unbelieving minds + +Paul speaks of their minds as if they had eyes, and their inability to understand as their minds being unable to see. AT: "the god of this world has prevented unbelievers from understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the god of this world + +"the god who rules this world." This phrase refers to Satan. + +# they are not able to see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ + +As the Israelites could not see God's glory that shined on Moses' face because he covered it with a veil (See: [2 Corinthians 3:13](../03/12.md)), unbelievers are not able to see Christ's glory that shines in the gospel. This means that they are unable to understand "the gospel of the glory of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the light of the gospel + +"the light that comes from the gospel" + +# the gospel of the glory of Christ + +"the gospel about the Christ's glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/05.md b/2co/04/05.md index ea9c194712..bb813775dc 100644 --- a/2co/04/05.md +++ b/2co/04/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your servants -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +You can supply the verb for these phrases. AT: "but we proclaim Christ Jesus as Lord, and we proclaim ourselves as your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# for Jesus' sake -* ** but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your servants** - This refers to what the writer of Hebrews is proclaiming. AT: "but we proclaim Christ Jesus as Lord, and we proclaim that we will work for your benefit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* ** for Jesus’ sake** - AT: "In order to bring honor to Jesus" -* **Light will shine out of darkness** - Light is used to refer to understanding. AT: "people will understand who used to not understand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* ** he has shone** - The word "shone" means to create light and refers to God creating understanding. The word "heart" refers to the place where a person understands what they believe to be true. AT: "he has given understanding" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in our hearts** - The word "heart" refers to the place where a person understands what they believe to be true. AT: "to us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"because of Jesus" + +# Light will shine out of darkness + +With this sentence, Paul refers to God creating light, as described in the book of Genesis. + +# He has shone ... to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God + +Here the word "light" refers to the ability to understand. Just as God created light, he also creates understanding for believers. AT: "He has shone ... to enable us to understand the glory of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in our hearts + +Here the word "hearts" refers to the mind and thoughts. AT: "in our minds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the light of the knowledge of the glory of God + +"the light, which is the knowledge of the glory of God" + +# the glory of God in the presence of Jesus Christ + +"the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ." Just as God's glory shone upon Moses' face (See: [2 Corinthians 3:7](../03/07.md)), it also shines upon Jesus face. This means that when Paul preaches the gospel, people are able to see and understand the message about God's glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/07.md b/2co/04/07.md index 42e51feadb..931bddadcc 100644 --- a/2co/04/07.md +++ b/2co/04/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# But we have -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and his coworkers, but not to the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# we have this treasure in jars of clay -* **this treasure** - The writer is referring to "the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **jars of clay** - The writer is using this phrase to refer to a human body.- (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **We are afflicted in every way, but not overwhelmed. We are perplexed but not filled with despair; persecuted but not forsaken; struck down but not destroyed** - All of these phrases refer to a person struggling with a challenge but not being defeated by it. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **We always carry in our body the death of Jesus** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies** - The phrase "in our bodies" refers to the way a believer in Jesus will live their life. AT: "the life of Jesus also may be shown in our lives" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Paul speaks of the gospel as if it were a treasure and their bodies as if they were breakable jars made out of clay. This emphasizes that they are of little value compared to the worth of the gospel that they preach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that it is clear + +"so that it is clear to people" or "so that people clearly know" + +# We are afflicted in every way + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People afflict us in every way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We are persecuted but not forsaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People persecute us but God does not forsake us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We are struck down but not destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People strike us down but do not destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We are struck down + +"We are hurt badly" + +# We always carry in our body the death of Jesus + +Paul speaks of his sufferings as if they are an experience of the death of Jesus. AT: "We are often in danger of dying, as Jesus died" or "We always suffer in such a way that we experience the death of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies + +Possible meanings are 1) "our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive" or 2) "the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies." + +# the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "other people may see the life of Jesus in our bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/11.md b/2co/04/11.md index a203874ccc..f42aff725c 100644 --- a/2co/04/11.md +++ b/2co/04/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# We who are alive are always carrying around in our body the death of Jesus -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Carrying the death of Jesus represents being in danger of dying because of being loyal to Jesus. AT: "For those of us who are alive, God is always leading us to face death because we are joined to Jesus" or "People are always causing us who are alive to be in danger of dying because we are joined to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our body -* **We who are alive** - Paul is referring to everyone who believes in and have preached Christ and have not yet been put to death. -* **handed over to** - "at risk of" -* **the life of Jesus may be shown** - This phrase refers to the continued life of Jesus and what that means to the writer of Hebrews and all believers who risk death because of their faith in Jesus as Lord. AT: "our belief that Jesus raised himself from the dead and promised to also give us eternal life may be proved" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **our human bodies.** - As in [[en:bible:notes:2co:04:07]] this phrase refers to how a person lives their life or the choices they make. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **death is at work in us** - Paul refers to death as if it can work. This is to say that people being threatened with death can have a positive effect in others. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **life is at work in you** - Paul refers to life as if it can work. This is to say that the knowledge of eternal life is having a positive effect in the lives of the Jewish believers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +God wants Jesus' life be shown in us. Possible meanings are 1) "our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive" or 2) "the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies." See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](./07.md). + +# so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our body + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](./07.md). AT: "so other people may see the life of Jesus in our body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# death is at work in us, but life is at work in you + +Paul speaks of death and life as if they are persons who can work. This means that they are always in danger of physical death so that the Corinthians can have spiritual life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/13.md b/2co/04/13.md index 8554d1ab51..d3b4d5a46c 100644 --- a/2co/04/13.md +++ b/2co/04/13.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the same spirit of faith -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"the same attitude of faith." Here the word "spirit" refers a person's attitude and temperament. -## translationNotes +# according to that which was written -* Paul and Timothy continue to write to the people of the church in Corinth. -* **we have the same** - The word "we" refers to Paul, Timothy and the church in Corinth. -* **the same spirit of faith** - "the same attitude of faith." The word "spirit" refers to how a person thinks and makes decisions. Paul and Timothy are saying their attitude of trusting God is the same as the Corinthians. -* **I believed, and so I spoke** - This is a quote from king David. -* **will bring us with you** - The word "us" excludes the Corinthians. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **thanksgiving** - Understanding the good God has done and thanking him for it. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as the one who wrote these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I believed, and so I spoke + +This is a quote from the Psalms. + +# the one who raised the Lord Jesus + +Here the words "the one" refer to God. AT: "God who raised the Lord Jesus from death to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will bring us with you + +The word "us" excludes the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Everything is for your sake + +Here the word "Everything" refers to all of the sufferings that Paul has described in previous verses. + +# as grace is spread to many people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as God spreads his grace to many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# thanksgiving may increase + +Paul speaks of thanksgiving as if it were an object that could become larger by itself. AT: "more and more people may give thanks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/16.md b/2co/04/16.md index 26cfb9370f..68d3729716 100644 --- a/2co/04/16.md +++ b/2co/04/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] +Paul writes that the Corinthian difficulties are minor and do not last long when compared to the unseen eternal things. -## translationNotes +# So we do not become discouraged -* Paul and Timothy continue to write about their difficult situations. -* **So we do not become discouraged** - AT: "So we are encouraged" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **outwardly we are wasting away** - This phrase refers to Paul and Timothy's appearance from the outside of their bodies. "wasting away" refers to someone whose body has lost it's healthy appearance. -* **inwardly we are being renewed day by day** - The word "inwardly" refers to the inner man where they think. The word "renewed" refers to their thoughts being made positive again. -* **for an eternal weight of glory that exceeds all measurement** - The glory of Paul and Timothy is referred to as a weight so heavy that cannot be measured. This is another way to say they will be greatly honored for what they have done. AT: "to be greatly honored in heaven forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **watching for** - This phrase refers a person wanting and expecting something to happen. AT: "wanting" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **for things that are seen** - This refers to possessions obtained during life. AT: "possessions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **for things which are unseen** - This refers to rewards in heaven. AT: "great rewards in heaven" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) It is understood from the previous phrase that this is what Paul and Timothy are watching for. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This can be stated as a positive. AT: "So we remain confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# outwardly we are wasting away + +This refers to their physical bodies decaying and dying. AT: "our physical bodies are getting weak and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# inwardly we are being renewed day by day + +This refers to their inward, spiritual lives getting stronger. AT: "our spiritual beings are being strengthened day by day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# inwardly we are being renewed day by day + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is renewing our inward being more each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this momentary, light affliction is preparing us for an eternal weight of glory + +Paul speaks of his sufferings and the glory that God will give him as if they were objects that can be weighed. The glory far outweighs the suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that exceeds all measurement + +The glory that Paul will experience is so heavy that no one can measure it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one can measure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# things that are seen ... things that are unseen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "things that we can see ... things that we cannot see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but for things that are unseen + +You can supply the verb for this phrase. AT "but we are watching for things that are unseen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/intro.md b/2co/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26d54b6f6a --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter begins with the word "therefore," which is connected to the teaching in the previous chapter. The awkward placement of the chapter division can cause confusion. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ministry ##### + +Paul has the ministry, or job, of telling people about Christ. He does not use trickery to get them to believe. If they do not understand, the problem is ultimately spiritual. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Light and darkness ##### +These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Life and death ##### +Life and death are not used in reference to physical life and death. Life represents the new life a Christian has in Jesus, while death represents the old way one lived prior to coming to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Hope ##### +Paul uses a repeated pattern in a purposeful way. He makes a statement and then denies a seemingly opposite or contradictory statement or gives an exception. They function to give the reader hope in the midst of difficult circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/01.md b/2co/05/01.md index 003a6e2bc8..3e78d2317f 100644 --- a/2co/05/01.md +++ b/2co/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Paul continues by contrasting believers' earthly bodies to the heavenly ones God will give. -## translationNotes +# if the earthly dwelling that we live in is destroyed, we have a building from God -* **the earthly dwelling** - Our physical body. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that we live in is destroyed ** - When our physical body is destroyed. -* **we have a building from God, a house not made by human hands, but an eternal house, in heaven. ** - God will provide a new eternal body for us to live in. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **For in this tent we groan** - AT: "For in this earthly body we struggle" -* **because by putting it on we will not be found naked.** - Possible meanings are 1) We will be clothed in God's righteousness or 2) God will provide new bodies and clothing for us. +Paul speaks of his physical body as if it were a temporary "earthly dwelling" and of the resurrection body that God will give as if it were a permanent "building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if the earthly dwelling that we live in is destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if people destroy the earthly dwelling that we live in" or "if people kill our bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It is a house not made by human hands + +This refers to the "building from God." This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is a house that humans have not made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in this tent we groan + +The word "tent" refers to "the earthly dwelling that we live in." The word groan is a sound that a person makes when they eagerly desire to have something that is good. + +# longing to be clothed with our heavenly dwelling + +The words "our heavenly dwelling" refer to the "building from God." Paul speaks of the resurrection body as if it were both a building and a piece of clothing that a person can put on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by putting it on + +"by putting on our heavenly dwelling" + +# we will not be found to be naked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will not be naked" or "God will not find us naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/04.md b/2co/05/04.md index 4a6d117f5d..377d7d76a1 100644 --- a/2co/05/04.md +++ b/2co/05/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# while we are in this tent -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Paul speaks of the physical body as if it were a "tent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in this tent, we groan -* **we are in this tent** - "While we are in our earthly body" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **we groan, being burdened ** - AT: "we struggle with sin" -* **to be unclothed** - AT: "to die" -* **to be clothed** - AT: "to live in our eternal bodies" -* **mortal may be absorbed by life ** - AT: "our earthly body will be changed into our new heavenly body" +The word "tent" refers to "the earthly dwelling that we live in." The word groan is a sound that a person makes when they eagerly desire to have something that is good. See how you translated this in [2 Corinthians 5:2](./01.md). + +# being burdened + +Paul refers to the difficulties that the physical body experiences as if they were heavy objects that are difficult to carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We do not want to be unclothed ... we want to be clothed + +Paul speaks of the body as if it were clothing. Here "to be unclothed" refers to the death of the physical body; "to be clothed" refers to having the resurrection body that God will give. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to be unclothed + +"to be without clothes" or "to be naked" + +# so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life + +Paul speaks of life as if it were an animal that eats "what is mortal." The physical body that will die will be replaced by a resurrection body that will live forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that life may swallow up what is mortal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who gave us the Spirit as a pledge of what is to come + +The Spirit is spoken of as if he was a partial downpayment toward eternal life. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Corinthians 1:22](../01/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/06.md b/2co/05/06.md index 822e90d18e..fe57396a22 100644 --- a/2co/05/06.md +++ b/2co/05/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:confidence|confidence, confident]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faith|faith]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Because believers will have a new body and have the Holy Spirit as a pledge, Paul reminds them to live by faith that they may please the Lord. He continues by reminding them to persuade others because 1) believers will appear at the judgment seat of Christ and 2) because of love for Christ who died for believers. -## translationNotes +# while we are at home in the body -* **while we are at home in the body** - AT: "while we are living in this earthly body" -* **we are away from the Lord** - AT: "we are not at home with the Lord" or "we are not in heaven with the Lord" -* **at home with the Lord. ** - AT: "live with the Lord in heaven." +Paul speaks of the physical body as if it were a place where a person dwells. AT: "while we are living in this earthly body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we are away from the Lord + +"we are not at home with the Lord" or "we are not in heaven with the Lord" + +# we walk by faith, not by sight + +"we live according to faith, not according to what we see" + +# We would rather be away from the body + +Here the word "body" refers to the physical body. + +# at home with the Lord + +"at home with the Lord in heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/09.md b/2co/05/09.md index 10fa39f8e6..a76b89aaa8 100644 --- a/2co/05/09.md +++ b/2co/05/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# whether we are at home or away -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +The word "the Lord" may be supplied from the previous verses. AT: "whether we are at home with the Lord or away from the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# to please him -* **at home or away** - AT: "in our earthly bodies on earth or in heaven" -* **before the judgment seat of Christ, ** - "before Christ to be judged," -* **may receive what is due** - AT: "may receive the reward or consequence" -* **things done in the body ** - AT: "what he has done while in this earthly body" -* **whether for good or bad** - "whether they were good or evil" +"to please the Lord" + +# before the judgment seat of Christ + +"before Christ to be judged" + +# each one may receive what is due + +"each person may receive what he deserves" + +# the things done in the body + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things he has done in the physical body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whether for good or for bad + +"whether those things were good or bad" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/11.md b/2co/05/11.md index 32bbade32a..69ebce4728 100644 --- a/2co/05/11.md +++ b/2co/05/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# knowing the fear of the Lord -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +"knowing what it means to fear the Lord" -## translationNotes +# we persuade people -* **knowing the fear of the Lord** - AT: "knowing that God hates sin and will judge us for it" -* **that it is also clear to your consciences** - AT: "that you know it also" -* **We are not...** - Paul is referring to his ministry team, excluding the Corinth believers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "we persuade people of the truth of the gospel" or 2) "we persuade people that we are legitimate apostles." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What we are is clearly seen by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God clearly sees what kind of people we are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that it is also clear to your conscience + +"that you are also convinced of it" + +# so you may have an answer + +"so you may have something to say to" + +# those who boast about appearances but not about what is in the heart + +Here the word "appearances" refers to outward expressions of things like ability and status. The word "heart" refers to the inward character of a person. AT: "those who boast about outward appearances ... not what a person is like on the inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/13.md b/2co/05/13.md index d3fc43b268..801e61ff9d 100644 --- a/2co/05/13.md +++ b/2co/05/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# if we are out of our minds ... if we are in our right minds -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Paul is speaking about the way others think of him and his coworkers. AT: "if people think we are crazy ... if people think we are sane" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the love of Christ -* **love of Christ compels us** - "love Christ has for us motivates us" -* **and that therefore all have died** - We are all counted as having died. -* **Christ died for all** - Christ died for everyone. -* **for themselves** - For their own sinful pleasures. -* **but for him who died and was raised** - "but live our life to him who died and was resurrected" +Possible meanings are 1) "Our love for Christ" or 2) "Christ's love for us." + +# died for all + +"died for all people" + +# him who for their sake died and was raised + +Here the word "him" refers to Christ. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Christ, who died and whom God raised for their sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/16.md b/2co/05/16.md index 759b5b475e..09f4645c72 100644 --- a/2co/05/16.md +++ b/2co/05/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +Because of Christ's love and death, we are not to judge by human standards. We are appointed to teach others how to be united with and have peace with God through Christ's death and receive God's righteousness through Christ. -## translationNotes +# For this reason -* **anyone is in Christ** - AT: "anyone who believes in Christ" -* **he is a new creation** - AT: "he has a new nature" -* **The old things have passed away** - AT: "The old way of living and thinking disappears" -* **it has become new** - AT: "we conduct our lives and we think differently than before we knew Christ." +This refers to what Paul has just said about living for Christ instead of living for self. + +# he is a new creation + +Paul speaks of the person who believes in Christ as if God had created a new person. AT: "he is a new person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The old things have passed away + +Here "the old things" refers to the things that characterized a person before they trusted in Christ. + +# See + +The word "See" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/18.md b/2co/05/18.md index 23b3fef437..db49ec61ab 100644 --- a/2co/05/18.md +++ b/2co/05/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# All these things -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:reconcile]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"God has done all these things." This refers to what Paul has just said in the previous verse about new things replacing old things. -## translationNotes +# the ministry of reconciliation -* **who reconciled us** - "who brought us back". -* **ministry of reconciliation** - the ministry of leading people back to a relationship with Christ. -* **in Christ God is reconciling the world to himself** - through Christ's death on the cross, God is leading people back to himself. -* **entrusting to us the message of reconciliation** - God has given Paul the responsibiity to spread the message of God seeking to restore the people's relationship with God. +This can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "the ministry of reconciling people to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# That is + +"This means" + +# in Christ God is reconciling the world to himself + +Here the word "world" refers to people in the world. AT: "in Christ, God is reconciling mankind to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He is entrusting to us the message of reconciliation + +God has given Paul the responsibility to spread the message that God is reconciling people to himself. + +# the message of reconciliation + +"the message about reconciliation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/20.md b/2co/05/20.md index b81af3f430..c18015836d 100644 --- a/2co/05/20.md +++ b/2co/05/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# we are appointed as representatives of Christ -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:reconcile]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has appointed us as Christ's representatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# representatives of Christ -* **Be reconciled to God** - AT: "Come back to God" -* **He made Christ become the sacrifice ** - "God made Christ's death on the cross the acceptable sacrifice" -* **so that in Christ we might become the righteousness of God** - AT: "so that we may have Christ's righteousness in us." +"those who speak for Christ" + +# Be reconciled to God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let God reconcile you to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He made Christ become the sacrifice for our sin + +"God made Christ become the sacrifice for our sin" + +# our sin ... we might become + +Here the words "our" and "we" are inclusive and refer to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# He is the one who never sinned + +"Christ is the one who never sinned" + +# He did this ... the righteousness of God in him + +"God did this ... the righteousness of God in Christ" + +# so that we might become the righteousness of God in him + +The phrase "the righteousness of God" refers to the righteousness that God requires and which comes from God. AT: "so that we might have God's righteousness in us through Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/intro.md b/2co/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4217315416 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### New bodies in heaven ##### +Paul knows, when he dies, he will receive a much better body. Because of this, he is not afraid of being killed for preaching the Good News. So he tells others that they too can be reconciled to God. Christ will take away their sin and give them his righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +##### New creation ##### + +The new creation and the old is probably a reference to Paul's illustrations of the old and new self. These concepts are also equivalent to the old and new man. The term "old" is probably not a reference to the sinful nature that a person is born with, but is a reference to the old way of living or the Christian's former bondage to sin. The "new creation" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Home ##### +The Christian's home is no longer in the world. A Christian's home is in heaven. This is a common metaphor used in Scripture. The use of this imagery in this chapter emphasizes the temporariness of the Christian's circumstances. It gives hope to those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The message of reconciliation" ##### +This is a reference to the gospel. It is a call for those who are hostile to God, to repent and be reconciled to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/01.md b/2co/06/01.md index c71221e452..eb02b7f124 100644 --- a/2co/06/01.md +++ b/2co/06/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] +Paul summarizes how working together for God is supposed to be. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **working together** - "working together with God". Paul is inferring that he and Timothy are working with God. -* **we beg you not to receive the grace of God to no effect** - Paul is encouraging the Corinthians to allow the grace of God to manifest itself in their lives. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **"In a favorable time I paid attention to you** - AT: "At the right time I heard you" -* **Look, now is the favorable time; look, now is the day of salvation.** - AT: "Indeed, now is the right time, now is the day of salvation". -* **We do not place a stumbling block in front of anyone, for we do not wish our ministry to be brought into disrepute. ** - AT: "We live in such a way that no one should falter because of us, or find fault with our ministry." +In verse 2, Paul quotes a portion from the prophet Isaiah. + +# Working together + +Paul is implying that he and Timothy are working with God. AT: "Working together with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we also urge you not to receive the grace of God in vain + +Paul pleads with them to allow the grace of God to be effective in their lives. This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "we beg you to make use of the grace that you have received from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# For he says + +"For God says." This introduces a quotation from the prophet Isaiah. AT: "For God says in scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Look + +The word "Look" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# We do not place a stumbling block in front of anyone + +Paul speaks of anything that would prevent a person from trusting in Christ as if it were a physical object over which that person trips and falls. AT: "We do not want to do anything that will prevent people from believing our message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we do not wish our ministry to be discredited + +The word "discredited" refers to people speaking badly about Paul's ministry, and working against the message he proclaims. This can be stated in active form. AT: "we do not want anyone to be able to speak badly about our ministry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/04.md b/2co/06/04.md index 07ba16e94a..b254eafe30 100644 --- a/2co/06/04.md +++ b/2co/06/04.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wordoftruth]] +When Paul uses "we" here, he is referring to himself and Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# we prove ourselves by all our actions, that we are God's servants -* **we** - Paul is referring to himself and Timothy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **we prove ourselves by all our actions, that we are God's servants ** - AT: "We prove that we are God's servants by the way we live and speak" -* **in the word of truth** - "faithfully preaching the truth" -* **with the armor of righteousness for the right hand and for the left** - Paul is referring to being fully equipped by God with spiritual power for all situations. - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"We prove that we are God's servants by all that we do" + +# We are his servants in much endurance ... in sleepless nights, in hunger + +Paul mentions various difficult situations in which they proved that they are God's servants. + +# in purity ... in genuine love + +Paul lists several moral virtues that they maintained in difficult situations that proved that they are God's servants. + +# We are his servants in the word of truth, in the power of God + +Their dedication to preach the gospel in the power of God proves that they are God's servants. + +# in the word of truth + +"in preaching God's true word" + +# We have the armor of righteousness for the right hand and for the left + +Paul speaks of their righteousness as if it is weapons that they use to fight spiritual battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the armor of righteousness + +"righteousness as our armor" or "righteousness as our weapons" + +# for the right hand and for the left + +Possible meanings are 1) that there is a weapon in one hand and a shield in the other or 2) that they are completely equipped for battle, able to fend off attacks from any direction. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/08.md b/2co/06/08.md index d8a7ca4268..bc00c7ce24 100644 --- a/2co/06/08.md +++ b/2co/06/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul lists several extremes of how people think about him and his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# We are accused of being deceitful -* **We work** - "we" refers to Paul and Timothy. -* **in honor and dishonor** - These are the extremes of how people view Pauls ministry work. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **in slander and praise** - These are the extremes of how people speak of Pauls ministry work. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **as dying and—see!—yet living** - AT: "as dying and yet living, as you see" -* **but are always rejoicing;** - AT: "but always rejoice because of the good news about Jesus Christ" -* **as having nothing and yet as possessing all things** - AT:"as having nothing and yet we possess all the riches of God." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People accuse us of being deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as if we were unknown and we are still well known + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as if people did not know us and yet people still know us well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# see! + +The word "See" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# We work as being punished for our actions but not as condemned to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We work as if people are punishing us for our actions but not as if they have condemned us to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/11.md b/2co/06/11.md index feffa73b4c..51da9a6667 100644 --- a/2co/06/11.md +++ b/2co/06/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:corinth]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul encourages the believers at Corinth to be separated from idols and live clean lives for God. -## translationNotes +# spoken the whole truth to you -* **spoken the whole truth to you** - "spoken honestly to you" -* **our heart is wide open** - AT: "we love you freely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Your hearts are not restrained by us** - AT: "There has been no lack of love by us" -* **you are restrained by your own feelings** - AT: "you have withheld your love from us for some reason" -* **Now in fair exchange—I speak as to children—open your hearts wide** - AT: "Speaking with the simple words of a child, it would only be fair if you show love for us also." +"spoken honestly to you" + +# our heart is wide open + +Paul speaks of his great affection for the Corinthians as having a heart that is open. AT: "we love you very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your hearts are not restrained by us, but you are restrained by your own feelings + +Paul speaks of the Corinthians lack of love for him as if their hearts were being squeezed into a tight space. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your hearts are not restrained by us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We have not restrained your hearts" or "We have not given you any reason to stop loving us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are restrained by your own feelings + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your own feelings are restraining you" or "you have stopped loving us for your own reasons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in fair exchange + +"as a proper response" + +# I speak as to children + +Paul addresses the Corinthians as his spiritual children. AT: "I speak as if I were your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# open your hearts wide + +Paul urges the Corinthians to love him as he has loved them. AT: "love us much as we have loved you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/14.md b/2co/06/14.md index 747a24cef9..c6c937b08a 100644 --- a/2co/06/14.md +++ b/2co/06/14.md @@ -1,32 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:believer|believer]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship|fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:lawless|lawless, lawlessness]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever|unbeliever, unbelief]] +In verse 16, Paul paraphrases portions from several Old Testament prophets: Moses, Zechariah, Amos, and possibly others. -## translationNotes +# Do not be tied together with unbelievers -* **tied together with** - "teamed up with" or "have a close relationship with" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **what share does a believer have with an unbeliever?** - Believers do not have the same values as unbelievers. AT: "what values does a believer share with an unbeliever?" -* **what fellowship does light have with darkness? ** - Light can not coexist with darkness. When light is present, darkness flees. -* **with the demon Beliar** - "Beliar" is another name for the devil. -* **Or what share does a believer have together with an unbeliever** - Believers and unbelievers have totally different values that they live by and those values oppose each other. -* **we are the temple of the living God** - Paul refers to the all the christians as forming a temple for God to dwell in. AT: "we have the Holy Spirit of God living within us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "Only be tied together with believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# be tied together with + +Paul speaks of working together toward a common purpose as if it were two animals tied together to pull a plow or cart. AT: "team up with" or "have a close relationship with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For what association does righteousness have with lawlessness? + +This is a rhetorical question that anticipates a negative answer. AT: "For righteousness can have no association with lawlessness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For what fellowship does light have with darkness? + +Paul asks this question to emphasize that light and darkness cannot coexist since light dispels darkness. The words "light" and "darkness" refer to the moral and spiritual qualities of believers and unbelievers. AT: "Light can have no fellowship with darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What agreement can Christ have with Beliar? + +This is a rhetorical question that anticipates a negative answer. AT: "There is no agreement between Christ and Beliar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Beliar + +This is another name for the devil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Or what share does a believer have together with an unbeliever? + +This is a rhetorical question that anticipates a negative answer. AT: "A believer shares nothing in common with an unbeliever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# And what agreement is there between the temple of God and idols? + +This is a rhetorical question that anticipates a negative answer. AT: "There is no agreement between the temple of God and idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we are the temple of the living God + +Paul refers to all Christians as forming a temple for God to dwell in. AT: "we are like a temple where the living God dwells" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/17.md b/2co/06/17.md index 138056d724..819cbad023 100644 --- a/2co/06/17.md +++ b/2co/06/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Paul quotes portions from the Old Testament prophets, Isaiah and Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# be set apart -* **touch no unclean thing** - The Law of Moses states what can make one unclean by touching it. -* **I will be a Father to you** - AT: "I will care for you as a loving father cares for his children" See (Metaphor) -* **and you will be my sons and daughters** - "and you will be my children" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "set yourselves apart" or "allow me to set you apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Touch no unclean thing + +This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "Touch only things that are clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/intro.md b/2co/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1f80e18728 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:2, 16, 17-18 which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Servants ##### +Christians are said to be servants of God. This is because they are called to serve God in their life no matter the circumstances. This holds true even if one has very challenging circumstances. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Contrasts ##### + +Paul uses four pairs of contrasts: righteousness versus lawlessness, light versus darkness, Christ versus Satan, and the temple of God versus idols. These contrasts are intended to differentiate between Christians and non-Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]]) + +##### Light and darkness ##### +These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses a series of rhetorical questions to teach his readers. All of these questions make essentially the same point: Christians should not intimately fellowship with those who live in sin. These questions are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### We ##### + +It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 6:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/01.md b/2co/07/01.md index 06ca4fb816..a35688ea0f 100644 --- a/2co/07/01.md +++ b/2co/07/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] +Paul continues to remind them to be separated from sin and to seek holiness purposefully. -## translationNotes +# Loved ones -* **Loved ones** - Paul is referring to the Corinthians. -* **let us cleanse ourselves...** - Here Paul is referring to staying away from any form of sin that would effect our relationship with God. -* **as we pursue holiness** - to seek to live a holy life. -* **in the fear of God** - Being humble before the Lord. +"You whom I love" or "Dear friends" + +# let us cleanse ourselves + +Here Paul is saying to stay away from any form of sin that would affect one's relationship with God. + +# Let us pursue holiness + +"Let us strive to be holy" + +# in the fear of God + +"out of deep respect for God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/02.md b/2co/07/02.md index d7a0b01825..d591e5f4a4 100644 --- a/2co/07/02.md +++ b/2co/07/02.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Having already warned the people of Corinth about other leaders who were striving to get these Corinthian believers to follow them, Paul reminds the people of the way he feels about them. -## translationNotes +# Make room for us -* **Make room for us** - "Please make room in your lives for us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I do not say this ** - AT: "I do not reprimand you" -* **that you are in our hearts, to die together and to live together.** - AT: "that we love you enough to live or die with you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **even in all our afflictions** - AT: "despite all our hardships" +This refers back to what Paul said in [2 Corinthians 6:11-13](../06/11.md) about them opening their hearts to him. AT: "Make room for us in your hearts" or "Love us and accept us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is not to condemn you that I say this + +"I do not say this to accuse you of having done wrong." The word "this" refers to what Paul just said about not having wronged anyone. + +# you are in our hearts + +Paul speaks of his and his associates' great love for the Corinthians as if they held them in their hearts. AT: "you are very dear to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for us to die together and to live together + +This means that Paul and his associates will continue to love the Corinthians no matter what happens. AT: "whether we live or whether we die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for us to die + +"us" includes the Corinthian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# I am filled with comfort + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You fill me with comfort" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I overflow with joy + +Paul speaks of joy as if it is a liquid that fills him until he overflows. AT: "I am extremely joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even in all our afflictions + +"despite all our hardships" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/05.md b/2co/07/05.md index c19242804e..bf70559d9d 100644 --- a/2co/07/05.md +++ b/2co/07/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When we came to Macedonia -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:comfort|comfort]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:fear|rest]] -* [[en:tw:fear|troubled]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia|Macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] -* [[en:tw:titus|Titus]] +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and Timothy but not to the Corinthians or Titus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# our bodies had no rest -* **our bodies had no rest** - AT: "we were very tired" or "we were exhausted" -* **the comfort he had received from you,** - AT: "the news of the encouragement that he had received from you Corinthians." -* **when he told us of your great affection, your sorrow, and your deep concern for me;** - AT: "He told us about your love for me, your sorrow about what had happened, and your deep concern for my welfare." -* **so I rejoiced even more.** - AT: "I was filled with joy." \\ +Here "bodies" refers to the whole person. AT: "we had no rest" or "we were very tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# we were troubled in every way + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we experienced trouble in every way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by conflicts on the outside and fears on the inside + +Possible meanings for "outside" are 1) "outside of our bodies" or 2) "outside of the church." The word "inside" refers to their inward emotions. AT: "by conflicts with other people and by fears within ourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by the comfort that Titus had received from you + +Paul received comfort from knowing that the Corinthians had comforted Titus. AT: "by learning about the comfort that Titus had received from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/08.md b/2co/07/08.md index fe296e855d..78177a0a92 100644 --- a/2co/07/08.md +++ b/2co/07/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Paul praises them for their godly sorrow, their zeal to do right, and the joy that it brought him and Titus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **when I saw my letter** - AT: "when I learned that my letter" -* **but sad just for a little while ** - AT: "but you were sad for only a little while" -* **experienced a godly sorrow** - a godly sorrow is a sorrow that leads to repentance. -* **godly sorrow brings about repentance** - A godly sorrow that leads us away from sin. -* **accomplishes salvation ** - AT: "leads us to salvation" -* **worldly sorrow, however, brings about death.** - AT: "however, worldly sorrow has no repentance and leads to spiritual death." +This refers to Paul's previous letter to these Corinthian believers where he rebuked them for their acceptance of a believer's sexual immorality with his father's wife. + +# when I saw that my letter + +"when I learned that my letter" + +# not because you were distressed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "not because what I said in my letter distressed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you suffered no loss because of us + +"you suffered no loss because we rebuked you." This means that although the letter caused them sorrow, they eventually benefited from the letter because it led them to repentance. AT: "so that we did not harm you in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For godly sorrow brings about repentance that accomplishes salvation + +The word "repentance" may be repeated to clarify its relationship to what precedes it and what follows it. AT: "For godly sorrow produces repentance, and repentance leads to salvation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# without regret + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul has no regret that he caused them sorrow because that sorrow led to their repentance and salvation or 2) the Corinthians will not regret experiencing sorrow because it led to their repentance and salvation. + +# Worldly sorrow, however, brings about death + +This kind of sorrow leads to death instead of salvation because it does not produce repentance. AT: "Worldly sorrow, however, leads to spiritual death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/11.md b/2co/07/11.md index d63fa897a7..096c73f1da 100644 --- a/2co/07/11.md +++ b/2co/07/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] -* [[en:tw:zealous|zeal, zealous]] +This word adds emphasis to what is said next. -## translationNotes +# How great was the determination in you to prove you were innocent -* **See what great determination** - "Understand what great determination" -* **produced in you—what great determination in you to prove you were innocent** - AT: "produced in you in order to prove you were innocent." -* **what indignation** - "what anger" -* **what fear** - AT: "what anxiety" or "what dismay" -* **what longing** - "what longing to see me" -* **what zeal ** - "what intensity of purpose" -* **but so that your earnestness for us should be made known to you in the sight of God. ** - AT: "but so that you know, and God knows, how loyal you are to us." +Here the word "How" makes this statement an exclamation. AT: "Your determination to prove you were innocent was very great!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# your indignation + +"your anger" + +# that justice should be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that someone should carry out justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the wrongdoer + +"the one who did wrong" + +# your good will toward us should be made known to you in the sight of God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that you would know that your good will toward us is sincere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the sight of God + +This refers to God's presence. God's understanding and approval of Paul's truthfulness is referred to as God being able to see them. See how you translated this in [2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "before God" or "with God as witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/13.md b/2co/07/13.md index 1c234cb3e1..27e6e20281 100644 --- a/2co/07/13.md +++ b/2co/07/13.md @@ -1,26 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It is by this that we are encouraged -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast, boastful]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:comfort|comfort]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:encourage|encourage, encouragement]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] -* [[en:tw:titus|Titus]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +Here the word "this" refers to the way the Corinthians responded to Paul's previous letter, as he described in the previous verse. This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is what encourages us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# his spirit was refreshed by all of you -* **By this we are encouraged** - AT: "We are encouraged because of this positive attitude that you have for God and for us." -* **For if I have boasted to him about you,** - "I boasted to him about you," -* **I was not put to shame. ** - AT: "and you didn't disappoint me." -* **proved to be true.** - "showed to be true." +Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's temperament and disposition. This can be stated in active form. AT: "all of you refreshed his spirit" or "all of you made him stop worrying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For if I boasted to him about you + +"For although I boasted to him about you" + +# I was not embarrassed + +"you did not disappoint me" + +# our boasting about you to Titus proved to be true + +"you proved that our boasting about you to Titus was true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/15.md b/2co/07/15.md index 7c711540f0..6dfb733034 100644 --- a/2co/07/15.md +++ b/2co/07/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the obedience of all of you -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:confidence|confidence, confident]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] +This noun "obedience" can be stated with a verb, "obey." AT: "how all of you obeyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# you welcomed him with fear and trembling -* **And his affection for you is even greater,** - AT: "Now Titus cares for you more deeply than ever before." -* **as he remembers the obedience of you all,** - AT: "He remembers how obedient all of you were" -* **as you welcomed him with fear and trembling. ** - AT: "as you welcomed him and obeyed with such timidity and trembling" or "as you welcomed him with great respect" +Here "fear" and "trembling" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of fear. AT: "you welcomed him with great reverence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with fear and trembling + +Possible meanings are 1) "with great reverence for God" or 2) "with great reverence for Titus." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/intro.md b/2co/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7916eb1267 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has a very abrupt change. In 7:2-4, Paul finishes his defense. He then talks about Titus' return and the comfort it brought. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Clean and unclean ##### + +Christians are "clean" in the sense that they are in a right relationship with God, and they do not need to be concerned with being clean according to the law of Moses. Ungodly living can still make a Christian unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +##### Sadness and sorrow ##### +Different terms for emotions can have great differences in meaning. The terms "sad" and "sorrow" in this chapter indicates that the Corinthians were upset to the point of repentance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### We ##### + +It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. + +##### Original situation ##### + +This chapter discusses in detail a previous situation. Although some aspects of this situation can be assumed given the information in this chapter, it is best to leave this type of implicit information untranslated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/01.md b/2co/08/01.md index cd023fe8d4..844de95e24 100644 --- a/2co/08/01.md +++ b/2co/08/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia|Macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:sister|sister]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +Having explained his changed plans and his ministry direction, Paul talks about giving. -## translationNotes +# the grace of God that has been given to the churches of Macedonia -* **the grace of God** - the undeserved favor of God. -* **extremity of their poverty...riches of their generosity** - Though the churches of Macedonia have suffered testings of affliction and poverty, by God's grace, they have been able to collect money for the believers in Jerusalem. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the grace that God has given to the churches of Macedonia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the abundance of their joy and the extremity of their poverty have produced great riches of generosity + +Paul speaks of "joy" and "poverty" as if they were living things that can produce generosity. AT: "because of the people's great joy and extreme poverty, they have become very generous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the abundance of their joy + +Paul speaks of joy as if it were a physical object that could increase in size or quantity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# extremity of their poverty ... riches of generosity + +Though the churches of Macedonia have suffered testings of affliction and poverty, by God's grace, they have been able to collect money for the believers in Jerusalem. + +# great riches of generosity + +"a very great generosity." The words "great riches" emphasize the greatness of their generosity. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/03.md b/2co/08/03.md index e0f74daaf4..5b4cc6eb6b 100644 --- a/2co/08/03.md +++ b/2co/08/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they gave -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This refers to the churches in Macedonia. -## translationNotes +# of their own free will -* **For they gave** - refers to the churches in Macedonia. -* **of their own free will ** - "voluntarily" -* **to the saints** - Here Paul is referring to the believers in Jerusalem. -* **and then...to us.** - "and then, they gave themselves to us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"voluntarily" + +# this ministry to the believers + +Paul is referring to providing money to the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "this ministry of providing for the believers in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/06.md b/2co/08/06.md index b4ef79d648..f095b6517a 100644 --- a/2co/08/06.md +++ b/2co/08/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# who had already begun this task -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul is referring to the collection of money from the Corinthians for the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "who had encouraged your giving in the first place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# to bring to completion this act of generosity on your part -* **had already begun the task with you** - Paul is referring to the collection of money from the Corinthians for the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "had encouraged your giving in the first place". -* **to bring to completion this act of grace on your part** - AT: "to return to you and encourage you to complete this ministry of giving." -* **But as you excel in everything** - AT: "Because you do better than expected in so many ways" -* **in faith** - AT: "in your loyalty to God and us," -* **in speech** - AT: "in the way you communicate" -* **in knowledge** - AT: "in comprehension" or "in understanding" -* **in all diligence,** - AT: "in enthusiasm" or "tireless perseverance" -* **and in your love for us** - AT: "and in the way you demonstrate your love for us" -* **make sure you also excel in this gracious work.** - AT: "make sure you do well in sacrificially giving for the suffering saints in Jerusalem." +Titus was to help the Corinthians to complete the collection of money. AT: "to encourage you to complete your generous gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But you abound in everything + +Paul speaks of the Corinthian believers as if they were producing physical goods. AT: "You do well in so many ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make sure that you abound in this generous deed + +Paul speaks of the Corinthian believers as if they should produce physical goods. AT: "make sure you do well in giving for the believers in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/08.md b/2co/08/08.md index 57b21006d8..5dbd81a1a6 100644 --- a/2co/08/08.md +++ b/2co/08/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# by comparing it to the eagerness of other people -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Paul is encouraging the Corinthians to give generously by comparing them with the generosity of the Macedonian churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the grace of our Lord -* **the grace of our Lord** - AT: "the love and undeserved favor of the Lord" -* **he was rich** - AT: "he owns and possesses everything" -* **for your sakes he became poor** - AT: "for your sake he gave up his heavenly home and attributes to come to earth as a mere man," -* **through his poverty you might become rich.** - AT: "through his life of humility and brokenness you might become rich and abundantly blessed."____ +In this context, the word "grace" emphasizes the generosity with which Jesus had blessed the Corinthians. + +# Even though he was rich, for your sakes he became poor + +Paul speaks of Jesus before his incarnation as being rich, and of his becoming human as becoming poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through his poverty you might become rich + +Paul speaks of the Corinthians becoming spiritually rich as a result of Jesus becoming human. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/10.md b/2co/08/10.md index a1f860549e..46e91a2d84 100644 --- a/2co/08/10.md +++ b/2co/08/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# In this matter +This refers to their collecting money to give to the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "With regard to the collection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# there was an eagerness and desire to do it -* **this matter ** - "this matter" refers to the collection of funds for the believers in Jerusalem. +This can be stated with a verbal phrase. AT: "you were eager and desired to do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# bring it to completion + +"complete it" or "finish it" + +# a good and acceptable thing + +Here the words "good" and "acceptable" share similar meanings and emphasize the goodness of the thing. AT: "a very good thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# It must be based on what a person has + +"Giving must be based on what a person has" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/13.md b/2co/08/13.md index f80aaaaec3..6e7c82c03a 100644 --- a/2co/08/13.md +++ b/2co/08/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For this task -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:burden|burden]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +This refers to collecting money for the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "For this task of collecting money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# that others may be relieved and you may be burdened -* **For this task ** - AT: "Asking you to give" -* **should be fairness.** - AT: "should be a fair measure of equality." -* **This is also so that their abundance may also supply your need,** - AT: "Later they will have enough to share with you when you are in need," -* **as it is written, ** - "as it is written in the scriptures" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you may relieve others and burden yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there should be fairness + +"there should be equality" + +# This is also so that their abundance may supply your need + +Since the Corinthians are acting in the present time, it is implied that the believers in Jerusalem will also help them at some time in the future. AT: "This is also so that in the future their abundance may supply your need" + +# as it is written + +Here Paul quotes from Exodus. This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# did not have any lack + +This can be stated positively. AT: "had all he needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/16.md b/2co/08/16.md index db17358e8b..b8b31b5457 100644 --- a/2co/08/16.md +++ b/2co/08/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who put into Titus' heart the same earnest care that I have for you -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] +Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions. This means that God caused Titus to love them. AT: "who made Titus care for you as much as I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# same earnest care -* **same earnest care** - "the same enthusiasm" or "same deep concern" -* **For he not only accepted our appeal,** - AT: "He welcomed our request that he visit you again," -* **but being very earnest about it,** - AT: "and was very eager to see you." +"the same enthusiasm" or "same deep concern" + +# For he not only accepted our appeal + +Paul is referring to his asking Titus to return to Corinth and complete the collection. AT: "For he not only agreed to our request that he help you with the collection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/18.md b/2co/08/18.md index f08deff13b..64a9d8157c 100644 --- a/2co/08/18.md +++ b/2co/08/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# with him -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews|good news, gospel]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"with Titus" -## translationNotes +# the brother who is praised among all of the churches -* **with him** - "with Titus" -* **Not only this, but he also was selected** - AT: "This brother in Christ was appointed" -* **to carry out this act of grace** - to take this offering to Jerusalem. AT: "to carry out this act of kindness" -* **for the glory** - AT: "This service we do for the glory" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the brother whom believers among all of the churches praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Not only this + +"Not only do believers among all of the churches praise him" + +# he also was selected by the churches + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the churches also selected him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in our carrying out this act of generosity + +"to carry out this act of generosity." This refers to taking the offering to Jerusalem. + +# for our eagerness to help + +"to demonstrate our eagerness to help" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/20.md b/2co/08/20.md index 66e0693f75..f22a6400da 100644 --- a/2co/08/20.md +++ b/2co/08/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# concerning this generosity that we are carrying out -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This refers to taking the offering to Jerusalem. The abstract noun "generosity" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "concerning the way we are handling this generous gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# We take care to do what is honorable -* **cause to complain** - AT: "reason to criticize" -* **about this generous gift we are collecting.** - AT: "about the way we are handling this generous gift." -* **We take care to do what is honorable,** - AT: "We are careful to handle this gift in an honorable way," -* **not only before the Lord, ** - So that Paul's actions would be honorable before the Lord. -* **but also before people.** - So the people will see that Paul can be trusted. +"We are careful to handle this gift in an honorable way" + +# before the Lord ... before people + +"in the Lord's opinion ... in people's opinion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/22.md b/2co/08/22.md index 5eb75ef614..1c5364f7c8 100644 --- a/2co/08/22.md +++ b/2co/08/22.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# with them -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:test|test]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] -* [[en:tw:titus|Titus]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The word "them" refers to Titus and the previously mentioned brother. -## translationNotes +# he is my partner and fellow worker for you -* **And with them** - "them" refers to Titus and the previously mentioned brother. -* **partner and fellow worker for you** - AT: "partner who works with me to help you" -* **Concerning our brothers** - "Concerning our other brothers" +"he is my partner who works with me to help you" + +# As for our brothers + +This refers to the two other men who will accompany Titus. + +# they are sent by the churches + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the churches have sent them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They are an honor to Christ + +This can be stated with a verbal phrase. AT: "They will cause people to honor Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/intro.md b/2co/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fe6ac0dc36 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapters 8 and 9 begin a new section dealing with the gift from the churches in Greece to the poor believers in Jerusalem. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:15, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gift to the church in Jerusalem ##### + +The church in Corinth started preparing a gift of money for the poor believers in Jerusalem. The churches in Macedonia also have given generously. Now, Paul is sending Titus and two other believers to Corinth to encourage the Corinthians to give generously. Paul and the others will carry the money to Jerusalem because they want people to know that it is being done honestly. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### We ##### + +It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd and appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: having joy in affliction. This is a counter-intuitive reaction to difficulties. Paul also uses riches and poverty in other apparent paradoxes. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/01.md b/2co/09/01.md index 3d815e2886..531db01d2b 100644 --- a/2co/09/01.md +++ b/2co/09/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia|Macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:minister|minister, ministry]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:saint|saints]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] -* [[en:tw:zealous|zeal]] +Paul continues on the subject of giving. He wants to make sure that the collection of their offering for the needy believers in Jerusalem takes place before he comes so that it does not seem as though he takes advantage of them. He talks about how giving blesses the giver and glorifies God. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Achaia** - Paul is referring to an area of southern Greece, which includes Corinth and surrounding areas. +When Paul refers to Achaia, he is talking about a Roman province located in southern Greece where Corinth is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the ministry for the believers + +This refers to the collection of money to give to the believers in Jerusalem. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "the ministry for the believers in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Achaia has been getting ready + +Here the word "Achaia" refers to the people who live in this province, and specifically to the people of the church in Corinth. AT: "the people of Achaia have been preparing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/03.md b/2co/09/03.md index 50ec3eac00..2ed0c8debd 100644 --- a/2co/09/03.md +++ b/2co/09/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the brothers -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast, boastful]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gift|gift]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia|Macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This refers to Titus and the two men who accompany him. -## translationNotes +# our boasting about you may not be futile -* **the brothers ** - refers to Titus and two unnamed others. -* **the brothers to come to you** - "the brothers to go to you" +Paul does not want others to think that the things that he had boasted about the Corinthians were false. + +# find you unprepared + +"find you unprepared to give" + +# I say nothing about you + +Paul uses this negative statement to emphasize that the same thing is true about the Corinthians. AT: "and you would be even more ashamed" + +# the brothers to come to you + +From Paul's perspective, the brothers are going. AT: "the brothers to go to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# not as something extorted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "not as something that we forced you to give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/06.md b/2co/09/06.md index 2f47513131..6e24fbf09c 100644 --- a/2co/09/06.md +++ b/2co/09/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who sows ... reap a blessing -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +Paul uses the image of a farmer sowing seeds to describe the results of giving. As a farmer's harvest is based on how much he sows, so will God's blessings be little or much based on how generously the Corinthians give. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# give as he has planned in his heart -* **the one who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and the one who sows bountifully will also reap bountifully** - Paul uses image of a farmer sowing to that of the Corinthians giving. As a farmer's harvest is based on how much he sows, so will God's blessings be little or much based on how much the Corinthian church gives. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for God loves a cheerful giver** - God seeks for his people to give willingly and gladly to assist in meeting the needs of their fellow believers everywhere. +Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. AT: "give as he has determined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not reluctantly or under compulsion + +This can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "not because he feels guilty or because someone is compelling him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for God loves a cheerful giver + +God wants people to give gladly to help provide for fellow believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/08.md b/2co/09/08.md index 037af21341..c3fd1d8ec6 100644 --- a/2co/09/08.md +++ b/2co/09/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# God is able to make every blessing multiply for you -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"God is able to increase every blessing for you." As one gives financially to other believers, God also gives more blessings to the giver so that the giver will have everything he needs. -## translationNotes +# so that you may multiply every good deed -* **God is able to make all grace increase in you** - Paul is expressing that as one gives financially to other believers God also gives greater grace to the giver so that the giver will not be in need. +"so that you may be able to do more and more good deeds" + +# It is as it is written + +"This is just as it is written." This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is just as the writer wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/10.md b/2co/09/10.md index bae01b2ccd..e1c1dc8b2e 100644 --- a/2co/09/10.md +++ b/2co/09/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He who supplies -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow,]] +"God who supplies" -## translationNotes +# bread for food -* **He who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food, will also supply and multiply your seed for sowing and increase the harvest of your righteousness** - Paul is using this metaphor to refer to God's provision for the redemption of his people. - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **your seed for sowing** - AT: "your resources" -* **harvest of your righteousness.** - "fruit of your righteosness" -* **and this will bring about thanksgiving to God through us. ** - AT: "and when we give your gifts to those who need them, they will give God many thanks." +Here the word "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will also supply and multiply your seed for sowing + +Paul speaks of the Corinthians' possessions as if they are seeds and of giving to others as if they were sowing seeds. AT: "will also supply and multiply your possessions so that you can sow them by giving them to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will increase the harvest of your righteousness + +Paul compares the benefits that the Corinthians will receive from their generosity to that of a harvest. AT: "God will bless you even more for your righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the harvest of your righteousness + +"the harvest that comes from your righteous actions." Here the word "righteousness" refers to the righteous actions of the Corinthians in giving their resources to the believers in Jerusalem. + +# You will be enriched + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will enrich you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This will bring about thanksgiving to God through us + +The word this refers to the Corinthian's generosity. AT: "Because of your generosity, those who receive the gifts we bring them will thank God" or "and when we give your gifts to those who need them, they will give thanks to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/12.md b/2co/09/12.md index 9ae00813e8..ea37a41553 100644 --- a/2co/09/12.md +++ b/2co/09/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For carrying out this service -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Here the word "service" refers to Paul and his companions bringing the contribution to the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "For our carrying out this service for the believers in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# It also multiplies into many acts of thanksgiving to God -* **For the ministry of this service ** - AT: "For your ministry of giving" -* **needs of the saints** - "needs of the saints in Jerusalem" -* **but is also overflowing in many thanksgivings** - AT: "but is also causing many people to thank God" -* **You have been approved by this service, ** - AT: "Your generosity has proven your obedience and love." -* **you also glorify God by the obedience of your confession of the gospel of Christ and the generosity of your gift to them and to all** - AT: "you also glorify God, not only by your obedience and generosity, but by proclaiming the good news of Christ" -* **for his inexpressible gift!** - AT: "for the gift that cannot be expressed in words, Jesus Christ!" +Paul speaks of the Corinthian believers' act of service as if it were an object that could multiply itself into many objects. AT: "It also causes many deeds for which people will thank God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Because of your being tested and proved by this service + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because this service has tested and proven you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will also glorify God by obedience ... by the generosity of your gift to them and to everyone + +Paul says that the Corinthians will glorify God both by being faithful to Jesus and by giving generously to other believers who have need. + +# for his inexpressible gift + +"for his gift, which words cannot describe." Possible meanings are 1) that this gift refers to "the very great grace" that God has given to the Corinthians, which has led them to be so generous or 2) that this gift refers to Jesus Christ, whom God gave to all believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/intro.md b/2co/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c146e9a0ae --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many English translations indent the line of 9:9, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### + +Paul uses three agricultural metaphors to give instructions about giving to those in need. Their overall purpose is to explain the point that God will reward those who give generously. He does not give specifics about how or when God will reward them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/01.md b/2co/10/01.md index a47cbfcfd0..8b906e6c49 100644 --- a/2co/10/01.md +++ b/2co/10/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bold]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:meek]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:paul|Paul]] +Paul shifts the subject from giving to affirming his authority to teach as he does. -## translationNotes +# by the humility and gentleness of Christ -* **you, by the humility** - "you, in the humility" -* **who suppose that** - "who think that" -* **we are living according to the flesh** - AT: "we act from human motives" +The word "humility" and "gentleness" are abstract nouns, and can be expressed in another way. AT: "I am humble and gentle as I do so, because Christ has made me that way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who assume that + +"who think that" + +# we are living according to the flesh + +The word "flesh" is a metonym for sinful human nature. "we are acting from human motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/03.md b/2co/10/03.md index 65dd263442..a4f1af8755 100644 --- a/2co/10/03.md +++ b/2co/10/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# we walk in the flesh -* [[en:tw:divine]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The word "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. AT: "we live our lives in physical bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# we do not wage war ... we fight -* **wage war according to the flesh** - AT: "fight with human weapons" -* **For the weapons we fight with are not fleshly** - AT: "For we fight with God's mighty weapons, not worldly weapons." -* **Instead, they have divine power to destroy strongholds ** - "They have divine power to knock down strongholds" +Paul speaks of his trying to persuade the Corinthians to believe him and not the false teachers as if he were fighting a physical war. These words should be translated literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wage war according to the flesh + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. AT: "fight against our enemies using physical weapons" or 2) the word "flesh" is a metonym for sinful human nature. AT: "wage war in sinful ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the weapons we fight with ... bring to nothing misleading arguments + +Paul speaks of godly wisdom showing human wisdom to be false as if it were a weapon with which he was destroying an enemy stronghold. AT: "the weapons we fight with ... show people that what our enemies say is completely wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are not fleshly + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "fleshly" is a metonym for merely physical. AT: "are not physical" or 2) the word "fleshly" is a metonym for sinful human nature. AT: "are not sinful" or "do not enable us to do wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/05.md b/2co/10/05.md index 08f2ce2298..05fdd0d21a 100644 --- a/2co/10/05.md +++ b/2co/10/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# every high thing that rises up -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:disobey|disobey, disobedience]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +Paul is still speaking with the metaphor of a war, as if "the knowledge of God" were an army and "every high thing" were a wall that people had made to keep the army out. AT: "every false argument that proud people think of to protect themselves" -## translationNotes +# every high thing -* **every lofty thing ** - AT: "all proud strongholds of human reasoning" or "every false argument." -* **rises up against the knowledge of God** - "speaks against God" -* **we take every thought captive for obedience to Christ. ** - AT: "we lead every thought back to obedience to Christ" or "we take every rebellious thought captive and teach obedience to Christ." +"everything that proud people do" + +# rises up against the knowledge of God + +Paul speaks of arguments as if they were a wall standing high against an army. The words "rises up" mean "stands tall," not that the "high thing" is floating up into the air. AT: "people use so they will not have to know who God is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We take every thought captive into obedience to Christ + +Paul speaks of people's thoughts as if they were enemy soldiers whom he captures in battle. AT: "We show how all the false ideas those people have are wrong and teach the people to obey Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# punish every act of disobedience + +The words "act of disobedience" are a metonym for the people who commit those acts. AT: "punish every one of you who disobey us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/07.md b/2co/10/07.md index 012f5f384e..3476905c7e 100644 --- a/2co/10/07.md +++ b/2co/10/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Look at what is clearly in front of you -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:authority|authority]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, ashamed]] +Possible meanings are 1) this is a command or 2) this is a statement, "You are looking only at what you can see with your eyes." Some think this is a rhetorical question which may also be written as a statement. AT: "Are you looking at what is clearly in front of you?" or "You seem unable to see what is clearly in front of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# let him remind himself -* **Look at what is clearly in front of you.** - AT: "Ponder what should be very clear to you." -* **let him remind himself ** - "let him remember" -* **that just as he is Christ's, so also are we** - AT:"that we belong to Christ just as much as he does."____ -* **build you up** - "promote your growth as followers of Christ" or "help you grow as followers of Christ" +"he needs to remember" + +# that just as he is Christ's, so also are we + +"that we belong to Christ just as much as he does" + +# to build you up and not to destroy you + +Paul speaks of helping the Corinthians to know Christ better as if he were constructing a building. AT: "to help you become better followers of Christ and not to discourage you so you stop following him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/09.md b/2co/10/09.md index 53ec633357..8099f75c26 100644 --- a/2co/10/09.md +++ b/2co/10/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I am terrifying you -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +"I am trying to frighten you" -## translationNotes +# serious and powerful -* **I am terrifying you** - "I am trying to frighten you" -* **serious and powerful,** - "demanding and forceful," -* **not worth listening to** - "difficult to listen to" +"demanding and forceful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/11.md b/2co/10/11.md index cfd8363aaa..156bcd89e6 100644 --- a/2co/10/11.md +++ b/2co/10/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Let such people be aware -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +"I want such people to be aware" -## translationNotes +# what we are in the words of our letters when we are absent is what we will be in our actions when we are there -* **What we say** - "We" refers to Paul's ministry team. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **we say by letter...is the same we as will do when we are there** - Paul is stating that he seeks to live by the instructions he writes. -* **to classify or compare ** - "to rank or compare" -* **have no insight** - "show their ignorance" or "show their lack of discernment." +"we will do the same things when we are there with you that we have written about in our letters while we have been away from you" + +# we ... our + +All instances of these words refer to Paul's ministry team but not the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# to group ourselves or compare + +"to say we are as good as" + +# they measure themselves by one another and compare themselves with each other + +Paul is saying much the same thing twice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# they measure themselves by one another + +Paul is speaking of goodness as though it were something whose length people could measure. AT: "they look at each other and try to see who is better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have no insight + +"show everyone that they do not know anything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/13.md b/2co/10/13.md index bdc61f427a..eb3073806e 100644 --- a/2co/10/13.md +++ b/2co/10/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast, boastful]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews|good news, gospel]] +Paul speaks of the authority he has as if it were a land over which he rules, those things over which he has authority as being within the borders or "limits" of his land, and those things not under his authority as being beyond the "limits." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# will not boast beyond limits -* **beyond limits** - AT: "about things done outside our area of authority" -* **area that God ** - AT: "boundaries of the work that God" -* **did not overextend ourselves** - AT: "did not reach beyond these boundaries" -* **reach as far as you with ** - AT: "travel all the way to Corinth with" +This is an idiom. AT: "will not boast about things over which we have no authority" or "will boast only about things over which we have authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# within the limits of what God + +"about things under the authority that God" + +# limits that reach as far as you + +Paul speaks of the authority he has as if it were a land over which he rules. AT: "and you are within the border of our authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not overextend ourselves + +"did not go beyond our borders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/15.md b/2co/10/15.md index df0d997e7d..c20a9da164 100644 --- a/2co/10/15.md +++ b/2co/10/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# have not boasted beyond limits -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This is an idiom. AT: "have not boasted about things over which we have no authority" or "have not boasted only about things over which we have authority." See how these words were translated in [2 Corinthians 10:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# our own area of work will be greatly expanded -* **boast—beyond the limits—about** - To claim credit about. -* **that our own area of work** - AT: "so that the boundaries of our work among you" -* **another's area.** - AT: "anyone else's assigned area." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will greatly expand our own area of work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# another's area + +"an area God has assigned to someone else" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/17.md b/2co/10/17.md index 9230c1b28e..9693811199 100644 --- a/2co/10/17.md +++ b/2co/10/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# boast in the Lord -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +"boast about what the Lord has done" -## translationNotes +# recommends himself -* **"But let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord." ** - It is only in the Lord that any boasting can be make. +This means that he provides enough evidence for each person who hears him to decide whether he is right or wrong. See how "recommend ourselves" is translated in [2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/01.md). + +# who is approved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the Lord approves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it is the one whom the Lord recommends + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "the one whom the Lord recommends is the one of whom the Lord approves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/intro.md b/2co/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b9cff0b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the last line of 10:17, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + + +In this chapter, Paul returns to the topic of defending his authority. He also addresses the difference between the way he speaks and the way he writes. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Boasting ##### +Boasting is another word for bragging. Bragging has negative connotations while boasting should not. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +In verses 10:3-6, Paul uses many metaphors from war. These are probably used as part of a larger metaphor about Christians engaging in spiritual warfare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort. His new nature will fight against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/01.md b/2co/11/01.md index 96230f9d5a..6597381efa 100644 --- a/2co/11/01.md +++ b/2co/11/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:godly|godly]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] +Paul continues to affirm his apostleship. -## translationNotes +# put up with me in some foolishness -* **put up with ** - "tolerate" -* **with me in some foolishness** - AT: "with more of my foolishness" -* **but you are indeed putting up with me!** - AT: "Indeed, you are!" -* **I promised you in marriage to one husband—to present you as a pure virgin to Christ.** - AT: "I promised to present you as a pure virgin in marriage to one husband, Christ." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"allow me to act like a fool" + +# jealous ... jealousy + +These words speak of a good, strong desire that the Corinthians be faithful to Christ, and that no one should persuade them to leave him. + +# I promised you in marriage to one husband. I promised to present you as a pure virgin to Christ + +Paul speaks of his care for the Corinthian believers as if he had promised another man that he would prepare his daughter to marry him and he is most concerned that he be able to keep his promise to the man. AT: "I was like a father who promised to present his daughter to one husband. I promised to keep you as a pure virgin so I could give you to Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/03.md b/2co/11/03.md index 766ea16459..9399c9ce21 100644 --- a/2co/11/03.md +++ b/2co/11/03.md @@ -1,30 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But I am afraid that somehow ... pure devotion to Christ -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:eve]] -* [[en:tw:eve|Eve]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews|good news, gospel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:preach|preach]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:serpent|serpent, snake]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit]] +"But I am afraid that somehow your thoughts might be led astray from a sincere and pure devotion to Christ just as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness" -## translationNotes +# your thoughts might be led astray away -* **But I am afraid that somehow...pure devotion to Christ.** - AT: "But I am afraid that somehow your thoughts...devotion to Christ just as as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness." -* **For if someone comes and** - "When anyone" -* **or if you receive a different spirit than what you received, or a different gospel than the one you received,** - AT: "a different spirit than the Holy Spirit, or a different gospel than you received from us," -* **you tolerate it well enough!** - AT: "put up with it!" +Paul speaks of thoughts as if they were animals that people could lead along the wrong path. AT: "someone might cause you to believe lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For suppose that someone comes and + +"When anyone comes and" + +# a different spirit than what you received. Or suppose that you receive a different gospel than the one you received + +"a different spirit than the Holy Spirit, or a different gospel than you received from us" + +# put up with these things + +"deal with these things." See how these words were translated in [2 Corinthians 11:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/05.md b/2co/11/05.md index f74cbf1b75..9b8510d017 100644 --- a/2co/11/05.md +++ b/2co/11/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# those so-called super-apostles -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:apostle|apostle]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge]] +Paul uses irony here to show that those teachers are less important then people say there are. AT: "those teachers whom some think are better than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# I am not untrained in knowledge -* **"super-apostles"** - apostles"** - AT: "false teachers that think they are extra special" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **even if I am untrained in giving speeches** - AT: "even if I have not been trained in making speeches" +This negative phrase emphasizes the positive truth that he is trained in knowledge. The abstract noun "knowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I am certainly trained in knowledge" or "I am trained to know what they know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/07.md b/2co/11/07.md index 8f5ca28721..caec3eca92 100644 --- a/2co/11/07.md +++ b/2co/11/07.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Did I sin by humbling myself so you might be exalted? -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews|good news, gospel]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia|Macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin]] +Paul is beginning to claim that he treated the Corinthians well. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement, if necessary. AT: "I think we agree that I did not sin by humbling myself so you might be exalted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# freely -* **of God to you?** - AT: " of God to you without expecting anything from you in return?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I "robbed" other churches** - AT: "I accepted money from other churches" -* **accepting support from them so that** - AT: "churches so that" -* **I could serve you.** - AT: "I could serve you at no cost." -* **And in every way I kept myself from being a burden to you,** - AT: "I have never been a financial burden to you," -* **and I will continue to do that.** - AT: "and I never will be." +"without expecting anything from you in return" + +# I robbed other churches + +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that Paul received money from churches who were not obligated to give to him. AT: "I accepted money from other churches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# I could serve you + +The full meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "I could serve you at no cost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In everything I have kept myself from being a burden to you + +"I have never in any way been a financial burden to you." Paul speaks of someone for whom one has to spend money as if they were heavy items that people have to carry. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "I have done all I can to make sure you do not have to spend money so that I can be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the brothers who came + +These "brothers" were probably all male. + +# I will continue to do that + +"I never will be a burden to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/10.md b/2co/11/10.md index 1440602241..4281514666 100644 --- a/2co/11/10.md +++ b/2co/11/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# As the truth of Christ is in me, this -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +Paul is emphasizing that because his readers know that he tells the truth about Christ, they can know that he is telling the truth here. "As surely as you know that I truly know and proclaim the truth about Christ, you can know that what I am about to say is true. This" -## translationNotes +# this boasting of mine will not be silenced -* **this boasting … will not be silenced…** - Paul will continue to boast through out all of Achaia which is modern day southern Greece. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **And why? Because I do not love you? ** - AT: "I will continue to keep you from paying for my needs, because this shows others that I love you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will be able to make me stop boasting and stay silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this boasting of mine + +This refers to what Paul spoke about in ([2 Corinthians 11:7-9](./07.md)). + +# parts of Achaia + +"regions of Achaia." The word "parts" speaks of areas of land, not political divisions. + +# Why? Because I do not love you? + +Paul uses rhetorical questions to emphasize love for the Corinthians. These questions can be combined or made into a statement. AT: "Is it because I do not love you that I do not want to be a burden to you?" or "I will continue to keep you from paying for my needs because this shows others that I love you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# God knows + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "God knows I love you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/12.md b/2co/11/12.md index a225cbc25f..d70052af85 100644 --- a/2co/11/12.md +++ b/2co/11/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +As Paul continues to affirm his apostleship, he talks about false apostles. -## translationNotes +# in order that I may take away the claim -* **cut off the excuse** - To stop or weaken the claim. -* **wish to be found equal to us in what they boast about** - That these people like to boast that their work is just like Paul's work. -* **For such people - ** - ** AT: "Those people" -* **deceitful workers** - "or dishonest workers" -* **disguising themselves as apostles of Christ.** - These people pretend to be apostles of Christ. +Paul speaks of a false claim that his enemies state as if it were something that he can carry way. AT: "so that I might make it impossible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for which they want to boast + +While Paul's boast was that he "freely preached the gospel" ([2 Corinthians 11:7](./07.md)), his enemies boasted that they could speak well ([2 Corinthians 11:6](./05.md)). + +# they are found to be doing the same work that we are doing + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that people will think that they are like us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For such people + +"I do what I do because people like them" + +# deceitful workers + +"dishonest workers" + +# disguise themselves as apostles + +"are not apostles, but they try to make themselves look like apostles" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/14.md b/2co/11/14.md index 1b42367387..7be36d288a 100644 --- a/2co/11/14.md +++ b/2co/11/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# this is no surprise ... It is no great surprise if -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +By stating this in a negative form Paul is emphasizing that the Corinthians should expect to meet many "false apostles" ([2 Corinthians 11:13](./12.md)). AT: "we should expect this ... We should certainly expect that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# Satan disguises himself as an angel of light -* **And this is no surprise** - "This is no surprise to me" -* **Satan disguises himself as an angel of light** - "Satan pretends to be an angel of light" -* **It is no great surprise if** - "It makes sense that" +"Satan is not an angel of light, but he tries to make himself look like an angel of light" + +# his servants also disguise themselves as servants of righteousness + +"his servants are not servants of righteousness, but they try to make themselves look like servants of righteousness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/16.md b/2co/11/16.md index 86030222c5..fef4529054 100644 --- a/2co/11/16.md +++ b/2co/11/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# receive me as a fool so I may boast a little -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"receive me as you would receive a fool: let me talk, and consider my boasting the words of a fool" -## translationNotes +# according to the flesh -* **Let no one think I am a fool** - There is a difference between Paul doing a little foolish boasting, and actually being a fool who can be easily deceived. -* **receive me like a fool** - Paul is expressing a momentary desire to boast to and about the Corinth church. -* **so I may boast a little.** - AT: "while I boast a little." -* **What I am saying about this boastful confidence is not condoned by the Lord,** - AT: "This kind of boasting is not encouraged by the Lord," -* **according to the flesh, ** - AT; "about their human achievements," +Here the metonym "flesh" refers to man in his sinful nature and his achievements. AT: "about their own human achievements" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/19.md b/2co/11/19.md index 090402665d..64f74100fd 100644 --- a/2co/11/19.md +++ b/2co/11/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# put up with fools -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"accept me when I act like a fool." See how a similar phrase was translated in [2 Corinthians 11:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# You are wise yourselves! -* **For you gladly put up with fools** - "For you enjoy putting up with fools" -* **being wise yourselves!** - AT: "thinking you are wise!" -* **if he causes division among you** - To cause people to be in disagreement with one another. -* **or if he slaps** - "and he slaps" -* **I speak out of shame for we were too weak to do that** - AT: "I shamefully admit that we were not bold enough to treat you like that." -* **Yet whenever anyone boasts** - AT: "Whatever anyone boasts about" -* **I also boast** - AT: "I dare to boast about it also." +Paul is shaming the Corinthians by using irony. AT: "You think you are wise, but you are not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# enslaves you + +Paul uses exaggeration when he speaks of some people forcing others to obey rules as if they were forcing them to be slaves. AT: "makes you follow rules they have thought of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# he consumes you + +Paul speaks of the super-apostles' taking people's material resources as if they were eating the people themselves. AT: "he takes all your property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# takes advantage of you + +A person takes advantage of another person by knowing things that the other person does not and using that knowledge to help himself and harm the other person. + +# I will say to our shame that we were too weak to do that + +"I shamefully admit that we were not bold enough to treat you like that." Paul is using irony to tell the Corinthians that it was not because he was weak that he treated them well. AT: "I am not ashamed to say that we had the power to harm you, but we treated you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Yet if anyone boasts ... I too will boast + +"Whatever anyone boasts about ... I will dare to boast about it also" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/22.md b/2co/11/22.md index 9eb6c4c4a7..6267009730 100644 --- a/2co/11/22.md +++ b/2co/11/22.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +As Paul continues to confirm his apostleship, he states specific things that have happened to him since he became a believer. -## translationNotes +# Are they Hebrews? ... Are they Israelites? ... Are they descendants of Abraham? ... Are they servants of Christ? (I speak as though I were out of my mind.) I am more -* **Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I. Are they servants of Christ? ** - Hebrew, Israelite, descendants of Abraham are different names for a Jew. See (Parallelism) -* **as though I were out of my mind** - "as though I were a madman" -* **I am more** - AT: "I am more a servant of Christ than they are!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **in even more hard work** - AT: "I have worked harder" -* **in far more prisons ** - AT: "I have been in prisons more often" -* **in beatings beyond measure** - AT: "have been beaten countless times" -* **in facing many dangers of death** - AT: "and have faced death many times." +Paul is asking questions the Corinthians might be asking and then answering them to emphasize that he is as much a Jew as the super-apostles are. You should keep the question-and-answer form if possible. AT: "They want you to think they are important and to believe what they say because they are Hebrews and Israelites and descendants of Abraham. Well, so am I. They say they are servants of Christ—I speak as though I were out of my mind—but I am more" + +# as though I were out of my mind + +"as though I were unable to think well" + +# I am more + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "I am more a servant of Christ than they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in even more hard work + +"I have worked harder" + +# in far more prisons + +"I have been in prisons more often" + +# in beatings beyond measure + +This is an idiom, and is exaggerated to emphasize that he had been beaten many, many times. AT: "I have been beaten very many times" or "I have been beaten too many times to bother counting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in facing many dangers of death + +"and I have almost died many times" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/24.md b/2co/11/24.md index a0eda9ef00..7f99573301 100644 --- a/2co/11/24.md +++ b/2co/11/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# forty lashes minus one -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:gentile|Gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jew|Jew, Jewish]] +This was a common expression for being whipped 39 times. In Jewish law the most they were allowed to whip a person at one time was forty lashes. So they commonly whipped a person thirty-nine times so that they would be guilty of whipping someone too many times if the accidentally counted wrong. -## translationNotes +# I was beaten with rods -* **forty lashes minus one** - This was a common expression for being whipped 39 times. 40 lashes was assumed to kill a person. -* ** I have spent a night and a day on the open sea** - Paul was referring to floating in the water after the ship he was on sank. -* **in danger from false brothers.** - AT: "and in danger from people who claimed to be brothers in Christ, but who betrayed us." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people beat me with wooden rods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I was stoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people threw stones at me until they thought I was dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have spent a night and a day on the open sea + +Paul was referring to floating in the water after the ship he was on sank. + +# in danger from false brothers + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "and in danger from people who claimed to be brothers in Christ, but who betrayed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/27.md b/2co/11/27.md index 2a8239b34e..97503edf17 100644 --- a/2co/11/27.md +++ b/2co/11/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# nakedness -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church]] -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here Paul exaggerates to show his need of clothing. AT: "without enough clothing to keep me warm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# there is the daily pressure on me of my anxiety -* **and nakedness** - AT: "and without enough clothing to keep me warm." -* **Who is weak, and I am not weak?** - AT: "When someone is weak, I feel that weakness also?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who has caused another to fall into sin** - AT: "When someone causes a brother to sin"(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **and I do not burn within?** - AT: "I feel mad and angry." +Paul knows that God will hold him responsible for how well the churches obey God and speaks of that knowledge as if it were a heavy object pushing him down. AT: "I know that God will hold me accountable for the spiritual growth of all the churches, and so I always feel like a heavy object is pushing me down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who is weak, and I am not weak? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Whenever anyone is weak, I feel that weakness also." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who is weak, and I am not weak? + +The word "weak" is probably a metaphor for a spiritual condition, but no one is sure what Paul is speaking of, so it is best to use the same word here. AT: "I am weak whenever anyone else is weak." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who has been caused to stumble, and I do not burn? + +Paul uses this question to express his anger when a fellow believer is caused to sin. Here his anger is spoken of as a burning inside him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Whenever anyone causes a brother to sin, I am angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has been caused to stumble + +Paul speaks of sin as if it were tripping over something and then falling. AT: "has been led to sin" or "has thought that God would permit him to sin because of something that someone else did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I do not burn + +Paul speaks of being angry about sin as if he had a fire inside his body. AT: "I am not angry about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/30.md b/2co/11/30.md index 31beb97fe9..746bd5a2c0 100644 --- a/2co/11/30.md +++ b/2co/11/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# what shows my weaknesses -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +"what shows how weak I am" -## translationNotes +# I am not lying -* **what shows my weaknesses.** - AT: "how weak I am." +Paul is using litotes to emphasize that he is telling the truth. AT: "I am telling the absolute truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/32.md b/2co/11/32.md index d0c279a22a..d5ca8593d4 100644 --- a/2co/11/32.md +++ b/2co/11/32.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the governor under King Aretas was guarding the city -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +"the governor whom King Aretas had appointed had told men to guard the city" -## translationNotes +# to arrest me -* **guarding the city of the Damascus ** - guarding the gates of the city," -* **to arrest me, ** - AT: "so that they might catch and arrest me." -* **the wall and I escaped from his hands.** - "the wall and I escaped." +"so that they might catch and arrest me" + +# I was lowered in a basket + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "some people put me in a basket and lowered me to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from his hands + +Paul uses the governor's hands as metonymy for the governor. AT: "from the governor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/intro.md b/2co/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4a6e235f65 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues Paul's defense which started in chapter 10 and lasts through the end of the book. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### False teaching ##### +The Corinthians were quick to accept false teaching about Jesus and Christianity. These other teachers were teaching things about Jesus and the gospel that were different and not true. Unlike these false teachers, Paul lives sacrificially in service of the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]]) + +##### Light ##### +This is a common image in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Paul begins the chapter with an extended metaphor comparing Paul to the father of the bride giving a pure, virgin bride to her groom. Although wedding practices change depending on cultural background, the idea of helping to present someone as a grown and holy child is made rather explicit in this passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Irony ##### + +This chapter is full of irony. Paul is hoping to shame the Corinthian believers with his irony. "You tolerate these things well enough!" Paul thinks that they should not tolerate the way the false apostles treated them. Paul does not think they are really apostles at all. The statement, "For you gladly put up with fools. You are wise yourselves!" means that the Corinthian believers think they were very wise but Paul does not agree. "I will say to our shame that we were too weak to do that." Paul is speaking about behavior he thinks is very wrong in order to avoid it. He is speaking as if he thinks he is wrong for not doing it. He used a rhetorical question also as irony. "Did I sin by humbling myself so you might be exalted?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +In refuting the false apostles' claims of superiority, Paul used a series of rhetorical questions coupled with an answer: "Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I. Are they servants of Christ? (I speak as though I were out of my mind.) I am more." He also used a series of rhetorical questions to express empathy with his converts: "Who is weak, and I am not weak? Who has caused another to fall into sin, and I do not burn within?" + +##### "Are they servants of Christ?" ##### +This is sarcasm, a special type of irony used to mock or insult. Paul does not believe these false teachers actually serve Christ, only that they pretend to. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: Paul boasts in his weakness. This is a counter-intuitive reaction to difficulties. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/01.md b/2co/12/01.md index 336ffa742e..aa549149fc 100644 --- a/2co/12/01.md +++ b/2co/12/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:caughtup]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +In defending his apostleship from God, Paul continues to state specific things that have happened to him since he became a believer. -## translationNotes +# I will go on to -* **I will go on** - "I will reluctantly go on" -* **revelations from the Lord** - Wisdom, knowledge or understanding from the Lord. -* **I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago ** - Paul is actually describing himself which he will make known shortly. -* **whether in the body or out of the body, I do not know** - Paul continues to describe himself as if this happened to another person. AT: "I don't know if this man was in his physical body or in his spiritual body." -* **God knows** - AT: "Only God knows" -* **the third heaven** - This refers to the dwelling place of God rather than the sky or outer space (the planets, stars and the universe). +"I will continue talking, but now about" + +# visions and revelations from the Lord + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul uses the words "visions" and "revelations" to mean the same thing in hendiadys for emphasis. AT: "things that the Lord has allowed only me to see" or 2) Paul is speaking of two different things. AT: "secret things that the Lord has let me see with my eyes and other secrets that he has told me about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# I know a man in Christ + +Paul is actually speaking of himself as if he were speaking of someone else, but this should be translated literally if possible. + +# whether in the body or out of the body, I do not know + +Paul continues to describe himself as if this happened to another person. "I do not know if this man was in his physical body or in his spiritual body" + +# God knows + +"only God knows" + +# the third heaven + +This refers to the dwelling place of God rather than the sky or outer space (the planets, stars, and the universe). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/03.md b/2co/12/03.md index b891d450c9..6d2ee5e838 100644 --- a/2co/12/03.md +++ b/2co/12/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] +Paul continues to speak of himself as though he were speaking of someone else. -## translationNotes +# this man ... was caught up into paradise -* **And I know such a man—** - "And I know that this man" -* **who was caught** - "was caught" -* **paradise** - This either refers to heaven (or "third heaven") or a special place in heaven. -* **and who heard things** - "and heard things" -* **of such a person** - "of that person" +This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "God took this man ... into paradise" or 2) "an angel took this man ... into paradise." If possible, it would be best not to name the one who took the man: "someone took ... paradise" or "they took ... paradise." + +# caught up + +suddenly and forcefully held and taken + +# paradise + +Possible meanings are 1) heaven or 2) the third heaven or 3) a special place in heaven. + +# of such a person + +"of that person" + +# I will not boast, except about my weaknesses + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I will boast only of my weaknesses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/06.md b/2co/12/06.md index b264c6506b..9cd6081527 100644 --- a/2co/12/06.md +++ b/2co/12/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:puffed-up]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +As Paul defends his apostleship from God, he tells of the weakness that God gave him to keep him humble. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **may think more of me than what is seen** - "gives me more credit than what is seen" -* **Therefore, so I would not be puffed up with pride ** - "To keep me from being full of pride" -* **a thorn in the flesh** - "an affliction" or "physical problem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **messenger from Satan** - "servant of Satan" -* **to harass me** - "to torment me" +When Paul speaks of his "thorn in the flesh," he reveals that he is the "man" he spoke of in [2 Corinthians 12:2-5](./01.md). + +# heard from me. I will also keep from boasting because of the extraordinary kind of those revelations. Therefore, so I would not be puffed up with pride, a thorn + +Another possible meaning is "heard from me. Therefore, so I would not be puffed up with pride because of the extraordinary kind of those revelations, a thorn." + +# will think more of me than what is seen + +"gives me more credit than what is seen" + +# because of the extraordinary kind of those revelations + +"because those revelations were so different from anything anyone else had ever seen" + +# Therefore, so I would not be puffed up with pride + +"To keep me from being full of pride" + +# puffed up + +filled with air and so larger than is normal + +# a thorn in the flesh was given to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave me a thorn in the flesh" or "God allowed me to have a thorn in the flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a thorn in the flesh + +Here Paul's physical problems are compared to a "thorn" piercing his "flesh." AT: affliction" or "a physical problem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# messenger from Satan + +"servant of Satan" + +# to harass me + +"to torment me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/08.md b/2co/12/08.md index 1c1b334d25..ff3bf0b30d 100644 --- a/2co/12/08.md +++ b/2co/12/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Three times -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Paul put these words at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize that he had prayed many times about his "thorn" ([2 Corinthians 12:7](./06.md)). -## translationNotes +# Lord about this -* **Lord about this,** - AT: "Lord about this thorn in the flesh," or "Lord about this affliction" -* **"My grace is enough for you,** - "'My favor is all you need" -* **for power is made perfect in weakness."** - AT: "for my power works best when you are weak.'" -* **Therefore I am content for Christ’s sake,** - AT: "That is the reason why I take pleasure in my weaknesses," -* **in distresses,** - AT: "in distresses that I suffer for Christ's sake," -* **for whenever I am weak, then I am strong.** - AT: "for whenever I am weak, then Christ's power is strong in me." +"Lord about this thorn in the flesh," or "Lord about this affliction" + +# My grace is enough for you + +"I will be kind to you, and that is all you need" + +# for power is made perfect in weakness + +"for my power works best when you are weak" + +# the power of Christ might reside on me + +Paul speaks of Christ's power as if it were a tent built over him. Possible meanings are 1) "people might see that I have the power of Christ" or 2) "I might truly have the power of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am content for Christ's sake in weaknesses, in insults, in troubles, in persecutions and distressing situations + +Possible meanings are 1) "I am content in weakness, insults, troubles, persecutions, and distressing situations if these things come because I belong to Christ" or 2) "I am content in weakness ... if these things cause more people to know Christ." + +# in weaknesses + +"when I am weak" + +# in insults + +"when people try to make me angry by saying that I am a bad person" + +# in troubles + +"when I am suffering" + +# distressing situations + +"when there is trouble" + +# For whenever I am weak, then I am strong + +Paul is saying that when he is no longer strong enough to do what needs to be done, Christ, who is more powerful than Paul could ever be, will work through Paul to do what needs to be done. However, it would be best to translate these words literally, if your language allows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/11.md b/2co/12/11.md index 602ecd237d..5f4d99ec52 100644 --- a/2co/12/11.md +++ b/2co/12/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Paul reminds the believers in Corinth of the true signs of an apostle and of his humility before them to strengthen them. -## translationNotes +# I have become a fool -* **I have become a fool!** - "I act like a fool!" -* **You forced me to be, for I should have been praised by you,** - AT: "You should have openly praised my work," -* **for I was not at all inferior to the ** - AT: "for I am not at all less than the" -* **"super-apostles"** - apostles"** - "proud false teachers" -* **For how were you less important than the rest of the churches,** - AT: "The only difference between the other churches I worked in and you" -* **except that I was not a burden to you? ** - AT: "was that I didn't ask you for money to pay my expenses." -* **Forgive me this wrong!** - Paul is asking for forgiveness for not placing a demand on the Corinthians to support him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +"I am acting like a fool" + +# You forced me to this + +"You forced me to talk this way" + +# I should have been praised by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it is praise that you should have given me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# praised + +Possible meanings are 1) "praise" ([2 Corinthians 03:1](../03/01.md)) or 2) "recommend" ([2 Corinthians 04:2](../04/01.md)). + +# For I was not at all inferior to + +By using the negative form, Paul is saying strongly that those Corinthians who think that he is inferior are wrong. AT: "For I am just as good as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# super-apostles + +Paul uses irony here to show that those teachers are less important then people say they are. See how this is translated in [2 Corinthians 11:05](../11/05.md). AT: "those teachers whom some think are better than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# The true signs of an apostle were performed + +This can be stated in active form, with emphasis on the "signs." AT: "It is the true signs of an apostle that I performed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# signs ... signs + +Use the same word both times. + +# signs and wonders and mighty deeds + +These are the "true signs of an apostle" that Paul performed "with complete patience." + +# how were you less important than the rest of the churches, except that ... you? + +Paul is emphasizing that the Corinthians are wrong to accuse him of wanting to do them harm. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I treated you the same way I treated all the other churches, except that ... you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I was not a burden to you + +"I did not ask you for money or other things I needed" + +# Forgive me for this wrong! + +Paul is being ironic to shame the Corinthians. Both he and they know that he has done them no wrong, but they have been treating him as though he has wronged them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# this wrong + +not asking them for money and other things he needed \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/14.md b/2co/12/14.md index a692341946..7a4bb1b1fa 100644 --- a/2co/12/14.md +++ b/2co/12/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I want you -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "What I want is that you love and accept me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# children should not save up for the parents -* **I want you** - AT: "what I want is your love and acceptance in Christ." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I will most gladly spend and be spent for your souls** - Paul speaks of meeting their needs, whether physical or spiritual. AT:"I will gladly spend myself and anything I have for you." -* **If I love you more, am I to be loved less?** - AT: " even if it seems that the more I love you, the less you love me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Young children are not responsible for saving money or other goods to give to their healthy parents. + +# I will most gladly spend and be spent + +Paul speaks of his work and his physical life as if it were money that he or God could spend. AT: "I will gladly do any work and gladly allow God to permit people to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for your souls + +The word "souls" is a metonym for the people themselves. AT: "for you" or "so you will live well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If I love you more, am I to be loved less? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "If I love you so much, you should not love me so little." or "If ... much, you should love me more than you do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# more + +It is not clear what it is that Paul's love is "more" than. It is probably best to use "very much" or a "so much" that can be compared to "so little" later in the sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/16.md b/2co/12/16.md index 0f700f0b3d..8a8a33c431 100644 --- a/2co/12/16.md +++ b/2co/12/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians who think he lied to them even if he did not ask them for money. AT: "but others think I was deceptive and used trickery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# Did I take advantage of you by anyone I sent to you? -* **since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit** - AT: "but others think I was deceptive and used trickery." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **Did I take advantage of you by anyone I sent to you?** - AT: "No one that I sent to you has taken advantage of you!" (See ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did Titus take advantage of you?** - AT:" Titus didn't take advantage of you. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did we not walk in the same way?** - AT: "We all have the same attitude and live alike." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did we not take the same steps?** - AT: "We all do things the same way." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer is no. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one that I sent to you has taken advantage of you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did Titus take advantage of you? + +Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer is no. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Titus did not take advantage of you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did we not walk in the same way? + +Paul speaks of living as if it were walking on a road. Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer to the question is yes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We all have the same attitude and live alike." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did we not walk in the same steps? + +Paul speaks of living as if it were walking on a road. Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer to the question is yes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We all do things the same way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/19.md b/2co/12/19.md index 42098b3192..b555218fa2 100644 --- a/2co/12/19.md +++ b/2co/12/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you? -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] +Paul uses this question to acknowledge something that the people may have been thinking. He does this so that he can assure them that it is not true. AT: "Perhaps you think that all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# In the sight of God -* **Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you?** - Paul clarifies that he is not defending his behavior to them. AT: "Do not think that all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* ** been saying everything for your upbuilding.** - AT: "been saying everything for your spiritual growth." +Paul speaks of God knowing everything Paul does as if God were physically present and observed everything Paul said and did. AT: "Before God" or "With God as witness" or "In the presence of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for your strengthening + +"to strengthen you." Paul speaks of knowing how to obey God and desiring to obey him as if it were physical growth. AT: "so that you would know God and obey him better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/20.md b/2co/12/20.md index 7722eeb017..551040caf5 100644 --- a/2co/12/20.md +++ b/2co/12/20.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# I may not find you as I wish -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gossip]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"I may not like what I find" or "I may not like what I see you doing" -## translationNotes +# you might not find me as you wish -* **I may not find you as I wish, - ** - ** AT: "I may not like what I find," -* **find me as you wish** - AT: "like my response." -* **that there may be ** - AT: "I hope that I will not find" -* **I might mourn for many of them that have sinned before now,** - AT: "I will be grieved because many of you have not given up your old sins" -* **and did not repent from the impurity and sexual immorality and lustful indulgence which they practiced.** - AT: "and have not repented of the sexual sins that they practiced." +"you might not like what you see in me" + +# there may be arguments, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish ambition, gossip, pride, and disorder + +The abstract nouns arguments, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish ambition, gossip, pride, and disorder" can be translated using verbs. Possible meanings are 1) "some of you will be arguing with us, jealous of us, suddenly becoming very angry with us, talking about our private lives, being proud, and opposing us as we try to lead you" or 2) "some of you will be arguing with each other, jealous of each other, suddenly becoming very angry with each other, talking about each other's private lives, being proud, and opposing those whom God has chosen to lead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I might be grieved by many of those who have sinned before now + +"I will be grieved because many of them have not given up their old sins" + +# did not repent of the impurity and sexual immorality and lustful indulgence + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is saying almost the same thing three times for emphasis. AT: "did not stop commiting the sexual sins that they practiced" or 2) Paul is speaking of three different sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# of the impurity + +The abstract noun impurity can be translated as "things that do not please God." AT: "of secretly thinking about and desiring things that do not please God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# of the ... sexual immorality + +The abstract noun "immorality" can be translated as "immoral deeds." AT: "of doing sexually immoral deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# of the ... lustful indulgence + +The abstract noun "indulgence" can be translated using a verb phrase. AT: "of ... doing things that satisfy immoral sexual desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/intro.md b/2co/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e3d2c89a66 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Paul continues his defense. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Paul's vision ##### + +Paul continues his defense as an apostle by telling about a wonderful vision of heaven he had. It was so great, God gave him a physical handicap to keep him humble. When Paul was with the Corinthians, he proved himself to be an apostle by his powerful deeds. He has not ever taken anything from them and now that he is coming for the third time, he will still not take anything. He hopes that when he visits, he will not have to be harsh with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) + +##### Third heaven ##### +Many scholars believe this is a reference to the dwelling place of God. This is because Scripture uses the term "heaven" in reference to the sky (the "first" heaven) and in reference to the universe (the "second" heaven). + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +Paul uses many rhetorical question defending himself against accusations from his enemies: "For how were you less important than the rest of the churches, except that I was not a burden to you?" "Did Titus take advantage of you? Did we not walk in the same way? Did we not walk in the same steps?" and "Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### Sarcasm ##### + +Paul uses sarcasm, a special type of irony, when he reminds them how he had helped them at no cost. He says, "Forgive me for this wrong!" He also uses regular irony when he says: "But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit" to introduce his defense against this accusation by showing how impossible it was to be true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/01.md b/2co/13/01.md index 16200ca661..0c9d1bfcc2 100644 --- a/2co/13/01.md +++ b/2co/13/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness]] +Paul establishes that Christ is speaking through him and that Paul is wanting to restore them, encourage them, and unify them. -## translationNotes +# Every accusation must be established by the evidence of two or three witnesses -* **all the rest ** - This expression means the remainder or everyone else. AT: "all the others." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and I say it again** - "and I repeat" +This can be stated as active. AT: "Believe that someone has done something wrong only after two or three people have said the same thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the rest + +"all you other people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/03.md b/2co/13/03.md index 8872549e8a..debfb2e04e 100644 --- a/2co/13/03.md +++ b/2co/13/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he was crucified -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +This can be made active. AT: "they crucified him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# but we will live with him by the power of God -* **but we will live with him by the power of God** - God give us the power and ability to live life in and with Him. +God gives us the power and ability to live life in and with him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/05.md b/2co/13/05.md index e084719640..b942143b82 100644 --- a/2co/13/05.md +++ b/2co/13/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you not realize this about yourselves that Jesus Christ is in you? -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:confidence|confidence, confident]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faith|faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:test|test]] +Paul asks a question to emphasize his point. AT: "You should know that Jesus Christ is in you!" or "Jesus Christ is in you. You should know this already!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# in you -* **you are not approved** - AT: "you are not saved by faith" -* **we are not unapproved** - Paul is testifying that He and his ministry team are saved by faith in Jesus, the Christ. AT: "we are approved." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Possible meanings are 1) living inside each individual or 2) "among you," part of and the most important member of the group. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/07.md b/2co/13/07.md index e9ed9233a0..471fb87941 100644 --- a/2co/13/07.md +++ b/2co/13/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# that you may not do any wrong -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +"that you will not sin at all" or "that you will not refuse to listen to us when we correct you." Paul is emphasizing the opposite with his statement. AT: "that you will do everything right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# to have passed the test -* **that you may not do wrong,** - "that you won't sin" or "that you will do right" -* **to have passed the test, ** - AT: "to be great teachers and live the truth," -* **able to do anything against the truth,** - AT: "able to oppose the truth of God," -* **but only for the truth.** - AT: "but must stand firm for the truth." +"to be great teachers and live the truth" + +# we are not able to do anything against the truth + +"we are not able to keep people from learning the truth" + +# truth, but only for the truth + +"truth; everything we do will enable people to learn the truth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/09.md b/2co/13/09.md index 3a38bf1444..18c318c821 100644 --- a/2co/13/09.md +++ b/2co/13/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# may be made complete -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +"may become spiritually mature" -## translationNotes +# in the use of my authority -* **may be made complete** - AT: "may become spiritually mature." -* **toward you, using the ** - AT: "toward you. I desire to use the" +"when I use my authority" + +# so that I may build you up, and not tear you down + +Paul speaks of helping the Corinthians to know Christ better as if he were constructing a building. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Corinthians 10:8](../10/07.md). AT: "to help you become better followers of Christ and not to discourage you so you stop following him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/11.md b/2co/13/11.md index c711e34efd..b007fe3fba 100644 --- a/2co/13/11.md +++ b/2co/13/11.md @@ -1,31 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:encourage|encourage]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:kiss|kiss]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:sister|sister]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul closes his letter to the Corinthian believers. -## translationNotes +# Work for restoration -* **Work for restoration** - AT: "Work toward maturity" -* **agree with one another** - AT: " live in harmony with one another" -* **with a holy kiss.** - "with Christian love" +"Work toward maturity" + +# agree with one another + +"live in harmony with one another" + +# with a holy kiss + +"with Christian love" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/13.md b/2co/13/13.md index e2cf2d32b8..04eeebae34 100644 --- a/2co/13/13.md +++ b/2co/13/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:saint|saints]] - -## translationNotes +# the believers +"those whom God has set apart for himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/intro.md b/2co/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72adb2b8ae --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In 13:1-10, Paul finishes his defense before concluding the letter with a final greeting and blessing. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Preparation ##### +Paul is giving instructions in preparation for his upcoming visit to Corinth. He is hoping to avoid having to exercise church discipline on anyone and can have a joyous visit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Power and weakness ##### +These two figures are repeatedly used in this chapter. The are intended to contrast with each other. The translator should attempt to use terms that are understood to be opposites of each other. + +##### "In the faith" ##### +Scholars are divided over the meaning of this phrase. Some believe Christians are to test themselves to see whether their actions align with their faith. Other believe Christians should look at their actions and question whether they are genuinely saved. From the context, it appears that the former is probable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/front/intro.md b/2co/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9fc9b91ba9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Corinthians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 2 Corinthians #### + +1. Paul thanks God for the Corinthian Christians (1:1-11) +1. Paul explains his conduct and his ministry (1:12-7:16) +1. Paul speaks about contribution of money for the Jerusalem church (8:1-9:15) +1. Paul defends his authority as an apostle (10:1-13:10) +1. Paul gives final greetings and encouragement (13:11-14) + +#### What is the Book of 2 Corinthians about? #### + +In 2 Corinthians, Paul continues to write about the conflicts among the Christians in the city of Corinth. It is clear from what Paul writes in this letter that the Corinthians had obeyed the instructions he previously gave to them. In 2 Corinthians, Paul encourages them to live in a way that will please God. + +Paul also writes to assure them that Jesus Christ truly did send him as an apostle to preach the Gospel. Paul thought that it was very important that the Corinthian Christians realize this, because he was apparently always being opposed by Jewish Christians who were unhappy with his message of God's grace for Gentiles, even for those who were not obeying the law of Moses. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Second Corinthians" or "Paul's Second Letter to the Church in Corinth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 2 Corinthians? #### + +Paul of Tarsus was the author. He probably wrote from Ephesus after he lived for some time in Corinth and planted the church there. Paul had been known as "Saul" before his conversion to Christ, when he had been a persecutor of the church. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the city of Corinth like? #### + +Corinth was a major city located in ancient Greece. Because it was near the Mediterranean Sea, many people bought and sold goods there. This caused the city to have people from many different cultures. It was known for its immorality. Its religious practices centered on Aphrodite, the goddess of love. As part of the ceremonies honoring Aphrodite, her worshipers had sexual intercourse with temple prostitutes. + +#### What did Paul mean by "false apostles" (11:13)? #### + +These were Christian leaders who taught that Gentile Christians had to obey the law of Moses in order to follow Christ. It is clear that even after the leaders of the Church had met in Jerusalem to decide this question (See: Acts 15), there was still much disagreement over the matter. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### + +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always plural and refers to the believers who may read this letter. There are two exceptions to this: 6:2 and 12:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in 2 Corinthians ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, 2 Corinthians ULB uses the following principles: + +* Most contexts primarily indicate a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 1:1; 8:4; 9:1, 12; 13:13) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +These kinds of expressions occur in 1:19, 20; 2:12, 17; 3:14; 5:17, 19, 21; 10:17; 12:2, 19; and 13:4. Paul means in general to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. At the same time, he often intends to signal other kinds of relationships. See, for example, "A door was opened to me by the Lord" (2:12). + +Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Corinthians? #### + +* "and in your love for us" (8:7). Many versions, including the ULB and UDB, have this reading. However, many other versions read, "and in our love for you." There is strong evidence that each reading is original. Translators should probably follow the reading preferred by other versions in their region. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +#### What does it mean to be a "new creation" in Christ (5:17)? #### + +Paul's message is that God makes Christians part of a "new world" when a person comes to faith in Christ. This is a new world of holiness, peace, and joy that God gives. In this new world, believers have a new nature that has been given them by the Holy Spirit. Translators should try to express this idea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/01/01.md b/2jn/01/01.md index 6a84572ca4..d818cf4627 100644 --- a/2jn/01/01.md +++ b/2jn/01/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Tradition identifies the apostle John as the writer of this letter. Though possibly addressed to an individual woman, because he writes that they should "love one another," this is probably to a church. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **The elder** - This refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as "elder" either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church. The name of the author can be made explicit: "I, John the elder, am writing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **because of the truth that remains in us and will be with us forever** - This could be translated “because we continue to believe the truth and will forever” -* **The elder to the elect lady and her children** - This is how letters are started in Greek. This could be translated “I, the elder John am writing this letter to you believers.” -* **all those** - This is a pronoun referring to fellow believers. -* **whom I love in truth** - This could be translated “whom I truly love" -* **because of the truth that remains in us** - The full meaning can be made explicit: "because the truth of Jesus' message lives in us since we have believed it, and it will live in us forever." -* **in truth and love** - This could be translated "because they are true and they love us." Alternate translation: "because they truly love us." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +All instances of "you" and "your" in this letter are plural unless noted otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# General Information: + +In this letter, John includes himself and his readers by using the word "us" and "our" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# From the elder to the chosen lady and her children + +This is how letters were started. The name of the author can be made explicit. AT: "I, John the elder, am writing this letter to the chosen lady and her children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the elder + +This refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as "elder" either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church. + +# to the chosen lady and her children + +This probably refers to a congregation and the believers that belong to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whom I love in truth + +"you people whom I truly love" + +# who have known the truth + +who have known the truth about God and Jesus + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in truth and love + +The word "truth" describes "love." Possibly it means "in true love." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/01/04.md b/2jn/01/04.md index 8214a857e2..e360b63482 100644 --- a/2jn/01/04.md +++ b/2jn/01/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# your children ... you, lady ... writing to you -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +These instances of "your" and "you" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# just as we have received this commandment from the Father -* John continues to speak to the church as "the lady." The believers are her "children." (See: [[en:bible:notes:2jn:01:01]]) -* **some of your children** - The word "your" is singular. -* **just as we have received this commandment from the Father** - "just as God the Father commanded us" -* **not as though I wrote to you a new commandment** - "not as though I am commanding you to do something new" -* **but that which we have had from the beginning** - "but I am writing to you what Christ commanded us to do when we first believed. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **that we should love one another** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "And he commanded that we should love one another." -* **This is the commandment, even as you heard from the beginning, that you should walk in it** - The word "it" refers to love. Alternate translation: "And he has commanded you since you first believed to love one another." -* **that you should walk** - The word "you" is plural. +"just as God the Father commanded us" + +# not as though I were writing to you a new commandment + +"not as though I were commanding you to do something new" + +# but one that we have had from the beginning + +Here, "beginning" refers to "when we first believed." AT: "but I am writing to you what Christ commanded us to do when we first believed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# beginning—that we should love one another + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "beginning. He commanded that we should love one another" + +# This is the commandment, just as you heard from the beginning, that you should walk in it + +Conducting our lives according to God's commands is spoken of as if we were walking in them. The word "it" refers to love. "And he has commanded you, since you first believed, to love one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/01/07.md b/2jn/01/07.md index 5589bb6870..4ffb4b5a2b 100644 --- a/2jn/01/07.md +++ b/2jn/01/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:antichrist]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +John warns them of deceivers, reminds them to remain in Christ's teaching, and warns them to stay away from those who do not remain in Christ's teaching. -## translationNotes +# For many deceivers have gone out into the world -* **many deceivers** - This could be translated "many false teachers" or "many imposters" -* **for many deceivers have gone out into the world** - This could be translated "many false teachers have left the congregation." -* **Jesus Christ came in the flesh** - This is a metonymy that means "Jesus Christ came as a real human" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **This is the deceiver and the antichrist"** - This could be translated "they are the ones who deceive others and oppose Christ himself" -* **Look to yourselves** - "Watch out" or "Pay attention" -* **lose the thing** - This could be translated "lose your future rewards in heaven" -* **full reward** - This could be translated "complete reward in heaven" +"For many false teachers have left the congregation" or "For many deceivers are in the world" + +# many deceivers + +"many false teachers" or "many imposters" + +# Jesus Christ came in the flesh + +Coming in the flesh is a metonym for being a real person. AT: "Jesus Christ came as a real human" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This is the deceiver and the antichrist + +"They are the ones who deceive others and oppose Christ himself" + +# antichrist + +"person who is against Christ" + +# Look to yourselves + +"Watch out" or "Pay attention" + +# lose the things + +"lose your future rewards in heaven" + +# full reward + +"complete reward in heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/01/09.md b/2jn/01/09.md index 61896a1d0f..2bcf40b23c 100644 --- a/2jn/01/09.md +++ b/2jn/01/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever goes on ahead -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This refers to a person who claims to know more about God and truth than everyone else. AT: "Whoever claims to know more about God" or "Whoever disobeys the truth" -## translationNotes +# does not have God -* **Whoever goes on ahead** - This refers to a person who claims to know more about God and truth than everyone else. Alternate translation: "Whoever claims to know more about God." -* **does not remain in the teaching of Christ** - "does not continue to trust what Christ taught" -* **does not have God** - "does not belong to God" -* **comes to you** - The word "you" is plural. -* **your house** - The word "your" is plural. -* **participates in his evil deeds** - "shares with him in his evil deeds" or "helps him in his evil deeds" +"does not belong to God" + +# The one who remains in the teaching, this one has both the Father and the Son + +"Someone who follows Christ's teaching belongs to both the Father and the Son" + +# the Father and the Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# receive him into your house + +Here this means to welcome him and treat him with honor in order to build a relationship with him. + +# participates in his evil deeds + +"shares with him in his evil deeds" or "helps him in his evil deeds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/01/12.md b/2jn/01/12.md index 99407953f0..7daa30ae7a 100644 --- a/2jn/01/12.md +++ b/2jn/01/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] +John's letter closes with his desire to visit them and gives greetings from another church. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **and I did not wish to write them with paper and ink** - This can be translated "but I did not want to write them to you in a letter." -* **face to face** - This can be translated "actually with you" -* **joy may be made full** - This can be translated "joy may be complete" -* **The children of your elect sister** - Here John compares this other church to a sister. And the believers that are a part of that church are compared to children. This emphasizes that all believers are a spiritual family. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The words "you" in verse 12 are singular. The word "your" in verse 13 is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I did not wish to write them with paper and ink + +John does not wish to write these other things but would like to come say the words to them. He is not saying that he would write them with something other than paper and ink. + +# The children of your chosen sister + +Here John speaks of this other church as if it were a sister to the readers' church and the believers that are a part of that church as if they were that church's children. This emphasizes that all believers are a spiritual family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/front/intro.md b/2jn/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..107d731f2f --- /dev/null +++ b/2jn/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Introduction to 2 John # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 2 John #### + +1. Greeting (1:1-3) +1. Encouragement and the greatest commandment (1:4-6) +1. Warning about false teachers (1:7–11) +1. Greetings from fellow believers (1:12-13) + +#### What is the Book of 2 John about? #### + +John addressed this letter to someone he called "the chosen lady" and to "her children" (1:1). This could be a reference to a specific friend and her children, or it may refer to a church, a group of believers, in a specific place or everywhere. John's purpose in writing this letter was to encourage the believers and to warn them of false teachers who were taking advantage of their kindness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 John" or "Second John." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Second Letter from John" or "The Second Letter John Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 2 John? #### + +The letter of 2 John was probably written by the Apostle John near the end of his life. John does not identify himself as the author; instead, he calls himself "the elder." The content of 2 John closely resembles the content found in John's Gospel. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is hospitality? #### + +Hospitality was an important concept in the Ancient Near East. It was important to be friendly towards a foreigner or outsiders and provide help to them if they needed it. John distinguishes between offering hospitality towards a well-meaning guest and giving help to a false teacher who opposes the Christian faith. + +#### Who were the people John spoke against? #### + +It is possible that the people John spoke against were those who would eventually become known as "Gnostics." These people believed that Jesus was completely God but that he was not really a human with a physical body on earth. They believed this because they viewed the physical world as evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/01.md b/2ki/01/01.md index 0a27f79125..3eaf510c8e 100644 --- a/2ki/01/01.md +++ b/2ki/01/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Moab -* [[en:tw:Ahaziah]] -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +"The country of Moab" -## translationNotes +# the lattice in his upper chamber -* **the lattice in his upper chamber** - AT: "the wooden boards around the flat roof of his palace" -* **in Samaria** - Samaria was the capital city of Israel. AT "in his palace in his capital city of Samaria" -* **Baal Zebub** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The upper room was built on the roof of the palace. The lattice was made of thin boards decoratively crossed over one another to form a balcony or window covering. AT: "the wooden boards around the flat roof of his palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Baal-Zebub + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/03.md b/2ki/01/03.md index ae6c15e398..9791062b41 100644 --- a/2ki/01/03.md +++ b/2ki/01/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## translationNotes +# the Tishbite -* **the Tishbite** - AT: "who was from the city of Tishbe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?** - AT: "You must not think there is a God in Israel since you are going to get advice from Baal Zebub" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **consult with Baal Zebub** - The word "consult" means to get the opinion of someone about a question. King Ahaziah wanted to ask Baal Zebub if he would get better. -* **You will not come down from the bed to where you have gone up** - When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. Instead he will surely die. +This refers to someone from the city of Tishbe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? + +This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This may be written as a statement. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. AT: "You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# consult with Baal-Zebub + +The word "consult" means to get the opinion of someone about a question. + +# Therefore Yahweh says + +This is Yahweh's message to King Ahaziah. AT: "Therefore Yahweh says to King Ahaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You will not come down from the bed to where you have gone up + +When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. AT: "You will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/05.md b/2ki/01/05.md index cbcf91a8c3..0021e7b5d9 100644 --- a/2ki/01/05.md +++ b/2ki/01/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When the messengers returned to Ahaziah +After meeting with Elijah, the messengers returned to the king instead of going to Ekron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? -* **When the messengers returned to Ahaziah** - AT "So Elijah went to meet the messengers and told that to them, and they returned to the king instead of going to Ekron.(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]])" -* **Is it because there is no God in Israel ... Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?"** - Sharing this remark in the form of a question puts emphasis on the folly of going to Baal Zebub. AT: "I suppose you sent men to see Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron, because there is no God in Israel!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This may be written as a statement. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. See how you translated a similar question in [2 Kings 3:3](./03.md). AT: "You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up + +When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](./03.md). AT: "you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/07.md b/2ki/01/07.md index ae65283934..e5066f10b7 100644 --- a/2ki/01/07.md +++ b/2ki/01/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He wore a garment made of hair -* [[en:tw:word]] - -## translationNotes - -* **he wore a garment made of hair** - 1. "He was very hairy" or 2."his clothes were made from animal hair" -* }} +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. AT: "He was very hairy" or 2) "His clothes were made from animal hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/09.md b/2ki/01/09.md index 99de3f3682..9f0c49d550 100644 --- a/2ki/01/09.md +++ b/2ki/01/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to Elijah -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +The king sent the leader of the army with fifty men to bring Elijah back to him. AT: "Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to seize Elijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# fifty soldiers -* **Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to Elijah** - The king sent the leader of the army with fifty men to bring Elijah back to him. -* **heaven** - "the sky" (UDB) +"50 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven + +The captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. AT: "Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven" or "If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven" + +# heaven + +"the sky" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/11.md b/2ki/01/11.md index fc5a98faa6..cd4bb6b89d 100644 --- a/2ki/01/11.md +++ b/2ki/01/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# fifty soldiers +"50 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven +The captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 1:10](./09.md). AT: "Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven" or "If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven" + +# fire of God + +This means that the fire came from God. AT: "fire from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/13.md b/2ki/01/13.md index 3529b5aaa3..21eb607d8e 100644 --- a/2ki/01/13.md +++ b/2ki/01/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# fifty warriors -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"50 warriors" or "50 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# implored him -* **implored him** - "begged him" -* **these fifty servants of yours** - AT "my fifty soldiers" (UDB) -* **be precious in your sight** - AT: "be of worth to you" or "be spared from death"; The captain is asking Elijah to be kind and spare his life and the lives of the fifty men. +"begged him" + +# these fifty servants of yours + +The captain says that his servants are Elijah's servants to show him honor. AT "my fifty soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let my life and the life of ... be precious in your sight + +Here Elijah's "sight" represents him judgement or evaluation. The captain is pleading with Elijah to let them live. AT: "please consider my life and the life of ... as precious to you" or "consider my life and the life of ... to be of worth to you and do not kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let my life be precious in your sight + +Here Elijah's "sight" represents him judgement or evaluation. The captain is repeating his request for Elijah to show kindness to him and let him live. AT: "please be kind to me!" or "please allow me to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/15.md b/2ki/01/15.md index e57cc32888..931b8e1c15 100644 --- a/2ki/01/15.md +++ b/2ki/01/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Is it because there is no God in Israel from whom you can ask for information? -* [[en:tw:fear]] +This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This may be written as a statement. This is irony because the king is definitely aware of the God of Israel. AT: "You must think there is no God in Israel whom you may ask for information!" or "You fool! You know there is a God in Israel to consult, but you acted as if you did not know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# you will not come down from the bed where you have gone up -* **Is it because there is no God in Israel from whom you can ask for information? ** - AT: "You acted as though there is no God in Israel to consult." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **So now, you will not come down from the bed where you have gone up** - AT "So you will not recover from being injured" (UDB) +When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](./03.md). AT: "you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed where you are lying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/17.md b/2ki/01/17.md index 745e27fbd6..e6a99ddd38 100644 --- a/2ki/01/17.md +++ b/2ki/01/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh that Elijah had spoken -* [[en:tw:Joram]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"what Yahweh had told Elijah that Elijah had spoken" -## translationNotes +# second year -* **according to the word of Yahweh that Elijah had spoken** - AT "just as Elijah had prophesied" -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel?** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"2nd year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the second year of Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah + +This describes the time that Joram began to reign by stating how long the current king of Judah had reigned. AT: "in the second year that Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are they not written ... Israel? + +This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "they are written ... Israel." or "someone has written about them in ... Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/intro.md b/2ki/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa2c75a61f --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 2 Kings 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +2 Kings is a continuation of 1 Kings. + +The story of Elijah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's sovereignty ##### +God is in control of the future. King Ahaziah sent messengers to ask the Philistine god if he would recover from his fall, but this god does not know the future. Because he asked another god instead of Yahweh, Elijah sent the messengers to tell Ahaziah that he would not recover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### +Elijah rebuked the king with a rhetorical question: "Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[2 Kings intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/01.md b/2ki/02/01.md index a72985d431..593c552c72 100644 --- a/2ki/02/01.md +++ b/2ki/02/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So it came about -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"So it happened." This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# a whirlwind -* **So it came about** - "So it happened" -* **by a whirlwind** - AT: "by a strong wind that was spinning around and around" -* **Elisha replied, "As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you.** - AT "Elisha said to Elijah "I solemnly promise you that I will not leave you."" +a strong wind that spins around and around + +# As Yahweh lives, and as you live + +"As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly promise you that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/03.md b/2ki/02/03.md index 58f4e4e449..ca0c252423 100644 --- a/2ki/02/03.md +++ b/2ki/02/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The sons of the prophets -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. AT: "A group of men who were prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you -* **The sons of the prophets** - AT: "A group of men who were prophets" -* **"As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you."** - AT ""As I said before, I promise I will not leave you."" +"As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live, I will not leave you." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:2](./01.md). AT: "I solemnly promise you that I will not leave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/05.md b/2ki/02/05.md index ffb027a1d2..4b6dc65dda 100644 --- a/2ki/02/05.md +++ b/2ki/02/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the sons of the prophets who were at Jericho came to Elisha and said to him -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] +"When Elijah and Elisha came near Jericho, the sons of the prophets who were from there said to Elisha" -## translationNotes +# the sons of the prophets -* **Then the sons of the prophets who were at Jericho came to Elisha and said to him - ** - ** AT: "When Elijah and Elisha came near Jericho, a group of men who were prophets from there said to Elisha" +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](./03.md). AT: "the group of men who were prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you + +"As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live, I will not leave you." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:2](./01.md). AT: "I solemnly promise you that I will not leave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/07.md b/2ki/02/07.md index a12a58d077..fcf9348a63 100644 --- a/2ki/02/07.md +++ b/2ki/02/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# fifty of the sons -* [[en:tw:elijah]] +"50 of the sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the sons of the prophets -* **stood opposite them** - AT: "a short distance from them" -* **cloak** - outer piece of clothing used as a covering -* **The river divided on both sides so that the two of them walked over on dry ground** - AT: "The water of the Jordan River opened up so there was a dry path for Elijah and Elisha to cross over to the other side" +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](./03.md). AT: "the group of men who were prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# stood opposite them + +This means that they were standing, facing them. AT: "stood facing them" or "stood watching them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cloak + +outer piece of clothing used as a covering + +# The river divided on both sides so that the two of them walked over on dry ground + +"The water of the Jordan River opened up so there was a dry path for Elijah and Elisha to cross over to the other side" + +# on both sides + +"to the right and the left." This refers to the right and the left of where Elijah struck the water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/09.md b/2ki/02/09.md index 0dc07e03b4..645161042d 100644 --- a/2ki/02/09.md +++ b/2ki/02/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +"it happened" -## translationNotes +# crossed over -* **It came about** - "it happened" -* **crossed over** - "crossed over the Jordan River" -* **a double portion of your spirit** - AT: "twice as much of your spiritual power" +This refers to crossing the Jordan River. AT: "crossed over the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before I am taken from you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "before Yahweh takes me from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a double portion of your spirit + +Here Elijah's spirit refers to his spiritual power. AT: "twice as much of your spiritual power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/11.md b/2ki/02/11.md index c2bd3b195b..37e0d8bcd4 100644 --- a/2ki/02/11.md +++ b/2ki/02/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# a chariot of fire and horses of fire -* **behold** - "Behold" is a word that is used to show surprise or wonder. -* **went up by a whirlwind into heaven** - "was carried into the sky by a strong wind that went around and around" -* **"My father, my father** - Elisha is calling Elijah his respected leader. -* **tore them into two pieces** - AT: "ripped them in two pieces to show his great sadness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here the phrase "of fire" means that these were surround by fire. AT: "a chariot surrounded by fire pulled by horses surrounded by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# went up by a whirlwind into heaven + +"was carried into the sky by a whirlwind." Translate the word "whirlwind" the same as you did in [2 Kings 2:1](./01.md). + +# My father, my father + +Elisha is calling Elijah his respected leader. + +# tore them into two pieces + +People would often tear their clothes as a sign of great sadness or grief. AT: "ripped them in two pieces to show his great sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/13.md b/2ki/02/13.md index 06f5153e31..5b4c74c660 100644 --- a/2ki/02/13.md +++ b/2ki/02/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# cloak -* [[en:tw:god]] +The cloak was the otter clothing of a prophet. It was the sign of his job. When Elisha took Elijah's cloak he was saying he was taking Elijah's place as prophet. -## translationNotes +# Where is Yahweh, the God of Elijah? -* **cloak** - The cloak was the otter clothing of a prophet. It was the sign of his job. When Elisha took Elijah's cloak he was saying he was taking Elijah's place as prophet. -* **Where is Yahweh, the God of Elijah?** - AT: "Yahweh, the God of Elijah, are you here with me?" -* **they divided on both sides and Elisha crossed over** - Like before with Elijah, the river separated and Elisha walked to the other side on dry ground. +Elisha is asking if Yahweh is with him as he was with Elijah. AT: "Yahweh, the God of Elijah, are you here with me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they divided on both sides and Elisha crossed over + +The river separated and Elisha walked to the other side on dry ground, the same way he did previously when he was with Elijah. + +# on both sides + +"to the right and the left." This refers to the right and the left of where Elijah struck the water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/15.md b/2ki/02/15.md index 09776caf48..bf77e216d5 100644 --- a/2ki/02/15.md +++ b/2ki/02/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the sons of the prophets -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](./03.md). AT: "the group of prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# bowed themselves to the ground before him -* **bowed themselves to the ground before him** - They are showing him deep respect and acknowledging him as their new leader. -* **The spirit of Elijah does rest on Elisha!** - AT: "Elisha does have the same spiritual power that Elijah did!" or "The spiritual power Elijah had is now with Elisha!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in case the Spirit of Yahweh has taken him up and thrown him onto some mountain or into some valley** - The sons of the prophets did not know for sure if Yahweh had taken Elijah to heaven or to another place, like a mountain or valley. +They are showing him deep respect and acknowledging him as their new leader. + +# The spirit of Elijah does rest on Elisha + +Here Elijah's "spirit" refers to his spiritual power. This speaks of Elisha having this spiritual power as if it were something that physically rested upon him. AT: "Elisha does have the same spiritual power that Elijah did" or "The spiritual power Elijah had is now with Elisha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# See now, among your servants there are fifty strong men. Let them go + +These men are referring to themselves when they say "fifty strong men." AT: "See now, we are fifty strong men and we are now your servants. Let us go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fifty strong men + +"50 strong men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/17.md b/2ki/02/17.md index 01942ae099..6ae67ac841 100644 --- a/2ki/02/17.md +++ b/2ki/02/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# But when they urged Elisha until he was ashamed -* [[en:tw:shame]] +The sons of the prophets kept asking Elisha until he felt bad about saying "no." AT: "They kept asking Elisha until he felt bad for denying their request, so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Did I not say to you, 'Do not go'? -* **urged Elisha until he was ashamed** - The sons of the prophets kept asking Elisha until he felt bad about saying no. -* **Did I not say to you, 'Do not go'?** - AT: "I told you that you should not go, because you would not find him!" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he had told them previously what would happen. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I told you that you should not go, because you would not find him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/19.md b/2ki/02/19.md index a195bf0a32..b795e2e0d5 100644 --- a/2ki/02/19.md +++ b/2ki/02/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The men of the city -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:beg|beg]] +"The leaders of the city" -## translationNotes +# the situation of this city is pleasant -* **men of the city** - AT: "the leaders of the city" -* **the situation of this city is pleasant** - AT: "this city is in a good place" or "this city is in a good location" -* **as my master can see** - AT "as you can see" -* **fruitful** - "producing good crops" +This means that the city is located in a good place. AT: "this city is in a good place" or "this city is in a good location" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as my master can see + +The men refer to Elisha here as "my master" to honor him. + +# fruitful + +"producing good crops" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/21.md b/2ki/02/21.md index c27e7cc1b3..a4df191293 100644 --- a/2ki/02/21.md +++ b/2ki/02/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# healed these waters -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This speaks of Yahweh making the bad water pure as if he healed it. AT: "made the waters pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# there will be no more death or unfruitful land -* **healed these waters** - Yahweh made the water become good and pure again. -* **there will be no more death or unfruitful land** - AT: "there will be no more death or problems with crops caused by this water": or "this water will not cause death or crop failure any more" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This refers to things caused by the bad water. This also can be written in positive form. AT: "there will be no more death or problems with crops caused by this water" or "from now on this water will bring life and help the land become fruitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# the waters were healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the waters have remained pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to this day, ... spoke + +This means that something remains in a certain condition until the present time. AT: "by the word which Elisha spoke, and have always remained pure since" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/23.md b/2ki/02/23.md index b6d60e5158..e299a89187 100644 --- a/2ki/02/23.md +++ b/2ki/02/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# went up from there to Bethel -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +The phrase "went up" is used her because Bethel is higher in elevation than Jericho. -## translationNotes +# Go up -* **Go up** - +The young boys wanted Elisha to go away from them and expressed this by saying "go up." AT: "Go away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# baldhead + +A bald person does not have any hair on their head. The young boys were mocking Elisha for having a bald head. + +# forty-two of the boys + +"42 of the boys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/intro.md b/2ki/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae49937d82 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Kings 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter ends the story of Elijah and begins the story of Elisha. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +Elisha replaces Elijah as the chief prophet of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/01.md b/2ki/03/01.md index 3cdd941d0a..4f24e25378 100644 --- a/2ki/03/01.md +++ b/2ki/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:joram]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This describes the time that Joram began to reign by stating how long the current king of Judah had reigned. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "in the eighteenth year that Jehoshaphat was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the eighteenth year -* **He did evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "He did things that Yahweh said were evil"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he held on to the sins** - AT: "he continued to commit the sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **He did not leave from them** - AT: "He did not stop doing them" +"the 18th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Joram son of Ahab + +Sometimes this man is referred to as "Jehoram." This is not the same person as the man mentioned in [2 Kings 1:17](../01/17.md) named "Jehoram." + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +Here "sight" refers to Yahweh's thoughts or opinion. AT: "what Yahweh considers to be evil" or "what is evil in Yahweh's judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but not like his father and his mother + +This compares how much evil he did to being less that the amount that his parents did. AT: "but he did not do as much evil as his father and mother had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the sacred stone pillar of Baal + +This pillar was used in the worship of Baal, though it is unknown what the pillar looked like. AT: "the sacred stone pillar for worshiping Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# he held on to the sins + +This is an idiom. Here "holding on" to something means to continue doing it. AT: "he continued to commit the sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Nebat + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he did not turn away from them + +"Turning away" from something is an idiom which means to stop doing it. AT: "he did not stop committing those sins" or "he continued committing those sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/04.md b/2ki/03/04.md index a2dedab725..ece4a0bd46 100644 --- a/2ki/03/04.md +++ b/2ki/03/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He had to give to the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Mesha had to give these things to the king of Israel because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Every year he was forced to give 100,000 lambs and the wool from 100,000 rams to the king of Israel, because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# 100,000 lambs ... 100,000 rams -* **He had to give to the king of Israel** - "Every year he was forced to give ... to the king of Israel" (UDB); Mesha had to give these things to the king of Israel because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **to mobilize all Israel for war** - AT: "to prepare the people of Israel for war" or "to get the people of Israel ready to go to war" +"one hundred thousand lambs ... one hundred thousand rams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to mobilize all Israel for war + +"to prepare the people of Israel for war." Here "all Israel" refers to all of the Israelite soldiers. AT: "to mobilize all of the Israelite soldiers for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/07.md b/2ki/03/07.md index 485abeef8e..b50ee029c5 100644 --- a/2ki/03/07.md +++ b/2ki/03/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +King Joram continues speaking to King Jehoshaphat. -## translationNotes +# Will you go with me against Moab to battle? -* King Joram continues speaking to King Jehoshaphat. -* **Will you go with me against Moab to battle?** - Here "Moab" stands for "the army." AT: "Will you go with me to fight against the army of Moab?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I will go** - Jehoshaphat is saying that he and his entire army will fight with King Joram against Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses** - Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use all of his people and horses as if they were his own. -* **By way of the wilderness of Edom** - To get to Moab from where they were, they would go through Jerusalem and around the southern end of the Dead Sea and into Edom. +The word "you" refers to Jehoshaphat, but refers to both him and his army. Here "Moab" stands for "the army of Moab." AT: "Will you and your army go with me to fight against the army of Moab?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will go + +Jehoshaphat is saying that he and his entire army will fight with King Joram against Moab. AT: "We will go with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses + +Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use himself, his people, and his horses for his purposes. He speaks of this as if they belonged to Joram. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "We are ready to do whatever you want us to. My soldiers and my horses are ready to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# By way of the wilderness of Edom + +"By going through the wilderness of Edom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/09.md b/2ki/03/09.md index c59db3e598..66a811d2c0 100644 --- a/2ki/03/09.md +++ b/2ki/03/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the kings of Israel, Judah, and Edom -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. AT: "the kings of Israel, Judah, and Edom and their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# marched in a semicircle -* **marched in a semicircle** - This describes the indirect way they traveled as mentioned in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:03:07]]. -* **What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings together so Moab will defeat us?** - The kings remarks here are put into the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **so Moab will defeat us** - AT: "so the army of Moab will defeat us"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This describes the indirect way they traveled as mentioned in [2 Kings 3:08](./07.md). + +# semicircle + +An arc that is shaped like half a circle. + +# There was no water found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They found no water" or "They did not find any water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings to give them into the hand of Moab? + +The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. This can be written as a statement. AT: "It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to give them into the hand of Moab + +Here "Moab" refers to its army. Also, "the hand of Moab" refers to the "control" of Moab's army. AT: "to give us over to Moab's control" or "so the army of Moab will defeat us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/11.md b/2ki/03/11.md index 47888f7fcc..6db49f168e 100644 --- a/2ki/03/11.md +++ b/2ki/03/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Is there not here a prophet of Yahweh, that we may consult Yahweh by him? -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Jehoshaphat uses a rhetorical question here to state that he is certain that there is a prophet there and to find out where he is. This may be written as a statement. AT: "I am sure there is a prophet of Yahweh here! Tell me where one is, so we may consult Yahweh by him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Shaphat -* **who poured water on the hands of Elijah** - AT: "who was a helper to Elijah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **went down to him** - AT: "went to see Elisha to ask him what they should do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who poured water on the hands of Elijah + +This idiom means that he was Elijah's helper. The phrase "poured water on the hands" is a description of one of the ways he served Elijah. AT: "who was a helper to Elijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The word of Yahweh is with him + +This means that he is a prophet and that Yahweh tells him what to say. AT: "He speaks what Yahweh tells him to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# went down to him + +They went to see Elijah and to consult with him about what they should do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "went to see Elisha to ask him what they should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/13.md b/2ki/03/13.md index 8b6cdc2db4..1fa2b299d1 100644 --- a/2ki/03/13.md +++ b/2ki/03/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# What have I to do with you? -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he and the king have nothing in common. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have nothing to do with you." or "I have nothing in common with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# to give them into the hand of Moab -* **What have I to do with you? ** - AT: "I have nothing to do with you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **As Yahweh of hosts lives** - "As I know that Yahweh of hosts lives" -* **before whom I stand** - AT: "and I am ready to serve him" -* **I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat** - Elijah respects the man, King Jehoshaphat, not just that he is present. -* **I would not pay any attention to you, or even look at you** - Elisha is making a strong statement, making it clear that he did not want to be involved. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here the "hand of Moab" refers the Moab's "control." AT: "to give them over to the control of Moab" or "to allow them to be captured by the Moabite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely + +"As I know that Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty that, if it were not for Jehoshaphat being there, he would not pay attention to Joram. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "As surely as Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, I promise you, if it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# before whom I stand + +Here serving Yahweh is spoken of as standing in his presence. AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# were it not for the fact that I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, I would not pay any attention to you + +This can be written in positive form. AT: "I pay attention to you only because I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat + +Here Jehoshaphat is referred to by his presence. AT: "I honor Jehoshaphat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I would not pay any attention to you, or even look at you + +These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize that he would not pay any attention to Joram. AT: "I would not have anything at all to do with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/15.md b/2ki/03/15.md index b1e9b9c406..3c93912acb 100644 --- a/2ki/03/15.md +++ b/2ki/03/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then it came to pass -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"And it happened that" -## translationNotes +# harpist -* **harpist** - A harpist is someone who plays the harp. -* **hand of Yahweh** - Here "​hand"​ is used to represent power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **full of trenches** - A trench is a long ditch that workers dig in the ground, where water can collect. +someone who plays the harp + +# the hand of Yahweh came upon Elisha + +Here Yahweh's "hand" refers to his "power." AT: "the power of Yahweh came upon Elisha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# trenches + +A trench is a long ditch that workers dig in the ground to collect water. + +# this river valley will be filled with water + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will fill this river valley with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will drink + +This refers to drinking the water that Yahweh provides. AT: "you will drink the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/18.md b/2ki/03/18.md index 4a58e14077..77859cbf56 100644 --- a/2ki/03/18.md +++ b/2ki/03/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This is an easy thing in the sight of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "Yahweh considers this as an easy thing to do" or "This is an easy thing for Yahweh to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# fortified city -* **This is an easy thing** - This would remind the people that if it is easy for Yahweh to make water appear, he would also help them defeat the Moabites. -* **in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "for Yahweh to do" (UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **fortified city** - A fortified city is well protected from enemies, by using things such as high walls or good locations. +A fortified city is well protected from enemies by such things as high walls or a easily defensible location. + +# ruin every good piece of land with rocks + +This means to put rocks on the fertile land so that it is difficult to use. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "ruin every good piece of land by covering them with rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/20.md b/2ki/03/20.md index 9abaf80f76..ed80c19592 100644 --- a/2ki/03/20.md +++ b/2ki/03/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# there came water -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"water began flowing" -## translationNotes +# the country was filled with water -* **country** - "land" or "ground" +"and soon the country became filled with water" + +# country + +"land" or "ground" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/21.md b/2ki/03/21.md index de2af88fb0..758aba9dea 100644 --- a/2ki/03/21.md +++ b/2ki/03/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about the Moabite army preparing to meet the three kings and their armies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# all who were able to put on armor -* **all who were able to put on armor** - AT: "all the men who could fight";​ Here "​armor"​ represents ability to fight. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The kings** - AT: "The kings and their armies"; Here "the kings" represent their armies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **it looked as red as blood** - AT: "it was red like blood"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **plunder them** - "steal their belongings"; After an army defeated their enemies, they would often plunder their towns by stealing whatever was left of value. +Here "armor" represents ability to fight. AT: "all the men who could fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the kings had come + +Here the word "kings" refers to both the kings and their armies. AT: "the kings had come with their armies" or "the kings and their armies had come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# it looked as red as blood + +This compares the red appearance of the water to the color of blood. AT: "it was red like blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# So now, Moab + +The soldiers are referring to themselves here as "Moab." AT: "soldiers of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# plunder them + +"steal their belongings." After an army defeated their enemies, they would often plunder their towns by stealing whatever was left of value. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/24.md b/2ki/03/24.md index 148e43aac2..38337bd4f9 100644 --- a/2ki/03/24.md +++ b/2ki/03/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# camp of Israel -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +Here "Israel" refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. AT: "the area where the Israelite soldiers had set up their tents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the Israelites surprised -* **camp of Israel** - AT: "the area where the Israelite soldiers had set up their tents" (UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **fled before them** - "ran away from them" -* **The army of Israel drove the Moabites across the land** - The Moabite army ran away from the army of Israel, and the army of Israel chased them. -* **Kir Hareseth** - This is the capital of Moab. The name may mean "city of the sun" or "new city." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **where they left the rocks in place** - The walls and buildings of the city were made of stones. +Here "Israelites" refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. AT: "the Israelite soldiers surprised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# fled before them + +"ran away from them" + +# Kir Hareseth + +This is the capital of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# was left with its rocks in place + +The walls and buildings of the city were made of stones. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "still had its stone walls and buildings in place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with slings + +A "sling" is piece of animal skin with long cords at both ends in which a person can put a stone or other small, hard object and throw it a long distance. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/26.md b/2ki/03/26.md index 31214a6095..6f42f78ab1 100644 --- a/2ki/03/26.md +++ b/2ki/03/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# King Mesha -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Translate the name of this king the same as you did in [2 Kings 3:4](./04.md). -## translationNotes +# that the battle was lost -* **swordsmen** - "soldiers who fought using swords"; A sword is a flat-bladed metal weapon used to cut or stab. -* **break through** - King Mesha wanted to go through the Israelite army with his men to go ask the King of Edom and his army for their help in the battle. ​ -* **offered him as a burnt offering** - King Mesha burned his son with fire until he died. He did this as an offering to the false god of Moab, Chemosh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"that his army was being defeated" + +# seven hundred swordsmen + +"700 swordsmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# swordsmen + +soldiers who fight with swords + +# break through + +"force their way through." There were many soldiers fighting on the battlefield which made it difficult to move though the crowd. + +# offered him as a burnt offering + +King Mesha burned his son with fire until he died. He did this as an offering to Chemosh, the false god of Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So there was great anger against Israel + +Here the word "anger" can be expressed as a verb. There are two possibilities for who is angry here: 1) The Moabite soldiers. AT: "So the Moabite soldiers were very angry with Israel" or 2) God. AT: "So God was very angry with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/intro.md b/2ki/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..68e86c2f1f --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# 2 Kings 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Elisha continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Victory and defeat ##### +God is in control of victory and defeat. The armies of Israel, Judah and Edom united to attack Moab from the desert for failure to pay tribute. When they ran out of water, they were in desperate condition. Therefore, they asked Elisha (the prophet of God) what to do and he said God would give them water and victory over Moab. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +They described Elisha with the idiom, "who poured water on the hands of Elijah," meaning "who served Elijah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Anger ##### +It is said that, "Anger came on Israel." It is not clear who was angry or why they were angry. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/01.md b/2ki/04/01.md index f11cace5bb..39d18a8b4a 100644 --- a/2ki/04/01.md +++ b/2ki/04/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the sons of the prophets -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). AT: "the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Your servant my husband -* **the wife of one of the sons of the prophets** - "a woman who had been married to one of the prophets"​ -* **Your servant my husband** - "My husband, who was your servant"​ -* **creditor** - A creditor is a person who lends other people money. -* **Your servant has nothing** - The woman is referring to herself as Elisha's servant. AT: "I have nothing" -* **except a pot of oil** - The only valuable thing she had was a jar of oil. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"My husband, who was your servant" + +# creditor + +person who lends other people money + +# Your servant has nothing + +The woman refers to herself as Elisha's servant to show him honor. + +# nothing in the house, except a pot of oil + +This is an exaggeration. The only valuable thing she had was a jar of oil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/03.md b/2ki/04/03.md index f0581a1410..6e82dc67f6 100644 --- a/2ki/04/03.md +++ b/2ki/04/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# you must go inside -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for these verses. +This means to go inside their house. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "you must go inside your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/05.md b/2ki/04/05.md index 91ae15b56c..f34a44fe7e 100644 --- a/2ki/04/05.md +++ b/2ki/04/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the vessels - -## translationNotes - -* **So she left Elisha and shut the door behind her** - This implies she did what Elisha told her to do in the previous verse (see UDB). It was important to know that she did exactly what Elisha said to do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +"the jars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/07.md b/2ki/04/07.md index 429213ecb2..003ea69371 100644 --- a/2ki/04/07.md +++ b/2ki/04/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the man of God -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This refers to Elisha. AT: "Elisha, the man of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# live with your sons on the rest -* **the man of God** - "​Elisha"​ -* **live with your sons on the rest** - AT: "use the rest of the money for you and your sons for what you need to live." +This is an idiom. It means to use the money to buy the things that they need, such as food and clothing. AT: "use the rest of the money for you and your sons for what you need to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/08.md b/2ki/04/08.md index e074546386..2ade385366 100644 --- a/2ki/04/08.md +++ b/2ki/04/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Shunem -* [[en:tw:holy]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# she urged him to eat food with her -* **she urged him to eat food with her** - AT: "she asked him to come to her house to have a meal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **passed by** - "traveled through Shunem" -* **See, now I realize** - "Now I understand" -* **who is always passing by** - "who travels by regularly" +This means that she asked him to stop and have a meal at her house. AT: "she asked him to come to her house to have a meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# passed by + +"traveled through Shunem" + +# See, now I realize + +"Now I understand" + +# who is always passing by + +"who travels by regularly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/10.md b/2ki/04/10.md index 40e543d497..7cb8f039ac 100644 --- a/2ki/04/10.md +++ b/2ki/04/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The important woman continues talking to her husband about Elisha. -## translationNotes +# Let us -* The important woman continues talking to her husband about Elisha. -* **Let us** - Here "us" refers to the important woman (from verse 8) and her husband. +Here "us" refers to the important woman and her husband. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/12.md b/2ki/04/12.md index 3a69eb3b44..23605adee4 100644 --- a/2ki/04/12.md +++ b/2ki/04/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Gehazi -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Call this Shunammite -* **Gehazi** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Call this Shunammite** - Shunammite refers to the woman from Shunem that Elisha was staying with. -* **You have gone to all this trouble to care for us. What can be done for you?** - AT: "You have shown much kindness and concern for us. What can we do for you?" -* **I live among my own people** - AT: "I live surrounded by my family, and because they take care of me, I have no needs." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +"Call the Shunammite woman." This refers to the woman from Shunem that Elisha was staying with. + +# You have gone to all this trouble to care for us + +The phrase "gone to all this trouble" is an idiom that means to make great effort to do something. AT: "You have made a great effort to care for us" or "You have worked very hard to take care of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# What can be done for you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "What can we do for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Can we speak for you + +Here Elisha is asking if she would like for him to speak to the king or army commander to make a request for her. The implicit meaning of this question can be made explicit. AT: "Can we make a request for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I live among my own people + +The woman is implying that she does not need anything because her family cares for her needs. AT: "I live surrounded by my family, and because they take care of me, I have no needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/14.md b/2ki/04/14.md index 06ded4ea9b..c598b900eb 100644 --- a/2ki/04/14.md +++ b/2ki/04/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Call her -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +"Ask her to come to see me" -## translationNotes +# When he had called her -* **Call her** - AT: "Ask her to come to see me." -* **When he had called her** - "When Gehazi had called her," -* **you will be holding a son** - "You will have a son." +"When Gehazi had called her" + +# the door + +This refers to the doorway. AT: "the doorway" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a son + +"your son" + +# my master and man of God + +The woman uses both of these names to refer to Elisha. + +# your servant + +The woman refers to herself as Elisha's servant to show him honor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/17.md b/2ki/04/17.md index 5ee29406ca..58c2f67bc3 100644 --- a/2ki/04/17.md +++ b/2ki/04/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# at the same time in the following year -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] +"during the same season the next year" -## translationNotes +# When the child had grown -* **at the same time in the following year** - "during the same season the next year" -* **When the child had grown** - "When the child was older"​ -* **the child sat on her knees until noon and then died** - AT: "she held him on her lap until noon and then he died"​ +"When the child was older" + +# My head, my head + +The child said this because his head hurt. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "My head hurts! My head hurts!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the child sat on her knees until noon and then died + +Here the woman's knees refer to her lap. She held her son in her lap until he died. AT: "she held him on her lap until noon and then he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/21.md b/2ki/04/21.md index 1cd6bdb5bf..58ad60b617 100644 --- a/2ki/04/21.md +++ b/2ki/04/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# on the bed of the man of God -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This was the bed in the room she had prepared for Elisha when he traveled through Shunem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the man of God -* **on the bed of the man of God** - This was the bed in the room she had prepared for Elisha when he traveled through Shunem. -* **the man of God** - "​Elisha"​ -* **that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back** - The woman told her husband she was going to see Elisha but she did not say that she was going because their son had died. +"Elisha, the man of God" + +# that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back + +The woman told her husband she was going to see Elisha but she did not say that she was going because their son had died. A sentence may be added to give the implicit information as in the UDB. AT: "that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back.' But she did not tell her husband that their son had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/23.md b/2ki/04/23.md index 301bb217ae..5eb30d2f0a 100644 --- a/2ki/04/23.md +++ b/2ki/04/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# It will be all right -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +The woman states this, knowing this will be the case if her husband does as she requests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Everything will be all right if you do as I ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# she saddled a donkey -* **Why do you want to go to him today?** - The husband does not know of any reason why she would want to go see Elisha on that day. -* **It is not a new moon nor sabbath** - AT: "There is nothing special about today that would be a reason for you to go see Elisha the prophet."​ -* **It will be all right** - AT: "Everything will be all right if you do as I ask." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +The woman did not saddle the donkey, rather the servant would have saddled it for her. AT: "she had her servant saddle a donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/25.md b/2ki/04/25.md index 5a7df5bcfa..3ca0f46fed 100644 --- a/2ki/04/25.md +++ b/2ki/04/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So she went and came to the man of God at Mount Carmel -* [[en:tw:carmel]] +"So she traveled toward Mount Carmel where Elisha, the man of God, was" -## translationNotes +# So when the man of God saw her in the distance -* **So she went and came to the man of God at Mount Carmel** - "So she traveled toward Mount Carmel where Elisha, the man of God, was" -* **So when the man of God saw her in the distance, he said to Gehazi** - AT: "While she was still far off, and Elisha saw her coming, he said to Gehazi" -* **Shunammite woman** - the woman from Shunem -* **It is alright** - "It is well" or "Yes, everything is fine" (UDB). The woman did not say that her son was dead. +"While she was still far off, and Elisha saw her coming" + +# It is alright + +"It is well" or "Yes, everything is fine" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/27.md b/2ki/04/27.md index 077a981354..f037a968a8 100644 --- a/2ki/04/27.md +++ b/2ki/04/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the mountain -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Mount Carmel" -## translationNotes +# she caught hold of his feet -* **When she came to the man of God at the mountain** - AT: "When the woman from Shunem arrived at Mount Carmel where Elisha was" -* **she caught hold of his feet** - AT: "she dropped down on the ground in front of him and put her hands around his feet." -* **Yahweh has hidden the problem from me, and has told me nothing** - Elisha can see that the woman is upset but Yahweh has not revealed to him the cause of her problem. +This implies that she knelt or laid on the ground in front of him and grabbed his feet. AT: "she dropped down on the ground in front of him and put her hands around his feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh has hidden the problem from me, and has told me nothing + +Elisha can see that the woman is upset but Yahweh has not revealed to him the cause of her problem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/28.md b/2ki/04/28.md index 86dd5bcdcd..d6cdc3617d 100644 --- a/2ki/04/28.md +++ b/2ki/04/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Did I ask you for a son, my master? Did I not say, 'Do not deceive me'? -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +The woman uses these rhetorical questions to show that she is upset about what has happened. She is speaking about her conversation with Elisha when he told her that she was going to have a son. These questions may be written as a statement. AT: "I did not ask you to give me a son, but I did ask you not to lie to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Dress for travel -* **Did I ask you for a son, my master?** - AT: "I did not ask you to give me a son." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did I not say, 'Do not deceive me'?** - AT: "I said, 'Do not lie to me'" or "I said,'Tell me the truth.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Dress for travel and take my staff in your hand** - AT: "Get ready to travel and take my staff with you."​ -* **If you meet any man, do not greet him, and if anyone greets you, do not answer him** - Elisha wanted Gehazi to travel as quickly as possible, without even stopping to talk to anyone. -* **Lay my staff on the child'​s face** - Elisha is telling Gehazi to do these things because Elisha hopes Yahweh will use them to bring the boy back to life. +"Get ready to travel" + +# If you meet any man, do not greet him, and if anyone greets you, do not answer him + +Elisha wanted Gehazi to travel as quickly as possible, without even stopping to talk to anyone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/30.md b/2ki/04/30.md index 60da60a71e..8ad3c05b58 100644 --- a/2ki/04/30.md +++ b/2ki/04/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# As Yahweh lives, and as you live -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +"As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live." This shows that the mother is taking an oath. The mother compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elisha are alive to the certainty of what she is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly promise that" -## translationNotes +# but the child did not speak or hear -* **but the child did not speak or hear** - AT: "but the child did not show any signs of life" -* **has not awakened** - AT: "is still dead"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This means that the child was not alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "but the child did not show any signs of being alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has not awakened + +Here being dead is spoken of as being asleep. AT: "is still dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/32.md b/2ki/04/32.md index 0efb696dc6..c2beebcfc6 100644 --- a/2ki/04/32.md +++ b/2ki/04/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# So Elisha went in and shut the door on the child and himself - -## translationNotes - -* **So Elisha went in and shut the door on the child and himself and prayed to Yahweh** - AT: "Elisha went by himself into the room where the child lay. He closed the door and prayed to Yahweh." -* **He went up and lay on the child** - "Elisha got on the bed and lay with his body on the child;" +"So Elisha went by himself into the room where the child lay, closed the door" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/35.md b/2ki/04/35.md index 574c7a199e..3efe1bc87c 100644 --- a/2ki/04/35.md +++ b/2ki/04/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# stretched himself out on the boy -* [[en:tw:bow]] +"laid on top of the boy again" -## translationNotes +# the Shunammite -* **Then Elisha got up** - "Then Elisha got up from the bed" -* **the Shunammite** - This refers to the woman from Shunem who was the boy's mother. -* **Then she lay facedown on the ground at his feet and bowed to the ground** - AT: "Then she lay down with her face toward the ground in front of Elisha and bowed to him." The woman bowed down before Elisha as a sign of deep respect. +"the Shunammite woman" + +# Then she lay facedown on the ground at his feet and bowed to the ground + +The woman bowed down before Elisha as a sign of great respect and appreciation. AT: "Then she bowed in front of Elisha with her face to the ground to show him her gratitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/38.md b/2ki/04/38.md index 9e9b47914a..403b49de78 100644 --- a/2ki/04/38.md +++ b/2ki/04/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the sons of the prophets -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +This is an idiom. It does not mean that they were actually the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). AT: "the group of men who were prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# stew -* **the sons of the prophets** - AT: "A group of men who were prophets" -* **stew** - This is a dish that is usually made of meat and vegetables cooked in a pot with liquid. -* **wild gourds** - These vegetables were growing on the wild vine. -* **fill the fold of his robe** - He lifted the bottom edge of his robe up to his waist to make a place to carry more gourds than he could carry with his hands only. -* **but did not know what kind they were** - AT: "but did not know if they were good or bad to eat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is a dish that is usually made of meat and vegetables cooked in a pot with liquid. + +# wild gourds + +These vegetables were growing wild, meaning someone had not planted them. + +# fill the fold of his robe + +He lifted the bottom edge of his robe up to his waist to make a place to carry more gourds than he could carry with his hands only. + +# but did not know what kind they were + +Since they did not know what kind of gourds they were they did not know whether or not they were safe to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "but did not know if they were good or bad to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/40.md b/2ki/04/40.md index af38f64e51..64699e160d 100644 --- a/2ki/04/40.md +++ b/2ki/04/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they poured out the stew +"they poured the stew into bowls" -## translationNotes +# there is death in the pot -* **death in the pot** - This means that there was something in the pot that could kill them, not that there is something dead in the pot. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He threw it into the pot** - "He added it to the stew in the pot" -* **Pour it out for the people** - "Serve it to the people," -* **there was no more anything hurtful in the pot** - AT: "​eating the food from the pot did not hurt them." +This means that there was something in the pot that could kill them, not that there is something dead in the pot. AT: "there is something in the pot that will kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He threw it into the pot + +"He added it to the stew in the pot" + +# Pour it out for the people + +"Serve it to the people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/42.md b/2ki/04/42.md index 97cfb1a03f..117edfb94c 100644 --- a/2ki/04/42.md +++ b/2ki/04/42.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Baal Shalishah -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty loaves -* **Baal Shalishah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **barley** - This is a type of grain. -* **fresh ears of grain** - This was grain from the new harvest. -* **What, should I set this before a hundred men?** - AT: "That is not enough to feed a hundred men!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"20 loaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# from the new harvest + +"made from the grain from the new harvest" + +# fresh ears of grain + +"fresh heads of grain." This refers to grain from the new harvest. + +# What, should I set this before a hundred men? + +The man uses this rhetorical question to imply that this is not enough bread to feed 100 men. This can be written as a statement. AT: "That is not enough to feed a hundred men!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a hundred men + +"100 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the word of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is referred to by what he said. This phrase is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/intro.md b/2ki/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e88061ccb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Elisha continues with a group of stories about the miracles Elisha did. (See: [2 Kings 4-6](./01.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Widow ##### +Elisha helps a widow financially, and he correctly prophesies that a barren woman would conceive and have a baby by the next year. Later, when that child dies, Elisha miraculously causes him to come back to life. Also, Elisha causes a poisonous food to no longer be harmful, and he miraculously feeds 100 people with only 20 loaves of bread. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/01.md b/2ki/05/01.md index da56910a51..d768fddfce 100644 --- a/2ki/05/01.md +++ b/2ki/05/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in his master's view -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:naaman]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"sight." The king's "view" represents what he thinks about something. AT: "in the king's opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# because by him Yahweh had given victory to Aram -* **in his master's view** - "in the king's opinion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **because by him Yahweh had given victory to Aram** - "because through Naaman, Yahweh had given victory to the Aramean army" -* **The Arameans had gone out raiding in bands and had taken a little girl from the land of Israel** - AT: "Groups of Aramean soldiers had attacked Israel and had taken a little girl from there." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "Aram" refers to the Aramean army. AT: "because through Naaman, Yahweh had given victory to the Aramean army" + +# The Arameans had gone out + +Here the "Arameans" refer to the Aramean soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# raiding in bands + +"in small groups attacking." This means to go out attacking an enemy in small groups. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/03.md b/2ki/05/03.md index 6af7b1f3c2..76dcabeab9 100644 --- a/2ki/05/03.md +++ b/2ki/05/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The girl said to her mistress -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +The girl from Israel, who had been captured by the Aramean soldiers, spoke to Naaman's wife. -## translationNotes +# my master -* **The girl said to her mistress** - The girl from Israel (who had been captured by the Aramean soldiers) spoke to Naaman's wife. -* **my master** - Here "my master" refers to Naaman. +Here "my master" refers to Naaman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/05.md b/2ki/05/05.md index 2d9913f733..78f7eafdcf 100644 --- a/2ki/05/05.md +++ b/2ki/05/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will send a letter -* [[en:tw:send]] +The king is going to give the letter to Naaman to take with him to the king of Israel. AT: "I will send a letter with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# ten talents of silver, six thousand pieces of gold -* **talents** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **Naaman left and took with him …** - AT: "Naaman left, and took gifts with him for the king of Israel, which were …" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **six thousand** - "6,000"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"10 talents of silver, 6,000 pieces of gold." This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "330 kilograms of sliver, 6,000 pieces of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# took with him ten ... clothes + +This were gifts from the king of Aram for the king of Israel. AT: "took with him ten ... clothes, which were gifts for the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/07.md b/2ki/05/07.md index 91eeb32e80..0c1eba8fce 100644 --- a/2ki/05/07.md +++ b/2ki/05/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he tore his clothes -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Often people would rip their clothes if they were in great distress. AT: "he ripped his clothes to show his distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man wants me to cure a man of his leprosy? -* **he tore his clothes** - Because of his distress, he ripped his clothes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man wants me to cure a man of his leprosy?- ** - ** AT: "The king of Aram must think I am some sort of God, with the power over death and life! He wants me to cure this man of his leprosy, but I can not do that." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **It seems he is seeking to start an argument with me** - The king of Israel did not believe the request to heal Naamam was the real reason for the letter. He thought the real reason was to start a fight. AT: “He is looking for an excuse to start a fight with me.” +The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the request of the king of Aram is outrageous and something he cannot do. This can be written as a statement. AT: "The king of Aram must think I am some sort of God, with the power over death and life! He wants me to cure this man of his leprosy, but I cannot do that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It seems he is seeking to start an argument with me + +The king of Israel did not believe the request to heal Naamam was the real reason for the letter. He thought the real reason was to start a fight. AT: "It seems he is looking for an excuse to start a fight with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/08.md b/2ki/05/08.md index 39333d816b..b963abd425 100644 --- a/2ki/05/08.md +++ b/2ki/05/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Elisha talks to the King of Israel about Naaman. -## translationNotes +# Why have you torn your clothes? -* Elisha talks to the King of Israel about Naaman. -* **Why have you torn your clothes?** - AT: "There is no need to tear your clothes." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to the king that he does not need to be distressed and tear his clothes. AT: "There is no need to be distressed and tear your clothes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your flesh will be restored + +This can be written in active form. AT: "your flesh will be well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be clean + +this means that he will no longer be unclean. A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. God considers a person who has leprosy as being defiled and unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/11.md b/2ki/05/11.md index e031bcae25..0b0d5ef947 100644 --- a/2ki/05/11.md +++ b/2ki/05/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## translationNotes +# the name of Yahweh -* **wave his hand over the place** - "wave his hand over the diseased area of skin" -* **Are not Abanah and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel?** - AT: "The Abanah and the Pharpar Rivers, in my home country of Damascus, are much better than any of the rivers of Israel! (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Abanah and Pharpar** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Can I not bathe in them and be clean?** - AT: "I should have just bathed in them and been healed!" Or, AT: "I could have bathed in them and been healed!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **went away in a rage** - "was very angry as he walked away." +Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# over the place + +"over the diseased area of my skin" or "over my leprosy" + +# Are not Abanah and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? + +Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the Abanah and the Pharpar are better rivers than the Jordan. This can be written as a statement. AT: "The Abanah and the Pharpar Rivers, in my home country of Aram, are much better than any of the rivers of Israel! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Abanah and Pharpar + +These are the names of rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Can I not bathe in them and be clean? + +Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he could have bathed in the other rivers easily. He believes that bathing in them could heal him just as bathing in the Jordan could. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I should have just bathed in them and been healed!" or "I could just as easily have bathed in them and been healed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# went away in a rage + +"was very angry as he walked away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/13.md b/2ki/05/13.md index 7f18d7b4c4..6108a42c5a 100644 --- a/2ki/05/13.md +++ b/2ki/05/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# My father -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The servants were showing respect to Naaman by addressing him as "my father" or "sir." -## translationNotes +# would you not have done it? -* **My father** - The servants were showing respect to Naaman by addressing him as "my father" or "sir." -* **would you not have done it?** - AT: "You surely would have done it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **How much rather then, when he says to you to simply** - AT: "You should be even more willing to obey then, when he tells you to do such an easy thing like" +The servant uses this question to carefully rebuke Naaman. AT: "you surely would have done it!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How much rather then + +The servant is comparing how much more willing Naaman should be to obey a simple command since he is willing to obey a difficult one. AT: "How much more willing you should be to obey" or "Should you not be even more willing to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# How much rather then, when he says to you to simply, 'Dip yourself and be clean? + +The servant uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to Naaman that he should obey Elisha's command. This question can be written as statement. AT: "You should be even more willing to obey when he says to you simply, 'Dip yourself and be clean.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the man of God + +"Elisha, the man of God" + +# His flesh was restored again like the flesh of a little child + +This speaks how smooth Namaan's skin is after he is healed by comparing it to the skin of a young child. AT: "His flesh was restored again and was as soft as the flesh of a young child" or "His skin was well again and was smooth like a young child's skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# His flesh + +"His skin" + +# he was healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his leprosy was gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/15.md b/2ki/05/15.md index 8375c64d01..5d6052fb7e 100644 --- a/2ki/05/15.md +++ b/2ki/05/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## translationNotes +# there is no God in all the earth except in Israel -* **Look, now I know** - The word "Look" is used here to draw attention to what Naaman is about to say. -* **there is no God in all the earth except in Israel** - AT: "The God of Israel is the only true God!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **I will receive nothing** - AT: "I will not take any gifts."​ -* **Naaman urged Elisha to take a gift, but he refused** - Naaman kept on trying to get Elisha to take a gift, but Elisha continued to refuse. +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "the God of Israel is the only true God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# As Yahweh lives, before whom I stand + +"As surely as I know that Yahweh lives, before whom I stand." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty that he will not receive any gifts from Naaman. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "As surely as Yahweh lives, before whom I stand, I promise you," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# before whom I stand + +Here serving Yahweh is spoken of as standing in his presence. AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will receive nothing + +This means that he will not accept any gifts. AT: "I will not take any gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/17.md b/2ki/05/17.md index 5558e2c2d2..8facb18d7d 100644 --- a/2ki/05/17.md +++ b/2ki/05/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# If not -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:rimmon]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "If you will not take the gifts I have brought for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# let there be given to your servant -* **let there be given to your servant** - "let me have"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **two mule loads of earth** - "as much soil from Israel as two mules can carry, so that I can build an altar to Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **when my king** - This is referring to the king of Aram, the king that Namaan works for. -* **Go in peace** - AT: "Leave without fear" +This can be stated in active from. AT: "let me have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# two mule loads of earth + +Naaman is asking to take soil from Israel and place it in sacks for two mules to carry home with him. He then plans to build an altar on the soil. AT: "as much soil from Israel as two mules can carry, so that I can build an altar to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your servant + +Naaman refers to himself as Elisha's servant to honor him. + +# will offer neither burnt offering nor sacrifice to any god but Yahweh + +This can be written in positive form. AT: "will not offer burnt offering or sacrifice to any god but Yahweh" or "will only offer burnt offerings and sacrifices to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# when my king + +This is referring to the king of Aram, the king that Namaan works for. + +# he leans on my hand + +"he supports himself on my arm." This means that Naaman assists the king when he bows in the house of Rimmon because the king is either old or sick. + +# Go in peace + +"Go home and do not worry" or "Leave without fear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/20.md b/2ki/05/20.md index c3da9260a1..79b9d18610 100644 --- a/2ki/05/20.md +++ b/2ki/05/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# He had traveled -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +"Naaman had traveled" -## translationNotes +# Gehazi -* **He had traveled** - "Naaman had traveled" -* **Gehazi** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Look, See** - The words “Look" and "see" are used here to draw attention to what he is about to say. -* **my master has spared this Naaman the Aramean** - AT: "Elisha has let Naaman the Aramean leave too easily" -* **by not receiving** - "​without accepting any gifts"​ ​ -* **from his hands** - AT: "from him"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **two young men of the sons of the prophets** - AT: "two young men who are prophets"​ +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Kings 4:12](../04/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Look + +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# has spared this Naaman the Aramean + +"has let Naaman the Aramean leave too easily" + +# by not receiving + +"by not accepting" + +# from his hands + +Here Naaman is referred to by his hands to emphasize the act of giving. AT: "from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# As Yahweh lives + +"As surely as Yahweh lives." Here Gehazi compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty of what he has decided to do. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "As Yahweh lives, I promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# of the sons of the prophets + +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). AT: "from among the prophets there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Please give them a talent of silver and two changes of clothes + +Gehazi is asking Naaman to give these things to him so that he can take them and give them to the prophets. AT: "Please give me a talent of sliver and two changes of clothes to give to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See + +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# a talent of silver + +This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "33 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/23.md b/2ki/05/23.md index 1298d05e04..b735643711 100644 --- a/2ki/05/23.md +++ b/2ki/05/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# two talents -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This can be written in modern measurements. This talents are of silver. AT: "two talents of silver" or "66 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# laid them on two -* **Naaman replied ** - Naaman is replying to Gehazi's request in the previous verse. -* **Naaman urged Gehazi** - AT: "Naaman urged Gehazi to take the gifts"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +"gave them to" + +# Naaman urged Gehazi + +Naaman urged him to take gifts. AT: "Naaman urged Gehazi to take the gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Your servant + +Gehazi refers to himself here as Elisha's servant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/26.md b/2ki/05/26.md index e978e96e26..6d8d8709cd 100644 --- a/2ki/05/26.md +++ b/2ki/05/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Was not my spirit with you when the man turned his chariot to meet you? -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh allowed him to see what Gehazi had done. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should have realized that my spirit could see you when Naaman stopped his chariot and talked to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Is this a time to accept money ... female servants? -* **Was not my spirit with you when the man turned his chariot to meet you?** - AT: "You should have realized that my spirit could see you when Naaman stopped his chariot and talked to you?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is this a time to accept money and clothes, olive groves and vineyards, sheep and oxen, and male servants and female servants?** - AT: "This is not the time to accept... and female servants." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the leprosy of Naaman will be on you and your descendants** - AT: "the same disease Naaman had, you and your future family members will have." -* **as white as snow** - Leprosy makes skin white, like the color of snow. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that this is not the time take gifts. This can be written as a statement. AT: "This is not the time to accept money ... female servants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the leprosy of Naaman will be on you and your descendants + +This speaks of Gehazi and his descendant getting leprosy as if Naaman's leprosy was taken from him and given to Gehazi. AT: "you and your descendants will have leprosy, just as Naaman had leprosy" + +# So Gehazi went out from his presence + +The phrase "his presence" refers to the area where Elisha could see him. This means that he left the room where Elisha was. AT: "When Gehazi left the room, he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as white as snow + +Leprosy makes skin white. Here Gehazi's leprous skin is compared to the color of snow. AT: "with skin that was white like snow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/intro.md b/2ki/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5bedc9661b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 2 Kings 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/01.md b/2ki/06/01.md index e9e7e82dfe..cd8c88b964 100644 --- a/2ki/06/01.md +++ b/2ki/06/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The sons of the prophets -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). AT: "The group of prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# let us go to the Jordan -* **sons of the prophets** - This refers to a group of prophets who were working with Elisha. +This refers to the area by the Jordan River. AT: "let us go beside the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your servants + +Here one of the prophet refers to the of the sons of the prophets as Elisha's servants to show him honor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/04.md b/2ki/06/04.md index fe666699a4..f58cb1aca1 100644 --- a/2ki/06/04.md +++ b/2ki/06/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Lord]] -* [[en:tw:ax]] +Elisha goes with the prophets to cut trees. -## translationNotes +# the ax head fell into the water -* Elisha goes with the prophets to cut trees. -* **Oh no** - The man said this to show that he was upset and frustrated. If you have a way of expressing these emotions in your language, you can use it here. +The ax head refers to the blade of the ax. This means that the ax head came loose from its the handle and fell into the water. AT: "the ax head separated from the handle and fell into the water" + +# Oh no + +The man said this to show that he was upset and frustrated. If you have a way of expressing these emotions in your language, you can use it here. + +# it was borrowed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I borrowed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/06.md b/2ki/06/06.md index 48c4540c14..2c38f47e41 100644 --- a/2ki/06/06.md +++ b/2ki/06/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# So the man of God said -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"So Elisha, the man of God, asked" -## translationNotes +# He then cut off a stick, threw it in the water, and made the iron float -* **So the man of God said** - "So Elisha asked," -* **who then cut off a stick, threw it in the water, and made the iron float** - God uses Elisha to perform a miracle. The ax head rises to the surface of the water and it stays there so the prophet can pick it up. +God uses Elisha to perform a miracle. The ax head rises to the surface of the water and it stays there so the prophet can pick it up. + +# made the iron float + +"caused the iron to float" + +# the iron + +"the ax head." The ax head was made of iron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/08.md b/2ki/06/08.md index 2cdf924179..d8e7040079 100644 --- a/2ki/06/08.md +++ b/2ki/06/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now the king of Aram was waging war against Israel -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"When the king of Aram was at war with Israel," -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now the king of Aram was waging war against Israel** - AT: "When the king of Aram was at war with Israel," -* **My camp will be in such and such a place** - The king of Aram was telling his counselors where to set up the camp. -* **So the man of God** - AT: "So Elisha" ​ -* **Be careful not to pass that place, for the Arameans are coming down to there** - Elisha knew the specific place that the Arameans were going to set up their camp and advised the king of Israel to avoid that area. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# saying, "My camp will be in such and such a place + +The king of Aram was telling his counselors where to set up the camp. Here the phrase "such and such" is a way to refer to the information of the location of the camp without writing it out. If this phase does not translate well into your language this may be written as indirect speech. AT: "and told them where his camp would be located" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# the man of God + +"Elisha the man of God" + +# Be careful not to pass that place, for the Arameans are going down there + +Elisha knew the specific place that the Arameans were going to set up their camp and advised the king of Israel for his soldiers to avoid that area. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/10.md b/2ki/06/10.md index c69590aa44..6fc788eeed 100644 --- a/2ki/06/10.md +++ b/2ki/06/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to the place about which the man of God had spoken and warned him -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +This refers to the place that Elisha had warned the king about in [2 Kings 6:9](./08.md). -## translationNotes +# More than once or twice, when the king went there, he was on his guard -* **to the place about which the man of God had warned him** - Elisha knew the places that were dangerous for the Israelites (because of the Aramean army) and warned the king of Israel about them. -* **That warning saved him there several times** - AT: "Because Elisha warned the Israelites, they were able to stay safe from the enemy more than once or twice." -* **The mind of the king of Aram** - "The king of Aram was angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Will you not tell me who among us is for the king of Israel** - AT: "Tell me which of you is a spy for the king of Israel!" or "Which one of you is telling the king of Israel my plans?" +Elisha would warn the king of where the Aramean army would attack so that he could alert the people before the attack happened. AT: "Elisha warned the king of Israel in this way several times and the Israelites were able to stay safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Will you not tell me who among us is for the king of Israel? + +The king of Aram assumes there is a traitor among his soldiers who is giving information to the Israelite king. He uses this rhetorical question to try to find out who that traitor is. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Tell me which of you is for the king of Israel!" or "Tell me which of you is revealing our plans to the king of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# is for the king of Israel + +"To be for someone" means to be loyal to that person. In this case, it means that they would give information to help the king of Israel. AT: "is helping the king of Israel" or "is loyal to the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/12.md b/2ki/06/12.md index 52357c66b4..2e726892e2 100644 --- a/2ki/06/12.md +++ b/2ki/06/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# No -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The servant is saying that none of the king's soldiers are giving information to the king of Israel. AT: "It is none of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# my master, king -* **No** - "It is none of us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **my master, king** - This refers to the king of Aram. -* **the words that you speak in your own bedroom** - AT: "what you say in the privacy of your own bedroom" -* **See, he is in Dothan** - AT: "Elisha is in the city of Dothan." -* **Dothan** - ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to the king of Aram. + +# the words that you speak in your own bedroom + +"what you say in the privacy of your own bedroom" + +# I may send men and capture him + +The king plans to send the men to capture Elisha for him. The king does not plan to capture him himself. AT: "I may send men to capture him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# See + +This word is used here to draw the king's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# he is in Dothan + +"Elisha is in Dothan" + +# Dothan + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/14.md b/2ki/06/14.md index d00d9f7bf8..d98490237b 100644 --- a/2ki/06/14.md +++ b/2ki/06/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So the king -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +This refers to the king of Aram. -## translationNotes +# the man of God -* **So the king** - This refers to the king of Aram. -* **When the servant of the man of God** - AT: "When Elisha'​s servant"​ -* **had risen early and gone outside, behold** - "got up early in the morning and went outside, he saw" -* **And his servant said to him** - "The servant went back inside and said to Elisha,"​ -* **those who are with us are more than those who are with them** - "those who are on our side in the battle are more than those who are on their side."​ +"Elisha" or "Elisha the man of God" + +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that the servant was surprised by what he saw. + +# had risen early and gone outside, behold + +"got up early in the morning and went outside, and he saw" + +# His servant said to him + +The servant went back inside the house to tell Elisha what he had seen. AT: "The servant went back inside and said to Elisha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who are with us are more than those who are with them + +"To be with someone" in battle means to fight for their side. AT: "those who are on our side in the battle are more than those who are on their side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/17.md b/2ki/06/17.md index 7a94221daa..ca2dfd7071 100644 --- a/2ki/06/17.md +++ b/2ki/06/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# open his eyes that he may see -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Elisha is asking that his servant may be able to see things that other people cannot see, namely the horses and chariots of fire that are around them. AT: "make him able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he saw. Behold -* **open his eyes that he may see** - AT: "make him able to see." ​Elisha is asking that his servant may be able to see things that other people cannot see, namely the horses and chariots of fire that are around them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and he saw. Behold** - "and he could see. What he saw was that"​ -* **around Elisha** - "​around the city where Elisha was" -* **these people** - This refers to the Aramean soldiers. -* **This is not the way, neither is this the city** - AT: "You are not going in the right direction, and are not in the city where you want to be. +"he could see. What he saw was that" + +# Behold + +The word "Behold" here shows that the servant was surprised by what he saw. + +# the mountain was full of horses + +"the mountainside was covered with horses" + +# around Elisha + +This refers to the city where Elisha is. AT: "around the city where Elisha was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# these people + +This refers to the Aramean soldiers. + +# Strike these people blind + +"Cause these people to be blind!" This refers to Yahweh causing them to be unable to see clearly. + +# This is not the way, neither is this the city + +Elisha confuses the Arameans by telling them that they are not at the city they are searching for. AT: "This is not the way, neither is this the city you are looking for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/20.md b/2ki/06/20.md index 4fc74fa0dc..d92a34a81f 100644 --- a/2ki/06/20.md +++ b/2ki/06/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:elisha]] +"It happened that" or "Then," -## translationNotes +# open the eyes of these men that they may see -* **open the eyes of these men that they may see** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and they saw, and behold** - "and they could see again, and what they saw was that" -* **when he saw them** - "when he saw the Aramean soldiers"​ -* **My father** - The king is speaking to Elisha the prophet and calling him "father" to show respect. -* **should I kill them? ** - AT: "Should I order my army to kill these enemy soldiers?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Elisha is asking Yahweh to cause the men to see clearly again. AT: "allow these men to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh opened their eyes and they saw + +Yahweh allowed the men to see clearly again. AT: "Yahweh took away their blindness" or "Yahweh allowed them to see clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that the Arameans were surprised by what they saw. + +# when he saw them + +"when he saw the Aramean soldiers" + +# My father + +The king is speaking to Elisha the prophet and calling him "father" to show respect. + +# should I kill them? Should I kill them? + +Here the king of Israel is referring to his army as himself. AT: "Should I order my army to kill these enemy soldiers?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/22.md b/2ki/06/22.md index f95741a7dd..2caa18b445 100644 --- a/2ki/06/22.md +++ b/2ki/06/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Elisha answered -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Elisha was replying to the king of Israel's question. -## translationNotes +# Would you kill those whom you had taken captive with your sword and bow? -* **Elisha answered** - Elisha was replying to the king of Israel'​s question. -* **Would you kill those whom you had taken captive with your sword and bow?** - AT: "You would not kill men that were captured as prisoners of war." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Put bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink** - AT: "Give them food to eat and water to drink," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **go to their master** - "​return to the king of Aram" -* **So the king prepared much food for them** - "Then the king ordered his servants to prepare a lot of food for them," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **he sent them away** - The king of Israel sent the Aramean soldiers back to their homeland. -* **they went to back to their master** - They returned to the king of Aram. -* **did not return for a long time into the land of Israel** - "​stopped attacking the land of Israel for a long time."​ +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to the king that he should not kill these men. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You would not kill men that were captured as prisoners of war." or "You would not kill men taken captive in war, therefore you should not kill these men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you had taken captive with your sword and bow + +This speaks of the king's soldiers taking men captive as if the king himself was the one who captured them. AT: "your soldiers had taken captive with their swords and bows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with your sword and bow + +These are the weapons that were used in war. AT: "in war with your sword and bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Put bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink + +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "Give them food to eat and water to drink," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# go to their master + +This refers to the king of Aram. + +# So the king prepared much food for them + +The king ordered his servants to prepare the food. He did not prepare the food himself. AT: "Then the king ordered his servants to prepare a lot of food for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Those bands + +"Those groups" + +# did not return for a long time into the land of Israel + +This means that they did not attack Israel for a long time. AT: "stopped attacking the land of Israel for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/24.md b/2ki/06/24.md index 0196d036b5..e71b6d1240 100644 --- a/2ki/06/24.md +++ b/2ki/06/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Ben Hadad -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +The name of the king of Aram. His name means "son of Hadad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# attacked Samaria -* **Benhadad** - The name of the king of Aram. His name means "son of Hadad." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **pieces of silver** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **kab** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **besieged it** - AT: "did not let anyone or anything go in or out of the city." or "​blockaded the city."​ -* **So there was a great famine in Samaria** - AT: "​Because of the siege or blockage, there was very little food left in Samaria."​ -* **Behold, they besieged it until a donkey'​s head was sold for eighty pieces of silver** - The Aramean army surrounded the city for a long time, to the point where things that were normally not considered good food (such as a donkey'​s head or dove's dung) were the only food left and worth a high price. +The king and his army attacked Samaria. AT: "they attacked Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# a donkey's head was sold for + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a donkey's head cost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# eighty pieces of silver + +"80 pieces of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the fourth part of a kab + +This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "a fourth part of a liter" or "a quarter of a liter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# the fourth part + +"the 4th part." This is one part out of four equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# dove's dung for + +It is understood that this refers to the cost of the dung. AT: "dove's dung was sold for" or "dove's dung cost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# was passing by on the wall + +"walking on top of the city wall" + +# my master + +The woman referred to the king by this name to show him respect. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/27.md b/2ki/06/27.md index d9017921fa..2a8c0d3cd4 100644 --- a/2ki/06/27.md +++ b/2ki/06/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He said -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"The king of Israel answered the woman," -## translationNotes +# If Yahweh does not help you, how can I help you? -* **He said** - "The king of Israel answered the woman,"​ -* **If Yahweh does not help you, how can I help you?** - AT: "If Yaheweh is not helping you, then I cannot help you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is there anything coming from the threshing floor or winepress?** - AT: "There is no food to harvest or any grapes to make wine to drink." See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The king continued** - AT: "As they continued to talk, the king asked her," +The king uses this rhetorical question to tell the woman that he cannot help her. This can be written as a statement. AT: "If Yahweh is not helping you, then I cannot help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is there anything coming from the threshing floor or winepress? + +The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no food available. Here the threshing floor refers to grain and the winepress refers to wine. This can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing coming from the threshing floor or the winepress." or "There is no food to harvest or any grapes to make wine to drink." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The king continued + +"The king said." This means that they continued talking. + +# we boiled + +"we cooked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/30.md b/2ki/06/30.md index 1e67325fc6..b5099a6cec 100644 --- a/2ki/06/30.md +++ b/2ki/06/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# heard the words of the woman -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] +The words "the words" are a metonym for what the woman said. AT: "heard the woman tell what she and the other woman had done," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# he tore his clothes -* **heard the words of the woman** - "heard the woman tell what she and the other woman had done," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he tore his clothes** - The king ripped his outer garment to show his distress. -* He had been walking on the city wall when the woman called out to him in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:06:24]]. Now he continued walking along it. -* **the people looked and saw that he had sackcloth underneath, against his skin** - By wearing sackcloth even for his undergarments,​ the king showed that he was very sad and upset. AT: "The people could see that the king had rough undergarments on, because he had torn his outer clothes."​ -* **May God do so to me, and more also, if the head of Elisha the son of Shaphat remains on him today** - The king is saying he hopes God will punish him or even kill him if Elisha the prophet does not die because of the things that have happened in the city of Samaria. AT: "May God punish me and even kill me, if Elisha, son of Shaphat, does not die today." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The king ripped his outer garment to show his distress. AT: "he tore his clothes in grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# now he was passing by on the wall + +He had been walking on the city wall when the woman called out to him in [2 Kings 6:24](./24.md). Now he continued walking along it. + +# he had sackcloth underneath, against his skin + +By wearing sackcloth even for his undergarments, the king showed that he was very sad and upset. AT: "he had sackcloth underneath his outer garment, against his skin" or "he was wearing sackcloth underneath his robe because he was very upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# May God do so to me, and more also + +The king is saying he hopes God will punish him and even kill him if Elisha the prophet does not die because of the things that have happened in the city of Samaria. AT: "May God punish me and kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# if the head of Elisha son of Shaphat remains on him today + +This refers to Elisha dying, specifically be being beheaded. AT: "if Elisha son of Shaphat is not beheaded today" or "if my soldiers do not behead Elisha son of Shaphat today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/32.md b/2ki/06/32.md index 53d636a576..f44ae1696a 100644 --- a/2ki/06/32.md +++ b/2ki/06/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# The king sent a man from before him -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"To be before the king" means to be one of his servants. AT: "The king of Israel sent one of his servants as a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# when the messenger came to Elisha, he said to the elders -* **The king sent a man from before him** - AT: "The king of Israel sent one of his men,"​ -* **when the messenger came to Elisha, he said to the elders** - "when the messenger sent by the king came to Elisha, Elisha said to the elders,"​ -* **son of a murderer** - This means that he (the king of Israel) has the characteristics of a murderer. -* **to take away my head** - AT: "to cut off my head?" ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) or AT: "to kill me?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Is not the sound of his master'​s feet behind him?** - AT: "The king will be coming along right behind him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **While he was still talking with them** - "While Elisha was still talking with the elders,"​ -* **the messenger came down to him** - The messenger arrived, and so did the king, as Elisha had said he would. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **this trouble** - This "trouble" refers to the famine in Samaria and the suffering it caused. -* **Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer?** - AT: "I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!" or "Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here Elisha is speaking to the elders right before the king's messenger arrived. AT: "when the messenger had almost arrived, Elisha said to the elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See how this son of a murderer has sent to take away my head? + +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to draw attention to the kings messenger and to insult the king. This can be written as a statement. AT: "See, this son of a murderer has sent someone to remove my head!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# son of a murderer + +This means that the king of Israel has the characteristics of a murderer. AT: "this man who is like a murderer" or "that murderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# has sent to + +It is understood that he sent a person. AT: "has sent someone to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to take away my head + +This means to behead him. AT: "to cut off my head" or "to behead me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Look + +Elisha uses this word here to draw the elder's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" + +# hold the door shut against him + +If a door is shut against someone it means that it is closed and that they may not enter through it. AT: "hold the door shut so that he cannot come in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Is not the sound of his master's feet behind him? + +Elisha uses this question to assure the elders that the king is coming not far behind him. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. AT: "The sound of his master's feet is right behind him." or "The king will be coming along soon after he arrives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# behold, the messenger + +The word "behold" alerts us to the arrival of the messenger. + +# the messenger came down to him + +The messenger arrived, and so did the king, as Elisha had said he would. The phrase "came down to him" means that they arrived at the place where he was. AT: "the messenger and the king arrived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Behold, this trouble + +"Indeed, this trouble." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. The phrase "this trouble" refers to the famine in Samaria and the suffering it caused. + +# Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer? + +This king use this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not believe that Yahweh is going to help them. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?" or "I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/intro.md b/2ki/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc34da2853 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Kings 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +==Impossible actions == +Elisha caused an iron ax head to float. He fooled the whole army of Aram that was sent to arrest him. When the king of Aram besieged the capital of Israel, the people became so hungry they started eating their children. Elisha told the king of Israel that there would be plenty of food the next day, but the king's counselor said it was impossible. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### +The king's counselor expressed his unbelief in Elisha's prophecy of plenty of food: "See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unbeliever]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/01.md b/2ki/07/01.md index 2bd5512a7a..eac02ea77e 100644 --- a/2ki/07/01.md +++ b/2ki/07/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# a measure of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It is implied that the Israelites will be paying less money for these item than they had been. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will sell a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a measure of fine flour ... two measures of barley -* **measure** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **shekel** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **measure of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel** - The prices of food would become much less. Compare [[:en:bible:notes:2Ki:06:24]] where bad food was sold for very high prices. -* **the captain on whose hand the king leaned** - AT: "the king's assistant" or "an officer who helped the king" -* **windows in heaven** - AT: "openings in the sky that Yahweh himself would make grain fall through" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **can this thing happen?** - AT: "I do not believe it could happen!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you will watch it happen with your own eyes, but you will not eat any of it** - Because the officer did not believe Yahweh could provide the grain, he would see it happen but would not eat any of it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the word "measure" translates the word "seah," which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. AT: "7 liters of fine flour ... 14 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a shekel + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 11 grams of silver" or "one silver coin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# the captain on whose hand the king leaned + +A high ranking captain who was the king's personal assistant is spoken of as if he was a person on whom the king leaned his hand. AT: "the captain who was close to the king" or "the captain who was the king's personal assistant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven + +Yahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. AT: "even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# can this thing happen? + +The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "this could never happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you will watch it happen with your own eyes + +The phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. AT: "you yourself will watch these things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# but you will not eat any of it + +"but you will not eat any of the flour or barely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/03.md b/2ki/07/03.md index 9d6731b318..ca91fc780e 100644 --- a/2ki/07/03.md +++ b/2ki/07/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Why should we sit here until we die? -* **Now** - AT: "At that same time" (as Elisha was telling the king and his assistant there would be plenty of food for Samaria) -* **right outside the city gate** - AT: "who were just outside the entrance to the city." -* **Why should we sit here until we die?** - AT: "Certainly we should not sit here until we die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **let us go to the army of the Arameans** - AT: "let us go to the place where the army of the Arameans has their camp." -* **If they keep us alive, we will live, and if they kill us, we will only die** - The four men with leprosy are saying that going to the Aramean camp is their only chance to stay alive. AT: "If the Arameans give us food, we will live, and if they kill us, we were only going to die here anyway." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +Although there were four men, probably only one of them asks this question. The question is rhetorical and emphasizes that they should not do this. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Certainly we should not sit here until we die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If they keep us alive, we will live, and if they kill us, we will only die + +The four men with leprosy are saying that the Arameans might feed them so that they can live, or they might kill them, which would be no worse since they would die anyway. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/05.md b/2ki/07/05.md index 30e968fb54..7e8908b9d0 100644 --- a/2ki/07/05.md +++ b/2ki/07/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# at twilight -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This refers to the early evening after the sun has set, but before it is dark. -## translationNotes +# the outermost part -* **So they rose up at twilight to go into** - AT: "So at the end of the day, the four lepers got up and walked to" -* "the edge"​ -* **For the Lord had made the Aramean army** - AT: "The reason for this was because the Lord had caused the Aramean army to" -* **the Aramean army hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses-the noise of another large army** - the noise of another large army** - The soldiers of the Aramean army heard noises that sounded like a large army coming to do battle with them. This was not an actual army, but the Lord had made them hear these sounds. -* **The king of Israel has hired the kings of the Hittites and Egyptians** - Here the kings are being used to represent their armies. AT: "The king of Israel has hired the armies of the Hittites and the Egyptians" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to come against us** - AT: "to fight us." or "to attack us." +"the edge" + +# the Aramean army hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses—the noise of another large army + +The soldiers of the Aramean army heard noises that sounded like a large army approaching to battle them. This was not an actual army, but the Lord had made them hear these sounds. + +# they said to each other + +"the Aramean soldiers said to each other" + +# the kings of the Hittites and Egyptians + +Here the word "kings" represents the kings and their armies. AT: "the armies of the Hittites and the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to come against us + +"to fight us" or "to attack us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/07.md b/2ki/07/07.md index 90f0423483..fff2beb1d1 100644 --- a/2ki/07/07.md +++ b/2ki/07/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +This is what happened after the Lord caused the Aramean soldiers to think they heard a large enemy army approaching their camp. -## translationNotes +# in the twilight -* This is what happened after the Lord caused the Aramean soldiers to think they heard a large enemy army approaching their camp. -* **fled in the twilight** - AT: "ran away as the sun was going down" -* **the camp as it was** - AT: "left everything in their camp just as it was" -* **plunder** - These were stolen goods or things gotten illegally, especially during a war. +This refers to the early evening after the sun has set, but before it is dark. + +# plunder + +This refers to items that a conquering army takes from another army that they have defeated. Here it refers to "silver and gold and clothes." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/09.md b/2ki/07/09.md index f73d5c5379..943f605f21 100644 --- a/2ki/07/09.md +++ b/2ki/07/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# until daybreak -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +"until morning" -## translationNotes +# punishment will overtake us -* **If we wait until daybreak** - "If we wait until tomorrow morning,"​ -* **punishment will overtake us** - AT: "​something bad will happen to us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **tell the king's household** - AT: "tell the king and his people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] -* **the tents as they were** - AT: "the camp was not changed from how it would have been if the soldiers were still there." [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +Someone punishing the four men is spoken of as if punishment were a person who captures them. AT: "the people will punish us" or "someone will punish us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# tell the king's household + +Here the word "household" represents the people who live in the king's palace. AT: "tell the king and his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as they were + +The implicit information may be supplied in translation. AT: "as they were when the soldiers were still there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# then it was told inside the king's household + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then people told it inside the king's household" or "then people told it to the king and those in his palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/12.md b/2ki/07/12.md index 06a974cd32..d5c549bbf6 100644 --- a/2ki/07/12.md +++ b/2ki/07/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# have done to us -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"are planning to do to us" or "have done to deceive us" -## translationNotes +# take them alive -* **Then the king arose at night** - AT: "It was night when the king heard the news about the empty Aramean camp, so he got up from his bed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **have done to us** - AT: "are planning to do to us" -* **we will take them alive, and get into the city - ** - ** AT: "we will capture the Israelites and their city." -* **the horses that remain, which are left in the city** - Many of the horses belonging to the Israelites had died because of the famine. AT: "the horses that are still alive in the city." -* **They are like all the rest of the population of Israel who are left** - The men that would go to the Aramean camp would be in danger of being killed. -* **let us send them and see** - AT: "Let us send a few men and horses to see what is happening at the camp." +This means that they would capture the people and not kill them. + +# the horses that remain, which are left in the city + +Many of the horses belonging to the Israelites had died because of the famine. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "the horses in the city that are still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They are like all the rest of the population of Israel who are left + +The men that would go to the Aramean camp would share the same fate as the rest of the Israelites who remained in the city. They would either die from starvation, or possibly be killed by the Arameans. + +# see + +The implicit information may be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "see if what these lepers have said is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/14.md b/2ki/07/14.md index dce0e3404e..d8cec31bc8 100644 --- a/2ki/07/14.md +++ b/2ki/07/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Go and see -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] +The implicit information may be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "Go and see if what these lepers have said is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# They went after them to the Jordan -* **"Go and see"** - AT: "Go and see what has happened to the Aramean army." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **They went after them to the Jordan** - AT: "They followed the path the Aramean army took all the way to the Jordan River," -* **all the road was full of clothes and equipment** - AT: "along the road, there was much discarded clothing and equipment" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **that the Arameans had cast away in their hurry** - "that the Arameans had thrown away in their rush to escape." +"They followed the path the Aramean army took all the way to the Jordan River" + +# all the road was full of clothes and equipment + +This is an exaggeration that means the men saw these items scattered along the road as they traveled. AT: "there were clothes and equipment all along the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/16.md b/2ki/07/16.md index 8d979d77a8..6ea33d5a4e 100644 --- a/2ki/07/16.md +++ b/2ki/07/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# plundered the camp -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This refers to taking items from a defeated army. -## translationNotes +# So a measure of fine flour was sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel -* **plundered** - The word "plunder" means to steal or take illegally, usually in the time of war. -* **measure** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **shekel** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **just as the word of Yahweh had said** - "just as Yahweh had said through Elisha the prophet." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the captain on whose hand he had leaned** - AT: "his assistant" This is the same man in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:07:01]]. -* **trampled him down** - "stomped over him" The crowd of people were in such a rush to get to the food in the camp that they ran right over the man and killed him. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So people sold a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a measure of fine flour ... two measures of barley + +Here the word "measure" translates the word "seah," which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. AT: "7 liters of fine flour ... 14 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a shekel + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 11 grams of silver" or "one silver coin"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# just as the word of Yahweh had said + +Here "word" represents Yahweh. AT: "just as Yahweh had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the captain on whose hand he had leaned + +A high ranking captain who was the king's personal assistant is spoken of as if he were a person on whom the king leaned his hand. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](./01.md). AT: "the captain who was close to the king" or "the captain who was the king's personal assistant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# trampled him down + +The crowd of people were in such a rush to get to the food in the camp that they knocked over the man and trampled him to death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/18.md b/2ki/07/18.md index 1ca13a10be..1b8ab598f6 100644 --- a/2ki/07/18.md +++ b/2ki/07/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In these verses, the writer summarizes what happened by repeating the events that he described in [2 Kings 7:1-2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# About this time -* **So it happened as the man of God had said to the king** - See [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:07:01]] where Elisha told all this to the king before. -* **About this time** - "About this time tomorrow" -* **in the gate of Samaria** - "in the market place of Samaria" or "in the city of Samaria" -* **will be available** - "will be for sale" -* **See** - This brings attention to what the speaker is saying (both the captain and Elijah). -* **can this thing happen?** - AT: "I do not believe this can happen!" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you will watch it happen with your own eyes** - AT: "you will be there when it happens," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"About this time tomorrow" + +# two measures of barley ... a measure of fine flour + +Here the word "measure" translates the word "seah," which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. AT: "14 liters of barley ... 7 liters of fine flour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a shekel + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 11 grams of silver" or "one silver coin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# See + +"Indeed." The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven + +Yahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](./01.md). AT: "even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# can this thing happen? + +The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. This question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](./01.md). AT: "this could never happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you will watch it happen with your own eyes + +The phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](./01.md). AT: "you yourself will watch these things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# but you will not eat any of it + +"but you will not eat any of the flour or barley" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/intro.md b/2ki/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1d9c93f01 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fear ##### +God caused the army of Aram to hear the sound of an enormous army approaching so they all ran away leaving all their food behind. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/01.md b/2ki/08/01.md index b09c5d740e..c80d106ac4 100644 --- a/2ki/08/01.md +++ b/2ki/08/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# the woman whose son he had restored to life -* **the woman whose son he had restored to life** - The story of this woman and her son is found at [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:04:08]]. -* **Arise** - AT: "get up from where you are," -* **stay wherever you can in another land** - Elisha was telling the woman to move to another place in order to escape the coming famine. +The story of this woman and her son is found at [2 Kings 4:8](../04/08.md). + +# he had restored to life + +"he had caused to become alive again" + +# Arise + +"Get up from where you are" + +# the man of God + +"Elisha, the man of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/03.md b/2ki/08/03.md index b49ed93dab..cdbdbb7226 100644 --- a/2ki/08/03.md +++ b/2ki/08/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to the king -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This refers to the king of Israel. -## translationNotes +# for her house and for her land -* **beg him for her house and for her land** - AT: "ask him strongly for her property to be returned to her." +While the woman was gone, her home and property were sieged. She is begging for them to be returned to her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "for her home and her property to be returned to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells us background information about what the king was doing when the woman arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/05.md b/2ki/08/05.md index 3a52632ef6..2ee10f612a 100644 --- a/2ki/08/05.md +++ b/2ki/08/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# had restored to life the child who was dead -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +"had caused the child who was dead to become alive again" -## translationNotes +# for her house and land -* **Then as he was telling** - At the very same time Gehazi was telling the king about the woman and her son, she came to see the king. -* **she explained it to him** - The woman also tells the king the story of her son being raised from the dead. -* **all that was hers and all the harvests of her fields** - AT: "everything she owned before she left as well as the profit from all the crops grown on her lands." +While the woman was gone, her home and property were sieged. She is begging for them to be returned to her. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "for her home and her property to be returned to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# about her son + +This refers to the story of her son dying and Elisha bringing him back to life. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "about what had happened to her son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the harvests of her fields + +This metonym refers to the amount of money that the harvests of her fields were worth while she was away. AT: "all the profit from the harvests of her fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/07.md b/2ki/08/07.md index 559e94f801..c9b3b69f46 100644 --- a/2ki/08/07.md +++ b/2ki/08/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Ben Hadad -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +This is the name of the king of Aram. His name means "son of Hadad." See how you translated this man's name in [2 Kings 6:24](../06/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hazael -* **Benhadad** - This is the name of the king of Aram. His name means "son of Hadad." -* **Benhadad, Hazael** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Take a gift in your hand** - AT: "take many gifts with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **consult with Yahweh through him** - AT: "ask Elisha to ask Yahweh," -* **Your son Benhadad king of Aram** - Benhadad was not actually Elisha's son, but Hazael called him that to show a close relationship between them. AT: "Benhadad, the king of Aram, who is like a son to you," (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Take a gift + +Hazael was to take many gifts, not just one. AT: "take many gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in your hand + +The phrase "in your hand" is an idiom meaning for him to take the gifts with him. AT: "with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the man of God + +"Elisha, the man of God" + +# consult with Yahweh through him, saying + +"ask Elisha to ask Yahweh" + +# carried by forty camels + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which forty camels carried" + +# forty camels + +"40 camels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Your son Ben Hadad king of Aram + +Ben Hadad was not actually Elisha's son, but Hazael called him that to show a close relationship between them. AT: "Ben Hadad, the king of Aram, who is like a son to you," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/10.md b/2ki/08/10.md index 77bfcc19ba..49b6e6e9d8 100644 --- a/2ki/08/10.md +++ b/2ki/08/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# until he was ashamed -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"until Hazael felt uncomfortable" -## translationNotes +# my master -* **Go, say to Benhadad, 'You will surely recover,' but Yahweh has showed me that he will surely die** - AT: "Go back to Benhadad and tell him, 'You will get better' but Yahweh has told me that, in truth, he will die." -* **Then Elisha stared at Hazael until he was ashamed** - "Then Elisha looked intently at Hazael until Hazael felt uncomfortable," -* **man of God wept** - "Elisha cried." -* **Why do you weep, my master?** - "Why are you crying, Elisha?" -* **Because I know** - God has shown Elisha what will take place in the future. -* **You will** - "Your army will" or "You will order your soldiers to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **kill their young men with the sword** - AT: "kill their young men in battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Hazael refers to Elisha this way to honor him. + +# Because I know + +God has shown Elisha what will take place in the future. + +# you will do + +The word "you" represents Hazael and refers to himself and the soldiers under his control when he is king. AT: "you will cause to happen" or "you will order your soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You will set ... you will kill + +The word "you" represents Hazel but here refers to his soldiers and not to Hazael personally. AT: "You soldiers will set ... your soldiers will kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dash in pieces their little ones + +"crush their little children." This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. + +# kill their young men with the sword + +This means that the men will be killed in battle. The sword was the main weapon used in battle. AT: "kill their young men in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rip open their pregnant women + +Specifically this refers to tear open their stomachs. AT: "rip open the stomachs of their pregnant women with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/13.md b/2ki/08/13.md index c738fe14f2..7ca2507bc1 100644 --- a/2ki/08/13.md +++ b/2ki/08/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Who is your servant, that he should do this great thing? -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Hazel refers to himself here as Elisha's servant. Hazel uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not think he could do the terrible things that Elisha has said. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I could never do such great things!" or "Who am I, that I would have the power to do such things?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# this great thing -* **Who is your servant, that he should to this great thing?** - Hazael is talking about himself. AT: "Who am I, that I would have the power to do such things?" or "I could never do such things!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **He is only a dog** - Hazael is talking about himself. AT: "I am like a lowly animal." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **came to his master** - AT: "went back to Benhadad," -* **He answered, "He told me that you would certainly recover"** - AT: "Hazael replied, 'Elisha told me that you would not die from this illness'." -* **so that he died** - Hazael put a wet blanket over king Benhadad's face. Benhadad was unable to breathe through it, and so he died. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **Then Hazael became king in his place** - As Elisha had prophesied, Hazael became the king of Aram after Benhadad was dead. +"this terrible thing." Here the word "great" refers to something that has a large effect and is terrible. + +# He is only a dog + +Hazael is talking about himself. He speaks of his low status and lack of influence by comparing himself to a dog. Here a dog represents a lowly animal. AT: "I am as powerless as a dog" or "I am as powerless as a lowly animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# came to his master + +The phrase "his master" refers to Ben Hadad. + +# face so that he died + +This means that Ben Hadad suffocated under the wet blanket. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "face. Ben Hadad was unable to breathe through it, and so he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/16.md b/2ki/08/16.md index e292033281..3a43e64f55 100644 --- a/2ki/08/16.md +++ b/2ki/08/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joram]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +Jehoram becomes king of Judah. -## translationNotes +# In the fifth year of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel -* Jehoram becomes king of Judah. -* **In the fifth year of Joram, the son of Ahab, king of Israel** - AT: "During year 5 of the reign of king Joram, son of Ahab, over Israel," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jehoram began to reign** - Jehoram, son of Jehoshaphat, became the king of Judah. -* **Jehoram was thirty-two years old** - two years old** - "Jehoram was 32 years old" -* **he reigned for eight years** - "he reigned for 8 years." +This describes the time that Jehoram began to reign by stating how long Joram, the current king of Israel, had reigned. AT: "In the fifth year that Jorman son of Ahab was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fifth year + +"5th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Jehoram began to reign + +Jehoram, son of Jehoshaphat, became the king of Judah. + +# thirty-two years old + +"32 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/18.md b/2ki/08/18.md index c7583b1dac..ddf4ed6f18 100644 --- a/2ki/08/18.md +++ b/2ki/08/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehoram walked in the ways of the kings of Israel -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Here "walking" is an idiom that refers to how he lived and reigned as king. At this time in history, the recent kings of Israel had been evil kings. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Jehoram was an evil king, just as other kings of Israel who ruled before him had been" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# as the house of Ahab was doing -* **Jehoram walked in the ways of the kings of Israel** - AT: "Jehoram was an evil king, just as other kings of Israel who ruled before him had been," -* **as the house of Ahab was doing** - AT: "the same as the other people in the family of his father-in-law, king Ahab of Israel were doing;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **for he had Ahab's daughter as his wife** - Jehoram had married king Ahab's daughter. -* **he did what was evil in Yahweh's sight** - The words "Yahweh's sight" represent Yahweh himself. AT: "Jehoram did things that Yahweh considered very wrong." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **destroy Judah** - Here the name of the country "Judah" represents the people of that country. AT: "put an end to the people of Judah," -* **since he had told him that he would always give him descendants** - "since Yahweh had told David that he would always give David descendants." +Here the "house" of Ahab refers to the members of Ahab's family and his recent descendants. Ahab is Jehoram father-in-law. AT: "the same as the rest of the family of Ahab was doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for he had Ahab's daughter as his wife + +Jehoram had married king Ahab's daughter. + +# what was evil in Yahweh's sight + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# destroy Judah + +Here "Judah" is a metonym for the people who live there. AT: "destroy the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# since he had told him that he would always give him descendants + +"since Yahweh had told David that he would always give David descendants." This refers to Yahweh's promise to David that his descendants would always rule Judah. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "since he had told David that his descendants would always rule Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/20.md b/2ki/08/20.md index 4f49a4161a..2e9e0acb74 100644 --- a/2ki/08/20.md +++ b/2ki/08/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Edom revolted from under -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] +"Edom rebelled against" -## translationNotes +# the hand of Judah -* **Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah** - AT: "The people of Edom rebelled against being controlled by the king of Judah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they set a king over themselves** - "the Edomites appointed a king to rule over themselves" -* **Then Jehoram crossed over with his commanders and all his chariots** - AT: "Then Jehoram crossed the enemy lines with his army and all their chariots." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **It happened that he rose up at night and attacked and overwhelmed the Edomites, who had surrounded him and the commanders of the chariots** - AT: "At night, Jehoram's army attacked the Edomites who had been surrounding them." +Here the word "hand" refers to the control of Judah, and "Judah" refers specifically to the king of Judah. AT: "the control of the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they set a king over themselves + +"they appointed a king to rule over themselves" + +# Then Jehoram crossed over + +What was "crossed over" can be stated clearly. AT: "Then Jehoram crossed the enemy lines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/22.md b/2ki/08/22.md index f231f90648..a1ded08010 100644 --- a/2ki/08/22.md +++ b/2ki/08/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahaziah]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +King Jehoram of Judah dies and his son Ahaziah becomes king. -## translationNotes +# So Edom has been in rebellion against the rule of Judah to this present day -* King Jehoram of Judah dies and his son Ahaziah becomes king. -* **So Edom has been in rebellion from the power of Judah to this present day** - AT: "So the people of Edom have been independent from the rule of Judah from that day on." or "Edom became a separate country from Judah from that time on." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Libnah** - This is another city that was originally part of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **As for the other matters concerning Jehoram, all that he did** - AT: "To read more about the history of Jehoram and what he did," -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah?** - AT: "These things are written in the historical record book of the kings of Judah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Jehoram died and rested with his fathers** - AT: "Jehoram died and was buried with his ancestors" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Then Ahaziah his son became king in his place** - "Then Ahaziah, Jehoram's son, became king after Jehoram died." +"So after that, Edom was no longer controlled by Judah, and it is still like that" + +# the rule of Judah + +Here "Judah" refers to the king of Judah. AT: "the rule of the king of Judah" or "the authority of the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to this present day + +to the time that this book was written + +# Libnah also revolted at the same time + +Libnah rebelled against the king of Judah just as Edom had. AT: "During that same time, Libnah also rebelled against the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Libnah + +This is another city that was originally part of Judah. Here "Libnah" refers to the people who live there. AT: "the people of Libnah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As for the other matters concerning Jehoram, all that he did + +"To read more about the history of Jehoram and what he did," + +# are they not written ... Judah? + +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Jehoram is in this other book. AT: "these things are written ... Judah." or "someone has written about them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jehoram died and rested with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers + +Here "rested" is a polite way of referring to someone dying. After he died, his body was buried in the same place as the bodies of his forefathers. The phrase "was buried" can be stated in active form. AT: "Jehoram died, and they buried him with his forefathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then Ahaziah his son became king in his place + +"Then Ahaziah, Jehoram's son, became king after he died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/25.md b/2ki/08/25.md index 57b64829bd..9da90f5e57 100644 --- a/2ki/08/25.md +++ b/2ki/08/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:joram]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Ahaziah becomes king of Judah. -## translationNotes +# In the twelfth year of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel -* Ahaziah becomes king of Judah. -* **in the twelfth year of Joram** - "in year 12 of the reign of Joram king of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **twenty-two years old ... one year** - two years old ... one year** - AT: "22 years old ... 1 year" -* **Athaliah, Omri** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ahaziah walked in the ways of** - AT: "Ahaziah lived the same way as" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the house of Ahab** - AT: "the family of Ahab;" -* **he did what was evil in Yahweh's sight** - AT: "he did what Yahweh thought was evil." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign as king of Judah by stating how long Joram, the current king of Israel, had reigned. AT: "in the twelfth year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twelfth year + +"12th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# twenty-two years + +"22 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Athaliah ... Omri + +Athaliah is the name of a woman. Omri is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ahaziah walked in the ways of + +Here "walking" refers his behavior or the way in which he lived. AT: "Ahaziah lived the same way as the others in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the house of Ahab + +Here the "house" of Ahab refers to his family. AT: "the family of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a son-in-law to the house of Ahab + +This explains Ahaziah's family relationship to Ahab. Ahaziah's father was married to Ahab's daughter. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "the son of Ahab's son-in-law" or "a grandson of King Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/28.md b/2ki/08/28.md index a1443cc305..158f627e16 100644 --- a/2ki/08/28.md +++ b/2ki/08/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ahaziah went with Joram son of Ahab, to fight against Hazael, king of Aram -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:ramoth]] +The names of the three kings listed here are synecdoches and refer also to their armies that accompany them. AT: "Ahaziah's army joined the army of King Joram of Israel to fight against the army of King Hazael of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# to be healed -* **Ahaziah went with** - AT: "Ahaziah and his army went with" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Joram, the son of Ahab** - AT: "Joram, the son of Ahab, and his army" -* **to fight against Hazael, king of Aram** - AT: "to fight against the army of Hazael, king of Aram." -* **that the Arameans had given him at Ramah** - "he received during the battle with the Aramean soldiers at Ramah," +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to heal" or "to recover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# against Hazael king of Aram + +Here "Hazael" refers to himself and his army. AT: "the army of Hazael king of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Joram had been wounded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Arameans had wounded Joram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/intro.md b/2ki/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6e5ccbda1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The stories of of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Kings ##### +Elisha told Hazael that he would be king of Aram. Jehoram became king of Judah. He was evil so Edom and Libna revolted and chose their own kings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/01.md b/2ki/09/01.md index c0989898e5..776e385519 100644 --- a/2ki/09/01.md +++ b/2ki/09/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the sons of the prophets -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:ramoth]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). AT: "the group of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# in your hand -* **one of the sons of the prophets** - AT: "one of the men from the group of prophets" -* **in your hand** - AT: "with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Ramoth Gilead** - This is the name of a city, which means "heights of Gilead." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **companions** - These are the people with whom Jehu was sitting. -* **conduct him to** - "go along with him to" or "take him along to" -* **an inner chamber** - "a private room." +The phrase "in your hand" refers to him taking the bottle with him. AT: "with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Ramoth Gilead + +Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Kings 8:28](../08/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi + +This means that Jehoshaphat is Jehu's father and that Nimshi is Jehoshapat's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# companions + +These are the people with whom Jehu was sitting. + +# conduct him to + +"go along with him to" or "take him along to" + +# an inner chamber + +"a private room" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/04.md b/2ki/09/04.md index 5fb70e385e..09b57f650a 100644 --- a/2ki/09/04.md +++ b/2ki/09/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +The writer uses the word "behold" to direct attention to what follows. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here. -## translationNotes +# the captains of the army were sitting -* **behold** - The writer uses the word "behold" to direct attention to what follows. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here. -* **the captains of the army were sitting** - AT: "Jehu and some other army officers were sitting together." +Jehu was sitting among the captains. You may introduce Jehu to the storyline here if this is necessary in your language. AT: "Jehu and some other army officers were sitting together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# To which of us + +The word "us" refers to Jehu and the other army captains. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/07.md b/2ki/09/07.md index 2e4365e270..1bb7450f18 100644 --- a/2ki/09/07.md +++ b/2ki/09/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The young prophet continues to speak to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel. -## translationNotes +# I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of Yahweh -* The young prophet continues to speak to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel. -* **by the hand of Jezebel** - AT: "by an order from Jezebel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cut off from Ahab every male child** - AT: "Every member of Ahab's family will die, including every male child" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Here the "blood" of the prophets and the servants refers to their deaths. AT: "I may avenge the deaths of my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh" or "so that I may punish them for murdering my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the blood + +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "avenge the blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# who were murdered by the hand of Jezebel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Jezebel commanded her servants to murder" or "whose deaths were commanded by Jezebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the hand of Jezebel + +This means that Jezebel commanded the people to be killed. AT: "by an order from Jezebel" or "by Jezebel's command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cut off from Ahab every male child + +Here to be "cut off" means to be killed. AT: "For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cause every male child in his family to be killed" or "Every member of Ahab's family will die, including every male child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# every male child + +This phrase is used to refer to every male, but it specifies "child" to emphasize that it includes children. AT: "every male" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/09.md b/2ki/09/09.md index 44c3f70762..1b47271a38 100644 --- a/2ki/09/09.md +++ b/2ki/09/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baasha]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] +The young prophet continues to speak the words of Yahweh to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will make the house of Ahab like -* The young prophet continues to speak to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel. -* **I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat and like the house of Baasha the son of Anhijah** - The prophet says that God will destroy Ahab and his family just as he destroyed Jeroboam and Baasha and their families. -* **The dogs will eat Jezebel** - AT: "Dogs will eat the dead body of Jezebel" +This means that God will destroy Ahab and his family just as he destroyed Jeroboam and Baasha and their families. AT: "I will get rid of the house of Ahab like I got rid of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the house of + +This phrase is used in this verse three times. Each time, the word "house" refers to the "family" of the man specified. AT: "the family of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Nebat ... Ahijah + +These are the names of men. Translate the name "Nebat" the same as you did in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# The dogs will eat Jezebel + +This means that the dogs will eat her dead body. AT: "Dogs will eat the dead body of Jezebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/11.md b/2ki/09/11.md index 224af81593..21a9425dda 100644 --- a/2ki/09/11.md +++ b/2ki/09/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the servants of his master -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This refers to the other officers who were serving King Ahab. -## translationNotes +# mad fellow -* **the servants of his master** - This refers to the other officers who were serving King Ahab. -* **mad fellow** - "crazy man" -* **You know the man and the kinds of things he says** - AT: "You know this type of man and what men like him say." -* **He said this and that to me** - AT: "He talked about some things," -* **took off his outer garment put it under Jehu** - In this culture, putting clothing on the ground was a way of honoring the king, so that his feet would not touch the dirty ground. AT: "took off their outer clothes and put them in front of Jehu for him to walk on" +"crazy man" + +# You know the man and the kinds of things he says + +Jehu says that he is a young prophet and they all are familiar with the kinds of things young prophets generally say. AT: "You know what kinds of things young prophets like him say" + +# Tell us + +"Tell us what he said" + +# He said this and that to me + +"He talked about some things" + +# took off his outer garment and put it under Jehu + +In this culture, putting clothing on the ground was a way of honoring the king, so that his feet would not touch the dirty ground. AT: "took off their outer clothes and put them in front of Jehu for him to walk on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They blew the trumpet and said + +Not every man blew a trumpet. It is likely only one man blew a trumpet. AT: "One of them blew the trumpet and they all said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/14.md b/2ki/09/14.md index a943a0d4a7..8e005204d2 100644 --- a/2ki/09/14.md +++ b/2ki/09/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Nimshi -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:joram]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +Translate the name of this man the same as you did in [2 Kings 9:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Now Joram -* **Now Joram** - "Now Joram and his army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the wounds that the Arameans had given him** - AT: "wounds that Joram got during the battle with the Aramean army," -* **Jehu said to the servants of Joram** - This refers to the officers who were with Joram at Ramoth Gilead. -* **If this is your opinion** - AT: "If you truly want me to be your king," -* **then let no one escape and go out of the city, in order to go tell this news in Jezreel** - AT: "then do not let anyone leave this city for the purpose of going to warn king Joram and his army in Jezreel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **Now Ahaziah king of Judah had come down to see Joram** - King Ahaziah was also in Jezreel at this time, visiting Joram after he was injured in battle. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about about how Joram was wounded and went to recover in Jezreel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# all Israel + +These refers only to the Israelite army and not to everyone who lives in Israel. AT: "he and his army" or "he and the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to be healed of + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to recover from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the wounds that the Arameans had given him + +This means that he was wounded in battle with the Arameans. AT: "wounds that Joram got during the battle with the Aramean army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# against Hazael king of Aram + +This refers to Hazael and his army. AT: "against Hazael king of Aram and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Hazael + +Translate the name of this man the same as you did in [2 Kings 8:8](../08/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jehu said to the servants of Joram + +This refers to the officers who were with Joram at Ramoth Gilead. + +# If this is your opinion + +"If you are in agreement with me" Jehu uses this phrase to refer to if people are supportive of him being king and of his decisions. AT: "If you truly want me to be your king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in order to go tell this news in Jezreel + +This refers to telling Joram and his army of Jehu's plans. AT: "to warn king Joram and his army in Jezreel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now Ahaziah + +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about Ahaziah visiting Joram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/17.md b/2ki/09/17.md index 53a2771090..bc8afba0be 100644 --- a/2ki/09/17.md +++ b/2ki/09/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# watchman -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +"guard" -## translationNotes +# the company of Jehu as he came at a distance -* **watchman** - This man was a guard (UDB) or lookout. -* **the company of Jehu as he came at a distance** - AT: "Jehu and his men as they were still far away;" -* **What have you to do with peace?** - Jehu was letting the messenger know that he had not come peacefully. AT: "It is not your concern if I have come in peace!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The messenger has met them, but he is not coming back** - The watchman told King Joram that the man he sent out is not coming back with a reply to the king's question. +"Jehu and his men as they were still far away" + +# What have you to do with peace? + +Jehu uses this rhetorical question to tell the messenger that it is none of his concern if he comes in peace or not. This may be written as a statement. AT: "It is not your concern if I have come in peace!" or "It is not for you to know if I have come in peace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The messenger has met them, but he is not coming back + +The watchman told King Joram that the man he sent out is not coming back with a reply to the king's question. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/19.md b/2ki/09/19.md index e28f32c231..a2d3d15dc5 100644 --- a/2ki/09/19.md +++ b/2ki/09/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he sent out a second man on horseback, who came to them -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +"Then king Joram sent a second messenger riding a horse, who went out to meet Jehu and his army" -## translationNotes +# second man -* **Then he sent out a second man on horseback, who came to them** - "Then king Joram sent a second messenger riding a horse, who went out to meet Jehu and his army." -* **What have you to do with peace?** - Jehu tells second messenger the same thing he told the first messenger in [[:en:bible:notes:2Ki:09:17]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"2nd man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# What have you to do with peace? + +Jehu uses this rhetorical question to tell the messenger that it is none of his concern if he comes in peace or not. This may be written as a statement. See how you translated this question in [2 Kings 9:18](./17.md). AT: "It is not your concern if I have come in peace!" or "It is not for you to know if I have come in peace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For the way that the chariot is being driven is the way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "Because the driver of the chariot drives the same way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/21.md b/2ki/09/21.md index d1955eeea6..18e310237d 100644 --- a/2ki/09/21.md +++ b/2ki/09/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# each in his chariot -* [[en:tw:ahaziah]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:joram]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] +"each in his own chariot" -## translationNotes +# They found him at -* **They found him at** - "When they reached Jehu, he was at" -* **What peace is there, when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many?** - AT: "There can be no peace as long as your mother Jezebel practices and promotes so much idolatry in the form of prostitution and witchcraft." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"When they reached Jehu, he was at" + +# Naboth + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jezreelite + +This refers to a person from Jezreel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# What peace is there, when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many? + +Jehu uses this rhetorical question to state why he is not coming in peace. This can be stated in active form. AT: "There can be no peace as long as your mother Jezebel practices and promotes so much idolatry in the form of prostitution and witchcraft." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/23.md b/2ki/09/23.md index 7e1ace7c07..00d355ab4e 100644 --- a/2ki/09/23.md +++ b/2ki/09/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# turned his chariot and fled -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +"turned his chariot around to try to flee" -## translationNotes +# treachery -* **turned his chariot and fled** - "turned his chariot around to try to escape" -* **treachery** - Treachery means to trick or to deceive. -* **with his full strength** - "with all of his strength" or "with all of his power" -* **he sank down in his chariot** - "Joram fell down dead in his chariot." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +trickery or deception + +# with his full strength + +"with all of his strength" or "with all of his power" + +# he sank down in his chariot + +Joram died from being shot with arrow. AT: "Joram fell down dead in his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/25.md b/2ki/09/25.md index b931e4322e..3006fe1f56 100644 --- a/2ki/09/25.md +++ b/2ki/09/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Bidkar -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Pick him up and throw him -* **Bidkar** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Pick him up** - "Pick up his dead body" or "Take his corpse" (UDB) -* **Think about how** - "Remember" -* **after Ahab his father** - "behind his father Ahab's chariot," -* **Yahweh placed this prophecy against him** - "Yahweh spoke this prophecy against Joram:" -* **the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons** - This means the murder of Naboth and his sons. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will repay you** - "I will give you what you deserve for the evil you have done" -* **take him and throw him into that place, that field** - "take Joram's dead body and throw it into that same field, the field of Naboth," -* **to bring to pass what we were told would happen** - "to fulfill the prophecy spoken to us" +"Pick up his dead body and throw it" or "Take his corpse and throw it" + +# Think about how + +"Remember" + +# after Ahab his father + +This means that they rode in the chariot behind Ahab's chariot. AT: "behind his father Ahab's chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh placed this prophecy against him + +"Yahweh spoke this prophecy against Ahab" + +# the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons + +Here the word "blood" refers to "murder" AT: "the murder of Naboth and the murder of his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will surely make you pay for it + +This means that he will punish Ahab as he deserves for the evil he has done. AT: "I will give you what you deserve for the evil you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pick him up and throw him on this field + +"take Joram's dead body and throw it into the field of Naboth" + +# according to the word of Yahweh + +"to fulfill the prophecy spoken to us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/27.md b/2ki/09/27.md index 9faf410ef2..4a43e24499 100644 --- a/2ki/09/27.md +++ b/2ki/09/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +This is the account of what happened to Ahaziah, the king of Judah, after Jehu killed Joram. -## translationNotes +# saw this -* This is the account of what happened to Ahaziah, the king of Judah, after Jehu killed Joram. -* **saw this** - AT: "saw what happened to Joram" -* **Beth Haggan, Gur, Ibleam, Megiddo** - These are all names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **at the ascent of Gur, which is by Ibleam** - AT: "on the road leading up to a place called Gur, which is near the place called Ibleam." -* **sepulchre** - This is a place where people buried dead bodies. +"saw what happened to Joram" + +# Beth Haggan ... Gur ... Ibleam ... Megiddo + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# at the ascent of Gur + +The word "ascent" means that they were going up hill while travelling on the road to Gur. AT: "on the road leading up to Gur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his fathers + +"his ancestors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/29.md b/2ki/09/29.md index 50b115878b..55e556dd74 100644 --- a/2ki/09/29.md +++ b/2ki/09/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +This describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign by stating how long the current king of Israel had reigned. AT: "in the eleventh year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# eleventh year -* **Now it was in the eleventh year of Joram the son of Ahab that Ahaziah had begun to reign over Judah** - AT: "Now Ahab had become king of Judah in year 11 of Joram's reign over Israel." +"11th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/30.md b/2ki/09/30.md index 84d25d33fd..1081026bb2 100644 --- a/2ki/09/30.md +++ b/2ki/09/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# painted her eyes, arranged her hair -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +"put on makeup, made her hair look nice" -## translationNotes +# Are you coming in peace, you Zimri, your master's murderer? -* **painted her eyes, arranged her hair** - AT: "put on makeup and made her hair look nice," -* **Are you coming in peace** - AT: "You are certainly not coming in peace!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you Zimri, your master's murderer** - Zimri was a commander of the army of Israel who murdered the king of Israel because he wanted to be king. AT: "You murdered your master, just like Zimri murdered his master!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **Who is on my side?** - AT: "Who will help me?" +Jezebel uses this rhetorical question to accuse Jehu of not coming peacefully. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You are certainly not coming in peace, you Zimri, your master's murderer!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you Zimri, your master's murderer + +Here Jezebel calls Jehu "Zimri" to say that he is a murderer. Zimri was a commander of the army of Israel who murdered the king of Israel because he wanted to be king. AT: "you murdered your master, just like Zimri murdered his master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Zimri + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Who is on my side + +To "be on someone's side" means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. AT: "Who is loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/33.md b/2ki/09/33.md index 438252557e..e994780907 100644 --- a/2ki/09/33.md +++ b/2ki/09/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Throw her down -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] +Jehu was telling the eunuchs to throw Jezebel out of the window. -## translationNotes +# So they threw Jezebel down -* **Throw her down** - Jehu was telling the eunuchs to throw Jezebel out of the window. -* **So they threw Jezebel down** - The eunuchs threw Jezebel out of the high window and she died when she hit the ground. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **and Jehu trampled her under foot** - AT: "and Jehu's horses that were pulling his chariot trampled her body under their feet." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **See now to this cursed woman** - AT: "Now go and bury Jezebel's dead body," -* **for she is a king's daughter** - AT: "because, after all, we must bury the daughter of a king with some respect." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +The eunuchs threw Jezebel out of the high window and she died when she hit the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Jehu trampled her underfoot + +This means that he drove his horses over her body. AT: "Jehu's horses that were pulling his chariot trampled her body under their feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See now to + +The phrase "see now to" means to give your attention to whatever is specified. AT: "Now go to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for she is a king's daughter + +Since Jezebel was the daughter of a king, it was necessary to bury her properly. AT: "because she is a king's daughter and therefore should be buried properly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/35.md b/2ki/09/35.md index f030332177..cc9cfb929b 100644 --- a/2ki/09/35.md +++ b/2ki/09/35.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# they found no more of her than -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:skull]] +"they found no more of her body than" This can be stated in positive form. AT: "all they found that was left of her body were" -## translationNotes +# the palms of her hands -* **the palms of her hands** - The palm is the inner part of the hand. -* **so no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel"** - AT: "so no one will be able to recognize her body." or "so no one will be able to tell this was Jezebel." +The palm is the inner part of the hand. + +# the Tishbite + +This refers to someone from the city of Tishbe. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the body of Jezebel will be like dung on the surface of the fields ... so that no one will be able to say + +This speaks of the pieces of Jezebel's body being scattered in the field as if they were dung spread in the field. Since the pieces of her body were so small and spread out there was nothing that could be collected and buried. AT: "the pieces of Jezebel's body will be scattered like dung in the fields ... so that no one will be able to recognize them and say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# dung + +"manure." This refers specifically to dung used as a fertilizer. + +# so that no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel." + +"so that no one will be able to recognize her body." or "so no one will be able to tell this was Jezebel." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/intro.md b/2ki/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8af1c1a40f --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The life of Elisha continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King Jehu ##### +Elisha told a young prophet to go and tell Jehu that God had made him the new king. Jehu killed the kings of both Israel and Judah and Jezebel, the mother of the king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/01.md b/2ki/10/01.md index 873df243fc..c3f446768c 100644 --- a/2ki/10/01.md +++ b/2ki/10/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# seventy descendants -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"70 descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria -* **Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria, to the rulers of Jezreel, including the elders and the guardians of Ahab's descendants​** - ​AT: "Jehu wrote and sent letters to the rulers of Jezreel in Samaria. These rulers included the elders and guardians of Ahabs descendants" -* **set him on his father’s throne** - AT: "give him his father's kingdom," or "make him king in his father's place," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your master’s royal line** - "Ahab's descendants" +This means that Jehu sent a messenger to deliver the letters. AT: "Jehu wrote letters and sent a messenger to deliver them in Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# saying, "Your master's + +"The letters said, 'Your master's" + +# set him on his father's throne + +Here, sitting on the king's throne means to be appointed as king. AT: "make him king in his father's place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your master's royal line + +"your master's descendants." Here the man that they selected to be king is referred to as Ahab's royal line of descendants. AT: "to defend your master's descendant" or "to defend him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/04.md b/2ki/10/04.md index c34a4147d7..4003fcba7a 100644 --- a/2ki/10/04.md +++ b/2ki/10/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# But they were terrified -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Then they were very afraid" -## translationNotes +# the two kings -* **But they were terrified** - "Then they were very afraid" -* **the two kings** - "two kings, Joram and Ahaziah" -* **could not stand before Jehu** - "could not resist him" (UDB) -* **So how can we stand?** - "how can we resist him?" (UDB) or "we cannot resist him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Then the man who was in charge of the palace, and the man who was over the city, and the elders also, and they who raised the children** - AT: "Then the rulers of Jezreel, the elders and those who raised Ahab's children" (See: [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:10:01]]) -* **good in your eyes** - "You do whatever you think is the best" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"two kings, Joram and Ahaziah" + +# could not stand before Jehu + +Here "stand" means to be able to endure under trouble. AT: "could not endure against Jehu" or "could not resist Jehu" + +# So how can we stand? + +The descendants use the rhetorical question to imply that they cannot stand against Jehu. AT: "We cannot stand against him either!" or "We cannot resist him either!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the man who was over the city + +"the mayor of the city." Here to be "over" something means to have authority and responsibility over it. AT: "the man who was in charge of the city" + +# they who raised the children + +This refers to the people who raised the king's children. AT: "they who raised the king's children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do what is good in your eyes + +Here Jehu's "eyes" refer to his "sight." His "sight" refers to what he thinks. AT: "Do what you judge to be right" or "Do whatever you think is the best" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/06.md b/2ki/10/06.md index d7ae7c1035..af78bb3e3f 100644 --- a/2ki/10/06.md +++ b/2ki/10/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# second time -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"2nd time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# on my side -* **if you will listen to my voice** - AT: "if you will listen to what I say and obey it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **you must take the heads of the men of your master’s descendants** - "kill King Ahab's descendants and cut off their heads" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +To "be on someone's side" means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. AT: "loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# listen + +to hear and obey + +# to my voice + +Here Jehu's "voice" refer to what he says. AT: "to what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you must take the heads ... and come to me + +It is implied that they are to bring the heads of the Ahab's descendant and present them to Jehu. AT: "you must take the heads ... and bring them to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you must take the heads of the men of your master's descendants + +This refers to killing them and removing their heads. AT: "kill your master's descendants and cut off their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# seventy in number ... seventy persons + +"70 in number ... 70 persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who were bringing them up + +This means that they were supervising them and teaching them. AT: "who were raising them" or "who were supervising them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sent them to Jehu + +This means that they sent people to deliver the baskets to Jehu. AT: "sent people to take them to Jehu" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/08.md b/2ki/10/08.md index 4bc997cc6e..7e708f66de 100644 --- a/2ki/10/08.md +++ b/2ki/10/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# of the king's sons -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] +"of Ahab's descendants" -## translationNotes +# Jehu went out and stood -* **of the king's sons** - "of Ahab's descendants" (UDB) -* **Jehu went out and stood** - AT: "Jehu went to the city gate and stood before the people" -* **You are innocent** - AT: "You did not kill king Joram" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **See, I plotted against my master and killed him** - "See" is to bring attention to what Jehu is about to say. AT: "Hear my words, I was the one who planned to harm king Joram and killed him," -* **but who killed all these?** - AT: "but it was Yahweh who commanded the deaths of all Ahab's descendants." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Jehu went to the city gate and stood before the people" + +# You are innocent + +It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "You are innocent of what happened to Joram" or 2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram's family. AT: "You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family" or "You are innocent of this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See + +Jehu uses this word here to draw the peoples' attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" or "Hear my words" + +# but who killed all these? + +Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. This can be written as a statement. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab's 70 descendants" or 2) AT: "but it was Yahweh's will for these men to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/10.md b/2ki/10/10.md index 41a9123c4e..f5725003ed 100644 --- a/2ki/10/10.md +++ b/2ki/10/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# certainly realize -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"understand" or "be aware of the fact that" -## translationNotes +# no part of Yahweh's word ... will fall to the ground -* **certainly realize ** - "understand" or "be aware of the fact that" -* **no part of Yahweh's word, the word that he spoke concerning the family of Ahab, will fall to the ground ** - AT: "Not one word that Yahweh spoke about Ahab's family will fail," or "Every word that Yahweh spoke about Ahab's family will come to pass," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **until none of them remained** - AT: "until he killed all of them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This speaks of everything happening that Yahweh has said will happen as if it were something that did not die and fall to the ground. AT: "No part of Yahweh's word ... will fail" or "every part of Yahweh's word ... will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh has done + +This speaks of Yahweh causing Ahab's descendants to be killed as if he killed them himself. AT: "Yahweh has caused to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So Jehu killed all ... and his priests + +Jehu did not kill all of these people personally, rather he commanded for them to be killed. AT: "So Jehu commanded for all ... to be killed" or "So Jehu commanded for all ... to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all who remained + +"all who were alive" or "all who were left" + +# until none of them remained + +This means that they had all been killed. AT: "until all of them had been killed" or "until all of them were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/12.md b/2ki/10/12.md index 151a0865c1..644f4739cb 100644 --- a/2ki/10/12.md +++ b/2ki/10/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Eked of the shepherd -* [[en:tw:ahaziah]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +This was the name of a place where sheep were sheared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# going down to greet -* **Beth Eked of the shepherd** - This was the name of a place where sheep were sheared. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **going down to greet** - "going to visit" -* **Take them alive** - "Seize them!" (UDB) AT: "Capture them so we can kill them." -* **So they took them alive** - "So they captured them" -* **He did not leave any of them alive** - AT: "He killed all of them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"going to visit" + +# the children of the king + +"the children of King Joram" + +# Take them alive + +This means to capture them, but not to kill them. AT: "Seize them!" or "Capture them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So they took them alive + +"So they captured them" + +# forty-two men + +"42 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He did not leave any of them alive + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "He killed all of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/15.md b/2ki/10/15.md index 4dfccde0b6..49970b56b3 100644 --- a/2ki/10/15.md +++ b/2ki/10/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehonadab son of Recab -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Is your heart with me, as my heart is with yours? ... "It is." -* **Jonadab the son of Rechab** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Is your heart with me, as mine is with yours?** - AT: "Will you be loyal to me, as I will be loyal to you?" or "Will you be faithful to me as I will be to you?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **It is** - If using either of the alternate translations for the previous question, the answer would be AT: "I will." -* **If it is, give me your hand** - AT: "If so, put your hand in mine" or "If so, let us shake hands." In many cultures, when two people shake hands, it confirms their agreement. -* **Jehu took him up to him into the chariot** - "Jehu took Jonadab up into his chariot with him." -* **and see my zeal for Yahweh** - "and you will see how devoted I am to Yahweh." -* **So he had Jonadab ride in his chariot** - "So Jehu had Jonadab ride along with him in Jehu's chariot." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **just as was told them before by the word of Yahweh, which he had spoken to Elijah** - AT: "to fulfill the prophecy that Elijah had spoken, which Yahweh gave to him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here a person's "heart" refers to their loyality. If a person's loyalty is "with someone," it means that they are loyal to that person. AT: "Will you be loyal to me, as I will be loyal to you? ... 'I will.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# If it is, give me your hand + +"If so, put your hand in mine" or "If so, let us shake hands" In many cultures, when two people shake hands, it confirms their agreement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# see my zeal + +The word "zeal" may be expressed as an adjective. AT: "see how zealous I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# royal line + +"entire royal family" + +# just as was told them before by the word of Yahweh, which he had spoken to Elijah + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to fulfill the prophecy that Elijah had spoken, which Yahweh gave to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/18.md b/2ki/10/18.md index 14138470f4..5beb94f3dc 100644 --- a/2ki/10/18.md +++ b/2ki/10/18.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# gathered -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"called" -## translationNotes +# all the people together -* **​gathered** - "called" -* **all the people together** - "all the people of Samaria" -* **serve him much** - "serve him much more than Ahab." -* **Now therefore call to me all the prophets of Baal, all his worshipers, and all his priests** - AT: "Now summon all the prophets, the worshipers and the priests of Baal." -* **Let no one be left out** - AT: "Do not leave anyone out," -* **Whoever does not come will not live** - "We will execute anyone who does not come." -* **solemn** - "serious" +"all the people of Samaria" + +# serve him much + +"serve him much more than Ahab" + +# Let no one be left out + +"Do not leave anyone out" + +# Whoever does not come will not live + +This means that if they do not come they will be executed. AT: "We will execute anyone who does not come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Set a time + +This means to designate and prepare a period of time for something. In this case they were to prepare for an assembly for Baal. AT: "Prepare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/21.md b/2ki/10/21.md index f178d8cadc..29b045a2f3 100644 --- a/2ki/10/21.md +++ b/2ki/10/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Jehu sent -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This means that he sent messengers to take this message throughout the land. AT: "Then Jehu sent messengers" or "Then Jehu sent the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# so that there was not a man left who did not come -* **so that there was not a man left who did not come** - AT: "so that every worshipper of Baal was there." or "so that every man came." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **They came into the temple of Baal** - "They went into the temple of Baal," +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "so that every worshiper of Baal was there" or "so that every man came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# it was filled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they filled it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who kept the priest's wardrobe + +Here "to keep" something means to care for it and oversee it. AT: "who was in charge of the priest's wardrobe" or "who cared for the priest's wardrobe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/23.md b/2ki/10/23.md index 1052de00fb..d0e376353e 100644 --- a/2ki/10/23.md +++ b/2ki/10/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he said to the worshipers of Baal -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Jehu said to the people who were in the temple to worship Baal" -## translationNotes +# but the worshipers of Baal alone -* **So Jehu went with Jehonadab the son of Rechab into the house of Baal** - AT: "Jehu and Jehonadab, the son of Rechab, went together into the temple of Baal," -* **and he said to the worshipers of Baal** - "and Jehu said to the people who were in the temple to worship Baal," -* **Search and make sure that there is no one here with you from the servants of Yahweh, but the worshipers of Baal alone** - AT: "Look around to make sure there are no people here who serve Yahweh, but only people who worship Baal." -* **If any of the men whom I bring into your hands escapes** - AT: "If any of these men that I brought into your control escapes," or "If any of the men inside gets away," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **whoever lets that man escape, his life will be taken for the life of he who escaped** - AT: "we will kill the man who let him escape." +"but that only worshipers of Baal are here" + +# If any of the men whom I bring into your hands escapes + +Here the "hands" of the men refer to their "control." By being stationed around the temple they were in control of the situation and it was up to them whether people were able to escape or not. AT: "If any of these men that I brought into your control escapes" or "If any of the men that are inside gets away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whoever lets that man escape, his life will be taken for the life of the one who escaped + +"we will kill the man who let him escape" + +# his life will be taken + +This can be stated in active form. This is a polite way to refer to a person being killed. AT: "we will take his life" or "we will kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the life of the one + +"in exchange for the life of the man." Here this man is referred to by his "life" to emphasize that he did not die. AT: "for the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/25.md b/2ki/10/25.md index c080e26d49..5ddcfb0f79 100644 --- a/2ki/10/25.md +++ b/2ki/10/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he said to the guard and to the captains -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +You may need to state that Jehu came out of the temple before he spoke to the guard. AT: "he went back outside of the temple of Baal and said to the guards and captains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# with the edge of the sword -* **he said to the guard and to the captains** - "he went back outside of the temple of Baal and said to the guards and captains," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **Let no one come out** - AT: "Do not let anyone escape." -* **with the edge of the sword** - "with their swords," (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **threw them out** - "threw their dead bodies out of the temple" -* **made it into a latrine** - A latrine is a bathroom, or a toilet area, usually for a camp or buildings used to house soldiers. AT: "made it a public toilet," +The men used swords to kill the worshipers of Baal. This phrase refers to their swords. AT: "with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# threw them out + +This means that threw the dead bodies of the people out of the temple. AT: "threw their dead bodies out of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# made it a latrine + +"made it a public toilet" A latrine is a bathroom, or a toilet area, usually for a camp or buildings used to house soldiers. + +# which it is to this day + +This means that something has remained in a certain condition until the present time. AT: "and since then it has always been that way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/29.md b/2ki/10/29.md index ad7e9cdc90..02688c71d4 100644 --- a/2ki/10/29.md +++ b/2ki/10/29.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# did not leave the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This speaks of Jehu committing the same sins that Jeroboam committed, as if Jeroboam's sins were a place that Jehu did not leave. AT: "did not stop committing the kinds of sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Nebat -* **in executing** - "in carrying out" or "in accomplishing" -* **what was right in my eyes** - "what I considered right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **all that was in my heart** - "all that I wanted you to do," -* **sit on the throne** - "be the kings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to the fourth generation** - son, and grandson, and great-grandson, and great-great-grandson (UDB) -* **Jehu took no care to walk in the Law of Yahweh, the God of Israel, with all his heart** - AT: "But Jehu was not careful to follow the Law of Yahweh, the God of Israel, in everything he did." -* **He did not turn away from the sins of Jerobaom, by which he made Israel sin** - AT: "Jehu did not stop from sinning in the same ways as Jerobaom, which caused the people of Israel to sin." +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Israel sin + +Here "Israel" refers to the people who live there. AT: "the people of Israel sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in executing + +"in carrying out" or "in accomplishing" + +# what was right in my eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what I judge to be right" or "what I consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Ahab + +Here Ahab's "house" refers to his "family." AT: "the family of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all that was in my heart + +Here the "heart" represents "desire." AT: "all that I desired for you to do" or "all that I wanted you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sit on the throne + +Sitting on the throne represents ruling as king. AT: "be the kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the fourth generation + +This refers to his son, grandson, great-grandson, and great-great-grandson. AT: "to the 4th generation" or "for four more generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Jehu took no care to walk in the law of Yahweh + +Here "walking" refers to "living." AT: "Jehu was not careful to live according to the law of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with all his heart + +Here the "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. AT: "in everything that he did" or "with all of his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam + +To "turn away" from something means to stop doing it. AT: "Jehu did not stop from sinning in the same ways as Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/32.md b/2ki/10/32.md index d7ca3870b3..b4f4e13247 100644 --- a/2ki/10/32.md +++ b/2ki/10/32.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# began to cut off regions from Israel -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +"began to cause the territory controlled by Israel to become smaller" -## translationNotes +# regions -* **regions** - "areas of land" -* **from Israel** - "from the nation of Israel's control," -* **Hazael** - AT: "King Hazael's Aramean army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Aroer, Arnon, Gilead, Bashan** - These are all names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"areas of land" + +# Hazael defeated + +Here "Hazael" refers to himself and his army. AT: "Hazael and his army" or "King Hazael's Aramean army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Hazael + +See how you translated this king's name in [2 Kings 8:8](../08/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# from the Jordan eastward + +"from the land east of the Jordan" + +# Aroer ... Bashan + +These are all names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Arnon + +"the Arnon River" This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/34.md b/2ki/10/34.md index 4cbc6f432c..cb15bd297f 100644 --- a/2ki/10/34.md +++ b/2ki/10/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Jehu slept with his ancestors, and they buried him in Samaria -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel?** - "They are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Jehu slept with his ancestors, and they buried him in Samaria** - AT: "Jehu died and they buried him in Samaria, where they had also buried his ancestors." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Jehoahaz** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This means that Jehu died. This speaks of him being buried where his ancestors were buried as if he were sleeping with them. AT: "Jehu died and they buried him in Samaria, where they had also buried his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jehoahaz + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria was twenty-eight years + +"Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty-eight years" + +# twenty-eight years + +"28 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/intro.md b/2ki/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cceca3aef1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 2 Kings 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +God's prophecy against the family of Ahab was fulfilled. Jehu killed all of Ahab's descendants and all the worshipers of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/01.md b/2ki/11/01.md index adbe027ce7..fd5d6e15da 100644 --- a/2ki/11/01.md +++ b/2ki/11/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Athaliah ... Jehosheba ... Joash -* [[en:tw:ahaziah]] -* [[en:tw:athaliah]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jehoram]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# saw that her son was dead -* **Athaliah, Jehosheba, Joash** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **saw that her son was dead** - AT: "became aware that her son was dead," -* **she arose and killed all the royal children** - "she commanded that all the members of Ahaziah's family who might become king must be executed" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **took Joash, the son of Ahaziah, and hid him away from among the king’s sons who were killed, along with his nurse; she put them into a bedroom. They hid him from Athaliah so that he was not killed** - "​took Ahaziah's very young son Joash and hid him and his nursemaid in a bedroom in the temple. So he was not killed." (UDB) -* **He was with Jehosheba, hidden in the house of Yahweh, for six years, while Athaliah reigned over the land** - AT: "Joash and Jehosheba hid six years in the house of Yahweh as Athaliah ruled the land." -* **land** - "kingdom" +"became aware that her son was dead" + +# she arose and killed all the royal children + +Athaliah did not personally kill the children. AT: "she commanded her servants to kill all the members of Ahaziah's family who might become king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# took Joash son of Ahaziah, and hid him away from among the king's sons who were killed, along with his nurse; she put them into a bedroom. They hid him from Athaliah so that he was not killed. + +"took Ahaziah's very young son Joash and hid him and his nursemaid in a bedroom in the temple. So he was not killed" + +# He remained with her six years, hidden in the house of Yahweh, while Athaliah reigned over the land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joash and Jehosheba hid him in the house of Yahweh for six years while Athaliah ruled the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# land + +"kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/04.md b/2ki/11/04.md index 34f9d38666..0cac6864cf 100644 --- a/2ki/11/04.md +++ b/2ki/11/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This continues the story of what happens after Joash, the son of King Azahiah, was hidden in the temple after all King Azahiah's other descendants were killed. -## translationNotes +# In the seventh year -* This continues the story of what happens after Joash, the son of King Azahiah, was hidden in the temple after all King Azahiah's other descendants were killed. -* **In the seventh year** - "In the seventh year of Athaliah's reign" or "In year 7 of Athaliah's reign" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jehoiada** - the high priest (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Carites** - This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards. -* **brought them to himself** - Jehoiada, the high priest, had these military men report to him at the temple. -* **Then he showed them the king's son** - Jehoiada revealed to them that Joash, King Azahiah's son, was still alive. +"In the seventh year of Athaliah's reign" or "In year 7 of Athaliah's reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jehoiada + +the high priest (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the commanders of hundreds + +The phrases "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Carites + +This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards. + +# brought them to himself + +"had them come to meet with him." Jehoiada, the high priest, had these military men report to him at the temple. + +# Then he showed them the king's son + +Jehoiada revealed to them that Joash, King Azahiah's son, was still alive. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/07.md b/2ki/11/07.md index 0258044def..3e3607eaa6 100644 --- a/2ki/11/07.md +++ b/2ki/11/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Jehoiada continues giving directions to the soldiers who will protect King Joash. -## translationNotes +# for the king -* Jehoiada continues giving directions to the soldiers who will protect King Joash. -* **for the king** - AT: "in order to protect King Joash." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Whoever enters within your ranks** - A rank refers to a line of soldiers. AT: "Anyone who comes near as you are protecting King Joash," -* **You must stay with the king when he goes out, and when he comes in** - AT: "You must stay near the king at all times." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +They were to keep watch for the purpose of protecting the king from harm. AT: "in order to protect King Joash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Whoever enters within your ranks + +"Anyone who tries to go past you while you are protecting King Joash." A rank refers to a line of soldiers. + +# let him be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You must stay with the king when he goes out, and when he comes in + +These two opposite things are a merism that refers to everything the king does. AT: "You must stay near the king at all times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/09.md b/2ki/11/09.md index 236e44e5d2..09a7d3e6d2 100644 --- a/2ki/11/09.md +++ b/2ki/11/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the commanders of hundreds -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Each one -* **the commanders of hundreds** - AT: "the captains" -* **Each one** - "Each captain" -* **handed over to** - "gave to" +"Each commander" + +# were in the house of Yahweh + +"were stored in the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/11.md b/2ki/11/11.md index 2a8245e740..45979e4499 100644 --- a/2ki/11/11.md +++ b/2ki/11/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# from the right side of the temple to the left side, near the altar and the temple -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Some versions translate the first two occurrences of "temple" as "palace." These versions say, "from the right side of the palace to the left side of the palace, near the altar and the temple." -## translationNotes +# brought out the king's son Joash -* **brought out the king's son Joash** - Jehoiada, the high priest, brought king Ahaziah's son, Joash, out from the temple apartment where he had been raised in hiding. -* **gave him the covenant decrees** - "presented him with the book of the law" -* **clapped their hands** - Clapping their hands was a sign of the happiness of the people at the anointing of the new king. +Jehoiada, the high priest, brought king Ahaziah's son, Joash, out from the temple apartment where he had been raised in hiding. + +# gave him the covenant decrees + +"presented him with the book of the law" + +# anointed him + +The priest poured olive oil on the head of Joash as a symbol that he was now the king. AT: "poured some olive oil on Joash's head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# clapped their hands + +Clapping their hands was a sign of the happiness of the people at the anointing of the new king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/13.md b/2ki/11/13.md index 9397b706ea..eee9b6dbcb 100644 --- a/2ki/11/13.md +++ b/2ki/11/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the noise of the guard -* [[en:tw:athaliah]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This refers to the noise made by all the soldiers. -## translationNotes +# she came to the people in the house of Yahweh -* **she came to the people in the house of Yahweh ** - AT: "she came to where the people had gathered at the temple." -* **She looked, and behold, the king Joash ** - "When she arrived, she saw the King Joash" -* **according to custom ** - "which was the usual place for the king to stand," +"she came to where the people had gathered at the temple" + +# She looked, and, behold, the king was standing + +"When she arrived, she was surprised to see King Joash standing" + +# by the pillar + +"by one of the pillars of the temple" + +# as the custom was + +"which was the usual place for the king to stand" + +# the trumpeters + +"the people who played the trumpets" + +# Athaliah tore her clothes + +She tore her clothes to express that she was very upset and angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Treason! Treason! + +"You are traitors! You have betrayed me!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/15.md b/2ki/11/15.md index c5082e9891..c5057adc20 100644 --- a/2ki/11/15.md +++ b/2ki/11/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the commanders of hundreds -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Bring her out between the ranks -* **Bring her out between the ranks** - "Take her away between two rows of guards" (UDB) Ranks are lines or rows of soldiers. -* **Anyone who follows her** - AT: "Anyone who follows to try to rescue her," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **So they made way for her** - "So the guards seized her and led her away" -* **and she went by way of the horse gate to the king's house** - "to the place where horses come into the palace grounds," +"Take her away between two rows of guards" or "Lead her away with a row of soldiers on each side of her." Ranks are lines or rows of soldiers. + +# Anyone who follows her + +It is implied that a person who followed her would be trying to help her. AT: "Anyone who follows to try to rescue her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they seized her as she reached the place where the horses enter the palace grounds + +Some versions translate this as "the guards seized her and took her to the palace, to the place where horses enter the courtyard." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/17.md b/2ki/11/17.md index d56fe5b51c..6656308b41 100644 --- a/2ki/11/17.md +++ b/2ki/11/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# also between the king and the people -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"also made a covenant between the king and the people" -## translationNotes +# all the people of the land -* **and also between the king and the people ** - "and also made a covenant between the king and the people." -* **the house of Baal** - "the temple of Baal" -* **Mattan** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Then the priest appointed guards over the temple of Yahweh** - AT: "Then Jehoiada, the priest, posted guards to protect the temple of Yahweh." +This is a generalization to show that a large group of people tore down the temple of Baal. AT: a large number of the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the house of Baal + +"the temple of Baal" + +# Mattan + +This is the name of a male priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/19.md b/2ki/11/19.md index d2620f4a66..832a2ac69f 100644 --- a/2ki/11/19.md +++ b/2ki/11/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +They take the new king, Joash, from the temple to the palace. -## translationNotes +# the commanders of hundreds -* The new king, Joash, is taken from the temple to the palace. -* **Carites** - This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards. -* **the city was quiet** - "calm" or "peaceful" +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Carites + +This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards. + +# brought down the king from the house of Yahweh and they went into the king's house + +"brought the king from the temple to the palace" + +# all the people of the land rejoiced + +This is a generalization. It is possible that some did not rejoice. AT: "many people in the land rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the city was quiet + +"the city was calm" or "the city was peaceful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/21.md b/2ki/11/21.md index 21d9e0f2de..4d8885f32c 100644 --- a/2ki/11/21.md +++ b/2ki/11/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Joash was seven years old -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Joash was seven years old** - "Joash was 7 years old" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"Joash was 7 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/intro.md b/2ki/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4cc34dec5b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the beginning of the story of the spiritual revival in Judah under Joash. The people returned to properly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Athaliah's evil actions ##### +The mother of the king of Judah, Athaliah, killed all the royal children so that she could rule. She was not able to kill the baby Joash because his aunt hid him in the temple. When Joash was seven years old, the chief priest conspired with the army and made Joash king. They killed Athaliah and destroyed the temple of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/01.md b/2ki/12/01.md index 849fc08c77..0706350bf5 100644 --- a/2ki/12/01.md +++ b/2ki/12/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# In the seventh year of Jehu -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"During year 7 of the reign of Jehu over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the reign of Joash began -* **In the seventh year of Jehu** - AT: "During year 7 of the reign of Jehu over Israel," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the reign of Joash began** - AT: "Joash began to reign over Judah." -* **Zibiah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **what was right in the eyes of Yahweh** - The phrase "eyes of Yahweh" represents Yahweh's entire being. AT: "what was pleasing to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **instructing him** - "teaching him." -* **but the shrines were not taken away. The people still sacrificed and burned incense at them** - AT: "But the people continued to go to places that were unacceptable to Yahweh, to make sacrifices and burn incense." +"Joash began to reign over Judah" + +# Zibiah + +This was the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zibiah, of Beersheba + +"Zibiah, from the city of Beersheba" + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what Yahweh judges to be right" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# instructing him + +"teaching him" + +# But the high places were not taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the people did not destroy the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The people still sacrificed and burned incense on the high places + +Yawheh forbid the people to worship at these place. This can be made explicit. AT: "The people continued to go to places that were unacceptable to Yahweh, to make sacrifices and burn incense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/04.md b/2ki/12/04.md index f55744c637..294991158d 100644 --- a/2ki/12/04.md +++ b/2ki/12/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the money that is brought in as sacred offerings into the house of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This refers to money that people gave to support the temple. This money came in three forms that are described in the rest of the sentence. -## translationNotes +# money brought in by people motivated by Yahweh in their hearts to give -* **the consecrated silver ** - The silver was set apart for the repair of the house of Yahweh -* **from one of the treasurers ** - there were persons who kept the silver (money) and who distributed it when repairs to the house of Yahweh were to be made +This refers to money that people decided to freely give to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/06.md b/2ki/12/06.md index c776d7c1d0..c004f94aa3 100644 --- a/2ki/12/06.md +++ b/2ki/12/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# by the twenty-third year of King Joash +"when Joash had been king for twenty three years" -## translationNotes +# Why have you not repaired anything in the temple? -* **Why are you not repairing the damage to the temple?** - AT: "You should have been repairing the temple!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **but take what has been collected for repairs of the temple** - AT: "but take the money that has been collected and use it for repairs of the temple" -* **but hand it over to those who can make repairs** - AT: "to pay workers who know how and will make the repairs." +Joash asks this question to rebuke the priests. AT: "You should have been repairing the temple!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# give it to those who can make the repairs + +"pay workers who will do the repairs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/09.md b/2ki/12/09.md index b90d8c0e0c..d52517b1ed 100644 --- a/2ki/12/09.md +++ b/2ki/12/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Instead -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"Instead of the priests collecting the money" -## translationNotes +# on the right side as one comes into the house of Yahweh -* **Instead** - "Instead of the priests collecting the money," -* **as one comes into the house of Yahweh** - AT: "of the entrance to the temple." -* **put into it** - "put into the chest" or "put in the box" (UDB) -* **the money found** - AT: "the money that had been put in the chest" +"on the right side of the entrance to the temple" + +# put into it + +"put into the chest" or "put in the box" + +# the money that was brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the money that people brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# put the money in bags and then count it + +Many versions put this in a more logical order such as "count the money and put it in bags." + +# put the money in bags + +Possible meanings are 1) "put the money in bags" or 2) "tied up the money in bags" . + +# the money found + +"the money that they found in the chest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/11.md b/2ki/12/11.md index 80e8113609..e63cd1a017 100644 --- a/2ki/12/11.md +++ b/2ki/12/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# weighed out +"counted" -## translationNotes +# into the hands of men -* **weighed out** - AT: "counted out" or "given out" -* **into the hands of the men** - "to the men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **who took care of** - AT: "who were working on the repairs of" -* **carpenters** - These are people who build and repair things made of wood. -* **masons** - These are people who build with stone. -* **for buying timber and cutting stone** - "to use for buying wood and stone to cut" +Here "hands" refers to the men. AT: "to men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# who took care of the temple + +"who repaired the temple" + +# carpenters + +people who build and repair things made of wood + +# masons + +people who build with stone + +# stonecutters + +people who cut stones into the correct size and shape + +# for buying timber and cutting stone + +"to buy wood and to cut stone" + +# for all that was needed to be paid to repair it + +"to pay for all of the needed repairs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/13.md b/2ki/12/13.md index 83253a09ef..5e273ba0aa 100644 --- a/2ki/12/13.md +++ b/2ki/12/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# did not pay to make for it any -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +"was not spent to pay for any of the temple's" -## translationNotes +# silver cups, lamp trimmers, basins, trumpets, or any gold or silver furnishing -* **silver cups, lamp trimmers, basins, trumpets, or any gold or silver furnishing** - These are items that would have been used by the priests for various temple tasks, such as sacrifices or festivals. +These are items that would have been used by the priests for various temple tasks, such as sacrifices or festivals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/15.md b/2ki/12/15.md index b59cf6c4c9..47190ad975 100644 --- a/2ki/12/15.md +++ b/2ki/12/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they did not require the money paid for repairs to be accounted for by the men who received it and paid it to the workmen -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they did not require the men who received the money and paid the workmen for the repairs to account for the money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to be accounted for -* **to be accounted for** - to keep a record of how much money was spent -* **was not brought into the temple of Yahweh** - AT: "did not pay for the repairs of the temple of Yahweh," +to keep a record of how much money was received and spent + +# the money for the guilt offerings and the money for the sin offerings was not brought into the temple of Yahweh + +It is implied that this money was not used for the repairs. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they did not use the money from the guilt offerings and the sin offerings to pay for the repairs to the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/17.md b/2ki/12/17.md index 9fda0fd602..afe4420881 100644 --- a/2ki/12/17.md +++ b/2ki/12/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Hazael king of Aram attacked ... Hazael then turned to attack -* [[en:tw:ahaziah]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jehoram]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to Hazael's army as well as to Hazael. AT: "Hazael king of Aram and his army attacked ... Then they turned to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Hazael -* **took it** - AT: "defeated and took control of it." -* **his fathers** - These men were previous kings of Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Then Hazael went away from Jerusalem** - The gifts Joash gave Hazael convinced him not to attack Jerusalem. +This is the name of the king of the country of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# took it + +"defeated and took control of it" + +# Jehoshaphat and Jehoram and Ahaziah, his fathers + +These men were previous kings of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# set apart + +"dedicated" + +# the gold that was found in the storerooms + +"the gold that was stored in the storerooms" + +# Then Hazael went away from Jerusalem + +The gifts Joash gave Hazael convinced him not to attack Jerusalem. This can be made explicit. AT: "So Hazael stopped attacking Jerusalem and left" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/19.md b/2ki/12/19.md index 6aad856d49..7f720d54f4 100644 --- a/2ki/12/19.md +++ b/2ki/12/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Silla -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah?** - AT: "They are written in the book of the History of the Kings of Judah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Silla** - The location of this place is unknown. -* **Jozabad, Shimeath, Jehozabad, Shomer, Amaziah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **became king in his place** - "became the next king of Judah." +The location of this place is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jozabad ... Shimeath ... Jehozabad ... Shomer ... Amaziah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with his ancestors + +"in the place where his ancestors were buried" + +# became king in his place + +"became the next king of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/intro.md b/2ki/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..16e554b9ae --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the end of the story of the revival in Judah under Joash. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Temple ##### +Joash repaired the temple. In many ways, the temple represents the relationship between the people and Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/01.md b/2ki/13/01.md index 9381342e37..f351ca398e 100644 --- a/2ki/13/01.md +++ b/2ki/13/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# In the twenty-third year of Joash son of Ahaziah king of Judah -* [[en:tw:ahaziah]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"After Joash had been ruling Judah for almost 23 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# reign over Israel in Samaria -* **In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah** - third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah** - "After Joash had been ruling Judah for almost 23 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **reign over Israel in Samaria** - "reign over the kingdom of Israel located in Samaria" -* **he reigned seventeen years** - "Jehoahaz reigned for 17 years" -* **He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - "He did what was evil according to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and followed the sins of Jeroboam** - "and did the same sins as Jeroboam" -* **by which he had made Israel sin** - AT: "sins that encouraged the people of Israel to sin," -* **and Jehoahaz did not leave his sins behind** - AT: "and Jehoahaz did not stop doing the sins of Jeroboam." +"rule over the kingdom of Israel located in Samaria" + +# he reigned seventeen years + +"Jehoahaz was king for 17 years" + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# followed the sins of Jeroboam + +"did the same sins as Jeroboam" + +# Jehoahaz did not turn away from them + +Here stopping his sin is spoken of as if he turned away from them. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "Jehoahaz did not stop doing the sins of Jeroboam" or "Jehoahaz continued to do the same sins as Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/03.md b/2ki/13/03.md index 36a80e0a51..1855c9f96b 100644 --- a/2ki/13/03.md +++ b/2ki/13/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh becoming angry with Israel is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that burned. AT: "Then Yahweh became very angry with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# gave them continually into the hand of Hazael king of Aram and into the hand of Ben Hadad son of Hazael -* **The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel** - AT: "Then Yahweh had an intense anger against Israel," -* **handed him over to Hazael king of Aram, and to Benhadad the son of Hazael** - Here "him" refers to Israel. AT: "allowed Hazael king of Aram and Benhadad, his son, to repeatedly defeat the Israelites in battle." -* **implored Yahweh** - "prayed to Yahweh," +Here "them" refers to Israel and "hand" refers to the power to control them. AT: "allowed Hazael the king of Aram, and Ben Hadad, his son, to repeatedly defeat the Israelites in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# implored Yahweh + +"prayed to Yahweh" + +# he saw the oppression of Israel, how the king of Aram was oppressing them + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract noun "oppression" means the same as "the king of Aram was oppressing them." AT: "he saw how severely the king of Aram was oppressing Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a rescuer + +"someone to rescue them" + +# they escaped from the hand of the Arameans + +Here "hand" refers to the power to control them. AT: "he enabled them to be free from Aram's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/06.md b/2ki/13/06.md index 1f147ceb19..c60d7b2e94 100644 --- a/2ki/13/06.md +++ b/2ki/13/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they did not depart from the sins of the house of Jeroboam -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +To stop sinning is spoken of as if they departed from the sins. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Israel did not stop doing the same sins as Jeroboam had done" or "Israel continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam had committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# house of Jeroboam -* **they did not turn away from the sins of the house of Jeroboam** - AT: "Israel continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam had," -* **trampled on them like dust** - their destruction was so great, what remained of their army was defeated so badly, their greater parts were broken into small pieces (like the dust). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **had destroyed them ** - AT "the king of the Arameans defeated the army of Jehoahaz" +"the family of Jeroboam" + +# had destroyed them + +"had defeated the army of Jehoahaz" + +# made them like the chaff at threshing time + +The Aramean army had so severely defeated the army of Israel that what remained was so worthless that it is compared to wheat chaff that the laborers walk on at harvest time. AT: "had crushed them as workers crush chaff under their feet at harvest time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/08.md b/2ki/13/08.md index b2557f3e9b..665ae5246f 100644 --- a/2ki/13/08.md +++ b/2ki/13/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# slept with his ancestors -* **As for the other matters concerning Jehoahaz, and all that he did and his power** - AT: "Now the rest of Jehoahaz's acts, all that he did as king," -* **slept with his ancestors** - "died," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **are they not written** - AT: "they are written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is a polite way of saying that he died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/10.md b/2ki/13/10.md index 0c3abb768d..7499d5ddee 100644 --- a/2ki/13/10.md +++ b/2ki/13/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# In the thirty-seventh year of Joash king of Judah -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"After Joash had ruled Judah for almost 37 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the reign of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz began over Israel in Samaria -* **Jehoash** - This was a king of Israel who was the son of Jehoahaz. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "He did things that Yahweh considers evil." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He did not turn away from any of the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat** - AT: "Jehoash kept committing the the same sins as Jeroboam, the son of Nebat," -* **who caused Israel to sin** - "by which Jeroboam had made Israel to sin," -* **but he continued in them** - "but Jehoash continued to do these same sins." +"Jehoash son of Jehoahaz began to rule over Israel in Samaria" + +# Jehoash + +This was a king of Israel who was the son of Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +Here "sight" represents God's thoughts or judgment. AT: "He did things that Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not leave behind any of the sins of Jeroboam + +To stop sinning is spoken of as if he left behind the sins. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Jehoash did not stop committing the same sins as Jeroboam" or "Jehoash kept committing the same sins as Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by which he had made Israel to sin + +"by which Jeroboam had caused Israel to sin" + +# but he walked in them + +To sin is spoken of as if he was walking along a sinful path. AT: "but Jehoash continued to do these same sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/12.md b/2ki/13/12.md index 1111784317..5f875a6e95 100644 --- a/2ki/13/12.md +++ b/2ki/13/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# his might by which he fought against Amaziah king of Judah -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Here the strength of Jehoash's army is spoken of as Jehoash's "might." AT: "the power that his army showed when they fought against the army of Amaziah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* **and his might by which he fought against Amaziah king of Judah** - "and the power that his army showed when they fought against the army of Amaziah king of Judah," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Joash slept with his ancestors** - "Joash died," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **and Jeroboam sat on his throne** - At: "and Jeroboam became king." or "and Jeroboam began to rule." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Jehoash slept with his ancestors + +This a polite way to say that Jehoash died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Jeroboam sat on his throne + +Here "sat on his throne" refers to ruling as king. At: "Jeroboam became king after him" or "Jeroboam began to rule after him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/14.md b/2ki/13/14.md index f7817881ac..2c15516863 100644 --- a/2ki/13/14.md +++ b/2ki/13/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# wept over him -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:father]] +"wept because Elisha was sick" -## translationNotes +# My father, my father -* **My father, my father** - Elisha was not the king's literal father. King Joash used this term as a sign of respect. -* **and the horsemen** - AT: "and the drivers of the chariots" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Elisha was not the king's literal father. King Joash used this term as a sign of respect. + +# the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you away + +This is a reference to Elijah going to heaven in [2 Kings 2:11-12](../02/11.md). Joash uses this phrase to say that Elisha was going to die. AT: "the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you to heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the horsemen + +This refers to the men who drove the chariots. This can be made explicit. AT: "the drivers of the chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/17.md b/2ki/13/17.md index ce32f9aaa5..637b268ff8 100644 --- a/2ki/13/17.md +++ b/2ki/13/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Elisha continues to talk to Joash, king of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Open the window eastward -* Elisha continues to talk to Joash, king of Israel. -* **so he opened it** - "So a servant opened it." (UDB) -* **and he shot** - "and Joash shot the arrow." -* **This is Yahweh's arrow of victory, the arrow of victory over Aram** - AT: "This arrow is a sign from Yahweh that he will give you victory over Aram," or "This arrow symbolizes the victory Yahweh will give you over Aram," -* **Aphek** - This was a city in the land of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **But the man of God was angry with him** - "But Elisha was angry with King Joash" -* **annihilated it** - "completely destroyed it," or "until they were completely wiped out!" (UDB) +"open the window that faces east" or "open that window towards the east" + +# so he opened it + +Since this happens after Joash takes the bow and arrows, he may have had a servant open the window. AT: "So a servant opened it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he shot + +"Joash shot the arrow" + +# This is Yahweh's arrow of victory, the arrow of victory over Aram + +The relationship between the arrow and victory can be stated explicitly. AT: "This arrow is a sign from Yahweh that he will give you victory over Aram" or "This arrow symbolizes the victory Yahweh will give you over Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Aphek + +This was a city in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# But the man of God was angry with him + +"But Elisha was angry with King Joash" + +# until you annihilated it + +"until you completely destroyed it" or "until they were completely wiped out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/20.md b/2ki/13/20.md index eb1847c22a..38435fb1d9 100644 --- a/2ki/13/20.md +++ b/2ki/13/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"At that time" -## translationNotes +# at the beginning of the year -* **Now** - "At that time," -* **at the beginning of the year** - "each year during spring." (UDB) -* **As they were burying a certain man** - "As some Israelites were burying a man's body," -* **they saw a group of Moabites** - AT: "they saw a group of Moabite raiders coming toward them and they were afraid," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **As soon as the man touched Elisha's bones** - "As soon as the dead man's body touched the bones of Elisha," -* **he revived and stood up on his feet** - AT: "the dead man came back to life and stood up." +"each year during spring" + +# As they were burying a certain man + +"As some Israelites were burying a man's body" + +# they saw a group of Moabites + +It can be made explicit that they were afraid of the Moabites. AT: "they saw a group of Moabite raiders coming toward them and they were afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Elisha's grave + +"the grave where Elisha was buried" + +# As soon as the man touched Elisha's bones + +Here "the man" refers to his dead body. This can be made explicit. AT: "As soon as the dead man's body touched the bones of Elisha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he revived and stood up on his feet + +"the dead man came back to life and stood up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/22.md b/2ki/13/22.md index 4bb823b4c0..0cb541edcb 100644 --- a/2ki/13/22.md +++ b/2ki/13/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But Yahweh was gracious to Israel, and had compassion on them and concern for them -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It may be helpful to divide this sentence into shorter parts. AT: "But Yahweh was very kind to the Israelite people. He helped them" -## translationNotes +# So Yahweh did not destroy them -* **But Yahweh was gracious to Israel, and had compassion on them and concern for them** - AT: "But Yahweh was very kind to the Israelite people. He helped them" (UBD) -* **So Yahweh did not destroy them** - AT: "This is the reason that Yahweh did not destroy them," +Yahweh's covenant is the reason he did not destroy Israel. This can be made explicit. AT: "This is the reason that Yahweh did not destroy them" or "Because of his covenant, Yahweh did not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has not driven them away from his presence + +Yahweh's rejection is spoken of as if he had physically driven Israel away from where he was. AT: "has not rejected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/24.md b/2ki/13/24.md index 4fa273c0d1..00029e2175 100644 --- a/2ki/13/24.md +++ b/2ki/13/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hazael ... Ben Hadad ... Jehoash ... Jehoahaz -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] +These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# became king in his place -* **Hazael, Ben Hadad, Jehoash, Jehoahaz** - (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jehoash attacked him three times** - "Jehoash and his army attacked Ben Hadad's army three times" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **and he recovered those cities of Israel** - "and Jehoash took back control of the Israelite cities that Ben Hadad had captured." +"became king after him" + +# Jehoash attacked him three times + +Here "Jehoash" and "him" refer to the kings and their armies. AT: "Jehoash's army attacked Ben Hadad's army three times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he recovered those cities of Israel + +"Jehoash took back control of the Israelite cities that Ben Hadad had captured" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/intro.md b/2ki/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aec11b78a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 2 Kings 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the last chapter about Elisha. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Elisha's death ##### +The king of Israel is upset when Elisha is dying. Elisha assures him that he will have three victories over Aram. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The king compares the protection that Elisha had given Israel to "The chariot of Israel and the horsemen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/01.md b/2ki/14/01.md index ad119c7c9b..7dd4f9b36b 100644 --- a/2ki/14/01.md +++ b/2ki/14/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# In the second year of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz, king of Israel -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"When Jehoash son of Jehoahaz had been king of Israel for almost two years" -## translationNotes +# Amaziah son of Joash, king of Judah, began to reign -* **Amaziah, the son of Joash, king of Judah, began to reign** - AT: "Amaziah, the son of Joash, became the king of Judah." -* **He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign** - five years old when he began to reign** - AT: "He was 25 years old when he became king;" -* **he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem** - nine years in Jerusalem** - AT: "he was the king in Jerusalem for 29 years." -* **Jehoaddan** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh, yet not like David his father** - "Amaziah did many things that pleased Yahweh, but he did not do as many things that pleased Yahweh as King David had done." (UDB) -* **​right in the eyes of Yahweh** - "right according to Yahweh," or "right before Yahweh," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **He did everything that Joash** - "He did the same good things that his father Joash had done." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Amaziah son of Joash, became the king of Judah" + +# He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign + +"He was 25 years old when he became king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem + +"he was the king in Jerusalem for 29 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jehoaddan + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh, yet not like David his father + +Here "the eyes of Yahweh" refers to his sight, and his sight refers to his judgment. AT: "Amaziah did many things that pleased Yahweh, but he did not do as many things that pleased Yahweh as King David had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did everything that Joash, his father, had done + +Joash obeyed Yahweh and did good things. This can be made explicit. AT: "He did the same good things that his father Joash had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/04.md b/2ki/14/04.md index 43cfc5406e..ba935fe48e 100644 --- a/2ki/14/04.md +++ b/2ki/14/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] +The story of Amaziah's rule as king of Judah continues. -## translationNotes +# But the high places were not taken away -* Scripture continues to describe the rule of Amaziah, King of Judah. -* **But the high places were not taken away** - AT: "But he did not remove the high places, the shrines of pagan worship that were built upon the hills." -* **As soon as he was completely in control of his kingdom** - AT: "And so, as soon as Amaziah securely established his royal rule and kingly authority," -* **he executed the servants who had murdered his father, the king** - AT: "he put to death the leaders who had murdered his father, the king." +This can be stated in active form. The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. AT: "But he did not remove the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sacrificed and burned incense at the high places + +The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. AT: "sacrificed and burned incense to pagan gods at the high places"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It came about + +This is used to introduce a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# as soon as his rule was well established + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as soon as Amaziah securely established his royal rule and kingly authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he killed the servants + +Amaziah probably ordered other people to kill the officials. AT: "he made his servants execute the officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/06.md b/2ki/14/06.md index d29b1f1a5e..1d7fabac95 100644 --- a/2ki/14/06.md +++ b/2ki/14/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +The narrator tells about what king Amaziah did after his father King Joash was murdered. -## translationNotes +# Yet he did not put the sons of the murderers to death -* Scripture tells about what king Amaziah did after his father King Joash was murdered. -* **Yet he did not put the sons of the assassins to death** - King Amaziah did not order his servants to kill the children of the men who killed his father. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **The fathers must not be put to death for their children, neither must the children be put to death for their parents** - "The people must not kill the fathers for the sins of their children, and they must not kill the children for the sins of their parents." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He killed** - "Amaziah's army killed" or "Amaziah's soldiers killed" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Valley of Salt** - This is the name of a place that is located south of the Dead Sea. -* **he also took Sela in war** - AT: "King Amaziah's army captured the city of Sela" -* **Sela, Joktheel** - They renamed the city of Sela. The new name was Joktheel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +King Amaziah did not order his servants to kill the children of the men who killed his father. If he was going to have them executed though, he would have commanded his servants do it, he would not have done it himself. AT: "But he did not tell his servants to execute those officials' children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The fathers must not be put to death for their children, neither must the children be put to death for their parents + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People must not kill the fathers for the sins of their children, and they must not kill the children for the sins of their parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every person must be put to death for his own sin + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "every person must die for his own sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He killed + +Here "He" refers to his army. AT: "Amaziah's army killed" or "Amaziah's soldiers killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# ten thousand soldiers + +"10,000 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Valley of Salt + +This is the name of a place that is located south of the Dead Sea. + +# he also took Sela in war + +Here the word "he" refers to King amaziah and represents himself and his army. AT: "King Amaziah's army captured the city of Sela" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Sela ... Joktheel + +They renamed the city of Sela. The new name was Joktheel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/08.md b/2ki/14/08.md index aa482f6489..f738293502 100644 --- a/2ki/14/08.md +++ b/2ki/14/08.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu king of Israel, saying, "Come, let us meet each other face to face in battle." -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Here "each other" also included their armies. AT: "Then Amaziah sent messengers to King Jehoash of Israel, saying, 'Come here and let us and our armies fight each other in battle.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# A thistle that was in Lebanon ... trampled down the thistle -* **Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash, the son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, "Come, let us meet each other face to face in battle" ** - "Then Amaziah sent messengers to King Jehoash of Israel, saying, "Come here and let us and our armies fight each other in battle" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **A thistle that was in Lebanon ... trampled down the thistle** - This is a word picture and a riddle. Possible meaning: A cedar tree is great and a thistle is small and worthless. Jehoash compares Amaziah to the thistle and warns him not to attack. If you have a suitable comparison in your own language, you can use it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **thistle** - AT: "a bush with thorns" -* **You have indeed attacked Edom** - This is the warning part of Jehoash's message to Amaziah. AT: "Amaziah, you have definitely defeated Edom," -* **your heart has lifted you up** - "you are very proud of what you have done." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Take pride in your victory** - ​ AT: "Be content with your victory," -* **for why should you cause yourself trouble and fall** - AT: "for you should not cause trouble for yourself and suffer defeat," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is a word picture and a riddle. A cedar tree is great and a thistle is small and worthless. Jehoash compares himself to the cedar and Amaziah to the thistle and warns Amaziah not to attack. If you have a similar comparison in your own language, you can use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thistle + +"a bush with thorns" + +# saying, 'Give your daughter to my son for a wife,' + +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "asking the cedar to give his daughter to the thistle's son for a wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# You have indeed attacked Edom + +This is the warning part of Jehoash's message to Amaziah. "Amaziah, you have definitely defeated Edom" + +# your heart has lifted you up + +This is an idiom that refers to being proud. AT: "you are very proud of what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Take pride in your victory + +"Be content with your victory" + +# for why should you cause yourself trouble and fall + +Jehoash uses this question to warn Amaziah not to attack him. AT: "for you should not cause trouble for yourself and suffer defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/11.md b/2ki/14/11.md index 89550a997d..bbdf3de004 100644 --- a/2ki/14/11.md +++ b/2ki/14/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But Amaziah would not listen -* [[en:tw:bethshemesh]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] +Here "listen" refers to obeying the warning. AT: "However, Amaziah would not obey Jehoash's warning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# So Jehoash king of Israel attacked ... Amaziah king of Judah met each other -* **But Amaziah would not listen** - AT: "However, Amaziah would not obey Jehoash's warning." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **So Jehoash, king of Israel, attacked** - "So Jehoash and his army went to fight Amaziah and his army" -* **Beth Shemesh** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and every man fled home** - "and all the men in the defeated army ran home." +The armies of these kings went to battle with them. AT: "So Jehoash and his army went to fight Amaziah and his army and they met each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Beth Shemesh + +This is a town in Judah near the border of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Judah was defeated by Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Israel defeated Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every man fled home + +"all the men in the army of Judah ran home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/13.md b/2ki/14/13.md index a313e7d1c4..0b5ebba53b 100644 --- a/2ki/14/13.md +++ b/2ki/14/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This is what happened after the army of Israel defeated the army of Judah at Beth Shemesh. -## translationNotes +# He came ... He took -* This is what happened after the army of Israel defeated the army of Judah at Beth Shemesh. -* **He came** - "Jehoash and his army came" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Ephraim Gate, Corner Gate** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **four hundred cubits** - "about 180 meters long" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **cubit** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **He took** - "Jehoash's soldiers took" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **with hostages also, and returned to Samaria** - This implies that Jehoash needed to take these hostages to prevent Amaziah from attacking again. AT: "They also took to Samaria some prisoners to make sure that Amaziah would cause them no more trouble." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +Here "He" refers to Jehoash and his army. AT: "Jehoash and his army came ... Jehoash's soldiers took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Ephraim Gate ... Corner Gate + +There are the names of gates in the wall of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# four hundred cubits + +"about 180 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit was about 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# with hostages also, and returned to Samaria + +This implies that Jehoash needed to take these hostages to prevent Amaziah from attacking again. This can be made explicit. AT: "and they also took to Samaria some prisoners to make sure that Amaziah would cause them no more trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/15.md b/2ki/14/15.md index 7b997bf7b1..1add3c1363 100644 --- a/2ki/14/15.md +++ b/2ki/14/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Then Jehoash slept with his ancestors -* **are they not written** - "they are written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Then Jehoash slept with his ancestors** - AT: "Then Jehoash died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is a polite way to say that he died. AT: "Then Jehoash died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# became king in his place + +"became king after him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/17.md b/2ki/14/17.md index 36b39bceee..44cb26d60a 100644 --- a/2ki/14/17.md +++ b/2ki/14/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# They made a conspiracy against Amaziah in Jerusalem -* **They conspired against Amaziah in Jerusalem** - A conspiracy is a secret plan by a group to do harm to someone or something. AT: "Some people in Jerusalem plotted against Amaziah," -* **Lachish** - This is a city in southwestern Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **but they sent men after him to Lachish** - The men who made the conspiracy sent other men to follow Amaziah to Lachish. +A conspiracy is a secret plan to do harm to someone or something. AT: "Some people in Jerusalem plotted against Amaziah" + +# Lachish + +This is a city in southwestern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# but they sent men after him to Lachish + +The men who made the conspiracy sent other men to follow Amaziah to Lachish. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/20.md b/2ki/14/20.md index cb38a25461..db977bace4 100644 --- a/2ki/14/20.md +++ b/2ki/14/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] +This is what happened after the death of King Amaziah. -## translationNotes +# They brought him back on horses -* This is what happened after the death of King Amaziah. -* **They brought him back on horses** - AT: "They brought Amaziah's body back on horses," -* **All the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah** - AT: "The people of Judah took the 16 year-old Uzziah and made him king after his father, Amaziah." -* **Eloth** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **restored it to Judah** - AT: "returned it to Judah." +"They brought Amaziah's body back on horses" + +# All the people of Judah took Azariah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah + +This is a generalization. Some people may not have wanted him to be king. AT: "The people of Judah took the 16 year-old Azariah and made him king after his father, Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# It was Azariah who rebuilt Elath + +Azariah did not do this alone. AT: "It was Azariah who ordered Elath to be rebuilt" or "It was Azariah who supervised the rebuilding of Elath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Azariah + +This king is better known today by the name "Uzziah." + +# Elath + +a city in Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# restored it to Judah + +"returned it to Judah" + +# slept with his ancestors + +This is a poetic way to say he died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/23.md b/2ki/14/23.md index 73fc9c66a5..742023b3f8 100644 --- a/2ki/14/23.md +++ b/2ki/14/23.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jonah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This describes what King Uzziah did after he became king. -## translationNotes +# In the fifteenth year of Amaziah -* This describes what King Uzziah did after he became king. -* **In the fifteenth year of Amaziah** - "In year 15 of Amaziah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **forty-one years** - one years** - "41 years" -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - “evil according to Yahweh.” or “evil before Yahweh.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Lebo Hamath** - This city was also called Hamath. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the sea of the Arabah** - "the Dead Sea," (UDB) +"In year 15 of Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# forty-one years + +"41 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# evil in the sight of Yahweh + +Here "sight" is a metaphor for judging or considering. AT: "evil according to Yahweh" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not depart from any of the sins of Jeroboam + +To stop sinning is spoken of as leaving a path. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "He did not stop committing the same sins as Jeroboam" or "He continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He restored the border + +This means his army restored the land up to the border. AT: "His soldiers conquered again some of the territory that had previously belonged to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Lebo Hamath + +This city was also called Hamath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Sea of the Arabah + +"the Dead Sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/26.md b/2ki/14/26.md index 5adce4820f..ad5990fd57 100644 --- a/2ki/14/26.md +++ b/2ki/14/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# it was very bitter -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Suffering that was difficult is spoken of as if it had a bitter taste. AT: "it was very difficult" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# there was no rescuer for Israel -* **Yahweh had not said he would blot out the name of Israel from under heaven** - Here "the name of Israel" represents all of Israel and its inhabitants. AT: "not destroy Israel completely," (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam** - "he enabled King Jeroboam to rescue them" (UDB) +"there was no one who could rescue Israel" + +# blot out + +To completely destroy Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh wiped them away with a cloth. AT: "completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the name of Israel + +Here "the name of Israel" represents all of Israel and its inhabitants. AT: "the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# under heaven + +"on earth" + +# he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam son of Jehoash + +Here "hand" is a metonym for power. Also, "Jehoash" is a synecdoche representing Jehoash and his army. AT: "he enabled King Jeroboam and his army to rescue them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/28.md b/2ki/14/28.md index 35595f524f..c7b8132603 100644 --- a/2ki/14/28.md +++ b/2ki/14/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Jeroboam slept with his ancestors, with the kings of Israel -* **are they not written** - "they are written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Jeroboam slept with his ancestors, with the kings of Israel** - "Jeroboam died, and was buried where the other kings of Israel were buried," (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is a polite way to say that he died and was buried. AT: "Jeroboam died, and was buried where the other kings of Israel were buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/intro.md b/2ki/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b93f723d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The text begins to alternate between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah again. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pride ##### +Pride in one's success can make a person attempt and fail at something else. Amaziah defeated Edom so he wanted to fight Israel. But Israel defeated him and thoroughly humiliated him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/01.md b/2ki/15/01.md index cb554a72b8..b95171b054 100644 --- a/2ki/15/01.md +++ b/2ki/15/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam -* [[en:tw:amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It can be stated clearly that this is the twenty-seventh year of his reign. AT: "In year 27 of the reign of Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Azariah -* **In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam** - seventh year of Jeroboam** - "In year 27 of the reign of Jeroboam" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jecoliah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **right in the eyes of Yahweh** - “right according to Yahweh” or “right before Yahweh” or "Yahweh approved of what he did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This king is better known today by the name "Uzziah." + +# Jekoliah + +This is the name of Azariah's mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He did what was right + +"Azariah did what was right" + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what was right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/04.md b/2ki/15/04.md index 234c7f846c..aed4bb0fbf 100644 --- a/2ki/15/04.md +++ b/2ki/15/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the high places were not taken away -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one took away the high places" or "Azariah did not have anyone take the high places away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# were not taken away -* **Jotham, the king's son, was over the household** - Because Uzziah was a leper, he had to live in a separate house, so his son, Jotham, took charge over the king's palace. +Being taken away represents being destroyed. AT: "were not destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the day of his death + +The abstract noun "death" can be expressed with the verb "die." AT: "until the day he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Jotham, the king's son, was over the household + +The word "household" refers to the people living in the king's palace. Because Azariah was a leper, he had to live in a separate house. So his son, Jotham, took charge over the palace. + +# was over the household + +Being over the household represents having authority over those in it. AT: "was in charge of the household" or "had authority over those in Azariah's palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/06.md b/2ki/15/06.md index 2631983ed9..fdbe5a7078 100644 --- a/2ki/15/06.md +++ b/2ki/15/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written ... Judah? -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Azariah is in this other book. This can also be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written ... Judah." or "you can read about them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Azariah slept with his ancestors -* **are they not written ... ?** - "they are written" -* **Uzziah slept with his ancestors. His people buried him with his ancestors** - "Uzziah died. People in his family buried him near the same place where his ancestors had been buried." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Sleeping represents dying. AT: "Azariah died as his ancestors had" or "like his ancestors, Azariah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they buried him with his ancestors + +"his family buried him where his ancestors had been buried" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Azariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/08.md b/2ki/15/08.md index 816e86fabf..06698465d3 100644 --- a/2ki/15/08.md +++ b/2ki/15/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of Judah -* [[en:tw:Samaria]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-eighth year of his reign. AT: "In year 38 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Zechariah son of Jeroboam -* **Uzziah, king of Judah** - Uzziah is the same person as "Azariah." Some other English translations may use that name here. -* **Zechariah the son of Jeroboam became king over Israel in Samaria and he reigned for six months** - AT: "Zechariah the son of Jeroboam was king of Israel for 6 months" -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - “evil according to Yahweh” or “evil before Yahweh” or "Yahweh condemns what he did and declares it to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **who caused Israel to sin** - "Jeroboam did many bad things, and he caused the people of Israel to sin with him." -* **Zechariah son the Jeroboam** - 756 BC; he is also referred to as Joash. -* **Jeroboam the son of Nebat** - 901 BC +This Jeroboam was the second king of Israel that had that name. He was the son of King Jehoash. + +# reigned over Israel in Samaria for six months + +Samaria is the city that Zechariah lived in when he was king of Israel. AT: "lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for six months" + +# He did what was evil + +"Zechariah did what was evil" + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat + +Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. AT: "Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat" or "He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jeroboam son of Nebat + +This Jeroboam was the first king of the ten northern tribes that made up the kingdom of Israel. + +# who had caused Israel to sin + +Here the word "Israel" represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. AT: "who had caused the people of Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/10.md b/2ki/15/10.md index 5bb629c62f..36d49ddc4f 100644 --- a/2ki/15/10.md +++ b/2ki/15/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Shallum ... Jabesh -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Zechariah -* **and killed him** - some very old Greek versions add the place name, "at Ibleam" - some translations place that information in the text -* **Then he became king in his place** - "Then Shallum became king in Zechariah's place." -* **This was the word of Yahweh that he spoke to Jehu, saying, "Your descendants will sit on the throne of Israel to the fourth generation."** - AT: "This is what Yahweh said to Jehu: 'Your descendants will be the kings of Israel for four generations.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"King Zechariah" + +# Ibleam + +This was the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Then he became king in his place + +"Then Shallum became king in Zechariah's place" + +# they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This was the word of Yahweh + +It can be stated clearly that the events described in verse 10 fulfilled the word of Yahweh. AT: "What happened to Zechariah was according to the word of Yahweh" or "What happened to Zechariah fulfilled the word of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Your descendants will sit on the throne of Israel to the fourth generation + +Sitting on the throne represents being the king. AT: "Your descendants will be the kings of Israel for four generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/13.md b/2ki/15/13.md index 626ce71299..9e474b3bcf 100644 --- a/2ki/15/13.md +++ b/2ki/15/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] +It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. AT: "in year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Shallum ... Jabesh -* **Shallum, Jabesh, Menahem, Gadi** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and he reigned only one month in Samaria** - "and Shallum reigned for only one month in Samaria." -* **There he attacked Shallum** - AT: "It was in Tirzah that Menachem attacked Shallum," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +These are the names of two men. See how you translated these names in [2 Kings 15:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Menahem ... Gadi + +These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he reigned only one month in Samaria + +Samaria is the city that he lived in when was king of Israel. AT: "Shallum lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for only one month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Shallum" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/15.md b/2ki/15/15.md index 5b0f5da1b1..0e19ffd17f 100644 --- a/2ki/15/15.md +++ b/2ki/15/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the conspiracy that he formed +The abstract noun "conspiracy" can be translated with the verb "plan." It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. AT: "how he planned to murder King Zechariah" or "and how he murdered King Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel -* **and the conspiracy that he organized** - AT: "he was the one who made the plans and he made certain that the plot was successful," -* **Tiphsah, Tirzah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Tiphsah + +This is the name of a city. Some versions have "Tappuah," which is the name of another city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/17.md b/2ki/15/17.md index 4e005f19cf..c33d310080 100644 --- a/2ki/15/17.md +++ b/2ki/15/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. AT: "In year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* **In the thirty-ninth year** - ninth year** - "In year 39" -* **Uzziah king of Judah** - Uzziah is also known as "Azariah." -* **He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "He did many things that Yahweh said were evil" or "Yahweh saw all he did and Yahweh said that what he had done was evil" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **who had caused Israel to sin.** - "the wicked sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, were the cause of Israel sinning as he did." +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For his whole life + +The abstract noun "life" can be translated with the verb "live." AT: "The whole time that he lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat + +Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. AT: "Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat" or "He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who had caused Israel to sin + +Here the word "Israel" represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. AT: "who had caused the people of Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/19.md b/2ki/15/19.md index 461fa297a2..4c2b894fcb 100644 --- a/2ki/15/19.md +++ b/2ki/15/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Pul the king of Assyria came against the land -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The phrase "Pul the king of Assyria" represents Pul and his army. AT: "Pul the king of Assyria came with his army against the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Pul the king of Assyria -* **Pul the king of Assyria** - "King Tiglath Pileser of Assyria" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **came against the land** - AT: "came with his army to attack the country of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **one thousand** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **talents, shekels** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **to strengthen the kingdom of Israel in his hand** - AT: "to strengthen his rule over the kingdom of Israel" -* **exacted** - "demanded" or "obtained" (UDB) +Pul is the name of a man who was king of Assyria. He was also named Tiglath-Pileser. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# came against the land + +The phrase "came against" is an idiom meaning to attack. "The land" refers to the land of Israel and represents the people who live there. AT: "came with his army to attack the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# one thousand talents of silver + +"1000 talents of silver." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "thirty-three thousand kilograms of silver" or "thirty-three metric tons of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# so that Pul's support might be with him + +The abstract noun "support" can be translated with the verb "support." AT: "so that Pul might support him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to strengthen the kingdom of Israel in his hand + +Having the kingdom in his hand represents ruling the kingdom. AT: "to strengthen his rule over the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# exacted this money from Israel + +"took this money from Israel" + +# fifty shekels of silver + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "six hundred grams of silver" or "three-fifths of a kilogram of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# did not stay there in the land + +"did not stay there in Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/21.md b/2ki/15/21.md index a805d416b2..68d377ee85 100644 --- a/2ki/15/21.md +++ b/2ki/15/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written ... Israel? -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Menahem is in this other book. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Menahem slept with his ancestors -* **are they not written** - "they are written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **slept with his ancestors** - "died and the people buried him, (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Pekahiah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Sleeping represents dying. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 10:35](../10/34.md). AT: "Menahem died as his ancestors had" or "like his ancestors, Menahem died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Pekahiah + +This a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Menahem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/23.md b/2ki/15/23.md index adca24ec8a..b8fed333ba 100644 --- a/2ki/15/23.md +++ b/2ki/15/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] +It can be stated clearly that this is the fiftieth year of his reign. AT: "In year 50 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Pekahiah -* **In the fiftieth year** - "In year 50" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Azariah** - Azariah was also known as "Uzziah." -* **what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - “evil according to Yahweh” or "Yahweh saw what he had done and he declared that it was evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not leave behind the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat + +Leaving behind sins represents refusing to do those sins. AT: "Pekahiah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat" or "He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he had caused Israel to sin + +Here the word "Israel" represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/25.md b/2ki/15/25.md index 2554e582b6..f3a47a0d53 100644 --- a/2ki/15/25.md +++ b/2ki/15/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Pekah ... Remaliah -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# conspired against him -* **Pekah, Remaliah, Argob, and Arieh** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) Some versions regard Argob and Arieh as men who were killed along with the king. -* **conspired** - To conspire is to make a secret plan to do harm to someone or something, in this case, King Pekahiah. -* **fifty men** - "50 men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **citadel of the king's palace** - "fortified place in the king's palace" (UDB) +"secretly planned to kill Pekahiah" + +# fifty men + +"50 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Argob ... Arieh + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the citadel of the king's palace + +"the fortified part of the king's palace" or "the safe place in the king's palace" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Pekahiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/27.md b/2ki/15/27.md index e861da1187..6f51df5e7b 100644 --- a/2ki/15/27.md +++ b/2ki/15/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# In the fifty-second year of Azariah king of Judah -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It can be stated clearly that this is the fifty-second year of his reign. AT: "In year 52 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* **In the fifty-second year** - second year** - "In year 52" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - “evil according to Yahweh” or “evil before Yahweh” or "Yahweh sees what he did and he declares what he did to be sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat + +Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. AT: "Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat" or "He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/29.md b/2ki/15/29.md index 35bac80637..108ce6a691 100644 --- a/2ki/15/29.md +++ b/2ki/15/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# In the days of Pekah king of Israel -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:hoshea]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] +It can be stated clearly that this refers to the time of Pekah's reign. AT: "In the days of the reign of Pekah king of Israel" or "During the time that Pekah was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Tiglath-Pileser -* **Ijon, Abelbethmaacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, Gilead, Galilee, Naphtali** - These are the names of cities or regions (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He carried away the people to Assyria** - Here "He" refers to Tiglath Pileser, king of Assyria. His army forced the Israelite people to leave their country and go to live in Assyria. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **a conspiracy** - A conspiracy is a secret plan by a group to do harm to someone or something. -* **He attacked him and killed him** - Hoshea attacked Pekah and killed him. -* **in the twentieth year of Jotham** - "in year 20 of Jotham" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +In [2 Kings 15:19](./19.md) this man was called "Pul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ijon ... Abel Beth Maacah ... Janoah ... Kedesh ... Hazor ... Gilead ... Galilee ... Naphtali + +These are the names of cities or regions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He carried away the people to Assyria + +Here "He" refers to Tiglath-Pileser and represents him and his army. Carrying the people to Assyria represents forcing them to go to Assyria. AT: "He and his army forced the people to go to Assyria (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the people + +It can be stated clearly which people these are. AT: "the people of those places" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Hoshea ... Elah + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a conspiracy + +A conspiracy is a secret plan by a group to do harm to someone or something. + +# He attacked him and killed him + +"Hoshea attacked Pekah and killed him" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Pekah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the twentieth year of Jotham son of Uzziah + +It can be stated clearly that this is the twentieth year of his reign. AT: "In year 20 of the reign of Jotham son of Uzziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/32.md b/2ki/15/32.md index f722f89105..d123968d07 100644 --- a/2ki/15/32.md +++ b/2ki/15/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In the second year of Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +It can be stated clearly that this is the second year of his reign. AT: "In year 2 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Jotham son of Azariah, king of Judah began to reign -* **began the reign of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah** - AT: "Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, became king over the Kingdom of Judah." -* **He was twenty-five years old ... sixteen years** - five years old ... sixteen years** - "He was 25 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"Jotham son of Azariah, king of Judah became king of Judah" + +# He was twenty-five years old ... sixteen years + +"He was 25 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jerushah + +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/34.md b/2ki/15/34.md index 68caecc2c5..4acd3a4373 100644 --- a/2ki/15/34.md +++ b/2ki/15/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what was right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the high places were not taken away -* **in the eyes of Yahweh** - “according to Yahweh.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the shrines were not taken away** - AT: "he did not take away the shrines." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **are they not written** - "they are written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one took away the high places" or "Jotham did not have anyone take the high places away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# were not taken away + +Being taken away represents being destroyed. AT: "were not destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jotham built the upper gate + +"Jotham built" represents Jotham making his workers build it. AT: "Jotham had his workers build the upper gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are they not written ... Judah? + +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Jotham is in this other book. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/37.md b/2ki/15/37.md index a03cfe899d..2aa252f13e 100644 --- a/2ki/15/37.md +++ b/2ki/15/37.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# In those days -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +This refers to a time period. What time period this refers to can be stated clearly. AT: "During that time" or "While Jotham was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Rezin -* **Jotham slept with his ancestors** - "Jotham died" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pekah ... Remaliah + +These are men's names. Pekah was the king of Israel. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:37](./37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jotham slept with his ancestors + +Sleeping represents dying. AT: "Jotham died as his ancestors had" or "Like his ancestors, Jotham died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Jotham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/intro.md b/2ki/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a8c8f98217 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Kings 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's evil ##### +Israel assassinated one king after another. The Assyrians began attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/01.md b/2ki/16/01.md index f392e185b0..abb983c60a 100644 --- a/2ki/16/01.md +++ b/2ki/16/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In the seventeenth year of Pekah son of Remaliah -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It can be stated clearly that this is the seventeenth year of his reign. AT: "In year 17 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Pekah ... Remaliah -* **In the seventeenth year of Pekah** - "In year 17 of Pekah," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **in the eyes of Yahweh** - "according to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These are men's names. Pekah was the king of Israel. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:25](../15/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh his God + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what was right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh his God considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as David his ancestor had done + +David had done what is right. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/03.md b/2ki/16/03.md index ea33ea0f36..0e006e73f0 100644 --- a/2ki/16/03.md +++ b/2ki/16/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# he walked in the way of the kings of Israel -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Walking represents behavior and actions. AT: "King Ahaz acted the same way that the kings of Israel had acted" or "he did the things that the kings of Israel had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# following the detestable practices of the nations -* **he walked in the way of the kings of Israel** - AT: "King Ahaz acted the same way that the kings of Israel had acted," -* **passed his son through the fire** - AT "offered his son as a sacrifice by burning him in fire" -* **detestable practices** - AT: "disgusting things" (UDB) or "horrible and cruel sins" -* **under every green tree** - AT: "trees with spreading branches" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Here "following" represents doing what others do. AT: "copying the disgusting things that the other nations did, the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the nations + +The word "nations" represents the people of other nations. Here it refers to the people of the nations who had lived in that land. AT: "the people of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# which Yahweh had driven out + +"Drive out" means "force out." AT: "which Yahweh had forced to leave" + +# before the people of Israel + +The people of those nations fled as the people of Israel moved into the land. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "before the people of Israel who moved into the land" or "as the people of Israel moved into the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the high places, on the hilltops, and under every green tree + +These are places where the people of the other nations worshiped their false gods. + +# under every green tree + +God wanted his people to offer sacrifices to him in Jerusalem. The word "every" here is an exaggeration to show how determined King Ahaz was to disobey God by offering sacrifices in many other places instead. AT: "under many green trees" or "under many green trees around the country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/05.md b/2ki/16/05.md index 6db4fed74e..6c7b2c1274 100644 --- a/2ki/16/05.md +++ b/2ki/16/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Rezin ... Pekah ... Remaliah -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +These are men's names. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:37](../15/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# besieged Ahaz -* **besieged Ahaz** - "surrounded the city," (UDB) or AT: "surrounded the city where Ahaz was," or AT: "surrounded the city of Jerusalem," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Ahaz was in Jerusalem. Here "Ahaz" represents himself and the people who were in Jerusalem with him. AT: "surrounded the city with Ahaz in it" or "surrounded Ahaz and the others in the city with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# recovered Elath for Aram + +Here "Aram" represents the people who live there. AT: "took back control of the city of Elath for the people of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Elath + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [2 Kings 14:22](../14/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# drove the men of Judah out of Elath + +"forced the men of Judah to leave Elath" + +# to this day + +This means to the time of the writing of this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/07.md b/2ki/16/07.md index bcaee1df56..297835a152 100644 --- a/2ki/16/07.md +++ b/2ki/16/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Tiglath-Pileser -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +In [2 Kings 15:19](../15/19.md) this man was called "Pul." See how you translated his name in [2 Kings 15:29](../15/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# I am your servant and your son -* **I am your servant and your son** - AT: "I will obey you as if I were your servant or your son." -* **from the hand of the king of Aram and from the hand of the king of Israel** - AT: "from the armies of Aram and Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Kir** - AT: "the capital city of Assyria." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Being a servant and a son represents submitting to someone's authority. AT: "I will obey you as if I were your servant or your son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the hand of the king of Aram and from the hand of the king of Israel + +The hand is a metonym that represents power. AT: "from the power of the king of Aram and from the power of the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who have attacked me + +The kings attacking Ahaz represent the armies of those kings attacking Ahaz and his people. AT: "who have attacked me with their armies" or "whose armies have attacked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the king of Assyria went up against Damascus + +The word "king" represents the king and his army. Also, Damascus represents the people who live there. AT: "the king of Assyria and his army attacked the people of Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# carried off its people as prisoners to Kir + +Carrying off the people represents forcing them to go away. AT: "made the people his prisoners and forced them to go to Kir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Kir + +Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of a city or 2) this word means "city" and refers to the capital city of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/10.md b/2ki/16/10.md index 1dfd4eec52..312232360e 100644 --- a/2ki/16/10.md +++ b/2ki/16/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the design for all the workmanship needed -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:uriah]] - -## translationNotes - -* **and the design for it to be built.** - AT: "all the instructions needed by skilled workers to build it" or AT: "all the skills needed to make the altar" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "all the instructions that the workers needed in order to build it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/13.md b/2ki/16/13.md index ab70a7cf34..9e1dc3381a 100644 --- a/2ki/16/13.md +++ b/2ki/16/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is what King Ahaz did after he returned from Damascus and visited the new altar which Uriah the priest had built for him. -## translationNotes +# He made his burnt offering -* This is what King Ahaz did after he returned from Damascus and visited the new altar he had ordered to be built. -* **He made his** - "King Ahaz made his" -* **the bronze altar** - This was the altar that the people of Israel had made according to God's instructions. +"King Ahaz made his burnt offering" + +# on the altar + +This refers to the altar that King Ahaz told Uriah to build. + +# The bronze altar that was before Yahweh + +This was the altar that the people of Israel had made long ago according to God's instructions. + +# The bronze altar that was before Yahweh + +The phrase "before Yahweh" is a metonym that refers to the place where Yahweh had shown his glory in the past. AT: "The bronze altar that was in front of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the front of the temple ... from between his altar and the temple of Yahweh + +Both of these phrases tell where the bronze altar was. They refer to the same place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/15.md b/2ki/16/15.md index 59e574da1d..8e6d82aad9 100644 --- a/2ki/16/15.md +++ b/2ki/16/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the large altar -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +This refers to the new altar that Ahaz told Uriah to build. -## translationNotes +# the king's burnt offering and his grain offering +When Ahaz said "the king" and "his," he was referring to himself. The king treated his offerings as special. AT: "my burnt offering and my grain offering" or "the royal burnt offering and royal grain offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/17.md b/2ki/16/17.md index 3815cac667..79cdeac7dd 100644 --- a/2ki/16/17.md +++ b/2ki/16/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the portable stands -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"the movable stands" or "the carts." These stands had wheels on them so they could be moved around. -## translationNotes +# he also took down the sea -* **he also took down the sea** - The "sea" was a huge basin or water bowl that was made of bronze. AT: "he also removed the large bowl" -* **because of the king of Assyria** - "to please the king of Assyria." +"he also removed the large bowl." The "sea" was a huge basin or water bowl that was made of bronze. + +# because of the king of Assyria + +Why they did this can be stated explicitly. AT: "to please the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/19.md b/2ki/16/19.md index eaeeb429d2..14c26c1b2c 100644 --- a/2ki/16/19.md +++ b/2ki/16/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written ... Judah? -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Ahaz is in this other book. This can also be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah." or "someone has written about them in The Book ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Ahaz slept with his ancestors -* **are they not written** - AT: "they are written (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Ahaz slept with his ancestors** - AT: "Ahaz died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Sleeping represents dying. AT: "Ahaz died as his ancestors had" or "like his ancestors, Ahaz died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried with his ancestors + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/intro.md b/2ki/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ce6f061ca0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Kings 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ahaz ##### +Ahaz was a wicked king. Israel and Aram united to fight against him, so he paid the Assyrian king to attack Aram. Assyria defeated the people of Aram and took them into captivity. The people were to trust in Yahweh and not rely on military alliances with other Gentile nations. This showed a lack of trust in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/01.md b/2ki/17/01.md index b52d39d18a..9e6f1b2d55 100644 --- a/2ki/17/01.md +++ b/2ki/17/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Hoshea son of Elah -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hoshea]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Hoshea became the king of the northern kingdom of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Elah -* **Hoshea the son of Elah** - Hoshea became the king of the northern kingdom of Israel. -* **He ruled in Samaria** - Samaria was the capital of Israel. -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - He did not obey Yahweh's laws as given to Moses. AT: "evil to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Hoshea became his servant and brought him tribute** - Hoshea did as the King of Assyria commanded and brought money to him so that the King would not destroy Israel. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He ruled in Samaria + +Samaria was the capital city of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# evil in the sight of Yahweh + +He did not obey Yahweh's laws as given to Moses. "In the sight of" is metaphor for judgment or opinion. AT: "evil to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Shalmaneser + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hoshea became his servant and brought him tribute + +Hoshea did as the King of Assyria commanded and brought money to him so that the King would not destroy Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/04.md b/2ki/17/04.md index c240987daf..d0484d8679 100644 --- a/2ki/17/04.md +++ b/2ki/17/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# So -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# year by year -* **So...Halah...Habor...Gozan...Medes** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **year by year** - "every year" (UDB) -* **shut him up and bound him in prison** - "put Hoshea in prison" (UDB) -* **besieged it** - put troops around the city in order to force it to surrender -* **carried Israel away to Assyria** - "took the Israelite people to Assyria" (UDB) +"every year" + +# shut him up and bound him in prison + +"put Hoshea in prison" + +# besieged it + +put troops around the city in order to force it to surrender + +# carried Israel away to Assyria + +The name "Israel" is metonymy for the people living there. AT: "took the Israelite people to Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Halah ... Habor River ... Gozan + +These are the names of locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Medes + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/07.md b/2ki/17/07.md index 8c63e97f35..d7e95bfab2 100644 --- a/2ki/17/07.md +++ b/2ki/17/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The narrative pauses to summarize Yahweh's judgment on Israel. -## translationNotes +# This captivity -* The narrative pauses to summarize Yahweh's judgement on Israel. -* **This captivity** - This refers to the capture of the Israelites by the Assyrians. -* **the power of** - "the control of" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to the capture of the Israelites by the Assyrians. + +# the hand of + +"Hand" is metonymy for control, authority or power. AT: "the control of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walking in the practices + +"Walking" is metaphor for the ways or patterns of behavior people use in their lives. AT: "doing the activities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/09.md b/2ki/17/09.md index c21d5baed3..5641e5d5b5 100644 --- a/2ki/17/09.md +++ b/2ki/17/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgment on Israel. -## translationNotes +# on every high hill and under every green tree -* The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgement on Israel. -* **not right against Yahweh** - "not right before Yahweh" -* **the tower of the watchman** - the smallest kind of town -* **fortified city** - a large city, well protected from enemies +These are exaggerations to show that worship of false gods was widespread. AT: "on high hills and under green trees everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/11.md b/2ki/17/11.md index be77198005..fced8911ad 100644 --- a/2ki/17/11.md +++ b/2ki/17/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgment on Israel. -## translationNotes +# performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger -* The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgement on Israel. -* **performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger** - "did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry" (UDB) or AT: "did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry" -* **about which Yahweh had said to them** - AT: "about which Yahweh had warned them" +Possible ways to render this: 1) "did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry" or 2) "did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry" + +# about which Yahweh had said to them + +"about which Yahweh had warned them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/13.md b/2ki/17/13.md index 2c1cbd6d61..84e672effd 100644 --- a/2ki/17/13.md +++ b/2ki/17/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgment on Israel. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh had testified ... by every prophet -* The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgement on Israel. -* **Yahweh had testified...by every prophet** - Yahweh spoke through the prophets. -* **turn from your evil ways** - AT: "stop doing the evil things you have been doing" -* ** I sent to you by my servants the prophets** - The prophets were sent by Yahweh to remind the people of God's Laws and to obey them. +Yahweh spoke through the prophets. + +# Turn from your evil ways + +"Stop doing the evil things you have been doing" + +# I sent to you by my servants the prophets + +The prophets were sent by Yahweh to remind the people of God's Laws and to obey them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/14.md b/2ki/17/14.md index 15358f67a7..80b73feffb 100644 --- a/2ki/17/14.md +++ b/2ki/17/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pagan]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The summary of Yahweh's judgment on Israel continues. -## translationNotes +# they were very stubborn -* The summary of Yahweh's judgement on Israel continues. -* **They were very stubborn** - Unwilling to to follow God's laws and rely in Yahweh as their God. -* **rejected his statute** - They refused to obey God's Laws. -* **They followed useless practices** - They followed the religious practices of the people around them. -* **futile** - "worthless" (UDB) or "useless" or AT: "without any value" -* **not to imitate** - "not to copy" +They were unwilling to follow God's laws and rely on Yahweh as their God. + +# rejected his statutes + +They refused to obey God's Laws. + +# They followed useless practices + +They followed the practices of the people around them. + +# not to imitate + +"not to copy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/16.md b/2ki/17/16.md index cc46f78f82..1cd2bcea0a 100644 --- a/2ki/17/16.md +++ b/2ki/17/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The summary of Yahweh's judgment on Israel continues. -## translationNotes +# cast metal figures -* The summary of Yahweh's judgement on Israel continues. -* **cast metal figures** - Cast metal figures are objects made by pouring melted metal into a form (or mold) to make a shape. -* **enchantments** - "sorcery" (UDB) -* **sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "chose to do things that Yahweh said was evil" -* **removed them out of his sight** - "removed them from his presence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Cast metal figures are objects made by pouring melted metal into a form (or mold) to make a shape. + +# enchantments + +"sorcery" + +# sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +To "sell themselves" is a metaphor for committing completely to do that which was evil. AT: "committed themselves to do things that Yahweh said were evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# removed them out of his sight + +"Sight" is metonymy for being within the attention of Yahweh so he no longer cared for them. AT: "removed them from his attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/19.md b/2ki/17/19.md index fdd4792852..a2f47b564d 100644 --- a/2ki/17/19.md +++ b/2ki/17/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:pagan]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The summary of Yahweh's judgment on Israel includes how Judah also fell into idolatry. -## translationNotes +# Judah -* The summary of Yahweh's judgement on Israel includes leading Judah into Idolatry. -* **Judah** - "the people of Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he afflicted them** - "Yahweh punished the Israelites" -* **gave them into the hand of those who would take the possession as spoil** - AT: "handed them over to those who robbed them of their property" -* **until he had cast them out from his sight** - AT: "He got rid of them all" (UDB) or "until they were no longer in his presence" +The location "Judah" is metonymy for the people that live there. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he afflicted them + +"Yahweh punished the Israelites" + +# gave them into the hand of those who would take the possession as spoil + +"Hand" is metonymy for control, power or authority. AT: "handed them over to those who robbed them of their property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until he had cast them out of his sight + +"his sight" is metaphor for attention and caring. AT: "until he got rid of them all" or "until they were no longer in his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/21.md b/2ki/17/21.md index 7cf3fdf60c..ba63cd34c7 100644 --- a/2ki/17/21.md +++ b/2ki/17/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The reason for Yahweh's judgment on Israel continues by relating the history behind it. -## translationNotes +# He tore Israel -* The summary of Yahweh's judgement on Israel continues. -* **He tore Israel** - AT: "Yahweh removed the people of Israel" -* **from the royal line of David** - "from the rule of David's descendants" (UDB) -* **drove Israel away from following Yahweh** - AT: "turned the people of Israel away from following Yahweh" -* **They did not leave them behind** - AT: "The Israelites did not stop committing these sins" or "They did not turn away from those sins" (UDB) -* **so Yahweh removed Israel from his sight** - AT: "So Yahweh removed the people of Israel from his presence" +"He tore" is a metaphor for violent removal. AT: "Yahweh removed the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the royal line of David + +"from the rule of David's descendants" + +# drove Israel away from following Yahweh + +"turned the people of Israel away from following Yahweh" + +# they did not depart from them + +"the Israelites did not stop committing these sins" or "they did not turn away from those sins" + +# so Yahweh removed Israel from his sight + +"Sight" is a metaphor for attention and care. AT: "so Yahweh removed the people of Israel from his attention and care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/24.md b/2ki/17/24.md index 279df28c14..b6e320e112 100644 --- a/2ki/17/24.md +++ b/2ki/17/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +Yahweh's judgment continues against the new Assyrian inhabitants who practice their pagan religions. -## translationNotes +# Kuthah ... Avva ... Hamath ... Sepharvaim -* Yahweh's judgement continues against the new Assyrian inhabitants who practice their pagan religions. -* **Cuthah...Avva...Hamath...Sepharvaim** - Places in the Assyrian empire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **It happened at the beginning of their residence there** - AT: "When those people first lived there" -* **that they did not honor Yahweh** - The new people did not worship or seek to honor Yahweh. -* **The nations that you have carried away and placed in the cities of Samaria** - AT: "The people you have moved from other lands and sent to live in the cities of Samaria" -* **do not know the practices required by the god of the land** - "do not know how to worship the God that the Israelites worshipped in this land" (UDB) +These are places in the Assyrian empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It happened at the beginning of their residence there that + +"When those people first lived there" + +# The nations that you have carried away and placed in the cities of Samaria + +"The people you have moved from other lands and sent to live in the cities of Samaria" + +# do not know the practices required by the god of the land + +"do not know how to worship the God that the Israelites worshiped in this land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/27.md b/2ki/17/27.md index f5693b285b..0e82ec55c1 100644 --- a/2ki/17/27.md +++ b/2ki/17/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Take one of the priests there whom you brought from there -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +"Take a priest who came from Samaria back there" -## translationNotes +# let him teach them -* **Take one of the priests there whom you brought from there** - AT: "Take a priest who came from Samaria back there," -* **and let him teach them** - AT: "and let the Samaritan priest teach the people who are living there now" +"let the Samaritan priest teach the people who are living there now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/29.md b/2ki/17/29.md index 6eddc9cdcc..3cde6b6181 100644 --- a/2ki/17/29.md +++ b/2ki/17/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Succoth Benoth ... Nergal ... Ashima ... Nibhaz ... Tartak ... Adrammelek ... Anammelek -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] +These are the names of gods, both male and female. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Kuthah ... Hamath -* **Succothbenoth, Cuth, Nergal, Ashima, Avvites, Nibhaz, Tartak, Sepharvites, Adrammelech, Anammelech** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **burned their children in the fire** - "sacrificed their own children" (UDB) or AT: "burned their children in fire as an offering" +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Avvites ... Sepharvites + +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# burned their children in the fire + +"sacrificed their own children" or "burned their children in fire as an offering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/32.md b/2ki/17/32.md index c7404ab1a0..bba62e109c 100644 --- a/2ki/17/32.md +++ b/2ki/17/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **They** - This refers to the pagan people that the king of Assyria moved into the cities of Samaria. +This refers to the pagan people that the king of Assyria moved into the cities of Samaria. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/34.md b/2ki/17/34.md index 5f794819db..d45af8029a 100644 --- a/2ki/17/34.md +++ b/2ki/17/34.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# they persist in their old customs -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"they continue in the same habits as before" -## translationNotes +# They neither honor Yahweh -* **they persist in their old customs** - "they continue in the same habits as before." -* **They neither honor Yahweh...** - The people were only interested in appeasing Yahweh They were either not interested or not aware Yahweh was interested in a relationship with them. +The people were only interested in appeasing Yahweh. They were either not interested or not aware Yahweh was interested in a relationship with them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/36.md b/2ki/17/36.md index 3d257854b1..06028ccfeb 100644 --- a/2ki/17/36.md +++ b/2ki/17/36.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:prostrate]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] +The summary comes toward the end with an appeal to worship only Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# with great power and a raised arm -* Yahweh is the one true God. Worship and obey him and no other god. -* **great power and a raised arm** - "very great power" (UDB) or AT: "with mighty power and a strong arm," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **raised arm** - The raised arm represents power and strength. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **keep them** - "obey them" +The phrase "raised arm" is metonymy for displaying power and means basically the same thing as "great power." AT: "with very great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# keep them + +"obey them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/39.md b/2ki/17/39.md index 4a7a2172b4..79302eb2da 100644 --- a/2ki/17/39.md +++ b/2ki/17/39.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The summary now ends with an appeal to worship only Yahweh and a description of the sins of the people. -## translationNotes +# They would not listen -* **might of your enemies** - "from your enemies" or "from the power of all your enemies" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **did not listen** - "did not obey" -* **these nations feared Yahweh** - These nations feared Yahweh only to the point of appeasing him the same way they treat their own gods. +"Listen" is a metaphor for paying attention and acting on the command. AT: "They did not obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# these nations feared Yahweh + +These nations feared Yahweh only to the point of appeasing him the same way they treated their own gods. + +# up to this day + +"and have continued ever since." The phrase "this day" refers to the time period in which the writer lived. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/intro.md b/2ki/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..908ef08f85 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Kings 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter ends the story about the kingdom of Israel and continues with Judah alone. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Idol worship ##### + +Israel continued to worship idols, so God punished them by allowing Assyria to conquer them and take them away. Assyria brought people from other lands and settled them in what used to be Israel's territory and the new people worshiped their own gods in addition to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/01.md b/2ki/18/01.md index 774e8f2438..4af1653217 100644 --- a/2ki/18/01.md +++ b/2ki/18/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:hoshea]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Hezekiah becomes king over Judah in place of his father King Ahaz. -## translationNotes +# Hoshea ... Elah ... Zechariah -* Hezekiah becomes king over Judah in place of his father King Ahaz. -* **He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh** - AT: "King Hezekiah did what was right to Yahweh," or "Hezekiah did things that Yahweh said are right," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abijah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +"In the eyes" is a metaphor for Yahweh's attention and care. AT: "King Hezekiah did what was right to Yahweh" or "Hezekiah did things that Yahweh said are right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/04.md b/2ki/18/04.md index 3d78880034..db44baaa70 100644 --- a/2ki/18/04.md +++ b/2ki/18/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The story of King Hezekiah's reign continues. -## translationNotes +# He removed the high places, destroyed the stone pillars, and cut down the Asherah poles -* The story of King Hezekiah's reign continues. -* **He removed the shrines, destroyed the sacred stone pillars, and cut down the Asherah poles** - AT: "Hezekiah removed the high places of worship, smashed into pieces the memorial stones, and cut down the wooden poles of Asherah."​ -* **Nehushtan** - "Bronze Serpent Idol" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Hezekiah removed the high places of worship, smashed into pieces the memorial stones, and cut down the wooden poles of Asherah" + +# Nehushtan + +"Bronze Serpent Idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/06.md b/2ki/18/06.md index 5bfac25504..c33ff480df 100644 --- a/2ki/18/06.md +++ b/2ki/18/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +The story of King Hezekiah's reign continues. -## translationNotes +# he held on to Yahweh -* The story of King Hezekiah's reign continues. -* **he held on to Yahweh** - AT: "Hezekiah stayed loyal to Yahweh." or "Hezekiah remained faithful to Yahweh." -* **and wherever he went he prospered** - AT: "and wherever Hezekiah went he was successful." -* **fortified city** - city with a wall all around it +To "hold on" is metaphor for staying loyal and attached. AT: "Hezekiah stayed loyal to Yahweh" or "Hezekiah remained faithful to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wherever he went he prospered + +"wherever Hezekiah went he was successful" + +# fortified city + +city with a wall all around it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/09.md b/2ki/18/09.md index ede0509e94..9ff249fd89 100644 --- a/2ki/18/09.md +++ b/2ki/18/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Hoshea ... Elah ... Shalmaneser -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:hoshea]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Shalmaneser** - man's name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/11.md b/2ki/18/11.md index ca9be9bca6..f3c0a03729 100644 --- a/2ki/18/11.md +++ b/2ki/18/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Halah ... Habor River ... Gozan -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Medes -* **Halah ... Gozan** - place names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **So the king of Assyria carried Israel captive away to Assyria** - AT: "So the king of Assyria commanded his army to take the Israelites away from their homes, and he made them live in Assyria" +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# So the king of Assyria carried Israel away to Assyria + +"So the king of Assyria commanded his army to take the Israelites away from their homes, and he made them live in Assyria" + +# the voice of Yahweh + +"Voice" is metonymy for the message about the command of Yahweh. AT: "the command of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/13.md b/2ki/18/13.md index 3b21b1f62f..9820900391 100644 --- a/2ki/18/13.md +++ b/2ki/18/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Sennacherib -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sennacherib]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Lachish -* **Sennacherib** - man's name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Lachish** - place name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **fortified cities** - See how you translated "fortified city" in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:18:06]]. -* **Withdraw from me** - AT: "Take your army out of my cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Whatever you put on me I will bear** - AT: "I will pay you whatever you demand of me" -* **talents** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **treasuries** - This was the place in the palace where money and valuable things were stored. +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fortified cities + +Cities with walls around them for protection. See how you translated "fortified city" in [2 Kings 18:8](./06.md). + +# Withdraw from me + +This expression assumes that "me" represents the kingdom of Hezekiah. AT: "Take your army out of my territory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Whatever you put on me I will bear + +"I will pay you whatever you demand of me" + +# talents + +This is the name of type of weight that was used for money. One talent weighted about 33 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# treasuries + +This was the place in the palace where money and valuable things were stored. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/16.md b/2ki/18/16.md index 49ad855747..81ea85c239 100644 --- a/2ki/18/16.md +++ b/2ki/18/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the king of Assyria mobilized his great army, sending Tartan and Rabsaris and the chief commander -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:eliakim]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Sennacherib sent a group of men from his army to Jerusalem to meet with King Hezekiah, including officials named Tartan and Rabsaris. -## translationNotes +# Tartan ... Rabsaris -* **The king of Assyria mobilized his great army, sending Tartan and Rabsaris and Rabshakeh** - Sennacherib sent a group of men from his army to Jerusalem to meet with King Hezekiah, including officials named Tartan, Rabsaris and Rabshakeh. -* **Tartan ... Rabsaris ... Rabshakeh ... Eliakim ... Hilkiah ... Shebna ... Joah ... Asaph** - men's names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Tartan ... Rabsaris ... Rabshakeh** - Some understand these to be titles: "the tartan ... the rabsaris ... the rabshakeh" or "the leader of the soldiers .., another important official ... the man who tasted the king's wine" (see UDB). -* **Lachish** - place name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the conduit of the upper pool** - the place where the water stored in the "upper pool" flows into the city of Jerusalem -* **stood by it** - AT: "and waited there for King Hezekiah to meet with them" +Some Bibles translate these as proper names. Other versions of the Bible translate them as titles. AT: "the Tartan ... the Rabsaris" or "the leader of the soldier ... a court official" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Lachish + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the conduit of the upper pool + +the channel where the water stored in the "upper pool" flows into the city of Jerusalem + +# stood by it + +"and waited there for King Hezekiah to meet with them" + +# Eliakim ... Hilkiah ... Shebna ... Joah ... Asaph + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/19.md b/2ki/18/19.md index 313d65895a..19895b7eb3 100644 --- a/2ki/18/19.md +++ b/2ki/18/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -## translationNotes +# What is the source of your confidence? ... Now in whom are you trusting? Who has given you courage to rebel against me? -* Rabshakeh (see note on [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:18:16]]) continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -* **Now in whom are you trusting? Who has given you courage to rebel against me?** - The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) does not ask these questions looking for an answer, but wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypt's support. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **walking stick of this bruised reed of Egypt** - The King of Assyria compares Egypt to a weak walking stick; you expect that it will support you when you lean on it, but instead it breaks and cuts you. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) does not ask these questions looking for an answer, but wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypt's support. AT: "Do not trust in anybody. You were foolish to rebel against me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# walking stick of this bruised reed of Egypt + +The King of Assyria compares Egypt to a weak walking stick; you expect that it will support you when you lean on it, but instead it breaks and cuts you. AT: "the weak support from Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but if a man leans ... and pierce it + +The speaker is extending the metaphor by describing what happens when a reed is used as a support. AT: "but if someone uses this for support, he will be injured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/22.md b/2ki/18/22.md index df9e2af4bf..d65642b92f 100644 --- a/2ki/18/22.md +++ b/2ki/18/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -## translationNotes +# is not he the one whose high places ... Jerusalem'? -* Rabshakeh (see note on [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:18:16]]) continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -* **Is not he the one whose shrines ... Jerusalem'?** - AT: "You need to remember that he is the one whose shrines ... Jerusalem'!" +This question assumes the listeners know the answer and is used for emphasis. AT: "You need to remember that he is the one whose high places ... Jerusalem'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/24.md b/2ki/18/24.md index d9f3a33064..7586854edc 100644 --- a/2ki/18/24.md +++ b/2ki/18/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -## translationNotes +# How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master's servants? -* Rabshakeh (see note on [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:18:16]]) continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -* **How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master's servants?** - Possible meanings are 1) "You could not defeat even one of the least of the king's soldiers" or 2) "You could not defeat a group of the king's soldiers commanded by his least important officer." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it? - ** - ** AT: "Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah's army. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "You could not defeat even one of the least of the king's soldiers." or 2) "You could not defeat a group of the king's soldiers commanded by his least important officer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it? + +He asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is behind his success to obey the command to destroy Israel. AT: "Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/26.md b/2ki/18/26.md index 6fb48aec8d..e5cd1cad58 100644 --- a/2ki/18/26.md +++ b/2ki/18/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliakim ... Hilkiah ... Shebnah ... Joah -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:eliakim]] +Translate the names of these men as in [2 Kings 18:18](./16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# in the ears of the people who are on the wall -* **Hilkiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:18:16]]. -* **in the ears of the people who are on the wall** - AT: "because the people standing on the city wall will hear it and be afraid" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words? Has he not sent me to the men who sit on the wall, who will have to ear their own dung and drink their own urine with you?" ** - AT: "My master sent me not only to you and your master, but also to speak to the people in this city, who will suffer with you when they have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine to survive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"In the ears" is metonymy for being able to listen. AT: "because the people standing on the city wall will hear it and be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words? Has he not sent me to the men who sit on the wall, who will have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine with you? + +He asks these questions assuming the listeners know the answers to emphasize their intention to destroy and humiliate the leaders and people of Jerusalem. AT: "My master sent me not only to you and your master, but also to speak to the people in this city, who will suffer with you when they have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine to survive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/28.md b/2ki/18/28.md index 329895ec1d..ac0a42e9b7 100644 --- a/2ki/18/28.md +++ b/2ki/18/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# from my power -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"my power" is metonymy for the ability of the king himself. AT: "from me" or "from the power of my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria -* **from my power** - AT: "from me" or "from the power of my army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **this city will not be handed over to the king of Assyria** - AT: "Yahweh will never allow the king of Assyria's army to take this city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be expressed in an active form. AT: "Yahweh will never allow the king of Assyria's army to take this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hand + +"Hand" is metonymy for control, authority and power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/31.md b/2ki/18/31.md index 6d793e0962..3260a1695c 100644 --- a/2ki/18/31.md +++ b/2ki/18/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Make peace with me and come out to me -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +"Come out of the city and surrender to me" or "Make an agreement with me to surrender, and come out of the city to me" -## translationNotes +# his own vine ... his own fig tree ... his own cistern -* **Make peace with me and come out to me** - "Come out of the city and surrender to me" (UDB) or AT: "Make an agreement with me to surrender, and come out of the city to me" +These sources of food and water are metaphors for security and plenty. This also was a common way of expressing this idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a land of grain and new wine ... bread and vineyards ... olive trees and honey + +These are metaphors for having good things and plenty in daily life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/33.md b/2ki/18/33.md index 92a229859c..d896dddf20 100644 --- a/2ki/18/33.md +++ b/2ki/18/33.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -## translationNotes +# Has any of the gods ... Assyria? -* Rabshakeh (see note on [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:18:16]]) continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -* **Where are the gods of ...?** - "I have destroyed the gods of ...!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Hamath...Arpad...Sepharvaim, Hena...Ivvah** - place names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **out of my hand** - AT: "out from my control" [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **from my power** - "from me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **How could Yahweh save Jerusalem from my might?** - "There is no way Yahweh can save Jerusalem from my might!" +He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. AT: "None the gods of the peoples have rescued them ... Assyria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where are the gods of ... Arpad? + +He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. AT: "I have destroyed the gods of ... Arpad!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Hamath ... Arpad ... Sepharvaim ... Hena ... Ivvah ... Samaria + +These are the names of places that represent the people living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# out of my hand + +"Hand" is metonymy for control, power, or authority. AT: "out from my control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is there any god who has rescued his land from my power? + +He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. AT: "No god has rescued his land from my power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# from my power + +"My power" is metonymy for the person whose has the power. AT: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# How could Yahweh save Jerusalem from my might? + +He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. AT: "There is no way Yahweh can save Jerusalem from my might!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/36.md b/2ki/18/36.md index 40c2e73d8a..369332fcf6 100644 --- a/2ki/18/36.md +++ b/2ki/18/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliakim ... Shebna ... Joah ... Asaph -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:eliakim]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# who was over the household -* **Eliakim ... Shebna ... Joah ... Asaph** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **who was over the household** - AT: "who managed the king's palace" -* **the recorder** - "the history keeper" -* **chief commander** - and is the translation of the Hebrew; some see this as a personal name, "Rabshakeh" +"who managed the king's palace" + +# the recorder + +"the history keeper" + +# chief commander + +and is the translation of the Hebrew; some see this as a personal name, "Rabshakeh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/intro.md b/2ki/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..27f6bf2e9b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of Hezekiah, one of the great kings of Judah (2 Kings 18 – 20). Because he was so important, there is more space dedicated to the history of his reign. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust in Yahweh ##### +Hezekiah trusted and obeyed God. He stopped paying tribute to Assyria so the Assyrians invaded Judah. The Assyrian king told the people of Judah that resistance was useless. Despite this, Hezekiah trusted in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/01.md b/2ki/19/01.md index 3d146e6b4a..760afcdbf0 100644 --- a/2ki/19/01.md +++ b/2ki/19/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# house of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:amoz]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:eliakim]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +This is another way of saying "temple of Yahweh." -## translationNotes +# Eliakim ... Shebna ... Isaiah ... Amoz -* **He sent Eliakim** - "Hezekiah sent Eliakim" -* **all covered with sackcloth** - AT: "all wearing sackcloth" +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He sent Eliakim + +"Hezekiah sent Eliakim" + +# all covered with sackcloth + +"all wearing sackcloth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/03.md b/2ki/19/03.md index 80ead6fbbe..c84613a147 100644 --- a/2ki/19/03.md +++ b/2ki/19/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This day is a day of distress -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"This is a time of distress" -## translationNotes +# the children have come to the time of birth, but there is no strength for them to be born -* **as when children come to the beginning of the birth canal, but the mother has no strength to deliver them** - "like a woman who is about to give birth to a child, but she is not strong enough to do it" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **It may be Yahweh your God will hear all the words of the chief commander** - "Perhaps Yahweh your God will hear all that the chief commander has said" -* **whom the king of Assyria his master has sent to defy the living God** - This can be a separate sentence: His master, the king of Assyria sent him to defy the living God." -* **and will rebuke the words which Yahweh your God has heard** - "and perhaps Yahweh your God will rebuke the chief commander for what he said" +This is a metaphor to describe how the people and their leaders have become so weak and unable to fight the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the words of the chief commander + +"everything that the chief commander has said" + +# lift up your prayer + +This a common way (an idiom) to use the action of lifting to metaphorically represent praying earnestly to Yahweh who is above us. AT: "pray earnestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/05.md b/2ki/19/05.md index 15e7924d28..75e0af74ce 100644 --- a/2ki/19/05.md +++ b/2ki/19/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will put a spirit in him, and he will hear a certain report and go back to his own land -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"I will control the attitude of the king of Assyria, so when he hears a report, he will want to return to his own country" -## translationNotes +# I will put a spirit in him -* **I will put a spirit in him, and he will hear a certain report and go back to his own land** - AT: "I will control what the king of Assyria does, so when he hears a report, he will want to return to his own country ..." -* **I will cause him to fall by the sword** - AT: "I will cause him to die by the sword" or "I will cause some men to kill him with a sword" +"I will influence his thinking" or "I will cause him to think differently." Here "spirit" probably refers to his attitude and thoughts, rather than to a spirit being. + +# I will cause him to fall by the sword + +"Fall by the sword" is metonymy for being killed. AT: "I will cause him to die by the sword" or "I will cause some men to kill him with a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/08.md b/2ki/19/08.md index ca63bbee5d..38ce5c4aeb 100644 --- a/2ki/19/08.md +++ b/2ki/19/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the chief commander -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +"the official from Assyria in charge under the king" -## translationNotes +# found the king of Assyria fighting -* **Rabshakeh** - AT: "the official from Assyria" -* **found the king of Assyria fighting** - AT: "heard that the Assyrian army was fighting" -* **Libnah...Lachish** - The names of cities in the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **had mobilized to fight against him ** - AT: "had prepared his army to fight against Assyria" -* **so he sent** - "so Sennacherib sent" -* **a message** - This message was written in a letter. +"discovered that the Assyrian army was fighting" + +# Libnah ... Lachish + +The names of cities in the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sennacherib ... Tirhakah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# had mobilized to fight against him + +"had prepared his army to fight against Assyria" + +# so he sent + +"so Sennacherib sent" + +# a message + +This message was written in a letter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/10.md b/2ki/19/10.md index cf829f2460..f06dae0c59 100644 --- a/2ki/19/10.md +++ b/2ki/19/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +This is the message that King Sennacharib of Assyria sent to King Hezekiah. -## translationNotes +# Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying -* This is the message that King Sennacharib of Assyria sent to King Hezekiah. -* **Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying** - AT: "Do not believe your God in whom you trust. He is lying when he says" -* **given over into the hand of the king of Assyria"** - The word "hand" here represents control. AT: "given into the control of Assyria" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **See, you have heard** - AT: "Listen, you have heard" or "You have certainly heard" (UDB). Here "see" was used to draw attention to what he was about to say next. -* **So will you be rescued?** - Sennacharib used this question to emphasize that God will not be able to rescue them. AT: "Your God will not rescue you" or "You will not be able to escape either" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Do not believe your God in whom you trust. He is lying when he says" + +# the hand of the king of Assyria + +"Hand" is metonymy for control, authority or power. AT: "the control of the government of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# See, you have heard + +"Notice, you have heard" or "You have certainly heard." Here "see" was used to draw attention to what he was about to say next. + +# So will you be rescued? + +Sennacharib used this question to emphasize that God will not be able to rescue them. AT: "Your God will not rescue you!" or "You will not be able to escape either!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/12.md b/2ki/19/12.md index c7b7300b86..ae433c8c6b 100644 --- a/2ki/19/12.md +++ b/2ki/19/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:haran]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +King Sennacharib's message to King Hezekiah continues. -## translationNotes +# Have the gods of the nations rescued them -* King Sennacharib's message to King Hezekiah continues. -* **Have the gods of the nations rescued them** - AT: "The gods of the nations did not rescue them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **my fathers** - AT: "the previous kings of Assyria" or "the armies of the previous kings of Assyria" (UDB) -* **Gozan, Haran, Rezeph, Eden, Telassar, Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, Hena, Ivvah** - These are all place names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This question assumes Hezekiah knows the answer and provides emphasis. AT: "The gods of the nations certainly did not rescue them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my fathers + +"the previous kings of Assyria" or "the armies of the previous kings of Assyria" + +# Gozan ... Haran ... Rezeph ... Eden ... Tel Assar ... Hamath ... Arpad ... Sepharvaim ... Hena ... Ivvah + +These are all place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/14.md b/2ki/19/14.md index b358597558..def081ff0c 100644 --- a/2ki/19/14.md +++ b/2ki/19/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# this letter -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This refers to the letter that King Sennacherib of Assyria sent to Hezekiah. (See: [2 Kings 19:8](./08.md)) -## translationNotes +# you who sit above the cherubim -* **this letter** - This refers to the letter that King Sennacherib of Assyria sent to Hezekiah. (See: [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:19:08]]) -* **you are God alone** - Hezekiah has changed from seeing Yahweh being Isaiah's God to Yahweh being the one and only God. The form of "you" in this location is emphatic. AT: "You yourself are God alone..." +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/16.md b/2ki/19/16.md index a0c7177928..5a09fb18c2 100644 --- a/2ki/19/16.md +++ b/2ki/19/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +King Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh after receiving the letter from King Sennacherib of Assyria. -## translationNotes +# Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen. Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see -* King Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh after receiving the letter from King Sennacherib of Assyria. -* **turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen** - AT: "Please listen to what I am going to say Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **open your eyes, Yahweh, and see** - AT: "Please look and see what is happening Yahweh," -* **They have put their gods into the fire ** - The Assyrian kings have burned up the other nations' gods. -* **Assyrians have destroyed them** - The Assyrians destroyed both the nations and the nation's gods. +Both of these sentences urge Yahweh to pay attention to the things that Sennacherib is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen + +The words "Turn your ear" and "listen" mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. AT: "Yahweh, please listen to what he is saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see + +The words "Open your eyes" and "see" mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. AT: "Yahweh, please pay attention to what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# They have put their gods into the fire + +"The Assyrian kings have burned up the gods of the other nations" + +# Assyrians have destroyed them + +"Assyrians have destroyed both the nations and the nations' gods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/19.md b/2ki/19/19.md index 31211c1e0a..afef4e6935 100644 --- a/2ki/19/19.md +++ b/2ki/19/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +King Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh after receiving the letter from King Sennacherib of Assyria. -## translationNotes +# I implore you -* King Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh after receiving the letter from King Sennacherib of Assyria. -* **Yahweh our God** - Hezekiah acknowledges Yahweh as the God, Israel's God, and his God. -* **I implore you** - AT: "I beg of you," -* **from his power** - "from the power of the King of Assyria" (UDB) or AT: "from the armies of the King of Assyria." +"I beg of you" + +# from his power + +"from the power of the King of Assyria" or "from the armies of the King of Assyria" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/20.md b/2ki/19/20.md index 144604b1d3..9d05097de7 100644 --- a/2ki/19/20.md +++ b/2ki/19/20.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The virgin daughter of Zion -* [[en:tw:amoz]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"Virgin daughter" is a metaphor for the people of Jerusalem as if they are young, vibrant and beautiful. The term "daughter" was used to give personal characteristics to cities by some biblical writers. AT: "The beautiful people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn. The daughter of Jerusalem shakes her head at you. -* **The virgin daughter of Zion** - AT: "The people of Jerusalem" The term "daughter" was used to give personal characteristics to cities by some biblical writers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn. The daughter of Jerusalem shakes her head at you.** - Both of these sentences intend to give the same meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The daughter of Jerusalem** - AT: "The people of the city of Jerusalem" -* **lifted up your eyes in pride** - "looked at very proudly" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the Holy One of Israel** - An expression for the God of Israel, Yahweh. +Both of these sentences intend to give the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The daughter of Jerusalem + +"Daughter" is metaphor for the people of Jerusalem. AT: "The people of the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shakes her head at you + +This action is a metaphor to represent disdain at the pride of the Assyrians. AT: "scorns you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whom have you defied and insulted? Against whom have you exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel! + +Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to rebuke Sennacherib. AT: "You have defied and insulted me! You have exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride against me, the Holy One of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# lifted up your eyes in pride + +"lifted up your eyes in pride" is metonymy for a haughty or arrogant facial expression. AT: "looked at very proudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Holy One of Israel + +An expression for the God of Israel, Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/23.md b/2ki/19/23.md index 94bf077c4e..80403e7135 100644 --- a/2ki/19/23.md +++ b/2ki/19/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fir]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] +This continues the message from Yahweh given by Isaiah, the prophet, to King Hezekiah concerning King Sennacherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# you have defied the Lord -* This continues the message from Yahweh given by Isaiah, the prophet, to King Hezekiah concerning King Sennacherib. -* **you have defied the Lord** - To "defy" is to insult or mock. -* **I have gone up...I will cut down...I will enter...** - These boasts made by Sennacherib could only be fulfilled by his army. -* **I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet** - "And by marching through the streams of Egypt, we dried them all up!" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +To "defy" is to openly resist or mock. + +# I have gone up ... I will cut down ... I will enter + +These boasts made by Sennacherib could only be fulfilled by his army. The pronoun "I" represents him and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet + +This is a boast that Sennacherib has so many soldiers that their feet dry up the water when they cross a river. This is an exagerration to emphasize the great number of soldiers he has. AT: "And by marching through the streams of Egypt, we dried them all up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/25.md b/2ki/19/25.md index 3a7101a8e9..253a4d2151 100644 --- a/2ki/19/25.md +++ b/2ki/19/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Have you not heard how ... times? -* This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. -* **impregnable cities** - AT: "cities that cannot be captured" or "cities surrounded by high walls" (UDB) -* **plants in the field, green grass** - "as frail as plants and grass in the fields" (UDB) or AT: "as weak as shallow rooted plants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the grass on the roof or in the field, burned before it has grown up** - AT: "like grass before it has matured." or "like grass before it has grown tall." +To make the point strongly this question assumes the listener knows the answer. AT: "Surely you know how ... times." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# impregnable cities + +"cities that cannot be captured" or "cities surrounded by high walls" + +# plants in the field, green grass + +This metaphor compares the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants. AT: "as frail as plants and grass in the fields" or "as weak as shallow rooted plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the grass on the roof or in the field, burned before it has grown up + +This continues the metaphor comparing the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants in difficult conditions for growing fully. AT: "like grass before it has matured" or "like grass before it has grown tall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/27.md b/2ki/19/27.md index 0dfbcf5ae7..a71ec583a7 100644 --- a/2ki/19/27.md +++ b/2ki/19/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] +This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# raging against me -* This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. -* **raging against me** - AT: "your angry shouting about me," -* **because your arrogance has reached my ears** - "because I have heard your proud words," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth** - AT: "I will lead you like an animal." -* **I will turn you back the way you came** - AT: "I will make you return to your own country the same way you came, without conquering Jerusalem." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +"angry shouting about me" + +# because your arrogance has reached my ears + +"Ears" are metonymy for listening or hearing. AT: "because I have heard your proud words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth + +A "hook" and a "bit" (to control a horse) are metaphors for Yahweh's control of Sennacherib. AT: "I will lead you like an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will turn you back the way you came + +That Sennacherib will return home before he can conquer Jerusalem can be stated clearly. AT: "I will make you return to your own country the same way you came, without conquering Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/29.md b/2ki/19/29.md index dfb7b94c91..321a97e56d 100644 --- a/2ki/19/29.md +++ b/2ki/19/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Here Isaiah is talking to King Hezekiah. He continues using parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# grows wild -* Here Isaiah is talking to King Hezekiah. -* **grows wild** - AT: "grows without having been planted," -* **The remnant of the house of Judah that survives will again take root and bear fruit** - AT: "The people of Judah who remain alive will be like plants who grow and produce fruit." or "The people who remain in Judah will prosper and have many children." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this** - AT: "The strong action of Yahweh will make this happen." +"grows without having been planted" + +# The remnant of the house of Judah that survives will again take root and bear fruit + +This metaphor compares restoration of the remnant to plantings that take hold and produce results. AT: "The people of Judah who remain alive will restore their lives and prosperity" or "The people who remain in Judah will prosper and have many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this + +"The strong action of Yahweh will make this happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/32.md b/2ki/19/32.md index 4c88a8b236..2db1b3f03e 100644 --- a/2ki/19/32.md +++ b/2ki/19/32.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the end of the message from Yahweh, spoken through the prophet Isaiah to King Hezekiah. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# nor shoot an arrow here -* This is the end of the message from Yahweh, spoken through the prophet Isaiah to King Hezekiah. -* **or build a siege ramp against it** - "and they will not even build up high mounds of earth against the city wall to enable them to attack the city." (UDB) -* **This is the declaration of Yahweh** - For Yahweh to "declare" is for Yahweh to promise or commit to what He said He will do. -* **for my own sake and for my servant David's sake** - AT: "for the sake of my own reputation and because of what I promised to King David, who served me well." (UDB) +"Arrow" is metonymy representing all tools of warfare and destruction. AT: "nor do any fighting here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# or build up a siege ramp against it + +"and they will not even build up high mounds of earth against the city wall to enable them to attack the city" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# for my own sake and for my servant David's sake + +"for the sake of my own reputation and because of what I promised to King David, who served me well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/35.md b/2ki/19/35.md index a14314ace8..823083650a 100644 --- a/2ki/19/35.md +++ b/2ki/19/35.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:ararat]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"It happened" -## translationNotes +# 185,000 soldiers -* **It came about** - "It happened" -* **When the men arose** - "when the men who were left alive arose" -* **Nisroch, Adrammelech, Sharezer, Esarhaddon** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"one hundred eighty-five thousand soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# When the men arose + +"When the men who were left alive got up" + +# Adrammelek ... Sharezer ... Esarhaddon + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/intro.md b/2ki/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c185762f43 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 2 Kings 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Hezekiah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +God is in control of everything. God caused the Assyrian king to fail in conquering Jerusalem because he mocked God. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +"The virgin daughter of Zion" is an idiom meaning the people of Jerusalem. "The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn" means that "the people of Jerusalem know that Assyria will fail because they have mocked God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/01.md b/2ki/20/01.md index e908b34017..5b5604a494 100644 --- a/2ki/20/01.md +++ b/2ki/20/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Set your house in order -* [[en:tw:amoz]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"House" is metonymy for what was under Hezekiah's control. AT: "Give final instructions to your household and government" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# call to mind -* **set your house in order** - "give final instructions to your household" -* **call to mind** - "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **walked** - "lived my life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **good in your sight** - "pleasing to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is a common way of speaking, an idiom, urging Yahweh to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# walked + +This is an idiom. AT: "lived my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# good in your sight + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/04.md b/2ki/20/04.md index 9e61b71662..67dda1214b 100644 --- a/2ki/20/04.md +++ b/2ki/20/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"Word" represents the message Yahweh revealed to Isaiah. This is a common way of speaking, an idiom. AT: "Yahweh spoke his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I have heard your prayer, and I have seen your tears -* **on the third day** - "two days from now" (UDB) The day Isaiah said this was the first day, so "the third day" would be the same as "two days from now." +The second part reinforces the first part to make one message by using parallelism. AT: "I have heard your prayers and seen your tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# on the third day + +"two days from now" The day Isaiah said this was the first day, so "the third day" would be the same as "two days from now." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/06.md b/2ki/20/06.md index 8fc7ae4a3f..bb8b2c156b 100644 --- a/2ki/20/06.md +++ b/2ki/20/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The message from Yahweh to King Hezekiah through the prophet Isaiah continues. -## translationNotes +# fifteen years -* The message from Yahweh to King Hezekiah through the prophet Isaiah continues. -* **fifteen years** - 15 years (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **from the power of the King of Assyria** - "from the King of Assyria" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **lump of figs** - "paste made of boiled figs" (UDB) -* **they did so and put it on his boil"** - AT: "Hezekiah's servants did this and put the paste on Hezekiah's sore" +15 years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# from the hand of the king of Assyria + +"Hand" is metonymy for power, authority and control. AT: "from the control of the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lump of figs + +"paste made of boiled figs" + +# They did so and put it on his boil + +"Hezekiah's servants did this and put the paste on Hezekiah's sore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/08.md b/2ki/20/08.md index 03612d98aa..8fccc57146 100644 --- a/2ki/20/08.md +++ b/2ki/20/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or go back ten steps? -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The source of "the shadow" can be stated clearly. AT: "Do you want Yahweh to make the shadow caused by the sunlight on the stairway to go forward ten steps or to go back ten steps?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). -## translationNotes +# ten steps -* **Shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or go back ten steps?"** - AT: "Do you want Yahweh to make the shadow caused by the sunlight on the stairway to go forward ten steps or to go back ten steps?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]). Steps could also be translated "degrees". +This expression refers to the "stairway of Ahaz" in [2 Kings 20:11](./10.md). This was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the sun's rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/10.md b/2ki/20/10.md index 1188e54df4..b5b609e75b 100644 --- a/2ki/20/10.md +++ b/2ki/20/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# It is an easy thing for the shadow to go forward ten steps -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] +Why "it is an easy thing" can be stated clearly. "It is easy to cause the shadow to move forward ten steps, because that is the normal thing for it to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the stairway of Ahaz -* **it is an easy thing for the shadow to go forward ten steps** - "It is easy to cause the shadow to move forward ten steps, because that is the normal (or natural) thing for it to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **the stairway of Ahaz** - AT: "the steps that had been built for King Ahaz" +This was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the sun's rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day. AT: "the steps that had been built for King Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/12.md b/2ki/20/12.md index 6c85e291e0..813583cb6c 100644 --- a/2ki/20/12.md +++ b/2ki/20/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Marduk-Baladan ... Baladan -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +These are the names of the king of Babylon and his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# listened to those letters -* **Berodach Baladan, Baladan** - These are the names of the king of Babylon and his son. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **listened to those letters** - AT: "carefully considered those letters" or AT: "heard the message from the king of Babylon" -* **There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +1) "carefully considered those letters" or 2) "heard the message from the king of Babylon" + +# There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them + +Here "There was nothing ... did not show them" is an exaggeration used for emphasis. It means Hezekiah showed them all of his most valuable things. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Hezekiah showed him absolutely everything valuable in his house and in all his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/14.md b/2ki/20/14.md index 1b1f88defa..182ea65954 100644 --- a/2ki/20/14.md +++ b/2ki/20/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# these men -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +This refers to the men sent to King Hezekiah with a message and gifts from Marduk-Baladan. -## translationNotes +# They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them -* **these men** - This refers to the men sent to King Hezekiah with a message and gifts from Berodach Baladan. -* **They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them** - Hezekiah repeats the same idea in two ways to emphasize his point. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Hezekiah repeats the same idea in two ways to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them + +"Nothing" and "not" cancel each other out to make the idea positive. This exaggeration is used for emphasis. AT: "I showed them absolutely every one of my valuable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/16.md b/2ki/20/16.md index cd95708286..db3f909f86 100644 --- a/2ki/20/16.md +++ b/2ki/20/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# So Isaiah said to Hezekiah -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Why Isaiah spoke can be stated clearly. AT: "So, because Isaiah knew Hezekiah had been foolish to show the men all his valuable things, Isaiah said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh -* **So Isaiah said to Hezekiah** - AT: "So, because Isaiah knew Hezekiah had been foolish to show the men all his valuable things, Isaiah said to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **Look, the days are about to come when** - AT: "Listen to me, someday there will come a time when"; "Look" is used to draw attention to what Isaiah is about to tell Hezekiah. -* **the days** - This refers to an undefined span of time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"the message of Yahweh" + +# Look, the days are about to come when + +"Listen to me, someday there will come a time when"; "Look" is used to draw attention to what Isaiah is about to tell Hezekiah. + +# the days + +"Days" is synecdoche to refer to an undefined span of time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/19.md b/2ki/20/19.md index cd5fe074e4..bdefff1941 100644 --- a/2ki/20/19.md +++ b/2ki/20/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For he thought -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"Because Hezekiah thought" -## translationNotes +# Will there not be peace and stability in my days? -* **For he thought** - "Because Hezekiah thought" -* **Will there not be peace and stability in my days?** - "There will be peace and stability in my days." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) Hezekiah asks the question to show that he has nothing to worry about. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **pool** - A small area of still water for storage -* **conduit** - A tunnel for carrying the water -* **are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah? ** - "yes, they are written in The Book of the Kings of Judah." The writer asks the question to emphasize that they are written. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Hezekiah asks this question for emphasis knowing the answer already. AT: "I can be sure that there will be peace and stability in my days." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# pool + +A small area of still water for storage + +# conduit + +A tunnel for carrying the water + +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? + +This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/intro.md b/2ki/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99195ac9a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Kings 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter finishes the story of Hezekiah. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hezekiah's additional time ##### +God hears the distressed call of his faithful believers. Hezekiah was dying but when he prayed, God gave him 15 more years of life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/01.md b/2ki/21/01.md index cbf6374a0b..e25a25ab3a 100644 --- a/2ki/21/01.md +++ b/2ki/21/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hephzibah -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The mother of King Manasseh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* **Hephzibah** - The mother of King Manasseh (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:03:01]] -* **like the disgusting things** - "including the disgusting things" -* **he rebuilt ** - "Manasseh rebuilt" +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like the disgusting things + +Another possible meaning is "including the disgusting things." + +# he rebuilt the high places ... he built altars for Baal, made an Asherah pole + +Manasseh would have commanded his workers to do the building for him. AT: "he had the high places rebuilt ... he had altars built for Baal, had an Asherah pole made" or "he had his workers rebuild the high places ... he had them build altars for Baal, make an Asherah pole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/04.md b/2ki/21/04.md index de52a1adb4..c3ecca8aae 100644 --- a/2ki/21/04.md +++ b/2ki/21/04.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pagan]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +The story of King Manasseh's reign continues. -## translationNotes +# It is in Jerusalem that my name will be forever -* The story of King Mannaseh's reign continues. -* **I will put my name** - AT: "that is where I will make known who I am" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for all the stars of heaven** - AT: "for the people to worship all the stars of heaven" -* **He passed his son through the fire** - AT: "he burned his son to death as an offering to his gods" -* **consulted** - "asked for information from" -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:03:01]] +The name is a metonym for the person. AT: "Jerusalem is where I will forever make known who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He built altars for all the stars of heaven in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh + +It is implied that he built these altars so people could make sacrifices and worship the stars. Also, he would not have built these altars himself, rather he would have commanded his workers to do it. AT: "He had his workers build altars in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh so that the people could worship the stars and offer them sacrifices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He put his son into the fire + +You may need to make explicit why he put his son in the fire and what happened after he did so. AT: "He burned his son to death as an offering to his gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# consulted + +"asked for information from" + +# much evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "many things that were evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "many things that Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/07.md b/2ki/21/07.md index 39904bb500..5e344f366f 100644 --- a/2ki/21/07.md +++ b/2ki/21/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The story of King Manasseh's reign continues. -## translationNotes +# that he had made -* The story of King Mannaseh's reign continues. -* **that he had made** - "that Manasseh had ordered to be made," -* **I will put my name forever** - "where I want people to worship me forever." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the feet of Israel** - AT: "the Israelites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **destroyed before the people of Israel** - AT: "destroyed, the people who lived in the land before the Israelites arrived." +Manasseh probably did not do the work. His servants would have done the work. AT: "that Manasseh had ordered his servants to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that I will put my name forever + +Here Yahweh putting his "name" on the temple represents him designating it as the place to worship him. AT: "where I want people to worship me forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the feet of Israel + +The feet are a synecdoche for the person. AT: "the people of Israel" or "the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# even more than the nations that Yahweh had destroyed before the people of Israel + +Here "nations" refers to the people who had lived in the land of Canaan before the Israelites had arrived. AT: "even more than the people whom Yahweh had destroyed as the people of Israel advanced through the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/10.md b/2ki/21/10.md index 1009ed9dd1..5b81f26d5b 100644 --- a/2ki/21/10.md +++ b/2ki/21/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# with his idols, therefore Yahweh, the God of Israel, says this: Look -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person. AT: "with his idols, therefore I, Yahweh, the God of Israel, say this: Look" or 2) the prophet is introducing what Yahweh says. AT: "with his idols.' Therefore, this is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, says: 'Look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# whoever hears of it, both his ears will tingle -* **the ears of all who hear it will tingle** - AT: "those who hear what Yahweh will do, will be shocked." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The physical feeling is a metonym for the emotional feeling that causes it. AT: "those who hear what Yahweh does, will be shocked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/13.md b/2ki/21/13.md index 9ca9fd3db7..356b96c72c 100644 --- a/2ki/21/13.md +++ b/2ki/21/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# stretch over Jerusalem the measuring line used against Samaria, and the plumb line used against the house of Ahab -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +The words "measuring line" and "plumb line" are metaphors for the standards Yahweh uses to judge people. AT: "judge Jerusalem using the same measure I used when I judged Samaria and the house of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# against Samaria -* **stretch over Jerusalem the measuring line used against Samaria** - AT: "judge Jerusalem using the same measure I used when I judged Samaria" -* **plumb line** - a tool made of a heavy weight and a thin rope used to show if a wall is straight -* **I will throw off** - AT: "I will abandon" (UDB) or "I will reject" -* **hand them over into the hand of their enemies** - "let their enemies defeat them and take over their land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Samaria is the capital city and it represents all the people of the kingdom of Israel. AT: "against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# plumb line + +a tool made of a heavy weight and a thin rope used to show if a wall is straight + +# the house of Ahab + +Here "house" represents family. AT: "the family of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will throw off + +"I will abandon" or "I will reject" + +# give them into the hand of their enemies + +Here the "hand" of the enemies refers to their enemies' control. AT: "let their enemies defeat them and take over their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/16.md b/2ki/21/16.md index b2de53bfff..101964c7aa 100644 --- a/2ki/21/16.md +++ b/2ki/21/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Moreover -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +"Also" or "In addition" -## translationNotes +# Manasseh shed much innocent blood -* **Moreover** - AT: "In addition to those evil things" -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:03:01]] -* **are they not written ...?** - "you can be certain that they are written ...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the garden of Uzza** - Possible meanings are 1) "the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza" (see UDB) or 2) "Uzza Garden." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Amon** - man's name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The words "shed much innocent blood" are a metonym for killing people violently. It might be best to translate this so the reader understands that other people helped Manasseh do this. AT: "Manasseh ordered his soldiers to kill many innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another with death + +This hyperbole emphasizes the great number of people Manasseh had killed throughout Jerusalem. The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "dead people." AT: "there were very many dead people throughout Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are they not written ... Judah? + +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written ... Judah." or "you can find them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# slept with his ancestors and + +This is a polite way of saying he "died, as his ancestors had, and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the garden of Uzza + +Possible meanings are 1) "the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza" or 2) "Uzza Garden." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Amon + +This is a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/19.md b/2ki/21/19.md index db9a80e0ce..5afc113b95 100644 --- a/2ki/21/19.md +++ b/2ki/21/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Amon ... Haruz -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Meshullemeth -* **Amon ... Meshullemeth ... Haruz ... Jotbah ** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:03:01]] +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jotbah + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/21.md b/2ki/21/21.md index ccf3a1a580..26f5294265 100644 --- a/2ki/21/21.md +++ b/2ki/21/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# followed in all the way that his father had walked in -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"walked in all the ways that his father walked in." The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "lived completely the way his father had lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He abandoned Yahweh -* **followed in all the way that his father had walked in** - AT: "lived completely the way his father had lived" -* **He abandoned** - "Amon went away from Yahweh" or "He paid no more attention to Yahweh" -* **conspired against him** - "made plans to harm him" +"He went away from Yahweh" or "He paid no more attention to Yahweh" + +# conspired against him + +"made plans and worked together to harm him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/24.md b/2ki/21/24.md index bcbc2c2fdc..3ef814188f 100644 --- a/2ki/21/24.md +++ b/2ki/21/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the people of the land -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This is a generalization. AT: "some of the people in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# conspired against -* **conspired against** - AT: "made plans to harm" -* **are they not written ...?** - "you can be certain that they are written ...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the garden of Uzza** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:21:16]]. +"made plans and worked together to harm." See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:23](./21.md). + +# are they not written ... Judah? + +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written ... Judah." or "you can find them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the garden of Uzza + +Possible meanings are 1) "the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza" or 2) "Uzza Garden." See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](./16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/intro.md b/2ki/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14ddcb9fb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Kings 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's judgment ##### +God judges sin. When Manasseh worshiped idols and did many evil things, God said he would cause Judah to be destroyed by its enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### + +"I will wipe Jerusalem clean, as a man wipes a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down" means "God would completely destroy Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/01.md b/2ki/22/01.md index 2c6c7be1d4..d99626dd76 100644 --- a/2ki/22/01.md +++ b/2ki/22/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# thirty-one years -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"31 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Jedidah -* **were right in the eyes of Yahweh** - "Yahweh had said were good" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **He walked in all the way of David his ancestor** - AT: "He lived the way David his ancestor had lived" or "He followed the example of David his ancestor" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he did not turn away either to the right or the left** - AT: "he did not do anything that would displease Yahweh" or "he fully obeyed all the laws of Yahweh" (see UDB). +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adaiah + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bozkath + +This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +Here "eyes" represents Yahweh's thoughts or what he considered about something. AT: "He did what Yahweh considered to be right" or "He did what was right according to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He walked in all the way of David his ancestor + +"He walked in all the ways of David his ancestor" Josiah behaving as David did is spoken of as if he walked on the same road or way as David. AT: "He lived the way David his ancestor had lived" or "He followed the example of David his ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he did not turn away either to the right or to the left + +To fully obey Yahweh is spoken of as if a person were on the correct road and never turned from it. AT: "he did not do anything that would displease Yahweh" or "he fully obeyed all the laws of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/03.md b/2ki/22/03.md index 6b54a32171..38754cb52f 100644 --- a/2ki/22/03.md +++ b/2ki/22/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +If your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# the eighteenth year -* **It came about that** - If your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here. -* **Shaphan ... Azaliah ... Meshullam** - These are men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hilkiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:18:16]] +"Eighteenth" is the ordinal form of 18. AT: "the 18th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Shaphan ... Azaliah ... Meshullam ... Hilkiah + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# house of Yahweh ... in the temple + +Here "house of Yahweh" and "temple" mean the same thing. + +# Go up to Hilkiah + +The phrase "Go up" is used because Yahweh's temple was higher in elevation than where King Josiah was located. AT: "Go to Hilkiah" + +# that has been brought into the house of Yahweh, which the temple guards have gathered from the people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the temple guards who gathered the money from the people brought into the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let it be given into the hand of the workmen + +Here "hand" represents the workmen as a whole. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Tell Hilkiah to give the money to the workmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/06.md b/2ki/22/06.md index f1422de562..812527d7c6 100644 --- a/2ki/22/06.md +++ b/2ki/22/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faithful]] +The message from King Josiah to Hilkiah, the high priest, continues. -## translationNotes +# Let them give money ... was given to them ... because they handled -* The message from King Josiah to Hilkiah, the high priest, continues. -* **carpenters** - workers who build with wood -* **masons** - workers who build with stone -* **no accounting was required for the money that was given to them** - "the workers did not have to report how they used the money that the temple guards gave to them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **because they handled it faithfully** - AT: "because they used the money honestly" +Here "them" and "they" refer to the workmen who are in charge of the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](./03.md). + +# the carpenters, the builders, and the masons + +These are the same as the workmen who are in the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](./03.md). Here the workers are described in more detail. + +# carpenters + +workers who build with wood + +# masons + +workers who build with stone + +# no accounting was required for the money that was given to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the workmen who were in charge did not have to report how they used the money that the temple guards gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because they handled it faithfully + +"because they used the money honestly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/08.md b/2ki/22/08.md index ef933f235a..4cef947579 100644 --- a/2ki/22/08.md +++ b/2ki/22/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Hilkiah -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 18:18](../18/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the book of the law -* **Hilkiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:18:16]] +Most likely these laws were written on a scroll. A scroll was a type of book made of one long, rolled-up sheet of papyrus or leather. + +# given it into the hand of the workmen + +Here "hand" represents the workmen as a whole. AT: "given it to the workmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/11.md b/2ki/22/11.md index f2e0c09feb..ae1bccf661 100644 --- a/2ki/22/11.md +++ b/2ki/22/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +If your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# had heard the words of the law -* **It came about that** - If your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here. -* **Ahikam ... Achbor ... Micaiah ... Asaiah** - men's names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **consult with Yahweh** - "ask Yahweh what we should do about this" -* **that has been found** - "that Hilkiah has found" -* **For it is great, the anger of Yahweh that has been kindled against us** - AT: "For Yahweh's anger that burns against us is great" +Here "words" represents the message of the law. AT: "had heard the laws that were written in the book" or "had heard the laws that were written in the scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he tore his clothes + +This is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Ahikam ... Shaphan ... Akbor ... Micaiah ... Asaiah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Go and consult with Yahweh + +It is made clear in 22:14 that the king means for the men to go to the prophetess of Yahweh to determine Yahweh's will. + +# consult + +to go to someone to ask for advice + +# the words of this book that has been found + +Here "words" represents the laws. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the laws in this book that Hilkiah has found" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For great is the anger of Yahweh that has been kindled against us + +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that was lit. AT: "For Yahweh is very angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all that was written concerning us + +This refers to the law that was given to Israel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "all that Moses wrote in the law that we should do" or "all the laws that God gave through Moses to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/14.md b/2ki/22/14.md index f9c5424057..85b4863f26 100644 --- a/2ki/22/14.md +++ b/2ki/22/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Huldah -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Shallum ... Tikvah ... Harhas -* **Huldah** - a woman's name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shallum ... Tikvah ... Harhas** - men's names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the man who sent you to me** - King Josiah, (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# keeper of the wardrobe + +Possible meanings are 1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or 2) the person who took care of the king's clothing. + +# she lived in Jerusalem in the second quarter + +Here "second quarter" refers to the new part of the city that was built on the north side of Jerusalem. Also, "second" is the ordinal form of 2. AT: "she lived in Jerusalem in the new part of the city" or "she lived in the new part of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the man who sent you to me + +Here "the man" refers to King Josiah. + +# I will bring disaster to this place and to its inhabitants + +Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. AT: "I will cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to this place + +"to Jerusalem." This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. AT: "to Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/17.md b/2ki/22/17.md index fdb0a9495d..7565e473f4 100644 --- a/2ki/22/17.md +++ b/2ki/22/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The message Yahweh sent to King Josiah through Huldah, the prophetess, continues. -## translationNotes +# my anger has been kindled against this place, and it will not be extinguished -* The message Yahweh sent to King Josiah through Huldah, the prophetess, continues. -* **my anger will be kindled against this place and it will not be extinguished** - AT: "my anger against this place is like a fire that cannot be put out" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that they would become a desolation** - "that it would become a bare wilderness" +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that was lit. AT: "my anger against this place is like a fire that cannot be put out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this place + +Here "place" represents the people who live in Jerusalem and Judah. AT: "these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# About the words that you heard + +Here "words" represents the message that Huldah just spoke. AT: "About the message that you heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because your heart was tender + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. Feeling sorry is spoken of as if the heart were tender. AT: "because you felt sorry" or "because you repented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that they would become a desolation and a curse + +The abstract nouns "desolation" and "curse" can be stated as an adjective and a verb. AT: "that I would make the land desolate and would curse them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# torn your clothes + +This is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 19:33](../19/32.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/20.md b/2ki/22/20.md index 275d09d9ac..e9c1e50824 100644 --- a/2ki/22/20.md +++ b/2ki/22/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This is the end of the message from Yahweh to King Josiah through the prophetess Huldah. -## translationNotes +# See, I will gather you to your ancestors, and you will be gathered to your grave in peace -* This is the end of the message from Yahweh to King Josiah through the prophetess Huldah. -* **See, I will gather you to your ancestors** - AT: "Listen, you will die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **and your eyes not see all the disaster ** - AT: "and you will not experience any of the disaster" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Both statements mean basically the same thing. They are polite ways of saying he will die. AT: "So I will allow you to die and be buried peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Your eyes will not see + +Here "will not see" represents not experiencing something. AT: "You will not experience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your eyes + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the disaster that I will bring upon this place + +Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that Yahweh would bring to a place. AT: "the terrible things I will cause to happen in this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/intro.md b/2ki/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..197587da65 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The next two chapters (2 Kings 22-23) tell about the spiritual revival under King Josiah. A revival occurs when the people begin to worship Yahweh properly again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The law ##### +The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah's lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/01.md b/2ki/23/01.md index d7d56554b5..27dd7b460d 100644 --- a/2ki/23/01.md +++ b/2ki/23/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is a generalization. AT: "many other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# from small to great -* **all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem** - AT: "many other people" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **from small to great** - "from the least important to the most important" -* **He then read in their hearing** - AT: "The king then read aloud so that they could hear" +This merism includes everyone in between. AT: "from the least important to the most important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# He then read in their hearing + +"Then the king read aloud so that they could hear" + +# that had been found + +In [2 Kings 22:8](../22/08.md) it states that Hilkiah found the book. This can be translated in active form. AT: "that Hilkiah had found" or "that they had found" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/03.md b/2ki/23/03.md index 6490114f49..94b3c797a7 100644 --- a/2ki/23/03.md +++ b/2ki/23/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# walk after Yahweh -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path, and "to walk after" someone is a metonym for doing what that other person does or wants others to do. AT: "live obeying Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# his commandments, his regulations, and his statutes -* **to keep his commandments, the code of laws, and the ritual laws ** - "completely do everything Yahweh had told his people to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **all his heart and all his soul** - AT: "his inner being" (UDB; See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These words all share similar meanings. Together they emphasize everything that Yahweh had commanded in the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with all his heart and all his soul + +The idiom "with all his heart" means "completely" and "with all his soul" means "with all his being." These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "with all his being" or "with all his energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that were written in this book + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that this book contained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# stand by the covenant + +This idiom means to "obey the terms of the covenant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/04.md b/2ki/23/04.md index ff81732df0..d5b22e80b9 100644 --- a/2ki/23/04.md +++ b/2ki/23/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the priests under him -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"the other priests who served him" -## translationNotes +# gatekeepers -* **gatekeepers** - men who guarded the gates to the temple -* **Kidron Valley ... Bethel** - names of places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +men who guarded the gates to the temple + +# for Baal ... for all the stars + +"so people could use them to worship Baal ... so people could use them to worship all the stars" + +# He burned ... and carried ... He got rid + +The word "he" refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. AT: "he had them burn them ... and carry them ... He had them get rid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kidron Valley ... Bethel + +names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to Baal, to the sun and the moon, to the planets, and to all the stars + +"as a way to worship Baal, the sun and the moon, the planets, and all the stars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/06.md b/2ki/23/06.md index 0d9a6d9e82..a0ba98c4e0 100644 --- a/2ki/23/06.md +++ b/2ki/23/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This continues to tell what King Josiah did in response to the message from Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# He brought out ... and burned it ... He beat it ... and threw ... He cleared -* This continues to tell what King Josiah did in response to the message from Yahweh. -* **wove garments** - "made clothes" +The word "he" refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. AT: "He had them bring out ... and burn it ... He had them beat it ... and throw ... He had them clear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wove garments + +"made clothes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/08.md b/2ki/23/08.md index 973797fdab..5378b72783 100644 --- a/2ki/23/08.md +++ b/2ki/23/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Josiah brought ... and defiled ... He destroyed -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. AT: "He commanded them to bring ... and to defile ... He had them destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Geba ... Beersheba -* **Geba ... Beersheba** - names of places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **city governor named Joshua** - "city ruler named Joshua" or "city leader named Joshua." This is a different Joshua from the Joshua in the Old Testament Book of Joshua. -* **brother priests** - "fellow priests" or AT: "the priests who also served at the temple" +names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Joshua (the city governor) + +"the city ruler named Joshua" or "the city leader named Joshua." This is a different Joshua from the Joshua in the Old Testament Book of Joshua. + +# their brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to their fellow priests who served at the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/10.md b/2ki/23/10.md index eb180ea24e..072d0de96f 100644 --- a/2ki/23/10.md +++ b/2ki/23/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Topheth ... Ben Hinnom -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:molech]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# put his son or his daughter into the fire as a sacrifice to Molech -* **Topheth ... Ben Hinnom** - place names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **pass his son or his daughter through the fire to Molech** - "put his son or his daughter in the fire and burn them as an offering to Molech" -* **He took away** - "King Josiah had his officials take away" -* **the horses** - Possible meanings are 1) real horses or 2) statues of horses. -* **Nathan Melech** - a man's name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"put his son or his daughter in the fire and burn them as an offering to Molech" + +# He took away + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and "the priests under him" ([2 Kings 23:4](./04.md)), might have helped Josiah do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the horses + +Possible meanings are 1) real horses or 2) statues of horses. + +# had given to the sun + +Here "given" represents being dedicated for worship. AT: "had used to worship the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Nathan-Melek + +a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/12.md b/2ki/23/12.md index e9f438daf2..4c07917dd1 100644 --- a/2ki/23/12.md +++ b/2ki/23/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Josiah the king destroyed ... Josiah smashed ... The king ruined ... He broke ... he filled -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. AT: "Josiah the king commanded them to destroy ... They smashed ... He had them ruin ... He had them break ... they filled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Kidron Valley -* **Kidron Valley, Mount of Corruption** - place names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **filled in their places with human bones** - AT: "covered the ground with human bones so people could not use it as a shrine anymore" +place name. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 23:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# filled those places with the bones of human beings + +"covered the ground with human bones so people could not use it as a shrine anymore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/15.md b/2ki/23/15.md index acaac55440..0419a2b927 100644 --- a/2ki/23/15.md +++ b/2ki/23/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Josiah also completely destroyed ... He also burned ... and beat ... He also burned -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and "the priests under him" ([2 Kings 23:4](./04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# spoke of these things beforehand -* **spoke of these thing beforehand** - AT: "had said that these things would happen" +"had said that these things would happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/17.md b/2ki/23/17.md index 00e5fb7cee..538f471a0d 100644 --- a/2ki/23/17.md +++ b/2ki/23/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# monument -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +marker or statue that honors a person. A tomb is one kind of monument. -## translationNotes +# So they let his bones alone, along with the bones of -* **monument** - marker or statue that honors a person. A tomb (UDB) is one kind of monument. -* **So they let his bones alone, along with the bones of** - "So they did not touch his bones or the bones of" +"So they did not touch his bones or the bones of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/19.md b/2ki/23/19.md index 05c73dc287..4c2f226109 100644 --- a/2ki/23/19.md +++ b/2ki/23/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Josiah removed ... He did ... He slaughtered ... he burned -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and "the priests under him" ([2 Kings 23:4](./04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# what had been done -* **took them away** - "ordered his workers to tear them down" or "ordered his workers to destroy them" -* **what had been done** - "what he had done" -* **and burned human bones on them** - "and burned human bones on them so no one would use them again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"what he had done" + +# he burned human bones on them + +You may need to make explicit why he burned the bones. "he burned human bones on them so no one would use them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/21.md b/2ki/23/21.md index 7aa4e3dbaf..3e4c725078 100644 --- a/2ki/23/21.md +++ b/2ki/23/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Keep the Passover -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"You must celebrate the Passover" -## translationNotes +# Such a Passover celebration had never been held from the days of -* **Keep the Passover** - "You must celebrate the Passover" -* **ruled Israel** - "ruled over all of the descendants of Israel" -* **the days of the kings of Israel or Judah** - "the time when Israel and Judah each had their own kings" -* **Such a Passover celebration had never been held from the days of** - "The descendants of Israel had not held this kind of Passover festival since the time of" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The descendants of Israel had not celebrated the Passover festival in such a great way in the time of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ruled Israel + +The name "Israel" is a metonym for "the descendants of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the days of the kings of Israel or Judah + +"the time when the people of Israel had their own king and the people of Judah had their own king" + +# this Passover of Yahweh was celebrated + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the people of Judah celebrated this Passover of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/24.md b/2ki/23/24.md index fa1f9cd076..870fce54f7 100644 --- a/2ki/23/24.md +++ b/2ki/23/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# banished ... spirits -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"forced those ... spirits to leave" or "made a law that those ... spirits had to leave" -## translationNotes +# those who talked with the dead or with spirits -* **banished ... spirits** - "forced those ... spirits to leave" -* **those who talked with the dead or with spirits** - See how you translated "those who talked with the dead and ... those who talked with spirits" in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:21:04]] -* **fetishes** - things that people wrongly believe have special power -* **who turned to Yahweh** - "who gave himself completely to Yahweh" -* ** And after him there was no king that arose like him** - "And since then there has never been a king who was like Josiah" +See how you translated "those who talked with the dead and ... those who talked with spirits," in [2 Kings 21:6](../21/04.md). + +# fetishes + +things that people wrongly believe have special power + +# who turned to Yahweh + +"who gave himself completely to Yahweh" + +# Nor did any king like Josiah arise after him + +"And since then there has never been a king who was like Josiah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/26.md b/2ki/23/26.md index 8d64ca845f..e67c0eb361 100644 --- a/2ki/23/26.md +++ b/2ki/23/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# However -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pagan]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer uses this word to show that even though all of these things that Josiah did were good, Yahweh was still angry with Judah. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh did not turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, which had been kindled against -* **Yahweh did not turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, which had been kindled against** - "Yahweh did not stop being very angry extreme with" -* **had provoked him** - "had caused him to be angry" -* **out of my sight** - "from where I am" or "from being near me" -* **My name will be there** - "People should worship me there" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. The abstract nouns "fierceness" and "wrath" can be translated as adjectives. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh did not turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, which he had kindled against" or "Yahweh did not stop being fierce because he was angry with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# had provoked him + +"had caused him to be angry" + +# out of my sight + +"from where I am" or "from being near me" + +# My name will be there + +The name is a metonym for the honor that people should give to the person. AT: "People should worship me there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/28.md b/2ki/23/28.md index b8d61470ef..dc711074b4 100644 --- a/2ki/23/28.md +++ b/2ki/23/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written ... Judah? -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "you can find them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# In his days, Pharaoh Necho, king of Egypt -* **are they not written ...?** - AT: "you can be certain that they are written ...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **In his days, Pharaoh Neco, king of Egypt,** - During the time he was king of Egypt, Pharaoh Neco" -* **Neco, Megiddo** - Neco is the name of a man. Megiddo is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"During the time of Josiah, Pharaoh Necho, king of Egypt" + +# Necho ... Megiddo + +Necho is the name of a man. Megiddo is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/31.md b/2ki/23/31.md index 8e66468533..f41f76f370 100644 --- a/2ki/23/31.md +++ b/2ki/23/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-three years old -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"23 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Hamutal -* **Hamutal** - woman's name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Libnah ... Riblah ... Hamath** - place names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:03:01]] -* **put him in chains** - "put him in prison" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **fined Judah** - "forced the people of Judah to give him" (UDB) -* **talent** - See [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]. +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Libnah ... Riblah ... Hamath + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# put him in chains + +Being put "in chains" represents being captured and imprisoned. AT: "put him in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fined Judah + +"forced the people of Judah to give him" + +# one hundred talents ... one talent + +A talent was about 33 kilograms. AT: "3,300 kilograms ... 33 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/34.md b/2ki/23/34.md index aa8c9f9453..2afd6cc0f5 100644 --- a/2ki/23/34.md +++ b/2ki/23/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehoikim taxed the land -* [[en:tw:eliakim]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +"Jehoikim collected taxes from the people who owned land" -## translationNotes +# people of the land -* **He taxed the land** - "He collected taxes from the people who owned land" -* **people of the land** - "people of the land of Judah" +"people of the land of Judah." Possible meanings are 1) "the people who lived in the land of Judah" or 2) "the richest and most powerful of those who lived in Judah." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/36.md b/2ki/23/36.md index 3d2e909459..6b53c70c7d 100644 --- a/2ki/23/36.md +++ b/2ki/23/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Zebidah -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +woman's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Pedaiah -* **Zebidah** - woman's name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Pedaiah** - man's name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Rumah** - place name (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:03:01]] +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rumah + +place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/intro.md b/2ki/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..328b1e8608 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Josiah ends in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ending idolatry ##### +Josiah destroyed idolatry in Judah and in the deserted areas of Israel. But he fought against Egypt and was killed in battle. After his death, Egypt set up a government of Judah that it controlled. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/01.md b/2ki/24/01.md index 718da9909a..8d1f2926c0 100644 --- a/2ki/24/01.md +++ b/2ki/24/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# In Jehoiakim's days -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"During the time that Jehoiakim ruled Judah" -## translationNotes +# attacked Judah -* **In Jehoiakim's days** - AT: "During the time that Jehoiakim ruled Judah" -* **attacked Judah** - AT: "attacked and defeated Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **This was in conformity with the word of Yahweh** - ​AT: "This was according to the word of Yahweh" +You may need to make explicit what happened after Nebuchadnezzar attacked Judah. AT: "attacked and defeated Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# This was in conformity with the word of Yahweh that had been spoken through his servants the prophets + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "This was according to the word of Yahweh that his servants the prophets had spoken" or "This was exactly what Yahweh had told his servants the prophets to say would happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/03.md b/2ki/24/03.md index 3beac07424..537982098c 100644 --- a/2ki/24/03.md +++ b/2ki/24/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It was certainly at the mouth of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Some versions have, "It was certainly because of the wrath of Yahweh," which is just as good a reading of the original text. If translators have access to versions in major languages in their region, they should probably follow their choice. -## translationNotes +# at the mouth of Yahweh -* **remove them out of his sight** - AT: "get rid of them" or "destroy them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **innocent blood that he shed** - "innocent people who were killed" -* **he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood** - AT: "he many innocent people were killed in Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "mouth" represents Yahweh's command. AT: "as Yahweh had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# remove them out of his sight + +"get rid of them" or "destroy them" + +# innocent blood that he shed + +Blood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. AT: "innocent people whom he killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood + +Blood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. AT: "he killed many innocent people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/05.md b/2ki/24/05.md index 5eaa99d377..abdea0ed97 100644 --- a/2ki/24/05.md +++ b/2ki/24/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# are they not written ... Judah? -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This is written as a rhetorical question because at the time this was written people were already aware of this information. This can be written as a statement. It can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are indeed written ... Judah." or "you can find them ... Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# slept with his ancestors -* This question is to emphasize the fact. AT: "they are written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **slept with his ancestors** - AT: "died and was buried along with his ancestors" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Sleeping is a euphemism for dying. AT: "died and was buried along with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/07.md b/2ki/24/07.md index 1674cf03e0..f14327c35f 100644 --- a/2ki/24/07.md +++ b/2ki/24/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The king of Egypt did not attack any more out of his land -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:king]] - -## translationNotes - -* **The king of Egypt did not attack any more out of his land ** - AT: "The king of Egypt did not come out of his land any more to attack." +"The king of Egypt did not come out of his land any more to attack other people groups" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/08.md b/2ki/24/08.md index 30b3814e97..c886476e6b 100644 --- a/2ki/24/08.md +++ b/2ki/24/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Nehushta ... Elnathan -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Nehushta is the name of a woman. Elnathan is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* **Nehushta, Elnathan** - Nehushta is the name of a woman. Elnathan is the name of a man.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** - "Jehoiachin did what Yahweh said was evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he did all that his father had done** - "just as his father had done" +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he did all that his father had done + +Here "all" is a generalization. It means he did the same sinful things as his father. AT: "he committed the same kinds of sins his father had committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/10.md b/2ki/24/10.md index b8db514fd7..26e778b2e6 100644 --- a/2ki/24/10.md +++ b/2ki/24/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +You may need to make explicit why Jehoiachin went out to meet Nebuchadnezzar. AT: "Jehoiachin the king of Judah, with his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers, went out to where the king of Babylon was, to surrender to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# The king of Babylon captured him in the eighth year of his own reign -* **Jehoiachin, the king of Judah, went out to the king of Babylon, he, his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers** - "Jehoiachin, his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers all went out to where the king of Babylon was, to surrender to him" -* **The king of Babylon captured him in the eighth year of his own reign** - "The king of Babylon had been king for eight years when he captured Jehoiachin" +"After the king of Babylon had been king for more than seven years, he captured Jehoiachin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/13.md b/2ki/24/13.md index 989ecc0abe..411a4fbe60 100644 --- a/2ki/24/13.md +++ b/2ki/24/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Solomon king of Israel had made -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +You might want to translate this so the reader understands that Solomon might have had others help him do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# He took into exile all Jerusalem -* **He took into exile all Jerusalem** - "Nebuchadnezzar took all the important people away from Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the craftsmen and the smiths** - "the men who knew how to make and repair things that are made from metal" +Here "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the people who lived there. And, "all" is a generalization. It means all the most important people AT: "Nebuchadnezzar took all the important people away from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the craftsmen and the smiths + +"the men who knew how to make and repair things that are made from metal" + +# No one was left except the poorest people in the land + +This can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "Only the poorest people in the land still lived there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/15.md b/2ki/24/15.md index 1d1fee74a1..e473f88f93 100644 --- a/2ki/24/15.md +++ b/2ki/24/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# seven thousand ... one thousand -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +"7,000 ... 1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Mattaniah -* **seven thousand, one thousand ** - (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Mattaniah, Zedekiah** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/18.md b/2ki/24/18.md index 6af5ab640c..2afa8ef446 100644 --- a/2ki/24/18.md +++ b/2ki/24/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-one ... eleven -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +"21 ... 11" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Hamutal -* **twenty-one, eleven** - one, eleven** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Hamutal** - This is a woman's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Jeremiah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Libnah** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **evil in the sight of Yahweh** - "evil to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeremiah + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Libnah + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/intro.md b/2ki/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d8b943f6b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Kings 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +These last two chapters are the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### God's punishment ##### +God punished Judah because of their sin. The Babylonians conquer Jerusalem and carry away all the craftsmen, soldiers and wealthy. They make Zedekiah the king. He was not truly a king because he lacked absolute authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/01.md b/2ki/25/01.md index 2754382e4e..95c2294704 100644 --- a/2ki/25/01.md +++ b/2ki/25/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in the ninth year -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month -* **In the ninth year of the reign of King Zedekiah, in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month** - AT: "On the tenth day of the tenth month of the ninth year of the reign of king Zedekiah, it happened that" -* **came with all his army against Jerusalem** - AT: "came with his whole army to fight against the people of Jerusalem." or "came with his whole army to conquer Jerusalem." -* **the people of the land** - These are the inhabitants of Jerusalem, including refugees from the surrounding villages that fled to Jerusalem when the war started. +This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of December on Western calendars. This is during the cold season when there may be rain and snow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# came with all his army against Jerusalem + +The name "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the people who lived in it. AT: "came with his whole army to fight against the people of Jerusalem" or "came with his whole army to conquer Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the ninth day of the fourth month + +This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth day is near the end of June on Western calendars. This is during the dry season when there is very little or no rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# the people of the land + +These are the inhabitants of Jerusalem, including refugees from the surrounding villages that fled to Jerusalem when the war started. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/04.md b/2ki/25/04.md index 5fc93b5e69..30f81652f0 100644 --- a/2ki/25/04.md +++ b/2ki/25/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the city was broken into -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:overtake]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Then the Babylonian army broke into the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# all the fighting men -* **Then the city was broken into** - AT: "Then the Babylonian army broke into the city," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all the fighting men** - AT: "all the warriors" -* **by the way of the gate** - AT: "by using the gate" -* **the Chaledeans** - Some translations use "Chaldeans" and others use "Babylonians". Both terms mean the same group. -* **The king went in the direction of** - AT: "King Zedekiah also fled and he went toward" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **All his army was scattered away from him** - AT: "His whole army ran away from him." or "The Chaldeans chased away his whole army." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"all the warriors" + +# by the way of the gate + +"by using the gate" + +# the Chaldeans + +Some translations use "Chaldeans" and others use "Babylonians." Both terms refer to the same people group. + +# The king went in the direction of + +"King Zedekiah also fled and he went toward" + +# All his army was scattered away from him + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "His whole army ran away from him" or "The Chaldeans chased away his whole army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/06.md b/2ki/25/06.md index 8b6a6a5ae0..6a64e355b6 100644 --- a/2ki/25/06.md +++ b/2ki/25/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Riblah -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# passed sentence on him -* **Riblah** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they passed sentence on him** - AT: "pronounced his judgment." or "pronounced his sentence." -* **they slaughtered them before his eyes** - AT: "they killed them before him." or "they killed them while king Zedekiah was forced to watch." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they made him blind** - The word "he" refers to king Nebuchadnezzar, but he probably did not do it himself. AT: "Then the Babylonian soldiers cut out Zedekiah's eyes." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"decided what they would do to punish him" + +# they slaughtered them before his eyes + +The eyes are synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "they forced king Zedekiah to watch them kill his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he put out his eyes + +"Nebuchadnezzar put out Zedekiah's eyes." It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped Nebuchadnezzar do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/08.md b/2ki/25/08.md index c5f87edfeb..4cee0295a3 100644 --- a/2ki/25/08.md +++ b/2ki/25/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the end of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) -## translationNotes +# the nineteenth year -* **in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which was the nineteenth year** - AT: "on the seventh day of the fifth month of the nineteenth year" -* **Nebuzaradan** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the royal guard** - "his personal protectors," or "his security guards," -* **who were under** - AT: "that were following the orders of" -* **As for all the walls** - AT: "Concerning the whole wall" +This is the ordinal form of the number 19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Nebuzaradan + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# As for all the walls around Jerusalem, all + +"This is what happened to all the walls around Jerusalem: all" + +# who were under + +"who were following the orders of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/11.md b/2ki/25/11.md index 92f17e2805..596c13b7ae 100644 --- a/2ki/25/11.md +++ b/2ki/25/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# As for the rest of the people ... city, those -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +"This is what happened to the rest of the people ... city: those" -## translationNotes +# the rest of the people who were left in the city -* **deserted** - "surrendered" (UDB) AT: "given themselves over" -* **the rest of the people** - "those remaining remaining in the city but had no home" +"the people who remained in the city" + +# deserted to the king + +"left the city and gone to be with the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/13.md b/2ki/25/13.md index 60221780ab..feff74e41c 100644 --- a/2ki/25/13.md +++ b/2ki/25/13.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# As for the bronze pillars ... Yahweh, the Chaldeans -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"This is what happened to the bronze pillars ... Yahweh: the Chaldeans" -## translationNotes +# the stands -* **the stands** - "the stands made of bronze that could be moved about" -* **broke them into pieces** - AT: "cut them into pieces" or "chopped them up into small pieces" -* **shovels** - This was a tool that was used to clean the altar, typically used to move big piles of dirt, sand, or ashes. -* **tools for tending the lamps** - "snuffers" This was a tool that was used to make the lamps in the temple work well. -* **use by those who served in the temple** - AT: "which the priests had used in the temple service" -* **fire pans** - AT: "The pots were used for removing ashes from the altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This refers to the large, moveable bronze stands with bronze wheels and axles. "the moveable bronze stands" or "the bronze stands with wheels" + +# the bronze sea + +"the large bronze basin" + +# broke them into pieces + +"cut them into pieces" or "chopped them up into small pieces" + +# shovels + +A shovel was a tool that was used to clean the altar, typically used to move big piles of dirt, sand, or ashes. + +# with which the priests had served in the temple + +"which the priests had used in the temple service" + +# The pots for removing ashes + +You may need to make explicit which ashes are spoken of. AT: "The pots that were used for removing ashes from the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/16.md b/2ki/25/16.md index 079164bbb7..de0c721a59 100644 --- a/2ki/25/16.md +++ b/2ki/25/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the sea -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +"the large bronze basin." See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:13](./13.md). -## translationNotes +# the stands -* **the sea** - AT: "the large bronze basin," See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:25:13]]. -* **cubit** - A unit of distance. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **a capital of bronze** - AT: "an artistic, bronze design" or "a bronze piece with designs" -* **latticework** - This was a design made of crossed strips which looked like a net. -* **all made of bronze** - AT: "completely made of bronze." +See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:13](./13.md). + +# eighteen cubits ... three cubits + +A cubit was 46 centimeters. AT: "about 8.3 meters ... about 1.4 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# a capital of bronze + +"an artistic, bronze design" or "a bronze piece with designs" + +# latticework + +This was a design made of crossed strips that looked like a net. + +# all made of bronze + +"completely made of bronze" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/18.md b/2ki/25/18.md index 4192fcae18..7e8455cb1d 100644 --- a/2ki/25/18.md +++ b/2ki/25/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The commander of the bodyguard -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] -* [[en:tw:zephaniah]] +See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:8](./08.md). -## translationNotes +# Seraiah -* **The commander of the bodyguard** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:25:08]]. -* **took prisoner** - AT: "arrested" -* **Seraiah** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the second priest** - AT: "his replacement," or "the second most important priest," or "the vice high priest," -* **gatekeepers** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:07:09]]. -* **an officer who was in charge of soldiers** - Other translations may read "a eunuch who was in charge of soldiers." A eunuch is a man whose private parts have been removed. -* **responsible for drafting men into the army** - AT: "who was in charge of finding men to be soldiers," or "who was the army's recruiter," +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the second priest + +These words refer to Zephaniah. Another possible meaning is "the priest under Seraiah." + +# gatekeepers + +See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:10](../07/09.md). + +# took prisoner + +"captured and kept from escaping" + +# an officer who was in charge of soldiers + +Other translations may read "a eunuch who was in charge of soldiers." A eunuch is a man whose private parts have been removed. + +# officer responsible for drafting men into the army + +Possible meanings are 1) the officer forced men to become soldiers or 2) the officer wrote down the names of the men who became soldiers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/20.md b/2ki/25/20.md index 45f16cf960..0f83acf4dd 100644 --- a/2ki/25/20.md +++ b/2ki/25/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Nebuzaradan -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:8](./08.md). -## translationNotes +# Riblah -* **Nebuzaradan** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:25:08]]. -* **Riblah** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:2ki:25:06]]. -* **put them to death** - AT: "had them killed" or "killed them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **In this way, Judah went out of its land into exile** - AT: "So Judah was taken into exile out of its land" -* **Judah went out of its land** - AT: "the people of Judah went out of their land" or "all important people of Judah went out of their land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:6](./06.md). + +# put them to death + +This is a polite way of saying "killed them." It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped the king do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In this way, Judah went out of its land into exile + +"So Judah was taken into exile out of its land" + +# Judah went out of its land + +Judah, the name of the people group, is a metonym for the people themselves. AT: "the people of Judah went out of their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/22.md b/2ki/25/22.md index a562e7c88d..6a648a16dc 100644 --- a/2ki/25/22.md +++ b/2ki/25/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Gedaliah ... Ahikam ... Shaphan ... Ishmael ... Nethaniah ... Johanan ... Kareah ... Seraiah ... Tanhumeth ... Jaazaniah -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Netophathite -* **Nebuzaradan, Gedaliah, Ahikam, Shaphan, Ishmael, Nethaniah, Johanan, Kareah, Seraiah, Tanhumeth, Jaazaniah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Netophathite** - This means that Tanhumeth is from the family or clan of Netophah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Maacathite** - This means that Jaazaniah's father was from a place called Maacah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to a person who is a descendant of a man named Netophah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Maakathite + +This refers to a person who comes from a place called Maakah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/25.md b/2ki/25/25.md index f9e0c60485..73ae7a3767 100644 --- a/2ki/25/25.md +++ b/2ki/25/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the seventh month -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +This is the seventh month on the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Elishama -* **Elishama** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **all the people** - AT: "many people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **from the least to the greatest** - AT: "from the least important to the most important" or "everyone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the people + +This is a generalization. AT: "many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# from the least to the greatest + +This is a merism that means "everyone," which is a generalization. AT: "from the least important to the most important" or "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/27.md b/2ki/25/27.md index 09480104cb..760a8a5f8c 100644 --- a/2ki/25/27.md +++ b/2ki/25/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in the thirty-seventh year -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# in the twelfth month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month -* **It happened later in the thirty-seventh year ... on the twenty-seventh day of the month** - seventh year ... on the twenty-seventh day of the month** - AT: "Later, on the twenty-seventh day of the twelfth month of the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin, king of Judah" -* **Evil Merodach** - This is the name of a man, not a description of him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the twelfth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Awel-Marduk + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/28.md b/2ki/25/28.md index df892d6d4f..e7db679711 100644 --- a/2ki/25/28.md +++ b/2ki/25/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a seat more honorable than that of the other kings -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Giving a good place at the dining table is a metonym for honoring him. AT: "more honor than the other kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# removed Jehoiachin's prison clothes -* **a seat more honorable than that of the other kings** - AT: "more honor than the other kings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **removed Jehoiachin's prison clothes** - AT: "replaced Jehoiachin's prison clothes with new clothes" or "gave Jehoiachin new clothes" -* **at the king's table** - AT: "with the king and his officials" -* **food allowance** - AT: "money to buy food" +The act of removing Jehoiachins' prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# at the king's table + +"with the king and his officials" + +# A regular food allowance was given to him + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The king made sure that he had a regular food allowance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A regular food allowance + +"Money to buy food" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/intro.md b/2ki/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f8187e41d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Zedekiah's revolt ##### +Zedekiah revolted against the Babylonians, so they came and completely destroyed Jerusalem. They tore down the city walls and took the rest of the people to Babylon as slaves, except the very poorest people remained. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/front/intro.md b/2ki/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..70ba19e44b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Kings # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 2 Kings #### + +1. The deeds of the prophets Elijah and Elisha in the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel + - Elijah brings Yahweh's judgment onto King Ahaziah (1:1–18) + - Elijah goes to heaven, and Elisha replaces him as the main prophet (2:1–25) + - Elisha defends the northern kingdom against Moab (3:1–27) + - Elisha performs various miracles (4:1–44) + - Elisha heal Naaman, the Syrian (5:1–27) + - Elisha acts in time of war against Syria (6:1–7:20) + - Elisha's reputation and prophecy about Hazael (8:1–15) +1. The history of Judah and Israel from the time of Kings Jehoram and Joram to the fall of Israel (8:16–17:41) +1. The history of Judah from the time of King Hezekiah to its fall (18–25) + +#### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Kings about? #### + +These books are about the history of the people of Yahweh from the time when they split into two kingdoms after Solomon's death. This was the time when the northern kingdom went its own way under its own kings. The Books of 1 and 2 Kings tell this story from the viewpoint that the kings and the priests should have taught their people to be faithful to Yahweh and to his covenant with them. + +The Book of 2 Kings tells how King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. His actions were in response to the rediscovery of a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem (See: [2 Kings 22–23](../22/01.md)). But at the same time, the northern kingdom was growing increasingly corrupt until the Assyrians conquered it in 722 BC. Finally, the southern kingdom fell to the Babylonian Empire in 586 BC. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The Books of 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book in Hebrew but were separated into two books when they were translated in Greek. Translators might choose to create a more meaningful title such as "The First Book about the Kings" and "The Second Book about the Kings." + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## +#### What is the religious purpose of 1 and 2 Kings? #### + +These books were probably written during the exile, after the temple had been destroyed by the Babylonians. Because the temple had had such great religious and cultural significance, the writer may have wanted to explain why the Jews were in exile and how they could continue to worship Yahweh without performing temple sacrifices. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why do the Books of 1 and 2 Kings refer to someone being addressed indirectly? #### + +In the languages of the original Old Testament, people often referred to themselves as "your servant" when speaking to anyone in a superior position to themselves. For example, David frequently called himself "your servant" when he spoke to King Saul. He also called Saul "my master." This type of indirect reference was intended to show honor to the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" in this way, but a translator should use whatever expressions that are natural in the project language in order to honor someone in a superior position. + +#### What does the king "did what was right (or) evil in the eyes of Yahweh" mean? #### + +This kind of expression is repeated throughout the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. The writer evaluated the achievements and failures of the people and their kings by how well they kept the covenant with Yahweh. + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the Kingdom of Judah. + +#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 2 Kings 2:22; 8:22; 10:27; 14:7; 16:6; 17:23, 34, 41. + +#### Can I translate 2 Kings before 1 Kings? #### + +It is not recommended that one translate 2 Kings before 1 Kings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/01.md b/2pe/01/01.md index 70b5663845..111a9f0d00 100644 --- a/2pe/01/01.md +++ b/2pe/01/01.md @@ -1,34 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:apostle|apostle, apostleship]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faith|faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:peter|Peter, Simon Peter, Cephas]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:savior|Savior]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers he is writing to. -## translationNotes +# slave and apostle of Jesus Christ -* **Simon Peter** - “From Simon Peter” Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. This could be translated as “I, Simon Peter, wrote this letter.” -* **slave and apostle of Jesus Christ** - Peter speaks of his attitude of being Jesus Christ's servant. He also was given the position and authority of being Christ's apostle. -* **to those** - Peter seems to be addressing all believers who may read this letter. Alternate translation: "to believers." -* **we have received ** - "we apostles have received" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **grace be to you** - The word "you" refers to all believers in general. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **Jesus our Lord ** - Jesus the Lord of the believers and apostles. -* **May grace be to you; may peace increase through the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord** - Alternate translation: "May kindness and your peace increase because you truly know God and Jesus our Lord." +Peter speaks of being Jesus Christ's servant. He also was given the position and authority of being Christ's apostle. + +# to those who have received the same precious faith + +That these people have received faith implies that God has given that faith to them. AT: "to those to whom God has given the same precious faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to those who have received + +"to you who have received." Peter addresses all believers who may read this letter. + +# we have received + +Here the word "we" refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to those to whom he is writing. AT: "we apostles have received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# May grace and peace increase in measure + +God is the one who will give grace and peace to believers. AT: "May God increase your grace and your peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# May grace and peace increase + +Peter speaks of peace as if it were an object that could increase in size or numbers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord + +You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. AT: "through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/03.md b/2pe/01/03.md index 1769d4a641..6517e54830 100644 --- a/2pe/01/03.md +++ b/2pe/01/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:divine]] -* [[en:tw:divine]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Peter begins to teach the believers about living godly lives. -## translationNotes +# for life and godliness -* **who called us** - God first reached out to us. "us" refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **through his own glory and virtue** - "through His Honor and moral excellence" -* **Through these, he gave us precious and great promises** - "God's precious and great promises came through His honor and excellence" -* **the divine nature** - "God's perfect nature" -* **as you escape from the corruption that is in the world in wicked desires** - "As you flee from the immoral desires of the world. +Here "godliness" describes the word "life." AT: "for a godly life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# who called us + +Here the word "us" refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# through his own glory and virtue + +"through his own glory and moral excellence" + +# Through these + +Here "these" refers to "his own glory and virtue." + +# you might be sharers + +"you might share" + +# the divine nature + +what God is like + +# as you escape from the corruption that is in the world because of wicked desires + +Peter speaks of people not suffering from the corruption that wicked desires cause as if they were escaping from that corruption. The word "corruption" is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "and so that the wicked desires in this world will no longer corrupt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/05.md b/2pe/01/05.md index 9e431f896e..d771422c2c 100644 --- a/2pe/01/05.md +++ b/2pe/01/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For this reason -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:selfcontrol]] +This refers to what Peter has just said in the previous verses. AT: "Because of what God has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# virtue -* Peter continues to talk to the believers. -* **this same reason** - "because of what God has done" -* **virtue** - "moral excellence" -* **through your virtue, gain knowledge** - Through applying moral excellence increase your understanding. -* **gain brotherly affection** - “be kind to one another” +"moral excellence" + +# brotherly affection + +This refers to love for a friend or family member and likely means love for ones spiritual family. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/08.md b/2pe/01/08.md index 1bb1111d4c..5fbbb17c15 100644 --- a/2pe/01/08.md +++ b/2pe/01/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# these things -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This refers to faith, virtue, knowledge, self-control, endurance, godliness, brotherly affection, and love, which Peter mentioned in the previous verses. -## translationNotes +# you will not be barren or unfruitful -* Peter continues to talk to the believers. -* **these things** - That is, faith, virtue, knowledge, self-control, endurance, godliness, brotherly affection, and love. -* **you will not be barren or unfruitful ** - "You will produce and be fruitful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **whoever lacks these things** - any person who does not have these things. -* **sees only what is near; he is blind** - This phrase compares a a person who thinks only about earthly matters that are right in front of him as one without sight. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he is a field that will not produce a crop. This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "you will produce and be fruitful" or "you will be effective" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# barren or unfruitful + +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this person will not be productive or experience any benefits from knowing Jesus. AT: "unproductive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ + +You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. AT: "through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# whoever lacks these things + +any person who does not have these things + +# sees only what is near; he is blind + +Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a nearsighted or blind person because he does not understand their value. AT: "is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the cleansing from his old sins + +You can use a verb to translate this. AT: "that God has cleansed him from his old sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/10.md b/2pe/01/10.md index a98a3141fb..3fc1461aae 100644 --- a/2pe/01/10.md +++ b/2pe/01/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# make your calling and election sure for yourselves -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] +The words "calling" and "election" share similar meanings and refer to God's choosing them to belong to him. AT: "make sure that God has really chosen you to belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# you will not stumble -* Peter continues to talk to the believers. -* **Therefore** - The word "therefore" begins the response of the believer to what was previously stated. -* **make your calling and election sure for yourselves** - The word "calling" refers to God's general invitation of salvation to the all people. The word "election" refers to the specific people that God has chosen. These two words have similar meanings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **you will not stumble** - You will not fail morally or spiritually. +Here the word "stumble" refers either to 1) committing sin. AT: "you will not practice sinful behavior" or 2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. AT: "you will not become unfaithful to Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an entrance ... will be richly granted to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will richly grant to you an entrance into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an entrance + +the opportunity to enter + +# richly granted + +given very generously \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/12.md b/2pe/01/12.md index da30bffc8a..ad5a135096 100644 --- a/2pe/01/12.md +++ b/2pe/01/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Peter tells the believers about his obligation to continue reminding them and teaching them. -## translationNotes +# to remind you of these things -* **Therefore** - The writer is about to make a statement based on what he previously wrote. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_connectingwords]]) -* **I will be ready always to remind you of these things** - Peter is expressing that he will continue to remind the believers in how to follow christ. -* **of these things** - how the believers are to grow in Christ. -* **to wake you up** - This is an expression for "to bring to your attention." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I am in this tent** - This is an expression for "for as long as I am alive." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will remove my tent** - This is an expression for "I will die." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will do my best for you to always remember these things** - "I will do my best to teach you these things so that you will always remember them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* ** after my departure** - This is an expression for "after my death." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the words "these things" refers to everything that Peter has said in the previous verses. + +# you are strong in the truth + +"you strongly believe the truth of these things" + +# to stir you up with a reminder about these things + +Here the word "stir" means to awaken someone from sleep. Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. AT: "to cause you to think about these things with a reminder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as long as I am in this tent ... I will remove my tent + +Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he will put away. These phrases refer to his death. AT: "as long as I am alive ... I will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# for you to always remember + +"to enable you to always remember" + +# after my departure + +Peter speaks of his death as if he were leaving one place to go to another. AT: "after my death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/16.md b/2pe/01/16.md index 94b9ffa924..dce14d65a5 100644 --- a/2pe/01/16.md +++ b/2pe/01/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Peter continues to explain his teachings to the believers and explains why they are trustworthy. -## translationNotes +# For we did not follow cleverly invented myths -* **For we did not follow cleverly invented myths** - For we apostles did not follow cleverly made up stories. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **our ** - all believers including us apostles. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **We heard this voice that came out of heaven** - Peter is referring to himself and the other disciples, James and John, that heard the voice of God. See: ([[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **While we were with him on the holy mountain** - Peter is referring to the time when Jesus glowed with bright light in front of Peter, James and John. (See Matthew [[en:bible:notes:mat:17:01]]). +Here the word "we" refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. AT: "For we apostles did not follow cleverly made-up stories" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# the power and the appearance + +These two phrases may refer to the same thing and be translated as a single phrase. AT: "the powerful coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ + +Possible meanings are 1) the future second coming of Jesus or 2) the past appearance of Jesus during the Transfiguration. + +# our Lord Jesus Christ + +Here the word "our" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# when a voice was brought to him by the majestic Glory + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when he heard a voice come from the majestic Glory" or "when the majestic Glory spoke to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the majestic Glory + +Peter refers to God in terms of his glory. This is a euphemism that avoids using God's name, out of reverence for him. AT: "God, the supreme Glory," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# We heard this voice that came out of heaven + +Peter is referring to himself and to the disciples James and John, who heard the voice of God. + +# we were with him + +"we were with Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/19.md b/2pe/01/19.md index 2c2ebe3129..d9c739afcb 100644 --- a/2pe/01/19.md +++ b/2pe/01/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers. -## translationNotes +# We have this prophetic word made more sure -* **We have this prophetic word made sure** - Peter is referring to the apostles. The apostles have the message from the prophets that they know is the truth from God. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **to which you do well to attend** - Peter is saying to the believers to pay close attention to the prophetic message. -* **It is like a lamp shining in a dark place until the morning comes** - The prophetic word is compared to a lamp that gives light in the dark until light comes in the morning. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and the morning star rises in your hearts** - The morning star is Christ coming to live in the believers heart. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but by men carried along by the Holy Spirit who spoke from God** - Men who were controlled by the Holy Spirit and spoke what God told them. +The things that Peter and the other apostles saw, which he described in the previous verses, confirm what the prophets spoke. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The things that we saw make this prophetic word more sure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We have + +Here the word "We" refers to all believers, including Peter and his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# this prophetic word + +This refers to the Old Testament. AT: "the scriptures, which the prophets spoke," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You do well to pay attention to it + +Peter instructs the believers to pay close attention to the prophetic message. + +# It is like a lamp shining in a dark place until the morning comes + +Peter compares the prophetic word to a lamp that gives light in the dark until light comes in the morning. The coming of morning is a reference to Christ's coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the morning star rises in your hearts + +Peter speaks of Christ as the "morning star," which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the morning star + +The "morning star" refers to the planet Venus, which sometimes rises just before the sun and indicates that daybreak is near. + +# Know this first + +"Know this as the most important thing" + +# no prophecy is about one's own interpretation + +Possible meanings are 1) the prophets did not make their prophecies on their own or 2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understood the prophecies or 3) people must interpret the prophecies with the help of the entire Christian community of believers. + +# men carried along by the Holy Spirit spoke from God + +The Holy Spirit directed men to speak what God wanted them to speak. This can be stated in active form. AT: "men spoke from God as the Holy Spirit carried them along" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# men carried along by the Holy Spirit + +Peter speaks of the Holy Spirit helping the prophets to write what God wanted them to write as if the Holy Spirit was carrying them from one place to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/intro.md b/2pe/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1664d28db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2pe/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Peter 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Knowing God ##### +Christian spiritual growth is often described as knowing God more or knowing God better. This is because growing Christians understand the things of God better as they grow. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +##### Forgetting what God has done ##### +Peter believes Christians who are not leading godly lives have forgotten the cost of their salvation. He reasons: if they remembered their former lives and what Jesus has done, they would be sufficiently motivated to live godly lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Divine revelation ##### +Peter describes Christianity as a religion which has been revealed and proved by God, and it is therefore implied that it is not a creation of man, like all other religions (except Judaism). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Peter 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[2 Peter intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/01.md b/2pe/02/01.md index 2e97f9c222..9608c43121 100644 --- a/2pe/02/01.md +++ b/2pe/02/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers. -## translationNotes +# False prophets came to the people, and false teachers will also come to you -* **False prophets came to the Israelites, and false teachers will come to you** - Just as false prophets came deceiving Israel with their words, so will false teachers come teaching lies about Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **heresies** - opinions that are contrary to the teaching of Christ and the apostles. -* **the Master who bought them** - Jesus is the Master who paid for the sins of all men through His death, burial and resurrection. -* **their sensuality** - "their" refers to the false prophet and teachers. Alternate translation: "how they behave in an extremely immoral manner" -* **Against them condemnation will not wait long; their destruction is not idle** - judgment against the false prophets will be forthcoming and not delay excessively. See: ([[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Just as false prophets came deceiving Israel with their words, so will false teachers come teaching lies about Christ. + +# destructive heresies + +The word "heresies" refers to opinions that are contrary to the teaching of Christ and the apostles. These heresies destroy the faith of those who believe them. + +# the master who bought them + +The word "master" here refers to a person who owns slaves. Peter speaks of Jesus as the owner of people whom he has bought, the price being his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sensuality + +"immoral sexual behavior" + +# the way of truth will be blasphemed + +The phrase "way of truth" refers to the Christian faith as the true path to God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "unbelievers will blaspheme the way of truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make a profit off of you with deceptive words + +"convince you to give them money by telling you lies" + +# Their condemnation does not delay for long; their destruction does not sleep + +Peter speaks of "condemnation" and "destruction" as if they are persons who act. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how soon the false teachers will be condemned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Their condemnation does not delay for long; their destruction does not sleep + +You can translate these phrases with verbs in positive terms. AT: "God will soon condemn them; he is ready to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/04.md b/2pe/02/04.md index f57004c937..2479bd5bbb 100644 --- a/2pe/02/04.md +++ b/2pe/02/04.md @@ -1,24 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +Peter gives examples of people who acted against God and whom God punished because of what they did. -## translationNotes +# did not spare -* **For if God did not spare the angels who sinned… ** - This begins a series of "if" statements that conclude in verse [[:en:bible:notes:2pe:02:07]]. -* **down to Tartarus** - "Tartarus" is the Greek word for hell taken from greek and roman religion. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **to be kept in chains in darkness until the judgment** - To be held in a secure prison waiting God's final judgment. -* **and if he did not spare the ancient world…but brought a flood upon the world of the ungodly** - God destroyed the ancient world and the ungodly people with a flood. -* **but did preserve Noah** - God saved righteous Noah from the flood. -* **reduced the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes** - God used fire to destroy the ungodly in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. -* **as an example of what is to come** - Just as Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by fire, at the end of the age God will destroy all the ungodly people by the lake of fire. +"did not refrain from punishing" or "punished" + +# he handed them down to Tartarus + +The word "Tartarus" is a term from Greek religion that refers to the place where evil spirits and wicked men who have died are punished. AT: "he cast them into hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to be kept in chains of lower darkness + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where he will keep them in chains of lower darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in chains of lower darkness + +Possible meanings are 1) "in chains in a very dark place" or 2) "in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until the judgment + +This refers to the day of judgment when God will judge every person. + +# he did not spare the ancient world + +Here the word "world" refers to the people who lived in it. AT: "he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he preserved Noah ... along with seven others + +God did not destroy Noah and seven other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world. + +# reduced the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes + +"burned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire until only ashes remained" + +# condemned them to destruction + +Here the word "them" refers to Sodom and Gomorrah and the people who lived in them. + +# as an example of what is to happen to the ungodly + +Sodom and Gomorrah serve as an example and a warning of what will happen to others who disobey God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/07.md b/2pe/02/07.md index 112c843222..f2d9d7c145 100644 --- a/2pe/02/07.md +++ b/2pe/02/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:judgmentday]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:trial]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Peter gives an example of Lot, whom God rescued out from among men who deserved punishment. -## translationNotes +# the sensual behavior of lawless people -* **And he rescued righteous Lot** - God delivered Lot, who lived morally. -* **who was constantly troubled by the behavior** - Lot was consistently troubled or harassed by the immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gamorrah. -* **men in lustfulness** - “men in wrongful sexual desire.” -* **that righteous man** - This refers to Lot being righteous. -* **godly men** - "men obedient to God" -* **tormented his righteous soul** - Troubled his inner self. -* **unrighteous men in custody** - The unrighteous men will not escape God's judgment. When they die they will be detained until judgement day. +"the immoral behavior of people who broke God's law" + +# that righteous man + +This refers to Lot. + +# was tormented in his righteous soul + +Here the word "soul" refers to Lot's thoughts and emotions. The immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gomorrah disturbed him emotionally. AT: "was greatly disturbed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/10.md b/2pe/02/10.md index 49b6fc11ec..45407330b0 100644 --- a/2pe/02/10.md +++ b/2pe/02/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +Peter begins describing the characteristics of unrighteous men. -## translationNotes +# This is especially true -* **This is especially true** - The word "this" refers God keeping unrighteous men in prison until judgment day in [[en:bible:notes:2pe:02:07]]. -* **those who continue in the corrupt desires of the flesh and despise authority** - The ungodly who continue to follow the sinful nature and resent rulers or those in charge. -* **the flesh** - The word “flesh” refers to the physical or sinful nature of human beings. -* **they are bold and self willed** - The word "they" refers to those who continue in the corrupt desires of their sinful nature and do not respect angels spiritual authority. -* **They are not afraid to blaspheme the glorious ones** - The ungodly are not afraid to insult and say evil things about angels. -* **Angels have greater strength and ability than all men** - Angels are physically stronger and have more authority, and influence than men. -* **but they do not bring insulting judgments against them to the Lord** - "but angels do not bring insulting judgments against these men to the Lord" +The word "this" refers to God keeping unrighteous men in prison until judgment day in [2 Peter 2:09](./07.md). + +# those who continue in the corrupt desires of the flesh + +Here the phrase "desires of the flesh" refers to the desires of the sinful nature. AT: "those who continue to indulge their corrupt, sinful desires" + +# despise authority + +"refuse to submit to God's authority." Here the word "authority" probably refers to God's authority. + +# authority + +Here "authority" stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# self-willed + +"do whatever they want to do" + +# the glorious ones + +This phrase refers to spiritual beings, such as angels or demons. + +# greater strength and power + +"more strength and power than the false teachers" + +# they do not bring insulting judgments against them + +The word "they" refers to angels. Possible meanings for the word "them" are 1) the glorious ones or 2) the false teachers. + +# bring insulting judgments against them + +The idea that angels could accuse them is spoken of as if they could attack them using accusations as weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/12.md b/2pe/02/12.md index aa9694d1dd..a5e9a00b80 100644 --- a/2pe/02/12.md +++ b/2pe/02/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# these mindless animals are naturally made -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "these mindless animals are naturally born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# these mindless animals -* **these mindless animals** - Just as animals can not reason, these men can not be reasoned with. AT: "these false teachers are like mindless animals" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They do no know what they insult** - They speak evil of what they do not know or understanding. -* **They will be destroyed.** - AT: "God will destroy these people" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They are harmed by the reward of their wrongdoing** - "what they think is good for them is actually bad for them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **They are stains and blemishes** - The words "stains" and "blemishes" share similar meanings. False teachers disgrace and dishonor and are like stains and blemishes that a person cannot easily remove. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **They enjoy their deceitful pleasures while they feast with you** - They continue in their pleasures deceiving the innocent while looking in their eyes and they do not feel guilt. -* **eyes full of adulterous women; they are never satisfied with sin** - "They lust after every woman that they see, and never have enough." -* **hearts trained in covetousness** - The "heart", representing the whole person, is trained in the thought and act of greediness. they wrongly desire wealth or possessions. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche -* ]]) +Just as animals cannot reason, these men cannot be reasoned with. AT: "these false teachers who are like mindless animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They do not know what they insult + +They speak evil of what they do not know or understand. + +# They will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will receive the reward of their wrongdoing + +Peter speaks of the punishment that the false teachers will receive as if it were a reward. AT: "They will receive what they deserve for their wrongdoing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# luxury during the day + +Here the word "luxury" refers to immoral activity that includes gluttony, drunkenness, and sexual activity. Doing these things during the day indicates that these people are not ashamed of this behavior. + +# They are stains and blemishes + +The words "stains" and "blemishes" share similar meanings. Peter speaks of the false teachers as if they were stains on a garment that cause shame for those who wear it. AT: "They are like stains and blemishes on clothes, which cause disgrace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# They have eyes full of adulterous women + +To have their "eyes full" means that they are obsessed with what they see. Possible meanings are 1) "They think of every woman whom they see as adulterous and want to sleep with her" or 2) "They are always looking for an adulterous woman to sleep with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they are never satisfied with sin + +Although they sin in order to satisfy their lusts, the sin that they commit never satisfies. + +# They entice unstable souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to persons. AT: "They entice unstable people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# hearts trained in covetousness + +Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have trained themselves to think and act out of covetousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# children of a curse + +The word "children" refers to those who have been cursed. AT: "they are people who are under God's curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/15.md b/2pe/02/15.md index 2602fb3225..840023ae1c 100644 --- a/2pe/02/15.md +++ b/2pe/02/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They have abandoned ... went astray ... have followed -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"False teachers have abandoned ... went astray ... have followed." False teachers have refused to be obedient to God because they have rejected what is right. -## translationNotes +# the right way -* **They have abandoned...went astray...have followed** - "false teachers have abandoned...went astray...have followed". False teachers have refused to be obedient to God by rejecting what is right. -* **who loved to receive payment for unrighteousness** - Accepted payment for immoral and sinful acts. -* **But he obtained a rebuke for his own transgression** - He was sternly corrected for his disobedience. -* **stopped the prophet's insanity** - God used a donkey to stop the prophet's foolish action. +Right behavior that honors God is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he obtained a rebuke + +You can specify it was God who rebuked Balaam. AT: "God rebuked him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# A mute donkey speaking in a human voice + +A donkey, which is naturally unable to speak, spoke with a voice like a human. + +# stopped the prophet's insanity + +God used a donkey to stop the prophet's foolish action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/17.md b/2pe/02/17.md index 254fee8fb8..9b5665627a 100644 --- a/2pe/02/17.md +++ b/2pe/02/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# These men are like springs without water -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Springs flowing with water promise refreshment for thirsty people, but "springs without water" will leave the thirsty disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# They are like clouds that a storm drives -* **these men are like springs without water** - Just as a spring that is dried up does not provide water for physical life, their teaching does not lead to spiritual life. "They are a false place of refreshing. An empty oasis." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **They are like clouds that a storm drives** - Storm clouds carry rain. This rain can bring nourishing water or destructive floods. These men are like those clouds carrying destruction. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **They speak with vain arrogance** - Their speech is boastful without meaning. -* **They entice people through the lusts of the flesh** - They appeal to the sinful nature to engage people in immoral and sinful actions. -* **They entice people who try to escape from those who live in error** - They try to destroy people who are new to the faith. -* **They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption** - They promise a false freedom, a freedom to sin for believers. But this is slavery to sin. -* **For a man is a slave to whatever overcomes him** - A man will pursue those desires he lacks self-control over. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +When people see storm clouds, they expect rain to fall. When the winds from the storm blow the clouds away before the rain can fall, the people are disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Thick darkness is reserved for them + +The word "them" refers to the false teachers. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has reserved thick darkness for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They speak with vain arrogance + +They use impressive but meaningless words. + +# They entice people through the lusts of the flesh + +They appeal to the sinful nature to engage people in immoral and sinful actions. + +# people who try to escape ... promise freedom ... slaves of corruption + +Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# people who try to escape from those who live in error + +This phrase refers to people who recently became believers. The phrase "those who live in error" refers to unbelievers who still live in sin. AT: "people who try to live rightly, instead of living sinfully as they used to and as other people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption + +"The false teachers promise freedom to these people, but the false teachers themselves are slaves of corruption." The false teachers promise people that they can help them to stop sinning, but the false teachers themselves cannot stop sinning. + +# For a man is a slave to whatever overcomes him + +Peter speaks of a person as a slave when anything has control over that person, and that thing as the master of that person. AT: "For if something has control over a person, that person becomes like a slave to that thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/20.md b/2pe/02/20.md index eb8ed90272..250db73d2a 100644 --- a/2pe/02/20.md +++ b/2pe/02/20.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the defilements of the world -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:pig]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +The word "defilements" refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. The "world" refers to human society. AT: "the defiling practices of sinful human society" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ -* **Whoever escapes the defilements of the world through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ** - Any person that has accepted the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ and turned from unclean and unholy living. -* **it has become for them worse than at the first** - They are worse off because they have knowledge of holy living and have chosen to return to a life of sin. -* **have known the way of righteousness** - Living a life pleasing to God. -* **holy commandment delivered to them** - God's rules and laws given to them so they would know how to live for God. -* **This proverb...a dog returns to its own vomit. A washed pig returns to the mud.** - A wise saying that is comparing how those that know the truth but returns to ungodly living. "A dog returns to its own vomit" refers to Proverbs 26:11. In either case the meaning is "the animal is unable to be trained not to defile itself." +You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. See how you translated similar phrases in [2 Peter 1:2](../01/01.md). AT: "by knowing the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the last state has become worse for them than the first state + +"their condition is worse than it was before" + +# the way of righteousness + +Peter speaks of life as a "way" or path. This phrase refers to living a life that is according to God's will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the holy commandment delivered to them + +This can be stated in active terms. AT: "the holy commandment that God delivered to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This proverb is true for them + +"This proverb applies to them" or "This proverb describes them" + +# A dog returns to its own vomit. A washed pig returns to the mud + +Peter uses two proverbs to illustrate how the false teachers, although they have known "the way of righteousness," have turned back to the things that make them morally and spiritually impure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/intro.md b/2pe/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..652327cc95 --- /dev/null +++ b/2pe/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Peter 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "It has become for them worse than at the first." ##### +From the context, "them" probably refers to false teachers. These people were not Christians but came to hear the gospel message and understood it enough to further their own selfish desires. It is unlikely this passage teaches that Christians who begin to live sinful lives will lose their salvation because of their actions. This is because all Christians remain sinful after they are saved. The context favors this passage as referencing unsaved false teachers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +##### Implicit knowledge ##### +There are several analogies that are difficult to understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Further explanation may be necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Peter 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/01.md b/2pe/03/01.md index c0357db746..949a8a6c3c 100644 --- a/2pe/03/01.md +++ b/2pe/03/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] +Peter begins to talk about the last days. -## translationNotes +# to stir up your sincere mind -* **Now, I write to you, beloved, this second letter to arouse your sincere mind** - Peter changes his discussion and now reminds his audience that this is his second letter to them to excite their faithful thinking and actions. -* **so that you may recall the words said before ** - The reason is to refresh their memories of the teachings by the apostles, the words of holy prophets and commands of Jesus. +Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. AT: "to cause you to think pure thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the words spoken in the past by the holy prophets + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the words that the holy prophets spoke in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the command of our Lord and Savior given through your apostles + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the command of our Lord and Savior, which your apostles gave to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/03.md b/2pe/03/03.md index 03869091a3..40f73df337 100644 --- a/2pe/03/03.md +++ b/2pe/03/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Know this first -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +"Know this as the most important thing." See how you translated this in [2 Peter 1:20](../01/19.md). -## translationNotes +# proceed according to their own desires -* **Know this first** - "this is most important to understand" -* **"Where is the promise of his return?** - The mockers are being sarcastic in asking this and are not expecting an answer. AT: "The promise that Jesus would return is not true." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **all things remain the same since the beginning of creation** - This is in reference to the basic order of life since the fall of man. People are born and people die. They marry and are given in marriage. There is continued fighting and sin. AT: "life's hardships remains the same since the beginning, the reign of the Messiah has not come to make our life easy". (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here the word "desires" refers to sinful desires that are opposed to God's will. AT: "live according to their own sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# proceed + +act, behave + +# Where is the promise of his return? + +The mockers ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not believe that Jesus will return. The word "promise" refers to the fulfillment of the promise that Jesus will return. AT: "The promise that Jesus would return is not true! He will not return!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# our fathers fell asleep + +Here "fathers" refers to ancestors who lived long ago. "Fell asleep" is an idiom that means they died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all things have stayed the same, since the beginning of creation + +The mockers exaggerate with the word "all", and they argue that since nothing in the world has ever changed, it cannot be true that Jesus will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# since the beginning of creation + +This can be translated as a verbal phrase. AT: "since God created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/05.md b/2pe/03/05.md index 9cdfe17335..48b7a11450 100644 --- a/2pe/03/05.md +++ b/2pe/03/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the heavens and the earth came to exist ... long ago, by God's command -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God established the heavens and the earth ... long ago by his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# came to exist out of water and through water -* **They wilfully forget this** - mockers say that nothing has changed since the creation and they purposely choose to forget. -* **that the heavens and the earth were established out of water and through water, long ago, by the word of God** - "God spoke and the heavens existed and the earth came out of the water and also separated by water" -* **and that through his word and the water the world at that time, being flooded, was destroyed** - "The same word that God used to create the world he used to destroy the existing world with a flood" -* **that same word** - "the word of God" -* **and that the heavens and the earth are reserved by that same word for fire** - "God's word is reserving the heavens and earth for fire." -* **being reserved for the day of judgment and the destruction of the ungodly people** - Heavens and earth are being kept until God judges the ungodly people. +This means that God caused the land to come up out of the water, gathering the bodies of water together to make the land appear. + +# through these things + +Here "these things" refers to God's word and water. + +# the world of that time was destroyed, being flooded with water + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God flooded the world that existed at that time with water and destroyed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the heavens and the earth are reserved for fire by that same command + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God, by that same word, has reserved the heavens and the earth for fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that same command + +Here "command" stands for God, who will give the command: AT "God, who will give a similar command" + +# They are reserved for the day of judgment + +This can be stated in active form and can begin a new sentence. AT: "He is reserving them for the day of judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the day of judgment and the destruction of the ungodly people + +This can be stated with verbal phrases. AT: "for the day when he judges and destroys ungodly people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/08.md b/2pe/03/08.md index f326f0b2fd..7e7f75e10b 100644 --- a/2pe/03/08.md +++ b/2pe/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It should not escape your notice -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +"You should not fail to understand this" or "Do not ignore this" -## translationNotes +# that one day with the Lord is like a thousand years -* **This should not escape your notice, beloved** - "Beloved, do not forget" -* **that one day with the Lord is like a thousand years, and a thousand years like one day** - God is not on a time schedule. -* ** as some consider slowness to be, but he is patient toward you** - Where some people may think God is slow in acting on His promises, He is practicing patience toward you. -* ** but he desire to allow time for all to repent** - God is giving everyone the time to repent before his judgement day. +"that from the Lord's point of view, one day is like a thousand years" + +# The Lord does not move slowly concerning his promises + +"The Lord does not move slowly to fulfill his promises" + +# as some consider slowness to be + +Some people think that the Lord is slow to fulfill his promises because their perspective of time is different than God's. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/10.md b/2pe/03/10.md index 283e4818fb..0e3fdd1830 100644 --- a/2pe/03/10.md +++ b/2pe/03/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# However -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Although the Lord is being patient and wants people to repent, he will indeed return and bring judgment. -## translationNotes +# the day of the Lord will come as a thief -* **However** - Although the Lord is being patient wants people to repent, he will return and bring judgment. -* **the day of the Lord will come as a thief** - Just as a thief does not announce that he is coming to rob a house, Jesus will appear unannounced. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **The heavens will pass away with a loud noise. The elements will be burned with fire** - Loud noise and fire are vivid descriptions of the destruction of heaven and earth. It will not escape anyone's attention! -* **the works in it will be judged** - God will judge all the good or bad things people have done. +Peter speaks of the day when God will judge everyone as if it were a thief who will unexpectedly and take people by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The heavens will pass away + +"The heavens will disappear" + +# The elements will be burned with fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will burn the elements with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The elements + +Possible meanings are 1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or 2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. + +# the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed + +God will see all the earth and all the deeds of everyone, and he will then judge everything. This can be stated in active terms. AT: "God will expose the earth and everything that people have done on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/11.md b/2pe/03/11.md index e8fd91a19f..181010fae4 100644 --- a/2pe/03/11.md +++ b/2pe/03/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Peter begins to tell the believers how they should live as they wait for the day of the Lord. -## translationNotes +# Since all these things will be destroyed in this way -* **all these things will be destroyed in this way** - "all things will be destroyed by fire" -* **what kind of people should you to be in respect to holy living and godliness?** - Peter challenges the Believers to think how they should be living a holy and godly life knowing that the earth and the deeds of people will be judged. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **However, we expect the new heavens and the new earth that he has promised** - Believers have hope and can be sure that the new heaven and new earth that the Lord has promised will come. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Since God will destroy all these things in this way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what kind of people should you be? + +Peter uses this rhetorical question to emphasize what he will say next, that they "should live holy and godly lives." AT: "you know what kind of people you should be." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the heavens will be destroyed by fire, and the elements will be melted in great heat + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will destroy the heavens by fire, and he will melt the elements in great heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the elements + +Possible meanings are 1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or 2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. See how you translated this in [2 Peter 3:10](./10.md). + +# where righteousness will dwell + +Peter speaks of "righteousness" as if it were a person. This is a metonym for people who are righteous. AT: "where righteous people will dwell" or "where people will live righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/14.md b/2pe/03/14.md index 5823f3c934..daad4651fd 100644 --- a/2pe/03/14.md +++ b/2pe/03/14.md @@ -1,24 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# do your best to be found spotless and blameless before him, in peace -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "do your best to live in a way so that God will find you spotless and blameless, and be at peace with him and each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# spotless and blameless -* **do your best to be found spotless and blameless** - The words "spotless" and "blameless" mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. AT: "do your best to have God find you completely pure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and to be found at peace with him** - "and to be at peace with God" -* **And consider the patience of our Lord to be salvation** - The Lord waits to grant eternal life to those who will believe in Jesus. -* **our beloved brother Paul** - A fellow apostle who also wrote to the believers that Peter is addressing. -* **according to the wisdom that was given to him** - AT: "According to the knowledge and understanding that God gave Paul" -* **Paul speaks of these things in all his letters** - "Paul speaks of the patience of God leading to salvation in all his letters" -* **in which there are things that are difficult to understand** - There are things in Paul's letter that is not easy to know the meaning of. -* **Undisciplined and unstable men distort these things** - Ungodly men give false representation of the things of the last days as well as distorting other scripture and will be judged for this. +The words "spotless" and "blameless" mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. AT: "completely pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# spotless + +Here this stands for "faultless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# consider the patience of our Lord to be salvation + +Because the Lord is patient, the day of judgment has not yet happened. This gives people an opportunity to repent and be saved, as he explained in [2 Peter 3:9](./08.md). AT: "Also, think about the patience of our Lord as giving you an opportunity to repent and be saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# according to the wisdom that was given to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "according to the wisdom that God gave to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Paul speaks of these things in all his letters + +"Paul speaks of the patience of God leading to salvation in all his letters" + +# in which there are things that are difficult to understand + +There are things in Paul's letters that are difficult to understand. + +# Ignorant and unstable men distort these things + +Ignorant and unstable men misinterpret the things that are difficult to understand in Paul's letters. + +# Ignorant and unstable + +"Unlearned and unsteady." These men have not been taught how to properly interpret scripture and are not well established in the truth of the gospel. + +# to their own destruction + +"resulting in their own destruction" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/17.md b/2pe/03/17.md index f5b9d032a1..52238a7620 100644 --- a/2pe/03/17.md +++ b/2pe/03/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] +Peter finishes instructing the believers and ends his letter. -## translationNotes +# since you know about these things -* **Therefore, beloved, since you know these things** - The truth about the patience of God and the teachings of these false teachers. -* ** guard yourselves** - "Be aware and protect yourself" -* **you lose your own faithfulness** - You start doubting your faith in Jesus Christ. -* **But grow in...** - Peter describes how the believers are to grow in their faithfulness and guard against the false teachers. +"These things" refers to the truths about the patience of God and the teachings of these false teachers. + +# guard yourselves + +"protect yourselves" + +# so that you are not led astray by the deceit of lawless people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that lawless people do no lead you astray with their deceitful words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# led astray ... deceit + +Being persuaded to disobey God is spoken of as it were being led off the right path to follow. Deceitful or false teachings are spoken of as if they were someone who could lead another person off the right path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you lose your own faithfulness + +Faithfulness is spoken of as if it were a possession that believers could lose. AT: "you stop being faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ + +Here growing in the grace and knowledge of the Lord represents experiencing his grace more and knowing him more. The abstract noun "grace" can be expressed with the phrase "act kindly." AT: "receive more of the grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and know him more" or "be more aware of how our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ acts kindly toward you, and know him better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/intro.md b/2pe/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2ab336c89e --- /dev/null +++ b/2pe/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Peter 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fire ##### +Fire is related to destruction and, because of this, it is associated with punishment. + +##### Day of the Lord ##### +The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will come as a surprise to the world. This is what the simile "like a thief in the night" means. Because of this, Christians are to be prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Peter 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/front/intro.md b/2pe/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03640b8a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/2pe/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Peter # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 2 Peter #### + +1. Introduction (1:1-2) +1. Reminder to live good lives because God has enabled us to (1:3-21) +1. Warning against false teachers (2:1-22) +1. Encouragement to prepare for the second coming of Jesus (3:1-17) + +#### What is the Book of 2 Peter about? #### + +Peter wrote this letter in order to encourage believers to live good lives and to warn them not to follow false teachers. He told them to ignore people who were saying that Jesus was taking too long to return. Instead, he pointed out that God is not slow but wants everyone to be saved. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 Peter" or "Second Peter." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Second Letter from Peter" or "The Second Letter Peter Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 2 Peter? #### + +The letter of 2 Peter states that it was written by the Apostle Peter. Peter probably wrote the letter near the end of his life. He was probably in prison in Rome and facing imminent death. Peter calls this letter his second letter, so we can date it after 1 Peter. He addresses the letter to all Christians. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why were false teachers a problem in the early church? #### + +False teachers were a problem for the early church for two reasons. First, the New Testament was not yet complete, and the Christians probably had poor access to what New Testament writings did exist. Because of this, it was easy for false teachers to lead believers astray. Second, there was very little knowledge of true Christian teachings in the world. This lack of knowledge was certainly an advantage for false teachers. + +#### What does it mean that God inspired Scripture? #### + +The doctrine of Scripture is a very important one. 2 Peter helps readers to understand that while each writer of Scripture has his own distinct way of writing, God is the true author of Scripture. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### + +In this book, the word "I" refers to Peter. Also, the word "you" is always plural and refers to the believers who may read this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Peter? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 2 Peter: + +* "to be kept in chains in deep darkness until the judgment." (2:4) The ULB, UDB, and many versions have this reading. Other versions have, "to be kept in pits of lower darkness until the judgment." If other versions exist in the translators' region, they might consider following those versions' reading in this passage. +* "They enjoy their deceitful actions while they are feasting with you." (2:13) The ULB, UDB, and many versions have this reading. Other versions have, "They enjoy their actions while they are feasting with you in love feasts." +* "Beor" (2:15). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some other versions have the reading, "Bosor." +* "The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed." (3:10) The ULB, UDB, and many versions have this reading. Other versions have, "The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be burned up." If other versions exist in the translators' region, they might consider following those versions' readings in this passage. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/01.md b/2sa/01/01.md index 77e9dd5d0a..a78fa8fe12 100644 --- a/2sa/01/01.md +++ b/2sa/01/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ziklag -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite|Amalek, Amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] +This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# On the third day -* **with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head** - Tearing one's clothes and putting dirt on one's head is an act of mourning humbling oneself. -* **he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself** - This was an act of this man humbling himself before David who was now the king of Israel. +"After three days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head + +In this culture, tearing one's own clothes and putting dirt on one's head was an act of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself + +This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/03.md b/2sa/01/03.md index 805fdb64cb..b3ed9d4c08 100644 --- a/2sa/01/03.md +++ b/2sa/01/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Many have fallen and many are dead -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Many have fallen and many are dead** - Possible meanings are 1) "Many were wounded and many were killed" or 2) "many were wounded and killed". +Possible meanings are 1) "Many were wounded and many were killed" or 2) "Many were wounded and killed." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/06.md b/2sa/01/06.md index 3f3bc44841..9884e1b0e5 100644 --- a/2sa/01/06.md +++ b/2sa/01/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# By chance I happened to be -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul. -## translationNotes +# Saul was leaning on his spear -* **Saul was leaning on his spear** - The phrase, "leaning on his spear," means Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or 2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/08.md b/2sa/01/08.md index 1ef4b3a9aa..07c2790800 100644 --- a/2sa/01/08.md +++ b/2sa/01/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to me, 'Who are you?' I answered him, 'I am an Amalekite.' -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:crown|crown]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] +These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. AT: "He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# I am an Amalekite -* **I am an Amalekite** - These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:01:01]]. +These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:01](./01.md). + +# great suffering has taken hold of me + +Saul's suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. AT: "I am suffering terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# life is still in me + +This idiom means he is still alive. AT: "I am still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he would not live after he had fallen + +"he would die anyway" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/11.md b/2sa/01/11.md index a2ef999b02..08c4748331 100644 --- a/2sa/01/11.md +++ b/2sa/01/11.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# David tore his clothes ... the men with him did the same -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:fast|fast]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan|Jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# for the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel -* **David tore his clothes** - David tore his clothes as a sign of mourning the death of King Saul. -* **the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel ** - These two phrases are very similar. They are emphasizing that all of Israel was being mourned. -* **fallen by the sword ** - This is a more polite way to say that many people died in battle. The phrase "by the sword" here means "combat." The word "fallen" means "died." AT: "died in combat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Both statements mean basically same thing. The word "house" is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel. But, both "people" and "house" probably are a synecdoche representing the soldiers of Israel. AT: "for the Israelite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# they had fallen by the sword + +Here "fallen" is a polite way of referring to being killed. Also, "sword" represents a battle. This here means "had been killed." AT: "they had died in battle" or "enemies had killed them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Where are you from? + +The man had already stated that he is an Amalekite in [2 Samuel 1:8](./08.md). David apparently asks the man to confirm this because of the serious judgment that David was going to pronounce on the man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/14.md b/2sa/01/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0e25825921..0000000000 --- a/2sa/01/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **"Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed king with your own hand?"** - David uses this question to rebuke the Amalekite. ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Yahweh’s anointed king** - This phrase refers to Saul. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your own hand** - This phrase means the Amalekite did something. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **struck him down, ** - This phrase means killed him. - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **your blood is on your head** - This phrase refers to the young man's own testimony that he killed the king of Israel,so he has now brought about his own imminent death. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) diff --git a/2sa/01/17.md b/2sa/01/17.md index 40ed77f745..4795d6407d 100644 --- a/2sa/01/17.md +++ b/2sa/01/17.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:gath|Gath]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised|uncircumcised, uncircumcision]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +David sings a song of mourning for Saul and Jonathan. -## translationNotes +# Song of the Bow -* David sings a song of mourning for Saul and Jonathan -* **book of Jashar** - The word "Jashar" means "upright;" this can be rendered AT:"book of the upright." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **"Your glory, Israel is dead, ** - The phrase "Your glory" is used here to refer to Saul. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the mighty** - The phrase "the mighty" refers to both Saul and Jonathan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **have fallen** - The word "fallen" here means "died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **streets of Ashkelon** - Ashkelon is one of the Philistine's major cities. -* **the daughters of the uncircumcised** - This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This was the title of the song. + +# which has been written in The Book of Jashar + +This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# The Book of Jashar + +The word "Jashar" means "upright." AT: "The Book of the Upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Your glory, Israel, is dead + +"Your glory" refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the mighty + +The phrase "the mighty" refers to both Saul and Jonathan. This nominal adjective is plural, and can be stated as "the mighty ones."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# have fallen + +The word "fallen" here means "died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Do not tell it in Gath ... do not proclaim it in the streets of Ashkelon + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Gath ... Ashkelon + +Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines' major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan. + +# so that the daughters of the Philistines may not rejoice ... so that the daughters of the uncircumcised may not celebrate + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the daughters of the uncircumcised + +This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/21.md b/2sa/01/21.md index d2736da5d4..21fa542012 100644 --- a/2sa/01/21.md +++ b/2sa/01/21.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Mountains of Gilboa -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +David speaks directly to the "Mountains of Gilboa" as if they were listening to his song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# let there not be dew or rain on you -* **Mountains of Gilboa** - The "Mountains of Gilboa" are addressed here as if they were alive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Let there not be dew or rain on you, ** - David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul who was God's anointed king. -* ** the shield of the mighty was defiled** - The "mighty" here is referring to Saul. It is defiled both by falling to the ground and by the king's blood being shed on it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil** - Saul's shield was made of leather; to care for the shield, one would have rubbed oil into it. AT: "No one will care for Saul's shield anymore." -* **From the blood of those who have been killed, from the bodies of the mighty, The bow of Jonathan did not turn back, And the sword of Saul did not return empty** - Saul and Jonathan are shown here to have been fierce and valiant warriors. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the sword of Saul did not return empty** - Saul killed many enemies with his sword before he was killed in battle. +David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul, who was God's anointed king. + +# the shield of the mighty was defiled + +The "mighty" here refers to Saul. The shield was defiled because it fell on the ground, and because the king's blood was shed on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil + +Saul's shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. AT: "No one will care for Saul's shield anymore" + +# From the blood of those who have been killed, from the bodies of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty + +Saul and Jonathan are shown here to have been fierce and valiant warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the sword of Saul did not return empty + +Saul's sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul's enemies that it killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/23.md b/2sa/01/23.md index 68888605f8..c69daf487d 100644 --- a/2sa/01/23.md +++ b/2sa/01/23.md @@ -1,27 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in their death they were not separated -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:clothed|clothe, clothed]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:eagle|eagle]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan|Jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +The phrase "were not separated" is used to emphasize that they were always together. AT: "even in death they were together" -## translationNotes +# They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. -* **they were not separated** - AT: "they were together" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **They were swifter than eagles, They were stronger than lions. ** - Saul and Jonathan were powerful warriors. ( See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Who clothed you in scarlet delicately, Who put ornaments of gold on your garments.** - “Who made it so you could have nicer clothes and wear jewelry.” These two phrases share similar meanings that focus on making a woman look pretty. This is how David describes King Saul's achievements for Israel. AT: "Who made your lives better." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Saul and Jonathan were spoken of as if they were faster than eagles and stronger than lions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who clothed you in scarlet as well as jewels, and who put ornaments of gold on your clothing + +"who provided you nice clothes and jewelry." These two phrases share similar meanings that describe providing the women with expensive, attractive clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/25.md b/2sa/01/25.md index de6c0257b6..a64d60f4b4 100644 --- a/2sa/01/25.md +++ b/2sa/01/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# How the mighty have fallen in the midst of the battle -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +This phrase is repeated in verse 27 to emphasize that Israel's best warriors are dead. AT: "The mighty men have died in battle" -## translationNotes +# the mighty -* **the mighty** - Here this phrase refers to Jonathan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **have fallen** - This is a more polite way to say "died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Jonathan is killed** - AT: "Jonathan was killed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **How the mighty have fallen, And the weapons of war perished** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. Jonathan and his weapons are lost to Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "mighty" is plural and may refer to only Saul and Jonathan, or to all of the soldiers of Israel. AT: "the mighty warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# have fallen + +This is a polite way to say "have died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Jonathan is killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jonathan has died in battle" or "The enemy has killed Jonathan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on your high places + +David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [2 Samuel 1:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# my brother Jonathan + +Here "brother" is used in the sense of a very close friend. + +# Your love to me was wonderful, exceeding the love of women + +Here "love" is used in the sense of friendship and loyalty. Jonathan's loyalty to David was even greater than the loyalty a woman has for her husband and children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/intro.md b/2sa/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d7642f5086 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 2 Samuel 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, songs and poems. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 1:19-27, which is a song. + +This chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's funeral song ##### +David praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Synecdoche ##### +David used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: "the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* **[2 Samuel intro](../front/intro.md) +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/01.md b/2sa/02/01.md index e1a6de6423..7922e10dcf 100644 --- a/2sa/02/01.md +++ b/2sa/02/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# After this -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:carmel|Carmel, Mount Carmel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:hebron|Hebron]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel|Jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle" -## translationNotes +# go up to one of the cities of Judah -* **After this** - After David mourned Saul and Jonathan's death in battle. -* **go up to one of the cities of Judah** - "travel to on of the cities of Judah" -* **David went up with his two wives, ** - "David travelled to Hebron with his two wives," +At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase "go up" because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. AT: "travel to one of the cities of Judah" + +# David went up with his two wives + +At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase "went up" because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. AT: "David traveled to Hebron with his two wives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/04.md b/2sa/02/04.md index 3b1202d55c..dc68a0ba3d 100644 --- a/2sa/02/04.md +++ b/2sa/02/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# anointed David king -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David's head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Judah -* **Jabesh Gilead** - Name of a place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "house" is used in the sense of "tribe." AT: "the tribe of Judah" + +# Jabesh Gilead + +This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/06.md b/2sa/02/06.md index b6d3d4468d..53bc6ebee3 100644 --- a/2sa/02/06.md +++ b/2sa/02/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +David speaks to the people of Jabesh Gilead. -## translationNotes +# this thing -* David speaks to the people of Jabesh Gilead. -* No notes in this chunk. +They buried Saul. + +# let your hands be strong + +Here "hands" refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. AT: "be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# anointed me king + +In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David's head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/08.md b/2sa/02/08.md index 80284b092f..ece9c0bf71 100644 --- a/2sa/02/08.md +++ b/2sa/02/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Ner ... Ishbosheth -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Mahanaim ... Gilead ... Jezreel -* **Ner, Ishbosheth** - Names of people (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mahanaim, Gilead, Jezreel** - Names of places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/10.md b/2sa/02/10.md index 976d81f5a1..b22a141f2b 100644 --- a/2sa/02/10.md +++ b/2sa/02/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Judah followed David -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Obeying David's rule is spoken of as "following" him. AT: "the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# house of Judah -* There are no notes in this chunk. +Here "house" is used to mean "tribe." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/12.md b/2sa/02/12.md index a4b58dcea7..f9672e773b 100644 --- a/2sa/02/12.md +++ b/2sa/02/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Abner ... Ner ... Ishbosheth ... Saul ... Zeruiah -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Abner... Ner... Ish Bosheth... Saul... Zeruiah** - These are the names of a men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/14.md b/2sa/02/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2bd3233d79..0000000000 --- a/2sa/02/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes in this chunk. diff --git a/2sa/02/16.md b/2sa/02/16.md index e76dcc5620..a4af9a8856 100644 --- a/2sa/02/16.md +++ b/2sa/02/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they fell down together -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is a polite way of saying they died. AT: "they both died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# Helkath Hazzurim -* **Helkath Hazzurim** - The name given to remind people what happened there (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they fell down together. ** - "they died together." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is a name given to remind people what happened there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The battle was very severe that day + +It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. AT: "Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/18.md b/2sa/02/18.md index 7a3f37fce4..5a4657f10c 100644 --- a/2sa/02/18.md +++ b/2sa/02/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Zeruiah ... Joab ... Abishai ... Asahel ... Abner -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Asahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle -* **Zeruiah... Joab... Abishai... Asahel... Abner** - These are the names of a men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Asahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle. ** - AT: "Ashahel could run very fast" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **wild gazelle** - This is a small four legged animal with two long horns on its head that run very fast. +Here Asahel is compared to a gazelle, an animal that runs very fast. AT: "Asahel could run very fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# wild gazelle + +This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast. + +# followed him without turning away in any direction + +Here "without turning away" is stated in negative form to emphasize how closely he followed Abner's path. AT: "followed him wherever he went" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/20.md b/2sa/02/20.md index b75368890a..9ce0be0893 100644 --- a/2sa/02/20.md +++ b/2sa/02/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Asahel -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:armor]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Turn aside to your right or to your left ... turn aside -* **Asahel** - The name of a man (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **seize one of the young men and take his armor** - The phrase means "fight with another and kill him."See: ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"Stop chasing me ... stop chasing Abner" + +# seize one of the young men and take his armor + +Abner was asking Asahel to kill and plunder another younger soldier who would not be as dangerous as Abner. He did not want to kill Asahel. AT: "fight with another soldier and take his equipment as plunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/22.md b/2sa/02/22.md index acaeafed0b..14b50e6a43 100644 --- a/2sa/02/22.md +++ b/2sa/02/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Why should I strike you to the ground? -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. "Strike to the ground" is a polite way of saying "to kill." AT: "I do not wish to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother? -* **turn aside ** - AT: "halt" or "stop chasing" -* **Why should I strike you to the ground?** - AT: "I do not wish to kill you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* ** How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother?** - This rhetorical question continues to emphasize how much Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it destroy Abner's relationship with Joab. AT:"I would not be able to maintain my friendship with your brother, Joab." or "If I come near your brother, Joab, he will have reason to kill me" or "I will be guilty and shamed before your brother, Joab." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner's relationship with Joab. Here "hold up my face to Joab" is an idiom that means that he would be too ashamed to look at Joab. AT: "I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# turn aside + +This means to "halt" or "stop chasing." + +# the blunt end of his spear + +This refers to the handle, which is not sharp or designed to pierce anything. It can be implied that Abner was only trying to stop Asahel from following him, and did not intend to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/24.md b/2sa/02/24.md index f5743dd9c4..c54bc769d8 100644 --- a/2sa/02/24.md +++ b/2sa/02/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Abishai -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon|Gibeon, Gibeonite]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# hill of Ammah ... Giah -* **Abishai** - The name of a man (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **hill of Ammah... Giah** - These are the names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/26.md b/2sa/02/26.md index eee0d559e3..697d10ca26 100644 --- a/2sa/02/26.md +++ b/2sa/02/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# called -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +"shouted" or "yelled" -## translationNotes +# Must the sword devour forever? -* **called to** - "shouted" or "yelled." -* **"Must the sword devour forever? ** - AT: "We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other." A "sword" cannot literally eat. When it is said to eat or "devour" it is taking part in warfare and killing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Do you not know it will be bitter in the end? How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers?** - AT: "This will not have a good ending, stop this now so that Israelite will not have to kill Israelite." Here "brother" is used to represent the members of the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] ) -* **as God lives** - This is a very strong vow. AT: "with God as my witness" or "God will affirm that I mean this thing I say." -* **if you had not said that** - This refers to what Abner has said to Joab about stopping the battle. +This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. Here "sword" refers to the fighting. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. AT: "We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do you not know it will be bitter in the end? + +This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Here "bitter" is a euphemism for the terrible suffering that would occur. AT: "You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers? + +This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Here "brother" is used to represent the members of the nation of Israel. AT: "Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Just as God lives + +This is a very strong vow. AT: "With God as my witness" or "God will affirm that I mean what I say" + +# if you had not said that ... pursued their brothers until the morning + +This hypothetical statement tells what might have happened if Abner had not spoken wisely to Joab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/28.md b/2sa/02/28.md index 0c86eb7835..5391c14650 100644 --- a/2sa/02/28.md +++ b/2sa/02/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# blew the trumpet -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:arabah|Arabah]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] +Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# did not pursue Israel -* **pursue Israel anymore** - "Israel" refers to the men who were fighting. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Arabah, Mahanaim** - These word are the names of a places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers. AT: "did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Arabah ... Mahanaim + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/30.md b/2sa/02/30.md index e9e92542d3..e8030b5951 100644 --- a/2sa/02/30.md +++ b/2sa/02/30.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Asahel -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem|Bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:bury|bury, buried]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:hebron|Hebron]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb, grave, burial place]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# 360 men of Benjamin with Abner -* **Asahel** - The name of a man (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **of Benjamin** - This phrase means "from the tribe of Benjamin." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"360 men from Benjamin who followed Abner." Abner did not die. + +# 360 men + +"three hundred and sixty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# of Benjamin + +This phrase means "from the tribe of Benjamin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# took up Asahel + +"carried Asahel's body with them" + +# the day dawned on them at Hebron + +"they arrived at Hebron by dawn the next morning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/intro.md b/2sa/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ce6f6e9864 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul's son and David. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Civil war ##### +There was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul's uncle (Abner) made Saul's son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab's brother, but David's army was victorious. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### +Abner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David's army. "Must the sword devour forever?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/01.md b/2sa/03/01.md index e846aefcb7..6a0c248e71 100644 --- a/2sa/03/01.md +++ b/2sa/03/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Samuel gives information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# house -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Samuel tells information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +Here "house" is used to mean "supporters." + +# grew stronger and stronger + +This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# grew weaker and weaker + +This metaphor means the number of people supporting Saul's family decreased. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/02.md b/2sa/03/02.md index eb5a7144ac..34907c5a7a 100644 --- a/2sa/03/02.md +++ b/2sa/03/02.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Sons were born to David -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:absalom|Absalom]] -* [[en:tw:amnon]] -* [[en:tw:amnon|Amnon]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:carmel|Carmel, Mount Carmel]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:hebron|Hebron]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel|Jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "David's wives gave birth to six sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# firstborn ... second son ... third -* **firstborn… second son… third son ** - numerical order of David's sons (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Ahinoam... Abigail... Maacah** - These are women's names. They are the wives of David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Chileab ... Nabal ... Talmai** - These are men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the numerical order of David's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ahinoam ... Abigail ... Maacah + +These are women's names. They are the wives of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kileab ... Nabal ... Talmai + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/04.md b/2sa/03/04.md index 2f354289db..3b76174894 100644 --- a/2sa/03/04.md +++ b/2sa/03/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# fourth son ... fifth son ... the sixth -* [[en:tw:adonijah]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] +This is the numerical order of David's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Adonijah ... Shephatiah ... Ithream -* **fourth son… fifth son… the sixth ** - numerical order of David's sons (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Shephatiah... Ithream** - These are the male names of David's sons. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Haggith... Abital.., Eglah** - These are female names of David's wives. +These are the names of David's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Haggith ... Abital ... Eglah + +These are names of David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/06.md b/2sa/03/06.md index f62fdb1343..3970f2efb3 100644 --- a/2sa/03/06.md +++ b/2sa/03/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:abner|Abner]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:concubine|concubine]] -* [[en:tw:houseofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between David's supporters and Saul's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# house of Saul -* **Rizpah... Aiah** - These are female names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ishbosheth** - This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to Saul's family and supporters who assumed control of his estate after he died. + +# house of David + +This refers to the supporters of David. + +# Abner made himself strong in the house of Saul + +Abner's increasing power over Saul's family is spoken of as if he became physically stronger. AT: "Abner gained more power over the family and supporters of Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Rizpah ... Aiah + +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ishbosheth + +This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Why have you slept with my father's concubine? + +Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. AT: "You did not have the right to sleep with my father's concubine!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# slept with + +This is a euphemism for sexual relations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/08.md b/2sa/03/08.md index 647216d806..0e858c3e86 100644 --- a/2sa/03/08.md +++ b/2sa/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Am I a dog's head that belongs to Judah? -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth's accusation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am not a traitor working for David!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Am I a dog's head that belongs to Judah? -* **"Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah?" ** - This is an insult. The dog is a foul creature which wanders masterless eating garbage and offal. AT: "Am I like a worthless person wandering Judah?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **And yet you accuse me about this woman today? ** - Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. AT: " And you find wrong in me what I have done with this woman?" or "And yet you blame me along with this woman today?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here "belongs to Judah" implies that Abner's loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul's house. AT: "Am I a traitor for Judah?" or "I am not a traitor working for David!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# into the hand of David + +Here "hand" represents the power to defeat. AT: "to be defeated by David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? + +Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. Possible meanings are 1) Abner was guilty. AT: "You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!" or 2) Abner was not guilty. AT: "You should not think that I have slept with this woman!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/09.md b/2sa/03/09.md index 48c25a680f..06e5dc4130 100644 --- a/2sa/03/09.md +++ b/2sa/03/09.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# May God do so to me ... and more also, if I do not -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba|Beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dan|Dan]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. AT: "I am asking God to punish me if I do not" -## translationNotes +# the house of Saul -* **throne of David** - This phrase represents the authority of David being king. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "house" refers to Saul's family and supporters who survived Saul's death. AT: "the family and supporters of Saul" + +# throne of David + +This phrase refers to the authority of David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/12.md b/2sa/03/12.md index 32ddfd8221..e57736480b 100644 --- a/2sa/03/12.md +++ b/2sa/03/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to David -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +Some versions add "when he was at Hebron" and others omit it. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -## translationNotes +# Whose land is this? -* **my hand is with you** - The word "hand" here represents Abner's assistance. AT: "you have my assistance" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Michal** - This is a female name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The original text of this question is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. AT: "This land is mine!" or 2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: AT: "This land rightfully belongs to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my hand is with you + +Here "hand" represents Abner's assistance that he is offering to David. AT: "I will assist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal + +David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here "face" refers to David himself. AT: "you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Michal + +This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David's first wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/14.md b/2sa/03/14.md index 07cac7ddf0..0bbce73a6b 100644 --- a/2sa/03/14.md +++ b/2sa/03/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# one hundred Philistine foreskins -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:abner|Abner]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +This represents the number of men David killed so that Saul would allow him to marry Michal. These men are represented here by their "foreskins." The "foreskin" is the fold of skin that covers the male reproductive organ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# took her from her husband -* **one hundred foreskins** - This represents the number of men killed by David for his wife. The "foreskin" is the fold of skin that covers the male reproductive organ. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Paltiel... Laish** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bahurim** - A village. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Paltiel was Michal's second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Paltiel ... Laish + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bahurim + +This is the name of a village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/17.md b/2sa/03/17.md index d4ffa3d3e2..9169f672e6 100644 --- a/2sa/03/17.md +++ b/2sa/03/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now do it -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"So now make David your king" -## translationNotes +# By the hand of my servant David -* **Now do it. ** - AT: "So now make David your king." -* **By the hand of my servant David** - The word "hand" here represents David's agency for Yahweh. AT: "My servant David will" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "hand" refers to David's power to defeat the Philistines. AT: "I will empower my servant David and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hand of the Philistines + +Here "hand" refers to power over Israel. AT: "the power of the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hand of all their enemies + +Here "hand" refers to power over Israel. AT: "the power of all of their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/19.md b/2sa/03/19.md index c3c4adcfcf..0add570c8f 100644 --- a/2sa/03/19.md +++ b/2sa/03/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the people of Benjamin ... the whole house of Benjamin -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:feast|feast]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:hebron|Hebron]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +Both of these statements refer to the descendants of Benjamin, who were one of the tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty of his men -* **Twenty of his men** - The number of men that came with Abner. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* ** the people of Benjamin... the whole house of Benjamin - ** - ** both of these statements refer to the tribe of Israel, descendants of Benjamin. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The number of men who came with Abner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/21.md b/2sa/03/21.md index b5fa05c079..bc9ad94f94 100644 --- a/2sa/03/21.md +++ b/2sa/03/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all Israel -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] +This phrase means "all of the nation of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# So David sent Abner away -* **all Israel** - This phrase means "all of the nation of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/22.md b/2sa/03/22.md index 8aa7b8feed..34466bbff5 100644 --- a/2sa/03/22.md +++ b/2sa/03/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# plunder -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +These are items taken from the enemy. -## translationNotes +# Abner was not with David in Hebron -* **plunder** - These are items taken from the enemy. -* **Ner ** - This is a male name; the grandfather of Saul. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Abner had already left to return home. + +# they told Joab + +"someone told Joab" + +# Ner + +This is a man's name. He is the grandfather of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/24.md b/2sa/03/24.md index d92973d4f9..e7dfe501ad 100644 --- a/2sa/03/24.md +++ b/2sa/03/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What have you done? -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] +Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. AT: "You should not have done this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why have you sent him away, and he is gone? -* **Why have you sent him away, and he is gone? ** - This question is asked to rebuke David's ignorance. AT:"Abner was here and you let him leave" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **well of Sirah** - This is the name of a place (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Abner was here and you let him leave!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not know ... everything you are doing? + +Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. AT: "Surely you know ... everything you are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# well of Sirah + +"Sirah" is the name of a place where the well was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/27.md b/2sa/03/27.md index eb33e40221..0c5a37ca85 100644 --- a/2sa/03/27.md +++ b/2sa/03/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the middle of the gate -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] +This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UDB implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner. -## translationNotes +# the blood of Asahel -* **blood of Asahel** - This phrase refers to the life of Asahel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Asahel** - This is name of a male person (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "blood" is associated with the death of Asahel. AT: "the death of Asahel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Asahel + +This is the name of a male person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/28.md b/2sa/03/28.md index e3dee93649..e535e54958 100644 --- a/2sa/03/28.md +++ b/2sa/03/28.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Ner ... Abishai ... Asahel -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon|Gibeon, Gibeonite]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the blood of Abner -* **Ner, Abishai ​and Asahel** - names of people ​(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the head of Joab and on all his father's house** - Here "​head ​of Joab" means "​Joab ​is responsible." ​The phrase "​all ​his father'​s house" refers to all the descendants ​of Joab'​s ​father. (See:​ [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "blood" refers to the death of Abner. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 3:27](./27.md). AT: "the death of Abner" or "the murder of Abner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fall on the head of Joab and on all his father's house + +This phrase means the results of the guilt will happen to Joab and his family as if something heavy had collapsed on them. AT: "always cause suffering for Joab and for all his father's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all his father's house + +Here "house" refers to descendants. AT: "all the descendants of Joab's father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May there never fail to be + +This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. AT: "May there always be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is killed by the sword + +Here "sword" refers to violent death. AT: "dies violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# goes without food + +"is hungry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/31.md b/2sa/03/31.md index bab1518acf..23570ffe21 100644 --- a/2sa/03/31.md +++ b/2sa/03/31.md @@ -1,21 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:bury|bury, buried]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth|sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb, grave, burial place]] +These were symbolic actions to demonstrate their grief and sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# The king wept and cried loudly -* **The king wept and cried loudly** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **The king wept** - refers to King David who mourned or cried. -* **all the people** - This phrase refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "wept" and "cried loudly" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much David mourned for Abner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/33.md b/2sa/03/33.md index b9e20ed65a..3743902526 100644 --- a/2sa/03/33.md +++ b/2sa/03/33.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Should Abner die as a fool dies? -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:unjust|unjust, unjustly, injustice]] +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was not fair. AT: "Abner should not have died in disgrace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Your hands were not bound. Your feet were not shackled -* **Should Abner die as a fool dies?** - This question emphasizes how wrong Abner's death was. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the sons of injustice ** - "the wrongdoers" referring to Joab and his group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The people** - This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two sentences express similar ideas. They can be combined into one sentence. AT: "You were in no way a criminal in prison" or "You were completely innocent of doing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Your hands were not bound + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one had tied your hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your feet were not shackled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one had attached your feet to chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sons of injustice + +This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. AT: "wicked men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/35.md b/2sa/03/35.md index eca80898a2..a01ea2d248 100644 --- a/2sa/03/35.md +++ b/2sa/03/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# All the people came -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. AT: "Many people came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# May God do so to me, and more also, if -* **All the people came** - This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. AT: "I am asking God to punish me if" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/37.md b/2sa/03/37.md index aad59e918a..4348b6cd58 100644 --- a/2sa/03/37.md +++ b/2sa/03/37.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness ]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here "fallen" is a euphemism that means "died." It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# a prince and a great man -* ** Do you know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel?** - David asks this question to emphasize his grief over the death of Abner. The phrase "has fallen" is used here as a polite way of saying "was killed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Ner, Zeruiah** - These are a male names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* ** brutal ** - AT: "without mercy" +These two phrases both refer to Abner. AT: "a great prince" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# Ner ... Zeruiah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# brutal + +"without mercy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/intro.md b/2sa/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bee055c81a --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Samuel 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, songs and poems. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 3:33-34, which is part of a song. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +David never wanted to hurt Saul's family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/01.md b/2sa/04/01.md index 3c20f94766..b1812806e0 100644 --- a/2sa/04/01.md +++ b/2sa/04/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Ishbosheth ... Baanah ... Recab ... Rimmon -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# his hands became weak -* **Ish Bosheth... Banal... Rechab... Rimmon** - These are male names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **his hands became weak** - This phrase represents Ish Bosheth. AT: "Ish Bosheth became weak" or "Ish Bosheth lost all strength." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **(for Beeroth is also considered part of Benjamin, 3and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have been living there until this very time.)** - Here the author provides some background explanation. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Beeroth... Gittaim** - These are the names of places. +In this phrase "his hands" represents Ishbosheth. AT: "Ishbosheth became weak" or "Ishbosheth lost all strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Now Saul's son had two men ... this very time + +This introduces the men Baanah and Rechab in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# for Beeroth is also considered part of Benjamin, and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have been living there until this very time + +Here the author provides background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Beeroth ... Gittaim + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/04.md b/2sa/04/04.md index 3f0d9f23ce..2e0d375bf0 100644 --- a/2sa/04/04.md +++ b/2sa/04/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This verse pauses the main story to provide background information about Mephibosheth, a descendent of Saul through Jonathan instead of through Ishbosheth. Mephibosheth will become an important character later in the book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# crippled in his feet -* **five years old** - the age of Jonathan's son at the time of his father's death (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **crippled in his feet ** - This phrase means "unable to walk." -* **nurse** - a woman or girl who is hired to look after young children. -* **became lame** - This indicates that Mephibosheth was further injured so he was unable to walk. -* **Mephibosheth** - This is the male name of Jonathan's young son, the grandson of Saul (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This phrase means "unable to walk." + +# five years old + +This was the age of Jonathan's son at the time of his father's death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the news about Saul and Jonathan + +This refers to the news about their death. + +# nurse + +This is a woman or girl who is hired to care for young children. + +# became lame + +This explains how Mephibosheth was injured so he was unable to walk. + +# Mephibosheth + +This is the name of Jonathan's young son, the grandson of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/05.md b/2sa/04/05.md index d484a548cc..a25ed1095a 100644 --- a/2sa/04/05.md +++ b/2sa/04/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rimmon]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +The story returns to the actions of Rechab and Baanah who were introduced in [2 Samuel 4:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# the heat of the day -* **the heat of the day** - The middle of the day, the part of the day when it is the hottest. +the middle of the day, the part of the day when it is the hottest + +# sifting wheat + +"cleaning chaff from wheat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/08.md b/2sa/04/08.md index a4be60dec6..1f76f9c8e5 100644 --- a/2sa/04/08.md +++ b/2sa/04/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# sought your life -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descend]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:reward|reward]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This idiom means "was trying to kill you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# As Yahweh lives -* **As Yahweh lives** - This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. AT: "I swear on the life of Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. AT: "I swear on the life of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who delivered my life + +Here "life" refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. AT: "who rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/11.md b/2sa/04/11.md index 54adead8a7..b1a31cfea0 100644 --- a/2sa/04/11.md +++ b/2sa/04/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# How much more ... should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth? -* [[en:tw:abner]] -* [[en:tw:abner|Abner]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:bury|bury, buried]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# require his blood from your hand -* **require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?" ** - These two phrase have similar meaning and are combined for emphasis. Both these phrases are polite ways to say "I will kill you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **his blood from your hand** - In this phrase "his blood" represents the life of Ishbosheth and "from your hand" represents Rehab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite from [[en:bible:notes:2sa:04:05]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The phrase "his blood" represents the life of Ishbosheth. Here "from your hand" represents Rechab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, introduced in [2 Samuel 4:5](./05.md). AT: "hold you responsible for the death of Ishbosheth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cut off their hands and feet and hung them up + +These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they took the head of Ishbosheth and buried it in the grave + +This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. AT: "they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/intro.md b/2sa/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89fbc99eca --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +While the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1-4). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David and Ishbosheth ##### +David never sought revenge against Saul's family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth's room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +When two men brought Ishbosheth's head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: "should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/01.md b/2sa/05/01.md index 30a3e0be60..b3adad4780 100644 --- a/2sa/05/01.md +++ b/2sa/05/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# we are your flesh and bone -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase means "a relative." AT: "we are related to you" or "we are of the same family" - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# In the recent past -* **we are your flesh and bone ** - This phrase means "relative." AT:"we are related to you" or "we are of the same family." - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **In the recent past** - This is historical information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **you** - Here this refers to David. (See: [[ en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_youformal]]) -* **shepherd my people Israel, ...ruler over Israel** - These two phrase have similar meanings and are combined here for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become ruler over Israel + +These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You will shepherd my people Israel + +Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. AT: "You will care for my people Israel" or "You will rule over my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/03.md b/2sa/05/03.md index d30f398905..dc0af4a45b 100644 --- a/2sa/05/03.md +++ b/2sa/05/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They anointed David king over Israel -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* No translation notes in this chunk. +To "anoint" is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/06.md b/2sa/05/06.md index 8fe3bff376..9e0e47ff03 100644 --- a/2sa/05/06.md +++ b/2sa/05/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +David and the army of Israel attack Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# You will not come here except to be turned away by the blind and the lame -* David and the army of Israel go to Jerusalem -* **the blind and the lame** - those people who can not see or walk. +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away" + +# the blind and the lame + +Here "the blind" and "the lame" are nominal adjectives. AT: "those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/08.md b/2sa/05/08.md index 891980eb83..cfd79347d4 100644 --- a/2sa/05/08.md +++ b/2sa/05/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# David said, "Those who attack the Jebusites -* [[en:tw:Life]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +David was speaking to his soldiers. AT: "David said to his soldiers, 'Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people" -## translationNotes +# The 'blind and the lame' -* **The Millo** - This is a fortress on a man-made hill. -* ** the lame and the blind ** - This refers to the people inside the city of Jerusalem, the Jebusites.(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or 2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/11.md b/2sa/05/11.md index 31b8bcd65a..189d68d31a 100644 --- a/2sa/05/11.md +++ b/2sa/05/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Hiram -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# carpenters -* **Hiram** - This is a male name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **carpenters** - those who work with wood -* **masons** - those who work with stone or brick +those who work with wood + +# masons + +those who work with stone or brick \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/13.md b/2sa/05/13.md index cfe6b6ab74..709f568a7b 100644 --- a/2sa/05/13.md +++ b/2sa/05/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Shammua ... Shobab ... Nathan ... Solomon ... Ibhar ... Elishua ... Nepheg ... Japhia ... Elishama ... Eliada ... Eliphelet -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +These are the names of David's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# more sons and daughters were born to him -* **Shammua... Shobab... Nathan... Solomon... Ibhar... Elishua... Nepheg... Japhia... Elishama... Eliada... Eliphelet** - These are male names of David's sons. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he had more sons and daughters" or "they bore him more sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who were born to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that his wives bore for him" or "he had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/17.md b/2sa/05/17.md index 5ad0d9f692..56cd34043f 100644 --- a/2sa/05/17.md +++ b/2sa/05/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# David had been anointed as king over Israel -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Israel had anointed David as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# they all went out looking for him -* **they all went out looking for him** - This phrase refers to the Philistines looking for David. It uses exaggeration to show how much the Philistines wanted to find David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Valley of Rephaim** - This is the name of a place.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] ) +Here "all" is a generalization that means the Philistine army. AT: "the Philistine army went looking for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Valley of Rephaim + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/19.md b/2sa/05/19.md index d1df3878d3..32848cad17 100644 --- a/2sa/05/19.md +++ b/2sa/05/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Baal Perazim -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh has burst through my enemies before me like a bursting flood of water -* **Baal Perazim** - This is the name of a place (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Yahweh has burst through my enemies before me like a bursting flood of water ** - Here the victory that Yahweh brings is compared to water overcoming its banks and covering the land and the destruction that causes." AT: "Yahweh had overwhelmed my enemies like a flood overwhelms the land." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here David speaks of the victory that Yahweh brought as if it were a flood of water that overflowed its banks and covered the land, causing destruction. AT: "Yahweh has overwhelmed my enemies like a flood overwhelms the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/22.md b/2sa/05/22.md index 7975184202..4a1e08d78e 100644 --- a/2sa/05/22.md +++ b/2sa/05/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the Philistines came up again -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +They "came up" because the Philistines lived at a lower elevation than David's stronghold. -## translationNotes +# Valley of Rephaim -* **Valley of Rephaim** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **balsam woods** - "Balsam" is a type of tree and the "woods" are many such trees growing together. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# balsam woods + +"Balsam" is a type of tree, and the "woods" describe many balsam trees growing together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/24.md b/2sa/05/24.md index ea7eefb6eb..55858b98ff 100644 --- a/2sa/05/24.md +++ b/2sa/05/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When you hear ... Yahweh will have gone out before you to attack the army of the Philistines -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the continuation of Yahweh's instruction to David that began in [2 Samuel 5:23](./22.md). Yahweh here speaks of himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# When you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops -* **Geba and Gezar** - These are the names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. AT: "When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Geba ... Gezer + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/intro.md b/2sa/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..61c53d8f6b --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 2 Samuel 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This records the beginning of the kingdom's expansion. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David conquers Jerusalem ##### +David brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God. + +##### David consulting God ##### +David always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/01.md b/2sa/06/01.md index 613942951c..77f082eb52 100644 --- a/2sa/06/01.md +++ b/2sa/06/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This word marks a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# all the chosen men of Israel -* **all the chosen men of Israel** - This refers to the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Baalah** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **enthroned** - to sit on a throne or a place of authority. -* ** who sits enthroned over the cherubim ** - AT: "who sits in his place of authority between the cherubim" +This metonym represents the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# thirty thousand + +"30,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# from Baalah in Judah to bring up from there the ark of God + +It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. AT: "from Baalah in Judah to take to Jerusalem the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to bring up from there the ark of God + +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. + +# to bring up + +The word "bring" can be translated as "take." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Baalah + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# which is called by the name of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh's name was written on the ark. + +# who sits enthroned over the cherubim + +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# enthroned + +to sit on a throne \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/03.md b/2sa/06/03.md index 9678270cdb..2c13aff34f 100644 --- a/2sa/06/03.md +++ b/2sa/06/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:lute|lute, lyre]] +David and the army of the nation of Israel move the ark of the covenant. -## translationNotes +# Abinadab ... Uzzah ... Ahio -* David and the army of the nation of Israel move the Ark of the Covenant -* **Abinadab.. Uzzah... Ahio** - These are male names of people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **house of Israel** - This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **tambourines, rattles, and cymbals** - these are musical instruments +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the house of Israel + +This metonym represents the people of Israel. AT: "all the other Israelites with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tambourines + +A tambourine is a musical instrument like the head of a drum with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken or hit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# rattles + +musical instruments with many small, hard objects inside a hard shell, making rhythmic noise when shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/06.md b/2sa/06/06.md index 2d1f046585..4a34baab29 100644 --- a/2sa/06/06.md +++ b/2sa/06/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Nakon -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# anger of Yahweh burned -* **Nacon** - This is the male name of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **anger of Yahweh burned** - Here the "anger of Yahweh" is spoken of as it it were fire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the "anger of Yahweh" is spoken of as if it were fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for his sin + +It was a sin for Uzzah to touch the ark because Yahweh had commanded that no one should touch the ark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/08.md b/2sa/06/08.md index 19778521fe..db9355b964 100644 --- a/2sa/06/08.md +++ b/2sa/06/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Perez Uzzah -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, "The name 'Perez Uzzah' means 'the punishment of Uzzah.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# to this day -* **Perez Uzzah** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This means to the time when this was being written, not to the present time in the twenty-first century. + +# How can the ark of Yahweh come to me? + +David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. AT: "I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/10.md b/2sa/06/10.md index 5d74943f61..2c762287f3 100644 --- a/2sa/06/10.md +++ b/2sa/06/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Obed Edom the Gittite -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:household]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# blessed him -* **Obed Edom the Gittite** - This is the male name of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "him" refers to Obed Edom the Gittite. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/12.md b/2sa/06/12.md index 0d994a57c1..d597d1ca0f 100644 --- a/2sa/06/12.md +++ b/2sa/06/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +This word starts a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# King David was told -* **brought up the ark of God** - The route was upward to the highest place of that region. AT: "Moved the ark of God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people told King David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Obed Edom's house + +Here "house" represents a family. AT: "Obed Edom and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# brought up the ark of God + +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. AT: "moved the ark of God" or "took the ark of God." + +# brought up + +The word "brought" can be translated as "took." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/14.md b/2sa/06/14.md index 2e61a6728c..1ba0985ec6 100644 --- a/2sa/06/14.md +++ b/2sa/06/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# David danced before Yahweh with all his might -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:ephod|ephod]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] +Dancing here is a form of joyfully worshiping Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# linen -* **David danced before Yahweh with all his might** - Dancing here is a form of worship of Yahweh. -* **linen** - a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant -* **all the house of Israel ** - There were only 30,000 men with David, the whole nation is not with him. Here this smaller group represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant + +# all the house of Israel + +Here "house" represents the people of Israel. AT: "all the other Israelites with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/16.md b/2sa/06/16.md index ddfcc29d89..ea7f518df7 100644 --- a/2sa/06/16.md +++ b/2sa/06/16.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now ... in her heart -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering|fellowship offering, peace offering]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The word "Now" marks a break in the storyline. Here the narrator gives information about Michal. -## translationNotes +# Michal -* **Michal** - This is the female name of David's wife (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **despised him in her heart** - Michal did not share David's joy over the arrival of the ark of the covenant in Jerusalem. AT: "didn't agree with him" or "she disliked his joy." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **her heart** - The word "heart" here represents Michal. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Michal was the daughter of King Saul and also David's first wife. See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/12.md). + +# she despised him in her heart + +Here "heart" represents thoughts or emotions. AT: "she looked at him with disdain" or "she sneered at him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/18.md b/2sa/06/18.md index 7b41a34aa6..59003e68a7 100644 --- a/2sa/06/18.md +++ b/2sa/06/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh of hosts -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +To bless "in the name of Yahweh of hosts" means to bless with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# cake of raisins -* **the whole multitude of Israel, both to men and women ** - "Israel" here is a shortened name for nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **cake of raisins** - a baked sweetbread made with dried grapes. +a baked sweet bread made with dried grapes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/20.md b/2sa/06/20.md index 12d0fc4181..7374756643 100644 --- a/2sa/06/20.md +++ b/2sa/06/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# came out -* [[en:tw:Servant]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## translationNotes +# How honored the king of Israel was today -* **Michal** - This is the female name of David's wife (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **undresses himself before the eyes of the slave girls** - Michal is rebuking David. David has only been wearing a linen ephod, in dancing he has apparently exposed his private parts to those around him. -* **eyes of the slave girls** - Here "eyes" represent the perception of the slave girls. AT: "in front of the slave girls" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **crude fellows** - David is being compared to a common and unrefined person. +This is an ironic statement. Michal means the opposite of what she said, and she does not believe David acted honorably. Michal speaks disrespectfully to King David about his dancing attire and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# before the eyes of the slave girls + +Here "eyes of the slave girls" represents the slave girls. AT: "in front of the slave girls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# crude fellows + +Michal is comparing David to vulgar and foolish men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/21.md b/2sa/06/21.md index e88b09edb7..aa10bb35e2 100644 --- a/2sa/06/21.md +++ b/2sa/06/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# who chose me above your father -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "your" refers to Michal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# over the people of Yahweh, over Israel -* **who chose me above your father** - Here the "your" refers Michal. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **the people of Yahweh, over Israel** - These refer to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **had no children to the day of her death** - Michal had no children to the day of her death because she mocked her husband, God's anointed one, when he was giving praise and honor to God. AT: “Michal, the daughter of Saul, was barren, and could not bear children, until the day of her death.” ​ +Here "the people of Yahweh" and "Israel" mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will be even more undignified than this + +David is being ironic and means the opposite of what he said. He does not believe what he did was actually undignified or that his actions in the future will be undignified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# I will be humiliated in my own eyes + +Here "in my own eyes" represents what a person considers or thinks about something. AT: "I will consider myself humiliated" or "I will consider myself a fool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But by these slave girls you have spoken about, I will be honored + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the slave girls of whom you have spoken will honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# had no children to the day of her death + +"was never able to bear any children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/intro.md b/2sa/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f50e0c6e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 2 Samuel 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem ##### +David organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Dancing ##### +David danced for joy in front of the ark. His wife, Michal, criticized David for uncovering himself as he danced, but David did not care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/joy]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### +Michal criticized David by using irony: "How honored the king of Israel was today, who undressed himself today before the eyes of the slave girls among his servants, like one of the crude fellows who shamelessly undresses himself!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/01.md b/2sa/07/01.md index 3a92788cf2..88e11c515a 100644 --- a/2sa/07/01.md +++ b/2sa/07/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# given him rest from all his surrounding enemies -* **I am living in a house of cedar** - Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. AT: "I am living in a strong, permanent house." -* **the ark of God is staying in the middle of a tent** - Tents are temporary dwellings. AT: "the ark of God is staying in a temporary place." +"given him safety from all his surrounding enemies." Here "rest" is an abstract noun. AT: "caused the enemy people groups to stop attacking Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I am living in a house of cedar + +Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. AT: "I am living in a strong, permanent house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the ark of God is staying in the middle of a tent + +Tents are temporary dwellings. If you do not have tents in your culture, you can word this differently. AT: "the ark of God is staying in a temporary place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/03.md b/2sa/07/03.md index d892e8d62d..ff23de27fd 100644 --- a/2sa/07/03.md +++ b/2sa/07/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# do what is in your heart -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here "heart" represents the mind. AT: "do what you think you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# for Yahweh is with you -* **do what is in your heart** - The word "heart" here refers to David's desire. AT: "do what you think you should." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Will you build me a house in which to live?** - Yahweh is almighty and obviously does not need a house to live in, he is scolding David here. AT: "I don't need your to build me a house." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "with you" means God is helping and blessing David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came to Nathan, saying, + +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Nathan. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Nathan:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# saying, "Go and tell David my servant, 'This is what Yahweh says: Will you build me a house in which to live? + +This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate them as indirect quotation. AT: "saying, 'Go and ask David if he thinks that he will be the one to build a house in which I will live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Will you build me a house in which to live? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will not build a house for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# build me a house + +Here "house" means a temple. In 7:11 Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There "house" means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/06.md b/2sa/07/06.md index 3503d560f1..a0715954a6 100644 --- a/2sa/07/06.md +++ b/2sa/07/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# did I ever say anything to any of Israel's leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, "Why have you not built me a house of cedar?" -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "did I ever ask any of Israel's leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, why they had not built me a house of cedar?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# did I ever say anything to any of Israel's leaders -* Yahweh continues to rebuke David through Nathan. -* **did I ever say anything to any of Israel's leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, "Why have you not built me a house of cedar?** - Yahweh is rebuking David for wanting to build a house for him. AT: "I never asked Israel's leaders to build me a permanent house. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel's leaders to build him a house. AT: "I never said anything to any of Israel's leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel + +Those who are leaders of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people were sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why have you not built me a house of cedar? + +If Yahweh had asked the leaders this question, he would have been using a question to scold them for not building him a house of cedar. But, Yahweh said previously that he did not ask them this question. AT: "You should have built me a house of cedar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/08.md b/2sa/07/08.md index acec9621b2..c9cd303030 100644 --- a/2sa/07/08.md +++ b/2sa/07/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh describes his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Yahweh describes his promises to King David through the prophet, Nathan. -* **my people Israel** - This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and have cut off all your enemies** - Here the phrase "cut off" means " have killed" AT: "I have killed your enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **like the name of the great ones who are on the earth** - The phrase "great ones" means famous persons. +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# tell my servant David, "This is what Yahweh of hosts says: 'I took you ... your name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth. + +This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UDB. AT: "tell my servant David that I took him ... his name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# tell my servant David + +Yahweh is still telling the prophet Nathan what he should tell David. + +# I took you from the pasture + +David's job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. AT: "I took you from your job as a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have been with you + +Here "with you" means that Yahweh has helped and blessed David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have cut off all your enemies + +Yahweh destroying David's enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make your name great + +Here "name" represents a person's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the great ones + +The phrase "great ones" means famous persons. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/10.md b/2sa/07/10.md index eddf68119f..60d97d5c5a 100644 --- a/2sa/07/10.md +++ b/2sa/07/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition|judge]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -## translationNotes +# I will appoint a place -* Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet, Nathan. -* **appoint a place for my people Israel and will plant them there** - These two clauses have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will make you a house** - Here the word "house" refers to David's ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. AT: "I will make you and your descendants the rulers of the nation of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"I will choose a place" + +# will plant them there + +Yahweh causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be troubled no more + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever trouble them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the days + +"from the time" + +# I commanded judges + +After the people of Israel entered the land of Canaan and before they had kings to rule them, God appointed leaders called "judges" to lead them in times of trouble. + +# to be over my people Israel + +To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. AT: "to rule my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Now I will give you rest from all your enemies ... declare to you that I will make you a house + +If in [2 Samuel 7:8-9](./08.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate "you" as "him" or "his." AT: "Now I will give him rest from all his enemies ... declare to him that I will make him a house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I will give you rest from all your enemies + +"I will give you safety from all your enemies." Here "rest" is an abstract noun. AT: "I will make all your enemies stop attacking you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will make you a house + +Here the metonym "house" refers to David's ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](./03.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There "house" represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/12.md b/2sa/07/12.md index cccbe91e12..4ea526acd9 100644 --- a/2sa/07/12.md +++ b/2sa/07/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -## translationNotes +# When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers -* Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet, Nathan. -* **When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers** - These two clauses have similar meaning and are combined for emphasis. They are both a polite way to refer to death and dying. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **a house for my name** - Here "name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "a permanent dwelling for Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I will be a father to him, and he will be my son** - God will be like a father to David's prophesied son. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I will raise up a descendant after you + +Yahweh appointing David's descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# one who will come out from your body + +This is an idiom that means the person will be David's descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will establish his kingdom + +Here "his kingdom" represents his power to rule. AT: "I will make him to be a very powerful king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a house for my name + +Here "name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "a permanent dwelling for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever + +Here "throne" represents the person's power to rule as king. AT: "I will make his rule over Israel to last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will be a father to him, and he will be my son + +The prophecy in 7:12-14 refers to Solomon, David's son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words "father" and "son" with your normal words for a biological father and son. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/15.md b/2sa/07/15.md index f680923381..e600337d3d 100644 --- a/2sa/07/15.md +++ b/2sa/07/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Yahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -## translationNotes +# But my covenant faithfulness will not leave him, as I took it from Saul -* Yahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet, Nathan. -* **But my covenant faithfulness will not leave him** - Here "will not leave" uses to two negative statements to make a positive statement. AT: "my covenant faithfulness will remain with him."(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever.** - These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The word "faithfulness" is an abstract noun that can be stated as "faithfully loving." AT: "I will never stop faithfully loving him as I stopped loving Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from before you. Your house ... before you. Your throne + +If in [2 Samuel 7:8-9](./08.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate "you" as "David" or "him" or "his" as in the UDB. AT: "from before David. David's house ... before him. His throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever. + +These two sentences have similar meanings and emphasize that David's dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you + +Here the word "house" represents David's descendants, who will rule as kings. Here "kingdom" means about the same thing as "house." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "You will live to see me establish your family and their rule over the people of Israel forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your throne will be established forever + +Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. AT: "I will cause your descendants to rule over Israel forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all these words + +"all these things." This refers to what Yahweh had said. + +# he told him about the entire vision + +"he told him about everything Yahweh revealed to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/18.md b/2sa/07/18.md index 38a94ab608..7662d09e5e 100644 --- a/2sa/07/18.md +++ b/2sa/07/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point? -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh's proclamation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# in your sight -* **Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point?** - David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh's proclamation. AT: "I and my family are not worthy of this honor Yahweh God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **this was a small thing in your sight** - Here the word "sight" stands for Yahweh. AT: "this was an easy thing for Yahweh to do". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **What more can I, David, say to you?** - David continue to express deep emotion. AT: "There is nothing more I can say to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you** - All of the occurrences of these words refer only to Yahweh/God since David is directly addressing Yahweh/God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your servant's family + +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be stated in first person. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# for a great while to come + +This speaks about time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "and what will happen to them in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What more can I, David, say to you? + +David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. AT: "There is nothing more I can say to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your servant + +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be stated in first person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/21.md b/2sa/07/21.md index e7a3eb16f3..f2054e2971 100644 --- a/2sa/07/21.md +++ b/2sa/07/21.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# For your word's sake -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod|will of God]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"Because of what you promised to do" -## translationNotes +# to fulfill your own purpose -* **And what nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself?** - This question is asked to encourage the audience to think deeply about something they already know. AT: "There is no nation like your people Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **just as we have always heard** - Here the "we" is referring to David and the nation of Israel. +"to accomplish what you planned to do" + +# to your servant + +David refers to himself as "your servant." It can be stated in first person. AT: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# as we have heard with our own ears + +The phrase "with our own ears" is used for emphasis. AT: "as we ourselves have heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as we have heard + +Here "we" refers to David and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# What nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself? + +David uses a question emphasize that there is no other nation like Israel. AT: "There is no nation like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to make a name for yourself + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "to make all people know who you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your land + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "for your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You drove out nations + +Here "nations" represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/24.md b/2sa/07/24.md index 8b9c1205e6..50904c4da7 100644 --- a/2sa/07/24.md +++ b/2sa/07/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +David continues to talk to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# So now -* David continues to talk to Yahweh -* **the promise that you made ** - the covenant that was made with David and Israel before him by God -* **your servant and his family ** - This refers to David and the the nation Israel that made David their king (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the people** - This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# may the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your servant and his family + +David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. AT: "me and my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# May your name be forever great + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of me, David, your servant + +Here "house" represents family. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is established before you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "is secure because of you" or "continues because of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/27.md b/2sa/07/27.md index 38fff7132b..fbce19aed4 100644 --- a/2sa/07/27.md +++ b/2sa/07/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# to your servant that you will build him a house -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +David refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "to me that you will build me a house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# that you will build him a house -* **that you will build him a house** - This is speaking of establishing David's descendants as the rulers of the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will be blessed forever** - This means that David's descendants will be always be blessed . +Here the metonym "house" refers to David's ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](./03.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There "house" represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# your words are trustworthy + +"I trust what you say" + +# with your blessing your servant's house will be blessed forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will continue to bless my family forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your servant's house + +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "my house" or "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# house + +Here "house" represents David's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/intro.md b/2sa/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc690dc623 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Samuel 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +David wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +##### Covenant of David ##### +God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David's descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/01.md b/2sa/08/01.md index 2c4b5ecd6e..568bb360a0 100644 --- a/2sa/08/01.md +++ b/2sa/08/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# David attacked -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] - -## translationNotes - -* No translation notes in this chunk. +Here David represents his soldiers. AT: "David and his soldiers attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/02.md b/2sa/08/02.md index a991590bf2..97ffb7f4c7 100644 --- a/2sa/08/02.md +++ b/2sa/08/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he defeated -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] +Here "he" refers to David who represents his soldiers. AT: "Then they defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# measured their men with a line ... He measured off two lines to put to death, and one full line to keep alive -* **He measured off two lines to put to death, and one full line to keep alive** - Here the "line" is a "rope." David has the soldiers lie down on the ground to be measured and sorted into groups. +Here the "line" is a "rope." David had the soldiers lie down on the ground to be measured and sorted into three groups. The men in two groups were killed, and in the third, they were allowed to live. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/03.md b/2sa/08/03.md index 272b575cef..3f968fe5cb 100644 --- a/2sa/08/03.md +++ b/2sa/08/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# David then defeated Hadadezer -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Here both "David" and "Hadadezer" represent their armies. AT: "David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Hadadezer ... Rehob -* **Hadadezer... Rehab** - These are the male names of people (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zobah** - This is the name of a place. -* **reserved enough** - AT: "set aside enough" or "spared enough" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zobah + +This is the name of a region in Aram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to recover his rule + +"to regain control over a region" or "to recapture a region" + +# 1,700 chariots + +"one thousand seven hundred chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twenty thousand footmen + +"20,000 footmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# David hamstrung + +This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. + +# reserved enough + +"set aside enough" or "saved enough" + +# a hundred chariots + +"100 chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/05.md b/2sa/08/05.md index 12055c64a4..6b0391b188 100644 --- a/2sa/08/05.md +++ b/2sa/08/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# David killed -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here David represents his soldiers. AT: "David and his soldiers killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty-two thousand Aramean men -* **twenty-two thousand men** - two thousand men** - 22,000: the number of the number of men killed. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"22,000 Aramean men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# put garrisons in Aram + +"ordered large groups of his soldiers to remain in Aram" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/07.md b/2sa/08/07.md index bdcf08caa4..3f79d4e2ed 100644 --- a/2sa/08/07.md +++ b/2sa/08/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# David took ... King David took -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] +Here David represents his soldiers. AT: "David's soldiers took ... King David's soldiers took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Tebah and Berothai -* **golden shields** - These could be small circular shields or quivers for arrows or a case for bows. -* **Betah and Berothai** - These are the names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/09.md b/2sa/08/09.md index 087f0fba06..08a8f78c16 100644 --- a/2sa/08/09.md +++ b/2sa/08/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Tou ... Hadoram -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hamath -* **Toi... Hadoram** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hamath** - This is the name of a place. +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# David had defeated + +Here "David" represents his army. AT: "David's army had defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/11.md b/2sa/08/11.md index 0841b6f9d4..831e97b0ab 100644 --- a/2sa/08/11.md +++ b/2sa/08/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Amalek -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite|Amalek, Amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate|dedicate, dedication]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] +"the Amalekites" -## translationNotes +# the plundered goods -* **Zobah** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the valuable items that soldiers take from the people they defeated. + +# Hadadezer son of Rehob, the king of Zobah + +See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 8:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/13.md b/2sa/08/13.md index 647e8c2128..0381c50e4d 100644 --- a/2sa/08/13.md +++ b/2sa/08/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# David's name was well known -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "name" refers to David's reputation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "David was very famous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Valley of Salt -* **David's name was well known** - Here "name" refers to David's reputation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Valley of Salt** - This is the name of place. It's exact location is unknown. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **garrisons** - camps of soldiers. +This is the name of a place. Its exact location is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# eighteen thousand men + +"18,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He placed garrisons throughout all of Edom + +"He ordered groups of his soldiers to remain in areas throughout all of Edom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/15.md b/2sa/08/15.md index 7bc3bda280..63eb78be7b 100644 --- a/2sa/08/15.md +++ b/2sa/08/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Joab son of Zeruiah -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/12.md). -## translationNotes +# Ahilud ... Ahitub ... Ahimelech ... Seraiah ... Jehoiada -* **David reigned over all Israel** - Here "Israel" implies the whole nation of Israel (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **righteousness to all his people** - Here "all his people" refers to the whole nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Zeruiah... Ahilud... Ahitub... Ahimelech... Seraiah... Jehoiada** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kerethites... Pelethites** - These are the names of people groups. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ahilud was recorder + +A recorder was a person who spoke to the people and told them the king's announcements. AT: "Ahilud was the herald" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +These are names of people-groups. These people were David's bodyguards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/intro.md b/2sa/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8c70b7c16b --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Samuel 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David's kingdom. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God enabled victory ##### +God enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/01.md b/2sa/09/01.md index b870d19f6f..ca2318aeed 100644 --- a/2sa/09/01.md +++ b/2sa/09/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for Jonathan's sake -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan|Jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +"because of my love for Jonathan" -## translationNotes +# Jonathan's sake -* **Ziba** - This is a male name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Jonathan was Saul's son and David's best friend. + +# Ziba + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I am your servant + +Ziba calls himself "your servant" to show great respect to David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/03.md b/2sa/09/03.md index 3ddf67ce55..eae6ffea18 100644 --- a/2sa/09/03.md +++ b/2sa/09/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I may show the kindness of God -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The abstract noun "kindness" can be stated as "kind." AT: "I may be kind as I promised God I would be" -## translationNotes +# who is lame in his feet -* **lame in his feet** - The word "feet" here refers to the ability to walk. AT: "he is unable to walk" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Machir... Ammiel** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Lo Debar** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"whose feet are damaged." The word "feet" here refers to the ability to walk. AT: "who is unable to walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Machir ... Ammiel + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Lo Debar + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/05.md b/2sa/09/05.md index e961c61459..364ba22dfc 100644 --- a/2sa/09/05.md +++ b/2sa/09/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# King David sent -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +It is understood that David sent messengers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Mephibosheth -* **Mephibosheth** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:2sa:04:04]]. +See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). + +# came to David + +The word "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# I am your servant + +Mephibosheth refers to himself as "your servant" to show great honor to David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/07.md b/2sa/09/07.md index 8d3bbab809..317b07536f 100644 --- a/2sa/09/07.md +++ b/2sa/09/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for Jonathan your father's sake -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] +"because I loved your father, Jonathan" -## translationNotes +# you will always eat at my table -* **you will always eat at my table** - Here the "my table" refers to being together with or in David's presence. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?** - This question is asked to show Mephibosheth understands his place. AT: "I am of no importance at all." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **such a dead dog** - Here the Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and compares himself to a "dead dog." Dogs were all feral and while alive were of little importance and were not directly cared for. So, a dead dog would have even less importance. AT: "I am like a dead dog" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "my table" represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. AT: "you will always eat with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am? + +This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# such a dead dog + +Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a "dead dog." Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. AT: "such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/09.md b/2sa/09/09.md index 2ed2ae57b5..96a2509b5d 100644 --- a/2sa/09/09.md +++ b/2sa/09/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# must always eat at my table -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here "my table" represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. AT: "must always eat with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Now Ziba ... servants -* **will always eat at my table** - The phrase "my table" refers to remaining in David's household as his guest. AT: "will continue to remain with me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "now" makes a break in the main storyline. The narrator gives background information about Ziba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# fifteen sons and twenty servants + +"15 sons and 20 servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/11.md b/2sa/09/11.md index efc2d470cf..fbc5e71b00 100644 --- a/2sa/09/11.md +++ b/2sa/09/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Your servant will do all that my master the king commands his servant -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Ziba refers to himself as "your servant" and refers to David as "my master." AT: "I, your servant will do all that you, my king, command me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# Mika -* **Mica** - This is a male name, the son of Mephibosheth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of the son of Mephibosheth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All who lived in the house of Ziba + +Here "house" represents Ziba's family. AT: "All of Ziba's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he always ate at the king's table + +Here "table" represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. AT: "he always ate with the king at his table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# though he was lame in both his feet + +"thouge both of his feet were damaged." Here "feet" represents the ability to walk. AT: "though he was unable to walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/intro.md b/2sa/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3634ed169 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom. David is concerned with fulfilling his oath to Jonathan's descendants. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's vow ##### +David determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan's descendants. He found Jonathan's son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul's property to him and had him eat every day at the king's table. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question and metaphor ##### +Jonathan's son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: "What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?" and by a metaphor comparing himself to "a dead dog." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/01.md b/2sa/10/01.md index 245fb6b348..4bccb8d759 100644 --- a/2sa/10/01.md +++ b/2sa/10/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Hanun ... Nahash -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Do you really think that ... you? -* **Hanun... Nahash** - These are the names of men. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Do you really think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you?** - This question is indicating strong doubt with regard to David's intentions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Has not David sent his servants to you to look at the city, to spy it out, in order to overthrow it** - This question is indicating strong doubt that David is not spying on them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. AT: "You are wrong to think that ... you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to spy + +to secretly learn information about someone else + +# Has not David ... overthrow it? + +The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. AT: "You need to know that David ... overthrow it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in order to overthrow it + +Here "it" refers to the city which represents the people who live there. AT: "in order to conquer us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the city + +Here "the city" refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/04.md b/2sa/10/04.md index 9240b64945..bc6f7c5a81 100644 --- a/2sa/10/04.md +++ b/2sa/10/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# shaved off half their beards -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# were deeply ashamed -* There are no translation notes in this chunk. +Here "deeply" is an idiom that means "very." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# then return + +It is understood that they should return to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/06.md b/2sa/10/06.md index 0f9d0dfe6a..f66ed029c2 100644 --- a/2sa/10/06.md +++ b/2sa/10/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they had become a stench to David -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] +The phrase "become a stench" is a metaphor for "they had become offensive." AT: "they had become offensive like a bad smell to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Beth Rehob ... Zobah ... Maacah ... Tob -* **they had become a stench to David** - The phrase "become a stench" is used to say "they had become offensive." AT: "they had become offensive like a bad smell to David." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Beth Rehab... Zobah... Mach... Tob** - These are the names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty thousand ... a thousand ... twelve thousand + +"20,000 ... 1,000 ... 12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to their city gate + +Here "the city" refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/09.md b/2sa/10/09.md index ec275f1ff4..811c93607e 100644 --- a/2sa/10/09.md +++ b/2sa/10/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +The battle with the Arameans and Ammon continues. -## translationNotes +# As for the rest of the army, he gave it into the command of Abishai his brother -* The battle with the Aramaens and Ammon continues. -* **Israel's** - This refers to the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"He put Abishai his brother in charge of the rest of the army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/11.md b/2sa/10/11.md index d64db105e1..7b101a3dba 100644 --- a/2sa/10/11.md +++ b/2sa/10/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Joab gets the army ready for battle. -## translationNotes +# for me, then you, Abishai, must rescue me -* Joab gets the army ready for battle. -* No translation notes in this chunk. +Here "me" refers to Joab. Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. AT: "for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/13.md b/2sa/10/13.md index 431ab0f4a9..b7b9f56ee1 100644 --- a/2sa/10/13.md +++ b/2sa/10/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# from Abishai -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +Here Abishai represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "from Abishai and his soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# into the city -* **and went back to Jerusalem** - AT: "and returned to Jerusalem". +Here "the city" refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites. + +# went back to Jerusalem + +"returned to Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/15.md b/2sa/10/15.md index 813208862e..c254cdd1a0 100644 --- a/2sa/10/15.md +++ b/2sa/10/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# When the Arameans saw that they were being defeated by Israel -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the Arameans realized that the Israelites were defeating them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Hadarezer ... Shobak -* **Arameans** - This is the name of a people-group (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hadarezer... Shobach** - These are the names of men. -* **Helam** - This is the name of a place. -* **at their head** - This phrase refers to a position of authority. AT: "leading them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# from beyond the Euphrates River + +This means the east side of the Euphrates River. + +# They came to Helam + +Here "came to" can be translated as "went to" or "gathered at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Helam + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# at their head + +This phrase refers to a position of authority. AT: "leading them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/17.md b/2sa/10/17.md index e3df3cd6b3..a0ef5976b1 100644 --- a/2sa/10/17.md +++ b/2sa/10/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# When David was told this -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When David heard about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# gathered all Israel together -* **gathered all Israel together** - Only the army of the nation of Israel was assembled. This is not every person in the nation of Israel that was assembled. AT: "assembled the rest of the army of Israel together." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Helam... Ammon** - These are the names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shobach, Hadarezer** - These are male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "Israel" represents the army of Israel. AT: "assembled all the army of Israel together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Helam + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 10:16](./15.md). + +# against David and fought him + +Here David represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "against David and his soldiers and fought them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# David killed + +Here David represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "David and his soldiers killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# seven hundred ... forty thousand + +"700 ... 40,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Shobak the commander of their army was wounded and died there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Israelites wounded Shobak the commander of the Aramean army, and he died there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Shobak ... Hadarezer + +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 10:16](./15.md). + +# saw that they were defeated by Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "realized that the Israelites had defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/intro.md b/2sa/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8213b7ea19 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The chapter records the last expansion of David's kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Shame ##### +It was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The Ammon people used a metaphor comparing themselves to a bad smell: "they had become a stench to David" when they realized they had made David very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/01.md b/2sa/11/01.md index 88da8d92a0..4977b50725 100644 --- a/2sa/11/01.md +++ b/2sa/11/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about in the springtime -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +"It happened in the springtime." This introduces a new event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# at the time -* **It came about in the springtime** - or "It happened in the springtime" or "It came to pass in the springtime" +"at the time of year" + +# David sent out Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel + +David sent them out to war. This can be stated clearly. Also, the word "his" refers to David. AT: "David sent Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the army of Ammon + +"the Ammonite army" + +# Rabbah + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/02.md b/2sa/11/02.md index 02ecc92286..c300b4293a 100644 --- a/2sa/11/02.md +++ b/2sa/11/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So it came about -* [[en:tw:bathsheba]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:uriah]] +"So it happened" or "So it came to pass." The author uses this phrase to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# a woman who was bathing -* **So it came about** - "So it happened" or "So it came to pass" -* **Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite?** - This question is stating a fact. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The woman was not on the roof, she would have been bathing outside in the courtyard of her house. AT: "a woman who was bathing in the courtyard of her house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So David sent + +Here the word "sent" means that David sent a messenger. AT: "So David sent a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he asked people who would know about the woman + +David was trying to find out who the woman was. The word "he" refers to David, but is a metonym for the messenger that David sent. The messenger was to ask the people for information about her. AT: "the messenger asked the people who knew her about who she was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Is not this Bathsheba ... and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite + +This question gives information and can be written as a statement. AT: "This is Bathsheba ... and she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/04.md b/2sa/11/04.md index 3e70210031..503728462d 100644 --- a/2sa/11/04.md +++ b/2sa/11/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# took her -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"and he took her." Here it says that David took the woman, but it was actually the messengers whom he sent that took her and brought her to him. AT: "they brought her to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# she came in to him, and he slept with her -* **menstruation** - a woman's monthly period +The phrase "she came in to him" is a graphic description of David having sex with the woman. These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that they slept together. AT: "he slept with her" or "he had sex with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# menstruation + +a woman's monthly period + +# she sent and told David; she said, "I am pregnant." + +Here the word "sent" means that she sent a messenger. She sent him to tell David that she was pregnant. AT: "she sent a messenger to David to tell him that she was pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/06.md b/2sa/11/06.md index f3cded18b6..a0e8b617ac 100644 --- a/2sa/11/06.md +++ b/2sa/11/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then David sent -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:uriah]] +Here the word "sent" means that David sent a messenger. AT: "Then David sent a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# how Joab was, how the army was doing, and how the war was going -* **Go down to your house, and wash your feet** - "Wash your feet" expresses returning home to rest for the night after working all day. (See: [[:en/ta/vol2/translate/figs_metonymy]]) +David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. AT: "if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Go down to your house + +Possible meanings for the phrase "go down" are 1) Uriah's house was located at a lower elevation than the king's palace or 2) Uriah's house was of lesser importance than the king's palace. AT: "Go to your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# wash your feet + +This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. AT: "rest for the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the king sent a gift for Uriah + +David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/09.md b/2sa/11/09.md index 48f79b4a68..3c9f9556c4 100644 --- a/2sa/11/09.md +++ b/2sa/11/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his master -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +The word "his" refers to Uriah and the word "master" refers to David. -## translationNotes +# Have you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house? -* **Have you not come from a journey?** - David is seeking to convince Uriah to go home (to his wife). Both David and Uriah knew that Uriah had just come from a journey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **How then can I go into my house to eat and to drink and to sleep with my wife?** - Uriah asks this question because he felt it would not be right or respectful for him as a soldier to go home when the army is in danger. -* **As sure as you are alive, I will not do this.** - Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not enjoy his wife when many other men in Israel are at war to defend Israel and cannot enjoy their wives. +This rhetorical question is used to show David's surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. This can be written as a statement. AT: "After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Israel and Judah + +This refers to their armies. AT: "the armies of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# How then can I go into my house ... with my wife? + +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriah's refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. AT: "It would be wrong for me to go into my house ... with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As sure as you are alive, I will not do this + +Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. AT: "I solemnly promise that I will not do this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/12.md b/2sa/11/12.md index 5e96c90728..4d131ebc5f 100644 --- a/2sa/11/12.md +++ b/2sa/11/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he ate and drank before him -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] +"Uriah ate and drank with David" -## translationNotes +# down to his house -* There are no translation notes in this chunk. +Possible meanings of the word "down" are 1) Uriah's house was located at a lower elevation than the king's palace or 2) Uriah's house was of lesser importance than the king's palace. See how you translated the similar phrase "down to your house" in [2 Samuel 11:8](./06.md). AT: "to his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/14.md b/2sa/11/14.md index d05ff1e7f9..24a477e079 100644 --- a/2sa/11/14.md +++ b/2sa/11/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# sent it by the hand of Uriah -* [[en:tw:hand]] +The phrase "the hand of Uriah" refers to Uriah himself. AT: "sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# very front of the most intense battle -* **very front of the most intense battle** - or "very front of the most severe line of the battle" or "very front of the most dangerous battle line" -* **he may be hit and killed** - "he may be wounded and killed" +"very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst" + +# withdraw from him + +"command the soldiers to back away from him" + +# he may be hit and killed + +"he may be wounded and killed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/16.md b/2sa/11/16.md index b062bebe9f..3d01dc07d0 100644 --- a/2sa/11/16.md +++ b/2sa/11/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the siege upon the city +The word "siege" can be expressed with the verbs "surround" and "attack." AT: "his army surround and attack the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# some of the soldiers of David fell -* **the seige upon the city** - a seige is to surround a city to fight against it -* **the soldiers of David fell** - This is a kind way to say, "the soldiers of David were killed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The word "fell" is a polite way to refer to the soldiers being killed. AT: "David's soldiers were killed" or "they killed some of David's soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# and Uriah the Hittite was also killed there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "including Uriah the Hittite" or "and the men of the city also killed Uriah the Hittite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/18.md b/2sa/11/18.md index 428505393d..7547c3496f 100644 --- a/2sa/11/18.md +++ b/2sa/11/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Joab sent word to David -* [[en:tw:David]] -* [[en:tw:Joab]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The phrase "sent word" means that he sent a messenger to give a report. AT: "Joab sent a messenger to David to give a report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Why did you go so near ... from the wall? -* **Why did you go so near to the city to fight?** - This question is asked because the army should not have done so. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did you not know that they would shoot from the wall?** - this question is scolding the army, who should have known this and been more careful. +Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. These questions may be written as statements. AT: "You should not have gone so near to the city to fight. You should have known that they would shoot from the wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# shoot from the wall + +This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. AT: "shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/21.md b/2sa/11/21.md index ba2b8d9e04..eb0428b1bf 100644 --- a/2sa/11/21.md +++ b/2sa/11/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Who killed Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth? -* [[en:tw:Hittite]] -* [[en:tw:Uriah]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth -* Joab continues to explain why the army was so close to the wall. -* **Abimelech** - This man named Abimelech was a son of Gideon. (See: [[:en/bible/notes/jdg/08/29]] and [[:en/bible/notes/jdg/09/52]]) -* **Jerubbesheth** - This is another name for Gideon. -* **Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez?** - This question is stating a fact. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **millstone** - A heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread. -* **Thebez** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a man. His father is also know by the name Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? + +Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# millstone + +a heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread + +# from the wall + +"from the top of the city wall" + +# Thebez + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Why did you go so near the wall? + +Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not have gone so near the wall!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/22.md b/2sa/11/22.md index 50b84c7b24..fc7221a4a7 100644 --- a/2sa/11/22.md +++ b/2sa/11/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the gate -* [[en:tw:gate]] - -## translationNotes - -* **went to David and told him everything** - AT: "went to David and repeated everything" +"the city gate" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/24.md b/2sa/11/24.md index e603f6ad17..c8e6410618 100644 --- a/2sa/11/24.md +++ b/2sa/11/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# their shooters shot -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/warrior]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"their shooters shot arrows" -## translationNotes +# some of the king's servants were killed -* **king's servants** - Here and in many Old Testament verses "servants" refers to soldiers, not slaves, since soldiers were servants of the king. -* **the sword devours one** - This phrase has the "sword" eating like a person. AT: "the sword kills one person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they killed some of the king's servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# king's servants + +Here "servants" refers to soldiers, not slaves, because soldiers were servants of the king. + +# your servant Uriah the Hittite was killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they killed your servant Uriah the Hittite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the sword devours one as well as another + +Here "the sword" refers to a person who kills someone with sword. Also, killing someone with a sword is spoken of as if the sword were "eating" the people. AT: "for one man can be killed by a sword the same as another man" or "for any man can die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Make your battle even stronger + +"Fight even stronger" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/26.md b/2sa/11/26.md index ba1b249afe..028c86a115 100644 --- a/2sa/11/26.md +++ b/2sa/11/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# she lamented deeply -* [[en:tw:Uriah]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the author speaks of her lamenting very much as if it were deep inside her. AT: "she lamented very much" or "she lamented greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# sorrow -* **sorrow** - to be sad or to mourn (See: [[:en/obe/other/mourn)]]) -* **displeased** - "saddened" or "angered" +a deep feeling of sadness caused by suffering, disappointment or misfortune + +# David sent and took her home + +Here the word "sent" means that he sent a messenger to get her and bring her to him. AT: "David sent a messenger to her to bring her home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# displeased + +"saddened" or "angered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/intro.md b/2sa/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6367ef5613 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Samuel 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a new section of David's life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's adultery and the murder of Uriah ##### +The army of Israel defeated the army of Ammon and then they besieged Ammon's capital while David stayed in Jerusalem. One day, David saw a beautiful woman, named Bathsheba, bathing. He committed adultery with her. When she became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin. When this did not work, he had her husband killed in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/01.md b/2sa/12/01.md index 590d8c0fdb..c15bc1369c 100644 --- a/2sa/12/01.md +++ b/2sa/12/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# ewe lamb -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +a female lamb -## translationNotes +# was like a daughter to him -* **ewe lamb** - a female lamb -* **like a daughter to him** - This refers to the closeness of this man & his little lamb. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This refers to the closeness of this man and his little lamb. AT: "he loved it as much as if it were one of his daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/04.md b/2sa/12/04.md index 999dcb1332..110b7130ca 100644 --- a/2sa/12/04.md +++ b/2sa/12/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# ewe lamb -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +a young, female sheep -## translationNotes +# for his visitor -* **ewe lamb** - a young, female sheep -* **hot with anger against the rich man, and he raged** - Here David's anger is compared to a fire. AT: "David's anger was like a fire." Both these phrases are similar and are combined here for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **raged** - to show very strong anger -* **As Yahweh lives** - this expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. -* **four times over** - The amount the rich man was required to pay back to the poor man was to be four times what the little lamb cost. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **pity** - to feel saddness and love for someone who is suffering or hurt or not loved +It was for his visitor to eat. AT: "for his visitor to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# David was hot with anger against + +Here the author describes how David was very angry as if his body were physically hot because of his anger. AT: "David became furious with" or "David became very angry with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he raged to Nathan + +This means that David spoke angrily to Nathan. + +# As Yahweh lives + +This expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. AT: "I declare, as surely as Yahweh lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to be put to death + +This means to be killed. Also, that can be stated in active form. AT: "to be killed" or "to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He must pay back the lamb four times over + +The amount the rich man was required to pay back to the poor man was to be four times what the little lamb cost. "He must pay the poor man four times the price of the lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pity + +to feel sadness and love for someone who is suffering or hurt or not loved \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/07.md b/2sa/12/07.md index 0e51465f73..a61033c376 100644 --- a/2sa/12/07.md +++ b/2sa/12/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# out of the hand of Saul -* [[en:tw:Nathan]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "hand" refers to control. AT: "out of Saul's control" or "from Saul's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# your master's wives into your arms -* **if that had been too little** - "if I had not given you enough" +Here Yahweh describes David having his master's wives as his own wives, by saying that they are "in his arms." AT: "your master's wives as your own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I also gave you the house of Israel and Judah + +Here Yahweh speaks of how he gave David his authority as king over Israel and Judah as if he gave him the houses of Israel and Judah as a gift. The phrase "the house of" means "the people of." AT: "I also gave you authority as king over the people of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if that had been too little + +"if I had not given you enough" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/09.md b/2sa/12/09.md index 5db4ae18c9..a702cdbe88 100644 --- a/2sa/12/09.md +++ b/2sa/12/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So why have you despised ... Yahweh, so as to do what is evil in his sight? -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:uriah]] +This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not have despised ... Yahweh and should not have done what is evil in his sight!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# what is evil in his sight -* **You have killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword** - David used the enemy army like a sword to kill Uriah the Hittite. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the sword will never leave your house** - Here the word "sword" refers to war. AT: "Your house will always have to fight in wars." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "sight" refers to Yahweh's thoughts or opinion. AT: "what he considers to be evil" or "what is evil in Yahweh's judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword + +David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle. The phrase "with the sword" represents how Uriah died in battle. AT: "You have arranged for Uriah the Hittite to die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You killed him with the sword of the army of Ammon + +David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle when Israel was fighting against Ammon. The phrase "with the sword" refers to how he died in battle. AT: "You arranged for him to die in battle against the army of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sword will never leave your house + +Here the word "sword" refers to people dying in war. Also, David's "house" refers to his descendants. AT: "some of your descendants will always die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/11.md b/2sa/12/11.md index 7481c028ca..492b4e2391 100644 --- a/2sa/12/11.md +++ b/2sa/12/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# out of your own house -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here David's "house" refers to his family. AT: "from among your own family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Before your own eyes -* **broad daylight** - "full daylight" -* **committed** - "did" -* **passed over** - Yahweh will not kill David for this sin, but someone who is innocent may have to carry the result of this sin. +Here David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. AT: "While you are watching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in broad daylight + +"in full daylight." The idea of doing something "openly" or in a way that people are fully aware of what is happening is often spoken about as being done in the "daylight." AT: "openly" or "and everyone will see what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# committed your sin + +"sinned" + +# before all Israel + +This phrase speaks of the people of Israel knowing about what has happened to his wives as if they all actually witnessed it happening. AT: "before all the people of Israel" or "and all the people of Israel will know about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# passed over + +Yahweh has forgiven David of his sin. This is spoken of here as Yahweh passing over his sin as if it were something that he walked by and disregarded. AT: "forgiven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will not be killed + +This can be stated in active form. Sometimes men died because of their sins, but he will not die because of his sin with the woman. This can be stated clearly. AT: "You will not die" or "you will not die because of this sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/14.md b/2sa/12/14.md index 3f193eea0e..049d425b3c 100644 --- a/2sa/12/14.md +++ b/2sa/12/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# despised -* [[en:tw:David]] -* [[en:tw:Nathan]] -* [[en:tw:Uriah]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +to strongly dislike or hate someone or something -## translationNotes +# the child who is born to you -* **despised** - to strongly dislike or hate someone or something +The phrase "born to you" means that it is David's baby. AT: "your child who will be born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh attacked the child that ... and he was very sick + +Here the author speaks of Yahweh causing the baby to become sick as Yahweh attacking the child. AT: "Yahweh afflicted the child that ... and he was very sick" or "Yahweh caused the baby that ... to become very sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the child that Uriah's wife bore to David + +This means that she gave birth to a child and that David was his father. AT: "David's child, who Uriah's wife gave birth to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/16.md b/2sa/12/16.md index 68a9f3b01a..e4a9d2d48e 100644 --- a/2sa/12/16.md +++ b/2sa/12/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# implored -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +to beg or pray with strong desire -## translationNotes +# went inside -* **implored** - to beg or pray with strong desire -* **It came about** - "It happened" -* **seventh day** - the number of the day of the death of the child, counting from when he became ill (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +David went into his room when he was alone. AT: "went inside his room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to raise him up from the floor + +"and urged him to get up from the floor" + +# It came about + +"It happened" + +# he did not listen to our voice + +The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. AT: "he did not listen to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the seventh day + +"the 7th day." This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. AT: "the seventh day after he was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Look + +This is used to get people's attention. AT: "Listen" + +# What might he do to himself if we tell him that the boy is dead?! + +The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. This can be written as a statement. AT: "We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/19.md b/2sa/12/19.md index 4a5929e91c..040004dd5a 100644 --- a/2sa/12/19.md +++ b/2sa/12/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# whispering -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"speaking very quietly" -## translationNotes +# perceived -* **whispering** - AT: "speaking very quietly" -* **perceived** - AT: "understood" (See: [[:en/obe/other/understand]]) +"understood" + +# arose + +"got up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/21.md b/2sa/12/21.md index c80420e0b0..284930ff71 100644 --- a/2sa/12/21.md +++ b/2sa/12/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] +These verses contain rhetorical questions that emphasize that David realizes that Yahweh has allowed this to happen. -## translationNotes +# Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live? -* These verses contain three questions that are really statements (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live?** - The clear answer is: no one. -* **now he is dead, so why should I fast?** - The clear answer is that it would be of no use to fast any longer. -* **Can I bring him back again?** - The clear answer is: no. +David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But now he is dead, so why should I fast? + +David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can I bring him back again? + +David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I cannot bring him back to life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will go to him + +David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. AT: "When I die I will go to where he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/24.md b/2sa/12/24.md index 11eea2b0ae..5fd629aaa6 100644 --- a/2sa/12/24.md +++ b/2sa/12/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# went in to her, and slept with her -* [[en:tw:bathsheba]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The phrase "went in to her" is a graphic description of David having sex with his wife. These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that they slept together. AT: "slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# he sent word through Nathan the prophet -* **Jedidiah** - This is another name for David's son Solomon that Yahweh chose for him. The name means, "Loved by Yahweh." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "word" refers to a message that Yahweh told Nathan to tell David. AT: "he sent Nathan to tell him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jedidiah + +This is another name for David's son Solomon, which Yahweh chose for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/26.md b/2sa/12/26.md index 8a52913a7f..d34f7d2fb9 100644 --- a/2sa/12/26.md +++ b/2sa/12/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Joab fought ... he captured -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:rabbah]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +Here the author says "Joab" but he is referring to Joab and his soldiers who fought with him. AT: "Joab and his soldiers fought ... they captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Rabbah -* There are not translation notes in this chunk. +Fighting against this city literally means to fight against the people of Rabbah. Translate the name the same as you did in [2 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md). AT: "the people of Rabbah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So Joab sent messengers to David and said + +"So Joab sent messengers to David to say to him" + +# have taken the city's water supply + +"Taking" a place or landmark means to take control of it. AT: "have taken control of the city's water supply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have fought ... I have taken ... if I take + +Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. AT: "My soldiers and I have fought ... my soldier and I have taken ... if my soldiers and I take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# camp against + +This means to surround and attack. AT: "besiege" or "surround" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# take it ... take the city + +"Taking" a place or landmark means to take control of it. AT: "take control of it ... take control of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be named + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will name it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/29.md b/2sa/12/29.md index 9eae201ada..6652b57a03 100644 --- a/2sa/12/29.md +++ b/2sa/12/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# he fought -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:molech]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] +Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David and his soldiers. AT: "David and his soldiers fought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# a talent -* **talent** - an ancient measurement of weight -* **a precious stone** - a rare gemstone such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, or opal -* **plunder** - valuable things taken from a defeated enemy -* **quantities** - "amounts" or "numbers" +This may be written in modern weights. AT: "about 33 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# a precious stone + +a rare gemstone such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, or opal + +# The crown was placed on David's own head + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They placed the crown on David's own head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he brought out + +Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David's soldiers. AT: "they brought out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# plunder + +valuable things taken from a defeated enemy + +# quantities + +"amounts" or "numbers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/31.md b/2sa/12/31.md index d13b3485a8..707e667bcf 100644 --- a/2sa/12/31.md +++ b/2sa/12/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He brought out the people -* [[en:tw:Ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +David did not bring out the people himself; he commanded his soldiers to bring them out. AT: "David commanded his soldiers to bring out the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# saws, iron picks, and axes -* **saws and iron picks** - tools to cut wood (saw) or break up the ground (iron pick) -* **brick kilns** - ovens where bricks are dried and hardened +These are tools to cut wood or break up the ground. + +# brick kilns + +ovens where bricks are dried and hardened + +# all the cities of the people of Ammon + +This refers to the people in the cities. AT: "all the people of the cites of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/intro.md b/2sa/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..360af9e3a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Samuel 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the final expansion of David's kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's punishment ##### +God sent a prophet to confront David. He said that because David had Uriah killed, there would always be killing in his family and that the baby conceived with Bathsheba would die. David prayed that the baby be allowed to live, but the infant died. Bathsheba then had another son, who was named Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/01.md b/2sa/13/01.md index 6aaafc9d26..fabd62b0b5 100644 --- a/2sa/13/01.md +++ b/2sa/13/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about after this -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:amnon]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tamar]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +"It happened after this." This phrase is used to introduce a new event to the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# half-sister -* **very attracted to** - to be very drawn to or have desire for -* **half-sister** - sister** - Amnon and Tamar shared the same father, but not the same mother -* **full sister** - Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother -* **impossible** - AT: "not able to occur" or "not possible" +Amnon and Tamar shared the same father but not the same mother. + +# full sister + +Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother. + +# Amnon was so frustrated that he became sick because of his sister Tamar + +Amnon was frustrated because he desired to sleep with his sister Tamar. AT: "Amnon was so frustrated with desire for his sister Tamar that he felt sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/03.md b/2sa/13/03.md index c3a79b6b41..7f943fc6dd 100644 --- a/2sa/13/03.md +++ b/2sa/13/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jonadab son of Shimeah, David's brother -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +These are the names of men. Shimeah was David's brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# shrewd -* **Jonadab, Shimeah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **"Why, son of the king, are you depressed** - AT: "Since you are the kings son, you should be happy. So why are you depressed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **depressed** - AT: in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness -* **Will you not tell me?** - This is a request to be told why he is unhappy. AT: "Please tell me why you are unhappy." +crafty or deceptive + +# depressed + +in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness + +# Will you not tell me? + +It is understood that he is asking him about his depression, which can be stated clearly. Also, this rhetorical question is a request for Jehonadab to tell him why he is depressed. It may be written as a statement. AT: "Will you not tell me why you are depressed?" or "Please, tell me why you are depressed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/05.md b/2sa/13/05.md index 787845099e..79ec04fcb9 100644 --- a/2sa/13/05.md +++ b/2sa/13/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jonadab -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 13:03](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# eat it from her hand ... I may eat from her hand -* **Jonadab** - Translate as you did in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:13:03]]. -* **pretended to be sick** - AT: gave a false appearance of being ill +This is a request for her to serve food to him personally. AT: "have her serve it to me herself ... she may serve it to me to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# pretended to be sick + +This means he gave a false appearance of being ill. + +# for my sickness in front of me + +The food is not for his sickness, but rather it is for him, because he is sick. The phrase "in front of me" is a request for Tamar to prepare the food in his presence. AT: "in front of me because I am sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/07.md b/2sa/13/07.md index 9fd8a5b513..825d4e9172 100644 --- a/2sa/13/07.md +++ b/2sa/13/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# David sent word -* [[en:tw:amnon]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:tamar]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This means that he sent a messenger to speak to Tamar. AT: "David sent a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# dough -* There are no translation notes in this chunk. +a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking + +# kneaded + +used her hands to mix the dough + +# in his sight + +This means that Tamar made the bread in front of him. AT: "in front of him" or "in his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So everyone went out from him + +To "go out from someone" means to leave them. AT: "So everyone left him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/10.md b/2sa/13/10.md index 64888ed367..0d309ba334 100644 --- a/2sa/13/10.md +++ b/2sa/13/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that I may eat from your hand -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +This is a request for Tamar to serve the food to him personally. AT: "and serve it to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# do not force me -* **Come, sleep with me** - Translate this in a way that it can be read aloud in church without embarrassment. -* **do not force me** - AT: "do not force me to sleep with you" +She is referring to sleeping with him. AT: "do not force me to sleep with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# appalling + +very shameful \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/13.md b/2sa/13/13.md index ac4232ec25..29250b24bf 100644 --- a/2sa/13/13.md +++ b/2sa/13/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Tamar continues to talk to Amnon. -## translationNotes +# How could I be rid of my shame? -* Tamar continues to talk to Amnon. -* **Where could I go to escape the shame this would place on my life?** - This question is asked to chastise Amnon. AT: "There is no place I could go in Israel to escape the shame this would place on my life." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. AT: "If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/15.md b/2sa/13/15.md index 99fdee3778..8b7a52c642 100644 --- a/2sa/13/15.md +++ b/2sa/13/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The abstract noun "this great evil" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# bolt the door after her -* There are no translation notes in this chunk. +This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. AT: "lock the door so that she cannot come back in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/18.md b/2sa/13/18.md index d0d1e6c3d5..a543621c46 100644 --- a/2sa/13/18.md +++ b/2sa/13/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# bolted the door after her -* [[en:tw:robe]] +This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. AT: "locked the door so that she could not go back in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# put ashes on her head and tore her robe. She put her hands on her head -* **put ashes on her head and tore her robe** - This is an act of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. +These are acts of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. AT: "put ashes on her head and tore her robe to show that she was very sad. Then to show her grief, she put her hands on her head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/20.md b/2sa/13/20.md index 0befa9b3ac..344e396f39 100644 --- a/2sa/13/20.md +++ b/2sa/13/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Has Amnon your brother been with you? -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +This is a polite way to ask is Amnon has had sexual relations with her. AT: "Has Amnon your brother slept with you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# keep quiet -* **Has Amnon your brother been with you?** - A polite way to ask "Has Amnon your brother slept with you?"(See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Do not take this thing to heart** - Here "heart" refers to one's deepest self. AT:"Do not let this bother you deeply." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This means to not tell anyone about something. AT: "do not tell anyone about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do not take this thing to heart + +The phrase "take something to heart" means "to worry about it." AT: "Do not worry about what has happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So Tamar remained alone + +This means that she did not marry. + +# said nothing + +"did not speak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/23.md b/2sa/13/23.md index a2856032a7..1073f43b8d 100644 --- a/2sa/13/23.md +++ b/2sa/13/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about after two full years -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This explains that two whole years has passed and introduces the next event in the story line. The phrase "full years" means that they are complete years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# shearers -* **two full years** - This is explaining the passage of time. (See:[[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) -* **shearers** - those who remove the wool from the sheep -* **Baal Hazor** - This is the name of a place (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Look now** - This is an expression to emphasize the next statement. -* **your servant** - Absalom is calling himself "your servant" to be polite. -* **has shearers** - It was customary for people in Israel to have a party when they had sheared their sheep. -* **may the king** - Although he is talking to his father the king, he callshim "the king" instead of "you" to show respect for him. +These are people who cut the wool from sheep. + +# Baal Hazor + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Look now + +This is a phrase used to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# your servant + +Absalom is calling himself "your servant" to show respect. + +# has sheep shearers + +It was customary for people in Israel to have a party after they had sheared their sheep. + +# may the king + +Although he is talking to his father the king, he calls him "the king" instead of "you" to show respect for him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/25.md b/2sa/13/25.md index 7382ceeb92..8c177f5d4a 100644 --- a/2sa/13/25.md +++ b/2sa/13/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# please let my brother Amnon go with us -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:amnon]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +The oldest son could often represent his father in Israelite culture. Amnon was David's oldest son. -## translationNotes +# Why should Amnon go with you? -* **please let my brother Amnon go with us** - The oldest son could often represent his father in Israel culture. Amnon was David's oldest son. -* **Why should Amnon go with you?** - David knew that Amnon was not Absalom's friend. +David knew that Amnon was not Absalom's friend. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/27.md b/2sa/13/27.md index 6500d766cc..b9c5025d05 100644 --- a/2sa/13/27.md +++ b/2sa/13/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Absalom pressed David -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Here the author speaks of Absalom urging David to let Amnon come as if he were putting physical pressure on him. AT: "Absalom begged David for Amnon to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not be afraid -* **pressed** - AT: "kept on requesting him to send Amnon" -* **Do not be afraid** - "Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king's son" -* **Have I not commanded you?** - This question is asked to enforce that Absalom has commanded them. AT: "I am to blame because you were just following what I have commanded you to do." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king's son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Have I not commanded you? + +Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I have commanded you to do this." or "I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# not commanded you + +What Absalom has commanded them to do may be stated in the question. AT: "not commanded you to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# all the king's sons + +This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. AT: "the rest of the king's sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# every man + +This refers to the king's sons who left the celebration. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/30.md b/2sa/13/30.md index fb6ea2ecb7..6e2b9b156c 100644 --- a/2sa/13/30.md +++ b/2sa/13/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So it came about -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"It happened that." This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# on the road -* **tore his clothes and lay on the floor** - This is a display of intense grief. See" symbolic action) +"travelling along the road" + +# that the news came to David saying + +Here it says that the news came, when really someone came and told David the news. AT: "that someone came and reported the news to David saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then the king arose + +"Then the king stood up" + +# tore his clothes, and lay on the floor + +He did these things to show that he was extremely sad. AT: "tore his clothes, and threw himself on the floor grieving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# with their clothes torn + +They did this to show their sadness and to mourn with their king. AT: "and tore their clothes, mourning with the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/32.md b/2sa/13/32.md index 34a4413f0c..dbbb8b5afa 100644 --- a/2sa/13/32.md +++ b/2sa/13/32.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Jonadab ... Shimeah -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 13:03](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# Let not my master believe -* **Jonadab... Shimeah** - Translate these men's names as you did in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:13:03]]. -* **Let not my master** - Jonadab is speaking to David but is calling him "my master" to show respect. "Do not" -* **do not take this report to heart** - Here "heart" represents David's belief. AT: "Do not believe this report." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"My master, do not believe" + +# my master + +Jonadab calls David "my master" to show respect. + +# Amnon violated his sister + +This is a polite way of saying that Amnon raped his sister. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# let not my master the king + +"my master the king, do not" + +# take this report to heart + +The phrase "take something to heart" means "to worry about it." AT: "worry about this report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/34.md b/2sa/13/34.md index efa8ee97f7..33df479b6b 100644 --- a/2sa/13/34.md +++ b/2sa/13/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# keeping watch -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This means that the servant was watching for enemies while guarding at the city wall. AT: "who was guarding" or "who was guarding at the city wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# raised his eyes -* There are not translation notes in this chunk. +Here the servant looking up at something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. AT: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So it came about + +This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# raised their voices + +Here the sons crying out is spoken of as if their voices were something they lifted into the sky. AT: "cried out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/37.md b/2sa/13/37.md index e2771c5750..e0c5bb1bd0 100644 --- a/2sa/13/37.md +++ b/2sa/13/37.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Talmai ... Ammihud -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# for his son -* **Talmai... Ammihur** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"for his son Amnon" + +# where he was for three years + +"where he stayed for three years" + +# The mind of King David longed + +Here David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. AT: "King David longed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for he was comforted concerning Amnon and his death + +"because he was no longer grieving about Amnon being dead." This refers to three years after Absalom fled to Geshur. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/intro.md b/2sa/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2110fd5176 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Samuel 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story about the difficulties and killings in David's family. David's sin caused these problems in his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Amnon raped Absalom's sister ##### +Amnon raped Absalom's sister, who was his own half-sister. David did nothing to punish him and David's lack of action caused significant problems in his family and in Israel. This eventually caused Solomon to become king, even though he was not the oldest son. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/01.md b/2sa/14/01.md index 0fb8b63cf8..0b0bd54a7e 100644 --- a/2sa/14/01.md +++ b/2sa/14/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells about a new person in the story. -## translationNotes +# Zeruiah -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Samuel tells about a new person in the story. +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/12.md). + +# perceived + +This means Joab discerned or understood what David was thinking. + +# sent word to Tekoa and had a wise woman brought + +This means that Joab sent someone with a message to Tekoa and had him bring back a woman to him. This can be written in active form. AT: "sent someone with a message to Tokoa and had him bring a wise woman back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Tekoa + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the dead + +This refers to someone who has died, not dead people in general. AT: "someone who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/04.md b/2sa/14/04.md index 441aaa6c6f..5df55c2c9c 100644 --- a/2sa/14/04.md +++ b/2sa/14/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# she lay facedown on the ground -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +She did this to show her respect and submission to the king. AT: "she showed her respect to the king by laying facedown on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# One struck the other -* **One struck the other** - "one of my sons hit the other son with something" +"One of my sons hit the other son with something" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/07.md b/2sa/14/07.md index 40d7ca272e..5e84773b11 100644 --- a/2sa/14/07.md +++ b/2sa/14/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the whole clan -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +"my entire family" -## translationNotes +# your servant -* **the whole clan** - This refers to the woman's husband's family. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Thus they will put out the burning coal that I have left** - Here "the burning coal" refers to her one remaining child.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as "your servant." + +# put him to death + +This is an idiom which means to kill. AT: "kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they would also destroy the heir + +If they put the guilty brother to death there would not be a son left to inherit the family's possessions. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "if they did this, they would be destroying our family's heir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Thus they will put out the burning coal that I have left + +Here the woman refers to her only living son as if he were a burning piece of coal. She speaks of the men killing her son as stopping the coal's burning. AT: "In this way they will kill the only child I have left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will leave for my husband neither name nor descendant + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "they will not leave for my husband name or descendant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# neither name nor descendant + +This refers to a son to carry on the family's name into the next generation. AT: "no son to preserve our family's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on the surface of the earth + +"on the earth." This descriptive phrase emphasizes that the family line would not continue on earth after the husband died. "The surface of the earth" refers to the ground on which people walk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/08.md b/2sa/14/08.md index b0f03b7086..eaa9bc9492 100644 --- a/2sa/14/08.md +++ b/2sa/14/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will command something to be done for you -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will take care of this matter for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Tekoa -* **may the guilt be on me and on my father’s family** - Here there implicit information. The "guilt" refers back to the brother killing the brother. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **The king and his throne** - Here "the king" and "his throne" both refer to David and are added for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) AT: "you" +Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 14:2](./01.md). + +# may the guilt be on me and on my father's family + +This means that if people say that the king was wrong for helping the woman's family that the king should not be guilty. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "if anyone blames you for helping our family, may my family be considered guilty instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The king and his throne + +Here the word "throne" refers to anyone who later becomes king in David's place. AT: "The king and his descendants" or "The king and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are guiltless + +"are innocent." This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. AT: "will be innocent regarding the matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/10.md b/2sa/14/10.md index 956021c45e..9049262349 100644 --- a/2sa/14/10.md +++ b/2sa/14/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# says anything to you -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. AT: "threatens you" or "speaks threats to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# he will not touch you anymore -* **that they will not destroy my son** - AT: "that they will not kill my son" or "that they will not execute my son" -* **Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God** - There are two possible meanings to these words: 1. "please promise in Yahweh's name" or 2. "please pray to Yahweh" -* **not one hair of your son will fall to the ground** - Here "one hair of your son" is referring to the life of her son. AT: "your son will be safe and untouched" or "no one will harm even the smallest part of your son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "I will make sure he does not threaten you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God + +Possible meanings are 1) The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom meaning to pray. AT: "Please, pray to Yahweh your God" or 2) Here "call to mind" means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. AT: "Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the avenger of blood + +This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the man who wants to avenge my son's brother's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# destroy anyone further + +"cause anyone else to die." This is in addition to the brother who already died. + +# that they will not destroy my son + +"that they will not kill my son" or "that they will not execute my son" + +# As Yahweh lives + +Often people would make promises and compare how surely they would fulfil their promise to how surely Yahweh is alive. AT: "I promise you, as surely as Yahweh lives" or "In Yahweh's name I promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# not one hair of your son will fall to the ground + +The means that her son will not be harmed, which is exaggerated by saying that he will not lose even a single hair. AT: "your son will be completely safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/12.md b/2sa/14/12.md index 21b0af128c..eea442641f 100644 --- a/2sa/14/12.md +++ b/2sa/14/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# your servant -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as "your servant." -## translationNotes +# speak a further word to -* **Please let your servant speak a further word to my master the king** - The woman is requesting permission to speak to King David on a new topic. AT: "Please may I say something to you." -* **Speak on** - "You may speak to me" -* **Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God?** - This question is asked to rebuke David. AT: "What you have just said proved that you did wrong." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **are like water spilled on the ground, which cannot be gathered up again** - "after we die we can not be brought back again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **God ... finds a way to bring back one he has driven away from himself** - "God brings back someone whom he has chased away from himself and you should bring back your son who has run away from you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"talk about something else to." The woman is requesting to speak to the king about another topic. + +# Speak on + +This is an idiom. The king was giving her permission to continue speaking. AT: "You may speak to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God? + +The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "What you have just said proved that you did wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the king is like someone who is guilty + +The woman compares the king to someone who is guilty to suggest that he is guilty without saying it directly. AT: "the king has declared himself guilty" + +# his banished son + +"his son whom he banished" + +# For we all must die, and we are like water spilled on the ground ... up again + +Here the woman speaks of a person dying as if they were water being spilled on the ground. AT: "We all must die, and after we die we cannot be brought back to life again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# God ... finds a way for those who were driven away to be restored + +The woman is implying that David should bring his son back to himself. This can be stated clearly. AT: "God brings back someone whom he has driven away and you should do the same for your son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/15.md b/2sa/14/15.md index c8b8a429f6..84dc5b22d7 100644 --- a/2sa/14/15.md +++ b/2sa/14/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# because the people have made me afraid -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "because the people have made me afraid that I have come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# your servant -* **for as an angel of God** - Here David, the king, is compared to an "angel of God." AT: "for the king is like an angel of God because they both know how to tell good from evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as "your servant" + +# to hand over his servant + +Here the idiom "to hand over" means to deliver out of someone's control. AT: "to deliver his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# out of the hand of the man + +This phrase is an idiom. Also, "the hand" is a metonym referring to the man's control. AT: "out of the control of the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# out of the inheritance of God + +This speaks of the land which Yahweh gave to the Israelites as if it were an inheritance that a father leaves his children. AT: "out of the land that God gave us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word of my master the king + +"the message of my master the king" + +# for as an angel of God, so is my master ... from evil + +Here David, the king, is compared to an "angel of God." AT: "for the king is like an angel of God because they both know how to tell good from evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/18.md b/2sa/14/18.md index 858ddcc018..b4bdd90b77 100644 --- a/2sa/14/18.md +++ b/2sa/14/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Please do not hide from me anything that I will ask you -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +The negative form here is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. AT: "Please tell me the truth about everything I ask you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# Is not the hand of Joab with you in all this -* **Please do not hide from me anything that I will ask you** - Here the two negatives "do not" and "hide" are used together to imply a positive response. AT: Please tell me the truth when I ask you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Is not the hand of Joab** - Here "hand of Joab" refers to for Joab's words or council. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **no one can escape to the right hand or to the left from anything that my master the king has spoken** - The expression "to the right hand or to the left" means "everything." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) AT: "you are exactly right" +Here the word "hand" refers to Joab's influence. AT: "Has not Joab influenced you in all this" or "Did Joab send you here to speak these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As you live + +"As surely as you are alive." Here the woman compares the certainty of what David has said to the certainty that he is alive, to emphasize how true his statement is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# no one can escape to the right hand ... the king has spoken + +Here the woman describes the difficulty of speaking to the king and keeping him from finding out the truth by comparing it to a person not being about to escape in any direction. AT: "no one can keep you from knowing the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the right hand or to the left + +The expression gives two extremes and means "anywhere." AT: "anywhere at all" or "anywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# My master is wise + +"My master the king is wise" + +# is wise, like the wisdom of an angel of God + +The woman compares David's wisdom to the wisdom of an angel to emphasize how very wise he is. AT: "you are very wise, like an angel of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/21.md b/2sa/14/21.md index e70979e2f1..b5ba7308aa 100644 --- a/2sa/14/21.md +++ b/2sa/14/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# So the king said to Joab -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] +It is implied that the king had Joab brought before him so that he could speak to him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Then the king summoned Joab and said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Look now -* **Joab lay facedown on the ground** - "Joab honored the king" (See: symbolic action) -* **the king has performed the request** - AT: "you have done what I asked you to do" +This phrase is used to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# this thing + +This refers to what Joab wants the king to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "what you want me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Joab lay facedown on the ground + +Joab did this to honor the king and show his gratitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# your servant + +To show respect for the king Joab refers to himself as "your servant." + +# I have found favor in your eyes + +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, "eyes" is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "you are pleased with me" or "you have approved of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in that the king + +"because the king" + +# the king has performed the request of his servant + +"you have done what I asked you to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/23.md b/2sa/14/23.md index f17416a542..05babb3c58 100644 --- a/2sa/14/23.md +++ b/2sa/14/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# but he may not see my face ... the king's face -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] - -## translationNotes - -* **but he may not see my face** - Here the word "face" refers to the being in the presence of the king. AT: "but he may not be in my presence." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the word "face" refers to the king himself. AT: "but he may not see me ... the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/25.md b/2sa/14/25.md index 09c465d497..02c12f6d0e 100644 --- a/2sa/14/25.md +++ b/2sa/14/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:tamar]] +"Now" marks a break in the main storyline. Here Samuel tells a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# there was no one praised for his handsomeness more than Absalom -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Samuel tells a new part of the story. -* **From the sole of his foot to the top of his head there was no blemish in him** - AT: "He looked good all over." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **shekel** - This is a unit of weight. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people praised Absalom for his handsomeness more than they praised anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# From the sole of his foot to the top of his head there was no blemish in him + +This means the whole person was without blemish. AT: "There were no blemishes on any part of his body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# two hundred shekels + +This can be written in modern units. AT: "two and a half kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# the weight of the king's standard + +The king had weights that determined the standard weight of the shekel and other weights and measurements. + +# To Absalom were born three sons and one daughter + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Absalom had three sons and one daughter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/28.md b/2sa/14/28.md index 74fa08911e..2583854fe1 100644 --- a/2sa/14/28.md +++ b/2sa/14/28.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the king's face -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "the king's face" refers to the king himself. AT: "the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Absalom sent word for Joab -* **the king’s face** - This phrase refers to being in the king's presence. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "word" is a metonym for "a message." This means that he sent a messenger to Joab with a request. AT: "Absalom sent a messenger to Joab asking him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to send him to the king + +It is implied that Absalom wanted Joab to come to him to see him and to intercede for him so that he would be allowed to see the king. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "to come to him and to intercede for him so that he could see the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So Absalom sent word a second time + +Here "word" is a metonym for "a message." This means that he sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "So Absalom sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/30.md b/2sa/14/30.md index 75e2e3c373..b3c9b13797 100644 --- a/2sa/14/30.md +++ b/2sa/14/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] - -## translationNotes - -* **barley** - Barley is a grain eaten by the people of Israel. "grain" +Here this word is used to remind people of something. AT: "As you know" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/32.md b/2sa/14/32.md index fe5b381a40..34da47f255 100644 --- a/2sa/14/32.md +++ b/2sa/14/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] +This word is used to add emphasis, strengthening what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## translationNotes +# I sent word -* **bowed low to the ground before the king** - Absalom is showing respect to the king. (See:symbolicaction) -* **the king kissed Absalom** - This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and symbolicaction) +Here "word" is a metonym for "a message." This means that he sent a messenger. AT: "I sent a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the king to say + +The message here for the king is written as if Absalom were the speaker. Absalom was asking Joab to speak the message on his behalf. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "to say to the king on my behalf" or "to ask the king for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the king's face + +Here "king's face" refers to the king himself. AT: "the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bowed low to the ground before the king + +Absalom is showing respect to the king. AT: "bowed low to the ground to honor the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the king kissed Absalom + +This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom. The full meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/intro.md b/2sa/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f33f5d9b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Samuel 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Reconciliation ##### +David missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) + +#### Important figures of speech used in this chapter #### +##### Parable ##### +The wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David's own words against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/01.md b/2sa/15/01.md index f8230d307a..e9ed8076c5 100644 --- a/2sa/15/01.md +++ b/2sa/15/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:absalom|Absalom]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# with fifty men to run before him -* There are no translation notes in this chunk. +These men would run in front of the chariot to honor Absalom. AT: "with fifty men to run before him to honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Your servant + +When a man would respond to Absalom's question he would refer to himself as "your servant" to honor Absalom. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/03.md b/2sa/15/03.md index e4c0b96276..826fb5ca51 100644 --- a/2sa/15/03.md +++ b/2sa/15/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So Absalom would say to him -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] +It is implied that the person told his case to Absalom. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Absalom would ask him what his problem was, and the man would then explain to Absalom why he sought justice. Absalom would then say to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# good and right -* **So Absalom would say to him, "Look, your case is good and right** - AT: "Absalom would ask him what is problem was; and when the man would tell Absalom what he came to get justice for, Absalom would say to him "your case is good and right" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +These words have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that his case is good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to hear your case + +"Hearing" a case means to listen to it and to make a judgement decision over it. AT: "to judge your case" or "to oversee your case" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/05.md b/2sa/15/05.md index f510083aab..e4e81ea779 100644 --- a/2sa/15/05.md +++ b/2sa/15/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# put out his hand and take hold of him and kiss him -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] +This action is a friendly greeting. AT: "greet him as a friend by embracing him and kissing him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# for judgment -* **take hold of him and kiss him** - "treated him as a friend and as an equal" (See: symbolicaction) -* **all Israel** - this refers to the men of the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Absalom stole the hearts** - This phrase means that Absalom was convincing the men to be loyal to him rather than to David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This means that they can for the king to decide their disputes. AT: "to judge over their disputes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel + +This sentence means Absalom convinced the men to be loyal to him rather than to David. Here the author speaks of how the people became loyal to Absalom by saying that he stole their hearts. AT: "In this way, Absalom convinced the men of Israel to be loyal to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/07.md b/2sa/15/07.md index b26e8d3bba..9e1ecc9844 100644 --- a/2sa/15/07.md +++ b/2sa/15/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# at the end of four years that Absalom -* **at the end of four years** - AT: "fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem" -* **For your servant** - Absalom is referring to himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to four years after he returned to Jerusalem. AT: "fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem, he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and pay a vow that I have made to Yahweh in Hebron + +"to Hebron and there fulfill a vow that I have made to Yahweh" + +# For your servant + +Here Absalom refers to himself this way to honor the king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/09.md b/2sa/15/09.md index ce0836f270..8aeb9415eb 100644 --- a/2sa/15/09.md +++ b/2sa/15/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So Absalom arose -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +"So Absalom left" -## translationNotes +# throughout all the tribes of Israel -* **throughout all the tribes of Israel** - This refers to the entire nation of Israel. AT: throughout the whole land of the Nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the sound of the trumpet** - AT: "a trumpet announcing important news" +Here the places where the tribes of Israel lived are referred to as the tribes themselves. AT: "throughout the land of the tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sound of the trumpet + +"a trumpet being blown" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/11.md b/2sa/15/11.md index 9434d9e329..e35d860094 100644 --- a/2sa/15/11.md +++ b/2sa/15/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# who were invited -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who he had invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# went in their innocence -* **Ahithophel** - This is the male name of a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Giloh** - This is the name of a place. -* **Absalom's conspiracy was strong** - Here the "conspiracy" is treated like a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"went innocently" + +# he sent for Ahithophel + +This means that he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel and bring him back to him. AT: "he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel who was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ahithophel + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Giloh + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/13.md b/2sa/15/13.md index 502b90acc9..65d5a662a2 100644 --- a/2sa/15/13.md +++ b/2sa/15/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The hearts of the men of Israel are following after -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here the men are referred to by their "hearts" to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. AT: "The men of Israel are loyal to" or "The men of Israel are following after" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# escape from Absalom ... he will quickly ... and he will bring -* **the hearts of the men of Israel are following** - Here "hearts" is used to express loyalty of the men of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as "Absalom" himself because the men are following Absalom's authority. AT: "escape from Absalom and his men ... he and his men will quickly ... and they will bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# attack the city with the edge of the sword + +The "city" is a metonym referring to the people in the city. The "edge of the sword" is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites' swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle. AT: "will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bring down disaster + +This means to cause disaster to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/16.md b/2sa/15/16.md index d2f18f9f84..88eca1111f 100644 --- a/2sa/15/16.md +++ b/2sa/15/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to keep the palace -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Here the word "keep" means to care for. AT: "to care for the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# at the last house -* **Cherethites... Pelethites... Gittites** - These are names of people groups. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. AT: "at the last house as they were leaving the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/15.md). + +# Gittites + +Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md). + +# six hundred men + +"600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/19.md b/2sa/15/19.md index aec50e694a..cda03934d0 100644 --- a/2sa/15/19.md +++ b/2sa/15/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Ittai -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Gittite -* **Ittai** - The name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gittite** - This is the name of a people group. -* **Why did you go you with us, too?** - This is indicating that the king had not asked them to go along. AT: "I do not want to cause you to wonder around with us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Since you just left yesterday** - This is exaggeration used for emphasis. Ittai the Gittite had been with David at least 20 years. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **May loyalty and faithfulness go with you** - "May Yahweh bless you always." +Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md). + +# Why will you come with us? + +This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You do not need to go with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# why should I make you wander all over with us? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I do not want to cause you to wander around with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Since you just left yesterday + +Here "yesterday" is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. AT: "Since you have lived here only a short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# May loyalty and faithfulness go with you + +This is a blessing that David is giving to him. AT: "May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/21.md b/2sa/15/21.md index 315bdb1786..cebce192f7 100644 --- a/2sa/15/21.md +++ b/2sa/15/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. AT: "I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# your servant -* **As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives** - He is making a solemn promise. "I solemnly promise" -* **whether that means living or dying** - "even if I get killed supporting you" -* **All the country wept with a loud voice ** - This deliberate exaggeration is used to emphasize the concern for King David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Kidron Valley** - The name of a place just outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Ittai refers to himself this way to honor the king. + +# whether that means living or dying + +"even if I get killed supporting you" + +# All the country wept with a loud voice + +Many of the people of Israel wept loudly when they saw the king leaving. Here this is generalized by saying that the whole country wept. AT: "All the people along the road wept" or "Many of the people wept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# with a loud voice + +Here the many people who were weeping are spoken of as if they shared one loud voice. AT: "loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Kidron Valley + +This is the name of a place near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/24.md b/2sa/15/24.md index 12476cf6e9..3a6f5709f3 100644 --- a/2sa/15/24.md +++ b/2sa/15/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I find favor in the eyes of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +Here the "eyes of Yahweh" refer to Yahweh's thoughts and opinion. If you "find favor" with someone it means that they are pleased with you. AT: "Yahweh is pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# where he lives -* **find favor in the eyes of Yahweh** - Here "eyes" refers to presence. AT: "Yahweh is pleased with me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"where his presence is." The ark of the covenant symbolizes Yahweh's presence. This refers to the place where the ark is. AT: "where it is kept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/27.md b/2sa/15/27.md index 2b4150deed..1196987bb2 100644 --- a/2sa/15/27.md +++ b/2sa/15/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Ahimaaz -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Abiathar -* **Zadok... Ahimaaz... Abiathar... Jonathan** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **"Are you not a seer?** - AT: "You will find out what is happening." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **See** - This is just used to continue the quotation. -* **until word comes from you to inform me** - "until a messenger comes from you to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 8:17](../08/15.md). + +# Are you not a seer? + +This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok and can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will be able to find out what is happening." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See + +Here this word means for the listener to pay attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# until word comes from you + +This refers to him sending a messenger to the king. AT: "until you send a messenger to me to inform me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to inform me + +Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. AT: "to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/30.md b/2sa/15/30.md index bf3964b4fd..7527a13034 100644 --- a/2sa/15/30.md +++ b/2sa/15/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# barefoot -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +wearing no shoes or sandals -## translationNotes +# his head covered -* **barefoot** - wearing no shoes or sandals on his feet -* **his head covered** - a sign of mourning and shame -* **Ahithophel** - This is the name of a person. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:15:11]]. -* **conspirators** - people who join together against someone else -* **please turn Ahithophel's advice into foolishness** - AT: "please do not let Ahithophel's plans to defeat me succeed" +This is a sign of mourning and shame. AT: "his head covered in mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Ahithophel + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:11](./11.md). + +# conspirators + +people who join together against someone else + +# please turn Ahithophel's advice into foolishness + +David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphel's advice foolish and useless. AT: "please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/32.md b/2sa/15/32.md index acbbed0e95..c58e84bee9 100644 --- a/2sa/15/32.md +++ b/2sa/15/32.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:counselor|advice]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant]] +"It happened." This phrase marks the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# at the top of the road -* **It came about** - AT: "It happened" -* **where God used to be worshiped** - "where people once worshiped God" (See: [[:en/ta/vol2/translate/figs_activepassive]]) -* **Hushai** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Archite** - This is the name of a people group. (See: [[en:obe:other:peoplegroup]]) -* **with his coat torn and earth on his head** - This is an act of shame or repentance. +The word "top" is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. AT: "at the top of the hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where God used to be worshiped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where people once worshiped God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hushai + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Arkite + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with his coat torn and earth on his head + +This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word "earth" means dirt. AT: "He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will confuse Ahithophel's advice for me + +David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. AT: "you can serve me by by opposing Ahithophel's advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/35.md b/2sa/15/35.md index 060e9a9edc..87c5fc2156 100644 --- a/2sa/15/35.md +++ b/2sa/15/35.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you? -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# whatever you hear -* **And will you not have there with you Zadok and Abiathar the priests?** - This question is asked to show that Hushai the Archite will not be alone. AT: "Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]} -* **So whatever you hear in the king’s palace, you must tell it to Zadok and Abiathar the priests.** - This is why David wanted Hushai to remain behind, so he could be a spy and pass information along through the priests. -* **Ahimaaz... Jonathan** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **You must send to me by their hand ** - AT: "The sons will tell me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Ahimaaz ... Jonathan + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# by their hand + +The phrase "their hand" refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. AT: "their sons to tell me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/intro.md b/2sa/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdeed3ddd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of Absalom's attempted revolt. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Absalom's conspiracy ##### +For four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a "conspiracy." David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win people's loyalty: "So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/01.md b/2sa/16/01.md index 3782b3c240..f52834005e 100644 --- a/2sa/16/01.md +++ b/2sa/16/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Ziba -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fig|fig]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:household|household]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Mephibosheth -* **Ziba** - a man's name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mephibosheth** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:2sa:04:04]]. -* **saddled donkeys** - "donkeys wearing small seats for a rider" -* **two hundred...one hundred** - "200...100" (See: [[en/ta/vol2/translate/translate_numbers]]) -* **loaves of bread** - "cakes of bread" -* **clusters of raisins...bunches of figs** - a cluster or a bunch refers to cakes of raisins or figs pressed together into larger blocks -* **raisins** - AT: "dried grapes" -* **faint** - "very, very tired" +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). + +# two hundred loaves ... one hundred clusters ... one hundred bunches + +"200 loaves ... 100 clusters ... 100 bunches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# loaves of bread + +"cakes of bread" + +# clusters of raisins ... bunches of figs + +These phrases refer to raisins or figs pressed together. + +# raisins + +"dried grapes" + +# a skin of wine + +"a wineskin full of wine" + +# faint + +"very, very tired" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/03.md b/2sa/16/03.md index 80837401f0..53c2f62504 100644 --- a/2sa/16/03.md +++ b/2sa/16/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# your master's grandson -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] +"Mephibosheth, your master's grandson" -## translationNotes +# grandson -* **grandson** - a man or woman's son or daughter's son -* **house of Israel** - This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Mephibosheth** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:2sa:04:04]]. +the son of one's son or daughter + +# Look + +Here this word is used to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# house of Israel + +This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will restore my father's kingdom to me + +Having a descendant of Saul being allowed to rule is spoken of as the kingdom being restored to their family. AT: "will allow me to rule the kingdom that my grandfather ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Mephibosheth + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). + +# I bow in humility to you + +Ziba is not literally bowing before the king when he is speaking here. This means that he will serve the king with the same amount of humility he would be showing if he were literally bowing before him. AT: "I will humbly serve you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let me find favor in your eyes + +The phrase "find favor" means to be approved of by someone. Also, "eyes" is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "I want you to be pleased with me" or "I desire you for to be pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/05.md b/2sa/16/05.md index 72ed780e73..0062349166 100644 --- a/2sa/16/05.md +++ b/2sa/16/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Bahurim -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/14.md). -## translationNotes +# Shimei ... Gera -* **Bahurim** - This is the name of a city (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shimei... Gera** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **bodyguards** - These are men who protect an important person. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in spite of + +"even though there was" + +# bodyguards + +These are men who protect an important person. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/07.md b/2sa/16/07.md index e1cae6fc2b..d69cc87522 100644 --- a/2sa/16/07.md +++ b/2sa/16/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# villain -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:en/obe/kt/curse]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +someone who is evil, a criminal or lawbreaker -## translationNotes +# man of blood -* **villain** - someone who is evil, a criminal or lawbreaker -* **man of blood** - David, who has killed many in battle - AT: "man of killing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh has repaid all of you for the blood of Saul's family** - AT: "Yahweh has given you the same defeat and death that you gave to Saul's family" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* ** into the hand of Absalom your son** - Here "hand" refers to control. AT: "into the control of Absalom your son." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "blood" refers to all of men he was responsible for killing in battle. AT: "murderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh has repaid + +Yahweh repays them by punishing them. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Yahweh has punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for the blood you shed within the family of Saul + +Here "blood" refer to people who were killed from Saul's family. The king was responsible for them dying. AT: "for killing many of Saul's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in whose place you have reigned + +David reigned as king over the same people whom Saul had previously reigned. AT: "in whose place you have reigned as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# into the hand of Absalom + +Here "hand" refers to control. AT: "into the control of Absalom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/09.md b/2sa/16/09.md index 3d0963db00..cbe27e0abf 100644 --- a/2sa/16/09.md +++ b/2sa/16/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Abishai -* [[en:tw:David]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|master]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Zeruiah -* **Abishai... Zeruiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Why should this dead dog curse my master the king?** - Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. AT: "This worthless man must not speak to the king this way." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **this dead dog** - "this worthless man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah?** - This question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Perhaps he is cursing me because** - AT: "He may be cursing me because" -* **could** - "can" +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Why should this dead dog curse my master the king? + +Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This dead dog must not speak to the king this way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this dead dog + +Here the man is being described as worthless by being compared to a dead dog. AT: "this worthless man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah? + +This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I do not want to know what you think!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Perhaps he is cursing me because + +"He may be cursing me because" + +# Who then could say to him, 'Why are you cursing the king? + +This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is "no one." This can be written as a statement. AT: "No one then can ask him, 'Why are you cursing the king?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/11.md b/2sa/16/11.md index 12d15369e2..1c2f83ea4c 100644 --- a/2sa/16/11.md +++ b/2sa/16/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# my son, who was born from my body -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamite]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. AT: "my own son" or "my dear son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# wants to take my life -* **Leave him alone and let him curse,** - AT: "Do not stop him from cursing me," (See: [[:en/ta/vol1/translate/figs_idiom]]) -* **Perhaps Yahweh will look at the misery unleashed on me, and repay me with good for his cursing me today.** - AT: "It may happen that Yahweh will look at the difficulty I have had, and instead give me good for his cursing me today." +This is a polite way to refer to killing someone. AT: "wants to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# How much more may this Benjamite now desire my ruin? + +David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!" or "I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# desire my ruin + +Here David describes the man's desire to kill him as if David were something that the man wanted to ruin. AT: "desire me to be killed" or "desire to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Leave him alone and let him curse + +Here the phrase "leave him alone" means to not stop him from what he is doing. AT: "Do not stop him from cursing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will look at + +Here "looking" means "considering." AT: "will consider" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the misery unleashed on me + +Here David speaks of misery as if it were a dangerous animal that the Benjamite unleashed on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/13.md b/2sa/16/13.md index c309d821c8..ed5d04b98a 100644 --- a/2sa/16/13.md +++ b/2sa/16/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Shimei went beside him up on the hillside -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Shimei went beside him up on the hillside** - Shimei was walking parallel to David and his men, though Shimei was up higher on the hillside. +Shimei was walking parallel to David and his men, though Shimei was up higher on the hillside. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/15.md b/2sa/16/15.md index 0e5da8980b..dee0998625 100644 --- a/2sa/16/15.md +++ b/2sa/16/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ahithophel -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hushai -* **Ahithophel... Hushai, ** - These are the names of men. (See how you translated these names in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/11]] and in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/32]]) -* **It came about** - AT: "It happened that" -* **Archite** - This is the name of a people group. +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It came about + +"It happened that." This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Arkite + +See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/17.md b/2sa/16/17.md index fe8e85a620..318be0b720 100644 --- a/2sa/16/17.md +++ b/2sa/16/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# loyalty -* [[en:tw:en/obe/kt/covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +a strong feeling of support and love -## translationNotes +# Is this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with him? -* **loyalty** - a strong feeling of support and love -* **Is this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with him?** - These questions are asked to criticize Hushai. AT: "You have been loyal to David, so you should be with him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the one whom Yahweh** - AT: "Absalom, whom Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These rhetorical questions are asked to criticize Hushai. They can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have been a loyal friend to David; you should have gone with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the one whom Yahweh + +Hushai is referring to Absalom. + +# the one whom ... that is the man ... with him + +Here Hushai is referring to Absalom in the third person to take emphasize off of him and place it on Yahweh and the people who chose him. This can be written in second person. AT: "you are the one whom ... you are the man ... with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/19.md b/2sa/16/19.md index e661442ff1..5b7497a383 100644 --- a/2sa/16/19.md +++ b/2sa/16/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# what man should I serve? Should I not serve in the presence of his son? -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes - -* **what man should I serve? Should I not serve in the presence of his son?** - AT: "I should serve you, for you are David's son." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Hushai asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he wants to serve Absalom. They can be written as a statement. AT: "I should serve only David's son, so I will serve in his presence." or "I should serve you, for you are David's son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/20.md b/2sa/16/20.md index 5c306e6bb8..57c1fd000b 100644 --- a/2sa/16/20.md +++ b/2sa/16/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ahithophel -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/concubine]] -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/counselor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hands]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# to keep the palace -* **Ahithophel** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/11]]. -* **all Israel** - AT: "all the people in the nation of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **become a stench to your father** - AT: "You have become offensive to your father" or "you have become an enemy to your father" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the hands of all who are with you will be strong** - AT: "that news will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The phrase "to keep" means to take care of. AT: "to take care of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# become a stench to your father + +Ahithophel speaks of Absalom offending his father as if he would become something that had a strong and offensive odor. AT: "become offensive to your father" or "greatly insulted father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then the hands of all who are with you will be strong + +Here the people who followed Absalom are referred to by their hands. The news will strengthen the peoples' loyalty to Absalom and encourage them. This can be stated clearly. AT: "The news of this will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/22.md b/2sa/16/22.md index 5fec5d39a6..47148e78d9 100644 --- a/2sa/16/22.md +++ b/2sa/16/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# spread -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:counselor|advice]] -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/concubine]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +"set up" -## translationNotes +# in the sight of all Israel -* **in the sight of all Israel** - Here "sight" refers to anyone being able to see this and know what was happening, though not everyone did see it. AT: "so that anyone can see it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself** - Here "mouth" represents the whole authority of God. AT: "as if God had said it with his own mouth." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **viewed** - "understood" or "accepted" +This means that people were able to see the tent and Absalom walking in and out of the tent with the women. The phrase "all of Israel" is a generalization, for only people near the palace could see it. AT: "where the Israelites could see him go into the tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Now the advice of Ahithophel ... was as if a man heard + +Here the author compare how much people trusted Ahithophel's advice with how much they would trust advice directly from God. AT: "Now people trusted the advice of Ahithophel in those days in the same way they would have trusted it if had come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself + +Here God's mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. AT: "as if God had said it with his own mouth" or "as if a man heard it spoken by God himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# viewed + +"understood" or "accepted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/intro.md b/2sa/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25a38cd36e --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Samuel 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Absalom seeks advice from David's advisers ##### +David's best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king's property, having sexual relations with a king's concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Simile ##### +To show how seriously people took Ahithophel's advice, the author used a [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to God's advice. "Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself." + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/01.md b/2sa/17/01.md index 2a691a9bba..642d85c73c 100644 --- a/2sa/17/01.md +++ b/2sa/17/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Ahithophel -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|arise]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# twelve thousand men -* **Ahithophel** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/11]]. -* **twelve thousand men** - 12,000 men (See: [[en/ta/vol2/translate/translate_numbers]]) -* **pursue** - "chase" -* **all the people** - This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **What Ahithophel said pleased Absalom** - AT: "What Ahithophel avised pleased Absalom" +"12,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# arise and + +"begin to" + +# come on + +"come to" + +# weary and weak + +These words mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how weak David was. AT: "weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# will surprise him with fear + +Here the word "fear" can be expressed with the adjective "afraid." AT: "will surprise him and make him afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will attack only the king + +It is implied that he intends to kill the king. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I will kill only the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bring back all the people + +This refers to all of the people who were with David. AT: "bring back all of the people who were with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like a bride coming to her husband + +Here Ahithophel speaks of the peoples' happiness by comparing it to a bride's happiness. AT: "and they will come happily, like a bride is happy when she comes to her husband" or "and they will come happily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# be at peace + +This means to have peace or to live peacefully. AT: "live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# under you + +This refers to being under the king's authority. AT: "under your authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/05.md b/2sa/17/05.md index d77aa0a639..26d600ea19 100644 --- a/2sa/17/05.md +++ b/2sa/17/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Hushai the Arkite -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:counselor|advise, advice]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). -## translationNotes +# Ahithophel -* **Hushai the Archite** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/32]]. Archite is the name of a people group. -* **Ahithophel** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/11]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/08.md b/2sa/17/08.md index e107029c4e..eaadae4e15 100644 --- a/2sa/17/08.md +++ b/2sa/17/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# they are like a bear robbed of her cubs -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry]] -* [[en:tw:bear]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|afraid]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty]] +The anger of the soldiers here is being compared to that of a mother bear who cubs are taken from her. AT: "they are angry, like a mother bear whose cubs have been take from her" or "they are very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# a bear -* **they are like a bear robbed of her cubs** - Cubs are baby animals or young animals. AT: "Their anger is like that of a large, dangerous animal whose young ones have been taken from her." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Right now** - "At this very point of time" -* **pit** - a deep hole in the ground -* **whose hearts are like the heart of a lion** - AT: "who are as brave as a lion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **all Israel knows** - AT: "all the people of Israel know" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +a large furry animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth + +# is a man of war + +This means that his has fought in many battles and knows well the ways of war. AT: "has fought in many battles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Look + +Here this word is used to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# pit + +a deep hole in the ground + +# or in some other place + +This is another place he may be hiding. AT: "or hidden in some other place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# when some of your men have been killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when his soldiers kill some of your men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A slaughter has taken place among the soldiers who follow Absalom + +The noun "slaughter" means an event where many people are brutally killed. This can be expressed as a verb. AT: "Many of the soldiers who follow Absalom have been slaughtered" or "The enemy soldiers have killed many of the soldiers who follow Absalom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# whose hearts are like the heart of a lion + +Here the soldiers are refers to by their "hearts." Also, their strong bravery is compared to that of a lion's. AT: "who are as brave as lions" or "who are very brave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/11.md b/2sa/17/11.md index 455eec9ac5..274fc2bf3c 100644 --- a/2sa/17/11.md +++ b/2sa/17/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# that all Israel should be gathered together to you -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:counselor|advise]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|alive]] +This can be stated in active form. Also, here "all Israel" represents only the Israelite soldiers. AT: "that you should gather together all of the Israelite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# from Dan to Beersheba -* **from Dan to Beersheba** - This phrase meant from the northern border of Israel to the southern border, or, "the whole nation." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **as numerous as the sands that are by the sea** - All the grains of sand on a beach are compared to all the people of Israel, meaning the whole nation will follow Absalom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) AT: "a very large number of people" -* **we will cover him as the dew falls on the ground** - Absalom's army is described as covering David's army like the dew covers the ground in the morning. AT: "we will completely defeat David's army." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **dew** - the fog or misty cloud of water that can fall onto the ground during the night, covering the ground and leaving it wet in the morning -* **him himself** - Both these words refer to David. AT: "David himself" (See: [[:en/ta/vol2/translate/figs_rpronouns]]) +This phrase means from the northern border of Israel to the southern border. AT: "from the whole nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# as numerous as the sands that are by the sea + +This is an exaggeration where all the grains of sand on a beach are compared to the number of Israelite soldiers. AT: "so many that they can barely be counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# that you go to battle in person + +The phrase "in person" means to go yourself and not send someone else instead. AT: "then lead them yourself into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# come on him + +This means to purposefully go to where he is and then to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we will cover him as the dew falls on the ground + +Absalom's army is described as covering David's army like the dew covers the ground in the morning. AT: "we will overwhelm and completely defeat David's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# dew + +the fog or misty cloud of water that can fall onto the ground during the night, covering the ground and leaving it wet in the morning + +# We will not leave even one of his men ... alive + +This negative sentence is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. AT: "We will kill every one of his men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# him himself + +Both these words refer to David. AT: "David himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/13.md b/2sa/17/13.md index efa1dc5e60..5f7bec8e82 100644 --- a/2sa/17/13.md +++ b/2sa/17/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# then all Israel -* [[en:tw:ordain]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|rejection]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to Israel's soldiers, not to all of Israel. AT: "then all of our soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# will bring ropes to that city and we will drag it into the river -* **then all Israel will bring ropes to that city and we will drag it into the river, until there is no longer even a small stone found there** - This statement of Hushai uses the anger of Absalom's men against David to cause them to accept Hushai's advice. AT: "We will totally destroy any city where David hides." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Hushai the Archite** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/32]]. Archite is the name of a people group. -* **Ahithophel** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/11]]. -* **ordained** - "planned" +This means that the soldiers would tear down the city walls and drag the pieces to river. AT: "will destroy the city and drag the stones to the river with ropes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# until there is no longer even a small stone found there + +This is an exaggeration to describe how completely they will destroy the city. The would not literally sweep away every small stone from the city. AT: "until the city is completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Hushai the Arkite + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). Arkite is the name of a people group. + +# Ahithophel + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/11.md). + +# the rejection of Ahithophel's good advice + +The word "rejection" can be expressed with the verb "reject." AT: "for the men of Israel to reject Ahithophel's good advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to bring destruction on Absalom + +To "bring" something on someone means to cause it to happen to them. AT: "to cause a disaster to happen to Absalom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/15.md b/2sa/17/15.md index 66f2989567..1c6321b7ee 100644 --- a/2sa/17/15.md +++ b/2sa/17/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Zadok ... Abiathar -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:counselor|advised]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priests]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 15:24-25](../15/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# in such and such a way -* **Hushai... Zadok... Abiathar... Ahithophel... Absalom** - These are the name of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) See how you translated Zadok and Abiathar in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/24]]. -* **in such and such a way** - This phrase refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom, which has already been recorded in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/17/01]]. So, the writer does not repeat that here. AT: (do not translate this phrase) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the fords of the Arabah** - A ford is a shallow part of a river where people can walk across. The Arabah is the land along both sides of the Jordan river. -* **by all means** - AT: "it is very important to" -* **the king will be swallowed up** - Swallowed up refers here to the king being killed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This phrase, meaning "like this," refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom earlier in [2 Samuel 17:1-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the fords of the Arabah + +A ford is a shallow part of a river where people can walk across. The Arabah is the land along both sides of the Jordan River. + +# by all means + +This means to make sure that you do something. AT: "be sure to" or "make sure that you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the king will be swallowed up + +Here the king and his people being killed is describes as if they were "swallowed" by their enemy. AT: "the king will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/17.md b/2sa/17/17.md index a2b9cacb6a..adaacb927a 100644 --- a/2sa/17/17.md +++ b/2sa/17/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Jonathan ... Ahimaaz -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant]] -* [[en:tw:well]] -* [[en:tw:well|well]] +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# When the message came -* **Jonathan... Ahimaaz... Absalom** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) See how you translated Jonathan and Ahimaaz in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/27]]. -* **spring of Rogel... Bahurim** - These are the name of places, both near Jerusalem. Bahurim is a small town. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here the "message" is spoken of as coming to them, when really it is the woman who came to then bringing the message. AT: "When she brought them a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this time + +"one time" + +# So Jonathan and Ahimaaz went away + +It is implied that they found out that the young man had told Absalom about them being there. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Jonathan and Ahimaaz found out what the young man had done, so they went away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# spring of En Rogel ... Bahurim + +These are the name of places, both near Jerusalem. Bahurim is a small town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they descended + +"they lowered themselves and hid" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/19.md b/2sa/17/19.md index 784984f98d..d70cad01da 100644 --- a/2sa/17/19.md +++ b/2sa/17/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the woman of the house -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/well]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +"the man's wife" -## translationNotes +# Ahimaaz ... Jonathan -* **tossed** - "gently threw" -* **Ahimaaz... Jonathan** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) See how you translated Jonathan and Ahimaaz in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/27]]. +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/21.md b/2sa/17/21.md index 35c07d3987..145151a242 100644 --- a/2sa/17/21.md +++ b/2sa/17/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/well]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water]] +"It happened." This phrase marks the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# cross quickly over the water -* **It came about** - "It happened" -* **Jonathan and Ahimaaz** - See how you translated these men's names in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/15/27]]. -* **cross quickly over the water** - Here "the water" refers to the Jordan River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **has given such and such advice** - This refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom, which is recorded in [[:en/bible/notes/2sa/17/01]]. So, the writer does not repeat that here. AT: "has advised that Absalom send him to attack you now." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **By morning daylight not one of them had failed to cross over the Jordan** - AT: "By morning daylight they had all crossed the Jordan." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here "the water" refers to the Jordan River. AT: "cross quickly over the river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has given such and such advice + +The idiom "such and such" is used in the place of information that is already know by the reader. Here it refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom in [2 Samuel 17:1-3](./01.md). This information can be stated clearly. AT: "has advised that Absalom send him with an army to attack you now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# By morning daylight not one of them had failed to cross over the Jordan + +This negative sentence is used to emphasize that they all crossed the river. It can be stated in a positive form. AT: "By morning daylight every one of them had crossed over the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/23.md b/2sa/17/23.md index 94cd58837e..2f67ce27c3 100644 --- a/2sa/17/23.md +++ b/2sa/17/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# saw -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:bury|buried]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:counselor|advice]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|died]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey]] -* [[en:tw:hang]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb]] +"knew" or "realized" -## translationNotes +# his advice had not been followed -* **saw** - "knew" or "understood" -* **saddled** - to place a blanket or small leather seat on a donkey or horse for the rider to sit on -* **set his affairs in order** - He told his family what to do with his possessions after he died and explained to them his death. AT: "He explained his death to his family and got them ready for it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Absalom had not followed his advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# saddled + +to place a blanket or small leather seat on a donkey or horse for the rider to sit on + +# set his affairs in order + +He prepared for his death by telling his family what to do after he died. AT: "he prepared for his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# In this way + +"And this is how" + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/24.md b/2sa/17/24.md index 57d13f2dda..de04d54e21 100644 --- a/2sa/17/24.md +++ b/2sa/17/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Mahanaim ... Gilead -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Translate the names of these places the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:8-9](../02/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Amasa ... Joab ... Jether ... Nahash -* **Mahanaim ... Gilead** - These are the names of places. See how you translated these place names in [[en/bible/notes/2sa/02/08]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Absalom ... Amasa ... Joab ... Jether ... Nahash** - These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joab's mother) in [[en/bible/notes/2sa/02/12]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Israelite** - Some versions say "Ishmaelite" -* **Abigail ... Zeruiah** - these are the names of women. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joab's mother) in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ishmaelite + +This word means that the person is descended from Ishmael. Some versions say "Israelite" here. See the footnote. You may want to choose the word that is used in the majority language Bible in your area. + +# Abigail ... Zeruiah + +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/27.md b/2sa/17/27.md index b7594b7b6c..3e80bea98a 100644 --- a/2sa/17/27.md +++ b/2sa/17/27.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammonites]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/honey]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# Mahanaim ... Rabbah ... Lo Debar ... Rogelim -* **Shobi ... Nahash ... Machir ... Ammiel ... Barzillai** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mahanaim ... Rabbah ... Lo Debar ... Rogelim** - These are the names of cities or places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ammonites ... Gileadite** - These are the names of people groups. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **sleeping mats and blankets** - a mat is something soft to sleep on, and a blanket is a cloth or wool covering for warmth -* **flour** - when grain is crushed into powder that powder is called "flour," which is used to make bread -* **roasted** - "cooked" -* **beans** - different kinds of seeds that are cooked and eaten -* **lentils** - a kind of seed that is cooked and eaten -* **curds** - milk that has soured and has become solid. Cheese is made from curds. -* **thirsty** - in need of water or some other drink +These are the names of cities or places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shobi ... Nahash ... Machir ... Ammiel ... Barzillai + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ammonites ... Gileadite + +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# sleeping mats and blankets + +A mat is something soft to sleep on, and a blanket is a cloth covering for warmth. + +# flour + +Flour is crushed grain made into powder and used to make bread. + +# roasted + +"cooked" + +# beans + +seeds that are cooked and eaten + +# lentils + +a kind of seed that is cooked and eaten + +# curds + +milk that has soured and become solid + +# thirsty + +in need of water or some other drink \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/intro.md b/2sa/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cb582ad44b --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Samuel 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Confusion ##### +Ahithophel gives good advise to Absalom, but Hushai confuses Absalom. God is using the misleading advice to protect David, his king. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/01.md b/2sa/18/01.md index 81273d3706..464af34657 100644 --- a/2sa/18/01.md +++ b/2sa/18/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# David counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|sent out]] +David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. AT: "David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed" or "David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# captains of thousands and captains of hundreds -* **thousands and ... hundreds** - 1000's and ... 100's (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **captain** - a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers -* **Abishai ... Zeruiah ... Ittai** - men's names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gittite** - a person from Gath, a Philistine city and land (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. AT: "captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# captains + +A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers. + +# one-third ... another third + +"one-third of the army ... another third of the army." A "third" is one part out of three equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# Abishai ... Zeruiah + +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ittai + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gittite + +This refers to a person from Gath, which is a Philistine city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I will certainly go out with you myself, too + +This means that he will go out with them to battle. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I myself will go with you to battle" or "I personally will go with you into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/03.md b/2sa/18/03.md index a8b719b316..795f436a14 100644 --- a/2sa/18/03.md +++ b/2sa/18/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# half of us -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +The word "half" refers to one out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# you are worth ten thousand of us -* **half of us** - one out of two. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **you are worth ten thousand of us** - AT: "they would rather kill you than to kill many of us" or "it is more important that you live than that many of us live" or "you are special, and we cannot replace you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **ten thousand** - "10,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **by hundreds and by thousands** - "by 100's and by 1000's" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This means that the enemy army considering killing David of greater worth than killing 10,000 of the other men. The number 10,000 here is an exaggeration used to emphasize a very great number of people. AT: "they would rather kill you than to kill 10,000 of us" or "killing you is worth more to them than killing a great number of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# ten thousand + +"10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# that you be ready to help us from the city + +David could help them from the city by advising them and sending men to help them. This can be stated clearly. AT: "that you stay here in the city and send help to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/05.md b/2sa/18/05.md index a1a9baecea..ed4ce98b0c 100644 --- a/2sa/18/05.md +++ b/2sa/18/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Abishai -* [[en:tw:absalom]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Ittai -* **Joab ... Abishai ... Ittai** - mens' names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Deal gently for my sake with the young man, with Absalom + +"For my sake, do not harm the young man, Absalom." The phrase "Deal gently" means to be kind to someone and not to harm them. + +# my sake + +"my well-being" or "my account" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/06.md b/2sa/18/06.md index efb907e9a0..d247f95e70 100644 --- a/2sa/18/06.md +++ b/2sa/18/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# went out into the countryside against Israel -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This means that they went out and fought against them in battle. AT: "went out into the countryside and fought against Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# against Israel -* **more men were consumed by the forest than by the sword** - "dangerous things in the forest killed more men than David's soldiers killed with their swords" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Here "Israel" refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. AT: "against the Israelite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The army of Israel was defeated there before the soldiers of David + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There the soldiers of David defeated the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a great slaughter + +an event where many people are brutally killed + +# twenty thousand men + +"20,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# more men were consumed by the forest than by the sword + +Here "the forest" is described as if it were alive and could act. "The sword" refers to David's soldiers who fought with swords. AT: "dangerous things in the forest killed more men than David's soldiers killed with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/09.md b/2sa/18/09.md index 8d26ea5e70..7eb4bcd945 100644 --- a/2sa/18/09.md +++ b/2sa/18/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Absalom happened to meet some of David's soldiers -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This is an event that happened during the battle. This can be stated clearly. AT: "During the battle, Absalom happened to meet some of David's soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# his head was caught up in the tree branches -* **Look** - AT; "Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you." -* **dangling** - hanging or swinging loosely -* **strike him down to the ground?** - This question is asked to rebuke the soldier for not killing the Absalom. AT: "you did not kill him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Why did you not strike him down to the ground?** - AT: "You should have struck him down to the ground!" or "You should have killed him right there and then!" -* **belt** - "a special belt that shows people that you are a great soldier and they should honor you" +Absalom had long hair that got caught in the tree branches. AT: "his hair was caught in the tree branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dangling + +hanging or swinging loosely + +# between the ground and the sky + +"in the air" + +# Look + +Here this word is used to draw a person's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# Why did you not strike him down to the ground? + +This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. This question can be written as a statement. The phrase "strike down" means to kill. AT: "You should have struck him down to the ground!" or "You should have killed him immediately!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# ten silver shekels + +This can be written in modern units. AT: "ten silver coins" or "110 grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# belt + +This is a special belt that shows people that someone is a great soldier and should be honored. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/12.md b/2sa/18/12.md index 222d510104..ad66470a7d 100644 --- a/2sa/18/12.md +++ b/2sa/18/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a thousand silver shekels -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +"1,000 silver shekels." This can be stated in modern units. AT: "1,000 silver coins" or "11 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# would not have reached out my hand against the king's son -* **reached out my hand against the king’s son** - AT: "attacked the king's son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The phrase "reached out my hand" means to attack. AT: "would not have attacked the king's son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# No one must touch + +Here "touching" refers to "harming." AT: "No none must harm" or "Do not harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a falsehood + +The word "falsehood" can be expressed with a verb phrase. Also, this refers to disobeying the king's command. This can be stated clearly. AT: "doing something that is wrong" or "by disobeying the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there is nothing hidden from the king + +Here the man speaks about how the king knows about almost everything that happens as if everything were a physical object he knew the location of. AT: "there is nothing that the king does not know" or "the king hears about everything that happens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/14.md b/2sa/18/14.md index 65aa6682b1..64c0667692 100644 --- a/2sa/18/14.md +++ b/2sa/18/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will not wait for you -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:hang]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Joab meant that he should not continue talking to the man. AT: "I will not waste anymore time talking to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# heart of Absalom -* **heart** - "body" or "chest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here Absalom's heart refers to his chest or upper body. AT: "chest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# armor + +This refers to both the armor he would wear to protect himself and to his weapons. AT: "armor and weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/16.md b/2sa/18/16.md index b7bdece049..95baea72cb 100644 --- a/2sa/18/16.md +++ b/2sa/18/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Joab blew the trumpet, and the army returned from pursuing Israel, for Joab held back the army -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This describes what Joab commanded by blowing the trumpet. AT: "Then Joab blew the trumpet to call back the army, and the army returned from pursuing Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# returned from pursuing Israel -* **returned from pursuing Israel** - "returned from following those men who had followed Absalom and trying to kill or capture them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **large pit** - AT: "very big hole in the ground" -* **fled** - AT: "ran away" +Here "Israel" refers to the Israelite army. AT: "returned from pursuing the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# They took Absalom and threw him + +"They took Absalom's body and threw it" + +# they buried his body under a very large pile of stones + +After putting his body in the pit they covered it with a pile of stones. This can be stated more clearly. AT: "they covered his body with a huge pile of stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# while all Israel fled + +Here "all Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers. The word "fled" means "ran away." AT: "while all the Israelite soldiers ran away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/18.md b/2sa/18/18.md index 37fe7c51e1..5c9cdc53c7 100644 --- a/2sa/18/18.md +++ b/2sa/18/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the King's Valley -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# to carry along the memory of my name -* **to carry along the memory of my name** - "to remind people of me so they will never forget me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Absalom uses the phrase "my name" to refer to himself and his family line. AT: "to carry on my family name, by which people would remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so it is called Absalom's Monument to this very day + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so people called it Absalom's Monument from that day on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to this very day + +This refers to the present time when this book of the Bible was written. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/19.md b/2sa/18/19.md index 663217d39f..9cd71e0a32 100644 --- a/2sa/18/19.md +++ b/2sa/18/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Ahimaaz -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# run to the king with the good news -* **Ahimaaz ... Zadok** - a man's name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the bearer of news** - "the one who tells the news" +Here Ahimaaz speaks of running to go and tell the king the good news as if the good news were a object that he were carrying. AT: "run to tell the king the good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hand of his enemies + +Here "hand" refers to control. AT: "the control of his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the bearer of news + +"the one who tells the news" + +# you will bear no news + +This refers to not bearing the news to the king. AT: "you will not tell the news to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/21.md b/2sa/18/21.md index ce7eae305e..129f66646f 100644 --- a/2sa/18/21.md +++ b/2sa/18/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] - -## translationNotes +# tell the king what you have seen +Joab is telling him to go and tell the king about the news of the battle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/24.md b/2sa/18/24.md index ac5e437199..85b7bcbb2a 100644 --- a/2sa/18/24.md +++ b/2sa/18/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline and the beginning of a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# raised his eyes -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and the beginning of a new part of the story. -* **watchman** - a person who guards property from thieves -* **there is news in his mouth** - AT: "he has come to tell us what happened" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the watchman looking to see something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. AT: "looked out beyond the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is news in his mouth + +Here the king speaks of the man having a message as if the news were an object sitting in his mouth. AT: "he has news to tell us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/26.md b/2sa/18/26.md index 095c7f082e..9271d55e34 100644 --- a/2sa/18/26.md +++ b/2sa/18/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# I think the running of the man in front is like the running of Ahimaaz son of Zadok -* [[en:tw:king]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Ahimaaz ... Zadok** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:2sa:18:18]] +The watchman compares the way the man ran to the way Ahimaaz runs to suggest that it may be him. AT: "I think the man running in front is Ahimaaz son Zadok, because he runs like Ahimaaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/28.md b/2sa/18/28.md index 7441df4440..5ba0bcd420 100644 --- a/2sa/18/28.md +++ b/2sa/18/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +He did this to honor the king. AT: "He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground to honor the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# Blessed be Yahweh -* **the men who lifted up their hand against my master the king** - "the men who opposed and fought against my master the king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **a great disturbance** - AT: "people acting as though things were not right" -* **Turn aside** - "Stand out of the way" +"Praise Yahweh." Here "bless" means to praise. + +# the men who lifted up their hand against my master the king + +Here Ahimaaz speaks of the men opposing the king as if they were were raising their hands before him. AT: "the men who opposed and fought against my master the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a great disturbance + +This means that people were acting as though things were not right. + +# Turn aside and stand here + +"Move out of the way" or "Stand aside" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/31.md b/2sa/18/31.md index f331a8b98a..270e3f102d 100644 --- a/2sa/18/31.md +++ b/2sa/18/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# rose up against -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +This means to oppose. AT: "opposed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# The enemies of my master the king, ... should be as that young man is -* **The enemies of my master the king, ... should be as that young man is.** - AT: "I would like all your enemies ... to die the way that young man died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The Cushite uses a comparison as a polite way to tell the king that Absalom is dead. This can be stated more directly. AT: "I would like all your enemies ... to die the way that young man died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# unnerved + +"upset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/intro.md b/2sa/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8399af7cba --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Samuel 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom's rebellion. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's mercy ##### +David reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David's army defeated Absalom's army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David's soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/01.md b/2sa/19/01.md index 345faa0981..f2e7846610 100644 --- a/2sa/19/01.md +++ b/2sa/19/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Joab was told -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:absalom|Absalom]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Joab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Look, the king is weeping +The word "Look" is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen, the king is weeping" + +# So the victory that day was turned into mourning for all the army + +This means that the whole army mourned instead of celebrating. AT "So instead of celebrating victory that day, the whole army mourned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/03.md b/2sa/19/03.md index 7fb03862ad..6662c03267 100644 --- a/2sa/19/03.md +++ b/2sa/19/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# like people who are ashamed sneak away when they run from battle -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The author compares the way that the soldiers had to sneak back into the city to the way that soldiers sneak away when they are running away from battle. This emphasizes that they were made to feel ashamed. AT: "in the same way that people who had run away from battle would sneak away because they were ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# sneak -* **sneak** - move without having others see +move without being seen by others + +# The king covered his face + +This is a way to express grief and mourning. AT: "The king showed his grief by covering his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/05.md b/2sa/19/05.md index 8376fc37fd..da4377646f 100644 --- a/2sa/19/05.md +++ b/2sa/19/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You have shamed the faces of all your soldiers today -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Here the soldiers are referred to by their face to emphasize how they would have hid their faces because of their shame" AT: "You have caused all your soldiers to hide their faces in shame today" or "You have caused all of your soldiers to be ashamed today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# nothing to you -* **You have shamed the faces of all your soldiers today** - Here "faces" refers to the soldier's pride. AT: "you have caused the soldiers to hide their faces in shame instead return in victory." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **nothing to you** - This phrase is expressing the very low value which David has for the army. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **if Absolom had lived, and we had all died, then that would have pleased you** - The speaker is introducing a hypothetical situation. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +This phrase is an exaggeration, but it expresses the very low value that David showed for the army. AT: "are worth very little to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# if Absalom had lived, and we all had died, then that would have pleased you + +The speaker is giving a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/07.md b/2sa/19/07.md index ca05378f37..bc51cf5ad6 100644 --- a/2sa/19/07.md +++ b/2sa/19/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I swear by Yahweh -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Joab is making a very strong oath. AT: "I swear, as surely as Yahweh is alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# if you do not go, not one man will remain with you -* **I swear by Yahweh** - Joab is making a very strong oath. -* **all the people ** - Here "the people" refers to the nation of Israel. It is unlikely that every person in the nation of Israel is present here, so this is likely an intentional exaggeration for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This means that only if David went would his soldiers remain with him. AT: "only if you go will any of your men remain with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# not one man will remain with you + +This refers to them remaining loyal to him. AT: "not one man will remain loyal to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all the people were told + +This is a generalization. It means most of the men. It can be stated in active form. AT: "many of the men who were there heard others saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Look, the king is sitting + +The word "Look" is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen, the king is sitting" + +# all the people + +Here "the people" refer to the people who followed David. Here "all" is an generalization. It means a large number came and gathered around him. AT: "many of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# So Israel fled, every man to his home + +Here "Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers who followed Absalom. AT: "And every Israelite soldier fled to his own home" or "And all of the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/09.md b/2sa/19/09.md index 0c6dff01fb..c87b7afe8e 100644 --- a/2sa/19/09.md +++ b/2sa/19/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# out of the hand of our enemies -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Here "hand" means control. AT: "from under the control of our enemies" or "from our enemies' control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the hand of the Philistines -* **Meanwhile** - while the events of [[:en:bible:notes:2sa:19:01]] were taking place -* **hand** - control and power (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **why are we not talking about bringing the king back?** - "We should be talking about bringing the king back!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "hand" means control. AT: "from under the control of the Philistines" or "from the Philistines' control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# out of the land because of Absalom + +This means that he had left the country fleeing from Absalom. This can be stated clearly. AT: "out of the country fleeing from Absalom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# why do you say nothing about bringing the king back? + +This means they should consider bringing David back now that Absalom was dead. The question may be written as a statement. AT: "we should be talking about bringing the king back." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the king + +This refers to David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/11.md b/2sa/19/11.md index e0bc072523..614bda0069 100644 --- a/2sa/19/11.md +++ b/2sa/19/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# sent to Zadok and to Abiathar -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +This means that David sent a messenger to Zadok and Abiathar. AT: "sent a messenger to Zadok and to Abiathar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Why are you the last to bring the king back ... to bring him back to his palace? -* **Why are you the last to bring the king back to his palace, since the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring him back to his palace?** - This question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. AT: "you should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?'** - This question continues the initial rebuke. In addition, the phrase "my flesh and bone" refers to the elders of Judah as an expression which means "family." AT: "You are my brothers, like my family. You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king."(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# since the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring + +The noun "talk" can be expressed with the verb "talk" or "speak." AT: "since all Israel speaks favorably about the king and desires to bring" or "since what the people of Israel are saying is in the king's favor, to bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to bring the king back to his palace + +Here restoring the king's authority to rule is spoken of as bringing him back to his palace. AT: "to restore the king's authority as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You are my brothers, my flesh and bone + +Here the king describes how they are related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. Also the implied words "you are" may be added to the second phrase. AT: "You are my brothers, my relatives" or "You are my brothers, you are my flesh and bone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Why then are you the last to bring back the king? + +This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/13.md b/2sa/19/13.md index 33847c4f15..dada65e049 100644 --- a/2sa/19/13.md +++ b/2sa/19/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Amasa -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Are you not my flesh and my bone? -* **Amasa** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **he won the hearts** - AT: "he won the loyalty" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the Jordan** - the Jordan River (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You are my flesh and my bones." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my flesh and my bone + +Here David speaks of them being related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 19:12](./11.md). AT: "my relative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God do so to me + +This is an idiom that means for God to kill him. AT: "May God kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he won the hearts + +Here the mens' loyalty is referred to as their "hearts." AT: "he won the loyalty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as one man + +This speaks of the men being united in their loyalty to the king as if they were one man with the same mind. AT: "and they were united together" or "they were united in their loyalty to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They sent to the king + +This means that they sent a messenger to the king. AT: "They sent a messenger to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/16.md b/2sa/19/16.md index dad4678607..bebccdc674 100644 --- a/2sa/19/16.md +++ b/2sa/19/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Gera ... Ziba -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:shimei]] +These are the names of men. Translate the name "Ziba" the same as you did in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Bahurim -* **Gera... Ziba** - the names of men (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Benjamite** - a member of the tribe of Benjamin -* **Bahurim** - the name of a place (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# one thousand men ... fifteen sons ... twenty servants + +"1,000 men ... 15 sons ... 20 servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the presence of the king + +This means that the king was there and was aware of what was happening. AT: "at the place where the king was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/19.md b/2sa/19/19.md index 1fdb5cfe7f..a594ec9c09 100644 --- a/2sa/19/19.md +++ b/2sa/19/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# call to mind -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This means "to remember." AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# your servant -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" or "think about." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **take it to heart** - Here "heart" refers to David's thinking. AT: "be seriously moved" or "become upset." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here Shimei refers to himself this way to humble himself before the king and honor the king. + +# not take it to heart + +"To take something to heart" means to think about something seriously or to be bothered by it. AT: "not be bothered by it" or "forget about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/21.md b/2sa/19/21.md index 05686752bd..94e8e7df0b 100644 --- a/2sa/19/21.md +++ b/2sa/19/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Abishai -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Zeruiah -* **Abishai... Zeruiah... Shimei** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed?** - AT: "Shimei should be put to death because he cursed David, the anointed King of the nation of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh's anointed** - David -* **What have I to do with you, ... that you should today be adversaries to me? Will any man be put to death today in Israel?** - Each of these questions is asked to rebuke Abishai and those who thought Shimei should be executed. AT: "I don't know what to do with you ...! No person will be be executed today in the nation of Israel! Because I am the king over all the nation of Israel today." -* **do I not know that today I am king ...?** - Possible meanings are 1) see UDB or 2) "today I am the one who is king ...!" +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh's anointed? + +Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh's anointed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yahweh's anointed + +This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. AT: "the man that Yahweh has anointed as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What have I to do with you ... that you should today be adversaries to me? + +David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. This can be written as a statement. AT: "We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? + +David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will any man be put to death + +This phrase "put to death" means to be killed or executed. AT: "Will any man be killed" or "Will I order any man to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? + +Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are 1) "I know that I am still king of Israel." or 2) "Today I am the one who is king over Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/24.md b/2sa/19/24.md index 9803ce1b4d..961a7c5544 100644 --- a/2sa/19/24.md +++ b/2sa/19/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Mephibosheth -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# He had not dressed his feet -* **Mephibosheth** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:2sa:04:04]]. -* **He had not dressed his feet, or trimmed his beard, or washed his clothes from the day the king left until the day he came home in peace.** - These acts together represent that Mephibosheth was in mourning for David until he had returned safely. AT: "He did not care for himself; he mourned for David until David had safely returned home safely." +"He had not cared for his feet." Mephibosheth's feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet. + +# Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth? + +David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. AT: "Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/26.md b/2sa/19/26.md index 6d59efa42e..0c5b227761 100644 --- a/2sa/19/26.md +++ b/2sa/19/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Ziba -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# my master the king is like an angel of God -* **what is good in your eyes** - AT: "what you believe to be the right thing to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here David's wisdom is compared to the wisdom of an angel. AT: "my master the king is as wise as an angel of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# do what is good in your eyes + +This means to do what you think is right. AT: "do what you believe to be the right thing to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all my father's house were dead men before my master the king + +Mephibosheth speaks of how his relatives had deserved to be executed as if they had already been executed and were dead. AT: "all my father's house deserved for my master the king to order them to be executed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my father's house + +This refers to his father's relatives. AT: "my father's relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What right therefore have I that I should still cry any more to the king? + +Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/29.md b/2sa/19/29.md index a1b7f617d7..c556877e4b 100644 --- a/2sa/19/29.md +++ b/2sa/19/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:save]] - -## translationNotes +# Why explain anything further? +David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You do not need to explain this any further." or "You certainly do not need to say any more." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/31.md b/2sa/19/31.md index c5c7f373af..17050e022d 100644 --- a/2sa/19/31.md +++ b/2sa/19/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Barzillai -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Gileadite -* **Barzillai** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:2sa:17:27]]. -* **Rogelim ... Mahanaim** - See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:2sa:17:27]]. -* **Gileadite** - See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:2sa:17:27]]. -* **the Jordan** - a short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rogelim ... Mahanaim + +See how you translated the names of these places in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Jordan + +the Jordan River + +# eighty years old + +"80 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# furnished + +"provided" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/34.md b/2sa/19/34.md index bb9022d9f3..a171d365eb 100644 --- a/2sa/19/34.md +++ b/2sa/19/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem? -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# eighty years old -* **How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem?** - AT: "I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king?** - AT: "You would have to work hard to take care of me, and I would not be able to do anything good for you. That would be wrong." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"80 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Can I distinguish between good and bad? + +Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here "good" and "bad" refer to what is desirable and what is not. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? + +Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? + +Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king? + +Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why should the king repay me with such a reward? + +Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/37.md b/2sa/19/37.md index 358f384dc0..365ee68fb8 100644 --- a/2sa/19/37.md +++ b/2sa/19/37.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Barzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place instead with David. -## translationNotes +# Kimham -* Barzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place with David. -* **Kimham** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# by the grave of my father and my mother + +This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. AT: "where my father's and my mother's graves are" or "where my father and my mother are buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let him cross over + +This refers to crossing the Jordan River. AT: "Let him cross over the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/38.md b/2sa/19/38.md index 286fb88c02..b698e88e4a 100644 --- a/2sa/19/38.md +++ b/2sa/19/38.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Kimham will go over with me -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Kimham** - Translate the same as you translated it in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:19:37]]. +This refers to crossing the Jordan River. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Kimham will cross the river with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/40.md b/2sa/19/40.md index 0b15ef4730..ee081458fe 100644 --- a/2sa/19/40.md +++ b/2sa/19/40.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# crossed over to Gilgal -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +They crossed over the Jordan River. AT: "crossed over the river to Gilgal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Kimham -* **Kimham** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:19:37]]. -* **Why have our brothers, the men of Judah, stolen you away and brought the king and his family over the Jordan, and all David’s men with him?** - This question is asked because the people of Israel feel betrayed by the people of Judah. AT: "It is not right that the people of Judah who did not support you as king have the privilege if bringing you back across the Jordan River." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the Jordan** - A shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 19:37](./37.md). + +# All the army of Judah brought the king over, and also half the army of Israel + +"All the army of Judah and half the army of Israel brought the king over" + +# brought the king over + +They crossed over the Jordan River with the king. AT: "escorted the king over the river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Why have our brothers, the men of Judah ... and all David's men with him? + +The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# stolen you away + +The men of Israel speak of how the men of Judah escorted the king across the river as if the king were something they stole that did not belong to them. AT: "taken you away from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Jordan + +the Jordan River \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/42.md b/2sa/19/42.md index 75b6895b8c..c9309e7c64 100644 --- a/2sa/19/42.md +++ b/2sa/19/42.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Why then are you angry about this? -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. This can be written as a statement. AT: "But you have no reason to be upset about this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Have we eaten anything that the king had to pay for? Has he given us any gifts? -* **Why then are you angry about this?** - AT: "You have no reason to be upset about this." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why then did you despise us?** - AT: "You should not have treated us as though we were unimportant!" +The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. This can be written as a statement. AT: "The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we have even more right to David than you + +"we have a greater claim to David than you do." It may be helpful to state clearly what having "more right" means. AT: "we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Why then did you despise us? + +The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not have despised us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Was not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard? + +The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. This can be written as a statement. AT: "We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the words of the men of Judah were even more harsh than the words of the men of Israel + +"the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/intro.md b/2sa/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bad89bbb6a --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 2 Samuel 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David told to stop mourning Absalom ##### +Joab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader. + +##### David made king again ##### +This chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king. + +##### The ten tribes and Judah argue over David ##### +The ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +The people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: "So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?" David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: "You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/01.md b/2sa/20/01.md index 2191163268..3608fba4ec 100644 --- a/2sa/20/01.md +++ b/2sa/20/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to be at the same place -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This refers to the town of Gilgal. -## translationNotes +# Sheba ... Bikri -* **to be at the same place** - This refers to the town of Gilgal. -* **Sheba...Bichri** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **We have no part in David, neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse** - Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David and the tribe of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Let every man go back to his home, Israel** - Sheba is speaking to the people of the northern tribes of Israel. This does not include the southern tribe of Judah. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# We have no part in David, neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David. AT: "The inheritance of David and his father's family does not belong to us" or "We are not a part of David and his father's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/03.md b/2sa/20/03.md index c1b2da581b..c9024a182b 100644 --- a/2sa/20/03.md +++ b/2sa/20/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to keep the palace -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Here the phrase "to keep" means to take care of. AT: "to take care of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# in a house under guard -* **to keep the palace** - "to take care of the palace" or "in charge of the palace" -* **he put them in a house under guard** - AT: "he put them in a guarded house because they had slept with his son, Absalom, and were now defiled" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **widows** - These are women whose husbands have died. +If a house is "under guard" it means that a guard is posted at the house. AT: "in a house and put a guard there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they were shut up + +This means that they were not allowed to leave the house. AT: "they were shut inside the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# widows + +These are women whose husbands have died. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/04.md b/2sa/20/04.md index b9c5bbef4b..a649c808f4 100644 --- a/2sa/20/04.md +++ b/2sa/20/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Amasa -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Amasa** - This is commander of David's army. See how you translated his name in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:17:24]]. -* **days** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday]] +This is the commander of David's army. See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/06.md b/2sa/20/06.md index 89a4321a09..4b675f07ba 100644 --- a/2sa/20/06.md +++ b/2sa/20/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Abishai -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheba]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] +This is another commander of David's army. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# do us more harm -* **Abishai** - This is another commander of David's army. See how you translated his name in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:02:18]]. -* **do us harm** - "hurt us" -* **your master’s servants, my soldiers** - Both of these phrases mean the same thing. David refers to himself as "your master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with less authority. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **pursue after** - "seek after" or "chase after" -* **he will find fortified cities and escape out of our sight** - "he will get away from us and find protection in a strong city" -* **Cherethites, Pelethites** - These are the names of people-groups who helped to protect King David. See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:08:15]]. +"hurt us more" + +# your master's servants, my soldiers + +The phrase "my soldiers" clarifies which "servants." David refers to himself as "your master" as a formal way of speaking to someone with less authority. + +# pursue after + +"chase after" + +# he will find fortified cities + +This means that Sheba and his men will enter these cities to hide from David's army. The word "he" represents Sheba but refers to both him and his men. AT: "he and his men will hide in fortified cities" or "he and his men will take refuge in fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# out of our sight + +Here David refers to his army by their sight to emphasize that Sheba and his men would be hidden and David's army would be unable to capture them. AT: "from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +These are the names of people groups who helped to protect King David. See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/08.md b/2sa/20/08.md index 94b6b7fec5..c79fe00f82 100644 --- a/2sa/20/08.md +++ b/2sa/20/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When they were -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"When Joab and the men of Judah were" -## translationNotes +# belt -* **When they were** - "When the Joab and the men of Judah" -* **belt** - a strip of leather or other material used to hold clothing or weapons in place -* **sheathed sword** - This means the sword was in its protective covering. -* **the sword fell** - Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he (Joab) was unarmed. Now Joab could get very close to Amasa. +a strip of leather or other material used to hold clothing or weapons in place + +# sheathed sword + +This means the sword was in its protective covering. + +# the sword fell out + +Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he Joab was unarmed, so that Amasa would allow him to walk closer to him. AT: "he allowed the sword to fall on the ground so Amasa would think he was unarmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/09.md b/2sa/20/09.md index 1682e8fad1..6f3865a21f 100644 --- a/2sa/20/09.md +++ b/2sa/20/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my cousin -* [[en:tw:kiss]] +Amasa was the son of the sister of Joab's mother. -## translationNotes +# affectionately -* **my cousin** - Amasa was the son of the sister of Joab's mother. -* **affectionately** - "kindly" -* **took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him** - This was a common way for men to greet one another. -* **dagger** - a short sword that is easy to hide and was often used for close-in fighting and assassinations. -* **bowels spilled** - "intestines spilled" -* **his brother pursued** - "his brother went after" or "his brother chased after" -* **Sheba the son of Bichri** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:20:01]]. +"kindly" + +# took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him + +This was a common way for men to greet one another. + +# dagger + +a short sword that is easy to hide and was often used for close-in fighting and assassinations + +# bowels spilled + +"intestines spilled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/11.md b/2sa/20/11.md index bbaa72e09a..8dda3dda4c 100644 --- a/2sa/20/11.md +++ b/2sa/20/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he who is for David -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] +To be "for" someone means to support them. AT: "he who supports David" or "he who is loyal to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Amasa lay wallowing in his blood -* **Amasa lay wallowing in his blood** - Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood. But, he was probably dead by this time. AT: "Amasa lay dead in his blood" -* **all the people** - "all the soldiers" -* **After Amasa was taken off the road** - AT: "After the man took Amasa off the road" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Amasa lay squirming in his blood." Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood, but he was probably dead by this time. It is described this way to show how gruesome his body looked. AT: "Amasa lay dead in his blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the people stood still ... came by him stood still + +This means they stopped walking and were staring at Amasa's dead body. AT: "all the people stood still staring at the dead body ... came by him stood still, staring at his dead body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he carried Amasa + +"he carried Amasa's body" + +# After Amasa was taken off the road + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "After the man took Amasa off the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in pursuit of + +This abstract noun can be stated as a verb. AT: "pursuing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/14.md b/2sa/20/14.md index 6ae1127048..ce80fcdbf1 100644 --- a/2sa/20/14.md +++ b/2sa/20/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Sheba passed through -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here "Sheba" refers to both him and his army. AT: "Sheba and his army" or "Sheba and his men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Abel of Beth Maacah -* **to Abel, to Beth Maacah** - "Abel of Beth Maacha" or "Abel Beth Maacha." Both names refer to the same place. It is a city near the tribe of Dan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **of the Berites** - This is the name of a people group. It may refer to the descendants of Bichri. -* **and also pursued Sheba** - "and also followed Sheba" -* **They caught up with him** - "Joab and the soldiers caught up with him" -* **against the city against the wall** - "against the city wall" -* **Listen, please listen** - This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"Abel Beth Maacah." Both names refer to the same place and may be combined. It is a city near the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# of the Bikrites + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# also pursued Sheba + +"also followed Sheba" + +# They caught up with him + +"Joab and the soldiers caught up with him" + +# against the city against the wall + +"against the city wall" + +# battered the wall to knock it down + +This means that they used a battering ram to knock down the wall. A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. AT: "used a battering ram to knock down the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Listen, please listen + +The repetition of "Listen" strengthens the woman's plea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/17.md b/2sa/20/17.md index 12c5cd3787..53865f5ed2 100644 --- a/2sa/20/17.md +++ b/2sa/20/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen to the words of your servant -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The woman refers to herself as "your servant." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. -## translationNotes +# that advice would end the matter -* **Listen to the words of your servant** - The woman refers to herself as "your servant." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. AT: "Please, listen to me, your servant" -* **and that advice would end the matter** - "and that advice would solve the problem" -* **that is a mother in Israel** - AT: "that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh?** - The woman uses a question for emphasis. AT: "Please, do not destroy this city which belongs to Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **swallow up** - The woman compares the destruction of the city to swallowing food. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"that advice would solve the problem" + +# most peaceful and faithful in Israel + +This describes the cities. AT: "most peaceful and faithful cities in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# city that is a mother in Israel + +This speaks of the importance of this city among the nation of Israel as if it were a well respected mother. AT: "city that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother" or "city that is very important and that Israel respects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh? + +Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh's inheritance!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# swallow up + +Here the woman speaks of the army destroying the city as if the city were food to be swallowed. AT: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the inheritance of Yahweh + +Here the city is referred to as Yahweh's inheritance to emphasize that it belongs to Yahweh. AT: "a city that belongs to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/20.md b/2sa/20/20.md index c86f84a387..a5809a5842 100644 --- a/2sa/20/20.md +++ b/2sa/20/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Far be it, far be it from me, that I should -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. AT: "Truly, truly, I would never" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# that I should swallow up or destroy -* **Far be it, far be it from me** - He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **swallow up or destroy** - Both of these words mean the same thing. AT: "ruin or destroy your city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lifted his hand against** - This means to rebel and fight against someone. "Hand" represents the power of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Give up him alone** - "Hand this man over to us" or "Give this man to us" -* **I will withdraw from the city** - AT: "the soldiers and I will leave the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **His head will be thrown** - AT: "We will throw his head" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom** - "Then the wise woman spoke to all the people" +This refers to destroying the city. This may be added. AT: "that I should swallow up or destroy your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# swallow up or destroy + +Both of these phrases means to destroy. In the first phrase "destroying" is spoken of as if it were "swallowing." These may be combined. AT: "ruin or destroy the city" or "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has lifted up his hand against + +This means to rebel and fight against someone. AT: "has opposed" or "is rebelling against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Give up him alone + +Joab is asking for the people of the city to release Sheba to him. AT: "Hand this man over to us" or "Give this man to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will withdraw from the city + +Here the "I" refers to both Joab and his soldiers. AT: "We will withdraw from the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# His head will be thrown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We will throw his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom + +This means that the woman acted wisely and spoke to her people about what they should do. AT: "Then the wise woman spoke to all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# every man to his home + +"every man went to his own home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/23.md b/2sa/20/23.md index 4692ba37ac..5980b94ba2 100644 --- a/2sa/20/23.md +++ b/2sa/20/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:abiathar]] -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +"Now" marks a break in the main storyline. This new section gives background information about the men who served King David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Joab was over ... Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over ... Adoniram was over -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This new section gives background information about the men who served King David. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Jehoiada...Cherethites...Pelethites...Jehoshaphat...Ahilud** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:08:15]]. -* **Adoram was over the men who did forced labor** - "Adoram was in charge of the slaves" -* **Adoram...Sheva...Ira** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jairite** - This is the name of a people group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The phrase "was over" refers to having authority over a group of people. AT: "Joab had authority over ... Benaiah son of Jehoiada had authority over ... Adoniram had authority over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Jehoiada ... Jehoshaphat ... Ahilud + +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:16-18](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:16-18](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the men who did forced labor + +"the slave workers" + +# Adoniram ... Sheva ... Ira + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jairite + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/intro.md b/2sa/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..02fca5952c --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Samuel 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sheba's revolt ##### +A man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah's king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### +Joab used an idiom "has lifted up his hand against the king, against David" meaning "revolted against David," to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/01.md b/2sa/21/01.md index a3400bd9d3..bf91be3694 100644 --- a/2sa/21/01.md +++ b/2sa/21/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# sought the face of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "face" is a synecdoche for Yahweh's presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# because of Saul and his murderous family -* **three years** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]] -* **sought the face of Yahweh** - This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine. "Face" represents the presence of the other. (See: (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **because of Saul and his murderous family** - Saul had killed many Gibeonites. Saul's descendants are guilty because of this sin. +Saul had killed many Gibeonites, and Saul's descendants are guilty because of this sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/02.md b/2sa/21/02.md index dc86451f04..64f5ad3658 100644 --- a/2sa/21/02.md +++ b/2sa/21/02.md @@ -1,20 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +Here "Now" marks a break in the main storyline. This gives background information about the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# What should I do for you? How can I make atonement ... promises? -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This tells background information about the Gibeonites. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **What should I do for you? How can I make atonement** - AT: "What can I do to remove this sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two sentences have similar meanings. AT: "What can I do to remove this sin, so that you may bless the people of Yahweh, who inherit his goodness and promises?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/04.md b/2sa/21/04.md index b858823a94..4fe29fb8f6 100644 --- a/2sa/21/04.md +++ b/2sa/21/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# It is not a matter of silver or gold -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] - -## translationNotes - -* **It is not a matter of silver or gold** - "Money will not solve the problem" +"Money will not solve the problem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/05.md b/2sa/21/05.md index d8bdb5d034..2ca02d95a1 100644 --- a/2sa/21/05.md +++ b/2sa/21/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# who schemed against us -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hang]] +"who made plans against us" -## translationNotes +# let seven men from his descendants be handed over to us -* **who schemed against us** - "who made plans against us" -* **let seven men from his descendants be handed over to us** - AT: "allow your men to give seven of his descendants to us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **we will hang them** - "we will execute them by hanging" -* **in Gibeah of Saul** - Saul was from the town of Gibeah. -* **the one chosen by Yahweh** - AT: "the one whom Yahweh chose" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "allow your men to give seven of his descendants to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we will hang them + +"we will execute them by hanging" + +# in Gibeah of Saul + +Saul was from the town of Gibeah. + +# the one chosen by Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one whom Yahweh chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/07.md b/2sa/21/07.md index 42f24a0aaf..645fc94a72 100644 --- a/2sa/21/07.md +++ b/2sa/21/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Mephibosheth -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:barley]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +Mephibosheth was the son of Jonathan. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). -## translationNotes +# Rizpah ... Aiah -* **Mephiboseth** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:04:04]]. -* **Rizpah, Aiah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:03:06]]. -* **Armoni and Mephibosheth...Adriel...Barzillai** - These are names of men. This is not the same Mephibosheth as the son of Jonathan. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Michal** - This is the name of a woman. See how you translated it in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:03:12]]. -* **Meholathite** - This is the name of a people group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He handed them over into the hands of the Gibeonites** - AT: "He gave them to the Gibeonites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **They were put to death** - AT: "The Gibeonites put them to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/06.md). + +# Armoni and Mephibosheth ... Adriel ... Barzillai + +These are names of men. This is not the same Mephibosheth as the son of Jonathan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Merab + +This is the name of a woman. See how you translated it in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/12.md). + +# Meholathite + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He handed them over into the hands of the Gibeonites + +Here "the hands of the Gibeonites" represents the Gibeonite people's control. AT: "He gave them to the Gibeonites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They were put to death + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The Gibeonites put them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/10.md b/2sa/21/10.md index b7d596d39f..e2f3891f59 100644 --- a/2sa/21/10.md +++ b/2sa/21/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Rizpah ... Aiah -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/06.md). -## translationNotes +# It was told to David -* **Rizpah, Aiah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:03:06]]. -* **It was told to David** - AT: "Someone told David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone told David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/12.md b/2sa/21/12.md index 29717a8cc2..a256c1023f 100644 --- a/2sa/21/12.md +++ b/2sa/21/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jabesh Gilead -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +Jabesh is a town in the region of Gilead. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 2:4](../02/04.md). -## translationNotes +# the public square -* **Jabesh Gilead** - Jabesh is a town in the region of Gibeah. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:02:04]]. -* **the public square** - This is an area near the city gate where people did various kinds of business. -* **Beth Shan** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gilboa** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:01:06]]. -* **who had been hanged** - "whom the Gibeonites executed by hanging" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is an area near the city gate where people did various kinds of business. + +# Beth Shan + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gilboa + +See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 1:6](../01/06.md). + +# who had been hanged + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "whom the Gibeonites executed by hanging" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/14.md b/2sa/21/14.md index 81dd482f6d..b2a07bcc27 100644 --- a/2sa/21/14.md +++ b/2sa/21/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Zela -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This is the name of a town in Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Kish -* **Zela** - This is the name of a town in Benjamin. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kish** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **his father** - "Saul's father" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# his father + +"Saul's father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/15.md b/2sa/21/15.md index af9646f8d8..7090931cef 100644 --- a/2sa/21/15.md +++ b/2sa/21/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ishbi-Benob -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# three hundred shekels -* **Ishbibenob** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the Rephaim** - The people group from the Philistines that were famous for having many giant men among them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **three hundred shekels** - "300 shekels" About 3.4 kilograms (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **Abishai the son of Zeruiah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:02:18]]. -* **you do not put out the lamp of Israel** - The "lamp of Israel" refers to David and his descendants who were supposed to rule Israel forever. This means if David and his descendants die, the people of Israel would have no hope. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"300 shekels." This is about 3.4 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Abishai son of Zeruiah + +Abishai and Zeruiah are names of men. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). + +# you do not put out the lamp of Israel + +The "lamp of Israel" is a metaphor that refers to David's leadership and the idea that if David were to die, the people of Israel would have no clear direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/18.md b/2sa/21/18.md index 6a9e9efa45..acdc11a8f2 100644 --- a/2sa/21/18.md +++ b/2sa/21/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about after this that -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Gob -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Gob** - This is the name of a town. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Sibbecai...Saph...Elhanan son of Jari...Goliath** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hushathite...Rephaim...Bethlehemite...Gittite** - These are names of people groups. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Rephaim** - This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **whose spear was like a weaver’s beam** - When a person was weaving a cloth they would run the threads through hooks attached to large sticks called a "weaver's beam." This means Goliath's spear was larger than a normal spear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sibbekai ... Saph ... Elhanan son of Jair ... Goliath + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hushathite ... Rephaim ... Bethlehemite ... Gittite + +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rephaim + +This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# whose spear was like a weaver's beam + +When a person was weaving a cloth he would run the threads through hooks attached to large sticks called a "weaver's beam." This means Goliath's spear was larger than a normal spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/20.md b/2sa/21/20.md index febfe364f0..a392df84ba 100644 --- a/2sa/21/20.md +++ b/2sa/21/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-four in number -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] +"24 fingers and toes altogether" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Rephaim -* **twenty-four digits total** - four digits total** - "24 fingers and toes altogether" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Rephaim** - This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jonathan son of Shammah** - These are names of men. Shammah was David's brother. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers** - AT: "and David and his soldiers killed them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jonathan son of Shimeah + +These are names of men. Shimeah was David's brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers + +Here "by the hand of" means "through" or "by." This can be stated in active form. AT: "David and his soldiers killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/intro.md b/2sa/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d013f8733 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Samuel 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Famine caused by a broken oath ##### +When Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan's sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Wisdom, grace and justice ##### +David is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/01.md b/2sa/22/01.md index ce59f56326..d0e6e86902 100644 --- a/2sa/22/01.md +++ b/2sa/22/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David's song to Yahweh starts. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul -* David's song to Yahweh starts. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul** - This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul. -* **out of the hand** - AT: "out of the power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh is my rock, my fortress** - This is a part-whole progression. A Fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul. + +# out of the hand of + +This metonym means "out of the power of." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh is my rock, my fortress + +This metaphor shows a progression from a part, "rock," to the whole, "fortress." A fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/03.md b/2sa/22/03.md index eda39a20bb..e1d14776bd 100644 --- a/2sa/22/03.md +++ b/2sa/22/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:horn]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# God is my rock ... He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold -* David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **God is my rock...He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold** - All of these are symbols of God's strength and power. They emphasize God's ability to protect and save his people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who is worthy to be praised** - AT: "who is worthy to receive praise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I will be saved from my enemies** - AT: "He will save me from my enemies" +All of these metaphors are symbols of God's strength and power. They emphasize God's ability to protect and save his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who is worthy to be praised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who is worthy to receive praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will be saved from my enemies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will save me from my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/05.md b/2sa/22/05.md index 438733ae7e..8fdcfaacd6 100644 --- a/2sa/22/05.md +++ b/2sa/22/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the waves of death surrounded me, the rushing waters of destruction overwhelmed me -* David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For the waves of death surrounded me. The rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me** - David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. David felt helpless against the power of his enemies. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The rushing waters of worthlessness ** - This is a picture of fast flowing flood waters that destroy everything in it's path. -* **The cords of sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me** - David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. David thought he was certainly going to die. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. These sentences have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the rushing waters of destruction + +This is a picture of fast-flowing flood waters that destroy everything in their path. + +# The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me + +David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. These phrases have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/07.md b/2sa/22/07.md index 32e1d0c4f5..959a76f135 100644 --- a/2sa/22/07.md +++ b/2sa/22/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# In my distress -* David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **In my distress** - "In my great trouble" -* **he heard my voice from his temple** - David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built. -* **my call for help went into his ears** - AT: "he heard my prayer for help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"In my great trouble" + +# he heard my voice from his temple + +David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built. + +# my call for help went into his ears + +Here the metonym "his ears" refers to Yahweh and his hearing of David's call for help. AT: "he heard my prayer for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his ears + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he had ears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/08.md b/2sa/22/08.md index 4d7159e9a4..e589fc5324 100644 --- a/2sa/22/08.md +++ b/2sa/22/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Then the earth shook ... were ignited by it -* David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Then the earth shook...were ignited by it** - This is Yahweh's response to David's cry for help from his enemies. David uses the imagery of the earth shaking and fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahweh's terrible anger. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **And were shaken, because God was angry** - AT: "because God's anger shook them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Coals were ignited by it** - It was like if God's anger was heat, it would cause coals to ignite and burn. AT: "The flame from his mouth set coals on fire" or "He also sent burning coals from his mouth" +This is Yahweh's response to David's cry for help from his enemies. David uses the imagery of the earth shaking and fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahweh's terrible anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# earth shook ... heavens trembled + +David speaks of the two extremes to include everything in creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# and were shaken, because God was angry + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because God's anger shook them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his nostrils ... his mouth + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he had these humans parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Coals were ignited by it + +Here Yahweh's anger is compared to fire, which causes coals to ignite and burn. AT: "The flame from his mouth set coals on fire" or "He also sent burning coals from his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/10.md b/2sa/22/10.md index 1906ab5de6..a7e44ca06e 100644 --- a/2sa/22/10.md +++ b/2sa/22/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# He opened the heavens ... rain clouds in the skies -* David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He opened the heavens...rain clouds in the skies** - David describes Yahweh's approach to save David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God's power and his anger. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He was seen flying on the wings of the wind** - AT: "He appeared and he soared through the wind" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **And he made darkness a tent around him** - AT: "And he hid himself in the darkness" +David describes Yahweh's way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God's power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under his feet + +David speaks of God as having feet like humans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He was seen on the wings of the wind + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "He appeared on the wings of the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the wings of the wind + +This expression speaks of the wind as if it were a bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He made darkness a tent around him + +Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. AT: "He hid himself in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/13.md b/2sa/22/13.md index c7bf6f8e64..12a36cbc92 100644 --- a/2sa/22/13.md +++ b/2sa/22/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] +David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# From the lightning before him ... lightning bolts and dispersed them -* David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **From the lightning before him...ligtning bolts and dispersed them** - David continues describing Yahweh, who is coming to save him from his enemies, as a storm. This emphasizes God's power and anger towards David's enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **From the lightning before him Coals of fire fell** - AT: "Out of his bright light he sent burning coals" or "From his brightness he sent lightning" -* **He shot arrows...lightning bolts** - David compares the lightning from Yahweh's storm to arrows that a soldier would use. +David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God's power and anger towards David's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# From the lightning before him coals of fire fell + +Possible meanings are 1) "Out of his bright light he sent burning coals" or 2) "From his brightness he sent lightning" + +# The Most High shouted. He shot arrows + +David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He shot arrows ... lightning bolts + +David compares the lightning from Yahweh's storm to arrows that a soldier would use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/16.md b/2sa/22/16.md index 7f8694fcc7..0a6665788f 100644 --- a/2sa/22/16.md +++ b/2sa/22/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This continues David's song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Then the water channels appeared ... breath of his nostrils -* This continues David's song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Then the water channels appeared...breath of his nostrils** - Again, David emphasizes Yahweh's power and anger. When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David's enemies, its power uncovered the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The foundations...were exposed** - This was part of the result of Yahweh shouting. +When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David's enemies, it is compared to his power to create upheaval in the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. This shows his great power and fierce anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the foundations ... were exposed + +David compares Yahweh's anger to turbulent movements of the ground. "This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh's battle cry exposed the foundations of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/17.md b/2sa/22/17.md index 2ae8061765..749483ac90 100644 --- a/2sa/22/17.md +++ b/2sa/22/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +This continues David's song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the surging water -* This continues David's song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **out of the surging water** - David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He rescued me from my strong enemy** - David's enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies. +David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He rescued me from my strong enemy + +David's enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/19.md b/2sa/22/19.md index c8d1d365f5..eff2f71e73 100644 --- a/2sa/22/19.md +++ b/2sa/22/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +This continues David's song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# They came against me on the day of my distress -* This continues David's song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They came against me on the day of my distress** - "My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble" -* **But Yahweh was my support** - "But Yahweh supported me" or "But Yahweh helped me" -* **a wide open place** - This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him. -* **to the measure of the cleanness of my hands** - Here "cleanness of my hands" means the same as "righteousness." AT: "because I obey his commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble" + +# the day of my distress + +"the time of my distress" + +# but Yahweh was my support + +"but Yahweh supported me" or "but Yahweh helped me" + +# a wide open place + +This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him. + +# to the measure of the cleanness of my hands + +Here "cleanness of my hands" means the same as "righteousness." AT: "because I obey his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/22.md b/2sa/22/22.md index 246e92d3df..6fee5aadcf 100644 --- a/2sa/22/22.md +++ b/2sa/22/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# I have kept the ways of Yahweh -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **I have kept the ways of Yahweh** - Here "the ways" refers to the ways Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands. -* **have been before me** - This means David constantly reads and thinks about God's decrees. +Here "the ways of Yahweh" refers to how Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands. + +# have been before me + +This means David constantly reads and thinks about God's decrees. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/24.md b/2sa/22/24.md index 540e87a6cc..d2f26d46f0 100644 --- a/2sa/22/24.md +++ b/2sa/22/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# I have kept myself from sin -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **to the degree of my cleanness in his sight** - Here "my cleanness" means the same as "my righteousness." AT: "because he knows that I have done what he commands" +This refers to choosing not to sin against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to the degree of my cleanness in his sight + +Here "my cleanness" means the same as "my righteousness." AT: "because he knows that I have done what he commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/26.md b/2sa/22/26.md index 840d2fa687..51a3f6a1f0 100644 --- a/2sa/22/26.md +++ b/2sa/22/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# you are perverse to the twisted -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **you are perverse to the twisted** - Here "perverse" means to be cunning or crafty. And, "twisted" means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people. +Here "perverse" means to be cunning or crafty, and "twisted" means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/28.md b/2sa/22/28.md index 4278847c88..b99bd8c59e 100644 --- a/2sa/22/28.md +++ b/2sa/22/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# your eyes are against the proud -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **your eyes are against the proud** - This means Yahweh is watches the proud person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and you bring them down** - "and you destroy their pride" -* **you are my lamp. Yahweh lights up my darkness** - This means Yahweh gives David life and helps him when things seem hopeless. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the metonym "your eyes" refers to what Yahweh sees. This means Yahweh watches the proud person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you bring them down + +"you destroy their pride" + +# you are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh lights up my darkness + +This metaphor compares Yahweh to a lamp, which means he gives David light and helps him to see when things seem hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/30.md b/2sa/22/30.md index 34db876999..785e8e2f9e 100644 --- a/2sa/22/30.md +++ b/2sa/22/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# I can run over a barricade -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **I can run over a barricade** - Here "barricade" may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies. -* **The word of Yahweh is pure** - "Everything Yahweh says is true" -* **He is a shield** - This emphasizes God's power to protect his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "barricade" may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies. + +# I can leap over a wall + +David is exaggerating to emphasize Yahweh's help. AT: "I can climb over the wall that surrounds their city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# The word of Yahweh is pure + +"Everything Yahweh says is true" + +# He is a shield + +The metaphor "a shield" emphasizes God's power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/32.md b/2sa/22/32.md index 502afb1143..1a7409ec7d 100644 --- a/2sa/22/32.md +++ b/2sa/22/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# For who is God except Yahweh, and who is a rock except our God? -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **For who is God except Yahweh? And who is a rock except our God?** - David uses questions to emphasize that there is no God except for Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who is a rock** - David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he leads the blameless person on his path** - Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him. +David uses this question to emphasize that there is no God apart from Yahweh. These may be translated as statements. AT: "Yahweh alone is God. Our God alone is a rock." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who is a rock + +David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he leads the blameless person on his path + +Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/34.md b/2sa/22/34.md index 58d9023976..78da9ede76 100644 --- a/2sa/22/34.md +++ b/2sa/22/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:deer]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# He makes my feet swift like a deer and places me on the high hills -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **He makes my feet swift like a deer And places me on the mountains** - Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **my hands...and my arms** - Both of these refer to David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **to bend a bow of bronze** - Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal. +Here David's feet are compared to those of a deer using exaggeration. Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# my hands ... and my arms + +Both of these refer to David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to bend a bow of bronze + +Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/36.md b/2sa/22/36.md index 2e16192338..f9afd903af 100644 --- a/2sa/22/36.md +++ b/2sa/22/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# the shield of your salvation -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **the shield of your salvation** - David compares Yahweh's power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your favor** - God answered David's prayers and granted David blessings and success over his enemies. -* **You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me** - Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. +David compares Yahweh's power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your favor + +God answered David's prayers and granted him blessings and success over his enemies. + +# You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me + +Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his "feet" to emphasize his ability to stand securely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/38.md b/2sa/22/38.md index 12e8f18b2f..0416c67d48 100644 --- a/2sa/22/38.md +++ b/2sa/22/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# pursued my enemies -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **pursued my enemies** - "chased my enemies" -* **I devoured them and smashed them** - AT: "I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"chased my enemies" + +# I devoured them and smashed them + +Here David compares himself to a wild animal. AT: "I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under my feet + +Here "feet" refers to the power and control of victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/40.md b/2sa/22/40.md index 6f151eef9a..32dfca552a 100644 --- a/2sa/22/40.md +++ b/2sa/22/40.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:strength]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# You put strength on me like a belt for battle -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **You put strength on me like a belt for battle** - Yahweh gave David the strength to do mighty things in battle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **You put under me those who rise up against me** - "You helped me defeat those who fought against me" -* **backs of my enemies' necks** - Possible meanings are 1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or 2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy'​s neck after he defeats him. -* **I annihilated** - "I completely destroyed" +Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you put under me those who rise up against me + +"you helped me defeat those who fought against me" + +# the back of my enemies' necks + +Possible meanings are 1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or 2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy's neck after he defeats him. + +# I annihilated + +"I completely destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/42.md b/2sa/22/42.md index 8d39005ae7..31d9af424f 100644 --- a/2sa/22/42.md +++ b/2sa/22/42.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# They cried -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **They cried** - "My enemies cried" -* **They cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them** - The time for Yahweh's judgment had come upon them. -* **like dust on the ground...like mud in the streets** - David completely destroyed his enemies. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"My enemies cried" + +# they cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them + +The time for Yahweh's judgment had come upon them. + +# like dust on the ground ... like mud in the streets + +This means that David completely destroyed his enemies. These two phrases "like dust on the ground" and "like mud on the streets" have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/44.md b/2sa/22/44.md index 1122f23a1c..4caba6585f 100644 --- a/2sa/22/44.md +++ b/2sa/22/44.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:tremble]] +David continues his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# from the disputes of my own people -* David continues his song to Yahweh. -* **from the disputes of my own people** - This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David. -* **You have kept me as the head of nations** - "You placed me as ruler over the nations." Here "nations" refer to other nations besides Israel. -* **A people that I have not known** - "A foreign people" -* **Foreigners were forced to bow to me** - AT: "Foreigners bowed down to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David. + +# You have kept me as the head of nations + +"You placed me as ruler over the nations." Here "nations" refers to other nations besides Israel. + +# A people that I have not known + +"A foreign people" + +# Foreigners were forced to bow to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Foreigners bowed down to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/47.md b/2sa/22/47.md index 57fdd889b3..fdb2095aed 100644 --- a/2sa/22/47.md +++ b/2sa/22/47.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# May my rock be praised. May God be exalted -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +These sentences have similar meaning and are used for emphasis. These may be stated in active form. AT: "May everyone praise my rock. May everyone exalt God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# my rock ... the rock -* **May my rock be praised. May God be exalted** - AT: "May everyone praise my rock. May everyone exalt God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my rock...the rock** - David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Who brings down peoples under me** - "Who puts the peoples under my rule" -* **you lifted me up above those who rose up against me** - AT: "you saved me from my enemies and gave me honor" -* **from violent men** - "from those who want to harm me" +David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who brings down peoples under me + +"the one who puts the people of other nations under my rule" + +# you lifted me up above those who rose up against me + +"you saved me from my enemies and gave me honor" + +# from violent men + +"from those who want to harm me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/50.md b/2sa/22/50.md index 2355e2a96a..0b43306ae3 100644 --- a/2sa/22/50.md +++ b/2sa/22/50.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +David concludes his song to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# to your name -* David concludes his song to Yahweh. -* **to your name** - Here "name" refers to Yahweh reputation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **And he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one** - David is may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:07:08]] +Here the metonym "name" refers to Yahweh's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one + +Here David may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/intro.md b/2sa/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..229c38a716 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, poems or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 22:1-51, which is a song or psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God rescued David ##### +God rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +David uses many metaphors to express his trust in God's protection: "my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge." He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: "the waves of death surrounded me," "the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me," "the cords of sheol surrounded me;" "the snares of death trapped me," and "the surging water." He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: "I can run over a barricade" and "by my God I can leap over a wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/01.md b/2sa/23/01.md index f3c0edfa3a..105ac33bb9 100644 --- a/2sa/23/01.md +++ b/2sa/23/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:jesse|Jesse]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|tongue]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This marks the beginning of a new section of the book. -## translationNotes +# these are the last words -* **Now** - This marks the beginning of a new section of the book. -* **these are the last words** - This refers to what David will say in 23:2-7. -* **the man who was highly honored. The one anointed by the God of Jacob** - AT: "the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **anointed by the God of Jacob** - Anointing was pouring oil on a person's head, choosing who would serve God as king or priest. (See: symbolic Action) -* **psalmist** - This is a person who writes psalms or songs. -* **by me** - David is speaking. -* **and his word was on my tongue** - AT: "His Spirit gave me a message to speak" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to what David will say in [2 Samuel 23:2-7](./01.md). + +# the man who was highly honored, the one anointed by the God of Jacob + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# anointed by the God of Jacob + +Anointing was done by pouring oil on a person's head. This was done to choose who would serve God as king or priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# psalmist + +This is a person who writes psalms or songs. + +# by me + +by David + +# and his word was on my tongue + +Here "on my tongue" is a metonym for David speaking. AT: "he gave me a message to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/03.md b/2sa/23/03.md index e85346308f..5494fed376 100644 --- a/2sa/23/03.md +++ b/2sa/23/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +This continues David's last words. -## translationNotes +# The God of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel ... me -* This continues David's last words. -* **Rock of Israel** - This means the same as the first part of the sentence. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The one who rules righteously over men, Who rules in the fear of God** - These two sentences say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **in the fear of God** - "respecting God" -* **He will be like the morning star...sunshine after rain** - These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **A morning without clouds, When the tender grass springs up from the earth Through bright sunshine after rain** - Again "he will be a delight to all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here the "God of Israel" is the same as the "Rock of Israel." The two phrases say essentially the same thing. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God + +These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# in the fear of God + +"respecting God" + +# He will be like the morning light ... sunshine after rain + +Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. AT: "He will be a delight to all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/05.md b/2sa/23/05.md index 37341a4e72..122efbe737 100644 --- a/2sa/23/05.md +++ b/2sa/23/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill|fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] +This continues David's last words. -## translationNotes +# Indeed, is my family not like this before God? -* This continues David's last words. -* **Indeed, is my family not like this before God?** - David uses a question to emphasize that his family does fear God and God is pleased with them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Has he not made...fulfill my every desire** - David uses these questions to emphasize that God has certainly done all these things. -* **Ordered and sure** - This means God's covenant will not change and David's family can trust it. -* **Does he not increase my salvation and fulfill** - "Does he not keep me safe and fulfill." AT: "He certainly keeps me safe and fulfills" +Here David is saying that he agrees with God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "My family is indeed like this before God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Has he not made ... way? + +David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He has indeed made ... way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# ordered and sure + +This means God's covenant is properly organized and will not change so David's family can trust it. + +# Does he not increase my salvation ... desire? + +David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/06.md b/2sa/23/06.md index 8c9720995d..121b275dd0 100644 --- a/2sa/23/06.md +++ b/2sa/23/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:spear|spear]] -* [[en:tw:thorn]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:worthy|worthy, worth, unworthy, worthless]] +This concludes David's last words. -## translationNotes +# But the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away -* This concludes David's last words. -* **but the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away** - AT: "but the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns that someone tries to throw away" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Because they cannot be gathered by one's hands** - AT: "Because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him" -* **They must be burned up where they lie** - AT: "The person must burn the thorns where they lie." This refers to God destroying wicked people. +Here the wicked person is compared to useless thorns. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns we throw away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because they cannot be gathered by one's hands + +"because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him" + +# They must be burned up where they lie + +"Where thorns are found, that is where they must be burned." This means God will destroy wicked people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/08.md b/2sa/23/08.md index 83ab62e0f0..92aa40e17e 100644 --- a/2sa/23/08.md +++ b/2sa/23/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeshbaal -* [[en:tw:name]] +This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth because various ancient copies have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hachmonite -* **Jeshbaal** - This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth, because various ancient manuscripts have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hachmonite** - This is the name of a people group. AT: "the Tahchemonite" or "son of Hachmon" -* **eight hundred** - "800" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the name of a people group. AT: "son of Hachmon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# eight hundred + +"800" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/09.md b/2sa/23/09.md index 34a8bb7331..84fefd8ba2 100644 --- a/2sa/23/09.md +++ b/2sa/23/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# The army returned after Eleazar -* This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The army returned after Eleazar** - AT: "The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleaser had already won the battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **only to strip the bodies** - "only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies" +This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. AT: "The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# only to strip the bodies + +"only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/11.md b/2sa/23/11.md index 7a8323f815..7388b50c00 100644 --- a/2sa/23/11.md +++ b/2sa/23/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# a field of lentils -* This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a field of lentils** - "a field where someone had planted lentils" -* **lentils** - a flat seed (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **the army fled** - "the Israelite army ran away" +"a field where someone had planted lentils" + +# lentils + +a flat seed, eaten like beans (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the army fled + +"the Israelite army ran away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/13.md b/2sa/23/13.md index 7ae7711a49..41837e7d9e 100644 --- a/2sa/23/13.md +++ b/2sa/23/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Three of the thirty -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem|Bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] +These are not the same three soldiers mentioned in [2 Samuel 23:8-12](./08.md). -## translationNotes +# the thirty -* **Three of the thirty** - This is not the same three soldiers mentioned in 23:8-12. -* **the thirty** - "30" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) "the thirty bravest Israelite soldiers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **cave of Adullam** - "cave near the town of Adullam." Adullam is near Bethlehem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Valley of Rephaim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:05:17]]. -* **in his stronghold** - "in his protected place" -* **the Philistines had established at Bethlehem** - "some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem" +"the 30" or "the thirty bravest Israelite soldiers." The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# cave of Adullam + +"cave near the town of Adullam." Adullam is near Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Valley of Rephaim + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 5:18](../05/17.md). + +# in his stronghold + +"in his protected place" + +# the Philistines had established at Bethlehem + +"some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/15.md b/2sa/23/15.md index ab5a601693..e97ef2e147 100644 --- a/2sa/23/15.md +++ b/2sa/23/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# broke through the army -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:well]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"fought their way through the enemy army" -## translationNotes +# Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives? -* **broke through the army** - "fought their through the enemy army" -* **Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives?** - David uses a question for emphasis. He compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/18.md b/2sa/23/18.md index 20b7c5bfc4..ab2fe63226 100644 --- a/2sa/23/18.md +++ b/2sa/23/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Abishai ... Zeruiah -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are the names of men. Translate them as in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). -## translationNotes +# captain over the three -* **Abishai...Zeruiah** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:02:18]]. -* **captain over the three** - This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David. -* **three hundred men** - "300 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers** - AT: "People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Was he not even more famous than the three?** - The writer uses a question to emphasize that Abishai was more famous than the three bravest soldiers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **three most famous soldiers** - This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shammah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers. +This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David. + +# three hundred men + +"300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Was he not even more famous than the three? + +This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He was even more famous than the three." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# three most famous soldiers + +This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/20.md b/2sa/23/20.md index 81db08d7cc..6ceecc0aa1 100644 --- a/2sa/23/20.md +++ b/2sa/23/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Kabzeel -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:benaiah|Benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jehoiada -* **Kabzeel** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jehoiada** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:2sa:08:15]]. -* **Ariel** - This is the name of a man. +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/15.md). + +# Ariel + +This is the name of a man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/22.md b/2sa/23/22.md index ab09d149f8..b222e5fec2 100644 --- a/2sa/23/22.md +++ b/2sa/23/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# did these feats -* [[en:tw:benaiah]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] +"did these mighty deeds" -## translationNotes +# he was named alongside the three mighty men -* **did these feats** - "did these mighty deeds" -* **he was named alongside the three mighty men** - AT: "people praise him like they praised the three mighty men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three most elite soldiers** - AT: "He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the three most elite soldiers** - This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shammah. -* **his bodyguard** - A group of soldiers in charge of guarding David. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people praise him like they praised the three mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men + +"He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# three mighty men + +This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. + +# his bodyguard + +a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/24.md b/2sa/23/24.md index ad35351c10..133f1e4f92 100644 --- a/2sa/23/24.md +++ b/2sa/23/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] +This is a list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# The thirty -* This is a list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The thirty** - "The 30 very famous soldiers" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"The 30 very famous soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/29.md b/2sa/23/29.md index 1ebd22491a..32b46ec5bc 100644 --- a/2sa/23/29.md +++ b/2sa/23/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/33.md b/2sa/23/33.md index 7516109a27..32b46ec5bc 100644 --- a/2sa/23/33.md +++ b/2sa/23/33.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/37.md b/2sa/23/37.md index 74df0e3190..bef30ffac5 100644 --- a/2sa/23/37.md +++ b/2sa/23/37.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:armor|armor]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hittite|Hittite]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:uriah]] -* [[en:tw:uriah|Uriah]] +This concludes the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# thirty-seven in all -* This concludes the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **thirty-seven in all** - seven in all** - "there were 37 total" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"there were 37 total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/intro.md b/2sa/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..607ee53179 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Samuel 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, poems or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 23:1-23:7, which is a song or psalm. + +23:8-39 is a list of the famous people in David's army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Everlasting covenant ##### +This is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: [2 Samuel 7](../07/01.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/01.md b/2sa/24/01.md index 8ce6cbaedc..b923695b6a 100644 --- a/2sa/24/01.md +++ b/2sa/24/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the anger of Yahweh was ignited against Israel -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba|Beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dan|Dan]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The word "ignite" means start a fire. Here Yahweh's anger is compared to that of a fire. AT: "the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he moved David against them -* **the anger of Yahweh was ignited against Israel** - The word "ignite" means start a fire. AT: "the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he moved David against them** - "he caused David to oppose them" -* **Go, count Israel and Judah** - In the Law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. -* **Dan to Beersheba ** - This phrase uses two place names Dan and Beersheba to represent the entire country. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* ** fit for battle** - To count all the men except those men who are either too young, too old, or physically unable to fight. +"he caused David to oppose them" + +# Go, count Israel and Judah + +In the law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Dan to Beersheba + +This phrase uses two place names Dan, in the far north, and Beersheba, in the far south, to represent the entire country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# count all the people ... fit for battle + +This means to count all the men except those men who are either too young, too old, or physically unable to fight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/03.md b/2sa/24/03.md index 1f9fc4b6b3..cb9143b697 100644 --- a/2sa/24/03.md +++ b/2sa/24/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# multiply ... hundred times -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means "produce 100 more people for every one person there is now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the king's word was final against Joab -* **multiply... hundred times** - This means "that there will be 100 more people for every 1 person that there is now." (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **king’s word was final against Joab** - Joab and the other commanders of King David's army were not able to convince David to not take a census. -* **the king’s word** - This phrase represents the kings command to them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Joab and the other commanders of King David's army were not able to convince David to not take a census. + +# the king's word + +This phrase represents the king's command to them. AT: "what the king had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/05.md b/2sa/24/05.md index 1c2e92b6d0..444f3ba514 100644 --- a/2sa/24/05.md +++ b/2sa/24/05.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They crossed -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gad|Gad]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite|Hivite]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:negev|Negev]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sidon|Sidon]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:tyre|Tyre]] +"Joab and the commanders of the army crossed" -## translationNotes +# Aroer -* **They crossed** - "Joab and the commanders of the army crossed" -* **Aroer** - This was a city on the northern edge of the Arnon River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jazer** - This is a town in Gad. -* **Tahtim Hodshi** - This may refer to the town of Kadesh in the land of the Hittite people. +This was a city on the northern edge of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jazer + +This is a town in Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tahtim Hodshi + +This may refer to the town of Kadesh in the land of the Hittite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/08.md b/2sa/24/08.md index 6efe13ab79..a3596cfec0 100644 --- a/2sa/24/08.md +++ b/2sa/24/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# they had gone -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"Joab and the commanders had gone" -## translationNotes +# nine months and twenty days -* **they had gone** - "Joab and the commanders had gone" -* **nine months and twenty days** - "9 months and 20 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **Then Joab reported the total of the count of the fighting men to the king** - "Then Joab told the king the total number of men ready for battle" -* **in Israel** - This refers to the the northern tribes of Israel. -* **eight hundred thousand...five hundred thousand** - "800,000...500,000" -* **who drew the sword** - AT: "who were ready to fight in the army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **of Judah** - This refers to the southern tribe of Judah. +"9 months and 20 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Then Joab reported the total of the count of the fighting men to the king + +"Then Joab told the king the total number of men ready for battle" + +# in Israel + +This refers to the northern tribes of Israel. + +# 800,000 ... 500,000 + +"eight hundred thousand ... five hundred thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who drew the sword + +This metonym refers to the men who were ready to fight in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of Judah + +This refers to the southern tribe of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/10.md b/2sa/24/10.md index 9e38e191b1..f492956a80 100644 --- a/2sa/24/10.md +++ b/2sa/24/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# David's heart afflicted him -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The "heart" here is a metonym for David's emotions and conscience. AT: "David felt guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Now, Yahweh, take away your servant's guilt -* **heart afflicted him** - AT: "felt guilty" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Now, Yahweh, take away your servant's guilt** - David refers to himself as "your servant." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. AT: "Please, Yahweh, take this guilt away from me, your servant" +David refers to himself as "your servant." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/11.md b/2sa/24/11.md index aa5ef95088..df917f1ddf 100644 --- a/2sa/24/11.md +++ b/2sa/24/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad, David's seer, saying, -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/03.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to the prophet Gad, David's seer. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to the prophet Gad, David's seer:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# David's seer -* **the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad** - AT: "Yahweh had given a message to the prophet Gad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **David’s seer** - This means Gad was the official prophet in the royal palace. +This means Gad was the official prophet in the royal palace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/13.md b/2sa/24/13.md index 7194a60a25..a41c72b7f2 100644 --- a/2sa/24/13.md +++ b/2sa/24/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I am in deep trouble -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +"I am in terrible trouble" -## translationNotes +# Let us fall into Yahweh's hands rather than into the hand of man -* **I am in deep trouble** - "I am in terrible trouble" -* **Let us fall into Yahweh's hands rather than into the hands of people** - Here "hands" refer to power or control. AT: "Let Yahweh and not people punish us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "hands" refer to power or control. AT: "Let Yahweh and not people punish us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/15.md b/2sa/24/15.md index 30ce04b4e9..f7d4f95237 100644 --- a/2sa/24/15.md +++ b/2sa/24/15.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# a fixed time -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites|Jebusite]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:thresh|thresh, threshing floor]] +This is the time God decided he would stop the plague. -## translationNotes +# seventy thousand -* **a fixed time** - This is the time God decided he would stop the plage. -* **seventy thousand** - "70,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **from Dan to Beersheba** - The writer mentions the city of Dan in the north and the city of Beersheba in the south to mean the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **the angel reached out with his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it** - AT: "the angel started destroying the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh changed his mind about the harm** - “Yahweh stopped the evil that he was allowing the angel to do,” (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Now draw back your hand** - AT: "Do not harm them any longer" -* **Araunah** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the threshing floor** - A threshing floor was a hard flat surface where people separated the grain from the stock that it grew on; either by dragging a heave object such as a large board or rock over it, by hitting it with a stick or getting cattle to walk on it. +"70,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# from Dan to Beersheba + +Here mentioning the city of Dan in the extreme north and the city Beersheba in the extreme south means the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the angel reached out with his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it + +Here the metonym "hand" stands for the angel's power. AT: "the angel was about to destroy the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh changed his mind because of the harm + +This means that Yahweh stopped the evil that he was allowing the angel to do. AT: "Yahweh felt grieved about the harm" + +# Now draw back your hand + +The metonym "hand" stands for the angel's power. AT: "Do not harm them any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Araunah + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the threshing floor + +A threshing floor was a hard, flat surface where edible grain was separated from chaff. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/17.md b/2sa/24/17.md index 98f465613c..8bd05939fb 100644 --- a/2sa/24/17.md +++ b/2sa/24/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I have sinned, and I have acted perversely -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "I have sinned terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# But these sheep, what have they done? -* **I have sinned, and I have acted perversely** - These mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "I have sinned terribly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **But these sheep, what have they done?** - David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Please let your hand punish me** - Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "Please punish me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "These ordinary people have done nothing wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Please let your hand punish me + +Here the metonym "hand" refers to power. AT: "Please punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/18.md b/2sa/24/18.md index ada44f7e53..2c14a5fc71 100644 --- a/2sa/24/18.md +++ b/2sa/24/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# bowed to the king with his face to the ground -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **bowed to the king with his face to the ground** - He was showing deep respect and honor to the king. (See: symbolic action) AT: "honored the king" +He was showing deep respect and honor to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/21.md b/2sa/24/21.md index 74133e8ea0..65ca37bf6c 100644 --- a/2sa/24/21.md +++ b/2sa/24/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# so that the plague may be removed from the people -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] -* [[en:tw:yoke|yoke]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# what is good in your sight -* **so that the plague may be removed from the people** - AT: "so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Do with it what is good in your sight** - AT: "Do with it what you think is good" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **threshing sledges** - heavy boards used to separate the grain from the rest of the wheat plant +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "what you think is good" or "what is good in your judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# threshing sledges + +heavy boards used to separate grain from the rest of the wheat plant \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/24.md b/2sa/24/24.md index f2341c3e36..3192f06e44 100644 --- a/2sa/24/24.md +++ b/2sa/24/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will not offer ... anything that costs me nothing -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "I will only offer ... something that I have paid for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# fifty shekels -* **fifty shekels** - "50 shekels." A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **So Yahweh was pleaded with** - AT: "So David pleaded with Yahweh" or "David prayed to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for the land** - AT: "for the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the plague in Israel was stopped** - AT: "Yahweh stopped the plague in Israel" +"50 shekels." A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# on behalf of the land + +Here the metonym "land" stands for the people of Israel. AT: "on behalf of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# caused the plague to be contained + +"caused the plague to end" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/intro.md b/2sa/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d311fbe13c --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Samuel 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Counting soldiers ##### +David ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/front/intro.md b/2sa/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5041a94244 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Samuel # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 2 Samuel #### + +1. The first years of David's reign (1:1–8:18) + - Saul's death, and David's kindness to Ish Bosheth (1:1–4:12) + - David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25) + - Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29) +1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19) +1. David's sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31) +1. Ammon's crime and Absalom's retribution (13:1–14:33) +1. The later years of David's reign (15:1–24:25) + - Absalom's rebellion and his death (15:1–18:33) + - David's kingdom restored (19:1–20:26) + - Famine and warfare (21:1–14) + - David's song of praise (22:1–23:7) + - David's mighty men (23:8–39) + - David's sin of numbering the people, and the plague at the temple (24:1–25) + +#### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about? #### + +This book is about David's rule as king over Israel. At first he ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king as well, and he ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years. + +Throughout this time, David fought foreign enemies who attacked Israel. His most difficult struggle, however, was against someone in his own family, when his son Absalom rebelled against him (See: [2 Samuel 13-19](../13/01.md)). + +Besides telling about David's struggles and victories, the Book of 2 Samuel tells how David committed adultery with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. David went further into sin by arranging for the death of her husband. David's moral failure led to great suffering for himself and all Israel. + +However, the writer also presents the divine grace and love that David repeatedly experienced when he turned to God in repentance. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### +Like the Book of 1 Samuel, this book has a very vague meaning at best. Translators should use the same kind of title as they gave to that book, perhaps "The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel? #### +The Book of 2 Samuel is a continuation of 1 Samuel. The writer continues in this book with the same purposes in mind, telling how Israel developed into a unified nation under its first kings. It seems clear that the writer also wanted to defend David's right to rule in the place of Saul. This theme implies that the northern tribes had no right to rebel against the descendants of David, the king whom Yahweh had chosen to rule. It is likely that the author wrote at a time when the nation of Israel was in a civil war, and that he supported the kingdom of Judah. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What covenant has its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel? #### +2 Samuel 7 records how Yahweh made a covenant, in which he promised to make descendants of David rule forever over Israel. This covenant is viewed by Christians as being fulfilled by Jesus Christ, who in his human nature is a descendant of David. In this way, Jesus Christ is the ultimate "anointed one," the person chosen by God to be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly? #### +David frequently refers to himself as "your servant" when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul "my master." This type of indirect reference can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show submissiveness to the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" or "ma'am" in this way. + +#### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel? #### +1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since it is a continuation of that book. + +#### How is the name "Israel" used in the Bible? #### +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. 2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as "Israel." This can cause confusion because the civil war has not begun at this point in the history of Israel (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/09.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/03.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/09.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/07.md); [2 Samuel 19:4](../19/03.md),[2 Samuel 42-43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/01.md b/2th/01/01.md index 300c41308a..b90dc1617b 100644 --- a/2th/01/01.md +++ b/2th/01/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] -* [[en:tw:thessalonica]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Paul is the author of this letter, but he includes Silvanus and Timothy as senders of the letter. He begins by greeting the church at Thessalonica. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **you** - “you” refers to the believers in the Thessalonian Church. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Silvanus** - "Silvanus" is the Latin form of "Silas". He is the same person called Silas who travelled with Paul in the book of Acts. +The words "we" and "us" refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Silvanus + +This is the Latin form of "Silas." He is the same person listed in the book of Acts as Paul's fellow traveler. + +# May grace be to you + +Paul commonly uses this greeting in his letters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/03.md b/2th/01/03.md index 6198327f3f..d1c6c4c382 100644 --- a/2th/01/03.md +++ b/2th/01/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Paul gives thanks for the believers in Thessalonica. -## translationNotes +# We should always give thanks to God -* **We should** - "we" refers to Paul, Silas, and Timothy but not to the Thessalonian audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **give thanks to God always** - "give thanks to God frequently" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **for it is appropriate** - "for it is the right thing to do" or "for it is good" -* **toward one another** - "towards your fellow believers" -* **for you** - This refers to the believers at Thessalonica. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **We ourselves** - "ourselves" is a reflexive pronoun used here to emphasize Paul's boasting. Some translations just state "we". -* **persecutions and afflictions** - These words mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how severely they were suffering. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **that you will be counted worthy** - that God would consider you valuable for Him to have you in His kingdom +Paul uses "always" as a generalization meaning "often" or "regularly. The sentence emphasizes the greatness of what God is doing in the lives of the Thessalonian believers. AT: "We should often give thanks to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# For this is appropriate + +"For it is the right thing to do" or "For it is good" + +# the love each of you has for one another increases + +"you sincerely love one another" + +# one another + +Here "one another" means fellow Christians. + +# we ourselves + +Here "ourselves" is used to emphasize Paul's boasting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# that you will be considered worthy of the kingdom of God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God will consider you worthy to be part of his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/06.md b/2th/01/06.md index 022472567a..cdaebeb65c 100644 --- a/2th/01/06.md +++ b/2th/01/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +As Paul continues, he talks about God being just. -## translationNotes +# It is righteous for God -* **It is righteous for God** - "God is right" or "God is just" -* **and relief to you** - This example of ellipsis leaves out the words "for God to return". It can be translated as, "and for God to return relief to you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **angels of his power ** - God's powerful messengers -* **In flaming fire will he take vengeance** - "Then with blazing fire he will punish" (UDB) or "The Lord Jesus will punish with blazing fire" +"God is right" or "God is just" + +# relief to you + +You can make it explicit that God is the one who provides relief. AT: "for God to provide relief to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the angels of his power + +"his powerful angels" + +# In flaming fire he will take vengeance on those who do not know God and on those who + +"He will punish with blazing fire those who do not know God and those who" or "Then with blazing fire he will punish those who do not know God and those who" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/09.md b/2th/01/09.md index 2cfd550cca..83cbff64b8 100644 --- a/2th/01/09.md +++ b/2th/01/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They will be punished -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +Here "They" refers to the people who do not obey the gospel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Lord will punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# when he comes on that day -* **They will suffer** - "The people who do not obey the gospel" -* **eternal destruction** - an eternal process of being destroyed without hope. -* **when he comes on that day** - when Jesus come on the day of the Lord -* **to be glorified by his saints** - This passive phrase can be stated as "Jesus's believers will glorify him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to be marveled at** - "to be amazed at" or "to stand in awe at" -* **to you** - to the Thessalonian believers (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Here "that day" is the day when Jesus will return to the world. + +# to be glorified by his people and to be marveled at by all those who believed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when his people will glorify him and all those who believed will stand in awe of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/11.md b/2th/01/11.md index 6f0a7791db..5baeae8332 100644 --- a/2th/01/11.md +++ b/2th/01/11.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# we also pray continually for you -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Paul is emphasizing how often he prays for them. AT: we also pray regularly for you" or "we continue to pray for you" -## translationNotes +# calling -* **For this we also pray** - "We also pray" -* **we** - the pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silas and Timothy. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **we also pray continually for you** - "frequently". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **you ** - All second person plural pronouns “you” refer to the believers in the Thessalonian church. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **fulfill every desire of goodness ** - "make you able to do good in every way that you desire". (UDB) -* **that the name of our Lord Jesus may be glorified by you** - "that you may glorify the name of our Lord Jesus" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and you by him** - "and Jesus may glorify you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **because of the grace of our God** - "because of our God's grace" +Here "calling" refers to God appointing or choosing people to be his children and servants, and to proclaim his message of salvation through Jesus. + +# fulfill every desire of goodness + +"make you able to do good in every way that you desire" + +# that the name of our Lord Jesus may be glorified by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you may glorify the name of our Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be glorified by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus will glorify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because of the grace of our God + +"because of God's grace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/intro.md b/2th/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..309e79078f --- /dev/null +++ b/2th/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Thessalonians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +1:1-2 forms a formal introduction to this letter. It was a common way of introducing a letter in the ancient Near East. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: persecution is a sign of blessing from God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Thessalonians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* **[2 Thessalonians intro](../front/intro.md) +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/01.md b/2th/02/01.md index ee8676180e..742dec50f2 100644 --- a/2th/02/01.md +++ b/2th/02/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Paul exhorts believers not to be deceived about the day Jesus will come back. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now** - "Now" marks a change in topic. -* **we request you ** - "I urge you" (UDB) -* **we request ** - "we" refers to Paul, Silas, and Timothy. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **you** - “You” refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **that you be not easily shaken ** - that these events do not easily shake your minds. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **by word, or by letter as from us** - "by spoken word or by written letter as coming from us" -* **so as to believe** - "telling you" +The word "Now" marks a change of topic in Paul's instructions. + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# that you not be easily disturbed or troubled + +"that you do not easily let yourselves be disturbed" + +# by a message, or by a letter that seems to be coming from us + +"by spoken word or by written letter that pretends to be coming from us" + +# to the effect that + +"saying that" + +# the day of the Lord + +This refers to the time when Jesus will come back to the earth for all believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/03.md b/2th/02/03.md index 653d970cf5..6572f49de5 100644 --- a/2th/02/03.md +++ b/2th/02/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:antichrist]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Paul teaches about the man of lawlessness. -## translationNotes +# it will not come -* **deceive you** - refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **it will not come** - "the Day of the Lord will not come" -* **and the man of lawlessness is revealed** - "and God will expose the man of lawlessness." (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the son of destruction** - "the one who destroys everything he can" or "the Destroyer." He will do his father's bidding, that is, Satan. -* **all that is called God or is worshiped** - "everything that people worship" +"the day of the Lord will not come" + +# the falling away + +This refers to a future time when many people will turn away from God. + +# the man of lawlessness is revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God reveals the man of lawlessness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the son of destruction + +Paul speaks of destruction as a person who bore a son whose goal is to totally destroy everything. AT: "the one who destroys everything he can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all that is called God or that is worshiped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that people consider to be God or everything that people worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# exhibits himself as God + +"shows himself as God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/05.md b/2th/02/05.md index cdca1d57e3..35c223d1e7 100644 --- a/2th/02/05.md +++ b/2th/02/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you not remember ... these things? -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +Paul uses a rhetorical question to remind them of his teaching when he was with them previously. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I am sure you remember ... these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# these things -* **Do you not remember** - This rhetorical question is used to remind the believers of Paul's teachings. It can be translated as "I am sure you remember". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do you not** - "you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **these things** - This refers to the return of Jesus, the day of the Lord, and the man of lawlessness.​ -* **for him to be revealed when it is time for him to be ** - "until God decides to reveal the man of lawlessness" -* **mystery of lawlessness** - A sacred secret that is not known by human reason but is only known by the revelation of God. +This refers to the return of Jesus, the day of the Lord, and the man of lawlessness. + +# he will be revealed only at the right time + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will reveal the man of lawlessness when the time is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mystery of lawlessness + +This refers to a sacred secret that only God knows. + +# who restrains him + +To restrain someone is to hold them back or to keep them from doing what they want to do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/08.md b/2th/02/08.md index 1f3a50b68c..dde99b17a3 100644 --- a/2th/02/08.md +++ b/2th/02/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the lawless one will be revealed -* [[en:tw:antichrist]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then God will allow the lawless one to show himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# with the breath of his mouth -* **Then the lawless one will be revealed** - "Then God will reveal the lawless one". The lawless one is another name for the Antichrist. -* **breath of his mouth** - "by the power of his spoken word" -* ** bring to nothing by the revelation of his coming** - Jesus will destroy the lawless one when he appears at his return. -* **The lawless one's coming will be due to the work of Satan** - Satan will enable the Lawless one to act in all power, signs, and false wonders. -* +Here "breath" represents the power of God. AT: "by the power of his spoken word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bring him to nothing by the revelation of his coming + +When Jesus returns to earth and shows himself, he will defeat the lawless one. + +# with all power, signs, and false wonders + +"with all kinds of power, signs, and false wonders" + +# with all deceit of unrighteousness + +This person will use every sort of evil to deceive people to believe in him instead of God. + +# These things will be for those who are perishing + +This man who is given power by Satan will deceive everyone who did not believe in Jesus. + +# who are perishing + +Here "perishing" has the concept of everlasting or eternal destruction. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/11.md b/2th/02/11.md index 9e3b75643d..7315b7efb2 100644 --- a/2th/02/11.md +++ b/2th/02/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For this reason -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +"Because the people do not love the truth" -## translationNotes +# God is sending them a work of error so that they would believe a lie -* **For this reason** - "Because the people do not love the truth" -* **God is sending them a work of error so that they would believe a lie** - "God is allowing the man of lawlessness to deceive them" -* **that they all might be judged** - "and God will judge them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Paul is speaking of God allowing something to happen to people as if he is sending them something. AT: "God is allowing the man of lawlessness to deceive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will all be judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will judge all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who did not believe the truth but instead took pleasure in unrighteousness + +"those who took pleasure in unrighteousness because they did not believe the truth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/13.md b/2th/02/13.md index 1bc867230d..23bb7fb3e1 100644 --- a/2th/02/13.md +++ b/2th/02/13.md @@ -1,33 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul now changes topics. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **But** - "but" marks a change in topic. -* **we should always give thanks** - "We should frequently give thanks." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **we** - The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silas, and Timothy. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **you** - "you" is plural and refers to the believers in the Thessalonian church. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]). -* **brothers loved by the Lord** - "for the lord loves you, brothers," (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **as the first fruits for salvation** - "to be among the first people to believe" (UDB) -* **in sanctification of the Spirit** - "that God would save and set you apart for himself by means of his Spirit" (UDB) -* **belief in the truth** - "trust in the truth" or "have confidence in the truth" -* ** grasp the traditions** - These traditions are those teachings that were handed down (taught) by Paul and possibly other apostles regarding the truths of Christ. -* **you were taught** - "we have taught you" (UDB) (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* ** whether by word or by our letter** - whether by what we taught you in person or by the words we wrote to you in a letter sent to you. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Paul gives thanks to God for the believers and encourages them. + +# But + +Paul uses this word here to mark a change in topic. + +# we should always give thanks + +The word "always" is a generalization. AT: "we should continually give thanks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# we should + +Here "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy. + +# brothers loved by the Lord + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the Lord loves you, brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# as the firstfruits for salvation in sanctification of the Spirit and belief in the truth + +Being among the first people to be saved is spoken of as if the Thessalonian believers are "firstfruits." This can also be stated to remove the abstract nouns "salvation," "sanctification," "belief," and "truth." AT: "to be among the first people who believe what is true, and whom God has saved and set apart for himself by his Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# So then, brothers, stand firm + +Paul exhorts the believers to hold fast to their faith in Jesus. + +# hold tightly to the traditions + +Here "traditions" refers to the truths of Christ that Paul and the other apostles taught. Paul speaks of them as if his readers could hold on to them with their hands. AT: "remember the traditions" or "believe the truths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you were taught + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we have taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whether by word or by our letter + +You can make clear the implicit information. AT: "whether by what we taught you in person or by what we wrote to you in a letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/16.md b/2th/02/16.md index c30c84b4ef..8ef8f33828 100644 --- a/2th/02/16.md +++ b/2th/02/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul ends with a blessing from God. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now ** - marks change in topic -* **may our Lord...loved us and gave us** - "our" and "us" includes Paul's audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **Lord Jesus Christ himself** - "himself" adds additional emphasis to the phrase the Lord Jesus Christ. -* **your** - This word is plural and refers to the believers in the Thessalonian church. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* ** comfort and establish your hearts in** - "comfort you and strengthen you for" -* +Paul uses this word here to mark a change in topic. + +# may our Lord ... who loved us and gave us + +The words "our" and "us" refer to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Lord Jesus Christ himself + +Here "himself" gives additional emphasis to the phrase "Lord Jesus Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# comfort and establish your hearts in + +"hearts" refers to the seat of emotions. AT: "comfort you and strengthen you for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/intro.md b/2th/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97b9a65066 --- /dev/null +++ b/2th/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Thessalonians 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Being gathered together to be with him" ##### + +Many scholars believe this passage refers to an event known as the "rapture." This is a time when Jesus calls those who believe in him to himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Antichrist ##### +Other names for the Antichrist in this chapter are the "man of lawlessness," "the lawless one," and the "son of destruction." During the time prophesied in this chapter, Satan will be actively at work in the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Sits in the temple of God ##### +Since the temple no longer exists, it is possible this is a reference to the idea that the temple will one day be rebuilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Thessalonians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/01.md b/2th/03/01.md index 11466d58ba..069d2fc77b 100644 --- a/2th/03/01.md +++ b/2th/03/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul asks the believers to pray for him and his companions. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **And now ** - Marks a change of topic. -* **pray for us...that we may** - "us" and "we" refers to Paul, Silas and Timothy but not their audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **word of the Lord may spread rapidly** - that many more people will hear the message about our Lord Jesus. -* **be glorified** - That people will honor the message of Jesus Christ. -* **with you...establish you** - refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **that we may be delivered** - "that God may save us" or "that God may rescue us" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* ** who will establish you** - "who will strengthen you" -* **the evil one** - "the evil one, Satan." +Paul uses the word "now" to mark a change in topic. + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# that the word of the Lord may rush and be glorified, as it also is with you + +Paul speaks of God's word spreading as if it were running from place to place. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that more and more people will soon hear our message about our Lord Jesus and honor it, as happened with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that we may be delivered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God may save us" or "that God may rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for not all have faith + +"for many people do not believe in Jesus" + +# who will establish you + +"who will strengthen you" + +# the evil one + +"Satan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/04.md b/2th/03/04.md index 78cbf550fe..73ec75048c 100644 --- a/2th/03/04.md +++ b/2th/03/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# We have confidence -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +"We have faith" or "We trust" -## translationNotes +# direct your hearts -* **in the Lord** - "joined to the Lord" (UDB) -* **we ** - “we” refers to Paul, Silas and Timothy but not their audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **concerning ** - "about" -* **you** - “you” and "your" refer to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **direct your hearts** - This is an expression that refers to the believers not just a body part. "guide your hearts" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Paul describes the Lord motivating Christians to love God as if the Lord were guiding them down a path. AT: "help you know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hearts + +This is a metaphor for the emotions or will, which control love and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the love of God and to the endurance of Christ + +Paul speaks of God's love and Christ's endurance as if they were destinations on a path. AT: "how much God loves you and how much Christ has endured for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/06.md b/2th/03/06.md index 93795c2757..452d4dd720 100644 --- a/2th/03/06.md +++ b/2th/03/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] +Paul gives the believers some final instructions about working and not being idle. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now** - marks a new topic. -* **we command...from us** - "we" and "us" refers to Paul, Silas and Timothy. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]). -* **command you...you avoid** - "you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **we command you** - "we charge you" or "we order you" -* **our Lord** - "our" includes the Thessalonians believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]). -* **live idly ** - "is lazy and refuses to work" (UDB) -* **to imitate us** - "to act like us" -* **in labor and toil we worked** - The words "labor" and "toil" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how hard they worked. AT: "we worked very hard" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **night and day** - "during the night and during the day" -* **It is not that we do not have authority ** - "We have authority" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]]) +Paul uses this word to mark a change in topic. + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ + +"by the authority of the Lord Jesus Christ" + +# our Lord + +Here "our" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# to imitate us + +"to act the way that my fellow workers and I act" + +# We did not live among you as those who had no discipline + +Paul uses a double negative to emphasize the positive. This can be stated as a positive. AT: "We lived among you as those who had much discipline" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# we worked night and day + +"we worked during the night and during the day." Here "night" and "day" are a merism and they mean "all the time." AT: "we worked all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# in difficult labor and hardship + +Paul emphasizes how hard his circumstances were. Difficult labor implies work that requires great effort. Hardship implies they endured pain and suffering. AT: "in very difficult circumstances" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# We did this not because we have no authority. Instead, we did + +Paul uses a double negative to emphasize the positive. This can be stated as a positive. AT: "We certainly have the right to receive food from you, but instead we worked for our food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/10.md b/2th/03/10.md index bf8c9e9999..6647d5705d 100644 --- a/2th/03/10.md +++ b/2th/03/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who is unwilling to work must not eat -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "If a person wants to eat, he must work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# some walk idly -* **we ** - refers to Paul, Silas and Timothy but not the Thessalonians. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]). -* **you** - refer to Thessalonians believers (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **some walk idly** - "some live idle lives" or "some are lazy" -* **with quietness** - "in a quiet, peaceful, mild manner" +Here "walk" stands for behavior in life. AT: "some live idle lives" or "some are lazy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but are instead meddlers + +Meddlers are people who interfere in the affairs of others without being asked to help. + +# with quietness + +"in a quiet, peaceful, and mild manner." Paul exhorts the meddlers to stop getting involved in other people's affairs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/13.md b/2th/03/13.md index 41bd983d67..0a3a5f46af 100644 --- a/2th/03/13.md +++ b/2th/03/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Paul uses this word to contrast the lazy believers with the hardworking believers. -## translationNotes +# you, brothers -* **But ** - "but" contrasts between the lazy believers to the hard working believers. -* **you** - this refers to the Thessalonians believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **do not lose heart** - This is an idiom for "do not be discouraged". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **take note of him** - "publicly identify that person" (UDB). +The word "you" refers to all the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# do not lose heart + +To "lose heart" is an idiom that means to get tired, weary, or discouraged. AT: "do not be discouraged" or "do not grow weary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# take note of him + +Notice who he is. AT: "publicly identify that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so that he may be ashamed + +Paul instructs believers to shun lazy believers as a disciplinary action. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/16.md b/2th/03/16.md index f2b183a056..344b64f669 100644 --- a/2th/03/16.md +++ b/2th/03/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Paul makes closing remarks to the believers at Thessalonica. -## translationNotes +# May the Lord of peace himself give you -* **the Lord of Peace himself** - "himself" adds emphasis to declare that the Lord of Peace will personally do it. -* **you** - "you" refers to Thessalonians believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **This is my greeting, Paul, with my own hand** - "I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand" +You can make explicit that this is Paul's prayer for the Thessalonians. AT: "I pray that the Lord of peace himself gives you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Lord of peace himself + +Here "himself" emphasizes that the Lord will personally give peace to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# This is my greeting, Paul, with my own hand, which is the sign in every letter + +"I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand, which I do in every letter, as a sign that this letter is truly from me" + +# This is how I write + +Paul makes it clear that this letter is from him and is not a forgery. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/intro.md b/2th/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6422d6ca3e --- /dev/null +++ b/2th/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Thessalonians 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Idleness and laziness ##### +In Thessalonica, there apparently was a problem with people in their church who were able to work but refused to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### What should you do if "your brother sins"? ##### + +In this chapter, Paul teaches it is important for Christians to live in a way that honors God. Christians should also encourage one another and hold each other accountable for their actions. The church is also responsible for encouraging believers to repent if they sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Thessalonians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/front/intro.md b/2th/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ec92e8eab --- /dev/null +++ b/2th/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Thessalonians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 2 Thessalonians #### + +1. Greetings and thanksgiving (1:1-3) +1. Christians suffering from persecution + - They are worthy of the kingdom of God and of his promise of relief from trials (1:5-7) + - God will judge those who persecute Christians (1:8-12) +1. Some believers' misunderstanding about the second coming of Christ + - Christ's return has not yet happened (2:1-2) + - Instruction about the events that will precede the return of Christ (2:3-12) +1. Paul's confidence that God will save the Thessalonian Christians + - His call to "stand firm" (2:13-15) + - His prayer that God will comfort them (2:16-17) +1. Paul requests that the Thessalonian believers pray for him (3:1-5) +1. Paul give commands about idle believers (3:6-15) +1. Closing (3:16-17) + +#### What is the Book of 2 Thessalonians about? #### + +This letter was probably written because of new information about events affecting the church in Thessalonica since Paul's first letter. It implies that there was a false letter written in the name of Paul, received by the church in Thessalonica, and that its false teaching led to some confusion. + +There are several major issues addressed in 2 Thessalonians. The first matter is the confusion that arose about the second coming of Jesus Christ. The second matter Paul addresses is the issue of idleness. Thirdly, Paul also encourages Christians who are suffering from persecution. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 Thessalonians" or "Second Thessalonians." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Second Letter to the Church in Thessalonica," or "The Second Letter to the Christians in Thessalonica." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the "second coming" of Jesus? #### + +The Book of 2 Thessalonians focuses on Jesus' eventual return to Earth. At this time, mankind will be judged, Christ's kingdom will begin, and peace will reign. This letter also explains that the Antichrist, the most powerful enemy of Christ, will appear before the return of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) + +#### What are eternal rewards and punishment? #### + +Those who do not believe in Jesus will suffer eternal punishment after they die. Christians are saved from this punishment, but they will be rewarded based on the faithfulness of the life they lived as Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Thessalonians? #### + +* "and the man of lawlessness is revealed" (2:3). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Older versions have, "and the man of sin is revealed." +* "For God chose you as the first fruits for salvation" (2:13) The ULB, UDB, and some other versions have this reading. Other versions have, "For God chose you from the first for salvation." If there are other versions in their region, translators should consider following their reading in this passage. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/01.md b/2ti/01/01.md index aa8b4111b4..98f37e190f 100644 --- a/2ti/01/01.md +++ b/2ti/01/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +In this book, unless otherwise noted, the word "our" refers to Paul and Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), as well as to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Paul ... to Timothy -* **Paul ** - "From Paul" or "I, Paul write this letter" -* **through the will of God** - "because of God's will" or "because God wanted it to be this way." Paul became an apostle because God wanted Paul to be an apostle, and not because a human being chose him. -* **according to** - Possible meanings: 1) "in keeping with," meaning that just as God promises that Jesus gives life, he has made Paul an apostle; 2) "for the purpose of," meaning that God appointed Paul to tell others about God's promise of life in Jesus. -* **the promise of the life which is in Christ Jesus** - "God has promised to make those who are in Christ Jesus alive" -* **beloved child** - "dear child" or "child who is loved" or "child whom I love." Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and Paul considered him like his own child for this reason. -* **Grace, mercy, and peace from** - "May grace, mercy and peace be yours from" or "May you experience kindness, mercy and peace within from" -* **God the Father** - "God who is our Father" -* **and Christ Jesus our Lord** - "and Christ Jesus who is our Lord" +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UDB. + +# through the will of God + +"because of God's will" or "because God wanted it." Paul became an apostle because God wanted him to be an apostle and not because a human being chose him. + +# according to + +Possible meanings are 1) "for the purpose of." This means that God appointed Paul to tell others about God's promise of life in Jesus or 2) "in keeping with." This means that just as God promises that Jesus gives life, he has made Paul an apostle. + +# of the life that is in Christ Jesus + +Paul speaks of "the life" as if it were an object inside of Jesus. This refers to the life people receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus. AT: "of the life that we receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# beloved child + +"dear child" or "child whom I love. Here "child" is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. AT: "who is like my beloved child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Grace, mercy, and peace from + +"May grace, mercy, and peace be yours from" or "May you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within from" + +# God the Father and + +"God, who is our Father, and." This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Christ Jesus our Lord + +"Christ Jesus, who is our Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/03.md b/2ti/01/03.md index 269292cf33..d00722e445 100644 --- a/2ti/01/03.md +++ b/2ti/01/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# whom I serve from my forefathers -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"whom I serve as my ancestors did" -## translationNotes +# with a clean conscience -* **I serve from my forefathers** - Paul worships the same God as his ancient ancestors did. AT: "… for whom I perform my duties as a Christian just as my ancestors who came before me did…" -* **in a pure conscience** - "with a clean conscience." He is not bothered by thoughts of wrongdoing because he has always tried to do what was right. -* **as I constantly remember you ** - "when I remember you continuously" or 'while I remember you all the time" -* **night and day ** - Possible meanings are 1) "my prayers night and day" 2) "I constantly remember you night and day 3) "longing to see you night and day." -* **longing to see you** - "wanting very much to see you" -* **remembering your tears** - "keeping all the things that you have suffered in my mind" -* **may be filled with joy** - "have much joy" or "be very joyful" -* **having been reminded ** - "because I have been reminded" or "when I have been reminded" or "for I have been reminded" or "and having been reminded" -* **your genuine faith** - "your faith that is real" or "your faith that is not pretended.” It refers to being honest or true. -* **faith … which lived in your grandmother … now lives in you** - Timothy's Grandmother was a devout woman and Paul is comparing Timothy's faith with his grandmother's. +Paul speaks of his conscience as if it could be physically clean. This means that a person does not feel guilty because he has always tried to do what was right. AT: "knowing I have tried my hardest to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as I constantly remember you + +"when I remember you continually" or "while I remember you all the time" + +# night and day + +Here "night and day" are used together to mean "always." AT: "Always" or "Constantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I long to see you + +"I want very much to see you" + +# I may be filled with joy + +Paul speaks of himself as if he were a container that someone could fill. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I may be full of joy" or "I may have complete joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I remember your tears + +Here "tears" represents crying. AT: "I remember how you cried for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have been reminded of your + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I also remember your" or "I also recall your" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your genuine faith + +"your faith that is real" or "your faith that is sincere" + +# faith, which lived first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice, and I am convinced that it lives in you also + +Paul is speaking of their faith as if it were something that was alive and lived in them. Paul means they have the same sort of faith. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "faith. Lois, your grandmother, and Eunice, your mother, first had genuine faith, and I am confident that you have genuine faith as well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lois ... Eunice + +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/06.md b/2ti/01/06.md index 8ccaf4e700..a68e387d7f 100644 --- a/2ti/01/06.md +++ b/2ti/01/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Paul encourages Timothy to live in power, love, and discipline and not to be ashamed because of Paul's suffering in prison because of his (Paul's) faith in Christ. -## translationNotes +# This is the reason -* **This is the reason ** - "For this reason" or "Because of your sincere faith in Jesus" or "Since you have a sincere faith in Jesus" -* **I remind you ** - "I am reminding you" or "I am telling you again" -* **rekindle the gift of God in you through the laying on of my hands** - Paul had laid hands on Timothy conferring the Holy Spirit and a spiritual ability or gift upon him. Paul is telling Timothy to "relight" or "rekindle" that spiritual ability in his work for Christ. The picture of blowing on or fanning a bed of coals is a metaphor for spiritual abilities and gifts that Timothy had been neglecting or not using. -* **For God ** - "Because God" or "Since God" -* **God did not give us a spirit of fear** - Paul had received the Spirit from God. When he laid his hands on Timothy, the same Spirit had come upon Timothy. This Spirit did not cause them to be afraid of God or of other people. -* **spirit of ... discipline** - Possible meanings are "God's Spirit enables us to control ourselves" (see UDB) or 2) "God's Spirit enables us to correct others who go wrong." +"For this reason" or "Because of your sincere faith in Jesus" + +# to rekindle the gift + +Paul speaks about Timothy's need to start using his gift again as if he were restarting a fire. AT: "to start using again the gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands + +"the gift of God that you received when I laid my hands on you." This refers to a ceremony in which Paul placed his hands on Timothy and prayed that God would enable him to do the work he had commanded him to do. + +# God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power and love and discipline + +Possible meanings are 1) "spirit" refers to the "Holy Spirit." AT: "God's Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline" or 2) "spirit" refers to a characteristic. AT: "God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline" + +# discipline + +Possible meanings are 1) the power to control ourselves or 2) the power to correct other people who are doing wrong. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/08.md b/2ti/01/08.md index 81990d2903..131c5284f7 100644 --- a/2ti/01/08.md +++ b/2ti/01/08.md @@ -1,33 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# of the testimony -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +"of testifying" or "of telling others" -## translationNotes +# his prisoner -* **Then do not be ashamed ** - "Therefore do not be afraid" or "So do not be fearful" -* **share in suffering for the gospel** - Paul was suffering wrongly for the sake of the Gospel. He is telling Timothy to not be afraid to suffer for the Gospel in the same way. -* **according to the power of God** - "allowing God to make you strong" -* **not according to our works** - "it is not by how many good things we do that we are saved" or "God does not save us on the basis of the good things we do" or "God saves us even though we have done bad things" -* **who saved us … according to his own plan** - "God planned to save us and now has saved us" or "God decided that he would save us and decided how he would save us and now has saved us" or "who saved us … the way he had planned to save us" -* **before times ever began** - "before the world began" or "before time began." -* **times** - This is a metonym for the universe, all that exists. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **God's salvation has been revealed by the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus** - "God has shown how he will save us by having our Savior the Messiah Jesus appear" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who destroyed death** - "who destroyed death's power over us" -* **brought life that never ends to light through the gospel** - "taught what life that never ends is by preaching the gospel" -* **I was appointed a proclaimer** - "God chose me to preach the message" +"a prisoner for his sake" or "a prisoner because I testify about the Lord" + +# share in suffering for the gospel + +Paul speaks of suffering as if it were an object that could be shared or distributed among people. AT: "suffer with me for the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# gospel according to the power of God + +"gospel, allowing God to make you strong" + +# with a holy calling + +"with a calling that set us apart as his people" or "to be his holy people" + +# He did this + +"He saved and called us" + +# not according to our works + +"not because we did anything to deserve it" + +# but according to his own plan and grace + +"but because he planned to show us kindness" + +# in Christ Jesus + +"through our relationship to Christ Jesus" + +# before times ever began + +"before the world began" or "before time began" + +# God's salvation has been revealed by the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus + +Paul speaks of salvation as if it were an object that could uncovered and shown to people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has shown how he will save us by sending our Savior Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who put an end to death + +Paul speaks of death as if it were an independent process instead of the event of people dying. AT: "who destroyed death" or "who made it possible for people not to remain dead forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brought life that never ends to light through the gospel + +Paul speaks of teaching about eternal life as if it were an object that could be brought from darkness into light so that people could see it. AT: "taught what life that never ends is by preaching the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was appointed a preacher + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God chose me to be a preacher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/12.md b/2ti/01/12.md index 8b0d4c01e7..479a7369c7 100644 --- a/2ti/01/12.md +++ b/2ti/01/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# For this cause -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +"Because I am an apostle" -## translationNotes +# I also suffer these things -* **For this cause** - "Because I am an apostle" -* **I suffer ... these things** - "I am a prisoner" -* **I am persuaded** - "I am convinced" -* **that day** - Possible meanings are 1) the day when the Lord comes again or 2) the day when God judges people. -* **Keep to the pattern of healthy words which you heard from me** - "Keep teaching the correct ideas I have taught you" or "Use my words and my teaching methods as a pattern for what and how you should teach" -* **healthy words** - "correct ideas" or "true words" -* **That good thing** - This refers to the work of proclaiming the gospel correctly. -* **guard it** - Timothy needs to be alert because people will oppose his work, try to make him stop, and distort what he says. -* **through the Holy Spirit** - "do all and only what the Holy Spirit tells you to do" +Paul is referring to being a prisoner. + +# I am persuaded + +"I am convinced" + +# to keep that which I have entrusted to him + +Paul is using a metaphor of a person leaving something with another person who is supposed to protect it until he gives it back to the first person. Possible meanings are 1) Paul is trusting Jesus to help him remain faithful, or 2) Paul is trusting that Jesus will ensure that people continue spreading the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that day + +This refers to the day when God judges all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Keep the example of faithful messages that you heard from me + +"Keep teaching the correct ideas I have taught you" or "Use how I taught you as a pattern for what and how you should teach" + +# with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus + +"as you trust in Jesus Christ and love him" + +# The good thing + +This refers to the work of proclaiming the gospel correctly. + +# guard it + +Timothy needs to be alert because people will oppose his work, try to make him stop, and distort what he says. + +# through the Holy Spirit + +"with the power of the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/15.md b/2ti/01/15.md index 96f35be5ce..5c4a22523c 100644 --- a/2ti/01/15.md +++ b/2ti/01/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# turned away from me -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] +Paul speaks of their ceasing to help him as if they had physically turned away from him. They abandoned Paul because the authorities had thrown him into prison. AT: "have stopped helping me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Phygelus and Hermogenes ... Onesiphorus -* **turned away from me** - They abandoned him because he had been arrested and thrown into prison. -* **was not ashamed of my chain** - Onesiphorus was not ashamed of Paul because he was in prison but came to visit him frequently. //Chain// is a metonym for being in prison. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **grant to him to find mercy … in that day** - Paul is wishing that Onesiphorus receives mercy and not punishment on either 1) the day the Lord comes again or 2) the day when God will judge people. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to the household + +"to the family" + +# was not ashamed of my chain + +Here "chain" is a metonym for being in prison. Onesiphorus was not ashamed that Paul was in prison but came to visit him frequently. AT: "was not ashamed that I was in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May the Lord grant to him to find mercy from him + +"May Onesiphorus receive mercy from the Lord" or "May the Lord show him mercy" + +# to find mercy from him + +Paul speaks of mercy as if it were an object that could be found. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on that day + +This refers to the day when God will judge all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/intro.md b/2ti/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64fdbd5668 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ti/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 2 Timothy 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Spiritual children ##### + +Paul calls Timothy his "son." Paul was very involved in discipling Timothy. Because of this relationship, he called him his "spiritual" son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Persecution ##### +Both Paul and Timothy were suffering persecution when this letter was written. Paul takes the time to encourage Timothy in the midst of these difficulties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Timothy 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[2 Timothy intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/01.md b/2ti/02/01.md index c6b0e99259..98eaab45c9 100644 --- a/2ti/02/01.md +++ b/2ti/02/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Paul pictures Timothy's Christian life as a soldier's life, as a farmer's life, and as an athlete's life. -## translationNotes +# my child -* **be strengthened in the grace that is in Christ Jesus** - Possible meanings are 1) "let God use the grace he gave you in Christ Jesus to make you strong" (see UDB) or 2) "encourage yourself, knowing that God has given you the grace that comes only through Christ Jesus" -* **among many witnesses** - "with many witnesses there to agree that my words were true" -* **faithful** - "trustworthy" +Here "child" is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. AT: "who is like my child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be strengthened in the grace that is in Christ Jesus + +Paul speaks about the motivation and determination that God's grace allows believers to have. AT: "let God use the grace he gave you through your relationship to Christ Jesus to make you strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# among many witnesses + +"with many witnesses there to agree that what I said is true" + +# entrust them to faithful people + +Paul speaks of his instructions to Timothy as if they were objects that Timothy could give to other people and trust them to use correctly. AT: "commit them" or "teach them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# faithful + +"trustworthy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/03.md b/2ti/02/03.md index 95f58b8ea9..067d7376ec 100644 --- a/2ti/02/03.md +++ b/2ti/02/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Suffer hardship with me -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Possible meanings are 1) "Endure suffering as I do" or 2) "Share in my suffering" -## translationNotes +# as a good soldier of Christ Jesus -* In verses 4, 5, and 6, Paul uses three metaphors to tell how a servant of Christ should live. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Suffer hardship with me** - Possible meanings are 1) "endure suffering as I do." (see UDB) or 2) "share in my suffering." -* **No soldier serves while entangled in the affairs of this life** - “No soldier serves when he is involved in the everyday business of this life” or “When soldiers are serving, they do not get distracted by the ordinary things that people have to do.” This is the first of the three metaphors. The reader should understand that Christ's servants should not allow everyday life to keep them away from working for Christ. -* **entangled** - Being prevented from serving because of doing other things is spoken of as being caught in a net. -* **superior officer** - "the one who enlisted him as a soldier" -* **an athlete … is not crowned unless he competes by the rules** - This is the second metaphor that Paul gives Timothy. The reader should understand that Christ's servants need to do what Christ says to do. -* **he is not crowned** - "he does not win the prize" -* **competes by the rules** - "strictly obeys the rules" or "strictly competes according to the rules" +Paul compares suffering for Christ Jesus to the suffering that a good soldier endures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# No soldier serves while entangled in the affairs of this life + +"No soldier serves when he is involved in the everyday business of this life" or "When soldiers are serving, they do not get distracted by the ordinary things that people do." Christ's servants should not allow everyday life to keep them from working for Christ. + +# while entangled + +Paul speaks of this distraction as if it were a net that tripped people up as they were walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his superior officer + +"his leader" or "the one who commands him" + +# as an athlete, he is not crowned unless he competes by the rules + +Paul is implicitly speaking of Christ's servants as if they were athletes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is not crowned unless he competes by the rules + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will crown him as winner only if he competes by the rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he is not crowned + +"he does not win the prize." Athletes in Paul's time were crowned with wreaths made from the leaves of plants when they won competitions. + +# competes by the rules + +"competes according to the rules" or "strictly obeys the rules" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/06.md b/2ti/02/06.md index 0948bb4e30..9c42269654 100644 --- a/2ti/02/06.md +++ b/2ti/02/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It is necessary that the hardworking farmer receive his share of the crops first -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +This is the third metaphor Paul gives Timothy about working. The reader should understand that Christ's servants need to work hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Think about what I am saying -* **The hardworking farmer must receive his share of the crops first** - This is the third metaphor that Paul gives Timothy. The reader should understand that Christ's servants need to work hard. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Think about what I am saying** - Paul gave Timothy three metaphors, but he did not explain their meanings. He expected Timothy to figure out what Paul was saying about Christ's servants. -* **for the Lord** - "because the Lord" +Paul gave Timothy word pictures, but he did not completely explain their meanings. He expected Timothy to figure out what he was saying about Christ's servants. + +# in everything + +"about everything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/08.md b/2ti/02/08.md index 237e85efb0..1411e3b2be 100644 --- a/2ti/02/08.md +++ b/2ti/02/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul gives Timothy instructions on how to live for Christ, how to suffer for Christ, and how to teach others to live for Christ. -## translationNotes +# from David's seed -* **according to my gospel message** - "that is my gospel" -* **by which I suffer** - "the gospel message for which I suffer" -* **chained** - "imprisoned" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the word of God is not chained** - "is not restricted" or "is not imprisoned" or "has full freedom" -* **for those who are chosen** - "for the people whom God has chosen" -* **may obtain the salvation** - "will receive salvation" or "God will save them" -* **with eternal glory** - "glorifying God forever" or "pointing people to God forever" +This is a metaphor that means Jesus descended from David. AT: "who is a descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who was raised from the dead ones + +This can be stated in active from. AT: "whom God raised from the dead ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# according to my gospel message + +Paul speaks of the gospel message as if it were especially his. He means that this is the gospel message that he proclaims. AT: "according to the gospel message that I preach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the point of being chained as a criminal + +Here "being chained" represents being a prisoner. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to the point of wearing chains as a criminal in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the word of God is not chained + +Here "chained" represents being a prisoner. Here this is a metaphor that means no one can stop God's message. AT: "no one can put the word of God in prison" or "no one can stop the word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for those who are chosen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the people whom God has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus + +Paul speaks of salvation as if it were an object that could be physically grasped. AT: "will receive salvation from Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with eternal glory + +"and that they will be forever with him in the glorious place where he is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/11.md b/2ti/02/11.md index f423ec0b8e..1664685428 100644 --- a/2ti/02/11.md +++ b/2ti/02/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# This is a trustworthy saying -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +"These are words you can trust" -## translationNotes +# If we have died with him ... he cannot deny himself -* **this saying** - "these words" -* **died** - Here this means someone dying to himself. In other words, refusing to give into his own desires. -* **if we are unfaithful** - "even if we fail God" or "even if we do not do what we believe God wants us to do" -* **he cannot deny himself** - "he must always do act according to his character" or “he cannot act in ways that are opposite of his real character” +This is most likely a song or poem that Paul is quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry you could use it here. If not, you could translate this as regular prose rather than poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) + +# died with him + +Paul uses this expression to mean that people share in Christ's death when they trust in him, deny their own wants, and obey him. + +# if we are unfaithful + +"even if we fail God" or "even if we do not do what we believe God wants us to do" + +# he cannot deny himself + +"he must always act according to his character" or "he cannot act in ways that are the opposite of his real character" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/14.md b/2ti/02/14.md index 5c9c8a63d5..c0906813df 100644 --- a/2ti/02/14.md +++ b/2ti/02/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The word "them" may refer to "the teachers" or "the people of the church" -## translationNotes +# before God -* **them** - Possible meanings: 1) "the teachers" (UDB); 2) "the people of the church" -* **before God** - "in the presence of God" or "knowing that God is watching you and them" -* **not to quarrel about words** - “not to argue over what words mean” or “not to say words that cause fights” or “not to say words meant to hurt others” -* **profits nothing** - "does no one any good" or "useless" -* **ruining** - The image is of the destruction of a building. Those who hear the quarreling stop respecting the Christian message. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **those who listen** - "those who hear." -* **present yourself approved to God** - "present yourself to God as a person that he has proven to be worthy" -* **as a workman** - "like a workman" or "like a worker" -* **handling correctly** - "correctly explaining" +Paul speaks of God's awareness of Paul as if he is in God's physical presence. This implies that God will be Timothy's witness. AT: "in God's presence" or "with God as your witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# against quarreling about words + +Possible meanings are 1) "not to argue about foolish things that people say" or 2) "not to quarrel about what words mean" + +# it is of no value + +"this does not benefit anyone" + +# to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no reason to be ashamed + +"to present yourself to God as a person who has proven to be worthy and with no cause for shame" + +# a worker + +Paul presents the idea of Timothy correctly explaining God's word as if he were a skilled workman. AT: "like a workman" or "like a worker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# accurately teaches the word of truth + +Here "word" means a message. AT: "explaining the true message correctly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/16.md b/2ti/02/16.md index 02f0ceada6..24545bdf30 100644 --- a/2ti/02/16.md +++ b/2ti/02/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# which leads to more and more godlessness -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +Paul speaks of this kind of talk as if it were something that could physically move to another location, and he speaks of godlessness as if it were that new location. AT: "which causes people to become more and more ungodly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Their talk will spread like cancer -* **Their word will spread like gangrene** - "What they say will spread like an infectious disease." Just as gangrene quickly spreads in a person's body and destroys it, what those people were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. AT: "Their word will spread quickly and cause destruction like gangrene" or "People will quickly hear what they say and be harmed by it." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **gangrene** - dead, rotting flesh. The only way to keep gangrene from spreading and killing the ill person is to cut off the affected area. -* **wandered from the truth** - This can mean 1) "have made errors about the truth" or "are in error about the truth," like an arrow missing its target, or 2) "have stopped believing in the truth." -* **the resurrection has already happened** - "God has already raised dead believers to eternal life" -* **upsetting the faith of some** - "making some believers doubt" or "convincing some believers to stop believing" +Cancer quickly spreads in a person's body and destroys it. This is a metaphor that means what those people were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. AT: "What they say will spread like an infectious disease" or "Their talk will spread quickly and cause destruction like cancer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Hymenaeus and Philetus + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who have gone astray from the truth + +Paul speaks of truth as if it were a target to aim at. Paul means that these men have not understood the truth and are teaching something false. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the resurrection has already happened + +"God has already raised dead believers to eternal life" + +# they destroy the faith of some + +"they cause some people to stop believing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/19.md b/2ti/02/19.md index 43ee56bce0..ab8676a56e 100644 --- a/2ti/02/19.md +++ b/2ti/02/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Just as precious and common containers can be used for honorable ways in a wealthy house, any person who turns to God can be used by God in honorable ways in doing good works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the firm foundation of God stands -* **who names the name of the Lord** - "who says he is a believer in Christ" -* **foundation of God** - Possible meanings: 1) "the church God has built from the beginning"; 2) "the truth about God" (UDB); 3) "God's faithfulness." -* **depart from unrighteousness** - Possible meanings: 1) "stop being evil"; 2) "stop doing wrong things" -* **vessels** - This is a general word for things like bowls, plates, and pots that people put things into or on. If your language does not have a general word, use the word for //bowl// or //pot//. It is a metaphor for people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **honorable … dishonorable** - Possible meanings: 1) "special occasions … ordinary times" (UDB); 2) "the kinds of activities good people do in public … the kinds of activities good people do in private" -* **cleans himself from dishonorable use** - Possible meanings: 1) "separates himself from dishonorable people"; 2) "makes himself pure" -* **honorable vessel** - "useful for special occasions" or "useful for activities good people do in public" +Possible meanings are 1) "God's truth is like a firm foundation" or 2) "God has established his people like a building on a firm foundation" or 3) "God's faithfulness is like a firm foundation." In any case, Paul speaks of this idea as if it were a building's foundation laid in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who names the name of the Lord + +"who calls on the name of the Lord." Here "name of the Lord" refers to the Lord himself. AT: "who calls on the Lord" or "who says he is a believer in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# depart from unrighteousness + +Paul speaks of unrighteousness as if it were a place from which one could leave. AT: "stop being evil" or "stop doing wrong things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# containers of gold and silver ... containers of wood and clay + +Here "containers" is a general word for bowls, plates, and pots, which people put food or drink into or on. If your language does not have a general word, use the word for "bowls" or "pots." Paul is using this as a metaphor to describe different types of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# honorable use ... dishonorable + +Possible meanings are 1) "special occasions ... ordinary times" or 2) "the kinds of activities people do in public ... the kinds of activities people do in private." + +# cleans himself from dishonorable use + +Possible meanings are 1) "separates himself from dishonorable people" or 2) "makes himself pure." In any case, Paul speaks of this process as if it were a person washing himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is an honorable container + +Paul speaks about this person as if he were an honorable container. AT: "he is like the container that is useful for special occasions" or "he is like the container that is useful for activities good people do in public" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He is set apart, useful to the Master, and prepared for every good work + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Master sets him apart, and he is ready for the Master to use him for every good work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He is set apart + +He is not set apart physically or in the sense of location, but instead to fulfill a purpose. Some versions translate this "sanctified," but the text signals the essential idea of being set apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/22.md b/2ti/02/22.md index fb2f0dea45..8cc9a0f8a7 100644 --- a/2ti/02/22.md +++ b/2ti/02/22.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Flee youthful lusts -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Paul speaks about youthful lusts as if they are a dangerous person or animal that Timothy should run away from. AT: "Completely avoid youthful lusts" or "Absolutely refuse to do the wrong things that young people strongly desire to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Pursue righteousness -* **Flee … pursue** - These metaphors share the idea of running as fast as you can. To flee is to run from something that will harm you; to pursue is to run toward something that will do you good. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]].) -* **Flee youthful lusts** - “run away from lusts that tempt younger people” the way a person flees an attacking animal or murderer. If your language cannot make lusts a noun, AT: “absolutely refuse to do the things that young men strongly desire to do” or “do everything you can to stay away from doing ….” -* **pursue righteousness, faith, love, peace** - “chase after righteousness, faith, love, peace.” If your language cannot make righteousness, faith, love, peace nouns, AT: “do everything you can to do what is right, ….” -* **faith** - Possible meanings: 1) see [[en:obe:kt:faith]]; 2) see [[en:obe:kt:faithful]]. -* **with** - Possible meanings: 1) "in the company of," meaning "join with other Christians in pursuing righteousness, …"; 2) "as you relate with," meaning "do everything you can to … be at peace with other Christians." -* **them who call on the Lord** - "Christians" or "those who call themselves the Lord's people" -* **out of a pure heart** - "with sincere motives" or "for reasons that are good" -* **refuse foolish and ignorant questions** - "refuse to answer foolish questions and ignorant questions" -* **foolish … questions** - "questions asked by people with no respect for God" -* **ignorant questions** - "questions asked by people who do not want to know the truth" +Here "Pursue" means the opposite of "Flee." Paul speaks of righteousness as if it is an object that Timothy should run towards because it will do him good. AT: "Try your best to obtain righteousness" or "Seek after righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with those + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul wants Timothy to join with other believers in pursuing righteousness, faith, love, and peace, or 2) Paul wants Timothy to be at peace and not argue with other believers. + +# those who call on the Lord + +Here "call on the Lord" is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. AT: "those who worship the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# out of a clean heart + +Paul speaks of someone's reason for calling on God as if it were in physical motion, emerging from his heart. AT: "with sincere motives" or "for good reasons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a clean heart + +Paul speaks of good reasons for doing something as if they came from a heart that was physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# refuse foolish and ignorant questions + +"refuse to answer foolish and ignorant questions." Paul means that the people who ask such questions are foolish and ignorant. AT: "refuse to answer the questions that foolish people who do not want to know the truth ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they give birth to arguments + +Paul speaks of ignorant questions as if they were women giving birth to children. AT: "they cause arguments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/24.md b/2ti/02/24.md index 4de9c91e35..49aba94fc8 100644 --- a/2ti/02/24.md +++ b/2ti/02/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# in meekness -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"meekly" or "gently" -## translationNotes +# educate those -* **in meekness** - "meekly" or "gently" -* **educating** - "instructing" or "teaching" or "correcting" -* **give them repentance** - "help them to turn from their sin" -* **for the knowledge of the truth** - "so that they will know the truth" -* **they may regain their senses** - "they may no longer think wrong thoughts" or "they may start listening to God again" -* **the trap of the devil** - is a metaphor for people who think they are following God when they are really following the devil. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **having been captured by him for his will** - "the devil has captured them and now makes them do whatever he wants them to do" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"teach those" or "correct those" + +# God may perhaps give them repentance + +Paul speaks of repentance as if it were an object that God could give people. AT: "God may give them the opportunity to repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the knowledge of the truth + +"so that they will know the truth" + +# They may become sober again + +Paul speaks of sinners learning to think correctly about God as if they were drunk people becoming sober again. AT: "They may think correctly again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# leave the devil's trap + +Paul speaks of the devil's ability to convince Christians to sin as if it were a trap. AT: "stop doing what the devil wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# after they have been captured by him for his will + +Convincing Christians to sin is spoken of as if the devil had physically captured them and made them his slaves. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after he has deceived them into obeying his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/intro.md b/2ti/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c3942536be --- /dev/null +++ b/2ti/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Timothy 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The ULB has chosen to indent the lines of 2:11-13 to set it apart from the rest of the text as the "trustworthy saying." It is not necessary for translators to do this in their own versions, but they may find it helpful to do so. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### We will reign with him ##### +The faithful Christians are said to reign with Christ in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Analogies ##### +Paul draws on several analogies in this chapter to present his teaching about living as a Christian. First he uses the analogy of a soldier, then an athlete, and then that of a farmer. A little further on in the chapter, he also uses the analogy of different kinds of containers in a house, some for ordinary, everyday use, and others reserved for use on special occasions. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Timothy 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/01.md b/2ti/03/01.md index 49ee61cfb5..156973f2de 100644 --- a/2ti/03/01.md +++ b/2ti/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:haughty]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:selfcontrol]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] +Paul lets Timothy know that in the future people will stop believing the truth, but he should continuing trusting God's word even when he is persecuted. -## translationNotes +# In the last days -* **dangerous times** - These will be days, months, or even years when Christians will be in danger from the people Paul describes in verses 2-4. -* **without natural affection** - "not loving their own families" -* **implacable** - " not agreeing with anyone" or "not living in peace with anyone" -* **slanderers** - "false accusers" -* **violent** - "fierce" or "savage" or “they will often do things to hurt other people” -* **not lovers of good** - "haters of good" -* **headstrong** - "reckless" -* **conceited** - "they will think that they are better people than they are" +Possible meanings are 1) this is a time later than Paul's time. AT: "in the future just before Jesus returns" or 2) this refers to the Christian age, including Paul's time. AT: "during this period of time before the end" + +# difficult times + +These will be days, months, or even years when Christians will endure suffering and danger. + +# lovers of themselves + +Here "lovers" refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member, a natural human love between friends or relatives. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. AT: "self-centered" + +# boastful + +talking about oneself in a proud way + +# without natural affection + +"not loving their own families" + +# unable to reconcile + +"not agreeing with anyone" or "not living in peace with anyone" + +# slanderers + +"false accusers" + +# not lovers of good + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "haters of good" + +# reckless + +"impulsive" or "foolhardy." This describes people who do things without thinking about the consequences or even though they know that bad things could happen as a result. + +# conceited + +"the type of people who think they are better than others" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/05.md b/2ti/03/05.md index 7c87c29393..2d350a6152 100644 --- a/2ti/03/05.md +++ b/2ti/03/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They will have a shape of godliness, but they will deny its power -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul speaks of godliness, the habit of honoring God, as if it were a physical object that had a shape and had physical power. AT: "They will appear to honor God, but they way they act will show that they do not really believe in God's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# have a shape of godliness -* **have a form of godliness** - "appear religious" or "appear righteous" or "appear good" -* **they will deny the power of it** - Possible meanings are 1) "they will refuse to accept the power that God truly wants to give them" (UDB) or 2) “their lives will show no evidence of the godliness they say they have.” -* **Turn away from** - "Avoid" -* **who enter into** - "who sneak into" -* **households** - Possible meanings are 1) "families" or "the family living in the house" or 2) physical "houses" (UDB). -* **captivate** - "have power to influence" -* **foolish women** - "women who are spiritually weak." This can be because they fail to work at becoming godly or because they are idle or because they "are overwhelmed with sins." -* **who are overwhelmed with sins** - Possible meanings are 1) "who are overcome by an abundance of sins" or 2) "who sin often." The idea is that they are unable to keep from sinning. -* **who … are led away by various desires** - AT: "These women desire many other things so much that they stop obeying Christ" or "These women stop obeying Christ and instead go after the many other things they desire." -* **knowledge ** - This word means what you know about a person when you watch them carefully for a long time. +"appear to have godliness" or "appear to honor God" + +# Turn away from these people + +Paul may be speaking of physically turning away from these people, but he wants his readers to do whatever they can to avoid them in general. AT: "Avoid these people" + +# enter into households and captivate + +"enter into houses and greatly influence" + +# foolish women + +"women who are spiritually weak." These women may be spiritually be weak because they fail to work at becoming godly or because they are idle and have many sins. + +# who are heaped up with sins + +Paul speaks of the attraction of sin as if sin were heaped up on the backs of these women. Possible meanings are 1) "who sin often" or 2) "who feel terrible guilt because they continue to sin." The idea is that these men can easily influence these women because the women are unable to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are led away by various desires + +Paul speaks about these various desires as if they could lead another person away. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they desire to sin in various ways rather than obey Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/08.md b/2ti/03/08.md index 516e918f49..a8ec8b36dd 100644 --- a/2ti/03/08.md +++ b/2ti/03/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul gives an example of two false teachers from the time of Moses and applies it to the way people will be. Paul encourages Timothy to follow his own example and stay in God's word. -## translationNotes +# Jannes and Jambres -* **Jannes and Jambres** - These two names are found only here in the Bible. One tradition names them as the Egyptian magicians who opposed Moses in Exodus 7-8. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]].) -* **stood against** - "opposed" -* **so** - "in the same way" -* **the truth** - "the gospel of Jesus" -* **They are corrupted in mind** - "They are no longer able to think rightly" -* **unauthenticated concerning the faith** - Someone has shown that what the false teachers teach about believing in Jesus is false, so the teachers "have no value" or "are worthless" or "are disqualified." -* **advance** - “go forward”​ -* **foolishness** - “lack of understanding" or "folly”​ -* **obvious** - “easily seen” or “easily recognized” +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# stood against + +Paul speaks of those who argue against someone as if they were standing against them. AT: "opposed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stand against the truth + +"oppose the gospel of Jesus" + +# They are men corrupt in mind + +"Their minds are corrupt" or "They cannot think rightly" + +# and with regard to the faith they are proven to be false + +They have been tested in how well they trust in Christ and obey him, and they have failed the test. AT: "and without sincere faith" or "and they have shown that their faith is not genuine" + +# they will not advance very far + +Paul uses an expression about physical movement to mean that the false teachers will not have much success among the believers. AT: "they will not have much success" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# foolishness + +"lack of understanding" or "folly" + +# obvious + +"easily known" + +# of those men + +"of Jannes and Jambres" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/10.md b/2ti/03/10.md index 0da8252d0e..c0bf326312 100644 --- a/2ti/03/10.md +++ b/2ti/03/10.md @@ -1,26 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# you have followed my teaching -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:iconium]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:lystra]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Paul speaks of giving close attention to these things as if one were physically following them as they moved. AT: "you have observed my teaching" or "you have payed close attention to my teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# teaching -* **But you have followed** - "but you carefully watched" -* **teaching** - “instruction” -* **conduct** - “way of life” -* **purpose** - “resolve” or “determination” -* **longsuffering** - “patience with people” -* **patience** - "I keep on serving God even when it is very hard to do so" (UDB) or “I keep the right attitude in difficult circumstances” -* **rescued** - “saved" -* **want** - “desire” -* **impostors** - “people who deceive others about themselves” or “people who pretend to be different than they really are” +"instruction" + +# conduct + +"way of life" + +# longsuffering + +"patience with people" + +# patience + +"endurance in difficult situations" + +# Out of them all, the Lord rescued me + +Paul speaks of God having stopped him from suffering these hardships and dangers as if God had carried him out of a physical location. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to live in a godly manner in Christ Jesus + +"to live godly lives as followers of Jesus" + +# will be persecuted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will certainly have to endure persecution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# impostors + +"deceivers" or "people who pretend to be different than they really are" + +# will go from bad to worse + +"will become even more evil" + +# leading others and themselves astray + +Here going "astray" represents being deceived. AT: "deceiving themselves and others" or "believing lies and teaching lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/14.md b/2ti/03/14.md index 1c73775937..cb8f4eb848 100644 --- a/2ti/03/14.md +++ b/2ti/03/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# remain in the things that you have learned -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Paul speaks of biblical instruction as if it were a place that Timothy could stay in. AT: "do not forget what you learned" or "continue doing what you have learned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the sacred writings. These are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus -* **continue in what you have learned** - Possible meanings are 1) "keep on doing the things that you have learned to do" (UDB) or 2) "do not forget what you learned." In both cases, the idea is to remain unmoved. -* **which are able to make you wise** - “they give you the wisdom you need" -* **to salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus** - “so that God will use your faith in Christ Jesus to save you.” -* **salvation** - Possible meanings are 1) "God will give you eternal life" or 2) "God will save you from foolishness in this life." +Paul speaks of the sacred writings as if they were a person who could make someone else wise. AT: "that when you read the word of God, you can become wise so as to receive salvation from Christ Jesus by faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/16.md b/2ti/03/16.md index 8d2d098444..f3e34084ba 100644 --- a/2ti/03/16.md +++ b/2ti/03/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# All scripture has been inspired by God -* [[en:tw:doctrine]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Some Bibles translate this as "All scripture is God-breathed." This means God produced the scripture through his Spirit by telling people what to write. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has spoken all scripture by his Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# It is profitable -* **All Scripture has been inspired by God** - “God has spoken all the Scriptures by his Spirit, and it is profitable” (see UDB) or “all Scripture is God-breathed," produced by the Spirit of God. God told people what to write. -* **profitable** - “useful,” “beneficial” -* **conviction** - “pointing out error” -* **correction** - “fixing errors” -* **training** - “discipling” or “bringing up” -* **competent** - "complete" +"It is useful" or "It is beneficial" + +# for conviction + +"for pointing out errors" + +# for correction + +"for fixing errors" + +# for training in righteousness + +"for training people to be righteous" + +# the man of God + +This means any believer in God whether male or female. AT: "all believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# may be competent, equipped + +"may be completely prepared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/intro.md b/2ti/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c6d21844b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ti/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 2 Timothy 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The passage in [2 Timothy 3:1-9](./01.md) describes a prophecy concerning the last days. Verse [2 Timothy 3:13](./10.md) should also be included in this prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Timothy 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/01.md b/2ti/04/01.md index d3f815a01d..589f9c7cfe 100644 --- a/2ti/04/01.md +++ b/2ti/04/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Paul continues to remind Timothy to be faithful and that he, Paul, is ready to die. -## translationNotes +# this solemn command before God and Christ Jesus -* **In the sight of God and of Christ Jesus** - "Where God and Christ Jesus can see us" or "In the presence of God and of Christ Jesus" or "Where God and Christ Jesus can be witnesses and can judge" -* **who is about to judge ** - "who will come soon to judge" -* **solemnly** - "strongly" or "seriously" or "meaning every word" -* **when it is not** - "those times when it is not convenient" -* **Reprove** - “Show to be guilty” or "Tell them what they have done wrong" -* **rebuke** - “seriously warn” -* **patience** - “endurance” -* **with all patience and teaching** - Possible meanings are 1) this is how Timothy should exhort people or 2) this is how Timothy should do everything in verse 2 or 3) this is how Timothy should do everything in the final sentence -* **with all patience** - "with great patience" or "by being very patient" +"this solemn command in the presence of God and Christ Jesus." It is implied that God and Jesus will be Paul's witnesses. AT: "this solemn command having as my witnesses God and Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# solemn command + +"serious command" + +# the living and the dead + +Here "the living" and "the dead" are used together to mean all people. AT: "all people who have ever lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the dead, and because of his appearing and his kingdom + +Here "kingdom" stands for Christ's rule as king. AT: "the dead when he returns to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Word + +"the message about Christ" + +# when it is not + +Here the word "convenient" is understood. AT: "when it is not convenient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Reprove + +"Tell people when they are guilty" or "Tell people what they have done wrong" + +# exhort, with all patience and teaching + +"exhort, and teach the people, and always be patient with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/03.md b/2ti/04/03.md index cebcec97c9..7b3cbe5c6e 100644 --- a/2ti/04/03.md +++ b/2ti/04/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# For the time will come when -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"Because at some time in the future" -## translationNotes +# people -* **For the time will come when** - "Because at some time in the future" -* **people** - The context indicates that these are people in the church (see UDB). -* **the sound teaching** - the teaching that the whole church considered true and correct -* **surround themselves with teachers who teach what agrees with their own lusts. In this way they will have their ears tickled.** - Possible meanings are 1) "because of their personal desires, they will gather teachers who will say what they want to hear" or 2) "they will gather teachers that agree with their personal desires so that those teachers who will say what they want to hear" or 3) "follow their desires; they will gather teachers who will say what they want to hear." -* **their own lusts** - "their personal desires" -* **they will have their ears tickled** - "they will find teachers to tickle their ears." "Tickle their ears" is a metaphor for telling them things that they will enjoy hearing, things that will make them feel happy. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the work of an evangelist** - telling people about who Jesus is, what he did for them, and how they are to live for him +The context indicates that these will be people who are a part of the community of believers. + +# will not endure sound teaching + +"will no longer want to listen to sound teaching" + +# sound teaching + +This means the teaching that is true and correct, according to God's word. + +# they will heap up for themselves teachers according to their own desires + +Paul speaks of people obtaining many teachers as if it were putting them into a heap or pile. AT: "they will listen to many teachers who assure them that there is nothing wrong with their sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who say what their itching ears want to hear + +Paul speaks of people strongly wanting to hear something as if their ears itched and could only be satisfied if teachers taught them what they wanted to hear. AT: "who say only what they want so much to hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They will turn their hearing away from the truth + +Paul speaks about people no longer paying attention as if they were physically turning away so they cannot hear. AT: "They will no longer pay attention to the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will turn aside to myths + +Paul speaks of people who begin paying attention to myths as if they were physically turning toward them. AT: "they will pay attention to teachings that are not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be sober-minded + +Paul wants his readers to think correctly about everything, and he speaks about them as if he wanted them to be sober, that is, not drunk with wine. AT: "think clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the work of an evangelist + +This means to tell people about who Jesus is, what he did for them, and how they are to live for him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/06.md b/2ti/04/06.md index ae2b44326e..3148dfbfcc 100644 --- a/2ti/04/06.md +++ b/2ti/04/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# I am already being poured out -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Paul speaks of his readiness to die as if he were a cup of wine ready to be poured out as a sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The time of my departure has come -* **For ** - This tells why Paul gives the command in verse 5. AT: "because" or "since." -* **The time of my departure has come** - "soon I will die and leave this world" (UDB). Paul realizes that he will not live much longer. -* **I have competed in the good contest** - This is a sports metaphor of fighting, wrestling, or boxing. Paul has done his best. This can also be translated as "I have done my best" or "I gave my best." -* **I have finished the race ** - This metaphor pictures finishing life as reaching the finish line of a footrace. AT: "I have completed what I need to do." -* **I have kept the faith** - Possible meanings are 1) "I have kept the teachings about what we believe from any error" or 2) "I have been faithful in doing my ministry" (see UDB). -* **The crown of righteousness has been reserved for me** - AT: "the crown of righteousness will be given to me." -* **crown of righteousness** - Possible meanings are 1) the crown is the prize that God gives to people who have lived the right way (see UDB) or 2) the crown is a metaphor (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) for righteousness; just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. -* **crown** - a wreath made of laurel leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests -* **on that day** - "on the day when the Lord comes again" or "on the day when God judges people" +Here "departure" is a polite way of referring to death. AT: "Soon I will die and leave this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I have competed in the good contest + +Paul speaks of his hard work as if he had been an athlete competing for a prize. AT: "I have done my best" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have finished the race + +Paul speaks of his life of service to God as if he had been running a race on foot. AT: "I have completed what I needed to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have kept the faith + +Paul speaks of his trust in Christ and his obedience to God as if they were a valuable object that he kept in his possession. Possible meanings are 1) "I have been faithful in doing my ministry" or 2) "I have kept the teachings about what we believe from any error" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The crown of righteousness has been reserved for me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has reserved the crown of righteousness for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# crown of righteousness + +Possible meanings are 1) the crown is the prize that God gives to people who have lived the right way or 2) the crown is a metaphor for righteousness. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crown + +a wreath made of laurel tree leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests + +# on that day + +"on the day when the Lord comes again" or "on the day when God judges people" + +# but also to all those who have loved his appearing + +Paul speaks about this event as if it has already happened. It can be stated as a future event. AT: "but also he will give it to those who are eagerly waiting for him to return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/09.md b/2ti/04/09.md index a776f76b09..d6fb6738a7 100644 --- a/2ti/04/09.md +++ b/2ti/04/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:galatia]] -* [[en:tw:thessalonica]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] +Paul talks of specific people and how they behaved, of God's work for and to him, and then closes with greetings to and from certain people. -## translationNotes +# quickly -* **quickly ** - AT: "as soon as possible." -* **for** - because -* **He loves ** - "because Demas loves" -* **this present world ** - Possible meanings are 1) the temporary things of this world, "the pleasures and comfort of this world," or 2) this present life and safety from dying (Demas may have been afraid that people would kill him if he stayed with Paul.) -* **so has gone** - "so Demas has gone" -* **Crescens went … and Titus went …** - These two men had left Paul, but Paul is not saying that they also "love this present world" like Demas. +"as soon as possible" + +# Demas ... Crescens ... Titus + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# this present world + +Here "world" refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Possible meanings are 1) he loves the temporary comforts of this world or 2) he is afraid he will die if he remains with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Crescens went ... and Titus went + +These two men had left Paul, but Paul is not saying that they also "love this present world" like Demas. + +# Dalmatia + +This is the name of a land region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/11.md b/2ti/04/11.md index 4e3f7409a8..41ddb02622 100644 --- a/2ti/04/11.md +++ b/2ti/04/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he is useful to me in the work -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnmark]] -* [[en:tw:luke]] -* [[en:tw:troas]] -* [[en:tw:tychicus]] +Possible meanings are 1) "he can help me in the ministry" or 2) "he can help me by serving me." -## translationNotes +# cloak -* **he is useful to me in the work ** - Possible meanings are 1) "he can help me in the ministry" or 2) "he can help me by serving me" -* **it** - Refers to the cloak Paul had left at Troas +a heavy garment worn over clothes + +# Carpus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the books + +This refers to scrolls. A scroll was a type of book made of one long sheet of papyrus or leather. After writing on a scroll or reading it, people rolled it up using rods on the ends + +# especially the parchments + +This may refer to a specific type of scroll. AT: "especially those made from animal skins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/14.md b/2ti/04/14.md index 32e9013d24..2aa342463e 100644 --- a/2ti/04/14.md +++ b/2ti/04/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Alexander the coppersmith displayed -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Alexander, who works with metal, displayed" -## translationNotes +# Alexander -* **displayed much ill-will toward me ** - will toward me **- "did evil things against me" or "did harmful things to me" -* **You also should watch him ** - "Beware of him yourself too" or "Be very careful of him yourself" or "You must protect yourself from him" -* **him … his … him … he** - All refer to Alexander. -* **he greatly stood against our words** - "he acted with great effort to oppose our message" or "he strongly contradicted our words" -* **no one stood with me, but everyone left me** - "no one stayed with me and helped me. Instead, everyone left me" -* **May it not be counted against them** - "I do not want God to punish those believers for leaving me" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# displayed many evil deeds against me + +Paul speaks of doing evil deeds as if they were put on display. AT: "did many evil things to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The Lord will repay him according to his deeds + +Paul speaks of punishment as if it were payment. AT: "The Lord will punish him for what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# him ... his ... him ... he + +These all refer to Alexander. + +# opposed our words + +Here "words" refers to a message or teaching. AT: "opposed the message that we teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# At my first defense + +"When I first appeared in court and explained my actions" + +# no one stood with me + +"no one stayed with me and helped me" + +# May it not be counted against them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God not count it against them" or "I pray that God does not punish those believers for leaving me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/17.md b/2ti/04/17.md index a8e0f09060..71e774ad41 100644 --- a/2ti/04/17.md +++ b/2ti/04/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the Lord stood by me -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +Paul is speaking as if the Lord had physically stood with him. AT: "the Lord helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# so that, through me, the message might be fully proclaimed -* **stood by me** - "stood by me to help me" -* **the proclamation might be fully accomplished, and that all the Gentiles might hear** - Possible meanings are 1) this had already happened (see UDB) or 2) this was still future to Paul, "so that I will be able to speak his word fully and so that all the Gentiles will hear it." -* **I was rescued out of the lion's mouth** - This danger could have been physical, spiritual or both. AT: "I was rescued from great danger." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that I was able to speak all of the Lord's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I was rescued out of the lion's mouth + +Paul is speaking about danger as if he had been threatened by a lion. This danger could have been physical, spiritual, or both. AT: "I was rescued from great danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/19.md b/2ti/04/19.md index dc69b71bd3..6d43942414 100644 --- a/2ti/04/19.md +++ b/2ti/04/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# house of Onesiphorus -* [[en:tw:aquila]] -* [[en:tw:corinth]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:priscilla]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Here "house" stands for the people who live there. AT: "family of Onesiphorus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Onesiphorus -* **Greet ** - "Say hello to ... for me" or "Tell ... that I am thinking of them" -* **house of Onesiphorus** - "family of Onesiphorus" -* **Do your best to come** - AT: "Make a way to come." -* **also Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers ** - "Pudens, Linus, Claudia and all the brothers also greet you" -* **all the brothers** - "all the believers here," male and female -* **May the Lord be with your spirit** - "I am asking God to make your spirit strong" -* **May grace be with you ** - "I am asking the Lord to show his kindness to all of you there" or "I am asking the Lord to show favor to all of you there" +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [2 Timothy 1:16](../01/15.md). + +# Erastus ... Trophimus ... Eubulus ... Pudens, Linus + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Miletus + +This is the name of a city to the south of Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Do your best to come + +"Make a way to come" + +# before winter + +"before the cold season" + +# greets you, also Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "greets you. Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers also greet you" + +# Claudia + +This is a female name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the brothers + +Here "brothers" means all believers whether male or female. AT: "all the believers here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# May the Lord be with your spirit + +"I pray that the Lord makes your spirit strong." Here "you" is singular and refers to Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# May grace be with you + +"I pray that the Lord shows his grace to all of you there." Here "you" is plural and refers to all the believers there with Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# grace + +"his kindness" or "his favor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/intro.md b/2ti/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8257d000d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ti/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Timothy 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "I solemnly command you" ##### +Paul begins to give personal instructions to Timothy. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Crown ##### +In Scripture, there are several different types of crowns used as images for different things. It appears the crown in this chapter is achieved or awarded at the end of a person's life. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Timothy 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/front/intro.md b/2ti/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7f155e1cd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ti/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Timothy # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 2 Timothy #### + +1. Paul greets Timothy and encourages him to endure hardship as he serves God (1:1-2:13). +1. Paul gives general instructions to Timothy (2:14–26). +1. Paul warns Timothy about future events and instructs him about how to carry out his service to God (3:1-4:8). +1. Paul makes personal remarks (4:9-24). + +#### What is the Book of 2 Timothy about? #### + +Paul, an older servant of God, gives his younger colleague, Timothy, various instructions in this letter. The topics he addresses include warnings about false teachers and about difficulties ahead. During the time that 2 Timothy was written, Paul was probably in jail, so he wished to encourage Timothy to endure hardship. This letter also shows how Paul was training Timothy to be a leader among the churches. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 Timothy" or "Second Timothy." They may instead prefer to choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Second Letter to Timothy" or "The Second Letter to Timothy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the soldier imagery in 2 Timothy? #### +As Paul awaits his imminent death, he often speaks of himself as a soldier of Jesus Christ. Soldiers are answerable to their leader, so in the same way, Christians are ultimately responsible for answering to Jesus. As "soldiers" of Christ, believers are to obey his commands, even if they should die as a result. + +#### What does it mean that God inspired Scripture? #### + +The teaching of this book helps the reader to understand that while each writer of Scripture has a distinct way of writing, God is the true author of Scripture. This is why it is also referred to as God's word. This doctrine has various implications. One implication is that the Bible is trustworthy and free from error. Another implication is that we can rely on God to preserve his word in this world, no matter how many of his enemies try to stamp it out. A third implication is that God's word should be translated into all the world's languages. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Singular and plural "you" #### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Here the word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Timothy. The exception to this is 4:22. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 2 Timothy? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Romans: + +* "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher" (1:11). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. There are some older versions, however, that read, "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles." +* "Warn them before God" (2:14). The ULB, UDB, and many modern versions have this reading. There are some versions that read, "Warn them before the Lord." Translators should consider using the same reading as in the other versions in their region. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/01/01.md b/3jn/01/01.md index 0ce885e180..21af48d4c9 100644 --- a/3jn/01/01.md +++ b/3jn/01/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This is a personal letter from John to Gaius. All instances of "you" and "your" refer to Gaius and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# The elder -* **The elder** - This refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as "elder" either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church. The name of the author can be made explicit: "I, John the elder, am writing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Gaius** - This is a fellow believer to whom John is writing this letter. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **whom I love in truth** - Alternate translation: “whom I truly love" (UDB) -* **you may prosper in all things and be in health** - "you may do well in all things and be healthy" -* **just as your soul prospers** - "just as you are doing well spiritually" -* **brothers** - "fellow believers" -* **bore witness to your truth, just as you walk in truth** - "told me that you are living according to God's truth" or " -* **my children** - John compares those he taught to believe in Jesus to children. This emphasizes his love and concern for them. Alternate translation: "my spiritual children." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as "elder" either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church. The name of the author can be made explicit: "I, John the elder, am writing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Gaius + +This is a fellow believer to whom John is writing this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# whom I love in truth + +"whom I truly love" + +# you may prosper in all things and be in health + +"you may do well in all things and be healthy" + +# just as your soul prospers + +"just as you are doing well spiritually" + +# brothers + +"fellow believers" + +# you walk in truth + +Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. AT: "you are living your life according to God's truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my children + +John speaks of those he taught to believe in Jesus as though they were his children. This emphasizes his love and concern for them. It could also be that he himself led them to the Lord. AT: "my spiritual children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/01/05.md b/3jn/01/05.md index 1b8cd53ef8..4f720bddd2 100644 --- a/3jn/01/05.md +++ b/3jn/01/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +John's purpose in writing this letter is to compliment Gaius in the way he took care of traveling Bible teachers; then he talks about two people, one evil and one good. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **you practice faithfulness** - "you are doing what is faithful to God" or "you are being loyal to God" -* **work for the brothers and for strangers** - "help fellow believers and those you do not know" -* **who have borne witness of your love before the church** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "They have told the believers in the church about how you have loved them." -* **You will do well to send them forward on their journey worthy of God** - "Please, send them on their journey in a way that honors God" -* **because for the sake of the Name they went out** - Here "name" refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: "for they have gone out to tell people about Jesus." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **taking nothing from the Gentiles** - Here "Gentile" does not mean a person who is not a Jew. It means a person who does not believe in Jesus. Alternate translation: "and they take nothing from those they are telling about Jesus" -* **We therefore** - Here "we" refers to John and includes all believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **we may be fellow workers for the truth** - "we may help them in their work to tell people God's truth" +Here the word "we" refers to John and those with him, and possibly includes all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Beloved + +Here this is used as a term of endearment for fellow believers. + +# you practice faithfulness + +"you are doing what is faithful to God" or "you are being loyal to God" + +# work for the brothers and for strangers + +"help fellow believers and those you do not know" + +# strangers who have borne witness of your love in the presence of the church + +"strangers who have told the believers in the church about how you have loved them" + +# You do well to send them + +John is thanking Gaius for his normal practice of helping these believers. + +# because it was for the sake of the name that they went out + +Here "the name" refers to Jesus. AT: "for they have gone out to tell people about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# taking nothing + +receiving no gifts or help + +# the Gentiles + +Here "Gentiles" does not just mean people who are not Jewish. It implies people who do not trust in Jesus. + +# so that we will be fellow workers for the truth + +"so that we will cooperate with them in announcing God's truth to people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/01/09.md b/3jn/01/09.md index ce00180cac..658807530f 100644 --- a/3jn/01/09.md +++ b/3jn/01/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The word "us" refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# congregation -* **congregation** - This refers to Gaius and the group of believers who met together to worship God. -* **Diotrephes** - He was a member of the congregation. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **who loves to be first among them** - "who loves to act like their leader" -* **does not receive us** - The word "us" refers to John and those with him. It does not include Gaius. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **how he says ridiculous things against us with evil words** - "and how he says evil things about us that certainly are not true" -* **he himself** - The word "himself" emphasizes that it is Diotrephes who does these things. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **does not receive the brothers** - "does not welcome the fellow believers" -* **and forbids those who desire to** - There are some words in this phrase that are left out, but they are understood. Alternate translation: "and he stops those who want to welcome the believers." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **and drives them out** - "and he forces them out." The word "them" refers to those who want to welcome the fellow believers. +This refers to Gaius and the group of believers who met together to worship God. + +# Diotrephes + +He was a member of the congregation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who loves to be first among them + +"who loves to be the most important one among them" or "who loves to act as though he's their leader" + +# how he says ridiculous things against us with evil words + +"and how he says evil things about us that certainly are not true" + +# he himself + +The word "himself" emphasizes that it is Diotrephes who does these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# does not receive the brothers + +"does not welcome the fellow believers" + +# forbids those who desire to do so + +"stops those who want to welcome the believers" + +# drives them out of the congregation + +"he forces them to leave the congregation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/01/11.md b/3jn/01/11.md index 584ae8bb67..14f428bfc3 100644 --- a/3jn/01/11.md +++ b/3jn/01/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:imitate]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Here "we" refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Beloved -* **do not imitate evil** - "do not copy the evil things that people do" -* **but good** - There are words left out but they are understood. Alternate translation: "but imitate the good things that people do." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **is of God** - "belongs to God" -* **has not seen God** - Alternate translation: "does not belong to God" or "does not believe in God" -* **Demetrius is born witness to by all** - Alternate translation: "Every believer that knows Demetrius speaks well of him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Demetrius** - This is a man that John want Gaius and the congregation to welcome when he comes to visit. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and by the truth itself** - "and the truth itself speaks well of him." Here "truth" is described as a person speaking. Alternate translation: "and what they say about him is true." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]])) -* **We also bear witness** - Here "we" refers to John and those with him. It does not include Gaius. Alternate translation: "We also speak well of Demetrius." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **you know** - The word "you" is singular and refers to Gaius. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Here this is used as a term of endearment for fellow believers. See how you translated this in [3 John 1:5](./05.md). + +# do not imitate what is evil + +"do not copy the evil things that people do" + +# but what is good + +There are words left out but they are understood. AT: "but imitate the good things that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# is of God + +"belongs to God" + +# has not seen God + +"does not belong to God" or "does not believe in God" + +# Demetrius is borne witness to by all + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "All who know Demetrius bear witness of him" or "Every believer who knows Demetrius speaks well of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Demetrius + +This is probably a man whom John wants Gaius and the congregation to welcome when he comes to visit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# by the truth itself + +"the truth itself speaks well of him." Here "truth" is described as a person speaking. AT: "everyone who knows the truth knows he is a good person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# We also bear witness + +What John is confirming is implied and can be made specific here. AT: "We also speak well of Demetrius" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/01/13.md b/3jn/01/13.md index a21fb1d1dc..c675c16601 100644 --- a/3jn/01/13.md +++ b/3jn/01/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +This is the end of John's letter to Gaius. He gives some final remarks and closes with a greeting. -## translationNotes +# I do not wish to write them to you with pen and ink -* **with pen and ink** - "in a letter" (UDB) -* **face to face** - "together" or "in person" -* **Peace be to you** - "May God give you peace" -* **Greet the friends by name** - Alternate translation: "Greet each of the believers there personally for me" -* **The friends** - "Your friends." Alternate translation: "The believers here." +John does not wish to write these other things at all. He is not saying that he would write them with something other than pen and ink. + +# face to face + +"together" or "in person" + +# May peace be with you + +"May God give you peace" + +# The friends greet you + +"The friends here greet you" + +# Greet our friends there by name + +"Greet each of the believers there for me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/front/intro.md b/3jn/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1a7cafd204 --- /dev/null +++ b/3jn/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Introduction to 3 John # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 3 John #### + +1. Introduction (1:1) +1. Encouragement and Instructions to show hospitality (1:2-8) +1. Diotrephes and Demetrius (1:9-12) +1. Conclusion (1:13-14) + +#### What is the Book of 3 John about? #### + +John writes this letter to a believer named Gaius. He addresses Gaius as a friend and instructs him to be hospitable to Christian brothers who are traveling through his area. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "3 John" or "Third John." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Third Letter from John" or "The Third Letter John Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 3 John? #### + +The letter of 3 John was written by the Apostle John near the end of his life. John does not identify himself as the author, but instead calls himself "the elder" (1:1). + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is hospitality? #### + +Hospitality was an important concept in the ancient Near East. It was important to be friendly towards a foreigner or outsiders and provide help to them if they needed it. In 2 John, John discourages Christians from showing hospitality to false teachers who oppose the Christian faith. In 3 John, John encourages Christians to show hospitality to faithful teachers. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How does the author use family relationships? #### + +The author uses the terms "brother" and "Gentile" in a way that can be confusing. The Scriptures often use the term "brothers" to refer to Jews, but in this book the term is used to refer to Christians. Likewise, John calls as his "children" those whom he has trained to follow Christ. John also uses the term "Gentile" as a way to refer to those who have no faith in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/LICENSE.md b/LICENSE.md index b3b78a38ab..0c5e239341 100644 --- a/LICENSE.md +++ b/LICENSE.md @@ -24,3 +24,7 @@ The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license term You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation. No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material. + +Use of trademarks: unfoldingWord is a trademark of Distant Shores Media and may not be included on any derivative works created from this content. Unaltered content from http://unfoldingword.org must include the **unfoldingWord** logo when distributed to others. But if you alter the content in any way, you must remove the **unfoldingWord** logo before distributing your work. + +Attribution of artwork: All images used in these stories are © Sweet Publishing ([www.sweetpublishing.com](http://www.sweetpublishing.com)) and are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/01.md b/act/01/01.md index a063ebe814..cf0c790d36 100644 --- a/act/01/01.md +++ b/act/01/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The former book I wrote -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:apostle|apostle, apostleship]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod|kingdom of God, kingdom of heaven]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] +The former book is the Gospel of Luke. -## translationNotes +# Theophilus -* **The former book I wrote** - The former book is the Gospel of Luke. -* **O Theophilus** - Luke wrote this book to a man named Theophilus. The word “O” is used because Luke was addressing him. Some translations follow their own culture's way of addressing a letter and write "Dear Theophilus" at the beginning of the sentence. Theophilus means "friend of God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **until the day that he was received up** - This refers to Jesus' ascension into heaven. -* **command through the Holy Spirit** - The Holy Spirit led Jesus to instruct his apostles on certain things. -* **after his suffering** - This refers to Jesus' suffering and death on the cross. -* **appearing to many others** - Jesus appeared to many of his disciples beyond the original 12 apostles. +Luke wrote this book to a man named Theophilus. Some translations follow their own culture's way of addressing a letter and write "Dear Theophilus" at the beginning of the sentence. Theophilus means "friend of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# until the day that he was taken up + +This refers to Jesus' ascension into heaven. AT: "until the day on which God took him up to heaven" or "until the day that he ascended into heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# commands through the Holy Spirit + +The Holy Spirit led Jesus to instruct his apostles on certain things. + +# After his suffering + +This refers to Jesus' suffering and death on the cross. + +# he presented himself alive to them + +Jesus appeared to his apostles and to many other disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/04.md b/act/01/04.md index 4769aa7396..cd130cb4ee 100644 --- a/act/01/04.md +++ b/act/01/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:baptize|baptize, baptism]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather|God the Father, heavenly Father]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist|John (the Baptist)]] +This event happened during the 40 days that Jesus appeared to his followers after he had risen from the dead. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **When he…** - "he" is referring to Jesus. -* **with them…** - "them" is referring to the 11 apostles. -* **he commanded them not to leave Jerusalem** - "he ordered them to remain in Jerusalem". This can also be translated with a direct quote as in the UDB. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **promise of the Father** - This is a reference to the Holy Spirit. -* **baptized with water…baptized in the Spirit** - Jesus contrasted John's baptism with water, to God's baptism which will be with the Holy Spirit. -* **John baptized with water** - For languages that require an object with "baptize," this can be translated as "John baptized people with water" or "John baptized them with water." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_verbs]]) -* **you shall be baptized** - This can be translated with an active verb: "God will baptize you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the word "he" refers to Jesus. Except where otherwise noted, the word "you" in the book of Acts is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# When he was meeting together with them + +"When Jesus was meeting together with his apostles" + +# the promise of the Father + +This is a reference to the Holy Spirit. AT: "the Holy Spirit, whom the Father promised to send" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# about which, he said + +If you translated the previous phrase to include the words "Holy Spirit," you can change the word "which" to "whom." AT: "about whom Jesus said" + +# John indeed baptized with water ... baptized in the Holy Spirit + +Jesus contrasts how John baptized people in water with how God would baptize believers in the Holy Spirit. + +# John indeed baptized with water + +"John indeed baptized people with water" + +# you shall be baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will baptize you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/06.md b/act/01/06.md index d7f178b91e..6fe5a1f391 100644 --- a/act/01/06.md +++ b/act/01/06.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Here the word "they" refers to the apostles. -## translationNotes +# is this the time you will restore the kingdom to Israel -* **is this the time you will restore the kingdom to Israel** - "Will you now make Israel a strong nation again?" -* **times or seasons** - "times or dates" -* **you will receive power** - "You will be spiritually strengthened." -* **you will be my witnesses** - This is the result of receiving power. This can also be translated as "to be my witnesses" to show that this was the purpose of the power. -* **to the ends of the earth** - “all over the world” or “even to the far away places on the earth” +"will you now make Israel a great kingdom again" + +# the times or the seasons + +Possible meanings are 1) the words "times" and "seasons" refer to different kinds of time. AT: "the general period of time or the specific date" or 2) the two words are basically synonymous. AT: "the exact time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you will receive power ... and you will be my witnesses + +The apostles will receive power that will enable them to be witnesses for Jesus. AT: "God will empower you ... to be my witnesses" + +# to the ends of the earth + +Possible meanings are 1) "all over the world" or 2) "to the places on earth that are farthest away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/09.md b/act/01/09.md index 8739e3d7f2..d4985d0205 100644 --- a/act/01/09.md +++ b/act/01/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# as they were looking up -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:galilee|Galilee, Galilean]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] +"as they watched." The apostles "were looking up" at Jesus because Jesus rose into the sky. AT: "as they were looking up at the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# he was raised up -* **as they were looking up** - "as the apostles were looking up at the sky" -* **he vanished into a cloud out of their sight** - "He went up into the sky, and a cloud blocked their view of him and they could not see Him anymore." -* **looking intensely to heaven** - "staring at the sky" or "gazing at the sky" -* **You men of Galilee** - Specifically "you apostles." Though the angels spoke to the apostles, other verses suggest that other disciples, both men and women, were present at this event. -* **why do you stand looking into heaven?** - This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he rose up into the sky" or "God took him up into the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a cloud hid him from their eyes + +"a cloud blocked their view so that they could no longer see him" + +# looking intensely to heaven + +"staring at the sky" or "gazing at the sky" + +# You men of Galilee + +The angels address the apostles as men who are from Galilee. + +# will return in the same manner + +Jesus will return in the sky, just as clouds covered him when he arose into heaven. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/12.md b/act/01/12.md index 819ac585cc..6e4671b08b 100644 --- a/act/01/12.md +++ b/act/01/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then they returned -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofalphaeus]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +"The apostles returned" -## translationNotes +# a Sabbath day's journey -* **Then they returned** - "The apostles returned." -* **a sabbath day's journey** - This was a rule that the Pharasees made to keep people from doing work on the sabbath. -* **When they arrived** - "When they reached their destination in Jerusalem" -* **upper chamber** - "a room on a higher level of the house" -* **Simon the Zealot** - "Simon the Patriot." There were many Zealots, but Simon may have been the only apostle who was a Zealot. The Zealots wanted to make the Romans stop ruling over Israel. -* **They were all united as one** - The group was united and did not have divisions or strife. -* **as they diligently continued in prayer** - "as they devoted themselves together to pray" +This refers to the distance which, according to Rabbinical tradition, a person was allowed to walk on a Sabbath day. AT: "about one kilometer away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When they arrived + +"When they reached their destination." Verse 12 says they were returning to Jerusalem. + +# the upper chamber + +"the room on the upper level of the house" + +# They were all united as one + +This means that the apostles and believers there all shared a common commitment and purpose, and there was no strife among them. + +# as they diligently continued in prayer + +This means that the disciples prayed together regularly and frequently. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/15.md b/act/01/15.md index 9a02a51017..4984d1ca88 100644 --- a/act/01/15.md +++ b/act/01/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This event happened during the time that Peter and the other believers were staying together in the upper room. -## translationNotes +# In those days -* **In those days** - "In those days shortly after Jesus went back to heaven" -* **in the midst of the brothers** - The word "brothers" often refers to fellow believers and would include both men and women. -* **It was necessary that the scripture should be fulfilled** - Peter is specifically addressing the prophecies that related to Judas. -* **by the mouth of David** - "the words of David." The word "mouth" is used to refer to "words" even though David wrote them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These words mark the beginning of a new part of the story. They refer to the period of time after Jesus ascended while the disciples were meeting in the upper chamber. AT: "During that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# 120 people + +"one hundred and twenty people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the midst of the brothers + +Here the word "brothers" refers to fellow believers and includes both men and women. + +# it was necessary that the scripture should be fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that we read about in scripture had to take place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the mouth of David + +The word "mouth" refers to the words that David wrote. AT: "through the words of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/17.md b/act/01/17.md index 65bf2b433d..c943a507db 100644 --- a/act/01/17.md +++ b/act/01/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +In verse 17 Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](./15.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **his evil act** - "his evil act of guiding Jesus' enemies to him." This makes explicit what "evil act" refers to. (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Then falling head first his body burst wide open and all his bowels poured out.** - On this plot of land, Judas had a severe head first fall that caused his body to burst open. Other Scriptures mention he hung himself. -* **It became known…the field of blood.** - Because of the death, the people started calling the field by a new name. +In verses 18-19 the author tells the reader background information about how Judas died and what people called the field where he died. This is not part of Peter's speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# General Information: + +Although Peter is addressing the entire group of people, here the word "us" refers only to the apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Now this man + +The words "this man" refers to Judas Iscariot. + +# the earnings he received for his wickedness + +"the money that he earned from the evil thing that he did." The words "his wickedness" refer to Judas Iscariot's betraying Jesus to the people who killed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there he fell headfirst, and his body burst open, and all his intestines poured out + +This suggests that Judas fell from a high place, rather than just falling down. The fall was severe enough to cause his body to burst open. Other passages of scripture mention that he hanged himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Field of Blood + +When the people living in Jerusalem heard of the way in which Judas died, they renamed the field. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/20.md b/act/01/20.md index ca7bb8baa2..7c0c28f957 100644 --- a/act/01/20.md +++ b/act/01/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](./15.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **For it is written in the book of Psalms** - Based on the situation with Judas that he just recounted, Peter is recalling a passage in the book of Psalms that he believes relates to the current situation. -* **the book of Psalms** - This can be translated as "the book of Hymns" or "the book of Songs." This book is part of the Scriptures. -* **Let his field be made desolate** - A property falling apart and overgrown suggests the owner is dead. -* **And do not let even one person live there** - The land is unclean (taboo) or is unfit to live on. -* **let someone else take his position of leadership** - "may he be replaced in his leadership position" +Based on the situation with Judas that Peter just recounted, he recalls two Psalms of David that relate to the incident. The quote ends at the end of this verse. + +# For it is written in the Book of Psalms + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For David wrote in the Book of Psalms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let his field be made desolate, and do not let even one person live there + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Let his field be made desolate + +Possible meanings are 1) that the word "field" refers to the field where Judas died or 2) that the word "field" refers to Judas's dwelling place and is a metaphor for his family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be made desolate + +"become empty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/21.md b/act/01/21.md index 0909bc280e..14670b4842 100644 --- a/act/01/21.md +++ b/act/01/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Peter finishes his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](./15.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **It is necessary, therefore** - Peter is about to express why he quoted the verses from Psalms and what they should do about it. -* **That the men who accompanied us...one of these must be a witness with us of his resurrection** - Peter defined the qualifications for the man who is to replace Judas as an apostle. -* **They put forward two men** - As they looked to replace Judas, they found two men who qualified. -* **Joseph called Barsabbas who was also named Justus** - Joseph was also known by the names Barsabbas and Justus. +Here the word "us" refers to the apostles and does not include the audience to whom Peter is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# It is necessary, therefore + +Based on the scriptures that he quoted and on what Judas had done, Peter tells the group what they must do. + +# one of the men who accompanied us ... must be a witness with us of his resurrection + +Peter lists the qualifications for the man who is to replace Judas as an apostle. + +# the Lord Jesus went in and out among us + +Going in and out among a group of people is a metaphor for openly being part of that group. AT: "the Lord Jesus lived among us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# beginning from the baptism of John + +The noun "baptism" can be translated as a verb. Possible meanings: 1) "beginning from when John baptized Jesus" or 2) "beginning from when John baptized people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to the day that he was taken up from us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until the day when Jesus left us and rose up to heaven" or "until the day that God took him up from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They put forward two men + +Here the word "They" refers to all of the believers who were present. AT: "They proposed two men who fulfilled the requirements that Peter listed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also named Justus + +This can be translated with an active form. AT: "Joseph, whom people also called Barsabbas and Justus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/24.md b/act/01/24.md index 2cded8c0d0..f0554e701d 100644 --- a/act/01/24.md +++ b/act/01/24.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# They prayed and said -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Here the word "They" refers to all of the believers, but it was probably one of the apostles who spoke these words. AT: "The believers prayed together and one of the apostles said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# You, Lord, know the hearts of all people -* **They prayed** - "Then the believers prayed" -* **You, Lord, know the hearts of all men** - "Lord, You know the inner motivations and thoughts of everyone." -* **so reveal which of these two is the one whom you have chosen to take the place in this ministry and apostleship** - "Therefore, God, show us which of these men you have selected to fill this empty position among the apostles." -* **from which Judas transgressed to go to his own place** - The role was left empty because Judas betrayed Jesus, left, and died. -* **They cast lots for them** - They used the lot to decide between Joseph and Matthias. -* **the lot fell to Matthias** - The lot indicated that Matthias should be chosen. -* **he was numbered with the eleven apostles** - "the disciples considered him to be one of the apostles" +Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and motives. AT: "You, Lord, know the thoughts and motives of everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to take the place in this ministry and apostleship + +Here the word "apostleship" defines what kind of "ministry" this is. AT: "to take Judas' place in this apostolic ministry" or "to take Judas' place in serving as an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# from which Judas turned away + +Here the expression "turned away" means that Judas stopped performing this ministry. AT: "which Judas stopped fulfilling" + +# to go to his own place + +This phrase refers to Judas' death and likely to his judgment after death. AT: "to go where he belongs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# They cast lots for them + +The apostles cast lots to decide between Joseph and Matthias. + +# the lot fell to Matthias + +The lot indicated that Matthias was the one to replace Judas. + +# he was numbered with the eleven apostles + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the believers considered him to be an apostle with the other eleven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/intro.md b/act/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d231f367f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Acts 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records an event, commonly known as the "Ascension," when Jesus returns to heaven after his resurrection. He will not come back until he returns at his "second coming." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) + +Following other translations, the UDB has chosen to set the salutation ("Dear Theophilus") apart. This follows the style of a letter, but it may be approached differently to follow a similar practice in the translator's culture. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:20, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The kingdom of God ##### +Some scholars believe that Jesus explained to the disciples why the kingdom of God did not come during his life. Others believe that a new phase of the kingdom of God has just begun. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The twelve disciples ##### + +The following are the list of the twelve disciples: In Matthew: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. + +In Mark: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. + +In Luke: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot. + +It is probable that Thaddaeus and Jude, the son of James, are two names of the same person. + +##### Changes in tense ##### + +It may be difficult to translate the phrase, "Jesus began to do and to teach" because it changes the tense or timing of events within the same sentence ([Acts 1:1](./01.md)). It may be necessary to make all these actions agree with each other in tense. An alternative translation could be, "Jesus did and taught." + +##### Akeldama ##### + +This is a phrase in Hebrew or Aramaic. Luke does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Hebrew letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Acts intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/01.md b/act/02/01.md index f7a14ccb7f..0642d698a8 100644 --- a/act/02/01.md +++ b/act/02/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:pentecost]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +This is a new event; it is now the Day of Pentecost, 50 days after Passover. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **they were all together in the same place** - The word "they" probably refers to the group of about 120 believers who were together in Luke 1:15-26. This included the twelve apostles. -* **there came from heaven a sound** - "a noise came from the sky" -* **like the rush of a violent wind** - "like the blowing of a very strong wind" or "like a very strong wind blowing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the whole house** - This may have been a house or a larger building. -* **tongues like fire** - Possible meanings are 1) tongues that looked like they were made of fire, or 2) small flames of fire that looked like tongues. When fire burns in a small space, such as on a lamp, the flame can be shaped like a tongue. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **speak with other languages** - These are languages that they did not already know. +Here the word "they" refers to the apostles and the other 120 believers that Luke mentions in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md). + +# Suddenly + +This word refers to an event that happens unexpectedly. + +# there came from heaven a sound + +Possible meanings are 1) "heaven" refers to the place where God lives. AT: "a sound came from heaven" or 2) "heaven" refers to the sky. AT: "a sound came from the sky" + +# a sound like the rush of a violent wind + +"a noise that sounded like a very strong wind blowing" + +# the whole house + +This may have been a house or a larger building. + +# There appeared to them tongues like fire + +These might not be actual tongues or fire, but something that looked like them. Possible meanings are 1) tongues that looked like they were made of fire or 2) small flames of fire that looked like tongues. When fire burns in a small space, such as on a lamp, the flame can be shaped like a tongue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# that were distributed, and they sat upon each one of them + +This means that the "tongues like fire" spread out so that there was one on each person. + +# They were all filled with the Holy Spirit and + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Holy Spirit filled all of those who were there and they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# speak with other languages + +These are languages that they did not already know. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/05.md b/act/02/05.md index ccd07da1b1..76ffdd56aa 100644 --- a/act/02/05.md +++ b/act/02/05.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:galilee|Galilee, Galilean]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:godly|godly, godliness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jew|Jew, Jewish]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] +Verse 5 gives background information about the large number of Jews who were living in Jerusalem, many of whom were present during this event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **godly men** - people who wanted to honor and or worship God -* **every nation under heaven** - "every nation in the world" -* **when this sound was heard** - This refers to the sound that was like a strong wind. This can be translated with an active verb: "when they heard this sound." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the multitude** - "the large crowd of people" -* **Galileans** - This can be translated as "from Galilee." +Here the word "them" refers to the believers; the word "his" refers to each person in the multitude. + +# godly men + +Here "godly men" refers to people who were devout in their worship of God and tried to obey all of the Jewish laws. + +# every nation under heaven + +"every nation in the world." The word "every" is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the people came from many different nations. AT: "many different nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# When this sound was heard + +This refers to the sound that was similar to a strong wind. AT: "When they heard this sound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the multitude + +"the large crowd of people" + +# They were amazed and marveled + +These two words share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of amazement. AT: "They were greatly amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Really, are not all these who are speaking Galileans? + +The people ask this question to express their amazement. The question could be changed to an exclamation. AT: "All of these Galileans could not possibly know our languages!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/08.md b/act/02/08.md index 274dd166e4..a2ad8c804f 100644 --- a/act/02/08.md +++ b/act/02/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Why is it that we are hearing them, each in our own language in which we were born? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jew|Jew, Jewish]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:judea|Judea]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses how amazed they were or 2) this is a real question for which the people wanted an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# in our own language in which we were born -* **Why is it that we are hearing them...** - Possible meanings are 1) a real question that the people wanted an answer to, or 2) a rhetorical question that expressed how amazed they were. The UDB translates it as a statement showing how surprised they were. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Parthians and Medes and Elamites** - "people from Parthia, Media, and Elam." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **proselytes** - "non-Jewish people who have become Jews" or "converts to the Jewish religion" +"in our own languages that we have learned from birth" + +# Parthians ... Arabians + +This lists some of the many nations, regions, and cities from which they came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# proselytes + +"converts to the Jewish religion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/12.md b/act/02/12.md index fa4e287bcf..7ed5e46b31 100644 --- a/act/02/12.md +++ b/act/02/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# amazed and perplexed -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule, scoff at]] +These two words share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that the people could not understand what was happening. AT: "surprised and confused" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# They are full of new wine -* **amazed and perplexed ** - The people did not know what to think about what was happening (UDB). It can be translated as, "surprised and confused." -* **What does this mean?** - Some people were amazed at what was happening. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **But others mocked** - "But others insulted" or "put down" -* **They are full of new wine** - This can be translated as "They are drunk." Some chose to not believe the miracle, but to mock the apostles. -* **new wine** - a stronger drink than normal wine +Some people accuse the believers of having drunk too much wine. AT: "They are drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# new wine + +This refers to wine that is in the process of fermentation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/14.md b/act/02/14.md index 6630ec0b1b..a6be85916e 100644 --- a/act/02/14.md +++ b/act/02/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:judea|Judea]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:peter|Peter, Simon Peter, Cephas]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve|the twelve, the eleven]] +Peter begins his speech to the Jews who were there on the Day of Pentecost. -## translationNotes +# stood with the eleven -* **stood with the eleven** - All the apostles stood up in support of Peter's statement. -* **it is the third hour of the day** - "It is only nine o'clock in the morning" (UDB). Peter expected his audience to know that people do not get drunk that early in the day. It is implicit information that can be made explicit if needed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **third hour of the day** - "nine o'clock in the morning" (UDB). (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) +All the apostles stood up in support of Peter's statement. + +# let this be known to you + +This means that Peter is about to explain the meaning of what the people had witnessed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "know this" or "let me explain this to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# pay attention to my words + +Peter was referring to what he was saying. AT: "listen carefully to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it is only the third hour of the day + +"It is only nine o'clock in the morning." Peter expected his audience to know that people do not get drunk that early in the day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/16.md b/act/02/16.md index 4ff32e7a03..504f3238bb 100644 --- a/act/02/16.md +++ b/act/02/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joel]] -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Here Peter tells them a passage about which the prophet Joel wrote in the Old Testament that relates to what is happening with the languages in which the believers spoke. This is written in the form of poetry as well as being a quotation. -## translationNotes +# this is what was spoken through the prophet Joel -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:02:14]]. -* **this is what was spoken through the prophet Joel** - AT: "This is what God said and told the prophet Joel to write" or "The prophet Joel wrote these things that God had said." -* **what was spoken** - This can be translated with an active verb: "what God said" or "what God spoke about." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It will be in the last days** - This can be translated as "In the last days." The things that he is about to speak of will happen in the last days. This is the first part of what God said. The words "God says" can come first as in the UDB. -* **pour out Spirit upon all flesh** - This is a figure of speech telling how abundantly God will give his Spirit to all people. -* **all flesh** - "all people." The word "flesh" refers to people because people are made of flesh. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this is what God told the prophet Joel to write" or "this is that which the prophet Joel spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It will be + +"This is what will happen" or "This is what I will do" + +# I will pour out my Spirit on all people + +Here the words "pour out" mean to give generously and abundantly. AT: "I will give my Spirit abundantly to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/18.md b/act/02/18.md index 336ff60be9..e8de455b1f 100644 --- a/act/02/18.md +++ b/act/02/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Peter continues to quote the prophet Joel. -## translationNotes +# my servants and my female servants -* Peter continues to quote the prophet Joel in his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **servants...female servants** - In the Old Testament, God's prophets and other people who worshiped God are often referred to as his “servants.” -* **I will pour out my Spirit** - God gives his Spirit generously. -* **prophesy** - God inspires them to speak God's truth. -* **vapor** - "mist" or "fog" -* **pour out** - This is like someone emptying out a lot of water from a pitcher or a bucket. +"both my male and my female servants." These words emphasize that God will pour out his Spirit on all of his servants, both men and women. + +# I will pour out my Spirit + +Here the words "pour out" mean to give generously and abundantly. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:17](./16.md). AT: "I will give my Spirit abundantly to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# vapor of smoke + +"thick smoke" or "clouds of smoke" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/20.md b/act/02/20.md index 7d9af9ea65..363dfabfe0 100644 --- a/act/02/20.md +++ b/act/02/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Peter finishes quoting the prophet Joel. -## translationNotes +# The sun will be turned to darkness -* Peter continues to quote the prophet Joel in his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **the sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood** - The exact meaning of this phrase is unclear. Just translate it as literally as possible into your language. -* **everyone who calls on the name of the Lord** - AT: "everyone who calls on the Lord" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **calls** - prays or pleads +This means that the sun will appear to be dark instead of light. AT: "The sun will become dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the moon to blood + +This means that the moon will appear to be red like blood. AT: "the moon will appear to be red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the great and remarkable day + +The words "great" and "remarkable" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of greatness. AT: "the very great day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# remarkable + +"unusual" or "important" + +# everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Lord will save everyone who calls on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/22.md b/act/02/22.md index 0328433c30..f148caa34e 100644 --- a/act/02/22.md +++ b/act/02/22.md @@ -1,30 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:crucify|crucify]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:lawless|lawless, lawlessness]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth|Nazareth, Nazarene]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign, proof, reminder]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/15.md). -## translationNotes +# hear these words -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **determined plan and foreknowledge of God** - The death of Christ was accomplished according to the established plan and knowledge of God. -* **your** - This is the plural form of "your." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **he was delivered up** - "men delivered him" or "people delivered him" -* **loosed** - This means to be untied like one unties a rope. -* **having loosed the pains of death from him** - "to untie or free from the pains of death" -* **held** - Death could not finally keep Jesus in its power. +"listen to what I am about to say" + +# shown to you by God to be genuine by the mighty deeds, the wonders, and the signs + +This means that God proved that he had appointed Jesus for his mission, and proved who he was by his many miracles + +# by God's predetermined plan and foreknowledge + +The nouns "plan" and "foreknowledge" can be translated as verbs. This means that God planned out and knew beforehand what would happen to Jesus. AT: "because God planned out and knew beforehand everything that would happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# was handed over + +Possible meanings: 1) "you handed Jesus over into the hands of his enemies" or 2) "Judas betrayed Jesus to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you, by the hand of lawless men, put him to death by nailing him to a cross + +Although "lawless men" actually crucified Jesus, Peter accuses the crowd of having killed him because they demanded his death. + +# by the hand of lawless men + +Here "hand" refers to the actions of the lawless men. AT: "through the actions of lawless men" or "by what lawless men did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lawless men + +Possible meanings are 1) the unbelieving Jews who accused Jesus of crimes or 2) the Roman soldiers who performed the execution of Jesus. + +# freeing him from the pains of death + +Peter speaks of death as if it were a person who ties people up with painful cords. AT: "having freed him from the pain that death causes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# for him to be held by it + +"that he should be held by death." This can be stated in active form. AT: "that death should hold him" or "that death should keep him in its power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/25.md b/act/02/25.md index 344fa35f09..cb5ec664bb 100644 --- a/act/02/25.md +++ b/act/02/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Here Peter quotes a passage that David wrote in a Psalm which relates to Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **I saw** - David foresaw God working in his life before events unfolded. -* **before my face** - "in my presence" or "with me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **beside my right hand** - The right hand was considered the strongest. Someone at the right hand was either the strongest servant or the strongest helper. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **my heart was glad and my tongue rejoiced** - AT: "I was happy and I rejoiced." -* **my flesh will live in confidence** - AT: "Even though I am only mortal, I will have confidence in God." +Since Peter says that David said these words about Jesus, the words "I" and "my" refer to Jesus and the words "Lord" and "he" refer to God. + +# before my face + +"in front of me." AT: "in my presence" or "with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# beside my right hand + +To be at someone's "right hand" often means to be in a position to help and sustain. AT: "right beside me" or "with me to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I should not be moved + +Here the word "moved" means to be troubled. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will not be able to cause me trouble" or "nothing will trouble me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my heart was glad and my tongue rejoiced + +People consider the "heart" the center of emotions and the "tongue" voices those emotions. AT: "I was glad and rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my flesh will live in certain hope + +Possible meanings of the word "flesh" are 1) he is a mortal who will die. AT: "Even though I am only mortal, I will have confidence in God" or 2) it is synecdoche for his entire person. AT: "I will live with confidence in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/27.md b/act/02/27.md index a987fce051..d39bb4eea1 100644 --- a/act/02/27.md +++ b/act/02/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Peter finishes quoting David. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Peter continues to quote David in the Psalms in his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **Your holy one** - "Your anointed or chosen one" -* **To see decay** - His body will not remain dead long enough to decompose. This may be translated as "to rot." -* **ways of life** - "life-giving truth" +Since Peter says that David said these words about Jesus, the words "my," "Holy One," and "me" refer to Jesus and the words "you" and "your" refer to God. + +# neither will you allow your Holy One to see decay + +The Messiah, Jesus, refers to himself with the words "your Holy One." AT: "neither will you allow me, your Holy One, to see decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# to see decay + +Here the word "see" means to experience something. The word "decay" refers to the decomposition of his body after death. AT: "to decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the ways of life + +"the ways that lead to life" + +# full of gladness with your face + +Here the word "face" refers to the presence of God. AT: "very glad when I see you" or "very glad when I am in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# gladness + +"joy" or "happiness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/29.md b/act/02/29.md index 0f97de3219..00c74d080c 100644 --- a/act/02/29.md +++ b/act/02/29.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit, fruitful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hades|hades, sheol]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer, prophetess]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection|resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb, grave, burial place]] +Peter continues his speech that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/15.md) to the Jews that surround him and the other believers in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **patriarch** - This is a father, or one who lived a long time ago. -* **oath** - An "oath" is a solemn statement or declaration. -* **swear an oath** - When one swears an oath, he makes a serious statement that what he promises is true. -* **brothers** - This includes men and women. -* **He foresaw** - David foresaw and spoke of the Messiah. +In verses 29 & 30, the words he," "his," and "him" refer to David. In verse 31, the first "He" refers to David and the words within the quote "He" and "his" refer to Christ. + +# Brothers + +"Fellow Jews" + +# he both died and was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he died and people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he would set one of the fruit of his body upon his throne + +"God would set one of David's descendants upon David's throne." AT: "God would appoint one of David's descendants to be king in David's place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# one of the fruit of his body + +Here the word "fruit" refers to what "his body" produces. AT: "one of his descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He foresaw this + +"He knew this before it happened." Peter uses this language to speak of knowing something beforehand as if it were seen beforehand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He foresaw + +In this case, God enabled David to speak about the Messiah's resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He was neither abandoned to Hades + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not abandon him to Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nor did his flesh see decay + +Here the word "see" means to experience something. The word "decay" refers to the decomposition of his body after death. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:27](./27.md). AT: "nor did his flesh decay" or "nor did he remain dead long enough for his flesh to decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/32.md b/act/02/32.md index a3789c9e72..33b772828b 100644 --- a/act/02/32.md +++ b/act/02/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +The word "we" refers to the disciples and those that witnessed the risen Jesus after his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **right hand of God** - This is a place of confidence, honor, favor, trust, power and privilege. +Here, the second word "this" refers to the disciples' speaking in other languages when they received the Holy Spirit. + +# God raised him up + +Here the word "raised" refers to God's raising Jesus from the dead. + +# having been raised up to the right hand of God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God having raised Jesus up to his right hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# having been raised up to the right hand + +This refers to God's exalting Jesus to a position of honor and authority. + +# he has poured out this + +Here the words "poured out" mean that Jesus who is God made these events to happen. It is implicit that he does this by giving the Holy Spirit to the believers. AT: "he has caused these things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# poured out + +Here the words "pour out" mean to give generously and abundantly. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 2:17](./16.md). AT: "given abundantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/34.md b/act/02/34.md index 52f5c346e9..1bb0644083 100644 --- a/act/02/34.md +++ b/act/02/34.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Peter finishes his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/15.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:01:15]]. -* **the Lord said to my Lord** - "the Lord (God) said to my Lord (Christ)" -* **sit at my right hand ** - "take your place of honor, trust, privileges, and power by my side" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **until I make your enemy a stool for your feet** - "until I put your enemy in a position or place of defeat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Peter again quotes one of David's Psalms. David is not speaking of himself in this Psalm. "The Lord" and "my" refer to God; "my Lord" and "your" refer to Jesus the Messiah. + +# until I make your enemies the stool for your feet + +This means that God will completely defeat the Messiah's enemies and make them subject to him. AT: "until I make you victorious over all of your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the house of Israel + +This refers to the entire nation of Israel. AT: "every Israelite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/37.md b/act/02/37.md index 475ecc5fa6..ff1134f5cb 100644 --- a/act/02/37.md +++ b/act/02/37.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The Jews respond to Peter's speech and Peter answers them. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **pierced in their heart** - Luke uses the metaphor of piercing to emphasize how painful it was for them to hear this statement. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For to you is the promise** - "The promise is for you" +Here the word "they" refers to the people in the crowd to whom Peter spoke. + +# when they heard this + +"when the people heard what Peter had said" + +# they were pierced in their hearts + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Peter's words pierced their hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# pierced in their hearts + +This means that the people felt guilty and became very sad. AT: "deeply troubled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# be baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "allow us to baptize you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all that are far off + +This means either 1) "all people who live far away" or 2) "all people who are far from God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/40.md b/act/02/40.md index 1cd52661ae..be2e16bfb6 100644 --- a/act/02/40.md +++ b/act/02/40.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is the end of the part of the story that happened on the Day of Pentecost. Verse 42 begins a section that explains how the believers continued to live after the Day of Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# he testified and urged them -* **he testified** - In the New Testament, the term "testify" is often used to refer to how Jesus' followers spoke about the events of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection. -* **wicked generation ** - "very evil generation" -* **received** - "believed" or "accepted" -* **were baptized** - Jesus' disciples baptized them. -* **about three thousand souls** - AT: "about 3,000 people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"he seriously told them and begged them." Here the words "testified" and "urged" share similar meanings and emphasize that Peter urged them strongly to respond to what he was saying. AT: "he strongly urged them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Save yourselves from this wicked generation + +The implication is that God will punish "this wicked generation." AT: "Save yourselves from the punishment that these wicked people will suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they received his word + +Here the word "received" means that they accepted what Peter said to be true. AT: "they believed what Peter said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# were baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people baptized them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there were added in that day about three thousand souls + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "about three thousand souls joined the believers on that day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# about three thousand souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to people. AT: "about 3,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the breaking of bread + +Bread was part of their meals. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to any meals they might eat together. AT: "eating meals together" or 2) this refers to the meals they would eat together in order to remember Christ's death and resurrection. AT: "eating the Lord's Supper together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/43.md b/act/02/43.md index 1aff981761..04e283b02b 100644 --- a/act/02/43.md +++ b/act/02/43.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Fear came upon every soul -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Here the word "Fear" refers to deep respect and awe for God. The word "soul" refers to the entire person. AT: "Each person felt a deep respect and awe for God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# many wonders and signs were done through the apostles -* **Fear came upon every soul** - AT: "All of the people were very afraid," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **had all things in common** - "shared all of their possessions" -* **distributed them to** - "gave them to" or "gave money to" -* **fear** - "reverent awe" -* **were together** - "believed the same thing" -* **according as anyone had need** - When a need was expressed or observed, other believers gave to meet that need. +Possible meanings are 1) "the apostles performed many wonders and signs" or 2) "God performed many wonders and signs through the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wonders and signs + +"miraculous deeds and supernatural events." See how you translated this in [Acts 2:22](./22.md). + +# All who believed were together + +Possible meanings are 1) "All of them believed the same thing" or 2) "All who believed were together in the same place." + +# had all things in common + +"shared their belongings with one another" + +# property and possessions + +"land and things they owned" + +# distributed them to all + +Here the word "them" refers to the profit that they made from selling their property and possessions. AT: "distributed the proceeds to all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# according to the needs anyone had + +They distributed the proceeds that they earned from selling their property and possessions to any believer who had a need. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/46.md b/act/02/46.md index ec40d8c8e8..2183bac52f 100644 --- a/act/02/46.md +++ b/act/02/46.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they continued with one purpose -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Possible meanings are 1) "they continued meeting together" or 2) "they all continued to have the same attitude." -## translationNotes +# they broke bread in homes -* **with one purpose** - "with one mind" -* **they continued** - "the believers continued" -* **broke bread** - They shared their meals. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **humility of heart** - This means without presumption, plainly, without unnecessary formality, without regard to rank or privilege. -* **had favor with** - "had the respect of" +Bread was part of their meals. AT: "they eat meals together in their homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with joy and humility of heart + +Here the word "humility" may refer to generosity. The word "heart" refers to the entire person. AT: "joyfully and generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# had favor with all the people + +"all the people approved of them" + +# those who were being saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom the Lord saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/intro.md b/act/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d15469eca3 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Acts 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:17-21, 25-28, 31, 34-35, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +The events described in this chapter are commonly called "Pentecost." Many people believe the coming of the Holy Spirit to indwell believers in this chapter marks the beginning of the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tongues ##### +There is a display of tongues in this passage. They are described as foreign languages, previously unknown to the speaker. + +##### Last days ##### +Did the last days begin at this time in history? Scholars are divided over the response to this difficult question. The translator should exercise caution to avoid explicitly stating the starting point of the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +##### Baptism ##### +There are two baptisms referenced in this chapter. The first is christian baptism. The second is the baptism of the Spirit. The difference between the two baptisms depends on one's theological perspective. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/baptize]]) + +##### Signs and wonders ##### +This is a unique phrase describing the great power displayed and bearing witness to the truth of who Christ was and is. This is a major theme of the chapter. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Has the prophecy of Joel been fulfilled? ##### +It appears the prophecy of Joel may have been fulfilled in part, but not completely. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/01.md b/act/03/01.md index b808e8112f..b1f32d8f23 100644 --- a/act/03/01.md +++ b/act/03/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +One day Peter and John go to the temple. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **into the temple** - "into the temple area" or "to the temple." They did not go into the inner building where only the serving priests were allowed. -* **the ninth hour** - "three o'clock in the afternoon" (UDB). (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **alms** - The word "alms" refers to money that people give to the poor. +Verse 2 gives background information about the lame man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# into the temple + +They did not go into the temple building where only the priests were allowed. AT: "to the temple courtyard" or "into the temple area" + +# a man lame from birth was being carried every day to the Beautiful gate of temple + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Every day, people carried a certain man, lame from birth, and laid him near the Beautiful gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lame + +unable to walk \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/04.md b/act/03/04.md index 188ab80152..595891ba80 100644 --- a/act/03/04.md +++ b/act/03/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Peter, fastening his eyes upon him, with John, said -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Both Peter and John looked at the man, but only Peter spoke. -## translationNotes +# fastening his eyes upon him -* **fastening his eyes upon him** - "staring at him" or "looking intently at him" -* **the lame man looked at them** - "the lame man paid close attention to them" -* **silver and gold** - The phrase "silver and gold" is used to represent money. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **In the name of Jesus Christ** - "Through the power of Jesus Christ," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "looking directly at him" or 2) "looking intently at him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The lame man looked at them + +Here the word "looked" means to pay attention to something. AT: "The lame man paid close attention to them" + +# Silver and gold + +These words refer to money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what I do have + +It is understood that Peter has the ability to heal the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In the name of Jesus Christ + +Here the word "name" refers to power and authority. AT: "With the authority of Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/07.md b/act/03/07.md index 3e1b04bf6d..19a8493371 100644 --- a/act/03/07.md +++ b/act/03/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# he entered ... into the temple -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] - -## translationNotes - -* **He entered...into the temple** - The men entered into the temple courtyard. Only the priests were allowed to enter the actual temple building. +He did not go inside the temple building where only the priests were allowed. AT: "he entered ... the temple area" or "he entered ... into the temple courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/09.md b/act/03/09.md index 85b3b05ef9..a663e03060 100644 --- a/act/03/09.md +++ b/act/03/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# noticed that it was the man -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +"realized that it was the man" or "recognized him as the man" -## translationNotes +# the Beautiful Gate -* **noticed ** - "perceived" or "saw" -* **the Beautiful Gate** - "the gate called Beautiful" +This was the name of one of the entrances to the temple area. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 3:2](./01.md). + +# they were filled with wonder and amazement + +Here the words "wonder" and "amazement" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of the people's amazement. AT: "they were extremely amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/11.md b/act/03/11.md index d36ceeefe6..fec52b19d3 100644 --- a/act/03/11.md +++ b/act/03/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +After healing the man who could not walk, Peter talks to the people. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **As** - "While" -* **the porch that was called Solomon's** - "Solomon's Porch." Solomon was a king of Israel who had lived long before that time. A porch is a row of pillars covered by a roof, and open on one side. -* **greatly marveling** - "full of surprise" or "astonished" -* **When Peter saw this** - "When Peter saw the crowd growing" or "When Peter saw the people" (UDB) -* **You men of Israel** - "Fellow Israelites" (UDB). Peter was addressing the crowd. The word "men" in this context includes everyone present. -* **Why do you marvel?** - This can be translated as "You should not be surprised" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why do you fix your eyes on us** - This can also be translated as "You should not focus on us" or "There is no reason for you to focus on us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **us** - The word "us" refers to Peter and John. -* **we** - The word "we" refers to Peter and John. -* **as if we had made him to walk by our own power or godliness?** - This can be translated as "We did not make him walk by our own power or godliness." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The phrase "in the porch that is called Solomon's" makes it clear that they were not inside the temple where only the priests were allowed to enter. + +# General Information: + +Here the words "us" and "we" refer to Peter and John but not to the crowd to whom Peter is talking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# the porch that is called Solomon's + +"Solomon's Porch." This was a covered walkway that consisted of rows of pillars that supported a roof, and which people named after king Solomon. + +# greatly marveling + +"extremely surprised" + +# When Peter saw this + +Here the word "this" refers to the amazement of the people. + +# You men of Israel + +"Fellow Israelites." Peter was addressing the crowd. + +# why do you marvel? + +Peter asks this question to emphasize that they should not be surprised by what had happened. AT: "you should not be surprised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why do you fix your eyes on us, as if we had made him to walk by our own power or godliness? + +Peter asks this question to emphasize that the people should not think that he and John had healed the man by their own abilities. This could be written as two statements. AT: "Do not fix your eyes on us. We did not make him walk by our own power or godliness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# fix your eyes on us + +This means that they looked intently at them without stopping. AT: "stare at us" or "look at us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/13.md b/act/03/13.md index bfa3e79652..49dcc24d6b 100644 --- a/act/03/13.md +++ b/act/03/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:12](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# whom you delivered up -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:03:11]]. -* **whom you delivered up** - "whom you brought to Pilate" -* **and denied before the face of Pilate** - "and you rejected him in Pilate's presence" -* **when he had decided to release him** - "when Pilate had decided to set Jesus free" -* **for a murderer to be released to you** - This can be translated with an active verb: "for Pilate to set free a murderer." +"whom you handed over to Pilate" or "whom you gave to Pilate" + +# rejected before the face of Pilate + +Here the phrase "before the face of" means "in the presence of." AT: "rejected in Pilate's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when he had decided to release him + +"when Pilate had decided to release Jesus" + +# for a murderer to be released to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Pilate to release a murderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/15.md b/act/03/15.md index 595e45e501..421a2d05ce 100644 --- a/act/03/15.md +++ b/act/03/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Here the word "we" includes just Peter and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Founder of life -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:03:11]]. -* **Prince of life** - "The author of life" (UDB) or "ruler of life" -* **has made this man strong** - "has made this man well" +This refers to Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who gives people eternal life" or 2) "the ruler of life" or 3) "the founder of life" or 4) "the one who leads people to life" + +# Founder + +"creator," "author," or "captain" + +# Now + +This word, "Now," shifts the audiences' attention to the lame man. + +# by faith in his name + +Here the word "name" refers to Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) "because this man believes in Jesus" or 2) "because John and I believe in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# made him strong + +"made him well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/17.md b/act/03/17.md index 884ad75671..b49d4e5272 100644 --- a/act/03/17.md +++ b/act/03/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Here Peter shifts the audience's attention from the lame man and continues to talk to them directly. -## translationNotes +# you acted in ignorance -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:03:11]]. -* **by the mouth of all the prophets** - "through the prophets" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) that the people did not know that Jesus was the Messiah or 2) that the people did not understand the significance of what they were doing. + +# God foretold by the mouth of all the prophets + +When the prophets spoke, it was as though God himself was speaking because he told them what to say. AT: "God foretold by telling all of the prophets what to speak" + +# foretold + +"told ahead of time" or "told before it happened" + +# the mouth of all the prophets + +Here the word "mouth" refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. AT: "the words of all the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/19.md b/act/03/19.md index 42b7504473..2efa46d670 100644 --- a/act/03/19.md +++ b/act/03/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Repent ... and turn -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The words "Repent" and "turn" and refer changing one's way of thinking, turning away from sin and turning to God. -## translationNotes +# so that your sins may be blotted out -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:03:11]]. -* **turn again** - "turn back to God" -* **so that there may come periods of refreshing from the presence of the Lord** - "so that the Lord may strengthen you" -* **blotted out** - "erased" or "crossed out" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that God may blot out your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# periods of refreshing from the presence of the Lord + +"times of relief from the presence of the Lord." Possible meanings are 1) "times when God will strengthen your spirits" or 2) "times when God will revive you" + +# from the presence of the Lord + +Here the words "presence of the Lord" is a metonym for the Lord himself. AT: "from the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that he may send the Christ + +"that he may again send the Christ." This refers to Christ's coming again. + +# who has been appointed for you + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "whom he has appointed for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/21.md b/act/03/21.md index ff1878d03f..6a55e7080a 100644 --- a/act/03/21.md +++ b/act/03/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] +Peter continues his speech that he began in [Acts 3:12](./11.md) to the Jews who stood in the temple area. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:03:11]]. -* **the heavens must receive** - Jesus will remain in heaven for it was previously stated that was what he would do. -* **until the time of the restoration of all things** - "until the time when God will restore all things" -* **of which God spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets** - "God told his holy prophets to speak of the restoration." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **his holy prophets that have been ever since ancient times** - "his holy prophets who lived long ago" -* **will raise up a prophet** - "will choose someone to be a prophet" -* **destroyed** - "removed" or "taken away" +In verses 22-23 Peter quotes something Moses told before the Messiah came. + +# He is the One heaven must receive + +"He is the One heaven must welcome." Peter speaks of heaven as if it were a person who welcomes Jesus into his home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# heaven must receive until + +This means that it is necessary for Jesus to remain in heaven because that is what God has planned. + +# until the time of the restoration of all things + +Possible meanings are 1) "until the time when God will restore all things" or 2) "until the time when God will fulfill everything that he foretold." + +# about which God spoke long ago by the mouth of his holy prophets + +When the prophets spoke long ago, it was as if God himself was speaking because he told them what to say. AT: "about which things God spoke long ago by telling his holy prophets to speak about them" + +# the mouth of his holy prophets + +Here the word "mouth" refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. AT: "the words of his holy prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will raise up a prophet + +"will appoint a prophet" + +# that prophet will be completely destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that prophet, God will completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/24.md b/act/03/24.md index 71751efc29..d2f8ce0c78 100644 --- a/act/03/24.md +++ b/act/03/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Peter finishes his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:12](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# Yes, and all the prophets -* Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:03:11]]. -* **all those who followed him** - "all those prophets who lived after Samuel lived" -* **these days** - "these times" or "the things that are happening now" -* **You are the sons of the prophets** - "You are the heirs of the prophets." This can be translated as "You will receive what God promised through his prophets." -* **and of the covenant** - "and sons of the covenant." This can be translated as "You will receive what God promised in his covenant." -* **In your seed** - "Because of your offspring" -* **After God raised up his Servant** - "After God chose his Servant" or "After God gave authority to his Servant" -* **his Servant** - This refers to God's Messiah. +"In fact, all the prophets." Here the word "Yes" adds emphasis to what follows. + +# from Samuel and those who came after him + +"beginning with Samuel and continuing with the prophets who lived after he did" + +# these days + +"these times" or "the things that are happening now" + +# You are the sons of the prophets and of the covenant + +Here the word "sons" refers to heirs who will receive what the prophets and the covenant promised. AT: "You are the heirs of the prophets and heirs of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# In your seed + +"Because of your offspring" + +# shall all the families of the earth be blessed + +Here the word "families" refers to people groups or nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bless all the people groups in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# After God raised up his servant + +"After God presented his servant" or "After God gave authority to his servant" + +# his servant + +This refers to the Messiah, Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/intro.md b/act/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bbb8b9d826 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Acts 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abrahamic Covenant ##### +This chapter explains that part of the Abrahamic covenant has been fulfilled in Jesus. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "You delivered up" ##### +There are many references to the "men of Israel" as "you." While it is true that the leaders of Israel were responsible for these events, ultimately it was Jesus' choice to be delivered up and the need for his death was the sin of mankind. Therefore, the author is not bringing judgment upon these people, but is urging repentance for their condemnation of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/01.md b/act/04/01.md index 1d74c96c99..74b36e83a2 100644 --- a/act/04/01.md +++ b/act/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The religious leaders arrest Peter and John after Peter's having healed the man who was born lame. -## translationNotes +# came upon them -* **captain of the temple** - chief security guard of the temple -* **came upon them** - "approached them" or "came to them" -* **They were deeply troubled** - Peter taught about Jesus and his resurrection from the dead. This troubled the Sadducees because they did not believe in Jesus' resurrection from the dead. -* **the number of the men** - specifically males. Any women and children who were there were not included in the count. -* **since it was now evening** - It was common practice not to question people at night. -* **was about five thousand** - "became about five thousand" or "grew to about five thousand". +"approached them" or "came to them" + +# They were deeply troubled + +"They were very angry." The Sadducees, in particular, would have been angry about what Peter and John were saying because they did not believe in resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead ones + +Peter and John were saying that God would raise people from the dead in the same way as he had raised Jesus from among the dead. Translate this in a way that allows "the resurrection" to refer to both Jesus' resurrection and the general resurrection of other people. + +# from the dead ones + +"from among the dead people" + +# They arrested them + +"The priests, the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees arrested Peter and John" + +# since it was now evening + +It was common practice not to question people at night. + +# the number of the men who believed + +This refers only to men and does not include how many women or children believed. + +# was about five thousand + +"grew to about five thousand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/05.md b/act/04/05.md index 0576e7fb32..72dafbbcc7 100644 --- a/act/04/05.md +++ b/act/04/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:annas]] -* [[en:tw:caiaphas]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +The rulers question Peter and John who answer without fear. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **by what power** - "who gave you power" (UDB) or "what gave you power". They knew Peter and John could not have healed this man on their own. -* **in what name** - "who gave you authority" +Here the word "their" refers to the Jewish people as a whole. + +# It came about ... that + +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# their rulers, elders and scribes + +This is a reference to the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling court, which consisted of these three groups of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# John, and Alexander + +These two men were members of the high priest's family. This is not the same John as the apostle. + +# By what power + +"Who gave you power" + +# in what name + +Here the word "name" refers to authority. AT: "by whose authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/08.md b/act/04/08.md index 4b78f3bc71..a9d310d9a9 100644 --- a/act/04/08.md +++ b/act/04/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:4](../02/01.md). AT: "The Holy Spirit filled Peter and he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# if we this day are being questioned ... by what means was this man made well? -* **the people of Israel** - citizens of the nation Israel +Peter asks this question to clarify that this was the real reason that they were on trial. AT: "You are asking us this day ... by what means we made this man well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we this day are being questioned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are questioning us this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by what means was this man made well + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by what means we have made this man well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May this be known to you all and to all the people of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May all of you and all of the people of Israel know this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to you all and to all the people of Israel + +"to you who are questioning us and to all the other people of Israel" + +# in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth + +Here the word "name" refers to power and authority. AT: "by the power of Jesus Christ of Nazareth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/11.md b/act/04/11.md index 10e4eaf69c..9f960194d1 100644 --- a/act/04/11.md +++ b/act/04/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Peter completes his speech to the Jewish religious rulers that he began in [Acts 4:8](./08.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Peter continues his speech to the Jewish religious rulers that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:04:08]]. -* **Jesus Christ is the stone** - This is a simile. As only one cornerstone is set for the foundation and reference point of a building, Jesus is the only foundation for Salvation. +Here the word "we" refers to Peter as well as those to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Jesus Christ is the stone ... which has been made the head cornerstone + +Peter is quoting from the Psalms. This is a metaphor that means the religious leaders, like builders, rejected Jesus, but God will made him the most important in his kingdom, as a cornerstone in a building is important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# head + +Here the word "head" means "most important" or "vital." + +# you as builders despised + +"you as builders rejected" or "you as builders rejected as worth nothing" + +# There is no salvation in any other person + +The noun "salvation" can be translated as a verb. This can be stated positively. AT: "He is the only person who is able to save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# no other name under heaven given among men + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no other name under heaven that God has given among men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no other name ... given among men + +The phrase "name ... given among men" refers to the person of Jesus. AT: "no other person under heaven, who is given among men, by whom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# under heaven + +This is a way of referring to everywhere in the world. AT: "in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by which we must be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which can save us" or "who can save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/13.md b/act/04/13.md index 8d1ef6c1f3..ad044dbee5 100644 --- a/act/04/13.md +++ b/act/04/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Here the second instance of "they" refers to Peter and John. All other occurrences of the word "they" in this section refer to the Jewish leaders. -## translationNotes +# the boldness of Peter and John -* **when they saw the boldness** - "They" refers to the group leaders. -* **realized that they** - "perceiving" or "knowing" -* **they were ordinary** - "They" refers to two, Peter and John. -* **uneducated men** - "untrained" or "no formal schooling" +Here the abstract noun "boldness" refers to the way in which Peter and John responded to the Jewish leaders, and can be translated with an adverb or an adjective. AT: "how boldly Peter and John had spoken" or "how bold Peter and John were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# boldness + +"fearlessness" or "courage" + +# realized that they were ordinary, uneducated men + +The Jewish leaders "realized" this because of the way Peter and John spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# realized + +"understood" + +# ordinary, uneducated men + +The words "ordinary" and "uneducated" share similar meanings. They emphasize that Peter and John had received no formal training in Jewish law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the man who was healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man whom Peter and John had healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nothing to say against this + +"nothing to say against Peter and John's healing of the man." Here the word "this" refers to what Peter and John had done. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/15.md b/act/04/15.md index 6ceb7004a3..a0263d8816 100644 --- a/act/04/15.md +++ b/act/04/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the apostles -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +This refers to Peter and John. -## translationNotes +# What shall we do to these men? -* **them** - This refers to Peter and Paul. +The Jewish leaders ask this question out of frustration because they could not think of what to do with Peter and John. AT: "There is nothing that we can do with these men!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For the fact that a remarkable miracle has been done through them is known to everyone who lives in Jerusalem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For everyone who lives in Jerusalem knows that they have done a remarkable miracle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everyone who lives in Jerusalem + +This is a generalization. It may also be an exaggeration to show that the leaders think that this is a very big problem. AT: "many of the people who live in Jerusalem" or "people who live throughout Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in order that it spreads no further + +Here the word "it" refers to any miracles or teaching Peter and John might continue to do. AT: "in order that news of this miracle spreads no further" or "in order that no more people hear about this miracle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# not to speak anymore to anyone in this name + +Here the word "name" refers to the person of Jesus. AT: "not to speak anymore to anyone about this person, Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/19.md b/act/04/19.md index 9b2e34107d..ae67a93578 100644 --- a/act/04/19.md +++ b/act/04/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Here the word "we" refers to Peter and John but not to those whom they are addressing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Whether it is right in the sight of God -* **we cannot help** - we are compelled to speak -* **whether it is right** - righteous and honoring to God +Here the phrase "in the sight of God" refers to God's opinion. AT: "Whether God thinks it is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/21.md b/act/04/21.md index 643b199fb5..01876cf34f 100644 --- a/act/04/21.md +++ b/act/04/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +Verse 22 gives background information about the age of the lame man who was healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# After further warning -* **they were unable to find any excuse to punish them** - The leaders could not figure out how to punish Peter and John without causing a riot among the people who saw the man healed. -* **after further warning** - The leaders threatened them with further punishment. -* **The man...was more than forty years old** - It was a well established fact that the man had been crippled and was recently healed. +The Jewish leaders again threatened to punish Peter and John. + +# They were unable to find any excuse to punish them + +Although the Jewish leaders threatened Peter and John, they could not find a reason to punish them without causing the people to riot. + +# for what had been done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for what Peter and John had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The man who had experienced this miracle of healing + +"The man whom Peter and John had miraculously healed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/23.md b/act/04/23.md index 54d0eae210..fb7790f389 100644 --- a/act/04/23.md +++ b/act/04/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Speaking together, the people quote a Psalm of David from the Old Testament. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **came to their own people** - They went to the other believers. -* **raised their voices together** - They were all united in thought and mind. -* **by the mouth of our father David your servant** - "through our father David your servant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **servant** - In the Old Testament, God's prophets and other people who worshiped God are often referred to as his “servants.” +Here the word "they" refers to the rest of the believers, but not to Peter and John. + +# came to their own people + +The phrase "their own people" refers to the rest of the believers. AT: "went to the other believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You spoke by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of your servant, our father David + +This means that the Holy Spirit caused David to speak or write down what God said. + +# through the mouth of your servant, our father David + +Here the word "mouth" refers to the words that David spoke or wrote down. AT: "by the words of your servant, our father David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# our father David + +Here "father" refers to "ancestor/" + +# Why did the Gentile nations rage, and the peoples imagine useless things? + +This is a rhetorical question that emphasizes the futility of opposing God. AT: "The Gentile nations should not have raged, and the peoples should not have imagined useless things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the peoples imagine useless things + +These "useless things" consist of plans to oppose God. AT: "the peoples imagine useless things against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# peoples + +"people groups" or "tribes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/26.md b/act/04/26.md index ffcf239147..76cf4f167f 100644 --- a/act/04/26.md +++ b/act/04/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +The believers complete their quotation from King David in the Psalms that they began in [Acts 4:25](./23.md). -## translationNotes +# The kings of the earth set themselves together, and the rulers gathered together against the Lord -* Peter continues his quotation from King David in the Psalms that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:04:23]]. -* **set themselves together** - "joined their armies together" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These two lines mean basically the same thing. The two lines emphasize the combined effort of the earth's rulers to oppose God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# set themselves together ... gathered together + +These two phrases mean that they joined their armies together to fight a battle. AT: "set their armies together ... gathered their troops together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against the Lord, and against his Christ + +Here the word "Lord" refers to God. In the Psalms, the word "Christ" refers to the Messiah or God's anointed one. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/27.md b/act/04/27.md index 5290e268b9..1779562599 100644 --- a/act/04/27.md +++ b/act/04/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The believers continue praying. -## translationNotes +# in this city -* The believers together continue the prayer that they began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:04:23]]. -* **Herod and Pontius Pilate, together with the Gentiles and the people of Israel** - In the Psalm, David included only the Gentile nations, but Peter included Israel and their rulers among those who opposed the Messiah. -* **in this city** - in Jerusalem -* **your hand and your desire decided** - "you decided" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"this city" refers to Jerusalem. + +# your holy servant Jesus + +"Jesus who serves you faithfully" + +# to do all that your hand and your plan had decided + +Here the word "hand" is used to mean God's power. Additionally, the phrase "your hand and your desire decided" shows God's power and plan. AT: "to do all that you had decided because you are powerful and did all that you planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/29.md b/act/04/29.md index be823390ca..c1b71278e6 100644 --- a/act/04/29.md +++ b/act/04/29.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The believers complete their prayer that they began in [Acts 4:24](./23.md). -## translationNotes +# look upon their warnings -* The believers together continue the prayer that they began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:04:23]] -* **they spoke the word of God with boldness** - This is the result of the disciples being filled with the Holy Spirit. +Here the words "look upon" are a request for God to take notice of the way in which the Jewish leaders threatened the believers. AT: "notice how they threaten to punish us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Stretch out your hand to heal + +Here the word "hand" refers to God's power. This is a request for God to show how powerful he is. AT: "while you show your power by healing people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# through the name of your holy servant Jesus + +Here the word "name" refers to power and authority. AT: "through the power of your holy servant Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your holy servant Jesus + +"Jesus who serves you faithfully." See how you translated this in [Acts 4:27](./27.md). + +# the place ... was shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the place ... shook" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they were all filled with the Holy Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:4](../02/01.md). AT: "The Holy Spirit filled them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/32.md b/act/04/32.md index fae5c36dec..3c00b83492 100644 --- a/act/04/32.md +++ b/act/04/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# were of one heart and soul -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and the word "soul" refers to the emotions. Together they refer to the total person. AT: "thought the same way and wanted the same things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# they had everything in common -* **testimony** - In the New Testament, this term is often used to refer to how Jesus' followers testified about the events of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection. -* **and great grace was upon them all** - Possible meanings: 1) that God was pouring out many gifts and much boldness upon all the believers, or 2) that the believers were held in very high esteem by all the other people in Jerusalem. +"shared their belongings with one another." See how you translated this in [Acts 2:44](../02/43.md). + +# great grace was upon them all + +Possible meanings are: 1) that God was greatly blessing the believers or 2) that the people in Jerusalem held the believers in very high esteem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/34.md b/act/04/34.md index e8426587c8..9bc1d3d918 100644 --- a/act/04/34.md +++ b/act/04/34.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# all who owned title to lands or houses -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:believer]] +The word "all" here is a generalization. AT: "Many people who owned title to lands or houses" or "People who owned title to lands or houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# owned title to lands or houses -* **laid it at the apostles’ feet** - It was the believers' way to: 1) publicly demonstrate a changed heart, and 2) give the apostles the authority over the distribution of the gift. +"owned land or houses" + +# the money of the things that were sold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the money that they received from the things that they sold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# laid it at the apostles' feet + +This means that they presented the money to the apostles. AT: "presented it to the apostles" or "gave it to the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it was distributed to each one according to their need + +The noun "need" can be translated with a verb. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they distributed the money to each believer who needed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/36.md b/act/04/36.md index 8eb4500303..85cad628d4 100644 --- a/act/04/36.md +++ b/act/04/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:cyprus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] +Luke introduces Barnabas into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of Encouragement -* **Joseph, a Levite, a man from Cyprus** - Barnabas is being introduced into the story. It isn't until later that he has a bigger part in Luke's book of Acts. You may need to consider how your language introduces new participants in a story. +The apostles used this name to show that Joseph was a person who encouraged others. "Son of" is an idiom used to describe a person's behavior or character. AT: "Encourager" or "one who encourages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# laid it at the apostles' feet + +This means that they presented to money to the apostles. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:35](./34.md). AT: "presented it to the apostles" or "gave it to the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/intro.md b/act/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae14e15780 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Acts 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:25-26, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Unity ##### +The early church prioritized unity. There was a spirit of unity among the followers of Christ as well as some financial unity. The latter shows a sense of total commitment. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Cornerstone ##### +This is an important metaphor in Scripture. The cornerstone was the first piece of stone put into place when making the foundation of a building. If the cornerstone was out of place or at a wrong angle, then the whole building would be off. This metaphor teaches that Jesus is the proper foundation of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "For there is no other name under heaven" ##### +The Greek word for "name" indicates that it is not just the word "Jesus" that saves, but his true person. It is the true Jesus, the Son of God, the one who died for the sins of mankind, who is the only way a person can go to heaven. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/01.md b/act/05/01.md index eaa9d78f89..2306d793fa 100644 --- a/act/05/01.md +++ b/act/05/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] +Continuing the story of how the new Christians shared their belongings with other believers, Luke tells about two believers, Ananias and Sapphria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now** - "But now...." This marks a new part of the story. You may translate this in a way that contrasting stories are introduced in your language. -* **a certain man** - This is a way of introducing a new person. You may translate this in a way people are introduced in a story in your language. -* **he kept back part of the sale money** - He was not honest in reporting the full amount of the sale to the apostles. This implied information can be made explicit: "He secretly kept back part of the sale money." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **laid it at the apostles' feet** - Putting a gift at the apostles's feet symbolized giving them the authority over how the gift should be used. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his wife also knew it** - This can also be translated as, "his wife also knew and agreed to do it." +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline to tell a new part of the story. + +# his wife also knew it + +"his wife also knew that he kept back part of the sale money" + +# laid it at the apostles' feet + +This means that they presented to money to the apostles. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:35](../04/34.md). AT: "presented it to the apostles" or "gave it to the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/03.md b/act/05/03.md index 65b68df653..0702cf9638 100644 --- a/act/05/03.md +++ b/act/05/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +If your language does not use rhetorical questions, you may reword these as statements. -## translationNotes +# why has Satan filled your heart to lie ... land? -* **why has Satan filled your heart** - Peter used this rhetorical question to rebuke Ananias. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **did it not remain your own...was it not in your control?** - Peter used these rhetorical questions to remind Ananias of things he should have already known: that the money still belonged to Ananias and that it was still in Ananias's control. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **How is it that you thought of this thing in your heart?** - Peter used this rhetorical question to rebuke Ananias. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The young men came forward** - Literally, "The young men rose...." This is an expression for initiating action. -* **they carried him out and buried him.** - When one dies, there normally is a process of preparing the body for burial. It appears that this was not the case for Ananias. +Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. AT: "you should not have let Satan convince you to lie ... land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Satan filled your heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the will and emotions. Possible meanings are 1) "Satan completely controlled you" or 2) "Satan convinced you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back part of the price + +This implies that Ananias had told the apostles that he was giving the entire amount that he had received from selling his land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# While it remained unsold, did it not remain your own? + +Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. AT: "While it remained unsold, it was your own possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# While it remained unsold + +"While you had not sold it" + +# after it was sold, was it not in your control? + +Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. AT: "after it was sold, you had control over the money that you received." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# after it was sold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after you sold it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# How is it that you thought of this thing in your heart? + +Peter used this question to rebuke Ananias. Here the word "heart" refers to the will and emotions. AT: "You should not have thought of doing this thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fell down and breathed his last + +Here "breathed his last" means "breathed his final breath" and is a polite way of saying that he died. Ananias fell down because he died; he did not die because he fell down. AT: "died and fell to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/07.md b/act/05/07.md index e79ea91209..902f98f5be 100644 --- a/act/05/07.md +++ b/act/05/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# his wife came in -* [[en:tw:Peter]] +"Ananias' wife came in" or "Sapphira came in" -## translationNotes +# what had happened -* **what had happened** - "that her husband had died" +"that her husband had died" + +# for so much + +"for this much money." This refers to the amount of money that Ananias had given to the apostles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/09.md b/act/05/09.md index feeb5ce9e1..6140ffcf91 100644 --- a/act/05/09.md +++ b/act/05/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This is the end of the part of the story about Ananias and Sapphira. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **How is it that you have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord?** - This could also be translated as a strong statement. AT: "You have agreed together to test the Spirit!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **breathed her last** - This is a more gentle way of saying that "she died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **The feet of those** - Here "the feet" refer to the men who buried Ananias. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to both Ananias and Sapphira. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# How is it that you have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord? + +Peter asks this question to rebuke Sapphira. AT: "You should not have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you have agreed together + +"the two of you have agreed together" + +# to test the Spirit of the Lord + +Here the word "test" means to challenge or to prove. They were trying to see if they could get away with lying to God without receiving punishment. + +# the feet of the men who buried your husband + +Here the phrase "the feet" refers to the men. AT: "the men who have buried your husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# fell down at his feet + +This means that when she died, she fell on the floor in front of Peter. This expression should not be confused with falling down at a person's feet as a sign of humility. + +# breathed her last + +Here "breathed his last" means "breathed her final breath" and is a polite way of saying "she died." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 5:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/12.md b/act/05/12.md index 5723409556..a591fbec22 100644 --- a/act/05/12.md +++ b/act/05/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Luke continues to tell what happens in the early days of the church. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **no one else** - "no other person who was not a part of the church" -* **Solomon’s porch** - This area is located inside the temple courtyard. -* **high esteem** - "great awe and respect" +Here the words "They" and "they" refer to the believers. + +# Many signs and wonders were taking place among the people through the hands of the apostles + +or "Many signs and wonders took place among the people through the hands of the apostles." This can be stated in active form. AT: "The apostles performed many signs and wonders among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# signs and wonders + +"supernatural events and miraculous deeds." See how you translated these terms in [Acts 2:22](../02/22.md) + +# through the hands of the apostles + +Here the word "hands" refers to the apostles. AT: "through the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Solomon's Porch + +This was a covered walkway that consisted of rows of pillars that supported a roof, and which people named after king Solomon. See how you translated "the porch that is called Solomon's" in [Acts 3:11](../03/11.md). + +# they were held in high esteem by the people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people held the believers in high esteem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/14.md b/act/05/14.md index 1a12a6322f..9b8788b475 100644 --- a/act/05/14.md +++ b/act/05/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Here the word "they" refers to the people who lived in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# more believers were being added to the Lord -* **his shadow might fall on some of them** - It is implied that they would be healed if Peter's shadow touched them. +This could be stated in active form. See how you translated "were added" in [Acts 2:41](../02/40.md). AT: "more people were believing in the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his shadow might fall on some of them + +It is implied that God would heal them if Peter's shadow touched them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those afflicted with unclean spirits + +"those whom unclean spirits had afflicted" + +# they were all healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God healed them all" or "the apostles healed them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/17.md b/act/05/17.md index 5edac75550..b61b118efd 100644 --- a/act/05/17.md +++ b/act/05/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] +The religious leaders began to persecute the believers. -## translationNotes +# But -* **But** - This begins a contrasting story. You may translate this in the way that your language introduces a contrasting narrative. -* **jealousy** - "envy" or "resentment" -* **laid hands on the apostles** - "seized the apostles," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This begins a contrasting story. You may translate this in the way that your language introduces a contrasting narrative. + +# the high priest rose up + +Here the phrase "rose up" means that the high priest decided to take action, not that he stood up from a seated position. AT: "the high priest took action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they were filled with jealousy + +The abstract noun "jealousy" can be translated as an adjective. This could be stated in active form. AT: "they became very jealous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# laid hands on the apostles + +This means that they seized the apostles by force. They would have ordered guards to do this. AT: "had the guards arrest the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/19.md b/act/05/19.md index 0193c203bd..e77230bcb1 100644 --- a/act/05/19.md +++ b/act/05/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here the words "them" and "they" refer to the apostles. -## translationNotes +# in the temple ... into the temple -* **led them out** - "led the apostles out of the jail" -* **about daybreak** - The temple was closed at night. The apostles obeyed the angel as soon as possible. -* **council** - The council that is referred to here is the most important Jewish Council, which was also known as the Sanhedrin. +They did not go into the temple building where only the priests were allowed. AT: "in the temple courtyard ... into the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the words of this Life + +This is a reference to the gospel message that the apostles had already proclaimed. Possible meanings are 1) "all this message of eternal life" or 2) "the whole message of this new way of living" + +# about daybreak + +"as it began to be light." Although the angel led them out of the jail during the night, the sun was rising by the time the apostles reached the temple courtyard. + +# sent to the jail to have the apostles brought + +This implies someone went to the jail. AT: "sent someone to the jail to bring the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/22.md b/act/05/22.md index 74ce0cc2ca..eda2e4b8bf 100644 --- a/act/05/22.md +++ b/act/05/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# we found no one inside -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:report]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no Translation Notes for this section. +The words "no one" refer to the apostles. This implies that there was no one else in the jail cell besides the apostles. AT: "we did not find them inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/24.md b/act/05/24.md index 8c11e5a8e4..fd901c44ef 100644 --- a/act/05/24.md +++ b/act/05/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the captain of the temple and the chief priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# they were much perplexed -* **were much perplexed** - "were puzzled" or "were confused" -* **concerning them** - "concerning the words they had just heard" (the report that the apostles were missing from the jail) -* **whom you put** - The word "you" is plural. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +"they were very puzzled" or "they were very confused" + +# concerning them + +"concerning the words they had just heard" or "concerning these things" + +# what would come of it + +"and what would happen as a result" + +# standing in the temple + +They did not go into the part of the temple building where only the priests were allowed. AT: "standing in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/26.md b/act/05/26.md index 4746680100..473778d7db 100644 --- a/act/05/26.md +++ b/act/05/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +The captain and the officers bring the apostles before the Jewish religious council. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **council** - This was the most important Jewish Council, which was also known as the Sanhedrin. -* **Bring this man's blood upon us** - "hold us responsible for the death of this man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **charged you** - Here the word "you" is plural. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **you have filled** - you have filled The word "you" here is plural. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +The word "they" in this section refers to the captain and the officers. In the phrase "feared that the people might stone them" the word "them" refers to the captain and the officers. All other occurrences of "them" in this chunk refer to the apostles. + +# General Information: + +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# they feared + +"they were afraid" + +# in this name + +Here the word "name" refers to the person of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:17](../04/15.md). AT: "not to speak anymore about this person, Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching + +Teaching many people in a city is spoken of as if they were filling the city with a teaching. AT: "you have taught many people in Jerusalem about him" or "you have taught about him throughout the Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# desire to bring this man's blood upon us + +Here the word "blood" is a metonym for death, and to bring someone's blood on people is a metaphor for saying that they are guilty of that person's death. AT: "desire to make us responsible for this man's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/29.md b/act/05/29.md index f55c322e1d..16e441197d 100644 --- a/act/05/29.md +++ b/act/05/29.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Prince]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Here the word "We" refers to the apostles, and not to the audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Peter and the apostles answered -* **give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins** - This could also be translated as, "give Israel the opportunity to turn from their sin and receive forgiveness for their sins". -* **So is the Holy Spirit** - The Holy Spirit is spoken of as a person who can testify to validate the miraculous work of Jesus +Peter spoke on behalf of all of the apostles when he said the following words. + +# by hanging him on a tree + +Here Peter uses the word "tree" to refer to the cross which was made out of wood. AT: "by hanging him on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins + +The words "repentance" and "forgiveness" can be translated as verbs. AT: "give the people of Israel an opportunity to repent and have God forgive their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Israel + +The word "Israel" refers to the Jewish people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who obey him + +"those who submit to God's authority" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/33.md b/act/05/33.md index f903e5249d..bd858789ce 100644 --- a/act/05/33.md +++ b/act/05/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +Gamaliel addresses the council members. -## translationNotes +# Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, who was honored by all the people -* **council** - This was the most important Jewish Council, which was also known at the Sanhedrin. -* **they were furious** - The council members became exceedingly angry at the apostles for rebuking them. +Luke introduces Gamaliel and provides background information about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# who was honored by all the people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom all the people honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# commanded the apostles to be taken outside + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "commanded the guards to take the apostles outside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/35.md b/act/05/35.md index a594462d48..4a886598f5 100644 --- a/act/05/35.md +++ b/act/05/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# pay close attention to -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +"think carefully about" or "be cautious about." Gamaliel was warning them not to do something that they would later regret. -## translationNotes +# Theudas rose up -* **pay close attention to** - "think carefully about" (UDB), or "be cautious about" +Possible meanings are 1) "Theudas rebelled" or 2) "Theudas appeared." + +# claiming to be somebody + +"claiming to be somebody important" + +# He was killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all who had been obeying him were scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the people scattered who had been obeying him" or "all who had been obeying him went in different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# came to nothing + +This means that they did not do what they had planned to do. + +# After this man + +"After Theudas" + +# in the days of the census + +"during the time of the census" + +# drew away some people after him + +This means that he persuaded some people to rebel with him against the Roman government. AT: "caused many people to follow him" or "caused many people to join him in rebellion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/38.md b/act/05/38.md index 7c8a18ef8e..e1e856eec0 100644 --- a/act/05/38.md +++ b/act/05/38.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] +Gamaliel finishes addressing the council members. Though they beat the apostles, command them not to teach about Jesus, and let them go, the disciples continue to teach and preach. -## translationNotes +# keep away from these men and let them alone -* Gamaliel continues the advice that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:05:35]]. +Gamaliel is telling the Jewish leaders no to punish the apostles any more or to put them back in jail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# if this plan or work is of men + +"if men have devised this plan or are doing this work" + +# it will be overthrown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will overthrow it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if it is of God + +Here the word "it" refers to "this plan or work." AT: "if God has devised this plan or commanded these men to do this work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# So they were persuaded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So Gamaliel persuaded them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/40.md b/act/05/40.md index ff294a4c69..e719ec301a 100644 --- a/act/05/40.md +++ b/act/05/40.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Here first word "they" refers to the council members. The rest of the words "them," "They," and "they" refer to the apostles. -## translationNotes +# they called the apostles in and beat them -* **council** - This was the most important Jewish Council, which was also known as the Sanhedrin. -* **counted worthy** - It was a privilege to suffer disgrace for Jesus. +The council members would have ordered the temple guards to do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to speak in the name of Jesus + +Here "name" refers to the authority of Jesus. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 4:18](../04/15.md). AT: "to speak anymore in the authority of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they were counted worthy to suffer dishonor for the Name + +The apostles rejoiced because God had honored them by letting the Jewish leaders dishonor them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God had counted them worthy to suffer dishonor for the Name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the Name + +Here "the Name" refers to Jesus. AT: "for Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Thereafter every day + +"After that day, every day." This phrase marks what the apostles did every day through the following days. + +# in the temple and from house to house + +They did not go into the temple building where only the priests went. AT: "in the temple courtyard and in different people's houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/intro.md b/act/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d43b6afc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Acts 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit" ##### +This is a theologically difficult phrase. Satan controlled the hearts of Ananias and Sapphira. Scholars have debated whether these two were Christians or non-Christians. The meaning of "filled" can be translated as "completely controlled" or simply "controlled" or "guided." This will affect one's interpretation of this verse. + +##### Jail ##### +The Jewish council had the responsibility of maintaining order in Israel as well as administering justice. Apparently, they had the ability to put people in prison to maintain peace. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/01.md b/act/06/01.md index 7022f20422..1531efdee0 100644 --- a/act/06/01.md +++ b/act/06/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story. Luke gives important background information to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Now in these days -* **Now in these days** - This is introducing a new episode. You will need to consider how you start new episodes in your language. -* **disciple** - Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. -* **multiplying ** - "greatly increasing" -* **Grecian Jews** - These were Jews who had lived most of their lives somewhere in the Roman Empire outside of Israel, and had grown up speaking Greek. Their language and culture were somewhat different from those who had grown up in Israel. -* **the Hebrews** - These were Jews who had grown up in Israel speaking Aramaic. The church consisted of only Jews and converts to Judaism so far. -* **widow** - A true widow was a woman whose husband had died, was too old to get married again, and did not have any relatives to care for her. -* **daily distribution of food** - The money that was being given to the apostles was used in part to buy food for the early church widows. -* **being overlooked** - "being ignored" or "being forgotten". There were so many who needed help that some were missed. +Consider how new parts of a story are introduced in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# multiplying + +"greatly increasing" + +# Grecian Jews + +These were Jews who had lived most of their lives somewhere in the Roman Empire outside of Israel, and had grown up speaking Greek. Their language and culture were somewhat different from those who had grown up in Israel. + +# the Hebrews + +These were Jews who had grown up in Israel speaking Hebrew or Aramaic. The church consisted of only Jews and converts to Judaism so far. + +# widows + +women whose husband has died + +# their widows were being overlooked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Hebrew believers were overlooking the Grecian widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# being overlooked + +"being ignored" or "being forgotten." There were so many who needed help that some were missed. + +# daily distribution of food + +The money that was being given to the apostles was used in part to buy food for the early church widows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/02.md b/act/06/02.md index d85d9e619f..8495608d3e 100644 --- a/act/06/02.md +++ b/act/06/02.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Spirit]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here the word "you" refers to the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **disciple** - Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. -* **serve tables** - This is metonymy for serving food to the people. (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and of wisdom** - Possible meanings are 1) the men have three qualities -- a good reputation, being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom, or 2) the men have a reputation for two qualities-- being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom (UDB). -* **good reputation** - “men that people know are good” or “men whom people trust” -* **us...we** - where applicable, use the exclusive form in your language. -* **you** - where applicable, use the plural form in your language. +The words "us" and "we" here refer to the 12 apostles. Where applicable, use the exclusive form in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# The twelve + +This refers to the eleven apostles plus Matthias, who was selected in [Acts 1:26](../01/24.md). + +# the multitude of the disciples + +"all of the disciples" or "all the believers" + +# give up the word of God + +This is an exaggeration in order to emphasize the importance of their task of teaching the word of God. AT: "stop preaching and teaching the word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# serve tables + +This is a phrase meaning to serve food to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and of wisdom + +Possible meanings are 1) the men have three qualities—a good reputation, being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom or 2) the men have a reputation for two qualities—being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom . + +# men of good reputation + +"men that people know are good" or "men whom people trust" + +# over this business + +"to be responsible to do this task" + +# the ministry of the word + +It may be helpful to add more information. AT: "the ministry of teaching and preaching the word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/05.md b/act/06/05.md index 2d5707edd2..570d97965d 100644 --- a/act/06/05.md +++ b/act/06/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Their speech pleased the whole multitude -* [[en:tw:Stephen]] -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +"All the disciples liked their suggestion" -## translationNotes +# Stephen ... and Nicolaus -* **Their speech pleased** - Their speech was accepted -* **Stephen…and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a proselyte from Antioch - ** - ** These are Greek names, and suggest that the men elected were mostly or entirely from the Grecian Jewish group of believers. -* **proselyte** - a Gentile who converted to the Jewish religion -* **placed their hands upon them** - giving a blessing and imparting responsibility and authority to the work of the seven +These are Greek names, and suggest that all of the men elected were from the Grecian Jewish group of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# proselyte + +a Gentile who converted to the Jewish religion + +# placed their hands upon them + +This represented giving a blessing and imparting responsibility and authority for the work to the seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/07.md b/act/06/07.md index 891c8efaca..ee8e66c21f 100644 --- a/act/06/07.md +++ b/act/06/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This verse gives an update on the church's growth. -## translationNotes +# word of God continued to spread -* **word of God increased** - Its impact became more wide spread -* **of the disciples ** - of whose who obeyed and followed Jesus -* **obedient to the faith** - "followed the way of the new belief" +This speaks of the growing number of people who believed the word as if the word of God was increasing. AT: "the number of people who believed the word of God increased" + +# became obedient to the faith + +"followed the teaching of the new belief" + +# the faith + +Possible meanings are 1) the gospel message of trust in Jesus or 2) the teaching of the church or 3) the Christian teaching. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/08.md b/act/06/08.md index d2196cf313..1e795ced99 100644 --- a/act/06/08.md +++ b/act/06/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:cilicia]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:stephen]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **synagogue of the Freedmen** - slaves from these different locations. It is unclear if the other people listed were part of the synagogue or just participated in the debate with Stephen. -* **debating with Stephen ** - "arguing with Stephen" (UDB) or "discussing with Stephen" +These verses give background information about Stephen and other people that is important to understanding the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now Stephen + +This introduces Stephen as the main character in this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# Stephen, full of grace and power, was doing + +The words "grace" and "power" here refer to power from God. This could be stated explicitly. AT: "God was giving Stephen power to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# synagogue of the Freedmen + +"Freedmen" were probably ex-slaves from these different locations. It is unclear if the other people listed were part of the synagogue or just participated in the debate with Stephen. + +# debating with Stephen + +"arguing with Stephen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/10.md b/act/06/10.md index 53dffde8dd..bf40a37cd8 100644 --- a/act/06/10.md +++ b/act/06/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:stephen]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The background information that began in [Acts 6:8](./08.md) continues through verse 10. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **not able to stand** - "could not argue against" -* **Spirit** - "Holy Spirit" -* **secretly persuaded** - "secretly convinced" -* **blasphemous words** - This can be translated as, "words against the law of God and Moses." +Here the word "We" refers only to the men they persuaded to lie. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# General Information: + +The word "they" refers back to the people from the synagogue of the freemen in [Acts 6:9](./08.md). + +# not able to stand against + +This phrase means they could not prove false what he said. AT: "could not argue against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Spirit + +"Holy Spirit" + +# some men to say + +They were given money to give false testimony. AT: "some men to lie and say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# blasphemous words against + +"bad things about" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/12.md b/act/06/12.md index f071594697..c81dd739db 100644 --- a/act/06/12.md +++ b/act/06/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:stephen]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Each use of word "they" most likely refers back to the people from the synagogue of the Freedmen in [Acts 6:9](./08.md). They were responsible for the false witnesses and for inciting the council, the elders, the scribes, and the other people. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **incited the people** - stirred the people up to be angry -* **seized** - "grabbed" -* **council** - This was the most important Jewish Council, which was called the Sanhedrin. -* **fixed their eyes on him** - "looked intently at him". This is an idiom for "staring at him." (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **was like the face of an angel -** - ** This is a simile like comparison with the point of similarity likely being "shining" which is not mentioned. It could be translated as "was shining like the face of an angel" (UDB). (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here the word "we" refers only to the false witness that they brought to testify. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes + +"caused the people, the elders, and the scribes to be very angry at Stephen" + +# seized + +"grabbed" + +# does not stop speaking + +"continually speaks" + +# handed down to us + +The phrase "handed down" means "passed on." AT: "taught our ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fixed their eyes on him + +This is an idiom that means they looked intently at him. Here "eyes" is a metonym for sight. AT: "looked intently at him" or "stared at him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# was like the face of an angel + +This phrase compares his face to that of an angel but does not say specifically what they have in common. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/intro.md b/act/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4a38b96ff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Acts 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Favoritism ##### +There was priority given to those in need based on where they were from. The Jewish widows (who were probably Jewish Christians) from Israel were given priority over the Jewish widows (who were probably Jewish Christians) from Greece. + +##### Deacons ##### +The church establishes leaders to serve over the practical needs of the church. This is probably the practice that lead to the formation of the office of deacon, described elsewhere in the New Testament. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "His face was like the face of an angel" ##### +All cultures have different images associated with angels. It is important to avoid these connotations present in the background of the translator's culture. It is possible that his face was "shining" like an angel; regardless, it is probably an indication of his holiness or righteousness in the midst of this trial. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] or [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/01.md b/act/07/01.md index 7c038c0159..4ced560539 100644 --- a/act/07/01.md +++ b/act/07/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:haran]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:mesopotamia]] -* [[en:tw:promisedland]] -* [[en:tw:stephen]] +The part of the story about Stephen, which began in [Acts 6:8](../06/08.md), continues. Stephen begins his response to the high priest and the council by talking about things that happened in Israel's history. Most of this history comes from Moses' writings. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Brothers and fathers, listen to me** - Stephen was being very repectful to the counsel in greeting them as extended family. -* **our father** - Stephen was including his audience in reference to "our father Abraham" -* **Leave your Land and your relatives** - "your" is referring to Abraham (singular). +The word "our" includes both Steven, the Jewish council to whom he spoke, and the entire audience. The word "your" is singular refers to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Brothers and fathers, listen to me + +Stephen was being very respectful to the council in greeting them as extended family. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/04.md b/act/07/04.md index 3401bc86d4..8186975e89 100644 --- a/act/07/04.md +++ b/act/07/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:haran]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:promisedland]] +In verse 4 the words "he," "his," and "him" refer to Abraham. In verse 5 the words "He" and "he" refer to God, but the word "him" refers to Abraham. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **Where you live now** - "You" is the Jewish counsel and audience. -* **as a possession to him** - That the land will forever belong to Abraham. +Here the word "you" refers to the Jewish council and audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# He gave none of it + +"He did not give any of it" + +# enough to set a foot on + +Possible meanings for this phrase are 1) enough ground to stand on or 2) enough ground to take a step. AT: "a very tiny piece of ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as a possession to him and to his descendants after him + +"for Abraham to own and to give to his descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/06.md b/act/07/06.md index 2dafd826fb..79b17bd7e6 100644 --- a/act/07/06.md +++ b/act/07/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# God was speaking to him like this -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:patriarchs]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +It may be helpful to state that this occurred later than the statement in the previous verse. AT: "Later God told Abraham" -## translationNotes +# four hundred years -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **to which they will be slaves - ** - **"to which your descendants will be slaves" -* **so Abraham became the father of Isaac…** - The story transitions to Abraham's descendents. +"400 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# I will judge the nation + +"nation" refers to the people in it. AT: "I will judge the people of the nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nation that they serve + +"the nation that they will serve" + +# gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision + +The Jews would have understood that this covenant required Abraham to circumcise the males of his family. AT: "made a covenant with Abraham to circumcise the males of his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so Abraham became the father of Isaac + +The story transitions to Abraham's descendants. + +# Jacob the father + +"Jacob became the father." Stephen shortened this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/09.md b/act/07/09.md index bf31f5bf09..cd8552383a 100644 --- a/act/07/09.md +++ b/act/07/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the patriarchs -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:patriarchs]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +"Jacob's older sons" or "Joseph's older brothers" -## translationNotes +# sold him into Egypt -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **The patriarchs** - "Jacob's older sons" or "Joseph's older brothers" +The Jews knew their ancestors sold Joseph to be a slave in Egypt. AT: "sold him as a slave in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# was with him + +This is an idiom for helping someone. AT: "helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# over Egypt + +This refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "over all the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all his household + +This refers to all his possessions. AT: "everything he owned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/11.md b/act/07/11.md index 6bc45925ff..53eac369bf 100644 --- a/act/07/11.md +++ b/act/07/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# there came a famine -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +"a famine came." The ground stopped producing food. -## translationNotes +# our fathers -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **there came a famine** - "a famine came". The ground stopped producing food. -* **our forefathers** - "Joseph's older brothers" -* **grain** - This could also be translated as "food." -* **showed himself** - Joseph revealed to his brothers his identity as their brother. +This refers Jacob and his sons, who were the ancestors of the Jewish people. + +# grain + +Grain was the most common food at that time. + +# our fathers ... his brothers + +Both of these phrases refer to Joseph's older brothers. The UDB makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# On their second trip + +"On their next trip" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# made himself known + +Joseph revealed to his brothers his identity as their brother. + +# Joseph's family became known to Pharaoh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Pharaoh learned that they were Joseph's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/14.md b/act/07/14.md index 179ef7b36f..817ee821cd 100644 --- a/act/07/14.md +++ b/act/07/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# sent his brothers back -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hamor]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"sent his brothers back to Canaan" or "sent his brothers back home" -## translationNotes +# he died -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **himself and our forefathers** - "Jacob and his sons, our forefathers" -* **They were carried over to** - "Jacob's descendants carried Jacob's body and his son's bodies over to" (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for a price of silver** - with money +Make sure it does not sound as though he died as soon as he arrived in Egypt. AT: "eventually Jacob died" + +# he and our fathers + +"Jacob and his sons who became our ancestors" + +# They were carried over ... and laid + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jacob's descendants carried Jacob's body and his son's bodies over ... and buried them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for a price in silver + +"with money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/17.md b/act/07/17.md index 9f9750fb69..c0d816ab38 100644 --- a/act/07/17.md +++ b/act/07/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +The word "our" includes Stephen and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# As the time of the promise ... the people grew and multiplied -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **time of the promise** - It was close to the time that God would fulfill his promise to Abraham. -* **who did not know about Joseph** - This is metonymy. "Joseph" was substituted for "Joseph greatly helping the people of Egypt." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **our people** - "Our" includes Stephen and his audience. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **ill-treated** - treated** - "treated poorly" or “took advantage of" -* **throw out their infants** - To abandon their infants so that the infants would die +In some languages it may be helpful to say that the people increased in number before saying that the time of the promise arrived. + +# time of the promise approached + +It was close to the time that God would fulfill his promise to Abraham. + +# there arose another king + +"another king began to rule" + +# over Egypt + +"Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who did not know about Joseph + +"Joseph" refers to the reputation of Joseph. AT: "who did not know that Joseph had helped Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# treated our fathers so badly + +"treated our ancestors so poorly" or "took advantage of our ancestors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/20.md b/act/07/20.md index bf419e4e33..3f6ac96886 100644 --- a/act/07/20.md +++ b/act/07/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# At that time Moses was born -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +This introduces Moses into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# very beautiful before God -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **At that time** - This is an expression to introduce a new person, Moses. -* **very beautiful before God** - "before God" is a superlative for stating Moses was exceedingly beautiful. -* **When he was thrown out** - "when he was thrown out according to Pharaoh's command" was understood. -* **took him over ** - "adopted him" (probably unofficially) -* **as her own son** - "as if he were her own son" +This phrase is an idiom that means Moses was very beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# was nourished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his parents nourished him" or "his parents cared for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When he was placed outside + +Moses was "placed outside" because of Pharaoh's command. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When his parents placed him outside" or "When they abandoned him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as her own son + +"as if he were her own son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/22.md b/act/07/22.md index d8501f7395..a301a62d8b 100644 --- a/act/07/22.md +++ b/act/07/22.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses was educated -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Egyptians educated Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# all the wisdom of the Egyptians -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **Moses was educated** - "the Egyptians educated Moses". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all the learning of the Egyptians** - This is an exaggeration for "many things that the Egyptians knew." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **mighty in his words and works ** - "effective in action and speech", or "powerful in words and actions" (UDB), or "influential in what he did and said" -* **visit his brothers** - To investigate their living conditions -* **striking the Egyptian** - Moses hit the Egyptian so hard that he died. -* **he thought** - He imagined -* **by his hand ** - through him -* **was rescuing them** - This could also be translated, "was rescuing them right then." +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that he was trained in the best schools in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# mighty in his words and works + +"effective in his speech and actions" or "influential in what he said and did" + +# it came into his heart + +"he thought about and decided." This is an idiom that means "he decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# visit his brothers, the children of Israel + +This refers to his people, and not just to his family. AT: "see how his own people, the children of Israel, were doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Seeing an Israelite being mistreated ... the Egyptian + +This can be stated in active form by rearranging the order. AT: "Seeing an Egyptian mistreating an Israelite, Moses defended and avenged the Israelite by striking the Egyptian who was oppressing him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# striking the Egyptian + +Moses hit the Egyptian so hard that he died. + +# he thought + +"he imagined" + +# by his hand was rescuing them + +Here "hand" refers to the actions of Moses. AT: "was rescuing them through what Moses was doing" or "was using the actions of Moses to rescue them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/26.md b/act/07/26.md index d2f198ed5a..3167a86b12 100644 --- a/act/07/26.md +++ b/act/07/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Here the word "us" refers to the Israelites but does not include Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# some Israelites -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **Sirs, you are brothers** - This is addressing the two israelites fighting. -* **wronged** - To wrong someone is to treat that person unjustly or dishonestly. -* **Who made you a ruler and a judge over us? ** - This a rhetorical question was used to rebuke Moses. It means “You have no authority over us!” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **judge over us? ** - The Israelite excluded Moses as part of them. +The audience would have known from the account in Exodus that these were two men, but Stephen does not specify that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# put them at peace with each other + +"make them stop fighting" + +# Men, you are brothers + +Moses was addressing the Israelites who were fighting. + +# why are you hurting one another? + +Moses asked this question to encourage them to stop fighting. AT: "you should not hurt each other!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who made you a ruler and a judge over us? + +The man used this question to rebuke Moses. AT: "You have no authority over us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Would you like to kill me, as you killed the Egyptian yesterday? + +The man used this question to warn Moses that he and probably others knew Moses had killed the Egyptian. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/29.md b/act/07/29.md index 4f446e9cf7..d12bce6e42 100644 --- a/act/07/29.md +++ b/act/07/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] +Stephen's audience already knew that Moses had married a Midianite woman when he fled Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# after hearing this -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **after hearing this** - The implied information is, "Moses heard that the Israelites knew he killed an Egyptian the day before." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **father of two sons** - Stephen's audience already knew "Moses married a Midianite woman." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **When forty years were past** - "When Forty years past after Moses fled Egypt". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The implied information is that Moses understood that the Israelites knew that he had killed an Egyptian the day before ([Acts 7:28](./26.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When forty years were past + +"After 40 years passed." This was the amount of time Moses had been in Midian. AT: "Forty years after Moses fled from Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# an angel appeared + +Stephen's audience knew that God spoke through the angel. The UDB makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/31.md b/act/07/31.md index f72b91185c..da1843d19d 100644 --- a/act/07/31.md +++ b/act/07/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he marveled at the sight -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Moses was surprised that the bush was not burning up in the fire. This was previously known by Stephen's audience. AT: "because the bush was not burning up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# as he approached to look at it ... Moses trembled and did not dare to look -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **he marvelled at the sight** - Moses was surprised that the bush was not burning up in the fire. This was previously known by Stephen's audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **as he approached to look at it…trembled and did not dare to look ** - This may mean Moses initially drew close to the bush to investigate but then drew back in fear. -* **trembled** - Moses shook from fear. +This may mean Moses initially drew close to the bush to investigate, but then drew back in fear when he heard the voice. + +# I am the God of your fathers + +"I am the God whom your ancestors worshiped" + +# Moses trembled + +Moses shook from fear. This can be made clear. AT: "Moses trembled with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/33.md b/act/07/33.md index 8233b3376c..82ed789fe3 100644 --- a/act/07/33.md +++ b/act/07/33.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Take off the sandals -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +God told Moses this so he would honor God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# for the place where you are standing is holy ground -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **for the place you are standing on is holy ground** - The implied information is that where God is present, the immediate area around God is considered or made holy by God. (See :[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **certainly seen** - adds emphasis to "seen" -* **my people** - The descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob -* **I have come down** - will personally see to their release +The implied information is that where God is present, the immediate area around God is considered or made holy by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# certainly seen + +"seen for sure." The word certainly adds emphasis to seen. + +# my people + +The word "my" emphasizes that these people belonged to God. AT: "the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob" + +# I have come down to rescue them + +"will personally cause their release" + +# now come + +"get ready." God uses an order here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/35.md b/act/07/35.md index 5808943bd2..7e609dfc2a 100644 --- a/act/07/35.md +++ b/act/07/35.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Verses 35-38 contains a series of connected phrases referring to Moses. Each phrase begins with statements such as "This Moses" or "This same Moses" or "This is the man" or "It is the same Moses." If possible, use similar statements to emphasize Moses. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* 38 contains a series of connected phrases referring to Moses. Each phrase begins with statements such as "This Moses" or "This same Moses" or "This is the man" or "It is the same Moses." If possible, use similar statements to emphasize Moses. -* **This Moses whom they rejected** - This refers back to the events recorded in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:26]]. -* **Who made you a ruler and a judge?** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:26]]. -* **as a ruler and deliverer** - "to rule over them and to free them from being slaves" -* **by the hand of the angel** - "by means of the angel" -* **during forty years** - "during the forty years that the Israelite people lived in the wilderness" (UDB) -* **from among your brothers** - "from among your own people" (UDB) +After the Israelites left Egypt, they spent 40 years wandering around the wilderness before God led them into the land he had promised them. + +# This Moses whom they rejected + +This refers back to the events recorded in [Acts 7:27-28](./26.md). + +# Who made you a ruler and a judge? + +This question was used to rebuke Moses. See how you translated this rhetorical question in [Acts 7:27](./26.md). AT: "You have no authority over us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a ruler and deliverer + +"to rule over them and to free them from being slaves" + +# by the hand of the angel ... bush + +The hand is a metonym for the action performed by the person. In this case, the angel had commanded Moses to return to Egypt. Stephen speaks as if the angel had a physical hand. You may need to make explicit what action the angel did. AT: "by the action of the angel" or "by having the angel ... bush command him to return to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# during forty years + +Stephen's audience knew about the forty years the Israelites spent in the wilderness. AT: "during the 40 years that the Israelite people lived in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# raise up a prophet + +"cause another man to be a prophet" + +# from among your brothers + +"from among your own people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/38.md b/act/07/38.md index 0d9a9c169f..8415ec9522 100644 --- a/act/07/38.md +++ b/act/07/38.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] +The quotation in verse 40 is from the writings of Moses. -## translationNotes +# This is the man who was in the assembly -* Stephen discusses Moses in his defense before the Jewish council. -* **This is the man who was in the assembly** - "This is the man Moses who was among the Israelites" (UDB) -* **this is the man who received living words to give us** - This could be translated in active form as "this is the man to whom God spoke living words to give to us." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **living words** - Possible meanings are 1) "a message that endures" or 2) "words that give life." -* **pushed him away from themselves** - This metaphor emphasizes their rejection of Moses. It can be translated as "they rejected him as their leader" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **At that time** - "When they decided to return to Egypt" +"This is the man Moses who was among the Israelites" + +# This is the man + +The phrase "This is the man" throughout this passage refers to Moses. + +# this is the man who received living words to give to us + +God was the one who gave those words. AT: "this is the man to whom God spoke living words to give to us" + +# living words + +Possible meanings are 1) "a message that endures" or 2) "words that give life." + +# pushed him away from themselves + +This metaphor emphasizes their rejection of Moses. AT: "they rejected him as their leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in their hearts they turned back + +To do something in the heart is a metonym for desiring to to something. AT: "they desired to turn back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# At that time + +"When they decided to return to Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/41.md b/act/07/41.md index 32097f4b91..3fc9decb08 100644 --- a/act/07/41.md +++ b/act/07/41.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Stephen's quotation here is from the prophet Amos. -## translationNotes +# they made a calf -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **they made a calf** - "they made a statue that looked like a calf" -* **to serve the host of heaven** - "to serve the lights in the sky" -* **O house of Israel** - This is a metonym for the whole nation of Israel. (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Did you offer to me slain beasts and sacrifices …** - This is a rhetorical question stating that their sacrifices were not offerings to God. This can be translated as "You did not offer to me slain beasts and sacrifices …." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Stephen's audience knew the calf they made was a statue. AT: "they made a statue that looked like a calf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a calf ... the idol ... the work of their hands + +These phrases all refer to the same statue of the calf. + +# God turned + +"God turned away." This action expresses that God was not pleased with the people and no longer helped them. AT: "God stopped correcting them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# gave them up + +"abandoned them" + +# the stars in the sky + +Possible meanings for the original phrase are 1) the stars only or 2) the sun, moon, and stars. + +# the book of the prophets + +This was apparently a collection of the writings of several of the Old Testament prophets into one scroll. It would also have included the writings of Amo. + +# Did you offer to me slain beasts and sacrifices ... Israel? + +God asked this question to show Israel they did not worship Him with their sacrifices. AT: "You did not honor me when you offered slain beasts and sacrifices ... Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# house of Israel + +This refers to the whole nation of Israel. AT: "all you Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/43.md b/act/07/43.md index 0916256af6..4e5a3d6501 100644 --- a/act/07/43.md +++ b/act/07/43.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:molech]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Stephen continues his response to the high priest and the council which he began in [Acts 7:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* 27]] that he started in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:41]]. -* **tabernacle of Molech** - The tabernacle or tent that housed the false god Molech -* **the star of the god Rephan** - the star that is identified to the false god Rephan -* **Images that you made** - They made statues or images of the gods Molech and Rephan for the purpose to worship them. -* **I will carry you away beyond Babylon** - "I will remove you to Babylon" +The quotation from the prophet Amos continues here. + +# You accepted + +It is implied that they took these idols with them as they traveled in the wilderness. AT: "you carried with you from place to place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tabernacle of Molech + +the tent that housed the false god Molech + +# the star of the god Rephan + +the star that is identified with the false god Rephan + +# the images that you made + +They made statues or images of the gods Molech and Rephan in order to worship them. + +# I will carry you away beyond Babylon + +"I will remove you to places even farther than Babylon." This would be God's act of judgment. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/44.md b/act/07/44.md index 5d419c5f85..4a1562b199 100644 --- a/act/07/44.md +++ b/act/07/44.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the tabernacle of the testimony -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:promisedland]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +The tent that housed the ark (a box) with the 10 commandments carved in stone inside it -## translationNotes +# our fathers, under Joshua, received the tabernacle and brought it with them -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **tabernacle of the testimony** - The tent that housed the ark (a box) with the 10 commandments carved in stone inside it -* **possession of the nations** - This would include the land, buildings, crops, animals and all the possessions of the nations Israel was conquering. -* **It was like this until the days of David** - The Ark remained in a tent up to and including the time of David, king of Israel. -* **a dwelling place for the God of Jacob** - David wanted the Ark to reside in Jerusalem, not in a tent wandering around Israel. +The phrase "under Joshua" means that their ancestors did these things in obedience to Joshua's direction. AT: "our fathers, in accordance with Joshua's instructions, received the tabernacle and brought it with them" + +# God took the land from the nations and drove them out before the face of our fathers + +This sentence tells why the ancestors were able to take possession of the land. AT: "God forced the nations to leave the land before the face of our fathers" + +# God took the land ... before the face of our fathers + +Here "the face of our fathers" refers to the presence of their ancestors. Possible meanings are 1) "As our ancestors watched, God took the land from the nations and drove them out" or 2) "When our ancestors came, God took the land from the nations and drove them out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations + +This refers to the people who lived in the land before Israel. AT: "the people who previously lived here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# drove them out + +"forced them to leave the land" + +# a dwelling place for the God of Jacob + +"a house for the ark where the God of Jacob could stay." David wanted a permanent place for the ark to reside in Jerusalem, not in a tent. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/47.md b/act/07/47.md index d2c3b836db..5936523983 100644 --- a/act/07/47.md +++ b/act/07/47.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +In verses 49 and 50, Stephen quotes from the prophet Isaiah. In the quotation, God is speaking about himself. -## translationNotes +# made with hands -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **made with hands** - This is synecdoche for "made by people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Heaven is my throne…earth the footstool for my feet** - The prophet is comparing God's presence being so great that whole universe is his throne with how impossible it is for man to build a place for God to rest on earth since the whole earth is nothing but a mere footstool to Him. -* **What kind of house can you build for me?** - This is a rhetorical question for "You can not build a house adequate enough for me!" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **where is the place for my rest?** - "There is no place of rest good enough for me!" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did not my hand make all these things? ** - This is a rhetorical question for "My hand made all these things!" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "made by people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Heaven is my throne ... the earth is the footstool for my feet + +The prophet is comparing the greatness of God's presence to how impossible it is for man to build a place for God to rest on earth since the whole earth is nothing but a place for God to rest his feet. + +# What kind of house can you build for me? + +God asks this question to show how useless man's efforts are to take care of God. AT: "You can not build a house adequate enough for me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what is the place for my rest? + +God asks this question to show man that he cannot provide God any rest. AT: "There is no place of rest good enough for me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did my hand not make all these things? + +God asks this question to show that man did not create anything. AT: "My hand made all these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/51.md b/act/07/51.md index f3f6ed5045..a25c32995d 100644 --- a/act/07/51.md +++ b/act/07/51.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] +With a sharp rebuke, Stephen finishes his response to the high priest and the council which he began in [Acts 7:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# You people who are stiff-necked -* Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:act:07:01]]. -* **You people who are stiff-necked…** - necked…** - Stephen shifted from identifying with the Jewish leaders to rebuking them. -* **uncircumcised in heart** - "disobedient in heart". Stephen may have been comparing them to the Gentiles, which they would have understood as an insult. -* **Which of the prophets did your forefathers not persecute?** - This is a rhetorical question where Stephen was rebuking them. Can be translated as, "Your forefathers persecuted every prophet!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Righteous One** - This refers to the Christ, the Messiah. -* **murderers of him** - "murderers of the Righteous One" or "murderers of the Christ" +Stephen shifted from identifying with the Jewish leaders to rebuking them. + +# stiff-necked + +This does not mean their necks were stiff but rather that they were "stubborn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# uncircumcised in heart and ears + +The Jews regarded uncircumcised people as disobedient to God. Stephen uses "hearts and ears" to represent to the Jewish leaders who acted the way Gentiles act when they do not obey or listen to God. AT: "you refuse to obey and hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? + +Stephen asked this question to show them that they learned nothing from the errors of their forefathers. AT: "Your forefathers persecuted every prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Righteous One + +This refers to the Christ, the Messiah. + +# you have now become the betrayers and murderers of him also + +"you have also betrayed and murdered him" + +# murderers of him + +"murderers of the Righteous One" or "murderers of the Christ" + +# the law that angels had established + +"the laws that God caused angels to give to our ancestors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/54.md b/act/07/54.md index 491133548b..846e137618 100644 --- a/act/07/54.md +++ b/act/07/54.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:stephen]] +The council reacts to Stephen's words. -## translationNotes +# Now when the council members heard these things -* **council** - This was the most important Jewish Council, which was called the Sanhedrin. -* **cut to the heart** - This is an idiom for, "overcome by anger." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **heard these things ** - This is the turning point; the sermon ends and the council reacts. -* **ground their teeth ** - This is an idiom for expressing strong anger or hatred. This can be translated as "they became so angry that they ground their teeth together." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **looked…up into heaven** - "Looked…up into the sky". It appears that only Stephen saw this vision and not anyone else in the crowd. -* **he saw Jesus standing** - Note that Jesus was "standing" not "sitting" at the right hand of God. It was an honor when a king would stand to welcome a guest. -* **glory of God** - the glory or majesty of God as light. Translated as, "a bright light from God". -* **Son of Man** - Stephen is identifying Jesus by the title "Son of Man". +This is the turning point; the sermon ends and the council members react. + +# were cut to the heart + +To "cut to the heart" is an idiom for making a person extremely angry. AT: "were extremely angry" or "became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# ground their teeth at Stephen + +This action expressed their strong anger at Stephen or hatred of Stephen. AT: "they became so angry that they ground their teeth together" or "moved their teeth back and forth as they looked at Stephen."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# looked up intently into heaven + +"Stared up into heaven." It appears that only Stephen saw this vision and not anyone else in the crowd. + +# saw the glory of God + +People normally experienced the glory of God as a bright light. AT: "saw a bright light from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# standing at the right hand of God + +The phrase "at the right hand" is an idiom that refers to the place of honor. AT: "standing in the place of honor beside God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of Man + +Stephen refers to Jesus by the title "Son of Man." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/57.md b/act/07/57.md index 9a036811ec..1b7da129a2 100644 --- a/act/07/57.md +++ b/act/07/57.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# covered their ears -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:stephen]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"put their hands on their ears." They did this to show that they did not want to hear any more of what Stephen said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# They dragged him out of the city -* **council** - This was the most important Jewish Council, which was called the Sanhedrin. -* **stopped their ears** - They covered their ears so that they would not hear any more of what Stephen was saying. -* **They threw him out of the city** - "The council members seized Stephen and forcefully took him out of the city" -* **outer clothes** - these are cloaks or robes one would wear outside to stay warm, similar in function to a jacket or coat. -* **at the feet** - "in front of" for the purpose of guarding them +"They seized Stephen and forcefully took him out of the city" + +# outer clothing + +These are cloaks or robes they would wear outside to stay warm, similar in function to a jacket or coat. + +# at the feet + +"in front of." They were placed there so Saul could watch them. + +# a young man + +Saul was probably around 30 years old at the time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/59.md b/act/07/59.md index dd9aaad8d4..ab6c646061 100644 --- a/act/07/59.md +++ b/act/07/59.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:stephen]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +This ends the story of Stephen. -## translationNotes +# receive my spirit -* **receive my spirit** - "take my spirit" -* **fell asleep** - This is a polite expression for "died." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"take my spirit." It may be helpful to add "please" to show that this was a request. AT: "please receive my spirit" + +# He knelt down + +This is an act of submission to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# do not hold this sin against them + +This can be stated in a positive way. AT: "forgive them for this sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# fell asleep + +This is a polite expression that means he "died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/intro.md b/act/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b463692ab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Acts 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:42-43, 49-50, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +It appears that 8:1 is part of the narrative of this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Stephen said" ##### +Stephen retells the history of Israel very briefly. This is something the Jewish council and the high priest would have already known. The climax of the story is Jesus coming as the Messiah of Israel and his rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +##### "Full of the Holy Spirit" ##### +This means "to be completely controlled by the Holy Spirit." In other words, a person is living in total alignment with the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "You act just as your forefathers acted" ##### +Stephen compares the idolatry of the Israelites in history with the leaders' rejection of Jesus, the Messiah. This is a type of metaphor. The phrases "stiff-necked" and "uncircumcised" are also metaphors for the people's sin and lack of understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Foreshadowing ##### +Saul, also known as Paul, is included here to foreshadow the role he will play in the rest of the book of Acts. Here Saul is persecuting Christians. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit Knowledge ##### +This chapter will be very difficult to understand if the book of Genesis has not yet been translated into one's language. In many ways, it summarizes the book of Genesis, with many details left out. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/01.md b/act/08/01.md index 184cac4a56..daaa963026 100644 --- a/act/08/01.md +++ b/act/08/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +The story shifts from Stephen to Saul in these verses. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Saul was in agreement** - Luke shifts the story from Stephen to Saul. You may need to understand how stories transition between key actors in your language. -* **dragged out** - they were taken by force -* **that day** - the day Stephen died -* **the believers were all scattered ** - This is a hyperbole for many or most of the believers living in Jerusalem fled the persecution. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **except the apostles.** - It is implied that the apostles remained in Jerusalem and they did not experience this great persecution. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **devout men** - "God-fearing men" or "men who feared God" -* **made great lamentation ** - "mourned greatly…over him" (UDB) -* **he went into every house ** - This is a hyperbole for Saul entering into many houses. He did not have authority to enter every house in Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **dragged out men and women** - Saul forcefully took Jewish believers out of their home and put them into prison. +It may be helpful to your audience to move these parts of the story about Stephen together by using a verse bridge as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# So there began ... except the apostles + +This part of verse 1 is background information about the persecution that began after Stephen's death. This explains why Saul was persecuting the believers in verse 3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# that day + +This refers to the day that Stephen died. (See: [Acts 7:59-60](../07/59.md)) + +# the believers were all scattered + +The word "all" is a generalization to express that a large number of the believers left Jerusalem because of the persecution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# except the apostles + +This statement implies that the apostles remained in Jerusalem even though they also experienced this great persecution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Devout men + +"God-fearing men" or "Men who feared God" + +# made great lamentation over him + +"greatly mourned his death" + +# dragged out men and women + +Saul forcefully took Jewish believers out of their home and put them into prison. + +# house after house + +"houses one by one" + +# dragged out men and women + +"took away men and women by force" + +# men and women + +This refers to men and women who believed in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/04.md b/act/08/04.md index c171d6bd43..1ca9439c5a 100644 --- a/act/08/04.md +++ b/act/08/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This begins the story of Philip, whom the people had chosen as a deacon. (See: [Acts 6:5](../06/05.md)) -## translationNotes +# who had been scattered -* **who had been scattered…** - "who had been scattered by the great persecution". The cause for the scattering, the persecution, was specified previously. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **the city of Samaria** - It is unclear if the city of Samaria refers to "the city" (ULB) or "a city" (UDB). Suggest translating this as "the city." +The cause for the scattering, the persecution, was stated previously. This can be stated in active form. AT: "who had fled the great persecution and had gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# went down to the city of Samaria + +The phrase "went down" is used here because Samaria is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. + +# the city of Samaria + +Possible meanings are 1) Luke expected the readers to know which city he was writing about. AT: "the main city in Samaria" or 2) Luke did not expect his readers to know which city he was writing about. AT: "a city in Samaria" + +# proclaimed to them the Christ + +The title "Christ" refers to Jesus, the Messiah. AT: "told them that Jesus is the Messiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/06.md b/act/08/06.md index 1ad40eecce..1dcff730f1 100644 --- a/act/08/06.md +++ b/act/08/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When multitudes of people -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +"When many people in the city of Samaria." The location was specified previously. (See: [Acts 8:5](./04.md)) -## translationNotes +# they paid attention -* **When multitudes of people...** - "When multitudes of people the from the city of Samaria". The location was specified previously. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* ** they paid attention** - The reason people paid attention was because of all the healing Philip did. This should be understood. -* **And there was much joy ** - People were rejoicing as a result of the healings Philip performed. +The reason people paid attention was because of all the healing Philip did. + +# who were possessed + +"who had them" or "who were controlled by unclean spirits" + +# So there was much joy in that city + +The phrase "that city" refers to the people who were rejoicing. AT: "So the people of the city were rejoicing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/09.md b/act/08/09.md index 3689949413..5fd7af3173 100644 --- a/act/08/09.md +++ b/act/08/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] +Simon is introduced to the story of Philip. Verses 9 to 11 are background information about Simon and who he was among the Samaritans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# But there was a certain man ... named Simon -* **but there was a certain man ** - "a certain man…named Simon" is a way of introducing a new person into the story. You need to be aware of how new people are introduced in your language. (See: [[en:ta:workbench:discourse:home]]) -* **the city** - "the city in Samaria" -* **all the Samaritans ** - This is a hyperbole for "many of the Samaritans in the city." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **This man is that power of God which is called Great** - People were saying that Simon is the divine power known as The Great Power. +This is a way of introducing a new person into the story. Your language may use different wording to introduce a new person into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# the city + +"the city in Samaria" (See: [Acts 8:5](./04.md)) + +# All the Samaritans + +The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "Many of the Samaritans" or "The Samaritans in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# from the least to the greatest + +These two phrases refer to everyone from one extreme to the other. AT: "no matter how important they were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# This man is that power of God which is called Great + +People were saying that Simon was the divine power known as "The Great Power." + +# that power of God which is called Great + +Possible meanings are 1) the powerful representative of God or 2) God or 3) the most powerful man or 4) and angel. Since the term is unclear, it may be best to simply translate it as "the Great power of God" . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/12.md b/act/08/12.md index 83fd4a5ae6..723ba68a93 100644 --- a/act/08/12.md +++ b/act/08/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +These verses give more information about Simon and some of the Samaritans coming to believe in Jesus. -## translationNotes +# they were baptized -* **they were baptized ** - Philip baptized the new believers. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when he saw signs and great miracles done, he was amazed** - "Simon was amazed when he saw Philip doing signs and great miracles." (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Philip baptized them" or "Philip baptized the new believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Simon himself believed + +The word "himself" is here used to emphasize that Simon believed. AT: "Simon was also one of those who believed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# he was baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Philip baptized Simon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When he saw signs + +This could begin a new sentence. AT: "When he saw" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/14.md b/act/08/14.md index bc469c2066..63b3e3143f 100644 --- a/act/08/14.md +++ b/act/08/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Luke continues the news of what was happening in Samaria. -## translationNotes +# Now when the apostles in Jerusalem heard -* **Samaria ** - This is synecdoche for many people throughout Samaria district (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **When they had come down** - "when Peter and John had come down" -* **they prayed for them ** - " Peter and John Prayed for the Samaritan believers" -* **that they might receive the Holy Spirit. ** - "that the Samaritan believers might receive the Holy Spirit" -* **they had only been baptized** - "Philip had only baptized the samaritan believers." (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Then Peter and John placed their hands on them** - That is, the Samaritan people who believed Stephen's message of the gospel. +This marks the beginning of a new part of the story of the Samaritan's becoming believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Samaria + +This refers to the many people, who had become believers, throughout the district of Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# had received + +"had believed" or "had accepted" + +# When they had come down + +"when Peter and John had come down" + +# come down + +This phrase is used here because Samaria is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. + +# they prayed for them + +"Peter and John prayed for the Samaritan believers" + +# that they might receive the Holy Spirit + +"that the Samaritan believers might receive the Holy Spirit" + +# they had only been baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Philip had only baptized the Samaritan believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they had only been baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus + +Here "name" represents authority, and being baptized into his name represents being baptized in order to be under his authority. AT: "they had only been baptized to become disciples of the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Peter and John placed their hands on them + +The word "them" refers to the Samaritan people who believed Stephen's message of the gospel. + +# placed their hands on them + +This symbolic action shows that Peter and John wanted God to give the Holy Spirit to the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/18.md b/act/08/18.md index c3dd01f728..3d9d7be50e 100644 --- a/act/08/18.md +++ b/act/08/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the Holy Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles' hands -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the apostles gave the Holy Spirit by laying their hands on people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# that whoever I place my hands on might receive the Holy Spirit -* **...the Holy Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles' hands...** - "...the apostles gave the Holy Spirit by laying their hands on people..." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that whoever I place my hands on might receive the Holy Spirit.** - "that when I place my hands on people, that they may receive the Holy Spirit" +"that I can give the Holy Spirit to anyone on whom I place my hands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/20.md b/act/08/20.md index 82542047d3..067f428609 100644 --- a/act/08/20.md +++ b/act/08/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Here the words him, your, you, and yours all refer to Simon. -## translationNotes +# May your silver perish along with you -* **him…your…you** - These pronouns all refer to Simon. -* **your heart is not right** - "Your thinking is not right" -* **Gift of God** - The ability to communicate the Holy Spirit through the laying on of hands -* **for what you desired** - "for wanting to buy the ability to give the Holy Spirit to others" -* **poison of bitterness** - a figurative expression for "being extremely envious" (UDB) -* **Bonds of sin** - "prisoner of sin" or "can only do sin" +"May you and your money be destroyed" + +# the gift of God + +Here this refers to the ability to give the Holy Spirit by laying his hands on someone. + +# You have no part or share in this matter + +The words "part" and "share" mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. AT: "You may not participate in this work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your heart is not right + +The word "heart" here refers to his thinking. AT: "Your thinking is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for the intention of your heart + +"for wanting to buy the ability to give the Holy Spirit to others" + +# this wickedness + +"these evil thoughts" + +# he might perhaps forgive + +"he may be willing to forgive" + +# in the poison of bitterness + +This is an idiom that means "extremely envious." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the bonds of sin + +The word "sin" is spoken of as if can restrain him and keep him prisoner. AT: "a prisoner of sin" or "can only sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/24.md b/act/08/24.md index 1c24ce0a53..705f1fd688 100644 --- a/act/08/24.md +++ b/act/08/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Here the word "you" refers to Peter and John. -## translationNotes +# so that nothing you have said may happen to me -* **none of those things which you have spoken** - This refers to Peter's rebuke, "May your silver perish along with you." -* **which you have spoken** - "you" refers to Peter & John. +This can be stated another way. AT: "the things you have said ... may not happen to me" + +# so that nothing you have said may happen to me + +This refers to Peter's rebuke about Simon's silver perishing along with him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/25.md b/act/08/25.md index 0f1ca1f8a0..bd67333cd1 100644 --- a/act/08/25.md +++ b/act/08/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is concludes the part of the story about Simon and the Samaritans. -## translationNotes +# testified -* **born witness** - Peter and John told what they personally knew about Jesus to the Samaritans. -* **Spoken the word of the Lord** - Peter & John explained how the scriptures spoke of Jesus to the Samaritan. -* **…to many villages of the Samaritans ** - "to the people in many Samaritan villages" . (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Peter and John told what they personally knew about Jesus to the Samaritans. + +# spoken the word of the Lord + +Peter and John explained the message about Jesus to the Samaritans. + +# to many villages of the Samaritans + +Here "villages" refers to the people in them. AT: "to the people in many Samaritan villages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/26.md b/act/08/26.md index 90b768e251..10de4cf31f 100644 --- a/act/08/26.md +++ b/act/08/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] +This begins the part of the story about Philip and the man from Ethiopia. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now** - This marks a transition in the story. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a man who was…” -* **eunuch** - The emphasis of "eunuch" here is about the Ethiopian being a high government official, not his physical state of being castrated. -* **Candace** - A title used for the queens of Ethiopia, like that of Pharaoh was used for the kings of Egypt. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **chariot** - "wagon" or "carriage" is more fitting in this context. Chariots are normally mentioned as a vehicle for war, not as a vehicle for long distance travel. -* **reading the prophet Isaiah** - Can be translated as, "reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah". This is the Old Testament book Isaiah. +Verse 27 gives background information about the man from Ethiopia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now + +This marks a transition in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Arise and go + +These verbs work together to emphasize that he should get ready to start a long journey that will take some time. AT: "Get ready to travel" + +# goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza + +The phrase "goes down" is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Gaza. + +# This road is in a desert + +Most scholars believe Luke added this comment to describe the area through which Philip would travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Behold + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# eunuch + +The emphasis of "eunuch" here is about the Ethiopian's being a high government official, not so much his physical state of being castrated. + +# Candace + +This was a title for the queens of Ethiopia. It is similar to the way the word Pharaoh was used for the kings of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He had come to Jerusalem to worship + +This implies that he was a Gentile who believed in God and had come to worship at the Jewish temple. AT: "He had come to worship God at the temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# chariot + +Possibly "wagon" or "carriage" is more fitting in this context. Chariots are normally mentioned as a vehicle for war, not as a vehicle for long-distance travel. Also, people stood to ride in chariots. + +# reading the prophet Isaiah + +This is the Old Testament book Isaiah. AT: "reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/29.md b/act/08/29.md index 734ff6ef02..0911b81ab5 100644 --- a/act/08/29.md +++ b/act/08/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# stay close to this chariot -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Philip understood that this meant he was to stay close to the person riding in the chariot. AT: "accompany the man in this chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# reading Isaiah the prophet -* **Do you understand what you are reading?** - Can be translated as, "Do you understand the meaning of what you are reading?" The Ethiopian could read and was intelligent. This was an issue of spiritual understanding. -* **"How can I, unless someone guides me?"** - This is a rhetorical question for "I can not unless someone guides me." It is used to emphatically stress that he could not understand. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]].) -* **He begged Philip to…sit with him.** - Also implied, Philip agreed to traveled down the road with him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is the Old Testament book Isaiah. AT: "reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do you understand what you are reading? + +The Ethiopian was intelligent and could read, but he lacked spiritual discernment. AT: "Do you understand the meaning of what you are reading?" + +# How can I, unless someone guides me? + +This question was asked to state emphatically that he could not understand without help. AT: "I cannot understand unless someone guides me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He begged Philip to ... sit with him + +It is implied here that Philip agreed to travel down the road with him to explain the scriptures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/32.md b/act/08/32.md index 5227b903c9..bdbdd5fecb 100644 --- a/act/08/32.md +++ b/act/08/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This a passage from the book of Isaiah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **as a lamb before his shearer is silent ** - A shearer is a person who cuts the wool off the sheep so that it may be used. -* **In his humiliation his judgment was taken away** - "He was humiliated and they did not judge him fairly" +Here the words "he" and "his" refer to the Messiah. + +# like a lamb before his shearer is silent + +A shearer is a person who cuts the wool off the sheep so that it may be used. + +# In his humiliation justice was taken away from him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He was humiliated and they did not judge him fairly" or "he allowed himself to be humbled before his accusers and he suffered injustice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Who can fully describe his descendants? + +This question was used to emphasize the he will not have descendants. AT: "No one will be able to speak about his descendant, for there will not be any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his life was taken from the earth + +This referred to his death. It can be stated in active form. AT: "men killed him" or "men took his life from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/34.md b/act/08/34.md index f057305213..901f3f9733 100644 --- a/act/08/34.md +++ b/act/08/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I beg you -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"Please tell me" -## translationNotes +# this scripture -* ** he preached about Jesus to him** - "he taught the good news about Jesus to the eunuch" +This refers to Isaiah's writings in the Old Testament. AT: "in the writings of Isaiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he proclaimed the good news about Jesus to him + +"he taught the good news about Jesus to the eunuch" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/36.md b/act/08/36.md index 0e12e0633b..684aa7943d 100644 --- a/act/08/36.md +++ b/act/08/36.md @@ -1,27 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they went on the road -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:baptize|baptize, baptism]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia|Ethiopia, Ethiopian]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch|eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:philip|Philip, the evangelist]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod|Son of God, the Son]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +"they continued to travel along the road" -## translationNotes +# What prevents me from being baptized? -* **what prevents me from being baptized?** - This is a rhetorical question for "There is nothing preventing you from baptizing me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **verse 37** - This verse was omitted because some of the older, more reliable, ancient texts did not include the verse. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_textvariants]]) +The eunuch uses this question as a way of asking Philip for permission to be baptized. AT: "Please allow me to be baptized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# commanded the chariot to stop + +"told the driver of the chariot to stop" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/39.md b/act/08/39.md index 90b53d90e5..adb8c91704 100644 --- a/act/08/39.md +++ b/act/08/39.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:caughtup]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This is the end of the part of the story about Philip and the man from Ethiopia. The story of Philip ends at Caesarea. -## translationNotes +# the eunuch saw him no more -* **the eunuch saw him no longer** - "the eunuch did not see Philip again" -* **Philip appeared at Azotus.** - There was no indication of Philip travelling between where he met the Ethiopian and Azotus. He just suddenly disappeared along the road to Gaza and reappeared at Azotus. -* **until he came to Caesarea** - The story of Philip ends here at Caesarea. +"the eunuch did not see Philip again" + +# Philip appeared at Azotus + +There was no indication of Philip's traveling between where he baptized the Ethiopian and Azotus. He just suddenly disappeared along the road to Gaza and reappeared at the town of Azotus. + +# that region + +This refers to the area around the town of Azotus. + +# to all the cities + +"to all the cities in that region" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/intro.md b/act/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e40ca6898c --- /dev/null +++ b/act/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Acts 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 8:32-33, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +The first verse appears connected to the narrative of chapter 7 and not the events of Chapter 8. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Receiving the Holy Spirit ##### + +Many scholars believe this events marks the time when the Spirit started to indwell people when they began to believe in Jesus. The Spirit did this in order to assure them and to guide them. Others believe this event gave them the ability to speak in tongues, in addition to indwelling them, but that it is an event that occurs after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Preached the gospel ##### +While "preaching" can take many forms, the general idea in this phrase is that they share the good news that Jesus died and rose again for the sins of man. It is the message and not its presentation that is significant here. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/01.md b/act/09/01.md index ac2b5af082..0f4325c5ec 100644 --- a/act/09/01.md +++ b/act/09/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +The story shifts back to Saul and his salvation. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **But Saul** - The story changes from Philip to Saul. AT: "Meanwhile, Saul" (UDB) -* **still speaking threats even of murder against the disciples** - The noun "murder" can be translated as a verb: "still speaking threats, even to murder the disciples." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **disciple** - Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. -* **asked him for letters** - "asked the high priest for letters of support" -* **if he found…he might bring** - The word 'he' refers to Saul. -* **who belonged to the Way** - "who followed the teachings of Jesus Christ” -* **he might bring them bound to Jerusalem** - "he might take them as prisoners to Jerusalem". Paul's purpose can be made clear by adding "so that the Jewish leaders could judge and punish them" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +These verses give background information telling us what Saul has been doing since the stoning of Stephen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# General Information: + +Here the word "him" refers to the high priest and "he" refers to Saul. + +# still speaking threats even of murder against the disciples + +The noun "murder" can be translated as a verb. AT: "still speaking threats, even to murder the disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for the synagogues + +This refers to the people in the synagogues. AT: "for the people in the synagogues" or "for the leaders in the synagogues" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if he found any + +"when he found anyone" or "if he found anyone" + +# who belonged to the Way + +"who followed the teachings of Jesus Christ" + +# the Way + +This term appears to have been a title for Christianity at that time. + +# he might bring them bound to Jerusalem + +"he might take them as prisoners to Jerusalem." Paul's purpose can be made clear by adding "so that the Jewish leaders could judge and punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/03.md b/act/09/03.md index eb9224b03b..f828c6ded8 100644 --- a/act/09/03.md +++ b/act/09/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] +After the high priest gave Saul the letters, Saul left for Damascus. -## translationNotes +# As he was traveling -* (After the high priest gave Saul the letters, Saul left for Damascus) -* **As he was traveling** - Saul left Jerusalem and is now traveling to Damascus. -* **it happened that** - This is an expression to mark a change in the story, that something different is about to happen. -* **there shone all around him a light out of heaven** - "a light from the sky shone all around him" -* **he fell upon the ground** - It is ambiguous between 1) "Saul threw himself to the ground" or 2) "The light caused him to fall to the ground" or 3) "Saul fell to the ground like one who fainted and fell." Saul did not fall accidentally. -* **why are you persecuting me?** - The Lord was rebuking Saul in the form of a question. It can be translated "You are persecuting me!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Saul left Jerusalem and now travels to Damascus. + +# it happened that + +This is an expression that marks a change in the story to show something different is about to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# there shone all around him a light out of heaven + +"a light from heaven shone all around him" + +# out of heaven + +Possible meanings are 1) heaven, where God lives or 2) the sky. The first meaning is preferable. Use that meaning if your language has a separate word for it. + +# he fell upon the ground + +Possible meanings are that 1) "Saul threw himself to the ground" or 2) "The light caused him to fall to the ground" or 3) "Saul fell to the ground the way one who fainted fell." Saul did not fall accidentally. + +# why are you persecuting me? + +This rhetorical question communicates a rebuke to Saul. In some languages a statement would be more natural (AT): "You are persecuting me!" or a command (AT): "Stop persecuting me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/05.md b/act/09/05.md index d8805ff40a..6ccebe8c72 100644 --- a/act/09/05.md +++ b/act/09/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] +Every occurrence of the word "you" here is singular. -## translationNotes +# Who are you, Lord? -* **"Lord, who are you?** - Saul had not yet come to know Jesus as the Lord. This was a matter of acknowledging that he was in the presence of a greater supernatural power. -* **but rise, enter into the city...** - "get up and go into the city Damascus..." -* **it will be told you** - someone will tell you -* **you...you...you** - These are all singular. -* **but seeing no one** - Only Saul experienced the light. +Saul was not acknowledging that Jesus is the Lord. He uses that title because he understood that he spoke to someone of supernatural power. + +# but rise, enter into the city + +"get up and go into the city Damascus" + +# it will be told you + +This can be stated in the active form. AT: "someone will tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# hearing the voice, but seeing no one + +"they heard the voice, but they did not see anyone" + +# but seeing no one + +"but saw no one." Apparently only Saul experienced the light. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/08.md b/act/09/08.md index bd64f098c1..96d151c672 100644 --- a/act/09/08.md +++ b/act/09/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# when he opened his eyes -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +This implies that he had closed his eyes because the light was too bright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# he could see nothing -* **he could see nothing** - Saul was blind. -* **he neither ate nor drank** - "he choose not to eat or drink" as in "he fasted" or "he was unable to eat or drink" as in "not hungry" +"he could not see anything." Saul was blind. + +# was without sight + +"was blind" or "could not see anything" + +# he neither ate nor drank + +It is not stated whether he chose not to eat or drink as a form of worship, or if he had no appetite because he was too distressed from his situation. It is preferable not to specify the reason. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/10.md b/act/09/10.md index c22aaa0f0e..4161497e78 100644 --- a/act/09/10.md +++ b/act/09/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:tarsus]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +The story of Saul continues but Luke introduces another man named Ananias. This is not the same Ananias who died earlier in Acts [Acts 5:3](../05/03.md). You may translate it the same way though as you did in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now there was** - This begins a new part of the story with the introduction of a new character. -* **disciple** - Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. -* **Ananias** - A disciple of Jesus who obeyed God by going to Saul, and healed Saul by laying his hands on Saul. -* **And he said…"** - "And Ananias said…" -* **house of Judas** - Judas was owner of a house in Damascus where Ananias stayed. Though there are several Judases mentioned in the New Testament, it is likely this is his only appearance. -* **a man from Tarsus** - "a man from the city of Tarsus" +Though there is more than one Judas mentioned in the New Testament, it is likely this is the only appearance of this Judas. + +# Now there was + +This introduces Ananias as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# He said + +"Ananias said" + +# go to the street which is called Straight + +"go to Straight Street" + +# house of Judas + +This Judas is not the disciple who betrayed Jesus. This Judas was owner of a house in Damascus where Saul was staying. + +# a man from Tarsus named Saul + +"a man from the city of Tarsus named Saul" or "Saul of Tarsus" + +# laying his hands on him + +This was a symbol of giving a spiritual blessing to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# he might see again + +"he might regain his ability to see" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/13.md b/act/09/13.md index 34661cb13d..7fc4cf423c 100644 --- a/act/09/13.md +++ b/act/09/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# your holy people -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Here "holy people" refers to Christians. AT: "the people in Jerusalem who believe in you" -## translationNotes +# authority ... to arrest everyone here -* **authority from the chief priests** - It is implied that the extent of the power and authority granted Saul was limited to the Jewish people at this point in time. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he is a chosen instrument of mine** - "Chosen instrument" is an expression for being set apart for service. It can be translated as "I have chosen him to serve me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for him to carry my name** - "to carry my name" is an expression for identifying or speaking out for Jesus. It can be translated as "in order that he might speak about me." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for the cause of my name** - This is an expression for, "for telling people about me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +It is implied that the extent of the power and authority granted Saul was limited to the Jewish people at this point in time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# calls upon your name + +Here "your name" refers to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he is a chosen instrument of mine + +"chosen instrument" refers to something that is set apart for service. AT: "I have chosen him to serve me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to carry my name + +This is an expression for identifying or speaking out for Jesus. AT: "in order that he might speak about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the cause of my name + +This is an expression meaning "for telling people about me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/17.md b/act/09/17.md index 6c08e87eeb..45533985d7 100644 --- a/act/09/17.md +++ b/act/09/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Ananias goes to the house where Saul is staying. After Saul is healed, the story shifts from Ananias back to Saul. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **laying his hands on him** - Ananias put his hands on Saul. -* **who appeared to you** - "You" refers just to Saul (singular), even though there were others who accompanied Saul on the journey. -* **has sent me so that you might receive your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit** - Can be restated as an active clause, "has sent me so that you might see again and that the Holy Spirit might fill you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **something like scales fell** - "something that appeared like fish scales fell" -* **he arose and was baptized** - Can be translated as, "he arose and Ananias baptized him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "you" here is singular and refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# So Ananias departed, and entered into the house + +It may be helpful to state that Ananias went to the house before he entered into it. AT: "So Ananias went, and after he found the house where Saul was, he entered it" + +# Laying his hands on him + +Ananias put his hands on Saul. This was a symbol of giving a blessing to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# so that you might receive your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has sent me so that you might see again and that the Holy Spirit might fill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# something like scales fell + +"something that appeared like fish scales fell" + +# he received his sight + +"he was able to see again" + +# he arose and was baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he got up and Ananias baptized him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/20.md b/act/09/20.md index 0370dd75ac..3fdd53a503 100644 --- a/act/09/20.md +++ b/act/09/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Here only the second "he" refers to Jesus, the Son of God. The first "he" and the other ones refer to Saul. -## translationNotes +# Son of God -* **Right away he began to preach** - "he" refers to Saul. -* **saying that he is the Son of God** - "he" here refers to Jesus. -* **All who heard him ** - This is a hyperbole for "many who heard." If you express exaggeration differently then use your form. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Is not this the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who called on this name?** - This is a rhetorical and negative question that is emphasizing Saul was indeed the man who was persecuting the believers. It can be stated as, "This is the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who called on this name Jesus!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# All who heard him + +The word "All" is a generalization. AT: "Those who heard him" or "Many who heard him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Is not this the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who called on this name? + +This is a rhetorical and negative question that emphasizes that Saul was indeed the man who had persecuted the believers. AT: "This is the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who called on this name Jesus!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this name + +Here "name" refers to Jesus. AT: "the name of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# causing distress among the Jews + +They were distressed in the sense that they could not find a way to refute Saul's arguments that Jesus was the Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/23.md b/act/09/23.md index a245f6c2d6..7208a61537 100644 --- a/act/09/23.md +++ b/act/09/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +The word "him" in this section refers to Saul. -## translationNotes +# the Jews -* **the Jews planned together to kill him** - "him" refers to Saul. -* **But their plan became known to Saul** - This clause might need to be stated as an active clause as, "But someone told their plan to Saul." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **So they watched the gates** - This city had a wall surrounding it. People could only enter and exit the city through the gates. -* **his disciples** - people who believed Saul's message about Jesus and were following his teaching +This refers to the leaders of the Jews. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# But their plan became known to Saul + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But someone told their plan to Saul" or "But Saul learned about their plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They watched the gates + +This city had a wall surrounding it. People could normally only enter and exit the city through the gates. + +# his disciples + +people who believed Saul's message about Jesus and were following his teaching + +# let him down through the wall, lowering him in a basket + +"used ropes to lower him in a large basket through an opening in the wall" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/26.md b/act/09/26.md index 0d6f83cd76..60a778d2bc 100644 --- a/act/09/26.md +++ b/act/09/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +Here the words "he" and "him" refer to Saul all but one time. "And 'he' told them how" in verse 27 refers to Barnabas. -## translationNotes +# but they were all afraid of him -* **disciple** - Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. -* **but they were all afraid of him** - "They were all" is an a hyperbole for many or most. It can be restated as "almost all of them." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **But Barnabas took him** - "But Barnabas took Saul" -* **Saul had boldly preached in the name of Jesus** - This is metonymy for Saul preaching or teaching the gospel message of Jesus Christ. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "they were all" is a generalization, but it is possible that it refers to every person. AT: "but they were afraid of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# had spoken boldly in the name of Jesus + +This is a way of saying he preached or taught the gospel message of Jesus Christ without fear. AT: "had openly preached the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/28.md b/act/09/28.md index 7b98bc4ef1..91eb4a6f95 100644 --- a/act/09/28.md +++ b/act/09/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He met with them -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:tarsus]] +Here the word "He" refers to Paul. The word "them" probably refers to the apostles and other disciples in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# in the name of the Lord Jesus -* **He met with them** - "Saul met with the apostles" -* **in the name of the Lord Jesus** - This is metonymy for the Gospel message of Jesus Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **debated with the Grecian Jews** - Saul sought to reason with the Grecian Jews. -* **down to Caeserea** - there was an elevation change from Jerusalem to Caeserea. However, it is normal to state that one is going up to Jerusalem and up to the Temple, and down when going away from Jerusalem. +Possible meanings are 1) this simply refers to the Lord Jesus and tells who Paul spoke about. AT: "about the Lord Jesus" or 2) "name" is a metonym for authority. AT: "under the authority of the Lord Jesus" or "with the authority that the Lord Jesus gave him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# debated with the Grecian Jews + +Saul tried to reason with the Jews who spoke Greek. + +# the brothers + +The words "the brothers" refers to the believers in Jerusalem. + +# brought him down to Caesarea + +The phrase "brought him down" is used here because Caesarea is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. + +# sent him away to Tarsus + +Caesarea was a seaport. They brothers probably sent Saul to Tarsus by ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/31.md b/act/09/31.md index 80159fb16b..d1c67e8d16 100644 --- a/act/09/31.md +++ b/act/09/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +In verse 32, the story shifts from Saul to a new part of the story about Peter. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **was built up** - God caused them to grow -* **walking in the fear of the lord** - "continuing to honor the Lord" -* **in the comfort of the Holy Spirit** - "the Holy Spirit was strengthening and encouraging them" -* **Throughout the whole region** - This is hyperbole for Peter visiting many of the believers throughout Judea, Galilee and Samaria. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **God's people** - This is metonymy for the people who believed in the gospel message of Jesus Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Lydda** - Lydda is a city located about 18 km southeast of Joppa. This city was called Lod in the OT, and in modern Israel. +Verse 31 is a statement that gives an update on the church's growth. + +# the church throughout all Judea, Galilee, and Samaria + +This is the first use of the singular "church" to refer to more than one local congregation. Here it refers to all the believers in all the groups throughout Israel. + +# had peace + +"lived peacefully." This means the persecution that started with the murder of Stephen was finished. + +# was built up + +The agent was either God or the Holy Spirit. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God helped them grow" or "the Holy Spirit built them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# walking in the fear of the Lord + +"continuing to honor the Lord" + +# in the comfort of the Holy Spirit + +"with the Holy Spirit strengthening and encouraging them" + +# Now it came about + +This phrase is used to mark a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# throughout the whole region + +This is an generalization for Peter's visiting the believers in many places in the region of Judea, Galilee, and Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# he came down + +The phrase "came down" is used here because Lydda is lower in elevation than the other places where he was traveling. + +# Lydda + +Lydda is a city located about 18 kilometers southeast of Joppa. This city was called Lod in the Old Testament and in modern Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/33.md b/act/09/33.md index c87ed751bc..55b512958c 100644 --- a/act/09/33.md +++ b/act/09/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# There he found a certain man -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:sharon]] +Peter was not intentionally searching for a paralyzed person, but happened upon him. AT: "There Peter met a man" -## translationNotes +# a certain man named Aeneas -* **There he found a certain man** - "There Peter met a man." Peter was not intentionally searching for a paralyzed person but happened upon him. -* **paralyzed** - unable to walk, probably unable to move below the waist -* **make your bed** - "roll up you mat" (UDB) -* **everyone who lived…** - This is a hyperbole for "many people who lived…" (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This introduces Aeneas as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# who had been in his bed ... was paralyzed + +This is background information about Aeneas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# paralyzed + +unable to walk, probably unable to move below the waist + +# make your bed + +"roll up your mat" + +# everyone who lived in Lydda and in Sharon + +This is a generalization referring to many of the people there. AT: "those who lived in Lydda and in Sharon" or "many people who lived in Lydda and Sharon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in Lydda and in Sharon + +The city of Lydda was located in the Plain of Sharon. + +# saw the man + +It may be helpful to state that they saw that he was healed. AT: "saw the man whom Peter had healed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/36.md b/act/09/36.md index 6d112a8213..f3fbcea676 100644 --- a/act/09/36.md +++ b/act/09/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:joppa]] +Luke continues the story with a new event about Peter. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now there was in Joppa** - This introduces a new event in the story of Peter. -* **disciple** - Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. -* **Tabitha, which is translated as "Dorcas."** - Tabitha is her name in the Aramaic language, and Dorcas is her name in the Greek language. Both names mean “gazelle.” -* **full of good works** - "doing many good deeds" -* **It came about in those days** - "It came about while Peter was in Lydda". This is implied information. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +These verses give background information about the woman named Tabitha. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now there was + +This introduces a new part in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Tabitha, which is translated as "Dorcas." + +Tabitha is her name in the Aramaic language, and Dorcas is her name in the Greek language. Both names mean "gazelle." AT: "Her name in the Greek language was Dorcas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# full of good works + +"doing many good things" + +# It came about in those days + +This refers to the time when Peter was in Joppa. This can be stated. AT: "It came about while Peter was nearby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# washed her + +This was washing to prepare for her burial. + +# they laid her in an upper room + +This was a temporary display of the body during the funeral process. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/38.md b/act/09/38.md index eff05a0fbf..f3dfcb4380 100644 --- a/act/09/38.md +++ b/act/09/38.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they sent two men to him -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:joppa]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +"the disciples sent two men to Peter" -## translationNotes +# to the upper room -* **they sent two men to him** - "the disciples sent two men to Peter" -* **disciple** - Anyone who obeys and follows Jesus is a disciple of Jesus. -* **widows** - Women whose husbands have died -* **while she had been with them** - "while she was still alive with the disciples" (UDB) +"to the upstairs room where Dorcas' body was lying" + +# all the widows + +It is possible that all the widows of the town were there since it was not a large town. + +# widows + +women whose husbands had died and therefore needed help + +# while she had been with them + +"while she was still alive with the disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/40.md b/act/09/40.md index b9b814a648..a55efa4c69 100644 --- a/act/09/40.md +++ b/act/09/40.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:joppa]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +The story of Tabitha ends in verse 42. Verse 43 tells us what happens to Peter after the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# put them all out of the room -* **put them all out** - In this case, Peter did have everyone leave so he could be alone to pray for Tabitha. -* **This matter became known** - The miracle of Peter raising Tabitha from the dead. -* **believed on the Lord** - This is metonymy for "believed in the gospel of the Lord Jesus." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **It happened that Peter stayed** - "It came about that Peter stayed" +"told them all to leave the room." Peter had everyone leave so he could be alone to pray for Tabitha. + +# gave her his hand and lifted her up + +Peter took hold of her hand and helped her stand up. + +# the believers and the widows + +The widows were possibly also believers but are mentioned specifically because Tabitha was so important to them. + +# This matter became known throughout all Joppa + +This refers to the miracle of Peter's raising Tabitha from the dead. It can be stated in active form. AT: "People throughout all Joppa heard about this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# believed on the Lord + +"believed in the gospel of the Lord Jesus" + +# It happened that + +"It came about that." This introduces the beginning of the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Simon, a tanner + +"a man named Simon who made leather from animal skins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/intro.md b/act/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e1a3430b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Acts 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The Way" ##### +This was apparently a name given to people who were Christians in the early church. + +##### "Letters for the synagogues in Damascus" ##### +The letters Paul asked for would have been legal papers, which authorized the persecution and imprisonment of the Christians. The translator's culture may have different terms for "legal papers" or "legally binding papers," which could be useful in translation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I am Jesus" ##### +The text does not make it explicitly clear, but this is Jesus in body or physical form after he was raised from the dead. He was only visible to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/01.md b/act/10/01.md index 9118369c5a..bebdabb501 100644 --- a/act/10/01.md +++ b/act/10/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:cornelius]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +This is the beginning of the part of the story about Cornelius. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now there was a certain man ** - This was a way of introducing a new person to the story. In this case, it was Cornelius. -* **Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian cohort** - "his name was Cornelius. He was an officer in charge of 100 soldiers from the Italian section of the Roman army." -* **He was a devout man, one who feared God** - "He believed in God and sought to honor and worship God in his life" -* **with all his household** - "with all the members of his household". (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he gave much money to the people** - "…to poor people". This was one way he demonstrated his fear of God. +These verses give background information about Cornelius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now there was a certain man + +This was a way of introducing a new person to this part of the historical account. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment + +"his name was Cornelius. He was an officer in charge of 100 soldiers from the Italian section of the Roman army. + +# He was a devout man, one who worshiped God + +"He believed in God and sought to honor and worship God in his life" + +# worshiped God + +The word for "worshiped" here has the sense of deep respect and awe. + +# he constantly prayed to God + +The word "constantly" is a generalization. AT: "he prayed to God a lot" or "he prayed to God regularly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/03.md b/act/10/03.md index 91717fcc9d..ef55024684 100644 --- a/act/10/03.md +++ b/act/10/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the ninth hour -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:cornelius]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:joppa]] -* [[en:tw:memorialoffering]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +"three o'clock in the afternoon." This is the normal afternoon prayer time for Jews. -## translationNotes +# he clearly saw -* **The ninth hour** - This is the normal afternoon prayer time for Jews. -* **he clearly saw** - "Cornelius clearly saw" -* **a tanner** - A person who makes leather products from animal skins. +"Cornelius clearly saw" + +# Your prayers and your gifts ... a memorial offering into God's presence + +It is implied that his gifts and prayers had been accepted by God. AT: "God is pleased by your prayers and your gifts ... a memorial offering to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a tanner + +a person who makes leather from animal skins \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/07.md b/act/10/07.md index 9b26b38913..2a677d6a16 100644 --- a/act/10/07.md +++ b/act/10/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When the angel who spoke to him had left -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:cornelius]] -* [[en:tw:joppa]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"When Cornelius' vision of the angel had ended." -## translationNotes +# a devout soldier from among those who served him -* **When the angel who spoke to him had left** - "When Cornelius' vision had ended" -* **told them all that had happened** - Cornelius explained his vision to his two servants and soldier. -* **sent them to Joppa** - sent two of his two servants and one soldier to Joppa +"one of the soldiers who served him, who also worshiped God." This soldier worshiped God. That was rare in the Roman army, so Cornelius' other soldiers probably did not worship God. + +# devout + +An adjective to describe a person who worshiped God and served him. + +# told them all that had happened + +Cornelius explained his vision to his two servants and to one of his soldiers. + +# sent them to Joppa + +"sent two of his two servants and the one soldier to Joppa." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/09.md b/act/10/09.md index 5cd88a1751..652787a6a8 100644 --- a/act/10/09.md +++ b/act/10/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:trance]] +The story shifts away from Cornelius to tell us what God is doing with to Peter. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **as they were on their journey** - as Cornelius's two servants and the soldier under Cornelius's command were on their journey to Joppa -* **he fell into a trance** - a trance is the state of mind or condition Peter was in when he had a vision. -* **he saw the heavens open** - This was the beginning of Peter's vision. -* **something like a large sheet** - the container holding the animals had the appearance of a large sheet. -* **in it were all kind of…animals and…birds…** - It contained many types of animals. +Here the word "they" refers to Cornelius' two servants and the soldier under Cornelius' command. (See: [Acts 10:7](./07.md)) + +# about the sixth hour + +"around noon" + +# up upon the housetop + +The roofs of the houses were flat, and people often did many different activities on them. + +# while the people were cooking some food + +"before the people finished cooking the food" + +# he was given a vision + +"God gave him a vision" or "he saw a vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he saw the sky open + +This was the beginning of Peter's vision. It can be a new sentence. + +# something like a large sheet ... four corners + +The container holding the animals had the appearance of a large square piece of cloth. + +# let down by its four corners + +"with its four corners suspended" or "with its four corners higher than the rest of it" + +# all kinds of four-footed animals ... birds of the sky + +From Peter's response in the next verse, it can be implied that the law of Moses commanded the Jews not to eat some of them. AT: "animals and birds that the Mosaic laws forbade Jews to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/13.md b/act/10/13.md index e3261f6717..f1289d27c7 100644 --- a/act/10/13.md +++ b/act/10/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a voice spoke to him -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +The person speaking is not specified. The "voice" was probably God, although it could possibly have been an angel from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Not so -* **a voice spoke to him** - The person speaking is not specified. But it can be inferred that the source was from God, not Satan. -* **Lord** - Peter used the term for respect that could be translated as "Lord" or "Sir." -* ** I have never eaten anything that was defiled and unclean.** - It is implied that the animals presented were unclean as defined by the Law of Moses and were not to be eaten. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"I will not do that" + +# I have never eaten anything that was defiled and unclean + +It is implied that some the animals in the container were unclean as defined by the law of Moses and were not to be eaten by believers who lived before Christ died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What God has cleansed + +If God is the speaker, he is referring to himself in the third person. AT: "What I, God, have cleansed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# This happened three times + +It is not likely that everything Peter saw happened three times. This probably means that the phrase, "What God has cleansed, do not call it defiled," was repeated three times. However, it may be best to simply say "This happened three times" instead of trying to explain in detail. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/17.md b/act/10/17.md index 52d08fbc74..94c2cebbaa 100644 --- a/act/10/17.md +++ b/act/10/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Peter was very confused -* [[en:tw:cornelius]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +This means that Peter was having difficulty understanding what the vision meant. -## translationNotes +# behold -* **stood before the gate** - "stood before the gate to the house". It is implied that this house had a wall and a gated entrance to the property. -* **And they called out** - Cornelius' men remained outside the gate while inquiring about Peter. -* **who was surnamed Peter** - "who was called Peter" +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows, in this case, the two men standing at the gate. + +# stood before the gate + +"stood before the gate to the house." It is implied that this house had a wall with a gate in it to enter the property. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# after they had asked their way to the house + +This happened before they arrived at the house. This could be stated earlier in the verse, as the UDB does. + +# They called out + +Cornelius' men remained outside the gate while asking about Peter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/19.md b/act/10/19.md index 887fc87ae2..58fdce3824 100644 --- a/act/10/19.md +++ b/act/10/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# thinking about the vision -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +"wondering about the meaning of the vision" -## translationNotes +# the Spirit -* **While Peter was still thinking about the vision** - "While Peter was still meditating about the vision" -* **the Spirit** - "the Holy Spirit" -* **See, three men** - "Be alert…" or "wake up…" -* **he whom you … Why have you come** - "you" refers to the three men sent by Cornelius. +"the Holy Spirit" + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." + +# three men are looking for you + +Some ancient texts have a different number of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# go down + +"go down from the roof of the house" + +# Do not hesitate to go with them + +It would be natural for Peter not to want to go with them, because they were strangers and they were Gentiles. + +# I am he whom you are seeking + +"I am the man you are looking for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/22.md b/act/10/22.md index 7c0e3cfec2..0cdb90c5de 100644 --- a/act/10/22.md +++ b/act/10/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:cornelius]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The words "They" and "them" here refer to the two servants and the soldier from Cornelius. (See: [Acts 10:7](./07.md)) -## translationNotes +# A centurion named Cornelius ... listen to a message from you -* **They said** - the three messengers from Cornelius said to Peter -* **Cornelius … is well spoken of by all the nation of the Jews** - Many jewish people speak good things about Cornelius. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all the nation of the Jews** - this is a hyperbole for Cornelius' good behavior was quite well known by many Jewish people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **stay with him and the people with him.** - "him" refers to Peter. +This can be divided into several sentences and stated in active form as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# worships God + +The word for "worship" here has the sense of deep respect and awe. + +# all the nation of the Jews + +This number of people is exaggerated with the word "all" to emphasize how widely this was known among the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# So Peter invited them to come in and stay with him + +The journey to Caesarea was too long for them to begin that afternoon. + +# stay with him + +"be his guests" + +# some of the brothers from Joppa + +This refers to believers who lived in Joppa. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/24.md b/act/10/24.md index 725482a025..562015f9aa 100644 --- a/act/10/24.md +++ b/act/10/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# On the following day -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:cornelius]] +This was the next day after they left Joppa. The journey to Caesarea took longer than one day. -## translationNotes +# Cornelius was waiting for them -* **they came** - Peter, the men from Joppa who accompanied Peter, and Cornelius's servants -* **he had called together his relatives and his close friends.** - "He" and "His" is referring to Cornelius. +"Cornelius expected them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/25.md b/act/10/25.md index 0e0365738d..5e59d3da7b 100644 --- a/act/10/25.md +++ b/act/10/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# when Peter entered -* [[en:tw:cornelius]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +"when Peter entered the house" -## translationNotes +# bowed down at his feet to worship him -* **bowed down at his feet** - When Cornelius bowed down at peter's feet, this was an act of worship (UDB), not just an act of honor (ULB). -* **"Stand up; I myself also am only a man."** - This was a mild rebuke or correction to Cornelius to not worship Peter. +Although bowing was common in that culture, here Cornelius bowed to Peter as an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Stand up! I too am a man + +This was a mild rebuke or correction to Cornelius not to worship Peter. AT: "Stop doing that! I am only a man, as you are" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/27.md b/act/10/27.md index d86fbb9ad1..981feb59ae 100644 --- a/act/10/27.md +++ b/act/10/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unlawful]] +Peter addresses the people who are gathered in Cornelius' house. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **talking with him** - talking with Cornelius -* **found many people gathered together** - "found many gentile people gathered together". It is implied that the people Cornelius invited were Gentiles. (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **it is not lawful for a Jewish man** - "it is forbidden for a Jewish man" -* **You yourselves know** - Peter is addressing Cornelius and his invited guests. -* **So I ask you why you sent for me."** - Though Peter is directing the question toward Cornelius, "you" includes the Gentiles present (plural). +The word "him" here refers to Cornelius. + +# General Information: + +Here the words "You" and "you" are plural and include Cornelius as well as the Gentiles who were present. + +# many people gathered together + +"many Gentile people gathered together." It is implied that these people Cornelius had invited were Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You yourselves know + +Peter is addressing Cornelius and his invited guests. + +# it is not lawful for a Jewish man + +"it is forbidden for a Jewish man." This refers to the Jewish religious law. + +# someone from another nation + +This refers to people who were not Jews and not specifically to where they lived. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/30.md b/act/10/30.md index 1a4a7589e3..b1c783a016 100644 --- a/act/10/30.md +++ b/act/10/30.md @@ -1,18 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cornelius]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:joppa]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Cornelius responds to Peter's question. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **four days ago** - Biblical culture includes the current day. In current western culture, this would be, "three days ago." -* **the ninth hour of prayer** - The normal afternoon time that the Jews pray to God. -* **prayer in my house** - Some ancient authorities say, "fasting and praying…" -* **your prayer** - Refers to just Cornelius (singular) -* **reminded God about you** - "to bring to God's attention" -* **call to you a man named Simon, who is also called Peter** - "tell Simon who is called Peter to come to you" -* **I sent for you** - "you" refers to just Peter (singular). -* **we are all here** - "we" refers to the many people Cornelius invited to his home to hear Peter but not including Peter. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) +In verses 31 and 32 Cornelius quotes what the angel had said to him when he appeared to him at the ninth hour. + +# General Information: + +The words "you" and "your" are all singular. The word "we" here does not include Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Four days ago + +Cornelius is referring to the day before the third night before he is speaking to Peter. Biblical culture counts the current day, so the day before three nights ago is "four days ago." Current Western culture does not count the current day, so many Western translations read, "three days ago." + +# praying + +Some ancient authorities say "fasting and praying" instead of simply "praying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# at the ninth hour + +The normal afternoon time that the Jews pray to God. + +# your prayer has been heard by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has heard your prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# reminded God about you + +"brought you to God's attention." This does not imply that God had forgotten. + +# call to you a man named Simon who is called Peter + +"tell Simon who is also called Peter to come to you" + +# at once + +"right away" + +# You are kind to have come + +This expression is a polite way of thanking Peter for coming. AT: "I certainly thank you for coming" + +# in the sight of God + +This refers to the presence of God. + +# that you have been instructed by the Lord to say + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the Lord has told you to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/34.md b/act/10/34.md index cd1fd3d2ac..29262150cc 100644 --- a/act/10/34.md +++ b/act/10/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Peter begins speaking to everyone in the house of Cornelius. -## translationNotes +# Then Peter opened his mouth and said -* **Then Peter opened his mouth and said** - "Peter began to speak to them" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **anyone who fears him and does righteous deeds is acceptable to him** - "He accepts anyone who fears him and does righteous deeds". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Peter began to speak to them" + +# Truly + +This means that what he is about to say is especially important to know. + +# God does not take anyone's side + +"God does not favor certain people" + +# anyone who worships and does righteous deeds is acceptable to him + +"he accepts anyone who worships him and does righteous deeds" + +# worships + +The word "worships" here has the sense of deep respect and awe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/36.md b/act/10/36.md index b62423e879..4041fb889c 100644 --- a/act/10/36.md +++ b/act/10/36.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +Peter continues to talk to Cornelius and his guests. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (Peter continues to speak) -* **You know the message** - "you know the word" -* **who is Lord of all** - This is all inclusive, both Hebrew and Greek. -* **you yourselves** - Refers to Cornelius and his guests (plural). -* **know that message** - "know those things he did" +The word "him" here refers to Jesus. + +# You know the message ... and with power + +This long sentence can be shortened into several sentences as in the UDB. + +# who is Lord of all + +Here "all" means "all people." + +# throughout all Judea + +The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "throughout Judea" or "in many places in Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# after the baptism that John announced + +"after John preached to the people to repent and then baptized them" + +# God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power + +The Holy Spirit and God's power are spoken of as if they are something that can be poured out onto a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all who were oppressed by the devil + +The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "those who were oppressed by the devil" or "many people who were oppressed by the devil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# God was with him + +The idiom "was with him" means "was helping him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/39.md b/act/10/39.md index 8545eb1e33..297dc7aa83 100644 --- a/act/10/39.md +++ b/act/10/39.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hang]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +The words "We" and "we" here refer to Peter and the apostles and believers who were with Jesus when he was on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (Peter continues to speak.) -* **We are witnesses ** - "We apostles are witnesses". Peter is excluding his audience in "we." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **that he did ** - "that Jesus did" -* **whom they killed** - "whom the Jewish Leaders killed" -* **This man** - "This man Jesus" -* **God raised up** - God caused Jesus to live again. -* **gave him to be made known…** - God granted him permission to reveal himself … to us. +The words "he" and "him" here refer to Jesus. + +# in the country of the Jews + +This refers mainly to Judea at that time. + +# hanging him on a tree + +This is another expression that refers to crucifixion. AT: "nailing him to a wooden cross" + +# God raised him up + +"God caused to live again" + +# the third day + +"the third day after he died" + +# caused him to be seen + +"permitted many people to see him after he was raised from the dead" + +# from the dead ones + +"from among the dead ones." The phrase "the dead ones" refers to the spirits of people who have died. To come back from among them means to become alive again. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/42.md b/act/10/42.md index a483ff5341..1c68e625a0 100644 --- a/act/10/42.md +++ b/act/10/42.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Peter finishes his speech to everyone in the house of Cornelius, which he began in [Acts 10:34](./34.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (Peter continues to speak.) -* **He commanded us** - God commanded us witnesses or apostles. This "us" excludes Peter's audience. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **that this the one who has been chosen by God** - That Jesus is the one who God chooses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the living and the dead ** - the people who are still living and people who have died -* **It is to him that all the prophets bear witness** - "All the prophets bear witness to Jesus" +Here the word "us" includes Peter and believers. It excludes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# that this is the one who has been chosen by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God chose this Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the living and the dead + +This refers to people who are still living and people who have died. AT: "the people who are alive and the people who are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# It is to him that all the prophets bear witness + +"All the prophets bear witness to Jesus" + +# everyone who believes in him shall receive forgiveness of sins + +This could be stated in active form. AT: "God will forgive the sins of everyone who believes in Jesus because of what Jesus has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through his name + +Here "his name" refers to the actions of Jesus. His name means God who saves. AT: "through what Jesus has done for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/44.md b/act/10/44.md index 08118da0ae..ba5f54013d 100644 --- a/act/10/44.md +++ b/act/10/44.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the Holy Spirit fell -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Here the word "fell" means "happened suddenly." AT: "the Holy Spirit suddenly came" -## translationNotes +# all of those who were listening -* **fell on all of those who were listening- ** - **"all" likely refers to all the non-Jews at the house who were believing Peter. Favoring literal rather than hyperbole. -* **the gift** - "the free gift" -* **the Holy Spirit was poured out** - God poured out the Holy Spirit. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "all" refers to all the Gentiles at the house who were listening to Peter. + +# The people who belonged to the circumcision group of believers + +This is another way of referring to the Jewish believers. + +# the gift of the Holy Spirit + +This refers to the Holy Spirit himself who was given to them. + +# the Holy Spirit was poured out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God poured out the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# poured out + +The Holy Spirit is spoken of as if he were something that could be poured out upon people. It implies a generous amount. AT: "generously given" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the gift + +"the free gift" + +# also on the Gentiles + +Here "also" refers to the fact that the Holy Spirit had already been given to the Jewish believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/46.md b/act/10/46.md index ebb48fcaa7..bb62c5eba0 100644 --- a/act/10/46.md +++ b/act/10/46.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +This is the end of the part of the story about Cornelius. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Gentiles speak in other languages and praising God** - These were spoken languages that people could identify for the Jews to acknowledge that the Gentiles were indeed praising God. -* **Can anyone keep water from these people… ** - Peter uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that "no one should keep water from these people." (see [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **he commanded them to be baptized** - "Peter commanded the Gentiles to be baptized" (passive) or "Peter commanded the Jewish Christians to baptize the Gentile believers." (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Then they asked him** - "the Gentiles asked Peter" +The words "he" and "him" refer to Peter. + +# Gentiles speak in other languages and praising God + +These were known spoken languages that caused the Jews to acknowledge that the Gentiles were indeed praising God. + +# Can anyone keep water from these people so they should not be baptized, these people who have received ... we? + +Peter uses this question to convince the Jewish Christians that the Gentile believers should be baptized. AT: "No one should keep water from these people! We should baptize them because they have received ... we!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he commanded them to be baptized + +It is implied that the Jewish Christians were the ones who would baptize them. AT: "Peter commanded the the Gentile believers to allow the Jewish Christians to baptize them" or "Peter commanded the Jewish Christians to baptize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ + +Here "in the name of Jesus Christ" expresses that the reason for their baptism was that they believed in Jesus. AT: "be baptized as believers in Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/intro.md b/act/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..921321cd31 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Acts 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Unclean ##### +The Jews believed uncleanliness could be spread by associating with a Gentile or visiting someone from another nation. This was according to the laws the Pharisees made and not according to the law of Moses. While it was possible that some contact could have made one unclean, the Pharisees prohibited any type of close contact with Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Get up, Peter; kill and eat!" ##### +Peter's vision was about a Christian's freedom to eat any animal. The Jews were not permitted to eat many animals because the law of Moses declared that they were unclean. Before this vision, Christians were not certain whether they needed to follow the law of Moses. The presence of the Holy Spirit is an indication that the Gentiles could be saved without following the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/01.md b/act/11/01.md index 15c285d219..c16cb9dbd9 100644 --- a/act/11/01.md +++ b/act/11/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Peter arrives in Jerusalem and begins talking to the Jews there. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now …** - This marks a new part of the story. -* **who were in Judea ** - "who were in the province of Judea" -* **had received the word of God** - This is an expression for the Gentiles believing the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit coming upon them and being baptized. (see [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **When Peter had come up to Jerusalem** - Jerusalem is located on a hill. -* **circumcision group** - These were a group of Jews who taught that all Christ's followers had to be circumcised and follow the law of Moses. -* **criticised him** - "they were taking issue with him" -* **ate with them** - It was against the jewish law for circumcised men to eat with uncircumcised men. +This is the beginning of a new event in the story. + +# Now + +This marks a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# the brothers + +The phrase "brothers" here refers to the believers in Judea. + +# who were in Judea + +"who were in the province of Judea" + +# had received the word of God + +This expression refers to the fact that the Gentiles believed the gospel message about Jesus. AT: "believed the message of God about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# had come up to Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of coming up to Jerusalem and going down from it. + +# they who belonged to the circumcision group + +This is a reference to some of the Jews who believed that every believer must be circumcised. AT: "some Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted all followers of Christ to be circumcized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# uncircumcised men + +The phrase "uncircumcised men" refers to Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# ate with them + +It was against Jewish tradition for Jews to eat with Gentiles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/04.md b/act/11/04.md index c8784939d1..2570ac6671 100644 --- a/act/11/04.md +++ b/act/11/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:joppa]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:trance]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Peter responds to the Jews by telling them about his vision and about what had happened at Cornelius' house. -## translationNotes +# Peter started to explain -* **Peter started to explain** - Peter didn't criticize the Jewish believers but reacted in a friendly explanatory manner. -* **four-legged animals of earth** - legged animals of earth** - These animals probably refer to the ones people tame. -* **wild beasts** - These animals probably refer to the animals people do not or can not tame. -* **creeping animals** - these are reptiles. +Peter did not criticize the Jewish believers but reacted in a friendly explanatory manner. + +# in detail + +"exactly what happened" + +# like a large sheet + +The container holding the animals had the appearance of a large square piece of cloth. See how you translated this in [Acts 10:11](../10/09.md). + +# by its four corners + +"with its four corners suspended" or "with its four corners higher than the rest of it." See how you translated this in [Acts 10:11](../10/09.md). + +# four-legged animals of earth + +From Peter's response, it can be implied that the law of Moses commanded the Jews not to eat some of them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 10:12](../10/09.md). AT: "animals and birds that the Mosaic laws forbade Jews to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# wild beasts + +This probably refer to the animals people do not or can not tame or control. + +# creeping animals + +These are reptiles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/07.md b/act/11/07.md index c3afa0c2dd..6f04f30ae0 100644 --- a/act/11/07.md +++ b/act/11/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I heard a voice -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:unholy]] +The person speaking is not specified. The "voice" was probably God, although it could possibly have been an angel from God. See how you translated "a voice" in [Acts 10:13](../10/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Not so -* (Peter continues to speak) -* **nothing unholy or unclean has ever entered into my mouth ** - Apparently the animals in the sheet were animals which the Jewish law in the Old Testament forbids the Jews to eat. -* **nothing unholy or unclean** - This is referring to "no unholy or unclean food." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **entered into my mouth** - This is referring to "I have ate." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **What God has declared clean do not call unclean ** - This refers to "What animals God has declared clean, do not call them unclean." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **unclean** - In the Old Testament Jewish law, a person became ritually "unclean" in various ways, such as eating certain forbidden animals. +"I will not do that." See how you translated this in [Acts 10:14](../10/13.md). + +# nothing unholy or unclean has ever entered into my mouth + +Apparently the animals in the sheet were animals which the Jewish law in the Old Testament forbade the Jews to eat. This can be said in a positive way. AT: "I have eaten only meat from holy and clean animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# unclean + +In the Old Testament Jewish law, a person became ritually "unclean" in various ways, such as eating certain forbidden animals. + +# What God has declared clean, do not call unclean + +This refers to the animals in the sheet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This happened three times + +It is not likely that everything was repeated three times. This probably means that "What God has cleansed, do not call it defiled" was repeated three times. However, it may be best to simply say "This happened three times" instead of trying to explain in detail. See how you translated "This happened three times" in [Acts 10:16](../10/13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/11.md b/act/11/11.md index ac813359ac..16817165b9 100644 --- a/act/11/11.md +++ b/act/11/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:joppa]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Here "we" refers to Peter and the believers in Joppa. It does not include his current audience in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold -* (Peter continues to speak.) -* **Behold** - "immediately" or "at that exact moment" (UDB). This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **that I should make no distinction regarding them** - "that I should not make a distinction regarding them being Gentile or Jewish" -* **they had been sent ** - someone had sent them. (see [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **these six brothers** - "these six Jewish believers" -* **bring back Simon, whose other name is Peter** - "bring back Simon called Peter" -* **you will be saved ** - "God will save you". (see [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This word alerts us to the new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# right away + +"immediately" or "at that exact moment" + +# they had been sent + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone had sent them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that I should make no distinction regarding them + +"that I should not be concerned that they were Gentiles" + +# These six brothers went with me + +"These six brothers went with me to Caesarea" + +# These six brothers + +"These six Jewish believers" + +# into the man's house + +This refers to the house of Cornelius. + +# Simon who is called Peter + +"Simon who is also called Peter." See how you translated the same phrase in [Acts 10:32](../10/30.md). + +# you will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all your household + +This refers to all the people in the household. AT: "everyone who lives in your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/15.md b/act/11/15.md index d097a639ae..08e177e351 100644 --- a/act/11/15.md +++ b/act/11/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Here the word "us" refers to Peter, the apostles, and any of the Jewish believers who had received the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# As I began to speak to them, the Holy Spirit came on them -* (Peter continues to speak.) -* **the Holy Spirit came on them, just as on us in the beginning** - "the Holy Spirit came on the Gentile believers, just as he came on the Jewish believers at Pentecost" -* **On us in the beginning** - “us” refers to Peter and those Jewish believers who were there in the beginning, but not everyone in the room was there in the beginning. If your language must decide, use the exclusive form. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **in the beginning** - Peter is referring to the day of Pentecost. -* **you shall be baptized in the Holy Spirit** - "God will baptize you in the Holy Spirit". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This implies that Peter had not finished speaking but had intended to say more. + +# the Holy Spirit came on them, just as on us in the beginning + +Peter leaves out some things to keep the story short. AT: "the Holy Spirit came on the Gentile believers, just as he came on the Jewish believers at Pentecost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in the beginning + +Peter is referring to the day of Pentecost. + +# you shall be baptized in the Holy Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will baptize you in the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/17.md b/act/11/17.md index 686a256b6b..b3702a9961 100644 --- a/act/11/17.md +++ b/act/11/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +Peter finishes his speech (which he began in [Acts 11:4](./04.md)) to the Jews about his vision and about what had happened at the house of Cornelius. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (Peter finishes his speech in v17) -* **God gave to them** - "Them" from the context of the story are Cornelius and his Gentile contacts. However, Peter does not call them Gentiles in his account to the Jewish believers at Jerusalem. -* **the same gift** - Peter is referring to the gift of the Holy Spirit. -* **who was I, that I could oppose God?** - I could not oppose God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **when they heard these things ** - "they", the circumcision group who were criticizing Peter -* **given repentance for life ** - "given repentance leading to life" +The word "them" refers to Cornelius and his Gentile guests and household. Peter does not call them Gentiles in his account to the Jewish believers at Jerusalem. + +# General Information: + +The word "they" refers to the Jewish believers to whom Peter spoke. The word "us" includes all of the Jewish believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Then if God gave to them ... who was I, that I could oppose God? + +Peter uses this question to emphasize that he was only obeying God. AT: "Since God gave to them ... I decided that I could not oppose God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the same gift + +Peter refers to the gift of the Holy Spirit. + +# they said nothing in response + +"they did not argue with Peter" + +# God has given repentance for life to the Gentiles also + +"God has given repentance that leads to life to the Gentiles also." Here "life" refers to eternal life. The abstract nouns "repentance" and "life" can be translated as the verbs "repent" and "live." AT: "God has allowed the Gentiles also to repent and live eternally" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/19.md b/act/11/19.md index 65343d2f86..da15a3cf09 100644 --- a/act/11/19.md +++ b/act/11/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:cyprus]] -* [[en:tw:cyrene]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:phonecia]] -* [[en:tw:stephen]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Luke tells about what happened to the believers who fled after the stoning of Stephen. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Therefore the believers whom the suffering that began with Stephen's death scattered away from Jerusalem** - This is a summary from Acts 8 to introduce a new episode not related to the previous story of Peter. -* **the believers whom the suffering that began with Stephen's death scattered away from Jerusalem** - "Many believers began suffering after the Jewish leaders killed Stephen. These believers left Jerusalem and went to other places…" -* **only to Jews, to no one else** - They thought that God's message was only for the Jewish people, not the Gentiles (Greeks). -* **the hand of the Lord** - This is an expression for "God was powerfully enabling." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This introduces the new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# those who had been scattered because of the persecution that started with the death of Stephen were spread + +This can be restated in the Active form. AT: "the persecution that started with the death of Stephen scattered the believers, and they spread" or "the suffering that began after the Jewish leaders killed Stephen caused many of the believers to leave Jerusalem, and they spread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# only to Jews + +The believers thought God's message was for the Jewish people, and not for the Gentiles. + +# spoke also to Greeks + +These Greek-speaking people were Gentiles, not Jews. AT: "also spoke to Gentiles who spoke Greek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The hand of the Lord was with them + +God's hand signifies his powerful help. AT: "God was powerfully enabling those believers to preach effectively" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turned to the Lord + +This expression means they stopped believing in their former gods and started believing in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/22.md b/act/11/22.md index aacc3ac674..e1f370a15a 100644 --- a/act/11/22.md +++ b/act/11/22.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +In these verses, the word "he" refers to Barnabas. The word "they" refers to the believers of the church at Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **News about them ** - "them" are the new believers at Antioch. -* **the ears of the church** - This is an expression for "the believers in Jerusalem heard about them." (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they sent** - believers from the church in Jerusalem sent -* **saw the gift of God** - "saw the grace of God" or "how God acted kindly toward the believers" (UDB) -* **He encouraged them** - "he kept on encouraging them." -* **remain with the Lord** - "to remain faithful to the Lord" -* **with all their heart** - "to be devoted to the Lord" or "to trust completely in the Lord" (UDB) -* **full of the Holy Spirit ** - The Holy Spirit controlled Barnabas as he obeyed the Holy Spirit. -* **many people were added to the Lord.** - An expression for "many people believed in the Lord". (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "them" and "their" refer to the new believers. (See: [Acts 11:20](./19.md)) + +# ears of the church + +Here "ears" refers to the believers' hearing about the event. AT: "the believers in the church" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# saw the gift of God + +"saw the grace of God" or "how God acted kindly toward the believers" + +# he encouraged them + +"he kept on encouraging them" + +# to remain with the Lord + +"to remain faithful to the Lord" or "to continue to trust in the Lord" + +# with all their heart + +Here the "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. AT: "with all their will" or "with complete commitment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# full of the Holy Spirit + +The Holy Spirit controlled Barnabas as he obeyed the Holy Spirit. + +# many people were added to the Lord + +Here "added" means they came to believe the same thing as the others. AT: "many more people also believed in the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/25.md b/act/11/25.md index b65181e38f..8f93466a82 100644 --- a/act/11/25.md +++ b/act/11/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:christian]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:tarsus]] +Here the word "he" refers to Barnabas and "him" refers to Saul. -## translationNotes +# out to Tarsus -* **out to Tarsus** - "out to the city of Tarsus" -* **When he found him, he brought him** - "When Barnabas found Saul, Barnabas brought Saul" -* **They gathered together with** - "Barnabas and Saul gathered together with" or "Barnabas and Saul met regularly with" -* **The disciples were called Christians ** - "The people of Antioch called the disciples Christians." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"out to the city of Tarsus" + +# to look for Saul ... found him + +These terms imply that it took some time and effort for Barnabas to locate Saul. + +# It came about + +This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# they gathered together with the church + +"Barnabas and Saul gathered together with the church" + +# The disciples were called Christians + +This implies that other people called the believers by this name. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Antioch called the disciples Christians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# first in Antioch + +"for the first time in Antioch" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/27.md b/act/11/27.md index 30331dbc73..38375d9483 100644 --- a/act/11/27.md +++ b/act/11/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Here Luke tells background information about a prophecy in Antioch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now in these days** - This introduces a new part of the story. (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **came down from Jerusalem to Antioch ** - There was an elevation change from Jerusalem to Antioch. There is also an idea of Jerusalem, especially the Temple, being at the height of importance. Regardless of elevation, people always go up to Jerusalem and up to the Temple, and down when going away. -* **a great famine would occur** - "a great shortage of food would occur" -* **over all the world** - This probably refers to the entire Roman empire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main story-line. + +# came down from Jerusalem to Antioch + +Jerusalem was higher in elevation than Antioch, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem or going down from it. + +# Agabus by name + +"whose name was Agabus" + +# indicated by the Spirit + +"the Holy Spirit enabled him to prophesy" + +# a great famine would occur + +"a great shortage of food would happen" + +# over all the world + +This was a generalization referring to the part of the world that they were interested in. AT: "all over the inhabited world" or "throughout the Roman Empire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in the days of Claudius + +Luke's audience would know that Claudius was the emperor of Rome at that time. AT: "when Claudius was the Roman emperor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/29.md b/act/11/29.md index 02c5021d13..ddf15e98a0 100644 --- a/act/11/29.md +++ b/act/11/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +The words "They" and "they" refer to the believers in the church in Antioch. (See: [Acts 11:27](./27.md)) -## translationNotes +# So -* **disciple** - Anyone who obeys and follows Jesus is a disciple of Jesus. -* **as each one was able** - The richer people sent more; the poorer people sent less. -* **They did this; they sent money** - "the believers in Antioch donated money and they sent the money…" -* **by the hand of Barnabas and Saul ** - This is an expression for "Barnabas and Saul personally brought the money to the church elders in Jerusalem." (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This word means marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, they sent money because of Agabus' prophesy or the famine. + +# as each one was able + +The richer people sent more; the poorer people sent less. + +# the brothers in Judea + +"the believers in Judea" + +# by the hand of Barnabas and Saul + +The hand is a synecdoche for the action of the whole person. AT: "by having Barnabas and Saul take to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/intro.md b/act/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5e8268d9a --- /dev/null +++ b/act/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Acts 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The Gentiles also had received the word of God" ##### +In the early church, Christians were almost exclusively Jewish. Many Gentiles then started to believe in Jesus. This is what it means to "receive the word of God." + +##### "Baptism in the Holy Spirit" ##### + +Many scholars believe this events marks the time when the Spirit started to indwell people when they began to believe in Jesus. The Spirit did this in order to assure them and to guide them. Others believe this event gave them the ability to speak in tongues, in addition to indwelling them, but that it is an event that occurs after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/01.md b/act/12/01.md index 90c75c6009..40280464b1 100644 --- a/act/12/01.md +++ b/act/12/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This begins the new persecution, first of James' death and then of Peter's imprisonment and then release. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now ** - this begins a new part of the story -* **about that time** - the time when the disciples in Antioch sent money to help the brothers in Judea -* **laid hands on** - This is an expression for "sent soldiers to arrest" or "sent soldiers to seize and put in prison." (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **some of those from the assembly** - It is implied from context it was the leaders of the church. It can be translated as "the leaders of the congregation" or "the leaders of the group of believers." (see [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **to mistreat them** - "to cause the believers to suffer" -* **He killed** - "Herod the king killed" or "Herod the king gave orders to kill" -* **He killed James…with the sword** - This was specifying the manner in which James was killed. +This is background information about Herod's killing James. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now + +This begins a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# about that time + +This refers to the time of the famine. + +# laid hands on + +This means Herod had the believers arrested. See how you translated this in [Acts 5:18](../05/17.md). AT: "sent soldiers to arrest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# some who belonged to the church + +Only James and Peter are specified, which implies that these were leaders of the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that he might mistreat them + +"in order to cause the believers to suffer" + +# He killed James ... with the sword + +This tells the manner in which James was killed. + +# He killed James + +Possible meanings are 1) Herod himself killed James or 2) Herod ordered someone to kill James. AT: "Herod gave the order and they killed James" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/03.md b/act/12/03.md index c3778f314a..ae3e9a48a5 100644 --- a/act/12/03.md +++ b/act/12/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Here the word "he" refers to Herod. (See: [Acts 12:1](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# After he saw that this pleased the Jews -* **After he saw that this pleased the Jews** - "After Herod was aware that putting James to death pleased the Jewish leaders" -* **pleased the Jews** - "made the Jewish leaders happy" -* **he proceeded to arrest Peter also** - "Herod then gave orders to arrest Peter also" -* **That was** - "This happened" or "Herod did this" -* **After arresting him, he put him in prison** - "After the soldiers arrested Peter, Herod commanded soldiers to put Peter in prison" -* **four squads of soldiers ** - "four groups of soldiers" (see UDB). Each group had four soldiers that guarded Peter one group at a time. The groups divided the day into shifts. Two soldiers would have been at his side and the other two soldiers by the entrance. -* **to guard him** - "to guard Peter" -* **he was intending to bring him to the people** - "Herod planned to judge Peter in the presence of the people" or "Herod planned to judge Peter in the presence of the Jewish people" +"When Herod realized that putting James to death pleased the Jewish leaders" + +# pleased the Jews + +"made the Jewish leaders happy" + +# That was + +"Herod did this" or "This happened" + +# the days of unleavened bread + +This refers to a time of Jewish religious feast time during the Passover season. AT: "the festival when the Jewish people ate bread without yeast" + +# four squads of soldiers + +"four groups of soldiers." Each squad had four soldiers that guarded Peter, one group at a time. The groups divided the 24 hour day into four shifts. Each time two soldiers would have been at his side and the other two soldiers by the entrance. + +# he was intending to bring him to the people + +"Herod planned to judge Peter in the presence of the people" or "Herod planned to judge Peter before the Jewish people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/05.md b/act/12/05.md index 4be42ef2ba..257a88f31e 100644 --- a/act/12/05.md +++ b/act/12/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So Peter was kept in the prison -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas|Herod Antipas]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] +This implies that the soldiers continually guarded Peter in prison. This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the soldiers guarded Peter in the prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# prayer was made earnestly to God for him by those in the church -* **So Peter was kept in the prison ** - Implying that the soldiers were continually guarding Peter in prison -* **earnestly ** - "continuously with dedication" or "with commitment without stopping" -* **by the assembly** - The Jerusalem believers were praying or the church in Jerusalem was praying. -* **for him** - "for Peter" -* **Herod was going to bring him out** - "Herod was going to bring Peter out from prison to execute him" -* **bound with two chains** - "tied with two chains" or "fastened with two chains" -* **watching over** - "guarding" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the group of believers in Jerusalem earnestly prayed to God for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# earnestly + +"continuously with dedication" or "with commitment without stopping" + +# On the night before Herod was going to bring him out for trial + +That Herod planned to execute him can be clarified. AT: "The happened on the day before Herod was going to bring Peter out from prison to put him on trial and then to execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bound with two chains + +"tied with two chains" or "fastened with two chains." Each chain would have been attached to one of the two guards who stayed beside Peter. + +# were keeping watch over the prison + +"were guarding the prison doors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/07.md b/act/12/07.md index 197a8dc930..3596269ff1 100644 --- a/act/12/07.md +++ b/act/12/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +The words "him" and "his" refer to Peter. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **by him** - "next to Peter" or "beside Peter" -* **in the cell ** - "in the prison room" -* **he struck Peter** - "the angel tapped Peter" or "the angel poked Peter" -* **woke him** - "woke Peter" -* **his chains fell off from his hands** - The angel caused the chains to fall from Peter without touching them. can be translated as, "Peter's chains fell off from his hands" or "the chains fell away from Peter's hands." -* **said to him** - "said to Peter" -* **Peter did so** - "Peter did what the angel told him to do" or "Peter obeyed" -* **the angel said to him** - "the angel said to Peter" -* **follow me** - The action described here means that Peter is to keep his attention focused on the angel as the angel and Peter walk. +This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# by him + +"next to him" or "beside him" + +# in the prison cell + +"in the prison room" + +# He struck Peter + +"The angel tapped Peter" or "The angel poked Peter." Peter was evidently sleeping deeply enough that this was required to wake him. + +# his chains fell off his hands + +The angel caused the chains to fall from Peter without touching them. + +# Peter did so + +"Peter did what the angel told him to do" or "Peter obeyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/09.md b/act/12/09.md index ea547889d5..f4afd501e1 100644 --- a/act/12/09.md +++ b/act/12/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Here the word "He" refers to Peter. The words "they" and "They" refer to Peter and the angel. -## translationNotes +# He did not know -* **He did not know ** - "Peter did not know" or "Peter did not understand" -* **what was done by the angel was real- ** - **"the actions of the angel were real" or "the actions of the angel were truly happening" -* **He thought he was seeing- ** - **"Peter thought he was seeing" -* **After they** - "After the angel and Peter" -* **had passed by ** - "had walked by" -* **the second ** - "the second guard" -* **they came to** - "the angel and Peter arrived at" -* **that led into the city** - "that opened to the city" -* **it opened for them by itself ** - "the gate swung open for them" or "the gate opened itself for them" -* **They went out** - "The angel and Peter walked through the gate" -* **went down a street** - "walked along a street" -* **left him right away ** - "left Peter suddenly" or "suddenly disappeared" +"He did not understand" + +# what was done by the angel was real + +This could be changed to active form. AT: "the actions of the angel were real" or "what the angel did truly happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# After they had passed by the first guard and the second + +It is implied that the soldiers were not able to see Peter and the angel as they walked by. AT: "The first and second guards did not see them as they passed by, and then" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# had passed by + +"had walked by" + +# and the second + +The word "guard" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "and the second guard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# they came to the iron gate + +"Peter and the angel arrived at the iron gate" + +# that led into the city + +"that opened to the city" or "that went from the prison to the city" + +# it opened for them by itself + +Here "by itself" means neither Peter nor the angel opened it. AT: "the gate swung open for them" or "the gate opened itself for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# went down a street + +"walked along a street" + +# left him right away + +"left Peter suddenly" or "suddenly disappeared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/11.md b/act/12/11.md index 5839074329..f47197dad8 100644 --- a/act/12/11.md +++ b/act/12/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When Peter came to himself -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This is an idiom. AT: "When Peter became fully awake and alert" or "When Peter became aware that what had happened was real" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# delivered me out of the hand of Herod -* **when Peter came to himself** - "When Peter became fully awake and alert" or "When Peter became aware that what had happened was real" -* **delivered me out of the hand of Herod** - "…the hand of Herod" is an expression for "rescued me from the harm Herod had planned for me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the expectation of the people of the Jews** - "what the Jewish leaders thought would happen to me" -* **realized this** - "became aware of this truth" -* **mother of John whose surname was Mark** - "…who was also called Mark" +Here "the hand of Herod" refers to "Herod's hold" or "Herod's plans." AT: "rescued me from the harm Herod had planned for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# everything the Jewish people were expecting + +Here "the people of the Jews" probably referred mainly to the Jewish leaders. AT: "all that the Jewish leaders thought would happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# realized this + +He became aware that God had rescued him. + +# John, also called Mark + +John was also called Mark. This can be stated in active form. AT: "John, whom people also called Mark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/13.md b/act/12/13.md index b9eea08e41..bf38111d74 100644 --- a/act/12/13.md +++ b/act/12/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here the words "she" and "her" all refer to the servant girl Rhoda. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **he knocked** - "Peter knocked". Knocking on the door was a normal Jewish custom to let others know you wish to visit them. -* **at the door of the gate ** - "at the outer door" or "at the door of the entrance from the street to the courtyard" -* **came to answer** - "came to the gate to see who was knocking" -* **she recognized ** - "Rhoda recognized" -* **out of joy** - "because she was so joyful" or "overly excited" -* **standing at the door ** - "standing outside the door". Peter was still standing outside. -* **they said to her** - "the believers inside the house said to the servant girl Rhoda" -* **you are insane** - The people not only did not believe her, but rebuked her by saying she was crazy. This can be translated as, "you are crazy." -* **she insisted that it was so** - "Rhoda insisted that what she said was true" -* **They said** - "The people inside the house answered" -* **It is his angel** - "What you have seen is Peter's angel". Some Jews believed in guardian angels and may have thought that Peter's angel had come to them. +Here the words they" and "They" refer to the people who were inside praying. (See: [Acts 12:12](./11.md)) + +# he knocked + +"Peter knocked." Tapping on the door was a normal Jewish custom to let others know you wish to visit them. You may need to change this to fit your culture. + +# at the door of the gate + +"at the outer door" or "at the door of the entrance from the street to the courtyard" + +# came to answer + +"came to the gate to ask who was knocking" + +# out of joy + +"because she was so joyful" or "being overly excited" + +# failed to open the door + +"did not open the door" or "forgot to open the door" + +# came running into the room + +You may prefer to say "went running into the room in the house" + +# she reported + +"she told them" or "she said" + +# standing at the door + +"standing outside the door." Peter was still standing outside. + +# You are insane + +The people not only did not believe her, but rebuked her by saying she was crazy. AT: "You are crazy" + +# she insisted that it was so + +"she insisted that what she said was true" + +# They said + +"They answered" + +# It is his angel + +"What you have seen is Peter's angel." Some Jews believed in guardian angels and may have thought that Peter's angel had come to them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/16.md b/act/12/16.md index 7a5058f473..c82a22a461 100644 --- a/act/12/16.md +++ b/act/12/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Here the words "they" and "them" refer to the people in the house. The words "He" and "he" refer to Peter. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **But Peter continued knocking** - The word here for continued means that Peter kept knocking the entire time those inside were talking. -* **when they had opened the door, they saw him and were amazed** - "after opening the door, the people inside the house saw Peter and they were amazed" -* **motioned to them… and told them** - "motioned to the people inside the house…and told the people" -* **report these things** - "tell these things" -* **he left** - "Peter left" +Though Herod had killed James in [Acts 12:2](./01.md), there was more than one James. + +# But Peter continued knocking + +The word "continued" means that Peter kept knocking the entire time those inside were talking. + +# Report these things + +"Tell these things" + +# the brothers + +"the other believers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/18.md b/act/12/18.md index 1abfe36f19..bfb874fbca 100644 --- a/act/12/18.md +++ b/act/12/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +The word "him" here refers to Peter. The word "he" refers to Herod. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here it goes back to telling about Herod. (See: [[:en:ta:workbench:discourse:home]]) -* **when it became day** - AT: "when morning came" -* **no small excitement** - This is a type of emphatic expression. It can be translated as "great excitement" or "a lot of excitement." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **excitement** - This refers to negative excitement such as distress, extreme anxiety, fear, or confusion. -* **regarding** - "concerning" or "about" -* **After Herod had searched for him and could not find him** - It can be stated as "After Herod searched for Peter and could not find him." -* **After Herod had searched for him** - Possible meanings are 1) "when Herod heard Peter was missing, he went himself to search the prison" or 2) "when Herod heard Peter was missing, he sent other soldiers to search the prison." -* **he questioned them and ordered them to be put to death** - "Herod questioned the guards and commanded soldiers to kill the guards" -* **Then he went down** - "Then Herod went down". When traveling from Jerusalem all locations are considered down since Jerusalem was located on a hill. +This word is used to mark a break in the story-line. Time has passed; it is now the next day. + +# when it became day + +"in the morning" + +# there was no small disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter + +This phrase is used to emphasize what really happened. This could be said in a positive way. AT: "there was a great disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# there was no small disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter + +The abstract noun "disturbance" can be expressed with the words "disturbed" or "upset." AT: "the soldiers were very disturbed about what had happened to Peter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# After Herod had searched for him and could not find him + +"After Herod searched for Peter and could not find him" + +# After Herod had searched for him + +Possible meanings are that 1) "when Herod heard Peter was missing, he went himself to search the prison" or 2) "when Herod heard Peter was missing, he sent other soldiers to search the prison." + +# he questioned the guards and ordered them to be put to death + +It was the normal punishment for the Roman government to kill the guards if their prisoner escaped. + +# Then he went down + +The phrase "went down" is used here because Caesarea is lower in elevation than Judea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/20.md b/act/12/20.md index 299687186a..9a2b1ac292 100644 --- a/act/12/20.md +++ b/act/12/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +Luke continues with another event in Herod's life. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. The story goes on to tell about another event in Herd's life. (See: [[:en:ta:workbench:discourse:home]]) -* **They went to him together ** - "Men representing the people of Tyre and Sidon went together to talk with Herod" -* **They persuaded** - "These men persuaded" -* **Blastus** - Blastus was an assistant or chamberlain to King Herod. He is mentioned by name only once, here. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they asked for peace** - "these men requested peace" -* **On a set day** - "On the day planned" for the meeting -* **he made a speech to them** - "Herod made a speech to the men" or "Herod spoke to the men" -* **sat on a throne** - This was where Herod formally addressed people who came to see him. "Herod sat on his throne" (UDB). +This word is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# They went to him together + +Here the word "They" is a generalization. It is unlikely that all the people of Tyre and Sidon went to Herod. AT: "Men representing the people of Tyre and Sidon went together to talk with Herod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# They persuaded Blastus + +"These men persuaded Blastus" + +# Blastus + +Blastus was an assistant to or an officer of King Herod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they asked for peace + +"these men requested peace" + +# their country received its food from the king's country + +They probably purchased this food. AT: "the people of Tyre and Sidon bought all their food from the people that Herod ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# received its food + +It is implied that Herod restricted this supply of food because he was angry with the people of Tyre and Sidon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# On a set day + +This was probably the day on which Herod agreed to meet with the representatives. AT: "On the day when Herod agreed to meet them" + +# royal clothing + +expensive clothing that would demonstrate he was the king + +# sat on a throne + +This was where Herod formally addressed people who came to see him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/22.md b/act/12/22.md index 25de4ebb48..7022322291 100644 --- a/act/12/22.md +++ b/act/12/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This is the end of the part of the story about Herod. -## translationNotes +# Immediately -* **this is the voice of a god** - "His is the voice of a god" or "This man who is speaking is a god" (UDB) -* **Immediately-** - ** while the people were praising Herod -* **struck him** - "afflicted Herod" or "caused Herod to become very ill" -* **he did not give God the glory** - Herod let those people worship him instead of redirecting their worship to God. "Herod did not give God the glory". -* **he was eaten by worms and died** - "worms ate Herod and Herod died". +"Right away" or "While the people were praising Herod" + +# struck him + +"afflicted Herod" or "caused Herod to become very ill" + +# he did not give God the glory + +Herod let those people worship him instead of telling them to worship God. + +# he was eaten by worms and died + +Here "worms" refers to worms inside the body, probably intestinal worms. This can be stated in active form. AT: "worms ate Herod's insides and he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/24.md b/act/12/24.md index 75cf3f4fd8..dd72cc8d9d 100644 --- a/act/12/24.md +++ b/act/12/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:johnmark]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is information that gives an update on the spread of the word of God and on what Barnabas and Saul were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of God increased and multiplied -* **the word of God grew and multiplied ** - this is an expression for "the salvation message of Jesus spread and the number of people who believed this message multiplied." It can also be translated as “the word of God spread and the number of believers multiplied.” (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **completed their mission to Jerusalem** - Implying "having delivered the money to the church leaders in Jerusalem". (see [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **they returned** - "Barnabas and Saul returned to Antioch". (see [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **they took with them John ** - "Barnabas and Saul took John with them" -* **whose surname was Mark** - "who was called Mark" +The word of God is spoken of as if it was a living plant that was able to grow and reproduce. AT: "the message of God spread to more places and more people believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word of God + +More people heard about the word of God. This refers to the message of God about salvation through Jesus. AT: "the message of God about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# completed their mission + +This refers back to when they brought money from the believers at Antioch in [Acts 11:29-30](../11/29.md). AT: "delivered the money to the church leaders in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they returned from Jerusalem + +They went back to Antioch from Jerusalem. AT: "Barnabas and Saul returned to Antioch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/intro.md b/act/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc8a647201 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Acts 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "This is the voice of a god, not of a man!" ##### +Acts 12:20-22 can appear out-of-place in this chapter. It serves as a kind of interlude, interrupting the flow of events. It is included here to explain that this powerful man, who people claimed to be God, was not God and was immediately punished for these false claims. When the apostles claimed Jesus was God, they were affirmed by signs from heaven. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Personification ##### +The "word of God" is personified as growing and multiplying. This is common in Scripture because the word is always used with the imagery of being alive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/01.md b/act/13/01.md index 2d0268a350..578914c168 100644 --- a/act/13/01.md +++ b/act/13/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +Luke begins to tell about the mission trips on which the church at Antioch send Barnabas and Saul. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now in the assembly in Antioch ** - "At that time in the church at Antioch" -* **Symeon (called Niger), Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen (the foster-brother of Herod the tetrarch)** - brother of Herod the tetrarch)** - (See: How to translate names) -* **foster-brother of Herod ** - brother of Herod ** - Manaen was probably Herod's playmate or close friend growing up. -* **Set apart for me** - "Appoint to serve me" or "sanctify" -* **Have called them-** - ** The verb here means that God chose them before now to do this work. -* **assembly** - "congregation" or "group of believers" -* **laid their hands on these men** - "laid their hands on those set apart for God's service". There is no evidence of spiritual gifts being imparted through laying on of hands in this instance. But this was elders custom of affirming the Holy Spirit's calling on Barnabas and Saul. -* **sent them off** - "sent those men off" or "sent those men off to do the work the Holy Spirit told them to do" +Verse 1 gives background information about the people in the church at Antioch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# General Information: + +Here the first word "they" probably refers to these five leaders but may also include the other believers. The next words "they" and "their" probably refer to the other three leaders not including Barnabas and Saul but could include other believers. + +# Now in the church in Antioch + +"At that time in the church at Antioch" + +# Simeon ... Niger ... Lucius ... Manaen + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# foster brother of Herod the tetrarch + +Manaen was probably Herod's playmate or close friend growing up. + +# Set apart for me + +"Appoint to serve me" + +# I have called them + +The verb here means that God chose them to do this work. + +# laid their hands on these men + +"laid their hands on these men whom God had set apart for his service." This act showed that the leaders agreed that the Holy Spirit had called Barnabas and Saul to do this work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# sent them off + +"sent those men off" or "sent those men off to do the work the Holy Spirit told them to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/04.md b/act/13/04.md index 6f31511bbf..45a39c367a 100644 --- a/act/13/04.md +++ b/act/13/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cyprus]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:johnmark]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here the words "they," "They," and "their" refer to Barnabas and Silas. -## translationNotes +# So -* **they..they…they** - "Barnabas and Saul" -* **they went down ** - this was most likely an elevation change. -* **Seleucia** - Seleucia was a city by the sea. -* **city of Salamis** - The city of Salamis was on Cyprus Island. -* **synagogues of the Jews** - Possible meanings are 1) "there were multiple Jewish synagogues in the city of Salamis that Barnabas and Saul preached at" or 2) "Barnabas and Saul started at the synagogue at Salamis and continued to preach in all the synagogues they found while they traveled around the Island of Cyprus." +This word marks an event that happened because of a previous event. In this case, the previous event is Barnabas and Saul being set apart by the Holy Spirit. + +# went down + +The phrase "went down" is used here because Seleucia is lower in elevation than Antioch. + +# Seleucia + +a city by the sea + +# city of Salamis + +The city of Salamis was on Cyprus Island. + +# synagogues of the Jews + +Possible meanings are that 1) "there were multiple Jewish synagogues in the city of Salamis where Barnabas and Saul preached" or 2) "Barnabas and Saul started at the synagogue at Salamis and continued to preach in all the synagogues they found while they traveled around the Island of Cyprus." + +# They also had John Mark as their assistant + +"John Mark went with them and was helping them" + +# assistant + +"helper" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/06.md b/act/13/06.md index 87c61ee68a..4a10a9a58e 100644 --- a/act/13/06.md +++ b/act/13/06.md @@ -1,26 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here the word "they" refers to Paul, Silas, and John Mark. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **they had gone** - "they" refers to Barnabas, Saul, and John Mark -* **the whole island** - They crossed from one side of the island to the other. They may not have visited every single town. But they would have shared the gospel message in each town they visited. -* **Paphos** - a major city on Cyprus island where the proconsul lived -* **they found** - The word found has the idea of coming across without looking for it, can be translated as "they met" (see UDB) or "they came upon." -* **a certain magician** - "a certain person who practices witchcraft" or "a person who practices supernatural magic arts" -* **name was Bar-Jesus** - Jesus** - It means in Greek, "Son of Jesus." However, there is no relation between this man and Jesus Christ. Jesus was considered a common name at that time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **associated with ** - "was often with" or "was often in the company of" -* **proconsul** - The governor in charge of the Roman province. This can be translated as "governor." -* **This man ** - "Sergius Paulus" -* **Elymas "the magician"** - This was Bar-Jesus, the Magician. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **(that is how his name is translated)** - "that was what he was called in Greek" -* **opposed them; he tried to turn** - "resisted them by trying to turn" or "set himself against them by trying to turn" -* **he wanted** - "Sergius Paulus wanted" -* **he tried** - "Elymas tried" -* **tried to turn the proconsul away from the faith** - "attempted to persuade the governor to not believe the Gospel message" +The words "This man" refer to "Sergius Paulus." The first word "he" refers to Sergius Paulus, the proconsul; the second word "he" refers to Elymas (also called Bar-Jesus), the magician. + +# the whole island + +They crossed from one side of the island to the other and shared the gospel message in each town they passed through. + +# Paphos + +a major city on Cyprus island where the proconsul lived + +# they found + +Here "found" means they came upon him without looking for him. AT: "they met" or "they came upon" + +# a certain magician + +"a particular person who practices witchcraft" or "a person who practices supernatural magic arts" + +# whose name was Bar Jesus + +"Bar Jesus" means "Son of Jesus." There is no relation between this man and Jesus Christ. Jesus was a common name at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# associated with + +"was often with" or "was often in the company of" + +# proconsul + +This was a governor in charge of a Roman province. AT: "governor" + +# who was an intelligent man + +This is background information about Sergius Paulus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Elymas "the magician" + +This was Bar-Jesus, who was also called "the magician." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# that is how his name is translated + +"that was what he was called in Greek" + +# opposed them; he tried to turn + +"resisted them by trying to turn" or "attempted to stop them by trying to turn" + +# tried to turn the proconsul away from the faith + +"attempted to persuade the governor not to believe the gospel message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/09.md b/act/13/09.md index 7b21de16ad..d239d38d9f 100644 --- a/act/13/09.md +++ b/act/13/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +While on the island of Paphos, Paul begins to talk to Elymas. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Saul, who is called Paul** - "who people called Paul" or "who called himself Paul (UDB)". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he gazed at him** - "Saul looked intently at Elymas the magician" -* **you son of the devil ** - "Son of" is an idiom to be like something. It can be translated as 1) "you child of the devil" or 2) "you are like the devil" or 3) "you act like the devil." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you are full of all kinds of deceit and wickedness ** - "you are always intent in causing others to believe what is not true using falsehood and always doing what is wrong" -* **wickedness** - In this context it means to be lazy and not diligent in following God's law. -* **You are an enemy of every kind of righteousness** - Paul is grouping Elymas with the devil. Just as the devil is an enemy of God and is against righteousness, so was Elymas against God and his righteousness. -* **You will never stop twisting the straight paths of the Lord, will you?** - Paul is rebuking the magician for following the devil. This can be stated as "You must stop saying that the truth about the Lord God is false" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **the straight paths of the Lord** - This is an expression for "what is true about the Lord." Paul was rebuking the magician for calling what was true about the Lord lies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The words "him," "You," and "you" refer to the magician Elymas (also called Bar Jesus). (See: [Acts 13:6-8](./06.md)) + +# Saul, who is also called Paul + +"Saul" as his Jewish name, and "Paul" was his Roman name. Since he was speaking to a Roman official, he used his Roman name. AT: "Saul, who now called himself Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# stared at him intensely + +"looked at him intensely" + +# You son of the devil + +Paul is saying the man is acting like the devil. AT: "You are like the devil" or "You act like the devil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you are full of all kinds of deceit and wickedness + +"you are always intent in causing others to believe what is not true using falsehood and always doing what is wrong" + +# wickedness + +In this context it means to be lazy and not diligent in following God's law. + +# You are an enemy of every kind of righteousness + +Paul is grouping Elymas with the devil. Just as the devil is an enemy of God and is against righteousness, so also was Elymas. + +# You will never stop twisting the straight paths of the Lord, will you? + +Paul uses this question to rebuke Elymas for opposing God. AT: "You are always saying that the truth about the Lord God is false!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the straight paths of the Lord + +Here "straight paths" refer to the ways that are true. AT: "the true ways of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/11.md b/act/13/11.md index 9f192fd51c..743d483b71 100644 --- a/act/13/11.md +++ b/act/13/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Paul finishes speaking to Elymas. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (Paul continues speaking to Elymas in verse 11.) -* **the hand of the Lord is upon you** - This is an expression for the power of God is ready to punish you. This can be translated as "The Lord will punish you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you will become blind** - "God will make you blind" -* **You will not see the sun** - Elymas will be completely blind. He will not even see the light of the sun. -* **for a while** - "for a period of time" or "until the time appointed by God" -* **there fell on Elymas a mist and darkness** - "a mist and darkness fell on Elymas" or "a dark mist fell on Elymas" or "the eyes of Elymas became blurry and then darkness" or "Elymas started not to see clearly and then he cannot see anything anymore" -* **he started going around** - "Elymas wondered around" or "Elymas started feeling around" -* **proconsul** - The governor in charge of the Roman province. This can be translated as “governor.” -* **he believed** - "the proconsul believed" or "the proconsul believed in Jesus" -* **he was astonished at** - "the proconsul was astonished by" or "the proconsul felt with great wonder" +The words "you" and "him" refer to Elymas, the magician. + +# General Information: + +The word "he" refers to the Sergius Paulus, proconsul (governor of Paphos). + +# the hand of the Lord is upon you + +Here "hand' represents the power of God and "upon you" implies punishment. AT: "The Lord will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will become blind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make you blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will not see the sun + +Elymas will be so completely blind that he not even be able to see the sun. AT: "You will not even see the sun" + +# for a while + +"for a period of time" or "until the time appointed by God" + +# there fell on Elymas a mist and darkness + +"the eyes of Elymas became blurry and then dark" or "Elymas started seeing unclearly and then he could not see anything" + +# he started going around + +"Elymas wandered around" or "Elymas started feeling around and" + +# proconsul + +This was a governor in charge of a Roman province. AT: "governor" + +# he believed + +"he believed in Jesus" + +# he was astonished at the teaching about the Lord + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the teaching about the Lord amazed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/13.md b/act/13/13.md index be18bb7567..76ca276c8b 100644 --- a/act/13/13.md +++ b/act/13/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:johnmark]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +This is a new part of the story about Paul in Antioch in Pisidia. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now** - This begins a new part of the story. (See: [[:en:ta:workbench:discourse:home]]). -* **Paul and his friends set sail from Paphos ** - "Paul and those who are with him traveled by boat from Paphos." These friends were Barnabas and John Mark. -* **But John left them ** - "But John Mark left Paul and Barnabas" -* **came to Perga in Pamphilia ** - "arrived in Perga which is in Pamphilia" -* **After the reading of the law and the prophets** - This is an expression for, "After someone read from the books concerning the law and the books concerning the prophets." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **sent them a message** - "told someone to talk to Paul and his companions" -* **if you have any message of encouragement** - "if anyone among you has any words of encouragement" -* **say it ** - "please speak it" or "please tell it to us" +Verses 13 and 14 give background information about this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# General Information: + +"Paul and his friends" were Barnabas and John Mark (also called John). From this point on, Saul is called Paul in Acts. Paul's name is listed first which indicates that he had become the leader of the group. It is important to keep this order in the translation. + +# Now + +This marks the beginning of a new part of the story. + +# set sail from Paphos + +"traveled by sailboat from Paphos" + +# came to Perga in Pamphylia + +"arrived in Perga which is in Pamphylia" + +# But John left them + +"But John Mark left Paul and Barnabas" + +# Antioch of Pisidia + +"the city of Antioch in the district of Pisidia" + +# After the reading of the law and the prophets + +The "law and the prophets" refer to parts of the Jewish scriptures which were read. AT: "After someone read from the books of the law and the writings of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# sent them a message saying + +"told someone to say" or "asked someone to say" + +# Brothers + +The term "brothers" is here used by the people in the synagogue to refer to Paul and Barnabas as fellow Jews. + +# if you have any message of encouragement + +"if you want to say anything to encourage us" + +# say it + +"please speak it" or "please tell it to us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/16.md b/act/13/16.md index bb957af6fe..0f2455ca22 100644 --- a/act/13/16.md +++ b/act/13/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Paul begins his speech to those in the synagogue in Pisidian Antioch. He begins by talking about things that happened in Israel's history. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **motioned with his hands ** - The motion of his hands could refer to moving his hands as a signal that he was ready to speak. This can be translated as "moved his hands to show that he was about to speak." -* **you who honor God ** - This refers to Gentiles who converted to believing and worshipping God. This can be translated as "you who are not from Israel but worship God." -* **listen ** - "listen to me" or "listen to what I am about to say" -* **the God of this people Israel** - "The God the people of Israel worship" -* **chose our forefathers ** - The pronoun 'our' is exclusive, referring to Paul and his fellow Jews. This can be translated as "chose the Jewish people long ago." -* **when they stayed** - "when the Israelites stayed" -* **led he them out of it** - "God led the Israelites to leave the land of Egypt" -* **he put up with them** - "God tolerated them" or "God endured their disobedience" +The first word "he" refers to Paul. The second word "he" refers to God. + +# General Information: + +Here the word "our" refers to Paul and his fellow Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# General Information: + +The words "they" and "them" refer to the Israelites. + +# motioned with his hand + +This could refer to moving his hands as a signal that he was ready to speak. AT: "moved his hands to show that he was about to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# you who honor God + +This refers to Gentiles who had converted to Judaism. AT: "you who are not Israelites but who worship God." + +# listen + +"listen to me" or "listen to what I am about to say" + +# The God of this people Israel + +"The God the people of Israel worship" + +# our fathers + +"our ancestors" + +# made the people numerous + +"caused them to become very numerous" + +# with an uplifted arm + +This refers to God's mighty power. AT: "with great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# out of it + +"out from the land of Egypt" + +# he put up with them + +This means "he tolerated them." Some versions have have a different word that means "he took care of them." AT: "God endured their disobedience" or "God took care of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/19.md b/act/13/19.md index c7463bbf55..dbd93c20a2 100644 --- a/act/13/19.md +++ b/act/13/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] +Here the word "he" refers to God. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (Paul continues to speak) -* **After he had** - After God had -* **he gave our people** - "God gave Paul's people" or "God gave the people of Israel" -* **their land** - "the homeland of the people of Israel" -* **took place over four hundred and fifty years ** - "occurred over 450 years" -* **God gave them** - "God gave the people of Israel" -* **until Samuel the prophet ** - "until the time of Samuel the prophet" +The words "their land" refer to the land the seven nations had previously occupied. + +# General Information: + +The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. The word "our" refers to Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# nations + +Here the word "nations" refers to different people groups and not to geographical boundaries. + +# took place over four hundred and fifty years + +"took more than 450 years to accomplish" + +# until Samuel the prophet + +"until the time of the prophet Samuel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/21.md b/act/13/21.md index a093240f85..ab82af0f37 100644 --- a/act/13/21.md +++ b/act/13/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +The quotation here is from the history of Samuel and from a Psalm of Ethan in the Old Testament. -## translationNotes +# for forty years -* (Paul continues to speak.) -* **for the time of forty years** - "to be their king for a period of forty (40) years" -* **he raised up David** - "God chose David" -* **their king** - "king of Israel" or "king over the Israelites" -* **It was about David that God said** - "God said this about David" -* **I have found David the son of Jesse to be** - "I have observed that David, the son of Jesse, is" -* **a man after my heart** - This is an expression for "a man who desires what I desire" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"to be their king for forty years" + +# removed him from the kingship + +This expression means God caused Saul to stop being king. AT: "rejected Saul from being king" + +# he raised up David to be their king + +"God chose David to be their king." Here "raised up" is an idiom that means God caused David to become the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# their king + +"the king of Israel" or "the king over the Israelites" + +# It was about David that God said + +"God said this about David" + +# I have found + +"I have observed that" + +# to be a man after my heart + +This expression means he "is a man who wants what I want." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/23.md b/act/13/23.md index c362458e03..683870c662 100644 --- a/act/13/23.md +++ b/act/13/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +The quotation here is from the Gospels. -## translationNotes +# From this man's descendants -* (Paul continues to speak.) -* **From this man’s descendants** - "From David's descendants" -* **as he promised to do ** - "as God promised He would do" -* **the baptism of repentance** - "baptism which signifies repentance" -* **Who do you think I am? ** - John the Baptist asks this question while teaching the people to get them to think about who he is. It could also be translated as, "Think about who I am." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **the shoes of whose feet I am not worthy to untie** - "I am not worthy even to untie his shoes" +"From David's descendants." This is placed at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize that the savior had to be one of David's descendants. (See: [Acts 13:22](./21.md)) + +# brought to Israel + +This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "gave to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as he promised to do + +"just as God promised he would do" + +# the baptism of repentance + +You can translate the word "repentance" as the verb "repent." AT: "the baptism to repent" or "the baptism that people requested when they wanted to repent for their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Who do you think I am? + +John asked this question to compel the people to think about who he was. AT: "Think about who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I am not the one + +John was referring to the Messiah, whom they were expecting to come. AT: "I am not the Messiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But listen + +This emphasizes the importance of what he will say next. + +# one is coming after me + +This also refers to the Messiah. AT: "The Messiah will soon come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the shoes of whose feet I am not worthy to untie + +"I am not worthy even to untie his shoes." The Messiah is so much greater than John that he did not even feel worthy do the lowest job for him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/26.md b/act/13/26.md index 9f05276016..9d07854663 100644 --- a/act/13/26.md +++ b/act/13/26.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Here the word "us" includes Paul and his entire audience in the synagogue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (Paul continues to speak.) -* **children of the line of Abraham** - "descendants of Abraham" (UDB) -* **it is to us** - "us" is inclusive and refers to Paul and his entire audience in the synagogue. -* **did not really know him** - "did not really know Jesus" -* **the message about this salvation has been sent** - "God has sent the message about this salvation". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **the voices of the prophets ** - This is an expression for "the writings or books of the prophets." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **so they fulfilled the prophets' messages** - "So the leaders in Jerusalem actually did just what the prophets said they would do" -* **which are read** - "which someone reads". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). +The word "they" and "their" refers to the Jews who lived in Jerusalem. + +# Brothers, children of the line of Abraham ... who worship God + +Paul addresses his audience of Jews and Gentile converts to Judaism to remind them of their special status as worshiping the true God. + +# the message about this salvation has been sent + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has sent the message about this salvation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# about this salvation + +The word "salvation" can be translated with the verb "save." AT: "that God will save people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# did not recognize him + +"did not realize that this man Jesus was the one whom God had sent to save them" + +# sayings of the prophets + +Here the word "sayings" represents the message of the prophets. AT: "the writings of the prophets" or "the message of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that are read + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which someone reads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they fulfilled sayings of the prophets + +"they actually did just what the prophets said they would do in the books of the prophets" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/28.md b/act/13/28.md index 53eae5761a..ced45b0eeb 100644 --- a/act/13/28.md +++ b/act/13/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Here the word "they" refers to the Jewish people and their religious leaders in Jerusalem. The word him" here refers to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# they found no good cause for death -* (Paul continues to speak.) -* **they** - Multiple "they" refers to the Jewish leaders -* **him** - Multiple "him" refers to Jesus -* **they found no good cause for death** - The Jewish leaders just wanted to kill Jesus for no good reason. This can be translated as, "the Jewish leaders found no good reason for Jesus to die." -* **they asked Pilate** - The word "asked" here is a strong word meaning to demand, beg or plead for. -* **When they had completed all the things that were written about him** - "When the Jewish leaders did all the things to Jesus that were written in the books of the prophets including Jesus dying" -* ** they took him down from the tree** - "Some of the leaders took Jesus down from the cross after Jesus died" +"they did not find any reason why Jesus should be killed" + +# they asked Pilate + +The word "asked" here is a strong word meaning to demand, beg or plead for. + +# When they had completed all the things that were written about him + +"When thy did to Jesus all the things that the prophets said would happen to him" + +# they took him down from the tree + +It may be helpful to explicitly say Jesus died before this happened. AT: "they killed Jesus and then took him down from the cross after he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the tree + +"from the cross." This was another way people at that time referred to the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/30.md b/act/13/30.md index 524ea95457..68a411078f 100644 --- a/act/13/30.md +++ b/act/13/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But God raised him -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"But" indicates a strong contrast between what the people did and what God did. -## translationNotes +# raised him from the dead ones -* (Paul continues to speak.) -* **But God raised him** - "But God raised Jesus" -* **He was seen** - "Jesus was seen" -* **are now his witnesses to the people** - "are now testifying to the people about Jesus" +"raised him from the ones that were dead." To be with "the dead ones" means that Jesus was dead. + +# raised + +"made alive again" + +# He was seen ... Galilee to Jerusalem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The disciples who traveled with Jesus from Galilee to Jerusalem saw him for many days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# many days + +We know from other writings that this period was 40 days. Translate "many days" with a term that would be appropriate for that length of time. + +# are now his witnesses to the people + +"are now testifying to the people about Jesus" or "are now telling the people about Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/32.md b/act/13/32.md index 399e2dce45..25c914f926 100644 --- a/act/13/32.md +++ b/act/13/32.md @@ -1,20 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +The second quotation here is from the prophet Isaiah. -## translationNotes +# So -* (Paul continues to speak.) -* **the promises made to our forefathers** - "the promises God made to our forefathers" -* **God has kept these promises** - "God has fulfilled these promises" -* **to us, their children** - "to us, who are the children of our forefathers," -* **in that he raised up Jesus from the dead ** - "by raising Jesus from among the dead" -* **This is also what was written ** - "This truth is also written" -* **about the fact that he raised him up from the dead so that his body will not decay, he has spoken like this ** - God spoke these words about raising Jesus from death so that Jesus' body would not decay" -* **the holy and sure blessings** - "the holy and certain blessings" +This word marks an event that happened because of previous event. In this case, the previous event is God's raising Jesus from the dead. + +# our fathers + +"our ancestors." Paul is still speaking to the Jews and Gentile converts in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia. These were the physical ancestors of the Jews, and the spiritual ancestors of the converts. + +# what God promised to our fathers he has fulfilled for us, their children + +"God has fulfilled for us these promises that he made to our ancestors" + +# for us, their children + +"for us, who are the children of our ancestors." Paul is still speaking to the Jews and Gentile converts in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia. These were the physical ancestors of the Jews, and the spiritual ancestors of the converts. + +# by raising up Jesus + +"by making Jesus alive again" + +# As it is written in the second Psalm + +"This is what was written in the second Psalm" + +# the second Psalm + +"Psalm 2" + +# Son ... Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# The fact that he raised him up from the dead ones so that his body would never decay, God has spoken in this way + +"God spoke these words about his making Jesus alive again so that he would never die again" + +# from the dead ones + +The phrase "the dead ones" refers to the people who have died. To be raised from among them means to become alive again. + +# sure blessings + +"certain blessings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/35.md b/act/13/35.md index aed859eeb2..0fe4755f37 100644 --- a/act/13/35.md +++ b/act/13/35.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# This is why he also says in another Psalm -* [[en:tw:David]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] +Paul's audience would have understood that this Psalm refers to the Messiah. AT: "In another Psalm of David, he also says about the Messiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# he also says -* (Paul continues to speak.) -* **he also says ** - "David also says" -* **You** - David is speaking to God -* **experience decay** - "for his body to rot" -* **in his own generation** - "during his lifetime" -* **served the desires of God** - "served God" or "sought to please God" -* **he fell asleep ** - "he died" -* **was laid with his fathers - ** - **"was buried with his ancestors who had died" -* **but he whom** - "But Jesus whom" -* **experienced no decay.** - "his body did not rot" +"David also says." David is the author of Psalm 16 from which this quotation is taken. + +# You will not allow your Holy One to see decay + +The phrase "see decay" is a metonym for "decay." AT: "You will not allow the body of your Holy One to rot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You will not allow + +David is speaking to God here. + +# in his own generation + +"during his lifetime" + +# served the desires of God + +"did what God wanted him to do" or "did what pleased God" + +# he fell asleep + +This was a polite way to refer to death. AT: "he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was laid with his fathers + +"was buried with his ancestors who had died" + +# experienced decay + +The phrase "experienced decay" is a metonym for "his body decayed." AT: "his body rotted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But he whom + +"but Jesus whom" + +# experienced no decay + +The phrase "experienced no decay" is a way to say "his body did not decay." AT: "did not rot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/38.md b/act/13/38.md index 36b9f32e96..db4f31f034 100644 --- a/act/13/38.md +++ b/act/13/38.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Here the word "him" refers to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# let it be known to you -* (Paul continues to speak.) -* **let it be known to you** - "know this" or "this is important for you to know" -* **that through this man is proclaimed to you forgiveness of sins** - "that we proclaim to you that your sins can be forgiven through Jesus christ" -* **By him** - "By Jesus" or "Through Jesus" -* **things** - "sins" +"know this" or "this is important for you to know" + +# brothers + +Paul uses this term because they are his fellow-Jews and followers of Judaism. They are not Christian believers at this point. AT: "my fellow Israelites and other friends" + +# that through this man is proclaimed to you forgiveness of sins + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that we proclaim to you that your sins can be forgiven through Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# forgiveness of sins + +The abstract noun "forgiveness" can be translated with the verb "to forgive." AT: "that God can forgive your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# By him every one who believes + +"By him every person who believes" or "Every one who believes in him" + +# By him every one who believes is justified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus justifies everyone who believes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the things + +"all the sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/40.md b/act/13/40.md index d3b31cd052..649afa9ecc 100644 --- a/act/13/40.md +++ b/act/13/40.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul finishes his speech in the synagogue in Pisidian Antioch, which he began in [Acts 13:16](./16.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (Paul continues to speak.) -* **that the thing the prophets spoke about** - "so that what the prophets spoke about" -* **happen to you** - "You" refers to the synagogue audience. -* **'Look, you despisers** - "be alert you who feel contempt" or "be alert you who ridicule me" -* **and then perish** - "and then die" -* **For I am** - "I" refers to God. -* **am doing a work** - "am doing something" or "am doing a deed" -* **in your days** - "during your lifetime" -* **a work that** - "I am doing something which" -* **even if someone announces it to you** - "even if someone told you about it" +In his message to the people in the synagogue, Paul quotes the prophet Habakkuk. + +# General Information: + +Here the word "I" refers to God. + +# be careful + +It is implied that the thing they should be careful about is Paul's message. AT: "give close attention to the things I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that the thing the prophets spoke about + +"so that what the prophets spoke about" + +# Look, you despisers + +"you who feel contempt" or "you who ridicule" + +# be astonished + +"be amazed" or "be shocked" + +# then perish + +"then die" + +# am doing a work + +"am doing something" or "am doing a deed" + +# in your days + +"during your lifetime" + +# A work that + +"I am doing something which" + +# even if someone announces it to you + +"even if someone tells you about it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/42.md b/act/13/42.md index dc8ae69ef8..995e7f2435 100644 --- a/act/13/42.md +++ b/act/13/42.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# As Paul and Barnabas left -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +"When Paul and Barnabas were leaving" -## translationNotes +# begged them that they might -* **As Paul and Barnabas left** - "When Paul and Barnabas were leaving" -* **begged them that they might** - "begged them to" -* **proselytes** - these were non-Jewish people who converted to Judaism. -* **who spoke to them and urged them** - "and Paul and Barnabas spoke to those people and urged them" -* **to continue in the grace of God** - "to continue trusting in the grace of God" +"begged them to" + +# these same words + +Here "words" refers to the message that Paul had spoken. AT: "this same message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When the synagogue meeting ended + +Possible meanings are 1) this restates "As Paul and Barnabas left" in verse 42 or 2) Paul and Barnabas left the meeting before it ended and this occurs later. + +# proselytes + +These were non-Jewish people who converted to Judaism. + +# who spoke to them and urged them + +"and Paul and Barnabas spoke to those people and urged them" + +# to continue in the grace of God + +It is implied that they believed Paul's message that Jesus was the Messiah. AT: "to continue to trust that God kindly forgives people's sins because of what Jesus did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/44.md b/act/13/44.md index 6b5c55d9c7..8602e060f7 100644 --- a/act/13/44.md +++ b/act/13/44.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +Here the word "him" refers to Paul. -## translationNotes +# almost the whole city -* **almost the whole city ** - This is metonymy for "almost all of the people in the city." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **almost the whole city** - This is an example of a hyperbole explained. "the whole city" being the hyperbole and "almost" clarifying what was meant by the hyperbole. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]].) -* **the Jews** - This is metonymy for "the Jewish leaders." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they were filled with jealousy** - "the Jewish leaders were filled with jealousy" or "the Jewish leaders became very jealous" -* **insulted him** - "insulted Paul" +The "city" represents the people in the city. This phrase is used to show the great response to the Lord's word. AT: "almost all the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to hear the word of the Lord + +It is implied that Paul and Barnabas were the ones who spoke the word of the Lord. AT: "to hear Paul and Barnabas speak about the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Jews + +Here "Jews" represents Jewish leaders. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# filled with jealousy + +Here jealousy is spoken of as if it were something that could fill up a person. AT: "became very jealous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spoke against + +"contradicted" or "opposed" + +# the things that were said by Paul + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that Paul said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/46.md b/act/13/46.md index cc43fef86a..05586a0490 100644 --- a/act/13/46.md +++ b/act/13/46.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The first two instances of the word "you" are plural and refer to the Jews to whom Paul is speaking. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **that the word of God should first be spoken to you** - "that we speak the word of God to you first". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **first be spoken to you** - "first be spoken to you Jews" -* **Seeing you push it away from yourselves** - "Seeing you Jews reject the word of God" -* **consider yourselves unworthy of eternal life** - The Jewish people rejected Paul's message of eternal life through Jesus Christ. -* **we will turn** - "we" refers to Paul & Barnabas but not the crowd that was present. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **I have placed you as a light** - This quote was taken from the Old Testament where "I" was God and "you" was originally referring to the Messiah Jesus Christ. Paul expressed how this quote also applies to himself and Barnabas in that they are to share the word of God to the Gentiles as well. +Here the words "we" and "us" refers to Paul and Barnabas but not the crowd that was present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# General Information: + +Paul's quotation is from the prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament. In the original passage, the word "I" refers to God and the word "you" is singular and refers to the Messiah. Here, Paul and Barnabas seem to be saying that the quotation also refers to their ministry. + +# It was necessary + +This implies that God had commanded this be done. AT: "God commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that the word of God should first be spoken to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that we speak the word of God to you first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Seeing you push it away from yourselves + +Their rejection of the word of God is spoken of as if it were something they pushed away. AT: "Since you reject the word of God" + +# consider yourselves unworthy of eternal life + +"have shown that you are not worthy of eternal life" or "act as though you are not worthy of eternal life" + +# we will turn to the Gentiles + +Here "turn" refers to a change in to whom they would teach. AT: "we will now tell the message to the Gentiles" + +# as a light + +Here the truth about Jesus that Paul was preaching is spoken of as if it were a light that allowed people to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bring salvation to the uttermost parts of the earth + +The abstract word "salvation" can be translated with the verb "to save." The phrase "uttermost parts" refers to everywhere. AT: "tell people everywhere in the world that I want to save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/48.md b/act/13/48.md index 7e4db005a1..a0269bc543 100644 --- a/act/13/48.md +++ b/act/13/48.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# praised the word of the Lord -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here "word" refers to the message about Jesus that they had believed. AT: "praised God for the message about the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# As many as were appointed to eternal life -* **as many as were appointed to eternal life** - "all the people whom God had chosen to receive eternal life " -* **were appointed to eternal life** - "God chose to give eternal life" -* **The word of the Lord was spread out** - Those who believed went out telling others about the message of Jesus Christ. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As many as God appointed to eternal life believed" or "All the people whom God had chosen to receive eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The word of the Lord was spread out through the whole region + +Here "word" refers to the message about Jesus. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Those who believed spread the word of the Lord through the whole region" or "Those who believed went everywhere in the region and told others about the message of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/50.md b/act/13/50.md index 34a490aca2..d3ae725deb 100644 --- a/act/13/50.md +++ b/act/13/50.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] +This ends Paul and Barnabas' time in Antioch of Pisidia and they go to Iconium. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **the Jews** - "the Jewish leaders" -* **urged on** - "persuaded" or "convinced" or a metaphorical language like "stirred up or "fanned the flame so that" -* **These stirred up a persecution** - "These important women and men incited persecution" -* **threw them out beyond the border of their city** - "removed Paul and Barnabas from their city" or "expelled Paul and Barnabas from their region" -* **shook off the dust from their feet against them** - Symbolic act to indicate to the unbelieving people there that God had rejected them and would punish them -* **they went** - "Paul and Barnabas went" +Here the word "they" refers to Paul and Barnabas. + +# the Jews + +This probably refers to the leaders of the Jews. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# urged on + +"convinced" or "stirred up" + +# the leading men + +"the most important men" + +# These stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas + +"They convinced the important men and women to persecute Paul and Barnabas" + +# threw them out beyond the border of their city + +"removed Paul and Barnabas from their city" + +# shook off the dust from their feet against them + +This was a symbolic act to indicate to the unbelieving people that God had rejected them and would punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the disciples + +This probably refers to the new believers in the Antioch of Pisidia that Paul and Silas just left. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/intro.md b/act/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7dbc7dd15d --- /dev/null +++ b/act/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Acts 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:33-36, 41, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +The chapter marks the beginning of the second half of Acts which focuses on Paul instead of Peter. The church's ministry shifts its focus from the Jewish people to the Gentiles. Peter was the apostle ministering to the Jews, while Paul was the apostle who was responsible for the ministry to the Gentiles. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "A light for the Gentiles" ##### +Light is a common image used in Scripture. The Jews were supposed to reveal the true God, Yahweh, to the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Old Testament history ##### +A major part of this chapter involves recalling the history of the people of Israel. It will be difficult to understand and translate if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Paul seems to focus on Jesus being the Messiah, and the promised descendant of David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/01.md b/act/14/01.md index 2afb10f525..2b9786cafa 100644 --- a/act/14/01.md +++ b/act/14/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:iconium]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +The story of Paul and Barnabas in Iconium continues. -## translationNotes +# It came about in Iconium that -* **It came about in Iconium** - "The same thing happened in Iconium" -* **But the Jews who were disobedient stirred up the minds of the Gentiles and made them bitter against the brothers** - “But the disobedient Jews turned the minds of Gentiles hostile against the believers” +Possible meanings here are 1) "It happened in Iconium that" or 2) "In Iconium as usual" + +# spoke in such a way + +"spoke so powerfully." It may be helpful to state that they spoke the message about Jesus. AT: "spoke the message about Jesus so powerfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Jews who were disobedient + +This refers to a portion of the Jews who did not believe the message about Jesus. + +# stirred up the minds of the Gentiles + +Causing the Gentiles to become angry is spoken of as if calm waters were disturbed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the minds + +Here the word "minds" refers to the people. AT: "the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to Paul and Barnabas and the new believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/03.md b/act/14/03.md index 440eb7ebe2..53069ce09a 100644 --- a/act/14/03.md +++ b/act/14/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +Here the word "He" refers to the Lord. -## translationNotes +# So they stayed there -* **So they stayed there** - Paul & Barnabas stayed at Iconium for the many believers. "So" can be omitted if it adds confusion to the text. -* **he gave evidence** - "the Lord gave evidence" -* **about his grace** - "about the Lord's grace" -* **evidence about the message ** - "evidence that the message was true" -* **by the hands of Paul and Barnabas** - This is an expression referring to the people Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **granting signs and wonders** - Jesus enabled Paul and Barnabas to perform signs and wonders. AT: "enabled them to do many miracles" (UDB). -* **sided with** - "supported" or "favored" -* **with the apostles** - In this instance Luke is referring to Paul and Barnabas as apostles, placing them on the same level as the twelve apostles. +"Nevertheless they stayed there." Paul and Barnabas stayed in Iconium to help the many people who had believed in [Acts 14:1](./01.md). "So" could be omitted if it adds confusion to the text. + +# gave evidence about the message of his grace + +"demonstrated that the message about his grace was true" + +# about the message of his grace + +"about the message of the Lord's grace" + +# by granting signs and wonders to be done by the hands of Paul and Barnabas + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by enabling Paul and Barnabas to perform signs and wonders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the hands of Paul and Barnabas + +Here "hands" refers to the will and effort of these two men as guided by the Holy Spirit. AT: "by the ministry of Paul and Barnabas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the majority of the city was divided + +Here "city"refers to the people in the city. AT: "most of the people of the city were divided" or "most of the people of the city did not agree with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sided with the Jews + +"supported the Jews" or "agreed with the Jews." The first group mentioned did not agree with the message about grace. + +# with the apostles + +The second group mentioned agreed with the message about grace. It may be helpful to restate the verb. AT: "sided with the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the apostles + +Luke refers to Paul and Barnabas. Here "apostle" might be used in the general sense of "ones sent out." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/05.md b/act/14/05.md index 3f777b3496..97b523f3fb 100644 --- a/act/14/05.md +++ b/act/14/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lystra]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +Here the word "they" refers to Paul and Barnabas. -## translationNotes +# attempted to persuade their leaders -* **persuade their leaders** - "convince the leaders of Iconium" -* **they became aware of it** - "Paul and Barnabas became aware of the plan to harm them" -* **Lycaonia** - A district in Asia Minor -* **Lystra** - A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and north of Derbe -* **Derbe** - A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and Lystra -* **and there they were preaching the gospel** - "and there also Paul and Barnabas were preaching the gospel" +"tried to convince the leaders of Iconium." Here "attempted" implies they were not able to fully persuade them before the apostles left the city. + +# to mistreat and stone Paul and Barnabas + +"to beat Paul and Barnabas and to kill them by throwing stones at them" + +# Lycaonia + +A district in Asia Minor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Lystra + +A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and north of Derbe (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Derbe + +A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and Lystra (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# there they were proclaiming the gospel + +"Paul and Barnabas also preached the gospel there" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/08.md b/act/14/08.md index 95b1a53b5b..1422948d91 100644 --- a/act/14/08.md +++ b/act/14/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:lystra]] +Paul and Barnabas are now in Lystra. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **he said to him** - "Paul said to the crippled man" -* **a cripple from his mother’s womb, who never had walked ** - "who was a cripple from birth, was unable to walk". -* **Paul fixed his eyes on him** - "Paul looked straight at him" -* **saw that he** - "saw that the crippled man" -* **to be made well** - "to be healed" +The first word "he" refers to the crippled man; the second word "he" refers to Paul. The word "him" refers to the crippled man. + +# a certain man sat + +This introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# powerless in his feet + +"unable to move his legs" or "unable to walk on his feet" + +# cripple + +"lame" + +# a cripple from his mother's womb + +"a cripple from birth" + +# Paul fixed his eyes on him + +"Paul looked straight at him" + +# had faith to be made well + +The abstract noun "faith" can be translated with the verb "believe." AT: "believed that Jesus could heal him" or "believed that Jesus could make him well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# jumped up + +"leaped in the air." This implies that his legs were completely healed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/11.md b/act/14/11.md index 12bc979a74..88f35cb52f 100644 --- a/act/14/11.md +++ b/act/14/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# what Paul had done -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This refers to Paul's healing the crippled man. -## translationNotes +# The gods have come down to us -* **raised their voice** - "shouted excitedly" (UDB) -* **The gods have come down to us ** - A large number of people believed Paul and Barnabas were their Pagan gods who came down from the sky or heaven. This can be translated as "The gods have come down from the sky to us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in the form of men** - These people believed that the gods may not be fully human in appearance. -* **because he was** - "because Paul was" -* **oxen and wreaths** - the animals were to be sacrificed and the wreaths were either to crown Paul and Barnabas or put on the animals for sacrifice. -* **he and the multitudes** - "the priest and the crowds" (UDB) +A large number of people believed Paul and Barnabas were their pagan gods who had come down from heaven. AT: "The gods have come down from heaven to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the dialect of Lycaonia + +"in their own Lycaonian language." The people of Lystra spoke Lycaonian and also Greek. + +# in the form of men + +These people believed that the gods needed to change their appearance in order to look like men. + +# Zeus + +Zeus was the king over all the other pagan gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hermes + +Hermes was the pagan god who brought messages to people from Zeus and the other gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The priest of Zeus, whose temple was just outside the city, brought + +It may be helpful to include additional information about the priest. AT: "There was a temple just outside the city where the people worshiped Zeus. When the priest who served in the temple heard what Paul and Barnabas had done, he brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# oxen and wreaths + +The oxen were to be sacrificed. The wreaths were either to crown Paul and Barnabas, or put on the oxen for sacrifice. + +# to the gates + +The gates of the cities were often used as a meeting place for the people of the city. + +# wanted to offer sacrifice + +"wanted to offer sacrifice to Paul and Barnabas as the gods Zeus and Hermes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/14.md b/act/14/14.md index 1d89b4e6f8..06111e1597 100644 --- a/act/14/14.md +++ b/act/14/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the apostles, Barnabas and Paul -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Luke is here probably using "apostle" in the general sense of "one sent out." -## translationNotes +# they tore their clothing -* **the apostles** - Luke is calling Paul and Barnabas "apostles" equating them with the original twelve apostles. (See: Verse [[:en:bible:notes:act:14:03]]) -* **Men, why are you doing these things?** - Paul and Barnabas are rebuking the people for trying to sacrifice to them. This can be stated as, "Men, you must not do these things!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **with the same feelings as you - ** - ** This could be translated as "like you in every way." -* **turn from these useless things** - "stop worshipping these worthless idols" or "stop worshipping these false gods" -* **a living God** - "instead, worship the living God" -* **to walk in** - "to live according to" +This was a symbolic action to show that they were deeply distressed and upset that the crowd wanted to sacrifice to them. + +# Men, why are you doing these things? + +Barnabas and Paul are rebuking the people for trying to sacrifice to them. AT: "Men, you must not worship us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# We also are human beings with the same feelings as you + +By this statement, Barnabas and Paul are saying that they are not gods. AT: "We are just human beings like you. We are not gods!" + +# with the same feelings as you + +"like you in every way" + +# turn from these useless things to a living God + +"stop worshiping these false gods that cannot help you, and instead begin to worship the living God" + +# a living God + +"a God who truly exists" or "a God who lives" + +# In the past ages + +"In previous times" or "Until now" + +# to walk in + +"to live according to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/17.md b/act/14/17.md index 5a4230c0f1..b403268cbd 100644 --- a/act/14/17.md +++ b/act/14/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Paul and Barnabas continue speaking to the crowd outside the city of Lystra. (See: [Acts 14:8](./08.md)) -## translationNotes +# he did not leave himself without witness -* (Paul and Barnabas continue their exhortation.) -* **he did not leave himself** - "God did not leave himself" -* **in that** - This could be translated as "as evidenced by the fact that." -* **gave you…filling your hearts** - Paul is referring to his whole audience in "you." -* **filling your hearts with food and gladness** - "giving you enough to eat and things to be happy about" -* **Paul and Barnabas barely kept the multitudes from sacrificing to them** - The multitudes almost sacrificed bulls to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This could also be stated in positive form. AT: "God has certainly left a witness" or "God has indeed testified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# in that + +"as shown by the fact that" + +# filling your hearts with food and gladness + +Here "you hearts" refers to the people. AT: "giving you enough to eat and things about which to be happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Paul and Barnabas barely kept the multitudes from sacrificing to them + +Paul and Barnabas stopped the multitude from sacrificing to them, but it was difficult to do so. + +# barely kept + +"had difficulty preventing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/19.md b/act/14/19.md index eb95071882..8b091f8640 100644 --- a/act/14/19.md +++ b/act/14/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:iconium]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +Here the words "he" and "him" refer to Paul. -## translationNotes +# persuaded the crowds -* **persuaded the crowds** - "turned the crowds against Paul" -* **around him...he got up...he went** - refers to Paul -* **entered the city** - "Paul re-entered Lystra with the believers" -* **he went to Derbe** - "Paul went to Derbe" +It my be helpful to explicitly state what they persuaded the crowd to do. AT: "persuaded the people not to believe Paul and Barnabas, and to turn against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the crowds + +This may not be the same group as the "multitude" in the previous verse. Some time had passed, and this might be a different group that gathered together. + +# thinking that he was dead + +"because they thought that he was already dead" + +# the disciples + +These were new believers in the city of Lystra. + +# entered the city + +"Paul re-entered Lystra with the believers" + +# he went to Derbe with Barnabas + +"Paul and Barnabas went to the city of Derbe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/21.md b/act/14/21.md index 1042939236..45c896af1a 100644 --- a/act/14/21.md +++ b/act/14/21.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lystra]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Here the words "they" and "They" refer to Paul. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **they had preached...They returned...they kept...They told** - refers to Paul and Barnabas -* **that city** - "Derbe" -* **They kept strengthening the minds of the disciples** - Paul and Barnabas caused the believers to believe and grow more firmly in the truth of the gospel. -* **encouraging them to continue in the faith** - Paul and Barnabas were encouraging them to keep trusting in Jesus. -* **They told them that it is through many sufferings that we must enter into the kingdom of God** - This is an indirect speech quote. It can be translated using a direct speech quote as, "They told them, 'It is through many sufferings that we must enter the kingdom of God.' " (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **they told them** - "Paul and Barnabas told the believers in Lystra, Iconium and Antioch" -* **we must enter** - Paul is including himself, Barnabas and the believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +Here the word "We" includes Paul, Barnabas, and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# that city + +"Derbe" (See: [Acts 14:20](./19.md)) + +# They kept strengthening the souls of the disciples + +Here "souls" refers to the disciples. This emphasizes their inner thoughts and beliefs. AT: "Paul and Barnabas urged the believers to continue to believe the message about Jesus" or "Paul and Barnabas urged the believers to continue to grow strong in their relationship with Jesus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# encouraging them to continue in the faith + +"encouraging the believers to keep trusting in Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/23.md b/act/14/23.md index 990472ca42..51eee85b56 100644 --- a/act/14/23.md +++ b/act/14/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Except for the third use of the word "they" which refers to the people that Paul and Barnabas had led to the Lord, all the words "they" here refer to Paul and Barnabas. -## translationNotes +# When they had appointed for them elders in every church -* **When they had appointed for them** - "When Paul and Barnabas had appointed leaders for the new groups of believers"​ -* **they entrusted them ** - "Paul and Barnabas entrusted the elders they appointed" -* **in whom they had believed** - "in whom the new believers had believed" -* **Then they passed…When they had spoken…they went down…from there they sailed…where they had been…which they had now completed** - "they" refers to Paul and Barnabas -* **where they had been committed to the grace of God** - "Where the people of Antioch prayed that God would care for and protect Paul and Barnabas" +"When Paul and Barnabas had appointed leaders in each new group of believers" + +# they entrusted them + +Possible meanings are 1) "Paul and Barnabas entrusted the elders they had appointed" or 2) "Paul and Barnabas entrusted the leaders and other believers" + +# in whom they had believed + +Who "they" refers to depends on your choice for the meaning of "them" in the previous note (either elders or leaders and other believers). + +# went down to Attalia + +The phrase "went down" is used here because Attalia is lower in elevation than Perga. + +# where they had been committed to the grace of God + +This can be stated in the active form. AT: "where believers and leaders in Antioch had committed Paul and Barnabas to the grace of God" or "where the people of Antioch prayed that God would care for and protect Paul and Barnabas" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/27.md b/act/14/27.md index 502bf3d796..7424172b48 100644 --- a/act/14/27.md +++ b/act/14/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] +Here the words "they," "them," and "They" refer to Paul and Barnabas. The word "he" refers to God. -## translationNotes +# gathered the church together -* **when they arrived** - "When Paul and Barnabas arrived" -* **God had done with them** - "God had done through Paul and Barnabas" -* **How he had** - "How God had" -* **he had opened a door of faith for the gentiles** - This metaphor can be translated as “God had made a way for the gentiles to believe,” or “God had made it possible for the gentiles to believe” or “God had given the Gentiles the opportunity to believe.” Just as a person cannot go through a closed door unless someone opens it, the gentiles could not have faith in God unless God made it possible. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They stayed** - "Paul and Barnabas stayed" +"called the local believers to meet together" + +# he had opened a door of faith for the Gentiles + +God's enabling the Gentiles to believe is spoken of as if he had opened a door that had prevented them from entering into faith. AT: "God had made it possible for the Gentiles to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/intro.md b/act/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e77b0d0c31 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Acts 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The message of his grace" ##### +The gospel message is one centered upon the grace of God. It is this message: God will show grace and mercy to those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Zeus and Hermes ##### + +The Gentiles in the ancient Near East worshiped many different false gods. They are contrasted with the "living God," Yahweh, because they have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "It is through many sufferings that we must enter into the kingdom of God" ##### +Suffering itself cannot lead to salvation. Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage. Some believe that suffering accompanies salvation and one should equate the phrase "entering the kingdom of God" with eternal life. Others do not wish to equate these terms, and see that suffering earns a person rewards in the future kingdom of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 14:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/01.md b/act/15/01.md index 075e216d3b..c9797be79b 100644 --- a/act/15/01.md +++ b/act/15/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Paul and Barnabas are still in Antioch when there is a dispute about the Gentiles and circumcision. -## translationNotes +# Some men -* **Certain men** - "some men" -* **came down from Judea** - "came down from" is less of a literal expression of elevation (Judea being higher in elevation than Antioch), than that of the Jewish world view. The Jews viewed travel to Jerusalem and the temple, as going “up”, and travel away from Jerusalem and the temple as going “down.” -* **taught the brothers** - "continued to teach the believers at Antioch" or "were teaching the believers at Antioch" -* **after the custom** - "according to the custom" or "following the teaching" -* **with them ** - "with the men from Judea" -* **go up to Jerusalem** - (see note above on "came down…") -* **this question** - "this issue" +"Some men." You can make explicit that these men were Jews who believed in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# came down from Judea + +The phrase "came down" is used here because Judea is higher in elevation than Antioch. + +# taught the brothers + +Here "brothers" stands for believers in Christ. It is implied that they were in Antioch. AT: "taught the believers at Antioch" or "were teaching the believers at Antioch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Unless someone circumcises you according to the custom of Moses, God cannot save you" or "God will not save you from your sins unless you receive circumcision according to the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a sharp dispute and debate with them + +The abstract nouns "sharp dispute" and "debate" can be stated as verbs and where the men came from can be made explicit. AT: "had confronted and debated with the men from Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# go up to Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem. + +# this question + +"this issue" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/03.md b/act/15/03.md index 44d1be536d..0c85034e7a 100644 --- a/act/15/03.md +++ b/act/15/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:phonecia]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +Here the words "They," "they," and "them" refer to Paul, Barnabas, and certain others. (See: [Acts 15:2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# They therefore, being sent by the church -* **They therefore, being sent by the church, passed ** - This is a passive sentence which can be translated as, "Therefore the church sent Paul, Barnabas, and some other believers from Antioch to Jerusalem. They passed... ." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **passed through…announced** - The words used for "passed through" and "announced" indicate they spent some time in different places sharing in detail what God was doing.​ -* **the conversion of the Gentiles** - Many Gentiles changed their belief from the Greek & Roman gods to believing in Jesus. -* **they were welcomed by the church and...** - This is a passive construction that can be translated as "The church members welcomed them including..." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **with them ** - "through them" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Therefore the community of believers sent them from Antioch to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# being sent by the church + +Here "church" stands for the people that were a part of the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# passed through ... announced + +The words "passed through" and "announced" indicate they spent some time in different places sharing in detail what God was doing. + +# announced the conversion of the Gentiles + +The abstract noun "conversion" means the Gentiles were rejecting their false gods and believing in God. AT: "announced to the community of believers in those places that Gentiles were believing in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They brought great joy to all the brothers + +Their message causing the brothers to be joyful is spoken of as if "joy" were an object that they brought to the brothers. AT: "What they said caused their fellow believers to rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to fellow believers. + +# they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the apostles, the elders, and the rest of the community of believers welcomed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with them + +"through them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/05.md b/act/15/05.md index 5e7b140e89..353c33e065 100644 --- a/act/15/05.md +++ b/act/15/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +Paul and Barnabas are now in Jerusalem to meet with the apostles and elders there. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **But** - Luke contrasts those who believe "salvation is only in Jesus" to some men from the Pharisees who believed in Jesus yet believe "circumcision is required for salvation." -* **to circumcise them and to command them** - "them" refers to non-Jewish believers who were not previously circumcised. -* **to keep the law** - "to obey the law" or "to follow the law" -* **to consider this matter** - "to discuss the difference in beliefs". That is, to debate the different salvation messages between Paul's gospel (salvation in Jesus) and the Pharisee's gospel (salvation in circumcision and law). +Here the word "them" refers to non-Jewish believers who were not circumcised and did not keep the Old Testament laws of God. + +# But certain men + +Here Luke contrasts those who believe that salvation is only in Jesus to others who believe salvation is by Jesus yet also believe that circumcision is required for salvation. + +# to keep the law of Moses + +"to obey the law of Moses" + +# to consider this matter + +The church leaders decided to discuss whether or not Gentiles needed to be circumcised and obey the Law of Moses in order for God to save them from their sins. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/07.md b/act/15/07.md index ed0f52c589..06278320ca 100644 --- a/act/15/07.md +++ b/act/15/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Peter begins to speak to the apostles and elders who met to discuss whether Gentiles had to receive circumcision and keep the law. (See: [Acts 15:5-6](./05.md)) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **said to them** - "said to the group of apostles, elders and other believers present" -* **brothers** - Specifically, Peter is addressing the men present. -* **good while ago** - "a long while ago" (UDB) -* **among you** - among the Jewish believers -* **by my mouth** - Peter uses this expression to refer to himself. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the Gentiles should hear** - "the Gentiles would hear" -* **witnesses to them** - "witnesses to the Gentiles" -* **and he made** - "and God made" -* **made no distinction** - God did not perceive as different and did not discriminate between the Jewish believers and the Gentile believers. -* **between us and them** - Peter is including his audience in "us" (see [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]). "them" refers to the Gentiles. +The first word "them" refers to apostles and elders ([Acts 15:6](./05.md)) and the other words "them" and "their" refer to the believing Gentiles. + +# General Information: + +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the apostles and elders present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# General Information: + +The word "he" refers to God. + +# General Information: + +Here "us" is plural and refers to Peter, the apostles and elders, and all Jewish believers in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Brothers + +Peter is addressing all of the believers who were present. + +# by my mouth + +Here "mouth" refers to Peter. AT: "from me" or "by me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the Gentiles should hear + +"the Gentiles would hear" + +# the word of the gospel + +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who knows the heart + +Here "heart" refers to the "minds" or "inner beings." AT: "who knows the people's minds" or "who knows what people think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# witnesses to them + +"witnesses to the Gentiles" + +# giving them the Holy Spirit + +"causing the Holy Spirit to come upon them" + +# made no distinction + +God did not treat Jewish believers different from Gentile believers. + +# making their hearts clean by faith + +God's forgiving the Gentile believers' sins is spoken as though he literally cleaned their hearts. Here "heart" stands for the person's inner being. AT: "forgiving their sins because they believed in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/10.md b/act/15/10.md index 0f35721988..b97b15cd9f 100644 --- a/act/15/10.md +++ b/act/15/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Peter finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (Peter continues to speak.) -* **why do you test God, that you should put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?** - This is a rhetorical question where Peter is saying to the Jewish believers that they should not require the non-Jewish believers to follow the law of Moses and specifically circumcision. This could also be translated as "Do not test God by putting a burden on the non-Jewish believers which we Jews were not able to bear!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **neither our fathers nor we** - Peter is including his audience in the use of "our" and "we." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **But we believe that we shall be saved** - Peter is including his Jewish audience with himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **just as they were** - "just as the non-Jewish believers were" +Peter includes his audience by his use of "our" and "we." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# why do you test God, that you should put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? + +Peter uses a question with a word picture to tell the Jewish believers they should not require the non-Jewish believers to perform circumcision to be saved. AT: "Do not test God by putting a burden on the non-Jewish believers which we Jews were not able to bear!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# our fathers + +This refers to their Jewish ancestors. + +# But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they were + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But we believe the Lord Jesus shall save us by his grace, just as he saved the non-Jewish believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/12.md b/act/15/12.md index 59818f6910..0ccf7afed7 100644 --- a/act/15/12.md +++ b/act/15/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Here the word "them" refers to Paul and Barnabas. -## translationNotes +# All the multitude -* **All the multitude** - the apostles, elders, and other unidentified believers present -* **God had worked** - "God did" -* **through them** - "them" refers to Paul and Barnabas +"Everyone" or "The whole group" (See: [Acts 15:6](./05.md)) + +# God had worked + +"God had done" or "God had caused" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/13.md b/act/15/13.md index aec8dfcdbf..c0d8050c93 100644 --- a/act/15/13.md +++ b/act/15/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +James begins to speak to the apostles and elders. (See: [Acts 15:6](./05.md)) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **after they stopped speaking** - "After Barnabas and Paul finished speaking" -* **a people - ** - **"a group of people" -* **take from them** - "choose from among them" -* **for his name** - This is an expression for himself. This can be translated as "for himself." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "they" refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [Acts 15:12](./12.md)) + +# Brothers + +"Fellow believers" + +# in order to take from them a people + +"so that he might choose from among them a people" + +# for his name + +"for God's name." Here "name" refers to God. AT: "for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/15.md b/act/15/15.md index 759a8aada9..6b4987959a 100644 --- a/act/15/15.md +++ b/act/15/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +James quotes the prophet Amos from the Old Testament. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (James continues to speak.) -* **agree with this** - "confirm this truth" or "agree with this truth" -* **I will return...I will build...I will set up** - "I" refers to God who is speaking through the words of the prophet. -* **I will build again the tent of David** - This is an expression referring to God choosing a king from the descendants of King David. (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will set up and restore its ruins again, so that the remnant of men may seek the Lord** - "I will set up a king from David's descendants so that people may have the opportunity to seek the Lord" -* **restore its ruins** - "ruins" refers to the buildings, walls, and belongings left behind when a town has been destroyed or left to decay over many years. -* **who makes these ancient things known** - "who makes these things known from long ago" +Here "I" refers to God who spoke through the words of his prophet. + +# The words of the prophets agree + +Here "words" stands for a message. AT: "What the prophets said agrees" or "The prophets agree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# agree with this + +"confirm this truth" + +# as it is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as they wrote" or "as the prophet Amos wrote long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will build again the tent of David, which has fallen down ... its ruins again + +This speaks of God's again choosing one of David's descendants to rule over his people as though he were setting up a tent again after it fell down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tent + +Here "tent" stands for David's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the remnant of men may seek the Lord + +This speaks about people wanting to obey God and learn more about him as if they were literally looking for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# remnant of men + +Here "men" includes males and females. AT: "remnant of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# may seek the Lord + +God is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "may seek me, the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# including all the Gentiles called by my name + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "including all the Gentiles who belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my name + +Here "my name" stands for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that have been known + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that people have known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/19.md b/act/15/19.md index d883a6f44b..2b0779a801 100644 --- a/act/15/19.md +++ b/act/15/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +James finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. (See: [Acts 15:2](./03.md) and [Acts 15:13](./13.md)) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (James continues to speak.) -* **we should not trouble those of the Gentiles** - "we should not require the gentiles to become circumcised and obey the laws of Moses". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **that we should not trouble** - James is including the apostles, the elders and the circumcised group in "we." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **idols…sexual immorality…strangled…blood** - sexual immorality, strangling animals, and drinking blood were often part of ceremonies to worship idols and false gods. -* **For Moses from generation** - "for Moses" is an expression for referring to the Laws God gave Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **preaching and reading him** - "preaching and reading the laws of Moses" +Here "we" includes James, the apostles, and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# we should not trouble those of the Gentiles + +You can make explicit in what way James does not want to trouble the Gentiles. AT: "we should not require the Gentiles to become circumcised and obey the laws of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who turn to God + +A person who starts obeying God is spoken of as if the person is physically turning towards God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they must keep away from the pollution of idols ... sexual immorality ... strangled ... blood + +Sexual immorality, strangling animals, and consuming blood were often part of ceremonies to worship idols and false gods. + +# pollution of idols + +This possibly refers to eating the meat of an animal that someone has sacrificed to an idol or to anything to do with idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the meat of strangled animals, and from blood + +God did not allow Jews to eat meat that still had the blood in it. Also, even earlier in Moses' writings in Genesis, God had forbidden the drinking of blood. Therefore, they could not eat an animal that someone strangled because the blood was not properly drained from the body of the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Moses has been proclaimed in every city ... and he is read in the synagogues every Sabbath + +James is implying that Gentiles know how important these rules are because Jews preach them in every city where there is a synagogue. It also implies the Gentiles can go to the teachers from the synagogues to learn more about these rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Moses has been proclaimed + +Here "Moses" represents the law of Moses. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The law of Moses has been proclaimed" or "Jews have taught the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in every city + +The word "every" here is a generalization. AT: "in many cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# and he is read + +Here "he" refers to Moses, whose name here represents his law. AT: "and the law is read" or "and they read the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/22.md b/act/15/22.md index a7f929a6ce..4b908dfbc3 100644 --- a/act/15/22.md +++ b/act/15/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] -* [[en:tw:syria]] +Here the word "them" refers to Judas and Silas. The word "They" refers to the apostles, elders, and other believers of the church in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# the whole church -* **the whole church** - This is an expression for the church members in Jerusalem were in agreement with the apostles and elders. This can be translated as, "the whole Jerusalem church." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Judas Barsabbas** - a leader in the Jerusalem church -* **Silas** - a leader in the Jerusalem church -* **send them** - "send Judas and Silas" -* **They wrote this** - "The apostles, other elders and the believers in Jerusalem wrote these words" -* **Cilicia** - A province on the coast in Asia Minor north of the Island of Cyprus +Here "church" refers to the people who are a part of the church in Jerusalem. AT: "the church in Jerusalem" or "the whole community of believers in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Judas called Barsabbas + +This is the name of a man. "Barsabbas" is a second name that people called him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# From the apostles and elders, your brothers, to the Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: Greetings! + +This is the introduction of the letter. Your language may have a way of introducing the author of the letter and to whom it is written. AT: "This letter is from your brothers, the apostles and elders. We are writing to you Gentile believers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings to you" or "To our Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings from the apostles and elders, your brothers" + +# your brothers ... the Gentile brothers + +Here the word "brothers" refers to fellow believers. By using these words, the apostles and elders assure the Gentile believers that they accept them as fellow believers. + +# Cilicia + +This is the name of a province on the coast in Asia Minor north of the Island of Cyprus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/24.md b/act/15/24.md index 7555762428..9f48dbc2d6 100644 --- a/act/15/24.md +++ b/act/15/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Here all instances of "we," "our," and "us" refer to the believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 15:22](./22.md)) -## translationNotes +# that certain men -* (The letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch continues.) -* **that certain men** - "that some men" -* **to whom we gave no such commandment** - we did not send them out to preach these words. -* **So it seemed good to all of us** - We were all in agreement -* ** our beloved Barnabas and Paul** - This is an expression of endearment. "whom we love very much" (UDB) +"that some men" + +# with no orders from us + +"even though we gave no orders for them to go" + +# disturbed you with teachings that upset your souls + +Here "souls" refers to the people. AT: "have taught things that have troubled you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to choose men + +The men they sent were Judas called Barsabbas and Silas. (See: [Acts 15:22](./22.md)) + +# for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ + +Here "name" refers to the whole person. AT: "because they believe in our Lord Jesus Christ" or "because they serve our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/27.md b/act/15/27.md index 64838648d0..1714b1094b 100644 --- a/act/15/27.md +++ b/act/15/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] +This concludes the letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (The letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch continues.) -* **We have sent therefore Judas and Silas** - "Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas" or "Because of this we have sent Judas and Silas" -* **who will also tell you the same things** - "who themselves will say in person the same things we wrote about" -* **blood** - Refers to drinking or eating the blood of animals. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **things strangled** - The animal was killed but the blood was not drained. -* **Farewell** - a final greeting or leave taking that is used at the end of letters. It can be translated as "Goodbye." +Here the words "We" and "us" refer to the leaders and believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 15:22](./22.md)) + +# who will tell you the same thing themselves in their own words + +This phrase emphasizes that Judas and Silas will say the same things that the apostles and elders had written. AT: "who themselves will tell you the same things about which we have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things + +This speaks about laws that people need to obey as if they were objects that people carry on their shoulders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that you turn away + +This speaks about not participating in certain behaviors as if the person were physically turning away from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from things sacrificed to idols + +This means they are not allowed to eat the meat of an animal that someone sacrifices to an idol. + +# blood + +This refers to drinking blood or eating meat from which the blood has not been drained. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# things strangled + +A strangled animal was killed but its blood was not drained. + +# Farewell + +This announces the end of the letter. AT: "Goodbye" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/30.md b/act/15/30.md index a30278cbf7..bbc258cdbd 100644 --- a/act/15/30.md +++ b/act/15/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Paul, Barnabas, Judas, and Silas leave for Antioch. -## translationNotes +# So they, when they were dismissed, came down to Antioch -* **so they, when they…after they…they delivered** - "they" refers to Judas, Silas, Paul and Barnabas -* **were dismissed** - " were given permission to leave" or "were sent away" -* **down to Antioch** - an elevation change. Also, away from Jerusalem, regardless of elevation in the final destination, was "down" -* **they had read it, they rejoiced ** - "they" refers here to the Gentile believers in Antioch. -* **encouraged the brothers** - "encouraged the believers at Antioch" -* **also prophets** - being a prophet carried authority from God in a special way. This may be translated as "because they were prophets" or "being prophets" UDB. +The word "they" refers to Paul, Barnabas, Judas, and Silas. AT: "So when the four men were dismissed, they came down to Antioch" + +# when they were dismissed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the apostles and elders dismissed the four men" or "when the believers in Jerusalem sent them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# came down to Antioch + +The phrase "came down" is used here because Antioch is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. + +# they rejoiced + +"the believers in Antioch rejoiced" + +# because of the encouragement + +The abstract noun "encouragement" can be expressed with the verb "encourage." AT: "because what the apostles and elders wrote encouraged them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# also prophets + +Prophets were teachers authorized by God to speak for him. AT: "because they were prophets" or "who were also prophets" + +# the brothers + +"the fellow believers" + +# strengthened them + +Helping someone to depend even more on Jesus is spoken of as if they were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/33.md b/act/15/33.md index 28ae50c7ac..afc6d9efd5 100644 --- a/act/15/33.md +++ b/act/15/33.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Judas and Silas return to Jerusalem while Paul and Barnabas remain in Antioch. -## translationNotes +# After they had spent some time there -* **After they…they were sent** - "they" refers to Judas and Silas. -* **some time** - "for a period of time" or "for several weeks" -* **they were sent away in peace from the brothers** - "the believers said farewell as they left" -* **in peace from the brothers** - as friends from the Antioch church -* **to those who had sent them** - "to the Jerusalem Church that sent Judas and Silas" -* **But Paul and Barnabas stayed** - "While Paul and Barnabas remained" -* **Some ancient authorities** - This has to do with variations in different ancient manuscripts. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_textvariants]]) +This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that a person could spend. The word "they" refers to Judas and Silas. AT: "After they stayed there for a while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they were sent away in peace from the brothers + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the brothers sent Judas and Silas back in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the brothers + +This refers to the believers in Antioch. + +# to those who had sent them + +"to the believers in Jerusalem who sent Judas and Silas" (See: [Acts 15:22](./22.md)) + +# where they taught + +The word "they" here refers to Paul and Barnabas. + +# the word of the Lord + +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "the message about the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/36.md b/act/15/36.md index 7323b59d81..8e959a0a37 100644 --- a/act/15/36.md +++ b/act/15/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:johnmark]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +Paul and Barnabas go on separate journeys. -## translationNotes +# Let us return now -* **Let us** - "I suggest we" -* **visit the brothers** - "visit" means to "care for" or "see how one can help." -* **see how they are** - "learn about the current condition of the brothers and how they are holding on to the truth given to them" -* **take with them John who was called Mark** - "take John, who was also called Mark, along with Paul and himself (Barnabas)" +"I suggest we now return" + +# visit the brothers + +"care for the brothers" or "offer to help the believers" + +# the word of the Lord + +Here "word" stands for the message. AT: "the message about the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# see how they are + +"learn how they are doing." They want to learn about the current condition of the brothers and how they are holding on to God's truth. + +# to also take with them John who was called Mark + +"to take John, who was also called Mark" + +# Paul thought it was not good to take Mark + +The words "not good" are used to say the opposite of good. AT: "Paul thought that taking Mark would be bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Pamphylia + +This was a province in Asia Minor. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:10](../02/08.md). + +# did not go further with them in the work + +"did not continue to work with them then" or "did not continue to serve with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/39.md b/act/15/39.md index a99b443f2a..35da6b065e 100644 --- a/act/15/39.md +++ b/act/15/39.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:cilicia]] -* [[en:tw:cyprus]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:johnmark]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:syria]] +Here the word "they" refers to Barnabas and Paul. -## translationNotes +# Then there arose a sharp disagreement -* **sharp disagreement** - Paul and Barnabas could not come to an understanding or agreement. -* **that they separated ** - "that Barnabas and Paul separated" -* **and sailed away** - "and they sailed away" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **by the brothers** - "by the believers at Antioch" -* **went through Syria and Cilicia** - These are provinces in Asia Minor, north of the island of Cyprus. -* **strengthening the churches** - "making the churches spiritually strong" +The abstract noun "disagreement" can be stated as the verb "disagree." AT: "They strongly disagreed with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# after he was entrusted by the brothers to the grace of the Lord + +To entrust to someone means to place the care and responsibility for someone or something to another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after the believers in Antioch entrusted Paul to the grace of the Lord" or "after the believers in Antioch prayed for the Lord to take care of Paul and show kindness to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he went + +The previous sentence implies that Silas was with Paul. AT: "they went" or "Paul and Silas went" or "Paul took Silas and went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# went through Syria and Cilicia + +These are provinces or areas in Asia Minor, near the island of Cyprus. + +# strengthening the churches + +Encouraging the believers in the churches is spoken of as though Paul and Silas were making the believers physically stronger. The word "churches" refers to the groups of believers in Syria and Cilicia. AT: "encouraging the believers in the churches" or "helping the community of believers to depend even more in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/intro.md b/act/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4aef3fccca --- /dev/null +++ b/act/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Acts 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 15:16-18, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +The events of this chapter are commonly called the "Jerusalem Council." This was a time when many church leaders got together to discuss the relationship between the Gentiles and the law of Moses. The council affirmed that Gentiles did not need to follow the law. In fact, no one within the church should follow this law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Brothers ##### +Brothers is now being used to reference fellow Christians instead of fellow Jews. + +##### "You cannot be saved" ##### +This is obviously a false idea. Even during the Old Testament times, a person was saved by their faith and not by their obedience to the law of Moses. Paul and Barnabas went to Jerusalem to discuss this issue so that the church could have unity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### "Turn away from things sacrificed to idols, blood, things strangled, and from sexual immorality" ##### +It is possible that these actions were necessary for harmony between the Jews and Gentiles. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/01.md b/act/16/01.md index 9f0c6df424..fee640fb44 100644 --- a/act/16/01.md +++ b/act/16/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:iconium]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lystra]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +This continues the missionary journeys of Paul with Silas. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **behold** - The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a man who was…” -* **the son of a Jewish woman who believed** - "the son of a Jewish woman who believed in Christ" -* **He was well spoken of** - "Timothy had a good reputation" or "the believers said good things about him" -* **Paul wanted him to travel with him; so he took him** - "Paul wanted Timothy to travel with him (Paul); so Paul took Timothy". All other third person pronouns (he, him, his) throughout these verses refer to Timothy. -* **his father was a Greek ** - As a Greek, Timothy's father would not have personally circumcised Timothy; so Paul circumcised him. Circumcision was often performed by a Jewish Rabbi, such as Paul. +Timothy is introduced into the story and joins Paul and Silas. Verses 1 and 2 give background information about Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# General Information: + +The first, third, and fourth instances of the word "him" refer to Timothy. The second "him" refers to Paul. + +# Paul also came + +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Derbe + +This is the name of a city in Asia Minor. See how you translated it in [Acts 14:6](../14/05.md). + +# behold + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the narrative. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# who believed + +The words "in Christ" are understood. AT: "who believed in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# He was well spoken of by the brothers + +This can be stated in active from. AT: "The brothers spoke well of him" or "Timothy had a good reputation among the brothers" or "The brothers said good things about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to believers. AT: "by the believers" + +# circumcised him + +It is possible that Paul himself circumcised Timothy, but it is more likely that he had someone else circumcise Timothy. + +# because of the Jews that were in those places + +"because of the Jews living in the areas where Paul and Timothy would be traveling" + +# for they all knew that his father was a Greek + +Since Greek men did not have their sons circumcised, the Jews would have known Timothy was not circumcised, and they would have rejected Paul and Timothy before hearing their message about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/04.md b/act/16/04.md index 918f43748e..105bc848d6 100644 --- a/act/16/04.md +++ b/act/16/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +The word "they" here refers to Paul, Silas ([Acts 15:40](../15/39.md)), and Timothy ([Acts 16:3](./01.md)). -## translationNotes +# they delivered to the churches -* **they went** - This pronoun refers to Paul, Silas, and Timothy. -* **for them to obey** - "for the church members to obey" or "for the believers to obey" -* **that had been written by the apostles and elders in Jerusalem** - "that the apostles and elders in Jerusalem had written". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the churches were strengthened** - "Paul, Silas, and Timothy strengthened the churches". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"they told to the believers in the churches there" + +# for them to obey + +"for the church members to obey" or "for the believers to obey" + +# that had been written by the apostles and elders in Jerusalem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the apostles and elders in Jerusalem had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the churches were strengthened in the faith and increased in number daily + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The believers became stronger in their faith, and there were more and more people becoming believers every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the churches were strengthened in the faith + +This speaks of helping someone to believe more confidently as if it were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the churches + +Here this stands for the believers in the churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/06.md b/act/16/06.md index 2c6a4910c7..a40b5dc900 100644 --- a/act/16/06.md +++ b/act/16/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Phrygia -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:Troas]] -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:galatia]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] +This is a region in Asia. See how you translated this name in [Acts 2:10](../02/08.md). -## translationNotes +# they had been forbidden by the Holy Spirit -* **Phrygia and Galatia** - These are provinces in Asia. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mysia… Bithynia** - These are two more provinces in Asia. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they had been forbidden by the Holy Spirit** - "the Holy Spirit had forbidden them" or "the Holy Spirit did not permit them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the Spirit of Jesus** - "the Holy Spirit" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Holy Spirit had forbidden them" or "the Holy Spirit did not permit them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the word + +Here "word" stands for "message." AT: "the message about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When they came + +Here "came" can be translated as "went" or "arrived." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Mysia ... Bithynia + +These are two more regions in Asia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Spirit of Jesus + +"the Holy Spirit" + +# they came down to the city of Troas + +The phrase "came down" is used here because Troas is lower in elevation than Mysia. + +# they came down + +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/09.md b/act/16/09.md index 6e29f5d7dc..23f6f7ac5d 100644 --- a/act/16/09.md +++ b/act/16/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A vision appeared to Paul -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +"Paul saw a vision from God" or "Paul had a vision from God" -## translationNotes +# calling him -* **A vision appeared to Paul** - Paul had a vision was different than that of a dream. -* **calling him** - "begging Paul" or "pleading with Paul" -* **help us** - "us" is exclusive. the man was excluding Paul in who needed help. "Help me and the other people of Macedonia".(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **we set out** - The pronoun "we" refers to Paul and his companions. Luke, the author of Acts, was one of Paul's companions at this time. This is an inclusive pronoun because it refers to the writer and to everyone present. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **God had called us** - The pronoun "us" refers to Paul and his companions. Luke, the author of Acts, was one of Paul's companions at this time. This is an inclusive pronoun because the writer was including all his companions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **preach the gospel to them** - "preach the gospel to the people of Macedonia". +"begging him" or "inviting him" + +# Come over into Macedonia + +The phrase "Come over" is used because Macedonia is across the sea from Troas. + +# we set out to go to Macedonia ... God had called us + +Here the words "we" and "us" refer to Paul and his companions including Luke, the author of Acts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/11.md b/act/16/11.md index fa960cf31d..c7391d9f87 100644 --- a/act/16/11.md +++ b/act/16/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:Troas]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:philippi]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +Paul and his companions are now in Philippi on their missionary trip. Verse 13 begins the story of Lydia. This short story happens during Paul's travels. -## translationNotes +# Samothrace ... Neapolis -* **we made** - The word "we" throughout these verses refers to Paul and his companions. Luke, the author of Acts, was one of Paul's companions at this time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **Samothrace…Neapolis** - Costal cities near Phillipi. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a Roman colony** - A place that Rome conquered and occupied at that time, particularly with soldiers +These are coastal cities near Phillipi in Macedonia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# we came to Neapolis + +Here "came to" can be translated as "went to" or "arrived at." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# a Roman colony + +This is a city outside of Italy where many people who came from Rome lived. The people there had the same rights and freedoms as people who lived in cities in Italy. They could govern themselves and they did not have to pay taxes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/14.md b/act/16/14.md index 1b903c4fde..27d575fc1c 100644 --- a/act/16/14.md +++ b/act/16/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This ends the story of Lydia. -## translationNotes +# A certain woman named Lydia -* **A certain woman named Lydia** - "There was a woman named Lydia" -* **a seller of purple** - "a merchant who sold purple cloth" -* **worshipped God** - A worshipper of God is a Gentile who gives praise to God and follows him, but does not obey all of the Jewish laws. -* **listened to us** - "she listened to us" -* **the things which were spoken by Paul** - "the things which Paul spoke". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **When she was baptized, and her household** - "When they baptized Lydia and members of her household". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "A certain woman" introduces a new person in the story. AT: "There was a woman named Lydia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# a seller of purple + +Here "cloth" is understood. AT: "a merchant who sold purple cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Thyatira + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# worshiped God + +A worshiper of God is a Gentile who gives praise to God and follows him, but does not obey all of the Jewish laws. + +# The Lord opened her heart to pay attention + +For the Lord to cause someone to pay attention and believe a message is spoken of as if he were opening a person's heart. AT: "The Lord caused her to listen well and to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# opened her heart + +Here "heart" stands for a person's mind. Also, the author speaks about the "heart" or "mind" as if it were a box that a person could open so it is ready for someone to fill it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what was said by Paul + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what Paul said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When she and her house were baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When they baptized Lydia and members of her household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# her house + +Here "house" represents the people who live in her house. AT: "the members of her household" or "her family and household servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/16.md b/act/16/16.md index b78d866349..f72770a876 100644 --- a/act/16/16.md +++ b/act/16/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This begins the first event in another short story during Paul's travels; it is about a young fortune teller. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **a certain young woman** - "there was a young woman" -* **a spirit of divination** - An evil spirit spoke to her often about the immediate future of people. -* **And it came out right away** - "And the spirit came out immediately" -* **being greatly annoyed by her** - "was very bothered by her" or "became very troubled by what she was doing" -* **turned** - "Paul turned around" or "moved to face the woman behind him" +Background information is given here to explain that this young fortune teller brought much financial gain to her masters by guessing people's futures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# It came about that + +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# a certain young woman + +The phrase "a certain" introduces a new person to the story. AT: "there was a young woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# a spirit of divination + +An evil spirit spoke to her often about the immediate future of people. + +# the way of salvation + +How a person can be saved is spoken of here as if it were a way or path that a person walks on. AT: "how God can save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But Paul, being greatly annoyed by her, turned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But she greatly annoyed Paul so he turned around" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the name of Jesus Christ + +Here "name" stands for speaking with the authority or as the representative of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it came out right away + +"the spirit came out immediately" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/19.md b/act/16/19.md index e471f75c0f..cef00701b2 100644 --- a/act/16/19.md +++ b/act/16/19.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# her masters -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] +"the owners of the slave girl" -## translationNotes +# When her masters saw that the hope of their gain was gone -* **her masters** - the owners of the slave girl -* **the hope of their gain** - This refers to the ability the girl had of divination and for people to pay for her prophecies. -* **dragged them** - "dragged Paul and Silas" but not the rest of the team of Luke and Timothy -* **before the authorities** - "into the presence of the authorities" or "to be judged by the authorities" -* **When they had brought them to the magistrates, they said** - "When the masters had brought Paul and Silas to the judges, the masters said" -* **they are teaching** - "Paul and Silas are teaching" -* **not lawful for us** - The masters were including the authorities in their claim since they were also Romans. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +It can be stated clearly why they no longer hoped to gain money. AT: "When her masters saw that she could no longer earn money for them by telling fortunes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the hope of their gain + +"the way they hoped to gain money" + +# into the marketplace + +"into the public square." This is a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services takes place. + +# before the authorities + +"into the presence of the authorities" or "so that the authorities could judge them" + +# When they had brought them to the magistrates + +"When they had brought them to the judges" + +# magistrates + +"rulers" or "judges" + +# These men are stirring up our city + +Here the word "our" refers to the people of the city and includes the magistrates who ruled it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# to accept or practice + +"to believe or to obey" or "to accept or to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/22.md b/act/16/22.md index c0f479ad88..76be759962 100644 --- a/act/16/22.md +++ b/act/16/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] +Here the words "their" and "them" refer to Paul and Silas. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **magistrates tore their garments off them** - magistrates tore Paul and Silas' garments off them -* **commanded them to be beaten with rods** - "Commanded the soldiers to beat Paul and Silas with rods". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they threw them ** - "The magistrates put Paul and Silas" or "the magistrates commanded soldiers to put Paul and Silas". -* **commanded the jailer to keep them securely** - "told the jailer to make sure they did not get out". A jailer is the person responsible for all the people held in the jail or prison. -* **fastened** - securely locked in place -* **stocks** - a piece of wood with holes for one's feet to be put in to prevent him/her from moving (See UDB). +The word "they" here refers to soldiers. + +# commanded them to be beaten with rods + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "commanded the soldiers to beat them with rods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# had laid many blows upon them + +"had hit them many times with rods" + +# commanded the jailer to keep them securely + +"told the jailer to make sure they did not get out" + +# jailer + +a person responsible for all the people held in the jail or prison + +# he got this command + +"he heard this command" + +# fastened their feet in the stocks + +"securely locked their feet in the stocks" + +# stocks + +a piece of wood with holes for preventing a person's feet from moving \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/25.md b/act/16/25.md index dcf0ad5a1b..4756970971 100644 --- a/act/16/25.md +++ b/act/16/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] +This continues Paul and Silas' time in Philippi in prison and tells what happens to their jailer. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **listening to them ** - The pronoun "them" refers to Paul and Silas, who were praying and singing hymns to God. -* **so that the foundations of the prison were shaken** - “which shook the foundations of the prison" -* **everyone's chains were unfastened** - "everyone's chains came loose” +The word "them" refers to Paul and Silas. + +# earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "earthquake which shook the foundations of the prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the foundations of the prison + +When the foundations shook, this caused the entire prison to shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the doors were opened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the doors opened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everyone's chains were unfastened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone's chains came loose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/27.md b/act/16/27.md index 61a91d213f..20dad69688 100644 --- a/act/16/27.md +++ b/act/16/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here the word "we" refers to Paul, Silas, and all of the other prisoners but excludes the jailer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# The jailer was awakened from sleep -* **he, himself, he** - These pronouns refer to the jailer throughout these verses. -* **was about to kill himself** - "was ready to kill himself". The jailer preferred to commit suicide rather than suffer the consequences of letting the prisoners escape. -* **we are all here** - The word "we" is inclusive and refers to Paul, Silas and all of the other prisoners. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The jailer woke up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was about to kill himself + +"was ready to kill himself." The jailer preferred to commit suicide rather than suffer the consequences of letting the prisoners escape. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/29.md b/act/16/29.md index b7f1c54826..8eaa77ee43 100644 --- a/act/16/29.md +++ b/act/16/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# called for lights -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] +The reason why the jailer needed light can be made explicit. AT: "called for someone to bring light so he could see who was still in the prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# for lights -* **rushed in** - "quickly entered the jail" -* **fell down before Paul and Silas** - The jailer humbled himself by bowing down at the feet of Paul and Silas. -* **brought them out** - led them outside the jail +The word "lights" stands for something that makes light. AT: "for torches" or "for lamps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rushed in + +"quickly entered the jail" + +# fell down before Paul and Silas + +The jailer humbled himself by bowing down at the feet of Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# brought them out + +"led them outside the jail" + +# what must I do to be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what must I do for God to save me from my sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will save you" or "God will save you from your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your house + +Here "house" stands for the people who live in the house. AT: "all the members of your household" or "your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/32.md b/act/16/32.md index 60b2d672a8..94486d23d4 100644 --- a/act/16/32.md +++ b/act/16/32.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] +Here the first use of the word "they" as well as the words "their" and "them" refer to Paul and Silas. Compare [Acts 16:25](./25.md). The last use of the word "they" refers to the people in the jailers' household. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Paul and Silas continue their involvement with the Jailer and his household. -* **in his house** - "in his home". The Jailer brought Paul and Silas to his home. -* **he and all his household were baptized** - This sentence can be turned from the passive to the active form: "Paul and Silas baptized the jailer and all members of his household." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he, his** - These pronouns refer to the jailer. -* **because they had all believed** - "because all members of his household had believed" +The words "him," "his," and "he" refer to the jailer. + +# They spoke the word of the Lord to him + +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "They told him the message about the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he and those in his entire house were baptized immediately + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Paul and Silas baptized the jailer and all the members of his household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/35.md b/act/16/35.md index 1a6dc5e534..9bef43b250 100644 --- a/act/16/35.md +++ b/act/16/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +This is the last event in the story of Paul and Silas in Philippi. (See: [Acts 16:12](./11.md)) -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now when it was day** - "the next morning" (UDB). This is the start of a new episode. -* **sent word** - "sent a message" or "sent a command" -* **Let those men go** - "Release those men" or "Allow those men to leave" -* **Come out** - "Come outside of the jail" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells the last event in the story that started in [Acts 16:16](./16.md). + +# sent word to the guards + +Here "word" stands for "message" or "command." AT: "sent a message to the guards" or "sent a command to the guards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sent word + +Here "sent" means the magistrates told someone to go tell the guards their message. + +# Let those men go + +"Release those men" or "Allow those men to leave" + +# come out + +"come outside of the jail" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/37.md b/act/16/37.md index 60cb543e05..8fc2d2ccdd 100644 --- a/act/16/37.md +++ b/act/16/37.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] +All of the times the word "they" is used and the first time "them" is used, the words refer to the magistrates. The word "themselves" refers to the magistrates. The second time the word "them" is used, it refers to Paul and Silas. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **said to them** - "said to the guards" -* **They have publicly** - "The magistrates have publicly" -* **beaten us, men who** - the word "us" only includes Paul and silas. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **No indeed** - "Definitely not!" Paul is responding here to the magistrates or city leaders, even though he is speaking to the jailor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Romans** - This refers to people from all over the Empire, who had legal citizenship. Among their rights were freedom from torture and the right to have a trial. The city leaders were afraid of what would happen if the Empire learned the city leaders had mistreated Paul and Silas. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Let them come** - "The city rulers should come" -* **The magistrates came and begged them** - The Magistrates came and begged Paul and Silas -* **when they had brought them** - When the Magistrates had brought Paul and Silas +The word "us" refers only to Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# said to them + +Probably Paul is speaking to the jailer, but he intends for the jailer to tell the magistrates what he says. AT: "said to the jailer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They have publicly beaten us + +Here "They" refers to the magistrates who commanded their soldiers to beat them. AT: "The magistrates ordered their soldiers to beat us in public" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# without a trial, even through we are Romans citizens—and they threw us into prison + +"men who are Roman citizens, and they had their soldiers put us in jail though they had not proven in court that we were guilty" + +# Do they now want to send us away secretly? No! + +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he will not allow the magistrates to send them out the city in secret after they had mistreated Paul and Silas. AT: "I will certainly not let them send us out of the city in secret!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Let them come themselves + +Here "themselves" is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# when they heard that Paul and Silas were Romans, they were afraid + +To be a Roman meant to be a legal citizens of the Empire. Citizenship provided freedom from torture and the right to a fair trial. The city leaders were afraid that more important Roman authorities might learn how the city leaders had mistreated Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/40.md b/act/16/40.md index 6b0b75d250..78a573160c 100644 --- a/act/16/40.md +++ b/act/16/40.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] +This is the end of Paul and Silas' time in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **the house of Lydia** - "the home of Lydia" -* **they encouraged them** - "Paul and Silas encouraged the brothers" or "Paul and Silas encouraged the believers" +Here the word "they" refers to Paul and Silas. The word "them" refers to the believers in Philippi. + +# came to the house + +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# the house of Lydia + +"the home of Lydia" + +# saw the brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to believers whether male or female. AT: "saw the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/intro.md b/act/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7605c9f165 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Acts 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### They "circumcised him" ##### +This was not done in an attempt to follow the law of Moses, but was done because he was ministering in a Jewish context. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Divination and Fortunetelling ##### +These action were against the law of Moses and were considered to be sinful. This is probably one of the reasons why Paul rebuked this woman, even though she was telling the truth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/01.md b/act/17/01.md index e3d5dece26..041900f6bd 100644 --- a/act/17/01.md +++ b/act/17/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:thessalonica]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This continues the story of Paul, Silas, and Timothy's missionary trip. They arrive in Thessalonica, apparently without Luke, since he says "they" and not "we." -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **When they had passed** - The word "they" refers to Paul and Silas. Timothy and Luke are not with Paul and Silas. -* **passed through** - "traveled through" -* **cities of Amphipolis and Apollonia** - These are costal cities in Macedonia. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **as his custom was** - "as his habit was" or "as his common practice was". Paul usually went to the synagogue on the Sabbath when Jews would be present. -* **went into them** - "Them" refers to the synagogue and the Jews who met there. -* **reasoned with them** - "debated with the Jews of the Synagogue" or "discussed with the Jews of the Synagogue" +Here the word "they" refers to Paul and Silas. Compare [Acts 16:40](../16/40.md). The word "them" refers to the Jews at the synagogue in Thessalonica. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke, the author, starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# passed through + +"traveled through" + +# cities of Amphipolis and Apollonia + +These are coastal cities in Macedonia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they came to the city + +Here "came" can be translated as "went" or "arrived." AT: "they came to the city" or "they arrived at the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# as his custom was + +"as his habit was" or "as his common practice was." Paul usually went to the synagogue on the Sabbath when Jews would be present. + +# for three Sabbath days + +"on each Sabbath day for three weeks" + +# reasoned with them from the scriptures + +Paul explained what the scriptures means in order to prove to the Jews that Jesus is the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# reasoned with them + +"gave them reasons" or "debated with them" or "discussed with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/03.md b/act/17/03.md index 1822714785..fd346d35da 100644 --- a/act/17/03.md +++ b/act/17/03.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here the word "He" refers to Paul. (See: [Acts 17:02](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# He was opening the scriptures -* **He was opening the Scriptures** - Possible meanings are 1) "Paul was explaining the scriptures clearly so that the people were able to understand what he was teaching" or 2) "Paul was opening the book or scroll of Scriptures." -* **it was necessary** - "it was part of the plan" or "it had to happen that way" -* **to rise again** - "to come back to life" -* **the jews were persuaded** - "the Jews were convinced" or "the Jews were won over" -* **and joined Paul** - "and became associated with Paul" -* **the devout Greeks** - those who worship God but have not converted to Judaism through circumcision -* **a great crowd** - "a large crowd" +Possible meanings are 1) to explain the scriptures in a way that people can understand is spoken of as if Paul were opening something so people can see what is inside of it) or 2) Paul was literally opening a book or scroll and reading from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] + +# it was necessary + +"it was part of God's plan" + +# to rise again + +"to come back to life" + +# from the dead ones + +"from among the dead ones." The phrase "the dead ones" refers to the spirits of people who have died. To come back from among them means to become alive again. + +# the Jews were persuaded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Jews believed" or "the Jews understood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# joined Paul + +"became associated with Paul" + +# devout Greeks + +This refers to Greeks who worship God but have not converted to Judaism through circumcision. + +# not a few of the leading women + +This is an understatement to emphasize that many leading women joined them. AT: "many leading women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/05.md b/act/17/05.md index 737b620722..4a0f6a1fc6 100644 --- a/act/17/05.md +++ b/act/17/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,59 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] +Here the word "they" refers to the unbelieving Jews and wicked men from the marketplace. -## translationNotes +# being moved with jealousy -* **being moved with** - "being motivated by" -* **certain wicked men** - "some evil men". The word "men" here refers specifically to males. -* **from the marketplace** - This is a public space of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place; "from the public square" (UDB). -* **set the city** - "caused the city to be" -* **Assaulting the house** - "violently attacking the house" -* **they wanted to bring** - This pronoun refers to the unbelieving jews and wicked men from the marketplace. -* **out to the people** - "to a governmental or legal group of citizens gathered to make a decision with public impact" -* **before the officials** - "in the presence of the officials" -* **These men who have** - The Jewish leaders were speaking and were referring to Paul and Silas by "these men." -* **turned the world upside down** - This is an idiom meaning "to cause trouble" (UDB). The Jewish leaders were expressing their jealousy by exaggerating the influence Paul and Silas have with their teaching. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Jason has welcomed** - This phrase signals that Jason was in agreement with the apostles' troubling message. +The feeling of jealousy is spoken of as if jealousy were actually moving the person. AT: "feeling very jealous" or "feeling very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with jealousy + +It can be stated explicitly that these Jews were jealous because some of the Jews and Greeks believed Paul's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# took certain wicked men + +Here "took" does not mean the Jews took these people by force. It means the Jews persuaded these wicked men to help them. + +# certain wicked men + +"some evil men." The word "men" here refers specifically to males. + +# from the marketplace + +"from the public square." This is a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place. + +# set the city in an uproar + +Here "the city" stands for the people in the city. AT: "caused the people of the city to be in an uproar" or "caused the people of the city to riot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Assaulting the house + +"Violently attacking the house." This probably means the people were throwing rocks at the house and trying to break down the door of the house. + +# Jason + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# out to the people + +Possible meanings or "people" are 1) a governmental or legal group of citizens gathered to make a decision or 2) a mob. + +# certain other brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to believers. AT: "some other believers" + +# before the officials + +"in the presence of the officials" + +# These men who have + +The Jewish leaders were speaking and the phrase, "These men," refers to Paul and Silas. + +# turned the world upside down + +This phrase is another way of saying Paul and Silas where causing trouble everywhere they went. The Jewish leaders were exaggerating the influence Paul and Silas were having with their teaching. AT: "caused trouble everywhere in the world" or "caused trouble everywhere they have gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Jason has welcomed + +This phrase signals that Jason was in agreement with the apostles' troubling message. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/08.md b/act/17/08.md index 05c98dfe8a..20d4e5e41b 100644 --- a/act/17/08.md +++ b/act/17/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# disturbed +"worried" or "anxious" -## translationNotes +# made Jason and the rest pay money as security -* **they were troubled** - "worried" or "distressed mentally" -* **had taken financial security** - "bond" or "deposit" or "fine" (UDB). This money was a promise of good behavior, which might be returned if all went well, or used to repair damages brought on by bad behavior. -* **and the rest** - "the believers other than Jason" -* **they let them go** - "the officials released Jason and the other believers arrested" +Jason and the others had to pay the money to the city officials as a promise of good behavior; that money might be returned if all went well or it might be used to repair the damages brought on by bad behavior. + +# the rest + +The words "the rest" refers to other believers that the Jews brought before the officials. + +# they let them go + +"the officials let Jason and the other believers go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/10.md b/act/17/10.md index 104f4a741e..364ebab062 100644 --- a/act/17/10.md +++ b/act/17/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:berea]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:thessalonica]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul and Silas travel on to the town of Berea. -## translationNotes +# the brothers -* **of a higher mind** - “more open minded” or “more willing to listen". Being "willing to listen" is characteristic of those born and educated in upper class families where new ideas are less threatening. -* **received the word** - "listened to the teaching" -* **with all readiness of mind** - These Bereans were prepared to examine Paul's teaching to the scripture. -* **examining the Scriptures daily** - "carefully reading and evaluating the relevant Scripture passages every day" +The word "brothers" here refers to men and women believers. AT: "the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# Now + +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells background information about the people in Berea and how they were willing to listen to Paul and examine what he said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# these people were more noble + +These "well-born" people were willing to think more objectively about new ideas than other people. AT: "more open minded" or "more willing to listen" + +# received the word + +Here "word" refers to a teaching. AT: "listened to the teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with all readiness of mind + +These Bereans were prepared to examine earnestly Paul's teachings about the scripture. + +# examining the scriptures daily + +"carefully reading and evaluating the scriptures every day" + +# these things were so + +"the things Paul said were true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/13.md b/act/17/13.md index ef4297724c..1fd73cbe6f 100644 --- a/act/17/13.md +++ b/act/17/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:berea]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] -* [[en:tw:thessalonica]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Athens is down the coast from Barea which is in Macedonia. Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# learned -* **When the Jews…learned** - "were told", "were informed" or "heard" (UDB) -* **went there and stirred up** - "went there and agitated" or "went there and caused doubt" -* **and troubled the crowds** - "caused dread and fear among the people" -* **who were leading Paul** - "who were accompanying Paul" or "who were going along with Paul" +"found out" or "heard" + +# went there and stirred up + +This speaks about their agitating people as though it were a person stirring a liquid and causing the things at the bottom of the liquid to rise to the surface. AT: "went there and agitated" or "went there and disturbed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# troubled the crowds + +"and worried the crowds" or "caused dread and fear among the people" + +# brothers + +The word "brothers" here refers to men and women believers. AT: "believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# to go to the sea + +"to go to the coast." From here Paul would probably sail to another city. + +# who were leading Paul + +"who were accompanying Paul" or "who were going along with Paul" + +# they received from him instructions for Silas and Timothy + +"he told them to instruct Silas and Timothy." This can also be stated as a direct quotation as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/16.md b/act/17/16.md index 00fafebb9b..e9f9636d18 100644 --- a/act/17/16.md +++ b/act/17/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This is another part of the story of Paul and Silas' travels. Paul is now in Athens where he is waiting for Silas and Timothy to join him. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **his spirit was provoked** - "he was disturbed" or "he was toubled" or "he became very distressed" (UDB) -* **so he reasoned** - "so he debated" or "so he discussed". This verb implies that there is more interaction from the listeners than in preaching. -* **in the marketplace** - This is a public space of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place; “public square” (UDB). +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# his spirit was provoked within him as he saw the city full of idols + +Here "spirit" stands for Paul himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he became upset because he saw that there were idols everywhere in the city" or "seeing the idols everywhere in the city upset him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he reasoned + +"he debated" or "he discussed." This means that there is interaction from the listeners rather than only his preaching. They are talking with him as well. + +# others who worshiped God + +This refers to Gentiles (non-Jews) who give praise to God and follow him but do not obey all of the Jewish laws. + +# in the marketplace + +"in the public square." This is a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/18.md b/act/17/18.md index 839487e210..051a66ab54 100644 --- a/act/17/18.md +++ b/act/17/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +Here the words "him," "He, "and "he" refer to Paul. -## translationNotes +# Epicurean and Stoic philosophers -* **Epicurean...philosophers** - People who believed all things were formed by chance. They also believed that the gods were too busy being blessed and happy to be bothered with the governance of the universe. They rejected the resurrection. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Stoic philosophers** - People who believed freedom comes from resigning oneself to fate. They rejected a personal loving God and the resurrection. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **encountered him** - "encountered Paul" -* **And some said** - "And some of the philosophers said" -* **what is this babbler** - "babbler" was used to refer to birds picking up seeds as food. It is a negative term used for gossipers. The philosophers said Paul is someone who has bits of information which were not worth listening to. -* **Others said** - "other philosophers said" -* **He seems to be a preacher ** - "He seems to be a proclaimer" or "He seems to be on a mission of spreading the message" -* **Strange gods** - This is not in the sense of "odd", but in the sense of "foreign", that is, non-Greek/Roman gods. +These people believed all things were formed by chance and that the gods were too busy being happy to be bothered with governing the universe. They rejected the resurrection and wanted only simple pleasures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Stoic philosophers + +These people believed freedom comes from resigning oneself to fate. They rejected a personal loving God and the resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# encountered him + +"happened upon him" + +# Some said + +"Some of the philosophers said" + +# What is this babbler + +The word "babbler" was used to refer to birds picking up seeds as food. It refers negatively to a person who only knows a little bit of information. The philosophers said Paul had bits of information which were not worth listening to. AT: "What is this uneducated person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Others said + +"Other philosophers said" + +# He seems to be one who calls people to follow + +"He seems to be a proclaimer" or "He seems to be on a mission to add people to his philosophy" + +# strange gods + +This is not in the sense of "odd," but in the sense of "foreign," that is, gods that Greeks and Romans do not worship or know about. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/19.md b/act/17/19.md index d60bf36166..0ccb3a814f 100644 --- a/act/17/19.md +++ b/act/17/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Here the words "They" and "we" refer to the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **They took Paul** - "The Epicurean and Stoic philosophers took Paul" -* **to the Areopagus** - A hill in Athens upon which the supreme court of Athens may have met. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **we want to know what these things mean** - "we" is referring to the philosophers only. This could also be translated as “we wish to make a judgment on what you are claiming these things are.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **all the Athenians** - "Athenians" are people from Athens, a city near the coast in Macedonia (present day Greece). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and the strangers** - "foreigners" or a "new person to the Athenian community" -* **spent their time** - "used their time" or "devoted their time" -* **telling or listening about something new** - "discussing new philosophical ideas" or "talking about what was new to them" (UDB) +The words "him," "He" and "you" refer to Paul. (See: [Acts 17:18](./18.md)) + +# They took ... brought him + +This does not mean they arrested Paul. The philosophers invited Paul to speak formally to their leaders. + +# to the Areopagus + +The "Areopagus" was the place where the leaders met. AT: "to the leaders that met on the Areopagus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Areopagus, saying + +Here the leaders on the Areopagus are speaking. This can stated as a new sentence. AT: "the Areopagus. The leaders said to Paul" + +# Areopagus + +This is a prominent rock outcropping or hill in Athens upon which the supreme court of Athens may have met. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# For you bring some strange things to our ears + +Paul's teachings about Jesus and the resurrection are spoken of as an object that a person can bring to another person. Here "ears" refers to what they hear. AT: "For you teachings some things that we have never heard before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now ... something new + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells background information about the people who lived in Athens and their interest in new teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now all the Athenians and the strangers living there + +The word "all" is a generalization referring to many. AT: "Now many of the Athenians and the strangers living there" or "Now many of the Athenians and the strangers living there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# all the Athenians + +"Athenians" are people from Athens, a city near the coast below Macedonia (present day Greece). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the strangers + +"the foreigners" + +# spent their time in nothing but either telling or listening + +Here "time" is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could spend. AT: "used their time doing nothing but either telling or listening" or "were always doing nothing but telling or listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spent their time in nothing but either telling or listening + +The phrase "spent their time in nothing" is an exaggeration. AT: "did not do much but tell or listen" or "spent much of their time telling or listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# telling or listening about something new + +"discussing new philosophical ideas" or "talking about what was new to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/22.md b/act/17/22.md index 1b53c32a39..f1b692b235 100644 --- a/act/17/22.md +++ b/act/17/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Paul begins his speech to the philosophers on the Areopagus. -## translationNotes +# very religious in every way -* **Very religious in every way** - Paul is referring to the Athenians public display of honoring the gods through prayers, building altars and offering sacrifices. -* **For as I passed along** - "Because as I walked past" -* **TO AN UNKNOWN GOD ** - Possible meanings are 1) “a certain unknown god” or 2) “to any god we do not know about." +Paul is referring to the Athenians' public display of honoring the gods through prayers, building altars, and offering sacrifices. + +# For as I passed along + +"Because as I walked past" or "I walked along" + +# To an Unknown God + +Possible meanings are 1) "to a certain unknown god" or 2) "to a god not known." This was a specific writing or inscription on that altar. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/24.md b/act/17/24.md index 6b0cea800f..634962b5fd 100644 --- a/act/17/24.md +++ b/act/17/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the world -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +In the most general sense, the "world" refers to the heavens and the earth and everything in them. -## translationNotes +# since he is Lord -* Paul continues to speak. -* **since he is Lord** - "he" is referring to the unknown god that Paul is explaining is the Lord God. This can be translated as "because he is the Lord." -* **built with hands** - "through the action of people" -* **is he served** - "served" has the sense of a doctor treating a patient to make him/her well again. Alternate Translation: "cared for." -* **by men's hands** - "by human hands" -* **since he himself** - "because he himself" +"because he is the Lord." Here "he" is referring to the unknown god mentioned in [Acts 17:23](./22.md) that Paul is explaining is the Lord God. + +# of heaven and earth + +The words "heaven" and "earth" are used together to mean all beings and things in heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# built with hands + +Here "hands" stands for people. AT: "built by the hands of people" or "that people built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Neither is he served by men's hands + +Here "served" has the sense of a doctor treating a patient to make the patient well again. AT: "Neither do men's hands take care of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by men's hands + +Here "hands" stands for the whole person. AT: "by humans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# since he himself + +"because he himself." The word "himself" is added for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/26.md b/act/17/26.md index db9e69b7b7..d8ce02fad3 100644 --- a/act/17/26.md +++ b/act/17/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Here the words "he" and "him" refer to the one true God, the creator. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Paul continues to speak. -* **one man** - Possible meanings are 1) "the one man is referring to Adam whom God created" or 2) "It could include both Adam and Eve whom God created." -* **he made every nation** - "God, the creator, made every nation" -* **their…they** - These pronouns refer to every nation of people living on the surface of the earth. -* **seek God** - "Search for God" -* **reach out to him ** - "to see a need for him" -* **from any one of us** - Paul includes himself, his audience and every nation in the use of "us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +The words "their" and "them" refer to every nation of people living on the surface of the earth. + +# General Information: + +In using the word "us," Paul includes himself, his audience, and every nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# one man + +This means Adam, the first person God created. This can be stated to include Eve. It was through Adam and Eve that God made all other people. AT: "one couple" + +# having determined their appointed seasons and the boundaries of their living areas + +This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "And he determined when and where they would live" + +# so that they should seek God, if perhaps they might reach out and find him + +Here "seek God" God represents desiring to know him, and "reach out and find him" represents praying and having a relationship with him. AT: "so that they should want to know God and perhaps pray to him and become one of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yet he is not far from each one of us + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Yet he is very near to everyone of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/28.md b/act/17/28.md index 030e5c0154..dcbab113fd 100644 --- a/act/17/28.md +++ b/act/17/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw::offspring]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Here the words "him" and "his" refer to God. (See: [Acts 17:24](./24.md)) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Paul continues to speak. -* **for in him** - "for in God" -* **we live and move** - Paul is including his audience with himself. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **are his offspring** - descendants who are not necessarily immediate children. As offspring they share some common characteristics with their ancestor. "his" is an undefined pronoun in this quote. -* **that the divinity** - God's nature or attributes +When Paul says "we" here, he includes himself as well as his hearers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# For in him + +"Because of him" + +# are God's offspring + +Because God created everyone, all people are spoken of as if they were God's literal children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# qualities of deity + +Here "deity" refers to God's nature or attributes. AT: "that God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# images created by the art and imagination of man + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which a man then uses his skill to make it into something that he has designed" or "images that people make by using their art and imagination" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/30.md b/act/17/30.md index 3078c802e1..c4abb02f79 100644 --- a/act/17/30.md +++ b/act/17/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Paul finishes his speech to the philosophers in the Areopagus, which he began in [Acts 17:22](./22.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Paul continues to speak. -* **ignorance ** - Possible meanings are 1) "simply not knowing about something" or 2) "willful rejection." -* **by the man he has chosen ** - "by the man God has chosen" -* **God has given proof of this man ** - "God has demonstrated His choice of this man" +Here the word "he" refers to God. + +# Therefore + +This word marks a statement that is said because of what was said previously. + +# God overlooked the times of ignorance + +"God decided not to punish people during the time of ignorance" + +# times of ignorance + +This refers to the time before God fully revealed himself through Jesus Christ and before people truly knew how to obey God. + +# all men + +This means all people whether male or female. AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# when he will judge the world in righteousness by the man he has chosen + +"when the man he has chosen will judge the world in righteousness" + +# he will judge the world + +Here "world" refers to the people. AT: "he will judge all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in righteousness + +"justly" or "fairly" + +# God has given proof of this man + +"God has demonstrated his choice of this man" + +# from the dead ones + +"from among the dead ones." The phrase "the dead ones" refers to the spirits of people who have died. To come back from among them means to become alive again. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/32.md b/act/17/32.md index 31db69f876..147533db7b 100644 --- a/act/17/32.md +++ b/act/17/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +This is the end of the part of the story about Paul in Athens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **the men of Athens** - Those people who were present at the Areopagus listening to Paul -* **some mocked Paul** - "some ridiculed Paul" or "some laughed at Paul". These did not believe it was possible for someone to die and then return to life. -* **we will listen** - "we" refers the men of Athens that wanted to listen to Paul. They were talking directly to Paul but not including Paul in their group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **Dionysius the Areopagite, a woman named Damaris,** - Dionysius is a man's name. Areopagite implies that Dionysius was one of the judges at the Areopagus. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here the word "We" refers to the men of Athens but not to Paul, so this is exclusive. Though some of them probably did want to hear Paul again, they may only have been being polite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke shifts from Paul's teachings to the reaction of the people of Athens. + +# the men of Athens + +These are the people who were present at the Areopagus listening to Paul. + +# some mocked Paul + +"some ridiculed Paul" or "some laughed at Paul." These did not believe it was possible for someone to die and then return to life. + +# Dionysius the Areopagite + +Dionysius is a man's name. Areopagite implies that Dionysius was one of the judges at the council of Areopagus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Damaris + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/intro.md b/act/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c908852de7 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Acts 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The ULB begins a new line in the middle of [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md) and [Acts 15:28](../15/27.md) because long quotations begin. The translators of the ULB have chosen to separate these longer quotes from the rest of the text by beginning a new line. The translator may wish to follow this practice, but they are not obliged to do so. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Misunderstandings about the messiah ##### +It is recorded that Paul was "explaining that it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise again from the dead." There was a common misconception that the Messiah was to be a conquering king. This is true of Christ at his return, but the Scriptures also say that the messiah would be a suffering servant. Therefore, Paul explained to them the truth about the messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +##### Athenian religion ##### + +The Athenians were said to be "religious," but they did not worship Yahweh. They worshiped many different false gods. Often, when they conquered different countries, they incorporated the gods worshiped in other nations into their collection of gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Contextualization ##### + +This passage is famous in many cultures because Paul "contextualizes" the gospel for a non-Jewish audience. This means that Paul makes the gospel relatable or understandable to those with no understanding of the Jewish religious system, without really losing meaning or power. The translator may wish to take extra care in preserving aspects of this "contextualization" if possible. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/01.md b/act/18/01.md index c445ea07cd..d28576fad6 100644 --- a/act/18/01.md +++ b/act/18/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:aquila]] -* [[en:tw:corinth]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:priscilla]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] +This is another part of the story of Paul's travels as he goes to Corinth. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **After these things** - "After these events took place in Athens" -* **There he found ** - Possible meanings are 1) "There Paul happened to find by chance" or 2) "There Paul found after seeking with intent." -* **Pontus by race** - A province on the southern coast of the Black Sea -* **had recently come** - This is probably sometime in the past year. -* **Claudius had commanded** - The current Roman emperor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **commanded all the Jews** - "ordered" or "instructed" +Aquila and Priscilla are introduced to the story and verses 2 and 3 give background information about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# After these things + +"After these events took place in Athens" + +# Athens + +Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. See how you translated this in [Acts 17:15](../17/13.md). + +# There he met + +Possible meanings are that 1) Paul happened to find by chance or 2) Paul intentionally found. + +# a Jew named Aquila + +Here the phrase "a certain" indicates this is introducing new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# a native of Pontus + +Pontus was a province on the southern coast of the Black Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# had recently come + +This is probably sometime in the past year. + +# Italy + +This is the name of land. Rome is the capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Claudius had commanded + +Claudius was the current Roman emperor. See how you translated this in [Acts 11:28](../11/27.md). + +# he worked at the same trade + +"he did the same kind of work that they did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/04.md b/act/18/04.md index a1aae00294..4f14db562b 100644 --- a/act/18/04.md +++ b/act/18/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:silas]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Silas and Timothy rejoin Paul. -## translationNotes +# So Paul reasoned -* **So Paul reasoned ** - "reason" implys that Paul was having a two way conversation. Alternate translation: "So Paul debated" or "So Paul discussed". -* **He persuaded** - This can also be translated as "He kept trying to persuade." -* **was compelled by the Spirit ** - This phrase can be expressed in the active form. "the spirit compelled him". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **shook out his garment** - This is a symbolic action to indicate that Paul is cutting ties with the unbelieving Jews and leaving them to God's judgment. -* **"May your blood be upon your own heads; ** - This is a metaphor. It means that the Jews are solely responsible for the judgment they will face for their stubbornness if they refuse to repent. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"So Paul debated" or "So Paul discussed." He gave reasons. This means that rather than just preaching, Paul talked and interacted with the people. + +# He persuaded both Jews and Greeks + +Possible meanings are 1) "He caused both Jews and Greeks to believe" or 2) "He kept trying to persuade the Jews and the Greeks." + +# Paul was compelled by the Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Spirit compelled Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shook out his garment + +This is a symbolic action to indicate that Paul will no longer try to teach the Jews there about Jesus. He is leaving them to God's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# May your blood be upon your own heads + +Here "blood" stands for the guilt of their actions. Here "heads" refers to the whole person. Paul tells the Jews they are solely responsible for the judgment they will face for their stubbornness if they refuse to repent. AT: "You alone bear the responsibility for your punishment for sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/07.md b/act/18/07.md index c6d6561276..6c3b93ac54 100644 --- a/act/18/07.md +++ b/act/18/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:corinth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Here the word "he" refers to Paul. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Then he left** - "Then Paul left" -* **Titius Justus** - A Jewish believer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **head of the synagogue** - "a layperson who sponsored and administered the synagogue, not necessarily the teacher" -* **Crispus, the head…** - Another Jewish believer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **all of his house** - "the people who lived with him, including his extended family" -* **Many of the Corinthians** - Many of the Corinthians that were not Jews +The first word "his" refers to Titius Justus. The second word "his" refers to Crispus. + +# Titius Justus ... Crispus + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# worshiped God + +A worshiper of God is a Gentile who gives praise to God and follows him but does not necessarily obey all of the Jewish laws. + +# leader of the synagogue + +a layperson who sponsored and administered the synagogue, not necessarily the teacher + +# all those who lived in his house + +Here "house" refers to the people who lived together. AT: "the people who lived with him in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "received baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/09.md b/act/18/09.md index fad8599b2d..f77a332d1a 100644 --- a/act/18/09.md +++ b/act/18/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be afraid, but speak and do not be silent -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The Lord is giving one command in two different ways to emphasize that Paul should certainly continue preaching. AT: "You must not be afraid and, instead, continue to speak and not become silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# speak and do not be silent -* **do not be silent** - "do not stop speaking about the gospel" -* **for I am** - "I" refers to the Lord, who is speaking to Paul. -* **with you** - "you" refers to Paul, to whom the Lord is speaking in a vision. -* **I have many people in this city** - "There are many people in this city who have put their faith in Me" +The Lord gives the same command in two different ways to strongly command Paul to speak. AT: "you must certainly continue to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# do not be silent + +It can be stated explicitly what the Lord wants Paul to speak. AT: "do not stop speaking about the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have many people in this city + +"there are many people in this city who have put their faith in me" or "many people in this city will put their faith in me" + +# Paul lived there ... teaching the word of God among them + +This is a concluding statement for this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/12.md b/act/18/12.md index e1d85ab042..0a59fcd6f9 100644 --- a/act/18/12.md +++ b/act/18/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The unbelieving Jews bring Paul to the judgment seat before Gallio. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Gallio became governor of Achaia** - Achaia was a Roman province which Corinth was part of that is now modern southern Greece. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **brought him before the judgment-seat** - seat** - The Jews took Paul by force and brought Paul before the court. Alternate translation: "took him to be judged by the governor". -* **contrary to the law** - The Jews were purposely making Paul's offenses against Jewish laws and customs sound like crimes against Roman law. +Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. It was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gallio + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Jews + +This stands for the Jewish leaders that did not believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# rose up together + +"came together" or "joined together" + +# brought him before the judgment seat + +The Jews took Paul by force to bring Paul before the court. Here "judgment seat" refers to the place where Gallio sat when he made legal decisions in court. AT: "took him so that the governor could judge him at the judgment seat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/14.md b/act/18/14.md index ce8922eafe..4e1ff515e3 100644 --- a/act/18/14.md +++ b/act/18/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Gallio said -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Gallio was the Roman governor of the Province. -## translationNotes +# your own law -* **Gallio said** - The Roman governor of the Province. -* **your own law ** - These were the Law of Moses and other Jewish customs of Paul's time. -* **I do not wish to be a judge of these matters. ** - "I refuse to make a judgment about these matters." +Here "law" refers to the law of Moses and as well as the Jewish customs of Paul's time. + +# I do not wish to be a judge of these matters + +"I refuse to make a judgment about these matters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/16.md b/act/18/16.md index f6a816ff13..be5f59b07e 100644 --- a/act/18/16.md +++ b/act/18/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Here the word "they" probably refers to the Gentiles at the court. They reacted against the Jews who had brought Paul before the judgment seat. (See: [Acts 18:12](./12.md)) -## translationNotes +# Gallio made them leave the judgment seat -* **they all took** - "everyone took" or "all of them grabbed". This is a hyperbole because every single member of the crowd could not take him. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* ** Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue** - A Jewish ruler of the synagogue at Corinth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **beat him** - "hit him" or "punched him". Sosthenes was physically beaten. +"Gallio dismissed them from the judgment seat." Here "judgment seat" refers to the place where Gallio sits to make legal decisions in court. AT: "Gallio made them leave his presence in the court" or "Gallio made them leave the court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they all seized + +This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the strong feelings the people had. AT: "many people seized" or "many of them grabbed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# So they all seized Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, and beat him in front of the judgment seat + +Possible meanings are 1) the Gentiles beat Sosthenes in the court in front of the judgment seat because he was the Jewish leader or 2) it is possible that Sosthenes was a believer in Christ, so the Jews beat him in front of the court. + +# Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue + +"Sosthenes" was the Jewish ruler of the synagogue at Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# beat him + +"repeatedly hit him" or "repeatedly punched him." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/18.md b/act/18/18.md index 728bfcd01e..ad69c22fee 100644 --- a/act/18/18.md +++ b/act/18/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:aquila]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:priscilla]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:syria]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +This continues Paul's missionary journey as Paul, Priscilla, and Aquila leave Corinth. This seems to indicate that Silas and Timothy remain since it says "he" here and not "we." -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **sailed for Syria with Priscilla and Aquila ** - Paul got on a ship that sailed out for Syria. Priscilla and Aquila went along with him. -* **the seaport, Cenchreae** - Cenchreae was a seaport that was part of the greater Corinth city area. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Nazarite vow** - This was a promise or oath to do something for God outlined in the Law of Moses. It allowed a person outside the tribe of Levi to serve God. -* **when they came to Ephesus** - "when Paul, Priscilla and Aquila came to Ephesus" -* **reasoned with** - "discussed with" or "debated with" +Cenchreae was a seaport that was part of the greater Corinth city area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# General Information: + +Here the word "he" refers to Paul. + +# Connecting Statement: + +The word "they" refers to Paul, Priscilla, and Aquila. + +# left the brothers + +The word "brothers" refers to men and women believers. AT: "left the fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# sailed for Syria with Priscilla and Aquila + +Paul got on a ship that sailed for Syria. Priscilla and Aquila went with him. + +# he had his hair cut off because of a vow he had taken + +This is a symbolic action that indicates the completion of a vow. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he had someone cut off the hair on his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# reasoned with + +"discussed with" or "debated with" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/20.md b/act/18/20.md index 39a07cccb0..64962a5315 100644 --- a/act/18/20.md +++ b/act/18/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Here the words "they" and "them" refer to the Jews in Ephesus. -## translationNotes +# taking his leave of them -* **they asked** - "the Jews asked" -* **taking his leave of them** - "saying good-bye to them" +"saying good-bye to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/22.md b/act/18/22.md index 720774027a..e6afe5d4d9 100644 --- a/act/18/22.md +++ b/act/18/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galatia]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Paul continues his missionary journey. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **landed at Caesarea** - "arrived at Caesarea" -* **he went up** - "Paul traveled to the city of Jerusalem" -* **greeted the Jerusalem church ** - "greeted the members of the church of Jerusalem" -* **then went down** - "then went down from Jerusalem". Though Jerusalem was on a hill, the up and down directionals refer to the spiritual significance of Jerusalem rather than physical elevation. -* **Pual departed** - "Paul went away" or "Paul left" -* **regions of Galatia and Phrygia** - provinces in Asia that are now modern day Turkey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **encouraged all the disciples** - "strengthened all the disciples" +Phrygia is a province in Asia which is now modern day Turkey. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:10](../02/08.md). + +# landed at Caesarea + +"arrived at Caesarea." The word "landed" is used to show that he arrived by ship. + +# he went up + +He traveled to the city of Jerusalem. The phrase "went up" is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Caesarea. + +# greeted the Jerusalem church + +Here "church" refers to the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "greeted the members of the church of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then went down + +The phrase "went down" is used here because Antioch is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. + +# Paul departed + +"Paul went away" or "Paul left" + +# After having spent some time there + +This speaks about "time" as if it were a commodity that a person could spend. AT: After staying there for a while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/24.md b/act/18/24.md index eaddc70dcf..05472d8b20 100644 --- a/act/18/24.md +++ b/act/18/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apollos]] -* [[en:tw:aquila]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:priscilla]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Luke tells what happens in Ephesus with Priscilla and Aquila. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **an Alexandrian by birth** - "a man who was born in the city of Alexandria". Possible cities are 1) "Alexandria in Egypt on the north coast" or 2) "Alexandria in Asia on the west coast." -* **Being fervent in spirit** - He was wholehearted in his zeal and teaching. -* **the baptism of John** - "The baptism that John performed" -* **eloquent in speech** - "a good speaker" -* **more accurately** - "more fully" +Apollos is introduced to the story. Verses 24 and 25 give background information about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. + +# a certain Jew named Apollos + +The phrase "a certain" indicates that Luke is introducing a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# an Alexandrian by birth + +"a man who was born in the city of Alexandria." This was a city in Egypt on the north coast of Africa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# eloquent in speech + +"a good speaker" + +# mighty in the scriptures + +"he knew the scriptures thoroughly." He understood the Old Testament writings well. + +# Apollos had been instructed in the teachings of the Lord + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Other believers had taught Apollos how the Lord Jesus wanted people to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Being fervent in spirit + +Here "spirit" refers to the entire person of Apollos. AT: "Being very enthusiastic" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the baptism of John + +"The baptism that John performed." This is comparing John's baptism which was with water to Jesus' baptism which is with the Holy Spirit. + +# the way of God + +How God wants people to live is spoken of as if it were a road that a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# more accurately + +"correctly" or "more fully" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/27.md b/act/18/27.md index 3dd6c55598..3c4d740ce3 100644 --- a/act/18/27.md +++ b/act/18/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apollos]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here the he words "he," "him," and "his" refer to Apollos. (See: [Acts 18:24-26](./24.md)) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **When he desired** - "When Apollos desired" -* **pass over into Achaia** - "go to the region of Achaia". Achaia was a Roman Province that was the southern section of modern Greece. -* **wrote to the disciples** - "wrote a letter to the Christians in Achaia" -* **When he arrived** - "When Apollos arrived" -* **Apollos publicly overwhelmed** - Apollos defeated the Jews in front of other people by his arguments. +Achaia was a Roman Province in the southern section of Greece. See how you translated this in [Acts 18:12](./12.md). + +# to pass over into Achaia + +"to go to the region of Achaia." The phrase "pass over" is used here because Apollos had to cross the Aegean Sea to get to Achaia from Ephesus. + +# brothers + +The word "brothers" here refers to men and women believers. You can make explicit that these are believers in Ephesus. AT: "fellow believers in Ephesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# wrote to the disciples + +"wrote a letter to the Christians in Achaia" + +# those who believed by grace + +"those who had believed in salvation by grace" or "those who by God's grace believed in Jesus" + +# Apollos powerfully refuted the Jews in public debate + +"In public debate Apollos powerfully showed that the Jews were wrong" + +# showing by the scriptures that Jesus is the Christ + +"as he showed them by the scriptures that Jesus is the Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/intro.md b/act/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec7523c982 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Acts 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "(Apollos) knew only the baptism of John" ##### +Even after the death of Jesus, there remained some Jews who followed the teachings of John the Baptist, but who had not yet heard about Jesus. Apollos belongs to this group who was faithful to God through following John the Baptist, but who awaited the messiah whom they did not know had come. The baptism to which this passage refers is John's baptism of repentance. It is distinct from Christian baptism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 18:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/01.md b/act/19/01.md index 59fd166cb4..643ef13a94 100644 --- a/act/19/01.md +++ b/act/19/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apollos]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:corinth]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Paul travels to Ephesus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **It came about** - "it happened" -* **passed through** - "traveled through" -* **upper country** - This was an area of Asia (modern Turkey) which was to the north of Ephesus and Alexandria Troas and eastward inland. -* **receive the Holy Spirit** - To obtain or get the Holy Spirit -* **we did not even hear about the Holy Spirit** - "we had not heard about the Holy Spirit". +The "upper country" was an area of Asia which today is part of modern-day Turkey to the north of Ephesus. Paul must have traveled by land around the top of the Aegean sea in order to come to Ephesus (also in Turkey today) which is directly east of Corinth by sea. + +# It came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# passed through + +"traveled through" + +# receive the Holy Spirit + +This means to have the Holy Spirit come upon them. + +# we did not even hear about the Holy Spirit + +"we have not even heard about the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/03.md b/act/19/03.md index 72383186e7..e8f13cbf8b 100644 --- a/act/19/03.md +++ b/act/19/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +Here the words "They," "you," and "they" refer to certain disciples in the city of Ephesus. (See: [Acts 19:1](./03.md)) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Paul continues his discussion with the new believers in Ephesus. -* **Into what then were you baptized? ** - "Whose baptism were you baptized in?" or "Under whose name were you baptized?" -* **They said ** - "the disciples said" -* **Into John’s baptism ** - "With the baptism of John" -* **the baptism of repentance** - "the baptism that people requested when they wanted to turn away from their sin" -* **come after him** - "come after John the Baptist in time" and not following after him physically +The word "him" refers to John. + +# Into what then were you baptized? + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "What kind of baptism did you receive?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Into John's baptism + +You can translate this as a complete sentence. AT: "We received the kind of baptism about which John taught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the baptism of repentance + +You can translate the abstract noun "repentance" as the verb "repent." AT: "the baptism that people requested when they wanted to repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the one who would come + +Here "the one" refers to Jesus. + +# come after him + +This means to come after John the Baptist in time and not following after him physically. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/05.md b/act/19/05.md index e7e7db8aa7..e268a70064 100644 --- a/act/19/05.md +++ b/act/19/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Paul continues staying in Ephesus. -## translationNotes +# When the people -* **when the people** - The Ephesian believers talking with Paul. -* **laid his hands** - "placed his hands on their heads as he prayed" (UDB) -* **they spoke in other languages and prophesied** - There was no further details of who may have understood their messages, unlike acts [[en:bible:notes:act:02:01]]. -* **In all they were about twelve men.** - "...whom Paul baptized and who received the Holy Spirit" (UDB) is implied information not specified in the ULB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here "people" refers to the disciples in Ephesus who were talking with Paul. (See: [Acts 19:1](./03.md)) + +# they were baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they received baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the name of the Lord Jesus + +Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. AT: "as believers in the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# laid his hands on them + +"placed his hands on them." He probably placed his hands on their shoulders or heads. AT: "placed his hands on their heads as he prayed" + +# they spoke in other languages and prophesied + +Unlike in [Acts 2:3-4](../02/01.md), there are no details of who understood their messages. + +# In all they were about twelve men + +This tells how many men were baptized. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# twelve men + +"12 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/08.md b/act/19/08.md index b04c8228de..71e6c1d43e 100644 --- a/act/19/08.md +++ b/act/19/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Paul went into the synagogue and spoke boldly for three months -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +"Paul regularly attended the synagogue meetings for three months and spoke there boldly" -## translationNotes +# reasoning and persuading them -* **Paul went into the synagogue and spoke boldly for the space of three months** - This could also be translated as "Paul regularly attended the synagogue meetings for three months and spoke there boldly." -* **persuading people** - "trying to convince people of the truth being spoken" -* **some Jews were hardened** - "some Jews stubbornly refused to accept the message" -* **to speak evil** - "to speak bad things" -* **the way of Christ** - "salvation through Jesus Christ" -* **drew the believers** - "lead the believers" or "physically moved" -* **all who lived in Asia heard** - Possible meanings are 1) "Paul Shared the gospel with many people through out all of Asia" or 2) "Paul's message went out to all of Asia from Ephesus from people visiting Ephesus from all over Asia." +"convincing people with convincing arguments and with clear teaching" + +# about the kingdom of God + +Here "kingdom" stands for God's rule as king. AT: "about God's rule as king" or "about how God would show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# some Jews were hardened and disobedient + +To stubbornly refuse to believe is spoken of as though the people were becoming hard and unable to move. AT: "some Jews were stubborn and did not believe" or "some Jews stubbornly refused to accept and obey the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to speak evil of the Way before the crowd + +What Christ wants people to believe is spoken of as though it were a road that a person travels. The phrase, "the Way," seems to have been a title for Christianity at the time. AT: "to speak evil about Christianity to the crowd" or "to speak to the crowd evil things about those who follow Christ and who obey his teaching about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [Acts 9:2](../09/01.md)) + +# to speak evil of + +"to speak bad things about" + +# in the lecture hall of Tyrannus + +"in the large room where Tyrannus had taught people" + +# Tyrannus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all who lived in Asia heard + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul shared the gospel with many people throughout all of Asia or 2) Paul's message went out to all of Asia from Ephesus by the Ephesians as well as people who visited Ephesus and came from all over Asia. + +# the word of the Lord + +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "the message about the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/11.md b/act/19/11.md index dabad0c576..5662d907db 100644 --- a/act/19/11.md +++ b/act/19/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Here the words "them" and "they" refer to those who were sick. -## translationNotes +# God was doing mighty deeds by the hands of Paul -* **by the hands of Paul ** - "through Paul" -* **when they took handkerchiefs and aprons from Paul's body ** - This can be translated as "when handkerchiefs and aprons touched by Paul were applied on the afflicted" +Here "hands" stands for Paul's whole person. AT: "God was causing Paul to do miracles" or "God was doing miracles through Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick and + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when they took to sick people even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched Paul" + +# even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him + +Possible meanings are 1) these were cloth items that Paul had touched or 2) these were cloth items that Paul had worn or used. + +# handkerchiefs + +cloths worn around the head + +# aprons + +clothing worn on the front of the body to protect the clothes of people + +# the sick + +This refers to sick people. AT: "sick people" or "those who were sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# their illnesses were cured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who were sick became healthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/13.md b/act/19/13.md index fd83a1bd89..50240debec 100644 --- a/act/19/13.md +++ b/act/19/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] +This is the beginning of another event that happened while Paul was in Ephesus. It is about Jewish exorcists. -## translationNotes +# exorcists -* **Jewish exorcists** - People who expel evil spirits from people or places -* **took the name of Jesus for their own use ** - Even though they did not believe in Jesus, they tried to use his name as one of their magic words. -* **those who had evil spirits** - "those who were under the influence of evil spirits" -* **spoke it over** - "spoke it to" +people who send evil spirits away from people or places + +# the name of the Lord Jesus + +Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# By the Jesus whom Paul proclaims + +"Jesus" was a common name at the time, so these exorcists wanted people to know of whom they spoke. + +# By the Jesus + +This stands for the power and authority of Jesus. AT: "by the authority of Jesus" or "by the power of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Sceva + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/15.md b/act/19/15.md index 588f9457c7..59211a28c6 100644 --- a/act/19/15.md +++ b/act/19/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus I know, and Paul I know -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +"I know Jesus and Paul" or "I know Jesus, and I know Paul" -## translationNotes +# but who are you? -* **Jesus I know, and Paul I know** - "I know Jesus and Paul;" or "I have heard about Jesus and Paul" -* **who are you ** - This is a rhetorical question to express skepticism regarding the authority they have over evil spirits. This can also be translated as "what authority do you have?" or "you have no authority." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the exorcists** - Translate "exorcists" the same way in previous verse. (Acts [[:en:bible:notes:act:19:15]]) -* **they fled…naked** - the exorcists fled with some or all of their clothes ripped off them. -* **They became very afraid** - "the Jews and Greeks at Ephesus became very afraid" +The spirit asked this question to emphasize that the exorcists had no authority over evil spirits. AT: "but I do not know you!" or "but you have no authority over me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The evil spirit in the man leaped + +This means that the evil spirit caused the man whom it was controlling to leap on the exorcists. + +# exorcists + +This refers to people who send evil spirits from people or places. See how you translated this in [Acts 19:13](./13.md). + +# they fled ... naked + +The exorcists fled with their clothes ripped off them. + +# the name of the Lord Jesus was honored + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they honored the name of the Lord Jesus" or "they considered the name of the Lord Jesus to be great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the name + +This stands for the power and authority of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/18.md b/act/19/18.md index af1f6cc29c..79857248e6 100644 --- a/act/19/18.md +++ b/act/19/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] +This ends the story about the Jewish exorcists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# brought their books -* **brought their books ** - scrolls on which magical incantations and formulas were written -* **in the sight of everyone** - "in front of everyone" -* **pieces of silver ** - A piece of silver was worth about a common laboror's daily wages. -* **So the word of the Lord spread very widely in powerful ways ** - "The message about the Lord was so effective that it kept spreading and becoming more influential." +"collected their books." The word "books" refers to scrolls on which magical incantations and formulas were written. + +# in the sight of everyone + +"in front of everyone" + +# the value of them + +"the value of the books" or "the value of the scrolls" + +# fifty thousand + +"50,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# pieces of silver + +A "piece of silver" was the approximate daily wage for a common laborer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# So the word of the Lord spread very widely in powerful ways + +"So because of these powerful deeds, more and more people heard the message about the Lord Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/21.md b/act/19/21.md index ddf070863f..adeaa6ed71 100644 --- a/act/19/21.md +++ b/act/19/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Paul talks about going Jerusalem but does not leave Ephesus yet. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Paul completed his ministry ** - Paul completed the work that God had for him to do in Ephesus. -* **Macedonia and Achaia** - These provinces are modern day Greece. -* **he decided in the Spirit ** - Possible meanings are 1) Paul decided with the help of the (Holy) Spirit" or 2) the Spirit led Paul to decide. -* **I must also see Rome** - "I must also travel to Rome" -* **But he himself stayed in Asia for a while.** - It is made explicit in the next few verses that Paul was staying in Ephesus. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# Paul completed his ministry in Ephesus + +"Paul completed the work that God had for him to do in Ephesus" + +# he decided in the Spirit + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul decided with the help of the Holy Spirit or 2) Paul decided within his own spirit, which means he made up his mind. + +# Achaia + +Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. It was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. See how you translated this in [Acts 18:12](../18/12.md). + +# I must also see Rome + +"I must also travel to Rome" + +# Erastus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# But he himself stayed in Asia for a while + +It is made explicit in the next few verses that Paul remains in Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he himself + +This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/23.md b/act/19/23.md index bec472be0a..0416ba688d 100644 --- a/act/19/23.md +++ b/act/19/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] +Luke tells about a riot that broke out while Paul was in Ephesus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **a great disturbance** - a near riot situation -* **the Way** - This was a term used to refer to Christianity. -* **A certain silversmith** - A silversmith is a craftsman who works with silver metal to make statues and jewelry. -* **named Demetrius** - A Silversmith in Ephesus who was against Paul and the local church. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **silver statues of Diana** - Ephesus had a large temple dedicated to the goddess Diana. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **brought in much business** - Sold many silver statues made in the image of Diana +Demetrius is introduced to the story. Verse 24 introduces background information about Demetrius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# General Information: + +Ephesus had a large temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis, sometimes translated as "Diana." She was a false goddess of fertility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# there was no small disturbance in Ephesus concerning the Way + +This is a summary opening statement. + +# there was no small disturbance + +"the people became very upset" See how you translated this in [Acts 12:18](../12/18.md) + +# the Way + +This was a term used to refer to Christianity. See how you translated this title in [Acts 9:1](../09/01.md). + +# A certain silversmith named Demetrius + +The use of the words "a certain" introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# silversmith + +a craftsman who works with silver metal to make statues and jewelry + +# named Demetrius + +This is the name of a man. Demetrius was a silversmith in Ephesus who was against Paul and the local church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# brought in much business + +"made a lot of money for those who made the idols" + +# the workmen of that occupation + +An occupation is a profession or job. AT: "others who did that kind of work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/26.md b/act/19/26.md index 966c201b90..2287c56786 100644 --- a/act/19/26.md +++ b/act/19/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Asia]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Demetrius continues to speak to the craftsmen. -## translationNotes +# You see and hear that -* Demetrius, the silversmith, continues to speak to the craftsmen. -* **You see and hear that** - "you have come to know and understand" -* **turned away many people** - "persuaded many people to stop worshipping the local gods and turn to Christ" -* **she would even lose her greatness** - Diana's greatness only comes from what people think of her. -* **whom all Asia and the world worships.** - This is an hyperbole showing the popularity of the goddess Diana and the fact that many people worshipped her. (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"You have come to know and understand that" + +# turned away many people + +Paul's stopping people from worshiping idols is spoken of as though Paul were literally turning the people in a different direction. AT: "caused many people to stop worshiping the local gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He is saying that there are no gods that are made with hands + +Here the word "hands" can refer to the whole person. AT: He is saying that there are no gods that are made with the hands of people" or "He is saying that the idols that people make are not real gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# that our trade will no longer be needed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the people will no longer want to buy idols from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the temple of the great goddess Artemis may be considered worthless + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people will think there is no benefit in going to the temple to worship the great goddess Artemis" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she would even lose her greatness + +Artemis's greatness only comes from what people think of her. + +# whom all Asia and the world worships + +This was an exaggeration to show how popular the goddess Artemis was. Here the words "Asia" and "the world" refer to the people in Asia and the known world. AT: "whom many people in Asia and in other parts of the world worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/28.md b/act/19/28.md index 1428429a49..510ec594a3 100644 --- a/act/19/28.md +++ b/act/19/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:Macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] +Here the first word "they" refers to the craftsmen who made the idols ([Acts 19:24-25](./23.md)). The second word "They" refers to the people who had gathered to hear the craftsmen who shouted. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **When they heard** - "When the craftsmen heard" -* **were filled with anger** - "became very angry" -* **and cried out, saying** - "shouted out loud, speaking" -* **they had seized Paul's travel companions** - "the people seized Paul's travel companion" -* **the people rushed together** - This was a mob or near riot situation. -* **into the theater** - The Ephesus Theater was used for public meetings and for entertainment such as plays and music. -* **who came from Macedonia** - Gais and Aristarchus came from Macedonia but were working with Paul in Ephesus at this time. +Gaius and Aristarchus came from Macedonia but were working with Paul in Ephesus at this time. + +# they were filled with anger + +This speaks of the craftsmen as though they were containers. Here "anger" is spoken of as if it were the contents that fill a container. AT: "they became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cried out + +"shouted aloud" or "shouted loudly" + +# The whole city was filled with confusion + +Here "city" refers to the people. The city is spoken of as if it were a container. And, "confusion" is spoken of as if it were the contents that filled the container. AT: "Then people all over the city became upset and started shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the people rushed together + +This was a mob or near riot situation. + +# into the theater + +The Ephesus theater was used for public meetings and for entertainment such as plays and music. It was an outdoor semi-circular area with bench seats that could hold thousands of people. + +# Paul's travel companions + +The men who had been with Paul. + +# Gaius and Aristarchus + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/30.md b/act/19/30.md index cacbab480e..f17a02e9e2 100644 --- a/act/19/30.md +++ b/act/19/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Ephesus was part of the Roman empire and in the province of Asia. -## translationNotes +# enter the theater -* **theater** - an outdoor semi-circular complex with bench seats that could accommodate thousands of people +The Ephesus theater was used for public meetings and for entertainment such as plays and music. It was an outdoor semi-circular area with bench seats that could hold thousands of people. See how you translated "theater" in [Acts 19:29](./28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/33.md b/act/19/33.md index 1a9b140700..a3e42a486a 100644 --- a/act/19/33.md +++ b/act/19/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Alexander -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# motioned with his hand -* **Jews brought Alexander** - Paul warns Timothy of Alexander the coppersmith (2 Timothy [[en:bible:notes:2ti:04:14]]). It is not clear if they are the same person. -* **motioned with his hand ** - "gestured to the audience" -* **make an explanation** - He wanted to "offer a defense," but it is not clear what he was going to say. +You can make explicit that Alexander was showing the crowd that he wanted them to be quiet. AT: "gestured to the crowd to be quiet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to give an explanation + +"wanting to explain" + +# with one voice + +The shouting together of the people at the same time is spoken of as though they were speaking with one voice. AT: "in unison" or "together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/35.md b/act/19/35.md index b2563e021e..8a11fb0aaf 100644 --- a/act/19/35.md +++ b/act/19/35.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The clerk of Ephesus speaks to quiet the crowd. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **You men of Ephesus** - "you" is referring to all the men present who were from Ephesus. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **what man is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is temple-keeper of the great Diana and of the image which fell down from heaven?** - keeper of the great Diana and of the image which fell down from heaven?** - This is a rhetorical question used to calm the crowd. It can also be translated, "every man knows that the city of the Ephesians is temple-keeper of the great Diana and of the image which fell down from heaven." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **temple-keeper** - keeper** - The Ephesian people maintained and guarded the temple of Artemis. -* **the image that fell down from heaven?** - Within the temple of Artemis was an image of the goddess that had been fashioned from a meteorite, a rock thought to have come directly from Zeus. +The words "You" and "you" refer to all the men present who were from Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the town clerk + +This refers to the town "writer" or "secretary." + +# what man is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is temple keeper ... heaven? + +The clerk asked this question to assure the crowd they were right and to comfort them. AT: "every man knows that the city of the Ephesians is temple keeper ... heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who does not know + +The town clerk uses "not" to emphasize that all of the people knew this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# temple keeper + +The Ephesian people maintained and guarded the temple of Artemis. + +# the image which fell down from heaven + +Within the temple of Artemis was an image of the goddess. It had been fashioned from a meteorite which fell from the sky. People thought that his rock had come directly from Zeus, the ruler of the Greek gods (idols). + +# Seeing then that these things are undeniable + +"Since you know these things" + +# do nothing rash + +"do not do anything before you have had time to think about it" + +# rash + +"wild," "hasty," or "without careful thought" + +# these men + +The words "these men" refer to Gaius and Aristarchus, Paul's traveling companions. (See: [Acts 19:29](./28.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/38.md b/act/19/38.md index c77658d6eb..f7a53d785c 100644 --- a/act/19/38.md +++ b/act/19/38.md @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] +The town clerk finishes speaking to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# Therefore -* The town clerk continues to speak to the crowd -* **Demetrius** - A Silversmith in Ephesus who was against Paul and the local church. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **proconsuls** - This was a Roman word for a governor or ruler. +This word marks a statement that is said because of what was said previously. The town clerk had said in [Acts 19:37](./35.md) that Gaius and Aristarchus were not robbers or blasphemers. + +# have an accusation against anyone + +The word "accusation" can be stated as the verb "accuse." AT: "want to accuse someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# proconsuls + +"representatives." This refers the Roman governor's representatives who made legal decisions in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Let them accuse one another + +This does not mean Demetrius and those with him will accuse each other. It means this is a place where people in general can speak their accusation. AT: "There people can accuse one another" + +# But if you seek anything about other matters + +"But if you have other matters to discuss" + +# it shall be settled in the regular assembly + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let us settle it in the regular assembly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the regular assembly + +This refers to a public gathering of citizens over which the county clerk presided. + +# in danger of being accused concerning this day's riot + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in danger of the Roman authorities accusing us of starting this riot today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/intro.md b/act/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e352e6ae6 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Acts 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "So the word of the Lord spread very widely in powerful ways" ##### +This is the major theme of this chapter and the book of Acts overall. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Receiving the Holy Spirit ##### + +Many scholars believe this events marks the time when the Spirit started to indwell people when they began to believe in Jesus. The Spirit did this in order to assure them and to guide them. Others believe this event gave them the ability to speak in tongues, in addition to indwelling them, but that it is an event that occurs after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +##### Baptism ##### +There are several baptisms mentioned in this chapter. The baptism of John was about repentance. Christian baptism is about identifying with Christ. The baptism of the Spirit is the same as "receiving the Spirit." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +##### Temple of Diana ##### +The temple of Diana was important for the businesses of Ephesus. Many people came to this city to see this amazing temple and bought statues while they were there. The people's belief in Jesus caused problems for these people because of the affect it had on their businesses. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/01.md b/act/20/01.md index e1f68a0e8d..323936c6b5 100644 --- a/act/20/01.md +++ b/act/20/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:syria]] +Paul leaves Ephesus and continues his travels. -## translationNotes +# After the uproar -* **After the uproar** - "After the uprising" or "following the riot" -* **he said farewell** - "he said goodbye." This is something that is said when a person leaves another's presence. -* **had encouraged the believers very much** - "had said many things to encourage the believers" -* **he had spent three months there** - "he had stayed three months there" -* **a plot was formed against him by the Jews** - "the Jews formed a plot against him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a plot was formed** - "a secret plan was formed" -* **he was about to sail for Syria** - "he was ready to sail for Syria" +"After the riot" or "Following the riot" + +# he said farewell + +"he said goodbye" + +# spoken many words of encouragement to them + +"had greatly encouraged the believers" or "had said many things to encourage the believers" + +# After he had spent three months there + +"After he had stayed there three months." This speaks about time as if it were something a person could spend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a plot was formed against him by the Jews + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Jews formed a plot against him" or "the Jews formed a secret plan to harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the Jews + +This means only some of the Jews. AT: "by some of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# as he was about to sail for Syria + +"as he was ready to sail for Syria" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/04.md b/act/20/04.md index 0823dbde9d..29842510bc 100644 --- a/act/20/04.md +++ b/act/20/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:berea]] -* [[en:tw:philippi]] -* [[en:tw:thessalonica]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] -* [[en:tw:troas]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +Here the word "him" refers to Paul. (See: [Acts 20:1](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Accompanying him** - "Traveling with Paul" -* **Sopater of Berea, the son of Pyrrhus** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **these men had gone before us** - Luke the author of Acts has rejoined the group. Alternate translation: "these men had traveled ahead of us." +All instances of "us" and "we" refer to the writer and Paul and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Accompanying him + +"Traveling with him" + +# Sopater ... Pyrrhus ... Secundus ... Tychicus ... Trophimus + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Berea ... Derbe ... Troas + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Aristarchus ... Gaius + +These are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Acts 19:29](../19/28.md). + +# these men had gone before us + +"these men had traveled ahead of us" + +# the days of unleavened bread + +This refers to a time of Jewish religious feast time during the Passover season. See how you translated this in [Acts 12:3](../12/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/07.md b/act/20/07.md index 97c148a4c5..73f2f1bb29 100644 --- a/act/20/07.md +++ b/act/20/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] +Luke tells about Paul's preaching in Troas and about what happened to Eutychus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **On the first day of the week** - "on Sunday" -* **to break bread** - Bread was broken and eaten during the Lord's Supper (UDB) -* **he kept speaking** - "he continued to speak" -* **upper room** - This is probably on the third floor of an apartment complex. +Here the word "we" refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 20:4-6](./04.md)) + +# to break bread + +Bread was part of their meals. Possible meanings are 1) this refers simply to eating a meal together. AT: "eat a meal" or 2) this refers to the meal they would eat together in order to remember Christ's death and resurrection. AT: "to eat the Lord's Supper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he kept speaking + +"he continued to speak" + +# upper room + +This may have been the third floor house. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/09.md b/act/20/09.md index c71d5354a8..8980e076c1 100644 --- a/act/20/09.md +++ b/act/20/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Here the word "himself" refers to Paul. The first word "he" refers to Paul; the second word "he" refers to the young man, Eutychus. The word "him" refers to Eutychus. -## translationNotes +# In the window -* **who fell into a deep sleep** - He was not awake any longer but was sleeping strongly. -* **third story** - "two floors above the ground floor" -* **was picked up dead** - When they went down to check his condition, they saw he was dead. -* **embraced him ** - "Put his arms around him" (UDB) -* **Then he said ** - "Then Paul said" -* **he is alive** - "Eutychus is alive" +This was an opening in the wall with a ledge that was wide enough on which a person could sit. + +# Eutychus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who fell into a deep sleep + +This speaks about sleep as if it were a deep hole into which a person could fall. AT: "who slept soundly" or "who became more and more tired until finally he was sleeping soundly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# third story and was picked up dead + +When they went down to check his condition, they saw he was dead. This can be stated in active form. AT: "third story; and when they went to pick him up, they found that he was dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# third story + +This means two floors above the ground floor. If your culture does not count the ground floor, you may state this as the "second story." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/11.md b/act/20/11.md index 1f08d78ce4..5cf85dc81b 100644 --- a/act/20/11.md +++ b/act/20/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +This is the end of the part of the story about Paul's preaching at Troas and about Eutychus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **he went upstairs** - "Paul went upstairs" -* **broke bread** - "shared a meal." This included dividing up loaves of bread between all the people. -* **he left** - "he went away" -* **the boy** - Possible meanings are 1) young man over 14 (UDB), 2) servant or slave, 3) or a boy between 9 and 14 years old. +Here the word "he" refers to Paul. + +# broke bread + +Bread was a common food during meals. Here "break bread" probably means they shared a meal with more kinds of food than just bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he left + +"he went away" + +# the boy + +This refers to Eutychus ([Acts 20:09](./09.md)). Possible meanings are 1) he was a young man over 14 years old or 2) he was a boy between 9 and 14 years old or 3) the word "boy" implies that he was a servant or a slave. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/13.md b/act/20/13.md index 1dc87d855e..2bef986598 100644 --- a/act/20/13.md +++ b/act/20/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:paul]] +The writer Luke, Paul, and his other companions continue their travels; however, Paul goes separately for part of the trip. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **We ourselves went** - "Ourselves" adds emphasis and separates Luke and his traveling companions from Paul, who did not travel by boat. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **he himself desired** - "Paul desired" (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **sailed away to Assos** - Assos is a town located directly below present day Behram, Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **we took him** - The word "we" refers to Luke and those travelling with him but not Paul. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **went to Mitylene** - Mitylene is a town located in present day Mitilini, Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here the word "we" refers to the writer and those traveling with him, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# General Information: + +The words "he," "himself," and "him" refer to Paul. + +# We ourselves went + +The word "ourselves" adds emphasis and separates Luke and his traveling companions from Paul, who did not travel by boat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# sailed away to Assos + +Assos is a town located directly below present day Behram in Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he himself desired + +Himself is used to emphasize that this is what Paul wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# to go by land + +"to travel on land" + +# went to Mitylene + +Mitylene is a town located in present day Mitilini in Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/15.md b/act/20/15.md index 225815bd0d..aa22d0266a 100644 --- a/act/20/15.md +++ b/act/20/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:pentecost]] +Here the word "we" refers to Paul, the writer, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# opposite the island -* **we sailed from there** - The word "we" refers to Paul, Luke, and those traveling with them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **the island of Chios** - Chios is an island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the Aegean sea. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **we touched at the island of Samos** - Samos is an island south of Chios in the Aegean sea off the coast of modern day Turkey. Alternate Translation: "we arrived at the island of Samos." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the city of Miletus** - Miletus was a port city in western Asia Minor near the mouth of the Meander River. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus** - Paul sailed south past the port city of Ephesus, further south in order to land at Miletus. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"near the island" or "across from the island" + +# the island of Chios + +Chios is an island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the Aegean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# we touched at the island of Samos + +"we arrived at the island of Samos" + +# island of Samos + +Samos is an island south of Chios in the Aegean Sea off the coast of modern day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the city of Miletus + +Miletus was a port city in western Asia Minor near the mouth of the Meander River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus + +Paul sailed south past the port city of Ephesus, further south in order to land at Miletus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# so that he would not spend any time + +This speaks about "time" as if it were a commodity that a person could spend or use up. AT: "so that he would not have to remain for a time" or "so that he would not have a delay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/17.md b/act/20/17.md index 30f8931c79..2132018ba2 100644 --- a/act/20/17.md +++ b/act/20/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Paul calls the elders of the church of Ephesus and begins to speak to them. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **From Miletus** - See how you translated Miletus in Acts [[en:bible:notes:act:20:15]]. -* **set foot in Asia ** - "entered this region of Asia" -* **lowliness of mind** - "humility" or "humbleness" -* **with tears** - I sometimes cried as I served the Lord. -* **keep back** - "hold back" or "withhold" -* **going from house to house** - That is, he taught people in various private homes. -* **repentance toward God** - "turn from their sins toward God" +Here the word "he" refers to Paul. + +# General Information: + +The word "our" refers to Paul and the elders to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Miletus + +Miletus was a port city in western Asia Minor near the mouth of the Meander River. See how you translated this in [Acts 20:15](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# You yourselves + +Here "yourselves" is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# I set foot in Asia + +Here "foot" stands for the entire person. AT: "I entered Asia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# how I always spent my time with you + +This speaks about time as if it were something that a person could spend. AT: "how I always conducted myself when I was with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lowliness of mind + +This speaks about something humble as if it were low to the ground. The word "mind" stands for a person's inner attitude. AT: "humility" or "humbleness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with tears + +Here "tears" stands for feeling sad and crying. AT: "I crying as I served the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of the Jews + +This does not mean every Jew. This lets us know who plotted. AT: "of some of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You know how I did not keep back from declaring to you + +"You know how I was never silent, but I always declared to you" + +# from house to house + +Paul taught people in various private homes. The words "I taught" are understood. AT: "I also taught when I was in your homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# about repentance toward God and of faith in our Lord Jesus + +The abstract nouns "repentance" and "faith" can be stated as verbs. AT: "that they need to repent before God and believe in our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/22.md b/act/20/22.md index aaf30f4a3b..cc5e1be22d 100644 --- a/act/20/22.md +++ b/act/20/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Here the word "I" refers to Paul. -## translationNotes +# compelled by the Spirit -* Paul continues to speak. -* **bound in the Holy Spirit to Jerusalem** - "compelled by the Holy Spirit to travel to Jerusalem" -* **the Holy Spirit witnesses to me** - "the Holy Spirit communicates these warnings to me" -* **chains and sufferings await me** - "I am about to be imprisoned with chains and suffer physical punishment" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **finish my race** - "complete the work that God had set for me to do" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bear witness** - "give witness" or "testify" +They can be stated in active form. AT: "because the Spirit compels me to go there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# not knowing what will happen to me there + +"and I do not know what will happen to me there" + +# chains and sufferings await me + +Here "chains" refers to Paul's being arrested and put in prison. AT: "people will put me in prison and cause me to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if only I may finish the race and complete the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus + +This speaks about Paul's "race" and "ministry" as if they are objects that Jesus gives and Paul receives. Here "race" and "ministry" mean basically the same thing. Paul repeats this for emphasis. AT: "so that I may complete the work that the Lord Jesus has commanded me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# finish the race + +Paul speaks about completing the work that Jesus has commanded him to do as if he were running a race. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to testify to the gospel of the grace of God + +"to tell people the good news about God's grace." This is the ministry that Paul received from Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/25.md b/act/20/25.md index cecaf3b440..4fbf7792ac 100644 --- a/act/20/25.md +++ b/act/20/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] +Paul continues to talk to the Ephesian elders. (See: [Acts 20:17](./17.md)) -## translationNotes +# Now look, I know -* Paul continues to speak. -* **I know that you all** - "I know that all of you" -* **among whom I went about preaching the kingdom** - "to whom I preached the message about the kingdom of God" -* **will see my face no more** - "will not see me anymore from now on" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I am innocent of the blood of any man** - "I cannot be blamed for anyone being judged guilty by God" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Now, pay careful attention, because I know" + +# I know that you all + +"I know that all of you" + +# among whom I went about proclaiming the kingdom + +Here "kingdom" stands for God's rule as king. AT: "to whom I preached the message about God's reign as king" or "to whom I preached about how God will show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will see my face no more + +The word "face" here represents Paul's physical body. AT: "will not see me anymore on this earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I am innocent of the blood of any man + +Here "blood" stands for a person's death, which, in this case, is not physical death but spiritual death when God declares a person guilty of sin. Paul had told them God's truth. AT: "I am not responsible for anyone whom God judges guilty of sin because they did not trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# any man + +Here this means any person whether male or female. AT: "any person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# For I did not hold back from declaring to you + +"For I did not keep silent and not tell you." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "For I certainly declared to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/28.md b/act/20/28.md index 8d9ec84c79..6f4040fba1 100644 --- a/act/20/28.md +++ b/act/20/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:overseer]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:wolf]] +This word marks a statement that is said because of what was said previously. In this case, it refers back to all that Paul has said so far in his speech about his leaving them. -## translationNotes +# the flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be careful to shepherd the church of God -* Paul continues to speak. -* **and about all the flock ... and not spare the flock.** - This is an extended metaphor. The leaders of the church are supposed to care for the people under them and protect them from enemies just as a shepherd would care for his flock of sheep and protect them from wolves. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the assembly of the Lord which he purchased with his own blood** - "The people Christ bought by shedding his blood on the cross" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **draw away the disciples after them** - "Convince people who are followers of Christ to follow their own, false, teaching" +Believers are likened to a "flock" of sheep here. Church leaders are entrusted by God with the care of the community of believers just as a shepherd would care for his flock of sheep and protect them from wolves. AT: "the group of believers the Holy spirit has entrusted to you. Be sure to take care of the church of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the church of God, which he purchased with his own blood + +The shedding of the "blood" of Christ here is likened to a payment to God for our sins. AT: "the people Christ saved from their sins by shedding his blood on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his own blood + +Here "blood" stands for Christ's death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# vicious wolves will come in among you and will not spare the flock + +This is a picture of people who teach false doctrine and who harm the community of believers as though they were wolves that eat the sheep of the flock. AT: "many enemies will come among you and try to harm the community of believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in order to draw away the disciples after them + +A false teacher convincing believers to start believing his false teaching is spoken of as if he were leading sheep away from the flock to follow him. AT: "in order to convince people who are disciples of Christ to become his disciples instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/31.md b/act/20/31.md index 01533ae88d..59919b7374 100644 --- a/act/20/31.md +++ b/act/20/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# be on guard. Remember -* [[en:tw:Setapart]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"be on guard and remember" or "be on guard as you remember" -## translationNotes +# be on guard -* Paul continues to speak. -* **be on guard.** - "be awake and alert" or "watch out." (UDB) or "stay alert," -* **Remember** - "Continue to remember" or "Do not forget." -* **be on guard. Remember** - These can be translated as 1) "be on guard and remember" or 2) "be on guard as you remember" or 3) "be on guard by remembering" -* **for three years I did not stop instructing** - Paul did not teach them continuously for three years, but over the space of three years. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **I did not stop instructing** - Possible meanings 1) "I did not stop warning" or 2) "I did not stop encouraging with corrections." +"be awake and alert" or "watch out." Christian leaders being alert about anyone that may harm the community of believers is spoken of as if they were guards in an army watching out for the enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Remember + +"Continue to remember" or "Do not forget" + +# for three years I did not stop instructing ... night and day + +Paul did not teach them continuously for three years, but over the space of three years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# I did not stop instructing + +"I did not stop warning" + +# with tears + +Here "tears" refers to Paul's crying because of the strong emotion of concern he felt while he was warning the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I entrust you to God and to the word of his grace + +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "I ask God to take care of you and that he will help you to keep believing the message I spoke to you about his grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# entrust + +to give someone else the responsibility of taking care of someone or something + +# which is able to build you up + +A person's faith becoming stronger is spoken of as if the person were a wall and someone were building him higher and stronger. AT: "which is able to make become stronger and stronger in your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to give you the inheritance + +This speaks about the "word of his grace" as if it were God himself that would give the inheritance to believers. AT: "God will give you the inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the inheritance + +The blessings that God gives believers is spoken of as if they were money or property that a child inherits from his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/33.md b/act/20/33.md index bcabf4df55..35029c01d0 100644 --- a/act/20/33.md +++ b/act/20/33.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +Paul finishes speaking to the elders of the church of Ephesus; he began to speak them in [Acts 20:18](./17.md). -## translationNotes +# I coveted no man's silver -* Paul continues to speak. -* **I coveted no man's silver** - "I did not greatly desire someone's silver" or "I did not want for myself anyone's silver" -* **man's silver, gold, or clothing** - Clothing was considered a treasure; the more you had, the richer you were. -* **You, yourself** - The word "yourselves" is used here to add emphasis. (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **these hands served my own needs** - "I worked with my own hands to earn money and pay for my own expenses." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **help the weak by working** - "Work so as to have money to help people who cannot earn it for themselves" -* **It is more blessed to give than to receive** - A person receives the favor of God and experiences his joy more when he gives. +"I did not desire someone's silver" or "I did not want for myself anyone's silver" + +# man's silver, gold, or clothing + +Clothing was considered a treasure; the more you had, the richer you were. + +# You yourselves + +The word "yourselves" is used here to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# these hands served my own needs + +The word "hands" here represents the entire person. AT: "I worked to earn money and pay for my own expenses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you should help the weak by working + +"you should work so as to have money to help people who cannot earn it for themselves" + +# the weak + +You can state this nominal adjective as an adjective. AT: "weak persons" or "those who are weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# weak + +"sick" + +# the words of the Lord Jesus + +Here "words" refers to what Jesus has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It is more blessed to give than to receive + +This means a person receives the favor of God and experiences more joy when he gives to other people rather than always receiving from other people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/36.md b/act/20/36.md index efbf4f1a38..53c1a1f79f 100644 --- a/act/20/36.md +++ b/act/20/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Paul ends his time with the elders of the church of Ephesus by praying with them. -## translationNotes +# he knelt down and prayed -* **fell on Paul's neck** - "hugged him closely" or "put their arms around him" -* **kissed him** - Kissing someone on the cheek is an expression of brotherly or friendly love in the Middle East. -* **they would never see his face again** - "they would never see (him) Paul again on this earth." "his face" is used here to refer to Paul as a person. (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +It was a common custom to kneel down while praying. It was a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# embraced Paul + +"hugged him closely" or "put their arms around him" + +# kissed him + +Kissing someone on the cheek is an expression of brotherly or friendly love in the Middle East. + +# they would never see his face again + +The word "face" here represents Paul's physical body. AT: "will not see me anymore on this earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/intro.md b/act/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a5e1a65b49 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Acts 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter functions as a way for Paul to say goodbye to the people of Ephesus. He gives them instructions, since they will never see him again. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Race ##### +Paul uses the image of a "race" for the Christian life. This is not to say that the Christian life is about winning or coming in first place. Instead, it is a long race that requires discipline and perseverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]]) + +##### The leading of the Holy Spirit ##### +Christians are to follow the leadership and guidance of the Holy Spirit in their lives. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 20:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/01.md b/act/21/01.md index 1e268e6dc7..90cd683cc1 100644 --- a/act/21/01.md +++ b/act/21/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:phonecia]] +The writer Luke, Paul, and his companions continue their travels. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **we had parted** - The word "we" refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **we took a straight course to the city of Cos** - "we went straight to the city of Cos" or "we went directly to the city of Cos" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **City of Cos** - Cos is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean sea region. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **city of Rhodes** - Rhodes is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean sea region south of Cos and northeast of Crete. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **city of Patara** - Patara is a city on the south west coast of modern day Turkey south of the Aegean Sea in the Mediterranean sea. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# we took a straight course to the city of Cos + +"we went straight to the city of Cos" or "we went directly to the city of Cos" + +# city of Cos + +Cos is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean Sea region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# city of Rhodes + +Rhodes is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean Sea region south of Cos and northeast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# city of Patara + +Patara is a city on the southwest coast of modern day Turkey south of the Aegean Sea in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When we found a ship crossing over to Phoenicia + +Here "a ship crossing over" stands for the crew that would sail the ship. AT: "When we found a ship with a crew sailing over to Phoenicia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a ship crossing over + +Here "crossing" does not mean it was presently crossing but that it would be crossing to Phoenicia soon. AT: "a ship that would be going across the water" or "a ship that would be going" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/03.md b/act/21/03.md index 32f31040a6..8d95c9089d 100644 --- a/act/21/03.md +++ b/act/21/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cyprus]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:syria]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +Here the word "we" refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# leaving it on the left side of the boat -* **We had come** - The word "we" refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them -* **left it on the left,** - "passed the island on the left" -* **These disciples said to Paul through the Spirit** - "These disciples told Paul what God had revealed to them." +"passed the island on the left" the left is the "port" side of a boat. + +# where the ship was to unload its cargo + +Here "ship" stands for the crew that was sailing the ship. AT: "the crew would unload the cargo from the ship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Through the Spirit they kept urging Paul + +"These believers told Paul what the Holy Spirit had revealed to them". They "urged him over and over." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/05.md b/act/21/05.md index b2bec20f0a..74fca34a7e 100644 --- a/act/21/05.md +++ b/act/21/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Here the word "They" refers to the believers from Tyre. -## translationNotes +# When our days there were over -* **When we had spent the days** - "When the time to leave had come" -* **They all** - The word "they" refers to the believers from Tyre. Luke goes on to state that "they" also included the women and children of all the believers. -* **we all said goodbye** - This was a leave taking of friends. +This speaks about days as if they were something that a person could spend. AT: "When the seven days were over" or "When it was time to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# knelt down on the beach, prayed + +It was a common custom to kneel down while praying. This was a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# said farewell to each other + +"said goodbye to one another" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/07.md b/act/21/07.md index f86a9519b3..74252c0473 100644 --- a/act/21/07.md +++ b/act/21/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +This begins Paul's time in Caesarea. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **When we had finished the voyage** - The word “we" refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **we arrived at Ptolemais** - Ptolemaic was a city south of Tyre, Lebanon. Ptolemaic is modern day Acre, Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **one of the seven** - One of the seven men chosen to distribute food and aid to the widows earlier in Acts [[en:bible:notes:act:06:05]]. -* **this man** - "Philip" -* **four virgin daughters who prophesied** - "four virgin daughters who were known as people who regularly received and passed along messages from God" +Here the word "we" refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# we arrived at Ptolemais + +Ptolemaic was a city south of Tyre, Lebanon. Ptolemaic is modern day Acre, Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the brothers + +"fellow believers" + +# one of the seven + +The "seven" refers to the men chosen to distribute food and aid to the widows in [Acts 6:5](../06/05.md). + +# this man + +"Philip" from verse 8. + +# evangelist + +"one who proclaims the good news" usually one who tells people the good news who had not heard the message of salvation + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells background information about Philip and his daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# four virgin daughters who prophesied + +"four virgin daughters who regularly received and passed along messages from God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/10.md b/act/21/10.md index d83f17c841..6a46ad9486 100644 --- a/act/21/10.md +++ b/act/21/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +This tells about a prophecy made about Paul in Caesarea by the prophet Agabus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **a certain prophet** - This person was known as a person who regularly received and passed along messages from God. -* **named Agabus** - Agabus was a man from Judea. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **took Paul's belt** - "removed Paul's belt from Paul's waist" -* **With it he tied** - "using Paul's belt, he restrained" -* **hand him over** - "relinquish him" or "deliver him" -* **into the hands of** - "into the legal custody of." The Gentiles would arrest Paul by taking hold of him with their hands. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the words "we" and "us" refers to Luke, Paul, and those with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# a certain prophet named Agabus + +This introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# named Agabus + +Agabus was a man from Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# took Paul's belt + +"removed Paul's belt from Paul's waist" + +# Thus says the Holy Spirit, 'So shall the Jews in Jerusalem tie up ... of the Gentiles.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. The inner quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "'The Holy Spirit says that this will be how the Jews in Jerusalem will tie up ... of the Gentiles.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# the Jews + +This does not mean all the Jews, but that these were the people who would do that. AT: "the Jewish leaders" or "some of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# hand him over + +"deliver him" + +# into the hands of the Gentiles + +The word "hands" here represents control. AT: "into the legal custody of the Gentiles" or "to the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Gentiles + +This stands for the authorities among the Gentiles. AT: "the Gentile authorities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/12.md b/act/21/12.md index 8c3a82d551..e168a6fc34 100644 --- a/act/21/12.md +++ b/act/21/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Here the word "we" refers to Luke and the other believers but does not include the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart -* **What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart?** - Paul wants them to stop trying to persuade him to not go to Jerusalem, because they are making him sad with their tears. Alternate translation: "Stop what you are doing, weeping and breaking my heart." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **May the will of the Lord be done** - "we are now accepting whatever is God's plan for Paul in Jerusalem" or "we are now ready to accept what the Lord wants for Paul in Jerusalem" +Paul asks this question to show the believers they should stop trying to persuade him. AT: "Stop what you are doing. Your weeping is breaking my heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# breaking my heart + +To make someone sad or to discourage someone is spoken of as if it were a heart being broken. Here "heart" stands for a person's emotions. AT: "discouraging me" or "making me very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not only to be tied up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "not only for them to tie me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the name of the Lord Jesus + +Here "name" refers to the person of Jesus. AT: "for the sake of the Lord Jesus" or "because I believe in the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# did not wish to be persuaded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "did not want us to try to persuade him not to go to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May the will of the Lord be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May everything happen as the Lord has planned it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/15.md b/act/21/15.md index f8adce7feb..8c35227140 100644 --- a/act/21/15.md +++ b/act/21/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:cyprus]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +This ends Paul's time in Caesarea. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **we picked up our bags** - The word “we" refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **they brought with them** - The word "they" refers to some of the disciples from Caesarea -* **Mnason, a man from Cyprus** - Mnason is a man from the island of cyprus. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **an early disciple** - "a follower from the first group of believers" +Here the word "we" refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, and not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# General Information: + +The word "They" refers to some of the disciples from Caesarea. + +# They brought with them a man + +"Among them was a man" + +# Mnason, a man from Cyprus + +Mnason is a man from the island of Cyprus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# an early disciple + +This means Mnason was one of the first to believe in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/17.md b/act/21/17.md index 6dc97fec18..d4658a6955 100644 --- a/act/21/17.md +++ b/act/21/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Paul and his companions arrive in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **the brothers welcomed us** - These were the remaining jewish believers that remained in Jerusalem after the great persecution began. -* **When he had greeted them, he reported** - "After Paul greeted the elders, he reported" or "after greeting the elders, Paul reported" -* **his ministry** - "Paul's ministry" -* ** he reported one by one the things that God** - Paul gave a detailed account of all the things that God" +Here the words "he" and "his" refers to Paul. The word "them" refers to the elders. + +# the brothers welcomed us + +Here "brothers" refers to the believers in Jerusalem whether male or female. AT: "the fellow believers welcomed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# he reported one by one + +"he gave a detailed account of all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/20.md b/act/21/20.md index b5f4b6e74e..5fbc3f7a6b 100644 --- a/act/21/20.md +++ b/act/21/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +The elders in Jerusalem begin their response to Paul. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **When they heard it, they praised God, and they said to him,** - "When the elders heard it, the elders praised God, and the elders said to Paul," -* **They are all determined** - "The Jewish believers are all determined" -* **They have been told** - "People told the Jewish believers" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you tell them** - "you tell the Jews" +Here the word "they" refers to James and the elders. + +# General Information: + +The word "him" refers to Paul. + +# General Information: + +The word "They" refers to Jewish believers who wanted all believing Jews to keep the Jewish laws and customs. + +# General Information: + +The words "them" and "their" refers to Jewish people who believe in Christ. + +# brother + +Here "brother" means "fellow believer." + +# They have been told about you ... not to follow the old customs + +Apparently here there are some Jews that are distorting what Paul is teaching. He does not discourage the Jews from obeying the Law of Moses. His message is that circumcision and the other customs are not necessary for Jesus to save them. You can make explicit that the leaders of the Jewish believers in Jerusalem knew that Paul was teaching God's true message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They have been told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People have told the Jewish believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to abandon Moses + +Here "Moses" stands for the law of Moses. AT: "to stop obeying the laws that Moses gave us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not to follow the old customs + +To obey the old customs is spoken of as if the customs were leading them and the people follow behind. AT: "not to obey the old customs" or "not to practice the old customs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the old customs + +"the customs that Jews normally do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/22.md b/act/21/22.md index 892c4d810e..1e58105cbe 100644 --- a/act/21/22.md +++ b/act/21/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Here the word "we" refers to James and the elders. (See: [Acts 21:18](./17.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The Jerusalem elders continue to speak to Paul. -* **What should we do?** - The word "we" refers to the elders. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **four men who made a vow** - This was the kind of vow where the person would not drink alcohol or cut their hair until the end of the set period of time. Alternate translation: "four men who made a promise to God". -* **pay their expenses for them** - The expenses would go towards buying a male and female lamb, a ram, and grain and drink offerings. Alternate translation: "pay for what they will need." -* **keep the law** - "live a life that conforms to the Law of Moses and other Jewish customs" +The word "They" refers to the Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted to teach Jewish believers that they could still follow the laws of Moses. (See: [Acts 21:20-21](./20.md)) + +# General Information: + +The words "them," "their," and the first "they" refer to the four men who made a vow. The second words "they" and "They" refer to the Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted to teach Jewish believers that they could still follow the laws of Moses. + +# four men who made a vow + +"four men who made a promise to God." This was the kind of vow where a person would not drink alcohol or cut his hair until the end of a set period of time. + +# Take these men and purify yourself with them + +They had to make themselves ritually pure so they could worship in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pay their expenses for them + +"pay for what they will need." The expenses would go toward buying a male and female lamb, a ram, and grain and drink offerings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they may shave their heads + +This was a sign that the person had completed what they promised God they would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the things they have been told about you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that people are saying about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# follow the law + +This speaks of obeying the law as if the law were a leader and the people follow behind it. AT: "obey the law" or "live a life that conforms to the law of Moses and other Jewish customs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/25.md b/act/21/25.md index d6e35cf0fc..55039dc823 100644 --- a/act/21/25.md +++ b/act/21/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +James and the elders in Jerusalem finish their request to Paul. (See: [Acts 21:18](./17.md)) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* the Jerusalem elders continue to speak to Paul. -* **we wrote** - The word "we" refers to the elders. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **from what is strangled** - "from animals killed for food without having the blood drained" -* **purifying himself with them** - before entering the temple area the Jews were required to be ceremonially or ritually clean. This cleansing had to do with jews having contact with Gentiles. -* ** the days of purification** - This is a separate purification process related to the vows the men made, separate from the purification processed they were required to fulfill to enter the temple area. -* **until the offering was offered ** - "until they presented the animals for a offering" +Here the word "we" refers to James and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# they should keep themselves from things sacrificed to idols, from blood, from what is strangled + +All of these are rules about what they can eat. They are forbidden to eat meat of animals sacrificed to an idol, meat with blood still in it, and meat from a strangled animal because it would still have blood in the meat. See how you translated similar phrases in [Acts 15:20](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they should keep themselves from things sacrificed to idols + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they stay away from the meat of an animal that someone sacrificed to an idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from what is strangled + +This can be stated in active form. You can also state explicitly the assumed information about strangled animals. AT: "from animals that a person has strangled" or "from animals that a person killed for food but did not drain its blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# took the men + +These are the 4 men who made a vow. + +# purifying himself with them + +Before entering the temple area the Jews were required to be ceremonially or ritually clean. This cleansing had to do with Jews having contact with Gentiles. + +# went into the temple + +They did not go into the temple itself where only the high priest was allowed to enter. They entered the temple courtyard. AT: "went into the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the days of purification + +This is a separate purification process from the purification process which they were required to fulfill in order to enter the temple area. + +# until the offering was offered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until they presented the animals for an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/27.md b/act/21/27.md index 772e93540a..0ef1a37b04 100644 --- a/act/21/27.md +++ b/act/21/27.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This begins the story of Paul's arrest. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **excited all the multitude** - "caused a large number of people to start a protest" -* **laid hands on him** - "physically grabbed him" -* **Besides, he has also brought Greeks into the temple** - Only Jewish males were allowed to enter the inner court of the Jerusalem temple. -* **Trophimus** - This was the Greek man that Paul was accused of bringing into the inner temple area that was only for Jews. +Verse 29 gives background information about the Jews from Asia. + +# the seven days + +These are the seven days for purification. + +# in the temple + +Paul was not in the temple itself. He was in the temple courtyard. AT: "in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# stirred up the whole crowd + +Inciting people to become very angry at Paul is spoken of as if they stirred up the crowd's emotions. AT: "caused a large number of people to be very angry at Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# laid hands on him + +Here "laid hands on" means to "seize" or to "grab." See how you translated "laid hands on" in [Acts 5:18](../05/17.md). AT: "grabbed Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the people, the law, and this place + +"the people of Israel, the law of Moses, and the temple" + +# Besides, he has also brought Greeks into the temple + +Only Jewish males were allowed in certain areas of the courtyard of the Jerusalem temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For they had previously ... into the temple + +This is background information. Luke is explaining why the Jews from Asia thought Paul brought a Greek into the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Trophimus + +This was a Greek man that they accused Paul of having brought into the inner temple area that was only for Jews. See how you translated his name in [Acts 20:4](../20/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/30.md b/act/21/30.md index 633ef8c147..01219831c2 100644 --- a/act/21/30.md +++ b/act/21/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# All the city was excited -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The word "All" here is an exaggeration for emphasis. The word "city" represents the people in Jerusalem. AT: "Many people in the city became angry at Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# laid hold of Paul -* **All the city was excited** - "Many people in the city became angry at Paul" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the doors were immediately shut** - The caretakers quickly closed the temple doors after the crowd dragged Paul out. "The Jews immediately shut the temple doors" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the chief captain** - The military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. -* **all Jerusalem was in an uproar** - "a lot of people in Jerusalem were in an uproar." This is an exaggeration to stress that a large crowd was upset by this event. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"seized Paul" or "grabbed Paul" + +# the doors were immediately shut + +They shut the doors so that there would not be rioting in the temple area. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Some of the Jews immediately shut the temple doors" or "The temple guards immediately shut the doors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# news came up to the chief captain of the guard + +Here "news" refers to the messenger who went to speak the news. AT: "someone gave news to the chief captain of the guard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# news came up to the chief captain + +The phrase "came up to" is used because the chief captain was in a fortress connected to the temple that was higher in elevation than the temple courtyard. + +# the chief captain + +a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers + +# all Jerusalem was in an uproar + +The word "Jerusalem" here represents the people of Jerusalem. The word "all" is an exaggeration to show a large crowd was upset. AT: "a lot of people in Jerusalem were in an uproar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/32.md b/act/21/32.md index 74565054e2..9e56c829bf 100644 --- a/act/21/32.md +++ b/act/21/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +The first word "he" and the word "He" refer to the chief captain of the guard mentioned in [Acts 21:31](./30.md). -## translationNotes +# ran down -* **Right away he took ** - "Right away the chief captain" -* **ran down** - From the fortress, there are stairs going down into the court. -* **the chief captain** - The military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. -* **laid hold on Paul** - "took hold of Paul" or "arrested Paul" +From the fortress, there are stairs going down into the court. + +# the chief captain + +a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers + +# laid hold of Paul + +"took hold of Paul" or "arrested Paul" + +# commanded him to be bound + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "commanded his soldiers to bind him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with two chains + +This means they bound Paul to two Roman soldiers, one on each side of him. + +# he asked who he was and what he had done + +This can be stated as a direct quotation. AT: "He asked, 'Who is this man? What has he done?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# he asked who he was + +The chief captain is speaking to the crowd, not to Paul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/34.md b/act/21/34.md index c928676d02..2d2bd50435 100644 --- a/act/21/34.md +++ b/act/21/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# and others another -* [[en:tw:paul]] +The words "were shouting" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "and others were shouting another" or "and others in the crowd were shouting something else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# the captain -* **the captain** - The military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. -* **into the fortress** - A fortress is a heavily protected building used by the military. -* **when he came to the steps, he was carried** - "when Paul came to the steps, the soldiers carried him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) The soldiers physically picked up Paul and took him up the stairs. -* **away with him** - "put him to death." The crowd is using polite language to ask for Paul's death. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This was a military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. + +# he ordered that Paul be brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he ordered his soldiers to bring Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into the fortress + +This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. + +# When he came to the steps, he was carried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Paul came to the steps of the fortress, the soldiers carried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Away with him + +The crowd is using somewhat milder and less exact language to ask for Paul's death. AT: "Put him to death" or "Kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/37.md b/act/21/37.md index 5b80e4050a..1cd25c2fe7 100644 --- a/act/21/37.md +++ b/act/21/37.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# As Paul was about to be brought -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As the soldiers were ready to bring Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the fortress -* **as Paul was about to be brought** - "as the soldiers were about to bring Paul" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) or "When the soldiers were ready to bring Paul" -* **the fortress** - see how you translated this in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:21:34]]. -* **the chief captain** - a military officer of about 600 soldiers -* **"Do you speak Greek? Are you not then the Egyptian, who previously led a rebellion and took the four thousand terrorists into the wilderness?"** - The chief captain uses these questions to express his surprise. Paul is not who he thought he was. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are you not then the Egyptian** - Shortly before Paul's visit, an unnamed man from Egypt had launched a revolt against Rome in Jerusalem. Later he escaped "into the desert", and the commander wonders if Paul might be the same man. -* **the four thousand terrorists** - "the 4000 men who kill and harm others who disagree with them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](./34.md). + +# the chief captain + +a Roman military officer of about 600 soldiers + +# Do you speak Greek? Are you not then the Egyptian, who previously led a rebellion and led the four thousand men of the 'Assassins' out into the wilderness? + +The chief captain uses these questions to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. AT: "So you speak Greek. I thought you were that Egyptian who led a rebellion in the wilderness with the four thousand terrorists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are you not then the Egyptian + +Shortly before Paul's visit, an unnamed man from Egypt had launched a revolt against Rome in Jerusalem. Later he escaped into the wilderness and the commander wonders if Paul might be the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# led a rebellion + +This word "rebellion" can be stated as a verb. AT: "caused people to rebel against the Roman government" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the four thousand men + +"the 4,000 terrorists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Assassins + +This refers to a group of Jewish rebels who killed Romans and anyone who supported Romans. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/39.md b/act/21/39.md index c725fbb8e6..e5b4a71f90 100644 --- a/act/21/39.md +++ b/act/21/39.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cilicia]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:tarsus]] +Paul begins to defend what he did. -## translationNotes +# I ask you -* **I ask you** - "I beg you" or "I plead with you" -* **allow me** - "please allow me" or please permit me" -* **the captain** - "the military officer of about 600 soldiers" -* **Paul stood on the steps** - This refers to the steps on a stairway to the fortress. +"I beg you" or "I plead with you" + +# allow me + +"please allow me" or please permit me" + +# the captain had given him permission + +The word "permission" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the captain permitted Paul to speak" or "the captain allowed Paul to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Paul stood on the steps + +The word "steps" here refers to the steps on the stairway to the fortress. + +# motioned with the hand to the people + +It can be stated explicitly why Paul motioned with the hand. AT: "motioned with his hand for the people to be quiet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When there was a deep silence + +"When the people were completely silent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/intro.md b/act/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b5c4e60b76 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Acts 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +It is important to recognize 21:20-26 is one long quote. The back and forth nature of this section can confuse readers. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "They are all determined to keep the law" ##### +The Jews in Jerusalem wanted to still follow the law of Moses. Apparently, this desire or practice remained in Jerusalem longer than elsewhere. James was asking Paul for help in this matter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Nazarite vow ##### +The vow made by the four men in this chapter was likely a Nazarite vow because they shaved their heads ([Acts 21:23](./22.md)). + +##### Gentiles in the temple ##### +Gentiles were only allowed in the outermost part of the temple area. The Jews accused Paul of bringing a Gentile man into an area where Gentiles were not permitted. To the Jews, this would have violated the holiness of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### "I am a citizen" ##### +Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/01.md b/act/22/01.md index 3dbc171de6..b4ba72c36b 100644 --- a/act/22/01.md +++ b/act/22/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Paul speaks to the Jewish crowd in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Paul is speaking to the people. -* **Brothers and fathers** - This was a polite way of addressing men who were Paul's age and older men. -* **listen to my defense** - "please listen to my defense" -* **I will now make to you** - "I will now present to you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* ** the Hebrew language** - "their Hebrew language" +Verse 2 gives background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Brothers and fathers + +This is a polite way of addressing men who are Paul's age as well as the older men in the audience. + +# I will now make to you + +"I will now explain to you" or "I will now present to you" + +# the Hebrew language + +The Hebrew language was the language of the Jews. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/03.md b/act/22/03.md index d2ff0751e4..7804793ae0 100644 --- a/act/22/03.md +++ b/act/22/03.md @@ -1,32 +1,63 @@ -## translationWords +# but educated in this city at the feet of Gamaliel -* [[en:tw:Tarsus]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:cilicia]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but I was a student of rabbi Gamaliel here in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# at the feet of Gamaliel -* Paul continues to speak to the people. -* **educated in this city at the feet of Gamaliel** - "was a student of rabbi Gamaliel in here in Jerusalem" -* **I was instructed according to the strict ways of the law of our forefathers** - "They instructed me according to the strict ways of the law of our forefathers" or "The instruction I received followed the exact details of the law of our forefathers" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I am zealous for God** - "I have strong feelings and acts to do what I believe is God's will" or "I am passionate about my service to God" -* **just as all or you are today** - "in the same way all of you are today" or "just like you today." Paul is comparing himself with the crowd. -* **this Way** - "The Way" was the name given to the local body of believers in Jerusalem following penticoste. (See Acts verse [[en:bible:notes:act:09:01]]) -* **to the death** - Paul was willing to kill people who followed the Way. -* **bear witness** - "give a witness" or "testify" -* **I received letters from them** - "I received letters from the high priests and elders" -* **I was to bring back in bonds** - "They ordered me to bring back in chains" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "feet" stands for the place where a student would sit while learning from a teacher. AT: "by Gamaliel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gamaliel + +Gamaliel was one of the most prominent teachers of the Jewish law. See how you translated this name in [Acts 5:34](../05/33.md). + +# I was instructed according to the strict ways of the law of our fathers + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He instructed me how to carefully obey every law of our forefathers" or "The instruction I received followed the exact details of the law of our forefathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# law of our fathers + +"law of our ancestors." This refers to the law that God gave to the people of Israel through Moses. + +# I am zealous for God + +"I am completely dedicated to obeying God" or "I am passionate about my service to God" + +# just as all of you are today + +"in the same way all of you are today." Paul compares himself with the crowd. + +# I persecuted this Way + +Here "this Way" represents the people who belonged to the group called "the Way." AT: "I persecuted the people who belonged to this Way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this Way + +This was a term used to refer to Christianity. See how you translated "the Way" in [Acts 9:2](../09/01.md). + +# to the death + +The word "death" can be translated with the verb "kill" or "die." AT: "and I looked for ways to kill them" or "and I even caused them to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# binding up and delivering them to prison both men and women + +"tying up both men and women and putting them in prison" + +# can bear witness + +"can testify" or "can tell you" + +# I received letters from them + +"The high priests and elders gave me letters" + +# for the brothers in Damascus + +Here "brothers" refers to "fellow Jews." + +# to bring them back in bonds to Jerusalem + +"They ordered me to bind with chains those of the Way and bring them back to Jerusalem" + +# in order for them to be punished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in order that they may receive punishment" or "in order that the Jewish authorities could punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/06.md b/act/22/06.md index 5ce83ce714..677e109bce 100644 --- a/act/22/06.md +++ b/act/22/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] +Paul describes his encounter with Jesus. -## translationNotes +# It happened that -* Paul continues to speak to the people. +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# heard a voice say to me + +Here "voice" stands for the person speaking. AT: "I heard someone say to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/09.md b/act/22/09.md index e031c9000a..50df5d23fa 100644 --- a/act/22/09.md +++ b/act/22/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they did not understand the voice of him who spoke to me -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Here "voice" stands for the person speaking. AT: "they did not understand what the one who spoke to me was saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# there you will be told -* Paul continues to speak. -* **the voice of him** - "the voice of Jesus" -* **I could not see because of that light's brightness** - "I was left blind because of that light's brightness." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there someone will tell you" or "there you will find out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I could not see because of that light's brightness + +"I was left blind because of that light's brightness" + +# being led by the hands of those who were with me, I came into Damascus + +Here "hands" stands for those leading Paul. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those with me guided me into Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/12.md b/act/22/12.md index bf9b8e7068..2653cf6c4f 100644 --- a/act/22/12.md +++ b/act/22/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:law]] +The words "He" and "him" refer to Ananias. -## translationNotes +# Ananias -* Paul continues to speak to the Jewish crowd on the fortress steps. -* **devout man according to the law** - Ananias was very serious about following God's law. -* **well spoken of** - "with a good reputation among others" -* **In that very hour** - “at that instant” or “instantly.” This is an idiom which means something happens immediately. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Though this is not the same Ananias who died earlier in Acts [Acts 5:3](../05/03.md), you may translate it the same way though as you did in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# devout man according to the law + +Ananias was very serious about following God's law. + +# well spoken of by all the Jews who lived there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Jews who lived there spoke well of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Brother Saul + +Here "Brother" is a polite way to address someone. AT: "My friend Saul" + +# receive your sight + +The word"sight" can be translated with the verb "see." AT: "see again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# In that very hour + +This was a customary way of saying something happened immediately. AT: "At that instant" or "Instantly" or "Immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/14.md b/act/22/14.md index 9ebeca672d..eab06eb5f6 100644 --- a/act/22/14.md +++ b/act/22/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Paul finishes telling what had happened to him in Damascus. He quotes what Ananias said to him. This is still part of his speech to the crowd in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Paul continues to speak. -* **Then he said** - "Then Ananias said" -* **his will** - "what God is planning and will cause to happen" -* **why are you waiting?** - Alternate translation: "Do not wait!" or "Do not delay!" (UDB). This is a rhetorical question used to exhort Paul to be baptized. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **wash away your sins** - As washing one's body removes dirt, calling on the name of Jesus for forgiveness cleanses one's inner being from sin. "ask forgiveness for your sins." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "he" refers to Ananias. (See: [Acts 22:12](./12.md)) + +# his will + +"what God is planning and will cause to happen" + +# to hear the voice coming from his own mouth + +Both "voice" and "mouth" refer to the one speaking. AT: "to hear him speak directly to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to all men + +Here "men" means all people whether male or female. AT: "to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# Now + +Here "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# why are you waiting? + +This question was asked to exhort Paul to be baptized. AT: "Do not wait!" or "Do not delay!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# be baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let me baptize you" or "receive baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wash away your sins + +As washing one's body removes dirt, calling on the name of Jesus for forgiveness cleanses one's inner being from sin. AT: "ask forgiveness for your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# calling on his name + +Here "name" refers to the Lord. AT: "calling on the Lord" or "trusting in the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/17.md b/act/22/17.md index 14f1cb0658..f1d0fb8c44 100644 --- a/act/22/17.md +++ b/act/22/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:trance]] +Paul begins to tell the crowd about his vision of Jesus. -## translationNotes +# it happened that -* Paul continues to speak. -* **I fell into a trance** - "A vision appeared to me" or "God gave men a vision" -* **I saw him say to me** - "I saw Jesus as he said to me" -* **they will not accept** - "those who live in Jerusalem will not accept" +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# I was given a vision + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I had a vision" or "God gave me a vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I saw him say to me + +"I saw Jesus as he said to me" + +# they will not accept your testimony about me + +"those who live in Jerusalem will not believe what you tell them about me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/19.md b/act/22/19.md index 58973e33f0..447ecbf8e8 100644 --- a/act/22/19.md +++ b/act/22/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:stephen]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This ends what Paul was able to say to the crowd of Jewish people by the fortress. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Paul continues to speak. -* **they themselves know** - The non-believing Jews at Jerusalem. -* **beat those** - "Arranged to have them punished by a whipping" -* **every synagogue** - Paul sought out any jewish believers who attended any synagogue around Jerusalem. -* ** the blood of Stephen...was spilled** - this is an expression for brutally beating a person until they are dead. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the word "they" refers to the non-believing Jews in Jerusalem. + +# they themselves know + +The word "themselves" is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# in every synagogue + +Paul went to synagogues to find Jews who believed in Jesus. + +# the blood of Stephen your witness was spilled + +Here "blood" stands for Stephen's life. To spill blood means to kill. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they killed Stephen who testified about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/22.md b/act/22/22.md index 3f008a4238..ecd57ec963 100644 --- a/act/22/22.md +++ b/act/22/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Here the words "him" and the first two words "he" refer to Paul. The word "He" and the last "he" refer to the chief captain. -## translationNotes +# Away with such a fellow from the earth -* **Away with such a fellow from the earth** - "kill him" -* **commanded Paul to be brought** - "ordered his soldiers to bring Paul" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the fortress** - see how you translated this in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:21:34]]. -* **that he himself** - "that the commander himself" +The phrase "from the earth" adds emphasis to "Away with such a fellow." AT: "Kill him" + +# As they were + +"While they were." The phrase "As they were" is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. + +# throwing off their cloaks, and throwing dust into the air + +These actions show that the Jews there are outraged because they feel Paul has spoken against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# chief captain + +a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers + +# commanded Paul to be brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "ordered his soldiers to bring Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fortress + +This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md). + +# He ordered that he should be questioned with scourging + +The commander wants Paul tortured by whipping him to ensure he tells the truth. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He ordered his soldiers to whip Paul to force him to tell the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that he himself + +The word "himself" is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/25.md b/act/22/25.md index 0e43e31b89..1443d4cff7 100644 --- a/act/22/25.md +++ b/act/22/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:citizen]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] +Here the word "they" refers to the soldiers. -## translationNotes +# the thongs -* **the thongs** - These were strips of leather or animal hide. -* **"Is it lawful for you to scourge a man who is a Roman and uncondemned?"** - This rhetorical question is used to make the centurion question himself about whipping Paul. Alternate translation: "It is not lawful for you to whip a man who is a Roman and uncondemned!"(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **"What are you about to do?"** - This rhetorical question is used to make the commander think about if he should whip Paul. "You should not do this!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These were strips of leather or animal hide. + +# Is it lawful for you to scourge a man who is a Roman and who has not been put on trial? + +Paul uses this question to make the centurion check the validity of having his soldiers whip Paul. AT: "It is not lawful for you to whip a man who is a Roman and who was not given his legal right to a trial!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What are you about to do? + +This question is used to urge the commander to reconsider his plan to whip Paul. AT: "You should not do this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/27.md b/act/22/27.md index 15ef5437f1..b608f3e08b 100644 --- a/act/22/27.md +++ b/act/22/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:citizen]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] +Here the word "him" refers to Paul. -## translationNotes +# The chief captain came -* **said to him** - "said to Paul" -* **I acquired citizenship** - "I obtained citizenship" or "I became a citizen" -* **"I was born a Roman citizen"** - "I was born into a family of Roman citizens, thus I was a citizen automatically." -* **the men who were going to** - "the men who planned to" or "the men who were preparing to" +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# It was only with a large amount of money + +"It was only after I paid a lot of money to the Roman authorities." The captain makes this statement because he knows how hard it is to become a Roman citizen, and he suspects Paul is not telling truth. + +# I acquired citizenship + +"I got citizenship." The word "citizenship" is an abstract noun. AT: "I became a citizen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I was born a Roman citizen + +If the father is a Roman citizen, then his children become Roman citizens automatically when they are born. + +# the men who were going to question + +"the men who planned to question" or "the men who were preparing to question" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/30.md b/act/22/30.md index f0388a9800..4dc3d528cd 100644 --- a/act/22/30.md +++ b/act/22/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Here the word "he" refers to the chief captain. -## translationNotes +# chief captain -* **chief captain** - a military officer of about 600 soldiers -* **he brought Paul down** - From the fortress, there is a stairway going down to the temple courts. +a military officer of about 600 soldiers + +# So he untied his bonds + +Possibly the "chief officer" stands for the chief officers' soldiers. AT: "So the chief captain ordered his soldiers to untie Paul's bonds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he brought Paul down + +From the fortress, there is a stairway going down to the temple courts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/intro.md b/act/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e8a81d3fc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Acts 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the second account of Paul's conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul's conversion. (See: [Acts 9](../09/01.md) and [Acts 26](../26/01.md)). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "In the Hebrew language" ##### +The Hebrew language was not commonly spoken in Israel at this time. People would have spoken Aramaic and Greek. Typically, it was the educated Jewish scholars who were able to speak Hebrew. This is why the people paid attention when Paul started speaking in Hebrew. + +##### "The Way" ##### + +This was a name given to the faith of the very early Christian believers. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I am Jesus" ##### + +The text does not make it explicitly clear, but this is Jesus after he was raised from the dead. He was only visible to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Roman citizenship ##### + +Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. This "chief captain" could have gotten into trouble for treating a Roman citizen in this way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/01.md b/act/23/01.md index 51fab0276a..3011d828df 100644 --- a/act/23/01.md +++ b/act/23/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Paul stands before the chief priests and the council members. (See: [Acts 22:30](../22/30.md)) -## translationNotes +# Brothers -* **The high priest Ananias** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **whitewashed wall** - This is the practice of painting a wall white so that it looks clean. Just as a a wall has been painted to look nice, so can a person appear to be morally good but yet be full of evil intent. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **order me to be struck** - "command people to strike me" or "command these men to hit me" +Here this means "Fellow Jews." + +# I have lived before God in all good conscience until this day + +"I know that even to this day I have done what God has wanted me to do" + +# Ananias + +This is the name of a man. Though this is the same name, this not the same Ananias as in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md) nor the same Ananias as in [Acts 9:10](../09/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# whitewashed wall + +This refers to a wall that was painted white to make it look clean. Paul told Ananias that just as a wall can be painted to look clean so Ananias appeared to look morally clean, but he was really full of evil intent. AT: "whitepainted wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Are you sitting to judge ... against the law? + +Paul uses a question to point out Ananias' hypocrisy. AT: "You sit there to judge ... against the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# order me to be struck + +This can be stated in active form. You can use the same word for "strike" as you did in the phrase "God will strike you." AT: "command people to strike me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/04.md b/act/23/04.md index 8dcf103ecf..21337eb48d 100644 --- a/act/23/04.md +++ b/act/23/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Is this how you insult God's high priest? -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +The men use this question to scold Paul for what he has said in [Acts 23:03](./01.md). AT: "Do not insult God's high priest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# For it is written -* **Is this how you insult God’s high priest** - The men scold Paul because of what he had said. Alternate translation: "Do not insult God's high priest!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I did not know, brothers, that he was high priest** - possible meanings are 1) "Paul did not know because a high priest should not have acted like this one did or" 2) "Paul has been away from Jerusalem so long that a new high priest has been appointed that he doesn't know." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +Paul is about to quote what Moses wrote in the law. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Moses wrote in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/06.md b/act/23/06.md index 1d518d8e32..c651939fe3 100644 --- a/act/23/06.md +++ b/act/23/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Brothers -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Here "Brothers" means "Fellow Jews" -## translationNotes +# a son of Pharisees -* **I am being judged** - "you are judging me" -* **the assembly was divided** - "the members of the assembly disagreed" -* **there is no resurrection, no angels, and no spirits** - Possible meanings are 1) they did not believe in the resurrection, angels or spirits or 2) God will not resurrect people from the dead as angels or as spirits. +Here "son" means he is the literal son of a Pharisee and also the descendant of Pharisees. AT: "and my father and forefathers were Pharisees" + +# the resurrection of the dead that I + +The word "resurrection" can be stated as "come back to life." The word "dead" can be stated as "those who have died." AT: "those who have died will come back to life, I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I am being judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are judging me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the crowd was divided + +"the people in the crowd strongly disagreed with one another" + +# For the Sadducees ... but the Pharisees + +This is background information about the Sadducees and Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/09.md b/act/23/09.md index 3a4d0b2f31..7a2d19bc83 100644 --- a/act/23/09.md +++ b/act/23/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# So a large uproar occurred -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +"So they began shouting loudly at one another." The word "so" marks an event that happened because of something else that happened previously. In this case, the previous event is Paul's stating his belief in the resurrection. -## translationNotes +# What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him? -* **"What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?"** - The Pharisees are rebuking the Sadducees by affirming that spirits and angels do exist and can speak to people. Alternate translation: "Maybe a spirit or an angel has spoken with him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Paul would be torn to pieces by them** - "they would cause him great physical harm" -* **take him by force** - "use physical force to take Paul away" -* **into the fortress** - This is a building of military strength and importance, which frequently includes housing for soldiers, or barracks (UDB). See how you translated this in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:21:34]]. +The Pharisees are rebuking the Sadducees by affirming that spirits and angels do exist and can speak to people. AT: "Maybe a spirit or an angel has spoken with him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# When there arose a great argument + +The words "a great argument" can be re-stated as "argue violently." AT: "When they began to argue violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# chief captain + +a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers + +# Paul would be torn to pieces by them + +This can be stated in active form. The phrase "be torn to pieces" might be an exaggeration of how the people might harm Paul. AT: "they might tear Paul to pieces" or "they would cause Paul great physical harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# take him by force + +"use physical force to take him away" + +# into the fortress + +This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/11.md b/act/23/11.md index 8eb4961f97..dc863dc736 100644 --- a/act/23/11.md +++ b/act/23/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The following night -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This means the night after the day Paul went before the council. AT: "That night" -## translationNotes +# bear witness in Rome -* **bear witness** - Possible meanings are-1) "to speak" or "give forth" one's personal testimony about salvation or 2) to speak the message of salvation. +The words "about me" are understood. AT: "bear witness about me in Rome" or "testify about me in Rome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/12.md b/act/23/12.md index 6738f17f7c..e9a83d311c 100644 --- a/act/23/12.md +++ b/act/23/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +While Paul was in the prison at the fortress, the disbelieving religious Jews vow to kill him. -## translationNotes +# formed a conspiracy -* **made a pact** - "formally agreed to do something" -* **forty men** - 40 men (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"organized a group with a shared purpose" here, to kill Paul. + +# called a curse down upon themselves with an oath + +The noun "curse" can be translated as a verb. It can also be made explicit what would cause them to be cursed. AT: "asked God to curse them if they did not do what they promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# forty men + +"40 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who formed this conspiracy + +"who made this plan" or "who planned to kill Paul" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/14.md b/act/23/14.md index ca6de1ab25..5dc108f3bf 100644 --- a/act/23/14.md +++ b/act/23/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Here the word "They" refers to the forty Jews in [Acts 23:13](./12.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **They went** - "the forty Jews went." -* **bring him down to you** - "bring Paul from the fortress to meet you members of the Council here in the temple" +Here "you" is plural and refers to the chief priests and elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# General Information: + +Both "us" and "we" refer to the forty Jews who planned to kill Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# We have put ourselves under a great curse, to eat nothing until we have killed Paul + +To make a vow and to ask God to curse them if they do not fulfill their vow is spoken of as if the curse were an object that they carry on their shoulders. AT: "We have sworn to eat nothing until we have killed Paul. We asked God to curse us if we do not do what we promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# therefore + +This word marks a statement that is said because of what was said previously. In this case, the Jews had told the council about their pact. + +# bring him down to you + +"bring Paul from the fortress to meet with you" + +# as if you would decide his case more precisely + +"as though you want to learn more about what Paul has done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/16.md b/act/23/16.md index 83e6dffbc0..e69783316a 100644 --- a/act/23/16.md +++ b/act/23/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Here the word "he" refers to Paul's nephew. The word "him" refers to the chief captain. -## translationNotes +# they were lying in wait -* **they were lying in wait** - The men, who made a promise to kill Paul, were ready to ambush him. -* **he has something to tell him** - The young man has something to tell the chief captain. -* **the fortress** - See how you translated this in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:21:34]]. +"they were ready to ambush Paul" or "they were waiting to kill Paul" + +# the fortress + +This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/18.md b/act/23/18.md index 8a0143dd6c..25b67e27da 100644 --- a/act/23/18.md +++ b/act/23/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Paul the prisoner called me to him -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +"Paul the prisoner asked me to come talk with him" -## translationNotes +# this young man ... chief captain took him by the hand -* **Paul the prisoner called me to him** - "Paul the prisoner asked me to come and talk with him" -* **this young man** - Since the chief captain took the young man by the hand suggests that Paul's nephew is younger than older. Possibly 12 to 15 years old. +Since the chief captain took the young man by the hand and calls him a young man, this suggests Paul's nephew may have been 12 to 15 years old. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/20.md b/act/23/20.md index 2bbdaf2329..efde5aae82 100644 --- a/act/23/20.md +++ b/act/23/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The Jews have agreed -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +This does not mean all Jews, but all of the group that was there. AT: "Some of the Jews have agreed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# to bring down Paul -* **forty men** - "40 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **lying in wait for him** - "ready to ambush Paul" +"to bring Paul down from the fortress" + +# they were going to ask more precisely about his case + +"they want to learn more about what Paul has done" + +# forty men + +"40 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# lying in wait for him + +"ready to ambush Paul" or "ready to kill Paul" + +# They have called a curse down on themselves, neither to eat nor to drink until they have killed him + +"They have sworn to eat or drink nothing until they have killed Paul. And they asked God to curse them if they do not do what they promised to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/22.md b/act/23/22.md index 08fca42f6c..646faad8bb 100644 --- a/act/23/22.md +++ b/act/23/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Here the word "he" refers the chief captain. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **two of the centurions** - 2 of the centurions (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **seventy horsemen** - 70 horsemen (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **two hundred spearmen** - 200 soldiers that are armed with spears. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **third hour of the night** - This was about 9:00 p.m. at night. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **Felix the governor** - Felix is the roman governor of the area who resides at Caesarea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Felix, who resided at Caesarea, was the roman governor of the area. + +# he called to him + +"he called to himself" + +# two of the centurions + +"2 of the centurions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy horsemen + +"70 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two hundred spearmen + +"200 soldiers that are armed with spears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# third hour of the night + +This was about 9:00 p.m. at night. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/25.md b/act/23/25.md index e47306bb03..f5cc53f268 100644 --- a/act/23/25.md +++ b/act/23/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:citizen]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] +The chief captain writes a letter to Governor Felix about the arrest of Paul. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **governor Felix** - Felix was the roman governor over the whole region. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **was about to be killed** - The Jews were ready to kill Paul. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **came upon** - "found" or "arrived at the place where they were" +Claudius Lysias is the name of the chief captain. Governor Felix was the Roman governor over the whole region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Claudius Lysias to the most excellent Governor Felix, greetings + +This is a formal introduction to the letter. The chief captain begins by referring to himself. You can translate it in the first person. The words "am writing" are understood. AT: "I, Claudius Lysias, am writing to you, the most excellent Governor Felix. Greetings to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to the most excellent Governor Felix + +"to Governor Felix who deserves greatest honors" + +# This man was arrested by the Jews + +Here "Jews" means "some of the Jews." This can be stated in active form. AT: "Some of the Jews arrested this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was about to be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they were ready to kill Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I came upon them with soldiers + +"I with my soldiers arrived at the place where Paul and these Jews were" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/28.md b/act/23/28.md index fdce3d0e30..706a3fccf2 100644 --- a/act/23/28.md +++ b/act/23/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:law]] +The chief captain ends his letter to Governor Felix. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The letter from commander Claudius continues. -* **I wanted to know** - The word "I" refers to Claudius Lysias -* **they accused him** - "the Jews accused Paul" -* **then it was made known** - "Later it was made known" +Here the word "I" refers to Claudius Lysias, the chief captain. + +# General Information: + +The word "they" refers to the group of Jews who accused Paul. + +# General Information: + +The word "you" is singular and refers to Governor Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# that he was being accused about questions concerning + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that they were accusing him of questions about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but that there was no accusation against him that deserved death or imprisonment + +The abstract nouns "accusation," "death," and "imprisonment" can be stated as verbs. AT: "but nobody accused him of anything that should cause Roman authorities to kill him or to send him to prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then it was made known to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Later I learned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/31.md b/act/23/31.md index 85c050878a..12e5964771 100644 --- a/act/23/31.md +++ b/act/23/31.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +This ends Paul's time under arrest in Jerusalem and begins his time of arrest in Caesarea with Governor Felix. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Antipatris** - It is a city built by Herod in honor of his father, Antipater. It stood at a site located today in central Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Antipatris was a city built by Herod in honor of his father, Antipater. It stood at a site located today in central Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# General Information: + +Here the first word "him" refers to Paul; the second use of the word "him" refers to Governor Felix. + +# So the soldiers obeyed their orders + +The word "so" marks an event that happened because of something else that happened previously. In this case, the previous event is the chief captain's commanding the soldiers to escort Paul. + +# They took Paul and brought him by night + +Here "brought" can be translated as "took." AT: "They got Paul and took him at night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/34.md b/act/23/34.md index 8bf9524d97..c8c6ed6aed 100644 --- a/act/23/34.md +++ b/act/23/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:cilicia]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] +Here the first and second words "he" refer to Governor Felix, the third word "he" and the word "him" refer to Paul, and the last word "he" refers to Governor Felix. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **when he learned that he was from Cilicia** - "when the governor learned that Paul was from Cilicia" -* **commanded him to be kept ** - "commanded soldiers to keep Paul" or "commanded soldiers to restrain Paul" +The words "you" and your" refer to Paul. + +# he asked what province Paul was from + +This can be stated as a direct quotation. AT: "he asked Paul, 'What province are you from?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# When he learned that he was from Cilicia, he said + +This can be stated as a direct quotation. AT: "Paul said, 'I am from Cilicia.' Then the governor said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I will hear you fully + +"I will listen to all you have to say" + +# he commanded him to be kept + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he commanded soldiers to keep him" or "commanded soldiers to restrain him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/intro.md b/act/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..61c3c13968 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Acts 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 23:5-9, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Whitewashed" ##### +This is a common metaphor in Scripture for those who appear righteous but are not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +##### Resurrection of the dead ##### +The Pharisees believed that, after death, people would be risen from the dead for punishment or reward. The Sadducees did not share this belief. They only trusted in the physical world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/raise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Called a curse" ##### +Some Jews made a promise to God that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul, and asked God to curse them if they did not follow their promise. This is not something that would have pleased God, and they were clearly wrong for doing this. It is ironic that they used a holy vow in such an unholy way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unholy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Roman citizenship ##### + +Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. This "chief captain" could have gotten intotrouble for treating a Roman citizen in this way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 23:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/01.md b/act/24/01.md index 3596d868c5..515fb10220 100644 --- a/act/24/01.md +++ b/act/24/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +Paul is on trial in Caesarea. Tertullus presents Governor Felix with the charges against Paul. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **after five days - ** - ** Five days after the Roman soldiers took Paul to Caesarea. -* **Ananias the chief priest** - See how you translated Ananias in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:23:01]]. -* **went there** - "went to Caesarea where Paul was." -* **an orator** - "one who speaks in court." Alternate translation "a lawyer" or one who speaks to accuse another" -* **named Tertullus** - a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **When Paul stood before the governor** - "When Paul was in the presence of the governor who was the judge in the court" -* **began to accuse him** - "began to speak against him" or "began to bring violations of Roman law against him" -* **Because of you** - The word "you" refers to the governor. -* **we have great peace** - "The people that you govern have great peace" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **excellent Felix** - See how you translated Felix in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:23:25]]. +Here the word "you" refers to Felix, the governor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# General Information: + +Here "we" refers to the citizens under Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# After five days + +"five days after the Roman soldiers took Paul to Caesarea" + +# Ananias + +This is the name of a man. This is not the same Ananias as in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md) nor the same Ananias as in [Acts 9:10](../09/10.md). See how you translated this in [Acts 23:1](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# an orator + +"a lawyer." Tertullus was an expert in Roman law who was there to accuse Paul in court. + +# Tertullus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# went there + +"went to Caesarea where Paul was" + +# before the governor + +"in the presence of the governor who was judge in the court" + +# brought charges against Paul + +"began to argue the case before the governor that Paul had broken the law." + +# we have great peace + +Here "we" refers to the citizens under Felix. AT: "we, the people that you govern, have great peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# and your foresight brings good reform to our nation + +"and your planning has greatly improved our nation" + +# most excellent Felix + +"Governor Felix who deserves greatest honor" Felix was the roman governor over the whole region. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 23:25](../23/25.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/04.md b/act/24/04.md index c0a278e1b4..7efa39d804 100644 --- a/act/24/04.md +++ b/act/24/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jew]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The word "we" refers to Ananias, certain elders, and Tertullus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# So that I detain you no more -* Tertullus continues to speak to governor Felix. -* **so that I detain you no more** - Possible meanings are 1) so that I will not take up too much of your time (UDB) or 2) "so that I will not tire you" -* **briefly listen** - "listen to my short speech" -* **we have found this man** - "we observed Paul" or "we discovered that Paul" The word "we" refers to Ananias, certain elders and Tertullus (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **all the Jews throughout the world** - "Many Jews throughout the world" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **tried to desecrate the temple** - "tried to religiously dishonor the temple" -* **verses 6b-8a ** - 8a **- There is a variant reading in some ancient manuscripts. "[6b] And we wanted to judge him according to our own Law. [7] But the commander Lysias came, and with great violence took him out of our hands. [8b] He then ordered his accusers to come and appear before you." [See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_textvariants]]] +Possible meanings are 1) "so that I will not take up too much of your time" or 2) "so that I will not tire you" + +# briefly listen to me with kindness + +"kindly listen to my short speech" + +# this man to be a pest + +This speaks of Paul as if he were a plague that spreads from one person to another. AT: "this man to be a trouble maker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the Jews throughout the world + +The word "all" here is probably an exaggeration used to strengthen their accusation against Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# He is a leader of the Nazarene sect + +The phrase "Nazarene sect" is another name for the Christians. AT: "He also leads the entire group whom people call the followers of the Nazarene" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sect + +This is a smaller group of people within a larger group group. Tertullus considers the Christians to be a small group within Judaism. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/07.md b/act/24/07.md index b936111450..896807b42c 100644 --- a/act/24/07.md +++ b/act/24/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Tertullus finishes presenting the charges against Paul before Governor Felix. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Tertullus continues to speak to governor Felix. -* **when Lysias** - See how you translated Lysias in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:23:25]]. -* **he forced Paul out of our hands** - "The soldiers of Lusias forced Paul out of our custody." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) "Forced" has the sense of using violent or strong force. -* **When you question Paul** - "When you interrogate Paul" or "question as in a court trial" -* **we accuse him of** - "accuse Paul of doing" or "accuse Paul of being guilty of doing" +Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Governor Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to learn about these charges we are bringing against him + +"to learn whether or not these charges that we bring against him are true" or "to learn whether or not he is guilty of the things we accuse him of" + +# The Jews + +This refers to the Jewish leaders who were there at Paul's trial. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/10.md b/act/24/10.md index 93731bf162..7d2da36355 100644 --- a/act/24/10.md +++ b/act/24/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Paul responds to Governor Felix about the charges brought against him. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **the governor motioned** - "the governor gestured" -* **explain myself** - "explain my situation" -* **You are able to verify** - "You will be able to prove" -* ** twelve days since** - "12 days since" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **I did not stir up** - "I did not disturb" or "I did not provoke" -* **the accusations** - "the blames for wrongdoings" or 'the charges for crimes" +Here the word "they" refers to the Jews who were accusing Paul. + +# the governor motioned + +"the governor gestured" + +# a judge to this nation + +Here "nation" refers to the people of the Jewish nation. AT: "a judge for the people of the Jewish nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# explain myself + +"explain my situation" + +# twelve days since + +"12 days since" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# I did not stir up a crowd + +"Stir up" is a metaphor for agitating people into unrest, just as stirring a liquid agitates it. AT: "I did not provoke the crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the accusations + +"the blames for wrongdoings" or "the charges for crimes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/14.md b/act/24/14.md index c391a486d3..1f4ccabdf6 100644 --- a/act/24/14.md +++ b/act/24/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# I admit this to you -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"I acknowledge this to you" or "I confess this to you" -## translationNotes +# that according to the Way -* Paul continues his defense to Governor Felix. -* **I admit this to you** - "I acknowledge this to you" or "I confess this to you" -* **they call as sect** - "they call as heresy" -* **"God of our forefathers"** - This means that Paul claims to follow an ancient religion, which by definition is not a new, disreputable "sect." -* **the righteous ones** - "the righteous people" -* **I work to have** - "I exercise to have" or "I practice to have" -* **before God** - "in the presence of God" +The phrase "the Way" was a title used for Christianity during Paul's time. + +# they call a sect + +This is a smaller group of people within a larger group group. Tertullus considers the Christians to be a small group within Judaism. See how you translated "sect" in [Acts 24:5](./04.md). + +# in that same way I serve the God of our fathers + +Paul uses the phrase "in that same way" to mean that he, as a believer in Jesus, serves God the same way as their Jewish ancestors did. He is not leading a "sect" or teaching something new that is opposed to their ancient religion. + +# as these men + +"as these men have." Here "these men" refers to the Jews who are accusing Paul in court. + +# that there will be a resurrection of both the righteous and the wicked + +The abstract noun "resurrection" can be stated with the verb "resurrect." AT: "that God will resurrect all who have died, both the righteous and the unrighteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the righteous and the wicked + +These nominal adjectives refer to righteous people and wicked people. AT "righteous people and wicked people" or "those who have done what is right and those who have done what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I always strive + +"I always work hard" or "I do my best" + +# to have a clear conscience before God + +Here "conscience" refers to a person's inner morality that chooses between right and wrong. AT: "to be blameless" or "to always do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before God + +"in the presence of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/17.md b/act/24/17.md index ec26d53ba0..d05eda38d9 100644 --- a/act/24/17.md +++ b/act/24/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This word marks a shift in Paul's argument. Here he explains the situation in Jerusalem when some of the Jews arrested him. -## translationNotes +# after many years -* Paul continues his defense to Governor Felix. -* **help to my nation and gifts of money.** - "help that consisted in gifts of money." -* **not with a crowd** - "not with a crowd that I had gathered together to do wrong" -* **These men** - "the Jews from Asia" -* **if they have anything** - "if they have anything to say" +"after many years away from Jerusalem" + +# I came to bring help to my nation and gifts of money + +Here "I came" can be translated as "I went." AT: "I went to help my people by bringing them money as a gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# in a purification ceremony in the temple + +"in the temple after I had finished a ceremony to purify myself" + +# not with a crowd or an uproar + +This can be stated as a separate new sentence. AT: "I had not gathered a crowd nor was I trying to start a riot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# These men + +"The Jews from Asia" + +# if they have anything + +"if they have anything to say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/20.md b/act/24/20.md index 94830608b7..9dfe083a2e 100644 --- a/act/24/20.md +++ b/act/24/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +Paul finishes responding to Governor Felix about the charges brought against him. -## translationNotes +# these same men -* Paul continues his defense to Governor Felix. -* **these same men** - The members of the Council who were present in Caesarea at the hearing of Paul. +This refers to the members of the council who were present in Jerusalem at Paul's trial. + +# should say what wrong they found in me + +"should say the wrong thing I did that they were able to prove" + +# It is about the resurrection of the dead + +The abstract noun "resurrection" can be stated as "God brings back to life." The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as "those who died." AT: "It is because I believe that God will bring back to life those who have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I am on trial before you today + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are judging me today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/22.md b/act/24/22.md index 6567209978..585eed119e 100644 --- a/act/24/22.md +++ b/act/24/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Felix is the Roman governor of the area who resides at Caesarea. See how you translated this name in [Acts 23:24](../23/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the Way -* **Whenever Lysias comes down** - "when Lysias comes down" or "at the time Lysias comes down" -* **I will decide your case** - "I will make a decision concerning these accusations against you" or "I will judge whether you are guilty" -* **have Leniency** - This is to grant Paul some freedom not otherwise granted to prisoners. +This is a title for Christianity. See how you translated this in [Acts 9:2](../09/01.md). + +# When Lysias the commander comes down + +"when Lysias the commander comes down" or "at the time Lysias the commander comes down" + +# Lysias + +This is the name of the chief captain. See how you translated this name in [Acts 23:26](../23/25.md). + +# comes down from Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was higher than Caesarea so it was normal for them to speak of coming down from Jerusalem. + +# I will decide your case + +"I will make a decision concerning these accusations against you" or "I will judge whether you are guilty" + +# have some freedom + +"grant Paul some freedom not otherwise granted to prisoners" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/24.md b/act/24/24.md index 1177bbb811..a763efcae2 100644 --- a/act/24/24.md +++ b/act/24/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# After some days -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:selfcontrol]] +"After several days" -## translationNotes +# Drusilla his wife -* **After some days** - "after several days" -* **Felix returned** - See how Felix was translated in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:23:22]] -* **Druscilla his wife** - Drusilla is a woman's name. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Felix became fearful** - Felix may have felt conviction of his sins. -* **for the present ** - "for the present time" or "until later" +Drusilla is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a Jewess + +This means a female Jew. AT: "who was a Jew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Felix became frightened + +Felix may have felt conviction of his sins. + +# for now + +"for the present time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/26.md b/act/24/26.md index 5150313ed0..0fbc3cefbe 100644 --- a/act/24/26.md +++ b/act/24/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Paul would give money to him -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Felix was hoping Paul would offer him a bribe to set him free. -## translationNotes +# so he often sent for him and spoke with him -* **Paul would give money to him** - "Paul would give money to Felix." Felix was hoping Paul would offer him a bribe to set him free. -* ** so he often sent for him and spoke with him** - "so Felix often sent for Paul and spoke with Paul" -* ** Porcius Festus** - The new roman Governor who replaced Felix. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"so Felix often sent for Paul and spoke with Paul" + +# Porcius Festus + +This was the new roman Governor who replaced Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# wanted to gain favor with the Jews + +Here "the Jews" refers to the Jewish leaders. AT: "wanted the Jewish leaders to like him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he left Paul to continue under guard + +"he left Paul in prison" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/intro.md b/act/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c8ed0aa665 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Acts 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter functions as a type of legal defense of Paul's actions. He lays out the facts and refutes the charges brought against him. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Respect ##### +The Jewish leaders showed great respect to the Gentile leaders but show no respect to Paul, a Jewish leader. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Governmental leaders ##### +This narrative contains many different government officials with different levels of power or influence over the charges brought against Paul. Translating the various titles will be difficult to correspond to the translators's cultural background. + +##### Implicit knowledge ##### +The statement, "Go away for the present, but when I have time again, I will call you" implies the governor was too busy to make a decision about the case against Paul. The reader should understand that this is a weak excuse. The author explains that the governor hoped Paul was wealthy and could bribe his way out of prison. It took the governor two years to decide the outcome of the charges against Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/01.md b/act/25/01.md index 0588fe9d61..7aac82d98b 100644 --- a/act/25/01.md +++ b/act/25/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jew]] -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +Paul continues to be a prisoner in Caesarea. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Festus entered the province** - Possible meanings: 1) "Festus simply arrived in the area" or 2) "Festus arrived in the area to begin his rule." (UDB) -* **he went from Caesarea up to Jerusalem** - Possible meanings are 1) "going up refers to the importance of Jerusalem" or 2) "He went up to a higher elevation since jerusalem is located on a hill." -* **brought accusations against Paul** - This is a formal presentation of charges in court. Alternate translation: "accused Paul of violating laws," -* **they spoke strongly to Festus** - "they were begging Festus" or "they begged Festus" -* ** that he might call him...so that they could kill him ** - "That Festus might call Paul...so that the Jews could kill Paul" -* **might call him ** - "might send him" -* **they could kill him along the way** - They were going to ambush Paul to kill him on the way. +Festus becomes the governor of Caesarea. See how you translated this name in [Acts 24:27](../24/26.md). + +# Now + +This word marks the beginning of a new event in the story. + +# Festus entered the province + +Possible meanings are 1) Festus arrived in the area to begin his rule or 2) Festus simply arrived in the area. + +# he went from Caesarea up to Jerusalem + +The phrase "went up" is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Caesarea. + +# The chief priest and the prominent Jews brought accusations against Paul + +This speaks about accusations as if they were an object that a person could bring to someone else. AT: "The chief priest and the important Jews accused Paul to Festus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they urged him and asked him for a favor + +Here the word "him" refers to Festus. + +# that Festus might summon Paul to Jerusalem + +This means that Festus would order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem. AT: "that he might order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem" + +# so that they could kill him along the way + +They were going to ambush Paul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/04.md b/act/25/04.md index d4a92eb306..1eaf9ab01f 100644 --- a/act/25/04.md +++ b/act/25/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Here the word "us" refers to Festus and the Romans traveling with him, but not to his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# But Festus answered that Paul was a prisoner in Caesarea, and that he himself was soon to return there -* **that Paul was a prisoner in Caesarea** - This is an indirect speech quote. Alternated translation: "Paul is a prisoner in Caesarea, and I myself will soon return there." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **if there is something wrong with the man** - "if Paul has done something wrong" -* **you should accuse him** - "you shoud bring charges" or "you should accuse him of violating laws" +This can be stated as a direct quotation. AT: "But Festus said, 'Paul is a prisoner in Caesarea, and I myself will soon return there'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# "Therefore, those who can," he said, "should go there with us + +The phrase "he said" can be moved to the beginning of the sentence. AT: "Then he said, 'Therefore, those who are able to go to Caesarea should go there with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) + +# If there is something wrong with the man + +"If Paul has done something wrong" + +# you should accuse him + +"you should accuse him of violating laws" or "you should bring charges against him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/06.md b/act/25/06.md index 9825832c12..449a6a60e6 100644 --- a/act/25/06.md +++ b/act/25/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Here the first three times the word "he" is used as well as the word "him," the words refer to Festus. The fourth word "he" refers to Paul. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **After he stayed** - "After Festus stayed" -* **sat in the judgment seat** - "sat upon the seat where he acted as judge" -* **Paul to be brought to him** - "that they bring Paul to him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **When he arrived** - "When Paul came and stood before Festus" -* **the name of the Jews** - "the law of the Jews" (UDB) -* **not against the temple** - This means he did not break any rules about who could enter the Jerusalem Temple (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "they" refers to the Jews who came from Jerusalem. + +# down to Caesarea + +Jerusalem is higher geographically than Caesarea. It was common to speak of coming down from Jerusalem. + +# sat in the judgment seat + +Here "judgment seat" refers to Festus' ruling as judge over Paul's trial. AT: "sat upon the seat where he acted as judge" or "he sat down as judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Paul to be brought to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his soldiers bring Paul to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When he arrived + +"When he came and stood before Festus" + +# they brought many serious charges + +Charging a person with a crime is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could bring to court. AT: "they spoke against Paul many serious things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# against the temple + +Paul says he did not break any rules about who could enter the Jerusalem temple. AT: "against the entry rules of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/09.md b/act/25/09.md index 1263201e97..7bf90927ce 100644 --- a/act/25/09.md +++ b/act/25/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Caesar]] -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:Jew]] -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +Paul asks to be taken before Caesar for judgment. -## translationNotes +# wanted to gain the favor of the Jews -* **wanted to gain the favor of the Jews** - "wanted to please the Jews" -* **and to be judged by me about these things there** - "where I will judge you with regard to these charges?" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Where I must be judged** - "which is the place where you should judge me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "the Jews" means the Jewish leaders. AT: "wanted to please the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to go up to Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was higher geographically than Caesarea. It was common to speak of going up to Jerusalem. + +# and to be judged by me about these things there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where I will judge you with regard to these charges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I stand before the judgment seat of Caesar where I must be judged + +The "judgment seat" refers to Caesar's authority to judge Paul. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I ask to go before Caesar, so he can judge me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/11.md b/act/25/11.md index b66692f582..deda388d48 100644 --- a/act/25/11.md +++ b/act/25/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Though if I have done wrong ... no one may hand me over to them -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +Paul is stating a hypothetical situation. If he were guilty, he would accept the punishment, but he knows that he is not guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# if I have done what is worthy of death -* Paul continues his defense to Festus. -* **if I have done what is worthy of death** - "if I have done some wrong that deserves the death penalty" -* **if their accusations are nothing** - "if the charges against me are not true" -* **no one may hand me over to them** - Possible meanings: 1) Festus does not have the legal authority to hand Paul over to these false accusers or 2) Paul was saying that if he has done nothing wrong, the governor should not give into the request of the Jews. -* **I call upon Caesar** - "I ask that I go before Caesar to be tried" -* **Festus talked with the council** - "Festus talked with his own advisors" +"if I have done some wrong that deserves the death penalty" + +# if their accusations are nothing + +"if the charges against me are not true" + +# no one may hand me over to them + +Possible meanings are 1) Festus does not have the legal authority to hand Paul over to these false accusers or 2) Paul was saying that if he has done nothing wrong, the governor should not give into the request of the Jews. + +# I appeal to Caesar + +"I ask that I go before Caesar so he can judge me" + +# with the council + +This is not the Sanhedrin that is referred to as "council" throughout Acts. This is a political council in the Roman government. AT: "with his own government advisors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/13.md b/act/25/13.md index 991bbaa19e..38634e9bcd 100644 --- a/act/25/13.md +++ b/act/25/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jew]] -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] +Festus explains Paul's case to King Agrippa. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **King Agrippa and Bernice** - Agrippa was the current reigning king and Bernice was his sister. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names)]]) -* **to pay an official visit to Festus** - "to visit Festus concerning official matters" -* **A certain man was left behind by Felix as a prisoner** - When Felix left office, he left a man in prison. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +King Agrippa and Bernice are new people in the story. Though he ruled over only a few territories, King Agrippa is the current reigning king in Palestine. Bernice is Agrippa's sister.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Now + +This word marks the beginning of a new event in the story. + +# to pay an official visit to Festus + +"to visit Festus concerning official matters" + +# A certain man was left behind here by Felix as a prisoner + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Felix left office, he left a man in prison here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Felix + +Felix was the Roman governor of the area who resided in Caesarea. See how you translated this name in [Acts 23:24](../23/22.md). + +# before he faced his accusers + +To charge someone in court is spoken of as if it were an object that a person brings to court. AT: "spoke to me against this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they asked for a sentence of condemnation against him + +The abstract nouns "sentence" and "condemnation" can be expressed as verbs. The phrase "a sentence of condemnation" implies that they were requesting that Paul be executed. AT: "they asked me to sentence him to death" or "they asked me to condemn him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to hand over anyone + +Here "hand over" represents sending someone to people who must kill him. AT: "to hand over anyone to be killed" or "to condemn a man to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before he faced his accusers + +Here "faced his accusers" represents meeting with the people who accuse him. AT: "before he met directly with those who accused him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/17.md b/act/25/17.md index 223bd07ebe..81b6c2e477 100644 --- a/act/25/17.md +++ b/act/25/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +This word marks a statement because of what was said previously. In this case, Fetus had just said that an accused man should be able to face his accusers and make his defense. -## translationNotes +# when they came together here -* Festus continues to speak. -* **when they came together here** - "when the Jewish leaders came to meet with me here" -* **I sat in the judgment seat** - "I sat down upon the seat where I act as judge" (See: [[en:bible:notes:act:25:06]]) -* **I ordered the man to be brought in** - "I ordered the soldiers to bring Paul before me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **their own religion** - "religion" is the belief system people have toward life and the supernatural. -* **to be judged there about these things** - "where the Jewish council would decide if he were guilty of these charges" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"when the Jewish leaders came to meet with me here" + +# I sat in the judgment seat + +Here "judgment seat" refers to Festus ruling over Paul's trial as judge. AT: "I sat upon the seat to act as judge" or "I sat down as judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I ordered the man to be brought in + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I ordered the soldiers to bring Paul before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their own religion + +Here "religion" means the belief system people have toward life and the supernatural. + +# to stand trial there about these charges + +To "stand trial" is an idiom meaning to speak to a judge so the the judge can decide if a person is right or wrong. AT: "to go to trial about these charges" or "for a judge to decide if these charges against him are true or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/21.md b/act/25/21.md index 5e0563f83d..9030810ab9 100644 --- a/act/25/21.md +++ b/act/25/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Festus finishes explaining Paul's case to King Agrippa. -## translationNotes +# But when Paul appealed to be kept in custody while awaiting the decision of the emperor -* Festus continues to speak in verse 21. -* **I ordered him to be kept** - "I told the soldiers to keep him in prison" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Tomorrow you will hear him** - "I will arrange for you to listen to Paul tomorrow" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But when Paul insisted that he stay under Roman guard until the time when the emperor could decide his case" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I ordered him to be held in custody + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I ordered the soldiers to keep him in custody" or "I told the soldiers to guard him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# "Tomorrow," Festus said, "you will hear him." + +The phrase "Festus said" can be moved to the beginning of the sentence. AT: "Festus said, 'I will arrange for you to listen to Paul tomorrow.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/23.md b/act/25/23.md index fb82879f8e..2b6e35c27b 100644 --- a/act/25/23.md +++ b/act/25/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Festus again gives information about Paul's case to King Agrippa. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Agrippa and Bernice came** - See how you translated Agrippa and Bernice in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:25:13]]. -* **Paul was brought to them** - They brought Paul to appear before them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they shouted to me** - "the Jews spoke very strong to me" +Though he ruled over only a few territories, Agrippa was the current reigning king in Palestine. Bernice was his sister. See how you translated these names in [Acts 25:13](./13.md). + +# with much ceremony + +"with a great ceremony to honor them" + +# the hall + +This was a large room where people gathered for ceremonies, trials, and other events. + +# Paul was brought to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the soldiers brought Paul to appear before them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the multitude of Jews + +The word "all" is an exaggeration used to emphasize that a great number of Jews wanted Paul to die. AT: "a great number of the Jews" or "many of the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# they shouted to me + +"they spoke very strongly to me" + +# he should no longer live + +This statement is made in the negative to emphasize the positive equivalent. AT: "he should die immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/25.md b/act/25/25.md index 13cca83084..1b56037fe1 100644 --- a/act/25/25.md +++ b/act/25/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Here the first "you" is plural; the second "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# because he appealed to the emperor -* ** I have brought him to you, especially to you, King Agrippa** - "I have brought Paul to all of you, but especially to you, King Agrippa" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **so that I might have something to write** - "so that I will have something to write" or "so that I will know what I should write" -* **the charges against him.** - Possible meanings: 1) the accusations that the Jewish leaders have brought against him or 2) the charges under Roman law which apply to Paul's case. +"because he said that he wanted the emperor to judge him" + +# the emperor + +The emperor was the ruler of the Roman empire. He ruled over many countries and provinces. + +# I have brought him to you, especially to you, King Agrippa + +"I have brought Paul to all of you, but especially to you, King Agrippa." + +# so that I might have something more to write + +"so that I will have something else to write" or "so that I will know what I should write" + +# it seems unreasonable for me to send a prisoner and to not also state + +The negative words "unreasonable" and "to not" can be stated in positive form. AT: "it seems reasonable to me that if I send a prisoner then I should also state" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# the charges against him + +Possible meanings are 1) the accusations that the Jewish leaders have brought against him or 2) the charges under Roman law that apply to Paul's case. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/intro.md b/act/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..66b801c133 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Acts 25 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Favor ##### +It was highly unusual for the Jewish leaders to try to get a favor from the Roman officials. They often viewed the Gentile leaders as evil. The governor, though, wanted peace with the Jews, so he sought to gain favor with the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Roman citizenship ##### + +Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. Roman officials could have gotten into trouble for treating a Roman citizen in this way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/01.md b/act/26/01.md index e2fedfcc36..86d9fd53d1 100644 --- a/act/26/01.md +++ b/act/26/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Festus has brought Paul before King Agrippa. In verse 2, Paul gives his defense to King Agrippa. -## translationNotes +# Agrippa -* **stretched out his hand** - "raised his hand toward the crowd to get their attention" -* **made his defense** - "began to defend himself against the accusations" -* **I regard myself as happy** - Paul was happy because he considered his appearance before Agrippa to be an opportunity to speak about the Gospel. +Agrippa was the current reigning king in Palestine, though he ruled over only a few territories. See how you translated this name in [Acts 25:13](../25/13.md). + +# stretched out his hand + +"held out his hand" or "gestured with his hand" + +# made his defense + +The abstract noun "defense" can be stated as a verb. AT: "began to defend himself against those who were accusing him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I regard myself as happy + +Paul was happy because he considered his appearance before Agrippa to be an opportunity to speak about the gospel. + +# to make my case + +This phrase means to describe one's situation, so that those in court can discuss and make a decision about it. AT: "to defend myself" + +# against all the accusations of the Jews + +The abstract noun "accusations" can be stated as the verb "accuse." AT: "against all the Jews who are accusing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the Jews + +This does not mean all the Jews. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# questions + +You can make explicit what kinds of questions this means. AT: "questions about religious matters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/04.md b/act/26/04.md index 43bb288722..790de17a2e 100644 --- a/act/26/04.md +++ b/act/26/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all the Jews -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +This is a generalization. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Jews in general who knew about Paul. AT: "the Jews" or 2) this refers to Pharisees who knew Paul. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# in my own nation -* Paul continues to speak. -* **all the Jews** - Possible meanings: 1) Pharisees who grew up with Paul and knew him as a Pharisee or 2) "Paul was well known amongst the Jews due to his zeal as a pharisee and now as a believer" -* **in my nation** - Possible meanings: 1) among his own people, not necessarily in the geographical land of Israel or 2) in the land of Israel. +Possible meanings are 1) among his own people, not necessarily in the geographical land of Israel or 2) in the land of Israel. + +# the strictest party of our religion + +"a group within Judaism who live by very strict rules" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/06.md b/act/26/06.md index 58dbc61df9..d2bbcacbf2 100644 --- a/act/26/06.md +++ b/act/26/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people who were listening to Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* Paul continues to speak. -* **I stand here to be judged** - "I am here, where they are putting me on trial" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I look for the promise that God made to our fathers** - Paul hopes for the coming of the Messiah. -* **we hope to reach it** - "we hope that we will receive what God has promised" -* **Why do you think it is incredible that God will raise the dead?** - Paul says this to make Agrippa connect what Paul is saying with what Agrippa already believes about how God can resurrect dead people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This word marks a shift from Paul discussing his past to talking about himself in the present. + +# I stand here to be judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am here, where they are putting me on trial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I look for the promise that God made to our fathers + +This speaks about a promise as if it were something a person could look for and see. AT: "I am waiting expectantly for God to do what he promised our forefathers he would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For this is the promise our twelve tribes hoped to receive + +The phrase "our twelve tribes" stands for the people in those tribes. AT: "This is also what our fellow Jews in the twelve tribes were waiting for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the promise ... hoped to receive + +This speaks about a promise as if it were an object that can be received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# worshiped God night and day + +The extremes "night" and "day" mean they "worshiped God continually." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# that the Jews + +This does not mean all the Jews. AT: "that the leaders of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Why should any of you think it is unbelievable that God raises the dead? + +Paul uses a question to challenge the Jews present. They believe God can raise the dead but do not think God brought Jesus back to life. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You do not think it is beyond reason that God can bring a dead person back to life, do you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/09.md b/act/26/09.md index 6498c6c2e1..4808516a3b 100644 --- a/act/26/09.md +++ b/act/26/09.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# At one time -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now accounting how he used to persecute the saints. -## translationNotes +# against the name of Jesus -* Paul continues to speak. -* **against the name of Jesus** - "against those who followed Jesus" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I punished them often** - Possible meanings: 1) Paul punished some believers many times or 2) Paul punished many different Believers. -* **gave my vote against them** - "voted in favor of punishing them" +The word "name" here stands for Jesus himself. AT: "to stop people from believing in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when they were killed, I cast my vote against them + +The phrase "were killed" can be stated in active form. AT: "I voted in agreement with the other Jewish leaders to condemn believers to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I punished them many times + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul punished some believers many times or 2) Paul punished many different believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/12.md b/act/26/12.md index e576951416..3c77419df9 100644 --- a/act/26/12.md +++ b/act/26/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] +While talking to King Agrippa, Paul tells about when the Lord spoke with him. -## translationNotes +# While I was doing this -* Paul continues to speak. -* ** with authority and orders** - Paul had written letters from the Jewish leaders granting him authority to persecute the Jewish believers. -* **hard for you to kick a goad** - God compares Paul's resistance to God's plan to an Ox kicking against a farmer's prodding stick. See UDB. This means it is hard for Paul to escape what God has planned for him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now telling about when he saw Jesus and became his disciple. + +# While + +This word is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. In this case, Paul went to Damascus during the time when he persecuted Christians. + +# with authority and orders + +Paul had written letters from the Jewish leaders, granting him authority to persecute the Jewish believers. + +# I heard a voice speaking to me that said + +Here "voice" stands for the person speaking. AT: "I heard someone speaking to me who said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It is hard for you to kick a goad + +For Paul to resist Jesus and to persecute believers is spoken of as if he were an ox kicking at the sharp stick that a person uses to prod (or "goad") the animal. It means that Paul is only harming himself. AT: "You will only harm yourself like an ox kicking a goad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/15.md b/act/26/15.md index 51719bad12..dd6fb6adce 100644 --- a/act/26/15.md +++ b/act/26/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Paul continues giving his defense to King Agrippa. In these verses he continues quoting his conversation with the Lord. -## translationNotes +# to open their eyes -* Paul continues to speak. -* **set apart for myself** - "made my own" (UDB) or "consecrated to myself" -* **by faith in me** - This refers to the faith in God of those God set aside for himself. +Helping people to understand the truth is spoken of as if a person were literally helping someone to open his eyes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to turn them from darkness to light + +Helping someone to stop doing what is evil and to start trusting and obeying God is spoken of as if the person is literally leading someone out of a dark place into a place of light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to turn them ... from the power of Satan to God + +Helping someone to stop obeying Satan and to start obeying God is spoken of as if a person were literally turning a person and taking them from the place where Satan rules and leading him to the place where God rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they may receive from God the forgiveness of sins + +The abstract noun "forgiveness" can be stated as the verb "forgive." AT: "God may forgive their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the inheritance that I give + +The abstract noun "inheritance" may be stated as the verb "inherit." AT: "they may inherit that which I give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the inheritance + +The blessings that Jesus gives to those who believe in him are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that children receive from their father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sanctified by faith in me + +Jesus choosing some people to belong to him is spoken of as if he literally set them apart from other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by faith in me + +"because they believe in me." Here Paul finishes quoting the Lord. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/19.md b/act/26/19.md index 875102f96f..8f9e74ba0e 100644 --- a/act/26/19.md +++ b/act/26/19.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +This word marks a statement because of what was said previously. In this case, Paul had just explained what the Lord had commanded him in his vision. -## translationNotes +# I did not disobey -* Paul continues to speak. -* **I did not disobey the heavenly vision** - "I obeyed the message given in this vision that came to me from heaven." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I obeyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# the heavenly vision + +This refers to what the person in the vision told Paul. AT: "what the person from heaven told me in the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turn to God + +To start trusting God is spoken of as if a person turns to start walking toward God. AT: "trust in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# doing deeds worthy of repentance + +The abstract noun "repentance" can be stated as the verb "repented." AT: "and start doing good deeds to show they truly have repented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the Jews + +This does not mean all of the Jews. AT: "some Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/22.md b/act/26/22.md index e0982317f1..a44d99eedf 100644 --- a/act/26/22.md +++ b/act/26/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +Paul finishes giving his defense to King Agrippa. -## translationNotes +# about nothing more than what -* Paul continues to speak. -* **what the prophets** - Paul is referring to the collective writings of the old testament prophets. -* **that Christ must suffer** - "That Christ must suffer and die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **to proclaim light ** - "to proclaim the message of salvation" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "about the exact thing that" + +# what the prophets + +Paul is referring to the collective writings of the Old Testament prophets. + +# that Christ must suffer + +You can make explicit that Christ must also die. AT: "that Christ must suffer and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he would be the first from the resurrection of the dead ones to rise + +The abstract noun "resurrection" can be stated as "bringing people back to life." AT: "he would be the first person to rise from among the dead ones when God starts bringing people back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# of the dead ones + +The phrase "the dead ones" refers to the spirits of people who have died. To come back from among them means to become alive again. + +# to proclaim light + +"to proclaim the message about the light." To tell people about how God saves people is spoken of as if a person were speaking about the light. AT: "to proclaim the message about how God saves people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/24.md b/act/26/24.md index f72170be28..a27ee38b4b 100644 --- a/act/26/24.md +++ b/act/26/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul and King Agrippa continue to talk together. -## translationNotes +# you are insane -* ** you are insane** - "you are speaking nonsense" or "you are crazy" -* **sobernesss** - "seriousness" or "about a serious matter" -* ** I speak freely to him** - "I speak freely to King Agrippa" -* **has not been done in a corner** - It has been made known. Alternate Translation: "has not been done in secret". +"you are speaking nonsense" or "you are crazy" + +# your great learning makes you insane + +"you have learned so much that you are now crazy" + +# I am not insane ... but + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I am sane ... and" or "I am able to think well ... and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# most excellent Festus + +"Festus, who deserves highest honors" + +# I speak words of truth and soberness + +Here "words" stands for Paul's message. AT: "I speak a message that is true and serious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For the king ... to him ... from him + +Paul is still speaking to King Agrippa, but he is referring to him in the third person. AT: "For you ... to you ... from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I am persuaded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am sure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that none of this is hidden from him + +This can be stated in active and positive form. AT: "that he is aware of this" or "that you are aware of this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# has not been done in a corner + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has not happened in a corner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in a corner + +This means doing something in secret as if a person went and did something in the corner of a room where no one can see him. AT: "in a dark place" or "in secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/27.md b/act/26/27.md index d3eff779ba..b7730f1176 100644 --- a/act/26/27.md +++ b/act/26/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you believe the prophets, King Agrippa? -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Paul asks this question to remind Agrippa that Agrippa already believes what the prophets said about Jesus. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You already believe what the Jewish prophets said, King Agrippa." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# In a short time would you persuade me and make me a Christian? -* Paul continues to speak. -* **Do you believe the prophets?** - Paul asks this to remind Agrippa that Agrippa already believed what the Jewish prophets said. Thus Agrippa should accept what Paul is saying about Jesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **In a short time would you persuade me and make me a Christian?** - Agrippa is saying there is no way Paul could make him believe in Christ by such a short speech. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Agrippa asks this question to show Paul that he cannot convince Agrippa so easily without more proof. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Surely you do not think you can convince me so easily to believe in Jesus!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# but without these prison chains + +Here "prison chains" stands for being a prisoner. AT: "but, of course, I do no want you to be a prisoner like I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/30.md b/act/26/30.md index 94ca9e6e35..479dd97049 100644 --- a/act/26/30.md +++ b/act/26/30.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +This ends Paul's time before King Agrippa. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Then the king stood up, and the governor** - "Then King Agrippa stood up, and Governor Festus" +Bernice was the sister of King Agrippa. (See: [Acts 25:13](../25/13.md)) + +# Then the king stood up, and the governor + +"Then King Agrippa stood up, and Governor Festus" + +# the hall + +This is a large room for ceremonies, trials, and other events. + +# This man does nothing worthy of death or of bonds + +The abstract noun "death" can be stated as the verb "die." Here "bonds" stands for being in prison. AT: "This man does not deserve to die or to be in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This man could have been freed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This man could have gone free" or "I could have freed this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/intro.md b/act/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b10ad66686 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Acts 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the third account of Paul's conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul's conversion. (See: [Acts 9](../09/01.md) and [Acts 22](../22/01.md)) + +This chapter functions as a type of legal defense of Paul's actions. He lays out the facts and refutes the charges brought against him. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Light and Darkness ##### +These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "I am Jesus" ##### + +The text does not make it explicitly clear, but this is Jesus in physical form, after he was raised from the dead. He was only visible to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/raise]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/01.md b/act/27/01.md index 465b74c818..480ccf5b62 100644 --- a/act/27/01.md +++ b/act/27/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Thessalonica]] -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Paul, as a prisoner, begins his journey to Rome. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **when it was decided** - "when the governor decided" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **sail for Italy** - Italy is the name of the province Rome was in. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **we should sail** - The word "we" refers to the author, Luke, and Paul. He accompanied Paul on his journey to Rome. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* ** a centurion named Julius** - Julius is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the Augustan Regiment** - This was the name of the battalion or army name the centurion was from. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a ship from Andramyttium** - Possible meanings: 1) a ship that had come from Andramyttium or 2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Andramyttium. It was possibly located on the west coast of Modern day Turkey (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **about to sail** - "soon going to sail" or "would depart soon" -* **went to sea** - "began our journey on the sea" -* ** Aristarchus from Thessalonica** - See how you translated Aristarchus in verses [[en:bible:notes:act:19:28]] and [[en:bible:notes:act:20:04]] +The word "we" includes the author of Acts, Paul, and the others traveling with Paul, but not the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# General Information: + +Adramyttium was a city possibly located on the west coast of modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When it was decided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When the king and the governor decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sail for Italy + +Italy is the name of the province Rome was in. See how you translated "Italy" in [Acts 18:2](../18/01.md). + +# they put Paul and some other prisoners under the charge of a centurion named Julius of the Imperial Regiment + +"they put a centurion named Julius, of the Imperial Regiment, in charge of Paul and some other prisoners" + +# they put Paul and some other prisoners + +Possible meanings are that 1) "they" refers to the governor and the king or 2) "they" refers to other Roman officials. + +# a centurion named Julius + +Julius is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Imperial Regiment + +This was the name of the battalion or army from which the centurion came. Some versions translate this as "the Augustan Regiment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# We boarded a ship ... which was about to sail + +Here "ship ... which was about to sail" stands for the crew that will sail the ship. AT: "We boarded a ship ... which a crew was about to sail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a ship from Adramyttium + +Possible meanings are 1) a ship that had come from Adramyttium or 2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Adramyttium. + +# about to sail + +"soon going to sail" or "would depart soon" + +# went to sea + +"began our journey on the sea" + +# Aristarchus + +Aristarchus came from Macedonia but had been working with Paul in Ephesus. See how you translated his name in [Acts 19:29](../19/28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/03.md b/act/27/03.md index ed06facc61..892bc7df88 100644 --- a/act/27/03.md +++ b/act/27/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:cilicia]] -* [[en:tw:cyprus]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] +Here the word "we" refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Julius treated Paul kindly -* **Julius treated Paul kindly** - "Julius treated Paul with a friendly concern." See how "Julius" was translated in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:27:01]]. -* **go to his friends to receive their care** - "go to his friends to receive the care he needed" or "go to his friends to get whatever help he needed" -* **sailed around the island of Cyprus that was sheltered from the wind** - “went along the coast of Cyprus, on the side that kept the wind from blowing us the wrong way” (UDB) -* **and Pamphylia** - See how "Pamphylia" was translated in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:02:08]]. -* **came to Myra, a city of Lycia** - Myra was a city in Lycia province which is on the south western coast of modern day Turkey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a city of Lycia** - Lycia was a roman province which is on the south western coast of modern day Turkey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a ship from Alexandria** - See how "Alexandrian" was translated in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:06:08]]. -* **sail to Italy** - See how "Italy" was translated in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:27:01]]. +"Julius treated Paul with a friendly concern." See how you translated "Julius" in [Acts 27:1](./01.md). + +# go to his friends to receive their care + +The abstract noun "care" can be stated as a verb. AT: "go to his friends so they could care for him" or "go to his friends so they could help him with whatever he needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# we went to sea and sailed + +"we started sailing and went" + +# sailed under the lee of Cyprus, close to the island + +"the lee of Cyprus" is the side of that island that blocks the strong wind, so sailing vessels are not forced off their course. + +# Pamphylia + +This was a province in Asia Minor. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:10](../02/08.md). + +# we landed at Myra, a city of Lycia + +You can make explicit that they got off of the ship in Myra. AT: "came to Myra, a city of Lycia, where we got off the ship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# landed at Myra + +Myra is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a city of Lycia + +Lycia was a Roman province, located on the southwestern coast of modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# found a ship from Alexandria that was going to sail to Italy + +It is implied that a crew would sail the ship to Italy. AT: "found a ship that a crew had sailed from Alexandria and was about to sail to Italy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Alexandria + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/07.md b/act/27/07.md index ff88d7e3f2..e990b7e8e6 100644 --- a/act/27/07.md +++ b/act/27/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# When we had sailed slowly ... finally arrived with difficulty -* [[en:tw:crete]] +You can make explicit that the reason they were sailing slowly and with difficulty was because the wind was blowing against them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# near Cnidus -* **near Cnidus** - This is an ancient settlement located in modern-day Turkey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **near the city of Lasea** - "Lasea" is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Opposite Salmone** - "Salmone" is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Fair Havens** - a port near Lasea located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is an ancient settlement located in modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the wind no longer allowed us to go that way + +"we could no longer go that way because of the strong wind" + +# so we sailed along the sheltered side of Crete + +"so we sailed along the side of Crete where there was less wind" + +# opposite Salmone + +This is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# We sailed along the coast with difficulty + +You can make explicit that even though the winds were not as strong as before, they were still strong enough to make sailing difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Fair Havens + +This was a port near Lasea, located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# near the city of Lasea + +This is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/09.md b/act/27/09.md index cf1bbc6564..affb7d5189 100644 --- a/act/27/09.md +++ b/act/27/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# We had now taken much time -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Because of the direction the wind was blowing, the journey from Caesarea to Fair Havens had taken more time than planned. -## translationNotes +# We had now taken -* **We had now taken much time** - Because of the direction the wind was blowing, the journey from Caesarea to Fair Havens had taken more time than planned. -* **the time of the Jewish fast had also passed** - This fast took place on the Day of Atonement-in September/October of each year. After this time, there was a higher risk of seasonal storms. +The writer includes himself, Paul, and those who were traveling with them, but not the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# the time of the Jewish fast also had passed, and it had now become dangerous to sail + +This fast took place on the Day of Atonement, which was usually either in the last part of September or the first part of October according to Western calendars. After this time, there was a higher risk of seasonal storms. + +# I see that the voyage we are about to take will be with injury and much loss + +"if we travel now, we will suffer much injury and loss" + +# we are about to take ... our lives + +Paul includes himself and his hearers, so this is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives + +Here "loss" means destruction when referring to things and death when referring to people. + +# not only of the cargo and the ship + +Cargo is something that a person transports from one place to another by boat. AT: "not only the ship and the goods on the ship" + +# that were spoken by Paul + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Paul said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/12.md b/act/27/12.md index a00156b49a..4051238ad8 100644 --- a/act/27/12.md +++ b/act/27/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# harbor was not easy to spend the winter in -* [[en:tw:crete]] +You can make explicit why it was not easy to stay in the harbor. AT: "harbor did not sufficiently protect docked ships during winter storms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# harbor -* **harbor was not easy to spend the winter in** - “harbor did not provide sufficient protection to docked ships during winter storms” -* **city of Phoenix** - Phoenix is a city port on the coast of Create. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* ** weighed anchor ** - a sailing term for pulling the ship's anchor out of the water. An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. When in port the anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea keeping the ship from drifting about. +a place near land that is usually safe for ships + +# city of Phoenix + +Phoenix is a city port on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to spend the winter there + +This speaks about the season of winter as if it were a commodity that someone can spend. AT: "to stay there for the cold season" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it faces northeast and southeast + +Some versions say "it faces northwest and southwest." The sailors wanted to go to a place where they would be safe from the wind. + +# northeast and southeast + +These directions are based on the rising and setting sun. Northeast is a little to the left of the rising sun. Southeast is a little to the right of the rising sun. + +# weighed anchor + +Here "weighed" means to pull out of the water. An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea keeping the ship from drifting about. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/14.md b/act/27/14.md index 6a6d737808..cacef6db17 100644 --- a/act/27/14.md +++ b/act/27/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Paul and those traveling on the boat encounter a fierce storm. -## translationNotes +# after a short time -* ** tempestuous wind** - "a very strong and dangerous wind" -* **the sheltered side** - "the side protected from the wind" -* **a small island called Cauda** - This island was located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"after a little while" + +# a wind of hurricane force + +"a very strong, dangerous wind" + +# called the northeaster + +"called 'a strong wind from the northeast.'" The word for "the northeaster" in the original language is "Euroclydon." You can transliterate this word for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# began to beat down from the island + +"came in from the island of Crete, and it blew strongly against our ship" + +# When the ship was caught by the storm and could no longer head into the wind + +"When the wind blew so strongly against the front of the ship that we could not sail against it" + +# we had to give way to the storm and were driven along by the wind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we stopped trying to sail forward, and we let the wind push us whichever way it blew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We sailed along the lee of a small island + +"We sailed on the side of the island where the wind was not so strong" + +# a small island called Cauda + +This island was located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# lifeboat + +This is a smaller boat that is sometimes pulled behind the ship, and sometimes it was brought onto the ship and tied down. The smaller boat was used for various reasons, including escaping from a sinking ship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/17.md b/act/27/17.md index 3b8cb64450..ba9880d852 100644 --- a/act/27/17.md +++ b/act/27/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# they had hoisted the lifeboat up +"they had lifted up the lifeboat" or "they had pulled the lifeboat aboard the ship" -## translationNotes +# they used its ropes to bind the hull of the ship -* **they had hoisted it up** - "they had uplifted it" -* ** sandbars of Syrtis** - Sandbars are very shallow areas in the sea where ships can get stuck in the sand. "Syrtis" is located on the coast of Libya, northern Africa. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **were driven along** - “had to go in whatever direction the wind blew us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The "hull" is the body of the ship. They tied ropes around it so that the ship would not come apart during the storm. + +# sandbars of Syrtis + +Sandbars are very shallow areas in the sea where ships can get stuck in the sand. Syrtis is located on the coast of Libya, northern Africa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they lowered the sea anchor + +They put the ship's anchor in the water in order to slow down where the wind would blow them. + +# anchor + +An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea keeping the ship from drifting about. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:13](./12.md). + +# were driven along + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "had to go in whatever direction the wind blew us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We took such a violent battering by the storm + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The wind blew us roughly back and forth that all of us were badly battered and bruised by the storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they began throwing the cargo overboard + +"they" is the sailors. This is done to lighten the weight of the ship in an effort to prevent the ship from sinking. + +# cargo + +Cargo is something that a person transports from one place to another by boat. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:10](./09.md). AT: "goods on the ship." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/19.md b/act/27/19.md index 8964c821f1..8fd7f9ba9a 100644 --- a/act/27/19.md +++ b/act/27/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the sailors threw overboard the ship's equipment with their own hands -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Here "equipment" refers to the sailors' equipment needed to sail the ship: tackle, hoists, beams of wood, block and tackle, ropes, lines, sails, and the like. This indicates how desperate the situation was. -## translationNotes +# When the sun and stars did not shine on us for many days -* **hope that we should be saved was abandoned** - “everyone stopped hoping that we would survive” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +They could not see the sun and stars because of the dark storm clouds. Sailors needed to see the sun and stars in order to know where they were and what direction they were headed. + +# the great storm still beat upon us + +"the terrible storm still blew us roughly back and forth" + +# any more hope that we should be saved was abandoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone stopped hoping we would survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/21.md b/act/27/21.md index b1534cf270..07d696b790 100644 --- a/act/27/21.md +++ b/act/27/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:crete]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Paul speaks to the sailors on the ship. -## translationNotes +# When they had gone long without food -* **among the sailors** - "among the men" -* **so as to get this injury and loss** - "as a result, we are now facing injury and loss" +Here "they" refers to the sailors. It is implied that Luke, Paul, and those with them had not eaten either. AT: "When we had gone a long time without food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# among the sailors + +"among the men" + +# so as to get this injury and loss + +"and as a result suffer this harm and loss" + +# there shall be no loss of life among you + +Paul is speaking to the sailors. It is implied that Paul also means that he and those with him will not die either. AT: "none of us will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but only the loss of the ship + +Here "loss" is used in the sense of destroy. AT: "but the storm will destroy only the ship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/23.md b/act/27/23.md index 6457e70779..1362fc7609 100644 --- a/act/27/23.md +++ b/act/27/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You must stand before Caesar -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The phrase "stand before Caesar" refers to Paul's going to court and letting Caesar judge him. AT: "You must stand before Caesar so he can judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# has given to you all those who are sailing with you -* Paul continues to speak. -* **has given to you all those who are sailing with you** - "has decided to allow all those who are sailing with you to live" -* **we must wreck upon some island** - "the ship must be driven ashore on some island" +"has decided to allow all those who are sailing with you to live" + +# just as it was told to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as the angel told me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we must run aground upon some island + +"we must steer our boat so that it wrecks on some island" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/27.md b/act/27/27.md index 99e0c3ffd0..df66b87fd7 100644 --- a/act/27/27.md +++ b/act/27/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +The fierce storm continues. -## translationNotes +# When the fourteenth night had come -* **the Adriatic Sea** - The sea between Italy and Greece. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They took soundings** - They measured the depth of the sea water. (UDB) -* **found twenty fathoms** - "found 20 fathoms" or "found 40 meters." This is a unit of measurement. (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **found fifteen fathoms** - "found 15 fathoms" or "found 30 meters" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **from the stern** - "from the back of the ship" +The ordinal number "fourteenth" can be translated as "fourteen" or "14." AT: "After 14 days since the storm started, that night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as we were driven this way and that + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as the wind blew us back and forth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Adriatic Sea + +This is the sea between Italy and Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They took soundings + +"They measured the depth of the sea water." They measured the depth of water by dropping a line with a weight tied to the end of it into the water. + +# found twenty fathoms + +"found 20 fathoms." A "fathom" is a unit of measurement for measuring the depth of water. One fathom is about two meters. AT: "found 40 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# found fifteen fathoms + +"found 15 fathoms." A "fathom" is a unit of measurement for measuring the depth of water. One fathom is about two meters. AT: "found 30 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# anchors + +An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea, keeping the ship from drifting about. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:13](./12.md). + +# from the stern + +"from the back of the ship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/30.md b/act/27/30.md index b9bbd28d52..62ea18bbb3 100644 --- a/act/27/30.md +++ b/act/27/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the centurion and the Roman soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the lifeboat +This is a smaller boat that is sometimes pulled behind the ship and sometime it was brought onto the ship and tied down. The smaller boat was used for various reasons, including escaping from a sinking ship. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:16](./14.md). + +# from the bow + +"from the front of the ship" + +# Unless these men stay in the ship, you cannot be saved + +The negative words "Unless" and "cannot" can be stated in positive form. The passive phrase "be saved" can be stated in active form. AT: "These men must stay in the ship in order for you to survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/33.md b/act/27/33.md index 563e5e179f..11019d79e5 100644 --- a/act/27/33.md +++ b/act/27/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When daylight was coming on -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"When it was almost sunrise" -## translationNotes +# This day is the fourteenth day that -* **not one hair of your head will be lost** - "every one of you will survive this disaster unharmed" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **broke the bread** - "tore the bread into two or more pieces" or "tore off a piece from the loaf of bread" +The ordinal number "fourteenth" can be stated as "fourteen." AT: "For 14 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# not one of you will lose a single hair from his head + +This was a customary way of saying no harm would come upon them. AT: "every one of you will survive this disaster unharmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# broke the bread + +"tore the bread" or "tore off a piece from the loaf of bread" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/36.md b/act/27/36.md index ff743d97f3..934eff5cde 100644 --- a/act/27/36.md +++ b/act/27/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then they were all encouraged -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This encouraged all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# We were 276 people in the ship -* **two hundred seventy-six people** - six people** - "276 people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"We were two hundred and seventy-six people in the ship." This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/39.md b/act/27/39.md index d0c513e1e7..40585e7bdf 100644 --- a/act/27/39.md +++ b/act/27/39.md @@ -1,8 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# bay +a large area of water partly surrounded by land -## translationNotes +# did not recognize the land -* **did not recognize the land** - "saw land but could not recognize it as any place they knew" -* **cut loose the anchors and left them in the sea** - "cut the ropes and left the anchors behind" -* **headed to the beach** - "steered the ship toward the beach" +"saw land but could not recognize it as any place they knew" + +# cut loose the anchors and left them + +"cut the ropes and left the anchors behind" + +# rudders + +large oars or pieces of wood at the back of the ship used for steering + +# the foresail + +"the sail at the front of the ship." The sail was a large piece of cloth that catches the wind to move the ship. + +# they headed to the beach + +"they steered the ship toward the beach" + +# they came to a place where two currents met + +A current is water flowing in one continuous direction. Sometimes more than one water current can flow across another. This may cause the sand under the water to pile up making the water more shallow. + +# The bow of the ship + +"The front of the ship" + +# the stern + +"the back of the ship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/42.md b/act/27/42.md index cd711a897f..50f640fdd3 100644 --- a/act/27/42.md +++ b/act/27/42.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The soldiers' plan was -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +"The soldiers were planning" -## translationNotes +# so he stopped their plan -* **The soldiers' plan was** - "the soldiers were planning" -* **jump overboard** - "jump off the ship into the water" +"so he stopped them from doing what they planned to do" + +# jump overboard + +"jump off the ship into the water" + +# some on planks + +"some on wooden boards" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/intro.md b/act/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ca4cb59481 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Acts 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sailing ##### +In the ancient Near East, people traveled by boat powered by the wind. During different seasons, it was impossible to travel because the seas were too rough or the wind was blowing in the wrong direction. + +##### Trust ##### +This chapter involves the concept of trust. Paul's trust of God was very great. In turn, he told the sailers and soldiers to trust that God would preserve them along with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Bread ##### +The author uses the imagery of bread in this chapter. Bread's significance can be traced back to the daily provision God provided to Israel in the desert for 40 years and the events of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/01.md b/act/28/01.md index ca74f02247..80b6e37b73 100644 --- a/act/28/01.md +++ b/act/28/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +After the shipwreck, people on the island of Malta helped Paul and everyone on the ship. They stay there for 3 months. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **we learned** - "we learned from the people" or "we found out from the residents." The word "we" refers to Paul and Luke, the author of Acts, who traveled with Paul on this journey. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **the island was called Malta** - "Malta" is an island located south of modern day island of Sicily. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **native people** - The word for "native people" refers to people who do not speak Greek or adopt Greek culture. -* **not just ordinary kindness** - "a great deal of kindness" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **they lit a fire** - "they put together twigs and branches and burned them" -* **welcomed us all** - Possible meanings are 1) "welcomed all of the people from the ship" or 2) "welcomed Paul and all his companions." +Here the word "we" refers to Paul, the writer, and those who traveled with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# When we were brought safely through + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When we arrived safely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we learned + +Paul and Luke learned the name of the island. AT: "we learned from the people" or "we found out from the residents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# the island was called Malta + +Malta is an island located south of the modern-day island of Sicily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The native people + +"The local people" + +# offered to us not just ordinary kindness + +Being kind to someone is spoken of as if it were an object that someone offers. AT: "were not only very kind to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not just ordinary kindness + +This phrase is used to emphasize the opposite of what is said. AT: "a great deal of kindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# they lit a fire + +"they put together twigs and branches and burned them" + +# welcomed us all + +Possible meanings are 1) "welcomed all of the people from the ship" or 2) "welcomed Paul and all his companions." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/03.md b/act/28/03.md index a922b835b4..3b4cde314a 100644 --- a/act/28/03.md +++ b/act/28/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a viper came out -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] +"a poisonous snake came out of the bundle of sticks" -## translationNotes +# fastened onto his hand -* **a viper came out** - "a poisonous snake came out of the bundle of sticks" -* **fastened on his hands** - "bit Paul's hand and did not let go" -* **This man certainly is a murderer** - "For sure, this man is a murderer" or "This man is truly a murderer" -* **yet justice will not permit him to live** - "the goddess called Justice will not allow him to escape death" +"bit Paul's hand and did not let go" + +# This man certainly is a murderer + +"For sure, this man is a murderer" or "This man is truly a murderer" + +# yet justice + +The word "justice" refers to the name of a god that they worshiped. AT: "the god called Justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/05.md b/act/28/05.md index 47321b1799..5b9e2556b7 100644 --- a/act/28/05.md +++ b/act/28/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# shook the animal into the fire -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +"shook his hand so that the snake fell from his hand into the fire" -## translationNotes +# suffered no harm -* **shook the animal into the fire** - "shook his hand so that the snake fell from his hand into the fire" -* **become inflamed with fever** - Possible meanings are 1) "get a high fever" or 2) "become swollen." -* **said he was a god** - There was a belief that someone who lived after a poisonous snake bite was divine or a god. +"Paul was not hurt at all" + +# become inflamed with a fever + +Possible meanings are 1) his body would swell because of the snake venom or 2) he would become very hot with fever. + +# nothing was unusual with him + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "everything about him was as it should be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# they changed their minds + +To think differently about a situation is spoken of as if a person is changing his mind. AT: "they thought again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# said that he was a god + +This can be stated as a direct quotation. AT: "said, 'This man must be a god'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# said that he was a god + +Perhaps there was a belief that someone who lived after a poisonous snake bite was divine or a god. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/07.md b/act/28/07.md index dad6380c32..450612ea50 100644 --- a/act/28/07.md +++ b/act/28/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Paul]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Here the words "us" and we" refer to Paul, Luke, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Now in a nearby place -* **Now in a nearby place** - "Now" is used to introduce a new person or event in the recorded account' -* **chief man of the island** - Possible meanings are 1) the main leader of the people or 2) someone who was the most important person on the island perhaps because of his wealth. -* ** a man named Publius** - Publius was the chief official on the island. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **welcomed us** - "welcomed Paul and his companions" -* **kindly provided for us** - "showed hospitality with kindess to us who were strangers" -* **had been made ill** - "was ill" -* **ill with a fever and dysentery** - "dysentery is an infectious intestinal disease" -* **placed his hands on him** - "touched him with his hands" -* **and were healed** - "and he healed them too" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) (UDB) +"Now" is used to introduce a new person or event in the account. + +# chief man of the island + +Possible meanings are 1) the main leader of the people or 2) someone who was the most important person on the island, perhaps because of his wealth. + +# a man named Publius + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It happened that the father of Publius ... fever and dysentery + +This is background information about Publius' father that is important to understanding the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# had been made ill + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "was ill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ill with a fever and dysentery + +Dysentery is an infectious intestinal disease. + +# placed his hands on him + +"touched him with his hands" + +# were healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he healed them too" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# honored us with many honors + +Probably they honored Paul and those with him by giving them gifts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/11.md b/act/28/11.md index 9510f11cb3..c733028773 100644 --- a/act/28/11.md +++ b/act/28/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Paul's journey to Rome continues. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Alexandrian ship** - Possible meanings are 1) "a ship that came from Alexandria" or 2) "a ship that was registered or licensed in Alexandria." See how "Alexandrian" was translated in verse [[en:bible:notes:act:06:08]]. -* **Twin Brothers...Castor and Pollux** - This refers to Castor and Polluxa, the twin sons of Zeus, a Greek god. They were revered as protectors of ships.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **city of Syracuse** - Syracuse is a city on the southeast coast of the modern day island Sicily, just southwest of Italy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The Twin Brothers refers to Castor and Pollux, the twin sons of Zeus, a Greek god. They were thought to be protectors of ships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that had spent the winter at the island + +"that the crew left at the island for the cold season" + +# a ship of Alexandria + +Possible meanings are this refers to 1) a ship that came from Alexandria, or 2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Alexandria. + +# the twin gods + +On the bow of the ship, there was a carving of the two idols called "the twin gods." Their names were Castor and Pollux. + +# city of Syracuse + +Syracuse is a city on the southeast coast of the modern-day island of Sicily, just southwest of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/13.md b/act/28/13.md index c724ad8316..d6b2c03ee0 100644 --- a/act/28/13.md +++ b/act/28/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] +The Market of Appius and The Three Taverns was a popular market and inn on the main highway called the Appian Way, about 50 kilometers south of the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# city of Rhegium -* **city of Rhegium** - This is the port city located at the southwestern tip of Italy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **South wind sprang up** - "the wind began to blow from the south" -* **city of Puteoli** - "Puteoli" is located in modern day Naples on the west coast of Italy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **In this way we came to Rome** - "And after we stayed seven days with them, we went to Rome." Once Paul reached Puteoli, the rest of the journey to Rome was on land. -* **The Three Taverns** - This was a rest stop on the main highway called the Appian Way about 50km south of the city of Rome. +This is the port city located at the southwestern tip of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a south wind sprang up + +"the wind began to blow from the south" + +# city of Puteoli + +Puteoli is located in modern-day Naples on the west coast of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# There we found + +"There we met" + +# brothers + +These were followers of Jesus, including both men and women. AT: "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# were invited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they invited us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# In this way we came to Rome + +Once Paul reached Puteoli, the rest of the journey to Rome was on land. AT: "And after we stayed seven days with them, we went to Rome" + +# after they heard about us + +"after they heard we were coming" + +# he thanked God and took courage + +Taking courage is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could take. AT: "this encouraged him, and he thanked God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/16.md b/act/28/16.md index 3abcb93e09..156646b3f2 100644 --- a/act/28/16.md +++ b/act/28/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] +Paul arrives in Rome as a prisoner but with the freedom to stay in his own place. He calls the local Jews together to explain what has happened to him. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **When we entered Rome, Paul was allowed to** - "After we had arrived in Rome, the government gave him permission to" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **leaders of the jews** - The jewish civil or religious leaders present in Rome. -* **no reason in me for a death penalty** - "I had done nothing which deserved the punishment of death” +Here the word "we" refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# When we entered Rome, Paul was allowed to + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After we had arrived in Rome, the Roman authorities gave Paul permission to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then it came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# the leaders among the Jews + +These are the Jewish civil or religious leaders present in Rome. + +# Brothers + +Here this means "Fellow Jews." + +# against the people + +"against our people" or "against the Jews" + +# I was delivered as a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "some of the Jews arrested me in Jerusalem and placed me in the custody of the Roman authorities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into the hands of the Romans + +Here "hands" stands for power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there was no reason in me for a death penalty + +"I had done nothing to cause them to execute me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/19.md b/act/28/19.md index 4cf12d9c1b..7f6550d96a 100644 --- a/act/28/19.md +++ b/act/28/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the Jews -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +This does not mean all of the Jews. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# spoke against their desire -* Paul continues to speak. -* **the Jews spoke** - "The Jews in Jerusalem spoke" -* **against their desire** - "against the Roman leaders' desire" -* **I was forced to appeal** - "I had no alternative but to appeal" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **what Israel is confident about** - That God would send the Messiah to Israel, or that God would raise the dead to life +"complained about what the Roman authorities wanted to do" + +# I was forced to appeal to Caesar + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I had to ask for Caesar to judge me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# although it is not as if I were bringing any accusation against my nation + +The abstract noun "accusation" can be stated as the verb "accuse." Here "nation" stands for the people. AT: "but it was not because I wanted to accuse the people of my nation before Caesar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what Israel is confident about + +Possible meanings are 1) the people of Israel confidently expect the Messiah to come or 2) the people of Israel confidently expect God to bring those who have died back to life. + +# what Israel is + +Here "Israel" stands for the people. AT: "what the people of Israel are" or "what the Jews are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that I am bound with this chain + +Here "bound with this chain" stands for being a prisoner. AT: "that I am a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/21.md b/act/28/21.md index 702ca25d75..879aacea5b 100644 --- a/act/28/21.md +++ b/act/28/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] +The Jewish leaders respond to Paul. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **you think about this sect** - "you think about this self-chosen group" -* **it is spoken against everywhere** - The Jewish people who rejected the gospel message throughout the roman empire were saying bad things about the Way. It was these messages that the Roman Jews were hearing reports from. +Here the words "We," "we," and "us" refer to the Jewish leaders in Rome. (See: [Acts 28:17](./16.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# nor did any of the brothers + +Here "brothers" stands for fellow Jews. AT: "nor did any of our fellow Jews" + +# you think about this sect + +A sect is a smaller group within a larger group. Here it refers to those who believe in Jesus. AT: "you think about this group to which you belong" + +# because it is known by us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because we know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it is spoken against everywhere + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "many Jews all over the Roman Empire are saying bad things about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/23.md b/act/28/23.md index 29edb58e5b..fadc2b9187 100644 --- a/act/28/23.md +++ b/act/28/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Here the word "they" refers to the Jewish leaders in Rome. (See: [Acts 28:17](./16.md)) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **He tried to persuade them** - The word "them" refers to the Jewish leaders Paul was speaking to. -* **Some were convinced** - "Paul convinced some of them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The words "him," "his," and "He" and refer to Paul. + +# had set a day for him + +"had chosen a time for him to speak to them" + +# testified about the kingdom of God + +Here "kingdom of God" stands for God's rule as king. AT: "told them about God's rule as king" or "told them how God would show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the prophets + +Here "the prophets" refers to what they wrote. AT: "from what the prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Some were convinced about the things which were said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Paul was able to convince some of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/25.md b/act/28/25.md index ec907e6584..3237c5c8dc 100644 --- a/act/28/25.md +++ b/act/28/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +As the Jewish leaders were ready to leave, Paul quotes the Old Testament scriptures that were appropriate for this time. -## translationNotes +# General Information: +Here the word "they" refers to the Jewish leaders in Rome. (See: [Acts 28:17](./16.md)) + +# General Information: + +The word "your" refers to the people to whom Paul had been speaking. In verse 26, Paul begins to quote the prophet Isaiah. + +# after Paul had spoken this one word + +Here "word" stands for a message or statement. AT: "after Paul had said one more thing" or "after Paul had made this statement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The Holy Spirit spoke well through Isaiah the prophet to your fathers. He said, 'Go to this people and say, "By hearing you will hear, but not understand; and seeing you will see, but will not perceive + +This has quotations within quotations. You can translate one of the inner quotations as an indirect quotation as in the UDB. Or, you can translate two of the inner quotations as indirect quotations. AT: "The Holy Spirit spoke well through Isaiah the prophet to your forefathers when the Spirit told Isaiah to tell them that they will hear but will not understand; and they will see but they will not perceive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) + +# By hearing you will hear ... and seeing you will see + +The words "hear" and "see" are repeated for emphasis. "You will listen carefully ... and you will look intently" + +# but not understand ... but will not perceive + +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Jewish people will not understand God's plan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/27.md b/act/28/27.md index 4417bfbe2e..4b4dd6376f 100644 --- a/act/28/27.md +++ b/act/28/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Paul finishes quoting Isaiah the prophet. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Paul continues speaking the quote from Isaiah. +Translate Paul's quotation of Isaiah as a direct quotation or indirect quotation according to how you translated it in [Acts 28:25-26](./25.md). + +# For the heart of this people has become dull + +People who stubbornly refuse to understand what God is saying or doing are spoken of as if their heart is dull. Here "heart" stands for the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with their ears they hardly hear, and they have shut their eyes + +People who stubbornly refuse to understand what God is saying or doing are spoken of as if they are unable to hear and are shutting their eyes so that they will see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# understand with their heart + +Here "heart" stands for the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turn again + +To start obeying God is spoken of as though the person were physically turning toward God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I would heal them + +This does not mean God will only heal them physically. He will also heal them spiritually by forgiving their sins. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/28.md b/act/28/28.md index 7ee3c90915..3e104ac93e 100644 --- a/act/28/28.md +++ b/act/28/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Paul finishes speaking to the Jewish leaders in Rome. -## translationNotes +# this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles -* Paul continues to speak. -* **they will listen** - "some of them will listen" +God's message about how he saves people is spoken of as if it were an object that is sent. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is sending his messengers to the Gentiles to tell them about how he will save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will listen + +"some of them will listen." This response of the Gentiles is in contrast to the way the Jews of that time responded. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/30.md b/act/28/30.md index e7565feb27..56924ed03c 100644 --- a/act/28/30.md +++ b/act/28/30.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] +Luke ends the story of Paul in the book of Acts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# He was proclaiming the kingdom of God +Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "He was preaching about God's rule as king" or "He was preaching about how God will show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/intro.md b/act/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40bfa54842 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Acts 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms a rather abrupt ending to this historical book because it does not record the deaths of Peter, or Paul, or the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. Many scholars believe this chapter forms an ellipsis, which implies that the church is responsible for continuing the story. Other scholars believe it ends this way because Luke died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 28:26-27 to set this apart from the rest of the chapter. + +After extensive details of the events of Paul's life, this story glosses over two years in Rome without discussing what happened during this time. It is unknown why this is the case, but apparently the church did not need to learn anything from this time. + +##### "You should know that this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles, and they will listen" ##### +This statement indicates that the Gentiles will become the focus of the plans of God in this world until a time when he will once again bring Israel back to him. From this time on, the church will be increasingly composed of Gentile Christians. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Letters" ##### +The letters mentioned would have been legal papers which authorized the persecution and imprisonment of the Christians. The translator's culture may have different terms for "legal papers" or "legally binding papers," which could be useful in translation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "He was a god" ##### +Just because the people believed this to be, it does not mean it was true or that Paul did not correct them for this. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/front/intro.md b/act/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..680c7e2bfd --- /dev/null +++ b/act/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# Introduction to Acts # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Acts #### + +1. The beginning of the church and its mission (1:1–2:41) +1. The early church in Jerusalem (2:42–6:7) +1. Rising opposition and the martyrdom of Steven (6:8–7:60) +1. The persecution of the church and Philip's ministry (8:1–40) +1. Paul becomes an apostle (9:1–31) +1. The ministry of Peter and the first Gentile converts (9:32–12:24) +1. Paul, the apostle to Gentiles, the Jewish law, and council of church leaders at Jerusalem (12:25–16:5) +1. The expansion of the church into the middle Mediterranean area and Asia Minor (16:6–19:20) +1. Paul travels to Jerusalem and becomes a prisoner in Rome (19:21–28:31) + +#### What is the Book of Acts about? #### + +The Book of Acts tells the story of the growth and development of the early church. It shows the Holy Spirit guiding and helping early Christians. The book describes the growth of the church for about thirty years after Jesus' ascension into heaven. It shows the power of God and the Holy Spirit at work in the early church. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Acts of the Apostles." Translators may choose to modify this title as, for example, "The Acts of the Holy Spirit through the Apostles." + +#### Who wrote the Book of Acts? #### + +This book does not give the reader the name of the author. Since early Christian times, however, it has generally been believed that the author was Luke because he was the only person who could be included in the passages using the word "we." Luke was a medical doctor; his way of writing shows that he was an educated man. He was probably a Gentile who was friendly to Judaism, but he was probably not a convert to Judaism. Although he was not an eyewitness to the ministry of Jesus, he did see many of the events that he describes in the Book of Acts. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the Church? #### + +The Book of Acts begins a new era in the religious history of mankind. God is no longer concerned with proper worship governed by the temple in Jerusalem. Instead, he shifts his focus from the nation of Israel to the Church, which is all those who believe in Christ. The remainder of the New Testament, after the Book of Acts, will now focus on righteous living through the Holy Spirit's power. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Acts? #### + +The texts of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of more accurate manuscripts. The following passages contain the most significant issues in the Book of Acts: + +* "Philip said, 'If you believe with all your heart, you may be baptized.' The Ethiopian answered, 'I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.'" (Acts 8:37) +* "They returned from there" (Acts 12:25). Some versions read, "They returned to Jerusalem (or to there)." Manuscript evidence is uncertain, but it makes more sense to think that Saul and Barnabas returned from Jerusalem to Antioch. +* "he endured them" (Acts 13:18). Some versions read, "he cared for them." There is evidence that each reading is original, so translators must choose. The ULB and UDB have chosen the first reading. +* "This is what the Lord says, who has done these things that have been known from ancient times." (Acts 15:17-18). Some older versions read, "This is what the Lord says, to whom are known all his deeds from ancient times." +* "But it seemed good to Silas to remain there." (Acts 15:34) Some older versions have this verse, but it is not in the best ancient manuscripts. The ULB and UDB leave it out. +* "And we wanted to judge him according to our law. But Lusias, the officer, came and forcibly took him out of our hands, sending him to you." (Acts 24:6b-8a) Some older versions have this text, but the best manuscripts do not. Translators should leave it out. +* "When he had said these things, the Jews departed, having a great dispute among themselves." (Acts 28:29) It is very doubtful that this verse is original to the Book of Acts. But some older versions have it. If translators include it, they should put it in square brackets. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/01.md b/amo/01/01.md index 1c33328223..dafe860ca0 100644 --- a/amo/01/01.md +++ b/amo/01/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amos]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +God speaks through Amos using poetic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# These are the things concerning Israel that Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa, received in revelation -* **the things … that Amos … received in revelation ** - Everything that God made Amos understand through what Amos saw or heard. -* **Yahweh roars** - like 1) a lion or 2) thunder (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "These are the things concerning Israel that God revealed to Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# These are the things + +"This is the message" + +# in Tekoa + +"Tekoa" is the name of a town or village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He received these things + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave him these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and also in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel + +This is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. AT: "when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# two years before the earthquake + +The assumed knowledge is that the original hearers would be aware of when a large earthquake had affected the area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh will roar from Zion; he will raise his voice from Jerusalem + +These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that Yahweh shouts loudly as he prepares to judge the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Yahweh will roar + +The author speaks of the voice of Yahweh as if it sounded like the roar of a lion or the roar of thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/03.md b/amo/01/03.md index 9298a74ec3..19a0b6f484 100644 --- a/amo/01/03.md +++ b/amo/01/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# For three sins of ... even for four -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. -## translationNotes +# Damascus -* **For three sins ... even for four** - "For many sins ... for too many sins" or "Because ... has sinned so much, has sinned more than I can permit" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will not turn away punishment** - AT: "I will most certainly punish those people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here "Damascus" represents the people of the city of Damascus. AT: "the people of Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. AT: "I will certainly punish those people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# they threshed Gilead with instruments of iron + +Yahweh speaks of how Damascus treated Gilead as if they had threshed grain with iron tools or weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Gilead + +Here "Gilead" represents the people of the region of Gilead. AT: "the people of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will send a fire into the house of Hazael + +Here Yahweh speaks of his judgment against the house of Hazael as if it were a consuming fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Hazael + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Hazael's descendants, who were rulers of the country where Damascus was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it will devour the fortresses of Ben Hadad + +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hazael ... Ben Hadad + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/05.md b/amo/01/05.md index 7a42eeb592..0ae5190136 100644 --- a/amo/01/05.md +++ b/amo/01/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Damascus. -## translationNotes +# cut off the man -* **Biqat Aven … Beth Eden … Kir** - names of cities (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Eden** - different from the Garden of Eden -* **the man who holds the scepter** - the king or chief (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here to "cut off" means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. AT: "destroy the man" or "drive away the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Valley of Aven + +This is the name of a place that means "valley of wickedness." Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is a metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. AT: "the valley of wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the man who holds the scepter in + +This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. AT: "the ruler of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Beth Eden + +This is the name of a place that means "house of pleasure." Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is another metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. AT: "the house of pleasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kir + +This is the name of a region from which the people of Aram originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/06.md b/amo/01/06.md index 46d2578dab..7820dc95fb 100644 --- a/amo/01/06.md +++ b/amo/01/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For three sins of ... even for four -* [[en:tw:captive]] +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# Gaza -* **For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment** - See how you translated these words in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:01:03]]. +Here "Gaza" represents the people of the region of Gaza. AT: "the people of Gaza" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# hand them over to + +"deliver them up to" or "sell them to" + +# Edom + +Here "Edom" represents the people of the country of Edom. AT: "the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it will devour her fortresses + +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/08.md b/amo/01/08.md index ff0d7ec794..b1b1516012 100644 --- a/amo/01/08.md +++ b/amo/01/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ashkelon]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Gaza. -## translationNotes +# cut off the man -* **I will turn my hand against Ekron** - or "I will fight against Ekron" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here to "cut off" means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. AT: "destroy the man" or "drive away the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the man who holds the scepter + +This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. AT: "the ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will turn my hand against Ekron + +Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power that he would use against Ekron. AT: "I will strike Ekron" or "I will destroy Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ekron + +Here "Ekron" represents the people of the city of Ekron. AT: "the people of Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/09.md b/amo/01/09.md index 3243f47f72..770d7f74d7 100644 --- a/amo/01/09.md +++ b/amo/01/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For three sins of ... even for four -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# Tyre -* **For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment** - See how you translated these words in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:01:03]]. -* **their treaty of brotherhood** - "the agreement they made to treat you as brothers" +Here "Tyre" represents the people of the city of Tyre. AT: "the people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# their covenant of brotherhood + +"the agreement they made to treat you as brothers" + +# it will devour her fortresses + +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/11.md b/amo/01/11.md index ec822b5b8d..e87a83c200 100644 --- a/amo/01/11.md +++ b/amo/01/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# For three sins of ... even for four -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# Edom -* **For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment** - See how you translated these words in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:01:03]]. -* **his wrath lasted forever** - "his wrath has lasted until now" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Bozrah** - See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +Here "Edom" represents the people of the country of Edom. AT: "the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# he pursued his brother + +The assumed knowledge is that Esau, from whom the people of Edom were descended, was the brother of Jacob, from whom the people of Israel were descended. Here "his brother" represents the people of Israel. AT: "he pursued the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cast off all pity + +"showed them no mercy" + +# His anger raged continually, and his wrath lasted forever + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize his continued anger. The abstract nouns "anger" and "wrath" can be translated using the adjectives "angry" and "furious." AT: "He was continually angry and always furious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his wrath lasted forever + +This is an exaggeration that is meant to express the ongoing nature of his wrath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Teman ... Bozrah + +These are names of places. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] + +# it will devour the palaces of Bozrah + +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/13.md b/amo/01/13.md index 201744cfb0..8ea33d6ae9 100644 --- a/amo/01/13.md +++ b/amo/01/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For three sins of ... even for four -* [[en:tw:gilead]] +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# I will not turn away punishment -* **For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment** - See how you translated these words in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:01:03]]. +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# enlarge their borders + +"extend their boundaries" or "expand their territory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/14.md b/amo/01/14.md index eee8698d3d..ded637340d 100644 --- a/amo/01/14.md +++ b/amo/01/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:rabbah]] +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Ammon. -## translationNotes +# it will devour the palaces -* **with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind** - "with many bad things happening all at once" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **tempest ... whirlwind** - two kinds of violent storm -* **whirlwind** - a storm in which the wind goes around in a circle +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind + +The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. AT: "and the fighting will be like a great storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tempest ... whirlwind + +These are two kinds of violent storms. + +# whirlwind + +a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage + +# Their king will go into captivity + +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as the verb "capture." This can be translated in active form. AT: "Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/intro.md b/amo/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abf16cf361 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Amos 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This book is written in a poetic form. Because it was written by a farmer, it includes many references to agricultural concepts. + +##### "For three sins of Judah, even for four" ##### +The phrase "For three sins of Judah, even for four," is used to begin each oracle. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Amos intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/01.md b/amo/02/01.md index 7dab61fbac..bb93ba11ec 100644 --- a/amo/02/01.md +++ b/amo/02/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For three sins of ... even for four -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). -## translationNotes +# Moab -* **For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment** - See how you translated these words in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:01:03]]. -* **lime** - the ashes left when seashells and some kinds of rocks are burned +This represents the Moabite people. AT: "the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# he burned the bones + +The word "he" refers to Moab. AT: "the people of Moab burned the bones" + +# to lime + +"to ashes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/02.md b/amo/02/02.md index ce306354c4..6f9456312b 100644 --- a/amo/02/02.md +++ b/amo/02/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Moab. -## translationNotes +# Kerioth -* **Kerioth** - See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Moab will die** - "The people of Moab will die" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is the name of a city or town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Moab will die + +Here "Moab" represents the people of Moab. AT: "The people of Moab will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in an uproar + +An uproar is a very loud noise. + +# the judge in her + +"the ruler of Moab" + +# all the princes + +"all the officials" or "all the leaders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/04.md b/amo/02/04.md index 0826d2b9c5..fca354e5f1 100644 --- a/amo/02/04.md +++ b/amo/02/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For three sins of ... even for four -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). -## translationNotes +# Judah -* **For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment** - See how you translated these words in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:01:03]]. -* **Their lies caused them to err** - "Because they worship false gods, they have done wrong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This represents the people of Judah. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he will punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Their lies + +This expression here probably refers to worshiping false gods or idols. AT: "Their worship of idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# go astray ... walked + +Worshiping false gods is spoken of as if people were walking behind them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will devour the fortresses of Jerusalem + +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/06.md b/amo/02/06.md index b01ac4b90c..94ce61316d 100644 --- a/amo/02/06.md +++ b/amo/02/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For three sins of ... even for four -* [[en:tw:innocent]] +This is a poetic device. It does not meaan that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many of sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). -## translationNotes +# Israel -* **For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment** - See how you translated these words in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:01:03]]. +This represents the Israelite people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# the innocent + +This refers to innocent people in general. AT: "innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the needy + +This refers to needy people in general. AT: "needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/07.md b/amo/02/07.md index 52196fc894..851270c94c 100644 --- a/amo/02/07.md +++ b/amo/02/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **trample** - injure by purposely and repeatedly stepping hard on -* **they push the oppressed away** - "they refuse to listen when the oppressed say they are being treated unfairly" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "they" in these verses refers to the people of Israel. + +# They trample on the heads of the poor as people trample on dust on the ground + +How the people of Israel treated the poor is compared to how people step heavily on the ground (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# trample + +repeatedly step heavily or roughly + +# the poor + +This refers to poor people in general. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# they push the oppressed away + +This idiom means they refused to listen when the oppressed people said they were being treated unfairly (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the oppressed + +This refers to oppressed people in general. AT: "oppressed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# those who were fined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who they made to pay a penalty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/09.md b/amo/02/09.md index b67b19acab..afe6dcd872 100644 --- a/amo/02/09.md +++ b/amo/02/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **whose height was like the height of cedars; he was strong as the oaks** - "who were as tall as the tallest trees you knew and as strong as the strongest wood you know" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The words "them" and "you" in these verses both refer to the people of Israel. + +# whose height was like the height of cedars; he was strong as the oaks + +This is an exaggeration. It describes how tall and strong the Amorite people were and compares them to the tallest and strongest trees in that region. AT: "who were tall and strong like great trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# cedars + +"cedar trees" + +# the oaks + +"the oak trees" + +# Yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below + +How Yahweh completely destroyed the Amorites is pictured as a tree being destroyed from top to bottom. AT: "Yet I destroyed them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/11.md b/amo/02/11.md index c3dba24cad..2cce4c9016 100644 --- a/amo/02/11.md +++ b/amo/02/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:nazirite]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Declaration of Yahweh** - Try to translate these words the same way every time they appear in this book. +The words "your" and "you" in these verses refer to the people of Israel. + +# raised up + +"appointed" + +# Is it not so, people of Israel? + +Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/13.md b/amo/02/13.md index ea3568f7d5..99cc4d7f80 100644 --- a/amo/02/13.md +++ b/amo/02/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Look** - AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +The word "you" in these verses refers to the people of Israel. + +# Look + +This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I will crush you as a cart that is full of grain can crush someone + +Yahweh compares his judgment on the people of Israel to crushing them with something very heavy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The swift ... the strong ... the mighty + +These adjectives refer to people in general. AT: "Swift people ... strong people ... mighty people" or "The strong person ... the strong person ... the mighty person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/15.md b/amo/02/15.md index 0e064a6bf2..ea01a138b9 100644 --- a/amo/02/15.md +++ b/amo/02/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:archer]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# The archer will not stand -* **The archer will not stand** - or "The archer will run away" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **the fast runner will not escape** - or "the fast runner will be captured" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **the horseman will not save himself** - or "the horseman will die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **flee naked** - Possible meanings: 1) "run away without his weapons" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and UDB) or 2) "run away wearing no clothes" -* **Declaration of Yahweh** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:02:11]]. +Here "stand" means to keep one's place in battle. + +# the fast runner will not escape + +The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. AT: "the fast runner will be captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# flee naked + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metonym for "run away without his weapons" or 2) this is meant literally as "run away wearing no clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in that day + +"at that time" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](./11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/intro.md b/amo/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba70a170be --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Amos 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UDB translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### +You will notice that the phrase "For three sins of Judah, even for four," is used to begin each of these oracles. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/01.md b/amo/03/01.md index 0c5d6a6b77..896a47f4f9 100644 --- a/amo/03/01.md +++ b/amo/03/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Hear this word -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Hear this message" or "Listen to this message" -## translationNotes +# that Yahweh has spoken against you ... against the whole family +"this word that Yahweh has spoken about you ... about the whole family" or "Yahweh's message about you ... about the whole family" + +# you, people of Israel ... the whole family that I brought up out of the land of Egypt + +These two phrases refer to the same group of people. The people God is speaking to are the descendants of those he had taken out of Egypt. + +# the whole family + +Here "the whole family" represents to the whole nation. The people of Israel were all descendants of Jacob. AT: "the whole nation" or "the whole clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth + +This implies that they should have obeyed him. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth, so you should have obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the families of the earth + +Here "families" represents nations or people groups. AT: "all the nations of the earth" or "all the clans on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Therefore I will punish you for all your sins + +It can be stated clearly that they did not obey God. AT: "But you did not obey me. Therefore I will punish you for all your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/03.md b/amo/03/03.md index 7e980c2063..69d05fc08d 100644 --- a/amo/03/03.md +++ b/amo/03/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lion]] +Amos uses the questions in verses 3-6 to present examples of things that people already know about what causes things to happen and what are the results of things that happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Will two walk together unless they have agreed? -* 8]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what must happen in order for two people to walk together. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Two people will walk together only if they have first agreed to walk together." or "You know that two people will walk together only if they have agreed to do that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will a lion roar in the forest when he has no victim? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a lion to roar. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "A lion will roar in the forest only when he has a victim." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will a young lion growl from his den if he has caught nothing? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a lion to growl. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "A young lion will growl from his den only if he has caught something." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/05.md b/amo/03/05.md index 684f287025..cbb1f31f12 100644 --- a/amo/03/05.md +++ b/amo/03/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Amos uses the questions in verses 3-6 to present examples of things that people already know about what causes things to happen and what are the results of things that happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Can a bird fall in a trap on the ground when no bait is set for him? -* 8]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a bird to fall into a trap. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "A bird can fall into a trap on the ground only when bait has been set for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will a trap spring up from the ground when it has not caught anything? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a trap to spring up. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "A trap will spring up from the ground only when it has caught something." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will a trap spring up from the ground + +This refers to a trap closing. When an animal steps on a trap, the trap closes and the animal cannot get out of it. AT: "Will a trap close" + +# If a trumpet sounds in a city, will the people not tremble? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what happens when a trumpet sounds. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "When the trumpet sounds in the city, the people will tremble." or "When the trumpet sounds in the city, we expect that people will tremble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If a trumpet sounds in a city + +The purpose of sounding the trumpet is to warn people that enemies are about to attack the city. AT: "If someone blows the trumpet in the city to warn the people about an enemy attack" or "If the warning trumpet is blown in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tremble + +The reason for trembling can be stated clearly. AT: "tremble because they are afraid" or "be afraid of the enemy and tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If disaster overtakes a city, has Yahweh not sent it + +Amos uses this question to remind the people of what they should already know about what causes a disaster. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "If disaster overtakes a city, Yahweh has sent it." or "If disaster overtakes a city, we know that Yahweh has sent it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If disaster overtakes a city, + +Something terrible happening to a city is spoken of as if disaster overtakes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/07.md b/amo/03/07.md index bc36195833..703948f7b2 100644 --- a/amo/03/07.md +++ b/amo/03/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless ... the prophets -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The relationship between this sentence and the rhetorical questions in [Amos 3:3](./03.md) to [Amos 3:6](./05.md) can be shown with the words "So also." AT: "So also, the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless ... the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless he reveals ... prophets -* **Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless he reveals ... prophets** - AT: "The Lord Yahweh will first reveal ... prophets before he does anything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This can be stated positively. AT: "Surely the Lord Yahweh will reveal ... prophets before he does anything" or "So also, the Lord will punish people only if he has revealed his plan to his servants the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# The lion has roared; who will not fear? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what people do when a lion roars. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "The lion has roared; so we know that everyone will be afraid." or "The lion has roared; so of course everyone will be afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The Lord Yahweh has spoken; who will not prophesy? + +Amos uses this question to emphasize what people should already know about what prophets do when God speaks. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The Lord Yahweh has spoken; so we know that the prophets will prophesy." or "The Lord Yahweh has spoken; so of course the prophets will prophesy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/09.md b/amo/03/09.md index d962e60337..d28b4c66df 100644 --- a/amo/03/09.md +++ b/amo/03/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Assemble yourselves -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +This command is to Israel's enemies in Ashdod and Egypt. -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **declaration of Yahweh** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:02:11]]. +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what Yahweh has solemnly said." This phrase expresses the certainty of everything else in the message. + +# see what great confusion is in her + +The word "her" refers to the city of Samaria. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# what great confusion is in her + +Here "great confusion is in her" refers to people's fear because of the fighting and rioting there. The word "confusion" can be translated with a verbal phrase to make this meaning explicit. AT: "how the people in Samaria riot" or "how the people in Samaria fight against one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# what oppression is in her + +Here "oppression is in her" refers to leaders in Samaria oppressing the people. The abstract noun "oppress" can be stated as "oppress" or "cause to suffer." AT: "how the leaders oppress people" or "and how they cause people to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For they do not know how to do right + +The word "they" refers to the people of Samaria. + +# They store up violence and destruction + +Here "violence and destruction" represent things they have taken by being violent and destructive. AT: "They store up things that they have violently stolen from others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/11.md b/amo/03/11.md index f9026dbe6b..3af43b3bfb 100644 --- a/amo/03/11.md +++ b/amo/03/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +It can be stated clearly who God was saying this to. AT: "Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says to the people of Israel living in Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# An enemy will surround the land -* **couch** - a soft chair big enough to lie down on +"An enemy army will surround the land" + +# plunder your fortresses + +"steal all the things in your fortresses" + +# As the shepherd rescues ... so will the people of Israel ... be rescued + +The Lord compares the people of Israel being rescued with an unsuccessful attempt to rescue an animal from a lion. They will not be completely rescued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# As the shepherd rescues out of the mouth of the lion two legs only, or a piece of an ear + +It can be stated clearly that the shepherd tries to rescue the whole animal. AT: "As the shepherd tries to rescue an animal from the lion's mouth, but is able to save only two legs or a piece of an ear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As the shepherd ... the lion + +Here the phrases "the shepherd" and "the lion" refer to any shepherd or lion. AT: "As a shepherd ... a lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# they will be left with only the corner of a couch or a piece of a bed + +This phrase shows that they will not be completely rescued. Almost all of their possessions will be stolen. This passage in Hebrew is difficult to understand, and some modern versions interpret it differently. + +# couch + +This is a soft chair big enough to lie down on. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/13.md b/amo/03/13.md index d36a825147..7a60b859b5 100644 --- a/amo/03/13.md +++ b/amo/03/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Jacob -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. They were the people of Israel. AT: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts -* **declaration of the Lord Yahweh** - Try to translate these words the same way every time they appear in this book. -* **horns of the altar** - These looked like bull horns going out from where the sides came together at the top and were symbols to show how strong the god was. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase "this is Yahweh's declaration" in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# in the day that I punish the sins of Israel + +"when I punish the sins of Israel" + +# I will also punish the altars of Bethel + +People sinned against God by worshiping false gods at their altars. Here "punish the altars" represents punishing the people by destroying their altars. AT: "I will also destroy the altars at Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The horns of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# horns of the altar + +People worshiped false gods at their altars. At the top corners of the altars there were pieces of metal shaped like bull horns. These horns were a symbol of the strength of their gods. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/15.md b/amo/03/15.md index 337a6f0ed5..b35b025661 100644 --- a/amo/03/15.md +++ b/amo/03/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the winter house with the summer house -* [[en:tw:perish]] +Some of the wealthy people had two houses: one that they lived in during the winter and one that they lived in during the summer. This refers to any winter and summer houses. AT: "the houses they live in during the winter and the houses they live in during the summer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# The houses of ivory will perish -* **the winter house with the summer house** - "all of the houses" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **ivory** - the teeth and horns of large animals -* **declaration of Yahweh** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:02:11]]. -* xx x x [[en:bible:notes:psa:057:001]] +God speaks of the houses being destroyed as if they were alive and would die. AT: "The houses of ivory will be destroyed" or "The houses of ivory will collapse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The houses of ivory + +"the houses that are decorated with ivory." This refers to houses that had decorations made of ivory on the walls and furniture. Ivory was very expensive, so only the wealthy people had things decorated with ivory. + +# ivory + +the teeth and horns of large animals + +# the large houses will vanish + +"the large houses will exist no more." Here "vanish" represents being destroyed. AT: "the large houses will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/intro.md b/amo/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b782834c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Amos 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Amos continues to use poetic form in this chapter to prophesy the disaster coming to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +This chapter begins with a number of rhetorical questions. The last question provides the reader with some answers: "Yahweh has certainly spoken through his prophets. So listen to them." The answer to these rhetorical questions have the expected response of "no" because they are things that are not expected to happen. The writer is helping the reader to conclude that God uses the prophets to speak his message. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/01.md b/amo/04/01.md index b57b1193d0..59a14982c1 100644 --- a/amo/04/01.md +++ b/amo/04/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# you cows of Bashan, you who are in the mountain of Samaria -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Amos speaks to the women of Israel who live in Samaria as if they were well-fed cows. AT: "you wealthy women who live in the mountains of Samaria, you who are like the well-fed cows of Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you who oppress the poor -* **take you away with hooks, the last of you with fishhooks** - "completely defeat all of you and force you to go away with them" or "put you on hooks like fish and take you away" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **hooks ... fishhooks** - The difference in meaning between these words is not clear, so it may be best to treat them as the same. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and UDB) +The phrase "the poor" refers to poor people. AT: "you who oppress poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you who crush the needy + +Hear "crush" is a metaphor that represents treating people badly. The phrase "the needy" refers to people who need help. AT: "you who treat needy people badly" or "you who hurt needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# The Lord Yahweh has sworn by his holiness + +This means that Yahweh promised that he would do something, and he assured people that he would do what he promised because he is holy. + +# the days will come on you + +The word "you" refers to the wealthy women of Israel who lived in Samaria, but also includes men. + +# the days will come on you when they will take you away with hooks + +A time in the future when bad things will happen to the people is spoken of as if those days will attack the people. The word "they" refers to their enemies. AT: "There will be a time when your enemies will take you away with hooks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will take you away with hooks, the last of you with fishhooks + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will capture the people like people catch fish. AT: "they will capture you as people capture animals, and they take you away" or "they will defeat you and cruelly force you to go away with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/03.md b/amo/04/03.md index b396f617a9..e7dac0b0c0 100644 --- a/amo/04/03.md +++ b/amo/04/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:declare]] +God continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# breaks in the city wall -* **breaks in the city wall** - places where the enemy had broken down the city wall to enter -* **straight before herself** - "will walk the most direct path" out of the city -* **in the direction of Mount Hermon** - to the north -* **declaration of Yahweh** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:02:11]]. +places where the enemy had broken down the city wall to enter + +# you will be thrown out toward Harmon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will throw you out toward Harmon" or "your enemies will force you to leave the city and go toward Harmon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Harmon + +This is either the name of a place that we do not know, or it refers to Mount Hermon. Some modern versions interpret it in that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/04.md b/amo/04/04.md index 4eee2dc1b8..68a05ecc6f 100644 --- a/amo/04/04.md +++ b/amo/04/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +God continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply sin** - "Because you refuse to repent, the sacrifices you offer at Bethel and Gilgal only make me more angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **Bring your sacrifices ... your tithes ... Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice ... proclaim freewill offerings; announce them** - If your language has a way to show that the people refuse to understand that doing these things will do them no good but they will not stop doing them, you may want to use it here. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **declaration of the Lord Yahweh** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:03:13]]. +God gives several commands in verse 4, but he does so to show that he is angry + +# Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply sin + +People would go to Bethel and Gilgal to make sacrifices to God, but they kept sinning anyway. God makes these commands to show that he is angry with them for doing these things. These commands can be expressed as statements. AT: "You go to Bethel to worship, but you sin. You go to Gilgal to worship, but you sin even more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# bring your sacrifices ... every three days. Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice ... proclaim freewill offerings; announce them + +God makes these commands in order to show the people that he is angry that even though they do these things, they continue to sin against him in other ways. These commands can be expressed as statements. AT: "You bring your sacrifices ... every three days. You offer a thanksgiving sacrifice ... you proclaim freewill offerings. And you announce them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# every three days + +Possible meanings are 1) on the third day or 3) every third day. Some versions have "every three years," because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years. + +# announce them + +"boast about them" + +# for this pleases you, you people of Israel + +Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. AT: "for this pleases you, you people of Israel. But it does not please me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase "this is Yahweh's declaration" in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/06.md b/amo/04/06.md index 6408eee4da..6328d583ff 100644 --- a/amo/04/06.md +++ b/amo/04/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:harvest]] +God continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I gave you cleanness of teeth -* **cleanness of teeth** - "hunger" or "starvation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **you have not returned to me** - AT: "you have not stopped sinning against me" -* **declaration of Yahweh** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:02:11]]. +Here having clean teeth represents having no food in the mouth to make the teeth dirty. AT: "I caused you to starve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lack of bread + +Giving them "lack of bread" represents causing them to lack bread, and "bread" represents food in general. AT: "I caused you not to have enough food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have not returned to me + +Returning to God represents submitting again to him. AT: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I also withheld rain from you + +"I prevented the rain from falling on your crops" + +# when there were still three months to the harvest + +It can be stated clearly that the people needed the rain. AT: "when there were still three months to the harvest and your crops needed the rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# One piece of land was rained on + +This can be stated in active form. The phrase "One piece of land" represents any piece of land." AT: "It rained on one piece of land" or "It rained on some pieces of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the piece of land where it did not rain + +This refers to any piece of land where it did not rain. AT: "the pieces of land where it did not rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/08.md b/amo/04/08.md index 21e532b894..bb00e338b0 100644 --- a/amo/04/08.md +++ b/amo/04/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Two or three cities staggered -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] +Here "cities" represents the people of those cities. AT: "The people of two or three cities staggered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I afflicted you with blight and mildew -* **I afflicted you with blight and mildew** - "Sometimes I gave you too little rain and sometimes too much rain" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **blight** - disease that dries and kills plants -* **mildew** - bad growth on things that stay wet too long -* **you have not returned to me** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:04:06]]. -* **declaration of Yahweh** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:02:11]]. +Here "afflicted you" represents afflicting their crops. AT: "I afflicted your crops with blight and mildew" or "I destroyed your crops with blight and mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blight + +This is a disease that dries and kills plants. It is caused by the hot wind from the desert. + +# mildew + +This is another disease that kills plants. + +# you have not returned to me + +Returning to God represents submitting again to him. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:6](./06.md). AT: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/10.md b/amo/04/10.md index cddd869a7e..bea940cd26 100644 --- a/amo/04/10.md +++ b/amo/04/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# I sent a plague on you as on Egypt -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"I sent a plague on you as I did on Egypt" or "I sent a plague on you as I sent plagues on Egypt" -## translationNotes +# I sent a plague on you -* **made the stench of your camp come up to your nostrils** - AT: "filled the air with the stench of your camp" or "you could not get away from the stench of your camp." -* **stench** - very bad smell, especially of dead people -* **You were like a burning stick snatched out of the fire** - AT: "I quickly pulled you out of the fire like you were a burning stick" or "I let you burn part way before I quickly pulled you out of the fire."(See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you have not returned to me** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:04:06]]. -* **declaration of Yahweh** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:02:11]]. +"I caused terrible things to happen to you" + +# I killed your young men with the sword + +Here "the sword" represents battle. God killed them by sending enemies to fight against them. AT: "I made your enemies kill your men in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# carried away your horses + +God speaks of causing the enemies to steal their horses as if he carried the horses away. AT: "I made your enemies take away your horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# made the stench of your camp come up to your nostrils + +A stench is a bad smell. The stench coming up to their nostrils represents them smelling something terrible. It can be stated clearly that the smell was from the dead bodies of those who were killed. AT: "I made you smell the terrible odor of the dead bodies in your camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You were like a burning stick snatched out of the fire + +God speaks of those who survived the plague and war as if they were a burning stick that someone pulled out of a fire. AT: "Some of you survived, like a burning stick that someone pulls out of a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have not returned to me + +Returning to God represents submitting again to him. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:6](./06.md). AT: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/12.md b/amo/04/12.md index 15b905ad3c..e1da8cf049 100644 --- a/amo/04/12.md +++ b/amo/04/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +God continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# prepare to meet your God +God says this to warn the people of Israel that he will judge them. AT: "prepare to meet me, your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he who forms the mountains ... reveals his thoughts ... is his name + +It is not clear whether Amos is speaking about God, or God is speaking about himself. If God is speaking about himself, it can be translated with the words "I" and "me." AT: "I who form the mountains ... reveal my thoughts ... is my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# makes the morning darkness + +Possible meanings are 1) God causes the day to be very dark with thick clouds. AT: "makes the morning dark" or 2) God causes time to pass, so every day becomes night. AT: "makes morning and evening" + +# treads on the high places of the earth + +God ruling over all the earth is spoken of as if he walks on the highest places of the earth. AT: "rules over all the earth" or "rules over even the highest places of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh, God of hosts, is his name + +By declaring his full name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. Your language may have a way for people to do this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/intro.md b/amo/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e66b44353 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Amos 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in poetic form and is about the people's refusal to listen to Yahweh even as he tries to point them back to himself. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repetition ##### +This chapter contains a repeated sentence: "Yet you have not returned to me —this is Yahweh's declaration." Please make sure this sentence is translated the same way each time to show the repetition. This repetition produces a list of sins Yahweh is mounting against his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/01.md b/amo/05/01.md index 014bf143a3..ea21e07b04 100644 --- a/amo/05/01.md +++ b/amo/05/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# house of Israel -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. AT: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# The virgin Israel has fallen ... no one to raise her up -* **virgin Israel has fallen ... she will ... she is ... raise her** - "the people of Israel have died violently ... they will ... they are ... raise them" +The phrase "The virgin Israel" represents the nation of Israel. The nation of Israel being destroyed and having no other nation to help them become strong again is spoken of as if it were a young woman who has fallen and has no one to raise her up. AT: "The nation of Israel is like a woman who has fallen ... no one to help her get up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she is forsaken on her land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People have forsaken her" or "they have abandoned her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/03.md b/amo/05/03.md index f5968d494c..833c737929 100644 --- a/amo/05/03.md +++ b/amo/05/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The city that went out with a thousand ... the one that went out with a hundred -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +These phrases refer to any cities that sent out large numbers of soldiers. AT: "Cities that went out with a thousand ... cities that went out with a hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# The city that went out with a thousand will have a hundred left +The phrases "a thousand" and "a hundred" refer to a thousand soldiers and a hundred soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The city that went out with a thousand + +"The city that went out" represents the soldiers of that city going out. It can be stated clearly why they went out. AT: "The city out of which a thousand soldiers went to fight" or "The city that sent out a thousand soldiers to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will have a hundred left + +"will have a hundred soldiers who have not been killed" or "will have only a hundred soldiers still alive." Here being "left" refers to not being killed by the enemy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/04.md b/amo/05/04.md index 8037cec61d..d17b923dde 100644 --- a/amo/05/04.md +++ b/amo/05/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Seek me -* [[en:tw:captive]] +Here "Seek me" represents asking God for help. AT: "Ask me for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not seek Bethel -* **Seek me** - "Come to me for help" -* **Bethel have sorrow** - "Bethel will be completely destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) AT: "people will come and completely destroy Bethel." +Here "seek Bethel" represents going to Bethel to ask for help. AT: "Do not go to Bethel to ask for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nor enter Gilgal + +"and do not enter Gilgal" + +# For Gilgal will surely go into captivity + +Here "Gilgal" represents the people of Gilgal, and going into captivity refers to being captured and taken away. AT: "For the people of Gilgal will surely be captured and taken away" or "For your enemies will surely capture the people of Gilgal and take them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bethel will become nothing + +Here "become nothing" represents being destroyed. AT: "Bethel will be completely destroyed" or "enemies will completely destroy Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/06.md b/amo/05/06.md index 70cedbfe4c..6776dc57e5 100644 --- a/amo/05/06.md +++ b/amo/05/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Seek Yahweh -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Here "Seek Yahweh" represents asking him for help. AT: "Ask Yahweh for help" or "Ask me, Yahweh, for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he will break out like fire -* **he will break out like fire** - "he will become like a fire that breaks out suddenly and destroys everything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **turn justice into a bitter thing and throw righteousness down to the ground** - call evil things good and treat good things as unimportant -* **turn justice into a bitter thing** - or "twist justice" or "do what is not just but say it is just" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **throw righteousness down to the ground** - or "treat righteousness as though it were as unimportant as dirt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "break out like a fire" represents destroying things as fire destroys things. AT: "he will become like a fire that breaks out suddenly and destroys everything" or "he will destroy everything like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the house of Joseph + +This phrase is a metonym for the descendants of Joseph. Here it represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. AT: "the descendants of Joseph" or "Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# It will devour + +The word "it" refers to the fire, and "devour" represents destroying everything. God destroying everything is spoken of as if a fire were to destroy everything. AT: "It will destroy everything" or "He will destroy everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there will be no one to quench it + +"there will no one to stop it" or "there will be no one to stop him from destroying everything" + +# turn justice into a bitter thing + +Here "a bitter thing" represents actions that harm people, and "turn justice into a bitter thing" represents harming people rather than doing for them what is just. AT: "say that they are doing what is just, but instead they harm people" or "refuse to do what is just and harm people instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# throw righteousness down to the ground + +This represents treating righteousness as if it were worthless. AT: "treat righteousness as though it were as unimportant as dirt" or "you despise what is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/08.md b/amo/05/08.md index 912be7a1c3..9173506266 100644 --- a/amo/05/08.md +++ b/amo/05/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the Pleiades and Orion +People saw patterns in the stars in the sky and gave names to them. These are two of those patterns. AT: "the stars" or "the groups of stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# he turns darkness into the morning ... day dark with night -* **the Pleiades and Orion** - groups of stars (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +"he makes the night become morning, and he makes the day become night." This refers to causing the times of the day. + +# calls for the waters ... on the surface of the earth + +This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. AT: "he takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh is his name! + +By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. + +# He brings sudden destruction on the strong + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." The phrase "the strong" refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. AT: "He suddenly destroys the strong people" or "He suddenly destroys the soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# so that destruction comes on the fortresses + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." AT: "so that the fortresses are destroyed" or "and he destroys the fortresses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/10.md b/amo/05/10.md index e225e7efa1..5bc5f5a278 100644 --- a/amo/05/10.md +++ b/amo/05/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They hate anyone -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +"The people of Israel hate anyone" -## translationNotes +# you trample down the poor and take portions of wheat from him -* **trample down** - "greatly oppress" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. Here "trample down the poor" represents treating poor people badly. AT: "you greatly oppress poor people and take portions of wheat from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# take portions of wheat from him + +"make him give you part of his grain" + +# worked stone + +"cut stones" or "stones that people have cut" + +# you will not drink their wine + +The word "their" refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. AT: "you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/12.md b/amo/05/12.md index 2b6d7c1490..67281372c3 100644 --- a/amo/05/12.md +++ b/amo/05/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# afflict the just, take bribes, and turn aside the needy in the city gate -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] +This is a list of some of their sins. -## translationNotes +# the just -* **turn aside the needy in the city gate** - "do not allow the poor to bring their cases to the judges" -* **any prudent person is silent** - Those who do not want the evil people to harm them will not speak out against the evil deeds. +The word "just" is a nominal adjective that refers to just people. AT: "just people" or "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# take bribes + +"let people pay you to do bad things" or "let people pay you to lie about people" + +# turn aside the needy in the city gate + +Here "turn aside the needy" represents telling the needy people to leave. It can be made clear why the needy were at the city gate. AT: "do not allow poor people to bring their cases to the judges in the city gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the needy + +The word "needy" is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are in need. AT: "people in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# any prudent person is silent + +Those who do not want the evil people to harm them will not speak out against the evil deeds. AT: "wise people do not speak about the evil things people are doing" + +# for it is an evil time + +Here "an evil time" represents a time when people are evil and do evil deeds. AT: "for it is a time when people are evil" or "for people do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/14.md b/amo/05/14.md index f39fac41e8..01c96ab3b6 100644 --- a/amo/05/14.md +++ b/amo/05/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Seek good and not evil -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Here "Seek good" represents choosing to do what good. "Good" and "evil" represent good actions and evil actions. AT: "Choose to do what is good and not what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Hate evil, love good -* **establish justice in the city gates** - or "see that justice is done in the courts at the city gates" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Hate evil actions, and love good actions." Here "good" and "evil" represent good actions and evil actions. + +# establish justice in the city gate + +Here "establish justice" represents making sure that justice is done. AT: "make sure that justice is done in the city gates" or "make sure that the judges make just decisions in the city gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the city gate + +City gates were where business transactions occurred and judgments were made, because city walls were thick enough to have gateways that produced cool shade from the hot sun AT: "in your courts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the remnant of Joseph + +Here "remnant" refers to people who are still living in Israel after the others are killed or taken away as captives. Here "Joseph" represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. See how you translated "house of Joseph" in [Amos 5:6](./06.md). AT: "the descendants of Joseph who are still alive" or "those of Israel who survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/16.md b/amo/05/16.md index a007b9873a..dfafed63e8 100644 --- a/amo/05/16.md +++ b/amo/05/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# this is what Yahweh says, the God of hosts, the Lord -* [[en:tw:mourn]] +"this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, the Lord says" -## translationNotes +# Wailing will be in all the squares -* **Wailing** - long, loud, sad cries +"People will wail in all the town squares" + +# Wailing + +long, loud, sad cries + +# the squares + +broad open places in the town where people gather + +# the mourners to wail + +The phrase "they will call" is understood from the beginning of the sentence. AT: "they will call the mourners to wail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I will pass through your midst + +God speaks of punishing the people as if he were to come and punish them while walking through the group of them. AT: "I will come and punish you" or "I will punish you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/18.md b/amo/05/18.md index b29e483633..3e3d51208b 100644 --- a/amo/05/18.md +++ b/amo/05/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do you long for the day of Yahweh? -* [[en:tw:bear]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God uses this question to rebuke the people for saying that they want the day of Yahweh to be soon. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You long for the day of Yahweh." or "You should not long for the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# It will be darkness and not light -* **Why do you long for the day of Yahweh?** - AT: "You should not long for the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **It will be darkness and not light** - "Bad things, not good things, will happen on that day" -* **Will not the day of Yahweh be darkness and not light?** - AT: "The day of Yahweh will certainly be darkness and not light!" or "Bad things, not good things, will certainly happen on the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "darkness" represents a time when disasters happen, and "light" represents a time when good things happen. AT: "It will be a time of darkness and disaster, not of light and blessing" or "On that day there will be disasters, not blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will not the day of Yahweh be darkness and not light? + +This question emphasizes that bad things will happen then. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "The day of Yahweh will certainly be darkness and not light!" or "Bad things, not good things, will certainly happen on the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Gloom and no brightness? + +The words "Will not the day of Yahweh be" is understood from the previous sentence. Like the previous question, it emphasizes that terrible things, not good things, will happen on the day of Yahweh. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "It will be a time of when terrible things, not good things, will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/21.md b/amo/05/21.md index 5f2a05cbc2..3d12de0571 100644 --- a/amo/05/21.md +++ b/amo/05/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I hate, I despise your festivals -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +The word "despise" is a strong word for "hate." Together the two words emphasize the intensity of Yahweh's hatred for their religious festivals. AT: "I hate your festivals very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# I take no delight in your solemn assemblies -* **I hate, I despise your festivals,** - AT: "I hate your festivals. I hate them very much." or "I really hate your festivals." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **festivals** - times when people celebrate +"Your solemn assemblies do not please me at all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/23.md b/amo/05/23.md index 99baa64c1a..1b571b3024 100644 --- a/amo/05/23.md +++ b/amo/05/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Remove from me the noise of your songs -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +This speaks of the noise of songs as if it could be put somewhere else. It represents stopping singing. AT: "Stop singing your noisy songs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# noise -* **noise** - unpleasant sounds +unpleasant sounds + +# let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream + +This represents causing there to be much justice and righteous. AT: "let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream" or "let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/25.md b/amo/05/25.md index 309d1b1075..aeadc9c0d7 100644 --- a/amo/05/25.md +++ b/amo/05/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Did you bring me sacrifices ... Israel? -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Possible meanings are 1) God uses this question to rebuke them because they did not offer sacrifices. AT: "You did not bring me sacrifices ... Israel," or 2) God uses this question to remind them that the sacrifices were not the most important part about their relationship. AT: "You did not have to bring me sacrifices ... Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Did you bring -* **Did you bring me sacrifices ...?** - AT: Possibly 1) "I did not command you to bring me sacrifices ...!" or 2) "It was not to me that you brought sacrifices ...!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Sikkuth ... Kaiwan** - pagan gods (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kaiwan** - AT: "Kiyyun" +God speaks as though the Israelites he is speaking to were part of the group that wandered in the wilderness. AT: "Did your ancestors bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated it in [Amos 5:1](./01.md). AT: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have lifted up the images of Sikkuth ... and Kaiwan + +Here "lifted up the images" represents worshiping them. AT: "You have worshiped the images of Sikkuth ... and Kaiwan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Sikkuth ... Kaiwan + +These are the names of two false gods. The people had made images to represent them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kaiwan + +Some versions write this as "Kiyyun." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/27.md b/amo/05/27.md deleted file mode 100644 index 060237e648..0000000000 --- a/amo/05/27.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/amo/05/intro.md b/amo/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3e2f2a718e --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Amos 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues to be written in a poetic format and foretells the destruction of the kingdom of Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Place Names ##### +This chapter refers to various places in land of Israel (i.e. Gilgal, Bethel, Beersheba). Normally these places have good connotations, but here they are referred to negatively. This is most likely because these cities became known for their idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +##### City gate ##### +The "city gate" is mentioned several times. This was a place where people would go with legal and financial issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/01.md b/amo/06/01.md index d95dbf7a89..1a1f1b79b1 100644 --- a/amo/06/01.md +++ b/amo/06/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# who are at ease -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"who feel safe." The people are comfortable and not concerned that God will judge them. -## translationNotes +# the notable men of the best of the nations -* **at ease** - comfortable and not concerned that God will judge them -* **Are they better than your two kingdoms?** - AT: "They are no better than your two kingdoms." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is their border larger than your border?"** - "Their border is smaller than yours." or "Those countries are smaller than Judah and Samaria." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"the most important men of this great nation." Yahweh may be using irony to describe how these men think of themselves. AT: "the men who think they are the most important people in the best nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# the house of Israel comes + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. AT: "the Israelites come" or "the Israelite people group comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# comes for help + +Here "comes" can be stated as "goes." AT: "goes for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Kalneh + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Are they better than your two kingdoms? + +The notable men use this question to emphasize that the kingdoms of Israel and Judah are better than those other kingdoms. AT: "Your two kingdoms are better than they are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is their border larger than your border? + +The notable men use this question to emphasize that their kingdoms are larger than those other kingdoms. AT: "Their border is smaller than yours." or "Those countries are smaller than Judah and Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/03.md b/amo/06/03.md index 6eb19ca4c3..c4752d2167 100644 --- a/amo/06/03.md +++ b/amo/06/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# to those who put off the day of disaster -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Refusing to believe that Yahweh will cause disaster is spoken of as if the "day of disaster" were an object the people could put far from themselves. AT: "to those who refuse to believe that I will cause them to experience disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# and make the throne of violence come near -* **make the throne of violence come near** - "act in a way for which God will bring violent people to judge you" -* **the throne of violence** - "a violent enemy kingdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **lie ... lounge** - Israelites at that time usually ate while sitting on a floor cloth or a simple seat (see UDB). -* **beds of ivory** - "beds with ivory on them to make them look better" or "costly beds" -* **ivory** - teeth and horns of large animals -* **lounge** - "lie around like people who do not like to work" -* **couches** - soft seats large enough to lie down on +Here "throne" is a metonym that represents reign or rule. The people doing evil things, which causes Yahweh to bring disaster on them, is spoken of as if they were causing "violence" to rule them. AT: "but who are actually causing me to send violent people to destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lie ... lounge + +Israelites at that time usually ate while sitting on a floor cloth or a simple seat. + +# beds of ivory + +"beds decorated with ivory" or "costly beds" + +# ivory + +a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# lounge + +"lie around like lazy people" + +# couches + +soft seats large enough to lie down on \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/05.md b/amo/06/05.md index 339c74bdfe..027548a832 100644 --- a/amo/06/05.md +++ b/amo/06/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they improvise on instruments -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Possible meanings: 1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or 2) they invent new instruments. -## translationNotes +# drink wine from bowls -* **they improvise on instruments** - Possible meanings: 1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments (see UDB) or 2) they invent new instruments. -* **bowls** - bowls used in temple services, larger than those used by a person at a meal -* **grieve** - feel sad, as when a loved one dies +This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph + +Here "Joseph" represents his descendants. AT: "they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph whom enemies will soon destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/07.md b/amo/06/07.md index a26c4114d1..7019942fec 100644 --- a/amo/06/07.md +++ b/amo/06/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they will now go into exile with the first exiles -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"they will be among the first ones to go into exile" or "I will send them into exile first" -## translationNotes +# the feasts of those who lounge about will pass away -* **Declaration of the Lord Yahweh** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:03:13]]. -* **I hate his fortresses** - "I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them" -* **fortresses** - walls built around cities to protect them from attackers (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"there will be no more feasts for people to lie around at ease" + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I detest the pride of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents his descendants. AT: "I hate the descendants of Jacob because they have become arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I hate his fortresses + +It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. AT: "I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/09.md b/amo/06/09.md index 247d1d7c7e..9c3c61077f 100644 --- a/amo/06/09.md +++ b/amo/06/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +In 6:9-10 Amos describes a hypothetical situation of what it will be like when Yahweh hands the people of Israel over to their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# if there are ten men left in one house, they will all die -* **a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, "Is ...?"** - The meaning of these words is not clear. Possible meanings: 1) The "man's relative" is the one who will "take their bodies up" and cremate ... the corpses," and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died (see UDB). 2) The "man's relative" who "comes to take their bodies up" is a different person from "the one who is to cremate ... the corpses," and they talk to each other in the house: "a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up with the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, 'Is ...?'" -* **cremate** - burn a dead body -* **corpse** - dead body +This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. AT: "if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a man's relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, "Is ... you?" + +The meaning of these words is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) the "man's relative" is the one who will "take their bodies up" and "cremate ... the corpses," and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or 2) the "man's relative" who "comes to take their bodies up" is a different person from "the one who is to cremate ... the corpses," and they talk to each other in the house. AT: "a man's relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, 'Is ... you?'" + +# cremate + +to burn a dead body + +# bringing the corpses + +"bringing the dead bodies" + +# Then he will say, "Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh's name." + +The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh's name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh's attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/11.md b/amo/06/11.md index 947c698648..ad974b3365 100644 --- a/amo/06/11.md +++ b/amo/06/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# look +"listen" or "pay attention" -## translationNotes +# the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits -* **look** - AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits** - Possible meanings: 1) Yahweh will command others to destroy every house or 2) Yahweh himself will destroy every house himself simply by giving a command. -* **big house ... and ... little house** - all houses (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **pieces ... and ... bits** - You can use the same word for both if you need to. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings. The contrast between "the big house" and "the little house" means that this refers to all houses. AT: "all the houses will be smashed into small pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the big house will be smashed to pieces + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy will smash the big house to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to pieces ... to bits + +You can use the same word for both of these phrases. + +# the little house to bits + +This can be stated with the understood information included. AT: "enemies will smash the little house to bits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/12.md b/amo/06/12.md index dcea6c9501..a9adc2accb 100644 --- a/amo/06/12.md +++ b/amo/06/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:run]] +Amos uses two rhetorical questions to draw attention to the rebuke that follows. -## translationNotes +# Do horses run on the rocky cliffs? -* **Yet you have turned justice into poison** - "But you make laws that hurt innocent people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and the fruit of righteousness into bitterness** - "and you punish those who do what is right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Lodebar ... Karnaim** - No one knows where these towns were. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +It is impossible for a horse to run on rocky cliffs without getting hurt. Amos uses this rhetorical question to rebuke them for their actions. AT: "Horses do not run on rocky cliffs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does one plow there with oxen? + +One does not plow on rocky ground. Amos uses this rhetorical question to rebuke them for their actions. AT: "A person does not plow with oxen on rocky ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yet you have turned justice into poison + +Distorting what is just is spoken of as if the leaders "turned justice into poison." AT: "Yet you distort what is just" or "But you make laws that hurt innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fruit of righteousness into bitterness + +This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Distorting what is right is spoken of as if righteousness were a sweet fruit that the people made bitter tasting. AT: "you distort what is right" or "you punish those who do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lo Debar ... Karnaim + +These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Have we not taken Karnaim by our own strength? + +The people use a question to emphasize that they believe they captured a city because of their own power. AT: "We captured Karnaim by our own power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/14.md b/amo/06/14.md index 3c3615cbf9..c9bc0e28e1 100644 --- a/amo/06/14.md +++ b/amo/06/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# look -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"listen" or "pay attention" -## translationNotes +# house of Israel -* **look** - AT: “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **declaration of the Lord Yahweh** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:03:13]]. -* **from Lebo Hamath to the Brook of the Arabah** - AT: "from the northern border of your nation to the southern border" -* **brook** - a small river that flows only during the wet season +Here "house" represents people. AT: "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# from Lebo Hamath to the brook of the Arabah + +Here "Lebo Hamath" represents the northern border of Israel, and "brook of the Arabah" represents the southern border. AT: "from the northern border of your nation to the southern border" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# brook + +a small river that flows only during the wet season \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/intro.md b/amo/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9bde89ffed --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Amos 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues to be written in poetic style except for verses 9-10, which are in prose. These two verses contain many interested features. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +Verses 9-10 will probably be difficult to translate because the situation is vague and details don't appear to align easily. It is appropriate to translate these verses with some ambiguity remaining. It may be helpful to read many different versions prior to translating these verses. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/01.md b/amo/07/01.md index 2faae33aa8..226da80142 100644 --- a/amo/07/01.md +++ b/amo/07/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Look ... look -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +The writer is telling the reader that he is about to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## translationNotes +# locust -* **Look ... look** - The writer is telling the reader that he is about to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **how will Jacob survive?** - AT: "Jacob cannot survive!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +See how you translated this in [Amos 4:9](../04/08.md). + +# after the king's harvest + +"after the king takes his share from the harvest" + +# please forgive + +The words "your people" or "us" are understood. AT: "please forgive your people" or "please forgive us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# how will Jacob survive? For he is so small + +Here "Jacob" represents his descendants the Israelites. AT: "how will the Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/04.md b/amo/07/04.md index dff1714964..ad27b40f1a 100644 --- a/amo/07/04.md +++ b/amo/07/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## translationNotes +# the Lord Yahweh called on fire to judge -* **Look** - The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **how will Jacob survive?** - AT: "Jacob will certainly not survive!" or "please tell Jacob what he needs to do so he can survive!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"the Lord Yahweh used burning fire to punish the people" + +# how will Jacob survive? For he is so small + +Here "Jacob" represents his descendants the Israelites. See how you translated this in [Amos 7:2](./01.md). AT: "how will the Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/07.md b/amo/07/07.md index 0c1bd733e4..2dc7990b83 100644 --- a/amo/07/07.md +++ b/amo/07/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# plumb line -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down -## translationNotes +# what do you see? -* **plumb line** - thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down +Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. AT: "tell me what you see." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will put a plumb line among my people Israel + +Judging the people and determining they are wicked is spoken of as if the Israelites were a wall, and Yahweh determines the wall is not straight by using a plumb line. AT: "my people Israel are wicked. They are like a wall that is not straight up and down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/09.md b/amo/07/09.md index 41b44e2b3e..2df27b8578 100644 --- a/amo/07/09.md +++ b/amo/07/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The high places of Isaac will be destroyed, the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here "sword" represents an army. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Isaac ... Israel -* **Isaac ... Israel** - the people of the northern kingdom of Israel (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Both of these represent the people of Israel. AT: "the descendants of Isaac ... the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Jeroboam + +Here "house" represents "family." Translate "Jeroboam" as you did in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Jeroboam and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/10.md b/amo/07/10.md index 9c65b11ffa..b0272edfe9 100644 --- a/amo/07/10.md +++ b/amo/07/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Amaziah, the priest of Bethel -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Possible meanings: 1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or 2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel. -## translationNotes +# Amaziah -* **the priest** - Possible meanings: 1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel (see UDB) or 2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel. -* **Amos has conspired against you in the middle of the house of Israel** - AT: "Amos is right here in the land of Israel, and he is planning to do bad things to you" -* **The land cannot bear all his words** - "The people might believe him and then do things that destroy the nation" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Amos has conspired against you in the middle of the house of Israel + +Here "house" represents "people." AT: "Amos is right here among the Israelites, and he is planning to do bad things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The land cannot bear all his words + +Here "land" represents "people." Disrupting the peace is spoken of as if Amos's words were a heavy object that the land could not carry. AT: "What his is saying disturb the peace among the people" or "His message will cause trouble among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jeroboam will die by the sword + +Here "sword" represents the enemies. AT: "Enemies will kill Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/12.md b/amo/07/12.md index b15916124c..264238e362 100644 --- a/amo/07/12.md +++ b/amo/07/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# there eat bread and prophesy -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:run]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Here "eat bread" is an idiom that means to earn money or make a living for doing something. AT: "see if you can get the people there to pay you for prophesying" or "prophesy there and let them provide you with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# for it is the king's sanctuary and a royal house -* **there eat bread and prophesy** - "see if you can get the people there to pay you for prophesying" +Here "king's sanctuary" and "royal house" refer to the same place. AT: "this is where the national temple is, the place where the king worships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/14.md b/amo/07/14.md index 57e7169d76..7e7639302e 100644 --- a/amo/07/14.md +++ b/amo/07/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# herdsman -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +This here probably means "one who takes care of sheep" since he is called a "shepherd" in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). -## translationNotes +# sycamore fig trees -* **herdsman** - Possible meanings 1) one who takes care of sheep (see UDB and [[:en:bible:notes:amo:01:01]], where a different word is used for "shepherd," and 7:15) or 2) one who takes care of animals like cows. +Sycamores are broad trees that grow up to 15 meters tall. AT: "fig trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/16.md b/amo/07/16.md index 709304f602..33a37ca54c 100644 --- a/amo/07/16.md +++ b/amo/07/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# do not speak against the house of Isaac +Here "house" represents the family or descendants of Isaac. AT: "do not speak against the descendants of Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your sons and your daughters will fall by the sword + +Here "sword" represents enemies. AT: "enemies will kill your sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your land will be measured and divided up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "other people will take your land and divide it up among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an unclean land + +A land full of people that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the land were physically unclean. Here it means a land other than Israel. AT: "a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/intro.md b/amo/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8c61055cbc --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Amos 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is mainly written as a narrative about the prophet Amos interacting with Yahweh. Yahweh presents three different scenarios of judgment before Amos who pleads with God and he does not carry out His judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Reported speech ##### +In the latter part of the chapter, it is important to follow the conversation carefully to understand who is speaking. There are some instances of "reported speech." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/01.md b/amo/08/01.md index 02982ec947..c7cd251bbf 100644 --- a/amo/08/01.md +++ b/amo/08/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Look, a basket of summer fruit! -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +The word "look" here shows that Amos saw something interesting. AT: "I saw a basket of summer fruit!" -## translationNotes +# summer fruit -* **Look** - AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **declaration of the Lord Yahweh** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:03:13]]. -* **in every place** - "in many places" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"ripe fruit" + +# What do you see, Amos? + +Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. AT: "Tell me what you see, Amos." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in that day + +"at that time" + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:5](../04/04.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Silence! + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or 2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh's punishment. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/04.md b/amo/08/04.md index 5fe577060b..dbeae1be75 100644 --- a/amo/08/04.md +++ b/amo/08/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen to this -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +Amos is speaking to the wealthy merchants who harm those who are poor. -## translationNotes +# you who trample the needy and remove the poor of the land -* **you who trample ... and remove** - Amos is speaking to those who "sell" and "market" (8:5). -* **trample** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:02:07]]. -* **They say, "When will the new moon be over, so we can sell grain again? And the Sabbath, when will it be over, so that we can market wheat? ... sandals."** - "They are always asking when the new moon will be over so they can sell grain again, and when the Sabbath will be over so they can market wheat. ... sandals." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **We will make the measure small and increase the price, as we cheat with false scales** - The grain sellers would use false scales that showed that the amount of grain they were giving was greater than it really was and that the weight of the payment was less than it really was. +This can be restated to remove the nominal adjectives "the needy" and "the poor." AT: "you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you who trample + +Harming people is spoken of as if it were stomping on people. AT: "you who harm" or "you who oppress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They say, "When will the new moon be over, so we can sell grain again? When will the Sabbath day be over, so that we can sell wheat? + +The merchants use theses question to emphasize that want to start selling their items again. This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "They are always asking when the new moon will be over or when the Sabbath will be over so that can sell their grain and wheat again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# We will make the measure small and increase the price, as we cheat with false scales + +The merchants would use false scales that showed that the amount of grain they were giving was greater than it really was and that the weight of the payment was less than it really was. + +# the needy for a pair of sandals + +The words "and buy" are understood. AT: "buy the needy for a pair of sandals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/07.md b/amo/08/07.md index 4061180ee6..a8a02f8e80 100644 --- a/amo/08/07.md +++ b/amo/08/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh has sworn by the pride of Jacob -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "pride of Jacob" is a title for Yahweh. Also "Jacob" represents his descendants, the Israelites. AT: "Yahweh has sworn by himself, saying" or "Yahweh, of whom the Israelites are so proud, has sworn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Will not the land quake for this, and every one who lives in it mourn? -* **Yahweh has sworn by the pride of Jacob** - "Yahweh has sworn by himself, saying" or "Yahweh, of whom Jacob is so proud, has sworn" -* **River of Egypt** - another name for the Nile River +Amos uses a question to emphasize that these things will certainly happen. AT: "Yahweh will cause the land to shake, and every one who lives in it will mourn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# All of it will rise up like the Nile River ... like the river of Egypt + +Amos compares the rising and sinking of the waters of the Nile River to how Yahweh will cause the land to shake when he judges the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# river of Egypt + +This is another name for the Nile River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/09.md b/amo/08/09.md index f4a83f0dec..c0d92b28b3 100644 --- a/amo/08/09.md +++ b/amo/08/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It will come in that day -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] +"It will happen at that time" -## translationNotes +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh -* **declaration of the Lord Yahweh** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:03:13]]. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:5](../04/04.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# have baldness on every head + +A person shaves his head to show that he is grieving. AT: "cause you all to shave your heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# like mourning for an only son + +It is understood that the only son has died. AT: "like mourning for an only son who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a bitter day to its end + +Terrible and sad things happening during a day is spoken of as if the day had a bitter taste. AT: "everything that happens at that time will cause you great sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/11.md b/amo/08/11.md index c503a3acd1..63f677208e 100644 --- a/amo/08/11.md +++ b/amo/08/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the days are coming -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This speaks of a future time as if "days are coming." AT: "there will be a time" or "in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh -* **declaration of the Lord Yahweh** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:03:13]]. -* **They will stagger ... they will run** - Some will walk slowly and fall down easily, like a person who is starving, and others will here and there quickly. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **from sea to sea, they will run from the north to the east, to seek the word** - Possible meanings: 1) see UDB, or 2) "from sea to sea and from the north to the east. They will be running to seek the word." -* **from sea to sea ... from the north to the east** - For a person standing at Bethel, this could be a circle: Dead Sea (south) to the Mediterranean (west) to north to east. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:5](../04/04.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# when I will send a famine in the land ... but for hearing the words of Yahweh + +Yahweh refusing to give messages when the people want to hear from him is spoken of as if there would be a famine of his words. AT: "when I will cause something like a famine in the land ... but for hearing the words of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the words of Yahweh + +This can be stated in first person. AT: "words from me, Yahweh" or "my messages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# They will stagger from sea to sea; they will run from the north to the east to seek the word of Yahweh + +Here "sea to sea" and "the north to the east" represent all of the land of Israel. AT: "They will wander here and there and search all over for the word of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# from sea to sea + +This implies the Dead Sea in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the west. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/13.md b/amo/08/13.md index 301e763f1b..c217d67d80 100644 --- a/amo/08/13.md +++ b/amo/08/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# In that day -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +"At that time" -## translationNotes +# faint -* **faint** - lose all their strength +to lose all strength + +# by the sin of Samaria + +Here "sin" represents the false god the people worship in Samaria. AT: "by the false god of Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As your god lives, Dan + +This is a way of making a solemn oath. The people declare that they believe the god of Dan is certainly alive to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do. + +# As the way to Beersheba exists + +This is probably a reference to the roads that pilgrims would take to Beersheba in order to worship idols there. Again, this is a way of making a solemn oath. They state that the way to Beersheba certainly exists in order to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do. + +# they will fall + +This is an idiom. AT: "they will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/intro.md b/amo/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a227397abb --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Amos 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in poetic form and it shows the way Yahweh's people are sinning and +how he is going to respond. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "This is the declaration of Yahweh" ##### + +This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/01.md b/amo/09/01.md index 61ada1bbea..8ec6a76414 100644 --- a/amo/09/01.md +++ b/amo/09/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh shows Amos another vision. -## translationNotes +# Strike the tops ... Break them -* **Break them** - Possible meanings: 1) break the pieces of the temple (see UDB) or 2) break the tops of the pillars. -* **Though they dig into Sheol, there my hand will take them. Though they climb up to heaven, there I will bring them down** - AT: "No matter where they try to go, I will be there to catch them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +It is uncertain to whom Yahweh is speaking these commands. + +# Strike the tops of the pillars so that the foundations will shake + +It is implied that Yahweh is speaking about the pillars and foundations of a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that the foundations will shake + +Here "foundations" represents the whole temple. AT: "so that the whole temple will shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Break them in pieces on all of their heads + +Here "heads" represents the whole person. AT: "Break the pillars so that the temple falls on all of the people and kills them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will kill the last of them with the sword + +Here "sword" represents an army attacking with their weapons. AT: "I will send an enemy army to kill the rest of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Though they dig into Sheol, there my hand will take them. Though they climb up to heaven, there I will bring them down + +Yahweh uses an exaggerated image of people fleeing to Sheol or heaven to try to escape being killed. Here "Sheol" and "heaven" are a merism that represents all places. AT: "Even if they were to flee to Sheol or to heaven, they would not be able to escape me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# there my hand will take them + +Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "I will pull them up from there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/03.md b/amo/09/03.md index 15179de990..74657abfb5 100644 --- a/amo/09/03.md +++ b/amo/09/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Though they hide on the top of Carmel ... Though they are hidden from my sight in the bottom of the sea -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] +Yahweh gives an exaggerated image of the people fleeing to the top of mount Carmel or to the bottom of the sea to escape being killed. Here "top of Carmel" and "bottom of the sea" are a merism that represents all places. AT: "Even if they were to hide on the top of Carmel ... Even if they tried to go the bottom sea, thinking that I could not see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# serpent -* **serpent** - an unknown fierce sea animal (see UDB), not the snake in the garden of Eden and not a common snake -* **I will keep my eyes on them** - If your language has words that usually mean the speaker wants to do others good but can also be used when the speaker wants to do harm, you may want to use it here. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **and not for good** - words to make sure the hearer understands "for harm" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +an unknown fierce sea animal, not the snake in the garden of Eden and not a common snake + +# Though they go into captivity, driven by their enemies before them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Though enemies capture them and force them to go to a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there will I give orders to the sword, and it will kill them + +Here "sword" represents their enemies. AT: "there I will cause their enemies to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will keep my eyes on them for harm and not for good + +Here "eyes" represents seeing. The phrase "keep my eyes on them" is an idiom that means to watch closely. AT: "I will watch closely and make sure only bad things happen to them and not good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/05.md b/amo/09/05.md index b9e4a8635b..6409d4215b 100644 --- a/amo/09/05.md +++ b/amo/09/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# all of it will rise up like the River, and sink again like the river of Egypt -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] +Here "the River" and "river of Egypt" both refer to the Nile river. Yahweh causing the land to shake violently is compared to the waters of the Nile river rising and sinking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# he who builds his steps in the heavens +These are probably the steps that ancient people imagined led up to God's palace in the heavens. However, some modern versions wish to read a different Hebrew word meaning "palace" or "rooms." Here "his steps" probably is a metonym for God's palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has established his vault over the earth + +Here "vault" refers to the sky which biblical writers described as being a dome over the earth. AT: "he sets the sky over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He calls for the waters of the sea ... on the surface of the earth + +This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:8](../05/08.md). AT: "He takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh is his name + +By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:8](../05/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/07.md b/amo/09/07.md index 13d1b22f69..5d49ab104c 100644 --- a/amo/09/07.md +++ b/amo/09/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Are you not like the people of Cush to me, people of Israel? -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Israel are no more special to him than the people of Cush. AT: "You people of Israel, you are certainly now no more important to me than the people of Cush." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **declaration of Yahweh** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:amo:02:11]]. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Did I not bring up Israel out of the land of Egypt, the Philistines from Crete, and the Arameans from Kir? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Israel are no more special than the Philistines or the Arameans. AT: "Yes, I brought the people of Israel from the land of Egypt, but I also brought the Philistines from Crete and the Arameans from Kir." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Kir + +See how you translated the name of this place in [Amos 1:5](../01/05.md). + +# the eyes of the Lord Yahweh are on the sinful kingdom + +Here "eyes" represents seeing. Also, Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, see that the people of this kingdom are very sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will destroy it from the face of the earth + +The idiom "from the face of the earth" means "completely." AT: "I will completely destroy this kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the house of Jacob + +Here "house" represents a family. And, "Jacob" represents his descendants. AT: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/09.md b/amo/09/09.md index 74e051d40d..0560c2a7be 100644 --- a/amo/09/09.md +++ b/amo/09/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here "house" represents the people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I will shake the house of Israel ... as one shakes grain in a sieve, so that not the smallest stone will fall to the ground -* **one shakes grain in a sieve, so that not the smallest stone will fall to the ground** - The picture here is of grain falling through the sieve and stones being kept out. Some versions understand "not the smallest stone will fall" to mean the good grain will not fall through the sieve with the unwanted material. -* **sieve** - a surface with many small holes that allow small things to pass through and keep larger things from passing through +The picture here is of grain falling through the sieve and stones being kept out. The idea is that Yahweh will remove all of the sinful people from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# sieve + +a surface with many small holes that allow small things to pass through and keep larger things from passing through + +# All the sinners of my people will die by the sword + +Here "sword" represents their enemies. AT: "Enemies will kill all the sinners of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Disaster will not overtake or meet us + +Experiencing disaster is spoken of as disaster could overtake or meet someone. AT: "We will not experience disaster" or "Bad things will not happen to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/11.md b/amo/09/11.md index d26a798cde..b11cdba0ba 100644 --- a/amo/09/11.md +++ b/amo/09/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# In that day -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +"At that time" -## translationNotes +# I will raise up the tent of David that has fallen -* **tent ... breaches ... ruins** - After Yahweh destroys the kingdom of Israel, it will be like a tent whose wooden poles have collapsed, a wall that has been broken down in some places, and a house that has been torn down. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **breaches** - parts of a wall that have fallen down -* **ruins** - what is left when a building is destroyed +Causing the people of Israel to be great again is spoken of as if David's kingdom were a tent that fell down and Yahweh will set it back up. AT: "David's kingdom will be like tent that has fallen down, but I will raise it back up again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# close up its breaches + +"I will repair its walls" + +# I will raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old + +"I will rebuild its ruins and make it strong like it was long ago" + +# breaches + +parts of a wall that have fallen down + +# the remnant of Edom + +"the remaining part of Edom's territory" + +# all the nations that are called by my name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh. The idiom "called by my name" means they once belonged to Yahweh. This means that in the past the people had conquered and taken control of these territories. AT: "all the nations that once belonged to me" or "all the nations that I caused the people of Israel to conquer in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/13.md b/amo/09/13.md index 505218ef76..54a38fbd66 100644 --- a/amo/09/13.md +++ b/amo/09/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +The writer is telling the reader that he is going to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## translationNotes +# the days will come ... when the plowman -* **Look** - The writer is telling the reader that he is going to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this. +A future time is spoken of as if "days will come." AT: "there will be a time ... when the plowman" or "in the future ... the plowman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when the plowman ... him who plants seed + +These are two images of Yahweh restoring prosperity in Israel. This means grain will grow faster than the people can harvest it, and there will be so many grapes, those crushing the grapes will still be working when farmers start planting more vineyards. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The mountains will drip sweet wine, and all the hills will flow with it + +These two lines mean basically the same thing. The huge amount of grapes and wine in Israel is spoken of as if wine flows down the hills and mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/14.md b/amo/09/14.md index 5307f0c90d..9fd291262b 100644 --- a/amo/09/14.md +++ b/amo/09/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will plant them upon their land, and they will never again be uprooted from the land -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Bringing the people back to their land and keeping them safe from enemies is spoken of as if Israel were a plant that Yahweh would put in the ground and not let anyone pull the plant up from the ground. AT: "I will cause them to live in the land forever like a plant that is never uprooted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they will never again be uprooted from the land -* **they will never again be uprooted from the land** - AT: "no one will ever again uproot them from the land" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) "they will live forever in the land like a plant that keeps its roots in the ground" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **uproot** - pull a plant and its roots out of the ground +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever again uproot them from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# uprooted + +for a plant and its roots to be pulled out of the ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/intro.md b/amo/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2bca66be0e --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Amos 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in poetic form and continues to show the awesome and terrible judgment of Yahweh on his people. In verse 11, the writer writes about the forgiveness and mercy of God on the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The declaration of Yahweh" ##### +This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. Try to remain consistent in translating this phrase throughout the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/front/intro.md b/amo/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e9d5268d04 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# Introduction to Amos # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Amos #### + +1. The author, Amos, and his background and calling (1:1) +1. The oracles of judgment + - Judgment on the nations surrounding Yahweh's people (1:2–2:3) + - Judgment on the southern kingdom (2:4–5) + - Judgment on the northern kingdom (2:6–16) + - Various judgments on Israel (3:1–6:14) +1. The visions of judgment + - Final judgment (7:1–17) + - The basket of ripe fruit as a picture of judgment (8:1–14) +1. Yahweh stands beside his altar and proclaims the final message + - Summary of all the visions (9:1–10) + - Vision of the restoration of Israel and descendants of David as kings (9:11–15) + +#### What is the Book of Amos about? #### + +Amos began his work about 760 BC. He was not a professional prophet, but he spoke Yahweh's messages against the wicked behavior of God's people, both in the southern kingdom of Judah, where his home was, and in the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +Yahweh gave Amos the "judgment prophecies" found in the first six chapters of the book to proclaim to the people. Each of them begins with the phrase "This is what Yahweh says" (ULB). + +The last part of the book of Amos has three visions of the coming judgment from God. The final vision promises both destruction and rescue (9:11-15). The "tent of David" would be raised up again, that is, David's descendants would provide kings once again to the throne of Israel. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The Book of Amos may also be called the "The Book of the Sayings of Amos." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Amos? #### + +It is likely that Amos wrote this book. Amos came from a poor family—from farmers and herdsmen. They grew sycamore trees, he may have had cows (based on the description of him in 7:14, 15), and he was a shepherd (See: [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md)). Though Amos was a farmer, he demonstrates a very thorough knowledge, even extensive understanding, of the law of Moses, but he was not formally trained. There is no record of another prophet ordaining him. However, Amos was one of the most eloquent of the prophets. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is social justice? #### + +A major focus of Amos's ministry is on justice. A godly society or community was to be just. Amos describes this as fair treatment of the poor, helping orphans and widows and obeying Yahweh. Amos explains that Yahweh would prefer that the people act justly rather than sacrifice to him. This is true obedience to the Law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### What is a lawsuit? #### + +Many cultures have a process for resolving disputes through the use of courts. These legal disputes are called lawsuits. There are various legal terms in Amos, and part of the book presents events in a courtroom. The people are introduced, the problem is explained, the people are examined, witnesses speak, and a verdict is given. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. In Amos, "Israel" almost exclusively refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. + +#### Where do narrative sequences begin and end? #### + +The structure of the Book of Amos has caused difficulties in understanding how Amos's thoughts flow. It may be helpful to solve these issues with carefully divided lines or paragraphs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/01.md b/col/01/01.md index 08edc39e14..7115475e56 100644 --- a/col/01/01.md +++ b/col/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:colossae]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Though this letter is from Paul and Timothy to the Colossian believers, later in the letter Paul makes it clear that he is the writer. Most likely Timothy was with him and wrote the words down as Paul spoke. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (This is a letter from Paul and Timothy to the Colossian believers.) -* **an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God ** - "chosen by God to be an apostle of Christ Jesus" -* **our brother** - Paul includes his audience in "our". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **set apart for God ** - Means morally blameless or consecrated or holy ones. AT: "saints". -* **Grace to you** - To give or wish a blessing upon another. -* **Grace to you** - "you" refers to the Colossian saints and faithful brethren. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) -* **we always pray for you ** - AT: "we prayed very often and sincerely for you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Throughout this letter the words "we," "our," and "ours" include the Colossians unless noted otherwise. The words "you," "your," and "yours" refer to the Colossian believers and so are plural unless noted otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God + +"whom God chose to be an apostle of Christ Jesus" + +# We give ... our Lord ... we always + +These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/04.md b/col/01/04.md index 43019ebc7b..f7cf912981 100644 --- a/col/01/04.md +++ b/col/01/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# We have heard -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Paul is excluding his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# your faith in Christ Jesus -* **We have heard** - Paul is excluding his audience in "we". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **your faith in Christ Jesus** - "your belief in Christ Jesus" -* **your faith…you have…for you** - "you" refers to the Colossian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) -* **of the love that you have for all those** - "that you love all those" (UDB) -* **set apart for God ** - This means to be pure or free from sin and useful for God. AT: "saints". -* **because of the confident expectation reserved in heaven ** - "which is the result of your sure hope of what God has kept in heaven". -* **confident expectation** - “hope that you hold firmly” -* **bearing fruit and is growing ** - This metaphor compares a tree or plant that produces food and grows to the gospel which changes people and spreads throughout the world as many more people believe it. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in all the world ** - This is a hyperbole. The gospel is spreading and growing throughout the known world. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the grace of God in truth** - "the true grace of God" or "the true favor of God". +"your belief in Christ Jesus" + +# because of the confident expectation reserved for you in heaven + +Here "confident expectation" stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in heaven for the believers to possess later. AT: "because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This gospel is bearing fruit and is growing + +Paul is speaking here of the gospel as if it were a tree or plant that grows and produces food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in all the world + +This is a generalization referring to the part of the world that they knew about. AT: "throughout the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the grace of God in truth + +"the true grace of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/07.md b/col/01/07.md index 611177d00d..9fb8821ef8 100644 --- a/col/01/07.md +++ b/col/01/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# our beloved ... our behalf ... to us -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The words "our" and "us" do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# gospel as you learned it from Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who -* **It is just as you learned it from Epaphras** - "it is just as Epaphras taught you" or "you have thoroughly understood what Epaphras taught you". -* **It is just** - "it" refers to the effect or results of the gospel message in their (the Colossian believers) lives. -* **you learned** - The Colosian believers. -* **Epaphras** - Epaphras was the person who preached the gospel to the people in Colossae. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **our beloved…to us** - the words "our" and "us" refers to Paul and his coworkers but not the Colossian believers. -* **He has revealed to us** - "Epaphras has made know to us" -* **your love in the Spirit** - "The Holy Spirit has enabled you to love believers" +"gospel. It is exactly what you learned from Epaphras, who is our beloved fellow servant and who" or "gospel. It is exactly what Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, taught you. He" + +# Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf + +Here "on our behalf" means that Epaphras was doing work for Christ that Paul himself would have done if he were not in prison. + +# Epaphras + +the man who preached the gospel to the people in Colossae (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your love in the Spirit + +Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a place in which the believers were located. AT: "how the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/09.md b/col/01/09.md index 73a4dce8ce..48ca88998b 100644 --- a/col/01/09.md +++ b/col/01/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Lord]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Because the Spirit has enabled them to love others, Paul prays for them and tells them here how he prays for them. -## translationNotes +# Because of this love -* **because of this love** - "because the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love other believers" -* **from the day we heard about you** - "from the day Epaphras told us about you" -* **we heard** - refers to Paul and Timothy but not the Colossian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **we have not stopped praying** - "we have prayed often and sincerely to God". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **asking that you will be filled with the knowledge of his will** - "we are asking God that He will fill you with the knowledge to do His will" -* **in all wisdom and spiritual understanding** - "wisdom and understanding given by the Holy Spirit" -* **that you may walk worthily of the Lord in all approval** - "that you live in a way that the Lord would approve. -* **bear fruit** - This metaphor compares a fruitful plant to the good works of a believer. As plant grows and bears fruit, so also believers are to grow in knowing God and bear fruit by doing good deeds. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Because the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love other believers" + +# we heard ... we have not stopped ... We have been asking ... We have been praying + +These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# from the day we heard this + +"from the day Epaphras told us these things" + +# that you will be filled with the knowledge of his will + +Paul speaks of the Colossian believers as though they were containers. AT: "that God will fill you with what you need to know so that you can do his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in all wisdom and spiritual understanding + +", so that the Holy Spirit will make you wise and able to understand what God wants you to do" + +# that you will walk worthily of the Lord + +Walking here signifies behavior in life. AT: "that you will live the way God expects you to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in pleasing ways + +"in ways that will please the Lord" + +# will bear fruit + +Paul is speaking of the Colossian believers as if they were trees or plants. As a plant grows and bears fruit, so also believers are to keep getting to know God better and doing good deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/11.md b/col/01/11.md index 72e386d963..a8a34257c7 100644 --- a/col/01/11.md +++ b/col/01/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# We pray -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:perseverance]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +The word "we" refers to Paul and Timothy but not to the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# into all perseverance and patience -* **We pray you** - "we" Paul and Timothy but not the Colossians (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) "pray you" the Colossian believers (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **may be strengthened in every ability according ​to the power of his glory** - "may be given strength in every ability by his glorious might". -* **into all perseverance and patience** - "to never quit believing and to be patient" -* **as you joyfully give thanks to the Father** - "as you give thanks with a joyful attitude to the Father" -* **has qualified us for a share** - The Father has accepted us to share -* **has qualified us** - Paul is including the colossian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **for a share in the inheritance** - "to receive a part of the inheritance" -* **in light** - "in the glory of his presence" -* **for those set apart** - “for those without moral fault” or "selected for special use". AT: “saints”. -* **for him** - "for the Father" +Paul speaks of the Colossian believers as if God would move them into a location of perseverance and patience. In reality, he is praying that they will never stop trusting in God and that they will be completely patient as they honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has made you able to have a share + +"has allowed you to share" + +# has made you able + +Here Paul is focusing on his readers as receivers of God's blessings. But he does not mean that he himself has no share in those blessings. + +# inheritance + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in light + +This idea is opposite to the idea of the dominion of darkness in the next verse. AT: "in the glory of his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/13.md b/col/01/13.md index 772407f156..8ce7890c0d 100644 --- a/col/01/13.md +++ b/col/01/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Paul talks about the ways in which Christ is excellent. -## translationNotes +# He has rescued -* **He has rescued** - "God the Father has rescued" -* **transferred us** - "moved us". "us includes both Paul and the Colossian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **his beloved Son** - "God the Father's beloved son, Jesus Christ" -* **In his Son we have redemption** - "His Son redeems us" -* **the forgiveness of sins** - "His son forgives our sins" or "The Father forgives us through His Son" +"God the Father has rescued" + +# the dominion of darkness + +Darkness is a common picture in the scriptures for evil. AT: "the power of evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his beloved Son + +"God the Father's beloved Son, Jesus Christ" + +# In his Son we have redemption + +Paul often speaks as if the believers were "in" Jesus Christ or "in" God. AT: "By means of his Son we have redemption" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# redemption, the forgiveness of sins + +"redemption; his Son forgives our sins" or "redemption; the Father forgives us through his Son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/15.md b/col/01/15.md index e577e93b06..04cbcee91a 100644 --- a/col/01/15.md +++ b/col/01/15.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The Son is the image of the invisible God -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:imageofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Here "image" does not mean a representation of something that is visible. Instead, "image" here means that by knowing the Son, we learn what God the Father is like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Son -* **The Son is the image of the invisible God** - by knowing what Jesus the son is like, we can know what God the father is like. -* **He is the firstborn** - "The Son is the firstborn". Nothing existed before the son. -* **because by him ** - "because by the Son" -* **because by him all things were created** - "because the Son created all things" -* **Whether thrones or dominions or principalities or authorities, all things were created by him and for him.** - The Son created all things for himself, including thrones, dominions, principalities and authorities. -* **principalities ** - lands governed by princes. -* **He is before all things ** - "He existed before all things." -* **in him all things hold together ** - "he holds everything together." (UDB) +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# He is the firstborn + +"The Son is the firstborn." The expression "firstborn Son" does not refer to Jesus' birth in Bethlehem. Instead, it refers to the Son's position as the eternal Son of God the Father. In this sense, "firstborn" is a metaphor meaning "most important." Jesus is the most important and the unique "Son" of God. He is God. The word "Son" shows Jesus' intimate relationship with the Father. That relationship cannot be understood until and unless you use your language's words for "son" and "father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For by him all things were created + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because the Son created all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whether thrones or dominions or governments or authorities, all things were created by him and for him + +The Son created all things for himself, including thrones, dominions, principalities, and authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He is before all things + +"He existed before all things" + +# in him all things hold together + +Paul is speaking here of the Son controlling all things as if he were physically holding them together. "he holds everything together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/18.md b/col/01/18.md index 1cd9ffff58..8accd7ef48 100644 --- a/col/01/18.md +++ b/col/01/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He is the head -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:reconcile]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +"Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is the head" -## translationNotes +# He is the head of the body, the church -* **he is the head** - "Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is the head" -* **He is the head of the church, his body** - This metaphor compares Jesus position to the church to the head on human body. As the head rules the body, so does Jesus rule the church. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **originating authority** - first chief or founder. Jesus started the Church. -* **firstborn out of the dead ones ** - Jesus is the first person to die and come back to life, never to die again. -* **This is because it pleased God to decide that all his fullness should live in him ** - "God the Father was pleased to make everything he is to live in Christ" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **through ** - The Greek word for the preposition "through" has the idea of a channel or way, showing that God brings peace and reconciliation to people by the blood of Jesus when he died on the cross. +Paul speaks of Jesus' position over the church as if he were the head on the human body. As the head rules the body, so does Jesus rule the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the beginning + +"the originating authority." He is the first chief or founder. + +# firstborn from among the dead + +Jesus is the first person to die and come back to life, never to die again. + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# through the blood of his cross + +"by means of the blood Jesus shed on the cross" + +# the blood of his cross + +Here "blood" stands for the death of Christ on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/21.md b/col/01/21.md index 476c064012..1fc2179618 100644 --- a/col/01/21.md +++ b/col/01/21.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:reconcile]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Paul makes it clear that God has now revealed that Christ exchanges the sin of Gentile believers for his holiness. -## translationNotes +# At one time, you also -* **And you also** - "And you Colossian believers also". -* **were strangers from God** - The Greek word contains an element of choice. AT: "were alienated from God" or "had pushed God away" or "were hostile toward God". -* **were his enemies in your mind and by your evil deeds** - were his enemies because you thought evil thoughts and because you did evil deeds. (UDB) -* **God has reconciled you in the body of Christ's flesh through death** - When God reconciled you to Christ, he did not see Christ, but you on the cross such that when christ died, he saw you die. -* **blameless** - "without blame" -* **unreproveable** - "without accusation". Cannot be accused of any sin. -* **before himself** - "before God himself" -* **continue grounded** - "continue to be firmly established" or "stable" -* **settled in the faith** - "steadfast" or "secure" -* **the confidence of the gospel** - "being confident in the gospel". -* ** that was proclaimed in all the creation under heaven, the gospel that I, Paul, became a servant** - "that people proclaimed the gospel in all the creation under heaven. This is the same gospel that I, Paul, proclaim in serving God." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"There was a time when you Colossian believers also" + +# were strangers to God + +"were like people whom God did not know" or "had pushed God away" + +# to present you holy, blameless, and above reproach before him + +Paul is describing the Colossians as though Jesus had physically cleaned them, put them in clean clothes, and brought them to stand before God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blameless, and above reproach + +Paul uses two words that mean almost the same thing to emphasize the idea of perfection. AT: "perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# before him + +This expression of location stands for "in God's view" or "in God's mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that was proclaimed + +that believers proclaimed (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to every person created under heaven + +"to every person in the world" + +# the gospel of which I, Paul, became a servant + +Paul was actually a servant of God. AT: "the gospel that I, Paul, serve God by proclaiming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/24.md b/col/01/24.md index e3907d4b53..7f51dfec92 100644 --- a/col/01/24.md +++ b/col/01/24.md @@ -1,28 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# I fill up in my flesh what is lacking of the afflictions of Christ -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul speaks about the suffering that he continues to experience. He may be acknowledging here that there is much suffering that he and all other Christians must endure before Christ comes again, and that Christ in a spiritual sense joins with them in experiencing these hardships. Paul certainly does not mean that Christ's sufferings alone were not enough to provide salvation for the believers. -## translationNotes +# I fill up in my flesh -* **Now I rejoice** - "now I, Paul, Rejoice" -* **for you** - "for you Colossian believers" -* **in my sufferings for you** - "that I am suffering for your benefit" (UDB) -* **fill up in my flesh what is lacking of the afflictions of Christ for his body’s sake** - Paul is speaking about the resistance and persecutions he continues to endure for the sake of the church. Christ revealed this hardship to Paul when he first became a believer. -* **I serve the church** - "I, Paul, seek to meet the needs of the church" -* **the secret truth** - "the mystery" -* **was hidden for ages** - This refers to the time of creation until the time Peter Peter preached the gospel to the gentiles. -* **been revealed to his holy ones** - "made clear to his disciples". This includes both Jew and Gentile. -* **to whom God wanted to make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles** - God wanted to make known to his people how truly wonderful his plan is for the Gentiles. -* **confidence of glory** - "confidently expect to share in God's glory" (UDB) +Paul speaks of his body as if it were a container that could hold suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the sake of his body, which is the church + +Paul often speaks of the church, the group of all Christian believers, as if it were Christ's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to fulfill the word of God + +This means to bring about the purpose of God's gospel message, which is that it be preached and believed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This is the secret truth that was hidden + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is the secret truth that God had hidden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for ages and for generations + +The words "ages" and "generations" refer to the time period from the creation of the world until the time when the gospel was preached. + +# now it has been revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "now God has revealed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the riches of the glory of this secret truth + +Paul speaks of the value of this secret truth about God as if it were a treasure of material wealth. "riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Christ is in you + +Paul speaks of the believers as if they were actual containers in which Christ is present. This is one of his ways of expressing the union of the believers with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the confidence of future glory + +"so you can confidently expect to share in God's glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/28.md b/col/01/28.md index 52e7bf9b5f..eb82d16f5b 100644 --- a/col/01/28.md +++ b/col/01/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# we proclaim ... We admonish ... we teach ... we may present -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# We admonish every person -* **This is he whom we proclaim.** - "This is Christ whom we, Paul and Timothy, proclaim" -* **We admonish every person** - "we reprove gently everyone" -* ** that we may present every person** - "that we may present to God every person" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **complete** - "spiritually mature" -* **this I labor** - "this I, Paul, labor" -* **to his role that is at work in me** - "to Christ's purposes that are at work in me" +"We warn everyone" + +# so that we may present every person + +You may need to make explicit to whom they will present every person. AT: "so that we may present to God every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# complete + +Being complete is a metaphor for being spiritually mature. AT: "spiritually mature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/intro.md b/col/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..007714470f --- /dev/null +++ b/col/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Colossians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +As in a typical letter, this chapter begins (1:1-3) with a formal introduction to the Christians in Colossae. + +A large part of this chapter revolves around two basic ideas: who Christ is, and what Christ has accomplished for the Christian. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mystery ##### + +Paul refers to the church as a "mystery." The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown, but has now been revealed by God. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles' equal standing with the Jews in the current plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Images for christian living ##### +There are many different images used to describe christian living. In this chapter, two popular images are used by Paul. These are "walking" and "bearing fruit." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +Paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, appearing to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: Paul rejoices in his suffering. This is a counter-intuitive reaction to difficulties. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Colossians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Colossians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/01.md b/col/02/01.md index 7417e1c87c..6bf902cdd8 100644 --- a/col/02/01.md +++ b/col/02/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Paul continues to encourage the believers in Colossae and Laodicea to understand that Christ is God and that he lives in believers, so they should live in the same way they received him. -## translationNotes +# how great a struggle I have had for you -* **For I want you to know ** - "For I, Paul, want you Colossian believers to know" -* **how great a struggle I have had for you** - Paul has exerted much effort to their purity and understanding of the gospel. -* **those at Laodicea** - This was a city very close to Colossae where there was also a church for which Paul was praying. -* **as many as have not seen my face in the flesh​ ** - "many I have never seen personally" or "many I have never met face to face". -* **that their hearts** - "that all the believers' hearts who had never seen Paul in person" -* **brought together​ ** - Brought together in a real close relationship. AT: "knit together" or "brought closely together". -* **come from confidently understanding** - Having assurance in knowing these things. -* **the mystery of God** - This is knowledge that can only be revealed by God.​ -* **that is, Christ** - Jesus Christ is the mystery revealed by God. -* **hidden treasures of wisdom and knowledge** - Great riches or wealth of wisdom and knowledge -* **wisdom and knowledge** - These words mean basically the same thing here. Paul uses them together to emphasize that all spiritual understanding comes from Christ. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **are in him** - The word “him” refers to Christ. +Paul has exerted much effort in developing their purity and understanding of the gospel. + +# those at Laodicea + +This was a city very close to Colossae where there was also a church for which Paul was praying. + +# as many as have not seen my face in the flesh + +Here "face in the flesh" stands for the person. AT: "all those who have never seen personally" or "all those whom I have never met face to face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# so that their hearts + +Paul includes the Galatians even though he uses a different pronoun. AT: "so that their hearts and yours" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# brought together + +This means brought together in a close relationship. + +# all the riches of full assurance of understanding + +Paul speaks of a person who is completely sure that the good news is true as though that person were rich in physical things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the secret truth of God + +This is knowledge that can be revealed only by God. + +# that is, Christ + +Jesus Christ is the secret truth revealed by God. + +# In him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden + +Only Christ can reveal God's true wisdom and knowledge. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the treasures of wisdom and knowledge + +Paul speaks of God's wisdom and knowledge as if they were material wealth. AT: "the very precious wisdom and knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wisdom and knowledge + +These words mean basically the same thing here. Paul uses them together to emphasize that all spiritual understanding comes from Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/04.md b/col/02/04.md index 05817e3303..a0e40343d8 100644 --- a/col/02/04.md +++ b/col/02/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# trick -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This means to cause someone to believe something that is not true, so he acts on that belief, and suffers harm as a result. -## translationNotes +# persuasive speech -* **I say this** - "I, Paul, say this" -* **delude you** - "to lead you, Colossian believers, to a wrong place or conclusion." -* **persuasive speech ** - speech that will convince you of something or make a concept believable. -* **not with you in the flesh** - "not physically present with you" -* **I am with you in spirit** - "I continually think about you" -* **good order ** - Paul is commending or praising them on their unity and firmness of their belief or trust in Christ. +speech that will make a person think differently + +# not with you in the flesh + +The person's flesh, or physical body, is a metonym for the person. AT: "not physically present with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am with you in spirit + +Being with someone in spirit is a metaphor for thinking continually about that person. AT: "I continually think about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# good order + +doing things properly + +# the strength of your faith + +"how nothing and no one can cause you to stop believing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/06.md b/col/02/06.md index c6589f5af6..2a96cfad00 100644 --- a/col/02/06.md +++ b/col/02/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Be firmly planted ... be built ... be established ... abound -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +These words explain what it means to "walk in him." -## translationNotes +# Be firmly planted in him -* **Walk in Christ Jesus the Lord** - This is an expression for living in a certain manor or consistent way. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that you received him** - "that you Colossian believers received Christ" -* **Be firmly planted in him, be built upon him** - Paul uses two metaphors (the first of a plant with deep roots, the second of a well-constructed building) to describe the way in which believers ought to live and mature spiritually. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **be established in faith ** - live your life based upon your faith in Jesus Christ -* **abound with thanksgiving ** - to be very thankful to God. +Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a tree growing in solid ground with deep roots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be built on him + +Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a building that has a strong foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be established in faith + +"trust in Jesus for everything" + +# just as you were taught + +This is best stated without naming or otherwise calling attention to the teacher, who was Epaphras ([Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)). AT: "just as you learned" or "just as they taught you" or "just as he taught you" + +# abound in thanksgiving + +Paul speaks of thanksgiving as if it were objects that a person could obtain more of. AT: "be very thankful to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/08.md b/col/02/08.md index 6064315fa3..27abfcd6c9 100644 --- a/col/02/08.md +++ b/col/02/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] +Paul urges the believers to be careful not to turn to the words and rules of others because nothing can add to the fullness of God that believers have in Christ. -## translationNotes +# See that -* **See that** - be cautious. AT: "Beware" or "Watch out that". -* **captures you** - This metaphor compares the way a person can be physically caught and held by force to how a person can be emotionally and spiritually caught and captured by false teachings. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **captures you** - "captures you, Colossian believers" -* **philosophy** - the religious doctrines and beliefs that are not from God's word but are based on man's thoughts about God and life. -* **empty deceit** - misleading ideas that do not lead to life in christ. They produce nothing, they are empty or without value. -* **human tradition and upon sinful belief systems of the world** - Both Jewish traditions and pagan (gentile) belief systems are worthless. -* **after Christ** - "according to Christ". Only those belief systems based on Christ have value. -* **because all the fullness of God's nature lives in his body.** - "God's full nature lives in Christ's body." Not to be confused with all of God's nature dwelling in Christ, which is not true. +"Make sure that" + +# captures you + +Paul speaks of the way a person can believe false teachings (because they believe false things or love the wrong things) as if someone had physically caught and held that person by force. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# philosophy + +religious doctrines and beliefs that are not from God's word but are based on man's thoughts about God and life + +# empty deceit + +Paul speaks of false ideas that produce nothing and so are without value as though they are containers with nothing in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the tradition of men ... the elements of the world + +Both Jewish traditions and pagan (Gentile) belief systems are worthless. "The elements of the world" perhaps refers to evil spirits that claimed to rule the world and that were adored by people. But some interpreters view "the elements of the world" as people's basic teachings about the world. + +# in him lives all the fullness of God bodily + +"God's total nature lives in physical form in Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/10.md b/col/02/10.md index de59f65c17..272e005044 100644 --- a/col/02/10.md +++ b/col/02/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You are filled in him -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Paul speaks of people as though they were containers into which God has placed Christ. AT: "You are made complete in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He is the head -* **In him** - "In Jesus Christ" -* **you are ** - "you, Colossian believers, are" -* **completely fulfilled** - "made complete" -* **God circumcised you...** - This metaphor shows that God removed or took away a believer's sin in the same way as flesh is cut away or removed with a knife in circumcision. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **buried with him...** - This metaphor describes how the old nature was put away forever at the time of salvation just as a physical body is put in the ground and covered with dirt when it dies. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **raised up with him ** - This metaphor describes how believers are given a new nature just as a person who is raised from the dead is given life again. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Christ is the ruler (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In him you were also circumcised + +Paul is speaking of those who belong to Christ as if they were inside Christ's body. This can also be made active. AT: "When you joined the church in baptism, God circumcised you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a circumcision not done by humans + +With this metaphor, Paul says that God has made Christian believers acceptable to himself in a way that reminded him of circumcision, the ceremony through which Hebrew male babies were added to the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You were buried with him in baptism + +Paul speaks of being baptized and joining the assembly of believers as if it were being buried with Christ. This can be made active. AT: "God buried you with Christ when you joined the church in baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in him you were raised up + +With this metaphor, Paul speaks of the new spiritual life of believers, made possible because God made Christ come alive again. This can be made active. AT: "because you have joined yourself to Christ, God raised you up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/13.md b/col/02/13.md index dbc6259643..3ace8b84fd 100644 --- a/col/02/13.md +++ b/col/02/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When you were dead -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +Paul speaks of unresponsiveness to God as if it were death. AT: "When you Colossian believers were unable to respond to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you were dead ... he made you alive -* **When you were dead** - "When you Colossian believers were spiritually dead" -* **dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh ** - you were dead on two accounts, 1) you were spiritually dead living a life of of sin against Christ and 2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses. -* **he made you** - "Jesus Christ made you Colossian believers" -* **forgave us all of our trespasses** - "Jesus Christ forgave us, both us Jews and you Gentiles, of all our trespasses" -* **you were dead...he made you alive** - This metaphor shows how coming from a sinful life into a new spiritual life is like a dead person coming back to life physically. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He erased the written record of debts charged against us and the supporting regulations** - This metaphor compares how God can take away our sins (debts) and pardon us for breaking God's laws (regulations) just as a person can erase items written on a paper list. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **led them in a victory procession** - In Roman times, is was common practice for the roman armies to have a "victory parade" when they return home, displaying all the prisoners they captured and goods obtained. +With this metaphor Paul speaks of coming into new spiritual life as if it were coming back to life physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh + +You were dead on two accounts: 1) you were spiritually dead, living a life of sin against Christ and 2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses. + +# forgave us all of our trespasses + +"he forgave us, both us Jews and you Gentiles, of all our trespasses" + +# He canceled the written record of debts that stood against us + +Paul speaks of the way God forgives our sins as if it were the way a person, to whom many people owe money or goods, destroys the record of that debt so they do not have to pay him back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# made a public spectacle of them + +In Roman times, it was common practice for the Roman armies to have a victory parade when they returned home, displaying all the prisoners they had captured and goods they had obtained. God was victorious over the evil powers and authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by the cross + +Here "the cross" stands for Christ's death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/16.md b/col/02/16.md index 4167810e03..f5d43b445d 100644 --- a/col/02/16.md +++ b/col/02/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in eating or in drinking -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +The law of Moses included what one can eat and drink. "for what you eat or what you drink" -## translationNotes +# about a feast day or a new moon, or about Sabbath days -* **let no one judge you** - Paul was warning the believers against the Jews who wanted to make the Gentiles follow the Law of Moses. -* **in eating or in drinking** - The Law of Moses included what one can eat and drink. AT: "in what you eat or in what your drink". -* **about a feast day or a new moon, or about Sabbath days** - The Law of Moses specified what days to celebrate, days to worship, and days to offer sacrifice. -* **a shadow of the things to come ** - This metaphor compares the way a shadow only gives an vague idea of the shape and nature of an object to the way religious traditions such as the Law of Moses can only partially show the reality of Jesus Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The law of Moses specified the days to celebrate, to worship, and to offer sacrifice. "for the way you celebrate feast days or new moons or the Sabbath" + +# a shadow of the things to come + +A shadow gives only a vague idea of the shape and nature of an object. In a similar way, religious traditions such as the law of Moses can only partially show the reality of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the substance + +Here this means "the reality," the thing that casts the "shadow." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/18.md b/col/02/18.md index 399e25b560..45a64d4110 100644 --- a/col/02/18.md +++ b/col/02/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Let no one ... judge you out of your prize -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Here Paul refers to false teachers as if they were corrupt judges at an athletic contest who would unjustly disqualify the believers from winning the prizes they deserve, and he speaks of Christ saving a person as if Christ were giving a prize to the winner of such a contest. AT: "Let no one ... disqualify you from winning a prize" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# who wants humility -* **Let no one be robbed of a prize​** - "Let no one be cheated out of their prize." This metaphor compares people who teach false humility and worshiping of angels to robbers who steal the Colossians' salvation. AT: "Do not let anyone steal someone's reward." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **false humility** - "voluntary humility." Doing things that make you appear to be humble to others. AT: "pious self-denial." -* **obsesses about things** - Having thoughts that constantly control the mind or being excessively preoccupied with something. -* **fleshly thinking** - Thinking as a natural or sinful person rather than as a spiritual person. -* **hold on to** - "firmly grasp" or "cling to" just as a child firmly holds on to his parent. -* **Christ, the head, from whom the whole body is supplied and held together through joints and ligaments** - This metaphor compares the authority of Christ over the Church to a human head which controls and governs all of the body. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "humility" is a metonym for actions one does to make others think that one is humble. AT: "who wants you to do things to show that you are humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# enters into the things he has seen + +Here Paul speaks about people who claim to have dreams and visions from God and who talk proudly about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# becomes puffed up by his fleshly thinking + +Here Paul says that sinful ways of thinking make a person arrogant. AT: "puffs himself up by means of his fleshly thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# puffed up + +Here a person who boasts is spoken of as if he were an object into which someone had blown air to make it larger than it should be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his fleshly thinking + +Here the idea of flesh stands for the sinful human nature. "the sinful thoughts he naturally thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He does not hold on to the head + +A person not trusting in Christ is spoken of has if they do not hold firmly to the head. Christ is spoken of as if he were the head of a body. AT: "He does not firmly grasp Christ, who is like the head of a body" or "He does not cling to Christ, who is like the head of a body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is from the head that the whole body throughout its joints and ligaments is supplied and held together + +Paul speaks of the church, which is ruled and empowered by Christ, as if it were a human body. AT: "It is from the head that God supplies the whole body throughout its joints and ligaments and holds it together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/20.md b/col/02/20.md index 9fa972ba36..5e1c6216f5 100644 --- a/col/02/20.md +++ b/col/02/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# If you died together with Christ to the elements of the world -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +With this metaphor, Paul speaks of a believer as a person who is spiritually united with Christ: as Christ died, so the believer has spiritually died; as Christ has come back to life, so the believer has come back to spiritual life, that is, to responsiveness to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# why do you live as obligated to the world: "Do ... touch"? -* **If you died together with Christ to the sinful belief systems of the world** - This metaphor shows that just as a person who dies physically no longer needs to obey the physical demands of this world (breath, eat, sleep), a person who dies spiritually with Christ no longer needs to obey the spiritual demands of the world system. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **why do you live in submission to the world's beliefs** - Paul used this question to rebuke the Colossians for following the false beliefs of the world. AT: "stop submitting yourself to the world's beliefs!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **live in submission to** - "submit to" or "give in to" or "obey." -* **perish** - "decay" -* **These rules have the "wisdom" of man-made religion and false humility and ascetic treatment of the body** - made religion and false humility and ascetic treatment of the body** - "These rules seem wise from a human point of view by having the appearance of humility and harsh treatment of the body." -* **ascetic** - "severe" or "harsh" or "grim" -* **have no value against the indulgence of the flesh ** - "they do not help you stop following your human desires." +Paul used this question to rebuke the Colossians for following the false beliefs of the world. AT: "stop submitting to the world's beliefs! Stop believing them when they say, 'Do ... touch'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# live as obligated to the world + +"think you must obey the desires of the world" + +# the world + +the thoughts, desires, and assumptions of the sinful majority of the world's people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are destined for corruption + +"perish." Paul uses a metaphor here of a body rotting ("corrupting") in the grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# These rules have the wisdom of self-made religion and humility and severity of the body + +"These rules seem wise to unbelieving people because they allow those who follow them to appear humble because they hurt their own bodies" + +# have no value against the indulgence of the flesh + +"do not help you stop following your human desires" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/intro.md b/col/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c82ac088f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/col/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Colossians 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worldliness ##### +Although believers must live in the world, Paul urges the Christians in Colossae not to live "worldly" lives. By this he means not to live as the non-Christians do. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful. Paul is teaching that, while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. Flesh is also used in this chapter to refer to the material part of man in general. + +##### Implicit Information ##### +There are several issues mentioned in this chapter that share implicit information about the context of the church in Colossae. It is best to allow uncertainty to remain in the text over the specifics of the situations referenced. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Colossians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/01.md b/col/03/01.md index 1367283097..9215ba3493 100644 --- a/col/03/01.md +++ b/col/03/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Paul warns the believers that because they are one with Christ, they ought not do certain things. -## translationNotes +# God has raised you with Christ -* **God has raised you with Christ** - This metaphor compares the Colossian believers with Christ. As God has raised Christ from the dead, so God counts them as having been raised from the dead. (see [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **has raised you** - The word "you" refers to the Colossian believers. -* **the things above** - "the heavenly things" or "the godly things". -* **what is on earth​ ** - "earthly things" or "the things of earth". -* **for you have died** - This metaphor compares the colossian believers with Christ. As Christ actually died, so God counts them as having died with Chirst. (see [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **God has hidden ** - "God has concealed" -* **with him in glory** - The word "him" refers to Christ. +As God has raised Christ to heaven, so God counts the believers in Colossae as though he has also raised them to heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# things above + +"things in heaven" + +# For you have died + +As Christ actually died, so God counts the Colossian believers as having died with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your life is hidden with Christ in God + +Paul speaks of people's lives as if they were objects that can be hidden in containers and speaks of God as if he were a container. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "it is as though God has taken your life and concealed it with Christ in God's presence" or 2) "only God knows what your true life really is, and he will reveal it when he reveals Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who is your life + +Christ is the one who gives spiritual life to the believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/05.md b/col/03/05.md index 1925321da5..7f9090b444 100644 --- a/col/03/05.md +++ b/col/03/05.md @@ -1,22 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Put to death, then, the members that are on earth -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Paul speaks of sinful desires as though they were the body parts people use to satisfy them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# uncleanness -* **Put to death, therefore, your sinful desires ** - This is a metaphor showing that sinful desires should be completely and finally dealt with just as an evil person is put to death. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **uncleanness ** - "impure behavior" -* **passion** - "strong lustful desire" -* **and greed, which is idolatry** - "and greed, which is the same thing as idolatry" or "And do not be greedy, because that is the same as worshiping idols." (UDB) -* **It is for these things that the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience ** - "The wrath of God comes upon unbelievers who do these things." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It is in these things that you also once walked when you lived by them ** - "You once live by these things when you actively took part in them". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **wrath ** - "violence" -* **anger ** - "rage" -* **evil intentions ** - "determined to or set on doing evil things". AT: "wickedness of heart, life and character." -* **insults ** - "blasphemy" or "profanity" or "slander." It is a speech used with the intent of hurting and tearing down others. -* **shameful, obscene speech ** - AT: "filthy speech." +"impure behavior" + +# passion + +"strong, lustful desire" + +# greed, which is idolatry + +"greed, which is the same thing as idolatry" or "do not be greedy because that is the same as worshiping idols" + +# wrath of God + +God's anger against those who do evil as shown by what he does to punish them. + +# the sons of disobedience + +This is an idiom that means they were characterized by disobedience. The abstract noun "disobedience" can be stated as a verb. AT: "disobedient people" or "people who disobey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It is in these things that you also once walked + +Paul speaks of the way a person behaves as if it were a road or path a person walks on. AT: "These are the things you used to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when you lived in them + +Possible meanings are 1) "when you practiced these things" or 2) "when you lived among the people who disobey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# evil intentions + +"desire to do wicked deeds" + +# insults + +speech used to hurt others + +# obscene speech + +words that do not belong in polite conversation + +# from your mouth + +Here "mouth" is a metonym for talk. "in your talk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/09.md b/col/03/09.md index 2c7177fe5c..82d9b443db 100644 --- a/col/03/09.md +++ b/col/03/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:imageofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +Paul continues to tell the believers how to live and reminds them that Christians should treat everyone according to the same standard. -## translationNotes +# you have taken off the old man with its practices, and you have put on the new man -* **you have stripped off** - The word "you" refers to the Colossian believers. -* **you have stripped off your old self with its practices, and you have put on your new self ** - This metaphor contrasts the Christian who is to remove ungodly behavior and to begin acting godly to that of the person who removes dirty clothes and puts on new clean clothes. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **his image** - This is a metonym for Jesus Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the knowledge of his image ** - To know and understand Jesus Christ. -* **there is no Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, freeman ** - This is saying that God sees every person alike; not race, religion, nationality or caste (social status). AT: "Here race, religion, culture and social status do not matter". -* **Christ is all things and in all things** - Nothing is excluded or left out of the existence of Christ. AT: "Christ is all important." +Here Paul is speaking of a Christian's rejecting his old sinful life as if it were an old garment that he takes off in order to put on a new garment. It was very common for Israelites such as Paul to speak of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the image + +This refers to Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there is no Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, freeman + +These terms are examples of the categories of people that Paul says do not matter for God. God sees every person alike, not by race, religion, nationality, or social status. AT: "race, religion, culture, and social status do not matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# barbarian + +a foreigner who does not know local customs + +# Scythian + +This is someone from the land of Scythia, which was outside the Roman Empire. Greeks and Romans used this word for someone who grew up in a place where everyone did wicked things all the time. + +# Christ is all, and is in all + +Nothing is excluded or left out of the rule of Christ. AT: "Christ is all important and lives in all his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/12.md b/col/03/12.md index f59dd07d90..4c1244e754 100644 --- a/col/03/12.md +++ b/col/03/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This can be made active. AT: "as those whom God has chosen for himself, whom he desires to see live for him alone, and whom he loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# put on a heart of mercy, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience -* **put on…a heart of compassion…** - As a person puts on clothing while getting dressed, believers are to put on compassion, lowliness, etc. in their behavior towards each other. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Put on therefore** - "Therefore" is a discourse marker used to specify an action or behavior change based on the preceding discussion or teaching. (See: [[en:ta:workbench:discourse:home]]) -* **as God’s chosen ones–holy and beloved** - holy and beloved** - “as God's holy and dearly loved chosen ones". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a heart of compassion, kindness, lowliness, meekness, and patience ** - "an inner being that is compassionate, kind, humble, gentle and patient". -* **heart of compassion** - “heart of empathy” or “heart of consideration” -* **kindness ** - “goodness” or “gentleness” -* **lowliness** - “humbleness of mind” or “lowliness of mind” or “modesty” -* **meekness** - “gentleness”. Calmness of the soul toward God rather than outward expression of feelings. -* **patience** - "fortitude" or "long-suffering" or "self-restraint" -* **Bear with one another** - To work together in harmony and love. AT: "to put up with or endure each another". -* **has a complaint against ** - "complains against" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **have love ** - “put on love” -* **which is the bond of perfection ** - “which binds us perfectly together” or “which binds us together in perfect harmony” +The "heart" is a metaphor for feelings and attitudes. Here it is spoken of as if it has certain feelings and attitudes, and as if it were clothing to wear. AT: "have a merciful, kind, humble, gentle, and patient heart" or "be merciful, kind, humble, gentle, and patient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Bear with one another + +"Be patient with one another" or "Accept each other even when you disappoint each other" + +# Be gracious to each other + +"Treat each other better than they deserve for you to treat them" + +# has a complaint against + +The abstract noun "complaint" can be stated as "complain." AT: "has a reason to complain against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# which is the bond of perfection + +"which binds us together perfectly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/15.md b/col/03/15.md index 3e68237f0d..0489aa3c8a 100644 --- a/col/03/15.md +++ b/col/03/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul speaks of the peace that Christ gives as if it were a ruler. Possible meanings are 1) "Do everything so that you can have peaceful relationships with each other" or 2) "Allow God to give you peace in your heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# in your hearts -* **rule in your hearts** - “have authority over your heart”. -* **in your hearts** - The word "you" refers to the Colossian believers. -* **live in you** - “dwell in you” or “reside in you” -* **admonish one another** - “caution one another” -* **with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs** - "with all sorts of songs to praise God" -* **thankfulness in your hearts** - "thankful hearts" -* **through him** - "through the Lord Jesus" +It was normal for Paul to speak of the heart as if it were the place where people feel most intensely certain conditions such as peacefulness. You should use the most natural expression in your language for feeling at peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let the word of Christ live in you + +Paul speaks of Christ's word as if it were a person capable of living inside other people. "Always trust Christ's promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# admonish one another + +"caution and encourage one another" + +# with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs + +"with all sorts of songs to praise God" + +# thankfulness in your hearts + +"thankful hearts" + +# in word or in deed + +speaking or acting + +# in the name of the Lord Jesus + +"to honor the Lord Jesus" or "with the authority of the Lord Jesus" + +# through him + +Possible meanings are 1) because he has done great deeds or 2) because he has made it possible for people to speak to God and so give him thanks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/18.md b/col/03/18.md index 237d7a2286..d7b3c5060f 100644 --- a/col/03/18.md +++ b/col/03/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Paul then gives some special instructions to wives, husbands, children, fathers, slaves, and masters. -## translationNotes +# Wives, submit to -* **wives submit to ** - “wives obey”. -* **it is appropriate ** - “it is proper” or “it is right”. -* **do not be bitter against ** - "do not be harsh with" or "do not be angry towards". -* **for this is well-pleasing in the Lord.** - pleasing in the Lord.** "for the lord is well-pleased with you when you obey your parents". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **provoke your children ** - "aggravate your children" or “stimulate your children to anger” +"Wives, obey" + +# it is appropriate + +"it is proper" or "it is right" + +# do not be bitter against + +"do not be harsh with" or "do not be angry toward" + +# do not provoke your children + +"do not needlessly make your children angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/22.md b/col/03/22.md index fdc78a5250..412ba3843f 100644 --- a/col/03/22.md +++ b/col/03/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# obey your masters according to the flesh -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +"obey your human masters" -## translationNotes +# things, not with eyeservice as people pleasers -* **obey your masters** - The word "your" refers to the Colossian slaves who are believers. -* **Whatever you do** - The word "you" refers to slaves, but may include all the colossian Christians. -* **obey your masters according to the flesh** - "obey your earthly masters" -* **not with eye-service** - service** - Do not obey only when your master is watching. -* **people-pleasers** - pleasers** - These are people who do something to get the approval of other people rather than the Lord's. (See UDB) -* **from the soul** - “wholeheartedly” (See UDB) -* **as to the Lord ** - “for the Lord” (See UDB) -* **reward of the inheritance ** - “our share of what the Lord has promised”. (See UDB) -* **who does unrighteousness ** - It refers to anyone who actively does wrong of any kind (moral, social or physical). AT: “who does wrong” or “who does evil”. -* **receive the penalty** - Will be punished. -* **is no partiality ** - “is no favoritism” or “are no favorites” or "are no favorite ones" +"things. Do not obey only when your master is watching, as though you need only to please people" + +# as to the Lord + +"as you would work for the Lord" + +# the reward of the inheritance + +"the inheritance as your reward" + +# inheritance + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# anyone who does unrighteousness will receive the penalty + +The phrase "receive the penalty" means to be punished. AT: "anyone who does unrighteousness will be punished" or "God will punish anyone who does what is unrighteous" + +# who does unrighteousness + +who actively does wrong of any kind + +# there is no partiality + +The abstract noun "partiality" can be expressed with the adjective "partial." To be partial is to favor some people more than others. AT: "God is not partial" or "God judges everyone by the same standard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/intro.md b/col/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ceca3c37c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/col/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Colossians 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The second part of this chapter parallels Ephesians 5 and 6. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Old and new self ##### +The old and new self are concepts equivalent to the old/new man. The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature a person is born with, while the "new man" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]). + +##### Character ##### +Many of the qualities Paul encourages his readers to pursue (or avoid) are not actions themselves as much as they are character qualities. Because of this, they may present difficulties in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That which is above" ##### + +God is often pictured as being located above. When Paul says here to seek the things above or to think about what is above, he is implying Christians should seek to please God with their actions. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Colossians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/01.md b/col/04/01.md index d1fa2febb8..1149fb94bb 100644 --- a/col/04/01.md +++ b/col/04/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +After speaking to masters, Paul ends his special instructions to the different kinds of believers in the church at Colossae. -## translationNotes +# right and fair -* **Give to your servants ** - The word "your" refers to Colossian believers that are slave owners. -* **right and fair** - This is an expression for owners to do what is right and what is fair toward their slaves. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **master in heaven** - God is their master implying that 1) "God will treat slave owners as they treated their earthy slaves" or 2) "as you treat your earthy slaves God, your master will treat you in the same way." +These words mean almost the same thing and are used to emphasize the things that are morally correct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you also have a master in heaven + +God wants the relationship between an earthly master and his slave to be loving the way God, the heavenly master, loves his earthly servants, including the earthly slaves' masters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/02.md b/col/04/02.md index f5165321c8..a1e0b6e30c 100644 --- a/col/04/02.md +++ b/col/04/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Paul continues to give instructions to believers on how to live and speak. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Continue steadfastly in prayer​ ** - "Keep praying faithfully" or "Keep praying consistently." -* **for us also** - The word "us" refers to Paul and Timothy but not the Colossian believers. -* **God would open a door ** - AT: "God to provide opportunities." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **mystery of Christ** - The message of Jesus Christ that was not understood before Christ came. -* **Because of that word, I am bound​ ** - "It is for proclaiming the message of Jesus Christ that I am now in prison" -* **pray that I may make it clear and that I may speak as I ought to speak​ ** - "pray that I might be able to speak the message of Jesus Christ clearly as I should speak." +Here the word "us" refers to Paul and Timothy but not the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Continue steadfastly in prayer + +"Keep praying faithfully" or "Keep praying consistently" + +# God would open a door + +Opening a door for someone is a metaphor for giving that person the opportunity to do something. AT: "God would provide opportunities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the secret truth of Christ + +This refers to the gospel of Jesus Christ, which was not understood before Christ came. + +# Because of this, I am chained up + +Here "chained" is a metonym for being in prison. AT: "It is for proclaiming the message of Jesus Christ that I am now in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Pray that I may make it clear + +"Pray that I might be able to speak the message of Jesus Christ clearly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/05.md b/col/04/05.md index 089be50dd1..89f55a1828 100644 --- a/col/04/05.md +++ b/col/04/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Walk in wisdom toward those outside -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The idea of walking is often used for the idea of conducting one's life. AT: "Live in such a way that those who are not believers will see that you are wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# redeem the time -* **Live in wisdom toward** - "Be wise toward". -* **who are outsiders** - "who are not believers". -* **use your time wisely** - The word "you" refers to the colossian believers. -* **use your time wisely** - "Be wise about what you do" -* **Let your words always be with grace. Season them with salt ** - "Let your conversation always be gracious and attractive" -* **know how you should answer** - "you should know how to answer questions about Jesus Christ to anyone." +To "redeem" something means to restore it to it's rightful owner. Here time is spoken of as something that can be restored and used to serve God. AT: "do the best things you can with your time" or "put the time to its best use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let your words always be with grace. Let them be seasoned with salt + +Food with salt is a metaphor for words that teach others and that others enjoy hearing. AT: "Let your conversation always be gracious and attractive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that you may know how you should answer + +"so that you may know how to answer questions from anyone about Jesus Christ" or "so that you may be able to treat every person well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/07.md b/col/04/07.md index 40950456d8..869ec04d29 100644 --- a/col/04/07.md +++ b/col/04/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tychicus]] +Paul closes with special instructions about certain people as well as greetings to and from individual believers. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **make known to you everything concerning me ** - "tell you everything that has been happening to me" (See: UDB) -* **make known to you ** - The "you" refers to the Colossian believers. -* **everything concerning me ** - This pronoun is refers to the apostle Paul. -* **fellow-slave ** - slave ** - Though Paul is a freeman, he sees himself as a servant of Christ and sees Tychicus as a fellow servant. AT: "fellow servant." -* **may know about us** - The word "us" refers to Paul and his co-workers but not the Colossian Believers. -* **may encourage your hearts** - "your hearts" is an expression for the person. "may encourage you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Onesimus ** - Onesimus was a slave of Philemon in Colossae. He stole money from Philemon and ran away to Rome where he became a Christian through the ministry of Paul. Now Tychicus and Onesimus are the ones bringing Paul's letter to Colossae. -* **faithful and beloved brother ** - Paul considers Onesimus a fellow christian and servant of Christ. -* **They will make known** - "Tychicus and Onesimus will make known" -* **that are done here ** - They will tell the Colossian believers all that is taking place where Paul is currently residing. Tradition has Paul in Rome under house arrest or in prison. +Onesimus was a slave of Philemon in Colossae. He had stolen money from Philemon and run away to Rome where he became a Christian through the ministry of Paul. Now Tychicus and Onesimus are the ones bringing Paul's letter to Colossae. + +# the things concerning me + +"everything that has been happening to me" + +# fellow slave + +"fellow servant." Though Paul is a free man, he sees himself as a servant of Christ and sees Tychicus as a fellow servant. + +# about us + +These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# may encourage your hearts + +The heart was thought to be the center of many emotions. AT: "may encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the faithful and beloved brother + +Paul calls Onesimus a fellow Christian and servant of Christ. + +# They will tell + +"Tychicus and Onesimus will tell" + +# everything that has happened here + +They will tell the Colossian believers all that is taking place where Paul is currently living. Tradition says Paul was in Rome under house arrest or in prison at this time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/10.md b/col/04/10.md index 57614726d3..4c0107c866 100644 --- a/col/04/10.md +++ b/col/04/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Aristarchus -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:johnmark]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +He was in prison with Paul in Ephesus when Paul wrote this letter to the Colossians. -## translationNotes +# if he comes -* **Aristarchus ** - He was in prison with Paul in Ephesus when Paul wrote this letter to the Colossians. -* **"If he comes** - "if Mark comes" -* **Jesus who is called Justus ** - This is a man who also worked with Paul. -* **These alone of the circumcision are my fellow-workers for the kingdom of God​ ** - workers for the kingdom of God​ ** - "These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus" (UDB) -* **These alone of the circumcision** - "These men, Aristarchus, Mark, and Justus, alone of the circumcision" +"if Mark comes" + +# Jesus who is called Justus + +This is a man who also worked with Paul. + +# These alone of the circumcision are my fellow workers for the kingdom of God + +Paul uses "circumcision" here to refer to Jews because, under the Old Testament law, all male Jews had to be circumcised. AT: "These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# These alone of the circumcision + +"These men—Aristarchus, Mark, and Justus—alone of the circumcision" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/12.md b/col/04/12.md index c0e21fd212..77520642b8 100644 --- a/col/04/12.md +++ b/col/04/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:luke]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Laodicea and Hierapolis were towns close to Colossae. -## translationNotes +# Epaphras -* **Epaphras** - Epaphras was the person who preached the gospel to the people in Colossae. (See [[en:bible:notes:col:01:07]]) -* **one of you​​ ** - "from your city" or "your fellow townsman" (UDB) -* ** a slave of Christ Jesus** - "a committed disciple of Christ Jesus" -* **always strives for you in prayer​ ** - "earnestly prays for you" -* **you may stand complete and fully assured ** - "you may stand mature and confident" -* **I bear witness of him, that he works hard for you​ ** - "I have observed that he has worked very hard for you" (UDB) -* **Those in Laodicea** - The church at the city of Laodicea. Laodicean was very close to Colossae. -* **Those in Hierapolis** - The church at the city of Hierapolis. Hierapolis was also very close to Colossae. -* **and Demas ** - Another co-worker with Paul. -* **salute you ** - "greet you" +Epaphras was the man who had preached the good news to the people in Colossae. (See: [Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)) + +# one of you + +"from your city" or "your fellow townsman" + +# a slave of Christ Jesus + +"a committed disciple of Christ Jesus" + +# always strives for you in prayer + +"earnestly prays for you" + +# you may stand complete and fully assured + +"you may stand mature and confident" + +# I bear witness of him, that he works hard for you + +"I have observed that he has worked very hard for you" + +# Demas + +This is another co-worker with Paul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/15.md b/col/04/15.md index 82878abb7f..3282579b5c 100644 --- a/col/04/15.md +++ b/col/04/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## translationNotes +# in Laodicea -* **Greet the brothers ** - "Greet the fellow believers" -* **in Laodicea ** - A city very close to Colossae where there was also a church. -* **Nympha, and the church that is in her house ** - A woman named Nympha hosted a house church in Laodicea. AT: "Nympha and the group of believers that meets in her house". (UDB) -* **read among you** - The word "you" refers to the colossian believers. -* **Say to Archippus, "Look to the ministry that you have received in the Lord, that you should fulfill it."​** - Paul was reminding Archippus of his task God had given him and that he, Archippus, is under obligation to the Lord to fulfill it. +a city very close to Colossae where there was also a church + +# Nympha, and the church that is in her house + +A woman named Nympha hosted a house church. AT: "Nympha and the group of believers that meets in her house" + +# Say to Archippus, "Look to the ministry that you have received in the Lord, that you should fulfill it + +Paul reminds Archippus of the task God had given him and that he, Archippus, was under obligation to the Lord to fulfill it. The words "Look," "you have received," and "you should fulfill" all refer to Archippus and should be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/18.md b/col/04/18.md index 653de5df27..924cb99aa2 100644 --- a/col/04/18.md +++ b/col/04/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +Paul closes his letter with a greeting written in his own handwriting. -## translationNotes +# Remember my chains -* **This greeting is in my own hand--PAUL** - -PAUL** - Paul wanted the Colossian believers to know that this letter was from him. -* **Remember my chains** - AT: "Remember me and pray for me while I am in prison". +Paul speaks of chains when he means his imprisonment. AT: "Remember me and pray for me while I am in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May grace be with you + +Here "grace" stands for God, who shows grace or acts kindly to believers. AT: "I pray that our Lord Jesus Christ would continue to act graciously toward you all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/intro.md b/col/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9bb6de8543 --- /dev/null +++ b/col/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Colossians 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +It appears [Colossians 4:1](./01.md) belongs with the material of chapter 3 instead of chapter 4. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "In my own hand" ##### +It was common in the ancient Near East to have someone physically write a letter while the author spoke. This is a common practice with the letters of the New Testament. Paul thought that this chapter was so important, he physically wrote it himself. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Mystery ##### + +Paul refers to the church as a "mystery." The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown, but has now been revealed by God. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles' equal standing with the Jews in the current plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Colossians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/front/intro.md b/col/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..adf0b6dc16 --- /dev/null +++ b/col/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# Introduction to Colossians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Colossians #### + +1. Greeting, thanksgiving, and prayer (1:1-12) +1. The person and work of Christ + - Deliverance and redemption (1:13-14) + - Christ: the Image of the invisible God, and the One who is over all creation (1:15-17) + - Christ is the Head of the Church, and the Church trusts in him (1:18-2:7) +1. Tests of faithfulness + - Philosophical challenges (2:8-10) + - Traditions and observances challenges (2:16,17) + - Worship of angels opposed (2:18-19) + - True godliness not rigid rules and unbending traditions (2:20-23) +1. Teaching and Living + - Life in Christ (3:1-4) + - Old life and new (3:5-17) + - Christian family (3:18-4:1) +1. Christian behavior (4:2-6) +1. Closing and greetings, in 4:7-18 + - Paul thanks Tychicus and Onesimus (4:7-9) + - Paul sends greetings from his associates (4:10-14) + - Paul gives directions to Archippus and the Christians in Laodicea (4:15-17) + - Paul's personal greeting (4:18) + +#### What is the Book of Colossians about? #### + +Much of Paul's letter to the believers in the city of Colossae is about false teachings that they had been given. There may have been some Jewish Christians who were trying to persuade the other believers to follow the Jewish laws from the Old Testament, especially the law requiring circumcision. Paul wanted to teach them that only Christ is needed for God to accept them; teachings based on human reasoning are useless. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Colossians." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to the Church in Colossae," or "A Letter to the Christians in Colossae." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What were the religious issues that the church in Colossae struggled with? #### + +In the church in Colossae, there were false teachers. These people taught things contrary to scripture. Their exact teaching is unknown, but it probably involved teaching believers that it was acceptable to continue practicing their old religious customs. For those from a Jewish background, this included trying to follow the law of Moses. For those from a Gentile background, it may have included teachings that the human body was evil and that Jesus was not truly human. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### How does Paul use the imagery of heaven and earth? #### + +In this letter, Paul frequently speaks of heaven as above and distinguishes it from the earth, which Scripture speaks of as being below. The purpose of this imagery is not to teach that things on earth are inherently evil. Instead, the Christians are to live in a way that brings honor to God who lives in heaven, which is "above." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Colossians in the ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In Colossians, the context mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. So Colossians in the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 1:2, 12, 26) + +#### Was Jesus created, or is he eternal? #### + +Jesus is God, who became a human being. It was in this way that he joined the nature of God to the nature of humanity. Jesus was not a created being, but has always existed as God. There is potential for confusion in Colossians 1:15: " (Jesus) He is the firstborn of all creation" and "The Son has first place over everything that he has created." It is important that a translation not imply that Jesus is a created being; rather, he is the God-man, the person uniting the divine nature with human nature. + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Colossians? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The following are the most significant issues in the Book of Colossians: + +* "Grace to you and peace from God our Father" (1:2). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have a longer reading: "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." +* "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, a faithful servant of Christ for us" (1:7). Many versions, including the ULB and UDB, have this reading. However, other versions read "for you": "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, a faithful servant of Christ for you." If other versions exist in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. +* "the Father, who has qualified you for a share in the inheritance in light" (1:12). The ULB and UDB have this reading. However, some other versions have "the Father, who has qualified us for a share in the inheritance in light." If other versions exist in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. +* "In his Son we have redemption." (1:14) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read: "In his Son we have redemption through his blood." +* "and forgave us all of our trespasses" (2:13). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read: "and forgave you all of your trespasses." +* "When Christ appears, who is your life" (3:4). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read: "When Christ appears, who is our life." +* "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience." (3:6) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. However, other modern versions read, "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming." If other versions exist in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. +* "I sent him to you for this, that you might know the matters about us." (4:8) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read, "I sent him to you for this, that he might know the matters about you." + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/01.md b/dan/01/01.md index 77eeddf97a..0192b81c29 100644 --- a/dan/01/01.md +++ b/dan/01/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia ... gave Nebuchadnezzar -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] +This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar's soldiers ... them" or "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers ... them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# to cut off all supplies to it -* **Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia** - AT: "Nebuchadnezzar's soldiers" or "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **to cut off all supplies** - "to stop the people from receiving any supplies" -* **Jehoiakim king of Judah** - "the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah" -* **he gave him** - Jehoiakim gave Nebuchadnezzar -* **He brought...his god...he placed...his god's** - Nebuchadnezzar did these things for himself. +"to stop the people from receiving any supplies" + +# Jehoiakim king of Judah + +This refers to Jehoiakim and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. AT: "the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he gave him + +Jehoiakim gave Nebuchadnezzar + +# He brought ... he placed + +Although Nebuchadnezzar did not do these things alone, it may easier for the reader to retain the singular pronouns. AT: "They brought ... they placed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He brought them + +Here "them" probably refers to Jehoiakim and other prisoners, as well as the sacred objects. + +# in his god's treasury + +This was an act of devotion to his god. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/03.md b/dan/01/03.md index 4a84405345..5f21a2d8e0 100644 --- a/dan/01/03.md +++ b/dan/01/03.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# The king spoke -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:qualify]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This refers to Nebuchadnezzar. -## translationNotes +# Ashpenaz -* **Ashpenaz** - the chief official (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **nobility** - highest social class -* **without blemish** - "who appeared perfect" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **filled with knowledge and understanding** - who know much and can organize and use that information (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **king's palace** - where the king lives. -* **He was to teach them** - Ashpenaz was to teach them -* **delicacies** - special, rare, good foods -* **trained** - "taught skills" +This is the chief official. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# nobility + +This is the highest social class. + +# without blemish + +These two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. AT: "with perfect appearance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# filled with knowledge and understanding + +This is an idiom. This means they knew much and could organize and use that information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# king's palace + +This is the large house or building where the king lives. + +# He was to teach them + +"Ashpenaz was to teach them" + +# The king counted out for them + +The king's officials did this task for him. AT: "The king's officials counted out for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his delicacies + +the special, rare, good foods that the king ate + +# These young men were to be trained + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Ashpenaz was to train these young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# trained + +"taught skills" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/06.md b/dan/01/06.md index 7e61cc1584..aced8f2518 100644 --- a/dan/01/06.md +++ b/dan/01/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Among these -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +"Among the young men from Israel" -## translationNotes +# The chief official -* **The chief official** - This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar's highest official. -* **Beltesharrar ... Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar's highest official. + +# Belteshazzar ... Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego + +These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/08.md b/dan/01/08.md index 4bb3ae2e44..13c9d97e51 100644 --- a/dan/01/08.md +++ b/dan/01/08.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Daniel intended in his mind -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Here "mind" refers to Daniel himself. AT: "Daniel decided to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# pollute himself -* **delicacies** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:01:01]]. -* **The king might have my head** - AT: "The king might kill me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* review]] -* review]] ]] ]] -* review]] ]] +To "pollute" something is to make is unclean. Some of the food and drink of the Babylonians would make Daniel ceremonially unclean according to God's law. This can be made explicit. AT: "make himself unclean according to God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# delicacies + +This refers to the special, rare, good foods that the king ate. See how you translated this in [Daniel 1:3](./01.md). + +# Why should he see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age? + +The official uses this question to explain what he thought would happen. It can be a statement. AT: "He does not want to see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The king might have my head + +This is an idiom. AT: "The king might cut off my head" or "The king might kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/11.md b/dan/01/11.md index 7c7bcca10d..3362eb4b93 100644 --- a/dan/01/11.md +++ b/dan/01/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# compare our appearance with the appearance -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:test]] - -## translationNotes - -* **compare our appearance** - "compare what we look like" +Daniel asked the steward to see if he and his friends looked worse than the other young men. AT: "compare our appearance to see if it is worse than the appearance" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/14.md b/dan/01/14.md index 28e3633cc5..f8ae3073a5 100644 --- a/dan/01/14.md +++ b/dan/01/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# tested them ... their appearance ... they were ... their delicacies ... their wine -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +All of these pronouns refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. -## translationNotes +# nourished -* **their delicacies and their wine** - The word "their" refers to Daniel and his three friends. -* **nourished** - This means to have been made healthy from what you have eaten. +This means to have been made healthy from what you have eaten. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/17.md b/dan/01/17.md index eafbd1d4ed..a8785e2d2b 100644 --- a/dan/01/17.md +++ b/dan/01/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# God gave them knowledge and insight -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "knowledge" and "insight" can be expressed as the verbs "learn" and "understand." AT: "God gave them the ability to learn and understand clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# in all literature and wisdom -* **God gave them knowledge and insight in** - AT: "God gave them the ability to learn and understand clearly" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Here "all" is a generalization to show that they had a very good education and understanding. AT: "in many things that the Babylonians had written and studied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/19.md b/dan/01/19.md index 58649ddfef..cca718b77c 100644 --- a/dan/01/19.md +++ b/dan/01/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The king spoke with them -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:cyrus]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The king spoke with the "four young men" ([Daniel 1:17](./17.md)). -## translationNotes +# among the whole group there were none to compare with Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah -* **The king spoke with them** - The king spoke with the "four young men" ([[:en:bible:notes:dan:01:17]]). -* **among the whole group there were none to compare with Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah** - AT: "Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group did" -* **Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:01:06]]. -* **ten times better** - AT: "much better" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah + +These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6-7](./06.md). + +# ten times better + +Here "ten times" is an exaggeration representing great quality. AT: "much better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the first year of King Cyrus + +"the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/intro.md b/dan/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0ccca9ad68 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Daniel 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Training for government jobs ##### + +Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Food laws ##### + +The food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the king's food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Daniel intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/01.md b/dan/02/01.md index e4b64ceb15..fccf08a801 100644 --- a/dan/02/01.md +++ b/dan/02/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# In the second year -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:wisemen]] +"In year two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# he had dreams -* **In the second year** - "In year two" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_ordinal]]) -* **he had dreams** - Nebuchadnezzar had dreams. -* **Then the king summoned the magicians** - "Then the king called the magicians" -* **the dead** - "people who had died" -* **they came in** - "they came into the palace" -* **stood before** - "stood in front of" +"Nebuchadnezzar had dreams" + +# His mind was troubled + +Here "mind" refers to his thoughts. AT: "His thoughts disturbed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and he could not sleep + +His troubled thoughts prevented him from sleeping. AT: "so that he could not sleep" + +# Then the king summoned the magicians + +"Then the king called the magicians" + +# the dead + +"people who had died" + +# they came in + +"they came into the palace" + +# stood before + +"stood in front of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/03.md b/dan/02/03.md index 96318327df..3660e701b7 100644 --- a/dan/02/03.md +++ b/dan/02/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my mind is anxious -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wisemen]] +Here "mind" refers to the king himself. AT: "I am anxious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# anxious -* **anxious** - "troubled" -* **Aramaic ** - This is the language that people in Babylon spoke. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **King, live forever!** - The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. AT: "King, we hope you will live forever." -* **us, your servants** - The men called themselves the king's servants to show him respect. -* **we will reveal** - Here the word "we" refers to the men that the king is speaking to and does not include the king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) +"troubled" + +# Aramaic + +This is the language that people in Babylon spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# King, live forever! + +The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. AT: "King, we hope you will live forever!" + +# us, your servants + +The men called themselves the king's servants to show him respect. + +# we will reveal + +Here the word "we" refers to the men that the king is speaking to and does not include the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/05.md b/dan/02/05.md index e3c3cf1e40..b28f964bdf 100644 --- a/dan/02/05.md +++ b/dan/02/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This matter has been settled -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have already decided what to do about this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# your bodies will be torn apart and your houses made into rubbish heaps -* **into hills of dung** - "into dung piles" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will command my soldiers to tear your bodies apart and to make your houses into rubbish heaps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will receive gifts from me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give you gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/07.md b/dan/02/07.md index f2615543ed..b56fd008d3 100644 --- a/dan/02/07.md +++ b/dan/02/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the king tell us -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# you see how firm my decision is about this -* **there is only one sentence for you** - "there is only one punishment for you" -* **false and deceptive words** - "lies" or "lies and other things to deceive me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. AT: "you see that I will not change my decision about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is only one sentence for you + +"there is only one punishment for you" + +# false and deceptive words + +These two words mean approximately the same thing and emphasize that these are "lies intended to deceive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/10.md b/dan/02/10.md index 378700532c..7952e43570 100644 --- a/dan/02/10.md +++ b/dan/02/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# great and powerful -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:wisemen]] +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of the king's power. AT: "most powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# there is no one who can tell it to the king except the gods -* **great and powerful** - These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]). +This is stated in negative form for emphasis. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "only the gods can tell this to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/12.md b/dan/02/12.md index 4fe0c5886f..745c8db7be 100644 --- a/dan/02/12.md +++ b/dan/02/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# angry and very furious -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. AT: "incredibly angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# all those in Babylon -* **angry and very furious** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **all those in Babylon** - "all the men in Babylon" -* **So the decree went out** - AT: "So the king issued a command" or "So the king gave a command" -* **All those known for their wisdom were to be put to death** - AT: "The soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"all the men in Babylon" + +# So the decree went out + +The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. AT: "So the king issued a command" or "So the king gave a command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# all those who were known for their wisdom were to be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so they could be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in order to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/14.md b/dan/02/14.md index 4f0e10fbf5..caf1bed150 100644 --- a/dan/02/14.md +++ b/dan/02/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# prudence and discretion -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. AT: "caution and careful judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# Arioch -* **Arioch** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **prudence and discretion** - "caution and careful judgement." These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **bodyguard** - This is a group of people whose job is to protect the king. -* **who had come to kill** - "who the king had sent out to kill" -* **requested an appointment with the king** - "asked for a set time to meet with the king" +This is the name of the king's commander. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# bodyguard + +This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king. + +# who had come to kill + +"who the king had sent out to kill" + +# Daniel went in + +Daniel probably went to the palace. AT: "Daniel went to the palace" or "Daniel went to talk with the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# requested an appointment with the king + +"asked for a set time to meet with the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/17.md b/dan/02/17.md index 5c03dcff87..77d105237c 100644 --- a/dan/02/17.md +++ b/dan/02/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# his house -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hananiah]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mishael]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is referring to Daniel's house. -## translationNotes +# what had happened -* **his house** - This is Daniel's house. -* **what had happened** - AT: "about the king's decree" -* **He urged them to seek mercy** - "He begged them to pray for mercy" -* **so that he and they might not be killed** - AT: "so that the king would not kill them" or "so that the king's bodyguard would not kill them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"about the king's decree" + +# He urged them to seek mercy + +"He begged them to pray for mercy" + +# so that he and they might not be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the king would not kill them" or "so that the king's bodyguard would not kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/19.md b/dan/02/19.md index a0e9c83c1a..9e6284fc13 100644 --- a/dan/02/19.md +++ b/dan/02/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# That night the mystery was revealed -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "That night God revealed the mystery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the mystery -* **That night the secret was revealed** - AT: "That night God revealed the secret" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the secret** - "the secret of the king's dream" -* **Praise the name of God** - AT: "Praise God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is referring to the king's dream and its meaning. + +# Praise the name of God + +Here "name" refers to God himself. AT: "Praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/21.md b/dan/02/21.md index eeb1c53c6e..f67efa3efd 100644 --- a/dan/02/21.md +++ b/dan/02/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +These verses are also part of Daniel's prayer. -## translationNotes +# he removes kings -* These verses are also part of Daniel's prayer. -* **he removes kings** - AT: "he takes away kings' authority to rule" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **and places kings on their thrones** - The idea of kings being on their thrones refers to them ruling. AT: "and makes new kings rule over their kingdoms" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the light lives with him** - AT: "the light comes from where God is" +"he takes away kings' authority to rule" + +# places kings on their thrones + +Here being on the "throne" refers to ruling over a kingdom. AT: "makes new kings rule over their kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the light lives with him + +"the light comes from where God is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/23.md b/dan/02/23.md index 714615e2a5..9359d59505 100644 --- a/dan/02/23.md +++ b/dan/02/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This verse is also part of Daniel's prayer. He stops addressing God in the third person and switches to the more personal second person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# made known to me what we requested from you -* This verse is also part of Daniel's prayer. +"told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us" + +# made known to us the matter that concerns the king + +"told us what the king wants to know" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/24.md b/dan/02/24.md index bec56bda27..01a5bc15eb 100644 --- a/dan/02/24.md +++ b/dan/02/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Arioch -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is the name of the king's commander. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# everyone who was wise -* **Arioch** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:dan:02:14]]. -* **everyone who was wise** - "the wise men" +"the wise men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/25.md b/dan/02/25.md index 309a4e3fee..2423fd0f26 100644 --- a/dan/02/25.md +++ b/dan/02/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Belteshazzar -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Belteshazzar** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:dan:01:06]]. +This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/27.md b/dan/02/27.md index 80764004eb..65e9443fe3 100644 --- a/dan/02/27.md +++ b/dan/02/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The mystery that the king has asked about ... not by astrologers -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:learnedmen]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The mystery that the king has asked about -* **The mystery that the king ... and not astrologers** - AT: "Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery that the king has demanded. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The mystery that the king has demanded** - This phrase refers to the king's dream. +This phrase refers to the king's dream. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/29.md b/dan/02/29.md index d7d668f828..f716a4e1d4 100644 --- a/dan/02/29.md +++ b/dan/02/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Daniel continues talking to the king. -## translationNotes +# the one who reveals mysteries -* Daniel continues talking to the king. -* **the one who reveals secrets** - This phrase refers to God. AT: "God, who reveals mysteries" or "God, who makes secrets known" -* **This secret was revealed to me so that you** - AT: "He revealed the secret to me so that you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **deep within you** - AT: "deep inside your mind" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This phrase refers to God. AT: "God, who reveals mysteries" or "God, who makes mysteries known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this mystery was not revealed to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not reveal this mystery to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This mystery was revealed to me so that you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He revealed the mystery to me so that you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# know the thoughts deep within you + +This phrase is using the word "you" referring to the person's mind. AT: "know the thoughts deep inside your mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/31.md b/dan/02/31.md index 86e5be98c0..7a8e52706f 100644 --- a/dan/02/31.md +++ b/dan/02/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Daniel continues talking to the king. -## translationNotes +# was made of fine gold -* Daniel continues talking to the king. -* **was made of fine gold** - "was of fine gold" or "was fine gold" -* **were made partly of iron and partly of clay** - "were partly of iron and partly of clay" or "were partly iron and partly clay" +"was of fine gold" or "was fine gold" + +# were made partly of iron and partly of clay + +"were partly of iron and partly of clay" or "were partly iron and partly clay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/34.md b/dan/02/34.md index 1b115c8fa9..982404df26 100644 --- a/dan/02/34.md +++ b/dan/02/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Daniel continues talking to the king. -## translationNotes +# a stone was cut out, although not by human hands, and it -* Daniel continues talking to the king. -* **like the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer** - The pieces of the statue were small and light enough to be blown away by the wind. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **filled the whole earth** - "spread over the whole earth" +This can be stated in active form if it is divided into two sentences. AT: "someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# like the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer + +This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. AT: "like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# there was no trace of them left + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "they were completely gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# filled the whole earth + +"spread over the whole earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/36.md b/dan/02/36.md index ef923cdde3..65f5ac01a3 100644 --- a/dan/02/36.md +++ b/dan/02/36.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Daniel continues talking to the king. -## translationNotes +# Now we will tell the king -* Daniel continues talking to the king. -* **the power, the strength** - These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **He has given into your hand** - AT: "He has given you control." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the place where the human beings live** - The place is used to represent the people who live there. AT: "the people of the land." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He has given over the animals ... into your hand** - AT: "He has given you control over the animals of the fields and the birds of the heavens" -* **You are the statue's head of gold** - AT: "The golden head symbolizes you" or "The golden head is a symbol of you and your power" +Here "we" refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# king of the kings + +"the most important king" or "a king who rules over other kings" + +# the power, the strength + +These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# He has given into your hand the place + +Here "hand" refers to control. AT: "He has given you control over the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the place where the human beings live + +The place is used to represent the people who live there. AT: "the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He has given over the animals ... into your hand + +Here "hand" refers to control. AT: "He has given you control over the animals of the fields and the birds of the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# birds of the heavens + +Here "heavens" is used in the sense of "skies." + +# You are the statue's head of gold + +In the king's dream the statue's head represents the king. AT: "The golden head symbolizes you" or "The golden head is a symbol of you and your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/39.md b/dan/02/39.md index 9484f25613..97e26b6e95 100644 --- a/dan/02/39.md +++ b/dan/02/39.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Daniel continues talking to the king. -## translationNotes +# another kingdom will arise -* Daniel continues talking to the king. -* **another kingdom will arise** - AT: "another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise" or "another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **yet a third kingdom of bronze** - "yet kingdom number three, which is of bronze," or "then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_ordinal]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +In the king's dream his kingdom is gold so an inferior kingdom would be silver. AT: "another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise" or "another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# yet a third kingdom of bronze + +This is symbolic language where the bronze of parts of the statue represent a future kingdom. AT: "then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a third kingdom + +"kingdom number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/40.md b/dan/02/40.md index 54ed29a3f2..d53826b863 100644 --- a/dan/02/40.md +++ b/dan/02/40.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] +Daniel continues talking to the king. -## translationNotes +# There will be a fourth kingdom -* Daniel continues talking to the king. -* **There will be a fourth kingdom** - "There will be a kingdom number four" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_ordinal]]) +"There will be a kingdom number four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# strong as iron + +The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as strong as iron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# It will shatter all these things and crush them + +This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# all these things + +"the previous kingdoms" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/41.md b/dan/02/41.md index 12e04217cb..c6d3555296 100644 --- a/dan/02/41.md +++ b/dan/02/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Daniel continues talking to the king. -## translationNotes +# Just as you saw -* Daniel continues talking to the king. -* **Just as you saw** - Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet had been made of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet. -* **were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron** - AT: "were a mixture of baked clay and iron" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they will not hold together** - AT: "they will not be united" +Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet. + +# were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "were a mixture of baked clay and iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will not stay together + +"they will not remain united" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/44.md b/dan/02/44.md index 81824a0f13..18a5a699e2 100644 --- a/dan/02/44.md +++ b/dan/02/44.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Daniel continues talking to the king. -## translationNotes +# In the days of those kings -* Daniel continues talking to the king. -* **In the days of those kings** - The word "kings" refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue. -* **reliable** - trustworthy and correct +Here "those kings" refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue. + +# that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a stone was cut out of the mountain, but not by human hands + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# reliable + +trustworthy and correct \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/46.md b/dan/02/46.md index a8677d7942..5df3969206 100644 --- a/dan/02/46.md +++ b/dan/02/46.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# fell on his face -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. AT: "lay down with his face on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# an offering be made and that incense be offered up to him -* **fell on his face** - AT: "lay down with his face on the ground" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Truly your God** - "It is true that your God" -* **the one who reveals secrets** - See how you translated "the one who reveals secrets" in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:02:29]]. -* **to reveal this mystery** - "to reveal the mystery of my dream" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Truly your God + +"It is true that your God" + +# the God of gods, the Lord of kings + +"greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings" + +# the one who reveals mysteries + +Translate "the one who reveals mysteries" as in [Daniel 2:29](./29.md). + +# to reveal this mystery + +"to reveal the mystery of my dream" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/48.md b/dan/02/48.md index fbcc9537a0..c60acd68b3 100644 --- a/dan/02/48.md +++ b/dan/02/48.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He made him ruler -* [[en:tw:administration]] -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +"The king made Daniel the ruler" -## translationNotes +# Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego -* **Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:dan:01:06]]. -* **He made him ruler** - “The king made Daniel the ruler" +These were the Babylonian names of the three Jewish men who were brought to Babylon with Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/intro.md b/dan/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f9e8458738 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Daniel 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:20-23, which is a special prayer. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The king's dream ##### + +Daniel told the king's dream and what the dream meant. In the ancient Near East, it was believed that only people in touch with the gods could interpret dreams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +##### How Daniel knew the dream ##### + +Daniel gave Yahweh the honor for having told him the dream and its meaning in answer to the prayers of the four men. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/01.md b/dan/03/01.md index f75e8cc16f..bd9e15a6f4 100644 --- a/dan/03/01.md +++ b/dan/03/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Nebuchadnezzar made a gold statue ... He set it up -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:magistrate]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:province]] +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to make a gold statue ... They set it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# sixty cubits tall and six cubits wide -* **sixty cubits tall and six cubits wide** - “about 27 meters tall and almost three meters wide" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **Plain of Dura** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **provincial governors, regional governors, local governors​** - These are ranks of authority over different sizes of territory. -* **treasurers** - These officials are in charge of money. -* **the statue that he had set up** - AT: "the statue that Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to set up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 27 meters tall and almost 3 meters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# Plain of Dura + +This is a location within the kingdom of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# provincial governors ... regional governors ... local governors + +These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. + +# treasurers + +These officials are in charge of money. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/03.md b/dan/03/03.md index 23ae191b6f..1375104526 100644 --- a/dan/03/03.md +++ b/dan/03/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the provincial governors, regional governors, ... officials of the provinces -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:magistrate]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:province]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# the statue that Nebuchadnezzar had set up -* **the provincial governors, regional governors, ... officials of the provinces** - See how you translated this list in [[en:bible:notes:dan:03:01]]. -* **herald** - This person is an official messenger for the king. -* **You are commanded** - AT: "The king commands you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **zithers** - These are musical instruments similar to the harps. They are shaped like triangles and have four strings. -* **fall down and prostrate yourselves​** - This is an act of worship. -* **the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar has set up** - AT: "the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to set up." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the statue that Nebuchadnezzar's men had set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# herald + +This person is an official messenger for the king. + +# You are commanded + +This can be stated in active form. "The king commands you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# peoples, nations, and languages + +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. AT: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# zithers + +These are musical instruments similar to harps. They are shaped like triangles and have four strings. + +# fall down + +Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down" + +# prostrate yourselves to + +"stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/06.md b/dan/03/06.md index 328c975b14..4382392e02 100644 --- a/dan/03/06.md +++ b/dan/03/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever does not fall down and worship, at that very moment, will be thrown into a blazing furnace -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# fall down -* **Whoever does not fall down and worship, at that very moment, will be thrown into a blazing furnace** - AT: "The soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **blazing furnace** - This is a large room where people burn things. -* **the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music** - the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music See how you translated this list in [[en:bible:notes:dan:03:03]]. -* **the statue that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up** - AT: "the statue that Nebuchadnezzar the king had commanded his men to set up." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down" + +# blazing furnace + +This is a large room filled with a hot fire. + +# all the peoples, nations, and languages + +Here "all" that means all the people who were present. + +# peoples, nations, and languages + +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](./03.md). AT: "people from different nations and who spoke different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the horns, flutes ... and pipes + +These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in [Daniel 3:5](./03.md). + +# fell down + +Here "fell down" means "quickly lay down" + +# prostrated themselves to + +They did this to worship the statue. AT: "stretched themselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the golden statue that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up + +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar's men had set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/08.md b/dan/03/08.md index 25a2ffede2..af7a40873e 100644 --- a/dan/03/08.md +++ b/dan/03/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This word is used to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about some new people in the story. -## translationNotes +# King, live forever -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells about some new people in the story. -* **King live forever!** - This was a common greeting to the king. -* **the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music** - the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music See how you translated this list in [[en:bible:notes:dan:03:03]]. +This was a common greeting to the king. + +# the horns, flutes ... and pipes + +These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in [Daniel 3:5](./03.md). + +# fall down + +Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down" + +# prostrate himself to + +The people would do this to worship the statue. AT: "stretch himself out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/11.md b/dan/03/11.md index 3a5d65310a..718da856e7 100644 --- a/dan/03/11.md +++ b/dan/03/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever does not fall down and worship must be thrown into a blazing furnace -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:province]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Soldiers must throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# fall down -* **Whoever does not fall down and worship must be thrown into a blazing furnace** - AT: “Soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship.” (See: [[(en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **blazing furnace** - This is a large room where people burn things. -* **affairs** - matters or business -* **pay no attention to you** - "do not pay attention to you" -* **Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:dan:01:06]]. +Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down" + +# blazing furnace + +This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](./06.md). + +# affairs + +"matters" or "business" + +# Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego + +These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md). + +# pay no attention to you + +"do not pay attention to you" + +# prostrate themselves + +They would do this to worship the statue. AT: "stretch themselves out on the ground face down in worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the golden statue you have set up + +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the golden statue your men have set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/13.md b/dan/03/13.md index b885960e29..1f4b1a96c0 100644 --- a/dan/03/13.md +++ b/dan/03/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# filled with anger and rage -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Nebuchadnezzar's anger and rage were so intense that they are spoken of as if they had filled him up. Here "anger" and "rage" mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how upset the king was. AT: "extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego -* **Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:dan:01:06]]. -* **Have you made your minds up** - AT: "Have you firmly decided"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md). + +# Have you made your minds up + +Here "mind" refers to deciding. To "make up your mind" is an idiom that means to firmly decide. AT: "Have you firmly decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# prostrate yourselves to + +The three men would not do this to worship the statue. AT: "stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the golden statue that I have set up + +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the golden statue that my men have set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/15.md b/dan/03/15.md index e293a24269..19f36d6bf8 100644 --- a/dan/03/15.md +++ b/dan/03/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the horns, flutes ... and pipes -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +These are musical instruments. See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:5](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# fall down -* **the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music** - the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music See how you translated this list in [[en:bible:notes:dan:03:03]]. -* **all will be well** - AT: "there will no longer be a problem" or "you will be free to go" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **blazing furnace** - This is a large room where people burn things. -* **Who is the god ... my hands?** - The king does not expect an answer. He is threatening the three men. AT: "No god will be able to rescue you from my power." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace.** - "my soldiers will immediately throw you into the blazing fire." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down" + +# prostrate yourselves to + +stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# all will be well + +"there will no longer be a problem" or "you will be free to go" + +# the statue that I have made + +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the statue that my men have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blazing furnace + +This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](./06.md). + +# Who is the god ... my hands? + +The king does not expect an answer. He is threatening the three men. AT: "No god is able to rescue you from my power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# out of my hands + +Here "hands" refers to power to punish. AT: "from my punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/16.md b/dan/03/16.md index e9e778c9ad..e6ef6292ea 100644 --- a/dan/03/16.md +++ b/dan/03/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# blazing furnace -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](./06.md). -## translationNotes +# out of your hand -* **Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need** - Here the three men are calling the king my his first name. AT: "King Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need" -* **But if not, let it be known to you, king** - "But king, you must know, that even if our God does not rescue us" -* **to the golden statue you set up** - "to the golden statue your men set up"; (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here "hand" refers to power to punish. AT: "from your punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But if not, let it be known to you, king, that + +"But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us" + +# prostrate ourselves to + +People would do this to worship their gods. AT: "stretch ourselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the golden statue you set up + +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the golden statue your men set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/19.md b/dan/03/19.md index 5933505d2a..e6e857ff1e 100644 --- a/dan/03/19.md +++ b/dan/03/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Nebuchadnezzar was filled with rage -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] +The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He commanded that the furnace should be heated seven times hotter than it was normally heated -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Here "seven times hotter" is an idiom that means to make it very much hotter. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/21.md b/dan/03/21.md index 9254eb7ffd..025e1ca296 100644 --- a/dan/03/21.md +++ b/dan/03/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# turbans -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +A turban is a head covering made of wrapped cloth. -## translationNotes +# blazing furnace -* **turbans** - A turban is a head covering made of wrapped cloth. -* **Because the king's commands were strictly followed** - AT: "Because the men followed the king's commands quickly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](./06.md). + +# Because the king's command was strictly followed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because the men did exactly what the king commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/24.md b/dan/03/24.md index 5bee4f68b6..7166b478a4 100644 --- a/dan/03/24.md +++ b/dan/03/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Did we not throw three men tied up into the fire -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] +"We threw three men tied up into the fire, right" -## translationNotes +# The brilliance of the fourth is like a son of the gods -* **Did we not throw three men tip up into the fire?** - "We threw three men tied up into the fire, right?" -* **The brilliance of the fourt​h is** - "Man four is giving off a very bright light." -* **like a son of the gods** - The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. +The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. AT: "Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/26.md b/dan/03/26.md index b9cd551737..2d229fbbcd 100644 --- a/dan/03/26.md +++ b/dan/03/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The provincial governors, regional governors, other governors -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:province]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# the hair on their heads was not singed -* **the provincial governors, regional governors, other governors** - See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:Dan:03:01]]. -* **the hair on their heads was not singed** - AT: "The fire had not singed the hair on their heads" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **singed** - to be lightly burned -* **their robes were not harmed** - AT: "the fire did not harm their robes" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the fire had not singed the hair on their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# singed + +"lightly burned" + +# their robes were not harmed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the fire did not harm their robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there was no smell of fire on them + +"they did not smell like fire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/28.md b/dan/03/28.md index fef580fa54..6e52ec3f70 100644 --- a/dan/03/28.md +++ b/dan/03/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they set aside my command -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Not obeying the king's command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. AT: "they ignored my command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they gave up their bodies -* **they set aside my command,** - "they ignored my command" -* **they gave up their bodies** - AT: "they were willing to die" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **prostrate themselves** - This phrase means to lie on the ground, face down, in worship. -* **to any god except their God** - "to any other god except their God" +This phrase refers to the three men's willingness to die for what they believed. AT: "they were willing to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# prostrate themselves to + +People would do this to worship their gods. AT: "stretch themselves out on the ground face down in honor of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# any god except their God + +"any other god except their God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/29.md b/dan/03/29.md index 01b3f3bb5f..0cb4774191 100644 --- a/dan/03/29.md +++ b/dan/03/29.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# any people, nation, or language ... must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into rubbish heaps -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:province]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language ... and make their houses into piles of garbage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# any people, nation, or language that speaks -* **any people, nation, or language ... must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into hills of sewage** - AT: "My servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language ... and make their houses into hills of sewage" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **speaks anything against the God** - "speaks words that do not respect the God" -* **must be torn apart** - "must have their bodies torn apart" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **hills of sewage** - "dung piles" +Here "nations" and "language" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 3:4](./03.md). AT: "any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# speaks anything against the God + +"speaks words that do not respect the God" + +# must be torn apart + +"must have their bodies torn apart" + +# there is no other god who is able to save like this + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "only their God is able to save like this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/intro.md b/dan/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20cfcbe8ad --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Daniel 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The king's new idol ##### + +Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to worship the new idol. In the ancient Near East, refusing to worship the king was a sign of rebellion against the king. It was often considered the crime of treason. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +##### The furnace ##### + +There was a fourth person with them in the furnace, and because of this they were not hurt. Most scholars believe this to be Jesus before he was born. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/01.md b/dan/04/01.md index 233bf3512a..73b1f5131e 100644 --- a/dan/04/01.md +++ b/dan/04/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +In this chapter, Nebuchadnezzar tells what God did to him. In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. Verses 19-33 switch to the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. Verses 34-37 change back to first person as Nebuchadnezzar describes his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# King Nebuchadnezzar sent -* **King Nebuchadnezzar sent** - AT: "Nebuchadnezzar sent his messengers with" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **all peoples, nations, and languages** - "all peoples of every nation and language" -* **who lived on the earth** - Often kings will generate how wide their kingdom is. Nebuchadnezzar did though rule over most of the known world at time this book was written. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **May your peace increase** - This is a common greeting. -* **signs and wonders** - Both of these words have the same meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **How great are his signs, and how mighty are his wonders!** - Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are used to emphasize how great God's signs and wonders are. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **His kingdom is ... generation to generation** - Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are repeated to emphasize how God's reign is forever. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This phrase is referring to the king's messenger as the king himself. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar sent his messengers with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# peoples, nations, and languages + +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/03.md). AT: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who lived on the earth + +Kings would often exaggerate how wide their kingdom was. Nebuchadnezzar did rule over most of the known world at the time this book was written. AT: "who lived in the kingdom of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# May your peace increase + +This is a common greeting. + +# signs and wonders + +These words share similar meanings and refer to the amazing things that God had done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# How great are his signs, and how mighty are his wonders! + +Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are used to emphasize how great God's signs and wonders are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# His kingdom is ... generation to generation + +Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are repeated to emphasize how God's reign is forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/04.md b/dan/04/04.md index 5c1d88fb7b..25e087ffc3 100644 --- a/dan/04/04.md +++ b/dan/04/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# was living happily ... was enjoying prosperity -* **I was living happily ... in my palace** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **But a dream I had ... my mind troubled me** - Both "dream" and "visions" are parallel because they mean the same thing. Also, "afraid" and "troubled me" are parallel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **all the men of Babylon who had wisdom​** - "all the wise men of Babylon" +These two phrases are parallel and mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my house ... my palace + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# a dream ... the images ... the visions + +These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# made me afraid ... troubled me + +These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# all the men of Babylon who had wisdom + +"all the wise men of Babylon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/07.md b/dan/04/07.md index f4927c8bc8..c9ef917f72 100644 --- a/dan/04/07.md +++ b/dan/04/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:learnedmen]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# who is named Belteshazzar -* **who is named Belteshazzar** - AT: "who I named Belteshazzar"; (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Belteshazzar** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:dan:01:06]]. -* **I know that the spirit of the holy gods is in you** - Nebuchadnezzar says this to Daniel because he believes that Daniel's power comes from the false god's that Nebuchadnezzar worships. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who I named Belteshazzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Belteshazzar + +This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md). + +# the spirit of the holy gods + +Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. + +# no mystery is too difficult for you + +The can be stated in positive form. AT: "you understand the meaning of every mystery" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/10.md b/dan/04/10.md index c4256a2c63..f6c371d788 100644 --- a/dan/04/10.md +++ b/dan/04/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# sights -* **sights** - things that you see -* **its fruit was abundant** - "there was a lot of fruit on the tree" -* **was food for all** - "was food for all people and animals" +things that you see + +# its height was very great + +"it was very tall" + +# Its top reached to the heavens ... it could be seen to the ends of the whole earth + +This is symbolic language that exaggerates how tall and how well-known the tree was. AT: "It seemed that its top reached up to the sky and that everyone in the world could see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# its fruit was abundant + +"there was a lot of fruit on the tree" + +# was food for all + +"was food for all people and animals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/13.md b/dan/04/13.md index deea68f27b..8dcad8f362 100644 --- a/dan/04/13.md +++ b/dan/04/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# I saw in my mind -* **He shouted and said** - It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. AT: "He shouted to some people and said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Let the animals flee ... from its branches** - AT: "The animals will be free to flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches" +This refers to seeing a dream or vision. AT: "I saw in my dream" + +# He shouted and said + +It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. AT: "He shouted to some people and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let the animals flee ... from its branches + +"The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/15.md b/dan/04/15.md index 3f4210bb4d..087b2584f0 100644 --- a/dan/04/15.md +++ b/dan/04/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The holy messenger in the vision continues shouting to some people. -* **brass** - This is a shiny yellow metal that is made of tin and zinc. -* **stump of its roots** - This is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down. -* **dew** - the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings -* **Let his mind be changed ... seven years pass by** - AT: "The man's mind will change from an man's mind to an animal's mind for a period of 7 years" +The holy messenger in the vision continues shouting to some people. + +# stump of its roots + +This is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down. + +# dew + +the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings + +# Let his mind be changed ... seven years pass by + +Since the tree represents Nebuchadnezzar, the masculine pronouns "his" and "him" in verse 16 refer to the same tree as the neuter pronoun "it" in verse 15. AT: "The man's mind will change from a man's mind to an animal's mind for a period of seven years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/17.md b/dan/04/17.md index e649270ca0..a49c9a34f0 100644 --- a/dan/04/17.md +++ b/dan/04/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# It is a decision made by the holy ones -* **It is a decision made by the holy ones** - AT: "The holy angels have made this decision" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Belteshazzar** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:dan:01:06]]. -* **the spirit of the holy gods** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:dan:04:07]]. -* **you are able to do so** - "you are able to interpret it" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The holy ones have made this decision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the holy ones + +This phrase probably refers to angels. AT: "the holy angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who are alive + +"every living person" or "everyone" + +# gives them + +"gives the kingdoms" + +# Belteshazzar + +This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md). + +# you are able to do so + +"you are able to interpret it" + +# the spirit of the holy gods + +Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. These are not the same as "the holy ones" in verse 17. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/19.md b/dan/04/19.md index 56202f3ef2..8f9b03e51a 100644 --- a/dan/04/19.md +++ b/dan/04/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# who was also named Belteshazzar -* **who was also named Belteshazzar** - AT: "who I also named Belteshazzar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who I also named Belteshazzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was greatly upset for a while, and his thoughts alarmed him + +Daniel's understanding of the meaning of the vision is what alarmed him. This can be explicitly stated. AT: "did not say anything for some time because he was very worried about the meaning of the dream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# may the dream be for those who hate you; may its interpretation be for your enemies + +Daniel is expressing his wish that the dream was not about Nebuchadnezzar, even though he knew that it really was about the king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/20.md b/dan/04/20.md index 232f90c87b..fb97c51e2c 100644 --- a/dan/04/20.md +++ b/dan/04/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **this tree is you, king** - "this tree represents you, king," -* **abundant** - "very plentiful" -* **Your greatness has grown ... your authority reaches ... ** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Your greatness has grown** - AT: "your greatness has increased and is known from here to the heavens" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Many terms in these verses are almost the same as [Daniel 4:10-12](./10.md). See how you translated those verses. + +# abundant + +"very plentiful" + +# this tree is you, king + +"this tree represents you, king" + +# Your greatness has grown ... your authority reaches + +These two phrases mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Your greatness has grown + +This phrase is using the word "grown" as a way of saying the king's greatness has increased. AT: "Your greatness has increased" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to the heavens ... to the ends of the earth + +These phrases are exaggerations to emphasize that everyone everywhere knew how great Nebuchadnezzar was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/23.md b/dan/04/23.md index cac800cdcf..3ec0a0ef00 100644 --- a/dan/04/23.md +++ b/dan/04/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **the stump of its roots** - This is the part of the tree that is left above ground after a tree is cut down. -* **dew** - the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings +This verse is almost the same as [Daniel 4:13-14](./13.md) and [Daniel 4:15-16](./15.md). See how you translated those verses. + +# the stump of its roots + +This is the part of the tree that is left above ground after a tree is cut down. + +# in the middle of the tender grass of the field + +"surrounded by the tender grass of the field" + +# dew + +the moisture that settles on the ground in the mornings \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/24.md b/dan/04/24.md index c52540b910..7524d5ee75 100644 --- a/dan/04/24.md +++ b/dan/04/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Many terms in these verses are almost the same as [Daniel 4:15-16](./15.md). See how you translated those verses. + +# that has reached you + +"that you have heard" + +# You will be driven from among men + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Men will drive you away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will be made to eat grass + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will eat grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/26.md b/dan/04/26.md index 783a65f176..45b6507d2e 100644 --- a/dan/04/26.md +++ b/dan/04/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# heaven rules -* **that heaven rules** - AT: "that God is the ruler of all." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* ** it may be that your prosperity will be extended** - AT:"God may extend your prosperity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "heaven" refers to God who lives in heaven. AT: "God in heaven is the ruler of all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let my advice be acceptable to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "please accept my advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Turn away from your iniquities + +Here rejecting iniquity is spoken of as turning away from it. AT: "Reject your iniquities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the oppressed + +This nominal adjective refers to people who are oppressed. AT: "people who are oppressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# it may be that your prosperity will be extended + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God may extend your prosperity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/28.md b/dan/04/28.md index 9d3dfc6676..4991c9e014 100644 --- a/dan/04/28.md +++ b/dan/04/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:time]] +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# All these things ... in Babylon -* **twelve months** - "12 months" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The information in [Daniel 4:28-29](./28.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# Twelve months + +"12 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Is this not the great Babylon ... for the glory of my majesty? + +Nebuchadnezzar asks this question to emphasize his own glory. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is the great Babylon ... for the glory of my majesty!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# for the glory of my majesty + +"to show people my honor and my greatness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/31.md b/dan/04/31.md index b694a32713..2dbcd95870 100644 --- a/dan/04/31.md +++ b/dan/04/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# While the words were still on the lips of the king -* **While the king was still saying this** - "While the king was still speaking" -* **King Nebuchadnezzar ... no longer belongs to you** - AT: "King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **anyone he wishes** - "anyone he chooses" +This idiom means the king was still in the act of speaking. AT: "While the king was still speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a voice came from heaven + +"he heard a voice from heaven" + +# King Nebuchadnezzar ... has been taken away from you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will be driven away from people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will chase you away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# anyone he wishes + +"whoever he chooses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/33.md b/dan/04/33.md index 0ec7d153af..2f24ace343 100644 --- a/dan/04/33.md +++ b/dan/04/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately -* **This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately** - AT: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He was driven away from people** - AT: "His advisers drove him away from the other" or "His advisers sent him away from the other people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his nails became like birds' claws** - AT: "His fingernails looked like birds' claws." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He was driven away from people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People chased him away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his nails became like birds' claws + +"his fingernails looked like birds' claws" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/34.md b/dan/04/34.md index 006364fb34..c75a582763 100644 --- a/dan/04/34.md +++ b/dan/04/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# At the end of the days -* **and my sanity was given back to me** - AT: “and my sanity came back to me” or "I became sane again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I praised ... and I honored ...** - The two phrases refer to the same action. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For his reign is ... and his kingdom endures ...** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasis how God's reign never ends. AT: "He rules forever. His kingdom will never end." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This refers back to the seven years in [Daniel 4:32](./31.md). + +# my sanity was given back to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my sanity came back to me" or "I became sane again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I praised ... and I honored + +The two phrases refer to the same action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For his reign is an everlasting reign ... his kingdom endures from all generations to all generations + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize how God's reign never ends. AT: "He rules forever and his kingdom will never end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/35.md b/dan/04/35.md index 1da41ad836..3b8091e52e 100644 --- a/dan/04/35.md +++ b/dan/04/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# All the earth's inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing -* **All the earth's inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing** - AT: "He considers all the earth's inhabitants as nothing;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **suits his will** - "satisfies his purpose" or "he wants" (UDB) -* **No one can stop him** - AT: "No one can stop him from doing what he decides to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He considers all the earth's inhabitants as nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All the earth's inhabitants + +"All the people on the earth" + +# the army of heaven + +"the angel armies in heaven" + +# whatever suits his will + +"whatever satisfies his purpose" or "anything he wants to do" + +# No one can stop him + +It may be helpful to add additional detail. AT: "When he decides to do something, no one can stop him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# No one can say to him, 'Why have you done this?' + +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "No one can question what he does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/36.md b/dan/04/36.md index 0ab615b79a..12676b7f6a 100644 --- a/dan/04/36.md +++ b/dan/04/36.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# my sanity returned to me -* **majesty and splendor** - Both of these words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **I was brought ... greatness was given to me.** - AT: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my noblemen sought my favor** - "my noblemen requested my counsel again" -* **praise, extol, and honor** - All three of these words have basically the same meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **who walk in their own pride** - AT: "who are proud." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here his sanity is spoken of as if it was able to return by its own power. AT: "I became sane again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# my majesty and splendor returned to me + +Here his majesty and splendor are spoken of as if they were able to return by their own power. AT: "I regained my majesty and my splendor again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# majesty and splendor + +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my noblemen sought my favor + +"my noblemen requested my help again" + +# I was brought ... greatness was given to me + +Here "throne" refers to his authority to rule. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# praise, extol, and honor + +All three of these words have basically the same meaning and emphasize how greatly he praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# who walk in their own pride + +This phrase uses "walk" to refer to the person who acts proud. AT: "who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/intro.md b/dan/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3d2a893e4b --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Daniel 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:3, 34-35, which are poetic. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The king becomes insane ##### + +The king became insane until he realized that Yahweh was the ruler over everyone, including him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/01.md b/dan/05/01.md index 3b057c4c0f..d96f3f58d6 100644 --- a/dan/05/01.md +++ b/dan/05/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Belshazzar -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# for a thousand -* **Belshazzar** - This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **for a thousand** - "for 1,000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **he drank wine in front of** - "he drank wine in the presence of" -* **the containers made of gold or silver** - AT: "the containers that the Israelites had made of gold or sliver" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken** - AT: "the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"for 1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# he drank wine in front of + +"he drank wine in the presence of" + +# the containers made of gold or silver + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# containers + +These were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and to drink from them. + +# Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken + +Here "Nebuchadnezzar" refers to Nebuchadnezzar's army. AT: "his father Nebuchadnezzar's army" or "the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/03.md b/dan/05/03.md index 4f9f67232a..bc0b582f69 100644 --- a/dan/05/03.md +++ b/dan/05/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the temple, the house of God -* **the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple** - AT: "the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **out of the temple, the house of God** - The phrase "the house of God" tells us something more about the temple. AT: "out of God's temple" +"out of God's temple." The phrase "the house of God" tells us something more about the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/05.md b/dan/05/05.md index 284ed368e2..6926025ad8 100644 --- a/dan/05/05.md +++ b/dan/05/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# At that moment -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] +"As soon as they did that" or "Suddenly" -## translationNotes +# plaster -* **plaster** - a paste that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries +cement or mud that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries + +# the king's face changed + +"his face became pale." This was caused by his fear. + +# his limbs + +"his legs" + +# his knees were knocking together + +This was the result of his extreme fear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/07.md b/dan/05/07.md index 24dfd18f99..10e0e9d688 100644 --- a/dan/05/07.md +++ b/dan/05/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# those known for their wisdom in Babylon -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:learnedmen]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This refers back to those who claimed to speak with the dead, the wise men, and the astrologers. -## translationNotes +# Whoever explains this writing and its meaning will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck -* **those known for their wisdom in Babylon** - This refers to those who speak with the dead, the wise men, and the astrologers. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# clothed with purple + +Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. AT: "dressed in royal clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the third highest ruler + +"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/08.md b/dan/05/08.md index 79794cc92b..b317d75cef 100644 --- a/dan/05/08.md +++ b/dan/05/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Belshazzar -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the look on his face changed -* **Belshazzar** - See how you wrote this name in [[en:bible:notes:dan:05:01]] -* **perplexed** - "confused" +"his face became even more pale." The face of the king grew even more pale than in [Daniel 5:6](./05.md). + +# perplexed + +"confused" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/10.md b/dan/05/10.md index 70566fbecf..cd519d530e 100644 --- a/dan/05/10.md +++ b/dan/05/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the queen -* [[en:tw:banquet]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Some modern versions understand this to be a reference to the queen mother, that is, to the king's mother. The queen mother received much honor in ancient Babylon. -## translationNotes +# King, live forever! -* There are no translation notes for this verse. +This was a normal way to greet the king. + +# Do not let the look on your face change + +"There is no need for your face to look so pale" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/11.md b/dan/05/11.md index 9a7c7489a7..1ffe60c39f 100644 --- a/dan/05/11.md +++ b/dan/05/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the spirit of the holy gods -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:learnedmen]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The queen believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/07.md). -## translationNotes +# In the days of your father -* **the spirit of the holy gods** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:dan:04:07]]. -* **these qualities were found in the very Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar** - AT: "This same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **what has been written** - "what has been written on the wall" +"When your father was ruling" + +# light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king + +"Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar" + +# these qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what has been written + +"what has been written on the wall." This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the hand wrote on the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/13.md b/dan/05/13.md index d214835ed6..7ab4860700 100644 --- a/dan/05/13.md +++ b/dan/05/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Daniel was brought before the king -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then they brought Daniel before the king" or "Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# whom my father the king brought out of Judah -* **Then Daniel was brought before the king** - AT: "Then they brought Daniel before the king" or "Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **whom my father the king brought out of Judah** - AT: "whom my father's soldiers brought out of Judah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +In this phrase "father" is being used to represent all of the soldiers. AT: "whom my father's soldiers brought out of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the spirit of the gods + +Belshazzar believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/07.md). + +# light and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/15.md b/dan/05/15.md index a84e215d5c..665d06bf88 100644 --- a/dan/05/15.md +++ b/dan/05/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now the men known ... have been brought in before me -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:purple]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Now the men known ... have come in before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# make known to me -* **third highest ruler** - "ruler three" +"tell me" + +# you will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# clothed with purple + +Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. AT: "dressed in royal clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the third highest ruler + +"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/17.md b/dan/05/17.md index 053d2de95b..f95216c8b8 100644 --- a/dan/05/17.md +++ b/dan/05/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Let your gifts be for yourself, and -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"I do not want your gifts, so" -## translationNotes +# all peoples, nations, and languages -* **all people, nations and languages** - AT: "a great number of people, of different nations and languages" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **trembled and feared** - AT: "were very afraid of him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **He put to death those he wanted to die** - AT: "Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This phrase uses the word "all" as a generalization that represents a large number. AT: "a great number of people, of different nations and languages," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# peoples, nations, and languages + +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/03.md). AT: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# trembled and feared him + +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the fear. AT: "were very afraid of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# He put to death those he wanted to die + +This phrase does not mean King Nebuchadnezzar put people to death himself, but rather those he commanded. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He raised up those he wanted + +"He raised up those he wanted to raise up" + +# wanted ... wished + +These words here mean the same thing. + +# he humbled those he wished + +"he humbled those he wished to humble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/20.md b/dan/05/20.md index 187ff18d7b..518b01cf47 100644 --- a/dan/05/20.md +++ b/dan/05/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# his heart was arrogant -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Here "heart" refers to the king himself. AT: "the king was arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# his spirit was hardened -* **he was brought down from his kingly throne** - AT: "The people took away his kingdom." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **presumptuously** - rudely and overly confident -* **He was driven away from humanity** - AT: "They sent him away from all the people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **dew** - the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings +Here "spirit" refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. AT: "the king became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# presumptuously + +rudely and overly confident + +# he was brought down from his kingly throne + +Here "throne" refers to his authority to rule. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people took away his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He was driven away from humanity + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people chased him away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he had the mind of an animal + +Here "mind" represents his thoughts. AT: "he thought as an animal thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dew + +the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings + +# anyone he wishes + +"whomever he chooses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/22.md b/dan/05/22.md index 6a594ef9ff..c9f428fa0b 100644 --- a/dan/05/22.md +++ b/dan/05/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Belshazzar -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# have not humbled your heart -* **Belshazzar** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:dan:05:01]] -* **From his house** - "From his temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **God who holds your breath in his hand** - AT: "God who gives you breath" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] +Here "heart" refers to Belshazzar himself. AT: "have not humbled yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You have lifted yourself up against the Lord + +To rebel against God is spoken of as raising oneself up against him. AT: "You have rebelled against the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# From his house + +What and where "his house" is can be stated clearly. AT: "From his temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# God who holds your breath in his hand + +Here "breath" refers to life and "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "God who gives you breath" or "God who has control over your entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all your ways + +"everything you do" + +# this writing was done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it wrote this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/25.md b/dan/05/25.md index dbd370386f..af5416202d 100644 --- a/dan/05/25.md +++ b/dan/05/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the writing that was done -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is the message that the hand wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Pharsin -* **MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN** - Spell these words as much like this as will fit with the sounds of your language. They are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. -* **you are weighed in the scales and found lacking** - Judging the king and his worthiness to rule is spoken of as weighing him. AT: "God has weighed your worthiness to rule, and he has found that it is not enough." This means that the king is not worthy to rule. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# 'Mene,' 'God has numbered + +"'Mene' means 'God has numbered" + +# 'Tekel,' 'you are weighed + +"'Tekel' means 'you are weighed" + +# 'Peres,' 'your kingdom + +"'Peres' means 'your kingdom." + +# Peres + +This is the singular form of "Pharsin" in 5:25. + +# you are weighed in the scales and are found lacking + +Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/29.md b/dan/05/29.md index 5c593a7fb4..e5e1673514 100644 --- a/dan/05/29.md +++ b/dan/05/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Belshazzar -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:darius]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:purple]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# A chain of gold was put around his neck -* **the third highest ruler** - "ruler 3" -* **when he was about sixty-two years old** - two years old** - "when he was about 62 years old" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They put a chain of gold around his neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the third highest ruler + +"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# received the kingdom + +"became the ruler of the kingdom" + +# when he was about sixty-two years old + +"when he was about 62 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/intro.md b/dan/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7d054e18e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Daniel 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The writing on the wall ##### + +God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin ##### +These are names in Aramaic. Daniel does not "translate" these names into Hebrew but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Hebrew. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated these names either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/01.md b/dan/06/01.md index fb8f7b988b..379e6bc4f7 100644 --- a/dan/06/01.md +++ b/dan/06/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Daniel]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:darius]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +The events in this chapter take place after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and Darius the Mede began to rule in Babylon. -## translationNotes +# It pleased Darius -* **120 provincial governors** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Over them** - The word "them" refers to the provincial governors. -* **so that the king should suffer no loss** - "so that nothing should be stolen from the king" or "so that no one would steal anything from the king" -* **was distinguished above** - "excelled above" or "was more capable than" -* **extraordinary** - "impressive" or "excellent" -* **to put him over** - "to give him authority over" or "to put him in charge of" +"King Darius decided" + +# 120 provincial governors + +"one hundred and twenty provincial governors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Over them + +The word "them" refers to the 120 provincial governors. + +# so that the king should suffer no loss + +"so that nothing should be stolen from the king" or "so that no one would steal anything from the king" + +# was distinguished above + +"excelled above" or "was more capable than" + +# he had an extraordinary spirit + +Here "spirit" refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. AT: "he was and exceptional person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# extraordinary + +"impressive" or "excellent" + +# to put him over + +"to give him authority over" or "to put him in charge of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/04.md b/dan/06/04.md index 1048bc9b5f..f84e1b1295 100644 --- a/dan/06/04.md +++ b/dan/06/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors ... for the kingdom -* [[en:tw:Daniel]] -* [[en:tw:administration]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:province]] +The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. AT: "Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# No mistakes or negligence was found in him -* **No mistakes or negligence was found in him** - AT: "They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **negligence** - overly looking your responsibilities -* **to complain against this Daniel** - "to complain about Daniel" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# negligence + +overly looking your responsibilities + +# to complain against this Daniel + +"to complain about Daniel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/06.md b/dan/06/06.md index 18f6d49c09..cd12a4f12e 100644 --- a/dan/06/06.md +++ b/dan/06/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# brought a plan before the king -* [[en:tw:Darius]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] +"presented a plan to the king" -## translationNotes +# may you live forever! -* **brought a plan before the king** - "presented a plan to the king" -* **for thirty days** - "for 30 days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **whoever makes a petition** - “whoever makes a request” -* **that person must be thrown into the den of lions** - AT: "your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This was a normal way to greet a king. + +# for thirty days + +"for 30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# whoever makes a petition + +"whoever makes a request" + +# that person must be thrown into the den of lions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# den of lions + +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/08.md b/dan/06/08.md index b7ff5fb0d3..4eb9bef1f2 100644 --- a/dan/06/08.md +++ b/dan/06/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Darius]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] +In verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king. -## translationNotes +# as directed by the laws -* **as directed by the laws** - "according to the laws" -* **cannot be repealed** - "cannot be canceled" -* **making the decree into a law** - "making the order into a law" +"according to the laws" + +# cannot be repealed + +"cannot be canceled" + +# making the decree into a law + +"making the order into a law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/10.md b/dan/06/10.md index f150f77110..6bc7620134 100644 --- a/dan/06/10.md +++ b/dan/06/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When Daniel learned that the document had been signed into law -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +It is important to the story to state clearly that Daniel knew about the new law before he prayed to God. -## translationNotes +# now his windows were open in his upper room toward Jerusalem -* **gave thanks before his God** - "gave thanks to his God" -* **plot** - a plan with evil intent +This is background information that explains how Daniel's enemies knew he was praying to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# gave thanks before his God + +"gave thanks to his God" + +# plot + +a plan with evil intent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/12.md b/dan/06/12.md index e9dc308c2e..29c79d8f6d 100644 --- a/dan/06/12.md +++ b/dan/06/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Did you not make a decree ... lions? -* [[en:tw:Mede]] -* [[en:tw:Persia]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] +They asked this question to make the king confirm that he had made the decree. -## translationNotes +# who makes a petition -* **Did you not make a decree ... ?** - They asked this question to verify and check to see how serious the king was about the decree that he had made. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **as directed by the law** - "according to the law" -* **who makes a petition** - "who makes a request" +"who makes a request" + +# den of lions + +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). + +# as directed by the law + +"according to the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/13.md b/dan/06/13.md index 56252dc65d..89bcd9dffa 100644 --- a/dan/06/13.md +++ b/dan/06/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# That person Daniel -* [[en:tw:Daniel]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +This is not a respectful way of referring to Daniel. They intentionally used this phrase to avoid giving Daniel the respect he was due as a chief administrator. -## translationNotes +# who is one of the people of the exile from Judah -* **pays no attention to you** - AT: "is not obedient to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"who is an immagrant from Judah" + +# pays no attention to you + +This idiom means he ignores the king. AT: "does not obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he applied his mind + +Here "mind" refers to his thinking. AT: "he thought very hard about how" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He labored + +This refers to mental labor, rather than to physical labor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/15.md b/dan/06/15.md index 6d1fe90b5d..15e0d27f93 100644 --- a/dan/06/15.md +++ b/dan/06/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# no decree ... can be changed -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] - -## translationNotes - -* **no decree or statute that the king issues can be changed** - An additional sentence may be added here to aid in understanding. AT: "They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +An additional sentence may be added here to aid in understanding. AT: "no decree ... can be changed. They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/16.md b/dan/06/16.md index c31d9ae770..1c2d9c2c25 100644 --- a/dan/06/16.md +++ b/dan/06/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they brought in Daniel -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"his soldiers went and got Daniel" -## translationNotes +# lions' den -* **rescue you** - "save you from the lions" -* **they brought Daniel in** - "his soldier went and got Daniel" +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). + +# May your God ... rescue you + +The king is expressing his desire for God to save Daniel. + +# rescue you + +"save you from the lions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/17.md b/dan/06/17.md index 1711907886..1db0632bb7 100644 --- a/dan/06/17.md +++ b/dan/06/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# den -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). -## translationNotes +# the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles ... concerning Daniel -* **the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles** - The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. AT: "The king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal. The nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **sleep fled from him** - AT: "he did not sleep at all that night." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. AT: "the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nothing might be changed concerning Daniel + +"no one could help Daniel" + +# he went through the night fasting + +This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# No entertainment was brought before him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He did not have anyone entertain him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sleep fled from him + +Sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. AT: "he did not sleep at all that night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/19.md b/dan/06/19.md index ce4a054824..fabe427329 100644 --- a/dan/06/19.md +++ b/dan/06/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# lions' den -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes - -* **with a voice filled with pain** - The king's voice sounded like he was in pain. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/21.md b/dan/06/21.md index 9d2b27a0b4..81ced082d5 100644 --- a/dan/06/21.md +++ b/dan/06/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# For I was found blameless -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He knows that I have done nothing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# I have done you no harm -* **For I was found blameless ... before you** - AT: "He knows that I have done nothing wrong" (UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"I have not harmed you at all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/23.md b/dan/06/23.md index f2fcbc8701..7d1a3f69b1 100644 --- a/dan/06/23.md +++ b/dan/06/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# den -* [[en:tw:trust]] +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). -## translationNotes +# No harm was found on him -* **No harm was found on him** - AT: "They did not find any wounds on Daniel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They did not find any wounds on Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/24.md b/dan/06/24.md index e99299d430..65279f48f7 100644 --- a/dan/06/24.md +++ b/dan/06/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# den of lions -* [[en:tw:Darius]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). -## translationNotes +# Before they reached the floor -* **Before they reached the floor** - "Before they reached the floor of the lions' den" -* **all the peoples, nations, and languages** - AT: "the people of all nations and languages" -* **in all the earth** - King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says "all the earth" to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **May peace increase for you ** - This is a form of greeting that is used to wish someone well in all areas of life. +"Before they reached the floor of the lions' den" + +# broke all their bones to pieces + +"crushed their bones" + +# peoples, nations, and languages + +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/03.md). AT: "people from different nations and who spoke different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in all the earth + +King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says "all the earth" as a generalization to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. AT: "in his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# May peace increase for you + +This is a form of greeting that is used to wish someone well in all areas of life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/26.md b/dan/06/26.md index 3cab0370b7..e0dcf3a2ab 100644 --- a/dan/06/26.md +++ b/dan/06/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +This continues to state the message that Darius sent to everyone in his kingdom. -## translationNotes +# tremble and fear -* **tremble** - shake with fear -* **he is the living God and lives forever** - The two phrases "the living God" and "lives forever" repeat the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and his kingdom will … his dominion will…** - These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God's kingdom will never end. (See: ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **his dominion will be to the end** - "he will rule forever" +These two words are similar and can be combined. AT: "shake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the God of Daniel + +"the God that Daniel worships" + +# he is the living God and lives forever + +The two phrases "the living God" and "lives forever" express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his kingdom shall ... his dominion shall + +These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God's kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his kingdom shall not be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will destroy his kingdom" or "his kingdom will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his dominion shall be to the end + +"he will rule forever" + +# he has kept Daniel safe from the strength of the lions + +"he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/28.md b/dan/06/28.md index d8b5d9b7cb..04a304f4a5 100644 --- a/dan/06/28.md +++ b/dan/06/28.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# during the reign of Darius and during the reign of Cyrus the Persian - -## translationNotes - -* There are no Translation Notes for this verse. +Cyrus the Persian was the king who ruled after Darius. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/intro.md b/dan/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ac94b15982 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Daniel 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:25-28, the poetic part of the quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Daniel and the lions ##### + +Daniel was thrown into the lions' den for praying to Yahweh, but Yahweh protected him and the lions did not hurt him at all. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/01.md b/dan/07/01.md index 6386542126..c71634ab25 100644 --- a/dan/07/01.md +++ b/dan/07/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:daniel|Daniel]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:dream|dream]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] +Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. -* **Belshazzar** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a dream and visions** - The words “dream” and “visions” both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. AT: “visions while he was dreaming”. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the four winds of heaven** - "winds from everywhere" or "strong winds from all four directions" (UDB) -* **stirring up** - "whipped up" or "agitated" or "caused high waves in" +In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# Belshazzar + +This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar's son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). + +# a dream and visions + +The words "dream" and "visions" both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. AT: "visions while he was dreaming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the four winds of heaven + +"winds from everywhere" or "strong winds from all four directions" + +# stirring up + +"whipped up" or "agitated" or "caused high waves in" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/04.md b/dan/07/04.md index 7ad2b9b861..14659f51d6 100644 --- a/dan/07/04.md +++ b/dan/07/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The first was like a lion but had eagle's wings -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:eagle|eagle]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] +This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man -* **it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man** - AT: "someone made it stand on two feet like a human being" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The mind of a man was given to it** - AT: "Someone gave it a mind like humans have" -* **ribs - ** - ** large curved bones that protect the chest of a person or animal +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The mind of a man was given to it + +Here "mind" refers to thinking. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a second animal, like a bear + +This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# ribs + +large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine + +# It was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/06.md b/dan/07/06.md index ae2b828d48..162833f9dd 100644 --- a/dan/07/06.md +++ b/dan/07/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# another animal, one that looked like a leopard -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:authority|authority]] +This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# four wings ... four heads -* **it had four heads** - AT: "the leopard had four heads." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **On its back … it had four heads** - This is not an ordinary leopard. The animal, its wings, and its head are all symbols. -* **It was given authority to rule** - AT: "Someone gave it authority to rule" -* **trampled underfoot** - "walked on and crushed" +The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# it had four heads + +"the animal had four heads" + +# It was given authority to rule + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone gave it authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a fourth animal ... it had ten horns + +This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# trampled underfoot + +"walked on and crushed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/08.md b/dan/07/08.md index d33614f242..b1bdb5d710 100644 --- a/dan/07/08.md +++ b/dan/07/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:boast]] +Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:7](./06.md). -## translationNotes +# the horns -* Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:06]]. -* **the horns** - Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” -* **Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots** - AT: "The little horn tore out three of the first horns" or "Someone tore out three of the first horns" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a mouth that boasted about great things** - AT: “the horn had a mouth and spoke boastfully about great things” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Translators may write a footnote like this: "Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The little horn tore out three of the first horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a mouth that was boasting about great things + +Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. AT: "the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/09.md b/dan/07/09.md index 125f6e4e7c..dceabde5d0 100644 --- a/dan/07/09.md +++ b/dan/07/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:snow]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# thrones were set in place -* Daniel continues to describe his vision of the response in heaven to the fourth animal that the saw in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:06]]. -* **thrones were set in place** - AT: "someone set thrones in their places" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the Ancient of Days** - This is a title for God that means he is eternal. AT: "the One Who Has Lived Forever" or "the One Who Has Always Lived" -* **took his seat ... His clothing ... the hair on his head** - This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision. -* **took his seat** - "sat down on his throne" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **His clothing was as white as snow** - His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. AT: "His clothing was very white" -* **the hair of his head was like pure wool** - Something about God's hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that 1) it was very white (UDB) or 2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **pure wool** - AT: "clean wool" or "wool that is washed" -* **His throne was flames ... its wheels were burning fire** - This describes the throne of God and its wheels as being made of fire. The words "flames" and "burning fire" mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone set thrones in their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Ancient of Days + +This is a title for God that means he is eternal. AT: "the One Who Has Lived Forever" or "the One Who Has Always Lived" + +# took his seat ... His clothing ... the hair of his head + +This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision. + +# took his seat + +This is an idiom that means he sat down. AT: "sat down on his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# His clothing was as white as snow + +His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. AT: "His clothing was very white" + +# the hair of his head was like pure wool + +Something about God's hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that 1) it was very white or 2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# pure wool + +"clean wool" or "wool that is washed" + +# His throne was flames ... its wheels were burning fire + +This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words "flames" and "burning fire" mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way. + +# its wheels + +It is unclear why God's throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for "wheels" if possible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/10.md b/dan/07/10.md index e19690df17..fa5c4f97a1 100644 --- a/dan/07/10.md +++ b/dan/07/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](./06.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Daniel continues to describe his vision of the response in heaven to the fourth animal that the saw in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:06]]. -* **A river of fire flowed out before him** - The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is compared to how water flows in a river. AT: "Fire was rushing out in front of him like a stream" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **before him** - The word "him" refers to God, the Ancient of Days from [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:09]]. -* **millions** - AT: “thousands of thousands” or “great numbers of people” -* **one hundred million** - AT: “tens of thousands times tens of thousands” or “uncountable numbers of people” -* **The court was in session** - This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. AT: "The judge was ready to judge" or "The judge was seated" -* **the books were opened** - These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. AT: "the books of evidence were open" +Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# A river of fire flowed out from before him + +The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is spoken of as if it was water flowing in a river. AT: "Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before him + +The word "him" refers to God, the Ancient of Days from [Daniel 7:9](./09.md). + +# millions + +This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. AT: "thousands of thousands" or "great numbers of people" + +# one hundred million + +This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. AT: "tens of thousands times tens of thousands" or "uncountable numbers of people" + +# The court was in session + +This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. AT: "The judge was ready to judge" or "The judge was seated" + +# the books were opened + +These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. AT: "the books of evidence were opened" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/11.md b/dan/07/11.md index 22ac4d41ca..cabeb188f4 100644 --- a/dan/07/11.md +++ b/dan/07/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast, boastful]] +Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](./06.md). -## translationNotes +# the animal was killed ... to be burned up -* Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven in response to the fourth animal that the saw in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:06]]. -* **the animal was killed ... to be burned up** - AT: "they killed the animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. AT: “the animal was executed” or “the judge commanded and the animal was killed” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the animal** - This refers to the animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. AT: "the most frightening animal" or "the animal that had the boastful horn" -* **their authority to rule was taken away** - AT: "The judge took away their authority to rule" or "their authority to rule ended" -* **their lives were prolonged for a period of time** - AT: "they continued to live for a period of time" or "the judge let them live a little longer" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the animal was killed + +The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. AT: "they executed the animal" or "the judge commanded and they killed the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the animal + +This refers to the fourth animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. AT: "the most frightening animal" or "the animal that had the boastful horn" + +# the rest of the four animals + +It may be clearer to say, "the other three animals." + +# their authority to rule was taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the judge took away their authority to rule" or "their authority to rule ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their lives were prolonged for a period of time + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they continued to live for a period of time" or "the judge let them live a little longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/13.md b/dan/07/13.md index b194a608d6..319862c5d6 100644 --- a/dan/07/13.md +++ b/dan/07/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I saw one coming ... like a son of man -* **I saw one coming ... like a son of man** - AT: "I saw someone who looked like a son of man coming with the clouds of heaven" -* **with the clouds of heaven** - "with the clouds of the sky" -* **and was presented before him** - AT: "and they presented this son of man before the Ancient of Days" or "and he stood before him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the Ancient of Days** - See how you translated this title in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:09]] -* **Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him** - AT: "The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power" -* **royal power** - This here refers to "authority." -* **that will never be destroyed** - AT: "that no one will ever destroy" +The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. "I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# with the clouds of heaven + +"with the clouds of the sky" + +# the Ancient of Days + +This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](./09.md) + +# was presented before him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days" or "he stood before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# royal power + +This, here, refers to "authority." + +# peoples, nations, and languages + +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/03.md). AT: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not pass away ... will never be destroyed + +These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# that will never be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one will ever destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/15.md b/dan/07/15.md index 5adb5728c4..57fe297290 100644 --- a/dan/07/15.md +++ b/dan/07/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my spirit was grieved inside of me ... the visions I saw in my mind troubled me -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# my spirit was grieved inside of me -* **my spirit was grieved ... the visions in my mind troubled me** - These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **one of them standing there** - This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God's throne (UDB). Possible meanings 1) these are angels, spirits who serve God 2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven. -* **to show me** - "to tell me" (UDB) or "to explain to me" -* **these things** - AT: "the things I had seen" +Here "my spirit" refers to Daniel himself. AT: "I was very sad inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# one of them standing there + +This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God's throne. Possible meanings 1) these are angels, spirits who serve God 2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven. + +# to show me + +"to tell me" or "to explain to me" + +# these things + +"the things I had seen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/17.md b/dan/07/17.md index c6ef571289..70a29f6ae9 100644 --- a/dan/07/17.md +++ b/dan/07/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# These large animals, four in number, -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] +"These four large animals" -## translationNotes +# are four kings -* **four kings that will arise from the earth** - AT: "four kings who will come to power on the earth" (UDB) or "four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and will possess it** - AT: "and will rule over it" -* **forever and ever** - This repetition of ideas emphasize that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"represent four kings" + +# four kings that will arise from the earth + +Here "from the earth" means they are real people. AT: "four kings who will come to power on the earth" or "four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they will possess it + +"they will rule over it" + +# forever and ever + +This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/19.md b/dan/07/19.md index 64a846593b..ca29c549cc 100644 --- a/dan/07/19.md +++ b/dan/07/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# very horrifying -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] +"very frightening" -## translationNotes +# trampled -* **very horrific** - "very frightening" -* **trampled** - "walked on and crushed" -* **the ten horns on its head** - AT: "the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal" -* **grew up before which the three horns fell down** - AT: "grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it" or "grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it" -* **the mouth that boasted** - AT: "its mouth that boasted" or "the mouth of the new horn, that boasted" -* **and that seemed greater than its companions** - Possible meanings are that 1) the horn represented the animal it was on and the animal seemed to be greater than the other animals (as in the UDB), or 2) the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns. +"walked on and crushed" + +# the ten horns on its head + +"the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal" + +# grew up, and before which the three horns fell down + +"grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it" or "grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it" + +# before which the three horns fell down + +Here "fell down" is a euphemism that means they were destroyed." AT: "which destroyed the three horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the mouth that boasted + +"its mouth that boasted" or "the mouth of the new horn, that boasted" + +# that seemed greater than its companions + +the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/21.md b/dan/07/21.md index acb428f36c..7a1ceff588 100644 --- a/dan/07/21.md +++ b/dan/07/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# this horn -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +"this fourth horn." This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:20](./19.md). -## translationNotes +# until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given -* **this horn** - This refers to the horn that is described in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:19]]. -* **until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given** - AT: "until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Ancient of Days** - See how you translated this title in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:09]]. -* **holy ones** - AT: "holy people" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Ancient of Days + +This is a title for God that emphasizes that he is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](./09.md). + +# the holy people received the kingdom + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave his kingdom to his holy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/23.md b/dan/07/23.md index c8a18abd42..ae232b5520 100644 --- a/dan/07/23.md +++ b/dan/07/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] +Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# This is what that person said -* **This is what that person said** - This is the person that Daniel approached in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:15]]. -* **that person said** - "that person answered" -* **As for the fourth animal … As for the ten horns** - "Concerning the fourth animal … Concerning the ten horns" or "Now, about the fourth animal … Now, about the ten horns" -* **It will devour … it into pieces** - This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **out of this kingdom ten kings will arise** - AT: "in this fourth kingdom ten kings will become powerful" -* **and another will arise after them** - AT: "and after that happens another king will become powerful" -* **He will be different from the previous ones** - AT: "He will be different from the other ten kings" +This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](./15.md). + +# that person said + +"that person answered" + +# As for the fourth animal ... As for the ten horns + +"Concerning the fourth animal ... Concerning the ten horns" or "Now, about the fourth animal ... Now, about the ten horns" + +# It will devour ... it into pieces + +This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# out of this kingdom ten kings will arise + +They will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# another will arise after them + +This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as "the eleventh king." AT: "after that an eleventh king will become powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He will be different from the previous ones + +"He will be different from the other ten kings" + +# he will conquer the three kings + +He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. AT: "he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/25.md b/dan/07/25.md index a2c6ec2d48..614cdce4b8 100644 --- a/dan/07/25.md +++ b/dan/07/25.md @@ -1,22 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. -* **He will speak words against the Most High** - This means that the newest king will openly disagree with the Most High. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **He will try ... into his hand** - The words "He" and "his" refer to the newest king, not the Most High. -* **the holy ones** - "the holy people" AT: "God's holy people" -* **change festivals and the Law** - Both terms refer to the Law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament. -* **These things will be given into his hand** - AT: "The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **one year, two years, and half a year** - This means "three and half years" (UDB). This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. AT: "One year plus two years plus six months" -* **the court will be in session** - This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. AT: “The judge will judge” or “The judge will sit down” -* **they will take his royal power away** - AT: "the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king" -* **royal power** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:13]]. -* **to be consumed and destroyed at the end** - AT: "and consume and destroy it in the end" or "and in the end his royal power will be completely destroyed" +Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# He will speak words against the Most High + +This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He will try ... into his hand + +The words "He" and "his" refer to the newest king, not the Most High. + +# the holy people + +"God's holy people" + +# change the festivals and the law + +Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament. + +# These things will be given into his hand + +Here "his hand" refers to his control. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one year, two years, and half a year + +This means "three and half years." This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. AT: "one year plus two years plus six months" + +# the court will be in session + +This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. AT: "the judge will judge" or "The judge will sit down" + +# they will take his royal power away + +"the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king" + +# royal power + +This, here, refers to "authority." See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](./13.md). + +# to be consumed and destroyed at the end + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and consume and destroy it in the end" or "and completely destroy his royal power in the end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/27.md b/dan/07/27.md index 371a93d5e0..054d287987 100644 --- a/dan/07/27.md +++ b/dan/07/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw: dominion]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. -* **The kingdom and the dominion** - These two terms mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* ** the greatness of the kingdoms** - "everything that is great about the kingdoms" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **of the kingdoms under the whole heaven** - AT: "of all the kingdoms on earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **will be given to the people** - AT: "God will give it all to the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the people who belong to the holy ones** - AT: "the holy people" (UDB) or "the people who are part of the holy people" -* **His kingdom** - "The kingdom of the Most High" -* **an everlasting kingdom** - AT: "a kingdom that will exist forever" or "a kingdom that will never end" -* **Here is the end of the matter** - This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. AT: "That is what I saw in my vision" (UDB) or "Now you have read everything that I, Daniel, have seen in my vision" +Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# The kingdom and the dominion ... will be given to the people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will give the kingdom and the dominion ... to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The kingdom and the dominion + +These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the greatness of the kingdoms + +The abstract noun "greatness" can be translated with the adjective "great." AT: "everything that is great about the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# of the kingdoms under the whole heaven + +The idiom "under the whole heaven" refers to the kingdoms on earth. AT: "of all the kingdoms on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# His kingdom + +"The kingdom of the Most High" + +# an everlasting kingdom + +"a kingdom that will exist forever" or "a kingdom that will never end" + +# Here is the end of the matter + +This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. AT: "That is what I saw in my vision" or "This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision" + +# my face changed in appearance + +"my face became pale" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/intro.md b/dan/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8860b99d43 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Daniel 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:9-14, 23-27, which are the poetic parts of the quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### The four beasts ##### + +There will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +##### The Son of Man ##### + +God will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/01.md b/dan/08/01.md index fd5dac3a68..2e97b9a3de 100644 --- a/dan/08/01.md +++ b/dan/08/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:province]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **in the third year** - "in year three" -* **had a vision appear ... (after the one ... )** - AT: "had a second vision" -* **Belshazzar** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:Dan:05:01]]. -* **fortified** - guarded and protected -* **Susa ... Elam ... Ulai Canal** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **canal** - A canal is a narrow waterway. +In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# In the third year + +"In year three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Belshazzar + +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). + +# had a vision appear to me (after the one ... first) + +This is background information to remind the reader that this is Daniel's second vision. AT: "had a second vision appear to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# fortress + +a walled city that was guarded and protected + +# Susa ... Elam ... Ulai Canal + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Canal + +A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/03.md b/dan/08/03.md index dd06249ebf..2e9638355a 100644 --- a/dan/08/03.md +++ b/dan/08/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a ram with two horns -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +It is normal for rams to have two horns. These horns, however, have symbolic meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# but the longer ... passed up in length by it -* **but the longer ... in length by it** - AT: “but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it” -* **I saw the ram charging** - "I saw the ram rushing" or "I saw the ram running very quickly" -* **to rescue anyone out of his hand** - "to rescue anyone from him" or "to rescue anyone from his power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it" + +# I saw the ram charging + +"I saw the ram rushing" or "I saw the ram running very quickly" + +# to rescue anyone out of his hand + +Rams do not have hands. Here "hand" refers to the ram's power. AT: "to rescue anyone from him" or "to rescue anyone from his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/05.md b/dan/08/05.md index 70555c4b92..4a926e6634 100644 --- a/dan/08/05.md +++ b/dan/08/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# across the surface of the whole earth -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] +The phrase "the whole earth" is an exaggeration that means he came from far away. AT: "from far away across the surface of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# The goat had a large horn between his eyes -* **across the face of the whole earth** - AT: "across the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **in a powerful rage** - AT: "and it was very angry." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. AT: "The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I had seen the ram standing on the bank of the canal + +This phrase is inserted as background information to explain where the ram was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# in a powerful rage + +"and it was very angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/07.md b/dan/08/07.md index a9eda840c5..a4bba4e7b7 100644 --- a/dan/08/07.md +++ b/dan/08/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# trampled -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +to crush something by stepping on it -## translationNotes +# the ram from his power -* **trampled** - to crush something by stepping on it -* **the ram from his power** - "the ram from the goat because of his power" -* **the goat became very large** - "the goat became very large and strong" -* **the large horn was broken** - AT: "something broke the large horn" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **toward the four winds of the heavens** - AT: "in four different directions" +"the ram from the goat because of his power" + +# the goat became very large + +"the goat became very large and strong" + +# the large horn was broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "something broke off the large horn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# toward the four winds of the heavens + +Here "the four winds of heaven" is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. AT: "in four different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/09.md b/dan/08/09.md index 69ebe24fc6..54a514cbcd 100644 --- a/dan/08/09.md +++ b/dan/08/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# but which became very large -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +"but it became very large" -## translationNotes +# in the south, in the east, and in the land of beauty -* **but which became very large** - "but it became very large" -* **It became so large as to engage in war** - Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Some of that army ... thrown down to the earth** - AT: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it trampled on them** - Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is trampling on the stars and on the army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This probably means it pointed in those directions. This can be stated. AT: "and pointed toward the south and then toward the east and then toward the beautiful land of Israel" + +# the land of beauty + +This is a reference to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# It became so large as to engage in war + +Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Some of that army ... thrown down to the earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it trampled on them + +Here the horn is given qualities of a person that tramples on the stars and on the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/11.md b/dan/08/11.md index 68c7add65f..f3c23d3cf1 100644 --- a/dan/08/11.md +++ b/dan/08/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:divine]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Daniel continues describing his vision of the horn. (See: [Daniel 8:9](./09.md)) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **It became great, even as great as** - "The goat's horn raised itself up as high as" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **The regular burnt offering was taken away from him** - "The horn took away the regular burnt offering from the divine commander" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **and the place of the sanctuary was polluted** - "and it made the place of the sanctuary unclean" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **The horn will throw truth to the ground** - This means that the horn will ignore truth and godliness. AT: "The horn will disregard truth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The horn is given qualities of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the commander of the army + +This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It took away from him the regular burnt offering + +Here "took away" means the horn stopped the offering. Here "him" refers to God, the commander of the army. AT: "It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him" + +# the place of his sanctuary was polluted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it defiled his sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The horn will throw truth down to the ground + +The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. AT: "The horn will reject the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/13.md b/dan/08/13.md index 7ffe2ee98f..3e518e4102 100644 --- a/dan/08/13.md +++ b/dan/08/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# holy one -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"angel" -## translationNotes +# the handing over of the sanctuary -* **holy one** - "angel" -* **the handing over of the sanctuary** - "the surrender of the sanctuary" -* **2,300 evenings and mornings** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the sanctuary will be put right** - "the temple will be purified and set in order again" (UDB) +"the surrender of the sanctuary" + +# heaven's army being trampled on + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the horn trampling on heaven's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 2,300 evenings and mornings + +"Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings." Here "evenings and mornings" is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. AT: "2,300 sunsets and sunrises" or "2,300 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the sanctuary will be put right + +"the temple will be purified and set in order again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/15.md b/dan/08/15.md index 7b15adcef6..8b7650a0d3 100644 --- a/dan/08/15.md +++ b/dan/08/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a man's voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal -* [[en:tw:Daniel]] -* [[en:tw:Gabriel]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Here a man is being referred to by his voice. AT: "a man calling from the Ulai Canal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Ulai Canal -* **Ulai Canal** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:Dan:08:01]]. -* **a man’s voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal** - AT: "a man calling from the Ulai Canal" Here a man is being referred to by his voice. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] -* **prostrated myself on the ground** - This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. +A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 8:2](./01.md). + +# prostrated myself on the ground + +This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the time of the end + +"the final days" or "the end of the world." This does not refer to the final moment in time, but rather to the events that will happen immediately before the end. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/18.md b/dan/08/18.md index e274cbf97d..b1ab1212d9 100644 --- a/dan/08/18.md +++ b/dan/08/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a deep sleep -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This is a type of sleep when someone is sleeping heavily and does not wake up easily. -## translationNotes +# the time of wrath -* **a deep sleep** - This is a type of sleep when someone is sleeping heavily and does not wake up easily. +This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. AT: "the time when God judges in anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the appointed time for the end + +"the time when the world will end" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/20.md b/dan/08/20.md index 59b00c388c..5551fd6b83 100644 --- a/dan/08/20.md +++ b/dan/08/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:greece]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# two horns—they are -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +"two horns—they represent" + +# the kings of Media and Persia + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or 2) this is a metonymy in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. AT: "the kingdoms of Media and Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the king of Greece + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the king of Greece or 2) this is a metonymy in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. AT: "the kingdom of Greece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The large horn between his eyes is + +"The large horn between his eyes represents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/22.md b/dan/08/22.md index def5c512cc..764a62e7b6 100644 --- a/dan/08/22.md +++ b/dan/08/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# As for the horn that was broken ... four others arose -* **As for the horn that was broken ... four others arose** - "Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose" -* **but not with his great power** - "but not with the great power that the king represented by the long horn had" -* **shall have reached their limit** - "have reached their full" or "have run their course" -* **grim-faced** - faced** - This means someone who looks defiant, or like he will refuse to obey. +"Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose" + +# four kingdoms will arise from his nation + +The four horns represent the four new kingdoms. This can be made explicit. AT: "they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but not with his great power + +"but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn" + +# At the latter time of those kingdoms + +"As those kingdoms approach their end" + +# shall have reached their limit + +"have reached their full" or "have run their course" + +# grim-faced + +This means someone who looks defiant, or like he will refuse to obey. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/24.md b/dan/08/24.md index f696980885..750b5de3ad 100644 --- a/dan/08/24.md +++ b/dan/08/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# but not by his own power -* **King of kings** - This refers to God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"but someone else will give him his power" + +# he will make deceit prosper + +Here "deceit" is spoken of as if it is a person who will prosper. AT: "the amount of deception will increase" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# under his hand + +Here "hand" refers to his rule. AT: "under his rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# King of kings + +This refers to God. + +# he will be broken + +Here "he" refers to his power. AT: "his rule will end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not by any human hand + +Here "hand" refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. AT: "not by any human power" or "by divine power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/26.md b/dan/08/26.md index af8bec01fd..312e071fc4 100644 --- a/dan/08/26.md +++ b/dan/08/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:seal|seal, to seal]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] +The angel continues to instruct Daniel about the visions that Daniel saw. -## translationNotes +# seal up the vision -* **seal up the vision** - Possible meanings are 1) "close and seal up what you have written about the vision" or 2) "do not tell anyone about the vision." +The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. AT: "close and seal up what you have written about the vision" or "do not tell anyone about the vision now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/27.md b/dan/08/27.md index a0a798c6ac..cfb30dbebd 100644 --- a/dan/08/27.md +++ b/dan/08/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# was overcome and lay weak for several days -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +"was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days" -## translationNotes +# went about the king's business -* **was overcome and lay weak for several days** - "was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days" -* **I was appalled by the vision** - "I was dismayed by the vision" or "I very confused by the vision" +"did the work that the king had assigned to me" + +# I was appalled by the vision + +"I was dismayed by the vision" or "I was very confused by the vision" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/intro.md b/dan/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6768661b3c --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Daniel 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The vision of the ram and the male goat ##### + +Although specific interpretation of this vision is not given, most scholars believe Daniel saw Greece overthrowing Media-Persia before breaking up into four kingdoms. One of these kingdoms stopped the temple worship for a while and then it was restored. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/01.md b/dan/09/01.md index 7751776cd9..bfa5a9fb1e 100644 --- a/dan/09/01.md +++ b/dan/09/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:darius]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6. -## translationNotes +# It was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians -* **who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians** - AT: "who became king over the realm of the Babylonians" or "who conquered the Babylonians" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **over the realm** - "over the country" or "over the kingdom" -* **there would be seventy years until Jerusalem's abandonment would end** - "from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would be abandoned for 70 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UDB places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who became king over the realm of the Babylonians" or "who conquered the Babylonians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# over the realm + +"over the country" or "over the kingdom" + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# there would be seventy years until Jerusalem's abandonment would end + +"from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# abandonment + +this means no one would help or rebuild Jerusalem during that time \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/03.md b/dan/09/03.md index 8a56a5b63d..cdb1c29ee0 100644 --- a/dan/09/03.md +++ b/dan/09/03.md @@ -1,38 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I turned my face to the Lord God -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:awe|awe, awesome]] -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:beg|beg, beggar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:confess|confess]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:fast|fast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth|sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "face" represents Daniel's attention. AT: "I focused my attention on the Lord God" or "I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to seek him -* **I turned my face to the Lord God** - "I focused my attention on the Lord God" or "I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I made confession of our sins** - "I confessed our sins" -* **keeps covenant and faithfulness with those** - "does what he said he would do in his covenant and is faithful to those" +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes + +These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# I made confession of our sins + +"I confessed our sins" + +# you are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those + +"you do what what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/05.md b/dan/09/05.md index 18a1a8f6ea..5eedafc7dd 100644 --- a/dan/09/05.md +++ b/dan/09/05.md @@ -1,30 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# We have sinned and have done what is wrong -* Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -* **We have sinned and have done what is wrong** - The two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled** - The two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. -* **your commands and decrees** - The words "commands" and "decrees" share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **spoke in your name** - AT: "spoke with your authority" or "spoke as your representative" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled + +These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your commands and decrees + +The words "commands" and "decrees" share similar meanings and refer to the whole law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# We have not listened to your servants + +Here "not listened" means they did not obey their message. AT: "We have not obeyed the message of your prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# spoke in your name + +Here "name" refers to God's authority. AT: "spoke with your authority" or "spoke as your representative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the people of the land + +Here "land" refers to Israel. AT: "the Israelite people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/07.md b/dan/09/07.md index 97cd06a890..e62f3effb8 100644 --- a/dan/09/07.md +++ b/dan/09/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# To you, Lord, belongs righteousness -* Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -* **To us today** - The word "us" includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **because of the great treachery that we committed** - AT: "because we greatly betrayed you" or "because we were very unfaithful to you" (UDB) +Being righteous is spoken of as if "righteousness" were an object that belongs to Yahweh. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as "righteous." AT: "Lord, you are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people + +Being ashamed is spoken of as if "shame" were an object that belongs to people. The abstract noun "shame" can be stated as "ashamed." AT: "But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# To us today + +The word "us" includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# belongs shame on our faces + +This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# because of the great treachery that we committed against you + +"because we greatly betrayed you" or "because we were very unfaithful to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/09.md b/dan/09/09.md index 41bd33cc7e..7e2d906a8c 100644 --- a/dan/09/09.md +++ b/dan/09/09.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness -* Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -* **We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh** - AT: "We have disobeyed what Yahweh told us to do" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **turned aside** - The words "turned aside" mean that Israel stopped obeying God's laws. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that are written in the Law of Moses** - AT: "that Moses wrote about in the Law" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **have been poured out on us** - AT: "you have brought upon us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]; [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. AT: "The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God + +Here "voice" refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. AT: "We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turned aside + +The words "turned aside" mean that Israel stopped obeying God's laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that are written in the law of Moses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Moses wrote about in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# have been poured out on us + +The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have brought upon us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/12.md b/dan/09/12.md index 842dc87d95..4113b31047 100644 --- a/dan/09/12.md +++ b/dan/09/12.md @@ -1,28 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# For under the whole of heaven -* Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -* **there has not been done anything** - "nothing has been done" -* **what has been done to Jerusalem** - AT: "what you have done to Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **As it is written in the Law of Moses** - "As Moses wrote in the Law" -* **turning away from our iniquities** - AT: "stopping our evil actions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "For in the whole world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# there has not been done anything + +"nothing has been done." This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing has happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what has been done to Jerusalem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what you have done to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# As it is written in the law of Moses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As Moses wrote in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# turning away from our iniquities + +Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. AT: "stopping our evil actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh has kept the disaster ready + +"Yahweh has prepared this disaster" + +# we have not obeyed his voice + +Here "voice" refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. AT: "we have not done what he told us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/15.md b/dan/09/15.md index 852823f2a1..2fc938b8fa 100644 --- a/dan/09/15.md +++ b/dan/09/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# with a mighty hand -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Here "mighty hand" is a metonym for strength. AT: "with great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# you have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day -* **with a mighty hand** - AT: "with great strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **still we sinned; we have done wicked things** - The two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **we sinned; we have done wicked things** - Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, not God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **all your righteousness** - "your great righteousness" -* **your anger and your wrath** - The words "anger" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how dangerous God can be. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the mountain of your holiness** - The word "holiness" here may refer to God's holy temple. AT: "the mountain where your holy temple is" or "your holy mountain". -* **our sins ... our ancestors** - The sins and ancestors of Daniel and Israel, not of God. -* **object of scorn** - "target of disrespect" +"you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today" + +# still we sinned; we have done wicked things + +These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# we sinned; we have done wicked things + +Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but "we" does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# your anger and your wrath + +The words "anger" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how terrible God's anger is when he acts on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your holy mountain + +This mountain may be holy because God's temple is there. AT: "the mountain where your holy temple is" + +# our sins ... our ancestors + +Here "our" refers to Daniel and Israel, but not to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# an object of scorn + +"a target of disrespect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/17.md b/dan/09/17.md index 98d8005811..831fe7d44d 100644 --- a/dan/09/17.md +++ b/dan/09/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This does not mean "at this moment", but it is a way to show that the next phase in Daniel's prayer is about to start. -## translationNotes +# your servant ... his pleas for mercy -* **Now** - This does not mean "at this moment", but it is a way to show that the next phase in Daniel's prayer is about to start. -* **your servant ... his pleas for mercy** - The words "your servant" and "his" here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]].) -* **pleas for mercy** - "requests for mercy" -* **make your face shine on** - AT: "act kindly toward" (UDB) or "act with favor toward" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **open your eyes** - AT: "Notice us" or "Pay attention" -* **do not delay** - AT: "do not wait any longer" or "act quickly" +The words "your servant" and "his" here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# pleas for mercy + +"requests for mercy" + +# make your face shine on + +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably as if Yahweh's face shone a light. AT: "act kindly toward" or "act with favor toward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your sanctuary + +This refers to the temple in Jerusalem. + +# open your ears and listen + +To "open the ears" is an idiom that means to listen. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel's desire for God to listen to his prayer. AT: "please listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# open your eyes and see + +To "open the eyes" is an idiom that means to see. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel's desire for God to pay attention to his prayer. AT: "notice us" or "pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# is called by your name + +Here "name" represents ownership. AT: "is your city" or "belongs to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not delay + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "act quickly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/20.md b/dan/09/20.md index 4c016fb4a6..faaf6d0214 100644 --- a/dan/09/20.md +++ b/dan/09/20.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my people Israel -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:confess|confess]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:gabriel]] -* [[en:tw:gabriel|Gabriel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"the people of Israel to whom I belong" -## translationNotes +# God's holy mountain -* **my people Israel** - "the people of Israel to whom I belong" -* **the mountain of God's holiness** - The word "holiness" here may refer to God's holy temple. Possible meanings are 1) “the mountain where God's holy temple is” or 2) “God's holy mountain." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in the vision at the first** - This may refer to the first vision that Daniel had while he was awake. AT: "in the previous vision" or "in the vision I saw before" or "in a vision before" -* **at the time of the evening sacrifice** - The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun goes down. +The mountain may be holy because of the temple. AT: "the mountain where God's holy temple is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the man Gabriel + +This is the same angel Gabriel who appeared in the form of a man in [Daniel 8:16](../08/15.md). AT: "Gabriel, who appeared as a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the vision at the first + +This may refer to the first vision that Daniel had while he was awake. AT: "in the previous vision" or "in the vision I saw before" or "in a vision before" + +# flew down to me in rapid flight + +"flew down to me quickly" + +# at the time of the evening sacrifice + +The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun went down. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/22.md b/dan/09/22.md index c33c28575b..1892d0727c 100644 --- a/dan/09/22.md +++ b/dan/09/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# insight and understanding -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The words "insight" and "understanding" mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# the order was given -* **He gave me understanding and said to me** - The repetition is to emphasize that Gabriel is the reason Daniel will understand the vision. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **insight and understanding** - The two words "insight" and "understanding" mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. -* **the order was given** - AT: "God gave the order" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **consider this word** - "think about this message". The word "word" is the same the word as "order" earlier in this verse. Translate the same way if possible. -* **the revelation** - This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:09:01]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave the order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# consider this word + +"think about this message" + +# the revelation + +This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/24.md b/dan/09/24.md index a3efd80153..b0d4fe3b84 100644 --- a/dan/09/24.md +++ b/dan/09/24.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Seventy sevens of years ... seven sevens ... and sixty-two sevens -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. AT: "Seventy times seven years ... seven times seven years ... and sixty-two times seven years" -## translationNotes +# Seventy sevens of years are decreed for your people and your holy city to -* **Seventy sevens of years are decreed for your people and your holy city to** - God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city. -* **Seventy sevens of years ... seven sevens ... and sixty-two sevens** - two sevens** - This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. AT: "Seventy times seven years ... seven times seven years ... and sixty-two times seven years" -* **seven sevens … and sixty-two sevens** - two sevens** - These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24. -* **your people and your holy city** - The word "your" here refers to Daniel. The people are the Israelites and the holy city is Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **to end the guilt and put an end to sin** - The idea is repeated to emphasize how certain it is that this will happen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **to carry out the vision** - AT: "to accomplish the vision" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the vision and the prophecy** - These words in this context mean the same thing. They are used together to ensure Daniel that Jeremiah's vision was indeed a prophecy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Know and understand** - These words are used together to make the importance clear. AT: "You must clearly understand" or "You must know for sure" -* **the anointed one** - AT: "the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" -* **Jerusalem will be rebuilt** - AT: "People will rebuild Jerusalem" (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **moat** - a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it +God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city. + +# your people and your holy city + +The word "your" here refers to Daniel. The people are the Israelites and the holy city is Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to end the guilt and put an end to sin + +The idea is repeated to emphasize how certain it is that this will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to carry out the vision + +Here "carry out" is an idiom that means to accomplish. AT: "to accomplish the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the vision and the prophecy + +These words in this context mean the same thing. They ensure Daniel that Jeremiah's vision was indeed a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Know and understand + +These words are used together to make the importance clear. AT: "You must clearly understand" or "You must know for sure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the anointed one + +Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. AT: "the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# seven sevens ... and sixty-two sevens + +These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24. + +# Jerusalem will be rebuilt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will rebuild Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# moat + +a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it + +# the times of distress + +"a time of great trouble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/26.md b/dan/09/26.md index 4b060faf66..db492c9620 100644 --- a/dan/09/26.md +++ b/dan/09/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# sixty-two sevens of -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](./24.md). AT: "sixty-two times seven" -## translationNotes +# the anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing -* **sixty-two sevens** - two sevens** - See how you translated this number in [[en:bible:notes:dan:09:24]]. -* **the anointed one will be destroyed** - AT: "people will destroy the anointed one" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the anointed one** - See how you translated this title in [[en:bible:notes:dan:09:24]]. -* **a coming ruler** - This is a foreign ruler, not "the anointed one." AT: "a foreign ruler who will come" or "a powerful ruler who will come" -* **Its end will come with a flood** - The army will destroy it just as a flood destroys things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Desolations have been decreed** - AT: "God has decreed desolations" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the anointed one + +Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](./24.md). AT: "the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" + +# a coming ruler + +This is a foreign ruler, not "the anointed one." AT: "a foreign ruler who will come" or "a powerful ruler who will come" + +# Its end will come with a flood + +The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a flood destroys things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Desolations have been decreed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary" or "God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/27.md b/dan/09/27.md index 904e8975ec..1f3c70f98d 100644 --- a/dan/09/27.md +++ b/dan/09/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# He will ... he will -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one. -## translationNotes +# one seven ... In the middle of the seven -* **one seven** - AT: "a single seven" or "one period of seven years" -* **the sacrifice and the offering** - These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. AT: "all forms of sacrificing" or "every type of offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the wing of abominations** - This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which is called "abominations" because it is full of idols. AT: "On the walls of the temple that is full of abominations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **someone who makes desolate ... the one who is making desolation** - "a desolation-maker" AT: "the person who makes things desolate" -* **a full end and the destruction** - These two words or expressions are basically the same. They are repeated to emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the destruction that is decreed is poured out** - AT: "God causes the destruction that he has decreed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "seven" is used to refer to a period of seven years. AT: "seven years ... Halfway through the seven years" + +# put an end to + +"stop" or "halt" + +# the sacrifice and the offering + +These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. AT: "all forms of sacrificing" or "every type of offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the wing of abominations + +This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called "abominations" because they are full of idols. AT: "the walls of the temple that are full of abominations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# someone who makes desolate + +"a person who completely destroys" + +# A full end and destruction are decreed to be poured out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# A full end and destruction + +These two words or expressions are basically the same. They emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. AT: "Complete destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the one who has made the desolation + +"the person who caused the destruction" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/intro.md b/dan/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..216ffdd1fc --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Daniel 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Daniel told the future ##### +Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +##### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26 ##### + +This passage uses the expressions "seventy sevens of years," "seven sevens and sixty-two sevens," and "sixty-two sevens of years" to denote ""490 years," "49 years and then 434 years," and "434 years," respectively. The original language uses the idea of a "week" to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/01.md b/dan/10/01.md index bb935966bb..49e8a934df 100644 --- a/dan/10/01.md +++ b/dan/10/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the third year of Cyrus king of Persia -* [[en:tw:cyrus]] -* [[en:tw:cyrus|Cyrus]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:daniel|Daniel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:persia|Persia]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +"year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# a message was revealed to Daniel -* **the third year of Cyrus king** - "year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_ordinal]]) -* **a message was revealed to Daniel** - AT: "God revealed a word to Daniel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who was also called Belteshazzar** - AT: "whose name was also Belteshazzar" -* **when he had insight from a vision** - AT: “when he gained understanding from a vision” +This can also be expressed in active form. AT: "God revealed a message to Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# insight + +"understanding" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/02.md b/dan/10/02.md index 385e1008a1..3132c47e47 100644 --- a/dan/10/02.md +++ b/dan/10/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# delicacies -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +These are expensive or rare kinds of food. AT: "fancy foods" -## translationNotes +# until the completion of three entire weeks -* **delicacies** - expensive or rare kinds of food. AT: "fancy foods" -* **until the completion of three entire weeks** - "for the duration of three entire weeks" +"until the end of three entire weeks" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/04.md b/dan/10/04.md index 6b354d29ca..f4a1b6207d 100644 --- a/dan/10/04.md +++ b/dan/10/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# On the twenty-fourth day of the first month -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# with a belt around his waist -* **on the twenty-fourth day of the first month - ** - fourth day of the first month - ** AT: "on day 24 of month 1" -* **with a belt around his waist** - AT: "He was wearing a belt" -* **a belt around his waist made of pure gold from Uphaz** - "a belt of pure gold from Uphaz" -* **Uphaz** - Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **His body was like topaz-** - ** AT: "his body was the color of topaz, shining like a gemstone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **topaz** - a gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite -* **his face was like lightning** - AT: "his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **his eyes were like flaming torches** - AT: "his eyes looked like they had torches burning bright inside them"(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **his arms and his feet were like polished bronze** - AT: "his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and the sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd** - AT: "his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"and he was wearing a belt" + +# Uphaz + +Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# His body was like topaz + +His body gleamed with blue or yellow light as if it were made of topaz. AT: "his body gleamed like topaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# topaz + +a blue or yellow gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite + +# his face was like lightning + +His face shone brightly as a bolt of lightning shines. AT: "his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# His eyes were like flaming torches + +His eyes were bright with light as if they were flaming torches. AT: "his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# his arms and his feet were like polished bronze + +His arms and feet were as shiny as if they were made of polished bronze. AT: "his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd + +His voice was so loud that it was as if a crowd of people were all talking loudly. AT: "his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/07.md b/dan/10/07.md index 01eecbc215..5a657a3d72 100644 --- a/dan/10/07.md +++ b/dan/10/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So I was left alone and saw -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] +This can be stated in active form. "No one was with me, and I saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# my bright appearance was turned into a ruined look -* **So I was left alone and saw** - AT: “No one was with me, and I saw” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my radiant appearance was fearfully changed** - AT: "I was so afraid that my normal appearance changed and I did not look like myself." (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). -* **I fell on my face in deep sleep** - Daniel was so afraid by what he saw that he fainted and fell forward so that his face was toward the ground. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. "my bright appearance turned into looking ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my bright appearance + +This describes the face of someone who is healthy. AT: "my healthy-looking face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a ruined look + +Someone's unhealthy, pale face is spoken of as if it were a ruined building. AT: "pale" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I heard his words + +This implies that someone was speaking in the vision. This can be made explicit. AT: "I heard the words of someone who was speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I fell on my face in deep sleep + +Possible meanings are: 1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or 2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/10.md b/dan/10/10.md index 6e282eeb25..4ebf733608 100644 --- a/dan/10/10.md +++ b/dan/10/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# A hand touched me -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:daniel|Daniel]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Here a person's hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5-6](./04.md). AT: "Someone touched me with his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Daniel, man greatly treasured -* **A hand touched me** - AT: "Someone touched me with his hand." This was probably the man that Daniel saw in [[en:bible:notes:dan:10:04]]. +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "Daniel, you whom God greatly treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# greatly treasured + +much valued and loved \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/12.md b/dan/10/12.md index 04d80cfcca..470858418f 100644 --- a/dan/10/12.md +++ b/dan/10/12.md @@ -1,30 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# you set your mind to understand -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:chief|chief]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:daniel|Daniel]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:persia|Persia, Persians]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +"you determined to understand the vision" -## translationNotes +# your words were heard -* **you set your mind to understand** - "you determined to understand the vision" -* **your words were heard** - "God heard your words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **prince** - This refers here to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. AT: "spirit prince" +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "God heard your words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# prince + +Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. AT: "spirit prince" + +# the kings of Persia + +This probably refers to the various kings who ruled over nations in the Persian Empire, and who had to obey the king of Persia. + +# Michael, one of the chief princes + +"Michael, on of the chief angels" or "Michael, one of the archangels" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/14.md b/dan/10/14.md index b016b635a4..7a84278be7 100644 --- a/dan/10/14.md +++ b/dan/10/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:lastday|last day, last days, latter days]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# I turned my face toward the ground -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **I turned my face toward the ground** - "I looked to the ground." Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid. +"I looked at the ground." Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/16.md b/dan/10/16.md index c2b601a6d7..24f475d15c 100644 --- a/dan/10/16.md +++ b/dan/10/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# One who was like the sons of man -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. AT: "This one, who looked like a human" -## translationNotes +# like the sons of man -* **One who looked like a human being** - This refers to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. AT: "This one who looked like a human" -* **the vision has turned my anguish on me** - "the vision has made my anguish make me very weak" or "because I saw this vision, my fear makes me weak" -* **anguish** - severe emotional suffering -* **there is no breath left in me** - AT: "I cannot breathe" or "it's very hard to breathe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). +Here this expression refers to human beings in general. AT: "like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# agony + +severe emotional suffering + +# I am your servant. How can I talk with my master? + +Daniel asks this question meaning that he cannot speak to the angel because he is not the angel's equal. These sentences can be combined. AT: "I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# there is no breath left in me + +This idiom refers to breathing. AT: "I cannot breathe" or "it's very hard to breathe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/18.md b/dan/10/18.md index eb4f3ad4f7..f64af63413 100644 --- a/dan/10/18.md +++ b/dan/10/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the one with an appearance of a man -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] +"the one who looked like a human" -## translationNotes +# Be strong now, be strong -* **The one with an appearance like a human being ** - AT: The one who looked like a human" -* **Be strong now; be strong -** - ** The words "be strong" are repeated for emphasis. -* **I was strengthened** - AT: "I became strong" +The words "be strong" are repeated for emphasis. + +# man greatly treasured + +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "you whom God greatly treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I was strengthened + +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "I became strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/20.md b/dan/10/20.md index 8289942d91..8700848141 100644 --- a/dan/10/20.md +++ b/dan/10/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the prince of Persia -* [[en:tw:greece]] -* [[en:tw:michael]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +Here "prince" refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](./12.md). AT: "the spirit prince of Persia" -## translationNotes +# But I will tell you -* **the prince of Persia** - "Prince" refers here to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. AT: “spirit prince.” See how you translated "the prince of the Persian kingdom" in [[en:bible:notes:dan:10:12]]. -* **what is written in the book of truth** - AT: "what the book of truth says" or "what someone wrote in the book of truth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who shows himself to be strong** - AT: "who proves himself to be strong" or "who remains faithful" -* **except Michael your prince** - AT: "Michael your prince is the only one who does this" -* **Michael your prince** - The word "your" is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. AT: "Michael, the prince of your people" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **prince** - See how you translated "prince" when it refers to Michael in [[en:bible:notes:dan:10:12]]. +This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. AT: "But first I will tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# what is written in The Book of Truth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what The Book of Truth says" or "what someone wrote in The Book of Truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who shows himself to be strong + +"who proves himself to be strong" + +# There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince + +"Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them" or "Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them" + +# Michael your prince + +The word "your" is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. AT: "Michael, the prince of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Michael your prince + +"Michael your guardian angel." Translate "prince" when it refers to Michael as you did [Daniel 10:13](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/intro.md b/dan/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06515b4391 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Daniel 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/01.md b/dan/11/01.md index b9b73fbb4a..3f85a02d81 100644 --- a/dan/11/01.md +++ b/dan/11/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:darius]] -* [[en:tw:greece]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth. This is as he said he would do in [Daniel 10:21](../10/20.md). -## translationNotes +# In the first year of Darius -* In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth as he said he would in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:10:20]]. -* **In the first year of Darius** - "In the first year of the reign of Darius" -* **Three kings will arise in Persia** - AT: "Three kings will rule over Persia" -* **a fourth will be far richer than all the others** - "after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him" (See: Ordinal Numbers) -* **power** - Possible meanings are 1) authority or 2) military power -* **he will stir up everyone** - AT: "cause everyone to be disturbed so that they will fight" or "cause everyone to fight" +Darius was the King of the Medes. "The first year" refers to the first year that he was king. AT: "In the first year of the reign of Darius" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Three kings will arise in Persia + +"Three kings will rule over Persia" + +# a fourth will be far richer than all the others + +"after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# power + +Possible meanings are 1) authority or 2) military power. + +# he will stir up everyone + +"he will cause everyone to want to fight" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/03.md b/dan/11/03.md index b2de851ec1..ee15701a56 100644 --- a/dan/11/03.md +++ b/dan/11/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# A mighty king will rise up -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **A mighty king will rise up** - "A mighty king will appear" or "A mighty king will begin to reign" -* **who will rule a very great kingdom** - Possible meanings are 1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or 2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power. -* **the four winds of heaven** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:07:01]] -* **it will not be given to his descendants** - AT: "his descendants will not rule his kingdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his kingdom will be uprooted and given to others who are not his descendants** - AT: "another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom, and others who are not his descendants will rule over it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. AT: "A mighty king will begin to reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who will rule a very great kingdom + +Possible meanings are 1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or 2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power. + +# his kingdom will be broken and divided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his kingdom will break apart and divide" or "his kingdom will break apart into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the four winds of heaven + +See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/01.md). + +# but not to his own descendants + +The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. AT: "but it will not be divided for his own descendants" or "but it will not be shared by his own descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his kingdom will be uprooted for others besides his descendants + +The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. This idea can be expressed in active form. AT: "another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/05.md b/dan/11/05.md index 37bb44d224..c7b8614e57 100644 --- a/dan/11/05.md +++ b/dan/11/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# one of his commanders will become even stronger than he and will rule his kingdom with great power -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **one of his commanders will become stronger than he and will rule an even greater kingdom** - A commander of the king of the South will become the king of the North. -* **they will make an alliance** - The king of the South will make an alliance with the king of the North. This alliance would be a formal agreement that both nations are required to follow. AT: "the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together." -* **The daughter of the king of the South will come...to confirm the agreement** - The king of the South will give his daughter in marriage the king of the North. The marriage will confirm the agreement between the two kings. -* **she will be abandoned** - AT: "they will abandon her." This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A commander of the king of the South will become the king of the North. + +# they will make an alliance + +The king of the South will make an alliance with the king of the North. This alliance would be a formal agreement that both nations are required to follow. AT: "the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together." + +# The daughter of the king of the South will come ... to confirm the agreement + +The king of the South will give his daughter in marriage to the king of the North. The marriage will confirm the agreement between the two kings. + +# her arm's strength ... his arm + +Here "arm" stands for power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She will be abandoned + +This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. This phrase may be expressed in active form. AT: "They will abandon her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/07.md b/dan/11/07.md index 4f318d9c46..d24529bcff 100644 --- a/dan/11/07.md +++ b/dan/11/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# a branch from her roots -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **a branch from her roots** - The family is spoken of in terms of a tree. The roots represent ancestors and the branches represent descendants. AT: "a descendant of her ancestors" or "one of her relatives" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **her roots** - The word "her" refers to the daughter of the king of the South in [[en:bible:notes:dan:11:05]]. -* **He will attack the army** - The word "he" refers to her relative, and here it includes his army. AT: "He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **but he will withdraw** - The word "he" refers to the king of the North. +This family is spoken of as if it were a tree. The roots represent ancestors, and the branch represents a descendant. AT: "a descendant of her ancestors" or "one of her descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her roots + +The word "her" refers to the daughter of the king of the South in [Daniel 11:6](./05.md). + +# He will attack the army + +The word "he" refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his army. AT: "He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He will fight them + +Here "them" represents the soldiers of the enemy army. AT: "He will fight the enemy soldiers" + +# but he will withdraw + +The word "he" refers to the king of the North. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/10.md b/dan/11/10.md index 08b9dd119f..ea825035f9 100644 --- a/dan/11/10.md +++ b/dan/11/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# His sons -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **His sons** - "The sons of the king of the North" -* **will wage war** - AT: "will fight against their enemies" -* **assemble a great army** - AT: "gather together many men who can fight in battles" -* **will overflow like a flood** - The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. AT: "will be so great in number that they will cover all the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"The sons of the king of the North" + +# assemble a great army + +"gather together many men who can fight in battles" + +# will flood everything + +The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. AT: "will be so great in number that they will cover all the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/11.md b/dan/11/11.md index 0c1c793e1b..bb4799ad49 100644 --- a/dan/11/11.md +++ b/dan/11/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# will raise up a great army -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **it will be handed over to king of the South.** - AT: "God will hand the army over to the king of the South" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **When the army is carried off** - AT: "When the king of the South captures the army of the North" -* **will be filled with pride** - "will become very proud" -* **will have many thousands of his enemies killed** - "will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies" or "will kill many thousands of his enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **many thousands** - See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]. +"will assemble a great army" + +# the army will be given into his hand + +Here "hand" represents the control of the king of the South. AT: "the king will surrender the army to the king of the South" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The army will be carried off + +This may be expressed in active form. AT: "The king of the South will capture the army of the North" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be lifted up + +Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. AT: "will become very proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will make tens of thousands to fall + +Here falling represents dying in battle. AT: "will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies" or "will kill many thousands of his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tens of thousands + +"many thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/13.md b/dan/11/13.md index c1ac00a307..9569e6cffc 100644 --- a/dan/11/13.md +++ b/dan/11/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# a great army supplied with much equipment -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **a great army supplied with much equipment** - AT: "a great army that has a lot of equipment" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "a great army that has much equipment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/14.md b/dan/11/14.md index 0520a93482..36ffb96e50 100644 --- a/dan/11/14.md +++ b/dan/11/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# many will rise against the king -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **many will rise against the king** - “many people will rebel against the king” -* **they will stumble and fall** - "they will not be able to resist the king, and they will die"" +Here the idea of rising up represents rebelling. AT: "many people will rebel against the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Sons of the violent + +This expression stands for violent people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will stumble + +Here stumbling represents failing. AT: "they will not succeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/15.md b/dan/11/15.md index 124bf923c6..e643b10ba3 100644 --- a/dan/11/15.md +++ b/dan/11/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# The king of the North will come -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **The king of the North will come** - AT: "The army of the king of the North will come" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will not be able to stand** - AT: "will not be able to keep fighting against them" -* **he will establish himself** - AT: "the king will set up his rule" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the beautiful land** - This probably refers to Israel. -* **with complete destruction in his hand** - AT: "and he will have power to destroy anything in his way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "king of the North" includes his army also. AT: "The army of the king of the North will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# pour out earth for siege mounds + +This refers to the piling up of earth in order for soldiers to reach the height of city walls in order to attack them. Soldiers and slaves would put loose earth in baskets, carry them to the right place, and pour it out in order to raise the mounds. + +# fortifications + +walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers + +# will not be able to stand + +Here standing represents the ability to fight. AT: "will not be able to keep fighting against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the one who comes will act according to his desires against him + +"the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king" + +# He will stand in + +Here standing represents ruling. AT: "The king will begin to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the land of beauty + +This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 08:09](../08/09.md). + +# destruction will be in his hand + +Here "destruction" represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. AT: "he will have power to destroy anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/17.md b/dan/11/17.md index bbcce64d8f..6ce566df13 100644 --- a/dan/11/17.md +++ b/dan/11/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# set his face -* He continues speaking to Daniel. -* **come with the strength** - AT: "come with the force of the army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will put an end to his insolence** - "will make the king of the North stop being arrogant toward others" -* **will cause his insolence to turn back upon him** - AT: "will cause the king of the North to experience the arrogant behavior that he treated others with" or "will cause the king of the North to receive the shameful treatment that he gave to other people" -* **he will not be found** - AT: "he will disappear" or "he will die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. AT: "decide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# come with the strength of his entire kingdom + +This probably refers to military power. AT: "come with the force of all his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a daughter of women + +This is an elegant way of saying "a woman." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will end his arrogance + +"will make the king of the North stop being arrogant" + +# will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him + +"will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others" + +# he will pay attention + +"the king of the North will pay attention" + +# he will not be found + +This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. AT: "he will disappear" or "he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/20.md b/dan/11/20.md index d477cc3b53..2bf35a5134 100644 --- a/dan/11/20.md +++ b/dan/11/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:tax]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# someone will rise up in his place -* **Then one will rise up in his place** - AT: "Then another man will succeed the king of the North" or "Then another man will become king of the North" -* **will force taxes to be paid** - AT: "will force people to pay taxes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royalty** - "a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king." They will refuse to honor him because he does not have royal ancestors so he does not have the right to become king. -* **A great army will be swept away like a flood before him** - AT: "He will sweep away a great army like a flood" or "His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys anything in its path." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]). -* **that army and the leader established by the covenant will be destroyed** - AT: "he will destroy that army and the leader established by the covenant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the leader established by the covenant** - This covenant is probably God's covenant with Israel. AT: "the one whom God made to be the leader of his covenant with Israel" or "the leader of Israel's priests" +Rising up in a king's place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. AT: "another man will become king of the North instead of that king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will make a tax collector pass through + +The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. AT: "will send someone to make the people pay taxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will be broken + +Here "he" refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. AT: "the new king will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but not in anger + +Possible meanings are 1) no one was angry at the king, or 2) that the occasion and cause of the king's death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power + +The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. AT: "a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# An army will be swept away like a flood from before him + +Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]). + +# Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the leader of the covenant + +"the leader of the priests." This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/23.md b/dan/11/23.md index 02151825dd..ca7673103b 100644 --- a/dan/11/23.md +++ b/dan/11/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:province]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# From the time an alliance is made with him -* **From the time an alliance is made with him** - The word "him" refers to the king of the North. AT: "When he makes a peace treaty" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **spreading among his followers** - "giving to his followers" -* **the booty, the plunder, and the wealth** - This refers to valuable things that an army steals when it conquers a city or village. AT: "the valuable things that he and his army steal from the people they defeat" +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "When other rulers make a peace treaty with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will spread among his followers + +"will distribute to his followers" + +# the booty, the plunder, and the wealth + +"the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/25.md b/dan/11/25.md index ccc941e79a..11d4b8f146 100644 --- a/dan/11/25.md +++ b/dan/11/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# He will wake up his power and his heart -* **stir up his power and courage ... with a great army** - "With a great army, he will become powerful and bold to attack the king of the South" or "He will gather a powerful army so he can boldly attack the king of the South" -* **will wage war** - "will fight against him" -* **because of all the plots devised against him** - AT: "because of all the plots that people devise against him" or "because people plan many ways to hurt him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **those who eat from the king's table** - This refers to the king's advisors. -* **His army will be swept away like a flood** - "His enemy will defeat his army." See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:dan:11:20]]. -* **many of them will be killed** - AT: "the enemy will kill many of his soldiers" or "many of his soldiers will die in the battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will sit at the same table** - They will meet together and try to make an agreement with each other. -* **with their hearts set on evil against each other** - This means that they want to harm each other. -* **but for no purpose** - This means that they will not succeed in making an alliance with each other. -* **For the end will come at the time that has been fixed** - This tells why their meetings will not be successful. AT: The end of their fighting will only come at the time that God has fixed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. AT: "He will make himself powerful and will become courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# heart + +Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with a great army + +"with a great army that he will assemble" + +# will wage war + +"will fight against him" + +# he will not stand + +Not standing represents being defeated. AT: "the king of the South will be defeated" or "his army will be defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who eat his fine food + +This refers to the king's advisers. It was usual for a king's most trusted advisers to eat meals with him. AT: "the king's best advisers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His army will be swept away like a flood + +Here the severe defeat of an army is spoken of as a flood of water that completely sweeps it away. AT: "The enemy will completely defeat his army" or "His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# many of them will fall killed + +Here "fall" is an idiom that refers to dying in battle, so "fall" and "killed" mean basically the same thing. AT: "many of his soldiers will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with their hearts set on evil against each other + +Here "heart" represents a person's desires. Desires are spoken of here as if they were an object that someone could set or place in a certain position. AT: "each determined to do evil to the other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will sit at the same table + +Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but it will be of no use + +"but their talking will not help them" + +# For the end will come at the time that has been fixed + +This tells why their meetings will not be successful. AT: "The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/28.md b/dan/11/28.md index 5fdd5fed51..24b6451a8c 100644 --- a/dan/11/28.md +++ b/dan/11/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# riches, with his heart set against the holy covenant -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] +Here "heart" represents the mind or thoughts of a person. The idiom "his heart set against" means to be determined to oppose something. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "riches. He will be determined to oppose the holy covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# with his heart set against the holy covenant -* **his heart will be set against** - AT: "he firmly decided to harm" and "he set his mind against" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The king's desire to act against the holy covenant represents his desire to stop the Israelites from obeying that covenant. AT: "determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the holy covenant + +Here "holy" describes God's covenant with Israel. It implies that the covenant should be honored and obeyed because it comes from God himself. AT: "God's covenant, which all the Israelites should obey" + +# He will act + +This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. AT: "He will do what he wants to in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/29.md b/dan/11/29.md index 1d1dfafa4c..c2b75942fc 100644 --- a/dan/11/29.md +++ b/dan/11/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# ships of Kittim will come against him -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The ships represent the army coming in those ships. AT: "an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Kittim -* **Kittim** - This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **he will be disheartened** - AT: "he will become discouraged" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He will be enraged** - AT: "He will become very angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will show favor** - AT: "will give special attention to" +This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He will be furious against the holy covenant + +"He will hate the holy covenant" + +# will show favor to those + +"will act in favor for those" or "will help those" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/31.md b/dan/11/31.md index 3092618e28..666e6788f2 100644 --- a/dan/11/31.md +++ b/dan/11/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# His forces will rise up -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +"His army will appear" or "His army will come." The word "His" refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the fortress sanctuary -* **His forces will rise up** - AT: "His army will appear" or "His army will come." The word "His" refers to the king of the North. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the abomination that causes complete desolation** - AT: "the disgusting thing that makes the temple unclean" or "the disgusting thing that causes God to abandon the temple" -* **seduce them** - "pull them to himself" or "turn them from God" -* **who know their God** - AT: "who are faithful to God" -* **will be strong and take action** - "will be firm and resist them" +"the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress" + +# They will take away the regular burnt offering + +Taking away the offering represents preventing people from offering it. AT: "They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the abomination that causes desolation + +This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. AT: "the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# acted wickedly against the covenant + +"wickedly disobeyed the covenant" + +# corrupt them + +"persuade them to do evil" + +# who know their God + +Here "know" means "be faithful." AT: "who are faithful to their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will be strong and will take action + +"will be firm and resist them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/33.md b/dan/11/33.md index 35e9150801..f66ab656ff 100644 --- a/dan/11/33.md +++ b/dan/11/33.md @@ -1,20 +1,59 @@ -## translationWords +# they will stumble by the sword and by flame -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here "stumble" is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. Here "sword" represents battles and warfare, and "flame" represents fire. AT: "they will die in battle and by burning to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# they -* **will give understanding to many** - "will help many people understand" -* **the will fall by the sword** - The word "sword" here is used to refer to battles. AT: "they will be killed in battle" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they will be taken as prisoners and robbed of their possessions** - AT: "their enemies will put them in prison and steal their possessions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when they stumble ... the wise will stumble** - To "stumble" here means to be struck down by persecution. It does not imply that they sinned. -* **that they may be refined, cleansed, and made pure** - AT: "that God may refine them, cleanse them, and make them pure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **time of the end** - "end of time" or "when time is no more" -* **the appointed time is still to come** - AT: "the appointed time will be later" or "it is not yet the appointed" +This refers to the wise persons among the Israelites. + +# they will stumble into captivity and into being robbed for days + +Here "stumble" is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. The phrase "being robbed" can be stated in active form. AT: "they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will be helped with a little help + +This may be put into active form. AT: "others will give them a little help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# In hypocrisy many will join themselves with them + +This refers to other people who will pretend to help the wise persons, but not because they truly wish to help them. + +# will join themselves + +Here "join themselves" represents "come to help." AT: "will come to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Some of the wise will stumble ... until the time of the end + +This suffering will continue until the time when God has decided that it will end. + +# Some of the wise will stumble + +Here "stumble" represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that refining will happen to them + +Here "so that" means "with the result that." AT: "with the result that refining will happen to them" + +# refining will happen to them, and cleansing, and purifying + +These three activities are expressed here as if they were things. However, they may be expressed as actions, either in passive form or in active form. AT: "they will be refined, cleansed, and purified" or "their suffering will refine, cleanse, and purify them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# refining + +This refers to the purifying of metal by melting it in a fire. When God makes his people more faithful to himself, this is spoken of as if they were metal that a worker was making more pure by putting it into fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cleansing + +This refers to making people, places, or objects suitable for God's use by separating them from sin and other forms of evil. It speaks of evil as if it were physical dirtiness that could be removed by washing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# purifying + +This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# time of the end + +"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/15.md). + +# the appointed time is still to come + +Here "appointed time" implies that God has set the time. This can be put into active form. AT: "Yahweh has set the time in the future" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/36.md b/dan/11/36.md index 161a18c90b..45b130ab5d 100644 --- a/dan/11/36.md +++ b/dan/11/36.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The king will act according to his desires -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +"The king will do whatever he wants" -## translationNotes +# The king -* **The king** - AT: "The king of the North" -* **exalt and magnify** - The words "exalt" and "magnify" mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]). -* **astonishing things** - "terrible things" or "shocking things" -* **the God of gods** - If this phrase would make people think that there really are more than one god, then it might be necessary to translate it differently. AT: "the supreme God" or "the only true God" +This refers to the king of the North. + +# lift himself up and make himself great + +The phrases "lift himself up" and "make himself great" mean the same thing and indicate that the king will become very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# lift himself up + +Here this represents becoming very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make himself great + +Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the God of gods + +This refers to the one true God. AT: "the supreme God" or "the only true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# astonishing things + +"terrible things" or "shocking things" + +# until the wrath is completed + +This phrase pictures God as storing up his wrath until his storeroom is completely full of it and he is ready to act according to it. AT: "until God is completely angry with him" or "until God is angry enough to take action against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the god desirable to women + +This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/38.md b/dan/11/38.md index f1b5c8dc2d..1af0f14a10 100644 --- a/dan/11/38.md +++ b/dan/11/38.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the god of fortresses -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people's fortresses and keep his own. AT: "the god that controls fortresses" -## translationNotes +# instead of these -* **Instead of them** - The word "them" refers to the gods mentioned in [[en:bible:notes:dan:11:36]] -* **the god of fortresses** - "the god that controls fortresses." He probably believes that this false god will either protect his fortresses or help him to attack other people's fortresses. -* **he will divide up the land for a price** - Possible meanings are 1) "he will give the land to his followers as a reward" or 2) "he will sell land to his followers" +The word "these" refers to the gods mentioned in [Daniel 11:37](./36.md). + +# he will divide up the land as a reward + +Possible meanings are 1) "he will give the land to his followers as a reward" or 2) "he will sell land to his followers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/40.md b/dan/11/40.md index 33712f2ec6..9fdc1e50c8 100644 --- a/dan/11/40.md +++ b/dan/11/40.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the time of the end -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/15.md). -## translationNotes +# the king of the South ... The king of the North -* **the king of the South** - AT: "the army of the king of the South" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The king of the North** - AT: "the army of the king of the North" -* **like a storm** - The violence of the army is compared to the destruction caused by a strong storm. AT: "violently" or "violently like a storm" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He will invade** - AT: "The king of the North will invade" -* **like a flood** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:11:10]] -* **the glorious land** - This refers to land of Israel. See how you translated a similar phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:08:09]] -* **many will stumble and fall ** - AT: "many Israelites will die." See how you translated a similar phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:dan:11:14]] -* **will escape from his hand** - “will escape from him” or “will escape from his power” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. AT: "the king of the South and his army ... The king of the North and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will storm against him + +Violently attacking with an army is spoken of as if a storm happened. AT: "will attack him like a violent storm" or "will violently attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# flood them + +When an army overruns a country, it is spoken of as if a flood occurred. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pass through + +Nothing will stop the army. AT: "will pass through the lands with no one to stop him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the land of beauty + +This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 08:09](../08/09.md) and [Daniel 11:16](./15.md). + +# will fall + +Here falling represents the action of dying. AT: "will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But these will escape from his hand + +Here "hand" represents power. AT: "But these will escape from his power" or "But he will not be able to destroy these nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/42.md b/dan/11/42.md index ca9527daa8..4d272cb428 100644 --- a/dan/11/42.md +++ b/dan/11/42.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This is still about the king of the North. -## translationNotes +# He will extend his hand into lands -* This is still about the king of the North. -* **the Libyans and the Ethiopians** - "the people of Libya and Ethiopia." Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Ethiopia is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "hand" represents power and control. AT: "He will extend his control over various lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into lands + +Here the idea is many lands or various lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the land of Egypt will not be rescued + +This can be put into active form. AT: "the land of Egypt will not escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps + +Here "footsteps" represent submission. AT: "the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the Libyans and the Cushites + +"the people of Libya and Cush." Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/44.md b/dan/11/44.md index da946e01ea..b4f9b20106 100644 --- a/dan/11/44.md +++ b/dan/11/44.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +This is still about the king of the North. -## translationNotes +# he will go out with great rage -* This is still about the king of the North. -* **he will go out with great rage** - AT: "he will be very angry and will go out" or "he will become very angry and will go out with his army" -* **the mountain of the beauty of holiness** - This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God's temple was (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). AT: "the beautiful, holy mountain." See how you translated similar phrases in [[en:bible:notes:dan:09:15]] and [[en:bible:notes:dan:09:20]]. -* [[:en:bible:notes:dan:11:42]] ]] +The abstract noun "rage" can be expressed with the word "angry." It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. AT: "he will be very angry and will go out" or "he will become very angry and will go out with his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# go out + +To "go out" represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to set many apart for destruction + +"to destroy many people" + +# the tent of his royal residence + +This refers to the king's luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war. + +# between the seas and the mountain of the beauty of holiness + +This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Mount in Jerusalem. + +# the mountain of the beauty of holiness + +This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God's temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/15.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/intro.md b/dan/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0bc3d95ae9 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Daniel 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The final prophecy continues in this chapter. The kings of the North and of the South will fight many wars against each other. The king of the South is probably a reference to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/01.md b/dan/12/01.md index 9a39beec29..8eddf53adf 100644 --- a/dan/12/01.md +++ b/dan/12/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:contempt]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:michael]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +The angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/04.md) continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Michael, the great prince -* The angel continues telling Daniel what he started telling him in [[en:bible:notes:dan:10:20]]. -* **your people will be saved** - AT: "God will save your people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **whose name is found written in the book** - AT: "whose name God has written in the book" or "whose name is in the book" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title "great prince." + +# Michael ... will rise up + +Here "rise up" is an idiom that means to appear. AT: "Michael ... will appear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your people will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. AT: "God will save your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# whose name is found written in the book + +This can be stated in active form. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. AT: "whose name God has written in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who sleep in the dust of the earth will rise up + +The phrase "sleep in the dust of the earth" is another way of referring to those who have died. Here "rise up" is an idiom that means to come back to life. AT: "those who have died will come back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/03.md b/dan/12/03.md index ddc58e1084..170de8f9ff 100644 --- a/dan/12/03.md +++ b/dan/12/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the sky above -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:run]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This refers to God's people who will share their wisdom with those around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# those who turn many to righteousness -* **will shine like the brightness of the sky above** - AT: "will be bright like the sky is when the sun is shining" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **who turn many to righteousness** - AT: "who teach others to live righteously" -* **are like the stars forever and ever** - AT: "will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **until the time of the end** - AT: "until the time of the end starts" +This refers to those who help others understand that they are separated from God, as if they were changing the direction in which they were going. AT: "those who teach others to live righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who turn ... are like the stars forever and ever + +These people are compared to the stars that shine. AT: "those who turn ... will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# close up these words; keep the book sealed + +Here "words" represents the book. AT: "close this book and keep it sealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# time of the end + +"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/15.md). + +# Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase + +This seems to happen before "the time of the end" during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. AT: "Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/05.md b/dan/12/05.md index d4e583eadb..dd05d25ec9 100644 --- a/dan/12/05.md +++ b/dan/12/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md). -## translationNotes +# there were two others standing -* The angel has finished speaking, and Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [[en:bible:notes:dan:10:04]]. -* **"How long will it be to the end of these amazing events?"** - AT: "How long will these amazing events happen" or "How long will these amazing events last?" -* **the man clothed in linen** - This refers to the man who has been speaking to Daniel, not to one of the men that were standing beside the river. +"there were two other angels standing" + +# the man clothed in linen + +This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/04.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# upstream along the river + +Possible meanings are 1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or 2) the angel was further upstream along the river. + +# How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? + +"How long will these amazing events last?" This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events. + +# these amazing events + +At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/07.md b/dan/12/07.md index 0b4842e28f..0b713f35d1 100644 --- a/dan/12/07.md +++ b/dan/12/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the man clothed in linen -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# upstream along the river -* **the man clothed in linen** - AT: "the man who was wearing linen clothes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the one who lives forever** - "God, who lives forever" -* **When the shattering of the power of the holy people comes to an end** - AT: "When those who break the power of the holy people are finished" -* **all these things will be completed** - AT: "all these things will have happened" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the man clothed in linen was above the river or 2) the man was further upstream along the river. + +# the one who lives forever + +"God, who lives forever" + +# it would be for a time, times, and half a time + +It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md). + +# a time, times, and half a time + +"three and a half years." These "times" are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half. + +# all these things will be completed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all these things will have happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all these things + +At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This refers to the the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/08.md b/dan/12/08.md index 8badc6ed32..627d278579 100644 --- a/dan/12/08.md +++ b/dan/12/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# My master -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Daniel refers to the angel clothed in linen as "My master" to show respect to the angel. -## translationNotes +# of all these things -* **of all these things** - AT: "of all the things I have seen" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the words are shut up and sealed** - AT: "you have closed up and sealed the words you have written" or "you have closed and sealed the book" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the time of the end** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:dan:12:03]]. +At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11. + +# for the words are shut up and sealed + +The vision that was given to Daniel was not to be explained. The book was sealed and no one could access it. AT: "for you are to close up and seal the words you have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the time of the end + +"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/10.md b/dan/12/10.md index 52317bab00..f78027da1b 100644 --- a/dan/12/10.md +++ b/dan/12/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# Many will be purified, cleansed, and refined -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **Many will be purified, cleansed, and refined** - AT: "God will purify, cleanse, and refine many people." These three terms mean basically the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **refined** - purified by removing anything that does not belong in them -* **the regular burnt offering is ... is set up** - AT: “the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the abomination that causes complete desolation** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:dan:11:31]]. -* **1,290 days** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Yahweh does the purifying. These three terms mean basically the same thing. AT: "Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# refined + +purified by removing anything that does not belong in them + +# but the wicked will act wickedly + +The evil people will do evil or sinful things. + +# None of the wicked will understand + +The evil people can not understand spiritual knowledge. + +# but those who are wise will understand + +"but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand" + +# the regular burnt offering is ... is set up + +The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. AT: "the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the abomination that causes complete desolation + +This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). AT: "the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# 1,290 days + +"one thousand two and hundred ninety days" or "twelve hundred and ninety days." Here "days" refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/12.md b/dan/12/12.md index 579c8af25c..e8d629d53e 100644 --- a/dan/12/12.md +++ b/dan/12/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel. -## translationNotes +# Blessed is the one who waits -* The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -* **Blessed is the one who waits** - "Blessed is the person who waits" or "Blessed is anyone who waits" -* **waits** - "endures" or "remains faithful" (UDB) -* **the 1,335 days** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **you must go** - "Daniel, you must go" -* **you will rest** - This is a gentle way of saying "you will die." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **the place assigned to you** - "the place God has assigned to you" +"Blessed is the person who waits" or "Blessed is anyone who waits" + +# waits + +"endures" or "remains faithful" + +# the 1,335 days + +"one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days" or "thirteen hundred and thirty-five days." Here "days" is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# You must go + +"Daniel, you must go" This refers to Daniel continuing to live and serve the kings until the appointed time of his death. + +# you will rest + +This is a gentle way of saying "you will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# You will rise + +This is referring to the first resurrection of the dead when the righteous people will be raised up. + +# the place assigned to you + +"the place God has assigned to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/intro.md b/dan/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a94d105456 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Daniel 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/front/intro.md b/dan/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..008b899d38 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +====== Introduction to Daniel====== + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Daniel #### + +1. The time and place of the Book of Daniel; the first trials and tests of the exiles (1:1–21) +1. The dream of Nebuchadnezzar and its interpretation (2:1–49) +1. The golden image, the fiery furnace, and deliverance (3:1–30) +1. Deciphering Nebuchadnezzar's dream; his fall from power (4:1–37) +1. Belshazzar's feast and the writing on the wall; Daniel in the lions' den (5:1–6:28) +1. The vision of the four beasts (7:1–28) +1. The vision of the ram and the goat (8:1–27) +1. Daniel's prayer and Gabriel's answer (9:1–23) +1. The vision of the seventy weeks (9:24–27) +1. Daniel's vision of a man (10:1–11:1) +1. The kings of the South and the North (11:2–20) +1. A contemptible person rises up, until the desolation is completed (11:21–12:4) +1. The time of the end (12:5–13) + +#### What is the Book of Daniel about? #### + +The Book of Daniel is about several Jewish young men, Daniel and his friends, who were taken to Babylon as prisoners from Jerusalem. The first section of the book (Chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends, and about how they were faithful to Yahweh even though they were living in a pagan land and serving a pagan king. It praises their faithfulness to Yahweh as they were faced with difficulties, and it tells how he rewarded them. + +Following this is a section of prophetic visions (Chapters 7–12). Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–12 are prophecies and visions leading up to the destruction of Jerusalem and the appearance of a type of the great enemy of God, ending with a final vision in Chapter 12 that leads up to the time of the Messiah. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"The Book of Daniel" may also be called "The Book About Daniel" or "The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Daniel? #### + +Daniel was a Jewish governmental official in Babylon during the exile. He may have written the book himself or at least the original parts of the book, which were perhaps later put together in the way we have it now. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why is there a missing week in Daniel's prophecy? #### + +There is much speculation regarding Daniel's "missing week." It is best for translators to allow this mystery to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +===When do the seventy weeks begin?=== +An exact date for the beginning of the prophecy of the seventy weeks is unknown. The timeline begins when a decree is issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem, but there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. + +#### Who was Darius the Mede? #### + +Darius the Mede was a king of Babylon who sent Daniel into the lion's den. Unfortunately, his name is not known in history outside of The Book of Daniel. Many explanations about who Darius was have been suggested, but they are not certain. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How does Daniel use the word "king"? #### + +There are many kings in Daniel, but not all of the kings were rulers of all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have been kings of regions or cities. + +#### How many chapters does Daniel have? #### + +Daniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include the stories called "Bel and the Dragon" and "The Prayer of Azariah," but few people believe that these stories are equal in authority with the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/01.md b/deu/01/01.md index 20fa40bb4b..e9b1852213 100644 --- a/deu/01/01.md +++ b/deu/01/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# beyond the Jordan -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:horeb|Horeb]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh|Kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he spoke to the Israelites. AT: "east of the Jordan" -## translationNotes +# Suph ... Paran ... Tophel ... Laban ... Hazeroth ... Dizahab -* **Suph...Paran, Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and DiZahab** - These are all villages in the wilderness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **eleven days' journey** - "11 days' journey" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It is eleven days' journey from Horeb ... to Kadesh Barnea + +"It takes eleven days to walk from Horeb ... to Kadesh Barnea" + +# Mount Seir + +This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called "Edom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# eleven + +"11" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/03.md b/deu/01/03.md index 255a303006..6bc2862d99 100644 --- a/deu/01/03.md +++ b/deu/01/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The ordinal numbers can be translated as cardinal numbers. AT: "They had lived in the wilderness for 40 years, 11 months, and 1 day, when Moses spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# fortieth -* **It happened in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke** - "They had lived in the wilderness 40 years, 11 months, and 1 day, when Moses spoke" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Sihon...Og** - These are names of kings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Heshbon...Ashtaroth at Edrei** - These are names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +40th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month + +This is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# eleventh + +11th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Yahweh had attacked + +"Yahweh had enabled the Israelites to defeat" + +# Sihon ... Og + +These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heshbon ... Ashtaroth at Edrei + +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/05.md b/deu/01/05.md index bb4762a618..0ad6f23bd3 100644 --- a/deu/01/05.md +++ b/deu/01/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Beyond the Jordan -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:horeb|Horeb]] -* [[en:tw:jordan-river]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](./01.md). AT: "East of the Jordan River" -## translationNotes +# spoke to us -* **Beyond the Jordan** - "Beyond the Jordan River" -* **spoke to us** - The word "us" refers to Moses and the other people of Israel. -* **You have lived long enough in this hill country** - This phrase means "You do not need to stay at this mountain any longer." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "us" refers to Moses and the other people of Israel. + +# You have lived long enough in this hill country + +This is an idiom. AT: "You do not need to stay near this mountain any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/07.md b/deu/01/07.md index 5ffe0a932e..3b20ed78cb 100644 --- a/deu/01/07.md +++ b/deu/01/07.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them. -## translationNotes +# Turn and take your journey -* Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them. -* **take your journey** - AT: "set out on a journey" -* **hill country...Euphrates River** - Yahweh is describing which areas are a part of the land that he has promised to give to the Israelites. -* **hill country** - the areas in the hills around the place where the Amorites lived -* **lowland** - an area of low hills between the high hill country and the planes near the coast +The word "turn" is an idiom for beginning action. AT: "Start again on your journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# hill country ... Euphrates + +Yahweh is describing places in the land that he has promised to give to the Israelites. + +# hill country + +This is an area in the hills near the place where the Amorites lived. + +# lowland + +an area of land that is low and flat + +# Look + +"Pay attention to what I am about to say" + +# I have set the land before you + +"I am now giving this land to you" + +# that Yahweh swore + +Yahweh is speaking as if he were another person. AT: "that I, Yahweh, swore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# fathers + +The word "fathers" is a synecdoche for all ancestors. AT: "ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/09.md b/deu/01/09.md index fa728da859..2652df9dfa 100644 --- a/deu/01/09.md +++ b/deu/01/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them. -## translationNotes +# I spoke to you at that time -* **I spoke to you at that time** - Here "I" refers to Moses. The phrase "at that time" refers to when the Israelites were at Horeb, which is the same as Mount Sinai. AT: "Also, when we were at Horeb, I spoke to you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I am not able to carry you myself alone** - AT: "I cannot take care of all of you by myself" -* **as the stars of heaven for multitude** - This is an exaggeration to show that God has been faithful to his promise by making it so that there are lots of Israelites. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **thousand** - "1,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here "I" refers to Moses. The phrase "at that time" refers to when the Israelites were at Horeb, which is the same as Mount Sinai. AT: "When we were at Horeb, I spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am not able to carry you myself alone + +Here "to carry you" means "to lead you" or "to govern you." AT: "It is too much for me to lead you by myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as the multitude of the stars of heaven + +This is an exaggeration that means God has greatly increased the number of Israelites. AT: "a great crowd of many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a thousand times + +The phrase "a thousand" is a metaphor for "very many." AT: "very many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a thousand + +1000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/12.md b/deu/01/12.md index 2372dc09c7..46c1d93836 100644 --- a/deu/01/12.md +++ b/deu/01/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:burden|burden]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# But how can I myself alone carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes? -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **But how can I myself alone carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes?** - Moses uses a question to emphasize that he cannot solve every person's problems by himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **your loads, your burdens** - This means the people's problems and complaints are like a heavy load that Moses cannot carry alone. He needs others to help him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your disputes** - "your arguments" or "your disagreements" -* **and men of good repute, tribe by tribe** - AT: "and men that the people from each of your tribes know and respect" +Moses uses a question to emphasize that he cannot solve all of their problems by himself. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I cannot carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes by myself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# carry your loads, your burdens + +Moses speaks as if the people's problems and complaints that he needed to take care of were heavy physical objects that he had been carrying. AT: "take care of your problems, your complaints" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your disputes + +"your arguments" or "your disagreements" + +# men of good repute from each tribe + +"men from each tribe whom the people of Israel respect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/15.md b/deu/01/15.md index 0fa3126a9f..96080fd80d 100644 --- a/deu/01/15.md +++ b/deu/01/15.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# men of good repute -* **and men of good repute** - AT: "and men that the people respect" -* **of thousands...of hundreds...of fifties...of tens** - AT: "of groups of 1,000...of groups of 100...of groups of 50...and groups of 10" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **captains...officers** - These are titles for different positions in Israel's government. The officer had less authority than the captains. -* **tribe by tribe** - AT: "from each of your tribes" -* **judge righteously between a man and his brother** - AT: "make right and fair decisions for each man and his fellow Israelite" +"men whom your people respected." See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:13](./12.md). + +# of thousands ... of hundreds ... of fifties ... of tens + +"of groups of 1,000 ... of groups of 100 ... of groups of 50 ... and groups of 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# captains ... officers + +These are titles for different leaders in Israel's government. + +# tribe by tribe + +"from each of your tribes" + +# judge righteously between a man and his brother + +"make right and fair decisions about the disputes Israelites have with each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/17.md b/deu/01/17.md index 4e43852c48..eed4e2093f 100644 --- a/deu/01/17.md +++ b/deu/01/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:partial]] -* [[en:tw:partial|partial, partiality]] +Moses continues speaking to the judges, so the commands are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# You will not show partiality -* Moses continues speaking to the judges. -* **small and the great alike** - These are the rich and poor, the important and the common people. All are to be treated fairly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **you must not be afraid of the face of man** - AT: "you must not be afraid of anyone" -* **at that time** - AT: "when we were at Horeb" or "when we were at Mount Sinai" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Do not show partiality" + +# you will hear the small and the great alike + +These two extremes "small" and "great" represent all people. AT: "you will treat all people alike" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# You will not be afraid of the face of man + +The word "face" is a metonym for the whole person. "You will not" is a command. "Do not be afraid of anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# at that time + +This means the time when they were at Horeb, at Mount Sinai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/19.md b/deu/01/19.md index 72932fd1db..04ccc27685 100644 --- a/deu/01/19.md +++ b/deu/01/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:horeb|Horeb]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# terrible wilderness that you saw -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -* **terrible wilderness that you saw** - Keep in mind that the children that were too young to fight are now part of the older generation that saw everything from Egypt and beyond. +"large and dangerous desert that you crossed through" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/20.md b/deu/01/20.md index 1652b8410f..2fe7eca8d7 100644 --- a/deu/01/20.md +++ b/deu/01/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# Look ... your God ... before you; go up, take possession ... your fathers ... to you; do not be afraid, neither be discouraged -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so these forms should be singular, not plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]). + +# has set the land before you + +"is now giving this land to you." See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:8](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/22.md b/deu/01/22.md index b242bc87af..45310597ba 100644 --- a/deu/01/22.md +++ b/deu/01/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# twelve men -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -* **Valley of Eshcol** - This is a valley in the Hebron region which is south of Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"12 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# They turned and went + +Turning is an idiom for beginning to obey a command. AT: "They left that place and went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Valley of Eshkol + +This is a valley in the Hebron region, which is south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# scouted it + +"looked for places they could attack" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/25.md b/deu/01/25.md index 27cfe0d9ff..bebc693a42 100644 --- a/deu/01/25.md +++ b/deu/01/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# They took -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -* **They took some** - "The 12 men took some" -* **brought us word** - AT: "gave us an oral report" +"The 12 men took" + +# took some of the produce of the land in their hands + +"picked some of the produce of the land" + +# brought us word and said + +The speaker speaks as if a "word" were a physical object that someone could bring. AT: "told us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# said, 'It is a good land that Yahweh our God is giving to us.' + +The direct quotation can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "said that the land that Yahweh our God was giving to us was good" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/26.md b/deu/01/26.md index 7eac49a2b7..b4e2c87d2f 100644 --- a/deu/01/26.md +++ b/deu/01/26.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# Yet you refused to attack -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -* **Yet you refused to attack** - Israel was to attack and destroy the Amorites, but Israel rebelled and refused to fight them out of fear. -* **Where can we go now?** - The people use a question to emphasize their despair. AT: "We have nowhere to go" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **made our hearts to melt** - AT: "made us very afraid" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and are fortified up to the heavens** - This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **sons of the Anakim** - These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +God commanded the Israelites to attack and destroy the Amorites, but the Israelites were afraid and refused to fight them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# into the hand of the Amorites + +Here "into the hand" means to give the Amorites power over them. AT: "into the power of the Amorites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Where can we go now? + +Here this question emphasizes how afraid they were. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We have nowhere to go." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# made our heart to melt + +This means that they became afraid. AT: "made us very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# are fortified up to the heavens + +This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. AT: "have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# sons of the Anakim + +These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/29.md b/deu/01/29.md index 103ac13f91..199915ebc6 100644 --- a/deu/01/29.md +++ b/deu/01/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# I said to you -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -* **before your eyes** - AT: "which you yourselves saw" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh your God carried you, as a man carries his son** - AT: "Yahweh your God took care of you, like a father takes care of his son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **until you came to this place** - AT: "until you came to this land that God promised to give you" +"I said to your ancestors" + +# before your eyes + +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. AT: "which you yourselves saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you have seen ... Yahweh your God carried you ... you went ... you came + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Yahweh your God carried you, as a man carries his son + +Here Yahweh's care for his people is compared to that of a father. AT: "Yahweh your God has taken care of you, like a father takes care of his son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# until you came to this place + +"until you came to this land that God promised to give you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/32.md b/deu/01/32.md index 8c4839a0f4..2ce0b72c40 100644 --- a/deu/01/32.md +++ b/deu/01/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh your God ... who went before you -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -* **Yahweh!—who went before you...** - Moses reminds them of all the ways Yahweh had gone ahead of Israel in all their travels and that they should have continued to trust him in battle. +Moses reminds them of all the ways Yahweh had gone ahead of Israel during all their travels in the past. + +# make camp + +"put up your tents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/34.md b/deu/01/34.md index 89b720f16a..b5311f7939 100644 --- a/deu/01/34.md +++ b/deu/01/34.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:caleb|Caleb]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them. -## translationNotes +# heard the sound of your words -* **heard the voice of your words** - AT: "heard what you said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he swore and said** - God made a vow not to allow those who rebelled against him to enter the land He promised to give them. -* **will see** - "will enter" -* **save Caleb** - "except Caleb" -* **Jephunneh** - This is the name of Caleb's father. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **he has wholly followed Yahweh** - AT: "he has completely obeyed me" +"heard what you were saying" + +# he swore and said + +God made a vow not to allow those who rebelled against him to enter the land he promised to give them. + +# will see + +"will enter" + +# save Caleb + +"except Caleb" + +# Jephunneh + +This is the name of Caleb's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he has wholly followed Yahweh + +Yahweh speaks as if he were someone else. AT: "he has completely obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/37.md b/deu/01/37.md index d1ed177bbd..0114f25e55 100644 --- a/deu/01/37.md +++ b/deu/01/37.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:encourage|encourage, encouragement]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh was angry with me because of you -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -* **Yahweh was angry with me for your sakes** - This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. -* **Nun** - This is the name of Joshua's father. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Nun + +This is the name of Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who stands before you + +Why Joshua stands before Moses can be stated clearly. AT: "who stands before you as your servant" or "who helps you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/39.md b/deu/01/39.md index b9f066dfe2..88f38ed5f3 100644 --- a/deu/01/39.md +++ b/deu/01/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:redsea|Red Sea, Sea of Reeds]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# no knowledge of good or evil -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -* **no knowledge of good or evil** - This means the children were young and innocent. God would not punish them along with the adults who did not trust him. +They do not yet know what is good and what is evil. + +# turn and take your journey + +"turn around and go back on the road you have come on" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/41.md b/deu/01/41.md index ae7b073226..6a5241215c 100644 --- a/deu/01/41.md +++ b/deu/01/41.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# sinned against Yahweh -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -* **we will follow** - "we will obey" -* **to attack the hill country** - AT: "to attack the people who live in the hill country" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for I will not be with you'—so that you not be defeated by your enemies** - This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "Your enemies will defeat you because I will not be with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"we have rebelled against Yahweh by disobeying him" + +# we will follow + +"we will obey" + +# to attack the hill country + +Here the metonym "hill country" represents the people that live there. AT: "to attack the people who live in the hill country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for I will not be with you, and you will be defeated by your enemies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your enemies will defeat you because I will not be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/43.md b/deu/01/43.md index c50621726e..306c15c7a6 100644 --- a/deu/01/43.md +++ b/deu/01/43.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# attacked the hill country -* **attacked the hill country** - AT: "attacked the people who live in the hill country" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **chased you like bees** - A "bee" is a small, flying insect that stings and lives in hives with many other bees. This means that very many Amorites fiercely attacked the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Hormah** - This is a city in Seir. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The metonym "hill country" stands for the people who live there. AT: "attacked the people who live in the hill country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# chased you like bees + +A "bee" is a small, flying insect that flies in large groups and stings people who threaten them. This means that so many Amorites attacked the Israelite soldiers that they had to leave the battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Seir + +This is the name of a piece of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hormah + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# struck you down + +"killed many of your soldiers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/45.md b/deu/01/45.md index 24c94f7ed7..d2cb8aba16 100644 --- a/deu/01/45.md +++ b/deu/01/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh|Kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# returned -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. +"returned to Kadesh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/intro.md b/deu/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..65c0b91823 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Deuteronomy 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms a continuation with the last chapter of the book of Numbers. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's victory ##### +The chapter explains that Israel's conquering of the Promised Land will be done by Yahweh. They are not to fear the people of Canaan but be obedient to Yahweh. Yahweh is bringing about his judgement upon the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +##### Possessing the land ##### +While the Promised Land belongs to Israel, they do not possess the land. Possessing the land is an important theme. Posessing the land depended on Israel's faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Deuteronomy intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/01.md b/deu/02/01.md index ba6bb9191a..53ec1e4956 100644 --- a/deu/02/01.md +++ b/deu/02/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# Then we turned and took our journey -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -* **Then we turned** - This happens about 40 years after the events in Deuteronomy 1. -* **we went around Mount Seir for many days** - Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites journeyed around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or 2) Mount Seir refers to a section or region of land that the Israelites wandered in for a very long time. -* **Mount Seir** - This is an area south of the Dead Sea. +"Then we turned around and went" + +# we went around Mount Seir for many days + +Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or 2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time. + +# Mount Seir + +This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called "Edom." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:2](../01/01.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# many days + +Some languages translate this as "many nights." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/04.md b/deu/02/04.md index 386cac5aab..b04cd20ef6 100644 --- a/deu/02/04.md +++ b/deu/02/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# of your brothers, the descendants of Esau -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **of your brothers, the descendants of Esau** - Jacob, the ancestor of the Israelites, was Esau's brother. AT: "of your relatives, the descendants of Esau" -* **I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possession** - God is making it known to Israel their family ties and God's promises to Israel's brothers. +"of your relatives, the descendants of Esau" + +# I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possession + +Yahweh is reminding the Israelites that he has given this territory to the descendants of Esau. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/06.md b/deu/02/06.md index 1c05b0060e..9670684b17 100644 --- a/deu/02/06.md +++ b/deu/02/06.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Moses continues to instruct Israel in how they are to treat the descendants of Esau. -## translationNotes +# You will purchase food from them -* Moses continues to instruct Israel in how they are to treat the descendants of Esau. -* **from them for money** - "from Esau's descendants for money" -* **you in all the work of your hand** - AT: "all of your work" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **forty years** - "40 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **you have lacked nothing** - Yahweh uses a negative statement to emphasize that the people of Israel had all they needed during their time in the wilderness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Yahweh is giving them permission or instruction, not a command, and he is telling them not to steal. "I permit you to purchase food from them" or "If you need food, you are to purchase it from them" + +# from them + +"from Esau's descendants" + +# for money + +If these words are not needed or make the translation unclear, you may omit them. + +# your God has blessed you ... your hand ... your walking ... your God ... with you, and you have lacked + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you in all the work of your hand + +The "work of your hand" refers to all the work they had done. AT: "all of your work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he has known your walking + +Here what happened to the people while they were walking is spoken of as their "walking." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# you have lacked nothing + +This is a litotes for "you have had everything you needed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/08.md b/deu/02/08.md index 32b03ec7b2..5d2a857827 100644 --- a/deu/02/08.md +++ b/deu/02/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Esau]] -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# by our brothers -* **by our brothers** - "by our relatives" -* **Elath...Ezion Geber** - These are the names of cities near the northern part of the Dead Sea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"by our relatives" + +# Elath ... Ezion Geber + +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# we turned + +This is an idiom. AT: "we kept going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/09.md b/deu/02/09.md index f779232a49..653b75360d 100644 --- a/deu/02/09.md +++ b/deu/02/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Lot]] -* [[en:tw:Moab]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +This is the end of a part of Moses' speech reminding the Israelites of how Yahweh guided them in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not trouble Moab -* God continues to remind Israel of their relatives. -* **Ar** - This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the descendants of Lot** - The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Moab. Moab was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The word "Moab" represents the people of Moab. AT: "Do not trouble the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ar + +This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the descendants of Lot + +The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Moab. Moab was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/10.md b/deu/02/10.md index 0449cf2490..ad0601e38b 100644 --- a/deu/02/10.md +++ b/deu/02/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Moab]] +The writer begins to give background information about the people of the land. These words are not part of Moses' speech to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# The Emites lived ... call them the Emim -* **The Emim lived...call them the Emim** - Here 2:10-11 gives background information about the Emim people who had lived in the land before the Moabites. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Emim...Rephaim** - These are the names of people groups that were considered giants. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Anakim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:26]]. +These words give background information about the Emite people, who had lived in the land before the Moabites. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Emites ... Rephaim + +These are names of people groups that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anakim + +These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/12.md b/deu/02/12.md index 4553bffd62..1fd4f8eefa 100644 --- a/deu/02/12.md +++ b/deu/02/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Esau]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +This continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: [Deuteronomy 2:10-11](./12.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]). -## translationNotes +# Horites -* 11]]). -* **The Horites** - This is the name of a people group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# destroyed them from before them + +"killed all of them so none of them were left living with them" or "removed them from their presence by killing all of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/13.md b/deu/02/13.md index df93928c48..112d864381 100644 --- a/deu/02/13.md +++ b/deu/02/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh|Kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] +Moses continues reminding the Israelites of what had happened to them in the wilderness. -## translationNotes +# 'Now rise up ... Zered.' So -* **Now rise up** - Yahweh is telling Moses what the people should do. -* **the brook Zered** - This flows out of the Dead Sea and creates the border between Edom and Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Now the days** - The word "now" marks a change from the story to background information about how long the people of Israel traveled and about God's anger towards that generation. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **thirty-eight years** - eight years** - "38 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **were gone from the people** - AT: "had died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **the hand of Yahweh was against** - AT: "Yahweh used his power against" or "Yahweh punished" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"'Then Yahweh said, "Now rise up ... Zered.' So." This can be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "Then Yahweh told us to rise up ... Zered. So" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# rise up + +begin to do something (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the brook Zered + +This stream flows into the Dead Sea from the southeast and creates the border between Edom and Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Now the days + +The word "now" marks a change from the story to background information about how long the people of Israel traveled and about God's anger towards that generation. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# thirty-eight years + +"38 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# were gone from the people + +This is a polite way of saying "had died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the hand of Yahweh was against + +Here "the hand of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "Yahweh used his power against" or "Yahweh punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/16.md b/deu/02/16.md index 72ed8f548e..86f56dfea2 100644 --- a/deu/02/16.md +++ b/deu/02/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Moab]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:lot|Lot]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# You are ... you come ... do not trouble ... give you -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. -* **pass over Ar** - See you translated "Ar" in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:09]]. -* **to the descendants of Lot** - The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Ammon. Ammon was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and the command "do not trouble" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# pass over Ar + +This is the name of a city in Moab. See how you translated "Ar" in [Deuteronomy 2:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to the descendants of Lot + +The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Ammon. Ammon was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/20.md b/deu/02/20.md index 43a0f2a253..09313ce4dd 100644 --- a/deu/02/20.md +++ b/deu/02/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Ammon]] -* [[en:tw:Esau]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +These verses begin to give background information about the people groups who lived in the land. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# That also is considered -* **That also is considered...even until today** - Here 2:20-22 gives background information about the people groups who lived in the land. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **That also is considered** - AT: "People consider that" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Rephaim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:10]]. -* **Zamzummim** - This is another name for the Rephaim people group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Anakim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:26]]. -* **Horites** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:12]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People also consider that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Rephaim + +This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zamzummim + +This is another name for the Rephaim people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anakim + +This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# destroyed them before the Ammonites + +"allowed the Ammonites to defeat them" or "allowed the Ammonites to kill them all" + +# they succeeded them and lived in their place + +"the Ammonites took over everything the Rephaim had owned and have lived where the Rephaim had lived" + +# Horites + +This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# succeeded them and have lived in their place + +"took over everything the Horites had owned and have lived where the Horites had lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/23.md b/deu/02/23.md index 84319f9ad3..fbdb204dac 100644 --- a/deu/02/23.md +++ b/deu/02/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:gaza|Gaza]] +The writer finishes describing how God enabled Esau to conquer the land Esau is now inhabiting. -## translationNotes +# Avvites ... Caphtorim -* God continues to describe His active support of Esau conquering the land Esau is now inhabiting. -* **Avvim...Caphtorim** - These are the names of people groups. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Caphtor** - This is the name of a land. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **destroyed them** - "destroyed the Avvim" +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Caphtor + +This is the name of a place. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# destroyed them + +"destroyed the Avvim" + +# settled in their place + +"lived where the Avvim had lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/24.md b/deu/02/24.md index 7376c1b93b..d8437c4924 100644 --- a/deu/02/24.md +++ b/deu/02/24.md @@ -1,24 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror]] +The writer has finished giving background information and is now again telling what Moses said to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# Now rise up -* **Now rise up** - Yahweh is telling Moses what the people should do. -* **valley of the Arnon** - This is the name of the valley of the Arnon river. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **I have given into your hand** - AT: "I have given you the power to defeat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Sihon...Amorite...Heshbon** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:03]]. -* **fight with him** - AT: "fight against him and his army" -* **put the fear and terror** - The words "fear" and "terror" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "put a terrible fear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **peoples that are under the whole sky** - AT: "peoples in every land" +Yahweh is telling Moses what the people should do. "Now get up" or "Now go." + +# go on your journey + +"continue your journey" + +# Valley of the Arnon + +This is the name of the valley of the Arnon River. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I have given into your hand + +The metonym "into your hand" means "into your control or power." AT: "I have given you the power to defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your hand ... Begin to possess it ... fight ... terror of you ... news about you ... because of you + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" and the commands "begin to possess" and "fight" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Sihon + +This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heshbon + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fight with him + +"fight against him and his army" + +# put the fear and terror + +The words "fear" and "terror" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the fear is intense. AT: "put a terrible fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# peoples that are under the whole sky + +This is an idiom. AT: "peoples in every land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# tremble and be in anguish + +This is hendiadys and emphasizes that the people will "tremble in anguish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/26.md b/deu/02/26.md index daf48a855e..4e15852886 100644 --- a/deu/02/26.md +++ b/deu/02/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I sent -* **I sent** - Here "I" refers to Moses. -* **wilderness of Kedemoth** - This is the name of an area near the valley of Arnon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Sihon...Hesbon** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:03]]. -* **with words of peace** - AT: "with a message that asked for peace" -* **I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left** - AT: "I will not change direction" or "I will always stay on the path" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here "I" refers to Moses. + +# wilderness of Kedemoth + +This is the name of a place near the valley of Arnon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sihon ... Heshbon + +These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with words of peace + +"with my offer of peace" or "with a message from me asking for peace" + +# I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left + +This phrase emphasizes that they will always go in the same direction. It can be stated in positive form. "I will not change direction" or "I will always stay on the path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/28.md b/deu/02/28.md index bd582b6074..ea4ffec338 100644 --- a/deu/02/28.md +++ b/deu/02/28.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:esau|Esau]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] +This continues Moses' message to King Sihon. -## translationNotes +# You will sell me food for money, so that I may eat; give me water for money, so that I may drink -* This continues Moses' message to King Sihon. -* **I may eat...I may drink** - Moses is buying food and water so all the people of Israel can eat and drink. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **only let me pass through on my feet** - AT: "only let us walk through your land" -* **who live in Ar** - See how you translated "Ar" in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:09]]. +Moses tells Sihon that the Israelites will not steal from the Amorites and requests that Sihon and his people sell food and water to the Israelites; he is not giving a command. AT: "I expect to have to pay for food so I can eat and to pay for water so I can drink" + +# sell me ... I may eat ... give me ... I may drink + +Moses is referring to the people of Israel as if they were Moses himself. AT: "sell to me and my people ... we may eat ... give us ... we may drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# only let me pass through on my feet + +"only let us walk through your land" + +# Ar + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/30.md b/deu/02/30.md index 261809413e..71bbe32cae 100644 --- a/deu/02/30.md +++ b/deu/02/30.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer|deliver, deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Moses continues to remind the people of what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# Sihon ... Heshbon -* Moses continues to remind the people of what happened in the past. -* **hardened his mind and made his heart obstinate** - Both of these phrases mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize that the God caused the king to be very stubborn. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **to deliver up Sihon and his land before you** - AT: "to give Sihon and his land over to you" +These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your God ... your might + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# hardened his mind and made his heart obstinate + +Both of these phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh "caused him to become very stubborn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to deliver up Sihon and his land before you + +"to give Sihon and his land over to you" + +# begin to possess it, in order that you may inherit his land + +"take possession of his land, so that you may inherit it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/32.md b/deu/02/32.md index f6a36e84e2..8df97b97ee 100644 --- a/deu/02/32.md +++ b/deu/02/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# Sihon -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -* **Sihon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:03]]. -* **Jahaz** - This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jahaz + +This is the name of a city in Moab (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/34.md b/deu/02/34.md index 7ddeda6698..b7fd29dde5 100644 --- a/deu/02/34.md +++ b/deu/02/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] +Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# We took all his cities -* Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past. -* **We took all his cities** - "We took all of king Sihon's cities" +"We captured all of King Sihon's cities" + +# completely destroyed every city + +"killed all the people who lived in every city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/36.md b/deu/02/36.md index 3c91fa16a2..44f5ae7bbf 100644 --- a/deu/02/36.md +++ b/deu/02/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Aroer -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] +This is the name of a city on the north bank of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Valley of the Arnon -* **Aroer** - This is the name of a city on the north bank of the Arnon river. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **valley of the Arnon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:24]]. -* **there was not a city too high for us** - AT: "we were able to defeat every city no matter how strong it was" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Jabbok River** - This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon's land and the land of the Ammonites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Arnon" is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](./24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# there was not a city too high for us + +This negative statement is used to emphasize their success in battle. This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "we were able to defeat the people of every city even if the city had high walls around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# you did not go + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Jabbok River + +This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon's land and the land of the Ammonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/intro.md b/deu/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..597ec99647 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant faithfulness ##### +Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/01.md b/deu/03/01.md index 2a1e2ebdc3..bffe5ef31d 100644 --- a/deu/03/01.md +++ b/deu/03/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# Og ... Sihon -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. -* **Bashan...Og...Edrei...Sihon...Amorites...Heshbon** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:03]]. -* **You will do to him** - AT: "You will destroy all the people" +These are names of kings. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Edrei ... Heshbon + +These are names of cities. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh said to me, 'Do not fear him; ... given you ... under your control ... You will do ... as you did ... at Heshbon.' + +Yahweh is speaking to Moses as if Moses were the Israelites, so the command "do not fear" and all instances of "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# fear him ... over him ... his people and his land + +Here the words "him" and "his" refer to Og. + +# I have given you victory + +Yahweh speaks of what he will do as if he had already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# You will do to him as you did to Sihon + +The word "him" is a metonym for "his people." AT: "You will destroy Og and his people as you did Sihon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/03.md b/deu/03/03.md index 2af8ff5d08..cede647f0d 100644 --- a/deu/03/03.md +++ b/deu/03/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# all his people were put under our control -* [[en:tw:Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh put all of Og's people under our control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# not one of his people remained -* **and all his people were put under our control** - AT: "and Yahweh put all of Og's people under our control" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **sixty cities** - "60 cities" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the region of Argob** - This is the name of a region within Bashan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a litotes that is used to emphasize that the Israelites did not let anyone live. AT: "all of his people were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# There was not one of the sixty cities that we did not take + +This is a double negative that emphasizes that they took all of the 60 cities. AT: "We took every one of the sixty cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# sixty cities + +"60 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the region of Argob + +This is the name of a region within Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/05.md b/deu/03/05.md index 00aac817bc..f8c621475f 100644 --- a/deu/03/05.md +++ b/deu/03/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# These were all cities fortified with -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. -* **These were all cities fortified** - "These were all strong cities" +"These were all cities protected by" + +# besides + +"in addition to" or "not including" + +# Sihon + +This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heshbon + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# completely destroying every city + +"killing all the people who lived in every city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/08.md b/deu/03/08.md index 1e63d6d363..384a0c8014 100644 --- a/deu/03/08.md +++ b/deu/03/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sidon|Sidon]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# out of the hand of the two kings -* **out of the hand of the two kings** - AT: "from the control of the two kings" or "from the two kings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Amorites...Bashan...Edrei...Og** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:03]]. -* **that were beyond the Jordan** - This means the east side of the Jordan River. -* **the valley of the Arnon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:24]]. -* **Mount Hermon...Sirion...Senir** - These are all names of the same mountain which is at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **of the plain** - This is the high, flat land between the Arnon River and Mount Gilead. -* **Salecah** - This is the name of a city near Edrei. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here the metonym "out of the hand of" means "from the control of." AT: "from the control of the two kings" or "from the two kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Amorites ... Bashan ... Edrei ... Og + +"Amorite people ... land of Bashan ... town of Edrei ... King Og" See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). + +# beyond the Jordan + +This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "east of the Jordan River" + +# the Valley of the Arnon + +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). + +# Mount Hermon ... Sirion ... Senir + +These are all names of the same mountain which is at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# of the plain + +This is high, flat land between the Arnon River and Mount Gilead. + +# Salekah + +This is the name of a city near Edrei. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/11.md b/deu/03/11.md index 838a66d4a6..67cf638dcb 100644 --- a/deu/03/11.md +++ b/deu/03/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:rabbah]] -* [[en:tw:rabbah|Rabbah]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# For of the remnant ... the way people measure -* **For of the remnant...the way people measure** - This is background information about King Og. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Rephaim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:10]]. -* **was it not in Rabbah, where the descendants of Ammon live?** - The speaker use a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. AT: "it was in Rabbah, where the descendants of Ammon live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **cubit** - A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +This is background information about King Og. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Rephaim + +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/10.md). + +# Look! + +"Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you." + +# Was it not in Rabbah, ... live? + +The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Possible meanings are 1) "It was in Rabbah, ... live." or 2) "It is in Rabbah ... live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the way people measure + +"according to the cubit most people use" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/12.md b/deu/03/12.md index d800cc733f..a9354b5b80 100644 --- a/deu/03/12.md +++ b/deu/03/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gad|Gad]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:reuben|Reuben]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +Moses continues reminding the people of what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# Aroer -* Moses continues reminding the people what happened in the past. -* **Aroer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:36]]. -* **the valley of the Arnon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:24]]. -* **the region of Argob** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:03:03]]. -* **The entire region of Bashan is called the land of the Repha giants** - Background information is presented about the land that the people of Israel captured. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Rephaim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:10]]. +See how you translated the name of this town in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md). + +# the Valley of the Arnon + +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). + +# the region of Argob + +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 3:4](./03.md). + +# The same territory is called the land of Rephaim + +The writer begins to present background information about the land that the people of Israel captured. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Rephaim + +See how you translated the name of this land in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/14.md b/deu/03/14.md index 3e074a38ce..0e14777c05 100644 --- a/deu/03/14.md +++ b/deu/03/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:geshur|Geshur]] +This continues the background information about the land the people of Israel captured. (See: [Deuteronomy 3:13](./12.md)) -## translationNotes +# Jair -* This continues the background information about the land the people of Israel captured. (See: [[en:bible:notes:deu:03:12]]) -* **Jair** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the Geshurites and the Maacathites** - These are people groups who lived west of Bashan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Havvoth Jair** - Translators may make a footnote that says: "The name 'Havvoth Jair' means 'tent villages of Jair' or 'realm of Jair.'" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Geshurites and the Maakathites + +These are people groups who lived west of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Havvoth Jair + +Translators may make a footnote that says: "The name 'Havvoth Jair' means 'tent villages of Jair' or 'realm of Jair.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/15.md b/deu/03/15.md index 387508dd09..b2a3699b51 100644 --- a/deu/03/15.md +++ b/deu/03/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Ammon]] -* [[en:tw:Gad]] -* [[en:tw:Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:Reuben]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I gave -* **I gave** - Here "I" refers to Moses. -* **to Machir** - This is the son of Manasseh. He had died before Moses gave this land. AT: "to the descendants of Machir" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the valley of the Arnon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:24]]. -* **Jabbok River** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:36]]. +Here "I" refers to Moses. + +# to Machir + +Machir was the son of Manasseh. He had died before Moses gave this land. The name is a metonym for the descendants of the person. AT: "to the descendants of Machir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Valley of the Arnon + +This is the name of the valley of the Arnon River. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jabbok River + +This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon's land and the land of the Ammonites. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:37](../02/36.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/17.md b/deu/03/17.md index 474c0c8dd0..f6d68f36d2 100644 --- a/deu/03/17.md +++ b/deu/03/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Arabah]] -* [[en:tw:Jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Another of its borders is also -* **Another of its borders is also** - AT: "The western border of the Reubenite and Gadite territory is" -* **Chinnereth** - AT: "the sea of Chinnereth" or "the Sea of Galilee" or "the Lake of Gennesaret" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mount Pisgah** - This is the name of a mountain near Heshbon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"The western border of the Reubenite and Gadite territory is" + +# Kinnereth + +"the Sea of Kinnereth." This is the same place as "the Sea of Galilee" or "the Lake of Gennesaret." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mount Pisgah + +This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/18.md b/deu/03/18.md index 6a9e3c5d8b..10b82df21a 100644 --- a/deu/03/18.md +++ b/deu/03/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I commanded you at that time -* **I commanded you at that time** - Moses is speaking to the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh who just received their land. He is telling them that they must go help the other Israelites conquer the rest of the land God promised them. -* **your brothers, the people of Israel** - AT: "your fellow Israelites" +Moses reminds the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh that they must help the other Israelites conquer the rest of the land God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will pass over armed before + +"will take your weapons and cross the Jordan River ahead of" + +# your brothers, the people of Israel + +"your fellow Israelites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/19.md b/deu/03/19.md index 60f5a2ffc8..80046bbd1c 100644 --- a/deu/03/19.md +++ b/deu/03/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] +Moses continues speaking to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh gives rest to your brothers -* Moses continues speaking to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh. +The writer speaks as if the ability to rest were a physical object that could be given as a gift. The word "rest" is also a metaphor for peaceful life in which there is no war. AT: "Yahweh allows your brothers to rest" or "Yahweh allows your brothers to stop fighting wars and live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# beyond the Jordan + +This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "east of the Jordan River" + +# then will you return + +Moses is emphasizing that the other tribes must possess their land before Yahweh will permit these three tribes to possess their land. "only then are you to return." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/21.md b/deu/03/21.md index 3dbe773d5b..91603679d4 100644 --- a/deu/03/21.md +++ b/deu/03/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# Your eyes have seen -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -* **Your eyes have seen** - AT: "You have seen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "eyes" refers to Joshua. AT: "You have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/23.md b/deu/03/23.md index af07f020e7..254151799e 100644 --- a/deu/03/23.md +++ b/deu/03/23.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon|Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# I implored -* Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past. -* **I implored** - This means Moses asked God in a very earnest and emotional way. -* **to show your servant** - Moses refers to himself as "your servant." This is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "to show me, your servant" -* **your strong hand** - AT: "your power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for what god is there** - Moses uses a question to emphasize that only Yahweh is the only God who can do the power works he has done. AT: "There is no god" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **in heaven or in earth** - AT: "anywhere" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Here "I" refers to Moses. This means he asked God in a very earnest, emotional way. + +# to show your servant + +Here "your servant" is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "to show me, your servant," + +# your strong hand + +Here the metonym "hand" means control or power. AT: "your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for what god is there ... acts? + +Moses uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh is the only God with the power to do the works he has done. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "for there is no god ... acts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in heaven or in earth + +These two extremes together mean "anywhere." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# beyond the Jordan + +"west of the Jordan River." When Moses spoke these words to Yahweh, he was east of the Jordan River in Moab. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/26.md b/deu/03/26.md index 5985c7c39b..13feea0c9b 100644 --- a/deu/03/26.md +++ b/deu/03/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] +Moses continues telling the people of Israel what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh was angry with me because of you -* Moses continues telling the people of Israel what happened in the past. -* **Yahweh was angry with me because of you** - This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. -* **Pisgah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:03:17]]. -* **lift up your eyes** - AT: "look" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Pisgah + +See how you translated this is in [Deuteronomy 3:17](./17.md). + +# lift up your eyes + +The words "lift up your eyes" are an idiom that means look. AT: "look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/28.md b/deu/03/28.md index 2bf19e1e5b..dbe9434ee1 100644 --- a/deu/03/28.md +++ b/deu/03/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:encourage|encourage, encouragement]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# Beth Peor -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **Beth Peor** - This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/intro.md b/deu/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8facc3930d --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Victories ##### +The victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/01.md b/deu/04/01.md index f26f49756b..910877a376 100644 --- a/deu/04/01.md +++ b/deu/04/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am about to teach you -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses is telling the people of Israel what God wants them to do. -## translationNotes +# to do them -* **I am about to teach you** - Moses is telling the people of Israel what God wants them to do. -* **to do them** - AT: "and obey them" -* **You will not add to the words...neither will you diminish them** - They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God specified. +"and obey them" + +# You will not add to the words ... neither will you diminish them + +Yahweh does not want his people to create new laws, or to ignore those he has already given them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/03.md b/deu/04/03.md index 816226a811..48178fb239 100644 --- a/deu/04/03.md +++ b/deu/04/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Your eyes have seen -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Your eyes have seen** - AT: "You saw" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **because of Baal Peor** - This refers to an event that happened while the people were walking through the wilderness. The people of Israel listened to the women of Moab and they started worshiping a false god. Yahweh was angry and told Moses to kill the leaders who caused the people to sin. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Peor** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:03:28]]. -* **you who clung to Yahweh** - AT: "you who were careful to obey Yahweh" +Here "eyes" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "You saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# because of Baal Peor + +The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "because of the sins you committed at Baal Peor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Peor + +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/28.md). + +# Yahweh your God has destroyed them from among you + +Moses speaks to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so "your" and "you" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# you who clung to Yahweh + +The writer speaks as if trusting in Yahweh and obeying him were like physically holding on to a person. AT: "you who were careful to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/05.md b/deu/04/05.md index 5811a389f2..30177bcce0 100644 --- a/deu/04/05.md +++ b/deu/04/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Look -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Look** - AT: "Pay attention" -* **that you should do so in the midst of the land** - AT: "that you should obey them when you live in the land" -* **keep them and do them** - AT: "obey them carefully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **in the sight of the peoples** - This means the other peoples will consider the people of Israel to be wise. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Pay attention" + +# that you should do so in the midst of the land + +"that you should obey them when you live in the land" + +# keep them and do them + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are to obey them. AT: "obey them carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples + +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "understanding" can be translated as adjective phrases, and the abstract noun "sight" refers to how the peoples judge or decide on the value of something. AT: "this is what will show the peoples that you are wise and that you understand what is important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this great nation is a wise and understanding people + +The word "nation" is a metonym for the people of that nation. AT: "the people of this great nation are wise and understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/07.md b/deu/04/07.md index 440d264500..25c0b42a0f 100644 --- a/deu/04/07.md +++ b/deu/04/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# For what other great nation is there ... him? What other great nation is there ... today? -* **For what other great nation is there...What other great nation is there** - AT: "For there is no other great nation...There is no other great nation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. AT: "For there is no other great nation ... him. There is no other great nation ... today." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/09.md b/deu/04/09.md index ca8dea6200..7b8ae6ea94 100644 --- a/deu/04/09.md +++ b/deu/04/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:horeb|Horeb]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Only pay attention ... guard yourself ... you do not forget ... your eyes ... your heart ... your life ... make them known to your children and your children's children ... you stood before Yahweh your God -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Only pay attention and carefully guard yourself** - AT: "Pay careful attention and be sure to remember these things always" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **do not forget...do not leave your heart** - These phrases means the same thing and they are combined to emphasize that the people of Israel must remember what they have seen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **your eyes have seen** - AT: "you have seen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Assemble me the people** - AT: "Bring the people to me" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person, so all instances of "you," "your," and "yourself," as well as the commands "pay attention," "guard," and "make known" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Only pay attention and carefully guard yourself + +"Pay careful attention and be sure to remember these things always" + +# you do not forget ... they do not leave your heart + +These phrases means the same thing and emphasize that the people of Israel must remember what they have seen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your eyes have seen + +Here "eyes" are a synecdoche for the person. AT: "you have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Assemble me the people + +"Bring the people together and bring them to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/11.md b/deu/04/11.md index 567771f744..0a6bfff32a 100644 --- a/deu/04/11.md +++ b/deu/04/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Moses continues to remind the Israelites of their history. -## translationNotes +# with fire to the heart of heaven -* **with fire to the heart of heaven** - AT: "with a pillar of fire that stretched up into the sky" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness** - AT: "with a thick, dark cloud" +This is an idiom. "The heart of" means "the middle of" or "the innermost part of," and "heaven" here refers to the sky. AT: "with a fire that went up to the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness + +Here "thick darkness" describes the cloud. AT: "with a thick, dark cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# thick darkness + +Another possible meaning is "heavy cloud." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/13.md b/deu/04/13.md index 88d69b7643..cae9c746da 100644 --- a/deu/04/13.md +++ b/deu/04/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:ordinance]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:tencommandments]] -* [[en:tw:tencommandments|Ten Commandments]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# He declared -* **He declared** - "Yahweh declared" -* **to you** - This refers to the Israelites who were at Mount Horeb. +"Yahweh declared" + +# to you + +Here "you" refers to the Israelites who were at Mount Horeb. + +# in the land that you are crossing over to take possession of + +"after you have crossed over the Jordan River and taken possession of the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/15.md b/deu/04/15.md index 14c1bf0b5b..be58b7fec4 100644 --- a/deu/04/15.md +++ b/deu/04/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Horeb]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt|corrupt, corruption]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:creature|creature]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved figure]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:like|like, likeness]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# So take great heed to yourselves -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **So be very careful yourselves** - "So you be very careful" -* **creeps on the ground** - "crawls on the ground" +Possible meanings are 1) "So you need to be very careful how you act" or 2) "Guard your souls carefully." + +# do not corrupt yourselves + +"do not do what is wrong" + +# creeps on the ground + +"crawls on the ground" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/19.md b/deu/04/19.md index edb427c4e2..136037c8e1 100644 --- a/deu/04/19.md +++ b/deu/04/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You shall not lift your eyes ... and look ... and be drawn ... Yahweh your God -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" and the words "lift," "look," and "be drawn" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You shall not ... and be drawn away to worship -* **all the host of the heavens** - This is another way of referring to the sun, moon, and stars. -* **that you are not drawn away to worship** - AT: "that you do not worship" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that Yahweh your God has assigned them there** - "that Yahweh your God has put there" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not ... and do not let anyone make you want to worship" or "Do not ... and do not allow yourself worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the host of the heavens + +"everything you can see in the sky." This is another way of referring to the sun, moon, and stars. + +# of which Yahweh your God has given a share all the peoples + +This is an idiom. Moses speaks of the stars as if they were small objects like food that Yahweh was dividing and giving out to the people groups. AT: "that Yahweh your God has put there to help all people groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# brought you out of the iron furnace + +Moses speaks of Egypt and the hard work the Israelites did there as if it were an oven in which iron is heated and the Israelites were the iron. AT: "brought you out of the land where people made you do hard work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a people of his own inheritance + +This is an idiom that can be translated "people who belong only to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/21.md b/deu/04/21.md index 29579663e9..e250d6fec3 100644 --- a/deu/04/21.md +++ b/deu/04/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh was angry with me because of you -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Yahweh was angry with me because of you** - This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. +This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh your God is giving to you + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/23.md b/deu/04/23.md index 6036cb7ef7..0f2b7c7f63 100644 --- a/deu/04/23.md +++ b/deu/04/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Pay attention to yourselves -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous, jealousy]] +"Pay careful attention" -## translationNotes +# Yahweh your God has forbidden you ... Yahweh your God -* **Pay attention to yourselves** - AT: "Pay careful attention" -* **God is a devouring fire, a jealous God** - AT: "God will severely punish and destroy you like a devouring fire, because he does not want you to worship other gods" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Yahweh your God is a devouring fire, a jealous God + +Moses compares how Yahweh acts when he is angry to the way a fire destroys things. AT: "Yahweh your God will severely punish and destroy you like a fire does because he does not want you to worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/25.md b/deu/04/25.md index c04e0e83cb..414c114d94 100644 --- a/deu/04/25.md +++ b/deu/04/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you beget ... Yahweh your God -* **and do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger** - AT: "and you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil" -* **I call heaven and earth to witness** - Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who dwell in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witness to what he says. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **but you will be completely destroyed** - AT: "but Yahweh will completely destroy you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The words "you" and "your" are singular here. + +# beget + +become the father of, or become the ancestor of + +# if you corrupt yourselves + +"if you do what is wrong." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](./15.md). + +# do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger + +This is an idiom. AT: "you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I call heaven and earth to witness + +Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you will not prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. AT: "you will not be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but you will be completely destroyed + +As indicated in 4:27, not every Israelite will be killed. Here "completely destroy" is a generalization and emphasizes that many of the Israelites will die. This can be stated in active form. AT: "but Yahweh will destroy many of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/27.md b/deu/04/27.md index 268984e8f5..6b53f3747a 100644 --- a/deu/04/27.md +++ b/deu/04/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh will scatter you among the peoples -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **will lead you away** - "will send you" -* **the work of men’s hands, wood and stone** - AT: "the wood and stone idols that men have made" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Moses speaks as if the people were seeds that Yahweh would scatter around a field. AT: "Yahweh will send you to many different places and force you to live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will lead you away + +"will send you" or "will cause your enemies to take you away" + +# the work of men's hands, wood and stone + +Here "men's hands" refers the men themselves, and "the work ... wood and stone" to the idols that they have created. AT: "the wood and stone idols that men have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/29.md b/deu/04/29.md index 6eda7f2c94..6dbc302354 100644 --- a/deu/04/29.md +++ b/deu/04/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. He speaks as though they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# But from there -* **But from there** - AT: "But when you are in those other nations" -* **when you search after him with all your heart and with all your soul** - AT: "when you earnestly seek to know him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"But when you are in those other nations" + +# you will seek + +The word "you" here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# when you search after him + +"when you really try to find him" or "when you really try to know him" + +# with all your heart and with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/30.md b/deu/04/30.md index 229516fc72..5ff66f6fe6 100644 --- a/deu/04/30.md +++ b/deu/04/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# will have come on -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +"have happened to" -## translationNotes +# in those later days -* **in those later days** - AT: "afterwards" or "then" -* **listen to his voice** - AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"afterwards" or "then" + +# listen to his voice + +Here "listen" is an idiom that means to hear and obey. Also, "his voice" refers to Yahweh and emphasizes what he says. AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/32.md b/deu/04/32.md index 17a4dc803b..877e58e9e2 100644 --- a/deu/04/32.md +++ b/deu/04/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creation|create, creation, Creator]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and the command "ask now" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Did ever a people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and live? -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Did ever a people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and live?** - AT: "No other people besides you has heard God speak from the middle of the fire and lived." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the people of Israel are reminded of how Yahweh has spoken to them in an amazing way in the past. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No other people besides you has heard God speak from the middle of the fire and lived." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# hear the voice of God speaking + +Here God is represented by his voice. AT: "hear God's voice as he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/34.md b/deu/04/34.md index ba3f87aacc..9b77cc8de9 100644 --- a/deu/04/34.md +++ b/deu/04/34.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] -* [[en:tw:trial]] -* [[en:tw:trial|trial]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# by a mighty hand, and by an outstretched arm -* **Or has a god ever** - AT: "No other god has ever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **and by a mighty hand, and by a display of great power** - These phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "and by showing his mighty power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **before your eyes** - AT: "in front of you" +Here "a mighty hand" and "an outstretched arm" are metaphors for Yahweh's power. AT: "by showing his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before your eyes + +Here "eyes" refer to the whole person. AT: "in front of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/35.md b/deu/04/35.md index 4f97159a15..f333f4d0b0 100644 --- a/deu/04/35.md +++ b/deu/04/35.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# To you these things were shown -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **To you these things were shown** - AT: "Yahweh showed you these things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he made you...you heard** - Here "you" refers to those who were at Mount Sinai when God spoke to them. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh showed you these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he made you to hear ... made you see + +"he made sure you heard ... made sure you saw" + +# made you ... you heard + +Moses speaks as if the people to whom he was speaking were the people he had spoken to at Mount Sinai many years earlier. The people at Mount Sinai were actually the fathers of the people to whom he was speaking these words. AT: "made your fathers ... your fathers heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/37.md b/deu/04/37.md index 90eb208d2c..31222281cf 100644 --- a/deu/04/37.md +++ b/deu/04/37.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# your fathers -* **your fathers** - This refers to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jacob's sons. -* **with his presence, with his great power** - AT: "with the great power that comes from his presence" or "with his great power" +This refers to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jacob's sons. + +# with his presence, with his great power + +"with the great power that comes from his presence" or "with his great power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/39.md b/deu/04/39.md index dc90d11edf..4aef7e86e6 100644 --- a/deu/04/39.md +++ b/deu/04/39.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# lay it on your heart -* **lay it on your heart** - AT: "remember it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in heaven above and on the earth beneath** - AT: "over everything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "remember it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in heaven above and on the earth beneath + +The two phrases "in heaven" and "on the earth" show two extremes and mean "everywhere." AT: "over everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](./25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/41.md b/deu/04/41.md index d4f7c8a81d..387d1720d0 100644 --- a/deu/04/41.md +++ b/deu/04/41.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +Moses's speech, which began in [Deuteronomy 1:6](../01/05.md), has finished, and the writer continues the narrative that ended in [Deuteronomy 1:5](../01/05.md). -## translationNotes +# Bezer ... Ramoth ... Golan -* **Bezer...Ramoth...Golan** - These are names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/44.md b/deu/04/44.md index ac95b8b23d..7d174f5959 100644 --- a/deu/04/44.md +++ b/deu/04/44.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the law -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +This refers to the laws Moses will give in the following chapters. -## translationNotes +# Beth Peor -* **This is the law** - This refers to the laws Moses will give in the following chapters. -* **Beth Peor** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:03:28]]. -* **Sihon...Amorites...Heshbon** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:03]]. +This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sihon ... Amorites ... Heshbon + +"King Sihon ... Amorite people ... town of Heshbon." See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/47.md b/deu/04/47.md index 9d5cbe1316..99a05c17d3 100644 --- a/deu/04/47.md +++ b/deu/04/47.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# his land -* [[en:tw:Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:Jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] +King Sihon's land -## translationNotes +# Og king of Bashan -* **Og king of Bashan** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:03]]. -* **Aroer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:36]]. -* **the valley of the Arnon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:02:24]]. -* **Mount Sirion...Mount Hermon** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:deu:03:08]]. -* **sea of the Arabah...Mount Pisgah** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:deu:03:17]]. +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). + +# beyond the Jordan toward the east ... eastward beyond the Jordan + +This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. AT: "from the side of the Jordan River toward the east ... eastward from the side of the Jordan River" + +# Aroer + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md). + +# the Valley of the Arnon + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). + +# Mount Sion ... Mount Hermon + +These are the names of mountains. See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 3:8-9](../03/08.md). + +# Sea of the Arabah ... Mount Pisgah + +See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/intro.md b/deu/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d36901ba44 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Deuteronomy 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Law of Moses ##### +In order to possess the land, the people needed to obey the law of Moses. This will be the most important thing in the religious life of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Moses' instructions ##### +Moses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since they are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/01.md b/deu/05/01.md index 8af3b14838..f6c7c88d03 100644 --- a/deu/05/01.md +++ b/deu/05/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# called to all Israel -* **that I will speak in your ears today** - AT: "that I will speak to you today" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors** - Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb. The covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites, or 2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb. +Here "all" is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# that I will speak in your ears today + +Here "ears" refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. AT: "that I will speak to you today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or 2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/04.md b/deu/05/04.md index 077196e6e5..a6d6429b58 100644 --- a/deu/05/04.md +++ b/deu/05/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# face to face -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **at that time** - Moses is referring to an event that happened about 40 years earlier. -* **out of the house of slavery** - AT: "out of the place where you were slaves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Use your language's idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on the mount + +"on the mountain" + +# at that time + +Moses is referring to an event that happened about 40 years earlier. + +# out of the house of slavery + +Here the metonym "house of slavery" refers to Egypt where the people of Israel had been slaves. AT: "out of the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/07.md b/deu/05/07.md index 8db35c32f2..d65e9b9e00 100644 --- a/deu/05/07.md +++ b/deu/05/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved figure]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:like|like, likeness]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Moses continues reminding the people what Yahweh has commanded them. The phrases "you will" and "you will not" are commands. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will have no other gods before me -* Moses continues reminding the people what Yahweh said. -* **You must have no other gods before me** - “You must not worship any other gods but me” +"You must not worship any other gods but me" + +# that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water below + +This can be made more explicit. AT: "that is in the earth beneath your feet, or that is in the water below the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/09.md b/deu/05/09.md index 364a60bbcf..65df5b678a 100644 --- a/deu/05/09.md +++ b/deu/05/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous, jealousy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will not bow down to them or serve them -* **bow down to them or worship them** - "bow down to the carved figures or worship them" -* **am a jealous God** - This means God wants his people to only worship him. +"You will not worship the carved figures or do as they command" + +# You will not + +"Never" + +# I ... am a jealous God + +"I ... want you to worship only me" + +# showing covenant faithfulness to thousands, to those who love me + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "faithfully loving thousands, those who love me" or "being faithful to the covenant with thousands, with those who love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to thousands, to those who love me + +Some translations read "to a thousand generations of those who love me." The word "thousands" is a metonym for a number too many to count. AT: "forever, to those who love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/11.md b/deu/05/11.md index 0ee36f03e7..8724bc69e4 100644 --- a/deu/05/11.md +++ b/deu/05/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:vain|vain]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will not take the name of Yahweh -* **take the name of Yahweh** - "use the name of Yahweh" -* **in vain** - AT: "carelessly" or "without proper respect" or "for wrong purposes" -* **Yahweh will not hold him guiltless** - AT: "Yahweh will certainly consider him guilty" or "Yahweh will certainly punish him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"You will not use the name of Yahweh" + +# You will not + +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:09](./09.md). + +# in vain + +"carelessly" or "without proper respect" or "for wrong purposes" + +# Yahweh will not hold him guiltless + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "Yahweh will consider him guilty" or "Yahweh will punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/12.md b/deu/05/12.md index cd5abc30f1..4314e88ab7 100644 --- a/deu/05/12.md +++ b/deu/05/12.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:labor|labor, laborer]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# to keep it holy -* **to keep it holy** - This shows that the Sabbath day is dedicated to God. -* **do all your work** - "do all your usual duties" -* **In it you will not** - "During it you will not" -* **within your gates** - Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. AT: "within your community" or "inside your city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"to dedicate it to God" + +# do all your work + +"do all your usual duties" + +# seventh day + +"7th day." Here "seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# On it you will not do + +"On that day never do" + +# within your gates + +Here "gates" is a reference to the city itself. AT: "within your community" or "inside your city" or "living with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/15.md b/deu/05/15.md index 6a9fd90ab5..33c32b8146 100644 --- a/deu/05/15.md +++ b/deu/05/15.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will call to mind -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what Yahweh said. -* **You will call to mind** - AT: "You must remember" -* **by a mighty hand and by a display of power** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing are combined for emphasis. AT: "by showing his great power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "You must remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm + +Here "a mighty hand" and "an outstretched arm" are metaphors for Yahweh's power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "by showing his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/16.md b/deu/05/16.md index 7f5482635a..0656ab315b 100644 --- a/deu/05/16.md +++ b/deu/05/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, respect]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/17.md b/deu/05/17.md index 3a74671b93..459c6425a1 100644 --- a/deu/05/17.md +++ b/deu/05/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness|false witness, false testimony]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will not -* **You will not commit adultery** - AT: "You will not sleep with anyone other than your spouse" -* **You will not give false witness against your neighbor** - AT: "You will not tell lies about someone" +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:09](./09.md). + +# You will not commit adultery + +"You will not sleep with anyone other than your spouse" + +# You will not give false witness against your neighbor + +"You will not tell lies about someone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/21.md b/deu/05/21.md index 079f684d22..ae0df0658d 100644 --- a/deu/05/21.md +++ b/deu/05/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:envy|envy, covet]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will not -* **You will not covet** - AT: "You will not strongly want to have" or "You will not want to take" +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:09](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/22.md b/deu/05/22.md index 9c393d54e5..aa7187702c 100644 --- a/deu/05/22.md +++ b/deu/05/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said. +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/23.md b/deu/05/23.md index c40597d121..946d82a58f 100644 --- a/deu/05/23.md +++ b/deu/05/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# heard the voice -* Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what happened in the past. +The word "voice" is a metonym for the sound of the voice or for the person who was speaking. AT: "heard the sound of the voice" or "heard Yahweh speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/25.md b/deu/05/25.md index 35055de5d6..175d3d7d08 100644 --- a/deu/05/25.md +++ b/deu/05/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:consume|consume]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Moses continues to remind the Israelites what the Israelites had said to Moses. -## translationNotes +# But why should we die? -* The people of Israel continue speaking to Moses. -* **But why should we die?** - AT: "It is not proper that we should die!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For who besides us is there among all flesh ** - AT: "There are no other people besides us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +They were afraid that they would die if Yahweh spoke to them. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We are afraid that we will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For who besides us is there ... have done? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There are no other people besides us ... have done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# all flesh + +This represents all people or living things. AT: "all people" or "all living beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/28.md b/deu/05/28.md index b5193ef3c6..e23f8945a4 100644 --- a/deu/05/28.md +++ b/deu/05/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# when you spoke to me -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "me" refers to Moses. -## translationNotes +# Oh, that there were -* **when you spoke to me** - Here "me" refers to Moses. +If your language has an idiom that expresses a strong desire for something, you might want to use it here. AT: "I would be very happy if there were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/31.md b/deu/05/31.md index 31df1c9a13..63104c32da 100644 --- a/deu/05/31.md +++ b/deu/05/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# you will teach them -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **you will teach them** - "you will teach the people of Israel" +"you will teach the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/32.md b/deu/05/32.md index bc662d8f69..e2f7627ae8 100644 --- a/deu/05/32.md +++ b/deu/05/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You will keep -* **You will keep** - Moses is speaking to the people of Israel. +Moses is giving a command to the people of Israel. + +# you will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left + +This compares a person disobeying God to a person turning off of the correct path. AT: "you will not disobey him in any way" or "you will do everything he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/39.md). AT: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/intro.md b/deu/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f948ec3f78 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Deuteronomy 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB signals each of the Ten Commandments by indenting them. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ten commandments ##### +This chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors and idioms ##### +Moses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/01.md b/deu/06/01.md index d77370e1da..1d24244cdd 100644 --- a/deu/06/01.md +++ b/deu/06/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses continues the speech to the people of Israel he began in [Deuteronomy 5:1](../05/01.md). Beginning in verse 2, he speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# might keep ... to keep -* Moses continues the speech he begin in [[:en:bible:notes:deu:05:01]]. -* **commanded me to teach you** - Moses is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **going over the Jordan** - "going over the Jordan River" -* **that your days may be prolonged** - AT: "that you live long lives" +"might obey ... to obey" + +# going over the Jordan + +"going to the other side of the Jordan River" + +# that your days may be prolonged + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. This can be stated in active form. This can be translated similarly to "prolong your days" in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "that I may prolong your days" or "that I may cause you to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/03.md b/deu/06/03.md index 80063081d4..321dda43e8 100644 --- a/deu/06/03.md +++ b/deu/06/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# listen to them -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **listen to them** - To "listen" in this case is to obey. AT: "listen to Yahweh's commandments, statutes, and decrees" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - This means that the land will be rich and productive, so there will be enough food for everyone. AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "listen" means to obey, and "them" refers to Yahweh's commandments. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "listen to Yahweh's commandments, statutes, and decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# keep them + +"obey them" + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +This is an idiom. AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/04.md b/deu/06/04.md index e8fcf172e2..56b2a1bb35 100644 --- a/deu/06/04.md +++ b/deu/06/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh our God is one -* **Yahweh our God is one** - AT: "Our God Yahweh is the one and only God" +"Our God Yahweh is the one and only God" + +# with all your heart, with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/06.md b/deu/06/06.md index cd6139c20f..e41c335f7a 100644 --- a/deu/06/06.md +++ b/deu/06/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# I am commanding you -* **I am commanding you** - Moses is speaking God's commandments to the people of Israel. -* **will be in your heart** - AT: "you must always remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will diligently teach them ** - God's commandments are to be discussed anytime, anywhere. They are not just for the priests and Levites to speak. +Moses is speaking God's commandments to the people of Israel. + +# will be in your heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "you must always remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will diligently teach ... you will talk + +"I command you to diligently teach ... I command you to talk." The reader should understand these as commands. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/08.md b/deu/06/08.md index 9355d81cb4..815d76ba80 100644 --- a/deu/06/08.md +++ b/deu/06/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:doorpost|doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# tie them -* **tie them** - "tie these words" -* **as a sign upon your hand** - God was providing ways for the Israelites to remember His law. -* **You will write them on the doorposts** - God's laws were to be accessible and visible throughout the community. +This is a metonym for "write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch." This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for "obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there." AT: "tie these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a sign upon your hand + +"as something to make you remember my laws" + +# they will serve as frontlets + +This is a metonym for "write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch to your head so it sits." This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for "obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there." AT: "my words will serve as frontlets"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# frontlets + +ornaments a person wears on the forehead + +# You will write + +This is a command. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/10.md b/deu/06/10.md index 0bd34654ff..c65f539b2b 100644 --- a/deu/06/10.md +++ b/deu/06/10.md @@ -1,28 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:abraham|Abraham, Abram]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:isaac|Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:olive|olive]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# large and very good cities that you did not build -* ** large and very good cities that you did not build...** - All these things will be the spoils of Israel conquering the land. -* **out of the house of bondage** - AT: "out of the place where you were slaves" +All these cities will belong to the people of Israel when they conquer the people in Canaan. + +# out of the house of bondage + +Here the metonym "house of bondage" refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. AT: "out of the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/13.md b/deu/06/13.md index 1c74159533..36b09549e0 100644 --- a/deu/06/13.md +++ b/deu/06/13.md @@ -1,30 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous, jealousy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will honor Yahweh your God; him you will worship, and you will swear by his name -* **you will swear by his name** - When one makes a promise he would invoke God's name to keep him accountable to that promise. -* **in the midst of you** - AT: "who lives among you" -* **lest the anger of Yahweh your God is kindled against you and he destroy you** - AT: "otherwise Yahweh your God will become very angry and destroy you" +"It is Yahweh your God and no one else whom you will honor; it is he alone whom you will worship, and it is by his name and only his name that you will swear." Your language may have another way of emphasizing that Yahweh is telling the Israelites not to worship or serve any other god. + +# you will swear by his name + +To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. The metonym "his name" refers to Yahweh himself. AT: "you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it" or "when you swear you will speak his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the midst of you + +"who lives among you" + +# the anger of Yahweh your God will be kindled against you + +Moses compares Yahweh's anger to someone starting a fire to destroy things. This can be stated in active form. To kindle anger is a metaphor for becoming very angry. AT: "Yahweh your God will kindle his anger" or "Yahweh your God will become very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# destroy you from + +"destroy you so that there is nothing left of you anywhere on" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/16.md b/deu/06/16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..caeb103bdc --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/06/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You will not test Yahweh + +Here "test" means to challenge Yahweh and force him to prove himself. + +# Massah + +This is the name of a place in the desert. The translator may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Massah' means 'testing.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/18.md b/deu/06/18.md index 3cf7e5f1f8..7f4e160574 100644 --- a/deu/06/18.md +++ b/deu/06/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will do what is right and good in the sight of Yahweh -* **You will do what is right and good ... ** - This is a command and blessing. If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will receive blessings from Yahweh. +This idiom is a command and a blessing. If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will receive blessings from Yahweh. AT: "Do what Yahweh says is right and good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/20.md b/deu/06/20.md index fea754920d..e51773a35a 100644 --- a/deu/06/20.md +++ b/deu/06/20.md @@ -1,30 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# What are the covenant decrees ... commanded you -* **your son** - This refers to the children of the people of Israel. -* **with a mighty hand** - AT: "with his mighty power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and on all his house** - AT: "and on all of his people" -* **before our eyes** - AT: "in our sight" -* **might bring us in** - Implying the Land of Canaan which God promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. +In this question the "covenant decrees" represent their meaning and purpose. AT: "What do the covenant decrees ... commanded mean to you" or "Why should you obey the covenant decrees ... commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your son + +This refers to the children of the adult people of Israel to whom Moses was speaking Yahweh's words. + +# with a mighty hand + +Here "a mighty hand" refers to Yahweh's power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "with his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on all his house + +Here the metonym "his house" refers to the people of Yahweh. AT: "on all of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before our eyes + +Here the word "eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "where we could see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# might bring us in + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "might bring us into Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/24.md b/deu/06/24.md index 9d99f9aa62..ea19341253 100644 --- a/deu/06/24.md +++ b/deu/06/24.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. He tells them what they should tell their children about Yahweh's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# before Yahweh -* Moses continues telling the people of Israel what they should tell their children about Yahweh's commandments. -* **before Yahweh** - AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" -* **this will be our righteousness** - AT: "he will consider us righteous" +"in the presence of Yahweh" or "where Yahweh can see us" + +# keep + +"obey" + +# this will be our righteousness + +The word "this" refers to keeping Yahweh's commands. This is a metonym for Yahweh considering them righteous. AT: "he will consider us righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/intro.md b/deu/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6350c0018 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Deuteronomy 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's blessings ##### +Yahweh's continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people's obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land and the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/01.md b/deu/07/01.md index 57fdf1acd2..9ab3f7d018 100644 --- a/deu/07/01.md +++ b/deu/07/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Girgashites]] -* [[en:tw:Hivite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hittite|Hittite]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites|Jebusite]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite|Perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* Moses continues telling the people of Israel what Yahweh wants them to do. +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/02.md b/deu/07/02.md index cd5695e0ea..3042561a44 100644 --- a/deu/07/02.md +++ b/deu/07/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# gives them over to you -* **over them** - Here "them" refers to the seven nations from [[en:bible:notes:deu:07:01]]. -* **utterly destroy them** - "completely destroy them" +Moses speaks of victory as if it were a physical object one person could give to another. AT: "enables you to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you defeat them + +Here "them" refers to the seven nations from [Deuteronomy 7:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/04.md b/deu/07/04.md index 7bb54f931b..2bf7b07647 100644 --- a/deu/07/04.md +++ b/deu/07/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:asherim|Asherah, Asherim]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:sacred|sacred]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# For they will -* **For they will** - Those people who Israel may let live instead of obeying God by killing everyone. AT: "For the people from the other nations will" -* **So the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you** - AT: "Then Yahweh will become very angry with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"If you allow your children to marry the people from the other nations, the people from the other nations will" + +# So the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you + +Moses compares Yahweh's anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes Yahweh's power to destroy what makes him angry. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will kindle his anger against you" or "Then Yahweh will become very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# against you + +The word "you" refers to all the Israelites and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you will deal ... You will break ... dash ... cut ... burn + +Moses is speaking to all the Israelites here, so these words are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/06.md b/deu/07/06.md index f5874705e8..3f8bea5254 100644 --- a/deu/07/06.md +++ b/deu/07/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Moses tells the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# you are a nation that is set apart -* **that are on the face of the earth** - AT: "that live on the earth" +Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that are on the face of the earth + +This is an idiom. AT: "that live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/07.md b/deu/07/07.md index 6908c96d0b..1e9a2a9c23 100644 --- a/deu/07/07.md +++ b/deu/07/07.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words. All instances of "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# did not set his love upon you -* **did not set his love upon you** - AT: "did not love you" -* **with a mighty hand** - AT: "with his mighty power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **house of bondage** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:06:10]]. -* **hand of Pharaoh** - "control of Pharaoh" +This is an idiom. AT: "did not love you more than he loved others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with a mighty hand + +Here "a mighty hand" refers to Yahweh's power. These words also appear in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "with his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# redeemed you out of the house of bondage + +Moses speaks of Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves as if Yahweh had paid money to a slave owner. AT: "rescued you from being slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# house of bondage + +Here the metonym "house of bondage" refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:12](../06/10.md). AT: "out of the place where you were slaves" + +# hand of Pharaoh + +Here "hand" means "the control of." AT: "control of Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/09.md b/deu/07/09.md index 18e4dea487..af01c4d6c7 100644 --- a/deu/07/09.md +++ b/deu/07/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# for a thousand generations -* **for a thousand generations** - "for 1,000 generations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **repays those who hate him to their face** - This means God will repay them quickly and openly so that they know God has punished them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he will not be lenient on whoever hates him** - AT: "he will severely punish everyone who hates him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **I command you** - Moses is speaking to the people of Israel. +"for 1,000 generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# repays those who hate him to their face + +This idiom means "repays them quickly and openly so that they know God has punished them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will not be lenient on whoever hates him + +The words "not be lenient" are an understatement to emphasize that Yahweh will severely punish. AT: "Yahweh will severely punish everyone who hates him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/12.md b/deu/07/12.md index d134f93bc9..e67f2e7327 100644 --- a/deu/07/12.md +++ b/deu/07/12.md @@ -1,31 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words. He speaks as if the Israelites are one person in verse 12 and to all of them as a group in verse 13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# multiply you -* **and multiply you** - AT: "and increase the number of your people" -* **the fruit of your body** - AT: "your children" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the fruit of your ground** - AT: "your crops" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the multiplication of your cattle** - AT: "the calves of your cattle" +"increase the number of your people" + +# the fruit of your body + +This is an idiom for "your children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the fruit of your ground + +This is an idiom for "your crops." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the multiplication of your cattle + +"your cattle so they will become many" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/14.md b/deu/07/14.md index dbe6c7307a..2ea9336797 100644 --- a/deu/07/14.md +++ b/deu/07/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:barren|barren]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will be blessed more than all other peoples -* **there will not be a childless male or barren female among you or among your cattle** - Moses uses a negative statement to emphasize that they all will be able to have children. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bless you more than I bless any other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there will not be a childless male or a barren female among you or among your cattle + +Moses uses a negative statement to emphasize that they all will be able to have children. This may be stated in a positive form. AT: "All of you will be able to have children and your cattle will be able to reproduce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# among you ... your cattle + +The words "you" and "your" are plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# take away from you all sickness + +"make sure that you do not become ill" or "keep you completely healthy" + +# none of the evil diseases ... will he put on you, but he will put them on all those who hate you + +Moses speaks as if disease were a heavy object that Yahweh would put on top of people. AT: "he will not make you sick with any of the evil diseases ... but he will make your enemies sick with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/16.md b/deu/07/16.md index 0880e315d8..fe00876333 100644 --- a/deu/07/16.md +++ b/deu/07/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:consume|consume]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will consume all the people groups -* **You will consume** - Israel is to eliminate all the people. -* **Your eye will not pity them** - AT: "You will not show them mercy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **that will be a trap for you** - This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to ruin like an animal caught in a hunter's trap. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I command you to completely destroy all the people groups" + +# your eye will not pity them + +This is a command. Moses speaks as if what the eye sees were the eye itself. AT: "do not allow what you see to cause you to pity them" or "do not pity them because you see that what you are doing is hurting them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You will not worship + +"never worship" + +# that will be a trap for you + +If the people worship other gods, they will be like an animal caught in a hunter's trap, and they will be unable to escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/17.md b/deu/07/17.md index 54aa984618..f5a78b070b 100644 --- a/deu/07/17.md +++ b/deu/07/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# If you say in your heart ... do not be afraid -* **If you say in your heart** - AT: "If you say to yourself" or "If you say" -* **how can I dispossess them?** - Moses uses a question to emphasize that the people may feel afraid of the other nations. AT: "I cannot defeat them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you will call to mind** - "you must remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that your eyes saw** - AT: "that you saw" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the mighty hand, and the display of power** - AT: "and the mighty power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The people should not be afraid even if they notice that the nations are stronger than they are. AT: "Even if you say in your heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# say in your heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# how can I dispossess them? + +Moses uses a question to emphasize that the people may feel afraid of the other nations. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I cannot defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you will call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "you must remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that your eyes saw + +Here "eyes" represent the whole person. AT: "that you saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm + +Here "a mighty hand" and "an outstretched arm" are metaphors for Yahweh's power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "and the mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/20.md b/deu/07/20.md index d4b0aa24d7..a863bf0aa6 100644 --- a/deu/07/20.md +++ b/deu/07/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Moreover -* **Moreover** - "And also" -* **send the hornet** - possible meanings are 1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or 2) God will cause a great fear to fall on the people so that they become terrified. -* **a great and fearsome God** - AT: "a great and awesome God" or "a great God who causes the people to fear" -* **little by little** - "slowly" +"And also" + +# send the hornet + +Possible meanings are 1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or 2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away. + +# perish from your presence + +This is an idiom. AT: "die so you do not see them anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You will not + +"Never" + +# a great and fearsome God + +"a great and awesome God" or "a great God who causes the people to fear" + +# little by little + +"slowly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/23.md b/deu/07/23.md index bf3fee78be..faf9b6920f 100644 --- a/deu/07/23.md +++ b/deu/07/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# give you victory over -* **victory over them** - "victory over the armies from the other nations" -* **until they are destroyed** - AT: "until you destroy them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you will make their name perish from under heaven** - This means the Israelites will completely destroy all the people from those nations, and in the future no one will remember them. -* **stand before you** - "stand against you" +This is an idiom. AT: "enable you to defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# victory over them + +"victory over the armies from the other nations" + +# he will greatly confuse them + +"he will make them so they cannot think clearly" + +# until they are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until you have destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will make their name perish from under heaven + +The Israelites will completely destroy all the people from those nations, and in the future no one will remember them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# stand before you + +"stand against you" or "defend themselves against you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/25.md b/deu/07/25.md index 77b970fa43..71df793af9 100644 --- a/deu/07/25.md +++ b/deu/07/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:setapart|set apart]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words. In verse 25 he speaks to the group as a group, so the forms of "you" are plural, but in verse 26 he speaks as if the Israelites are one person, so the forms are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You will burn -* **their god** - AT: "the gods of the other nations" -* **and you become trapped by it** - This means taking the idols for the gold or silver could cause the people to start worshiping the idols. This will lead them to ruin like an animal caught in a hunter's trap. AT: "and it becomes a trap to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for it is detestable to Yahweh your God** - AT: "for Yahweh your God hates it very much" -* **You will utterly detest and abhor** - The words "detest" and "abhor" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "You will absolutely detest" or "You will completely hate" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **for it is set apart for destruction** - AT: "for Yahweh has set it apart so that he may destroy it" +This is a command. + +# their gods + +"the gods of the other nations" + +# do not covet ... trapped by it + +These words add to the instruction to burn the idols. + +# you will become trapped by it + +Even taking the gold or silver on the idols could cause the people to start worshiping them. By doing this they would become like an animal caught by a trap. This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will become a trap to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for it is an abomination to Yahweh your God + +These words tell why Yahweh wants the people to burn the idols. "do this because Yahweh your God hates it very much" + +# You will utterly detest and abhor + +The words "detest" and "abhor" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of hatred. AT: "You will completely hate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# for it is set apart for destruction + +Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from everything else. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Yahweh has set it apart for destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/intro.md b/deu/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..444b53599f --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "You must completely destroy them" ##### +The people of Canaan were to be punished by Yahweh. Yahweh used Israel to punish these nations. If they were not completely destroyed, they would lead Israel into sin. Therefore, they were to be completely destroyed and be shown no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +##### Abrahamic Covenant ##### +This chapter references parts of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. It also emphasizes Yahweh's faithfulness to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/01.md b/deu/08/01.md index 060fb2c824..06217f160e 100644 --- a/deu/08/01.md +++ b/deu/08/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:promisedland]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You must keep ... you may live and multiply, and go in and possess ... your fathers -* Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -* **to know** - "to reveal" or "to show" -* **what was in your heart** - The heart is a symbol of a person's character. AT: "what kind of people you are" or "how you would behave" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +All instances of "you" and "your" and the verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You will call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "You must remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# he might humble you + +"he might show you how weak and sinful you are" + +# to know + +"to reveal" or "to show" + +# what was in your heart + +The heart is a symbol of a person's character. AT: "what kind of people you are" or "how you would behave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/03.md b/deu/08/03.md index ec36a73040..63b40ecb2f 100644 --- a/deu/08/03.md +++ b/deu/08/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:manna]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. He continues to remind them of what they should "call to mind" ([Deuteronomy 8:2](./01.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# He humbled you -* Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -* **He humbled you** - AT: "Yahweh made you humble" -* **fed you with manna** - AT: "gave you manna to eat" -* **people do not live by bread only** - Bread is a symbol of all food. AT: "food is not the only thing people need to live" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **it is by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh that people live** - The mouth is a symbol for the things that Yahweh says. AT: "people must obey the commands of Yahweh so they can live" or "people must do what Yahweh tells them to do so they can live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"Yahweh showed you how weak and sinful you are." See how "he might humble you" is translated in [Deuteronomy 8:2](./01.md). + +# fed you with manna + +"gave you manna to eat" + +# it is not by bread alone that people live + +Here "bread" represents all food. AT: "food is not the only thing people need so they can live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# it is by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh that people live + +Here "the mouth of Yahweh" is a metonym for the words that Yahweh says. AT: "people must obey the commands of Yahweh so they can live" or "people must do what Yahweh tells them to do so they can live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/04.md b/deu/08/04.md index dd0a312274..edbee10078 100644 --- a/deu/08/04.md +++ b/deu/08/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Your clothing ... forty years -* Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -* **You will think about in your heart** - The heart is a symbol of the thoughts and understanding of a person. AT: "You will understand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **corrects** - "disciplines" +This is the last item that they should "call to mind" ([Deuteronomy 8:2](./01.md)). + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# You will think ... You will keep ... walk in his ways and honor him + +This continues the list of commands that begins in [Deuteronomy 8:1-2](./01.md). + +# You will think about in your heart + +Here the metonym "heart" represents the thoughts and understanding of a person. AT: "You will understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/07.md b/deu/08/07.md index 4e6702471d..d196789eaa 100644 --- a/deu/08/07.md +++ b/deu/08/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barley]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# a land of -* Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -* **a land of** - "a land with" or "a land that has" +"a land with" or "a land that has" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/09.md b/deu/08/09.md index a8b1512560..b89e90669d 100644 --- a/deu/08/09.md +++ b/deu/08/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# a land in which you will eat bread without lack -* Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -* **eat bread without lack** - AT: "have enough food" -* **where you will not go without anything** - This phrase emphasizes that they will have everything that they need. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **stones are made of iron** - The stones are full of iron ore. Iron is a very hard metal useful for swords and plows. -* ** dig copper** - Copper is a soft metal useful for making household utensils. AT: "mine copper" -* **You will eat and be full** - AT: "you will have enough food to eat until you are full" -* **you will bless** - AT: "you will praise" or "you will give thanks to" +This litotes can be translated positively. AT: "a land where there will be plenty of food for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# where you will not go without anything + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "where you will have everything you need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# stones are made of iron + +The stones are full of iron ore. Iron is a very hard metal useful for swords and plows. + +# dig copper + +"mine copper." Copper is a soft metal useful for making household utensils. + +# You will eat and be full + +"You will have enough food to eat until you are full" + +# you will bless + +"you will praise" or "you will give thanks to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/11.md b/deu/08/11.md index 0396b64cbd..01d33a232b 100644 --- a/deu/08/11.md +++ b/deu/08/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ordinance]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# do not neglect his commandments -* Moses begins stating a warning to not forget Yahweh. -* **do not neglect his commandments** - AT: "do not stop obeying his commandments" or "continue to obey his commandments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Otherwise** - AT: "If you are not careful" -* **you will eat and be full** - AT: "you will have enough food to eat" +"do not stop obeying his commandments" or "continue to obey his commandments" + +# when you eat and are full + +"when you have enough food to eat" + +# your heart will be lifted up + +Here "heart" represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person's heart is lifted up. AT: "you will become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/13.md b/deu/08/13.md index 57c4425b90..aa834c4093 100644 --- a/deu/08/13.md +++ b/deu/08/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# your herds and flocks -* Moses finishes his warning to not forget Yahweh. -* **your herds and your flocks** - AT: "your herds of cattle and your flocks of sheep and goats" -* **multiply** - AT: "increase in number" or "become numerous" -* **all that you have is multiplied** - AT: "you have a lot more things" or "you have a lot more possessions" -* **your heart might become lifted up** - AT: "you might become proud" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **out of the house of bondage** - They were not to forget that they were slaves to the Egyptians. AT: "out from the place where you were slaves" +"your herds of cattle and flocks of sheep and goats" + +# multiply + +"increase in number" or "become many" + +# all that you have is multiplied + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have many more things" or "you have many more possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your heart becomes lifted up + +Here "heart" represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person's heart is lifted up. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 8:12](./11.md). AT: "you become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who brought you out + +Moses begins to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# out of the house of bondage + +This is a metaphor for the time they were slaves in Egypt. AT: "out from the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/15.md b/deu/08/15.md index 0ca4e7e782..40bff8869e 100644 --- a/deu/08/15.md +++ b/deu/08/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# who led you ... in the end -* Moses continues to warn Israel to remember Yahweh. -* **You might forget him** - "You might forget Yahweh" -* **and through** - AT: "and led you through" -* **fiery serpents** - "poisonous snakes" -* **thirsty ground** - This phrase describes the ground as being thirsty just like a person is thirsty when he needs water. AT: "dry ground" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Yahweh, who brought water out** - AT: "You might forget Yahweh, who brought water out" -* **Yahweh, who fed you** - AT: "You might forget Yahweh, who fed you" -* **to do you good** - AT: "to help you" or "because it would be good for you" -* **say in your heart** - AT: "think to yourself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth** - AT: "I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful" or "I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability" +Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./13.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# who led ... who brought ... He fed + +"Yahweh, who led ... Yahweh, who brought ... Yahweh fed" + +# fiery serpents + +"poisonous snakes" + +# thirsty ground + +This phrase describes the ground as being thirsty just like a person is thirsty when he needs water. AT: "dry ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to do you good + +"to help you" or "because it would be good for you" + +# but you may say in your heart + +This is the third thing the people might do when their hearts "become lifted up" and they "forget Yahweh" ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./13.md)). Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's innermost thoughts. AT: "but you may think to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth + +Here "hand" refers to a man's power or ability. AT: "I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful" or "I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/18.md b/deu/08/18.md index 139ed5e521..3a0b99f85b 100644 --- a/deu/08/18.md +++ b/deu/08/18.md @@ -1,29 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# But you will call to mind -* Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -* **But you will call to mind** - AT: "But remember" -* **that he may** - AT: "so he can" -* **establish his covenant** - AT: "fulfill his covenant" or "carry out his covenant" -* **as it is today** - AT: "like he is doing now" or "like he is establishing his covenant now" -* **walk after other gods** - AT: "give your loyalty to other gods" or "become the servants of other gods" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I testify against you** - AT: "I warn you" or "I tell you in front of witnesses" -* **this day** - AT: "today" or "right now" -* **you shall surely perish** - AT: "you will certainly die" -* **before you** - AT: "in front of you" -* **listen to the voice** - The voice of Yahweh represents the things that Yahweh tells his people to do. AT: "obey the commandments" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This idiom is a command. AT: "But remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that he may establish + +Possible meanings are 1) "in this way he establishes" or 2) "in this way he is faithful to establish." + +# that he may + +"so he can" + +# establish + +"fulfill" or "keep" + +# as it is today + +"as he is doing now" or "as he is establishing his covenant now" + +# walk after other gods + +Walking is a metaphor for obeying. AT: "serve other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# against you ... you will ... before you ... you perish ... you would not ... your God + +All these instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I testify against you + +"I warn you" or "I tell you in front of witnesses" + +# you will surely perish + +"you will certainly die" + +# before you + +"in front of you" + +# would not listen to the voice of Yahweh + +Here "the voice of Yahweh" means what Yahweh tells his people to do. AT: "would not obey Yahweh's commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/intro.md b/deu/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5b39d8a39 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Forgetting ##### +This chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/01.md b/deu/09/01.md index 13c86ee1e1..ff9112aa36 100644 --- a/deu/09/01.md +++ b/deu/09/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Hear, Israel -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Hear, Israel** - AT: "Hear, O people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to dispossess** - AT: "to take the land from" -* **fortified up to heaven...Anakim** - See how you translated similar words [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:26]]. -* **Who can stand before the sons of Anak?** - AT: There is no one who can stand before the sons of Anak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. AT: "Listen, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to dispossess + +"to take the land from" + +# fortified up to heaven + +This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/26.md). AT: "have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# sons of the Anakim + +Descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Who can stand before the sons of Anak? + +This means that the sons of Anak were powerful and people were afraid of them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no one who can defend himself against the sons of Anak." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/03.md b/deu/09/03.md index ff81c40366..d4d0eb759f 100644 --- a/deu/09/03.md +++ b/deu/09/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# today -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **like a devouring fire** - This emphasizes God's power and his ability to destroy the armies of the other nations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he will bring them down before you** - AT: "he will humble them in front of you" or "he will subdue them in front of you" +"now" + +# like a devouring fire + +Yahweh is powerful and able to destroy the armies of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# subdue them before you + +"make them weak so you can control them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/04.md b/deu/09/04.md index 8f2da1ae94..07c5c10009 100644 --- a/deu/09/04.md +++ b/deu/09/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not say in your heart -* **Do not say in your heart** - AT: "Do not think to yourselves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **has thrust them** - AT: "has driven the other peoples out" +Here "in your heart" means "in your thoughts." AT: "Do not think to yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has thrust them out + +"has driven the other peoples out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/05.md b/deu/09/05.md index e8e85bf5c4..40008895b8 100644 --- a/deu/09/05.md +++ b/deu/09/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the uprightness of your heart -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **so that he may make come true the word** - AT: "so that he may fulfill the promise" +This is an idiom. "because you always thought and desired the right things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so that he may make come true the word + +Here the metonym "the word" refers to what God has promised. AT: "so that he may fulfill the promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob + +Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are the "ancestors" of whom Moses is speaking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/06.md b/deu/09/06.md index 9776c28270..d560a2e1f2 100644 --- a/deu/09/06.md +++ b/deu/09/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] - -## translationNotes - -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/07.md b/deu/09/07.md index 22c8b4a927..5437ff330e 100644 --- a/deu/09/07.md +++ b/deu/09/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Remember and do not forget -* **Remember and do not forget** - Both of these mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "Be careful to remember" (See: [[:en:ta;vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **how you provoked Yahweh** - Here "you" refers to the Israelites that are present with Moses and also the Israelites of the previous generation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **to this place** - This refers to the Jordan River Valley. +Moses repeats the same command both positively and negatively to emphasize the importance of remembering. AT: "Be careful to remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# how you provoked Yahweh + +Here "you" refers to the Israelites that are present with Moses and also the Israelites of the previous generation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you came to this place, you have been rebellious ... you provoked ... with you to destroy you + +All instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to this place + +This refers to the Jordan River Valley. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/09.md b/deu/09/09.md index 61193a9e96..122c267252 100644 --- a/deu/09/09.md +++ b/deu/09/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] +Moses is reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant that Yahweh made with you -* Moses is reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. -* **the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant** - These both refer to the stone tablets on which God wrote the 10 commandments. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **forty days and forty nights** - "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **on them was written everything just like all the words that Yahweh announced to you** - AT: "Yahweh wrote on them everything he said to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the second phrase clarifies that "the tablets of stone" are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# forty days and forty nights + +"40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# on them was written everything just like all the words that Yahweh announced to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh wrote on them the same words he had said to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh announced ... out of the middle of the fire + +It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice. + +# on the day of the assembly + +The abstract noun "assembly" can be expressed as the verb "gather together." AT: "on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/11.md b/deu/09/11.md index e7be67293e..a6d2b8558f 100644 --- a/deu/09/11.md +++ b/deu/09/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# forty days and forty nights -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:image]] +"40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant -* **forty days and forty nights** - "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant** - These both refer to the 2 stone tablets on which God wrote the 10 commandments. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **They have quickly turned aside out of the path that I commanded them** - AT: "They have already disobeyed my commands" +The second phrase clarifies that "the two tablets of stone" are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your people ... have corrupted themselves + +"your people ... are doing what is wrong." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/15.md). + +# They have quickly turned aside out of the path that I commanded them + +Moses speaks as if obeying God's commands were walking along a path. AT: "They have already disobeyed my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/13.md b/deu/09/13.md index b1829a067e..343f43074b 100644 --- a/deu/09/13.md +++ b/deu/09/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# blot out their name from under heaven -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] - -## translationNotes - -* **blot out their name from under heaven** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:deu:07:23]]. +"make their name disappear completely" or "kill them all so no one will ever remember them." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/23.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/15.md b/deu/09/15.md index a8e0c5491e..238a1853f6 100644 --- a/deu/09/15.md +++ b/deu/09/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# behold -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. -* **molded for yourselves a calf** - The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **You had turned away from the way that Yahweh had commanded you** - AT: "You had disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you" +The word "behold" here shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. + +# molded for yourselves a calf + +The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You had quickly turned aside out of the path that Yahweh had commanded you + +Moses speaks as if obeying God's commands were walking along a path. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](./11.md). AT: "You had quickly disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/17.md b/deu/09/17.md index f5bfa8d5e9..1153b2f15b 100644 --- a/deu/09/17.md +++ b/deu/09/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# I broke them before your eyes -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -* **I broke them before your eyes** - "I broke them right in front of you" -* **lay facedown before Yahweh** - Lying on the ground with the face turned downward is an expression of deep humility. -* **forty days and forty nights** - "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here "your eyes" is a synecdoche for the people of Israel. AT: "I broke them right in front of you" or "I broke them where you could see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# lay facedown + +"lay with my face on the ground." This is a way of showing that Yahweh was great and Moses was not. + +# forty days and forty nights + +"40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/19.md b/deu/09/19.md index 0da2452b57..61d228542e 100644 --- a/deu/09/19.md +++ b/deu/09/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure with which Yahweh was angry enough against you to destroy you -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. -* **hot displeasure** - "extreme displeasure" +The words "anger and hot displeasure" are a metonym for what Yahweh would do because he was angry and displeased. AT: "Yahweh was angry at you—he was extremely displeased with you—he was angry enough to destroy you, and so I was afraid of what he would do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/21.md b/deu/09/21.md index e6e17edd94..d37e3be889 100644 --- a/deu/09/21.md +++ b/deu/09/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# I took ... burned ... beat ... ground ... threw -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -* **I took your sin** - Here "your sin" refers to the golden calf. AT: "I took your sinful idol" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Moses probably commanded other men to do the actual work. AT: "I had people take ... burn ... beat ... grind ... throw" + +# your sin, the calf that you had made + +Here the gold calf itself referred to as their "sin." AT: "the calf, which you sinfully made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/22.md b/deu/09/22.md index 73e8ff6547..3f310966be 100644 --- a/deu/09/22.md +++ b/deu/09/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# Taberah ... Massah ... Kibroth Hattaavah -* Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -* **Taberah, at Massah, and at Kibroth Hattaavah** - The are names of places that the people of Israel went through while they were in the wilderness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Go up and possess the land** - They were to invade and take the land for their own. -* **rebelled against the commandment** - They refused to obey Yahweh. -* **listen to his his voice** - AT: "obey what he said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These are names of places that the people of Israel went through while they were in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Go up + +They were on low land, and the land Yahweh had told them to take was in the hills, so they had to go uphill to get to it. + +# rebelled against the commandment + +The word "commandment" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "rebelled against Yahweh; you did not obey the commandment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# listen to his voice + +Here "his voice" means what God had said. AT: "obey what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the day that I knew you + +"from the time I began to lead you." Some translations read "from the day that he knew you," the day that Yahweh first knew them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/25.md b/deu/09/25.md index d8437b94c9..b9f7195cf5 100644 --- a/deu/09/25.md +++ b/deu/09/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# lay facedown before Yahweh -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -* **I lay facedown before Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:09:17]]. -* **forty days and forty nights** - "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **that you have rescued through your greatness** - God revealed His greatness to Egypt and Israel by leading Israel out of Egypt. -* **which you have brought out of Egypt with a mighty hand** - God revealed his mighty power. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"lay with my face on the ground." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:18](./17.md). + +# forty days and forty nights + +"40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# you have redeemed + +Moses speaks as if Yahweh had rescued the Israelites by paying money to free them from slavery. AT: "you have rescued" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through your greatness + +The word "greatness" is a metonym for Yahweh's great power. AT: "through your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with a mighty hand + +Here "a mighty hand" refers to Yahweh's power. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "with your mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/27.md b/deu/09/27.md index d8ae83b86d..f633847345 100644 --- a/deu/09/27.md +++ b/deu/09/27.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] +Moses continues praying to Yahweh so that he may not destroy the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Call to mind -* Moses continues praying to Yahweh so that he may not destroy the people of Israel. -* **Call to mind** - AT: "Remember" -* **so that the land ** - AT: "so that the people of Egypt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* ** brought us should say** - "brought us can say" -* **by your great strength and by the display of your power** - These phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "Remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so that the land from where you brought us + +The words "the land" are a metonym for the people of Egypt. AT: "so that the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# should say + +"can say" + +# by your great strength and by the display of your power + +These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's power that he used to rescue his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/intro.md b/deu/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f4c04fe59 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's victory ##### +This chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh's. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh's punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Israel's sin ##### +Yahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/01.md b/deu/10/01.md index 8197be0359..962cab3732 100644 --- a/deu/10/01.md +++ b/deu/10/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# At that time -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -* **At that time** - AT: "After I finished praying" -* **like the first** - Yahweh is referring to the first tablets that Moses had broken. -* **on the mountain** - This is Mount Sinai. -* **chest of wood** - AT: "wooden ark" or "wooden box" +"After I finished praying" + +# first + +"previous." This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. AT: "first tablets" or "first ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the mountain + +This refers to Mount Sinai. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/03.md b/deu/10/03.md index 06616e8e9c..d1eced6892 100644 --- a/deu/10/03.md +++ b/deu/10/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:tencommandments]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# first -* Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -* **a chest** - "an ark" or "a box" -* **like the first** - AT: "just like the first 2 tablets of stone" -* **went up the mountain** - "went up Mount Sinai" -* **out of the middle of the fire in the day of the assembly** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:09:09]]. +"previous." This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. AT: "first tablets" or "first ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# went up the mountain + +"went up Mount Sinai" + +# out of the middle of the fire + +It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/09.md). + +# on the day of the assembly + +The abstract noun "assembly" can be expressed as the verb "gather together." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/09.md). AT: "on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/05.md b/deu/10/05.md index f0d28015cf..0dd95c4936 100644 --- a/deu/10/05.md +++ b/deu/10/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# I turned -* **I turned** - Here "I" refers to Moses. -* **came down from the mountain** - "came down from Mount Sinai" -* **in the chest** - "in the ark" or "in the box" +Here "I" refers to Moses. + +# came down from the mountain + +"came down from Mount Sinai" + +# in the ark + +"in the box" or "in the chest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/06.md b/deu/10/06.md index ca2eda34fc..f0e8806016 100644 --- a/deu/10/06.md +++ b/deu/10/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] +The writer gives a short account of where the Israelites had traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# The people of Israel ... a land of streams of water -* The narrative breaks to give a short travel log. -* **The people of Israel…a land of streams of water** - This gives background information about where the people of Israel traveled. It also covers Aaron's natural death in Moserah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Beeroth Bene Jaakan to Moserah…Gudgodah…Jotbathah** - These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Beeroth Bene Jaakan** - Translator may add a footnote: "The name 'Beeroth Bene Jaakan' means 'the wells that belonged to the people of Jaakan.'" -* **Eleazar** - This is the name of Aaron's son. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This gives background information about where the people of Israel traveled. It also covers Aaron's natural death in Moserah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Beeroth Bene Jaakan to Moserah ... Gudgodah ... Jotbathah + +These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Beeroth Bene Jaakan + +Translator may add a footnote: "The name 'Beeroth Bene Jaakan' means 'the wells that belonged to the people of Jaakan.'" + +# there he was buried + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that is where they buried him" or "the Israelites buried him there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Eleazar + +This is the name of Aaron's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/08.md b/deu/10/08.md index 25c92f6b9e..292fa1fc60 100644 --- a/deu/10/08.md +++ b/deu/10/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +The writer gives background information about the tribe of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# to stand before Yahweh to serve him -* This continues the background information. -* **to bless people in his name, as today** - AT: "to bless people with the authority of Yahweh, as they are doing today" -* **no portion nor inheritance of land** - The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of the promised land when they arrived there. -* **spoke to him** - "spoke to the tribe of Levi" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. "to offer the sacrifices that Yahweh requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in his name + +Here "name" refers to authority. AT: "as representatives of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as today + +"as they are doing today" + +# no portion nor inheritance of land + +The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of the promised land when they arrived there. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh is his inheritance + +Yahweh speaks of the special relationship that Aaron and his descendants will have with him as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. AT: "Yahweh is what they will have" or "Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service" + +# Yahweh your God + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "your" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# spoke to him + +"spoke to the tribe of Levi" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/10.md b/deu/10/10.md index c5dab682f7..e2ba1cfc49 100644 --- a/deu/10/10.md +++ b/deu/10/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] +Moses resumes reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## translationNotes +# as at the first time -* Moses resumes reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -* **as at the first time** - This means the first time Moses went up Mount Sinai to receive the stone tablets from Yahweh. -* **forty days and forty nights** - "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **possess the land** - AT: "take ownership of the land" -* **their ancestors** - This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. -* **to give to them** - "to give to the people of Israel" +"first" is the ordinal number for one. Here it refers to the first time Moses went up Mount Sinai to receive the stone tablets from Yahweh. "as I did the first time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# forty days and forty nights + +"40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# destroy you + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# possess the land + +"take the land" or "take possession of the land" + +# their ancestors + +This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. + +# to give to them + +"that I would give to you, their descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/12.md b/deu/10/12.md index 77e7fc22bf..52a9ef3615 100644 --- a/deu/10/12.md +++ b/deu/10/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Now, Israel -* **Now, Israel** - AT: “Now, people of Israel” or “Now, Israelites” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **what does Yahweh your God require of you...for your own good?** - Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh your God requires you to...for your own good." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **with all your heart and with all your soul** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:deu:04:29]]. +Here the metonym "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Now, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear ... for your own good? + +Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "this is what Yahweh your God requires you to do: to fear ... for your own good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to walk in all his ways + +Moses speaks as if obeying Yahweh were walking on a path. AT: "to obey all his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with all your heart and with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/14.md b/deu/10/14.md index 52575fcd65..d2fa1e17b0 100644 --- a/deu/10/14.md +++ b/deu/10/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **heaven...earth** - These words are combined to mean that all things everywhere belong to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **the heaven of heavens** - This refers to the highest heavens where Yahweh dwells. +The word "behold" emphasizes that what is said next is important. "Pay attention" or "Look" or "Listen" + +# heaven ... earth + +These words show two extremes, and are combined to mean that all things everywhere belong to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the heaven of heavens + +This refers to the highest places in the heavens. Everything in the heavens belong to God. + +# chose you + +Here the word "you" refers to all the Israelites and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/16.md b/deu/10/16.md index 51c543035a..2f9f0f23a6 100644 --- a/deu/10/16.md +++ b/deu/10/16.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:bribe|bribe]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise|circumcise, circumcision]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Because of this" -## translationNotes +# circumcise the foreskin of your heart -* **circumcise the foreskin of your heart** - Moses is referring to a spiritual circumcision. This means the people must remove the sin from their lives. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **God of gods** - AT: "the supreme God" or "the only true God" -* **Lord of lords** - AT: "the supreme Lord" or "the greatest Lord" -* **the fearsome one** - AT: "the one who causes people to fear" +The word "foreskin" refers to the fold of skin on a man's private parts that is removed during circumcision. Here Moses is referring to a spiritual circumcision. This means the people must remove the sin from their lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God of gods + +"the supreme God" or "the only true God" + +# Lord of masters + +"the supreme Lord" or "the greatest Lord" + +# the fearsome one + +"the one who causes people to fear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/18.md b/deu/10/18.md index 5c09f8b9cb..2d87803ff6 100644 --- a/deu/10/18.md +++ b/deu/10/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# He executes justice for the fatherless -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **He executes justice for the fatherless** - AT: "Yahweh is just to the fatherless" -* **fatherless** - children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them -* **widow** - A true widow is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. +"Yahweh makes sure that people treat the fatherless justly" + +# fatherless + +These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. + +# widow + +A true widow is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. + +# Therefore + +"Because of this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/20.md b/deu/10/20.md index 616766045a..bbda4eafd7 100644 --- a/deu/10/20.md +++ b/deu/10/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# him will you worship -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **To him you must cling** - AT: "You must rely on him" -* **by his name will you swear** - In God's name they will promise or commit to doing something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:deu:06:13]]. -* **which your eyes have seen** - They have seen God do great and fearsome things and miracles. AT: "which you yourselves saw" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"he is the one you must worship" + +# To him you must cling + +To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. AT: "You must rely on him" or "He is the one you must rely on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by his name will you swear + +To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. Here "name" represents Yahweh himself. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 6:13](../06/13.md). AT: "you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it" or "when you swear you will speak his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# which your eyes have seen + +Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "which you yourselves have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He is your praise + +Possible meanings are 1) "He is the one you must praise" or 2) "It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/22.md b/deu/10/22.md index deb820826d..c0f8cbd9be 100644 --- a/deu/10/22.md +++ b/deu/10/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they are one man, so "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# went down into Egypt -* **went down into Egypt** - AT: "traveled south to Egypt" or "went to Egypt" -* **seventy persons** - "70 persons" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **as many as the stars of the heavens** - This emphasizes the large number of Israelites that were with Moses. AT: “beyond what you can count” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"traveled south to Egypt" or "went to Egypt" + +# seventy persons + +"70 persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as many as the stars of the heavens + +This emphasizes the large number of Israelites that were with Moses. AT: "more than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/intro.md b/deu/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f3588e655a --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Deuteronomy 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter. + +This chapter focuses on retelling the great things Yahweh has done. It is a continuation of the material from the previous chapter. It is possible that this is a type of sermon or homily, where Moses is giving the people instructions. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/01.md b/deu/11/01.md index bb61aea25c..d49d5ea611 100644 --- a/deu/11/01.md +++ b/deu/11/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# always keep -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +"always obey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/02.md b/deu/11/02.md index 226eeace95..c4e9daef3d 100644 --- a/deu/11/02.md +++ b/deu/11/02.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# who have not known nor have they seen -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] +"who have not experienced" -## translationNotes +# his mighty hand, or his outstretched arm -* **Notice that I am not speaking to your children** - The only children present are those who were born in the wilderness. All the adults now listening to Moses were children at the time their parents rebelled against God in the desert. -* **his mighty hand** - AT: "his strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in the midst of Egypt** - AT: "in Egypt" +Here "mighty hand" and "outstretched arm" are metaphors for Yahweh's power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "or his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the midst of Egypt + +"in Egypt" + +# to all his land + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "to all his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/04.md b/deu/11/04.md index 2574ad6c80..52816a8f50 100644 --- a/deu/11/04.md +++ b/deu/11/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:redsea|Red Sea, Sea of Reeds]] +Moses continues speaking to the adult Israelites who were old enough to see what God did in Egypt. -## translationNotes +# Neither did they see what he did -* Moses continues reminding the parents of what their children did not experience Yahweh do for them. -* **Neither did they see what he did ** - Moses is reminding the adults to tell their children all the miracles Yahweh did when they were children. -* **what he did** - "what Yahweh did" -* **they pursued after you** - Here "you" means the Israelites who were alive about 40 years earlier. -* **to this place** - This means the plain of the Jordan River Valley where Moses is speaking to them before they cross over into Canaan. +"Neither did your children see what Yahweh did" + +# the army of Egypt + +"the Egyptian soldiers" + +# they pursued after you + +Here "you" means the Israelites who were alive about 40 years earlier. + +# to this place + +This means the plain of the Jordan River Valley where Moses is speaking to them before they cross over into Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/06.md b/deu/11/06.md index 1abb4d6673..593c1df652 100644 --- a/deu/11/06.md +++ b/deu/11/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:household|household]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:reuben|Reuben]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +Moses continues to remind the adults to teach their children God's mighty deeds. -## translationNotes +# Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab -* Moses continues to remind the adults to teach their children God's mighty deeds. -* **Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab** - Moses is referring to an event in the past when Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up** - This means the land split open and the people fell in. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **But your eyes have seen** - AT: "But you have seen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Moses is referring to an event in the past when Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Dathan ... Abiram ... Eliab + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# son of Reuben + +"descendant of Reuben" + +# earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up + +Yahweh causing the land to split open so that the people fell in is spoken of as if the land had a mouth and the ability to swallow people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# every living thing that followed them + +This refers to their servants and animals. + +# in the middle of all Israel + +This means all the people of Israel witnessed what happened to Dathan, Abiram, their families, and their possessions. + +# But your eyes have seen + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "But you have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/08.md b/deu/11/08.md index 2d83a43c48..7a89b6eb7c 100644 --- a/deu/11/08.md +++ b/deu/11/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# possess the land -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **possess the land** - AT: "take ownership of the land" -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:06:03]]. +"take the land" + +# where you are going over to possess it + +The phrase "are going over" is used because the people of Israel will have to cross the Jordan River to enter into Canaan. + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/10.md b/deu/11/10.md index ffabfd72ec..d4e561a138 100644 --- a/deu/11/10.md +++ b/deu/11/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# watered it with your foot -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:seed|seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Possible meanings are 1) "foot" is a metonymy that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. AT: "worked hard to water it" or 2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# garden of herbs -* **watered it with your foot** - This means they had to get the water and carry it to the fields. They would also use their feet to dig channels in the dirt so the water could flow to the whole garden. -* **garden of herbs** - AT: "vegetable garden" or "a garden of vegetables" -* **drinks water of the rain of the heaven** - The land is compared to a person who drinks rain water. AT: "watered by rain from the sky" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it** - AT: "Yahweh your God is always watching over it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **from the beginning of the year to the end of the year** - AT: "continuously throughout the entire year" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"vegetable garden" or "garden of vegetables" + +# drinks water of the rain of the heavens + +The land receiving and absorbing a lot of rain is spoken of as if the land were drinking the water. AT: "the rain from the sky gives it plenty of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it + +Here "eyes" represents attention and care. AT: "Yahweh your God is always watching over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the beginning of the year to the end of the year + +Here the two extremes "beginning" and "end" are used together to mean the entire year. AT: "continuously throughout the entire year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/13.md b/deu/11/13.md index 98b49340ec..f3a52e559a 100644 --- a/deu/11/13.md +++ b/deu/11/13.md @@ -1,30 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It will happen, if -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +This means that what Yahweh promises will happen if the Israelites obey his commands. -## translationNotes +# that I command -* **It will happen, if** - This means that what Yahweh promises will happen if the Israelites obey his commands. -* **that I command** - Here "I" refers to Moses. -* **with all your heart and with all your soul** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:04:29]]. -* **I will give the rain of your land in its season** - The rain falling in the right months was very important for their crops. AT: "I will cause it to rain on your land in the proper season" -* **I will give** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **the former rain and the latter rain** - This refers to rain at the beginning of the sowing season and rain for maturing the crops for harvest. AT: "the first rains and the later rains" +Here "I" refers to Moses. + +# with all your heart and with all your soul + +The idiom "with all your heart" means "completely" and "with ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meanings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will give the rain of your land in its season + +"I will cause it to rain on your land in the proper season" + +# I will give + +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in the third person. AT: "Yahweh will give" or "He will give" + +# the former rain and the latter rain + +This refers to rain at the beginning of the sowing season and rain for maturing the crops for harvest. AT: "the autumn rain and spring rain" or "the rain in the right seasons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/16.md b/deu/11/16.md index 9fe3666772..532fe13fa5 100644 --- a/deu/11/16.md +++ b/deu/11/16.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Pay attention to yourselves -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Pay attention to yourselves** - AT: "Be careful" or "Beware" -* **so that your heart is not deceived** - The deception is thinking that they can worship other gods and Yahweh would not become angry. AT: "so that you do not deceive yourselves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **so that the anger of Yahweh is not kindled against you** - AT: "so that Yahweh does not become angry with you" -* **so that he does not shut up the heavens, so that there will be no rain** - AT: "so that he does not cause the rain to stop falling from the sky" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Be careful" or "Beware" + +# so that your heart is not deceived + +Here "heart" represents a person's desires or thoughts. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that your desires do not deceive you" or "so that you do not deceive yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you turn aside and worship other gods + +Rejecting Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the person would physically turn and go in a different direction away from Yahweh. AT: "you start worshiping other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that the anger of Yahweh is not kindled against you + +God becoming angry is spoken of as if it were a fire that were starting. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that Yahweh does not become angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that he does not shut up the heavens so that there will be no rain, and the land will not yield its fruit + +God causing no rain to fall from the sky is spoken of as if he were closing the sky. AT: "so that he does not cause the rain to stop falling from the sky so that crops will not grow in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/18.md b/deu/11/18.md index 10f7ad48b6..3a88f0c0d9 100644 --- a/deu/11/18.md +++ b/deu/11/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# lay up these words of mine in your heart and soul -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +A person always thinking about and considering what Moses commands is spoken of as if the heart and soul were a container and Moses's words were the content to fill the container. AT: "be very careful to remember these words that I am saying to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# these words of mine -* **lay up these words in your heart and soul** - AT: "be very careful to remember what I am saying to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **bind them as a sign on your hand, and let them be as frontlets between your eyes** - See how you translated similar phrases in [[en:bible:notes:deu:06:08]]. -* **when you sit in your house, when you walk on the road, when you lie down, and when you get up** - They were to discuss God's commandments and teach them to their children anytime and anywhere. +"these commands that I have given you" + +# your heart and soul + +Here "heart" and "soul" represent a person's mind or thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bind them + +"tie these words." This is a metonymy that represents a person writing the words on a parchment, putting the parchment in a pouch, and tying the pouch. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor meaning the people must be careful to obey Moses's commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a sign on your hand + +"as something to make you remember my laws" + +# let them be as frontlets between your eyes + +"let my words be as as frontlets between your eyes." This is a metonymy that represents a person writing Moses' words on parchement, putting the parchement in a pouch, and tying the pouch so it sits between his eyes. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor that means the person must be careful to obey all of Moses' commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# frontlets + +ornaments a person wears on the forehead + +# when you sit in your house, when you walk on the road, when you lie down, and when you get up + +Using the different places "in your house" and "on the road," and the opposites "when you lie down" and "get up," represent anywhere, anytime. The people of Israel were to discuss God's commandments and teach them to their children anytime and anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/20.md b/deu/11/20.md index 7074a9d8c1..41d40c527c 100644 --- a/deu/11/20.md +++ b/deu/11/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:doorpost|doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You will write them on the doorposts of your house and on your city gates -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **on the doorposts of your house and on your city gates** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:06:08]]. -* **that your days may be multiplied** - AT: "that Yahweh may increase your days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to your fathers** - This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. -* **be as many days as the heavens are high above the earth** - By this Moses means "forever." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:9](../06/08.md). + +# that your days and the days of your children may be multiplied + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh may cause you and your children to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to your ancestors + +This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. + +# to give them for as long as the heavens are above the earth + +This compares how long the people could stay in the land to how long the sky will exist above the earth. This is a way of saying "forever." AT: "to give them as a possession forever" or "to allow them to live there forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/22.md b/deu/11/22.md index 9687fdc98e..e6a9bd6347 100644 --- a/deu/11/22.md +++ b/deu/11/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# For if you diligently keep all these commandments that I am commanding you, so as to do them -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **For if you diligently keep all these commandments that I am commanding you, so as to do them** - AT: "For if you are careful to do everything that I have commanded you" -* **walk in all his ways** - AT: "obey His commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to cling to him** - AT: "to rely on him" or "to have a good relationship with him" -* **all these nations** - This refers to the people already living in Canaan. -* **you will dispossess nations** - AT: "you will take the land from nations" -* ** larger and mightier than yourselves** - Though Israel's army is smaller and weaker than the nations living in Canaan, Yahweh will enable Israel to defeat them. +"For if you are careful to do everything that I have commanded you" + +# walk in all his ways + +How Yahweh wants a person to live and behave is spoken of as if they are Yahweh's ways or roads. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh's ways or roads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to cling to him + +To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. AT: "to rely on him" or "to have a good relationship with him" Look at how similar words are translated in [Deuteronomy 10:20](../10/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all these nations from before you, and you will dispossess nations + +Here "nations" represent the people groups already living in Canaan. AT: "all of these people groups from before you, and you will take the land from people groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# larger and mightier than yourselves + +Although Israel's army is smaller and weaker than the people groups living in Canaan, Yahweh will enable the people of Israel to defeat them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/24.md b/deu/11/24.md index fc6d8ca7a2..22d391da74 100644 --- a/deu/11/24.md +++ b/deu/11/24.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates|Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon|Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Every place where the sole of your foot will tread -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Every place where the sole of your foot will tread** - AT: "Every place you go" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **from the river, the Euphrates River** - "from the Euphrates River" -* **No man will be able to stand before you** - "No one will be able to stop you" -* **the fear of you and the terror of you** - The words "fear" and "terror" mean the same thing. They are combined to emphasize that the people in Canaan will be very afraid of the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **upon all the land that you tread on** - AT: "upon all the people in every place you go" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "the sole of your foot" represents the whole person. AT: "Every place you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from the river, the Euphrates River + +"from the Euphrates River" + +# No man will be able to stand before you + +The phrase "stand before you" is an idiom. AT: "No one will be able to stop you" or "No one will be able to oppose you" + +# Yahweh your God will lay the fear of you and the terror of you upon all the land that you tread on + +Yahweh causing the people to be very afraid is spoken of as if fear and terror were an object that he will place on the people. AT: "Yahweh your God will cause the people in every place you go to be very afraid of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fear of you and the terror of you + +The words "fear" and "terror" mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. AT: "a terrible fear of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# upon all the land that you tread on + +Here "the land" is a metonym for all the people in the land. AT: "upon all the people in every place you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/26.md b/deu/11/26.md index 4906351cff..57bab2fba8 100644 --- a/deu/11/26.md +++ b/deu/11/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Here Moses summarizes the two options the people of Israel could choose. They could choose to obey and receive God's blessing or they could choose to disobey and receive God's punishment. -## translationNotes +# Look -* **Look, I set before you today a blessing and a curse** - Here Moses summarizes the two options the people of Israel could choose. They could choose to obey and receive God's blessing or they could choose to disobey and receive God's punishment. +"Pay attention" + +# I set before you today a blessing and a curse + +Allowing the people to choose whether they want God to bless them or curse them is spoken of as if a blessing and a curse were objects that Moses is setting in front of them. AT: "Today you must choose whether God will bless you or curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blessing, if you ... the curse, if you + +The abstract nouns "blessings" and "curse" can be translated with verbs. AT: "God will bless you if you ... God will curse you if you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but turn aside from the way that I command you today, to go after other gods + +The commands of Yahweh that Moses is telling the people are spoken of as if they were God's way or road. To not obey God's commands is spoken of as if people physically were to turn in another direction away from Yahweh to follow other gods. AT: "but stop obeying what I command you today, in order to worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# other gods that you have not known + +This refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/29.md b/deu/11/29.md index f960bb0720..2d13094370 100644 --- a/deu/11/29.md +++ b/deu/11/29.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Arabah]] -* [[en:tw:Gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:oak|oak]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you will set the blessing on Mount Gerizim, and the curse on Mount Ebal -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **that you will set the blessing** - AT: "you will proclaim the blessing" or "you will pronounce the blessing" -* **Mount Gerizim...Mount Ebal** - These are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River. Ebal is on the north end of the valley of Shechem and Gerizim is on the south end. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Are they not beyond the Jordan...?** - The Israelites were on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Moses uses a question to remind the people about where these mountains are located. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **west of the western road** - AT: "in the west" -* **over against Gilgal** - This is probably not the same place as the city near Jericho. Moses is probably referring to a place that was near Shechem. AT: "near Gilgal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **oaks of Moreh** - This is near Shechem. This may be a place that people went to receive messages from their gods or to offer sacrifices. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The blessing and the curse are spoken of as if they were objects that someone will set on the mountains. AT: "some of you must stand on top of Mount Gerazim and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to bless you, and the others must stand on top of Mount Ebal and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Mount Gerizim ... Mount Ebal + +These are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Are they not beyond the Jordan ... Moreh? + +The Israelites are on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Moses uses a question to remind the people where these mountains are located. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "As you know, they are beyond the Jordan ... Moreh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# beyond the Jordan + +"on the west side of the Jordan River" + +# west of the western road + +"in the west" + +# over against Gilgal + +"near Gilgal" This may not be the same place as the city near Jericho. Moses may be referring to a place that is near Shechem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# oaks of Moreh + +These are sacred trees near Gilgal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/31.md b/deu/11/31.md index 439a955e0c..a677d66a6a 100644 --- a/deu/11/31.md +++ b/deu/11/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# all the statutes and the decrees -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You will keep all the statutes and the decrees that I set before you today** - These are not new decrees. Moses reviewed all the commands God gave their fathers before they rebelled against God and would not go in and take the land. +These are the statutes and decrees Moses will give in Deuteronomy 12-26. + +# I set before you today + +This does not mean these are new. Moses is reviewing the same statutes and decrees that he gave 40 years earlier. + +# I set before you + +God's statutes and decrees, which Moses is telling the people, are spoken of as if they were objects that Moses is setting before the people. AT: "I am giving to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/intro.md b/deu/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..50d7d36d3b --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Deuteronomy 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Therefore ##### +This chapter begins with the word "therefore," which looks back to the instructions Moses gave in the previous two chapters. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eyewitnesses ##### +The instruction that Moses gives and the retelling of the great things Yahweh has done for Israel are very important. This is because the generation entering into the Promised Land did not witness many of these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +##### Covenant ##### +This chapter is included in the covenant God made with Moses, even though it is not explicitly said. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/01.md b/deu/12/01.md index c0de1a4192..99d48864b0 100644 --- a/deu/12/01.md +++ b/deu/12/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:promisedland]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you will keep -* Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -* **you will keep** - "you must obey" -* **all the days that you live on the earth** - AT: "for as long as you live on that ground" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **You will surely destroy** - "You must destroy" -* **the nations that you will dispossess** - AT: "the people whose land you will take" +"you must obey" + +# all the days that you live on the earth + +The phrase "live on the earth" is an idiom that means as long as a person lives. AT: "for as long as you live" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You will surely destroy + +"You must destroy" + +# the nations that you will dispossess + +Here "nations" represents the people groups that live in Canaan. AT: "the people groups whose land you will take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/03.md b/deu/12/03.md index 11a765e28e..a4ae1c927a 100644 --- a/deu/12/03.md +++ b/deu/12/03.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You must break down their altars -* Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -* **and you will break down their altars** - AT: "you must pull apart the altars of those nations" or "you must destroy the altars of those nations" -* **dash in pieces** - AT: "break into pieces" or "shatter" -* **you will cut down** - "you must chop down" -* **destroy their name** - AT: "get rid of the memory of these false gods" or "destroy anything that represents these false gods" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **that place** - This refers to each place where the nations worshiped their gods. -* **You will not worship Yahweh your God like that** - AT: "You should not worship Yahweh your God like those nations worshiped their gods" +"you must pull apart the altars of those nations" or "you must destroy the altars of those nations" + +# dash in pieces + +"break into pieces" or "shatter" + +# destroy their name + +Here "their name" represents "the memory of them." AT: "destroy them so completely that no one will remember them" or "destroy anything that represents these false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that place + +This refers to each place where the nations worshiped their gods. + +# You will not worship Yahweh your God like that + +"You should not worship Yahweh your God like those nations worshiped their gods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/05.md b/deu/12/05.md index 4009f4d27a..97b33ccc00 100644 --- a/deu/12/05.md +++ b/deu/12/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the place that Yahweh your God will choose out of all your tribes to put his name -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Here "his name" refers to God himself. Yahweh will choose one location where he will live and people will come to worship him there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# it is there that you will go -* **But to the place** - God will it make clear where they are to worship. -* **God will choose out of all your tribes** - From the territory divided between the tribes of Israel, Yahweh would choose one location for worship. -* **that will be the place where he lives** - AT: "he will make his dwelling there" -* **it is there that you will go** - They will go to worship where God decides. -* **your offerings for vows, your freewill offerings** - These are types of offerings. AT: "your offerings to fulfill a vow, your voluntary offerings" -* **the firstborn of your herds and flocks** - God requires that every firstborn male be set apart for him. +They will go to worship where God decides. + +# the offerings presented by your hand + +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "the offerings that you present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your offerings for vows, your freewill offerings + +"your offerings to fulfill a vow, your voluntary offerings." These are types of offerings. + +# the firstborn of your herds and flocks + +God requires that the people give him every firstborn male of their livestock. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/07.md b/deu/12/07.md index a7047307a2..ec3ee60cdd 100644 --- a/deu/12/07.md +++ b/deu/12/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# It is there -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the place that Yahweh will choose for the children of Israel to worship. -## translationNotes +# rejoice about everything that you have put your hand to -* **It is there** - This refers to the place that Yahweh will choose for the children of Israel to worship. -* **rejoice about everything that you have put your hand to** - AT: "rejoice about everything you have worked for" or "rejoice in all that you have undertaken" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. AT: "rejoice about all the work you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/08.md b/deu/12/08.md index 8f6ea30561..2aec64f979 100644 --- a/deu/12/08.md +++ b/deu/12/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You will not do all the things that we are doing here today -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] +"You will not do as we are doing here today." This means that they would worship in the promised land differently than the way they were worshiping at that moment. -## translationNotes +# now everyone is doing whatever is right in his own eyes -* **You will not do all the things that we are doing here today** - This means that they would worship in the promised land differently than how they were worshiping at that moment. They would have to follow the instructions of how Yahweh wanted them to worship. AT: "You will not do as we are doing here today" -* **now everyone is doing whatever is right in his own eyes** - AT: "everyone is doing what seems best to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **come to the rest** - They will live in security in the land. AT: "come to the place of rest" -* **to the inheritance** - This refers to the land Yahweh would give them as a permanent gift. +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "everyone is doing what he considers to be right" or "now everyone is doing what he judges to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the rest + +The abstract noun "the rest" can be stated as a verb. AT: "to the land where you will rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to the inheritance that Yahweh your God is giving you + +The land that God is giving to the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were a possession that a father leaves as an inheritance for his children. AT: "to the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you as a permanent possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/10.md b/deu/12/10.md index 9ebe03e342..2a16f21813 100644 --- a/deu/12/10.md +++ b/deu/12/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# live in the land -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +This refers to the land of Canaan. -## translationNotes +# in the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit -* **and live in the land** - This refers to the land of Canaan. -* **when he gives you rest from all your enemies round about** - AT: "after you have received relief from the enemies around you" or "when he gives you peace from all your enemies around you" -* **then it will happen that to the place where Yahweh your God will choose to cause his name to live** - AT: "then to the place where Yahweh your God will choose as a dwelling for his name" -* **all your choice offerings for vows** - AT: "all your voluntary offerings to fulfill vows" +God giving the land of Canaan to the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were a father giving an inheritance to his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will give you rest from all your enemies round about + +"he will give you peace from all your enemies around you" + +# Then to the place where Yahweh your God will choose to cause his name to live there + +Here "name" represents God himself. AT: "Then to the place where Yahweh your God will choose to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the offerings presented by your hand + +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "the offerings that you present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all your choice offerings for vows + +"all your voluntary offerings to fulfill vows" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/12.md b/deu/12/12.md index a39ac7a5fd..376f6a5397 100644 --- a/deu/12/12.md +++ b/deu/12/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# rejoice before Yahweh -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **rejoice before Yahweh** - "rejoice in the presence of Yahweh" -* **the Levites who are within your gate** - The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of land because Yahweh was to be their inheritance. Here "gate" refers to the towns or cities where the Levites lived. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"rejoice in the presence of Yahweh" + +# the Levites who are within your gate + +Here "gates" is a reference to the city itself. AT: "the Levites who live inside your city" or "the Levites living with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# because he has no portion or inheritance among you + +The fact that Yahweh would not give any of the land to the Levites is spoken of as if a father were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has no portion + +Here "he" refers to Levi. Levi represents all of his descendants. AT: "they have no portion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/13.md b/deu/12/13.md index 2e447de91d..fda22abb57 100644 --- a/deu/12/13.md +++ b/deu/12/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Pay attention to yourself -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Pay attention to yourself** - AT: "Be careful" -* **every place that you see** - AT: "any place that pleases you" or "wherever you want" -* **but it is at the place that Yahweh will choose ** - The burnt offerings are to be made at the tabernacle. Where the tabernacle is located remains under Yahweh's control. +"Be careful" + +# every place that you see + +"any place that pleases you" or "wherever you want" + +# but it is at the place that Yahweh will choose + +The burnt offerings are to be made at the tabernacle. Yahweh himself would choose where the tabernacle would be located. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/15.md b/deu/12/15.md index 29dd477770..ee07195731 100644 --- a/deu/12/15.md +++ b/deu/12/15.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# However, you may kill and eat animals within all your gates -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:receive|receive]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +The people could only kill animals as sacrifices in the place that Yahweh would choose. They could kill animals for food anywhere they wanted. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# within all your gates -* **However, you may kill and eat animals within all your gates** - The people could only kill animals as sacrifices in the place that Yahweh would choose. They could kill animals for food anywhere they wanted. -* **the gazelle and the deer** - These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. AT: "the antelope and the deer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **But you will not eat the blood** - The blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. +Here "gates" represents the whole city. AT: "inside your city" or "at your homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the unclean ... persons + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the clean persons + +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the gazelle and the deer + +These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. AT: "the antelope and the deer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# But you will not eat the blood + +The blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/17.md b/deu/12/17.md index 85a5931b52..2ba1df9f99 100644 --- a/deu/12/17.md +++ b/deu/12/17.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:tenth|tenth, tithe]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Moses describes to the people all the special offerings and sacrifices that are to be made at the tabernacle. -## translationNotes +# within your gates -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You may not eat within your gates...** - Moses describes all the special offerings and sacrifices that are to be made at the tabernacle. -* **within your gates** - AT: "inside your city" or "at your homes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **nor that of offering you present with your hand** - AT: "nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh" +Here "gates" represents the whole city. AT: "inside your city" or "at your homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# nor that of the offering you present with your hand + +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/18.md b/deu/12/18.md index c3c1b2f804..4b3ad341fa 100644 --- a/deu/12/18.md +++ b/deu/12/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you will eat them -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **you will eat them** - "you will eat your offerings" -* **before Yahweh** - AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" -* **within your gate** - AT: “inside your city” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **everything that you put your hand to** - AT: "all you undertake" or "all that you do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Pay attention to yourself ** - AT: "Be careful" -* **that you do not forsake** - Moses uses a negative comment to emphasize that the people must take care of the Levites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"you will eat your offerings" + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh + +# the Levite who is within your gates + +Here "gate" represents the whole city AT: "any Levite who lives inside your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# everything to which you put your hand + +Here "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. AT: "rejoice about all the work you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Pay attention to yourself + +"Be careful" + +# that you do not forsake + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "that you take good care of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/20.md b/deu/12/20.md index d4ca47ffe1..20063b6daa 100644 --- a/deu/12/20.md +++ b/deu/12/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# enlarges your borders -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +"enlarges your territory" or "gives you even more land" -## translationNotes +# you say, 'I will eat flesh,' because of your desire to eat meat -* **enlarges your borders** - AT: "enlarges your territory" or "increases the size of your land" -* **I will eat flesh** - AT: "I will eat the meat of an animal" -* **because your desire ** - AT: "because you want" or "because you crave" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "and you decide that you want to eat meat" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# as your soul desires + +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: "as you want" or "as you crave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/21.md b/deu/12/21.md index ca08a4fbfa..200d58fa38 100644 --- a/deu/12/21.md +++ b/deu/12/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# chooses to put his name -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **chooses to put his name there** - This refers to the place Yahweh would choose for the people to come worship him and offer sacrifices. AT: "chooses to dwell" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **within your gates** - AT: "within your community" or "inside your city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **as your soul desires** - AT: "as you desire" -* **Like the gazelle and the deer are eaten** - AT: "Just like you eat the gazelle and the deer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **gazelle and the deer** - See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:deu:12:15]]. +Here "name" refers to God himself. Yahweh would choose a place where he will live and the people will come to worship him. AT: "chooses to dwell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# within your gates + +Here "gates" represents the whole city." AT: "inside your city" or "within your community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# as your soul desires + +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: "as you desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Like the gazelle and the deer are eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Just like you eat the gazelle and the deer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gazelle and the deer + +These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](./15.md). + +# the unclean ... persons + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the clean persons + +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/23.md b/deu/12/23.md index 96a6a26bdb..815979cc54 100644 --- a/deu/12/23.md +++ b/deu/12/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the blood is the life -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:consume|consume]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Here the way that blood sustains life is spoken of as if the blood were life itself. AT: "the blood sustains life" or "the blood causes animals and people to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you will not eat the life with the meat -* **what is right in the eyes of Yahweh** - AT: “what is right according to Yahweh's judgment” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "life" here represents the blood that sustains life. AT: "You will not eat what sustains life with the meat" or "you will not eat the blood, which sustains life, with the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what is right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what is right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/26.md b/deu/12/26.md index 0527a999cc..0ea63001ff 100644 --- a/deu/12/26.md +++ b/deu/12/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# offerings for your vows -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +"offerings to fulfill vows" or "vow offerings" -## translationNotes +# the blood of your sacrifices will be poured out -* **offerings for your vows** - AT: "offerings to fulfill vows" or "vow offerings" -* **the blood of your sacrifices will be poured out** - AT: "the priest will pour out the blood of the sacrifice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you will eat the flesh** - God's law specifies what parts of the animal are for the burnt offering, what parts are for the priest and what parts are for the offerer to eat. AT: "you will eat some of the meat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priest will pour out the blood of the sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will eat the flesh + +God's law specifies which parts of the animal are for the burnt offering, which parts are for the priest and which parts are for the offerer to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "you will eat some of the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/28.md b/deu/12/28.md index 2df509d0b9..7b2a87373c 100644 --- a/deu/12/28.md +++ b/deu/12/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Observe and listen to all these words that I command you -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Observe and listen to all these words that I command you** - AT: "Carefully listen to and obey everything that I am commanding you" -* **that it may go well with you and with your children after you** - AT: "that you and your descendants may prosper" -* **when you do what is good and right** - The words "good" and "right" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: “when you do what is right” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **in the eyes of Yahweh** - This is according to what Yahweh considers right behavior. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Carefully listen to and obey everything that I am commanding you" + +# that it may go well with you and with your children after you + +Here "children" means all of their descendants. AT: "that you and your descendants may prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# when you do what is good and right + +The words "good" and "right" have similar meanings and emphasize the importance of right behavior. AT: "when you do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# what is good and right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what is good and right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be good and right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/29.md b/deu/12/29.md index 565cddd106..7f2e3588ca 100644 --- a/deu/12/29.md +++ b/deu/12/29.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# cuts off the nations -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh destroying the people groups in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the nations -* **cuts off the nations before you** - Here "nations" refers to the people already living in Canaan. AT: "destroys the nations before you" -* **when you go in to dispossess them, and you dispossess them** - AT: "when you take everything from them" -* **pay attention to yourself** - AT: "be careful" -* **that you are not trapped into following them...trapped into investigating their gods, into asking** - This means acting like the other people groups and worshiping their gods would lead the people of Israel to ruin like an animal caught in a hunter's trap. AT: "that no one causes you to act like the nations...causes you to ask about their gods, saying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **after they are destroyed from before you** - AT: "after Yahweh destroys them from before you" +Here "nations" represents the people living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when you go in to dispossess them, and you dispossess them + +"when you take everything from them" + +# pay attention to yourself + +"be careful" + +# that you are not trapped into following them ... trapped into investigating their gods, into asking + +A person learning about and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they are caught in a hunter's trap. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you do not act like them ... that you do try to learn about their gods, asking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# not trapped into following them + +The Israelites worshiping idols as the people groups of Canaan worship idols is spoken of as if the Israelites were following behind the other people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# after they are destroyed from before you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after Yahweh destroys them before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into asking, 'How do these nations worship their gods? I will do the same.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "into asking about how those people groups worship their gods so that you can do the same." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/31.md b/deu/12/31.md index 2ca99b915f..dbd1ec9b88 100644 --- a/deu/12/31.md +++ b/deu/12/31.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not add to it or take away from it -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Do not add to it or take away from it** - They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God specified. +They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God has given them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/intro.md b/deu/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..299f441469 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Deuteronomy 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant with Moses ##### + +This chapter is a continuation of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. The reasons for these food restrictions are not always known.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Israel and Yahweh ##### + +In the ancient Near East, when nations conquered other nations, they often added the gods of the conquered nation into their collection of gods they worshiped. It was rare to worship only one God. Israel was to be known for worshiping Yahweh and Yahweh alone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/01.md b/deu/13/01.md index da9c75ef30..bc6e4b3e29 100644 --- a/deu/13/01.md +++ b/deu/13/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# If there arises among you -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **If there arises among you** - AT: "If there appears among you" or "If someone among you claims to be" -* **a dreamer of dreams** - This is someone who receives messages from God through dreams. -* **a sign or a wonder** - This refers to a prophecy or miracle that demonstrates God's power. -* **comes about** - AT: "takes place" or "happens" -* **of which he spoke to you and said, 'Let us go after other gods, that you have not known, and let us worship them** - This could be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "and he tells you to serve and worship other gods which you have not known" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **love Yahweh your God with all your heart and with all your soul** - AT: “earnestly love Yahweh your God” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"If there appears among you" or "If someone among you claims to be" + +# a dreamer of dreams + +This is someone who receives messages from God through dreams. + +# a sign or a wonder + +These two words have similar meanings and refer to various miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# comes about + +"takes place" or "happens" + +# of which he spoke to you and said, 'Let us go after other gods, that you have not known, and let us worship them,' + +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "and he tells you to serve and worship other gods which you have not known," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Let us go after other gods + +Worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were going after or following other gods. AT: "Let us follow other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# go after other gods, that you have not known + +The phrase "gods, that you have not known" refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power. + +# do not listen to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of dreams + +"do not listen to what that prophet say nor to what the dreamer of dreams says" + +# with all your heart and with all your soul + +The idiom "with all your heart" means "completely" and "with ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/04.md b/deu/13/04.md index ed5d163e07..55bcd5ac6c 100644 --- a/deu/13/04.md +++ b/deu/13/04.md @@ -1,34 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# You will walk after Yahweh your God -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were walking after or following Yahweh. AT: "You will obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# obey his voice -* **obey his voice** - AT: “obey what he says” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **cling to him** - AT: "rely on him" -* **will be put to death** - AT: "you must kill" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he has spoken rebellion** - AT: "he has tried to make you rebel" -* **who redeemed you out of the house of bondage** - AT: “who rescued you out of the place where you were slaves” -* **draw you out of the way that Yahweh your God commanded you to walk in** - AT: "to make you disobey what Yahweh your God commanded" +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh says. AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cling to him + +To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. AT: "rely on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he has spoken rebellion + +The abstract noun "rebellion" can be stated as a verb. AT: "he has tried to make you rebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who redeemed you out of the house of bondage + +Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people out of slavery. AT: "who rescued you out of the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of bondage + +Here "house of bondage" represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. AT: "Egypt where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# draw you out of the way in which Yahweh your God commanded you to walk + +How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road on which God wants his people to walk. A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying God is spoken of as if the person were trying to get the other person to stop walking on God's way or road. AT: "make you disobey what Yahweh your God commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So put away the evil from among you + +Here "the evil" refers to the evil person or the evil behavior. This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "So you must remove from among the people of Israel the person who does this evil thing" or "So you must kill this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/06.md b/deu/13/06.md index f6fdea91dc..f9b2a7997c 100644 --- a/deu/13/06.md +++ b/deu/13/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# wife of your bosom -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **wife of your bosom** - AT: "wife you love" or "wife you dearly embrace" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **friend who is to you like your own soul** - AT: "your dearest friend" or "a friend you love as much as you love yourself" -* **secretly entices you and says, 'Let us go and worship...other end of the earth** - This could be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "secretly tries to convince you to go and worship...other end of the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **that are round about you** - "that are around you" -* **from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth** - AT: "throughout the entire earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +A bosom is a person's chest. This is a idiom that he holds close to his chest, which means he loves and cherishes her. AT: "wife you love" or "wife you dearly embrace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# friend who is to you like your own soul + +Here "soul" represents the person's life. This means the person cares for his friend as much as he cares for his own life. AT: "your dearest friend" or "a friend you love as much as you love yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# secretly entices you and says, 'Let us go and worship ... other end of the earth.' + +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "secretly tries to convince you to go and worship ... other end of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# that are round about you + +"that are around you" + +# from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth + +Here the reference to the two extremes of the earth means "everywhere on earth." AT: "throughout the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/08.md b/deu/13/08.md index 13b8751735..8e5d2b86b8 100644 --- a/deu/13/08.md +++ b/deu/13/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not give in to him -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] +"Do not agree to what he wants" -## translationNotes +# you must not permit your eye to pity him -* **Do not consent to him** - AT: "Do not give in" or "Do not agree" -* **Neither must your eye pity him** - AT: "Neither will you look at him with pity" or “Neither will you feel sorry for him” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **neither will you spare him or conceal him** - AT: "neither will you show him mercy or hide from others what he has done" -* **your hand will be the first on him to put him to death** - This means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word "hand" refers to the entire person. AT: "you must be the first to strike him to kill him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the hand of all the people** - AT: "the other people will join you" +Here "your eye" refers to the whole person. AT: "you msut not look at him with pity" or "you must not show him mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you must not spare him or conceal him + +"you must not show him mercy or hide from others what he has done" + +# your hand will be the first on him to put him to death + +This means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "you must be the first to strike him to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the hand of all the people + +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "the other people will join you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/10.md b/deu/13/10.md index a981bc879f..80e3b94dd8 100644 --- a/deu/13/10.md +++ b/deu/13/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he has tried to draw you away from Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +"to turn you away from Yahweh." A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were trying to cause someone to physically turn around and leave Yahweh. AT: "he has tried to make you disobey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the house of bondage -* **to draw you away from** - AT: "to turn you away from" or "to make you disobey" -* **out of the house of bondage** - AT: “out from the place where you were slaves” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "house of bondage" represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. AT: "out from the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# All Israel will hear and fear + +It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed, they will be afraid to act like he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/12.md b/deu/13/12.md index efdcbb6c7e..eda5e9a938 100644 --- a/deu/13/12.md +++ b/deu/13/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Some wicked fellows have gone out from among you -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **have gone out from among you** - The wicked men were Israelites. -* **have drawn away the inhabitants of their city and said, 'Let us go and worship other gods that you have not known** - This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "have persuaded those who live in their city to go and worship other gods that they have not known" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **examine the evidence, make search, and investigate it thoroughly** - All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses is emphasizing that they must carefully find out what truly happened at the city. -* **that such a detestable thing has been done among you** - AT: "that the people of the city have done such a terrible thing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The phrase "from among you" means that these wicked men were Israelites who lived in their communities. + +# have drawn away the inhabitants of their city and said, 'Let us go and worship other gods that you have not known.' + +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "have persuaded those who live in their city to go and worship other gods that they have not known." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# have drawn away the inhabitants of their city + +A person causing someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person has caused the other person to physically turn and leave Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# examine the evidence, make search, and investigate it thoroughly + +All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses is emphasizing that they must carefully find out what truly happened at the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that such an abominable thing has been done among you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the people of the city have done such a terrible thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/15.md b/deu/13/15.md index ffb7f00ae0..f3c715b778 100644 --- a/deu/13/15.md +++ b/deu/13/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# with the edge of the sword -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +Here "edge" represents the whole sword. AT: "with your swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# all the spoil -* **with the edge of the sword** - To kill everyone with their swords. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **spoil** - This means the possessions and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle. AT: "plunder" -* **heap of ruins** - "pile of ruins" -* **it must never be built again** - AT: "no one must ever rebuild the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"all the plunder." This refers to the possessions and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle. + +# heap of ruins + +"pile of ruins" + +# it must never be built again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one must ever rebuild the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/17.md b/deu/13/17.md index 6430f90d6a..dc354603f2 100644 --- a/deu/13/17.md +++ b/deu/13/17.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# None of those things set apart for destruction must stick in your hand -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from other things. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not keep any of the things God has commanded you to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# must stick in your hand -* **None of those things consigned for destruction must stick in your hand** - AT: "You must not keep any of the things God has commanded you to destroy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you are listening to the voice of Yahweh** - AT: “you are obeying what Yahweh says” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **which is right in the eyes of Yahweh your God** - AT: “which is right according to Yahweh your God” or “what Yahweh your God considers to be right” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a way of saying a person keeps something. AT: "must you keep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh will turn from the fierceness of his anger + +Yahweh no longer being angry is spoken of as his anger were an object and Yahweh physically turns away from it. AT: "Yahweh will stop being angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to your fathers + +Here "fathers" means ancestors or forefathers. + +# you are listening to the voice of Yahweh + +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh says. AT: "you are obeying what Yahweh says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that which is right in the eyes of Yahweh your God + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "that which is right in Yahweh's judgment" or "that which Yahweh your God considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/intro.md b/deu/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fba6e56d02 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Deuteronomy 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worshiping other gods ##### + +The people were required to listen to Yahweh's prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel's worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/01.md b/deu/14/01.md index cca474fe81..8241330c5a 100644 --- a/deu/14/01.md +++ b/deu/14/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You are the people ... you are a nation ... has chosen you -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Do not cut yourselves, nor shave any part of your face for the dead** - These were ways the people groups living in Canaan grieved over people who had died. Moses is telling the people of Israel not to act like them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **nor shave any part of your face** - AT: "nor shave the front of your head" -* **a people for his own possession** - AT: "a people for his treasured possession" or "his people" -* **more than all peoples that are on the surface of the earth** - AT: "out of all the people groups in the world" +All occurrences of "you" refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. AT: "We are the people ... we are a nation ... has chosen us" + +# Do not cut yourselves, nor shave any part of your face for the dead + +These were ways the people groups living in Canaan showed that they were grieving over people who had died. Moses is telling the people of Israel not to act like them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nor shave any part of your face + +"nor shave the front of your head" + +# For you are a nation ... surface of the earth + +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 7:6](../07/06.md). + +# you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God + +Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh has chosen you to be a people for his own possession + +This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. They both mean that the people of Israel belong to Yahweh in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a people for his own possession + +"a people for his treasured possession" or "his people" + +# more than all peoples that are on the surface of the earth + +"out of all the people groups in the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/03.md b/deu/14/03.md index 012e9e7a4a..3960d2d7a3 100644 --- a/deu/14/03.md +++ b/deu/14/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not eat any abominable thing -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] +The people of Israel were not supposed to eat anything that God said was unfit for eating. -## translationNotes +# the deer, the gazelle, the roebuck -* **You must not eat any disgusting thing** - The people of Israel were not supposed to eat anything that God said was unclean. -* **the gazelle** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:12:15]]. -* **the roebuck** - a type of deer (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **the ibex** - a type of mountain goat (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +These are all types of deer. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as "all kinds of deer." + +# the gazelle + +This is wild animal with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md). + +# the roebuck + +a type of deer (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# ibex, and the antelope + +Both of these are types of antelope. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as "all kinds of antelope." + +# ibex + +a type of antelope (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/06.md b/deu/14/06.md index 4e024ec031..bd6400456d 100644 --- a/deu/14/06.md +++ b/deu/14/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# that parts the hoof -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:camel|camel]] -* [[en:tw:hooves]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] +"that have split hooves." This is a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. -## translationNotes +# chews the cud -* **that parts the hoof** - This is a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. AT: "that have split hooves" (UDB) -* **chews the cud** - This is an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. -* **rabbit** - a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **rock badger** - a small animal that lives in rocky places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +This means the animal brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. + +# rabbit + +This is a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# rock badger + +This is a small animal that lives in rocky places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# they are unclean for you + +Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/08.md b/deu/14/08.md index 069d2c2447..a56408f92c 100644 --- a/deu/14/08.md +++ b/deu/14/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The pig is unclean for you -* [[en:tw:pig]] -* [[en:tw:pig|pig, hog]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this verse. +Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/09.md b/deu/14/09.md index 5cae1c664c..6008f12e07 100644 --- a/deu/14/09.md +++ b/deu/14/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Of these things that are in water you may eat -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Of these things that are in water you may eat** - AT: "You may eat these kinds of animals that live in the water" -* **fins** - the thin, flat part which the fish uses to move through the water -* **scales** - the small plates that cover the body of the fish +"You may eat these kinds of animals that live in the water" + +# fins + +the thin, flat part which the fish uses to move through the water + +# scales + +the small plates that cover the body of the fish + +# they are unclean for you + +Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/11.md b/deu/14/11.md index 47fb1069b5..ab244cc481 100644 --- a/deu/14/11.md +++ b/deu/14/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# All clean birds -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] +An animal that God says is fit for his people to eat is spoken of as if the animal were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# eagle ... vulture ... osprey ... red kite ... black kite ... falcon -* **eagle…vulture…osprey…red kite…black kite…falcon** - These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/14.md b/deu/14/14.md index 6b9bff8c28..3b6e66aec9 100644 --- a/deu/14/14.md +++ b/deu/14/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# raven ... cormorant -* [[en:tw:kind]] - -## translationNotes - -* **raven...cormorant** - These are types birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **ostrich** - "desert owl" -* **sea gull** - "long-eared owl" -* **pelican** - "horned owl" -* **cormorant** - "fisher owl" +These are all types of birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/18.md b/deu/14/18.md index 31b5f45c7c..09aa057556 100644 --- a/deu/14/18.md +++ b/deu/14/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# stork ... heron, the hoopoe -* [[en:tw:clean]] +These are types of birds that eat small animals and lizards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# the bat -* **stork...heron, the hoopoe** - These are types of birds that eat rodents and lizards. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **the bat** - animal with wings and furry body which is awake mainly at night and eats insects and rodents -* **all winged, swarming things** - This a a ban on flying insects that move in large groups. -* **they must not be eaten** - AT: "you must not eat them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +animal with wings and furry body which is awake mainly at night and eats insects and rodents + +# All winged, swarming things + +This means all flying insects that move in large groups. + +# are unclean for you + +Animals that God says are unfit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they must not be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must not eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all clean flying things + +Animals that God says are fit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/21.md b/deu/14/21.md index 7315b971c9..69fe51a650 100644 --- a/deu/14/21.md +++ b/deu/14/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# anything that dies of itself -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **anything that dies of itself** - This means an animal that dies a natural death. -* **the foreigner who is within your gate** - AT: "the foreigner who is in your town" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This means an animal that dies a natural death. + +# For you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God + +Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/22.md b/deu/14/22.md index 123535eaf3..bee6a6f3b1 100644 --- a/deu/14/22.md +++ b/deu/14/22.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# tithe all the yield of your seed -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:seed|seed]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:tenth|tenth, tithe]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +This means they are to give one part out of every ten equal parts from their crops. -## translationNotes +# year after year -* **tithe all the yield** - These tithes are seasonal. The Jewish people are to come together regularly to celebrate theses feasts. -* **year after year** - AT: "every year" +"every year" + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/24.md b/deu/14/24.md index 8b4dded95f..f3c92b34a3 100644 --- a/deu/14/24.md +++ b/deu/14/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# carry it -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Here "it" refers to the tithe of crops and livestock. -## translationNotes +# you will convert the offering into money -* **carry it** - Here "it" refers to the tithe of crops and herds the people were to bring to Yahweh's sanctuary. -* **you will convert the offering into money** - AT: "you will sell your offering for money" -* ** tie up the money in your hand, and go** - AT: "put the money in a bag and take it with you" +"you will sell your offering for money" + +# tie up the money in your hand, and go + +"put the money in a bag and take it with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/26.md b/deu/14/26.md index 2a0f959c18..7a5123fcb3 100644 --- a/deu/14/26.md +++ b/deu/14/26.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# for whatever you desire -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:household|household]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink|strong drink]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +"for whatever you want" -## translationNotes +# before Yahweh -* **for whatever you desire** - "for whatever you want" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **The Levite who is within your gates** - AT: "The Levite who lives in your towns" -* **do not forsake him** - AT: "make sure to give some of your tithe to the Levite" -* **for he has no portion nor inheritance with you** - This means he does not own land. Yahweh is the inheritance for the Levites. +"in the presence of Yahweh" + +# The Levite who is within your gates + +Here "gate" represents the entire city or town. AT: "Any Levite who lives in your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# do not forsake him + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "make sure to give some of your tithe to the Levite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# for he has no portion nor inheritance with you + +The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of land as their inheritance. Their share of the inheritance was the honor of serving Yahweh as his priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no portion nor inheritance with you + +God not giving land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/28.md b/deu/14/28.md index 6aa8b0b077..e20c8ba22a 100644 --- a/deu/14/28.md +++ b/deu/14/28.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# every three years you will present all the tithe of your produce -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Once every 3 years the Israelites were to store their tithes within their own towns so that it would be used to provide for the Levites, orphans, widows and foreigners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# within your gates -* **every three years you will present all the tithe of your produce** - Once every 3 years the Jews were to give their tithe to the town so that it would be used to provide for the Levites, orphans, widows and foreigners. -* **fatherless** - children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them -* **widow** - a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age +Here "gates" represents the entire city or town. AT: "inside your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# because he has no portion nor inheritance with you + +God not giving any land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fatherless + +These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. + +# widow + +This is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. + +# in all the work of your hand that you do + +Here "hand" represents the whole person. This refers to the work that someone does. AT: "in all the work you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/intro.md b/deu/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e136e896e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Law of Moses ##### +This chapter is part of the law of Moses, which is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Clean animals ##### +There are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/01.md b/deu/15/01.md index f9d734dd3c..6c06883e7a 100644 --- a/deu/15/01.md +++ b/deu/15/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# seven years -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **seven years** - "7 years" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) -* **you must cancel debts** - AT: "forgive every thing which people still owe you" -* **This is the manner of their release** - AT: "This is how to cancel debts" -* **creditor** - a person who lends money to other people -* **his neighbor or his brother** - Both of these words mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "his fellow Israelite" or "his neighbor and his brother" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **because Yahweh’s cancellation of debts has been proclaimed** - AT: "because Yahweh has required that you cancel debts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your hand must release** - AT: “you must not demand it back” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"7 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# you must cancel debts + +"forgive every thing which people still owe you" + +# This is the manner of the release + +"This is how to cancel the debts" + +# creditor + +a person who lends money to other people + +# his neighbor or his brother + +The words "neighbor" and "brother" share similar meanings and emphasize the close relationship that they have with their fellow Israelites. AT: "his fellow Israelite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# because Yahweh's cancellation of debts has been proclaimed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because Yahweh has required that you cancel debts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your hand must release + +This is an idiom. AT: "you must not demand it back" or "you must not require repayment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/04.md b/deu/15/04.md index d9615240ab..5adf00d1d7 100644 --- a/deu/15/04.md +++ b/deu/15/04.md @@ -1,28 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# no poor -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rule]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The nominal adjective "poor" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "no poor people" or "no one who is poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# the land that he gives -* **the land that he gives** - This refers to the land of Canaan. -* **if only you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God** - AT: “if only you are careful to obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you** - This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that the people of Israel will be financially superior to the other nations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This refers to the land of Canaan. + +# he gives you as an inheritance to possess + +The land that Yahweh is giving to his people is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Yahweh is giving them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if only you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God + +Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" refers to what Yahweh himself says. AT: "if only you are careful to obey what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will lend ... you will not borrow + +The word "money" is understood. You can make the full meaning of this statement clear. AT: "you will lend money ... you will not borrow money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to many nations ... over many nations + +Here "nations" represents the people. AT: "to the people of many nations ... over the people of many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you + +Here "rule over" means to be financially superior. This means basically the same thing as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/07.md b/deu/15/07.md index 14982af7d5..4b218c11db 100644 --- a/deu/15/07.md +++ b/deu/15/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# If there is a poor man -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:hard|hard, hardness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] +Here "man" means a person in general. AT: "If there is a poor person" -## translationNotes +# one of your brothers -* **within any of your gates ** - AT: “within any of your towns” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **you must not harden your heart nor shut your hand from your poor brother** - AT: "do not be stubborn and refuse to help him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **but you must surely open your hand to him** - AT: "but you must surely help him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"one of your fellow Israelites" + +# within any of your gates + +Here "gates" represents the entire city or town. AT: "within any of your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you must not harden your heart + +Being stubborn is spoken of as if the person hardened their heart. AT: "you must not be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nor shut your hand from your poor brother + +A person who refuses to provide for a poor person is spoken of as if he were shutting his hand so that the poor person cannot get anything from him. AT: "nor refuse to help your fellow Israelite who is poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but you must surely open your hand to him + +A person who helps a poor person is spoken of as if he were opening his hand to him. AT: "but you must surely help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/09.md b/deu/15/09.md index e059b656d5..fbd5115ac8 100644 --- a/deu/15/09.md +++ b/deu/15/09.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# not to have a wicked thought in your heart, saying -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Here "heart" represents a person's mind. AT: "not to think a wicked thought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# The seventh year, the year of release, is near -* **not to have a wicked thought in your heart, saying** - AT: "not to think this wicked thought" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the year of release** - AT: "the year to cancel debts" -* **so that you not be stingy in regard to your poor brother and give him nothing** - AT: "so that you are not stubborn and refuse to give anything to your fellow Israelite" -* **cry out to Yahweh** - AT: "shout to Yahweh for help" -* **your heart must not be sorry** - AT: "you should not regret it" or "you should be happy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **in all that you put your hand to** - AT: "in all you do" +It is implied that because the year of release will happen soon, the person thinking this will be reluctant to help a poor person since it is likely that the poor person will not have to pay him back. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The seventh year + +The word "seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the year of release + +"the year to cancel debts" + +# is near + +Something that will happen soon is spoken of as if it were physically near. AT: "will happen soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that you will not be stingy in regard to your poor brother and give him nothing + +"so that you are not stubborn and refuse to give anything to your fellow Israelite" + +# cry out to Yahweh + +"shout to Yahweh for help" + +# it would be sin for you + +"Yahweh will consider what you have done to be sinful" + +# your heart must not be sorry + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "you should not regret it" or "you should be happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# in all that you put your hand to + +Here "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. AT: "in all that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/11.md b/deu/15/11.md index 796fe92e57..6478c37a49 100644 --- a/deu/15/11.md +++ b/deu/15/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For the poor will never cease to exist in the land -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "For there will always be poor people in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# For the poor -* **open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor** - The words "needy" and "poor" mean the same thing. AT: "help your poor fellow Israelites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The nominal adjective "the poor" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "For poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I command you and say, 'You must surely open your hand ... in your land.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "I command you to open your hand ... in your land" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor + +A person who is willing to help someone else is spoken of as if his hand were open. AT: "help your fellow Israelite, those who are needy, and those who are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your brother, to your needy, and to your poor + +The words "needy" and "poor" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. AT: "help your fellow Israelites who cannot help themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/12.md b/deu/15/12.md index 1fea66ea18..ae226bc3a1 100644 --- a/deu/15/12.md +++ b/deu/15/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew|Hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:thresh|thresh, threshing floor]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] -* [[en:tw:winepress|winepress]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# If your brother -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **is sold to you** - If a person could not repay their debts, they sometimes sold themselves into slavery to pay what they owed. AT: "sell themselves to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **empty-handed** - handed** - AT: "without anything to eat or drink for himself and his family" -* **liberally provide for him out of your** - AT: "generously give to him from your" +Here "brother" means an Israelite in general, whether a male or female. AT: "If a fellow Israelite" or "If a fellow Hebrew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# is sold to you + +If a person could not repay their debts, they sometimes sold themselves into slavery to pay what they owed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "sell themselves to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# six years + +"6 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventh year + +"7th year." This "seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# you must not let him go empty-handed + +A person who has no possessions to provide for himself or his family is spoken of as if his hands were empty. AT: "you must not let him leave without having anything to provide for himself and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# liberally provide for him + +"generously give to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/15.md b/deu/15/15.md index 1daf4921be..295bfe7a8a 100644 --- a/deu/15/15.md +++ b/deu/15/15.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# remember that you were a slave -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Here "you" includes their ancestors that were slaves for many years. AT: "remember that your people were once slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# that Yahweh your God redeemed you -* **remember that you were a slave** - The "you" includes their ancestors that were slaves for many years. AT: "remember that your people were once slaves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **then you must take an awl and thrust it through his ear to a door** - AT: "then you will place his head near a wooden door frame in your house, and then put the point of the awl through his earlobe into the wood" -* **awl** - a sharp, pointed tool used to make a hole -* **forever** - AT: “until the end of his life” or “until he dies” +Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if he says to you, 'I will not go away from you,' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "if he says to you that he will not go away from you," (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# your house + +Here "house" represents the person's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then you must take an awl and thrust it through his ear to a door + +"then you will place his head near a wooden door frame in your house, and then put the point of the awl through his earlobe into the wood" + +# awl + +a sharp, pointed tool used to make a hole (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# for life + +"until the end of his life" or "until he dies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/18.md b/deu/15/18.md index 3523408bb5..3e3528a966 100644 --- a/deu/15/18.md +++ b/deu/15/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It must not seem difficult for you to let him go free from you -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] +This means that they are not resent it when they let someone go free. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Be pleased when you let him go free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# given twice the value of a hired person -* **It must not seem difficult for you to let** - "Do not resent it when you let." AT: "Be pleased when you let" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **a hired person** - This is not a slave, but a free person who works for regular pay. +This means the owner only had to pay have the amount for this slave to work than he would for a person he hired to do a job. + +# a hired person + +This is a person who works for pay. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/19.md b/deu/15/19.md index ab51d36aa2..6141adc432 100644 --- a/deu/15/19.md +++ b/deu/15/19.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:blemish|blemish]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:household|household]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify|sanctify, sanctification]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# shear -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You must sanctify** - "You must set apart" or "You must dedicate" -* **shear** - to cut off wool or hair -* **year by year** - AT: "each year" or "every year" -* **lame** - crippled or physically disabled +to cut off wool or hair + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh" + +# year by year + +"each year" or "every year" + +# lame + +crippled or physically disabled \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/22.md b/deu/15/22.md index bc847cf134..1c84df5a5a 100644 --- a/deu/15/22.md +++ b/deu/15/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# within your gates -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] +Here "gates" represents the city or town. AT: "within your community" or "inside your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the unclean ... persons -* **within your gates - ** - ** AT: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **a gazelle or a deer** - A "deer" is the same as a "hart." See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:deu:12:15]]. -* **you must not eat its blood** - AT: "you must not eat the meat with blood in it" or "you must not consume its blood" +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the clean persons + +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a gazelle or a deer + +These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md). + +# you must not eat its blood + +"you must not consume its blood." Yahweh did not allow Israelites to consume blood because the blood represented life. (See: [Deuteronomy 12:23](../12/23.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/intro.md b/deu/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60ba6215da --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Forgiveness of Debt ##### +This chapter gives instructions about the necessity to regularly forgive debt among their fellow countryman. This prevented people from being trapped by their poverty. + +##### Justice ##### +As Yahweh's chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. This chapter gives commands that encouraged justice by protecting the poor, servants and slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/01.md b/deu/16/01.md index ffbdd05dc6..4deaa8d757 100644 --- a/deu/16/01.md +++ b/deu/16/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:passover|Passover]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# month of Aviv -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **month of Abib** - This is the name of the first month in the Jewish calendar. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **keep the Passover** - AT: "celebrate the Passover meal" or “eat the Passover meal” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **sacrifice the Passover** - AT: "offer the Passover sacrifice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# keep the Passover + +It is implied by "keep the Passover" that they would celebrate and eat the Passover meal. AT: "celebrate the Passover meal" or "eat the Passover meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You will sacrifice the Passover + +Here "Passover" represents the animal that is sacrificed for the Passover celebration. AT: For the Passover you will offer a sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/03.md b/deu/16/03.md index 4fc98cb59e..ed13eefe46 100644 --- a/deu/16/03.md +++ b/deu/16/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# with it -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread|unleavened bread]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast, leaven]] +Here "it" refers to the animal they will sacrifice and eat. -## translationNotes +# seven days -* **with it** - Here "it" refers to the animal they will sacrifice and eat. -* **the bread of affliction** - This was the name of the unleavened bread. It reminded the people about how much they suffered while in Egypt. -* **out of the land of Egypt in haste** - The people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it. AT: "out of the land of Egypt in a hurry" -* **Do this all the days of your life** - AT: "Do this as long as you live" -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **No yeast must be seen among you** - AT: "There must be no yeast among you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **within all your borders** - AT: "inside all your territory" or "in all your land" +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the bread of affliction + +This was the name of the unleavened bread. The full meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "this bread will remind you of how much you suffered while in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# out of the land of Egypt in haste + +The people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "out of the land of Egypt in such hurry you did not have time to make bread with yeast in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do this all the days of your life + +"Do this as long as you live" + +# call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# No yeast must be seen among you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not have any yeast among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# within all your borders + +"inside all your territory" or "in all your land" + +# first day + +This "first" is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/05.md b/deu/16/05.md index b0ee8c490c..05e6cca9d8 100644 --- a/deu/16/05.md +++ b/deu/16/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You may not sacrifice the Passover -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] +Here "Passover" represents the animal that will be sacrificed. AT: "For the Passover you may not sacrifice the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# within any of your city gates -* **sacrifice the Passover** - AT: “offer the Passover sacrifice” -* **within any of your city gates** - AT: "within any of your towns" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **at the going down of the sun** - AT: "at sunset" +Here "gates" represents the cities or towns. AT: "within any of your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# at the going down of the sun + +"at sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/07.md b/deu/16/07.md index 6f1060ef08..ad7c92fbaf 100644 --- a/deu/16/07.md +++ b/deu/16/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You must roast it -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread|unleavened bread]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"You must cook it" -## translationNotes +# six days -* **You must roast it** - "You must cook it" -* **solemn assembly** - AT: "special gathering" +"6 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventh day + +"seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# solemn assembly + +"special gathering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/09.md b/deu/16/09.md index ff24915807..d5e4cd0de1 100644 --- a/deu/16/09.md +++ b/deu/16/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:pentecost]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# count seven weeks -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **count seven weeks** - "count 7 weeks" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeweek]]) -* **put the sickle to the standing grain** - AT: "cut the grain at harvest time" -* **sickle** - a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines -* **with the contribution of a free will offering from your hand that you will give** - AT: "and you will give your free will offering" -* **according as Yahweh your God has blessed you** - AT: "according to the blessings which Yahweh your God has given you" +"count 7 weeks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain + +The phrase "put the sickle to the standing grain" is a way of referring to the beginning of harvest time. AT: "from the time that you begin harvesting the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sickle + +a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# with the contribution of a freewill offering from your hand that you will give + +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "and you will give your free will offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# according as Yahweh your God has blessed you + +"according to the harvest which Yahweh your God has given you" This means that the people will base how much they offer on how much they harvested that year. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/11.md b/deu/16/11.md index 1011fe3f87..9c69f5baf9 100644 --- a/deu/16/11.md +++ b/deu/16/11.md @@ -1,28 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# your son, your daughter, your male servant, your female servant, the Levite -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +These do not refer to a specific person. It means these types of people in general. AT: "your sons, your daughters, your male servants, your females servants, any Levite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# within your city gates -* **within your city gates** - AT: “within your towns” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **fatherless** - children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them -* **widows** - a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "gates" represents cities or towns. AT: "within your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow + +This refers to these types of people in general. AT: "all foreigners, orphans, and widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# fatherless + +These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. + +# widow + +This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. + +# call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/13.md b/deu/16/13.md index 1586029f3e..1ee6626385 100644 --- a/deu/16/13.md +++ b/deu/16/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Festival of Shelters -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:thresh|thresh, threshing floor]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] -* [[en:tw:winepress|winepress]] +Other names for this festival are "Feast of Tabernacles," "Festival of Booths," and "Feast of the Ingathering." During harvest time, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. -## translationNotes +# seven days -* **Festival of Shelters** - Other names for this festival are "Feast of Tabernacles," "Festival of Booths," and "Feast of Ingathering." During harvest, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. -* **within your gates** - AT: “within your towns” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# within your gates + +Here the word "gates" represents cities or towns. AT: "within your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/15.md b/deu/16/15.md index cafc83588a..933889077c 100644 --- a/deu/16/15.md +++ b/deu/16/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the festival -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"the Festival of Shelters" -## translationNotes +# all the work of your hands -* **the festival** - "the Festival of Shelters" -* **work of your hands** - AT: “every work you do” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "all the work you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/16.md b/deu/16/16.md index 3415a51548..447299ef88 100644 --- a/deu/16/16.md +++ b/deu/16/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all your males must appear before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:pentecost]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +Females were allowed, but Yahweh did not require that they come. The men could represent their whole families. -## translationNotes +# must appear before Yahweh -* **must appear before Yahweh** - AT: "must come in front of the altar of Yahweh" -* **they will not appear before Yahweh empty-handed** - handed**- AT: "they will not come to Yahweh's altar without an offering" or "every person who comes to Yahweh's altar must bring an offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"must come and stand in the presence of Yahweh" + +# No one will appear before Yahweh empty-handed + +"They will not come before Yahweh without an offering" These two negative phrases together have a positive meaning. AT: "Every person who comes before Yahweh must bring an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/18.md b/deu/16/18.md index 86f9f20f4f..6ea416f57c 100644 --- a/deu/16/18.md +++ b/deu/16/18.md @@ -1,32 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:bribe|bribe]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:partial]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You must make judges -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **within your city gates** - AT: “within your town” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they will be taken** - AT: "you will take them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **judge the people with righteous judgment** - AT: "judge the people fairly" -* **you must not force justice** - "you must not distort justice" -* **a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise** - AT: "a bribe causes a wise person to do what is wrong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and perverts the words of the righteous** - AT: "and causes a righteous person to lie" -* **follow after justice, after justice alone** - AT: "do only what is fair" +"You must appoint judges" or "You must choose judges" + +# within all your city gates + +Here "gates" represents a city or town. AT: "within all your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they will be taken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will choose them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# judge the people with righteous judgment + +"judge the people fairly" + +# You must not take justice away by force + +Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a strong person can violently pull away from a weak person. This can be stated in positive form. Your language might have one word that means "use force to take away." AT: "You must not be unfair when you judge" or "You must make just decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# You must not + +Here "You" refers to those who will be appointed as judges and officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous + +Taking a bribe is spoken of as if the bribe were corrupting the people. AT: "for even a wise man who accepts a bribe will become blind, and even a righteous man who accepts a bribe will tell lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise + +A wise person who accepts a bribe so that he does not speak against something evil is spoken of as if he becomes blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wise + +The nominal adjective "the wise" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "a wise person" or "wise people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# perverts the words of the righteous + +The nominal adjective "righteous" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "causes a righteous person to lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# follow after justice, after justice alone + +justice is spoken of as a person who is walking. A person who is doing what is fair and just is spoken of as if he was following close behindjustice. AT: "do only what is fair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# inherit the land that Yahweh your God is giving you + +Receiving the land that God is giving to the people is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/21.md b/deu/16/21.md index 6feea4ed99..cb17808b5a 100644 --- a/deu/16/21.md +++ b/deu/16/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:asherim|Asherah, Asherim]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:sacred|sacred]] +Here "You" refers to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# any sacred stone pillar, which Yahweh your God hates -* **sacred stone pillar** - This refers to sacred pillars for worshiping false gods. +The phrase "which Yahweh your God hates" is giving more information about the sacred stone pillar. AT: "any sacred stone pillar because Yahweh your God hates them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# sacred stone pillar + +This refers to pillars that are idols used to worship false gods. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/intro.md b/deu/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f1f822ea77 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Deuteronomy 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Festivals ##### + +This chapter retells the specific commands about how to celebrate the Passover. This recalled the Passover in Egypt, which was an important event in the formation of the nation of Israel. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +##### Life in Israel ##### + +As Yahweh's chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. Also, Yahweh must be the only God in Israel. He alone is to be worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/01.md b/deu/17/01.md index 494c5b6fe9..065e1366c6 100644 --- a/deu/17/01.md +++ b/deu/17/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:blemish|blemish]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# in which is any blemish -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **in which is any blemish** - The animal is to appear healthy and perfect. AT: "that has a blemish" or "that has something wrong with it" +"that has a blemish" or "that has something wrong with it." The animal is to appear healthy without any deformity. + +# that would be an abomination to Yahweh + +"that would be disgusting to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/02.md b/deu/17/02.md index e901e11f87..c491266417 100644 --- a/deu/17/02.md +++ b/deu/17/02.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# If there is found -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This may be stated in active form. AT: "If you find someone" or "If there is anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# within any of your city gates -* **If there is found among you** - AT: "If you find someone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **within any of your city gates** - AT: "living in one of your cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God** - In this phrase, the sight of Yahweh refers to the perspective of Yahweh or what Yahweh thinks about something. AT: "something that Yahweh your God thinks is evil" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **transgresses his covenant** - "disobeys his covenant" -* **anyone who has gone** - AT: "if you find anyone who has gone" -* **any of the host of heaven** - AT: "any of the stars" -* **nothing that I have commanded** - Yahweh uses a negative phrase to emphasize that he clearly told them to not worship other gods or the sun, moon, or stars. AT: "which I clearly commanded you to not worship" or "which I did not command you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **if you are told about this** - AT: "if someone tells you about this disobedient act" -* **make a careful investigation** - AT: "check carefully to find out if it is true" -* **such a detestable thing has been done in Israel** - AT: "someone has done such a horrible thing in Israel" +Here "city gates" represents cities or towns. AT: "living in one of your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "something that Yahweh your God thinks is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# transgresses his covenant + +"disobeys his covenant" + +# any of the host of heaven + +"any of the stars" + +# nothing that I have commanded + +"which I have not commanded anyone to do" + +# if you are told about this + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone tells you about this disobedient act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you must make a careful investigation + +The abstract noun "investigation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "you must carefully investigate what happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# such an abomination has been done in Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has done such a horrible thing in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/05.md b/deu/17/05.md index 09f57277de..845f38585a 100644 --- a/deu/17/05.md +++ b/deu/17/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, will he who must die be put to death -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:stone|stone, stoning]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +Here "the mouth" represents the testimony of a witness. This can be translated in active form. AT: "If two or three witnesses speak against the person, then you must execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# but at the mouth of only one witness he must not be put to death -* **At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, will he who must die be put to death** - AT: "If 2 or 3 witnesses speak against the person, then you must put him to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death and afterward the hand of all the people** - AT: "The witnesses must be the first ones to throw stones. Then all the people will throw stones and put the person to death" -* **The hand of the witnesses** - AT: "The witnesses themselves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "the mouth" represents the testimony of a witness. This can be translated in active form. AT: "but if only one person speaks against him, then you must not execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people + +Here "hand" represents the entire group of witnesses. AT: "The witnesses themselves must be the first ones to throw stones. Then all the people will execute the person by throwing stones at him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will remove the evil from among you + +The nominal adjective "the evil" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites this person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/08.md b/deu/17/08.md index fbd8a95956..53719abbed 100644 --- a/deu/17/08.md +++ b/deu/17/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# If a matter arises -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **another person's right** - A "right" is a person's legal authority to do something or to possess something. -* **within your city gates** - AT: "within your towns" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"If there is a matter" or "If there is a situation" + +# one person's right and another person's right + +A "right" is a person's legal authority to do something or to possess something. + +# within your city gates + +Here "city gates" represents cities or towns. AT: "within your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will seek their advice + +The abstract noun "advice" can be stated as a verb. AT: "you will ask them to advise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they will give you the verdict + +The abstract noun "verdict" can be stated as a verb. AT: "they will decide on the matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/10.md b/deu/17/10.md index 165fadfbf2..78e6cf9844 100644 --- a/deu/17/10.md +++ b/deu/17/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# You must follow the law given to you -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +A person obeying what the priests and judge decide is spoken of as if the person were physically following behind the law. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must obey what the judge and priests decide about the matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not turn aside from what they tell you, to the right hand or to the left -* **You must follow the law given to you** - AT: "You must obey the law that the priests and the judge give you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Do not turn aside from what they tell you, to the right hand or to the left** - AT: "Do not disobey anything they tell you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +A person not doing exactly what the judge and priests say is spoken of as if he were turning off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Do not disobey anything they tell you" or "Do everything they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/12.md b/deu/17/12.md index 2312ef78a1..342930d552 100644 --- a/deu/17/12.md +++ b/deu/17/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in not listening to the priest ... or in not listening to the judge -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] +"and does not obey the priest ... or does not obey the judge" -## translationNotes +# you will put away the evil from Israel -* **in not listening to the priest...or in not listening to the judge** - AT: "and does not obey the priest...or does not obey the judge" -* **you will put away the evil from Israel** - AT: "you will remove the evil behavior from Israel" +The nominal adjective "the evil" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# All the people must hear and fear, and act arrogantly no more + +It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed for acting arrogantly, they will be afraid and not act arrogantly themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/14.md b/deu/17/14.md index bd00436e5c..59cdeb79f9 100644 --- a/deu/17/14.md +++ b/deu/17/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# When you have come to the land -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **like all the nations that are round about me** - AT: "like all the surrounding nations" -* **one from among your brothers** - AT: "one of your fellow Israelites" +The word "come to" can be translated as "gone to" or "entered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# then you say, 'I will set a king over myself, like all the nations that are round about me,' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "then you decide that you want a king just like the peoples of the nations that surround you have kings," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I will set a king over myself ... round about me + +Moses has the people speaking as if they were one person. It may be more natural to translate this with plural pronouns. AT: "We will set over ourselves ... round about us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# set a king over myself + +Giving someone the authority to rule as king in Israel is spoken of as if the people were setting the person in a place above them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the nations that are round about me + +"all the surrounding nations" + +# all the nations + +Here "nations" represent the people who live in the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# someone from among your brothers + +"one of your fellow Israelites" + +# a foreigner, who is not your brother, over yourself + +Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They both refer to a person who is not an Israelite. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people of Israel should not let a foreigner rule over them. AT: "a foreigner over yourself" or "a non-Israelite over yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/16.md b/deu/17/16.md index f13b4d7361..6528abb7bf 100644 --- a/deu/17/16.md +++ b/deu/17/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# for Yahweh had said to you, 'You will never return that way again.' -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "for Yahweh had said that you must never return to Egypt again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# so that his heart does not turn away -* **so that his heart does not turn away from Yahweh** - Kings often married women from other nations who worshiped different gods. AT: "so that they do not cause him to start worshiping false gods" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. AT: "so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/18.md b/deu/17/18.md index be123a242d..2f73699a3e 100644 --- a/deu/17/18.md +++ b/deu/17/18.md @@ -1,28 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When he sits on the throne of his kingdom -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:scroll|scroll]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Here "throne" represents the person's power and authority as king. To sit on the throne means to become king. AT: "When he becomes king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law -* **so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them** - The words "to keep" and "to observe" mean the same thing. They emphasize that the king must obey all of God's law. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself" or 2) "he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him" + +# from the law that is before the priests, who are Levites + +"from the copy of the law that the Levitical priests keep" + +# so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the king must obey all of God's law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/20.md b/deu/17/20.md index 5e216b2dd5..c56c330fac 100644 --- a/deu/17/20.md +++ b/deu/17/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] +Here "his heart" refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. AT: "so that he does not become arrogant" or "so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# so that he does not turn away from the commandments, to the right hand or to the left -* **so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers** - AT: "so that he does not become arrogant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **so that he does not turn away from the commandments, to the right hand or to the left** - AT: "so that he does not disobey any of the commandments" or "so that he obeys all of the commandments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **prolong his days** - AT: "lengthen his time" +A king disobeying God's commands is spoken of as if a person were to turn off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "so that he does not disobey any of the commandments" or "so that he obeys all of the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# prolong his days + +Long days is a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated a similar phrase "prolong your days" in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/intro.md b/deu/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ffa9800e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Witnesses ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +##### King ##### +Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/01.md b/deu/18/01.md index 667601a458..29120df49f 100644 --- a/deu/18/01.md +++ b/deu/18/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do. -## translationNotes +# will have no portion nor inheritance with Israel -* Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do. -* **no portion - ** - **"no part" or "no share" -* **Yahweh is their inheritance** - "Yahweh is their possession" +The Levites not receiving any land from Yahweh is spoken of as if they would not receive an inheritance. AT: "will not possess any of the people's land" or "will not receive any of the land that the Israelites will possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no portion + +"no part" or "no share" + +# among their brothers + +"among the other tribes of Israel" or "among the other Israelites" + +# Yahweh is their inheritance + +Moses speaks of the great honor that Aaron and his descendants will have by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 10:9](../10/08.md). AT: "instead, they will have Yahweh" or "instead, Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/03.md b/deu/18/03.md index 53e3e76f50..cf9cb25d25 100644 --- a/deu/18/03.md +++ b/deu/18/03.md @@ -1,33 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the inner parts -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit|first fruits]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +This is the stomach and intestines. -## translationNotes +# you must give him -* **priests' due** - "priests' claim" or "priests' share" -* **you must give him** - "you must give to the priest" -* **him and his sons forever** - "the priest and his sons forever" +"you must give to the priest" + +# has chosen him + +Here "him" represents all the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to stand to serve in the name of Yahweh + +Here "the name of Yahweh" stands for Yahweh himself and his authority. AT: "to be his special servants" or "to serve as a representative of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# him and his sons forever + +Here "him" represents all the Levites. AT: "the Levites and their descendants forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/06.md b/deu/18/06.md index 6d38433090..8f50fc6a48 100644 --- a/deu/18/06.md +++ b/deu/18/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# desires with all his soul -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +This is an idiom. AT: "strongly desires" or "really wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# then he must serve in the name of Yahweh his God -* **desires with all his soul** - AT: "comes with a strong desire within him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his family's inheritance** - This is what the priest would inherit from his father. +Here "name" represents Yahweh and his authority. AT: "then he must serve Yahweh his God as a priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who stand there before Yahweh + +"who serve in the sanctuary in the presence of Yahweh" + +# his family's inheritance + +This is what the priest would inherit from his father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/09.md b/deu/18/09.md index 93fa695153..86ab957c19 100644 --- a/deu/18/09.md +++ b/deu/18/09.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# When you have come -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:divination|divination, diviner]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery|sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] +Here "come" can be translated as "gone" or "entered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## translationNotes +# you must not learn to observe the abominations of those nations -* **learn to observe the disgusting things** - The religious activities of the surrounding nations are hated by God. He sees them as awful evil activities. -* **There must not be found among you** - AT: "There must not be among you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **makes his son or his daughter to pass through the fire** - AT: "sacrifices his children by fire on an altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **augury** - the use of magic to predict the future -* ** enchanter, or any sorcerer, any charmer...** - different types or kinds of people practicing magic forbidden by God. +God hates the religious activities of the people in the surrounding nations. He considers them to be terribly evil. Here "nations" represents the people. AT: "you must not do the terrible things that the people of the other nations do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# There must not be found among you anyone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There must not be anyone among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# puts his son or his daughter into the fire + +"sacrifice his children by fire on an altar" + +# anyone who uses divination ... who talks with spirits + +These are different people who practice magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these types of people, it can be stated more generally. AT: "anyone who uses magic to try to find out what will happen in the future, to cast spells, or to talk to the spirits of dead people" + +# augury + +the use of magic to predict the future \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/12.md b/deu/18/12.md index 9877b6f64c..77b4c42008 100644 --- a/deu/18/12.md +++ b/deu/18/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# driving them out -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:blameless|blameless]] -* [[en:tw:blameless|yahweh, Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] +Here "them" refers to the people already living in Canaan. -## translationNotes +# For these nations -* **driving them out** - Here "them" refers to the people already living in Canaan. -* **dispossess** - "displace" or "drive out" +Here "nations" stands for the people groups that live in Canaan. AT: "For these people groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dispossess + +"displace" or "drive out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/15.md b/deu/18/15.md index 823be6ca6f..aad0ec72d9 100644 --- a/deu/18/15.md +++ b/deu/18/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:horeb|Horeb]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh your God will raise up for you a prophet -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **one of your brothers** - "one of your fellow Israelites" -* **this is what you asked** - Here "you" refers to the Israelites at Mount Horeb about 40 years earlier. -* **at Horeb on the day of the assembly** - AT: "on the day you gathered together at Horeb" -* **again the voice of Yahweh our God** - AT: "Yahweh our God speak again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# one of your brothers + +"one of your fellow Israelites" + +# This is what you asked + +Here "you" refers to the Israelites at Mount Horeb about 40 years earlier. + +# at Horeb on the day of the assembly + +"on the day you gathered together at Horeb" + +# on the day of the assembly, saying, 'Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see this great fire anymore, or we will die.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "on the day of the assembly when you said that you did not want to hear the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see his great fire anymore, because you were afraid that you would die." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God + +Here Yahweh is represented by his "voice" to emphasize what he says. AT: "Let us not hear Yahweh our God speak again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/17.md b/deu/18/17.md index af0291a985..652c74d0e7 100644 --- a/deu/18/17.md +++ b/deu/18/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I will raise up a prophet for them -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# from among their brothers -* **from among their brothers** - "from among their fellow Israelites" -* **put my words in his mouth** - AT: "tell him the message I want him to speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **speak to them** - "speak to the people of Israel" -* **he speaks in my name** - AT: "he speaks with my authority" -* **require it of him** - Here "him" refers to the person who does not listen to the prophet. AT: "I will hold him accountable" or "I will punish him" +"from among their fellow Israelites" + +# I will put my words in his mouth + +Yahweh telling the prophet what to say is spoken of as if Yahweh would put words in the prophet's mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# speak to them + +"speak to the people of Israel" + +# does not listen to the words of mine that he speaks in my name + +Here "my name" represents Yahweh and his authority. AT: "does not listen to him when he speaks my message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# require it of him + +"I will hold him responsible" or "I will punish him." Here "him" refers to the person who does not listen to the prophet. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/20.md b/deu/18/20.md index 6207c28c66..f6480641a3 100644 --- a/deu/18/20.md +++ b/deu/18/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# who speaks a word arrogantly -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **who speaks a word arrogantly** - AT: "who dares to speak" or "who presumes to speak" -* **in my name** - AT: "for me" or "with my authority" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **If you say in your heart** - AT: "If you ask yourself" -* **How will we recognize a message that Yahweh has not spoken?** - Here "we" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "How will we know if the message that the prophet speaks is from Yahweh?" +"who dares to speak a message" or "who is arrogant enough to speak a message" + +# in my name + +Here "my name" refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. AT: "for me" or "with my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a word that I have not commanded + +Here "word" represents a message. AT: "a message that I have not commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who speaks in the name of other gods + +Here "name" represents the gods themselves or their authority. This means the prophet claims that false gods told him to speak a certain message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This is what you must say in your heart + +Here "heart" represents the thoughts of a person. AT: "You ask yourself" or "You must say to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# How will we recognize a message that Yahweh has not spoken? + +"How will we know if the message that the prophet speaks is from Yahweh?" Here "we" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/22.md b/deu/18/22.md index 8340dbaeea..c083c33598 100644 --- a/deu/18/22.md +++ b/deu/18/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# a prophet speaks in the name of Yahweh -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **the prophet has spoken it arrogantly** - AT: "the prophet has spoken this message without my authority" +Here "name of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. AT: "a prophet claims to speak for me" or "a prophet claims to speak with my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the prophet has spoken it arrogantly + +"the prophet has spoken this message without my authority" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/intro.md b/deu/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c13d70180 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Levites ##### +As Yahweh's chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) + +##### Messiah ##### +This chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/01.md b/deu/19/01.md index 2c50c9ab2a..76e04fc7ad 100644 --- a/deu/19/01.md +++ b/deu/19/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# When Yahweh your God cuts off the nations -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you** - AT: "those nations who were living in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you" -* **come after them** - AT: "take the land from those nations" or "possess the land after those nations are gone" -* **select three cities** - "choose 3 cities" -* **You must build a road** - It is implied that the road will make it easy for people to travel to these cities. AT: "You must build a road so it will be easy for people to travel to these cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **divide the borders of your land into three parts, the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit** - It is implied that one of the cities will be in each of the 3 parts of the land. AT: "divide your land into 3 parts, the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit, and one city will be in each part" +Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the nations + +This represents the people groups that live in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you + +"those nations who were living in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you" + +# come after them + +"take the land from those nations" or "possess the land after those nations are gone" + +# select three cities + +"choose 3 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# You must build a road + +They were to build roads so that it would be easy for people to travel to these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# divide the borders of your land into three parts + +It is implied that one of the cities they choose must be in each part of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit + +Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/04.md b/deu/19/04.md index 3499aa85e6..6f2f78fa2d 100644 --- a/deu/19/04.md +++ b/deu/19/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the law -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +"These are the instructions" or "These are the directions" -## translationNotes +# for the one who kills another -* **This is the law** - AT: "These are the instructions" or "These are the directions" -* **for the one who kills another** - "for a person who kills another person" -* **and who flees there** - "and who escapes to one of these cities" or "and who runs to one of these cities" -* **to live** - It is implied that the family of the man who died will try to get revenge and kill the man who accidentally killed his neighbor. AT: "so the family of the man who died does not kill him to get revenge" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **whoever kills his neighbor unawares** - AT: "any person who kills another person by accident" or "any person who kills another person unintentionally" -* **did not previously hate him** - Implies there was no cause for him killing his neighbor intentionally. AT: "did not hate his neighbor before" -* **as when a man goes into the forest...to cut wood** - The author gives a hypothetical situation of an unintentional killing. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **the head slips from the haft** - The iron part of the ax comes off the handle. -* **strikes his neighbor so that he dies** - The head of the ax hits the neighbor, killing him. +The word "person" is understood. AT: "for a person who kills another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# who flees there + +"and who escapes to one of these cities" or "who runs to one of these cities" + +# to live + +"to save his own life." The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "so the family of the man who died does not kill him to get revenge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# anyone who kills his neighbor unintentionally + +Here "neighbor" means any person in general. AT: "any person who kills another person by accident" + +# and did not previously hate him + +"but did not hate his neighbor before he killed him." This implies there was no cause for him to kill his neighbor purposely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For example, if a man goes into the forest ... to cut wood + +The author gives a hypothetical situation where a person accidentally kills another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# the ax head slips off of the handle + +The iron part of the ax comes off the wooden handle. + +# strikes his neighbor and kills him + +This means the head of the ax hits and kills the neighbor. + +# to one of these cities and save his life + +It is implied that the family of the dead man may try to get revenge. The man who killed him can flee to one of these cities, and the people there would protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/06.md b/deu/19/06.md index f09774f658..18f809833b 100644 --- a/deu/19/06.md +++ b/deu/19/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the avenger of blood -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **since he did not hate his neighbor before this happened** - AT: "since this happened as an act of passion, and he never had desire to kill his neighbor before this happened" +Here "blood" represents the person who was killed. An "avenger of blood" is a close relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the one who took a life + +This is an idiom. AT: "the one who killed the other person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the heat of his anger + +Someone being very angry is spoken of as if anger were something that could become hot. AT: "and being very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# strike him and kill him + +"And the blood avenger strikes and kills the one who had killed the other person" + +# though that man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past + +"though that man did not deserve to die since he accidentally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/08.md b/deu/19/08.md index 290ad54996..69603ce413 100644 --- a/deu/19/08.md +++ b/deu/19/08.md @@ -1,22 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# enlarges your borders -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **enlarges your borders** - AT: "gives you more land to possess" -* **as he has sworn to your ancestors to do** - "like he promised your ancestors that he would do" -* **if you keep all these commandments to do them** - "if you keep all of these commandments by obeying them" -* **walk in his ways** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:08:04]]. -* **then you must add three more cities for yourself** - AT: "then you must choose 3 more cities for a person to escape to if he accidentally kills someone" -* **besides these three** - AT: "in addition to the 3 cities you already set up" -* **Do this so that innocent blood is not shed** - AT: "Do this so that family members do not get revenge by killing an innocent person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in the midst of the land** - "in the land" or "in the territory" -* **so that no bloodguilt may be on you** - It is implied that if a family member gets revenge by killing an innocent person, the whole nation will be guilty for letting that happen. +"gives you more land to possess" + +# as he has sworn to your ancestors to do + +"like he promised your ancestors that he would do" + +# if you keep all these commandments to do them + +"if you obey all these commandments" + +# to always walk in his ways + +How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were Yahweh's way or road. A person who obeys Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh's way or road. AT: "to always obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# then you must add three more cities for yourself + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "then you must choose three more cities for a person to escape to if he accidentally kills someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# besides these three + +"in addition to the three cities you already established" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Do this so that innocent blood is not shed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do this so that family members do not kill an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# innocent blood is not shed + +Here "blood" represents a person's life. To shed blood means to kill a person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one kills an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the midst of the land + +"in the land" or "in the territory" + +# Yahweh your God is giving you for as an inheritance + +The land that Yahweh is giving the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that no bloodguilt may be on you + +The people of Israel being guilty for a person dying because they did not build a city where he would be safe from the "blood avenger" is spoken of as if the guilt of his death is on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bloodguilt + +Here "blood" represents a life and "bloodguilt" refers to the guilt someone has for killing an innocent person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# may be on you + +This means that if a family member kills an innocent person, then all the people of Israel will be guilty for letting that happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/11.md b/deu/19/11.md index a647d8fd36..ca7097ebfa 100644 --- a/deu/19/11.md +++ b/deu/19/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# his neighbor -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +Here "neighbor" means any person in general. -## translationNotes +# lies in wait for him -* **lies in wait for him** - This implies that the man waits for his neighbor to come, so that he can kill him. AT: "hides and waits in order to kill him" or "plans to kill him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **rises up against him** - AT: "attacks him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and mortally wounds him so that he dies** - AT: "and hurts him so that he dies" or "and kills him" -* **must send and bring him back from there** - AT: "must send someone to get him and bring him back from the city that he escaped to" -* **turn him over** - AT: "give him" -* **into the hand of** - The hand represents the authority, or responsibility. AT: "to the authority of" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Your eye must not pity him** - The eye represents the person's thoughts and feelings which think about letting the man live. AT: "Do not let him live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you must eradicate the bloodguilt from Israel** - "you must remove the guilt of murder from Israel" +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "hides and waits in order to kill him" or "plans to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# rises up against him + +This is an idiom. AT: "attacks him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# mortally wounds him so that he dies + +"hurts him so that he dies" or "and kills him" + +# must send and bring him back from there + +"must send someone to get him and bring him back from the city that he escaped to" + +# turn him over + +This is an idiom. AT: "give him over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# into the hand of the responsible relative + +Here "the hand" represents the authority of someone. AT: "to the authority of the responsible relative" or "to the responsible relative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the responsible relative + +This is the relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer. + +# he may die + +"the murderer may die" or "the responsible relative may execute the murderer" + +# Your eye must not pity him + +Here "your eye" represents the whole person. AT: "Do not show him mercy" or "Do not feel sorry for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you must eradicate the bloodguilt from Israel + +Here "bloodguilt" represents the guilt for murdering an innocent person. AT: "you must execute the murderer so that the people of Israel will not be guilty for the death of an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from Israel + +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/14.md b/deu/19/14.md index 48ec910d22..6a8eedf584 100644 --- a/deu/19/14.md +++ b/deu/19/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You must not remove your neighbor's landmark -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You must not remove your neighbor’s landmark** - This implies that a person would take the markers away from the borders of his neighbor's land so he can say that he own some of that land. AT: "You must not take land away from your neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **that they set in place a long time ago, in your inheritance** - AT: "that your ancestors set up on the borders when they first got possession of the land" -* **in your inheritance** - AT: "in the inheritance of land" +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "You must not take land away from your neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they set in place + +"that your ancestors placed" + +# a long time ago + +Moses means that when the people have lived in the land for a long time, they should not move the borders that their ancestors made when they first took the land. + +# in your inheritance that you will inherit, in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you to possess + +Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were inheriting the land. AT: "in the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you to possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/15.md b/deu/19/15.md index 11d379b15a..769318895f 100644 --- a/deu/19/15.md +++ b/deu/19/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# One sole witness -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **one sole witness** - AT: "a single witness" or "only one witness" -* **must not rise up against a man** - AT: "must not speak to the judges about something bad that a man did" -* **in any matter that he sins** - AT: "anytime that a man does something bad" -* **at the mouth of two witnesses** - Here "mouth" represents what the witnesses say. AT: "at the testimony of 2 people" or "when 2 people say what happened" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **must any matter be confirmed** - It is implied that the court of law will punish the man if they find out that he really sinned. AT: "then you can punish the man because you know he really sinned" or "a report will be considered as true" ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Suppose that** - AT: "When" or "If" -* **an unrighteous witness** - AT: "a witness who intends to harm someone else" -* **rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing** - AT: "tells the judges that a man sinned in order to get the man in trouble" or "tells the judges that a man sinned, so the judges will punish him" +"A single witness" or "Only one witness" + +# must not rise up against a man + +Here "rise up" means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. AT: "must not speak to the judges about something bad that a man did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in any matter that he sins + +"anytime that a man does something bad" + +# at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses + +Here "mouth" represents what the witnesses say. It is implied that there must be at least two or three witnesses. AT: "at the testimony of at least two or three people" or "based on what at least two or three people say happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# must any matter be confirmed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will you confirm that the man is guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Suppose that + +"When" or "If" + +# an unrighteous witness + +"a witness who intends to harm someone else" + +# rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing + +Here "rise up" means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. AT: "tells the judge that a man sinned in order to get the man in trouble" or "tells the judge that a man sinned, so the judge will punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/17.md b/deu/19/17.md index b3a4c8b20f..b6c9d14339 100644 --- a/deu/19/17.md +++ b/deu/19/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:inquire]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the ones between whom the controversy exists -* Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -* **the ones between whom the controversy exists** - AT: "the man who made the accusation and the man he accused" -* **must stand before Yahweh** - To stand before Yahweh means to tell Yahweh what happened and let him decide who is right. AT: "must let Yahweh decide who is right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **before the priests and the judges** - The priests and the judges have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh. AT: "by telling the priests and the judges what happened and letting them decide" ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **who serve in those days** - AT: "the priests and the judges who are working when the witness accuses the man" -* **The judges must make diligent inquiries** - AT: "The judges must work very hard to figure out what happened" -* **then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother** - AT: "then you must give the false witness the same punishment as he wanted you to give to the other man" -* **you will remove the evil from among you** - AT: "by punishing the false witness, you will remove the evil from your nation" +"the ones who disagree with one another" + +# must stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges + +This means the two persons must go to the sanctuary where Yahweh's presence dwells. At the sanctuary are priests and judges who have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges + +The phrase "stand before" is an idiom. It means to go to someone with authority and let him make a legal decision about a matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The judges must make diligent inquiries + +"The judges must work very hard to determine what happened" + +# then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother + +"then you must punish the false witness in the same way as he wanted you to punish the other man" + +# you will remove the evil from among you + +The nominal adjective "the evil" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "you will remove the evil practice from among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/20.md b/deu/19/20.md index e8912ae4a0..62c6287117 100644 --- a/deu/19/20.md +++ b/deu/19/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then those who remain -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +"When you punish the false witness, the rest of the people" -## translationNotes +# will hear and fear -* **Then those who remain** - AT: "When you punish the false witness, the rest of the people" -* **will hear and fear** - AT: "will hear about the punishment and be afraid of getting punished" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **commit no longer any such evil** - AT: "never again do something evil like that" -* **your eyes must not pity** - The eyes represent the part of a person that feels compassion. AT: "you must not pity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **must not pity** - This implies that if you feel sorry for the guilty person, you might let him go without punishment. AT: "you should not let a guilty person go without punishment" -* **life will pay for life** - AT: "you must take the life of a person who takes a person's life" or "you must kill any person who kills somebody" -* **eye for eye** - AT: "eye will pay for eye" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "will hear about the punishment and be afraid of getting punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# commit no longer any such evil + +"never again do something evil like that" + +# Your eyes must not pity + +Here "eyes" refer to the whole person. AT: "You must not pity him" or "You must not show him mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# life will pay for life ... foot for foot + +Here the phrases are shortened because the meaning is understood. It means the people must punish a person in the same way that he harmed another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/intro.md b/deu/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5a89875204 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Deuteronomy 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice ##### +Another way justice would be maintained in Israel was by avoiding revenge killings. This chapter describes the establishment of special cities to protect those fleeing from revenge killings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +##### Witnesses ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Law of retaliation ##### +The chapter describes a famous law, often called the "law of retaliation." It is said, an "eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot." This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/01.md b/deu/20/01.md index 176c3656e5..b3e7ec3598 100644 --- a/deu/20/01.md +++ b/deu/20/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# When you march out to battle against your enemies -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **When you march out to battle against your enemies** - "When you go out to fight in a war against your enemies" -* **and see horses, chariots** - If an army has lots of horses and chariots, that shows that the army is very strong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he who brought you up out of the land of Egypt** - "Yahweh who led you out from the land of Egypt" +"When you go out to fight in a war against your enemies" + +# see horses, chariots + +People considered an army with many horses and chariots to be very strong. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he who brought you up out of the land of Egypt + +Yahweh brought the people from Egypt to Canaan. It was common to use the word "up" to refer to traveling from Egypt to Canaan. AT: "Yahweh who led you out from the land of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/02.md b/deu/20/02.md index 0f80de73b7..87bccbe29a 100644 --- a/deu/20/02.md +++ b/deu/20/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# speak to the people -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **When you draw near to the battle** - AT: "When you are going to fight a battle with an enemy" -* **speak to the people** - "speak to the soldiers of Israel" -* **let not your heart faint** - AT: "do not get scared" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **fear not, nor tremble, neither be afraid of them** - AT: "do not have fear, do not tremble, and do not be afraid of them" -* **to save you** - AT: "to give you victory" or "to make it so that you will win" +"speak to the soldiers of Israel" + +# Do not let your hearts faint. Do not fear or tremble. Do not be afraid of them + +These four expressions all mean the same thing and strongly emphasize that they are not to be afraid. If your language does not have four ways to express this concept, you may use less than four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Do not let your hearts faint + +Here "hearts" represents people's courage. For a heart to faint is an idiom that means "Do not be afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh your God is the one who is going with you to fight for you against your enemies + +Yahweh defeating the enemies of the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to save you + +"to give you victory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/05.md b/deu/20/05.md index 938a65c6bc..7c6482b6b1 100644 --- a/deu/20/05.md +++ b/deu/20/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] +Moses says what the army officers must say to the people of Israel before a battle. -## translationNotes +# The officers must speak -* Moses says what the army officers must say to the people of Israel before a battle. -* **The officers must speak** - One of the officers' jobs was to decide who could leave the army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **What man is there...Let him go and return to his house** - AT: "If any soldier here has built a new house and has not dedicated it, he should go back to his house" -* **so that he does not die in battle and another man dedicates it** - AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not dedicate his house instead of him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +One of the officers' jobs was to decide who could leave the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What man is there ... Let him go and return to his house + +"If any soldier here has built a new house and has not dedicated it, he should go back to his house" + +# so that he does not die in battle and another man dedicates it + +The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not dedicate his house instead of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/06.md b/deu/20/06.md index 1b0eedd37b..ac8bd032e3 100644 --- a/deu/20/06.md +++ b/deu/20/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military. -## translationNotes +# Is there anyone who has planted ... Let him go home -* Moses continues covering reasons for military discharge. -* **What man is there who has planted...Let him go and return to his house** - AT: "If any soldier here has a new vineyard, but has not yet harvested its grapes, he should go back to his house" -* **so that he does not die in battle and another man uses its fruit** - AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not harvest its fruit instead of him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **What man is there who is engaged to marry a woman...Let him go and return to his house** - AT: "If any soldier here has promised to marry a woman, but has not yet married her, he should go back to his house" -* **so that he does not die in battle and another man marries her** - AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man does not marry her instead of him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +"If any soldier here has a new vineyard, but has not yet harvested its grapes, he should go back to his house" + +# so he will not die in battle and another man enjoy its fruit + +The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not harvest its fruit instead of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# What man is there who is engaged to marry a woman ... Let him go home + +"If any soldier here has promised to marry a woman, but has not yet married her, he should go back to his house" + +# so that he does not die in battle and another man marries her + +The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man does not marry her instead of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/08.md b/deu/20/08.md index 14051b714a..539b8d348a 100644 --- a/deu/20/08.md +++ b/deu/20/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military. -## translationNotes +# What man is there who is fearful or fainthearted? Let him go and return to his house -* Moses continues covering reasons for military discharge. -* **What man is there who is fearful or fainthearted? Let him go** - AT: "If any soldier here is afraid and not brave, he should go back to his house" -* **his brother’s heart does not melt like his own heart** - AT: "another Israelite does not become afraid like he is afraid" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they must appoint commanders over them** - AT: "the officers must appoint people to be commanders and to lead the people of Israel" +"If any soldier here is afraid and not brave, he should go back to his house" + +# fearful or fainthearted + +Both of these words mean basically the same thing. AT: "afraid to fight in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# his brother's heart does not melt like his own heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "another Israelite does not become afraid like he is afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# brother's heart ... his own heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they must appoint commanders over them + +"the officers must appoint people to be commanders and to lead the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/10.md b/deu/20/10.md index 3760aaadc5..512311f95c 100644 --- a/deu/20/10.md +++ b/deu/20/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# When you march up to attack a city -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **When you march up to attack a city** - "When you go to attack a city" -* **make those people an offer of peace** - AT: "give the people in the city a chance to surrender" -* **open their gates to you** - AT: "let you enter their city peacefully" -* **all the people who are found in it** - AT: "all the people in the city" -* **must become forced labor for you** - "must become your slaves" +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "When you go to attack the people of a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make those people an offer of peace + +"give the people in the city a chance to surrender" + +# open their gates to you + +Here "gates" refers to the city gates. The phrase "open their gates to you" represents the people surrendering and allowing the Israelites to enter their city. AT: "let you enter their city peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the people who are found in it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the people in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must become forced labor for you + +"must become your slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/12.md b/deu/20/12.md index ef652f4607..7c7017b2fb 100644 --- a/deu/20/12.md +++ b/deu/20/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# But if it makes no offer of peace -* [[en:tw:siege]] - -## translationNotes - -* **But if it makes no offer of peace** - AT: "But if the city does not surrender" or "But if the city does not accept your offer of peace" -* **you must kill every man in the town** - "you must kill every adult male in the city" +Here "it" refers to the city which represents the people. AT: "But if the people of the city do not surrender" or "But if the people of the city do not accept your offer of peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/14.md b/deu/20/14.md index 58d1c00b7a..c3c429e90f 100644 --- a/deu/20/14.md +++ b/deu/20/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the little ones -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +"the children" -## translationNotes +# all its spoil -* **the little ones** - AT: "the children" -* **and all its spoil** - AT: "and all the valuable things" -* **booty** - valuable things which people who win a battle take from the people they attacked +"all the valuable things" + +# booty + +These are the valuable things which people who win a battle take from the people they attacked. + +# all the cities + +Here "cities" represents the people. AT: "all the people who live in cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/16.md b/deu/20/16.md index d3b545209b..b054b04a0d 100644 --- a/deu/20/16.md +++ b/deu/20/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# In the cities of these peoples that Yahweh your God is giving you as an inheritance -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **you must save alive nothing that breathes** - This negative phrase emphasizes that this is a complete destruction. AT: "you must kill every living thing" or "you must not let any living thing stay alive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **you must utterly destroy them** - "you must completely destroy these nations" -* **Do this so that they** - "Destroy these nations so that they" -* **act in any of their disgusting ways...their gods** - AT: "act in a disgusting way like the people in these nations have acted toward their gods" -* **If you do, you will sin against Yahweh our God** - AT: "If you act like these nations, you will sin against Yahweh our God" +The cities in Canaan that Yahweh is giving to the people is spoken of as if the cities were the people's inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you must save alive nothing that breathes + +"you must not let any living thing stay alive." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you must kill every living thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# you must completely destroy them + +"you must completely destroy these people groups" + +# Do this so that they + +"Destroy these nations so that they" + +# to act in any of their abominable ways ... their gods + +"to act in abominable ways like the people in these nations have done with their gods" + +# If you do, you will sin against Yahweh your God + +"If you act like these people, you will sin against Yahweh your God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/19.md b/deu/20/19.md index ea5955352c..0e494bcad9 100644 --- a/deu/20/19.md +++ b/deu/20/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# wage war -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **wage war** - AT: "fight in a war" -* **wielding an ax against them** - AT: "cutting down the trees with an ax" -* **For is the tree of the field a man whom you should besiege?** - AT: "For fruit trees are not people, so they are not your enemy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **trees for food** - AT: "trees that grow fruit to eat" -* **you will build bulwarks against the city** - AT: "you will use these trees to build walls and ramps to fight against the city" -* **until it falls** - AT: "until the city loses the war" +"fight in a war" + +# by wielding an ax against them + +"by cutting down the trees with an ax" + +# For is the tree of the field a man whom you should besiege? + +This rhetorical question is to remind the people of what they should already know. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "For fruit trees are not people, so they are not your enemy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you know are not trees for food + +"you know are not trees that grow fruit to eat" + +# siege works + +These are tools and structures, such as ladders and towers, that are needed to lay siege to a city. + +# until it falls + +This is an idiom. AT: "until the people of the city lose the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it falls + +Here "it" refers to the city which represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/intro.md b/deu/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..782c6b4ed1 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Deuteronomy 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +Israel was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +##### Holy war ##### +Israel's conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh's punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "What man is there" ##### +This phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Excused from fighting ##### +In ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/01.md b/deu/21/01.md index c9a0c9a2bd..69b074e4f8 100644 --- a/deu/21/01.md +++ b/deu/21/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# If someone is found killed -* Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -* **If someone is found killed** - AT: "If someone finds a dead person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **lying in the field** - This refers to the dead person. -* **and it is not known who has attacked him** - AT: "and nobody knows who attacked him." -* **and they must measure...has been killed** - AT: "and they must measure the distance from the dead body to the cities that are around the dead body" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If someone finds a person whom someone else has killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lying in the field + +The dead person is lying in the field. + +# it is not known who has attacked him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nobody knows who attacked him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they must measure to the cities + +"they must measure the distance to the cities" + +# him who has been killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "him whom someone has killed" or "the dead body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/03.md b/deu/21/03.md index 0bc9f2f593..e5948fece8 100644 --- a/deu/21/03.md +++ b/deu/21/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# has not borne the yoke -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:heifer]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +"has not worn a yoke" -## translationNotes +# running water -* **borne the yoke** - "worn a yoke" -* **running water** - "flowing water" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a valley that has been neither plowed nor sown** - AT: "a valley where nobody has made a garden" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **plow** - a tool that farmers use to break up the dirt in a field so they can plant seeds +This is an idiom for water that is moving. AT: "a stream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a valley that has been neither plowed nor sown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a valley where nobody has plowed the ground or planted seeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/05.md b/deu/21/05.md index 8b9221ff15..a1cbd73732 100644 --- a/deu/21/05.md +++ b/deu/21/05.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# must come near -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **must come near** - "must come to the valley" -* **for them Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him** - AT: "because Yahweh your God has chosen the priests to serve him" -* **to bless the people** - "to bless the people of Israel" -* **in the name of Yahweh** - AT: "as a representative of Yahweh" -* **listen to their advice** - "listen to what the priests say" -* **for their word will be the verdict** - AT: "because whatever the priests say, that will be the decision" -* **in every dispute and case of assault** - AT: "every time people are in the court of law because they have a disagreement or somebody hurts another person" +"must come to the valley" + +# for them Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him + +"because the priests are the ones whom Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him" + +# Yahweh your God + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so the word "your" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to bless the people + +"to bless the people of Israel" + +# in the name of Yahweh + +Here the metonym "in the name of" refers to Yahweh and his authority. AT: "as one who says and does what Yahweh himself would say and do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# listen to their advice + +"listen to what the priests say" + +# for their word will be the verdict + +"because whatever the priests say, that will be the decision" + +# in every dispute and case of assault + +"every time people are in the court of law because they disagree with one another or somebody hurts another person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/06.md b/deu/21/06.md index 1acf54976b..d72fcba0f7 100644 --- a/deu/21/06.md +++ b/deu/21/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:heifer]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the heifer whose neck was broken -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley** - AT: "the heifer with the broken neck" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and they must answer to the case** - AT: "and they must testify about this case" -* **Our hands have not shed this blood** - The priests refer to their hands because the hands are the part of a person that is often used to kill. AT: "We did not kill this person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **neither have our eyes seen it** - The priests refer to their eyes because the eyes are the part of a person that sees. AT: "and we did not see the murder happen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the heifer whose neck the priests broke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they must answer to the case + +"they must testify to Yahweh about this case" + +# Our hands have not shed this blood + +Here "hands" are a synecdoche for the whole person and "shed this blood" is a metonym for killing an innocent person. AT: "We did not kill this innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# neither have our eyes seen it + +Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "and we did not see anyone kill this person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/08.md b/deu/21/08.md index a4a16b31a7..293b8b0e97 100644 --- a/deu/21/08.md +++ b/deu/21/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +Moses continues to tell the elders what they should say when they wash their hands over the heifer. He speaks to them as if he were speaking to one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# whom you have redeemed -* Moses continues to tell the elders what they should say when they wash their hands over the heifer. -* **and do not put guilt for innocent bloodshed in the midst of your people Israel** - AT: "and do not treat your people Israel like they are guilty for killing an innocent person" -* **Then the bloodshed will be forgiven them** - AT: "Then Yahweh will forgive his people Israel for the killing of an innocent person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you will put away the innocent blood from your midst** - AT: "you will not be guilty any more of killing an innocent person" -* **what is right in the eyes of Yahweh** - The eyes of Yahweh represent his thoughts. AT: "what Yahweh thinks is right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not put guilt for innocent bloodshed in the midst of your people Israel + +This is an idiom. AT: "do not treat your people Israel as if they are guilty of killing an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Then the bloodshed will be forgiven them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then Yahweh will forgive his people Israel for the death of an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will put away the innocent blood from your midst + +"you will not be guilty any more of killing an innocent person" + +# what is right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what is right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/10.md b/deu/21/10.md index 49bd6ceb35..14e26d6875 100644 --- a/deu/21/10.md +++ b/deu/21/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# you go out -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **you have a desire to her** - AT: "you love her" -* **wish to take her for yourself as a wife** - AT: "want to take her to be your wife" -* **she will shave her head** - "she will shave the hair off of her head" -* **cut her nails** - "cut her fingernails" +"you who are soldiers go out" + +# you have a desire for her + +Use a polite phrase for "you want to sleep with her." + +# wish to take her for yourself as a wife + +"want to marry her" + +# she will shave her head + +"she will shave the hair off of her head" + +# cut her nails + +"cut her fingernails" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/13.md b/deu/21/13.md index 69ae8e4ae7..42c0801d89 100644 --- a/deu/21/13.md +++ b/deu/21/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] -* [[en:tw:humiliate]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# she will take off the clothes she was wearing -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **She will take off the clothes she was wearing** - AT: "She will take off the clothes of her people and put on Israelite clothes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **when she was taken captive** - AT: "when you took her captive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a full month** - "an entire month" or "a whole month" -* **But if you take no delight in her** - AT: "But if you are not happy with her" -* **let her go where she wishes** - "let her go wherever she wants to go" -* **because you have humiliated her** - AT: "because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away" +She will do this after the man brings her to his house and when she shaves her head and cuts her fingernails and toenails as mentioned in [Deuteronomy 21:12](./10.md). The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "she will take off the clothes of her people and put on Israelite clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when she was taken captive + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when you took her captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a full month + +"an entire month" or "a whole month" + +# But if you take no delight in her + +You may need to make explicit that the man sleeps with the woman. AT: "But if you sleep with her and then decide that you do not want her as your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let her go where she wishes + +"let her go wherever she wants to go" + +# because you have humiliated her + +"because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/15.md b/deu/21/15.md index e0b2a02798..a85bc67cba 100644 --- a/deu/21/15.md +++ b/deu/21/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:birthright]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# one is loved and the other is hated -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **and one is loved and the other is hated** - AT: "and the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and they have both borne him children** - AT: "and both wives have had children with him" -* **if the firstborn son is of her that is hated** - AT: "if the firstborn son belongs to the hated wife" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses** - AT: "the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance" -* **he may not make the son...the hated wife** - AT: "he may not treat the son of the beloved wife like he is the firstborn instead of the son of the hated wife" -* **a double portion** - AT: "twice as much" -* **for that son is the beginning of his strength** - AT: "for that son is the first of his power to have children" +This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife" or 2) "the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they have both borne him children + +"both wives have had children with him" + +# if the firstborn son is of her that is hated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if the firstborn son belongs to the wife whom the man hates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# then on the day that the man + +"when the man" + +# the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses + +"the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance" + +# he may not make the son of the beloved wife the firstborn before the son of the hated wife + +"he may not treat the son of the beloved wife as if he were the firstborn instead of the son of the hated wife" + +# a double portion + +"twice as much" + +# that son is the beginning of his strength + +This is an idiom. AT: "that son is the one who shows that the man can become the father of sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/18.md b/deu/21/18.md index 2b1f0fe0ec..a811fe5e7f 100644 --- a/deu/21/18.md +++ b/deu/21/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **who will not obey the voice of his father** - AT: "who will not obey his father" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **even though they correct him** - AT: "even though his father and his mother discipline him" -* **must lay hold on him** - "must take hold of him" or "must grab him" +Here "voice" is a metonym for what a person says. AT: "who will not obey what his father or mother say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they correct him + +"they punish him for his wrongdoing" or "they train and instruct him" + +# must lay hold on him and bring him out + +"must force him to come out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/20.md b/deu/21/20.md index c27445c71c..2490948719 100644 --- a/deu/21/20.md +++ b/deu/21/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# This son of ours -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **This son of ours** - AT: "Our son" -* **he will not obey our voice** - AT: "he will not obey us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **a glutton** - a person who eats and drinks too much -* **a drunkard** - a person who drinks too much alcohol and gets drunk often -* **In this manner** - "In this way" -* **you will remove the evil** - "you will get rid of the evil" or "you will destroy the evil" -* **All Israel** - "All the people of Israel" -* **will hear of it and fear** - AT: "will hear about what happened to the son and be afraid of getting the same punishment" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Our son" + +# he will not obey our voice + +Here "voice" is a metonym for what a person says or a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "he will not do what we tell him to do" or "he will not obey us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a glutton + +a person who eats and drinks too much + +# a drunkard + +a person who drinks too much alcohol and gets drunk often + +# stone him to death with stones + +"throw stones at him until he dies" + +# you will remove the evil from among you + +The adjective "evil" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# All Israel + +The word "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. AT: "All the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will hear of it and fear + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "will hear about what happened to the son and be afraid that the people will punish them also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/22.md b/deu/21/22.md index c8454df085..e82f969acf 100644 --- a/deu/21/22.md +++ b/deu/21/22.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:hang]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# If a man has committed a sin worthy of death -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **If a man has committed a sin worthy of death** - AT: "If a man has done something so bad that his punishment is to die" -* **and if he is put to death** - AT: "and if you execute him" or "and if you kill him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and you hang him on a tree** - AT: "and you put him to death by hanging him on a wooden post" -* **bury him the same day** - "bury him on the same day as when you put him to death" -* **for whoever is hanged is cursed by God** - AT: "because when a person dies from hanging, he has a curse from God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"If a man has done something so bad that you need to punish him by killing him" + +# he is put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you execute him" or "you kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you hang him on a tree + +Possible meanings are 1) "after he has died you hang him on a tree" or 2) "you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post" + +# bury him the same day + +"bury him on the same day as when you execute him" + +# for whoever is hanged is cursed by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees" and 2) "people hang on trees those whom God has cursed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# do not defile the land + +by leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/intro.md b/deu/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..34817d1ffb --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Elders ##### +Older men were required to lead the people of Israel and help to administer justice. These men would function as judges, which would later become a more official position. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +##### Peace in Israel ##### +The rules and instructions in this chapter help to ensure peace in Israel. This is not a military peace. Instead, it is about establishing peace within Israel and among the people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/01.md b/deu/22/01.md index ba1145157a..ef8dd622bf 100644 --- a/deu/22/01.md +++ b/deu/22/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# go astray -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **go astray** - AT: "walk away from its owner" -* **and hide yourself from them** - AT: "and go away without doing anything" -* **If your fellow Israelite is not near to you** - "If your fellow Israelite lives far away from you" -* **or if you do not know him** - "or if you do not know who the owner of the animal is" -* **and it must be with you until he looks for it** - AT: "and you must keep the animal with you until its owner comes looking for it" +"walk away from its owner" + +# hide yourself from them + +This is an idiom. AT: "act as if you do not see them" or "go away without doing anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# If your fellow Israelite is not near to you + +"If your fellow Israelite lives far away from you" + +# or if you do not know him + +"or if you do not know who the owner of the animal is" + +# it must be with you until he looks for it + +"you must keep the animal with you until its owner comes looking for it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/03.md b/deu/22/03.md index 2de8d6d5dc..c7823f24a4 100644 --- a/deu/22/03.md +++ b/deu/22/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You must do the same with his donkey -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You must do the same with his donkey** - AT: "You must return his donkey in the same way" -* **you must do the same with his garment** - AT: "you must return his clothing in the same way" -* **you may not hide yourself** - AT: "you may not go away without doing anything" -* **you must surely help him to lift it up again** - AT: "you must help your fellow Israelite lift the animal back up onto its feet" +"You must return his donkey in the same way" + +# you must do the same with his garment + +"you must return his clothing in the same way" + +# you must not hide yourself + +This is an idiom. AT: "you must not act as if you do not see that he has lost something" or "you must not go away without doing anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you must surely help him to lift it up again + +"you must help your fellow Israelite lift the animal back up onto its feet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/05.md b/deu/22/05.md index ec1e8ef0ad..452aa5108b 100644 --- a/deu/22/05.md +++ b/deu/22/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# what pertains to a man -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **what pertains to a man** - AT: "men's clothing" +"men's clothing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/06.md b/deu/22/06.md index ca90a60aba..eac58d9e6c 100644 --- a/deu/22/06.md +++ b/deu/22/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# bird's nest -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **bird’s nest** - a home that birds make for themselves out of sticks, grass, plants, and mud -* **with young ones or eggs in it** - "with baby birds or eggs in the nest" -* **and the mother sitting on the young** - "and the mother bird is sitting on the baby birds" -* **and that you may prolong your days** - AT: "and that you will continue to live for a long time" or "and that you will continue to live in the Promised Land for a long time" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +a home that birds make for themselves out of sticks, grass, plants, and mud + +# with young ones or eggs in it + +"with baby birds or eggs in the nest" + +# the mother sitting on the young + +"the mother bird is sitting on the baby birds" + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/08.md b/deu/22/08.md index 72e6df2271..257f6c6f56 100644 --- a/deu/22/08.md +++ b/deu/22/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# a railing for your roof -* **then you must make a railing for your roof** - "then you must make a low fence around the edge of your roof" -* **so that you do not bring blood on your house** - Blood is a symbol for death. AT: "so that it will not be the fault of your household if someone dies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **if anyone falls from there** - "if anyone falls from the roof because you did not make a railing" +a low fence around the edge of the roof so people will not fall off the roof + +# so that you do not bring blood on your house + +Blood is a symbol for death. AT: "so that it will not be the fault of your household if someone dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if anyone falls from there + +"if anyone falls from the roof because you did not make a railing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/09.md b/deu/22/09.md index 9d0fa938f6..d7c1952c8c 100644 --- a/deu/22/09.md +++ b/deu/22/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:plow]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# so that the whole harvest is not confiscated by the holy place -* **so that the whole harvest is not confiscated by the sanctuary** - AT: "so that the priests in Yahweh's sanctuary do not take away the whole harvest" or "so that the whole harvest is not defiled so that you are not allowed to use it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and the yield of the vineyard** - AT: "and the fruit that grows in the vineyard" -* **wool** - soft, curly hair that grows on a sheep -* **linen** - thread made from a flax plant +The words "holy place" is a metonym for the priests who work in the holy place. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the priests in Yahweh's holy place do not take away the whole harvest" or "so that you do not defile the whole harvest and the priests do not allow you to use it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the yield of the vineyard + +"the fruit that grows in the vineyard" + +# wool + +soft, curly hair that grows on a sheep + +# linen + +thread made from the flax plant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/12.md b/deu/22/12.md index a9dcfd7bd1..f860241d8f 100644 --- a/deu/22/12.md +++ b/deu/22/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# fringes -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **fringes** - See how you translated "tassels" in [[en:bible:notes:num:15:37]]. -* **of the cloak with which you clothe yourself** - AT: "of the outer-cloth which you wear" +"tassels." These are threads that are bound together and hang from the end of each corner of the cloak. + +# the cloak + +a long garment that a person wears over his other clothes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/13.md b/deu/22/13.md index 0665a4de78..e53c1cf015 100644 --- a/deu/22/13.md +++ b/deu/22/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# then accuses her of shameful things -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **and then accuses her of shameful things** - AT: "and then accuses her of having slept with someone before she was married" -* **and puts a bad reputation on her** - AT: "and gives her a bad reputation" -* **but when I came near to her** - AT: "but when I slept with her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **I found no proof of virginity in her** - AT: "I did not find proof that she was a virgin" +"then accuses her of having slept with someone before she was married" + +# puts a bad reputation on her + +The abstract noun "reputation" can be translated as a verb phrase. AT: "makes other people think she is a bad person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but when I came near to her + +This is a polite way of saying "to have sexual relations with someone." AT: "but when I slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I found no proof of virginity in her + +The abstract noun "proof" can be translated as a verb phrase. AT: "she could not prove to me that she was a virgin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/15.md b/deu/22/15.md index 29f1509118..92f8e3f580 100644 --- a/deu/22/15.md +++ b/deu/22/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# must take proof of her virginity -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **must take proof of her virginity** - "must take proof that she was a virgin" +The abstract nouns "proof" and "virginity" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "must take something that proves that she has never had sexual relations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/16.md b/deu/22/16.md index 032f2375e8..8ede56ab44 100644 --- a/deu/22/16.md +++ b/deu/22/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# he has accused her of shameful things -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **he has accused her of shameful things** - AT: "he has accused her of having slept with someone before their marriage" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **I did not find in your daughter the proof of virginity** - AT: "I did not find proof that your daughter was a virgin" -* **yet this is the proof of my daughter’s virginity** - AT: "but here is the proof that my daughter was a virgin" -* **And then they will spread the garment out before the elders of the city** - The clothing had a bloodstain from the daughter's wedding night, which showed that her wedding night was the first time she had slept with anyone. AT: "And then the mother and father will show the clothing with the bloodstain to the elders as proof of her virginity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "he has accused her of having slept with someone before he married her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I did not find in your daughter the proof of virginity + +The abstract nouns "proof" and "virginity" can be translated as verb phrases. AT: "Your daughter could not prove that she has never had sexual relations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# But here is the proof of my daughter's virginity + +The abstract nouns "proof" and "virginity" can be translated as verb phrases. AT: "But this proves that my daughter has never had sexual relations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then they will spread the garment out before the elders of the city + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "And then the mother and father will show the clothing with the bloodstain to the elders as proof that she was a virgin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/18.md b/deu/22/18.md index d697a0473d..4f27c8cbc0 100644 --- a/deu/22/18.md +++ b/deu/22/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# they must fine him -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **and they must fine him** - "and they must make him pay as a punishment" -* **one hundred shekels** - "100 shekels" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **and give them to the father of the girl** - "and give the money to the father of the girl" -* **he may not send her away** - AT: "he is not allowed to divorce her" -* **during all his days** - AT: "for his entire life" +"they must make him pay as a punishment" + +# one hundred shekels + +"100 shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# give them to the father of the girl + +"give the money to the father of the girl" + +# has caused a bad reputation for a virgin of Israel + +The abstract noun "reputation" can be translated as a verb phrase. AT: "has caused people to think that a virgin of Israel is a bad person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he may not send her away + +"never allow him to divorce her" + +# during all his days + +This is an idiom. AT: "for his entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/20.md b/deu/22/20.md index 0c43a2d39c..0ed9d2486a 100644 --- a/deu/22/20.md +++ b/deu/22/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:commit]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# But if this thing is true -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **But if this thing is true ** - "But if the accusation is true" -* **that the proof of virginity was not found in the girl** - AT: "that the man did not find proof that the girl was a virgin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **then they must bring out the girl** - "then the elders must bring out the girl" -* **because she has committed a disgraceful action in Israel** - "because she has done a disgraceful thing in Israel" -* **to act as a harlot in her father’s house** - AT: "acting like a harlot while living in her father's house" -* **In this manner** - "In this way" -* **you will remove the evil** - "you will get rid of the evil" or "you will destroy the evil" +"But if it is true" or "But if what the man said is true" + +# that the proof of virginity was not found in the girl + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the man did not find proof that the girl was a virgin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the proof of virginity + +The abstract nouns "proof" and "virginity" can be translated as verb phrases. AT: "something that proves that the girl has never had sexual relations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# then they must bring out the girl + +"then the elders must bring out the girl" + +# stone her to death with stones + +"throw stones at her until she dies" + +# because she has committed a disgraceful action in Israel + +"because she has done a disgraceful thing in Israel" + +# to act as a harlot in her father's house + +"acting like a harlot while living in her father's house" + +# you will remove the evil + +The adjective "evil" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/22.md b/deu/22/22.md index 7b0623a817..34a1e550a3 100644 --- a/deu/22/22.md +++ b/deu/22/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# If a man is found -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **If a man is found** - AT: "If someone finds a man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **In this manner** - "In this way" -* **you will remove the evil** - "you will get rid of the evil" or "you will destroy the evil" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If someone finds a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# and you will remove + +"in this way you will remove" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/23.md b/deu/22/23.md index 2b529d9246..b935962492 100644 --- a/deu/22/23.md +++ b/deu/22/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:humiliate]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# engaged to a man -* **engaged to a man** - AT: "who is promised to marry a man" -* **take them both** - AT: "then you must bring both the girl and the man who slept with her" -* **because she did not cry out** - "because she did not call for help" -* **because he has violated his neighbor's wife** - A girl who was engaged to a man belonged to that man like a wife. AT: "because he has slept with a girl who belongs to a fellow Israelite" -* **you will remove the evil from among you** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:22:22]]. +"who is promised to marry a man" + +# take ... and stone + +These commands are addressed to Israel as a group and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# take both of them + +"then you must bring both the girl and the man who slept with her" + +# because she did not cry out + +"because she did not call for help" + +# because he violated his neighbor's wife + +The Israelites at that time thought of a man and woman who had engaged each other for marriage as husband and wife. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "because he slept with a girl who belongs to a fellow Israelite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you will remove the evil from among you + +The adjective "evil" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/25.md b/deu/22/25.md index ac49b405cc..2210abd23b 100644 --- a/deu/22/25.md +++ b/deu/22/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the engaged girl -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This means a girl whose parents have agreed to let her marry a certain man, but the girl has not married him yet. -## translationNotes +# then only the man who sleeps with her must die -* **the engaged girl** - AT: "the girl who is promised to be married" -* **then only the man who lay with her must die** - AT: "then you must only kill the man who slept with her" -* **there is no sin worthy of death in the girl** - AT: "she has not done anything wrong that deserves death" -* **For this case is like when a man attacks his neighbor and kills him** - AT: "Because this situation is like the situation when somebody attacks another person and kills him" -* **For he meets a girl in the field** - AT: "Because the man found the girl working in the field" -* **the engaged girl cried out** - AT: "the girl who was promised to be married called for help" +"then you must only kill the man who slept with her" + +# there is no sin worthy of death in the girl + +"you are not to punish her by killing her for what she did" + +# For this case is like when a man attacks his neighbor and kills him + +"Because this situation is like the situation when somebody attacks another person and kills him" + +# For he found her in the field + +"Because the man found the girl working in the field" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/28.md b/deu/22/28.md index af19c06070..4d489ab4fe 100644 --- a/deu/22/28.md +++ b/deu/22/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# but who is not engaged -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:humiliate]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +"but whose parents have not promised another man that she will marry him" -## translationNotes +# if they are discovered -* **but who is not engaged** - "but who is not promised to be married" -* **and if they are discovered ** - AT: "and if somebody finds out what happened" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He may not send her away during all his days** - AT: "He may never divorce her during his entire life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if somebody finds out what happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fifty shekels of silver + +A shekel weighs eleven grams. AT: "fifty pieces of silver" or "550 grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He may not send her away during all his days + +This is an idiom. AT: "He must never divorce her during his entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/30.md b/deu/22/30.md index 53adea31ac..7279655020 100644 --- a/deu/22/30.md +++ b/deu/22/30.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# must not take his father's wife as his own - -## translationNotes - -* **must not take his father’s wife as his own** - AT: "must not marry his father's former wife, even if she is not his mother" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "must not marry his father's former wife, even if she is not his mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/intro.md b/deu/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..efc10ad5cc --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 22 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Order in Israel ##### +The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people's sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Virgin woman ##### +If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/01.md b/deu/23/01.md index 6609cae333..c2a5af4ace 100644 --- a/deu/23/01.md +++ b/deu/23/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# man injured by crushing or cutting off -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off" -## translationNotes +# may enter the assembly of Yahweh -* **may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh** - AT: "may not be a full member of the Israelite community" -* **illegitimate child** - Possible meanings are 1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery, 2) a child born to a prostitute, or 3) a child born to a prostitute serving a false god -* **as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants** - AT: "even after 10 generations of the illegitimate child's descendants" -* **none of them** - "none of these descendants" +This is an idiom. AT: "may be a full member of the Israelite community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# illegitimate child + +Possible meanings are 1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or 2) a child born to a prostitute. + +# as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants + +This "tenth" is the ordinal number for ten. AT: "even after ten generations of the illegitimate child's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# none of them + +"none of these descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/03.md b/deu/23/03.md index 67f6c8ba0f..54e630e0b7 100644 --- a/deu/23/03.md +++ b/deu/23/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:mesopotamia]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom. AT: "may not be a full member of the Israelite community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants -* **may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh** - AT: "may not be a full member of the Israelite community" -* **as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants** - AT: "even after 10 generations of his descendants" -* **they did not meet you with bread and with water** - This was a way to welcome strangers and travelers. AT: "they did not welcome you by bringing you food and drink" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Balaam, the son of Beor from Pethor** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:22:05]]. +This "tenth"is the ordinal number for ten. AT: "even after ten generations of his descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# they did not meet you with bread and with water + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "they did not welcome you by bringing you food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# against you ... curse you + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/05.md b/deu/23/05.md index 1dacbf8d30..7fce062497 100644 --- a/deu/23/05.md +++ b/deu/23/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# would not listen -* **would not listen** - AT: "did not pay attention" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **turned the curse into a blessing for you** - AT: "changed the curse so that it was a blessing for you" -* **You must never seek their peace or prosperity** - Possible meanings are 1) "You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites" or 2) "You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper" -* **during all your days** - AT: "as long as you are a nation" +This is an idiom. AT: "did not pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# turned the curse into a blessing for you + +"had him bless you and not curse you" + +# You must never seek their peace or prosperity + +Possible meanings are 1) "You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites" or 2) "You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper" . + +# during all your days + +This is an idiom. AT: "as long as you are a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/07.md b/deu/23/07.md index b8cc7a0826..e3b8635f0a 100644 --- a/deu/23/07.md +++ b/deu/23/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You must not detest an Edomite -* **You must not detest an Edomite** - AT: "Do not hate an Edomite" -* **for he is your fellow Israelite** - AT: "because he is your relative" -* **you must not abhor an Egyptian** - AT: "do not hate an Egyptian" -* **The descendants of the third generation that are born to them may belong to the assembly of Yahweh** - AT: "If an Edomite or an Egyptian comes to live in the Israelite community, his grandchildren may become full members of that community" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Do not hate an Edomite" + +# for he is your brother + +"because he is your relative" + +# you must not abhor an Egyptian + +"do not hate an Egyptian" + +# The descendants of the third generation that are born to them may belong to the assembly of Yahweh + +This "third" is the ordinal number for three. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "If an Edomite or an Egyptian comes to live in the Israelite community, his grandchildren may become full members of that community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/09.md b/deu/23/09.md index 2123fc21cb..68043b61f9 100644 --- a/deu/23/09.md +++ b/deu/23/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When you march out as an army against your enemies, then you must keep yourselves -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Moses speaks here to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# against your enemies -* **against your enemies** - "to fight against your enemies" -* **keep yourselves from every evil thing** - "keep yourselves away from all bad things" -* **any man who is unclean because of what happened to him at night ** - AT: "any man who is unclean because he had an emission of semen while he was asleep" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"to fight against your enemies" + +# keep yourselves from every evil thing + +"keep yourselves away from all bad things" + +# any man who is unclean because of what happened to him at night + +This is a polite way of saying that he had an emission of semen. AT: "any man who is unclean because he had an emission of semen while he was asleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/12.md b/deu/23/12.md index 68acf16a03..f9c2b42806 100644 --- a/deu/23/12.md +++ b/deu/23/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# you will have something among your tools to dig with -* **and you will have something among your tools to dig with** - AT: "and you should have a tool that you can use to dig with" -* **when you squat down to relieve yourself** - AT: "when you squat down to poop" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **you must dig with it** - "you must dig a hole with the tool" -* **cover up what has come out from you** - "cover up your poop" -* **so that he may not see any unclean thing among you** - "so that Yahweh may not see any unclean thing among you" +"you should have a tool that you can use to dig with" + +# when you squat down to relieve yourself + +This is a polite way of saying to defecate. AT: "when you squat down to defecate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# you must dig with it + +"you must dig a hole with the tool" + +# cover up what has come out from you + +"cover up your excrement" + +# so that he may not see any unclean thing among you + +"so that Yahweh may not see any unclean thing among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/15.md b/deu/23/15.md index e6a99a18f7..cdc7ffab6e 100644 --- a/deu/23/15.md +++ b/deu/23/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# a slave who has escaped from his master -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **a slave who has escaped from his master** - AT: "a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] ) -* **Let him live with you** - "Let the slave live among your people" +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let him live with you + +"Let the slave live among your people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/17.md b/deu/23/17.md index 9c060db0c8..1b87361eb6 100644 --- a/deu/23/17.md +++ b/deu/23/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# cultic prostitute ... cultic prostitute ... prostitute ... dog -* **There must be no prostitute among any of the daughters of Israel** - Possible meanings are 1) "None of the Israelite women should be prostitutes for a temple" or 2) "None of the Israelite women should be prostitutes" -* **neither must there be a sodomite among the sons of Israel** - Possible meanings are 1) "and none of the Israelite men should be prostitutes for a temple either" or 2) "and none of the Israelite men should be prostitutes either" -* **You must not bring the wages of a sacred female prostitute** - AT: "If a woman earns money from prostitution, you must not bring that money" -* **or the wages of a sacred male prostitute** - AT: "or the money a man earns from prostitution" -* **into the house of Yahweh your God** - "into the temple" -* **for any vow** - AT: "to fulfill a vow" -* **both these** - The phrase "both these" refers to the wages of a sacred female prostitute and the wages of a sacred male prostitute. +Yahweh gives a complete list of both forms of prostitution by both men and women to forbid prostitution by anyone for any reason. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# cultic prostitute ... among any of the daughters ... among the sons + +Possible meanings are that Moses 1) openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or 2) uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# You must not bring the wages of a prostitute ... into the house + +"A woman who earns money as a prostitute must not bring that money ... into the house" + +# a dog + +a man who allows men to have sex with him for money + +# into the house of Yahweh your God + +"into the temple" + +# for any vow + +"to fulfill a vow" + +# both these + +the wages of a female prostitute and of a male prostitute. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/19.md b/deu/23/19.md index 846486078e..2c27875dc2 100644 --- a/deu/23/19.md +++ b/deu/23/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You must not lend on interest to your fellow Israelite -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You must not lend on interest to your fellow Israelite** - AT: "If you lend something to your fellow Israelite, you must not make him pay you back more than he borrowed" -* **lend on interest** - to charge an extra amount, when you lend to somebody, which is more than the amount that the person borrowed -* **interest of money...anything that is lent on interest** - AT: "you must not charge interest when you lend somebody money, food, or anything else" -* **in all that you put your hand to** - AT: "in all that you do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"If you lend something to your fellow Israelite, you must not make him pay you back more than he borrowed" + +# lend on interest + +to lend to somebody and force that person to pay back more than was lent + +# interest of money ... anything that is lent on interest + +"you must not charge interest when you lend somebody money, food, or anything else" + +# all that you put your hand to + +This is an idiom. AT: "all that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/21.md b/deu/23/21.md index 438560eaf0..defe9de377 100644 --- a/deu/23/21.md +++ b/deu/23/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# you must not be slow in fulfilling it -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **you must not be slow in fulfilling it** - AT: "you must not take a long time to fulfill the vow" -* **for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you** - AT: "because Yahweh your God will blame you and punish you if you do not fulfill your vow" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin in you** - AT: "But, if you do not make a vow, you will not sin because you will not have a vow to fulfill" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **That which has gone out from your lips** - AT: "Anything that you solemnly promise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **according as you have vowed to Yahweh your God** - AT: "whatever you have vowed to Yahweh your God that you will do" -* **anything that you have freely promised with your mouth** - AT: "anything that you have voluntarily promised with your words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"you must not take a long time to fulfill the vow" + +# for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you + +"because Yahweh your God will blame you and punish you if you do not fulfill your vow" + +# But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin for you + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "But, if you do not make a vow, you will not sin because you will not have a vow to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# That which has gone out from your lips + +This is an idiom. AT: "The words you have spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# according as you have vowed to Yahweh your God + +"whatever you have vowed to Yahweh your God that you will do" + +# anything that you have freely promised with your mouth + +"anything that people have heard you promise to do because you wanted to do it" + +# with your mouth + +"so that people heard you say it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/24.md b/deu/23/24.md index 583b9660f1..dd5d1845e3 100644 --- a/deu/23/24.md +++ b/deu/23/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# you may eat as many grapes as you desire -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **you may eat as many grapes as you desire** - AT: "then you may enjoy eating grapes until you are full" -* **but do not put any in your basket** - AT: "but you may not put any grapes in your bag to take them away with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **When you go into your neighbor’s ripe grain** - AT: "When you walk through your neighbor's field where there is grain growing" -* **then you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand ** - AT: "then you may eat as many kernels of grain as you can take with your hand" -* **but you must not put a sickle to your neighbor’s standing grain** - AT: "but do not put a sickle to your neighbor’s ripe grain" -* **sickle** - a sharp tool that farmers use to harvest wheat +"then you may enjoy eating grapes until you are full" + +# but do not put any in your basket + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "but you may not put any grapes in your bag to take them away with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When you go into your neighbor's ripe grain + +"When you walk through your neighbor's field where there is grain growing" + +# you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand + +"then you may eat the kernels of grain with your hand" + +# but do not put a sickle to your neighbor's ripe grain + +"but do not cut down your neighbor's ripe grain and take it with you" + +# sickle + +a sharp tool that farmers use to harvest wheat \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/intro.md b/deu/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7373e0347d --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The assembly of Yahweh ##### +This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him. + +##### Racial superiority ##### +Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/01.md b/deu/24/01.md index 871f1a0add..d7db07ac1f 100644 --- a/deu/24/01.md +++ b/deu/24/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# When a man takes a wife and marries her -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **When a man takes a wife and marries her** - The phrases "takes a wife" and "marries her" mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: "When a man marries a wife" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **if she finds no favor in his eyes** - AT: "if he decides that he does not like her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **because he has found some unsuitable thing in her** - AT: "because he has decided that she is an unacceptable wife for some reason" -* **he must write her a bill of divorcement** - AT: "he must give his wife an official paper saying that they are not married any more" -* **she may go and be another man's wife** - AT: "she may go and marry another man" +The phrases "takes a wife" and "marries her" mean the same thing. AT: "When a man marries a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# if she finds no favor in his eyes + +Here the "eyes" represent the whole person. AT: "if he decides that he does not like her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# because he has found some unsuitable thing in her + +"because for some reason he has decided that he does not want to keep her" + +# he must write her a certificate of divorce + +"he must give his wife an official paper saying that they are not married anymore" + +# she may go and be another man's wife + +"she may go and marry another man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/03.md b/deu/24/03.md index 4e3a1154fd..ee1159e224 100644 --- a/deu/24/03.md +++ b/deu/24/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about a woman who gets a divorce and marries another man. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about a woman who gets divorced and marries another man. -* **If the second husband hates her** - "If the second husband decides that he hates the woman" -* **certificate of divorce** - an official paper saying that the man and woman are not married any more -* **puts it into her hand** - AT: "gives it to the woman" -* **the man who took her to be his wife** - AT: "the second man who married the woman" -* **after she has become impure** - AT: "after she has become unclean by the divorce and remarriage of another man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **You must not cause the land to become guilty** - The land is spoken of as if it could sin. AT: "You must not spread guilt around in the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# If the second husband hates her + +"If the second husband decides that he hates the woman" + +# certificate of divorce + +This is an official paper saying that the man and woman are not married anymore. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:1](./01.md). + +# puts it into her hand + +"gives it to the woman" + +# the man who took her to be his wife + +"the second man who married the woman" + +# after she has become impure + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "after she has become unclean by the divorce and remarriage to another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You must not cause the land to become guilty + +The land is spoken of as if it could sin. AT: "You must not spread guilt around in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/05.md b/deu/24/05.md index 04f8eb83e6..cfa24e9a56 100644 --- a/deu/24/05.md +++ b/deu/24/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:free]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# When a man takes a new wife -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **when a man takes a new wife** - AT: "when a man is newly married to a woman" -* **neither may he be commanded to go on any forced duty** - AT: "and the government may not command him to live away from his home in order to do any kind of work" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he will be free to be at home** - "he will be free to live at home" +"When a man is newly married to a woman" + +# neither may he be commanded to go on any forced duty + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and no one is to force him to live away from his home and do any kind of work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he will be free to be at home + +"he will be free to live at home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/06.md b/deu/24/06.md index cdce67782b..9b1a404ed2 100644 --- a/deu/24/06.md +++ b/deu/24/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# mill -* [[en:tw:pledge]] +a tool for making flour by grinding grain in between two heavy discs of stone -## translationNotes +# upper millstone -* **mill** - a tool for making flour by grinding grain in between two heavy discs of stone -* **upper millstone** - the top disc of stone in a mill -* **for that would be taking a person's life as a pledge** - AT: "because he would be taking from the man what the man needs to make food for his family" +the top disc of stone in a mill + +# for that would be taking a person's life as a pledge + +The word "life" is a metonym for what a person needs to keep himself alive. AT: "because he would be taking from the man what the man needs to make food for his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/07.md b/deu/24/07.md index 9bf3441f40..ca099f77d6 100644 --- a/deu/24/07.md +++ b/deu/24/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:thief]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# If a man is found kidnapping -* **kidnapping** - taking someone away, using physical force -* **any of his brothers of the people of Israel** - "any of his fellow Israelites" -* **that thief must die** - AT: "then other Israelites should kill that thief as a punishment for what he did" -* **you will remove the evil from among you** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:21:20]]. +This is an idiom for "If a man kidnaps." It can be stated in active form. AT: "If you find a man kidnapping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# kidnapping + +using physical force to take an innocent person away from his home and imprison him + +# any of his brothers from among the people of Israel + +"any of his fellow Israelites" + +# that thief must die + +"then other Israelites should kill that thief as a punishment for what he did" + +# you will remove the evil from among you + +The adjective "evil" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/08.md b/deu/24/08.md index c57e28570a..a2d333c611 100644 --- a/deu/24/08.md +++ b/deu/24/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:miriam]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Take heed ... you carefully observe ... Call to mind what Yahweh your God -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Take heed regarding any plague of leprosy** - AT: "be careful every time you have a plague of leprosy" -* **every instruction given to you which the priests, the Levites, teach you** - AT: "all of the instructions which the priests, who are Levites, teach you to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **as I commanded them, so you will act** - AT: "you must make sure that you do exactly what I have commanded them" -* **commanded them** - The word "them" refers to the priests, who are Levites. -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" -* **as you came out of Egypt** - AT: "during the time after you had left Egypt" +Moses speaks to the Israelites here as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" and the commands "take heed" and "call to mind" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Take heed regarding any plague of leprosy + +"Pay attention if you suffer from leprosy" or "Pay attention if you have leprosy" + +# every instruction given to you which the priests, the Levites, teach you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all of the instructions that I have given you and that the priests, who are Levites, teach you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# teach you ... you will act ... you were coming out + +Moses here speaks to the Israelites as a group, so these instances of the word "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# as I commanded them, so you will act + +"you must make sure that you do exactly what I have commanded them" + +# commanded them + +The word "them" refers to the priests, who are Levites. + +# Call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "Remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as you were coming out of Egypt + +"during the time when you were leaving Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/10.md b/deu/24/10.md index 9ea3f52a65..44f231fde0 100644 --- a/deu/24/10.md +++ b/deu/24/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# When you make your neighbor any kind of loan -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **When you make your neighbor any kind of loan** - AT: "When you loan something to your neighbor" -* **to fetch his pledge** - "to take his pledge" -* **You will stand outside** - AT: "You should wait outside his house" +"When you loan something to your neighbor" + +# to fetch his pledge + +"to take his pledge" + +# his pledge + +This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan. + +# You will stand outside + +"You should wait outside his house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/12.md b/deu/24/12.md index 8219f44ef2..97d8f7542e 100644 --- a/deu/24/12.md +++ b/deu/24/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# you must not sleep with his pledge in your possession -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **you must not sleep with his pledge in your possession** - AT: "you must not keep his pledge during the night" -* **You must surely restore to him the pledge** - AT: "You must surely give the pledge back to him" -* **so that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you** - AT: "so that he will have his cloak to keep himself warm when he sleeps, and he will be grateful to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **cloak** - clothing that keeps a person warm at night -* **it will be righteousness for you before Yahweh your God** - AT: "Yahweh your God will approve of the way you handled this matter" +"you must not keep his coat overnight" + +# his pledge + +This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:10](./10.md). + +# restore to him the pledge + +"give him back what he has given you to show that he will pay back the loan" + +# so that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "so that he will have his coat to keep himself warm when he sleeps, and he will be grateful to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# cloak + +a coat or other clothing that keeps a person warm at night. This was probably the "pledge" Moses was speaking of in [Deuteronomy 24:10-12](./10.md) + +# it will be righteousness for you before Yahweh your God + +"Yahweh your God will approve of the way you handled this matter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/14.md b/deu/24/14.md index 1c054142c2..02963b1bb8 100644 --- a/deu/24/14.md +++ b/deu/24/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You must not oppress a hired servant -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You must not oppress a hired servant** - AT: "You must not treat a hired servant poorly" -* **hired servant** - a person who gets paid daily for his work -* **poor and needy** - These two words have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **within your city gates** - AT: "in one of your cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Each day you must give him his wage** - AT: "You should give the man the money he earns every single day" -* **the sun must not go down on this unsettled matter** - AT: "you should pay the man before he goes home for the night" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **for he is poor and is counting on it** - AT: "because he is poor and depends on his wages to buy his food for the day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **cry out against you to Yahweh** - AT: "call out to Yahweh and ask him to punish you" +"You must not treat a hired servant poorly" + +# hired servant + +a person who gets paid daily for his work + +# poor and needy + +These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that this is a person who cannot help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# within your city gates + +Here "city gates" mean towns or cities. AT: "in one of your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Each day you must give him his wage + +"You should give the man the money he earns every single day" + +# the sun must not go down on this unsettled matter + +This is an idiom. The Israelites considered the new day as starting when the sun went down. AT: "you should pay the man on the same day he does the work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for he is poor and is counting on it + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "because he is poor and depends on his wages to buy his food for the next day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he does not cry out against you to Yahweh + +"he does not call out to Yahweh and ask him to punish you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/16.md b/deu/24/16.md index 17cbdb6623..d3e62d68b5 100644 --- a/deu/24/16.md +++ b/deu/24/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The parents must not be put to death for their children -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not execute the parents because of something bad that one of their children did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# neither must the children be put to death for their parents -* **The parents must not be put to death for their children** - AT: "You must not put a parent to death because of something bad that one of his children did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **neither must the children be put to death for their parents** - AT: "and you must not put a child to death because of something bad that one of his parents did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **everyone must be put to death for his own sin** - AT: "you should only put a person to death because of something bad that he did himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form, AT: "and you must not execute the children because of something bad that their parents did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everyone must be put to death for his own sin + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you should only execute a person because of something bad that he did himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/17.md b/deu/24/17.md index 4f6510ccef..3992ea95b8 100644 --- a/deu/24/17.md +++ b/deu/24/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:instruct]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You must not use force to take away the justice that is due the foreigner or the fatherless -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You must not force away the justice that is due the foreigner or the fatherless** - AT: "You must make sure that you treat foreigners and orphans justly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **take the widow’s cloak as a pledge** - AT: "take as a pledge the clothing a widow needs to stay warm" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. AT: "You must not treat a foreigner or the fatherless unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fatherless + +This refers to children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. + +# nor take the widow's cloak as a pledge + +A lender would take something from the borrower to ensure that she would pay him back. He was not allowed to take her coat because she needed it to stay warm. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "and do not take a widow's cloak as a pledge because she needs it to stay warm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/19.md b/deu/24/19.md index 92e31d8c94..d55c83f4f3 100644 --- a/deu/24/19.md +++ b/deu/24/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# When you reap your harvest in your field -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **When you reap your harvest in your field** - AT: "When you cut down the grain in your field" -* **a sheaf** - a bundle of grain stalks -* **it must be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow** - AT: "you must leave the sheaf for a foreigner, an orphan, or for a widow" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in all the work of your hands** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:deu:14:28]]. -* **when you shake your olive tree** - AT: "when you shake the branches of your olive tree, causing the olives to fall to the ground so you can pick them up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **you must not go over the branches again** - AT: "do not pick every single olive from the tree" -* **it will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow** - AT: "the olives that stay on the branches are for foreigners, orphans, or widows" +"When you cut down the grain in your field" + +# a sheaf + +grain that the reaper has tied together + +# it must be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "you must leave the sheaf so a foreigner, an orphan, or a widow can take it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in all the work of your hands + +Here "hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "in all the work that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# When you shake your olive tree + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "When you shake the branches of your olive tree, causing the olives to fall to the ground so you can pick them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# you must not go over the branches again + +"do not pick every single olive from the tree" + +# it will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "the olives that stay on the branches are for foreigners, orphans, and widows to pick and take with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/21.md b/deu/24/21.md index 6dca165e34..c7cc536192 100644 --- a/deu/24/21.md +++ b/deu/24/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# What is left over will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **it will be for the foreigner** - AT: "the grapes that you do not pick will be for the foreigner" -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"The grapes that you do not pick will be for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow to pick" + +# for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow + +These refer to groups of people. AT: "for foreigners, for those who are fatherless, and for the widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/intro.md b/deu/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0cdd4cb055 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Deuteronomy 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter continues the teaching about how to maintain justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "No man may take a mill or an upper millstone as a pledge" ##### +A millstone was the way a person made a living. To take a person's millstone was to take take away the way they earned money and produced food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Lending money ##### +Lending money to fellow Israelites was a way to help them out. It was not intended to be a way to make money off their brothers. This chapter gives limitations regarding the lending of money. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/01.md b/deu/25/01.md index d0e81aaaac..4d77bc7ecf 100644 --- a/deu/25/01.md +++ b/deu/25/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acquit]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:criminal]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# If the guilty man deserves to be beaten -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **If there is a dispute between men** - AT: "If there is a disagreement between 2 men" -* **If the guilty man deserves to be beaten** - AT: "If the guilty man deserves a beating as a punishment" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and be beaten in his presence** - AT: "and watch him get a beating" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **with the ordered number of blows, as was his crime** - AT: "with the number of hits appropriate for his crime" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If the judge orders them to beat the guilty man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be beaten in his presence + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will watch them beat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with the ordered number of blows, as was his crime + +"the number of times he has ordered because of the bad deed he did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/03.md b/deu/25/03.md index af360c32ed..da3b90fba9 100644 --- a/deu/25/03.md +++ b/deu/25/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:humiliate]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# The judge may give him forty blows -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **The judge may give him forty blows** - AT: "The judge may say that he gets a punishment of 40 hits" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **but he may not exceed that number** - AT: "but the judge may not give him a punishment of more than 40 hits" -* **for if he should exceed that number and beat him with many more blows** - AT: "because if the judge gives him a punishment of many more than 40 hits" -* **then your fellow Israelite would be humiliated in your view** - AT: "then you would humiliate your fellow Israelite in front of all of the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"The judge may say that they should beat the guilty person 40 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# but he may not exceed that number + +"but the judge may not order them to beat him more than 40 times" + +# for if he should exceed that number and beat him with many more blows + +"because if the judge orders them to beat him many more than 40 times" + +# then your fellow Israelite would be humiliated before your eyes + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "then the judge would humiliate your fellow Israelite in front of all of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# humiliated before your eyes + +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "humiliated, and you would all see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/04.md b/deu/25/04.md index 8b47f423fa..4ef69b44b5 100644 --- a/deu/25/04.md +++ b/deu/25/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not muzzle the ox -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] +"You must not put something over the mouth of an ox" -## translationNotes +# when he treads out the grain -* **You must not muzzle the ox** - "You must not put something over the mouth of an ox" -* **when he treads out the grain** - AT: "when he works to separate the ears of grain from the rest of the plant" +while he separates the grain from the chaff by walking on it or dragging heavy wood over it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/05.md b/deu/25/05.md index bd1a880861..d8003712a6 100644 --- a/deu/25/05.md +++ b/deu/25/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# If brothers live together -* Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -* **If brothers live together** - Possible meanings are: 1) "If brothers live on the same property" or 2) "If brothers live near each other" -* **then the wife of the dead man must not be married off** - AT: "then the family of the dead man must not let the widow get married" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and do the duty of a husband's brother to her** - AT: "and do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do" -* **will succeed in the name of that man’s dead brother** - AT: "will continue the family line of that man's dead brother" -* **so that his name will not perish from Israel** - "so that his family line will not disappear from Israel" +Possible meanings are: 1) "If brothers live on the same property" or 2) "If brothers live near each other." + +# then the wife of the dead man must not be married off to someone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then the family of the dead man must not let the widow marry someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# do the duty of a husband's brother to her + +"do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do" + +# will succeed in the name of that man's dead brother + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person's family line. AT: "will continue the family line of that man's dead brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that his name will not perish from Israel + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person's family line. AT: "so that his family line will not disappear from Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/07.md b/deu/25/07.md index d0ecbc57c7..596d510f07 100644 --- a/deu/25/07.md +++ b/deu/25/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# must go up to the gate to the elders -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **must go up to the gate to the elders** - AT: "must go up to the city gate where the elders judge cases" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **refuses to raise up for his brother a name** - AT: "refuses to give his brother a son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he will not perform the duty of a husband’s brother to me** - AT: "he will not do what a husband's brother is supposed to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **I do not wish to take her** - "I do not wish to marry her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "must go up to the city gate where the elders judge cases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# refuses to raise up for his brother a name + +Here "name" refers to the memory of someone through his descendants. AT: "refuses to give his brother a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will not perform the duty of a husband's brother to me + +"he will not do what a husband's brother is supposed to do and marry me" + +# I do not wish to take her + +"I do not wish to marry her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/09.md b/deu/25/09.md index 84ee80844c..c70a27c4ab 100644 --- a/deu/25/09.md +++ b/deu/25/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# must come up to him in the presence of the elders -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **must come up to him in the presence of the elders** - AT: "must walk up close to him with the elders there watching" -* **who does not build up his brother’s house** - AT: "who does not give his brother a son and continue his brother's family line" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **His name will be called in Israel** - AT: "People in Israel will know his family as" -* **The house of him whose sandal has been taken off** - AT: "The family of a man who did not marry the wife of his dead brother, and so his brother's wife took off his sandal" or "The family who is despised" or "The family who is shameful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"must walk up close to him with the elders there watching" + +# who does not build up his brother's house + +Here "house" is a metonym for the family. AT: "who does not give his brother a son and continue his brother's family line" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His name will be called in Israel + +"People in Israel will know his family as" + +# The house of him whose sandal has been taken off + +Here removing the sandal symbolizes that the brother would not receive any of the property of his dead brother. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "The house of him whose sandal his brother's widow took off his foot" or "The family of a man who did not marry the wife of his dead brother" or "The family whom everyone despises" or "The family who is shameful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/11.md b/deu/25/11.md index 6bc85c4d28..3a970532bf 100644 --- a/deu/25/11.md +++ b/deu/25/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the hand of him who struck him -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **and the wife of one draws near** - "and the wife of one of the men comes close" -* **out of the hand of him who struck him** - AT: "from the harm of the man who hit her husband" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your eye must have no pity** - AT: "you should not feel sorry for her" +Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "so the one who struck him will not strike him again" or "from the man who hit him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your eye must have no pity + +Here "eye" means the whole person. AT: "you should not feel sorry for her" or "you must not show her mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/13.md b/deu/25/13.md index ca974f948f..742ca813bf 100644 --- a/deu/25/13.md +++ b/deu/25/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# You must not have in your bag different weights, a large and a small -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You must not have in your bag different weights, a large and a small** - AT: "You must not cheat people by using a weight that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a weight that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **weight** - a stone used on a balance to figure out how much something weighs -* **You must not have in your house different measures, a large and a small** - AT: "You must not cheat people by using a measure that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a measure that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **measure** - a basket or other container for measuring how much there is of something +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. AT: "You must not cheat people by using a weight that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a weight that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# weights + +Weights were stones used on a balance to determine how much something weighs + +# You must not have in your house different measures, a large and a small + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. AT: "You must not cheat people by using a measure that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a measure that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# measures + +A measure was a basket or other container for measuring how much there is of something. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/15.md b/deu/25/15.md index e84c26286a..9b50aed398 100644 --- a/deu/25/15.md +++ b/deu/25/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about using fair weights and measures when buying and selling. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# A perfect and just -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **A perfect and just weight you must have** - AT: "You must treat people justly by using a weight that weighs exactly the amount that you say it weighs" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **a perfect and just measure you must have** - AT: "you must treat people justly by using a measure that is exactly the size that you say it is" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For all who do such things, all that act unrighteously** - "because everyone who cheats people by using different sized weights and measures" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"A correct and fair" + +# weight ... measure + +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 25:13](./13.md). + +# your days may be long + +This is an idiom. AT: "you may live for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For all who do such things, all that act unrighteously + +"because everyone who cheats people by using different sized weights and measures" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/17.md b/deu/25/17.md index 53d3eee47f..5c8f2fd59d 100644 --- a/deu/25/17.md +++ b/deu/25/17.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:promisedland]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Call to mind what Amalek did to you -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Call to mind what Amalek did to you** - AT: "Remember what the Amalekites did to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **how he met you on the road** - "how they met you along the way" -* **and attacked those of you at the rear** - "and attacked those of you who were in the back of the line" -* **all who were feeble in your rear** - "all the people who were weak in the back of the line" -* **faint and weary** - These words have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "tired and exhausted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **he did not honor God** - AT: "this showed that the Amalekites were not afraid of God's punishment" or "this showed that the Amalekites did not respect God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **you must blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven** - AT: "you must kill all of the Amalekites so that nobody will remember them anymore" +This is an idiom, and "Amalek" is a metonym for the Amelikite people. AT: "Remember what the Amalekites did to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as you came out + +The word "you" here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# how he met you on the road + +"how they met you along the way" + +# attacked those of you at the rear + +"attacked those of your people who were in the back of the line" + +# all who were feeble in your rear + +"all the people who were weak in the back of the line" + +# faint and weary + +These words have similar meanings and emphasize how tired the people were. AT: "tired and exhausted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# he did not honor God + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "he was not afraid of God's punishment" or "he did not respect God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you must blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven + +"you must kill all of the Amalekites so that nobody will remember them anymore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/intro.md b/deu/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e47c69ebcd --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Deuteronomy 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues to teach about justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "A perfect and just weight you must have" ##### +In the ancient Near East, money was weighted on a scale. If a persons weight was off, they were robbing people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/01.md b/deu/26/01.md index 3ace8547c0..919eb4f4f9 100644 --- a/deu/26/01.md +++ b/deu/26/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# some of the first of all the harvest -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **some of the first of all the harvest** - "some of the first fruits of the harvest" or "some of the first crops of the harvest" +"some of the first fruits of the harvest" or "some of the first crops of the harvest." This "first" is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/03.md b/deu/26/03.md index 36b6ade7d8..6992f7152a 100644 --- a/deu/26/03.md +++ b/deu/26/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/05.md b/deu/26/05.md index a21dc50710..afc3fb77fa 100644 --- a/deu/26/05.md +++ b/deu/26/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# My ancestor was a wandering Aramean -* **My ancestor was a wandering Aramean** - This is the beginning of the statement that the Israelite male should make when bringing his basket. This statement continues until the middle of 26:10. -* **a wandering Aramean** - This refers to Jacob who was the ancestor of all the Israelites. He lived for many years in Aram-Nahairam, a region located in Syria. -* **and stayed there** - "and lived the rest of his life there" -* **There he became** - Here "he" refers to Jacob's descendants. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a great, mighty** - These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that their nation was powerful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This is the beginning of the statement that the Israelite male should make when bringing his basket. + +# a wandering Aramean + +This refers to Jacob, who was the ancestor of all the Israelites. He lived for many years in Aram-Nahairam, a region located in Syria. + +# stayed there + +"lived the rest of his life there" + +# There he became + +The word "he" is a metonym for "Jacob's descendants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a great, mighty + +These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Israel became a large and powerful nation. AT: "very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/06.md b/deu/26/06.md index 1707d0c51e..29c06271e5 100644 --- a/deu/26/06.md +++ b/deu/26/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# treated us badly and afflicted us -* This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh. -* **treated us badly and afflicted us** - These two phrases say basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Egyptians acted very harshly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **treated us** - Here "us" refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. -* **he heard our voice** - "he heard our cries" or "he heard our prayers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **our affliction...our oppression** - These mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that God saw that they were suffering. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases say basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Egyptians acted very harshly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# treated us + +Here "us" refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# he heard our voice + +Here "voice" refers to the whole person and his cries or prayers. AT: "he heard our cries" or "he heard our prayers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# our affliction, our labor, and our oppression + +"that the Egyptians were afflicting us, that we were doing very hard work, and that the Egyptians were oppressing us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/08.md b/deu/26/08.md index 6adf8a15ee..2df0193725 100644 --- a/deu/26/08.md +++ b/deu/26/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle|miracle, wonder, sign]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh brought us -* This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh. -* **Yahweh brought us** - Here "us" refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. -* **with a mighty hand, with a display of his power** - Both phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "with his mighty power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **with great fearsomeness** - AT: "with acts that terrified the people who saw them" -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:06:03]]. +Here "us" refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# with a mighty hand, with an outstretched arm + +Here "a mighty hand" and "an outstretched arm" are metaphors for Yahweh's power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "by showing his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with great fearsomeness + +"with acts that terrified the people who saw them" + +# a land that flows with milk and honey + +This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/10.md b/deu/26/10.md index 4c17cf39bb..d152684251 100644 --- a/deu/26/10.md +++ b/deu/26/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Moses continues telling the Israelites what they must say when they bring theire first crops to Yahweh. He speaks to them as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# first of the harvest -* This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh. -* **first of the harvest** - "first fruits of the harvest" or "first crops of the harvest" -* **You must set it down** - Moses is speaking to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **set it** - This refers to the basket filled with the first crops. +"first fruits of the harvest" or "first crops of the harvest" + +# You must set it down + +"You must set the basket down." + +# you must rejoice in all the good that Yahweh your God has done for you + +"you must rejoice and be grateful for all the good things that Yahweh your God has done for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/12.md b/deu/26/12.md index 3cc6f826f3..43e07e8a82 100644 --- a/deu/26/12.md +++ b/deu/26/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:setapart|set apart]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:tenth|tenth, tithe]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# in the third year -* **in the third year** - The Israelites gave a tenth of their harvest to Yahweh every year. Every 3 years they gave a tenth of the harvest to the poor. -* **fatherless** - children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them -* **widow** - a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age -* **eat within your city gates and be filled** - AT: "so that those within your towns may have enough food to eat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I have brought out of** - This is the start of another statement that the Israelite was supposed to say. It will continue to the end of 26:15. -* **neither have I forgotten them** - This means that he has not neglected to obey any of God's commandments. +This "third" is the ordinal number for three. Every three years the people of Israel gave a tenth of the harvest to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# fatherless + +These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. + +# widow + +This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her now that she is old. + +# eat within your city gates and be filled + +Here "gates" means towns or cities. AT: "so that those within your towns may have enough food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I have brought out of + +These are the first words of another statement that the Israelite was supposed to say. + +# neither have I forgotten them + +This means that he has obeyed all of God's commandments. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/14.md b/deu/26/14.md index a96e1b986e..d634705fcb 100644 --- a/deu/26/14.md +++ b/deu/26/14.md @@ -1,35 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +This continues what the Israelite must say to Yahweh when he gives his tithe to the poor. -## translationNotes +# I have not eaten any of it in my mourning -* This continues what the Israelite must say when he gives his tithe to the poor. -* **I have not eaten any of it in my mourning** - "I have not eaten any of the tithe while I was mourning" -* **when I was impure** - "when I was ritually unclean" -* **I have listened to the voice of Yahweh my God; I have obeyed everything you have commanded me to do** - Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the person has obeyed all of God's commands. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **from the holy place where you live, from heaven** - Both of these mean the same thing. AT: "from heaven, your holy dwelling place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:06:03]]. +"I have not eaten any of the tithe while I was mourning" + +# when I was impure + +Here "impure" means the person is unclean according to the Law. God does not allow an unclean person to touch the tithe he is giving to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "when I was unclean according to the Law" or "when the law says I cannot touch it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have listened to the voice of Yahweh my God; I have obeyed everything you have commanded me to do + +Here "voice of Yahweh" is a metonym for what Yahweh says. Both statements share similar meanings. They emphasize that the person has obeyed all of God's commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# from the holy place where you live, from heaven + +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "from heaven, your holy dwelling place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/16.md b/deu/26/16.md index 7d3c01a753..6e148320a8 100644 --- a/deu/26/16.md +++ b/deu/26/16.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# with all your heart and with all your soul -* **Today Yahweh your God** - Moses is speaking to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **with all your heart and with all your soul** - The words means basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: “earnestly” or "completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **that you will walk in his ways and keep his statutes, his commandments, and his decrees, and that you will listen to his voice** - The word "walk," "keep," and "listen" mean basically the same thing. AT: "that you will completely obey everything Yahweh commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that you will walk in his ways and keep his statutes, his commandments, and his decrees, and that you will listen to his voice + +The words "walk," "keep," and "listen" have similar meanings here. Here "voice" refers to what God has said. AT: "that you will completely obey everything Yahweh commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/18.md b/deu/26/18.md index 78fa213670..003045e370 100644 --- a/deu/26/18.md +++ b/deu/26/18.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# a people who are his own possession -* **a people who are his own possession** - "a people who belong to him" -* **he will set you high above** - AT: "he will make you more important than" or "he will make you greater than" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in respect to praise, to reputation, and to honor** - Possible meanings are 1) God will enable the people Israel to praise and honor God himself (UDB) or 2) God will give the people of Israel more honor and a better reputation than he will give to all other nations. -* **a people that is holy to Yahweh your God** - AT: "a people that lives in a holy way, dedicated to Yahweh your God" +"a people who belong to him" + +# he will set you high above + +This is an idiom. AT: "he will make you more important than" or "he will make you greater than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor + +Possible meanings are 1) "he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him" or 2) "he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you." + +# You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your God + +Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh your God will set you apart from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/intro.md b/deu/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0ebfd7d828 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Deuteronomy 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter recalls the great events of Israel's history when Yahweh brought them out of Egypt. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/01.md b/deu/27/01.md index a55729a556..8669d17a68 100644 --- a/deu/27/01.md +++ b/deu/27/01.md @@ -1,30 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted, the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# command you today ... you will pass -* **I command** - Here "I" refers to Moses. The elders are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking. -* **plaster them with plaster** - Plaster is a paste that goes on wet and dries to form a smooth surface, suitable for writing upon. AT: "spread plaster on them" or "spread a white substance on them" -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:06:03]]. +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so both instances of the word "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I command + +Here "I" refers to Moses. The elders are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking. + +# plaster them with plaster + +Plaster is usually a mixture of lime, sand, and water that is spread on something. It dries to form a hard, smooth surface on which a person can write. AT: "spread plaster on them" or "make them so you can write on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/04.md b/deu/27/04.md index 768e0380d5..b87c2b2c0a 100644 --- a/deu/27/04.md +++ b/deu/27/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# you have passed ... set up ... I am commanding you -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Mount Ebal** - This is a mountain near Shechem. See how you translated it in [[en:bible:notes:deu:11:29]]. -* **you must raise no iron tool to work the stones** - This refers to the chisels that would make the stones smoother, in order that they might fit together better. AT: "you will not shape the altar stones with iron tools" +Moses is addressing the Israelites as a group, so the instances of "you" and the command "set up" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# plaster them with plaster + +"spread plaster on them" or "make them so you can write on them." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](./01.md). + +# Mount Ebal + +This is a mountain near Shechem. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md). + +# you must raise no iron tool to work the stones + +This refers to the chisels that would make the stones smoother, in order that they might fit together better. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "you will not shape the altar stones with iron tools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/06.md b/deu/27/06.md index 637d5cb099..e064760ae7 100644 --- a/deu/27/06.md +++ b/deu/27/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# unworked stones -* **unworked stones** - This refers to stones in their natural shape which no one has shaped with metal tools. -* **write on the stones** - These are not the stones of the altar. These are the stones which they will set up on Mount Ebal. +stones in their natural shape that no one has shaped with metal tools + +# write on the stones + +This refers to the stones they were to set up on Mount Ebal and cover with plaster. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](./01.md) and [Deuteronomy 27:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/09.md b/deu/27/09.md index 8f09bcf080..11c09bab28 100644 --- a/deu/27/09.md +++ b/deu/27/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|commandment, command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# obey the voice of Yahweh your God -* **obey the voice of Yahweh your God** - AT: "obey what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I am commanding** - Here "I" refers to Moses. The Levites are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking. +Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" refers to what he says. AT: "obey what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am commanding + +Moses is commanding. The Levites are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/11.md b/deu/27/11.md index 38bc62e8b3..48dc61a8e2 100644 --- a/deu/27/11.md +++ b/deu/27/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# These tribes -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:issachar|Issachar]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:simeon|Simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +Here the metonym "tribes" refers to the people from the tribes of Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin. AT: "The people from these tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Mount Gerizim -* **These tribes** - AT: "The people from these tribes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Mount Gerizim** - This was a small mountain north of Mount Ebal. See how you translated it in [[en:bible:notes:deu:11:29]]. -* **Joseph** - This combines the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh who were descendants of Joseph. +A small mountain north of Mount Ebal. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md). + +# Joseph + +This combines the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, who were descendants of Joseph. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/13.md b/deu/27/13.md index e067948937..823a039bf8 100644 --- a/deu/27/13.md +++ b/deu/27/13.md @@ -1,24 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Mount Ebal -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:asher|Asher]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dan|Dan]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gad|Gad]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali|Naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:reuben|Reuben]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun|Zebulun]] +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md). -## translationNotes +# pronounce curses -* **Mount Ebal** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:11:29]]. -* **pronounce curses** - AT: "say in a loud voice how Yahweh will curse Israel" +"say in a loud voice how Yahweh will curse Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/15.md b/deu/27/15.md index 6603e2267d..b7def26e4b 100644 --- a/deu/27/15.md +++ b/deu/27/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# May the man be cursed ... sets it up in secret -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:amen|amen, truly]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved figure]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +This is the statement the Levites must shout to all the people of Israel. It may be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh curse the person ... sets it up in secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the work of the hands of a craftsman -* **May the man be cursed** - This is the statement the Levites must shout to all the people of Israel. AT: "May Yahweh curse the person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the work of the hands of a craftsman** - AT: "something a man made himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "something a man has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# craftsman + +a man who knows how to make things well \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/16.md b/deu/27/16.md index 05121abff9..294dedc965 100644 --- a/deu/27/16.md +++ b/deu/27/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## translationNotes +# May the man be cursed -* Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -* **May the man be cursed** - AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he who removes his neighbor’s landmark** - These were stones that people placed on the ground to show the lines between one property and another. +This may be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who removes his neighbor's landmark + +The full meaning of the statement can be made explicit. AT: "who takes land away from his neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/18.md b/deu/27/18.md index df02ef00de..64c73da8c4 100644 --- a/deu/27/18.md +++ b/deu/27/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] +Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## translationNotes +# May the man be cursed -* Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -* **May the man be cursed** - AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fatherless** - children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them -* **widow** - is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age +This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](./16.md). AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# uses force to take away the justice due to a foreigner ... widow + +Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. Your language might have one word that means "use force to take away." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 24:17](../24/17.md). AT: "treats a foreigner ... widow unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fatherless + +These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. + +# widow + +This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/20.md b/deu/27/20.md index ecc84b5fa7..827d10d8e1 100644 --- a/deu/27/20.md +++ b/deu/27/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## translationNotes +# May the man be cursed -* Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -* **May the man be cursed** - AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who sleeps with any kind of beast** - AT: "who sleeps with any kind of beast in the way that man sleeps with a woman" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **his father's wife** - This does not refer to the man's mother, but another wife of his father. -* **he has taken away his father’s rights** - When a man marries a woman, only he has the legal right to sleep with her. AT: "he dishonors his father" +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](./16.md). AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his father's wife + +This does not refer to the man's mother, but another wife of his father. + +# he has taken away his father's rights + +When a man marries a woman, only he has the legal right to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. AT: "he has taken away his father's legal rights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who sleeps with any kind of beast + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "who sleeps with any kind of beast in the way that man sleeps with a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/22.md b/deu/27/22.md index c3a87e6260..a735fc69f7 100644 --- a/deu/27/22.md +++ b/deu/27/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] +Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## translationNotes +# May the man be cursed -* Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -* **May the man be cursed** - AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the daughter of his father, or with the daughter of his mother** - This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. +This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](./16.md). AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the daughter of his father, or with the daughter of his mother + +This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/24.md b/deu/27/24.md index 30cb2da01d..e0add524d7 100644 --- a/deu/27/24.md +++ b/deu/27/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:bribe|bribe]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## translationNotes +# May the man be cursed -* Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -* **May the man be cursed** - AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](./16.md). AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/26.md b/deu/27/26.md index 904c0de51f..e0add524d7 100644 --- a/deu/27/26.md +++ b/deu/27/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## translationNotes +# May the man be cursed -* Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -* **May the man be cursed** - AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](./16.md). AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/intro.md b/deu/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8ea6852c01 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 27 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "May the man be cursed" ##### +This phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/01.md b/deu/28/01.md index 39dbc15af0..ef33572ab4 100644 --- a/deu/28/01.md +++ b/deu/28/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# to the voice of Yahweh your God -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **so as to keep** - AT: "and obey" -* **set you above** - AT: "make you more important" or "make you greater than" -* **All these blessings will come on you and overtake you** - Moses describes the blessing as a person who will come and stay with them. Moses will list the blessings in 28:3-14. AT: "Yahweh will always bless you in these ways" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" refers to what he says. AT: "to what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so as to keep + +"and obey" + +# set you above + +Moses speaks of being important or being great as if it were being physically higher, as on a higher hill. AT: "make you more important than" or "make you greater than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All these blessings will come on you and overtake you + +Moses describes the blessings as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. AT: "Yahweh will bless you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/03.md b/deu/28/03.md index 27bc61588e..3a95000d84 100644 --- a/deu/28/03.md +++ b/deu/28/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Blessed will you be -* **Blessed will you be** - AT: "Yahweh will bless you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the fruit of your body** - AT: "your children" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the fruit of your ground** - AT: "your crops" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the fruit of your beasts, the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock** - AT: "and all of your animals and their young" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the city ... in the field + +This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the fruit of your body, and the fruit of your ground, and the fruit of your beasts + +These idioms for "your children, and your crops, and all your animals" form a merism for everything the Israelites valued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the fruit of your beasts, the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock + +This doublet is three ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites' animals many and strong. AT: "all of your animals along with the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/05.md b/deu/28/05.md index 8bcf3246a1..e496ccaeb5 100644 --- a/deu/28/05.md +++ b/deu/28/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Blessed will be -* **Blessed will be** - AT: "Yahweh will bless" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your basket and your kneading trough** - Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A kneading trough was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. AT: "your grain and all the food you eat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Blessed will you be when you come in, and blessed will you be when you go out** - To "come in" and "go out" refers to all of life's activities everywhere they go. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your basket and your kneading trough + +Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A "kneading trough" was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. AT: "all the food you grow and all the food you eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when you come in ... when you go out + +This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere they go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/07.md b/deu/28/07.md index 55b182eddd..f7a56637ca 100644 --- a/deu/28/07.md +++ b/deu/28/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck down before you -* **cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck down before you** - AT: "cause you to defeat the armies that attack you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but will flee before you seven ways** - Their enemies will run away in fear and panic. AT: "but will scatter before you in various directions" -* **Yahweh will command the blessing to come on you in your barns** - AT: "Yahweh will bless your crops so you have plenty to store in your barns" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and in all that you put your hand to** - AT: "and in everything you do" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "cause you to defeat the armies that attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but will flee before you seven ways + +"but they will run away from you in seven directions" + +# seven ways + +This is an idiom. The actual number could be more or less than seven. AT: "in many different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh will command the blessing to come on you in your barns + +Moses describes Yahweh blessing the Israelites as if Yahweh were commanding a person to attack them by surprise. AT: "When Yahweh blesses you, you will be surprised by how much grain you have in your barns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in all that you put your hand to + +This is an idiom. AT: "in everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/09.md b/deu/28/09.md index a4b0dd3c66..b858cda222 100644 --- a/deu/28/09.md +++ b/deu/28/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh will establish you as a people that is set apart for himself -* **Yahweh will establish you as a people holy to himself** - AT: "Yahweh will set you apart as his holy people" or "Yahweh will make you a holy people that belongs to him" -* **you are called by the name of Yahweh** - AT: "you belong to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh put them in a place different from the place all other nations live in. AT: "Yahweh will make you a holy people that belongs to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are called by the name of Yahweh + +Here the metonym "called by the name of Yahweh" means belonging to him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has called you his own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/11.md b/deu/28/11.md index 8d25f4fb2a..98d0ab7b34 100644 --- a/deu/28/11.md +++ b/deu/28/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your cattle, in the fruit of your ground -* **in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your cattle, in the fruit of your ground** - AT: "with children, animals, and crops" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his storehouse of the heavens** - This means the sky from where the rain falls. -* **at the right time** - "when the crops need it" +This is an idiom. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](./03.md). AT: "with children, animals, and crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his storehouse of the heavens + +Moses speaks of the clouds from which the rain falls as if they were a building where he stores the rain. AT: "the clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the right time + +"when the crops need it" + +# all the work of your hand + +The word "hand" is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "all the work that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/13.md b/deu/28/13.md index e969440a88..66b5a1f2f6 100644 --- a/deu/28/13.md +++ b/deu/28/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the head, and not the tail -* **the head, and not the tail** - This means they will always be the leaders over other nations and never the servants following behind them. The Israelites will be superior in power, money, and honor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **be only above...never be beneath** - This means the same as the first part of the sentence. They are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **if you do not turn away from...to the right hand, or to the left** - AT: "if you do not disobey...in any way" +This metaphor describes the nation of Israel as an animal and means the Israelites will always be the leaders over other nations and never the servants following behind them. The Israelites will be superior in power, money, and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be only above ... will never be beneath + +The Israelites will rule over others but never have others rule them. + +# I am commanding you + +Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# if you do not turn away from any of the words that I am commanding you today, to the right hand or to the left, so as to go after other gods to serve them + +Disobeying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if a person physically turned and went in a different direction from Yahweh's words. AT: "if you do not disobey what I am commanding you today by serving other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/15.md b/deu/28/15.md index 95c55adc4d..819364722c 100644 --- a/deu/28/15.md +++ b/deu/28/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# But if -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **But if** - Moses will now describe the curses the people will receive if they disobey. -* **the voice of Yahweh your God** - AT: "what Yahweh your God is saying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **then all these curses will come on you and overtake you** - Moses describes the curses as a person who will come and stay with the people. AT: "then Yahweh will curse you in these ways" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here Moses starts describing the curses the people will receive if they disobey. + +# the voice of Yahweh your God + +Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" means what Yahweh says. AT: "what Yahweh your God is saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then all these curses will come on you and overtake you + +Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. AT: "Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# come on you and overtake you + +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/16.md b/deu/28/16.md index 5b8446b7a6..3e9bcd1e49 100644 --- a/deu/28/16.md +++ b/deu/28/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* 4]] and [[en:bible:notes:deu:28:05]]. -* **Cursed will you be** - AT: "Yahweh will curse you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your basket and your kneading trough** - AT: "your grain and all of your food" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These phrases appeared earlier in the chapter. See how you translated many of these words in [Deuteronomy 28:3-4](./03.md) and [Deuteronomy 28:5-6](./05.md). + +# Cursed will you be + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the city ... in the field + +This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# your basket and your kneading trough + +The Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A "kneading trough" was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:5](./05.md). AT: "all the food you grow and all the food you eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/18.md b/deu/28/18.md index 4c9ae12056..bbd2bf7aba 100644 --- a/deu/28/18.md +++ b/deu/28/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* 4]] and [[en:bible:notes:deu:28:05]]. -* **Cursed will be** - AT: "Yahweh will curse" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the fruit of your body** - AT: "your children" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the fruit of your ground** - AT: "your crops" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock** - AT: "your animals and their young" -* **when you come in...when you go out** - AT: "in all your activities wherever you go" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +These phrases appeared earlier in the chapter. See how you translated many of these words in [Deuteronomy 28:3-4](./03.md) and [Deuteronomy 28:5-6](./05.md). + +# Cursed will be + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground + +This is an idiom for "your children, your crops." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock + +This doublet is two ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites' animals many and strong. AT: "the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# when you come in ... when you go out + +This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere they go. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:6](./05.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/20.md b/deu/28/20.md index ec34076c4c..e8d7fa69fc 100644 --- a/deu/28/20.md +++ b/deu/28/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# curses, confusion, and rebukes -* **curses, confusion, and rebukes** - These words combined emphasize the distress that Yahweh will cause the people of Israel. AT: "disasters, fear, and frustration" -* **until you are destroyed** - AT: "until your enemies destroy you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **forsaken me** - Here "me" may refer to Yahweh, rather than Moses. -* **cling to you** - AT: "remain on you" +"disasters, fear, and frustration" + +# in all that you put your hand to + +This is an idiom. AT: "in everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# until you are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until your enemies destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# forsaken me + +Here "me" refers to Yahweh. + +# cling to you + +"remain on you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/22.md b/deu/28/22.md index d5c27cadb5..64674cc1fe 100644 --- a/deu/28/22.md +++ b/deu/28/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation -* **infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation** - These all refer to diseases that cause people to grow weak and die. AT: "diseases and burning fevers that will make you weak" -* **with drought** - "with lack of rain" -* **mildew** - mold that grows on crops and causes them to rot -* **These will pursue you** - AT: "Yahweh will cause these things" +"diseases and burning fevers that will make you weak." These all refer to diseases that cause people to grow weak and die. + +# with drought + +"with lack of rain" + +# mildew + +mold that grows on crops and causes them to rot + +# These will pursue you + +Moses speaks of the bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were people or animals who would chase after the Israelites. AT: "You will suffer from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/23.md b/deu/28/23.md index b8b0e08649..99e70dc747 100644 --- a/deu/28/23.md +++ b/deu/28/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# skies ... will be bronze -* **skies that are over your head will be bronze** - AT: "skies will be as clear as bronze" or "skies will no longer rain" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the earth that is under you will be iron** - AT: "the ground will be as hard as iron" (UDB) or "nothing will grow from the ground" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **make the rain of your land into powder and dust** - This refers to God sending sandstorms. -* **until you are destroyed** - AT: "until it destroys you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Moses speaks of the skies being like bronze because there will be no rain. AT: "skies ... will give no rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the earth ... will be iron + +Moses speaks of the earth being like iron because no crops will grow. AT: "nothing will grow from the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh will make the rain of your land into powder and dust + +"instead of rain, Yahweh will send sandstorms" + +# until you are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until it destroys you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/25.md b/deu/28/25.md index aaac92d3cd..07fa271951 100644 --- a/deu/28/25.md +++ b/deu/28/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh will cause you to be struck down before your enemies -* **Yahweh will cause you to be struck down before your enemies** - AT: "Yahweh will cause your enemies to strike you down" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and will flee seven ways before them** - This means the Israelites will run away from their enemies in fear and panic. AT: "and you will flee in all different directions" -* **tossed to and fro among all the kingdoms** - AT: "and the peoples of the other nations will not accept you when you flee from your land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will cause your enemies to strike you down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be struck down before + +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:7](./07.md). + +# will flee before them seven ways + +This means the Israelites will be afraid and panic and run away from their enemies. See similar wording in [Deuteronomy 28:7](./07.md). AT: "you will flee in seven directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seven ways + +This is an idiom. AT: "in many different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You will be tossed to and fro among all the kingdoms + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The peoples of the other nations will drive you from one nation to another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/27.md b/deu/28/27.md index 4b699883cf..cc50d5e4ed 100644 --- a/deu/28/27.md +++ b/deu/28/27.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the boils of Egypt -* **boils of Egypt** - This means Yahweh will curse the Israelites with the same skin disease that he did to the Egyptians. -* **boils...ulcers, scurvy, and itch** - These are different types of skin diseases. -* **from which you cannot be healed** - AT: "from which no one will be able to heal you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **grope about at noonday like the blind grope in the darkness** - This means the people will be confused and will not know what to do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **you will be always oppressed and robbed** - AT: "stronger people will always oppress and rob you" +"the same skin disease with which I cursed the Egyptians" + +# boils ... ulcers, scurvy, and itch + +These are different types of skin diseases. + +# from which you cannot be healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from which no one will be able to heal you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will grope about at noonday like the blind grope in the darkness + +"You will be like blind people who grope in darkness even at noonday." The Israelites will have a difficult life even when everyone else is enjoying life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you will be always oppressed and robbed + +"stronger people will always oppress and rob you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/30.md b/deu/28/30.md index 2772d7ab7a..b2e57bc72b 100644 --- a/deu/28/30.md +++ b/deu/28/30.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Your ox will be slain before your eyes -* **sleep with her** - AT: "violate her" or "rape her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Your ox will be slain before your eyes** - AT: "You will watch as someone kills your ox" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your donkey will be forcibly taken away from before you, and will not be restored to you** - AT: "someone will take your donkey by force and will not give it back" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Your sheep will be given to your enemies** - AT: "Your enemies will take your sheep" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will watch as someone kills your ox" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your donkey will be forcibly taken away from before you and will not be restored to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will take your donkey by force and will not give it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your sheep will be given to your enemies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give your sheep to your enemies" or "I will allow your enemies to take your sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/32.md b/deu/28/32.md index aa62748391..2fd309f6e8 100644 --- a/deu/28/32.md +++ b/deu/28/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Your sons and your daughters will be given to other peoples -* **Your sons and your daughters will be given to other peoples** - AT: "Your enemies will take your sons and daughters" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for them** - AT: "you will grow tired as you constantly watch for them and long to see them again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **There will be no strength in your hand** - AT: "You will be powerless to do anything about it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give your sons and your daughters to other peoples" or "Your enemies will take your sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for them + +Here "your eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "you will grow tired as you constantly watch for them and long to see them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# There will be no strength in your hand + +Here the metonym "strength in your hand" refers to power. "AT: "You will be powerless to do anything about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/33.md b/deu/28/33.md index 6ad427a6a3..db969728d6 100644 --- a/deu/28/33.md +++ b/deu/28/33.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:labor|labor, laborer]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# a nation -* **a nation** - AT: "people from a nation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you will always be oppressed and crushed** - The words "oppressed" and "crushed" mean basically the same thing. AT: "they will always oppress and crush you" or "they will oppress you continually" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **you will become insane by what you have to see happen** - AT: "what you see will drive you mad" -* **from which you cannot be cured** - AT: "which no one will be able to cure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the metonym "a nation" means the people from a nation. AT: "people from a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will always be oppressed and crushed + +The words "oppressed" and "crushed" mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will always oppress and crush you" or "they will oppress you continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will become insane by what you have to see happen + +"what you see will make you go crazy" + +# from which you cannot be cured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one will be able to cure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/36.md b/deu/28/36.md index 966e7fa53c..a7619e4eaf 100644 --- a/deu/28/36.md +++ b/deu/28/36.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:horror]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:proverb|proverb]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# of horror, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you away -* **a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you away** - The words "proverb" and "byword" mean basically the same thing. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "Yahweh will send you to peoples who will laugh at you and ridicule you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here the words "proverb" and "byword" mean basically the same thing. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "of horror. The people, in the places where Yahweh will send you, will make up proverbs and bywords about you" or "of horror. Yahweh will send you to peoples who will laugh at you and ridicule you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# byword + +a word or phrase that people use to shame others \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/38.md b/deu/28/38.md index 1e596378d6..1a2b392c4a 100644 --- a/deu/28/38.md +++ b/deu/28/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:grape|grape]] -* [[en:tw:locust]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:seed|seed]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# but will gather little seed in -* **but will gather little seed in** - "but will gather very little grain" +"but will harvest very little food" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/40.md b/deu/28/40.md index e6b6ac0980..6e0c66cfa7 100644 --- a/deu/28/40.md +++ b/deu/28/40.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:olive|olive]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Moses continues describing God's curses if the people disobey him. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# but you will not rub any of the oil on yourself -* Moses continues describing God's curses if the people disobey him. -* **but you will not rub any of the oil on yourself** - People would rub olive oil on themselves to take care of their skin. +People would rub olive oil on themselves to make their skin healthy. + +# your olive trees will drop their fruit + +You may need to make explicit that the fruit drops before it is ripe. AT: "your olive trees will drop their fruit before the fruit is ripe" or "the olives will fall off your olive trees before they are ripe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/42.md b/deu/28/42.md index 6b6d15fc9e..b5472ef35c 100644 --- a/deu/28/42.md +++ b/deu/28/42.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:locust]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# The foreigner who is ... He will ... to him -* **rise up above you higher and higher; you yourself will come down lower and lower** - This means the foreigner will become superior to the Israelites in power, money, and honor. -* **he will be the head, and you will be the tail** - This means the foreigner will become the leader of the Israelites. See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:deu:28:13]]. +This does not mean a specific foreigner but it refers to foreigners in general. AT: "The foreigners who are ... They will ... to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# rise up above you higher and higher; you yourself will come down lower and lower + +This idiom means foreigners will have more power, money, and honor than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will be the head, and you will be the tail + +This means foreigners will have more power and authority than the Israelites. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 28:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/45.md b/deu/28/45.md index 8dab817156..5d639726a3 100644 --- a/deu/28/45.md +++ b/deu/28/45.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# All these curses will come on you and will pursue and overtake you until you are destroyed -* **All these curses will come on you and will pursue and overtake you until you are destroyed** - Moses describes the curses as a person chasing and conquering the people. AT: "Yahweh will cause all these curses to happen to you until he destroys you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to the voice of Yahweh your God** - AT: "to what Yahweh your God said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his commandments and his statutes** - These words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "all of his commandments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. See how you translated something similar in [Deuteronomy 28:2](./01.md). AT: "Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if he is chasing you and you cannot escape having him curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to the voice of Yahweh your God + +Here the words "voice of Yahweh" are a metonym for what Yahweh said. AT: "to what Yahweh your God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his commandments and his regulations + +The words "commandments" and "regulations" are a doublet for "all that Yahweh has commanded you to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/47.md b/deu/28/47.md index f4e2b39bbe..27ac6bd27e 100644 --- a/deu/28/47.md +++ b/deu/28/47.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] -* [[en:tw:yoke|yoke]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# joyfulness and gladness of heart -* **joyfulness and gladness of heart** - These mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people should have been very glad to worship Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **​He will put a yoke of iron on your neck** - This means Yahweh will allow the enemy to treat the Israelites cruelly and make them slaves. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "joyfulness" and "gladness of heart" mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people should have been very glad to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# He will put a yoke of iron on your neck + +This is a metaphor for Yahweh allowing the enemy to treat the Israelites cruelly and make them slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/49.md b/deu/28/49.md index d73fe697b0..2929cf0089 100644 --- a/deu/28/49.md +++ b/deu/28/49.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:eagle|eagle]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# from far away, from the ends of the earth -* **from far away, from the ends of the earth** - These mean the same thing. They emphasize the enemy army will come from a nation that is very far away from Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **like an eagle flies to its victim** - This means the enemy will come suddenly and the Israelites will not be able to stop them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a nation with ferocious expressions** - This means they are ready to fight and will not show mercy. -* **until you are destroyed** - AT: "until they destroy you" or "until they leave you with nothing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will come from a nation that is very far away from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# from the ends of the earth + +This is an idiom. AT: "from places that you know nothing about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# like an eagle flies to its victim + +This means the enemy will come suddenly and the Israelites will not be able to stop them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a nation with a fierce face that does not respect the aged and does not show favor + +The word "nation" is a metonym for the people of that nation. AT: "a nation whose people have fierce expressions, who do not respect the aged and do not show favor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until you are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until they destroy you" or "until they leave you with nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/52.md b/deu/28/52.md index 79c9e190ce..bf3d8bf760 100644 --- a/deu/28/52.md +++ b/deu/28/52.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Moses continues describing the army that will attack the Israelites if they do not obey Yahweh. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# you in all your city gates -* Moses continues describing the army that will attack the Israelites if they do not obey Yahweh. -* **you in all your city gates** - AT: "your cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters** - These mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people will eat their own children because they will be so hungry after the enemy army surrounds their city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here the phrase "city gates" represents a city. AT: "your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters + +Here "the flesh of your sons and of your daughters" explains the metaphor "the fruit of your own body." The people will be so hungry after the enemy army surrounds their city that they will eat their own children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the fruit of your own body + +This speaks of children as if they were fruit that was produced by the bodies of their parents. AT: "your own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/54.md b/deu/28/54.md index 9ce519ec62..7dc6902578 100644 --- a/deu/28/54.md +++ b/deu/28/54.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:envy|envy, covet]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# who is tender and very delicate among you—he -* **who is tender and very delicate among you** - This means a person who is of noble birth and is normally very gentle. -* **he will be envious of his brother ** - AT: "he will be hostile toward his brother" -* **all your city gates** - AT: "all your cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"who is tender and very delicate among you—even he." Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even the last person one would expect to eat his own children will eat his children. + +# all your city gates + +Here "city gates" represents the cities themselves. AT: "all your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/56.md b/deu/28/56.md index c542df0aa7..18cf8ba8c1 100644 --- a/deu/28/56.md +++ b/deu/28/56.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:envy|envy, covet]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# The tender and delicate woman among you ... tenderness—she -* **The tender and delicate woman among you** - This means the woman is of noble birth and normally very gentle. -* **who would not venture to put the bottom of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tenderness** - Moses is exaggerating. He is emphasizing that this noble woman is so rich and lives in such luxury that she would not allow herself to get dirty. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **she will be envious of her own dear husband** - AT: "she will be hostile toward her own dear husband" -* **within your city gates** - AT: "within your cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"The tender and delicate woman among you ... tenderness—even she." Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even women of noble birth and normally very gentle, whom one would never expect to eat their children, will eat their children. The word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# who would not venture to put the bottom of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tenderness + +Moses is exaggerating. He is emphasizing that this noble woman is so rich and lives in such luxury that she would not allow herself to get dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# for delicateness and tenderness + +The abstract nouns "delicateness" and "tenderness" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "because she is so delicate and tender" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# within your city gates + +Here "city gates" represents the cities themselves. AT: "within your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/58.md b/deu/28/58.md index 2fddbb70fe..b128c7ade7 100644 --- a/deu/28/58.md +++ b/deu/28/58.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# that are written -* **that are written** - AT: "that I have written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **this glorious and fearful name, Yahweh your God** - AT: "Yahweh your God who is glorious and awesome" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh will make your plagues terrible, and those of your descendants** - AT: "Yahweh will send terrible plagues on you and your descendants" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this glorious and fearful name, Yahweh your God + +Here the metonym "name" refers to Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh your God who is glorious and awesome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh will make your plagues terrible, and those of your descendants + +"Yahweh will send terrible plagues on you and your descendants" or "Yahweh will make sure that you and your descendants suffer from terrible plagues" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/60.md b/deu/28/60.md index 8692024010..d09c085e43 100644 --- a/deu/28/60.md +++ b/deu/28/60.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# He will bring on you again all the diseases of Egypt -* **they will cling to you** - This means the diseases will not stop, and no one will be able to heal them. -* **that is not written** - AT: "that I have not written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **until you are destroyed** - AT: "until he has destroyed you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you were like the stars of the heavens in number** - This means that in the past there were many Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **to the voice of Yahweh** - AT: "to what Yahweh says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "He will make sure that you again suffer from the diseases of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they will cling to you + +This is an idiom. AT: "the diseases will not stop, and no one will be able to heal you of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# every sickness and plague that is not written + +Here "every" is a generalization that means "many." This can be stated in active form. AT: "even other sicknesses and plagues that I have not written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# until you are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until he has destroyed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will be left ... you were like ... you did not listen + +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you were like the stars of the heavens in number + +This means that in the past there were many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# to the voice of Yahweh + +Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" refers to what Yahweh says. AT: "to what Yahweh says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/63.md b/deu/28/63.md index 1ca6533e9d..3b6f5c4475 100644 --- a/deu/28/63.md +++ b/deu/28/63.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh once rejoiced over you ... multiplying you ... rejoice over you in making you perish and in destroying you. You will be plucked -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh once rejoiced over you in doing you good, and in multiplying you -* **You will be plucked off the land that you are going into to possess** - AT: "He will remove you from the land which you are entering to possess" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth** - AT: "throughout the earth" or "all over the earth" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"Yahweh once enjoyed doing you good and causing you to become many" + +# he will rejoice over you in making you perish + +"he will enjoy making you die" + +# You will be plucked off the land that you are going into to possess + +Moses uses a metaphor to speak of the people as though they were fruit that Yahweh would take off a bush. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will remove you from the land which you are entering to possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are going ... scatter you ... you will worship ... you have not known ... you nor your ancestors + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth + +These two extremes together mean everywhere on earth. AT: "throughout the earth" or "all over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/65.md b/deu/28/65.md index eee5cdd944..d3a061f06a 100644 --- a/deu/28/65.md +++ b/deu/28/65.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feet -* **there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feet** - AT: "you will have to continually wander because you have no permanent home where you can rest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, and eyes that fail to see, and a heart that mourns** - AT: "Yahweh will cause you to be afraid, hopeless, and sad" -* **Your life will hang in doubt before you** - AT: "You will not know whether you will live or die" +Here the phrase "the bottoms of your feet" refer to the whole person. AT: "you will have to continually wander because you have no permanent home where you can rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, failing eyes, and a soul that mourns + +This is an idiom. AT: "Yahweh will cause you to be afraid, without hope, and sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Your life will hang in doubt before you + +This is an idiom. AT: "You will not know whether you will live or die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/67.md b/deu/28/67.md index 4cdccd4a2b..cb9e076699 100644 --- a/deu/28/67.md +++ b/deu/28/67.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# because of the fear in your hearts -* **the things your eyes will have to see** - AT: "the terrifying things you will see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I had said** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. +This is an idiom. AT: "because of the fear you are feeling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the things your eyes will have to see + +Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "the terrifying things I will force you to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I had said + +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/intro.md b/deu/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2bfbec8ba2 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessings and warnings ##### +This chapter explains some of the blessings and warnings associated with Israel's obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/01.md b/deu/29/01.md index 4008563a42..4b7af10633 100644 --- a/deu/29/01.md +++ b/deu/29/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# These are the words that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:horeb|Horeb]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This refers to words that Moses is about to speak. -## translationNotes +# in the land of Moab -* **These are the words that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell** - This refers to words that Moses is about to speak. -* **land of Moab** - This is on the east side of the Jordan before the people entered the land of Canaan. -* **words that were added to the covenant...at Horeb** - These additional commands were given to make Yahweh's covenant apply better to the people once they were settled in their new land. These new commands did not belong to a different covenant at all. +This is on the east side of the Jordan where the Israelites were staying before they entered the land of Canaan. "while they were in the land of Moab" + +# words that were added to the covenant ... at Horeb + +These additional commands were given to make Yahweh's covenant apply better to the people once they were settled in their new land. These new commands did not belong to a different covenant, but rather were additions to the original covenant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/02.md b/deu/29/02.md index 3610134a4b..0eaf2c266d 100644 --- a/deu/29/02.md +++ b/deu/29/02.md @@ -1,28 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyes -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle|miracle, wonder, sign]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] +Yahweh expected them to remember what Yahweh had done and they had seen it. Here the "eyes" represent the whole person and emphasize what the person has seen. AT: "You have seen all that Yahweh did so that you would see and remember what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the great sufferings that your eyes saw -* **You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyes** - AT: "You have seen all that Yahweh did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the great sufferings that your eyes saw** - AT: "the great sufferings that you saw" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the signs, and those great wonders** - AT: "and all the works of God's power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, eyes to see, or ears to hear** - The people do have hearts, eyes, and ears. This means God has not let them understand what all of these things really mean. -* **a heart to know** - AT: "a mind to know" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "eyes" emphasizes that Yahweh expected them to remember that they had seen it. AT: "you saw for yourselves that the people suffered terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your eyes + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "your" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the signs, and those great wonders + +The words "signs" and "wonders" both refer to the plagues that Yahweh had sent upon Egypt. AT: "and all of the powerful things that Yahweh did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, eyes to see, or ears to hear + +The people do have hearts, eyes, and ears. This metonym says that Yahweh has not enabled them to understand from what they saw and heard who Yahweh is, and how and why they should obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# given you a heart to know + +This is an idiom. AT: "enabled you to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/05.md b/deu/29/05.md index 49c51b3052..3afb15f82c 100644 --- a/deu/29/05.md +++ b/deu/29/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I have led you -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:sandal|sandal]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# forty years -* **I have led you** - Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **forty years** - "40 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **You did not eat any bread nor drink any wine or alcoholic drinks** - Instead of eating and drinking these things, Yahweh provided food and drink for the people through his miraculous powers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# your sandals ... your feet + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "your" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# other alcoholic drinks + +Alcoholic drinks made probably from fermented grains. They were not distilled liquors. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/07.md b/deu/29/07.md index d72e6e9805..f994475d0d 100644 --- a/deu/29/07.md +++ b/deu/29/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Sihon, the king of Heshbon, and Og, the king of Bashan -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gad|Gad]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance, heritage]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:reuben|Reuben]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). -## translationNotes +# came out against us -* **Sihon, the king of Heshbon, and Og, the king of Bashan** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:03]]. -* **came out against us** - Here "us" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **keep the words of this covenant and do them** - Here "keep" and "do" mean basically the same thing. AT: "obey all the words of this covenant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "us" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# keep the words of this covenant and do them + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people were to obey Yahweh's commands. AT: "obey all the words of this covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/10.md b/deu/29/10.md index 4e0273b133..fc334d922e 100644 --- a/deu/29/10.md +++ b/deu/29/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:chief|chief]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# among you in your camp ... your wood ... your water -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the foreigner who is among you in your camp, from him who cuts your wood to him who draws + +There were many foreigners among the Israelites. AT: "the foreigners who are among you in your camp, from those who cut your wood to those who get your water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/12.md b/deu/29/12.md index d22ad683f4..6d1078bc7d 100644 --- a/deu/29/12.md +++ b/deu/29/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:abraham|Abraham, Abram]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:isaac|Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# to enter into the covenant of Yahweh your God and into the oath that Yahweh your God is making with you today -* **to enter into the covenant of Yahweh your God and into the oath that Yahweh your God is making with you today** - "to agree to the covenant and to swear that you will obey all that Yahweh your God commands" -* **so that he may make you today into a people for himself** - This covenant makes the people of Israel distinct in their relationship to God. +"to agree to the covenant and to swear that you will obey all that Yahweh your God commands" + +# a people for himself + +"a people group that belongs to him alone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/14.md b/deu/29/14.md index 1298f2571e..70cdfb190a 100644 --- a/deu/29/14.md +++ b/deu/29/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I am making -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. "Yahweh is making" -## translationNotes +# standing here with us -* **I am making** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **standing here with us** - Here "us" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. -* **those who are not here with us today** - This refers to their future descendants. -* **You know how we lived in the land of Egypt** - Moses is referring to what happened to the Israelites about 40 years earlier. +Here "us" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. + +# those who are not here + +"our future descendants, who are not here" + +# we lived + +"we were slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/17.md b/deu/29/17.md index f37af7a5bf..098dc1f237 100644 --- a/deu/29/17.md +++ b/deu/29/17.md @@ -1,40 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our God -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Here "heart" refers to the whole person, and "turning away" means to stop obeying. AT: "who no longer obeys Yahweh our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# any root that produces gall and wormwood -* **whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our God** - AT: "who stops following Yahweh our God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **be among you any root that produces gall and wormwood** - The words "gall and wormwood" refer to a poisonous and bitter plant. Moses means that if the people worship other gods it will cause the death and destruction of the Israelites. AT: "be among you any person who worships idols which is like eating a poisonous plant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bless himself in his heart** - AT: "congratulate himself" or "encourage himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart** - AT: "even though I still refuse to obey Yahweh" -* **This would destroy the wet together with the dry** - Here "wet" and "dry" are used together to mean everyone and everything in Israel. AT: "This would cause Yahweh to destroy everyone in the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Moses speaks of someone who secretly worships another God as if he were a root, and the evil deeds he does to serve that god, and which he encourages others to do, as a bitter plant that poisons people. AT: "any person who worships idols and causes others to disobey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that person + +The person described in verse 18. + +# bless himself in his heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "congratulate himself" or "encourage himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "even though I still refuse to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# This would destroy the wet together with the dry + +Here the words "wet" and "dry" are metaphors for the righteous people and the wicked people. This forms a merism for "everyone." AT: "This would cause Yahweh to destroy both the righteous people and the wicked people in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# wet ... dry + +These nominal adjectives can be translated as nouns. Because the land was usually dry and the people needed rain so their crops would grow, these words are metaphors for "living ... dead" or "good ... bad." AT: "wet things ... dry things" or "good people ... bad people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/20.md b/deu/29/20.md index 4f174a9b1e..754810f948 100644 --- a/deu/29/20.md +++ b/deu/29/20.md @@ -1,29 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy will smolder -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:blotout|blot out, wipe out]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous, jealousy]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:pardon|pardon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +Just as a fire can grow in intensity, so can God's anger and Jealousy grow in intensity. AT: "Yahweh's jealous anger will grow like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy -* **the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy will smolder** - Moses compares Yahweh's intense anger to a smoldering fire. This emphasizes God's power to destroy his enemies. AT: "Yahweh's jealous anger will grow like a fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that are written** - "that I have written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Yahweh will blot out his name from under heaven** - This means God will completely destroy the person and his familay. In the future people will not remember him. See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:deu:07:23]]. +Here the word "jealousy" describes "the anger of Yahweh." AT: Yahweh's jealous anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# that are written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the curses that are written in this book will come on him + +Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:15](../28/15.md). AT: "Yahweh will curse him with the curses written in this book in ways that will completely surprise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Yahweh will blot out his name from under heaven + +This means God will completely destroy the person and his family. In the future people will not remember him. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/23.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/22.md b/deu/29/22.md index c8ca384c86..7d2ee335c8 100644 --- a/deu/29/22.md +++ b/deu/29/22.md @@ -1,38 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The generation to come, your children who will rise up after you -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah|Gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:sodom|Sodom]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur|sulfur]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +The words "your children ... after you" tell who "the generation to come" is. -## translationNotes +# the plagues on this land and the diseases with which Yahweh has made it sick -* **The generation to come, your children who will rise up after you** - These phrases mean the same thing. AT: "Your descendants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the plagues on this land and the diseases with which Yahweh has made it sick** - AT: "the plagues and disasters with which Yahweh struck the land of Canaan" -* **when they see that the whole land has become sulfur and burning salt** - People put sulfur and salt on the soil to keep anything from growing. AT: "when they see that Yahweh has burned the land with sulfur and salt" -* **where nothing is sown nor bears fruit** - AT: "where no one can sow seed or grow crops" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah** - The punishment on Israel will be similar to the punishment on the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. -* **Admah and Zeboiim** - These are names of cities that Yahweh destroyed along with Sodom and Gomorrah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they will say together with all the other nations** - AT: "your descendants and the people of all the other nations will say" -* **What does the heat of this great anger mean?** - AT: "What does this terrible anger mean?" +"how God cursed the land of Canaan with plagues and disease" + +# when they see that the whole land has become sulfur and burning salt + +People put sulfur and salt on the soil to keep anything from growing. "when they see that Yahweh has burned the land with sulfur and salt" + +# where nothing is sown or bears fruit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where no one can sow seed and the crops do not bear fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah + +The abstract noun "overthrow" can be translated as a clause. AT: "as when Yahweh completely destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah" + +# Admah and Zeboyim + +These are names of cities that Yahweh destroyed along with Sodom and Gomorrah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in his anger and wrath + +The abstract nouns "anger" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and can be translated as an adjective phrase. AT: "when he was very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they will say together with all the other nations ... mean? + +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "they will ask with all the other nations why Yahweh has done this to the land, and what the heat of this great anger means." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# they will say together with all the other nations + +"your descendants and the people of all the other nations will say" + +# What does the heat of this great anger mean? + +The writer is communicating one idea through two words. AT: "What does this terrible anger mean?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/25.md b/deu/29/25.md index 412df38148..4054a127cf 100644 --- a/deu/29/25.md +++ b/deu/29/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# It is because they abandoned the covenant of Yahweh, the God of their ancestors -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is the answer to "Why has Yahweh done this to this land?" ([Deuteronomy 29:24](./22.md)). "Yahweh has done this to the land because the Israelites did not follow the promises and the laws of his covenant" -## translationNotes +# served other gods and bowed down to them -* **It is because they abandoned the covenant of Yahweh, the God of their ancestors** - AT: "Yahweh was angry because the Israelites did not follow the promises and the laws of his covenant" +"obeyed other gods and worshiped them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/27.md b/deu/29/27.md index 761432ae73..ef1d5b2731 100644 --- a/deu/29/27.md +++ b/deu/29/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the anger of Yahweh has been kindled against this land -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +Moses compares Yahweh being angry to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God's power to destroy whatever makes him angry, and it can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has became very angry with this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# this land, so as to bring on it -* **the anger of Yahweh has been kindled against this land** - Moses compares Yahweh's anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God's power to destroy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that are written** - AT: "that Moses wrote" -* **Yahweh has uprooted them from their land...and has thrown them** - Israel is compared to a bad plant that is pulled up and thrown out of a garden. AT: "Yahweh has removed them from their land...and has forced them" -* **in anger, in wrath, and in great fury** - These words have similar meaning; they are placed together to show God's extreme anger. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "land" is a metonym representing the people. AT: "the people of this land, so as to bring on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that are written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh has uprooted them from their land ... and has thrown them + +Israel is compared to a bad plant that Yahweh has pulled up and thrown out of a garden. AT: "Yahweh has removed them from their land ... and has forced them to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in anger, in wrath, and in great fury + +The words "anger" and "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the great intensity of Yahweh's anger. AT: "in extremely great anger" or "because he was extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/29.md b/deu/29/29.md index 57c9758616..b4adc30290 100644 --- a/deu/29/29.md +++ b/deu/29/29.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The secret matters belong alone to Yahweh our God -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +"Some things Yahweh our God has not revealed, and only he knows them" -## translationNotes +# that are revealed -* **The secret matters belong alone to Yahweh our God** - AT: "Some things Yahweh our God has not revealed, and only he knows them" -* **that are revealed** - AT: "that he has revealed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he has revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we may do all the words of this law + +"we may do everything that this law commands us to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/intro.md b/deu/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3f13b7860b --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Deuteronomy 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/01.md b/deu/30/01.md index 0d0968e491..289d719a45 100644 --- a/deu/30/01.md +++ b/deu/30/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# When all these things have come on you -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **When all these things have come on you** - "When all these things happen to you" -* **that I have set before you** - "that I have just now told you" -* **call them to mind** - AT: "remember them" -* **among all the other nations** - AT: "while you are living in the other nations" -* **has driven you** - AT: "has forced you to go" -* **obey his voice** - AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **with all your heart and with all your soul** - AT: "with complete commitment" or "with you entire self" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Yahweh your God will reverse your captivity** - "Yahweh your God will free you from your captivity" +Here "these things" refer to the blessings and curses described in chapters 28-29. The phrase "have come on you" is an idiom that means to happen. AT: "When all these things happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that I have set before you + +This speaks of the blessings and curses that Moses told the people as if they were objects that he set in front of them. AT: "that I have just now told you about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# call them to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "remember them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# among all the other nations + +"while you are living in the other nations" + +# has driven you + +"has forced you to go" + +# obey his voice + +Here "voice" is referring to what Yahweh says. AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with all your heart and with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# reverse your captivity + +"free you from your captivity." The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. AT: "free you from those who had captured you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/04.md b/deu/30/04.md index 63d1c3e6b1..ad44877650 100644 --- a/deu/30/04.md +++ b/deu/30/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:exile|exile, the Exile]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:promisedland]] -* [[en:tw:promisedland|land, Promised Land]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# If any of your exiled people are in the farthest places -* **under the heavens** - AT: "under the sky" or "on the earth" +"Even those of your exiled people who are in the farthest places" + +# under the heavens + +"under the sky" or "on the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/06.md b/deu/30/06.md index 1a34c4fed3..53f14f7b0f 100644 --- a/deu/30/06.md +++ b/deu/30/06.md @@ -1,29 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|enemy, adversary]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise|circumcise, circumcision]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:persecute|persecute, persecution]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# circumcise your heart -* **circumcise your heart** - This is not a literal removal of flesh. It means God will remove their sin and enable them to love and obey him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **with all your heart and with all your soul** - These basically mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "with complete commitment" or "completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **obey the voice of Yahweh** - AT: "obey what Yahweh says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is not a literal removal of flesh. It means God will remove their sin and enable them to love and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with all your heart and with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# obey the voice of Yahweh + +Here "voice" means what Yahweh says. AT: "obey what Yahweh says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will put all these curses on your enemies + +Moses speaks of curses as though they were a load or a cover that someone could physically put on top of a person. AT: "will cause your enemies to suffer from these curses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/09.md b/deu/30/09.md index 6c9ce9fbba..1cf9b0b7d0 100644 --- a/deu/30/09.md +++ b/deu/30/09.md @@ -1,29 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|commandments, command]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the work of your hand -* **the work of your hand** - "in all the work you do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in the fruit of your body** - AT: "in children" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in the fruit of your cattle** - AT: "in calves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in the fruit of your ground** - AT: "in crops" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that are written** - AT: "that I have written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all your heart and all your soul** - AT: "with complete commitment" or "completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "hand" refers to the whole person. AT: "in all the work you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in the fruit of your body ... in the fruit of your cattle ... in the fruit of your ground + +These three phrases are idioms for "in children ... in calves ... in crops." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that are written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with all your heart and all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/11.md b/deu/30/11.md index 0254aadb73..8b697db633 100644 --- a/deu/30/11.md +++ b/deu/30/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# neither is it too far for you to reach -* **neither is it too far for you to reach** - This means it is not too difficult for a person to know what Yahweh wants his people to do. -* **Who will go up for us to heaven and bring it down to us and make us able to hear it, so that we may do it?** - Moses describes an Israelite using this question. The Israelite would be emphasizing that he thinks God's commands are too difficult to know. AT: "Someone must travel to heaven to learn God's commands and then return to tell us what they are" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Moses speaks of being able to understand what a commandment requires a person to do as if it were that person being able to reach a physical object. AT: "neither is it too difficult for you to understand what Yahweh requires you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who will go up for us to heaven and bring it down to us and make us able to hear it, so that we may do it? + +Here Moses uses a rhetorical question to emphasize that the people of Israel think that Yahweh's commands are too difficult for them to know. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Someone must travel to heaven to learn God's commands and then return to tell us what they are so we can obey them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/13.md b/deu/30/13.md index 2cbcce1c3d..3579456a1b 100644 --- a/deu/30/13.md +++ b/deu/30/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Who will go over the sea for us and bring it to us and make us to hear it, so that we may do it? -* **Who will go over the sea for us and bring it to us and make us to hear it, so that we may do it?** - AT: “Someone must travel across the sea to learn God's commands and then return and tell us what they are” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **in your mouth and your heart** - These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people already know God's commands and can speak them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This rhetorical question continues the idea that the people of Israel think Yahweh's commands are too difficult to know. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Someone must travel across the sea to learn God's commands and then return and tell us what they are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in your mouth and your heart + +This means that the people already know God's commands and can tell them to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/15.md b/deu/30/15.md index 0fb64bd033..7db068d1ef 100644 --- a/deu/30/15.md +++ b/deu/30/15.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:ordinance]] -* [[en:tw:ordinance|ordinance]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# I have placed before you -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I have placed before you** - AT: "I have told you about" -* **life and good, death and evil** - AT: "what is good and will cause you to live, and what is evil and will cause you to die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **and multiply** - AT: "and have many descendants" +Putting something where another person can see it is a metaphor for telling someone about something. AT: "I have told you about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# life and good, death and evil + +You can make clear the implicit information. AT: "what is good and will cause you to live, and what is evil and will cause you to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# multiply + +"have many descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/17.md b/deu/30/17.md index 06a3608e4e..bf958a7cc7 100644 --- a/deu/30/17.md +++ b/deu/30/17.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# if your heart turns away ... but instead are drawn away and bow down to other gods and worship them -* **if your heart turns away** - AT: "if you turn away from following God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but instead is drawn away, and if it bows down to other gods and worships them** - AT: "but instead the people living in the land convince you to bow down and worship other gods" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "heart" refers to the whole person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "if you stop being loyal to God ... and the people living in the land convince you to bow down and worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to you today that you ... you will not prolong your days + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/19.md b/deu/30/19.md index 12cf0420ea..0a105a8407 100644 --- a/deu/30/19.md +++ b/deu/30/19.md @@ -1,32 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:abraham|Abraham, Abram]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:isaac|Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# I call heaven and earth to witness -* **I call heaven and earth to witness** - Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who dwell in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **obey his voice** - AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and to cling to him** - "and to rely on him" -* **For he is your life and the length of your days** - This means that Yahweh is the one who can give the Israelites a long life. +Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# to witness against you + +"to be willing to say that you have done evil things" + +# against you today + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# obey his voice + +Here "voice" refers to what Yahweh says. AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to cling to him + +"to rely on him" + +# For he is your life and the length of your days + +These phrases have the same meaning and are metonyms for Yahweh, emphasizing that he is the one who gives life and determines the length of people's lifetimes. AT: "Yahweh is the only one who can enable you to live a long life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# swore to your ancestors + +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "swore that he would give to your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/intro.md b/deu/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dd4243fddc --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Deuteronomy 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Moses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the people's obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/01.md b/deu/31/01.md index 0d042ec60e..bea4d26db5 100644 --- a/deu/31/01.md +++ b/deu/31/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# one hundred twenty years old -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"120 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# I can no more go out and come in -* **one hundred twenty years old** - "120 years old" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **I can no more go out and come in** - "I am no longer able to go everywhere that you need to go, so I cannot be your leader any longer" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **you will dispossess them** - AT: "you will take their land" -* **Joshua, he will go over before you, as Yahweh has spoken** - AT: "Joshua will lead you across the river, as Yahweh promised" +Here the extremes "go out" and "come in" used together mean that Moses can no longer do what a healthy person can do. AT: "I am no longer able to go everywhere that you need to go, so I cannot be your leader any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# your God ... before you ... before you ... you will dispossess ... before you + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you will dispossess them + +"you will take their land" + +# Joshua, he will go over before you, as Yahweh has spoken + +"Joshua will lead you across the river, as Yahweh promised" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/04.md b/deu/31/04.md index e51da5c7d2..1d76891e55 100644 --- a/deu/31/04.md +++ b/deu/31/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh, dread]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites -* **he did to Sihon and to Og** - AT: "he did to Sihon and Og and their armies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:deu:01:03]]. -* **Be strong and of good courage** - "Be strong and courageous" -* **fear not, and do not be afraid of them** - Moses repeats this for emphasis. AT: "and do not fear them at all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **he will not fail you** - AT: "he will always fulfill his promise to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here "Sihon" and "Og" refer to two Kings of the Amorites and their armies. See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). AT: "he did to Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites, and to their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Be strong and of good courage + +"Be strong and courageous" + +# fear not, and do not be afraid of them + +"do not fear them at all" + +# Yahweh your God ... with you ... fail you nor forsake you + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# he will not fail you nor forsake you + +This can be treated as litotes and translated positively. AT: "he will always fulfill his promise to you and will always be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/07.md b/deu/31/07.md index 1c2775212d..7f6cbb026b 100644 --- a/deu/31/07.md +++ b/deu/31/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance, heritage]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# in the sight of all Israel -* **in the sight of all Israel** - "in the presence of all the Israelites" -* **you will cause them to inherit it** - AT: "you will help them take possession of the land" +This means that all of the people of Israel were present. AT: "in the presence of all the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Be strong and of good courage + +"Be strong and courageous." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](./04.md). + +# you will cause them to inherit it + +"you will help them take the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/09.md b/deu/31/09.md index 1c0c6945e5..35e849c41a 100644 --- a/deu/31/09.md +++ b/deu/31/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# gave it out to the priests, the sons of Levi -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees, ark of the testimony, ark of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] +"gave it out to the Levites, who are the priests" -## translationNotes +# seven years -* **gave it out to the priests, the sons of Levi** - AT: "gave it out to the Levites, who are the priests" -* **seven years** - "7 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **fixed for the cancellation of debts** - AT: "for canceling debts" -* **Festival of Shelters** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:16:13]]. -* **in their hearing** - AT: "so that they can hear it" +"7 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fixed for the cancellation of debts + +"for canceling debts" + +# Festival of Shelters + +Other names for this festival are "Feast of Tabernacles," "Festival of Booths," and "Feast of the Ingathering." During harvest, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 16:13](../16/13.md). + +# Yahweh your God ... you will read + +- Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# in their hearing + +"so that they can hear it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/12.md b/deu/31/12.md index b92d59283a..13a69e491a 100644 --- a/deu/31/12.md +++ b/deu/31/12.md @@ -1,26 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly, assemble]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Moses continues speaking to the priests and the elders. -## translationNotes +# your foreigner who is within your city gates -* Moses continues speaking to the priests and the elders. -* **your foreigner who is within your city gates** - AT: "your foreigners who live in your cites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **keep all the words of this Law** - carefully follow, obey or observe the words of this Law +Here "city gates" represents the cities themselves. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the instances of "your" here are singular. AT: "your foreigners who live in your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# keep all the words of this law + +"carefully obey all the commands in this law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/14.md b/deu/31/14.md index c32b2aa208..3d3d0b1607 100644 --- a/deu/31/14.md +++ b/deu/31/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Look, the -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +"Pay attention to what I am about to tell you. The" -## translationNotes +# a pillar of cloud -* **a pillar of cloud** - This was a thick cloud of smoke in the shape of an upright column. +This was a thick cloud of smoke in the shape of an upright column. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/16.md b/deu/31/16.md index d1e3633c95..ad7a6344e8 100644 --- a/deu/31/16.md +++ b/deu/31/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Look, you -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:sleep|sleep, asleep, fall asleep]] +"Pay attention to what I am going to tell you. You" -## translationNotes +# you will sleep with your fathers -* **you will sleep with your fathers** - AT: "you will die and join your ancestors who have died before you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **will rise up and act like prostitutes** - This means the Israelites will start to be unfaithful to Yahweh after Moses dies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This is a polite way to say "you will die." AT: "you will die and join your ancestors who have died before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# will rise up and act like a prostitute + +Being a prostitute is a metaphor for worshiping gods other than Yahweh. AT: "will start to be unfaithful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/17.md b/deu/31/17.md index 23891c2fba..ecc90d39ad 100644 --- a/deu/31/17.md +++ b/deu/31/17.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, other god]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# my anger will be kindled against them -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **my anger will be kindled against them** - Yahweh compares his anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God's power to destroy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I will hide my face from them** - AT: "I will not help them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they will be devoured** - AT: "I will destroy them" or "I will allow their enemies to destroy them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Many disasters and troubles will find them** - AT: "They will experience many disasters and troubles" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Have these disasters not found me because our God is not in my midst?** - AT: "These things are destroying me because God is no longer protecting me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh compares his anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God's power to destroy whatever makes him angry. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will kindle my anger against them" or "I will become angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will hide my face from them + +This is an idiom. AT: "I will not help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they will be devoured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will devour them" or "I will allow their enemies to devour them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# devoured + +This is a metaphor for "completely destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Many disasters and troubles will find them + +This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. AT: "They will experience many disasters and troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Have these disasters not come upon us ... midst? + +This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "These disasters are destroying me ... midst." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# our God is not in our midst + +"God is no longer protecting us" or "God has left us alone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/19.md b/deu/31/19.md index 011ac9ed84..977082c545 100644 --- a/deu/31/19.md +++ b/deu/31/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|other god, false god]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather, ancestor]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:honey|honey, honeycomb]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses about the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# Put it in their mouths -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **Put it in their mouths** - AT: "Make them memorize and sing it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:06:03]]. +This is an idiom. AT: "Make them memorize and sing it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +This is an idiom. AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/21.md b/deu/31/21.md index 4de6b93d29..7f7185b27e 100644 --- a/deu/31/21.md +++ b/deu/31/21.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When many evils and troubles come upon this people -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testimony, testify]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +Here evils and troubles are described as if they were human and could find people. AT: "When this people experiences many evils and troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# this song will testify before them as a witness -* **When many evils and troubles find this people** - AT: "When this people experiences many evils and troubles" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **this song will testify before it as a witness** - This speaks of the song as if it were a human witness testifying in court against Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **it will not be forgotten out of the mouths of their descendants** - AT: "their descendants will remember this song" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This speaks of the song as if it were a human witness testifying in court against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their descendants will not forget to keep it in their mouths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants + +This can be stated positively. AT: "their descendants will remember to keep it in their mouths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants + +The idiom "forget it from the mouth" means to stop speaking about it. AT: "their descendants will not stop speaking about it to each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the plans that they are forming + +What people plan to do is spoken of as if it were a physical object. AT: "what they plan to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land that I promised + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "the land that I promised I would give to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/22.md b/deu/31/22.md index 8522b62192..e902315ef4 100644 --- a/deu/31/22.md +++ b/deu/31/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Be strong and of good courage -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **of good courage** - AT: "courageous" +"Be strong and courageous." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/24.md b/deu/31/24.md index cdb868546e..4c4b84cbe3 100644 --- a/deu/31/24.md +++ b/deu/31/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# witness against you -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees, ark of the testimony, ark of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testimony, testify]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] - -## translationNotes - -* **witness against you** - Here "you" refers to all of the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Moses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/27.md b/deu/31/27.md index 0f6ce03250..45c180559a 100644 --- a/deu/31/27.md +++ b/deu/31/27.md @@ -1,38 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|anger, angry]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly, assemble]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt|corrupt, corruption]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked|stiff-necked, stubborn]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Moses continues speaking to the Levites about all the Israelite people. -## translationNotes +# your rebellion and your stiff neck -* Moses continues speaking to the Levites about all the Israelite people. -* **how much more after my death?** - AT: "you will be even more rebellious after I die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **so that I may speak these words in their ears** - AT: "so that I may speak the words of this song to them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **call heaven and earth to witness against them** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:deu:30:19]]. -* **turn away from the path that I have commanded you** - AT: "stop following the instructions I have given to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **through the work of your hands** - AT: "because of what you have done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Moses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word "your" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your stiff neck + +See how you translated "stubborn" in [Deuteronomy 9:6](../09/06.md). + +# how much more after my death? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes how rebellious the people were. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "you will be even more rebellious after I die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# so that I may speak these words in their ears + +Here "in their ears" means the people themselves. AT: "so that I may speak the words of this song to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# call heaven and earth to witness against them + +Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# you will utterly corrupt yourselves + +"you will do what is completely wrong." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/15.md). + +# turn aside out of the path that I have commanded you + +"stop following the instructions I have given to you." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/11.md). + +# what is evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what is evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through the work of your hands + +Here "your hands" means the people themselves. AT: "because of what you have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/30.md b/deu/31/30.md index 77fcd63394..f648333348 100644 --- a/deu/31/30.md +++ b/deu/31/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "ears" refers to the whole person. AT: "Moses recited to all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# recited -* **Moses sang in the ears of all the assembly of Israel** - AT: "Moses sang this song to all the assembly of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the words of this song** - "the words of the song that Yahweh taught him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "sang" or 2) "spoke." + +# the words of this song + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "the words of the song that Yahweh taught him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/intro.md b/deu/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..11a6e61cc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 31 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Final instructions ##### +In the Ancient Near East, it was common for an important leader to give instructions for his people to follow after his death. In this chapter, Moses begins his final words to the people of Israel. These are words that he wants them to remember long after he is gone. This section also helped to make a smooth transition to Joshua's leadership. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/01.md b/deu/32/01.md index 61fb519d01..cb3804f9ff 100644 --- a/deu/32/01.md +++ b/deu/32/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Give ear, you heavens ... Let the earth listen -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Give ear, you heavens...Let the earth listen** - Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **Let my teaching drop down like the rain...and like the showers on the plants** - This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **distill like the dew** - "descend like the dew" -* **tender grass** - AT: "new plants" +Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Let my teaching drop down like the rain ... and like the showers on the plants + +This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# distill + +Use the word in your language for the process by which dew appears. + +# dew + +water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings + +# tender grass + +"new plants" + +# showers + +heavy rain \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/03.md b/deu/32/03.md index b4132059fa..60840333c8 100644 --- a/deu/32/03.md +++ b/deu/32/03.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:perfect|perfect]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# proclaim the name of Yahweh -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the name of Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh's reputation" or "Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **ascribe greatness to our God** - AT: "declare the greatness of our God" -* **The Rock** - The word “Rock” refers to Yahweh who is strong and able to protect his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **all his paths are just** - "all his ways are just" or "all he does is just" -* **He is just and upright** - "He is fair and does what is right" +This is an idiom. "tell how good Yahweh is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# ascribe greatness to our God + +"make sure people know that our God is great" + +# The Rock + +This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his work + +"everything he does" + +# all his paths are just + +Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. AT: "he does everything in a just way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He is just and upright + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is fair and does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/05.md b/deu/32/05.md index 1e3c79e41a..b762556928 100644 --- a/deu/32/05.md +++ b/deu/32/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# acted corruptly against him -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **a perverted and crooked generation** - The words "perverted" and "crooked" mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize how wicked the generation is. AT: “a completely wicked generation” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Do you reward Yahweh in this way, you foolish and senseless people? Is he not your father, the one who has created you? he made you and established you.** - AT: "You should give to Yahweh proper praise. In refusing to do so, you show yourselves to be utterly foolish and without sense. Yahweh indeed is the one who gave you life and placed you on this earth for a purpose. He indeed has made you successful" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"opposed him by doing what is wrong." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 04:16](../04/15.md). + +# a perverted and crooked generation + +The words "perverted" and "crooked" mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize how wicked the generation is. AT: "a completely wicked generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Do you reward Yahweh in this way ... people? + +Moses uses a question to scold the people. AT: "You should give Yahweh proper praise ... people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you foolish and senseless people + +The words "foolish" and "senseless" mean the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for disobeying Yahweh. AT: "you extremely foolish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your father ... has created you ... made you and established you + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. + +# Is he not your father, the one who has created you? + +Moses uses a question to scold the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh is your father and the one who created you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/07.md b/deu/32/07.md index ee67fd7725..ad3d505be0 100644 --- a/deu/32/07.md +++ b/deu/32/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:age]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Call to mind ... think about ... your father ... show you ... your elders ... tell you -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Call to mind** - AT: "Remember" -* **days of ancient times** - Moses refers to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. AT: "days of long ago" -* **think about the years of many ages past** - This is a repetition of what Moses just said in the previous portion. Moses wants the people of Israel to focus on their history as a nation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and he set the boundaries of the peoples, as he also fixed the number of their gods** - God assigned each people, together with its gods, to its own territory. In this way, he limited the influence of a people group's idols. But he made the Israelites his own people. Ancient versions differ on how to read this passage, so modern versions differ also. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "Remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# days of ancient times + +"days of long ago." Moses refers to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. + +# think about the years of many ages past + +This is a repetition of what Moses just said in the previous portion. Moses wants the people of Israel to focus on their history as a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he will show you + +"he will make it clear to you" or "he will enable you to understand it" + +# gave the nations their inheritance + +This is an idiom. "put the nations in the places where they would live." Similar words, "giving to you as an inheritance," appear in [Deuteronomy 4:21](../04/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he set the boundaries of the peoples, as he also fixed the number of their gods + +God assigned each people group, together with its gods, to its own territory. In this way, he limited the influence of a people group's idols. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/09.md b/deu/32/09.md index be4846a0d9..46db0871ec 100644 --- a/deu/32/09.md +++ b/deu/32/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. As he speaks to the Israelites, he talks about them as if they were someone else and as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For Yahweh's portion is his people; Jacob is his apportioned inheritance -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Jacob is his apportioned inheritance** - This means the same as the first part of the sentence. AT: "The descendants of Jacob are his inheritance" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He found him in a desert land** - Here "him" refers to the people of Israel. -* **howling wilderness** - Here "howling" refers to the sound the wind makes as it blows through the empty land. -* **he guarded him as the apple of his eye** - The apple of an eye refers to the dark part inside the eyeball that allows a person to see. This is a very important and sensitive part of the body. This means that the people of Israel are very important to God and something he protects. AT: “He protected the people of Israel as something most valuable and precious” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +These two phrases means basically the same thing and and can be combined. AT: "The descendants of Jacob are Yahweh's inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He found him ... shielded him and cared for him ... guarded him + +"He found Jacob ... shielded him and cared for him ... guarded him" You may need to translate this as if Moses were talking about the Israelites as many people. AT: "He found our ancestors ... shielded them and cared for them ... guarded them" + +# howling wilderness + +Here "howling" refers to the sound the wind makes as it blows through the empty land. + +# he guarded him as the apple of his eye + +This is an idiom. The apple of an eye refers to the dark part inside the eyeball that allows a person to see. This is a very important and sensitive part of the body. This means that the people of Israel are very important to God and something he protects. AT: "he protected him as something very valuable and precious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/11.md b/deu/32/11.md index 8fc22333d2..acdf4106d4 100644 --- a/deu/32/11.md +++ b/deu/32/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:eagle|eagle]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# As an eagle that guards her nest and flutters over her young, Yahweh spread out his wings and took them, and carried them on his pinions -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **As an eagle that guards her nest and flutters over her young, Yahweh spread out his wings and took them, and carried them on his pinions** - This means Yahweh watched over and protected his people while they were in the desert. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **pinions** - the outer edges of a bird's wings -* **Yahweh alone led him** - Here "him" refers to the people of Israel. +This means Yahweh watched over and protected the Israelites while they were in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# pinions + +the outer edges of a bird's wings + +# led him ... with him + +Moses again speaks of the Israelites as "Jacob" ([Deuteronomy 32:9-10](./09.md)). You may need to translate as if Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. AT: "led them ... with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/13.md b/deu/32/13.md index 90336f3ba1..69116b7c4e 100644 --- a/deu/32/13.md +++ b/deu/32/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# He made him ride on high places of the land -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He made him ride on the heights of the land** - The word "him" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh made them ride on the high places of the land" or "Yahweh helped them take possession of the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he fed them the fruits of the field** - This means that Yahweh brought them to a land with lots of produce they could eat. -* **He nourished him with honey from the rock and oil from the flinty crag** - The land had many wild bees with hives inside rock holes. And also olive trees, which grow on rocks, hills and mountains. AT: "He provided honey for them from the rock and oil from the stony ground" +This is an idiom. The word "him" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh made them ride on high places of the land" or "Yahweh helped them take and occupy the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# made him ride ... fed him ... nourished him + +Moses continues to speak of the Israelites as "Jacob" ([Deuteronomy 32:9-10](./09.md)). You may need to translate this as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. "made our ancestors ride ... fed them ... nourished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# he fed him the fruits of the field + +"he brought him to a land with plenty of crops he could eat" + +# he nourished him with honey from the rock, and oil from the flinty crag + +The land had many wild bees, which produce honey, with hives inside rock holes. There were also many olive trees, which provide oil, and grow on rocks, hills, and mountains. + +# nourished him with honey + +This is like a mother giving her breast to an infant. "allowed him to suck honey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/14.md b/deu/32/14.md index 8fe9f9e32d..72ca165e62 100644 --- a/deu/32/14.md +++ b/deu/32/14.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:grape|grape]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wheat|wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# He ate -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He ate** - The word "he" refers to the people of Israel. -* **fat of lambs, rams of Basham and goats** - This means that the people of Israel had plenty of healthy herd animals. -* **you drank** - The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Moses continues to speak of the Israelites as "Jacob" ([Deuteronomy 32:9-10](./09.md)). You may need to translate as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. "Our ancestors ate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# fat of lambs, rams of Bashan and goats + +The people of Israel had many healthy herd animals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/15.md b/deu/32/15.md index 2657fb6fcf..a700bea3dc 100644 --- a/deu/32/15.md +++ b/deu/32/15.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:detestable]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous, jealousy]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking his poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Jeshurun -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Jeshuran** - This also refers to the people of Israel. Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Jeshuran' means 'righteous one.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **grew fat and kicked** - Moses compares the people of Israel to a well-fed animal that does not become gentle but instead kicks. This means the people rebelled even though God took care of them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **filled with fat, stout and sleek** - All of these mean that the people grew healthy and prospered. AT: "heavy, plump, and stuffed" -* **Rock of his salvation** - This means Yahweh is strong and able to protect his people. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Moses speaks of the Israelites as if they were a well-fed animal whose owner named it Jeshurun. You may add a footnote that says, "The name 'Jeshurun' means 'upright one.'" If your language cannot speak of the Israelites as Jeshurun, you may refer to the Israelites as many people, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# grew fat and kicked + +Jeshurun, the well-fed animal who kicks instead of becoming gentle is a metaphor for the Israelites, who rebelled even though God took care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you grew fat, you were too fat, and you had eaten your fill + +Moses scolds the Israelites by speaking in the song to Jeshurun. "you became fat, you became fatter, and you became as fat as you could become" + +# the Rock of his salvation + +This means Yahweh is strong like a rock and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Rock + +This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They made Yahweh jealous + +The Israelites made Yahweh jealous. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/17.md b/deu/32/17.md index 828f9f1dbb..9cff90bf08 100644 --- a/deu/32/17.md +++ b/deu/32/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demon|demon, evil spirit, unclean spirit]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +Moses continues to speak his song to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# They sacrificed -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They sacrificed** - "The people of Israel sacrificed" -* **gods that recently appeared** - This means the Israelites recently learned about these gods. -* **You have deserted the Rock** - AT: "You have left the protective care of Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who became your father...God who gave you birth** - This compares Yahweh to a father and a mother. This means God caused them to live and to be a nation. AT: "who fathered you...God who gave you life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"The people of Israel sacrificed" + +# gods that recently appeared + +This means the Israelites recently learned about these gods. + +# your fathers + +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as many people, so the word "your" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You have deserted ... your father ... you forgot ... gave you + +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You have deserted the Rock + +Here Yahweh is called the rock because he is strong and protective. AT: "You have left the protective care of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Rock + +This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who became your father ... who gave you birth + +This compares Yahweh to a father and a mother. This means God caused them to live and to be a nation. AT: "who fathered you ... who gave life to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/19.md b/deu/32/19.md index 0cc8deed34..c1711b3dec 100644 --- a/deu/32/19.md +++ b/deu/32/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:perverse]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# his sons and his daughters -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **his sons and his daughters** - This refers to the people of Israel whom Yahweh gave life to and made into a nation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will hide my face from them** - AT: "I will turn away from them" or "I will stop helping them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will see what their end will be** - "I will see what happens to them" +This refers to the people of Israel whom Yahweh gave life to and made into a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will hide my face from them + +This is an idiom. AT: "I will turn away from them" or "I will stop helping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will see what their end will be + +"I will see what happens to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/21.md b/deu/32/21.md index 97382cf8b9..02f6e3b19a 100644 --- a/deu/32/21.md +++ b/deu/32/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:envy|envy, covet]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# They have made me jealous -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They have made me jealous** - Here "me" refers to Yahweh. -* **by those who are not a people...a nation that has no understanding** - Both of these refer to a non-Jewish nation that does not know Yahweh. +Here "me" refers to Yahweh. + +# what is not god + +"what are false gods" + +# worthless things + +You may need to make explicit what the "things" are. AT: "worthless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who are not a people + +"people who do not belong to one people group" + +# foolish nation + +Translate "foolish" as in [Deuteronomy 32:6](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/22.md b/deu/32/22.md index 44c7d77d68..3e30ee8603 100644 --- a/deu/32/22.md +++ b/deu/32/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hades|hades, sheol]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For a fire is kindled by my anger ... foundations of the mountains -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For a fire is kindled by my anger...foundations of the mountains** - Yahweh compares his anger to a fire. This emphasizes his power to destroy what makes him angry. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a fire is kindled by my anger** - AT: "my anger starts a fire" or "my anger is like a fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh compares his anger to a fire. This emphasizes his power to destroy what makes him angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a fire is kindled by my anger and is burning ... it is devouring ... it is setting + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I start a fire because I am angry, and it burns ... it is devouring ... it is setting" or "when I am angry, I destroy my enemies like a fire, and I destroy everything on earth and in ... I devour ... I set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the lowest Sheol + +"even to the world of the dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/23.md b/deu/32/23.md index c5890bf6d6..809908c8a5 100644 --- a/deu/32/23.md +++ b/deu/32/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:waste|waste, wasteland]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I will heap disasters on them -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will heap disasters on them** - This means that Yahweh will bring one disaster after another on the people of Israel. -* **I will shoot all my arrows at them** - Here Yahweh compares the disasters he will send to arrows shot from a bow. This means that Yahweh will cause many of them to suffer and die. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They will be wasted by hunger** - AT: "They will grow weak and die from hunger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction** - Possible meanings are 1) this refers to fevers and pestilence, or 2) it refers to suffering from the heat during a drought or famine. AT: "they will die from the burning heat and terrible disasters" -* **I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust** - This means God will send dangerous animals and poisonous snakes to punish the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were something like dirt that he could pile up on top of the Israelites. AT: "I will make sure that many bad things happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will shoot all my arrows at them + +Here Yahweh compares the bad things he will make sure happen to the Israelites to someone shooting arrows from a bow. AT: "I will do all I can do to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will be wasted by hunger + +This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun "hunger" can be translated as the verb "be hungry." AT: "They will grow weak and die because they are hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They will ... hunger and devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction + +Possible meanings of "burning heat" are 1) the Israelites will suffer from fevers or 2) the weather will be unusually hot during a drought or famine. This can be stated in active form. AT: "They will ... hunger, and burning heat and terrible disasters will devour them" or "They will ... hunger, and they will die from burning heat and terrible disasters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust + +The teeth and the poison are synecdoches for the animals that use these things to kill. AT: "I will send wild animals to bite them, and things that crawl in the dust to bite and poison them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/25.md b/deu/32/25.md index c1e415bdf3..6c3a5ac7ab 100644 --- a/deu/32/25.md +++ b/deu/32/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Outside the sword will bereave -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Outside the sword will bereave** - Here "sword" represents the army of the enemy. AT: “When the Israelites are outside, the enemy army will kill them” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **young man and virgin, the nursing baby, and the man of gray hairs** - These terms are combined to mean that all kinds of people will die. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **I would make the memory of them to cease from among mankind** - AT: "I will remove the memory of them from all people" or "I will make all people forget about them" +Here "sword" represents the army of the enemy. AT: "When the Israelites are outside, the enemy army will kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# terror will do so + +Yahweh speaks of being afraid as if it were a person who comes into a house and kills those who live in it. AT: "you will die because you are afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# young man and virgin, the nursing baby, and the man of gray hairs + +These terms describing people of different ages are combined to mean that all kinds of people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I said that I would ... away, that I would ... mankind + +This can be translated as a direct quote. AT: "I said, 'I will ... away, and I will ... mankind'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I would make the memory of them to cease from among mankind + +"I would make all people forget about them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/27.md b/deu/32/27.md index 8c059c6e42..99b5cdbb42 100644 --- a/deu/32/27.md +++ b/deu/32/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Were it not that I feared the provocation of the enemy -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Were it not that I feared the provocation of the enemy** - AT: "If it were not for their enemies' taunts" or "My concern is that their enemies would wrongly boast" -* **judge mistakenly** - AT: "misunderstand" -* **Our hand is exalted** - AT: "Our strength has triumphed" or "Our power has won" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"I was afraid of the provocation of the enemy" + +# the provocation of the enemy + +This abstract noun can be translated as a verb. AT: "that the enemy would provoke me" or "that the enemy would cause me to be angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the enemy + +Yahweh speaks of his enemies as if they are one man. AT: "my enemy" or "my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# judge mistakenly + +"misunderstand" + +# Our hand is exalted + +Here "hand" represents the strength or power of a person. To be exalted is an idiom for defeating an enemy. AT: "We have defeated them because we are more powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/28.md b/deu/32/28.md index df8228ab92..c4396f0db6 100644 --- a/deu/32/28.md +++ b/deu/32/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their coming fate -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their coming fate** - Moses states something that he wishes were true, but he knows that it is not. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **they understood this...consider their coming fate** - This means that if they had wisdom they would understand that their disobedience will cause Yahweh to bring these disasters on them. +Moses states something that he wishes were true, but he knows that they are not wise and do not understand that their disobedience will cause Yahweh to bring this disaster on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# their coming fate + +The abstract noun "fate" can be translated as a verb. AT: "what is going to happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/30.md b/deu/32/30.md index e0756c2c66..6e85150ecf 100644 --- a/deu/32/30.md +++ b/deu/32/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words and tell them more of what they would have understood if they were wise ([Deuteronomy 32:29](./28.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# How could one chase a thousand ... Yahweh had given them up? -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **How could one chase a thousand…victory over them?** - AT: "It is indeed possible for one soldier to chase a thousand, or for two soldiers to defeat ten thousand - as long as Yahweh is fighting on their behalf" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand** - AT: "1 man chase 1,000 men, and 2 men put 10,000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **unless their Rock had sold them** - The word “Rock” refers to Yahweh who is strong and able to protect his people. AT: "unless Yahweh, their Rock, had handed them over" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **our enemies' rock is not like our Rock** - This means the enemies' idols and false gods are not powerful like Yahweh. +Moses uses a question to scold the people for not being wise enough to understand why their enemies are defeating them. This question can be translated as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How could one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "How could 1 enemy soldier chase 1,000 of your men, and 2 enemy soldiers cause 10,000 of your men to run away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# unless their Rock had sold them + +The word "Rock" refers to Yahweh who is strong and able to protect his people. AT: "unless Yahweh, their Rock, had handed them over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their Rock ... our Rock + +"The Rock" is a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. Translate "Rock" as in [Deuteronomy 32:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# our enemies' rock is not like our Rock + +The enemies' idols and false gods are not powerful like Yahweh. + +# just as even our enemies admit + +"not only do we say so, but our enemies say so also" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/32.md b/deu/32/32.md index ef56cb5ac8..08840bb924 100644 --- a/deu/32/32.md +++ b/deu/32/32.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah|Gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:grape|grape]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:sodom|Sodom]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vine|vine]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For their vine comes from the vine of Sodom ... clusters are bitter -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For their vine comes from the vine of Sodom...clusters are bitter** - Moses compares enemies who worship false gods to the wicked people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah and to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means their enemies are wicked and will cause the Israelites to die if they start to act like the people around them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **their clusters** - "their clusters of grapes" or "their grapes" +Moses compares enemies who worship false gods to the wicked people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah and to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means their enemies are wicked and will cause the Israelites to die if the Israelites start to act like the people who live around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their vine comes from the vine of Sodom, and from the fields of Gomorrah + +The vine is a metaphor for the people group. "it is as if their vine were a branch of the vines that grew in the fields of Sodom and Gomorrah" or AT: "they do evil the same way the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their clusters + +"their clusters of grapes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/33.md b/deu/32/33.md index 2154d79ed9..6e5dc081cb 100644 --- a/deu/32/33.md +++ b/deu/32/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:seal|seal, to seal]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:serpent|serpent, snake]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Their wine is the poison of serpents and the cruel venom of asps -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Their wine is the poison of serpents and the cruel venom of asps** - Moses continues comparing the enemies of the people of Israel to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means it will destroy the Israelites if they start to act like their enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Is not this plan secretly kept by me, sealed up among my treasures?** - AT: "I know what I have planned to do to the Israelite people and to their enemies, and I have locked up those plans as someone would lock up his valuable possessions" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is not this plan secretly kept by me** - AT: "Have I not kept this plan secret" or "I have kept this plan secret" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Moses continues comparing the enemies of the people of Israel to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit and wine. This means their enemies are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# asps + +"snakes" + +# Is not this plan secretly kept by me, sealed up among my treasures? + +This question emphasizes that Yahweh's plans for the people of Israel are kept secret like a valuable treasure. The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "I know what I have planned to do to the Israelite people and to their enemies, and I have locked up those plans as someone would lock up his valuable possessions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/35.md b/deu/32/35.md index f94adf082b..52808907ae 100644 --- a/deu/32/35.md +++ b/deu/32/35.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:time]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. This is the end of Moses's quotation of Yahweh's words that begins in [Deuteronomy 32:20](./19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Vengeance is mine to give, and recompense -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Vengeance is mine to give, and recompense** - The words "vengeance" and "recompense" mean basically the same thing. AT: "I will have vengeance and punish Israel's enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **at the time when their foot slips** - This means God will eventually destroy their enemy. AT: "when the time is right for them to fall" or "when the time comes for me to destroy them" -* **and the things that are to come on them will hurry to happen** - AT: "and their doom will come quickly" +The words "vengeance" and "recompense" mean basically the same thing. AT: "I will have vengeance and punish Israel's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# recompense + +to punish or reward a person for what he has done + +# their foot slips + +Something bad has happened to them. AT: "they are helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the day of disaster for them + +"the time for me to destroy them" + +# the things that are to come on them will hurry to happen + +Yahweh speaks of the bad things that will happen to his enemies as if the bad things were people running eagerly to punish them. AT: "I will punish them quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/36.md b/deu/32/36.md index 3180695ebb..d6020b6519 100644 --- a/deu/32/36.md +++ b/deu/32/36.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofGod]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to speak a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For Yahweh will give justice to his people -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For Yahweh will decide for his people** - "For Yahweh will bring justice for his people" or "For Yahweh will vindicate his people" -* **he will pity his servants** - AT: "he will have compassion on his servants" +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated as an adjective or as an adverb. AT: "For Yahweh will do what is just for his people" or "For Yahweh will act justly towards his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he will pity his servants + +"he will feel that he needs to help his servants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/37.md b/deu/32/37.md index 776a5594a5..438df2c880 100644 --- a/deu/32/37.md +++ b/deu/32/37.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering|drink offering]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Where are their gods, the rock in whom they took refuge? -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Where are their gods, the rock in whom they took refuge?** - AT: "Look, the gods that the Israelites thought would protect them have not come to help them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings?** - AT: "The gods to whom the Israelites offered meat and wine have not come to help them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Let them rise up and help you; let them be your protection** - Yahweh says this to mock the Israelites. He knows these gods cannot help them. AT: "These idols are not even able to get up and help or to protect you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +Yahweh scolds the people of Israel for seeking protection from other gods. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Look, the gods that the Israelites thought would protect them have not come to help them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings? + +Here Yahweh mocks the people of Israel for offering sacrifices to other gods. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The gods to whom the Israelites offered meat and wine have not come to help them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Let them rise up and help you; let them be your protection + +Yahweh says this to mock the Israelites. He knows these gods cannot help them. AT: "These idols are not even able to get up and help or to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/39.md b/deu/32/39.md index 8463d2ef2a..170fa25605 100644 --- a/deu/32/39.md +++ b/deu/32/39.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I, even I -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I, even I** - Yahweh repeats "I" to emphasize that only he is God. AT: "I, I myself" or "I, I alone" -* **I lift up my hand to heaven and say** - Lifting up the hand is a sign of making an oath. AT: "I lift up my hand to heaven and swear" or "I have taken an oath" -* **As I live forever** - This statement assures the people that what God says in 32:41-42 will happen. AT: "As certainly as I live forever" or "I swear by my life which is never-ending" +"I, I myself" or "I, I alone." Yahweh repeats "I" to emphasize that only he is God. + +# I lift up my hand to heaven and say + +"I lift up my hand to heaven and swear" or "I have taken an oath." Lifting up the hand is a sign of making an oath. + +# As I live forever + +"As certainly as I live forever" or "I swear by my life which is never-ending." This statement assures the people that what God says in [Deuteronomy 32:41](./41.md)-[Deuteronomy 32:42](./42.md) will happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/41.md b/deu/32/41.md index bfef7defe3..f496c568fa 100644 --- a/deu/32/41.md +++ b/deu/32/41.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# When I sharpen my glittering sword -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **When I sharpen my glittering sword** - This means God is preparing to judge and punish his enemies. AT: "When I sharpen my shining sword" or "When I am ready to judge my enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **when my hand begins to bring justice** - AT: "when I begin to carry out justice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"When I sharpen my shining sword." This means God is preparing to judge and punish his enemies. AT: "When I am ready to judge my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when my hand begins to bring justice + +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "when I get ready to judge the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/42.md b/deu/32/42.md index 38cc728056..3ca018360f 100644 --- a/deu/32/42.md +++ b/deu/32/42.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:drunk|drunk]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I will make my arrows drunk with blood, and my sword will devour flesh with the blood -* Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will make my arrows drunk with blood and my sword will devour flesh with the blood** - Yahweh compares himself punishing his enemies to a soldier killing people with his weapons. AT: "I will completely destroy my enemies as if I had arrows and a sword that pierce the flesh and drip with the blood" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] ) +Yahweh speaks of arrows as if they were people to whom he could give alcohol and make them drunk, and of a sword as if it were a person who was so hungry that he would eat an animal before draining the blood out. These metaphors are metonyms for a soldier using arrows and a sword to kill many enemies. This in turn is a metaphor for Yahweh killing his enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from the heads of the leaders of the enemy + +A possible meaning is "from the long-haired heads of the enemy." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/43.md b/deu/32/43.md index dd41a2e885..4ab3cf3134 100644 --- a/deu/32/43.md +++ b/deu/32/43.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is the end of Moses' song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Rejoice, you nations -* This is the end of Moses' song. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Rejoice, you nations** - Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **for he will avenge the blood of his servants and he will render vengeance on his enemies** - AT: "for he will take revenge on those who killed his servants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will render vengeance on his enemies + +Here "blood of his servants" represents the lives of his innocent servants who were killed. AT: "for he will take revenge on his enemies, who killed his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/44.md b/deu/32/44.md index 5c30e5e2aa..a330708537 100644 --- a/deu/32/44.md +++ b/deu/32/44.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# recited ... reciting -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Possible meanings are 1) "spoke ... speaking" or 2) "sang ... singing." -## translationNotes +# in the ears of the people -* **in the ears of the people** - AT: "to the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "ears" represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. AT: "to the people so they would be sure to hear it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/46.md b/deu/32/46.md index 536c4366f9..756e35758f 100644 --- a/deu/32/46.md +++ b/deu/32/46.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to them -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Moses said to the people of Israel" -## translationNotes +# Fix your mind on -* **He said to them** - "Moses said to the people of Israel" -* **Fix your mind on** - AT: “Pay attention to” or “Think about” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that I have witnessed to you today** - AT: "that I am giving today as a declaration of truth to you" -* **your children** - "your children and descendants" -* **this is no trivial matter for you** - AT: "this is not a matter for you to ignore" or "the law is not just empty words" or "you must pay attention to what the law says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **because it is your life** - AT: "because you will live if you obey it" +This is an idiom. AT: "Pay attention to" or "Think about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have witnessed to you + +Possible meanings are 1) "I have testified to you," referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or 2) "I have commanded you," referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do. + +# your children + +"your children and descendants" + +# this is + +"this law is" + +# no trivial matter + +This litotes can be stated positively. AT: "something very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# because it is your life + +The abstract noun "life" can be translated as the verb "live." You may need to make explicit the metonymy of obeying the law, which represents the law itself. AT: "because you will live if you obey it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/48.md b/deu/32/48.md index 692a002d56..aebee0e4a3 100644 --- a/deu/32/48.md +++ b/deu/32/48.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# mountains of Abarim -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of a mountain range in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Abarim, up Mount Nebo -* **Abarim mountains** - This is the name of a mountain range in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mount Nebo** - This is the name of one of the mountains of Abarim. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Abarim and climb up Mount Nebo" + +# Mount Nebo + +This is the highest place in the Abarim Mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# opposite Jericho + +"on the other side of the river from Jericho" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/50.md b/deu/32/50.md index 6ad2004c26..9d8d765172 100644 --- a/deu/32/50.md +++ b/deu/32/50.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh|Kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Yahweh finishes speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# be gathered to your people -* Yahweh finishes speaking to Moses. -* **be gathered to your people** - This means Moses' soul would go to the same place as his relatives who died before him. AT: "join your ancestors who died before you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] ) -* **Mount Hor** - This is the name of a mountain of the border of Edom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Meribah** - This is the name of place in the desert where Moses disobeyed God. God told Moses to speak to a rock to make water miraculously come out of it. Instead Moses hit the rock because he was angry with the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Wilderness of Sin** - This is the name of a wilderness on southern border of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a polite way of saying Moses' spirit would join the spirits of his relatives in the world of the dead. AT: "join your ancestors who died before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Mount Hor + +This is the name of a mountain on the border of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meribah + +This is the name of the place in the desert where Moses disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# wilderness of Zin + +This is the name of a wilderness on the southern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/intro.md b/deu/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b8fe41e7c --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Deuteronomy 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 32:1-43, which is a song. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Punishment ##### +This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will be forced to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/01.md b/deu/33/01.md index 9867d1960f..8e93d487c3 100644 --- a/deu/33/01.md +++ b/deu/33/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:paran]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses begins to bless the tribes of Israel. Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran -* **Yahweh...rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran** - Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. This emphasizes the brightness of his appearance. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **upon them** - "upon the people of Israel" -* **ten thousands of holy ones** - "10,000 angels" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **In his right hand were flashes of lightning** - AT: "Fire flashed from his right hand" +Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. AT: "When Yahweh came from Sinai, he looked to them like the sun when it rises from Seir and shines out from Mount Paran" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# upon them + +"upon the people of Israel" + +# ten thousands of holy ones + +"10,000 angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# In his right hand were flashes of lightning + +Other possible meanings are 1) "In his right hand were flames of fire" or 2) "He gave them a law of fire" or 3) "He came from the south, down his mountain slopes." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/03.md b/deu/33/03.md index f6f4569ca8..82079d88f3 100644 --- a/deu/33/03.md +++ b/deu/33/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](./01.md). Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **the people** - "the people of Israel" -* **all his holy people are in your hand** - The pronouns "his" and "your" refer to Yahweh. The phrase "in your hand" refers to Yahweh's power and protection. AT: "All your people are in your power" or "Yahweh protects all his holy people" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **an inheritance** - AT: "a possession" or "a precious possession" +These verses are difficult to understand. + +# the peoples + +"the people of Israel" + +# all his holy ones are in your hand ... your feet ... your words + +The pronouns "his" and "your" refer to Yahweh. AT: "all Yahweh's holy ones are in his hand ... his feet ... his words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# all his holy ones are in your hand + +The hand is a metonym for power and protection. AT: "you protect all his holy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an inheritance + +"a possession" or "a precious possession" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/05.md b/deu/33/05.md index 55296c391a..01d9699930 100644 --- a/deu/33/05.md +++ b/deu/33/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](./01.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Jeshurun** - This is another name for Israel. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:32:15]]. -* **Let Reuben live** - This begins Moses' blessings to the individual tribes of Israel. +Verse 5 is difficult to understand. + +# there was a king + +"Yahweh became king" + +# Jeshurun + +This is another name for Israel. Translated as in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md). + +# Let Reuben live + +This begins Moses' blessings to the individual tribes of Israel. + +# but may his men be few + +Other possible meanings are 1) "and may his men not be few" or 2) "even though his men are few." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/07.md b/deu/33/07.md index 2e9363e709..3b30ec0a6c 100644 --- a/deu/33/07.md +++ b/deu/33/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](./01.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# to the voice of Judah -* Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. -* **to the voice of Judah** - AT: "when the people of Judah pray to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "voice of Judah" refers to the cries and prayers of the people of Judah. AT: "when the people of Judah pray to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# be a help + +The abstract noun "help" can be translated as a verb. AT: "help him to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/08.md b/deu/33/08.md index 5859e084ec..8091d08696 100644 --- a/deu/33/08.md +++ b/deu/33/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](./01.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Your Thummim and your Urim -* Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. -* **Your Thummim and your Urim** - These were sacred stones the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine God's will. Here "your" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **the one you are pleased with** - This refers to the tribe of Levi. AT: "your holy one" -* **Massah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:deu:06:16]]. Translator may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Massah' means 'testing.'" -* **Meribah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:deu:32:50]]. Translator may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Meribah' means 'argue' or 'quarrel.'" +These were sacred stones the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine God's will. Here "your" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# your loyal one + +"your holy one" or "the one who seeks to please you." This refers to the tribe of Levi. + +# Massah + +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:16](../06/16.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Massah' means 'testing.'" + +# Meribah + +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:51](../32/50.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Meribah' means 'argue' or 'quarrel.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/09.md b/deu/33/09.md index 227e936977..83bf7603e0 100644 --- a/deu/33/09.md +++ b/deu/33/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](./01.md). The blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# your word -* Moses continues blessing the tribe of Levi. -* **The man who said…kept your covenant** - Moses is explaining that the tribe of Levi was more dedicated to Yahweh's law than to their own family. -* **For he guarded your word** - AT: "for they obeyed your commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"your commands" + +# guarded ... kept + +These words both mean to watch over and to protect. They are often metaphors for "obeyed," but here they should be translated literally because they refer to a time when the Levites literally killed people who were rebelling against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/10.md b/deu/33/10.md index 7d373919db..c5cba992a6 100644 --- a/deu/33/10.md +++ b/deu/33/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# your ... your ... you ... your -* Moses continues blessing the tribe of Levi. -* **He teaches Jacob your decrees, Israel your law** - This is the same thought stated in two ways. AT: "The Levites teach your law to all the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Moses is speaking to Yahweh, so all these words are singular. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/11.md b/deu/33/11.md index 7d8968ff7a..ed6a18a2d3 100644 --- a/deu/33/11.md +++ b/deu/33/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# accept -* Moses continues blessing the tribe of Levi. -* **Shatter the loins of those** - The loins were considered the center of strength. AT: "Destroy those" or "Strike those" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"be pleased with" or "be pleased to accept" + +# the work of his hands + +Here the word "hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "all the work that he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Shatter the loins of + +The loins were considered the center of strength, and are here represent strength. AT: "Take away the strength of" or "Utterly destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rise up ... rise up + +This phrase is used twice as a metaphor. AT: "rise up to fight ... cause any more trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rise up against + +This is an idiom. AT: "fight against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/12.md b/deu/33/12.md index bd0cd57533..4cf2cf8905 100644 --- a/deu/33/12.md +++ b/deu/33/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The one loved by Yahweh lives -* Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. -* **The one loved by Yahweh lives** - AT: "The ones Yahweh loves live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he lives between Yahweh’s arms** - Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power, or 2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. Either way it means Yahweh takes care of them. +Here Moses is referring to the members of the tribe of Benjamin. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The ones whom Yahweh loves live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lives in security + +The abstact noun "security" can be translated using a verb phrase. AT: "lives where no one can harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he lives between Yahweh's arms + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or 2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/13.md b/deu/33/13.md index 2de8d00ddb..c0351bd87c 100644 --- a/deu/33/13.md +++ b/deu/33/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# About Joseph -* Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. -* **About Joseph** - This refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the tribe of Manasseh. Both tribes descended from Joseph. -* **May his land be blessed by Yahweh** - AT: "May Yahweh bless their land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **With the precious things of heaven, with the dew** - AT: "with the precious dew from the sky" or "with the precious rain from the sky" -* **the deep that lies beneath** - This refers to the water under the ground. +This refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the tribe of Manasseh. Both tribes descended from Joseph. + +# May his land be blessed by Yahweh + +The word "his" refers to Joseph which represents the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh bless their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with the precious things of heaven, with the dew + +"with the precious dew from the sky" or "with the precious rain from the sky" + +# dew + +water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/01.md). + +# the deep that lies beneath + +This refers to the water under the ground. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/14.md b/deu/33/14.md index 7ed4c913af..6c638b0e04 100644 --- a/deu/33/14.md +++ b/deu/33/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# May his land be blessed -* Moses continues blessing the tribes of Joseph. -* **With the precious things of the harvest made by the sun** - AT: "With the best crops which the sun causes to grow" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **With the precious things of the passing of the months** - AT: "With the best crops that grow month to month" -* **With the finest things of the ancient mountains, And with the precious things of the everlasting hills** - Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Moses wants the best fruit to grow in the hills of their land. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](./13.md). AT: "May Yahweh bless his land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with the precious things of the harvest of the sun + +"with the best crops that the sun causes to grow" + +# with the precious things of the produce of the months + +"with the best crops that grow month to month" + +# finest things ... precious things + +Moses is probably referring to food crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "the best fruits ... the precious fruits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# ancient mountains + +"the mountains that existed long ago" + +# everlasting hills + +"the hills that will exist forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/16.md b/deu/33/16.md index dbaefc3699..a56a00b2c4 100644 --- a/deu/33/16.md +++ b/deu/33/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# May his land be blessed -* Moses continues to bless the tribes of Joseph. -* **him who was in the bush** - This refers to Yahweh who first appeared to Moses in a burning bush. -* **come on the head of Joseph, and on the forehead of the head of him** - AT: "be upon the descendants of Joseph" +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](./13.md). AT: "May Yahweh bless his land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its abundance + +The abstract noun "abundance" can be translated as a verb phrase. AT: "what it produces in large amounts" + +# him who was in the bush + +The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh, who spoke to Moses from the burning bush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let the blessing come on the head of Joseph + +This metaphor is of a man putting his hand on the head of a son and asking God to bless the son. The man here is Yahweh. AT: "May Yahweh bless Joseph as a father blesses his son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# come on the head of Joseph, and on the top of the head of him + +Here "head" and "top of the head" represent the whole person. Also, Joseph represents his descendants. AT: "be upon the descendants of Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# top of the head + +Another possible meaning is "brow" or "forehead." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/17.md b/deu/33/17.md index d788bfc18f..ae585f4403 100644 --- a/deu/33/17.md +++ b/deu/33/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The firstborn of an ox, majestic is he -* Moses continues blessing the tribes of Joseph. -* **The firstborn of an ox, majestic is he** - AT: "Joseph's descendants are powerful like a firstborn bull" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **firstborn of an ox** - Here "firstborn" and "ox" represent superiority and strength. -* **his horns are the horns** - Here "horns" are also represent strength. -* **ten thousands of Ephraim...the thousands of Manasseh** - This means the tribe of Ephraim will be stronger than the tribe of Manasseh. AT: "the 10,000 of Ephraim...the 1,000 of Manasseh" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The ox is a metaphor for something large and strong. The word "firstborn" is a metaphor for honor. AT: "People will honor Joseph's descendants, who are many and powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his horns are the horns of + +The horn is a metaphor for strength. AT: "he is as strong as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# With them he will push + +Pushing with his horns is a metaphor for strength. AT: "He is so strong that he will push" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ten thousands of Ephraim ... the thousands of Manasseh + +This means the tribe of Ephraim will be stronger than the tribe of Manasseh. AT: "the people of Ephraim, who number many times 10,000 ... the people of Manasseh, who number many times 1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/18.md b/deu/33/18.md index a3c822f063..8ea364b90e 100644 --- a/deu/33/18.md +++ b/deu/33/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +Moses continues to bless each tribe of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks to the tribes of Zebulun and Issachar as if they were one man, so the word "your" and the command "rejoice" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents -* Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. -* **Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents** - The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **sacrifices of righteousness** - AT: "acceptable sacrifices" or "proper sacrifices" -* **For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore** - This refers to trading with people across the sea. It may also refer to the fact that people were beginning to use sand in making pottery. The Hebrew word translated "suck" here refers to how a baby nurses at its mother's breast; this passage speaks of the ocean as if it were a nursing mother. It also speaks of the wealth to be gained by trading as if it were the milk of a nursing mother. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# There will they offer + +"It is there that they will offer" + +# sacrifices of righteousness + +"acceptable sacrifices" or "proper sacrifices" + +# For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore + +Possible meanings are 1) they will trade with people across the sea or 2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery. + +# For they will suck the abundance of the seas + +The Hebrew word translated "suck" here refers to how a baby nurses at its mother's breast. It means the people will gain wealth from the sea like a baby gets milk from its mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/20.md b/deu/33/20.md index 5f8744ffdc..581fa09896 100644 --- a/deu/33/20.md +++ b/deu/33/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Blessed be he who enlarges Gad -* Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. -* **Blessed be he who enlarges Gad** - This refers to Yahweh who gave the people of Gad a large territory. -* **He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head** - This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in" or 2) "People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head + +This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/21.md b/deu/33/21.md index 9f69621ec8..6684c36fcd 100644 --- a/deu/33/21.md +++ b/deu/33/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Gad as one man, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:20](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the leader's portion -* Moses continues blessing the tribe of Gad. -* **the leader’s portion** - This means a larger piece of land which a leader normally took. -* **He came with the heads of the people** - AT: "They met with all the leaders of the Israelites" -* **He carried out the justice of Yahweh and his decrees with Israel** - AT: "They obeyed all that Yahweh commanded the Israelites" +This means a larger piece of land that a leader normally took. + +# He came with the heads of the people + +"They met with all the leaders of the Israelites" + +# He carried out the justice of Yahweh and his decrees with Israel + +"They obeyed all that Yahweh had commanded the Israelites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/22.md b/deu/33/22.md index d64c5dd640..51570c37e5 100644 --- a/deu/33/22.md +++ b/deu/33/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Dan is a lion cub that leaps out from Bashan -* Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. -* **Dan is a lion cub that leaps out from Bashan** - This means the people of Dan are strong, and they attack the enemies of the Israelites who live in Bashan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The people of Dan are strong like a lion cub, and they attack their enemies who live in Bashan. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/23.md b/deu/33/23.md index 1d71b53cbd..fa11b89563 100644 --- a/deu/33/23.md +++ b/deu/33/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks of the descendants of Naphtali as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# satisfied with favor -* Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. -* **satisfied with favor, and full of the blessing of Yahweh** - AT: "whom Yahweh has blessed and given many good things" -* **the land to the west and south** - This refers to the land around Lake Galilee. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Yahweh being pleased with Naphtali is spoken of as if "favor" were food that Naphtali ate until he was no longer hungry. AT: "who has all the good things he desires because Yahweh is pleased with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# full of the blessing of Yahweh + +Blessings are spoken of as if they were food that Naphtali ate until he could hold no more. AT: "whom Yahweh has blessed so that he has all he needs" + +# take possession + +Moses speaks as if the tribe of Naphtali is one man, so these words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the land to the west and south + +This refers to the land around Lake Galilee. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/24.md b/deu/33/24.md index 356eadc98e..4982c8172b 100644 --- a/deu/33/24.md +++ b/deu/33/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# dip his foot in olive oil -* Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. -* **dip his foot in olive oil** - This is a sign of blessing and prosperity. Moses prays that the people of Asher will have so many olive trees that they can produce enough oil to dip their feet in. -* **May your city bars be iron and bronze** - Cities had large bars across their gates to keep enemies out. Moses prays that they will be safe from enemy attacks. +Olive oil was used for food and for the skin of the face and arms. Feet were dirty, so to put the foot in olive oil was to ruin valuable oil. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "have so much olive oil that he can afford to waste it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your city bars ... your days ... your security + +Moses speaks to the tribe of Asher as if they are one man, so all instances of "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# May your city bars be iron and bronze + +Cities had large bars across their gates to keep enemies out. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "May you be safe from attacks by your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/26.md b/deu/33/26.md index d5bb97436a..cf3a3902fe 100644 --- a/deu/33/26.md +++ b/deu/33/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeshurun -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] +This is another name for the people of Israel. It means "upright one." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# rides through the heavens ... on the clouds -* **Jeshurun** - This is another name for Israel. It means "upright one." See how you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:deu:32:15]]. -* **on the clouds** - This is an image of Yahweh riding fast on clouds like a king in his chariot. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is an image of Yahweh riding on clouds through the sky like a king on his chariot riding through a battlefield. AT: "rides through the heavens like a king rides through a battlefield ... on the clouds like a king on his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to your help + +"to help you." Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/27.md b/deu/33/27.md index 2d70d12015..b1d1ee1c60 100644 --- a/deu/33/27.md +++ b/deu/33/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The eternal God is a refuge -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +The abstract noun "refuge," which means a shelter or a place safe from danger, can be stated as a verb. AT: "The eternal God will protect his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# underneath are the everlasting arms -* **underneath are the everlasting arms** - This means God will support and take care of his people forever. AT: "he holds you with his everlasting arms" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The words "everlasting arms" are a metaphor for Yahweh's promise to protect his people forever. AT: "he will support and take care of his people forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He thrust out ... he said + +Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true. AT "He will thrust out ... he will say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# before you ... Destroy + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" and the command "destroy" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# he said, "Destroy!" + +If this direct quotation would not work well in your language, you may change it to an indirect quotation. AT: "he will tell you to destroy them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/28.md b/deu/33/28.md index d07f6b9459..47ee0593b2 100644 --- a/deu/33/28.md +++ b/deu/33/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel dwelt ... Jacob's spring was secure -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Possible meanings are 1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, "Israel will dwell ... Jacob's spring will be secure" or 2) Moses is blessing Israel, "May Israel dwell ... and may Jacob's spring be secure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# Jacob's spring -* **Jacob's spring is secure** - AT: "may Jacob's descendants live securely" +Possible meanings are 1) Jacob's home or 2) Jacob's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let his heavens drop dew + +The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. Possible meanings are 1) Moses is blessing Israel, "may much dew cover the land like rain" or 2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, "much dew will cover the land like rain." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dew + +water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/29.md b/deu/33/29.md index bb6db03c8f..23048ad372 100644 --- a/deu/33/29.md +++ b/deu/33/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh ... majesty? -* **Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh** - AT: "There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved and uses to defeat his enemies" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the shield of your help, and the sword of your majesty** - This means Yahweh uses his power to fight for the Israelites and to protect them. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you will stamp down their high places** - Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites will walk in victory over the backs of their enemies, or 2) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods. +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved ... majesty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the shield ... the sword + +This merism speaks of Yahweh defending the Israelites from their enemies and enabling them to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the shield of your help + +The word "shield" is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting and defending the Israelites. The abstract noun "help" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the one who protects you and helps you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the sword of your majesty + +The word "sword" is a metaphor for the power to kill with the sword in order to win battles. AT: "the one who enables you to win battles and so have majesty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will trample down their high places + +Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or 2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/intro.md b/deu/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5fab315ff --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Deuteronomy 33 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 33, which are a series of quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Families ##### +Moses gives a series of prophecies or instructions for each of the tribes of Israel and Israel overall. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/01.md b/deu/34/01.md index d656f68652..83a7b6387d 100644 --- a/deu/34/01.md +++ b/deu/34/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Mount Nebo -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zoar]] +This is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:49](../32/48.md). -## translationNotes +# Pisgah -* **Mount Nebo** - This is the name of a mountain in Moab. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:32:48]]. -* **Pisgah** - Pisgah appears to be the highest peak of Mount Nebo. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:03:17]]. -* **the City of Palms** - This is another name for Jericho. +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md). + +# the City of Palms + +This is another name for Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/04.md b/deu/34/04.md index db23650e73..e1c09f9542 100644 --- a/deu/34/04.md +++ b/deu/34/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Peor -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This was a town in Moab. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/28.md). -## translationNotes +# look at it with your eyes -* **Beth Peor** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:deu:03:28]]. +"see it for yourself" + +# to this day + +This refers to the time that this was written or edited, not to the present time in the twenty-first century. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/07.md b/deu/34/07.md index d1935a45a6..c9915a9d0b 100644 --- a/deu/34/07.md +++ b/deu/34/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# one hundred twenty years old ... thirty days -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] +"120 years old ... 30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated -* **one hundred twenty years old...thirty days** - "120 years old...30 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated** - This means his eyes and body were still strong and healthy. +This means his eyes and body were still strong and healthy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/09.md b/deu/34/09.md index ee81ff1df9..61ef611610 100644 --- a/deu/34/09.md +++ b/deu/34/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# son of Nun -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:38](../01/37.md). -## translationNotes +# Joshua ... was full of the spirit of wisdom -* **the son of Nun** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:deu:01:37]]. -* **Moses had laid his hands on him** - This is a sign of Moses dedicating Joshua for God's service. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The writer speaks as if Joshua were a container and the spirit were a physical object that could be put into a container. AT: "Yahweh enabled Joshua ... to be very wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Moses had laid his hands on him + +The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Moses had laid his hands on him to set Joshua apart so Joshua would serve Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/10.md b/deu/34/10.md index 28e4c73e0b..b75cf83c34 100644 --- a/deu/34/10.md +++ b/deu/34/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh knew face to face -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This is an idiom. It means Yahweh and Moses had a very close relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# in all the great -* **Yahweh knew face to face** - This means Yahweh and Moses had a very close relationship. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"who did all the great" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/intro.md b/deu/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f18cacdb07 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Deuteronomy 34 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses' death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/front/intro.md b/deu/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ffbcc9126 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# Introduction to Deuteronomy # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Deuteronomy #### + +1. First teaching (1:1–4:43) + -Reminder of Yahweh's guidance of Israel (1:1–46) + - Events at Kadesh and Sidon, and the defeat of Og, King of Basham (2:1–3:29) + - Appeal to obey the law of Yahweh (4:1–43) +1. Presenting the law of God and Rules and Warnings (4:44–28:68) + - The Ten Commandments (5:1–10:22) + - Rules and Warnings from the Law (11:1–26:19) +1. Instructions for entering Canaan (27:1–28:68) +1. Exhortation to obey the law of God, and ratification of the law (30) +1. Last words of Moses, his blessing, Song of Moses, and his death (31–34) + + +#### What is the Book of Deuteronomy about? #### + +This book records a retelling of the covenant with Israel, in which Yahweh reminds the Israelites of what he has done for them and what he expects from them. In fact, the book appears to present the Law as more closely applied to the Israelites once they shall have settled in the Promised Land. In this book, Moses warns the people against idolatry and the danger of losing their trust in Yahweh. Yahweh promises judgment on those who disobey him, and blessings on those who obey his Law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The name "Deuteronomy" means "Second Law" or "the retelling of the Law." Translators may decide on a title such as, "A Repeat of the Law" or "Moses explains the Law Again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +#### Who wrote the Book of Deuteronomy? #### + +The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the Book of Deuteronomy. However, many people have assumed that Joshua wrote chapter 34, which concerns how Moses died. + +#### What are the important features of the Book of Deuteronomy? #### + +The book contains a series of speeches that Moses gave to Israel before he died, as they would soon enter the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### When Yahweh commanded the Israelites to completely destroy the people who lived in the Promised Land, what was the significance of this command? #### + +As God was preparing the Israelites to enter the Promised Land, he gave them instructions to completely destroy the people whom they would defeat. In this way, the people in the land would become like the animals that Israel brought as whole burnt offerings to Yahweh, completely dedicated to him. Also in this way, the Israelites would not be tempted to associate with them and adopt their idols and their evil ways. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the role of God's name in Deuteronomy? #### + +God's name is mentioned over thirty times in the book of Deuteronomy. The use of God's name in this book usually functions as metonomy and represents God's honor or fame. At other times in Deuteronomy, God's name represents his presence, especially in connection with a place such as Jerusalem where he says he will be worshiped. + +#### Can this book be translated before the rest of the Pentateuch? #### + +The books of Genesis and Exodus provide the context for Deuteronomy. For this reason, those books should be translated before the Book of Deuteronomy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/01.md b/ecc/01/01.md index 60f4385ec2..4dbdf3f128 100644 --- a/ecc/01/01.md +++ b/ecc/01/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Like a vapor of mist, like a breeze in the wind, everything vanishes -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +This speaks of how everything in life vanishes and has no lasting value as if everything were like a disappearing vapor or breeze. AT: "Like a vapor of mist vanishes and like a breeze in the wind disappears, everything vanishes and has no lasting value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# What profit does mankind gain ... under the sun? -* **Like a vapor of mist, like a breeze in the wind** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **What profit does mankind gain...under the sun?** - AT: "Mankind gains no profit...under the sun." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that man's work is pointless and has no lasting benefit. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Mankind gains no profit ... under the sun." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/04.md b/ecc/01/04.md index e9343046d4..90c3d31d00 100644 --- a/ecc/01/04.md +++ b/ecc/01/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +The writer is presenting the natural order of life as he understands it. -## translationNotes +# hurries back to the place -* The writer is presenting the natural order of life as he understands it. +This speaks of how the sun sets at the end of the day and is soon ready to rise again, as if it were a person that quickly ran from the place where it sets to the place from which it rises. AT: "quickly returns to the place" or "quickly goes to the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/07.md b/ecc/01/07.md index 6cd65566a5..e730766b2c 100644 --- a/ecc/01/07.md +++ b/ecc/01/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The writer continues with observations about the natural order. -## translationNotes +# Everything becomes wearisome -* Writer continues with natural order observations. -* **Everything becomes wearisome** - Since man is unable to explain these things, it becomes futile to try. AT: "everything becomes tiring" -* **The eye is not satisfied by what it sees** - One can not simply deduce to a simple explanation what one sees. AT: "A person is not satisfied by what his eyes see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **nor is the ear fulfilled by what it hears** - One can not simply deduce to a simple explanation what one hears. AT: "nor is a person content by what his ears hear" +"Everything becomes tiring." Since man is unable to explain these things, it becomes useless to try. + +# The eye is not satisfied by what it sees + +Here the "eye" represents the whole person. AT: "A person is not satisfied by what his eyes see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# nor is the ear fulfilled by what it hears + +Here the "ear" represents the whole person. AT: "nor is a person content by what his ears hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/09.md b/ecc/01/09.md index 20afbdfa15..e00cc71d37 100644 --- a/ecc/01/09.md +++ b/ecc/01/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:age]] -* [[en:tw:time]] +There is nothing new regarding man and his activities. -## translationNotes +# whatever has been done is what will be done -* There is nothing new regarding man and his activities. -* **whatever has been done is what will be done** - AT: "whatever people have done is what people will do in the future" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Is there anything about which it may be said, 'Look, this is new'?** - AT: "There is nothing about which someone may say, 'Look, this is new.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will not likely be remembered either** - AT: "people will not likely remember them either" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whatever has happened before is what will happen again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](./01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Is there anything about which it may be said, 'Look, this is new'? + +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that man cannot say there is anything new. This can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing about which it may be said, 'Look, this is new.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# about which it may be said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "about which someone may say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that will happen in the future + +The understood subject may be supplied. AT: "the things that will happen in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# will not likely be remembered either + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will not likely remember them either" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/12.md b/ecc/01/12.md index 246b7b09a4..d3310a6e5a 100644 --- a/ecc/01/12.md +++ b/ecc/01/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# I applied my mind -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here the author refers to himself by his "mind" to emphasize his thoughts. AT: "I determined" or "I applied myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# to study and to search out -* **I applied my mind** - AT: "I determined" or "I made up my mind" -* **to study and to search** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **sons of men** - AT: "human beings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **all the deeds that are done** - AT: "everything that people do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **vapor** - "mist" or "breath." It does not last. AT: "temporary" or "worthless." What people do is like vapor because it does not last and is worthless. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **an attempt to shepherd the wind** - The Teacher says that the things that people do are like trying to catch the wind or to keep the wind from blowing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The twisted cannot be straightened! The missing cannot be counted!** - AT: "People cannot straighten things that are twisted! They cannot count what is not there!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how diligently he studied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# under heaven + +This refers to things that are done on earth. AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# children of mankind + +"human beings" + +# all the deeds that are done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](./01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# look + +The author uses this word to draw attention to what he says next. AT: "indeed" or "really" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# amount to vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind + +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# amount to vapor + +"are only mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." Just as vapor disappears and does not last, things have no lasting value. AT: "are as useless as vapor" or "are meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author says that everything that people do is as useless as if they were trying to control the wind. AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The twisted cannot be straightened! The missing cannot be counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People cannot straighten things that are twisted! They cannot count what is not there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/16.md b/ecc/01/16.md index 7077563760..e2bf902d3b 100644 --- a/ecc/01/16.md +++ b/ecc/01/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I have spoken to my heart -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I have spoken to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# My mind has seen -* **I applied my heart** - AT: "I determined" or "I made up my mind" -* **madness and folly** - The words "madness" and "folly" mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **an attempt to shepherd the wind** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:01:12]]. +Here the author refers to himself by his "mind" to emphasize what he has learned. AT: "I have gained" or "I have learned" + +# I applied my heart + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I determined" or "I applied myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# madness and folly + +The words "madness" and "folly" share similar meanings and refer to foolish thinking and behavior, respectively. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author says learning wisdom and madness and folly is as useless as trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](./12.md). AT: "as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/intro.md b/ecc/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4e0d2a0350 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:2-18, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Tone ##### +The tone of this chapter is sad, or depressing. The author believes that everything in life is pointless. The metaphors in this chapter all describe the idea that nothing ever changes. This is also known as "fatalism." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Ecclesiastes intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/01.md b/ecc/02/01.md index 89e9d3b325..a3b6970b42 100644 --- a/ecc/02/01.md +++ b/ecc/02/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I said in my heart -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# I will test you with happiness -* **I said in my heart** - AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I will test you with happiness** - Here the word "you" refers himself. AT: "I will test myself with things that make me happy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **So enjoy pleasure** - AT: "So I will enjoy things that please me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **I said about laughter, "It is crazy"** - AT: "I said that it is crazy to laugh at things" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **What use is it?** - AT: "It is useless" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the word "you" refers to himself. The word "happiness" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "I will test myself with things that make me happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# So enjoy pleasure + +The word "pleasure" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "So I will enjoy things that please me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this also was just a temporary breeze + +This speaks of how happiness only lasts for a short time as if it were a temporary breeze. AT: "this also only lasted for a short time, like a temporary breeze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I said about laughter, "It is crazy," + +The direct quotation can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "I said that it is crazy to laugh at things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# What use is it? + +The author uses a rhetorical question to emphasize that pleasure is useless. AT: "It is useless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/03.md b/ecc/02/03.md index fc80f534e6..7175c2d3f4 100644 --- a/ecc/02/03.md +++ b/ecc/02/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I explored in my heart -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This speaks of thinking hard for a long time as if it were exploring. Also, the author speaks of his feelings and his thoughts as if they were his "heart." AT: "I thought hard about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to gratify my desires with wine -* **I explored in my heart** - AT: "I thought hard about" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to gratify my desires with wine** - AT: "to use wine to make myself happy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **I let my mind guide me with wisdom** - AT: "I thought about the things that wise people had taught me" -* **during the days of their lives ** - AT: "as long as they live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "desires" may be expressed as a verbal phrase. AT: "to use wine to make myself happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I let my mind guide me with wisdom + +Here the author speaks of using the wisdom that he had been taught to guide himself as if this wisdom were a person who guided him. AT: "I thought about the things that wise people had taught me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# under heaven + +This refers to things that are done on earth. AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# during the days of their lives + +"during the time that they are alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/04.md b/ecc/02/04.md index 10fbbe0f34..f90f08c5e6 100644 --- a/ecc/02/04.md +++ b/ecc/02/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I built houses for myself and planted vineyards. I built for myself gardens and parks. I planted ... I created -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +The writer probably told people to do the work. AT: "I had people build houses and plant vineyards for me. I had them build gardens and parks for me ... I had them plant ... I had them create" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# gardens and parks -* **I built houses for myself and planted vineyards** - The writer probably told people to do the work. AT: "I had people build houses and plant vineyards for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **gardens and parks** - These two words share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **to water a forest** - "to provide water for a forest" -* **forest where trees were grown** - AT: "forest where trees grew" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These two words share similar meanings and refer to beautiful orchards of fruit trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to water a forest + +"to provide water for a forest" + +# forest where trees were grown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "forest where trees grew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/07.md b/ecc/02/07.md index 22d99bb4e0..61e014a731 100644 --- a/ecc/02/07.md +++ b/ecc/02/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I had slaves born in my palace -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:province]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"I had slaves that were born in my palace" or "My slaves bore children and they also were my slaves" -## translationNotes +# much more than any king -* **I had slaves born in my palace** - AT: "I had slaves that were born in my palace" or "My slaves bore children and they also were my slaves" -* **by means of numerous wives and concubines, I did things that would bring pleasure to any man on earth** - AT: "and I greatly enjoyed my many wives and concubines, as any man would" +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "much more than any other king had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the treasures of kings and provinces + +This refers to the gold and other wealth that neighboring countries were forced to pay to the king of Israel. AT: "that I acquired from the treasures of kings and the rulers of provinces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# provinces + +Here "provinces" represents the rulers of the provinces. AT: "the rulers of provinces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the delights of the children of humanity—and many concubines + +This means that he had many concubines that he enjoyed sleeping with, as any man enjoys sleeping with women. AT: "I greatly enjoyed many concubines, as would delight any man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/09.md b/ecc/02/09.md index cc3ef33ec4..b2d792b4d0 100644 --- a/ecc/02/09.md +++ b/ecc/02/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# than all who were before me in Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This refers to all the previous rulers of Jerusalem. AT: "than all the kings who had ruled before me in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# my wisdom remained with me -* **Whatever my eyes desired** - AT: "Whatever I saw and desired" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I did not withhold from them** - This can be stated positively. AT: "I got for myself" -* **I did not withhold my heart from any pleasure** - This can be stated positively. AT: "I allowed myself to enjoy everything that made me happy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **my heart rejoiced** - AT: "I rejoiced" +This is an idiom. "I continued to act wisely" or "I continued to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Whatever my eyes desired ... from them + +Here the author refers to himself by his "eyes" to emphasize what he sees. AT: "Whatever I saw and desired ... from myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I did not withhold from them + +This can be stated positively. AT: "I got for them" + +# I did not withhold my heart from any pleasure + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his desires. This can be stated positively and the word "pleasure" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "I did not keep myself from any pleasure" or "I allowed myself to enjoy everything that made me happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my heart rejoiced + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his desires. AT: "I rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/11.md b/ecc/02/11.md index 9f4c7432ba..cf7a964481 100644 --- a/ecc/02/11.md +++ b/ecc/02/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# all the deeds that my hands had accomplished -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here the author refers to himself by his "hands." AT: "all that I had accomplished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind -* **all the deeds that my hands had accomplished** - AT: "all that I had accomplished" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:01:12]]. -* **madness and folly** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **For what can the next king do...which has not already been done?** - The writer uses this question to emphasize his point that the next king will not be able to do anything more valuable that what he had already done. AT: "For the next king can do nothing...which has not already been done." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the next king...who comes after the king** - "the king...who succeeds the current king." This was probably written by the current king, so "after the king" could also be translated as "after me." (See: UDB) +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author says that everything that people do is as useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There was no profit under the sun in it + +"But it had no profit under the sun" + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# madness and folly + +The words "madness" and "folly" have similar meanings and refer to foolish thinking and behavior, respectively. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# For what can the next king do who comes after the king, which has not already been done? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his point that the next king will not be able to do anything more valuable that what he had already done. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "For the next king who comes after the king can do nothing that a king before him has not already done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the next king ... who comes after the king + +"the king ... who succeeds the current king" or "the next king ... who comes after me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/13.md b/ecc/02/13.md index 8d006b361a..3fa90b5b98 100644 --- a/ecc/02/13.md +++ b/ecc/02/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# wisdom has advantages over folly, just as light is better than darkness -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This speaks of how wisdom is better than folly by comparing it to how light is better than darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# The wise man uses his eyes in his head to see where he is going -* **wisdom has advantages over folly, just as light is better than darkness** - Wisdom his better than folly, just as light is better than darkness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **The wise man uses his eyes in his head to see where he is going** - AT: "The wise man is like a person who uses his eyes to see where he is going" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **uses his eyes in his head to see** - AT: "can see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the fool walks in darkness** - AT: "the fool is like a person who walks in the dark" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This speaks of a wise man making wise decisions as walking and paying attention to where he is going. AT: "The wise man is like a person who uses his eyes to see where he is going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# uses his eyes in his head to see + +This is an idiom. AT: "pays attention and looks to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the fool walks in darkness + +This compares a fool making bad decisions to someone walking in darkness. AT: "the fool is like a person who walks in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the same destiny is in store for everyone + +This is an idiom. Here "destiny" refers to death. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the same thing happens to everyone" or "everyone eventually dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/15.md b/ecc/02/15.md index 48ea2c1fb1..95ad1e13df 100644 --- a/ecc/02/15.md +++ b/ecc/02/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I said in my heart -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# So what difference does it make if I am very wise? -* **I said in my heart** - AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **So what difference does it make if I am very wise?** - The writer uses this question to emphasize his point that there is no benefit to being wise. AT: "So it makes no difference if I am very wise." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I concluded in my heart** - AT: "I concluded" -* **vapor** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:01:12]]. -* **the wise man, like the fool, is not remembered for very long** - AT: "people will not remember the wise man for very long, just as they do not remember the fool for very long" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **everything will have been long forgotten** - AT: "people will have long forgotten everything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no benefit to being wise. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "So it makes no difference if I am very wise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I concluded in my heart + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I concluded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# is only vapor + +"is only mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "is as useless as vapor" or "is meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For the wise man, like the fool, is not remembered for very long + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People do not remember the wise man for very long, just as they do not remember the fool for very long" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everything will have been long forgotten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will have long forgotten everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/17.md b/ecc/02/17.md index af0dd7b88b..b26fbefc83 100644 --- a/ecc/02/17.md +++ b/ecc/02/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# all the work done -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the work that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# was evil to me -* **all the work done** - AT: "all the work that people do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:01:12]]. +"troubled me" + +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind + +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author says everything that people do is as useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to the man who comes after me + +"to the man who inherits it after me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/19.md b/ecc/02/19.md index a026dbd136..f783db14de 100644 --- a/ecc/02/19.md +++ b/ecc/02/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For who knows whether he will be a wise man or a fool? -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one knows the character the man who will inherit his wealth. AT: "For no one knows whether he will be a wise man or a fool." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# he will be -* **And who knows whether he will be a wise man or a fool?** - AT: "And no one knows whether he will be a wise man or a fool." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **he will be** - "he" refers to the person who will inherit Solomon's wealth. -* **my heart began to despair** - AT: "I began to despair" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "he" refers to the author's heir. + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that my work and wisdom have built + +Here the author's "work" and "wisdom" represent himself and the things he did in his wisdom. He probably had help with the literal buildings. AT: "that I worked very hard and wisely to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my heart began to despair + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I began to despair" or "I began to lose all hope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/21.md b/ecc/02/21.md index cdc69b1c3d..8e10fcbbd2 100644 --- a/ecc/02/21.md +++ b/ecc/02/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# who works with wisdom, with knowledge, and skill -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +"who works wisely and skillfully, using the things that he has learned" -## translationNotes +# who has not made any of it -* **a great tragedy** - "a great disaster" -* **For what profit does the person gain who works so hard and tries in his heart to complete his labors under the sun?** - AT: "For the person who works so hard and tries in his heart to complete his labors under the sun gains nothing." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **works so hard and tries in his heart** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **tries in his heart** - AT: "tries anxiously" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **painful and stressful** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **his soul does not find rest** - AT: "his mind does not rest" or "he continues to worry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"who has not worked for any of it" + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a great tragedy + +"a great disaster" + +# For what profit does the person gain who works so hard and tries in his heart to complete his labors under the sun? + +The author uses a rhetorical question to emphasize that the man who works hard gains nothing. Translate "what profit does ... gain" as you did in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "For the person who works so hard and tries in his heart to complete his labors under the sun gains nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# works so hard and tries in his heart + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how strenuously the person works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# tries in his heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "tries anxiously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# painful and stressful + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how difficult the person's work is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# his soul does not find rest + +Here man's mind is referred to as his "soul" to emphasize his deep thoughts. AT: "his mind does not rest" or "he continues to worry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/24.md b/ecc/02/24.md index 922b99bd4d..9ae98537b7 100644 --- a/ecc/02/24.md +++ b/ecc/02/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# God's hand -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Here God is represented by his "hand" to emphasize how he provides for people. AT: "from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# For who can eat or who can have any kind of pleasure apart from God? -* **this truth comes from God's hand** - AT: "this truth comes from God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **For who can eat or who can have any kind of pleasure apart from God?** - AT: "For no one can eat or have any kind of pleasure apart from God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no pleasure can be had without God's provision. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "For no one can eat or have any kind of pleasure apart from God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/26.md b/ecc/02/26.md index e0b906a637..3917af2e8f 100644 --- a/ecc/02/26.md +++ b/ecc/02/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# so that he may give it away to someone who pleases God -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Possible meanings for the word "he" are 1) God or 2) the sinner. This also can be translated without making it clear who it is that gives the things that the sinner stored. AT: "so that the one who pleases God may have it" -## translationNotes +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind -* **so that he may give it away to someone who pleases God** - The word "he" may refer either to God or to the sinner. The word "it" refers to what the sinner has gathered and stored. AT: "so that the one who pleases God may have it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_singularpronouns]]) -* **vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:01:12]]. +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/intro.md b/ecc/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..82a9d883d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:10-26, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pleasures ##### +When the author thought about the pointlessness of life, he decided to fill it with pointless pleasures. He believed that this type of living would have no effect on the world. Therefore, he indulged in every type of pleasure. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Assumed knowledge ##### +It is assumed that the author is going to reject the way of living in this chapter. He is certainly not encouraging this way of living even though he does not say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/01.md b/ecc/03/01.md index e8ccefddcd..68cdade369 100644 --- a/ecc/03/01.md +++ b/ecc/03/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:time]] +The writer uses merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# For everything there is an appointed time, and a season for every purpose -* The writer shifts into listing several merisms of life. -* **For everything there is an appointed time, and a season for every purpose** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* ** born and...die ... kill and...heal** - These are various aspects of life as described from one extreme to the other. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **a time to pull up plants** - Possible meanings are 1) "a time to harvest" or 2) "a time to weed" or 3) "a time to uproot." +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# under heaven + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a time to pull up plants + +Possible meanings are 1) "a time to harvest" or 2) "a time to uproot." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/04.md b/ecc/03/04.md index 0f6f7561c5..2103b57eb9 100644 --- a/ecc/03/04.md +++ b/ecc/03/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# embrace -* The writer continues with merisms of life. -* **weep and...laugh ... mourn and...dance** - These are various aspects of life as described from one extreme to the other. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +to hold someone in your arms to show love or friendship \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/06.md b/ecc/03/06.md index 3c689cb1e9..fd73fb6b30 100644 --- a/ecc/03/06.md +++ b/ecc/03/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* The writer continues with merisms of life. +The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/08.md b/ecc/03/08.md index 3394e4c796..d3588222e4 100644 --- a/ecc/03/08.md +++ b/ecc/03/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:time]] +The writer concludes using merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# What profit does the worker gain in his labor? -* The writer concludes his merisms of life. -* **What profit does the worker gain in his labor?** - This is a thought provoking question to focus the reader on the next discussion topic. +This is a thought provoking question to focus the reader on the next discussion topic. Translate "what profit does ... gain" as you did in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "The worker gains no profit for his labor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/11.md b/ecc/03/11.md index 6075a890e5..0a788c897c 100644 --- a/ecc/03/11.md +++ b/ecc/03/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# God has made everything suitable for its own time -* [[en:tw:works]] +"God has fixed a time that is right for everything to happen" or "God has set a time that is right for each thing to happen: -## translationNotes +# placed eternity in their hearts -* **placed eternity in their hearts** - Here the word "their" refers to human beings. AT: "placed eternity in the hearts of human beings" +Here the word "their" refers to human beings. Here the "hearts" of the people represent their thoughts and desires. AT: "placed eternity in the hearts of human beings" or "caused people to think about eternal things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from their beginning all the way to their end + +This refers to the beginning and the end and all that is in between. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/12.md b/ecc/03/12.md index e77907da9c..f2f57f81fc 100644 --- a/ecc/03/12.md +++ b/ecc/03/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# should understand how to enjoy -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] - -## translationNotes - -* **should understand how to enjoy** - the writer is emphasizing the practice of enjoying one's work, not an intellectual knowledge of how to go about enjoying one's work. +"should learn how to enjoy" or "should enjoy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/14.md b/ecc/03/14.md index c04bd8164e..472745443b 100644 --- a/ecc/03/14.md +++ b/ecc/03/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Nothing can be added to it or taken away -* [[en:tw:god]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Whatever exists has already existed** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:ecc:01:09]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one can add anything to or take anything away from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/16.md b/ecc/03/16.md index 879ae02f77..9ff931af72 100644 --- a/ecc/03/16.md +++ b/ecc/03/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I have seen the wickedness ... wickedness was there -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how common wicked behavior is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# in place of righteousness -* **wickedness exists where there should be justice, and in place of righteousness wickedness is often found** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **wickedness is often found** - AT: "people often find wickedness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I said in my heart** - AT: "I said to myself" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **every matter and every deed** - These two phrases are similar and are combined for emphasis. +"where there should be righteousness" + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I said in my heart + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the righteous and the wicked + +This refers to righteous and wicked people. AT: "those who are righteous and those who are wicked" or "the righteous people and the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# every matter and every deed + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to every action that people do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/18.md b/ecc/03/18.md index ed07e3b89e..f7575a7640 100644 --- a/ecc/03/18.md +++ b/ecc/03/18.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I said in my heart +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# they are like animals -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Here the author says that human beings are like animals. In the next verse the author explains clearly how humans are like animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/19.md b/ecc/03/19.md index 205f3263a2..a46a4439bd 100644 --- a/ecc/03/19.md +++ b/ecc/03/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# is the same fate for them -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"is the same for both of them" or "is the same" -## translationNotes +# The breath is the same for all of them -* ** has no advantage over the animals** - AT: "is no better off than the animals" -* **Is not everything just a rapid breath?** - AT: "Everything is just a rapid breath." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"All of them breathe the same" + +# There is no advantage for mankind over the animals + +"Mankind is no better off than the animals" + +# is not everything just a breath? + +Here the author speaks of everything being as temporary as if it were a breath of air. The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that everything is temporary. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Everything is just a breath." or "Everything is as temporary as a breath." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Everything is going to the same place + +This means that all people and all animals die and decay and become part of the soil. AT: "Everything dies and goes to the same place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# dust + +"soil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/21.md b/ecc/03/21.md index 969d8d1c71..9650e10dc4 100644 --- a/ecc/03/21.md +++ b/ecc/03/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Who knows whether the spirit ... into the earth? -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The author asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one truly knows what happens after people and animals die. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one knows whether the spirit ... into the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# there is nothing better for anyone than to -* **Who knows whether the spirit...into the earth?** - The writer states that man does not know if the spirit of animals end up in a different or same place as the spirit of man does when they die. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **there is nothing better for anyone than to** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:03:12]]. -* **Who can bring...after him?** - No one has raised any person or animal from the dead. AT: "No one can bring...after him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Ecclesiastes 3:12](./12.md). + +# Who can bring him back to see what happens after him? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one will see what happens after he dies. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one of us knows what happens to us after we die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/intro.md b/ecc/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c2b28b7da1 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Parallelism ##### +The chapter uses parallelism with the phrase, "a time to." This gives the quotation a poetic style. Their overall purpose is to show that Yahweh directs the events of the world and therefore, they have purpose. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/01.md b/ecc/04/01.md index ca38ba4990..9bd520d62e 100644 --- a/ecc/04/01.md +++ b/ecc/04/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# under the sun -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# behold -* **Power is in the hand of their oppressors** - AT: "Their oppressors have great authority" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but the oppressed have no comforter** - No one with authority is defending the oppressed. +"indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# the tears of oppressed people + +Here "tears" represent weeping. AT: "the oppressed people were weeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Power was in the hand of their oppressors + +This means that their oppressors were powerful. Here their "hand" represents what thet possess. AT: "Their oppressors were powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/02.md b/ecc/04/02.md index 9f7e2bef42..a560da674c 100644 --- a/ecc/04/02.md +++ b/ecc/04/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I congratulate dead people -* [[en:tw:death]] +"I consider dead people as more fortunate" -## translationNotes +# the living, those who are still alive -* **more fortunate than both of them is the one who has not yet lived** - AT: "the one who has not yet been born is better off than both of them" +The word "living" is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are living. The phrase "those who are still alive" means the same thing as "the living." AT: "the people who are still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# more fortunate than both of them is the one who has not yet lived + +"the one who has not yet been born is better off than both of them" + +# both of them + +This refers to those who are dead and to those who are alive. AT: "both those who are dead and those who are living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/04.md b/ecc/04/04.md index ee6e70ed20..c7702a491c 100644 --- a/ecc/04/04.md +++ b/ecc/04/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# became the envy of one's neighbor -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The word "envy" may be expressed as an adjective. AT: "made one's neighbor envious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the envy of one's neighbor -* **the envy of one's neighbor** - possible meanings are 1) The neighbor envy's the object his neighbor made or 2) the neighbor envy's the skills his neighbor has. -* **vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind** - No one can control or direct the wind like they can animals. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:01:12]]. +possible meanings are 1) The neighbor envies the object his neighbor made, or 2) the neighbor envies the skills his neighbor has. + +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind + +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/05.md b/ecc/04/05.md index 109b56bcfa..8386514bf6 100644 --- a/ecc/04/05.md +++ b/ecc/04/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The fool folds his hands and does not work +To fold the hands is a gesture of laziness and is another way of saying that the person refuses to work. AT: "The fool refuses to work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# so his food is his own flesh -* **folds his hands and does not work** - To fold the hands is a gesture of laziness and is another way of saying that the person refuses to work. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **so his food is his own flesh** - AT: "as a result, he causes his own ruin." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **work that tries to shepherd the wind** - Not all work is profitable. Some work is not profitable like trying to control the wind. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This speaks of a person destroying himself as if he were eating his own body. AT: "as a result, he causes his own ruin" or "and as a result, he destroys himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a handful + +"a small amount" + +# two handfuls + +"a large amount." It is understood that this refer to profit gained. AT: "two handfuls of profit" or "a large amount of profit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# that tries to shepherd the wind + +The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "that is as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/07.md b/ecc/04/07.md index 49b4250cf8..e4147db12e 100644 --- a/ecc/04/07.md +++ b/ecc/04/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# futility -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +being useless, without profit -## translationNotes +# more vanishing vapor -* **no son or brother** - This person has no family. -* **his eyes are not satisfied** - AT: "he is not satisfied" (See: [[: en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **"For whom am I toiling and depriving myself of pleasure?"** - AT: "Will anyone benefit from me working hard and not enjoying myself?" or "My work does not benefit anyone and I am not enjoying myself." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"more vanishing mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "more things that are as useless as vapor" or "more meaningless things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# no son or brother + +This person has no family. AT: "he has no family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his eyes are not satisfied + +Here the whole person is represented by his "eyes" to emphasize his desires. AT: "he is not satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# For whom am I toiling and depriving myself of pleasure + +"Will anyone benefit from me working hard and not enjoying myself" + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/09.md b/ecc/04/09.md index 3809c78ae8..8384e5080e 100644 --- a/ecc/04/09.md +++ b/ecc/04/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# sorrow follows the one who is alone when he falls -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] +Here sorrow is spoken of as if it were a person that could follow someone else. AT: "the one who is alone when he falls is sorrowful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# If two lie down together, they can be warm -* **And if two lie down together, they can be warm** - The writer speaks of two people keeping each other warm on a cold night. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **how can one be warm alone?** - AT: "a person cannot be warm when he is alone." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The writer speaks of two people keeping each other warm on a cold night. AT: "If two people lie down together at night, they can be warm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# how can one be warm alone? + +This refers to a person lying down. The author use this rhetorical question to emphasize that two people can keep each other warm but one person cannot. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "a person cannot be warm when he is alone." or "a person who lies down alone cannot be warm." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/12.md b/ecc/04/12.md index e36ed0eeab..829a1c3e8a 100644 --- a/ecc/04/12.md +++ b/ecc/04/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# One man alone can be overpowered +This can be written in active form. AT: "Someone can overpower a person who is alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# but two -* **withstand an attack** - "defend themselves against an attack" -* **a three-strand rope is not quickly broken** - strand rope is not quickly broken** - AT: "people cannot easily break a rope made with three strands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"but two people" + +# withstand an attack + +"defend themselves against an attack" + +# a three-strand rope + +This speaks of three people together being stronger as if they were a three-strand rope. AT: "three people are even stronger, like a three-strand rope that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a three-strand rope is not quickly broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people cannot easily break a rope made with three strands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/13.md b/ecc/04/13.md index 94e87d47be..2bf42422f6 100644 --- a/ecc/04/13.md +++ b/ecc/04/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# youth -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"young man" -## translationNotes +# who no longer knows how -* **he was born poor in his kingdom** - AT: "he was born to poor parents who lived in the land that he would someday rule" +Here knowing represents willingness. AT: "who is no longer willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from prison + +"after being in prison" + +# he was born poor in his kingdom + +This means that he had poor parents. AT: "he was born to poor parents who lived in the land that he will someday rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/15.md b/ecc/04/15.md index 035649acf0..11867471fd 100644 --- a/ecc/04/15.md +++ b/ecc/04/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:submit]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Instead of choosing the wise youth, the people choose the king's son, who may not be any wiser. -## translationNotes +# alive and walking around -* Instead of choosing the wise youth, the people choose the king's son who may not be any wiser. -* **alive and walking around** - The words "alive" and "walking around" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **There is no end to all the people** - AT: "There are very many people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:01:12]]. +The words "alive" and "walking around" mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize living people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# There is no end to all the people + +This is an exaggeration used to emphasize a large number of people. AT: "There are very many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind + +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/intro.md b/ecc/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b3f24a33b --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 4, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### +The teacher looks at the oppression in the world and is saddened by it, but he is the king and has the power to change things. He also laments being alone even though he has many wives, children, and concubines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/01.md b/ecc/05/01.md index 3fac903653..d61761319c 100644 --- a/ecc/05/01.md +++ b/ecc/05/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Guard your steps -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Go there to listen** - It is more important to go to the temple to listen and learn of God's law in order to obey God than it is to offer sacrifices but continue to sin against God. +Here "steps" are a metonym for a person's conduct. AT: "Be careful how you conduct yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/02.md b/ecc/05/02.md index a32867ba4d..40f69c2910 100644 --- a/ecc/05/02.md +++ b/ecc/05/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be too quick ... do not let your heart be too quick -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that you should think first before you speak to God about a matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# to speak with your mouth -* **speak with your mouth** - To make a promise or vow to God. -* **Do not be too quick...do not let your heart be too quick** - These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **let your words be few** - AT: "do not say too much" +Here the phrase "with your mouth" emphasizes and describes a person speaking. AT: "to speak" + +# do not let your heart + +Here a person is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions and desires. AT: "do not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# let your words be few + +"do not say too much" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/04.md b/ecc/05/04.md index e7d1fb518d..e13b7267b5 100644 --- a/ecc/05/04.md +++ b/ecc/05/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# do not delay to do it, for God has no pleasure in fools -* [[en:tw:vow]] - -## translationNotes - -* **for God has no pleasure in fools** - One characteristic of a fool is to make promises or vows that they have no intention of keeping or fulfilling. +It is implied that it is foolish to delay in fulfilling a vow that you have made to God. AT: "do not foolishly delay in doing it, because God is not pleased with foolish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/06.md b/ecc/05/06.md index a38121ddd0..7ce010955a 100644 --- a/ecc/05/06.md +++ b/ecc/05/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not allow your mouth to cause your flesh to sin -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here a person's "mouth" represents a person's speech, and the person himself is represented by his "flesh." AT: "Do not let what you say cause you to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Why make God angry by vowing falsely, provoking God to destroy the work of your hands? -* **Do not allow your mouth to cause your flesh to sin** - AT: "Do not let what you say cause you to sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Why make God angry...?** - AT: "It would be foolish to make God angry..." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **destroy the work of your hands** - AT: "destroy everything you do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **For in many dreams, as in many words, there is meaningless vapor** - "Multiplying words does not give them substance, just like having many dreams make them any more real." +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that it is foolish to make a vow that you will not keep. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "It would be foolish to make God angry by vowing falsely, provoking God to destroy the work of your hands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# destroy the work of your hands + +Here a person is represented by his "hands." AT: "destroy everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# For in many dreams, as in many words, there is meaningless vapor + +The author speaks of things as being useless and futile as if they were vapor. See how you translated "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "For many dreams and many words are as useless as vapor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/08.md b/ecc/05/08.md index c4df784c92..117b373a6c 100644 --- a/ecc/05/08.md +++ b/ecc/05/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the poor being oppressed and robbed -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:province]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people oppressing the poor and robbing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the poor -* **the poor being oppressed and robbed** - AT: "people oppressing poor people and robbing them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **just and right** - These words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* ** do not be astonished ** - "do not be surprised" (UDB) -* **there are men in power** - AT: "there are men with authority" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **even higher ones over them** - There are other men who rule over the men in authority. AT: "men who have even more authority than they do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the produce of the land** - AT: "the food that the land produces" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +This refers to poor people. AT: "those who are poor" or "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# just and right treatment + +The words "just" and "right" mean basically the same thing and refer to the kind of treatment that people deserve. AT: "fair treatment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# do not be astonished as if no one knows, because there are people + +"do not be surprised, for there are people + +# there are people in power + +"there are people with authority" + +# even higher ones over them + +There are other men who rule over the men in authority. AT: "men who have even more authority than they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the produce of the land ... produce from the fields + +The word "produce" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "the food that the land produces ... crops from the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/10.md b/ecc/05/10.md index 07c57d44e4..c105274641 100644 --- a/ecc/05/10.md +++ b/ecc/05/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# vapor -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# As prosperity increases -* **This, too, is vapor** - Just as a vapor has no substance, so there is no satisfaction in desiring money. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **As prosperity increases** - AT: "As a person becomes more prosperous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **so also do the people who consume it** - Possible meanings are 1) "so also the person spends more money" or 2) "so also there will be more people who use his wealth." -* **What advantage in wealth is there to the owner except to watch it with his eyes?** - AT: "The only benefit that the owner has from wealth is that he can look at it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "prosperity" may be expressed as an adjective. AT: "As a person becomes more prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# so also do the people who consume it + +Possible meanings are 1) "so also the person spends more money" or 2) "so also there will be more people who use his wealth." + +# who consume it + +This speaks of people spending wealth as if they were "eating" it. AT: "who use it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What advantage in wealth is there to the owner except to watch it with his eyes? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the wealthy do not benefit from their wealth. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The only benefit that the owner has from wealth is that he can look at it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/12.md b/ecc/05/12.md index d20b52009d..49970cb68d 100644 --- a/ecc/05/12.md +++ b/ecc/05/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The sleep of a working man is sweet +This speaks of a person's sleep being fulfilling and peaceful as if it were sweet like something he eats. AT: "The sleep of a working man is peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# whether he eats little or a lot -* **The sleep of a working man is sweet** - a man who does good or honest work can be content with himself knowing He did a good day's work regardless of his pay. -* **whether he eats little or a lot** - "whether he eats a little bit of food or a lot of food" -* **does not allow him to sleep well** - a rich person is never satisfied with his wealth. He stays awake at night being concerned about his money. AT:"keeps him awake at night" +"whether he eats a little bit of food or a lot of food" + +# but the wealth of a rich person does not allow him to sleep well + +"but the wealth of a rich person keeps him awake at night." This speaks of a rich person not being able to sleep because he is worried about his money as if his money were a person that would not allow him to sleep. AT: "but rich people do not sleep well because they worry about their money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/13.md b/ecc/05/13.md index 9075133f11..8526182d4a 100644 --- a/ecc/05/13.md +++ b/ecc/05/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# under the sun -* [[en:tw:hand]] +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# riches hoarded by the owner -* **riches hoarded by the owner** - AT: "an owner hoards riches" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **through bad luck** - Possible meanings are 1) "through misfortune" or 2) "through a bad business deal." -* **his own son...is left with nothing in his hands** - Here the phrase "in his hands" refers to ownership. AT: "he leaves no possession for his own son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "an owner hoards riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through bad luck + +Possible meanings are 1) "through misfortune" or 2) "through a bad business deal." + +# his own son, one whom he has fathered, is left with nothing in his hands + +Here the phrase "in his hands" represents ownership. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he leaves no possession for his own son" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/15.md b/ecc/05/15.md index 8df6c67502..3c22631a11 100644 --- a/ecc/05/15.md +++ b/ecc/05/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# As a man comes from his mother's womb ... he will leave naked -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] +It is implied that a man is naked when he is born. In addition to being without clothing, here the word "naked" emphasizes that people are born without any possessions. AT: "As a man is naked and owns nothing when he is born ... he will leave this life the same way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# comes from his mother's womb -* **a man is born naked...he will leave this life naked** - In addition to being without clothing, here the word "naked" emphasizes that people are born without any possessions. AT: "a man is naked and owns nothing when he is born...he will leave this life the same way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he will leave this life** - AT: "he will die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **He can take in his hand nothing** - AT: "He can take nothing with him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **as a person came, so also he must go away** - This refers to the birth and death of a person and expresses the same idea as the previous verse. -* **So what profit does anyone get in working for the wind?** - The writer uses this question to emphasize his point that there is no benefit in working for the wind. AT: "No one gets any profit in working for the wind." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **working for the wind** - Possible meanings are 1) "trying to catch the wind" or 2) "working for the air he breathes" -* **During his days he eats with darkness** - Here the word "darkness" refers to sad circumstances. Possible meanings are 1) "During his life he eats in mourning" or 2) "His life is spent in mourning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and is greatly distressed with sickness and anger** - AT: "and suffers greatly, being sick and angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +"is born" + +# he will leave + +This refers to dying. AT: "he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# He can take none of the fruits of his labor in his hand + +Here a man's possessions are spoken of as if they are fruit that he grew with his labor. AT: "He can not take any of his possessions with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as a person comes, so he goes away + +This refers to the birth and death of a person and expresses the same idea as the previous verse. This refers to women as well as men. AT: "as people bring nothing into the world when they are born, so they take nothing with them when they die and leave this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# So what profit is there for him who works for the wind? + +The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no benefit in working for the wind. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one gets any profit in working for the wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# works for the wind + +Possible meanings are 1) This speaks of the person receiving no lasting profit as if he were trying to control the wind. AT: "tries to shepherd the wind" or "work that is as useless as trying to shepherd the wind" or 2) This implies that the person only receives the air that he breaths as his profit. AT: "works to receive the air he breathes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# During his days he eats with darkness + +This speaks of a person mourning throughout his life as if he always ate in darkness. Here "darkness" represents sadness and mourning. AT: "He spends his life in mourning and sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his days + +Here a person's "days" represent his life. AT: "his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is greatly distressed with sickness and anger + +The words "sickness" and "anger" can be expressed as adjectives. AT: "suffers greatly, being sick and angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/18.md b/ecc/05/18.md index 553136fd18..9b694c412b 100644 --- a/ecc/05/18.md +++ b/ecc/05/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] +The author uses this word here to draw his reader's attention to what he says next. AT: "Pay attention" or "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# what I have seen to be good and suitable -* **Look** - "pay attention" or "listen up" -* **good and suitable** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **during the days of this life that God has given us** - AT: "as long as God allows us to live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **man's assignment** - Possible meanings are 1) "man's reward" or 2) "man's lot in life." +Here the words "good" and "suitable" mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the meaning of the first. AT: "what I have seen to be the best thing to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# during the days of this life that God has given us + +This is an idiom. AT: "as long as God allows us to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For this is man's assignment + +Possible meanings are 1) "For this is man's reward" or 2) "For these are the things that he allows man to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/19.md b/ecc/05/19.md index 6170c8bbb3..dd6abb2011 100644 --- a/ecc/05/19.md +++ b/ecc/05/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# riches and wealth -* [[en:tw:mind]] +These two words mean basically the same thing. They refer to money and the things that a person can buy with money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# to receive his share -* **riches and wealth** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **receive his share and rejoice in his work** - This is expressing the ability to be content and to enjoy one's work. -* **he does not call to mind** - Here the word "he" refers to the person to whom God has given a gift. AT: "he does not remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the days of his life** - AT: "the things that have happened during his lifetime" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **keep busy** - "stay busy" +"to accept what he is given" + +# he does not call to mind + +Here the word "he" refers to the person to whom God has given a gift. The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom. AT: "he does not remember" or "he does not think about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the days of his life + +This refers to the things that happened during his lifetime. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the things that have happened during his lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# keep busy + +"stay busy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/intro.md b/ecc/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..96ff1482b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 5, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Materialism ##### +The author describes the pointlessness of pursuing material things. This is known as "materialism." Those who pursue after things will always want more. At the end of their life, they will not be able to use these things. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/01.md b/ecc/06/01.md index 98b04bfc51..a145b9d2ed 100644 --- a/ecc/06/01.md +++ b/ecc/06/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# it weighs heavy on men -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] +Here evil is spoken of as something that is a heavy load to carry. AT: "it causes hardship for people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# riches, wealth -* **it is severe for men** - AT: "it causes hardship for people" -* **riches, wealth** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **he lacks nothing** - AT: "he has everything" -* **God gives him no ability to enjoy it.** - To acquire riches or possessions and not be able to enjoy them is futile. -* **This is vapor, an evil affliction.** - To be unable to enjoy one's possessions is an evil affliction or curse. +These two words mean basically the same thing. They refer to money and the things that a person can buy with money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# he lacks nothing + +This is a double negative. AT: "he has everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# God gives him no ability + +"does not give him the ability" + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/03.md b/ecc/06/03.md index a4354f4134..b130ca4d57 100644 --- a/ecc/06/03.md +++ b/ecc/06/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# fathers a hundred children -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] +"fathers 100 children." This is a hypothetical situation. This is also an exaggeration and is applicable to people with fewer than 100 children. AT: "fathers many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# lives many years, so that the days of his years are many -* **fathers a hundred children** - AT: "fathers 100 children" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]], and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **lives many years, so that the days of his years are many** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **his heart is not satisfied with good** - AT: "he is not content with good things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he is not buried with honor** - Possible meanings are 1) "no one buries him" or 2) "no one buries him properly." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **such a baby is born in futility** - AT: "such a baby is born for nothing" -* **passes away in darkness** - Here the word "darkness" may refer either to the world of the dead or to something that is difficult to understand. AT: "dies unexplainably" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **its name remains hidden** - AT: "no one knows its name" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "lives many years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his heart is not satisfied with good + +This refers to a man by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "he is not content with good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he is not buried with honor + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "no one buries him" or 2) "no one buries him properly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# such a baby is born in futility + +"such a baby is born for nothing" + +# passes away in darkness + +This speaks of the death of the baby being as unexplainable as "darkness." AT: "dies unexplainably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# its name remains hidden + +This speaks of no one knowing the baby's name as if it were a hidden object. AT: "no one knows its name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/05.md b/ecc/06/05.md index a4222090ca..2bf1b46d02 100644 --- a/ecc/06/05.md +++ b/ecc/06/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Even if a man should live for two thousand years -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] +This is a hypothetical situation. This is also an exaggeration to show that it does not matter how long a person lives if he does not enjoy the good things in life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# two thousand years -* ** it has rest even though that man did not** - A still born child never experienced hardship, it remained at rest. Whereas the man who lived many years without satisfaction lacks rest. -* **Even if a man should live for two thousand years** - This is an exaggeration to show that it does not matter how long a person lives if he does not enjoy the good things in life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **two thousand years** - AT: "2,000 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **but does not learn to enjoy good things** - This is the point, that man needs to learn to enjoy the good things life offers him. +"2,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# he goes to the same place as everyone else + +This means that he dies like all other people. AT: "he dies and go to the same place as everyone else" or "he goes to the grave just like everyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/07.md b/ecc/06/07.md index e2c9b4c88a..7ac64a61bf 100644 --- a/ecc/06/07.md +++ b/ecc/06/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# is for his mouth -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Here putting food in a man's mouth represents feeding him. AT: "is to put food in his mouth" or "is to feed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# his appetite is not satisfied -* **to fill his mouth** - AT: "to put food in his mouth" or "to eat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his appetite is not filled** - AT: "he does not satisfy his appetite" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **what advantage has the wise person over the fool?** - A wise person's wisdom doesn't entitle him to any additional comforts. AT: "the wise person has no advantage over the fool." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What advantage does the poor man have even if he knows how to act in front of other people?** - AT: "The poor man has no advantage even if he knows how to act in front of other people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he does not satisfy his appetite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what advantage has the wise person over the fool? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that a wise person does not have any more lasting benefits than a fool. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "it seems the wise person has no advantage over the fool." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What advantage does the poor man have even if he knows how to act in front of other people? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that a poor man does not have any more lasting benefits than someone else. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The poor man has no advantage even if he knows how to act in front of other people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# how to act + +"how to conduct himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/09.md b/ecc/06/09.md index 71e59c012d..ceee7c8b08 100644 --- a/ecc/06/09.md +++ b/ecc/06/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# what the eyes see -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +A person can see these things because he already has them. AT: "what a person has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to desire what a wandering appetite craves -* **what the eyes see** - A person can see these things because he already has them. AT: "what a person has" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to desire what a wandering appetite craves** - This refers to things that a person wants but does not have. AT: "to want what he does not have" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:01:12]]. -* **Whatever has existed has already been given its name** - AT: "People have already named everything that exists" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **what mankind is like has already been known** - AT: people already know what mankind is like" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to things that a person wants but does not have. AT: "to want what he does not have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind + +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whatever has existed has already been given its name + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People have already named everything that exists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what mankind is like has already been known + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people already know what mankind is like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one who is the mighty judge + +"God, who is the mighty judge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/11.md b/ecc/06/11.md index 9cafb43361..84f3f7da39 100644 --- a/ecc/06/11.md +++ b/ecc/06/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The more words that are spoken -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The more words that people speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the more futility increases -* **The more words that are spoken** - AT: "The more words that people speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the more futility increases** - When there is much talk, the chances for idle, non-encouraging words to be spoken is greater than if only a few words are spoken. AT: "the more meaningless those words are" -* **what advantage is that to a man?** - There is no advantage for a man to talk a lot. AT: "that is no advantage to a man." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For who knows what is good for man...he passes like a shadow?** - AT: "No one knows what is good for man...he passes like a shadow." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **numbered days through which he passes like a shadow** - Life is compared to a shadow that passes quickly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Who can tell a man what will come under the sun after he passes?** - AT: "No one can tell a man what will come under the sun after he passes." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **what will come under the sun** - This is another way of expressing what will happen in the future. AT: "what will happen on earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **after he passes** - This is a polite expression for death. AT: "after he dies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The more a person speaks, the more likely he will speak about meaningless things. AT: "the more meaningless those words are" + +# futility + +being useless, without profit + +# what advantage is that to a man? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no advantage for a man to talk a lot. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "that is no advantage to a man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For who knows what is good for man ... he passes like a shadow? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no person truly knows what is good for man. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one knows what is good for man ... he passes like a shadow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in his life during his futile, numbered days through which he passes like a shadow + +This speaks of how life passes quickly by saying that it is like a shadow that quickly disappears. The phrase "numbered days" emphasizes that a person's life is short. AT: "during his futile, short life, which he passes through as quickly as a shadow passes by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Who can tell a man ... after he passes? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one knows what will happen after a person dies. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can tell a man ... after he passes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what will come under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated "under the sun" in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "what will happen on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# after he passes + +This is a polite expression for death. AT: "after he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/intro.md b/ecc/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d429b0be50 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:7-11, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Satisfaction ##### +While a person may be given a great many things, they are worthless and provide no sense of satisfaction or peace. It is assumed that only Yahweh can provide these things to man. Solomon is depressed that he had everything he could have ever wanted in life, but they were not enough to give him satisfaction or peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/01.md b/ecc/07/01.md index 4cb9aa9392..208f0ae521 100644 --- a/ecc/07/01.md +++ b/ecc/07/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# A good name -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Here a person's "name" is used to represent their reputation. AT: "A good reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# must take this to heart -* **A good name** - AT: "A good reputation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the living must must take this to heart** - They need to consider what kind of name or reputation that they have and will leave behind when they die. AT: "those who are alive must think seriously about this". +This is an idiom. AT: "must think seriously about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/03.md b/ecc/07/03.md index 87791dc643..776c5e7de4 100644 --- a/ecc/07/03.md +++ b/ecc/07/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# sadness of face -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This refers to being sad. AT: "an experience that makes a person sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# gladness of heart -* **sadness of face** - This refers to being sad. AT: "an experience that makes a person sad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **gladness of heart** - Here the word "heart" refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. Gladness describes the state of the emotions of being happy and peaceful. AT: "right thinking" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning** - AT: "Wise people think deeply about death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but the heart of fools is in the house of feasting** - AT: "but foolish people think only about enjoying themselves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2: translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the house of mourning...the house of feasting** - These phrases refer to what happens in these places. +Here the word "heart" refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. "Gladness" describes either 1) the state of the emotions of being happy and peaceful or 2) the ability to understand the truth. AT: "right thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning + +Here wise people are referred to by their "hearts." This speaks of the wise person mourning as being in a house of mourning. AT: "Wise people think deeply about death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but the heart of fools is in the house of feasting + +Here foolish people are referred to by their "hearts." This speaks of foolish people thinking only about what makes them happy as being in a house of feasting. AT: "but foolish people think only about enjoying themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of mourning ... the house of feasting + +These phrases refer to what happens in these places. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/05.md b/ecc/07/05.md index 9441a235aa..005296b0a9 100644 --- a/ecc/07/05.md +++ b/ecc/07/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to the rebuke of the wise -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:thorn]] +The word "rebuke" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "when wise people rebuke you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# to listen to the song of fools -* **to the rebuke of the wise** - AT: "when wise people rebuke you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **to listen to the song of fools** - AT: "to listen to fools sing" -* **like the crackling of thorns burning under a pot so also is the laughter of fools** - The "laughter of fools" is compared to burning thorns that are loud but quickly burn out. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"to listen to fools sing" + +# For like the crackling of thorns burning under a pot, so also is the laughter of fools + +This speaks of how listening to fools talk and laugh will teach you nothing, as if their speech and laughter were the sound of burning thorns. AT: "For listening to the laughter of fools will not teach a man any more than if he were listening to the crackling of thorns burning under a pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were 'vapor.' See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/07.md b/ecc/07/07.md index 73394d165a..14d5eebb76 100644 --- a/ecc/07/07.md +++ b/ecc/07/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Extortion -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +This refers to forcing someone to give money or other valuable items to another so that the other person does not harm him. It is considered wrong. -## translationNotes +# makes a wise man foolish -* **Extortion** - This refers to forcing someone to give money or other valuable items to another so that the other person does not harm him. It is considered wrong. -* **makes a wise man foolish** - Possible meanings are 1) "turns the wise man into a foolish man" or 2) "makes the advice of the wise man appear to be foolish advice." -* **corrupts the heart** - Here the word "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "ruins a person's ability to think and judge rightly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "turns the wise man into a foolish man" or 2) "makes the advice of the wise man appear to be foolish advice." + +# corrupts the heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "ruins a person's ability to think and judge rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/08.md b/ecc/07/08.md index 1666939169..5fa8139985 100644 --- a/ecc/07/08.md +++ b/ecc/07/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the people patient in spirit are better than the proud in spirit -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude. AT: "patient people are better than proud people" or "a patient attitude is better than a prideful attitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not be quick to anger in your spirit -* **the people patient in spirit are better than the proud in spirit** - Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude. AT: "patient people are better than proud people" or "a patient attitude is better than a prideful attitude" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Do not be quick to anger in your spirit** - AT: "Do not become angry quickly" or "Do not have a bad temper" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **anger resides in the hearts of fools** - Anger is compared to something that lives inside of foolish people. AT: "foolish people are full of anger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude. AT: "Do not become angry quickly" or "Do not have a bad temper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# anger resides in the hearts of fools + +This speaks of a person being full of anger as if the anger lived inside him. This speaks of the anger being in the person's heart because the "heart" is thought to be the source of a person's emotions. AT: "foolish people are full of anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/10.md b/ecc/07/10.md index 6a13a9de03..faad6aa0af 100644 --- a/ecc/07/10.md +++ b/ecc/07/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Why were the days of old better than these? -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The person asks this rhetorical question in order to complain about the present time. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Things were better in the past than they are now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# it is not because of wisdom that you ask this question -* **Why were the days of old better than these?** - The person asks this question in order to complain about the present time. AT: "Things were better in the past than they are now" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **it is not because of wisdom that you ask this question** - The person making this statement is not comparing the present and past logically, but subjectively. AT: "if you were wise you would not ask this question" or "asking this question shows that you are not wise" +Here the author uses irony to rebuke the person's question. AT: "if you were wise you would not ask this question" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/11.md b/ecc/07/11.md index 5534632934..4b89c12ad1 100644 --- a/ecc/07/11.md +++ b/ecc/07/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# those who see the sun -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This is an idiom. AT: "those who are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom gives life -* **those who see the sun** - AT: "those who are alive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom gives life** - Possible meanings are 1) that "knowledge" and "wisdom" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis, or 2) "the advantage of knowing wisdom is that it gives life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **gives life to whoever has it** - "it" refers to wisdom. Knowledge and wisdom "gives life" in different ways. Choosing good investments, making good friends, choosing healthy life styles, living at peace with others are just some ways of how wisdom "gives life". +Possible meanings are 1) that the writer uses the words "knowledge" and "wisdom" to mean the same thing, or 2) "the advantage of knowing wisdom is that it gives life." + +# gives life to whoever has it + +This speaks of how wisdom helps to preserve a person's life as if it gave life to that person. When a person is wise he makes good decisions that help him to live a more prosperous and longer life. AT: "preserves a person's life" or "helps a person to make good decisions and to live a longer life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/13.md b/ecc/07/13.md index 61ffd8e94b..af1d54c808 100644 --- a/ecc/07/13.md +++ b/ecc/07/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Who can straighten out anything he has made crooked? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Who can straighten out anything he has made crooked?** - AT: "No one can straighten out anything he has made crooked." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can change something that God has done. This can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can straighten out anything he has made crooked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/14.md b/ecc/07/14.md index b2305fa9f7..851e874aa4 100644 --- a/ecc/07/14.md +++ b/ecc/07/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When times are good ... when times are bad +The word "times" is an idiom for "things happening." AT: "When good things happen ... when bad things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# live happily in that good -* **When times are good...when times are bad** - AT: "When good things happen...when bad things happen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **live happily in that good** - AT: "be happy about those good things" -* **side by side** - AT: "at the same time" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **anything that is coming after him** - Possible meanings are 1) "anything that happens in the future" or 2) "anything that happens in the world after he dies" or 3) "anything that happens to him after he dies." +"be happy about those good things" + +# both to exist side by side + +The phrase "side by side" is an idiom that means "this one" and "this one." AT: "both to exist" or "there to be both good and bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# anything that is coming after him + +Possible meanings are 1) "anything that happens in the future" or 2) "anything that happens to him after he dies." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/15.md b/ecc/07/15.md index b771c35b52..10ad2f4229 100644 --- a/ecc/07/15.md +++ b/ecc/07/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# in my meaningless days -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"in my meaningless life" -## translationNotes +# in spite of their righteousness -* **in spite of their righteousness** - "even though they are righteous" -* **self-righteous, wise in your own eyes** - righteous, wise in your own eyes** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Do not be self-righteous** - righteous** - "Do not think that you are more righteous than you actually are" -* **wise in your own eyes** - AT: "wise in your own opinion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Why should you destroy yourself?** - The writer uses this question to emphasize that being self-righteous destroys a person. AT: "There is no reason to destroy yourself." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"even though they are righteous" + +# in spite of their evil + +"even though they are evil" + +# self-righteous, wise in your own eyes + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Do not be self-righteous + +"Do not think that you are more righteous than you actually are" + +# wise in your own eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "being wise in your own opinion" or "being wise according to your own judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why should you destroy yourself? + +The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that being self-righteous destroys a person. AT: "There is no reason to destroy yourself." or "If you think this way you will destroy yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/17.md b/ecc/07/17.md index 9de91014a4..881e99c93a 100644 --- a/ecc/07/17.md +++ b/ecc/07/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Why should you die before your time? -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no reason for people to do things that will cause them to die early. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is no reason for you to die sooner than you should." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# take hold of this wisdom -* **Why should you die before your time?** - AT: "There is no reason for you to die sooner than you should." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **take hold of...not withdraw your hand** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **take hold of this wisdom** - AT: "commit yourself to this wisdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you should not withdraw your hand from righteousness** - AT: "you should not stop trying to be righteous" or "you should keep trying to be righteous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will meet all his obligations** - AT: "will meet all his commitments" or "will keep his promises". +This speaks of striving to be wise as if "wisdom" were an object that a person could hold on to. AT: "commit yourself to this wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you should not let go of righteousness + +This speaks of striving to be righteous as if "righteousness" were an object that a person could hold on to. AT: "you should not stop trying to be righteous" or "you should keep trying to be righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will meet all his obligations + +"will do everything that God expects of him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/19.md b/ecc/07/19.md index 655ca7a160..cbfb658014 100644 --- a/ecc/07/19.md +++ b/ecc/07/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Wisdom is powerful in the wise man, more than ten rulers in a city -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"Wisdom makes a man powerful; it makes him more powerful than ten rulers in a city" -## translationNotes +# does good and never sins -* **more than ten rulers in a city** - Wisdom is being compared to many city rulers. Wisdom can make a person more important than many city rulers. -* **does good and never sins** - AT: "does good works and does not sin" +"does good things and does not sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/21.md b/ecc/07/21.md index 4ac4ceb3ac..cc3360c8cd 100644 --- a/ecc/07/21.md +++ b/ecc/07/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# every word that is spoken -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This can be written in active form. AT: "everything that people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# you know yourself -* **every word that is spoken** - AT: "everything that people say" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you know yourself** - "you yourself know." Here "yourself" is used to emphasize that "you know." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **in your own heart** - AT: "in your own thoughts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"you yourself know." Here "yourself" is used to emphasize the phrase "you know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# in your own heart + +Here a person's thoughts are represented by their "heart." AT: "in your own thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/23.md b/ecc/07/23.md index 7ef83e1ce6..a52029f5e3 100644 --- a/ecc/07/23.md +++ b/ecc/07/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# All this have I proven -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +here the word "this" refers to all of the things the author has written about. AT: "All this that I have already written about have I proven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# it was more than I could be -* **All this have I proven** - "All this that I have already wrote about have I proven" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **it was more than I could be** - "it was beyond my ability to understand" -* **far off and very deep** - Wisdom was difficult to grasp. When there was understanding, it was very limited. It required deeper insight than the author was able to gain. AT: "difficult to understand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Who can find it?** - The writer uses this question to emphasize the difficulty in understanding wisdom. AT: "No one can understand it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I turned my heart** - Here the word "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "I turned my thoughts" or "I determined" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"it was beyond my ability to understand" or "but I was not able to do it" + +# far off and very deep + +This speaks of wisdom being difficult to understand as if it were something located far away or in a very deep place. AT: "difficult to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Who can find it? + +The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize the difficulty in understanding wisdom. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can understand it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I turned my heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the mind. Also, here the word "turned" is an idiom. AT: "I directed my thoughts" or "I determined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the explanations of reality + +"the reason for things." This word "explanations" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "how to explain various things in life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/26.md b/ecc/07/26.md index 84560e7a28..9f8039526f 100644 --- a/ecc/07/26.md +++ b/ecc/07/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# any woman whose heart is full of snares and nets, and whose hands are chains -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] +The writer says that the seductive woman is like traps that hunters use to catch animals. The author speaks of a woman being seductive as if she traps men like a hunter traps animals. Her "heart" represents her thoughts and emotions. AT: "any woman who traps men by seducing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# snares and nets -* **any woman whose heart is full of snares and nets, and whose hands are chains** - The writer says that the seductive woman is like traps that hunters use to catch animals. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **whose heart is full of snares and nets** - Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. This is a woman who is only interested in self gain. AT: "who wants to trap someone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **snares and nets** - She continually thinks of ways of trapping men into having to give her things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **whose hands are chains** - Here the word "hands" refers to power or control. AT: "from whom no one can escape" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the sinner will be taken by her** - AT: "she will capture the sinner" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These two words both refer to ways in which people trap animals to emphasize how the woman traps men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# whose hands are chains + +Here the word "hands" refers to her power and control. This speaks of her being seductive as if hands were chains that she bound people with. AT: "from whom no one can escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sinner will be taken by her + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she will capture the sinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/27.md b/ecc/07/27.md index 93d051aa7a..d2d0c1cd16 100644 --- a/ecc/07/27.md +++ b/ecc/07/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# adding one discovery to another -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +The word "discovery" can be expressed as a verb. The word "adding" here is used as an idiom. AT: "discovering one thing after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# in order to find an explanation of reality -* **adding one discovery to another** - AT: "discovering one thing after another" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in order to find an explanation of reality** - AT: "in order to be able to explain life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **looking for in my mind** - AT: "trying to understand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **one righteous man among a thousand** - Only one righteous man was found in a group of 1000 men. AT: "1 righteous man among 1000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **a woman among all those** - There were no righteous women found in a group of 1000 women. +This word "explanation" can be expressed as a verb. See how the phrase "explanations of reality" is translated in [Ecclesiastes 7:25](./23.md). AT: "in order to be able to explain things in life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# one righteous man among a thousand + +"1 righteous man among 1,000." Only one righteous man was found in a group of 1,000 people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a woman among all those + +There were no righteous women found in a group of 1,000 people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/29.md b/ecc/07/29.md index a8042786f5..ed482bb591 100644 --- a/ecc/07/29.md +++ b/ecc/07/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# they have gone away looking for many difficulties -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +Possible meanings are 1) "they have made many sinful plans" or 2) "they have made their own lives difficult." -## translationNotes +# they have gone away -* **they have gone away looking for many difficulties** - Possible meanings are 1) "they have made many sinful plans" or 2) "they have made their own lives difficult." -* **they have gone away** - Here the word "they" refers to "humanity." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_singularpronouns]]) +Here the word "they" refers to "humanity." This speaks of humanity changing from being upright to not being upright as if they were going from one place to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/intro.md b/ecc/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e693ab756e --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 7, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Advice ##### +This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/01.md b/ecc/08/01.md index ce9d5a9607..ecc7168ca3 100644 --- a/ecc/08/01.md +++ b/ecc/08/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Who is a wise man? Who knows what the events in life mean? +The writer asks these as leading questions to provide the answer in what he says next. -## translationNotes +# causes his face to shine -* **What is a wise man?** - The writer asks this as a leading question to provide the answer in what he says next. -* **causes his face to shine** - This means that the person's face will show that he has wisdom. AT: "shows on his face" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the hardness of his face** - AT: "his harsh appearance" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This means that the person's face will show that he has wisdom. AT: "shows on his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the hardness of his face + +This is an idiom. AT: "his harsh appearance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# is changed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "changes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/02.md b/ecc/08/02.md index 2d274e0ca4..ee33298a41 100644 --- a/ecc/08/02.md +++ b/ecc/08/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# God's oath to protect him -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"the oath you made before God to protect him" -## translationNotes +# Do not hurry out of his presence -* **God's oath to protect him** - "the oath you made before God to protect him" -* **Do not hurry out of his presence** - Possible meanings are 1) do not be hasty to physically leave his presence or 2) to remain loyal to the King, do not hastily abandon him for another. -* **The king’s word rules** - AT: "What the king says is the law" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who will say to him** - AT: "no one can say to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What are you doing?** - AT: "You should not be doing what you are doing." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) not to be hasty to physically leave the king's presence or 2) This is a metaphor that speaks of being loyal to the king as being in his presence. AT: "Do not abandon the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The king's word rules + +"What the king says is the law" + +# who will say to him + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that no one will ask the king the following question. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "no one can say to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What are you doing? + +This rhetorical question is a rebuke. This question can be written as as statement. AT: "You should not be doing what you are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/05.md b/ecc/08/05.md index 9b9981743a..812eff5c33 100644 --- a/ecc/08/05.md +++ b/ecc/08/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# A wise man's heart recognizes -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Here a man is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his thoughts. AT: "A wise man recognizes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the proper course and time of action -* **A wise man’s heart recognizes** - the "heart" refers to thoughts. AT: "A wise man recognizes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Who can tell him what is coming?** - This question emphasizes that no one know what will happen in the future. AT: "No one can tell him what is coming." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"the correct time to do things and the right way to do them" + +# Who can tell him what is coming? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that no one knows what will happen in the future. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can tell him what is coming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/08.md b/ecc/08/08.md index b7c732e4de..6687c6cd23 100644 --- a/ecc/08/08.md +++ b/ecc/08/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# No one is ruler over his breath so as to stop the breath ... no one has power over the day of his death -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Just as no one has the ability to stop himself from breathing, no one can continue living when it is time to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# No one is ruler -* **No one has power over the breath of life to stop breathing, and no one has power over the day of his death** - Just as no one has the ability to control the wind, no one can continue living when it is their time to die. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **power over the breath of life to stop breathing** - possible meanings are 1) no one can control the wind, 2) This means that no one is able to hold on to life when it is time to die. -* **wickedness will not rescue those who are its slaves** - The writer speaks of wickedness as if it is a master who owns slaves. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **applied my heart** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:01:16]]. -* **every kind of work that is done** - AT: "every kind of work that people do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "ruler" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "No one has control" + +# the day of his death + +This is an idiom. AT: "when he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# discharged + +"allowed to leave" + +# wickedness will not rescue those who are its slaves + +This speaks of wickedness as if it were a master who had slaves. AT: "evil people will not be saved by doing what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I have applied my heart + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/16.md). AT: "I applied myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# every kind of work that is done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "every kind of work that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# There is a time when a person oppresses another person to that person's hurt + +"Sometimes one person will oppress another, causing that person to be hurt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/10.md b/ecc/08/10.md index 253ab7cf2e..7125daa35d 100644 --- a/ecc/08/10.md +++ b/ecc/08/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the wicked buried publicly -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:criminal]] +This can be stated in active form. Evil people that died were given honorable burials. AT: "people bury the wicked publicly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# They were taken from the holy area and buried and were praised by people -* **the wicked buried publicly** - Evil people that died were given honorable burials. Implied was that their bodies should have been thrown onto the city refuse heap or such. AT: "people bury the wicked publicly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They were taken from the holy area and buried and were praised by people** - AT: "People took them from the holy area and buried them and praised them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **When a sentence against an evil crime is not executed quickly** - AT: "When people in authority do not quickly execute a sentence against an evil crime" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **entices the hearts of the human beings** - Here the word "heart" refers to the will. AT: "entices human beings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People took them from the holy area and buried them and praised them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When a sentence against an evil crime is not executed quickly + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When people in authority do not quickly execute a sentence against an evil crime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# entices the hearts of human beings + +Here people are represented by their "hearts" to emphasize their will and desires. AT: "entices human beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/12.md b/ecc/08/12.md index 7649bbda10..2180246f24 100644 --- a/ecc/08/12.md +++ b/ecc/08/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# a hundred times -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +"100 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# it will be better for those who respect God -* **a hundred times** - AT: "100 times" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **it will be well with those who respect God** - AT: "life will go well for those who respect God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **who respect God, who honor his presence** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **his life will not be prolonged** - AT: "God will not prolong his life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **His days are like a fleeting shadow** - Possible meanings are 1) the writer compares the length of the wicked person's life to a shadow that passes quickly or 2) the quality or enjoyment of life is fleeting to a wicked person, there is no substance to his life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The phrase "it will be better" is an idiom. AT: "life will be better for those who respect God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who respect God ... who stand before him and show him respect + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize people respecting God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his life will not be prolonged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not prolong his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# His days are like a fleeting shadow + +This speaks of how the wicked man's life passes quickly by saying that it is like a shadow that quickly disappears. AT: "His days will pass as quickly as a shadow disappears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# His days are + +"His life is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/14.md b/ecc/08/14.md index 9eeb7d3b62..51988cbd1e 100644 --- a/ecc/08/14.md +++ b/ecc/08/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# There is another useless vapor -* [[en:tw:earth]] +"There is another useless mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were "vapor." See how you translated the word "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "There is something else as useless as vapor" or "There is something else meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# something else that is done on the earth -* **useless vapor** - "meaningless" or "futility". Things that happen but shouldn't. Such as good things happening to wicked people and bad things happening to good people. -* **something else that is done on the earth** - AT: "something else that people do on the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for all the days of his life that God has given him** - AT: “for as long as God allows him to live” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "something else that people do on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this also is useless vapor + +"this also is useless mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were 'vapor.' See how you translated the word "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "this also is as useless as vapor" or "this also is meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for all the days of his life that God has given him + +This is an idiom. AT: "for as long as God allows him to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/16.md b/ecc/08/16.md index 036fa64929..a3edb15c37 100644 --- a/ecc/08/16.md +++ b/ecc/08/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I applied my heart -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/16.md). AT: "I applied myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the work that is done on the earth -* **applied my heart** - to apply one's mind and understanding towards figuring out something. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:01:16]]. -* **the work that is done on the earth** - AT: "the work that people do on the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **without sleep for the eyes** - AT: "without sleeping" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **the work that is done under the sun** - Possible meanings are 1) "the work that God does under the sun" or 2) "the work that God allows people to do under the sun." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the work that people do on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# without sleep for the eyes + +Here a person is represented by his "eyes." AT: "without sleeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the work that is done under the sun + +Possible meanings are 1) "the work that God does under the sun" or 2) "the work that God allows people to do under the sun." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/intro.md b/ecc/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72b02793a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 8, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom ##### +Solomon, known for his wisdom, gives a detailed description of wisdom. True wisdom is seeking to honor God. This is the only thing that lasts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/01.md b/ecc/09/01.md index 4f6e423d24..15932ee597 100644 --- a/ecc/09/01.md +++ b/ecc/09/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I thought about all this in my mind -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"I thought very deeply about all this" -## translationNotes +# They are all in God's hands -* **I thought about all this in my mind** - AT: "I thought very deeply about all this" -* **They are all in God's hands** - Here the word "they" refers to "the righteous and wise people" as well as "their deeds." -* **in God's hands** - Here the word "hands" refers to power and authority. AT: "under God's control" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "they" refers to "the righteous and wise people" as well as "their deeds." + +# in God's hands + +Here the word "hands" refers to power and authority. AT: "under God's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whether love or hate will come to someone + +This speaks of "love" and "hate" as if they are people that may come to visit someone else. AT: "whether someone will experience love or hate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/02.md b/ecc/09/02.md index 9888596b6a..312c4ce9ce 100644 --- a/ecc/09/02.md +++ b/ecc/09/02.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# righteous people and wicked -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +This refers to all people, emphasizing the two opposites of righteous and wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# wicked ... the good ... the clean and the unclean -* All will die -* **righteous and the wicked** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **good and the bad** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* ** clean and the unclean** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **sacrifices and the one who does not sacrifice** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **As the good...so also will the sinner** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* ** one who swears...so also will the man who fears to make an oath** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +All of these phrases refer to people. AT: "wicked people ... good people ... clean people and unclean people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the clean and the unclean + +This refers to all people, emphasizing the two opposites of clean and unclean people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the clean + +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the unclean + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who sacrifices and the one who does not sacrifice + +This refers to all people, emphasizing the two opposites of those who sacrifice and those who do not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# As good people ... so also will the sinner + +This refers to all people, emphasizing the two opposites of good people and sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# will the sinner ... will the man who fears to make an oath + +It is understood that this refers to people dying. AT: "the sinner will die ... the man who fears to make an oath will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the one who swears ... so also will the man who fears to make an oath + +This refers to all people, emphasizing the two opposites of those who swear oaths and those who do not.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/03.md b/ecc/09/03.md index d5975616b3..39bed66eac 100644 --- a/ecc/09/03.md +++ b/ecc/09/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# everything that is done -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that happens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# under the sun -* **everything that is done** - AT: "everything that people do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **one destiny** - Here the word "destiny" refers to death. -* **The hearts of human beings are full of evil, and madness is in their hearts** - Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and emotions. AT: "Human beings are full of evil, and their thoughts are madness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they go to the dead** - AT: "they go to the place of the dead" or "they die". +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# one destiny for everyone + +Here the word "destiny" refers to death. AT: "everyone dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The hearts of human beings are full of evil, and madness is in their hearts + +Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and emotions. AT: "Human beings are full of evil, and their thoughts are of madness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# madness + +"folly" + +# they go to the dead + +The phrase "the dead" refers to dead people. Here dead people represent the place where people go after they die. AT: "they go to the place where dead people are" or "they die and go to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/04.md b/ecc/09/04.md index 51d1bc70c3..0c9ac01df7 100644 --- a/ecc/09/04.md +++ b/ecc/09/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the living ... the dead -* [[en:tw:lion]] +This refers to people who are alive and people who are dead. AT: "who are alive ... those who are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# just as a living dog is better than a dead lion -* **their memory is forgotten** - AT: "people forget them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A "dog" was considered a lowly animal while a lion was considered a noble animal. This speaks of it being better to be lowly and alive than to be considered noble and dead. AT: "It is better to be lowly like a dog and to be alive than to be noble like a lion and to be dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their memory is forgotten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will forget them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/06.md b/ecc/09/06.md index 582361748e..3744eaf338 100644 --- a/ecc/09/06.md +++ b/ecc/09/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Their love, hatred, and envy -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This refers to the love, hatred, and envy that the dead people showed others when they were alive. -## translationNotes +# anything done -* **anything done under the sun** - AT: "anything that people do under the sun" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with a happy heart** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **eat your bread with joy** - AT: "enjoy your food" -* **drink your wine with a happy heart** - Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "drink your wine joyfully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Let your clothes be always white and your head anointed with oil** - Wearing white clothes and anointing one's head with oil were both signs of gladness and celebration. -* **your head anointed with oil** - AT: "anoint your head with oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "anything that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with a happy heart + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of enjoying the basic activities of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your bread + +This refers to food in general. AT: "your food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# drink your wine with a happy heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "drink your wine joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let your clothes be always white and your head anointed with oil + +Wearing white clothes and anointing one's head with oil were both signs of gladness and celebration. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# your head anointed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "anoint your head with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/09.md b/ecc/09/09.md index 9ba4f947d9..cf71756fba 100644 --- a/ecc/09/09.md +++ b/ecc/09/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Live happily with the wife whom you love -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +One should love the wife he has. AT: "Since you have a wife whom you love, live happily with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# under the sun -* **Live happily with the wife whom you love** - One should love the wife he has. AT: "Since you have a wife whom you love, live happily with her" -* **Whatever your hand finds to do** - AT: "Whatever you are able to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **there is no work or explanation or knowledge or wisdom** - AT: "the dead do not work or explain or know or have wisdom" +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your days + +"your lifetime" + +# That is your reward + +The word "that" refers to living happily with his wife. + +# Whatever your hand finds to do + +Here a person is represented by his "hand" since a person often uses his hands to work. AT: "Whatever you are able to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# there is no work or explanation or knowledge or wisdom + +The nouns "work, "explanation," and "knowledge" can be expressed as verbs. AT: "the dead do not work or explain or know or have wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/11.md b/ecc/09/11.md index 15de176cdf..2208af7907 100644 --- a/ecc/09/11.md +++ b/ecc/09/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# under the sun -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# The race does not belong to ... The battle does not belong to -* **time and chance affect them all** - AT: "what happens and when it happens affect them all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **affect them all** - Here the words "them all" refer to race, battle, bread, riches, and favor. -* **like fish...like birds...Like animals, human beings** - Death catches human beings when they do not expect it, just like people catch animals when they do not expect it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **in evil times that suddenly fall on them** - Possible meanings are 1) "in bad circumstances that suddenly happen to them" or 2) "by death that suddenly overtakes them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"The race is not always won by ... The battle is not always won by" + +# Bread + +Here "Bread" refers to food in general. AT: "Food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# time and chance affect them all + +This is an idiom. AT: "what happens and when it happens affect them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# affect them all + +"affects all these things." Here the words "them all" refer to race, battle, bread, riches, and favor. + +# when his time will come + +This refers to when a person dies. AT: "when he will die" or "when the time of his death will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# fish are caught ... birds are caught ... the children of human beings are ensnared + +This speaks of people dying when they do not expect it, in the same way that people catch animals and kill them when they do not expect it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the children of human beings are ensnared by evil times + +This can be stated in active form. Also, this speaks of people experiencing disaster and unfortunate times as if they were being imprisoned or trapped. AT: "evil times are coming upon the children of human beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that suddenly fall upon them + +This is an idiom. AT: "at times when they do not expect them to happen" or "that suddenly happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/13.md b/ecc/09/13.md index ee4282b249..77d82cb5f7 100644 --- a/ecc/09/13.md +++ b/ecc/09/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# under the sun -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# a great king came against it -* **in the city was found a poor, wise man** - AT: "in the city, people found a poor, wise man" or "a poor, wise man lived in the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the "king" represents himself and his whole army. AT: "a great king and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# great siege ramps + +This refers to dirt ramps the army built up against the city walk so that they could climb up and attack the city. + +# in the city was found a poor, wise man + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in the city, people found a poor, wise man" or "a poor, wise man lived in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/16.md b/ecc/09/16.md index d7671f9dad..c08876b6de 100644 --- a/ecc/09/16.md +++ b/ecc/09/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the poor man's wisdom is despised -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people despise the poor man's wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# his words are not heard -* **the poor man’s wisdom is despised** - Since the man was poor, the people did not appreciate the man's wisdom, nor honor him for his wisdom. AT: "people despise the poor man's wisdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his words are not heard** - They people stopped listening to him. AT: "they do not listen to what he says" or "they do not take his advice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +this can be stated in active form. AT: "they do not listen to what he says" or "they do not take his advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/17.md b/ecc/09/17.md index 6e43edf36b..00353da107 100644 --- a/ecc/09/17.md +++ b/ecc/09/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The words of wise people spoken quietly are heard better -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] - -## translationNotes - -* **are heard better** - AT: "are understood better" +Here "heard" represents understanding. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is easier to understands the words that wise people speak quietly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/intro.md b/ecc/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aca3ea3187 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 9, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judgment ##### +This chapter explains that there is one thing that awaits all people: judgment. When people die, they will all face Yahweh's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/01.md b/ecc/10/01.md index 99dc7435d0..8266d9a8dd 100644 --- a/ecc/10/01.md +++ b/ecc/10/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# As dead flies ... so a little folly +Just as flies can ruin perfume, so folly can ruin a person's reputation for wisdom and honor. This speaks of how a little folly can ruin a person's reputation in the same way that a few dead flies ruin perfume. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# a little folly can overpower wisdom and honor -* **As dead flies...so a little folly** - Just as flies can ruin perfume, so folly can ruin a person's reputation for wisdom and honor.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **The heart of a wise person...the heart of a fool** - Here the word "heart" refers to the mind or will. AT: "The way a wise person thinks...the way a fool thinks" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **tends to the right...tends to the left** - Here the words "right" and "left" refer to what is right and wrong. AT: "tends to doing what is right...tends to doing what is wrong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his thinking is deficient** - AT: "he is stupid" +This speaks of how a person acting foolishly can ruin his reputation as if his "folly" and "wisdom and honor" were people and that his folly overpowered his wisdom and honor. AT: "committing a little folly can ruin a person's wisdom and honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The heart of a wise person ... the heart of a fool + +Here the word "heart" refers to the mind or will. AT: "The way a wise person thinks ... the way a fool thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tends to the right ... tends to the left + +Here the words "right" and "left" refer to what is right and wrong. AT: "tends to doing what is right ... tends to doing what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his thinking is deficient + +This refers to the way that he acts. AT: "he is stupid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/04.md b/ecc/10/04.md index 3a02ef531c..2fc87ee7b4 100644 --- a/ecc/10/04.md +++ b/ecc/10/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If the emotions of a ruler rise up against you +Here a ruler is represented by his "emotions" AT: "If a ruler becomes angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Calm can quiet down great outrage -* **If the emotions of a ruler rise up against you** - AT: "If a ruler becomes angry with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"By remaining calm you may cause an outraged person to become quiet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/05.md b/ecc/10/05.md index b264a56194..0dd39fcdf7 100644 --- a/ecc/10/05.md +++ b/ecc/10/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# under the sun +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Fools are given leadership positions -* **Fools are given leadership positions** - AT: "Rulers give positions of leadership to fools" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **successful men are given low positions** - AT: "they give low positions to successful men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Rulers give positions of leadership to fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# successful men are given low positions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they give low positions to successful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# low positions + +This is an idiom. AT" "unimportant positions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# successful men walking like slaves on the ground + +This speaks of successful men walking like slaves walk, because slaves were usually forced to walk and were not permitted to ride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/08.md b/ecc/10/08.md index 92c8d9804b..9193e34b5c 100644 --- a/ecc/10/08.md +++ b/ecc/10/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a snake can bite him +This refers to a snake that was hiding inside the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# cuts out stones -* Work is not without risks. -* **can be hurt by them** - AT: "those stones can hurt him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers working in a quarry and cutting larger stones. + +# can be hurt by them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those stones can hurt him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is endangered by it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the wood may injure him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/10.md b/ecc/10/10.md index 5cf3b76513..a543eb0c47 100644 --- a/ecc/10/10.md +++ b/ecc/10/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# wisdom provides an advantage for success -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +A wise person would have sharpened his blade and would not have had to work so hard. -## translationNotes +# before it is charmed -* Some proverbs -* **wisdom provides an advantage for success** - A wise person would have sharpened his blade and would not have had to work so hard. -* **before it is charmed** - AT: "before the snake charmer charms it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "before the snake charmer charms it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/12.md b/ecc/10/12.md index 7edc88b95c..6c54a919a0 100644 --- a/ecc/10/12.md +++ b/ecc/10/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The words of a wise man's mouth are gracious -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here the wise man's speech is represented by his "mouth." AT: "The things that a wise man says are gracious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the lips of a fool consume him -* Proverbs continued. -* **The words of a wise man’s mouth are gracious** - AT: "The things that a wise man says are gracious" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the lips of a fool swallow himself** - Here the word "swallow" has the sense of destroy. AT: "The things that a foolish man says destroy him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the fool's speech is represented by his "lips." This speaks of the fool destroying himself by his speech as if it were eating him. AT: "The things that a foolish man says destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/13.md b/ecc/10/13.md index 971524e38c..efb4530055 100644 --- a/ecc/10/13.md +++ b/ecc/10/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# As words begin to flow from a fool's mouth -* [[en:tw:know]] +A fool's speech is represented by his "mouth." AT: "As a fool begins to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# at the end his mouth flows with wicked madness -* **As words begin to flow from a fool's mouth** - AT: "As a fool begins to speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **at the end his mouth flows with wicked madness** - AT: "as he finishes talking, he speaks wicked madness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **A fool multiplies words** - AT: "A fool keeps on talking" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **no one knows what is coming** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ecc:08:05]]. -* **Who knows what is coming after him?** - The writer asks this question to emphasize that no one know what will happen in the future. AT: “No one knows what is coming after him.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +A fool's speech is represented by his "mouth." AT: "as he finishes talking, he speaks wicked madness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# multiplies words + +This is an idiom. AT: "keeps on talking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# what is coming + +"what will happen in the future" + +# Who knows what is coming after him? + +The writer asks this question to emphasize that no one knows what will happen in the future after one's death. This question can be written as as statement. AT: "No one knows what is coming after him." or "No one knows what will happen after he dies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/15.md b/ecc/10/15.md index c098881ffb..d4270a5094 100644 --- a/ecc/10/15.md +++ b/ecc/10/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# wearies them +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Fools become weary by their toil" or "Fools feel tired by the work that they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# so that they do not even know the road to town -* **wearies them** - "causes them to feel tired" -* **so they do not even know the road to town** - Possible meanings are 1) that the foolish person becomes so tired from working too hard that he is unable to find his way anywhere, or 2) that the foolish person becomes tired from working too hard because he does not know enough to go home. +Possible meanings are 1) "so much that he is unable to find the road to town." That the foolish person becomes so tired from working too hard that he is unable to find his way anywhere, or 2) "because he does not even know the way to town." That the foolish person becomes tired from working too hard because he does not know enough to go home. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/16.md b/ecc/10/16.md index 50e02e8309..9399fcdaeb 100644 --- a/ecc/10/16.md +++ b/ecc/10/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Woe to you, land ... blessed are you, land -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +In these verse, the writer is speaking to the nation as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# if your king is a young boy -* **if your king is young** - This means that the king is inexperienced or immature. -* **begin feasting in the morning** - This implies that the leaders are more concerned with having a good time than with leading the nation. -* **the land is happy** - AT: "the people living in the land are happy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* ** king is the son of nobles** - This implies that the son has been trained by his elders in the customs of being a good king. +This means that the king is inexperienced or immature. + +# begin feasting in the morning + +This implies that the leaders are more concerned with having a good time than with leading the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# king is the son of nobles + +This implies that the son has been trained by his elders in the customs of being a good king. AT: "king has trained by nobles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for strength, and not for drunkenness + +This explains why the blessed leaders eat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/18.md b/ecc/10/18.md index f5763ba5ce..5081c16af1 100644 --- a/ecc/10/18.md +++ b/ecc/10/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Because of laziness the roof sinks in -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +A lazy person does not keep up on the regular house maintenance. AT: "Because a lazy person does not repair his house, the roof sinks in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# because of idle hands -* **Because of laziness the roof sinks in** - A lazy person does not keep up on the regular house maintenance. -* **because of idle hands** - AT: "because of an idle person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **People prepare food for laughter** - AT: "People prepare food in order to laugh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **wine brings enjoyment to life** - AT: "wine helps people to enjoy life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **money fills the need for everything** - Possible meanings are 1) "money provides for every need" or 2) "money provides for both food and wine." +Here a person is represented by his "hands" AT: "because of an idle person" or "because the person is idle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the house leaks + +Here the roof is represented by the whole house. AT: "the roof leaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# People prepare food for laughter + +The word "laughter" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "People prepare food in order to laugh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# wine brings enjoyment to life + +The word "enjoyment" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "wine helps people to enjoy life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# money fills the need for everything + +Possible meanings are 1) "money provides for every need" or 2) "money provides for both food and wine" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/20.md b/ecc/10/20.md index 6a1a89479a..4e6ee42111 100644 --- a/ecc/10/20.md +++ b/ecc/10/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# not even in your mind -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +A person's thoughts are represented by the person's "mind." AT: "not even in your thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# rich people in your bedroom -* **not even in your mind** - AT: "not even in your thoughts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the rich in your bedroom** - "the rich when you are in your bedroom." This means that you should not curse rich people even when you are in a private place where no one else will hear. -* **For a bird of the sky. . .can spread the matter** - These two lines mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. The writer uses the metaphor of a bird to say that people will find out what you have said, one way or another. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"rich people when you are in your bedroom." This means that you should not curse rich people even when you are in a private place where no one else will hear. + +# For a bird of the sky ... can spread the matter + +These two lines mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. This speaks of people finding out what you have said as if a small bird would hear what you say and tell other people. AT: "For a bird may hear what you say and tell the matter to other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/intro.md b/ecc/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..532ea232fc --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 10, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Advice ##### +This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/11/01.md b/ecc/11/01.md index e8017d68cd..3918651f88 100644 --- a/ecc/11/01.md +++ b/ecc/11/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Send out your bread on the waters, for you will find it again after many days -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that means a person should be generous with his possessions and will then receive generously from others , or 2) that a person should invest his resources overseas and will make a profit from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Share it with seven, even eight people -* **Send out your bread on the waters, for you will find it again after many days** - Possible meanings are 1) that a person should be generous with his possessions and will then receive generously from others (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]), or 2) that a person should invest his resources overseas and will make a profit from it. -* **Share it with seven, even eight people** - Possible meanings are 1) to share your possessions with many people, or 2) to invest your resources in multiple places. -* **seven, even eight** - AT: "7, even 8" or "multiple" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **what disasters are coming on the earth** - Here the phrase "on the earth" means "in the world" or "in society." -* **empty themselves on the earth** - Here the phrase "on the earth" means "on the ground." -* **toward the south or toward the north** - AT: "in any direction" +Possible meanings are 1) to share your possessions with many people, or 2) to invest your resources in multiple places. + +# seven, even eight people + +"7, even 8 people." This is an idiom that means "numerous" people. AT: "numerous people" or "multiple people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# what disasters are coming on the earth + +Disasters happening is spoken of as if disasters were something that come to a place. Here "on the earth" may imply that these disasters happen to the person who is commanded to share. AT: "what disasters may happen in the world" or "what bad things may happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the clouds are full of rain + +"the clouds are dark with rain" + +# empty themselves on the earth + +"empty themselves on the ground" + +# toward the south or toward the north + +Here "south" and "north" represent any direction. AT: "in any direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/11/04.md b/ecc/11/04.md index ee0390be2c..e22fad9bdd 100644 --- a/ecc/11/04.md +++ b/ecc/11/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Anyone who watches the wind might not plant -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Possible meanings are 1) "Any farmer who pays attention to the wind will not plant when the wind is blowing in the wrong direction" or 2) "Any farmer who pays too much attention to the wind will never plant" -## translationNotes +# anyone who watches the clouds might not harvest -* **Anyone who watches the wind might not plant** - Possible meanings are 1) "Any farmer who pays attention to the wind will not plant when the wind is blowing in the wrong direction" or 2) "Any farmer who pays too much attention to the wind will never plant." -* **anyone who watches the clouds might not harvest** - Possible meanings are 1) "Any farmer who pays attention to the clouds will not harvest when it is about to rain" or 2) "Any farmer who pays too much attention to the clouds will never harvest." -* **how a baby's bones grow** - Possible meanings are 1) "how a baby grows" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) or 2) literally, "how the bones of a baby grow." +Possible meanings are 1) "Any farmer who pays attention to the clouds will not harvest when it is about to rain" or 2) "Any farmer who pays too much attention to the clouds will never harvest" + +# As you do not know the path of the wind + +This speaks of wind blowing as if wind traveled on a path. AT: "As you do not know where the wind comes from or where it goes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how a baby's bones grow + +Possible meanings are 1) Here "bones" is a synecdoche representing the baby as a whole. AT: "how a baby grows" or 2) literally, "how the bones of a baby grow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/11/06.md b/ecc/11/06.md index 6ffa0c25d2..4c2d595f77 100644 --- a/ecc/11/06.md +++ b/ecc/11/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# work with your hands -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "keep on working" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# whether morning or evening, or this or that -* **work with your hands** - AT: "keep on working" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **whether morning or evening, or this or that** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "whether the seed that you planted in the morning or the seed that you planted in the evening" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **light is sweet** - Here the word "light" refers to being able to see the sun and therefore being alive. AT: "being able to see the sun is sweet" or "being alive is sweet" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for the eyes to see the sun** - This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase. AT: "for a person to see the sun" or "to be alive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **happy in all of them** - Here the word "them" refers to the years that a person is alive. -* **the coming days of darkness** - Here the word "darkness" refers to death. AT: "how many days that he will be dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **for they will be many** - Here the word "they" refers to the "days of darkness." AT: "for he will be dead for many more days than he is alive" or "for he will be dead forever" -* **Everything to come** - Possible meanings are 1) "Everything that happens after death" or 2) "Everything that happens in the future." +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person's work may prosper, no matter what time he has done it. AT: "whether the seed that you planted in the morning or the seed that you planted in the evening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# light is sweet + +Here the word "light" refers to being able to see the sun and therefore being alive. And, this speaks of the joy of being alive as if the light had a sweet taste. AT: "it is a joy to be able to see the sun" or "being alive is delightful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the eyes to see the sun + +The "eyes" represent the whole person. This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase. AT: "for a person to see the sun" or "to be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# happy in all of them + +Here the word "them" refers to the years that a person is alive. + +# the coming days of darkness + +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming" And, here the word "darkness" refers to death. AT: "how many days that he will be dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# for they will be many + +Here the word "they" refers to the "days of darkness" AT: "for he will be dead for many more days than he is alive" or "for he will be dead forever" + +# Everything to come is vanishing vapor + +Here "vanishing vapor" is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "No one knows what will happen after he dies" or 2) AT: "Everything to come is meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Everything to come + +Possible meanings are 1) "Everything that happens after death" or 2) "Everything that happens in the future" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/11/09.md b/ecc/11/09.md index 8f326e742f..cda43cc896 100644 --- a/ecc/11/09.md +++ b/ecc/11/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Take joy, young man, in your youth, and let your heart be joyful in the days of your youth -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize that the man should be happy while he is young. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# let your heart be joyful -* **Take joy, young man, in your youth, and let your heart be joyful in the days of your youth** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **let your heart be joyful** - Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "be joyful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Pursue the good desires of your heart** - Here the word "heart" may refer to the mind or emotions. AT: "Pursue the good things that you desire" or "Pursue the good things that you have determined to pursue" -* **whatever is within the sight of your eyes** - AT: "whatever you see that you desire" or "whatever you see to be best" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **God will bring you into judgment for all these things** - AT: "God will make you account for all of your actions" -* **Drive anger away from your heart** - AT: "Refuse to be angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the emotions. AT: "be joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Pursue the good desires of your heart + +Here the word "heart" may represent the mind or emotions. AT: "Pursue the good things that you desire" or "Pursue the good things that you have determined to pursue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whatever is within the sight of your eyes + +Here "eyes" represent the whole person. AT: "whatever you see that you desire" or "whatever you see to be best" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# God will bring you into judgment for all these things + +The abstract noun "judgment" can be stated as "judge" or "make you account" AT: "God will judge you for all these things" or "God will make you account for all of your actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Drive anger away from your heart + +Refusing to be angry is spoken of as if anger were something that can be forced away. Also, "heart" represents a person's emotions. AT: "Refuse to be angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because youth and its strength are vapor + +The authors speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were "vapor" Just as vapor disappears and does not last, the author speaks of things having no lasting value. See how you translated "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "because youth and its strength will not last forever" or "because you will not be young and strong forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/11/intro.md b/ecc/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..297d7b6369 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 10, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Advice ##### +This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/01.md b/ecc/12/01.md index afa5d51d45..5395631b33 100644 --- a/ecc/12/01.md +++ b/ecc/12/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# call to mind -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# before the days of difficulty come -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I have no pleasure in them** - Here the word "them" refers to "years." +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming" AT: "before you experience difficult times" or "before bad things happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before the years arrive when you say, "I have no pleasure in them," + +Future time is spoken of as if "years arrive" AT: "before you become old when you say, 'I no longer enjoy being alive,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do this before the light of the sun ... after the rain + +Growing old and dying is spoken of as if the sun and moon go dark and dark clouds return. AT: "do this before it seems to you that the light of the sun ... after the rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/03.md b/ecc/12/03.md index b283b80076..176e69c53e 100644 --- a/ecc/12/03.md +++ b/ecc/12/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:tremble]] +The writer describes a house in which various activities stop. This appears to be a metaphor for the human body as it becomes old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# strong men are bent over -* The writer describes a house in which various activities stop. This appears to be a metaphor for the human body as it becomes old. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the women who grind cease because they are few** - "the women who grind grain stop grinding grain because there are few of them" +"strong men become weak" + +# the women who grind cease because they are few + +"the women who grind grain stop grinding grain because there are few of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/04.md b/ecc/12/04.md index 6e2f4775b2..26df333ea9 100644 --- a/ecc/12/04.md +++ b/ecc/12/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The writer continues his metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the doors are shut in the street -* The writer continues his metaphor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the doors are shut in the street** - AT: "people shut the doors that lead to the street" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when men are startled at the voice of a bird** - AT: "when the voice of a bird startles men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people shut the doors that lead to the street" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when men are startled at the voice of a bird + +It is implied that the voice of the birds startle the men awake. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the voice of a bird startles men awake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the singing of girls' voices fades away + +Here "girls" may be a metaphor for the birds. AT: "the songs of the birds fade away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/05.md b/ecc/12/05.md index 694a5f0b98..6fc6a399e7 100644 --- a/ecc/12/05.md +++ b/ecc/12/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The writer continues his metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# when the almond tree blossoms -* The writer continues his metaphor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **when natural desires fail** - AT: "when people no longer desire what they once did naturally" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **when the almond tree blossoms** - The "almond tree" is a tree that blossoms in the winter with white flowers. -* **Then man goes to his eternal home** - This refers to death. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **the mourners go down the streets** - Possible meanings are 1) that mourners go down the streets to attend a funeral, or 2) that mourners go down the streets to the house of the person who is about to die. +The "almond tree" is a tree that blossoms in the winter with white flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# when grasshoppers drag themselves along + +A grasshopper is a large, straight-winged insect with long, jointed back legs that give it the ability to jump a long way. Here it can only drag itself because it has gotten old and weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# when natural desires fail + +The abstract noun "desires" can be stated as a verb. AT: "when people no longer desire what they once did naturally" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then man goes to his eternal home + +This refers to death. AT: "Then man goes to the place of the dead forever" or "Then a person dies and never returns to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the mourners go down the streets + +Possible meanings are 1) that mourners go down the streets to attend a funeral, or 2) that mourners go down the streets to the house of the person who is about to die. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/06.md b/ecc/12/06.md index deebc81519..c3e56ebcfd 100644 --- a/ecc/12/06.md +++ b/ecc/12/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Call to mind -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +This is an idiom. AT: "Remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# before the silver cord is cut ... or the water wheel is broken at the well -* **Call to mind** - AT: “remember” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **before the silver cord is cut...or the water wheel is broken at the well** - The writer compares death to various broken items. Death will break the body just as suddenly as people accidentally break these items while they are using them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the silver cord is cut** - AT: "someone cuts the silver cord" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the golden bowl is crushed** - AT: "someone crushes the golden bowl" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the pitcher is shattered** - AT: "someone shatters the pitcher " (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the water wheel is broken** - AT: "someone breaks the the water wheel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **dust returns to the earth** - Here the word "dust" refers to the human body that has decomposed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The writer speaks of dying as if it were one of these various broken items. Death will break the body just as suddenly as people accidentally break these items while they are using them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the silver cord is cut + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone cuts the silver cord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the golden bowl is crushed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone crushes the golden bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the pitcher is shattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone shatters the pitcher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the water wheel is broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone breaks the water wheel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# dust returns to the earth + +Here the word "dust" refers to the human body that has decomposed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/08.md b/ecc/12/08.md index 265a0a37d6..dbc57c4aa2 100644 --- a/ecc/12/08.md +++ b/ecc/12/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# A mist of vapor ... everything is vanishing vapor +The Teacher speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were "vapor". Just as vapor disappears and does not last, the author speaks of things having no lasting value. See how you translated "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "Temporary and useless ... everything is temporary and useless" or "Meaningless ... everything is meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the Teacher -* **everything is vanishing vapor** - "everything only lasts a short time, like steam that disappears." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **contemplated and set in order** - "thought much about and arranged" or "thought much about and wrote down" +See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# contemplated and set in order + +"thought much about and arranged" or "thought much about and wrote down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/10.md b/ecc/12/10.md index f9cfc537e5..892bcfa138 100644 --- a/ecc/12/10.md +++ b/ecc/12/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# using vivid ... words -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The Teacher wanted the words to be pleasurable to the listener. They bring pleasure because they are well written, not because they are comforting. -## translationNotes +# The words of wise people ... taught by one shepherd -* **The words of the wise...taught by one shepherd** - The writer compares the teacher who uses his words to instruct people to a shepherd who uses his tools to lead his flock. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The words of the wise are like goads** - AT: "Wise people encourage us to act, like a sharp stick encourages an animal to move." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Like nails driven deeply are the words of the masters in collections of their proverbs** - AT: "Like you can depend on a nail that has been driven deep, you can depend on proverbs written by wise people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the words of the masters in collections of their proverbs** - "the words of those who are experts on collections of proverbs" -* **which are taught by one shepherd** - AT: "which one shepherd teaches" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The writer speaks of the teacher who uses his words to instruct people as if the teacher were a shepherd who uses his tools to lead his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The words of wise people are like goads + +This is a simile. AT: "Wise people encourage people to act, like a sharp stick encourages an animal to move" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Like nails driven deeply are the words of the masters in collections of their proverbs + +This is a simile. AT: "Like you can depend on a nail that a person drives firmly into a piece of wood, so you can depend on the words of the masters in collections of their proverbs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the words of the masters in collections of their proverbs + +"the wise words collected in their proverbs" or "the sayings of the wise" + +# which are taught by one shepherd + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which one shepherd teaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/12.md b/ecc/12/12.md index 0cf824fa6e..304d7b0532 100644 --- a/ecc/12/12.md +++ b/ecc/12/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the making of many books, which has no end -* [[en:tw:son]] +The noun phrase "the making" can be stated as a verb. AT: "people will never stop making many books" -## translationNotes +# brings weariness to the body -* **the making of many books, which has no end** - "people will never stop making many books" -* **brings weariness to the body** - "makes the person tired" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "body" represents the whole person. AT: "makes the person tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/13.md b/ecc/12/13.md index fb59887439..c360ef120e 100644 --- a/ecc/12/13.md +++ b/ecc/12/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The end of the matter -* [[en:tw:works]] +"The final conclusion on the matter" -## translationNotes +# after everything has been heard -* **The end of the matter** - "the final conclusion on the matter" -* **after everything has been heard** - AT: "after you have heard everything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after you have heard everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# along with every hidden thing + +Things done in secret is spoken of as if they were an object that was hidden. AT: "along with everything that people do in secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/intro.md b/ecc/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d84212c76 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 10, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Advice ##### +This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas." + +##### Yahweh ##### +At the end of a very impressive life, Solomon looks back and sees that the only real lasting thing in this world is Yahweh. The purpose of his life was to honor Yahweh, something he should have done far more throughout his life. Therefore, he felt that his life was wasted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/front/intro.md b/ecc/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e16467342d --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +====== Introduction to Ecclesiastes====== + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Ecclesiastes #### + +1. Questions about the emptiness of life and the limits of human wisdom (1:1–6:12) +1. Teaching about making wise choices in how one lives (7:1–12:7) +1. The conclusion and epilogue (12:8–14) + +#### What is the Book of Ecclesiastes about? #### + +Ecclesiastes is a group of short teachings that try to answer the question, "What is life?" This book speaks about the futility of seeking a purpose in the things of this world. From the book's viewpoint, any work we perform or any knowledge and skill we gain are useless. Ecclesiastes is a series of thoughts about a variety of subjects, all of them about the purpose and worth of various actions and events. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The traditional title "The Book of Ecclesiastes" is another name for "assembly" and carries no meaning as a title. Translators might decide on a better title such as "Thoughts of a Teacher" or "Thoughts of a Wise Man." + +#### Who wrote the Book of Ecclesiastes? #### + +The author appears to be Solomon, "the Teacher, the descendant of David and king in Jerusalem." This matches evidence in the book pointing to Solomon which are consistent with the status and reputation of Solomon: his wisdom (See: [Ecclesiastes 1:16](../01/16.md) and twenty-six other references to wisdom); his vast wealth (See: [Ecclesiastes 2:8](../02/07.md)), and the pain that comes from wealth (See: [Ecclesiastes 5:13-14](../05/13.md); [Ecclesiastes 4:8](../04/07.md); and [Ecclesiastes 9:11](../09/11.md)); the large number of servants (See: [Ecclesiastes 2:7](../02/07.md) and [Ecclesiastes 10:7](../10/05.md)); the limitless opportunities for worldly pleasures (See: [Ecclesiastes 2:1-2](../02/01.md), [Ecclesiastes 10](../02/09.md); [Ecclesiastes 3:13](../03/12.md); [Ecclesiastes 4:8](../04/07.md); [Ecclesiastes 5:4](../05/04.md); and [Ecclesiastes 12:1](../12/01.md)); and the wide range of his many construction projects (See: [Ecclesiastes 2:4-6](../02/04.md)). The book appears to be written near the end of Solomon's reign as he reflects on how he wasted much of his life. + +#### Why are there so many contradictions in the Book of Ecclesiastes? #### + +Some people have viewed the author as a faithful man, while others see him as a tragic figure. The apparent contradictions in the book may be a reflection of Solomon's wavering faith, but it is also possible that the teachings in the book differ from each other in order to suit various circumstances in the reader's life. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the book's teaching about God's retribution? #### + +In the Ancient Near East, people were concerned with the reason they were being punished or blessed. They often attributed these acts of justice or retribution to their gods. Ecclesiastes explains that Yahweh will bless the righteous and punish the evil, but this might not happen in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### What value did the Israelites place on the Book of Ecclesiastes? #### + +The Israelites have often questioned the value of this book. This is due in large part to its unusual wording and theology. At times, it appears to disagree with the rest of Scripture. While many have questioned its authority, it has ultimately been affirmed to be Scripture because it gives valuable lessons concerning the uselessness of living apart from Yahweh and of pursuing any goal other than his glory. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of "under the sun?" #### + +"Under the sun" is another way of saying "on the earth." When the author says that there is "nothing new under the sun," this means that there is nothing that has not happened before on earth. While the referenced event may not have specifically occurred before, there has been something similar that has happened. + +#### How do I translate harsh or shocking passages? #### + +There are parts of the book that can be shocking or surprising to read in Scripture. For example, "If a man fathers a hundred children and lives many years, so that the days of his years are many, but if his heart is not satisfied with good and he is not buried with honor, then I say that a baby that is born dead is better off than he is" (6:3). The translator should allow these difficulties to remain and not try to "soften" them. + +#### How is life described in the Book of Ecclesiastes? #### + +After observing the lack of justice in the world, the author of Ecclesiastes concludes that life without God has no value or purpose and because of this it is without meaning. There are some subtle differences in the meaning for each of these words. It can be concluded that apart from God, a person's circumstances or character and even all of the things of this world have little or no significance apart from God who gives meaning to everything. At the end of their life, a person commonly sees their life as short. The author uses the metaphor of vapor or breath to describe how life ends while it seems to still be beginning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/01.md b/eph/01/01.md index 2aefbda557..c9a061552c 100644 --- a/eph/01/01.md +++ b/eph/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Paul names himself as the writer of this letter to the believers at the church at Ephesus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This book is a letter from Paul to members of the church at Ephesus. -* **through the will of God ** - AT: “chosen by God” or “by the will of God” -* **set apart for God ** - “morally blameless” or “holy ones.” AT: “saints” -* **grace be to you** - The word "you" refers to all the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **May grace be to you and peace ** - This is a common greeting and blessing Paul often extends in his letters. +Except where noted, all instances of "you" and "your" refers to the Ephesian believers as well as all believers and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Paul, an apostle ... to God's holy people in Ephesus + +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter and its intended audience. AT: "I, Paul, an apostle ... write this letter to you, God's holy people Ephesus" + +# who are faithful in Christ Jesus + +"In Christ Jesus" and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Grace to you and peace + +This is a common greeting and blessing that Paul often uses in his letters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/03.md b/eph/01/03.md index e40749d1ad..94c4d51f17 100644 --- a/eph/01/03.md +++ b/eph/01/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Paul opens his letter by talking about the believers' position and their safety before God. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised** - This could be worded in the active form. AT: "Let us praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he who has blessed us** - AT: "for God has blessed us" -* **has blessed us ** - This is an inclusive pronoun referring to Paul and all the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **every spiritual blessing ** - AT: "every blessing proceeding from the Spirit of God" -* **so we could be holy and blameless** - Paul states two traits that we can become in God. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +In this book, unless otherwise stated, the words "us" and "we" refer to Paul, the believers in Ephesus, as well as all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "Let us praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who has blessed us + +"for God has blessed us" + +# every spiritual blessing + +"every blessing coming from the Spirit of God" + +# in the heavenly places + +"in the supernatural world." The word "heavenly" refers to the place where God is. + +# in Christ + +Possible meanings 1) the phrase "in Christ" refers to what Christ has done. AT: "through Christ" or "through what Christ has done" or 2) "in Christ" is a metaphor referring to our close relationship with Christ. AT: "by uniting us with Christ" or "because we are united with Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# holy and blameless + +Paul uses two similar words to emphasize moral goodness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/05.md b/eph/01/05.md index 438cd48e21..20e6a129fd 100644 --- a/eph/01/05.md +++ b/eph/01/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adoption]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +The words "his," "He," and "he" refer to God. -## translationNotes +# God chose us beforehand for adoption -* **God predestined us in advance for adoption ** - AT: “God determined in advance to adopt us” -* **predestined us** - AT: "God planned long ago..." (UDB) -* **predestined us** - Paul was including himself, the Ephesian church and all believers in Christ in his use of "us." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **for adoption** - "Adoption" refers to being placed in God’s family. -* **through Jesus Christ** - God brought believers into his family by the work of Jesus Christ. -* **he did this…he was pleased…he desired…his glorious grace ** - "he" and "his" refers to God. -* **his beloved one** - "God's beloved one." This refers to Jesus Christ. +The word "us" refers to Paul, the Ephesian church, and all believers in Christ. AT: "God planned long ago to adopt us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# God chose us beforehand + +"God chose us ahead of time" or "God chose us long ago" + +# for adoption as sons + +Here "adoption" refers to becoming part of God's family. Here the word "sons" refers to males and females. AT: "to be adopted as his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# through Jesus Christ + +God brought believers into his family by the work of Jesus Christ. + +# the One he loves + +"the One he loves, Jesus Christ" or "his Son, whom he loves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/07.md b/eph/01/07.md index 94741d13c1..132842c152 100644 --- a/eph/01/07.md +++ b/eph/01/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# riches of his grace -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Paul speaks of God's grace as if it were material wealth. AT: "greatness of God's grace" or "abundance of God's grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He lavished this grace upon us -* ** in his beloved one** - AT: "in God's beloved one, Jesus Christ" -* **we have redemption** - "We" refers to all believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **riches of his grace ** - AT: "greatness of God's grace" or "abundance of God's grace" -* **in all wisdom and understanding** - God has given believers great wisdom and understanding. AT: "much wisdom and understanding" +"He gave us this great amount of grace" or "He was extremely kind to us" + +# with all wisdom and understanding + +Possible meanings are 1) "because he has all wisdom and understanding" 2) "so that we might have great wisdom and understanding" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/09.md b/eph/01/09.md index 37b9dfbec1..9e5cc4b070 100644 --- a/eph/01/09.md +++ b/eph/01/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# according to what pleased him -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Possible meanings are 1) "because he wanted to make it known to us" or 2) "which was what he wanted." -## translationNotes +# which he demonstrated in Christ -* **the hidden truth of the plan** - AT: "his hidden plan" -* **according to his desire** - AT: "as he was pleased" (UDB) -* **when the times are fulfilled** - AT: "When everything is comes to pass" -* **for the completion of his plan** - AT: "for his plan to be completed" -* **his plan, he will** - AT: "God's plan, God will" -* **under Christ** - AT: “under Christ’s rule” +"he demonstrated this purpose in Christ" + +# in Christ + +"by means of Christ" + +# with a view to a plan + +A new sentence can be started here. AT: "He did this with a view to a plan" or "He did this, thinking about a plan" + +# for the fullness of time + +"for when the time is right" or "for the time that he has appointed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/11.md b/eph/01/11.md index 6ce19069f4..4747c8fc35 100644 --- a/eph/01/11.md +++ b/eph/01/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# we were appointed as heirs -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God chose us to be heirs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# We were decided on beforehand -* **we were chosen** - AT: “we were made to be God's inheritance” or “we were chosen to receive God's inheritance” -* **we were chosen...we who were the first** - The word "we" now refers to Paul, his Jewish brothers in Christ but not the Gentile (non-Jewish) believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **the plan of the one ** - AT: "The plan of God" -* **intent of his will ** - AT: "intent of God's will" -* **we who were the first ** - Paul continues to exclude the Gentiles (non-Jews) from his use of "we." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God chose us ahead of time" or "God chose us long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we were appointed as heirs ... We were decided on beforehand + +By means of these pronouns "we," Paul is referring to himself and the other Jewish Christians, those who trusted Christ before the Ephesian believers did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# so that we might be the first + +Again, the word "we" refers to the Jewish believers who first heard the good news, not the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# so we would be for the praise of his glory + +"so that we would live to praise him for his glory" + +# so that we might be the first ... so we would be for the praise + +Once again, the pronouns "we" refer to Paul and the other Jewish believers, not to the Ephesian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/13.md b/eph/01/13.md index f795319bea..4ed2608341 100644 --- a/eph/01/13.md +++ b/eph/01/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:wordoftruth]] +Paul was speaking in the previous two verses about himself and the other Jewish believers, but now he begins speaking about the Ephesian believers. -## translationNotes +# were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit -* **It was by Christ that you also heard the word of truth** - AT: "it was through believing in Christ that you heard that you were saved by him" -* **the gospel of your salvation by Christ** - AT: "Christ is the gospel of your salvation" -* **in whom you also have believed** - AT: "and you also have believed in Christ" -* ** were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit** - As wax was placed on a letter and impressed with a symbol representing who sent the letter, God sealed our salvation with the Holy Spirit signifying his ownership of us. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the spirit is the guarantee** - God gave us the Holy Spirit as a promise of his gift of eternal life at the proper time. AT: "the Holy Spirit is a pledge" -* **our redemption of the possession** - God has purchased us to be his own people. AT: "that is, that God forgives us and accepts us as his own people" +Wax was placed on a letter and stamped with a symbol representing the person who wrote the letter. Paul uses this custom as a picture to show how God has used the Holy Spirit to assure us that we belong to him. AT: "God has sealed you with the Holy Spirit that he promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the guarantee of our inheritance + +Receiving what God has promised is spoken of as though one inherits property or wealth from a family member. AT: "the guarantee that we will receive what God has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/15.md b/eph/01/15.md index 8f5f13192a..ffe6d2fbd2 100644 --- a/eph/01/15.md +++ b/eph/01/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] +Paul prays for the Ephesian believers and praises God for the power that believers have through Christ. -## translationNotes +# I have not stopped thanking God -* **Because of this** - AT: “For this reason” -* **your love for all those set apart for him** - Your love for all the believers in Christ. AT: "your love for all the saints in Christ" -* **I have not stopped thanking God** - This can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "I continue to thank God" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Paul uses "not stopped" to emphasize that he continues to thank God. AT: "I continue to thank God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/17.md b/eph/01/17.md index 805d80e042..2af083deed 100644 --- a/eph/01/17.md +++ b/eph/01/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"spiritual wisdom to understand his revelation" -## translationNotes +# that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened -* **a spirit of wisdom and revelation of his knowledge** - AT: "spiritual wisdom to understand his revelation" -* **that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened** - The phrase "eyes of your heart" expresses one's ability to gain understanding. AT: "that you may gain understanding and be enlightened" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the confidence of our calling** - AT: "the hope of our calling" -* **riches of the glory of his inheritance** - AT: "greatness of his glorious inheritance" or "abundance of his glorious inheritance" -* **those who are set apart for him ** - This includes concepts of morally blameless, consecrated and holy. AT: "in the saints" +The phrase "eyes of your heart" expresses one's ability to gain understanding. AT: "that you may gain understanding and be enlightened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened + +This may be stated in the active tense. AT: that God may enlighten your heart" or "that God may enlighten your understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# enlightened + +"made to see" + +# inheritance + +Receiving what God has promised believers, is spoken of as if one were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all God's holy people + +"all those whom he has set apart for himself" or "all those who belong completely to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/19.md b/eph/01/19.md index 7e164913ad..64ca76eff9 100644 --- a/eph/01/19.md +++ b/eph/01/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# the incomparable greatness of his power -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +God's power is far beyond all other power. -## translationNotes +# toward us who believe -* **what is the exceeding greatness of his power** - God's power is far beyond all other power. -* **the working of the strength of his power** - AT: "his great power that is at work for us" -* **seated him at his right hand** - "seated Christ at God's right hand." This is the highest place of honor. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in this age** - AT: "at this time" -* **in the age to come** - AT: "in the future" -* **far above all rule, authority, power, dominion** - These are different terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. AT: "far above all types of supernatural beings" +"for us who believe" + +# the working of his great strength + +"his great power that is at work for us" + +# raised him from the dead ones + +"raised him from death" or "made him alive again" + +# seated him at his right hand + +The authority of a person is described by where they sit. The right side of a person is the place where the person with the most authority sits. AT: "seated Christ at God's right hand" or "seated Christ in the place of authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the heavenly places + +"in the supernatural world." The word "heavenly" refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](./03.md). + +# far above all rule and authority and power and dominion + +These are different terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. AT: "far above all types of supernatural beings" + +# every name that is named + +This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "every name that man gives" or 2) "every name that God gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# name + +Possible meanings are 1) title or 2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in this age + +"at this time" + +# in the age to come + +"in the future" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/22.md b/eph/01/22.md index c1158a1582..28bece1046 100644 --- a/eph/01/22.md +++ b/eph/01/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all things under Christ's feet -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:head]] +Here "feet" represents Christ's lordship, authority, and power. AT: "all things under Christ's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# head ... his body -* **God has subjected ** - AT: “God put” (UDB) or "God placed" -* **all things under Christ's feet ** - This represents Christ's lordship, authority and power. AT: "all things under Christ’s power" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Given him the head...which is his body** - Just as with a human body, the head rules all things pertaining to its body, so is Christ the head of the church body. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the head over all things in the Church** - "Head" implies the leader or the one in charge. AT: "ruler over all things in the Church" -* **which is his body** - The Church is often referred to as the body of Christ. -* **the fullness of him who fills all things in all ways** - Christ fills the whole church with His power and with his life. AT: "Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives and sustains life to all things" +Just as with a human body, the head rules all things pertaining to its body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# head over all things + +Here "head" refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. AT: "ruler over all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fullness of him who fills all in all + +"Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives life to all things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/intro.md b/eph/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3a58ab4332 --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ephesians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "I pray" ##### + +This chapter is structured loosely as a prayer, but it is not a typical prayer. This is a unique "prayer" where Paul is not just talking to God. He is also giving written instructions to the church in Ephesus. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Predestination ##### +Many scholars believe this chapter teaches on a subject known as "predestination." This is related to the biblical concept of "predestine." Some scholars take this to indicate that God has chosen some to be eternally saved before the foundation of the world. Since this is a source of theological diversity, extra care should be taken in translation, especially with regards to elements of causation in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Ephesians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/01.md b/eph/02/01.md index b1a4e20f16..bed0f0065e 100644 --- a/eph/02/01.md +++ b/eph/02/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Paul reminds the believers of their past and the way they now are before God. -## translationNotes +# you were dead in your trespasses and sins -* **And you were dead in your trespasses and your sins** - This shows how sinful people are unable to obey God in the same way a dead person is unable to respond physically. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your trespasses and your sins** - The words "trespasses" and "sins" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize the greatness of the people's sin. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* ** you once walked** - This expresses the behavior of how people live. AT: "you once lived" (see [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **according to the age of this world** - The apostles also used “world” to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. AT: “according to the values of people living in the world” or “following the principles of this present world” -* **ruler of the authorities of the air** - This is referring to the devil or Satan. -* **the spirit of him who** - The phrase "spirit of him" is also referring to the devil or Satan. -* **acted according to the evil desires of our flesh, doing the will of the flesh and of the mind** - The words "flesh" and "mind" are used as metonyms for the entire body. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This shows how sinful people are unable to obey God in the same way a dead person is unable to respond physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your trespasses and sins + +The words "trespasses" and "sins" have similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize the greatness of the people's sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# according to the ways of this world + +The apostles also used "world" to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. AT: "according to the values of people living in the world" or "following the principles of this present world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the ruler of the authorities of the air + +This refers to the devil or Satan. + +# the spirit that is working + +"the spirit of Satan, who is working" + +# the desires of the body and of the mind + +The words "body" and "mind" represent the entire person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# children of wrath + +people with whom God is angry (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/04.md b/eph/02/04.md index 740d2f129e..2533b1a3b7 100644 --- a/eph/02/04.md +++ b/eph/02/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# God is rich in mercy -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] +"God is abundant in mercy" or "God is very kind to us" -## translationNotes +# because of his great love with which he loved us -* **God is rich in mercy** - AT: "God is abundant in mercy" or "God acts very kind to us" -* **because of his great love with which he loved us** - AT: "because of his great love for us" or "because he loves us very much" -* **while we were dead in trespasses, he brought us to new life** - This shows how a sinful person is unable to obey God until he is given new spiritual life just like a dead person is unable to respond physically unless he is raised from the dead. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he brought us to new life together with Christ** - God has given us new life in Christ. -* **by grace you have been saved** - AT: "God saved us because of his great kindness toward us" -* **and raised us up together and made us sit together in the heavenly places with Christ Jesus** - Just as he already raised Christ, he will raise us up too and be with Christ in heaven. -* **in the ages to come** - AT: "in the future" +"because of his great love for us" or "because he loves us very much" + +# While we were dead in trespasses, he made us alive together in Christ + +This shows how a sinful person is unable to obey God until he is given new spiritual life just like a dead person is unable to respond physically unless he is raised from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he made us alive together in Christ + +"In Christ" and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. + +# by grace you have been saved + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "God saved us because of his great kindness toward us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God raised us up together with Christ, and God made us sit together in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus + +Just as he already raised Christ, he will raise us up too, and we will be with Christ in heaven. + +# in the heavenly places + +"in the supernatural world." The word "heavenly" refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md). + +# in Christ Jesus + +"In Christ Jesus" and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. + +# in the ages to come + +"in the future" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/08.md b/eph/02/08.md index 843b4a4675..c04844e71c 100644 --- a/eph/02/08.md +++ b/eph/02/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For by grace you have been saved through faith -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +God's kindness to us is the reason he made it possible for us to be saved from judgment if we simply trust in Jesus. AT: "God saved you by grace because of your faith in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# this did not -* **For by grace you have been saved through faith** - God's kindness to us is the reason he made it possible for us to be saved from judgment if we simply trust in Jesus. -* **And this did not** - The word “this” refers back to "by grace you have been saved by faith." -* **come from us** - The pronoun "us" refers to Paul and all the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **not from works** - AT: "This salvation did not come from our works" -* **we are God's workmanship, created in Christ Jesus** - The pronoun "we" refers to Paul and all the believers at Ephesus. AT: "God has created us as new people joined to Christ Jesus" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **walk in** - AT: “live in” or “follow” +The word "this" refers back to "by grace you have been saved by faith." + +# Grace is not from works and so no one may boast + +"Grace is not based on what a person does, so that no one can boast and say that they earned it" + +# in Christ Jesus + +"In Christ Jesus" and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. + +# walk in + +"follow" or "do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/11.md b/eph/02/11.md index 645b752b4f..f719ee3462 100644 --- a/eph/02/11.md +++ b/eph/02/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Paul reminds these believers that God has now made Gentiles and Jews into one body through Christ and his cross. -## translationNotes +# Gentiles in the flesh -* **Gentiles in the flesh** - People who were not Jewish by birth. -* **uncircumcised pagans** - Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus considered people who do not follow God. -* **the circumcision** - This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised when they were eight days old. -* **separated from Christ** - AT: "unbelievers" -* **alienated from** - AT: “detached from” or “not included in” -* **the citizenship of Israel** - AT: “the people of Israel” or “the community of Israel” -* **strangers to the covenants of the promise** - AT: "you did not know the covenant promises of God" +This refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# uncircumcision + +Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God's laws. AT: "uncircumcised pagans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# circumcision + +This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. AT: "circumcised people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# separated from Christ + +"unbelievers" + +# what is called the "circumcision" in the flesh made by human hands + +Possible meanings are 1) "Jews, who are circumcised by humans" or 2) "Jews, who circumcise the physical body." + +# by what is called + +This can be translated with an active form. AT: "by what people call" or "by those whom people call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# strangers to the covenants of the promise + +Paul speaks to the Gentile believers as if they had been foreigners, kept out of the land of God's covenant and promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/13.md b/eph/02/13.md index c7ded1b3f4..9fba4b4103 100644 --- a/eph/02/13.md +++ b/eph/02/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,59 @@ -## translationWords +# But now in Christ Jesus -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:reconcile]] +Paul is marking a contrast between the Ephesians before they believed in Christ and after they believed in Christ. -## translationNotes +# you who once were far away from God have been brought near by the blood of Christ -* **But now in Christ Jesus** - Paul is marking a stark contrast before the Ephesians believed in Christ and after they believed in Christ. -* **you who were once far away from God have been brought near to God** - Due to the believers sins, they were separated far from God. However, now Jesus has brought them near to God by his blood. -* **he is our peace** - AT: "Jesus gives us his peace" -* **By his body** - AT: "By his death on the cross" -* **the wall of hostility** - AT: "the wall of hatred" or "ill will" -* ** divided us from each other** - "Us" refers to both Paul and the Ephesians, that separated the Jewish believers from the Gentile believers. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **he abolished the law of commandments and regulations** - Jesus's blood satisfied the Law of Moses so that both the Jews and Gentiles can live at peace in Him. -* **to reconcile both peoples** - AT: "bring together both the Jews and the Gentiles" -* **putting to death the hostility between them** - Jesus eliminated the reason for Jews and Gentiles to be hostile towards each other. That is they were no longer required to live according to the Mosaic Law. +Not belonging to God due to sin is spoken of as being far away from God. Belonging to God because of the blood of Christ is spoken of as being brought near to God. AT: "you who once did not belong to God now belong to God because of the blood of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by the blood of Christ + +The blood of Christ is a metonym for his death. AT: "by Christ's death" or "when Christ died for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he is our peace + +"Jesus gives us his peace" + +# our peace + +The word "our" refers to Paul and his readers and so is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# He made the two one + +"He made the Jews and Gentiles one" + +# By his flesh + +The words "his flesh," his physical body, are a metonym for his body dying. AT: "By the death of his body on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the wall of hostility + +"the wall of hatred" or "the wall of ill will" + +# that divided us + +The word "us" refers to Paul and the Ephesians. The Ephesians, as Gentiles, were separated from Paul and the other Jews. AT: "that separated us Jews and Gentiles from one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# he abolished the law of commandments and regulations + +Jesus' blood satisfied the law of Moses so that both the Jews and Gentiles can live at peace in God. + +# one new man + +a single new people, the people of redeemed humanity (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in himself + +It is union with Christ that makes reconciliation possible between Jews and Gentiles. + +# Christ reconciles both peoples + +"Christ brings the Jews and the Gentiles together in peace" + +# through the cross + +The cross here represents Christ's death on the cross. AT: "by means of Christ's death on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# putting to death the hostility + +Stopping their hostility is spoken of as if he killed their hostility. By dying on the cross Jesus eliminated the reason for Jews and Gentiles to be hostile toward each other. Neither are now required to live according to the law of Moses. AT: "stopping them from hating one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/17.md b/eph/02/17.md index 4c01b04ee5..b726700969 100644 --- a/eph/02/17.md +++ b/eph/02/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +Paul tells the Ephesian believers that present Gentile believers are also now made one with the Jewish apostles and prophets; they are a temple for God in the Spirit. -## translationNotes +# proclaimed peace -* **proclaimed the gospel** - AT: "announced the gospel" or "declared the gospel" -* **the gospel and his peace** - AT: "the gospel of peace" -* **those who were far away** - This refers to the Gentiles or non-Jews. -* **those who were near** - This refers to the Jews. -* **For through Jesus we both have access** - "We both" refers to both Paul, the believing Jews and the believing non-Jews. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **have access in one Spirit** - All believers are given the right to enter into the presence of God the Father by one spirit or authority. +"announced the gospel of peace" or "declared the gospel of peace" + +# you who were far away + +This refers to the Gentiles or non-Jews. + +# those who were near + +This refers to the Jews. + +# For through Jesus we both have access + +Here "we both" refers to Paul, the believing Jews, and the believing non-Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# in one Spirit + +All believers, both Jewish and Gentile, are given the right to enter into the presence of God the Father by the same Holy Spirit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/19.md b/eph/02/19.md index 3f11fa2aa4..46b7c5b55d 100644 --- a/eph/02/19.md +++ b/eph/02/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# you Gentiles ... God's household -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Paul is again speaking of the spiritual condition of Gentiles after they become believers as he would speak about foreigners becoming citizens of a different nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You have been built on the foundation -* **you Gentiles are no longer strangers or foreigners, but instead you are fellow-citizens with those set apart for God, those who are members of God's family** - citizens with those set apart for God, those who are members of God's family** - This is describing the spiritual condition of Gentiles before and after they became believers in the same way as a non-citizen becomes a citizen of a nation. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **no longer strangers** - AT: "no longer outsiders" -* **and foreigners** - AT: "and non-citizens" -* **These are built upon the foundation...** - Paul compare God's family to a building. Christ being the cornerstone, the apostles being the foundation, and the believers being the structure. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the whole building of his family fits together and increases as a temple set apart for the Lord** - Paul continues with the comparison of Christ's family to a building in the way a builder fits stones in the making a building so Christ is fitting us together. -* **in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling place for God in the Spirit** - This describes how believers are being put together to become a place where God will permanently dwell in the Spirit just as a house is a dwelling place for people on earth. +Paul speaks of God's people as if they were a building. Christ is the cornerstone, the apostles are the foundation, and the believers are the structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have been built + +This can be stated in the active tense. AT: "God has built you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the whole building fits together and grows as a temple + +Paul continues to speak of Christ's family as if it were a building. In the same way a builder fits stones together while building, so Christ is fitting us together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In him ... in the Lord ... in him + +"In Christ ... in the Lord Jesus ... in Christ" These metaphors express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you also are being built together as a dwelling place for God in the Spirit + +This describes how believers are being put together to become a place where God will permanently live through the power of the Holy Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you also are being built together + +This can be stated as active. AT: "God is also building you together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/intro.md b/eph/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7940747c7a --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Ephesians 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter focuses on a Christian's life before coming to faith in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person's former way of living is distinct from a Christian's new identity "in Christ." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### One body ##### +Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles) who are now one group or "body." It is also known as Jesus's body because Jesus unites them. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Dead in trespasses and sins" ##### +Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are "dead" in their sin. This means that they are in bondage or enslaved to their sin, which leads to death unless they come to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Metaphors for worldly living ##### +Paul uses many different metaphors to describe how the non-Christian world acts. They "walked according to the age of this world," "walked according to the ruler of the authorities of the air," "acting according to the evil desires of our flesh," and "doing the will of the flesh and the mind." + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "It is a gift of God" ##### +Most scholars believe "it" refers to salvation, while others believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of agreement in the Greek wording, it is more probable that salvation is what Paul refers to as the gift of God here. + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue. It is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. The phrase "Gentiles in the flesh" indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. "Flesh" is also used in this verse to refer to the physical part of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/01.md b/eph/03/01.md index 7af082d6d7..852ea29934 100644 --- a/eph/03/01.md +++ b/eph/03/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] +To make clear the hidden truth about the church to believers, Paul refers back to the oneness of Jews and Gentiles and the temple of which believers are now a part. -## translationNotes +# Because of this -* **Because of this** - AT: "Because of God's grace to you" -* **the management of the gift of God that he gave me for you** - AT: "the responsibility God gave me to administer His grace to you" +"Because of God's grace to you" + +# the prisoner of Christ Jesus + +"the one whom Christ Jesus has put in prison" + +# the stewardship of the grace of God that was given to me for you + +"the responsibility that God gave me to bring his grace to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/03.md b/eph/03/03.md index a25dfffd2f..e8695deba7 100644 --- a/eph/03/03.md +++ b/eph/03/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# according to the revelation made known to me -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "according to what God revealed to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# about which I briefly wrote to you -* **according to the revelation made known to me** - AT: "that God a revelation known to me" or "that God revealed to me" -* **the hidden truth about which I wrote a little previously** - AT: "the previously not known truth that I briefly wrote to you about before" -* **When you read about this** - "This" refers to the hidden truths that Paul is making known to the Ephesians. -* **you will be able to understand** - AT: "you will be able to comprehend" or "you will be able to realize" -* **my insight into this hidden truth about Christ** - AT: "my understanding into this previously not known truth" -* **which in other generations was not made known to the human race** - AT: "which was not made known to people in the past" -* **but now which has been revealed** - AT: "but now it has been shown" or “but now it has been made known” +Paul refers to another letter he had written to these people. + +# In other generations this truth was not made known to the sons of men + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not make these things known to people in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But now it has been revealed by the Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But now the Spirit has revealed it" or "But now the Spirit has made it known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his apostles and prophets who were set apart for this work + +"the apostles and prophets whom God set apart to do this work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/06.md b/eph/03/06.md index 32819221f7..bd3c234452 100644 --- a/eph/03/06.md +++ b/eph/03/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the Gentiles are fellow heirs ... through the gospel -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is the hidden truth Paul began to explain in the previous verse. The Gentiles who receive Christ also receive the same things as the Jewish believers. -## translationNotes +# fellow members of the body -* **the Gentiles are fellow heirs and fellow members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel** - This statement is the hidden truth Paul was stating that was revealed to him and the apostles. -* **fellow members of the body** - Paul continues to use the analogy of the physical body in describing the the believers in Christ. -* **For this I became a servant** - AT: "I am now serving God to spread the gospel" (see [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in Christ Jesus + +"In Christ Jesus" and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. + +# through the gospel + +Possible meanings are 1) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or 2) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/08.md b/eph/03/08.md index 36e5a08cca..a4280645e2 100644 --- a/eph/03/08.md +++ b/eph/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# God's holy people -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"those whom God has set apart for himself" -## translationNotes +# unsearchable -* **To me this gift was given, although I am less than the lowest of those set apart for God** - AT: "Even though I am the least worthy of all God's people, God has given me this gracious gift" -* **and to enlighten everyone about what God's plan is** - AT: "and to make all people aware of God's plan" -* **the hidden truth that was hidden from ages past by God, who created all things** - AT: "something that God has kept hidden from long ago, from the time when he created everything" +unable to be completely known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# riches of Christ + +Paul speaks of the truth about Christ and the blessings he brings as if they were material wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bring to light to everyone what God's plan is + +Bringing light to people represents teaching them. AT: "shine a light on God's secret plan so all people will know what it is" or "teach all people what God's secret plan is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This plan had been hidden for ages in the past by God, who created all things + +This can be stated in active form. "God, who created all things, had kept this plan hidden for long ages in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/10.md b/eph/03/10.md index f6a45b9139..b1e7b3cfe7 100644 --- a/eph/03/10.md +++ b/eph/03/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places would come to know the many-sided nature of the wisdom of God -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"God will make his great wisdom known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places through the Church" -## translationNotes +# rulers and authorities -* **there will be made known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places through the Church the complex wisdom of God** - AT: "God will make his complex wisdom known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places through the Church" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **rulers and authorities** - These words share similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize that every spiritual being will know God's wisdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **according to the eternal plan** - AT: "in keeping with the eternal plan" or "consistent with the eternal plan" -* **that he intended** - AT: "that he accomplished" or "that he fulfilled completely" +These words share similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize that every spiritual being will know God's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in the heavenly places + +"in the supernatural world." The word "heavenly" refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md). + +# the many-sided nature of the wisdom of God + +God's complex wisdom (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# according to the eternal plan + +"in keeping with the eternal plan" or "consistent with the eternal plan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/12.md b/eph/03/12.md index 6802902d4e..51a286d1ce 100644 --- a/eph/03/12.md +++ b/eph/03/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Paul praises God in his sufferings and prays for these Ephesian believers. -## translationNotes +# we have boldness -* **access with confidence** - AT: "access into God's presence with confidence" or "freedom to enter into God's presence with confidence" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **because of our faith in him** - AT: "because of our faith in Christ" -* **Therefore I ask you not to be discouraged at** - AT: “Therefore I ask you not to lose courage because of” +"we are without fear" or "we have courage" + +# access with confidence + +It may be helpful to state explicitly that this access is into God's presence. AT: "access into God's presence with confidence" or "freedom to enter into God's presence with confidence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# confidence + +"certainty" or "assurance" + +# for you, which is your glory + +Here "your glory" is a metonym for the pride they should feel or will feel in the future kingdom. The Christians in Ephesus should be proud of what Paul is suffering in prison. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "for you. This is for your benefit" or "for you. You should be proud of this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/14.md b/eph/03/14.md index 55c65d7a51..2e7f34f0aa 100644 --- a/eph/03/14.md +++ b/eph/03/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For this reason -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +You may need to make explicit what the reason is. AT: "Because God has done all this for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# I bend my knees to the Father -* **For this cause** - AT: "Because God has done all this for you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I bow my knees to the Father** - AT: "I bow my knees in prayer to the Father" or "I humbly pray to the Father" -* **that he would grant you** - AT: "that he would give you" +Bowed knees are a picture of the whole person in an attitude of prayer. AT: "I bow down in prayer to the Father" or "I humbly pray to the Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named + +The act of naming here probably also represents the act of creating. AT: "who created and named every family in heaven and on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with power + +"God, because he is so great and powerful, would allow you to become strong with his power" + +# would grant + +"would give" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/17.md b/eph/03/17.md index f6e0e1caf2..d493f9fa6c 100644 --- a/eph/03/17.md +++ b/eph/03/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] +Paul continues the prayer he began in [Ephesians 3:14](./14.md). -## translationNotes +# that Christ may live in your hearts through faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love -* **hearts through faith** - "Through" the idea of a channel or way, showing that Christ lives in the hearts of believers by means of God's gift of faith given to them. -* **that you be rooted and grounded in his love** - Paul compares their faith like a tree that has deep roots or a house build on a solid foundation. AT: "that you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building founded upon stone" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **all those set apart for God** - It means all believers. AT: "saints" -* **that you may know the surpassing greatness of Christ's love** - AT: "that you may know Christ's love that is far above anything we can know by experience" +This is the second item for which Paul prays that God will "grant" the Ephesians "according to the riches of his glory." The first is that they would "be strengthened" ([Ephesians 3:16](./14.md)). + +# hearts through faith + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being, and "through" expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love. May you have strength so you can understand + +Possible meanings are 1) "faith. I pray that you will be rooted and grounded in his love so that you can understand" or 2) "faith so you will be rooted and grounded in his love. I also pray that you can understand" + +# that you will be rooted and grounded in his love + +Paul speaks of their faith as if it were a tree that has deep roots or a house built on a solid foundation. AT: "that you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building built on stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so you can understand + +This is the second item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](./14.md)) and that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](./14.md)). And "understand" is the first thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians themselves will be able to do. + +# all the believers + +"all believers in Christ" or "all the saints" + +# the width, the length, the height, and the depth + +Possible meanings are 1) these words describe the greatness of God's wisdom, AT: "how very wise God is" or 2) these word describe the intensity of Christ's love for us. AT: "how much Christ loves us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that you may know the love of Christ + +This is the second thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians will be able to do; the first is that they "understand." AT: "that you can know how great Christ's love for us is" + +# that you may be filled with all the fullness of God + +This is the third item for which Paul bends his knees and prays ([Ephesians 3:14-16](./14.md)). The first is that they would "be strengthened" ([Ephesians 3:16](./14.md)), and the second is that they "can understand" (3:18). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/20.md b/eph/03/20.md index 237a04f705..e605c2be1b 100644 --- a/eph/03/20.md +++ b/eph/03/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +Paul concludes his prayer with a blessing. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now to him** - AT: "Now to God" -* **everything far, far above** - God can do far more than we could ever ask or imagine. -* **that we ask or think** - "We" includes Paul and his audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +The words "we" and "us" in this book continue to include Paul and all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Now to him who + +"Now to God, who" + +# to do far beyond all that we ask or think + +"to do much more than all that we ask or think" or "to do things that are much greater than all that we ask him for or think about" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/intro.md b/eph/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03ac2557ef --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Ephesians 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "I pray" ##### + +This chapter is structured loosely as a prayer, but it is not a typical prayer. This is a unique "prayer" where Paul is not just talking to God directly. He is also is giving written instructions to the church in Ephesus. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mystery ##### +Paul refers to the church as a "mystery." The role of the church in the plans of God was once not known, but it has now been revealed by God. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles' equal standing with the Jews in the current plans of God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/01.md b/eph/04/01.md index 9671f2b495..ec529da998 100644 --- a/eph/04/01.md +++ b/eph/04/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Because of what Paul has been writing to the Ephesians, he tells them how they should live their lives as believers and again emphasizes that believers are to agree with each other. -## translationNotes +# as the prisoner for the Lord -* **as the prisoner for the Lord** - AT: "as someone who is in prison because of his choice to serve the Lord" -* **I urge you to live worthily of the calling** - In all these verses the word "you" refers to all the believers at Ephesus. AT: "I encourage with you to conduct yourself in a manner proper of the calling" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **with great humility and gentleness and patience, accepting each other in love** - AT: "You must learn to be humble, gentle, patient and to accept each other in love" -* **keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace** - AT: “seek to live together in peace to maintain the unity of the Spirit” +"as someone who is in prison because of his choice to serve the Lord" + +# walk worthily of the calling + +Walking is a common way to express the idea of living one's life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to live with great humility and gentleness and patience + +"to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient" + +# keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace + +"seek to live together in peace to maintain the unity of the Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/04.md b/eph/04/04.md index fe2233ebed..1de8c3816f 100644 --- a/eph/04/04.md +++ b/eph/04/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# one body -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# one Spirit -* **one body** - All believers in the family of God are like the various members of a human body. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **one Spirit** - There is one Holy Spirit. -* **called in one** - AT: "specially chosen in one" or "appointed in one" -* **in one confident expectation** - AT: "in one sure hope" -* **Father of all...and in all** - AT: "Father of everything...over everything...through everything...in everything" +"only one Holy Spirit" + +# you were called in one certain hope of your calling + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God called you to have one confident hope in your calling" or "there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Father of all ... over all ... through all ... and in all + +The word "all" here means "everything." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/07.md b/eph/04/07.md index 89a3cec8c1..bded1c5b69 100644 --- a/eph/04/07.md +++ b/eph/04/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul reminds believers of the gifts that Christ gives believers to use in the church, which is the whole body of believers. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **To each one of us** - The word "us" includes Paul and all the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **To each one of us has been given a gift** - AT: "A gift has been given to each believer" or "God gave a gift to each one of us" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **When he ascended the heights** - "When Christ went up into heaven" - The word "he" refers to Christ through verse 11. +The quote here is from a song that King David wrote. + +# To each one of us grace has been given + +This can be stated using an active form. AT: "God has given grace to each one of us" or "God gave a gift to each believer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When he ascended to the heights + +"When Christ went up into heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/09.md b/eph/04/09.md index c7be83fbd4..db1fc5e6d5 100644 --- a/eph/04/09.md +++ b/eph/04/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He ascended -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +"Christ went up" -## translationNotes +# he also descended -* **He ascended** - AT: "He went up" -* **he also descended** - AT: "he also went down" or "he also came down" -* **into the depths of the earth** - Possible meanings include 1) "into the lower regions, the earth" or 2) "into the lower parts, the earth" -* **he might fill all things** - AT: "he might completely fill everything" or "all might be filled with him" +"Christ also came down" + +# into the lower regions of the earth + +Possible meanings are 1) the lower regions are a part of the earth or 2) "the lower regions" is another way of referring to the earth. AT: "into the lower regions, the earth." + +# that he might fill all things + +"so that he might be present everywhere in his power" + +# fill + +"complete" or "satisfy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/11.md b/eph/04/11.md index 38d5ed9386..e5dfd1b677 100644 --- a/eph/04/11.md +++ b/eph/04/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# He gave these offices -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:evangelism]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pastor]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +The one to whom Christ gave the gifts can be stated clearly. AT: "Christ gave these offices to the church" or "He gave people with these responsibilities to the church (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# to equip his holy people -* **Christ gave gifts like these** - AT: "Christ gave gifts to the Church like these" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **those set apart for God** - This refers to all believers. -* **the work of service** - AT: "serving others" -* **for the building up of the body of Christ** - This metaphor compares growing spiritually to doing exercises to increase the strength of the human body. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **reach the unity of faith** - AT: "become equally strong in faith" -* **reach complete adulthood** - AT: "become mature believers" +"to prepare the people he has set apart" or "to provide the believers" + +# for the work of service + +"so they can serve others" + +# for the building up of the body of Christ + +Paul is speaking of people who grow spiritually as if they were doing exercises to increase the strength of their physical bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# building up + +"improvement" + +# body of Christ + +The "body of Christ" refers to all of the individual members of Christ's Church. + +# reach the unity of faith and knowledge of the Son of God + +The believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers. + +# reach the unity of faith + +"become equally strong in faith" or "become united together in faith" + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# become mature + +"become mature believers" + +# mature + +"fully developed" or "grown up" or "complete" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/14.md b/eph/04/14.md index 29cb5fcc5a..30ed524f8b 100644 --- a/eph/04/14.md +++ b/eph/04/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# be children -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul refers to believers who have not grown spiritually as if they were children who have had very little experience in life. AT: "be like children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# tossed back and forth ... carried away by every wind of teaching -* **This is so that we should** - AT: "Then we will" -* **be like children** - This is comparing a believer who has not grown spiritually to a child who has had very little experience in life. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **tossed around and carried away by every wind of teaching** - This metaphor compares a believer who has not become mature and hears wrong teaching to a boat that is being blown by the wind in random directions on the water. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **by the trickery of people in the cleverness of erring deceit** - AT: "by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies" -* **Rather we will speak** - AT: "Instead we will speak" -* **into him who is the head...in the body's growth** - This is a metaphor using the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony like the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for the building up of each one in love** - AT: "so believers can help each other grow in love" +This speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows wrong teaching as if that believer were a boat that the wind is blowing in different directions on the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by the trickery of people in their deceitful schemes + +"by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies" + +# into him who is the head ... makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love + +Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by every supporting ligament + +A "ligament" is a strong band that connects bones or organs in place in the body. + +# in love + +"as the members love one another" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/17.md b/eph/04/17.md index 88b484599c..61227b118e 100644 --- a/eph/04/17.md +++ b/eph/04/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they as believers are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God. -## translationNotes +# Therefore, I say and insist on this in the Lord -* **This I say therefore, and I exhort you in the Lord** - AT: "Therefore I strongly encourage you in the Lord" -* **no longer walk as the Gentiles walk in the futility of their minds** - AT: "stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts" -* **being darkened in thought, alienated from the life of God by the ignorance that is in them and by the stubbornness of their heart** - AT: "They cannot experience the life of God because their minds have been blinded and they are stubborn" -* **being darkened in thought** - They no longer think or reason clearly. -* **alienated from the life of God** - AT: "separated from godly living" -* **by the ignorance that is in them** - AT: "because they have no knowledge of God" -* **by the stubbornness of their heart** - They refuse to listen to God and follow His teachings. -* **They have handed themselves over to debauchery in impure actions, in every kind of greediness** - AT: "They have given their lives to an excessive desire for pleasure by their evil behavior and greed for everything they desire" +"Because what I have just said, I will say something more to strongly encourage you because we all belong to the Lord" + +# that you must no longer live as the Gentiles live, in the futility of their minds + +"stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts" + +# They are darkened in their understanding + +They no longer think or reason clearly. AT: "They have darkened their thoughts" or "They are not able to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because they do not know God, they cannot live the way God wants his people to live" or "They have cut themselves off from the life of God by their ignorance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# alienated + +"cut off" or "separated" + +# ignorance + +"lack of knowledge" or "lack of information" + +# because of the hardness of their hearts + +They refuse to listen to God and follow his teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have handed themselves over to sensuality + +Paul speaks of these people as if they were objects that they themselves were giving to other people, and he speaks of the way they want to satisfy their physical desires as if it were the person to whom they give themselves. AT: "only want to satisfy their physical desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/20.md b/eph/04/20.md index da72257cc2..f254e7dbe4 100644 --- a/eph/04/20.md +++ b/eph/04/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But that is not how you learned about Christ -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +The word "that" refers to the way the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](./17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned about Christ was the opposite of that. AT: "But what you learned about Christ was not like that" -## translationNotes +# I assume that you have heard ... and that you were taught -* **But this is not how you learned about Christ** - AT: "But you did not learn to follow Christ in this way" -* **If you have heard about him and have been taught about him, that this is the truth about Jesus** - AT: "Since you have heard about Jesus and have been taught the truth by him" -* **you must put off the old man—that which accords with your old conduct, which is being corrupted according to deceitful desires** - AT: "you must discard behavior that was normal to your old way of living, which got worse as your evil desires deceived you" -* **you must put off the old man** - You must rid yourself of all sinful behavior just like taking off clothes and throwing them away. AT: "you must change your behavior" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that which accords with your old conduct** - AT: "behavior that agrees with your old nature" or "behavior that agrees with your old self" -* **which is being corrupted according to deceitful desires** - AT: "which continues to grow worse because of lying desires of the flesh" +Paul knows that the Ephesians have heard and been taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# you were taught in him + +Possible meanings are 1) "Jesus' people have taught you" or 2) "someone has taught you because you are Jesus' people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as the truth is in Jesus + +"as everything about Jesus is true" + +# to put off what belongs to your former manner of life + +Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. AT: "to stop living according to your former manner of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to put off the old man + +Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. AT: "to stop living as your former self did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# old man + +The "old man" refers to the "old nature" or "former self." + +# that is corrupt because of its deceitful desires + +Paul speaks of the sinful human nature as if it were a dead body falling apart in its grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/23.md b/eph/04/23.md index 3da955ee25..83db1d9cbe 100644 --- a/eph/04/23.md +++ b/eph/04/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to be renewed in the spirit of your minds -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This may be translated with an active form. AT: "to allow God to change your attitudes and thoughts" or "to allow God to give you new attitudes and thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to put on the new man that is created in the image of God -* **you may be renewed** - AT: "you may be changed" or "you may be transformed" -* **so that you may put on the new man** - This shows how an unbeliever becomes a new person when he becomes a believer by the power of God, just as a person puts on new clothing and looks totally different. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. AT: "to live your new life, which is created in the image of God" or "to start living in the new way because you were created in the image of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in true righteousness and holiness + +"truly righteous and holy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/25.md b/eph/04/25.md index 3dd3dddc8b..c525d9427a 100644 --- a/eph/04/25.md +++ b/eph/04/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# get rid of lies -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"stop telling lies" -## translationNotes +# we are members of one another -* **put away falsehood** - AT: "you must stop telling lies" -* **Speak truth, each one with his neighbor** - AT: "believers must speak the truth to their neighbors" -* **we are members of each other** - AT: "we are all members of God's family" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **Be angry, but do not sin** - AT: "You may get angry, but do not sin" -* **Do not let the sun go down upon your anger** - AT: "You must get over your anger before night comes" +"we belong to one another" or "we are members of God's family" + +# Be angry and do not sin + +"You may get angry, but do not sin" or "If you become angry, do not sin" + +# Do not let the sun go down on your anger + +The sun going down represents nightfall, or the end of the day. AT: "You must stop being angry before night comes" or "Let go of your anger before the day ends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not give an opportunity to the devil + +"Do not give the devil an opportunity to lead you into sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/28.md b/eph/04/28.md index 8474cd359f..92768a7ed6 100644 --- a/eph/04/28.md +++ b/eph/04/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# filthy talk -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +This refers to speech that is cruel or rude. -## translationNotes +# for building others up -* **No corrupt speech must come out of your mouth** - AT: "Let no bad language come out of your mouth" or "Let no evil talk come out of your mouth" -* **instead words that are useful for building up others** - AT: "instead speak words that are useful for building up, or giving strength to other believers" -* **to give grace to them who are listening** - AT: "In this way you will give grace to those who are listening" -* **do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God** - AT: "do not cause the Holy Spirit of God to become sad by your bad speech" -* **by whom you have been sealed** - AT: "for he has sealed you" +"for encouraging others" or "for strengthening others" + +# their needs, that your words would be helpful to those who hear you + +"their needs. In this way you will help those who hear you" + +# do not grieve + +"do not distress" or "do not upset" + +# for it is by him that you were sealed for the day of redemption + +The Holy Spirit assures believers that God will redeem them. Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a mark that God puts on believers to show that he owns them. AT: "for he is the seal that assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption" or "for he is the one who assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/31.md b/eph/04/31.md index 56d66f7997..0d178d70ed 100644 --- a/eph/04/31.md +++ b/eph/04/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] +Paul finishes his instructions on what believers should not do and ends with what they must do. -## translationNotes +# Put away all bitterness, rage, anger -* **Let all bitterness...be taken away from you** - AT: "Let God take away all feelings of hostility" or "Let God take away all feelings of hatred" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **rage and anger** - The words "rage" and "anger" express the great intensity of anger. AT: "uncontrolled anger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **shouting and insults** - The word "shouting" intensifies the harshness of "insults." AT: "harsh verbal abuse" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **and be kind to each other, tenderhearted** - AT: "Instead you must be kind to each other, gentle" or "Instead you must be kind to each other, full of compassion" +"Put away" is a metaphor for not continuing to have certain attitudes or behaviors. AT: "You must not allow these things to be part of your life: bitterness, rage, anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rage + +intense anger + +# Be kind + +"Instead, be kind" + +# tenderhearted + +"gentle" or "full of compassion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/intro.md b/eph/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8a491b3fcb --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Ephesians 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:8, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Spiritual gifts ##### +Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities given to Christians after coming to faith in Jesus. This is not an exhaustive list of the spiritual gifts. Some scholars believe there are some gifts given only in the early church because they were foundational to the development of the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Unity ##### +Paul places a great importance on unity in the church. This is a major theme of this chapter. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Old man and new man ##### +The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature that a person is born with, while the "new man" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after coming to faith in Christ. Paul also uses the terms old/new self and old/new creation in the same way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/01.md b/eph/05/01.md index 21f65ee032..42b845a25c 100644 --- a/eph/05/01.md +++ b/eph/05/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Paul continues to tell the believers how they should and should not live as God's children. -## translationNotes +# Therefore be imitators of God -* **Therefore become imitators of God** - AT: "Therefore you should do things which God does" -* **as his beloved children** - God desires us to imitate him since we are his children. -* **live in love** - AT: "live a life of love" -* **an offering and sacrifice, a pleasing aroma, to God** - AT: "a sweet-smelling offering and sacrifice to God" +"Therefore you should do what God does." Therefore refers back to [Ephesians 4:32](../04/31.md) which tells why believers should imitate God, because Christ forgave believers. + +# as dearly loved children + +God desires us to imitate or follow him since we are his children. AT: "as dearly loved children imitate their fathers" or "because you are his children and he loves you dearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# walk in love + +Walking is a common way to express the idea of living one's life. AT: "live a life of love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God + +"like a sweet-smelling offering and sacrifice to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/03.md b/eph/05/03.md index 63134a5167..c65606fde3 100644 --- a/eph/05/03.md +++ b/eph/05/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But there must not be even a suggestion among you of sexual immorality or any kind of impurity or of greed -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] +"Do not do anything that would let anyone think that you are are guilty of sexual immorality or any kind of impurity or greed" -## translationNotes +# any kind of impurity -* **Sexual immorality or any impurity or sensual greed must not be suggested among you, as is proper for those set apart for God** - AT: "Do not allow even the thought of sexual immorality or any impurity or greed to be found among God's people" -* **any impurity** - AT: "any moral uncleanness" -* **sensual greed** - AT: "desires for what others have" -* **must not be suggested among you** - AT: "must not be mentioned among you" or "must not be discovered among you" -* **as is proper for those set apart for God** - AT: "Your behavior should always be appropriate as God's holy people" -* **nor obscenity, foolish talk, or degrading jokes, which are improper, but rather thankfulness** - AT: "Let your speech be filled with thanksgiving, not filthy and foolish talk or unclean jokes" +"any moral uncleanness" + +# Instead there should be thanksgiving + +"Instead you should thank God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/05.md b/eph/05/05.md index b78c6dfbc5..3a37dabdd7 100644 --- a/eph/05/05.md +++ b/eph/05/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# inheritance -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# empty words -* **Let no one deceive you with empty words** - AT: "Do not let anyone trick you with false arguments" or "Do not let anyone mislead you with meaningless words" -* **Because of these things the anger of God is coming upon the children of disobedience** - AT: "The anger of God is coming upon the people who disobey him when they do these things" -* **So do not be participants with them** - AT: "Be sure you do not participate with them in evil behavior" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]} +words that have no truth to them \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/08.md b/eph/05/08.md index 2985efe2f5..2f752f1ade 100644 --- a/eph/05/08.md +++ b/eph/05/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For you were once darkness -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin lack spiritual understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# but now you are light in the Lord -* **For you were once darkness** - Just as one can not see in the dark, so people who live in sin lack spiritual understanding. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but now you are light in the Lord** - Just as one can see in the light, so people who live in righteousness have spiritual understanding. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **because the fruit of the light is all goodness, righteousness, and truth** - The works coming from the life of a believer (goodness, righteousness, and truth) are like the good fruit produced by a healthy tree. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Have no participation with the unfruitful works of the darkness** - AT: "Do not be involved with the unfruitful works of sin or unbelievers" -* **the unfruitful works of the darkness** - The works of someone living in spiritual darkness are like the evil actions of people who do evil works hidden by the darkness at night. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but rather expose them** - AT: "but rather show them to be wrong" +Just as one can see in the light, so people whom God has saved understand how to please God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Walk as children of light + +Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. AT: "Live as people who understand what the Lord wants them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fruit of the light consists in all goodness, righteousness, and truth + +Just as a healthy tree produces good fruit, a believer will do what is good, do the righteous things God wants him to do, and will speak true words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not associate with the unfruitful works of darkness + +Paul speaks of the useless, sinful things that unbelievers do as if they are evil deeds people do in the dark so no one will see them. AT: "Do not do useless, sinful things with unbelievers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unfruitful works + +actions that do nothing good, useful, or profitable. Paul is comparing evil actions to an unhealthy tree that produces nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# expose them + +Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. AT: "bring them out into the light" or "uncover them" or "show and tell people how wrong these actions are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/13.md b/eph/05/13.md index f1a43d06d0..fcd8509971 100644 --- a/eph/05/13.md +++ b/eph/05/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers. -## translationNotes +# anything that becomes visible is light -* **Everything is revealed by the light** - Just as light reveals things that were hidden in the physical world, so the light of Christ reveals the evil spiritual actions of unbelievers in the spiritual world. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Awake, you who sleep, and rise from the dead** - Unbelievers need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Christ will shine on you** - Christ will enable an unbeliever to understand his provision of forgiveness and new life just as light shows what is actually there that was hidden by darkness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"people can clearly see everything that comes into the light." Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God's Word shows people's actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God's truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Awake, you sleeper, and arise from the dead ones + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is addressing unbelievers who need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond, or 2) Paul is addressing the Ephesian believers and using death as a metaphor for their spiritual weakness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you sleeper ... shine on you + +These instances of "you" refer to the "sleeper" and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Christ will shine on you + +Christ will enable an unbeliever to understand how evil his deeds are and how Christ will forgive him and give him new life, just as light shows what actually is there that darkness hid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/15.md b/eph/05/15.md index db1529fca8..b9e17e9923 100644 --- a/eph/05/15.md +++ b/eph/05/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Look carefully how you live—not as unwise but as wise -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Unwise people do not guard themselves against sin. Wise people, however, can identify sin and flee from it. AT: "Therefore you must be careful to live as a wise person rather than a foolish person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Redeem the time -* **Therefore be careful how you live, not as unwise people but as wise** - Unwise people do not guard themselves against sin. However wise people can identify sin and flee from it. AT: "Therefore you must be careful to live like a wise person rather than an unwise person" -* **Redeem the time** - We have a choice to live in sin which is the same as using our time unwisely. Or we can live doing what the Lord wants us to do and use our time wisely. AT: "Use your time wisely" -* **because the days are evil** - The word "days" means the times you are living in. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Using time wisely is spoken of as if it were redeeming the time. AT: "Do the best things you can with your time" or "Use time wisely" or "Put time to its best use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because the days are evil + +The word "days" is a metonym for what people do during those days. AT: "because the people around you are doing all kinds of evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/18.md b/eph/05/18.md index 3e94345022..b248038e65 100644 --- a/eph/05/18.md +++ b/eph/05/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live. -## translationNotes +# And do not get drunk with wine -* **And do not get drunk with wine** - AT: "And you should not get drunk from drinking wine" -* **instead be filled with the Holy Spirit** - AT: "instead you should be filled with the Holy Spirit" -* **in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs** - AT: "with all sorts of songs to praise God" -* **always giving thanks** - AT: "Always give thanks" -* **subjecting yourselves** - AT: "Humbly submit yourselves" +"You should not get drunk from drinking wine" + +# Instead, be filled with the Holy Spirit + +"Instead, you should be controlled with the Holy Spirit" + +# psalms and hymns and spiritual songs + +Possible meanings are that 1) Paul is using these words as a merism for "all sorts of songs to praise God" or 2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# psalms + +These are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang. + +# hymns + +These are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing. + +# spiritual songs + +Possible meanings are 1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or 2) "spiritual songs" and "hymns" are doublets and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/22.md b/eph/05/22.md index 1443f70a57..3d50fb800f 100644 --- a/eph/05/22.md +++ b/eph/05/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] +Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](./18.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other. -## translationNotes +# the head of the wife ... the head of the church -* **he is the Savior of the body** - AT: "Christ is the Savior of the body of believers" or "Christ is the Savior of all believers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **so also must wives be to their husbands in everything** - AT: "so wives must also be subject to their husbands in everything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The word "head" represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/25.md b/eph/05/25.md index 878721c0e7..d97ade0211 100644 --- a/eph/05/25.md +++ b/eph/05/25.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +Here the words "himself" and "he" refer to Christ. The word "her" refers to the church. -## translationNotes +# love your wives -* **love your wives** - "Love" is referring to unselfish, serving or giving love. -* **gave himself up for her, that he might make her holy because he cleansed us** - The words “himself” and “he” refer to Christ while the words “her” and "us" refer to the Church (or all the believers in the Church). -* **gave himself up for her** - AT: "Christ sacrificed everything for her" -* **he cleansed us by the washing of water by the word** - Possible meanings are 1) Paul is referring to having been made clean by God's word and through water baptism in Christ or 2) Paul is saying God made us spiritually clean from our sins by the word of God like we make our bodies clean by washing with water. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that he might present to himself the Church** - "that Christ might present to himself the Church" -* **without stain or wrinkle** - Paul speaks of the Church as a garment that is clean and in good condition. He uses the same idea in two ways to emphasize the Church's purity. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **holy and without fault** - The phrase "without fault" means basically the same thing as "holy." Paul uses the two together to emphasize the Church's purity. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "love" refers to unselfish serving or giving love to wives. + +# gave himself up + +"allowed people to kill him" + +# having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is referring to God's making Christ's people clean by God's word and through water baptism in Christ or 2) Paul is saying God made us spiritually clean from our sins by the word of God as we make our bodies clean by washing with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for her ... make her holy ... cleansed her + +Paul speaks of the assembly of believers as though it were a woman whom Jesus will marry. AT: "for us ... make us holy ... cleansed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# without stain or wrinkle + +Paul speaks of the church as though it were a garment that is clean and in good condition. He uses the same idea in two ways to emphasize the church's purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# holy and without fault + +The phrase "without fault" means basically the same thing as "holy." Paul uses the two together to emphasize the church's purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/28.md b/eph/05/28.md index fd5275c2dd..73833ffd10 100644 --- a/eph/05/28.md +++ b/eph/05/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# as their own bodies -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +That people love their own bodies may be stated explicitly. AT: "as husbands love their own bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# but nourishes -* **as their own bodies** - AT: "as they love their own bodies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **instead he nourishes** - AT: "instead he nurtures" or "instead he cares for" -* **we are members of his body** - The word "we" refers to Paul and all the believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **we are members of his body** - Possible meanings are 1) "we are members of his body of believers" (non-metaphorical sense) or 2) Believers fit together to form the body of Christ just as the parts of the human body fit together to form a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"but feeds" + +# we are members of his body + +Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/31.md b/eph/05/31.md index 428db4ea30..7949b7fa58 100644 --- a/eph/05/31.md +++ b/eph/05/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] +The quotation is from the writings of Moses in the Old Testament. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **For this cause** - AT: "For this reason" -* **must love his own wife as himself** - The words "his" and "himself" refer to a male believer who is married. -* **the wife must respect her husband** - AT: "the wife must honor her husband" or "the wife must reverence her husband" +The words "his" and "himself" refer to a male believer who marries. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/intro.md b/eph/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3a9ea7f056 --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Ephesians 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 5:14, which is a reference to the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Inheritance of the kingdom of Christ ##### +This is a difficult concept to understand. Because all of these sins can be forgiven, it should be obvious the inheritance talked about here is not eternal life. Some scholars, though, believe those who continue to practice these things will not inherit eternal life. It seems to be more natural to see "inheriting the kingdom" as referencing a future kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Wives, submit to your husbands ##### +Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in light of its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things (known as "egalitarianism"). Other scholars believe men and women were created to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church (known as "complementarianism"). One's understanding of this issue will likely affect how this passage is translated. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/01.md b/eph/06/01.md index 688175b2c0..9675efd62f 100644 --- a/eph/06/01.md +++ b/eph/06/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +Paul continues to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to each other. He gives instructions to children, fathers, workers, and masters. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Children, obey your parents in the Lord** - Paul is referring to children obeying their physical parents. -* **that it may be well with you, and you may live long on the earth** - The pronoun "you" refers to the children of Israel to whom Moses was speaking. AT: "so that you may prosper and live a long life on the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) +The first word "your" is plural. Then Paul quotes Moses. Moses was talking to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so "your" and "you" are singular. You may need to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Children, obey your parents in the Lord + +Paul reminds children to obey their physical parents. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/04.md b/eph/06/04.md index 12be09092f..7806c88fc2 100644 --- a/eph/06/04.md +++ b/eph/06/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# do not provoke your children to anger -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +"do not make your children angry" or "do not cause your children to be angry" -## translationNotes +# raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord -* **And, you fathers, do not provoke your children to anger** - AT: "You fathers must not do things that will make your children angry" or "You fathers must not cause your children to be angry" -* **raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord** - AT: "bring them up in the training and teaching of the Lord" +"help them grow in the training and teaching of the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/05.md b/eph/06/05.md index 725bb01693..0d3c0248b2 100644 --- a/eph/06/05.md +++ b/eph/06/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# be obedient to -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"obey." This is a command. -## translationNotes +# deep respect and trembling -* **Slaves, be obedient to** - AT: "You slaves should obey" -* **and trembling, in the honesty of your heart, as to Christ** - AT: "and humble fear, just as you obey Christ" -* **deep respect and trembling** - These are two similar ways to show honor towards one's master. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **not only to please them when they are watching you** - AT: "Always work as if you were working for Christ himself, even when your masters are not watching you" -* **as slaves of Christ himself** - Serve your earthly master as if your earthly master was Christ himself. -* **serving cheerfully as for the Lord and not just for people** - AT: "Work joyfully since you are working for the Lord and not just for people" -* **remembering that whatever good deed each person does, he will receive a reward from the Lord** - AT: "Remember that every good deed a person does will be rewarded by the Lord" +The phrase "deep respect and trembling" uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# and trembling + +Here "trembling" is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. AT: "and fear" or "as though you were shaking with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in the honesty of your heart + +"being completely honest" + +# as slaves of Christ + +Serve your earthly master as though your earthly master were Christ himself. + +# Serve with all your heart, as though you were serving the Lord and not people + +"work joyfully, since you are working for the Lord and not only pleasing people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/09.md b/eph/06/09.md index 603dbdc25d..493ac2d0d4 100644 --- a/eph/06/09.md +++ b/eph/06/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# treat your slaves in the same way -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"you also must treat your slaves well" or "just as slaves must do good to their masters, you also must do good to your slaves (See: [Ephesians 6:5](./05.md)) -## translationNotes +# You know that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven -* **do the same things for your slaves, without threatening them** - AT: "treat your slaves without threats, as Christ would treat them" -* **knowing that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven** - AT: "because you know that Christ is the Master of both slaves and their masters" -* **and that there is no favoritism with him** - AT: "and he has no favorites" +"You know that Christ is the Master of both slaves and their masters, and that he is in heaven" + +# there is no favoritism with him + +"he judges everyone the same way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/10.md b/eph/06/10.md index 664dbd4e5d..b53ba161c9 100644 --- a/eph/06/10.md +++ b/eph/06/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +Paul gives instructions to make believers strong in this battle we live for God. -## translationNotes +# the strength of his might -* **be strong in the Lord and in the strength of his might** - AT: "depend completely on the Lord to give you spiritual strength" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Put on the whole armor of God, that you may be able to stand against the scheming plans of the devil** - Christians should use all the resources God gives to stand firm against the devil just as a soldier puts on armor to protect himself from enemy attacks. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"his great power." See how "the strength of his power" is translated near the end of [Ephesians 1:21](../01/19.md). + +# Put on the whole armor of God, so that you may be able to stand against the scheming plans of the devil + +Christians should use all the resources God gives to stand firmly against the devil just as a soldier puts on armor to protect himself from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the scheming plans + +"the tricky plans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/12.md b/eph/06/12.md index df9851d55c..e92d86c8e7 100644 --- a/eph/06/12.md +++ b/eph/06/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# flesh and blood -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This expression refers to people, not spirits who do not have human bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Therefore put on the whole armor of God -* **flesh and blood** - This expression refers to people, in contrast to spirits who do not have human bodies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Therefore put on the whole armor of God** - Christians should use the protective resources God gives them in fighting the devil in the same way a soldier puts on armor to protect himself against his enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Christians should use the protective resources God gives them in fighting the devil in the same way a soldier puts on armor to protect himself against his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that you may be able to stand in this time of evil + +The words "stand firm" represent successfully resisting or fighting something. AT: "so that you may be able to resist evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/14.md b/eph/06/14.md index 4a37413d6b..0caae1368d 100644 --- a/eph/06/14.md +++ b/eph/06/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Stand, therefore -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +The words "stand" represents successfully resisting or fighting something. See how you translated "stand firm" in [Ephesians 6:13](./12.md). "So resist evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the belt of truth -* **the belt of truth** - Truth holds everything together for a believer just as a belt holds all clothing of a soldier together. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the breastplate of righteousness** - The gift of righteousness covers a believer's heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **wear shoes on your feet that are prepared to proclaim the gospel of peace** - Just as a soldier wears shoes to give him solid footing, the believer must have solid knowledge of the gospel of peace in order to be ready to proclaim it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **always carrying the shield of faith** - The faith God gives a believer is to be used for protection when the devil attacks like a shield which a soldier uses to protect from enemy attacks. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the flaming arrows of the evil one** - The attacks of the devil against a believer are like flaming arrows shot at a soldier by an enemy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Truth holds everything together for a believer just as a belt holds the clothing of a soldier together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# truth ... righteousness + +We are to know the truth and act in ways that please God. + +# the breastplate of righteousness + +Possible meanings are 1) the gift of righteousness covers a believer's heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier or 2) our living as God wants us, gives us a clear conscience that protects our hearts the way a breastplate protects a soldier's chest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then as shoes for your feet, put on the readiness to proclaim the gospel of peace + +Just as a soldier wears shoes to give him solid footing, the believer must have solid knowledge of the gospel of peace in order to be ready to proclaim it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In all circumstances take up the shield of faith + +The believer must use the faith that God gives for protection when the devil attacks, just as a soldier uses a shield to protect him from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the flaming arrows of the evil one + +The attacks of the devil against a believer are like flaming arrows shot at a soldier by an enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/17.md b/eph/06/17.md index b2ac1aba17..50045bf110 100644 --- a/eph/06/17.md +++ b/eph/06/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# take the helmet of salvation -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:perseverance]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Salvation given by God protects the believer's mind just as a helmet protects the head of a soldier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God -* **And take the helmet of salvation** - Salvation given by God protects the believer's mind just as a helmet protects the head of a soldier. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God** - The word of God, inspired by the Holy Spirit, is to be used to fight against and defend the believer from the devil just as a soldier uses his sword to fight and defend against enemy attacks. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **through every prayer and request praying at all times in the Spirit** - AT: "Pray at all times in the Spirit as you pray and make specific requests" -* **with all perseverance and prayer for all those set apart for God** - AT: "with constant alertness and prayer for all the believers" +The word of God, inspired by the Holy Spirit, is to be used to fight against and defend the believer from the devil just as a soldier uses his sword to fight and defend against enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# With every prayer and request, pray at all times in the Spirit + +"Pray at all times in the Spirit as you pray and make specific requests" + +# To this end + +"For this reason" or "Keeping this in mind." This refers to the attitude of taking God's armor. + +# be watching with all perseverance, as you offer prayers for all God's holy people + +"persevere in being alert, and pray for all God's holy people" or "pray with constant alertness for all the believers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/19.md b/eph/06/19.md index d84caf3a92..d49288c963 100644 --- a/eph/06/19.md +++ b/eph/06/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ambassador]] -* [[en:tw:bold]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +In his closing, Paul asks them to pray for his boldness in telling the gospel while he is in prison and says he is sending Tychicus to comfort them. -## translationNotes +# that a message might be given to me -* **that the word might be given to me** - AT: "that God might give me the word" or "God might give me the message" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when I open my mouth to make known with boldness** - AT: "when I speak to boldly make known" -* **for which I am an ambassador in chains** - AT: "I am now in prison because I am a representative of the gospel" -* **that in my imprisonment I may speak boldly as I ought to speak** - AT: "that I may speak God's message as boldly as I should here in prison" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God might give me the word" or "God might give me the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when I open my mouth. Pray that I might make known with boldness + +"when I speak. Pray that I boldly explain" + +# open my mouth + +This is a metonym for speaking. AT: "speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# It is for the gospel that I am an ambassador who is kept in chains + +The words "in chains" are a metonym for being in prison. AT: "I am now in prison because I am a representative of the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that I may declare it boldly, as I ought to speak + +The word "pray" is understood from verse 19. AT: "so pray that whenever I teach the gospel, I will speak it as boldly as I should" or "pray that I may speak the gospel as boldly as I should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/21.md b/eph/06/21.md index 7b0c5b62eb..ee5717fcea 100644 --- a/eph/06/21.md +++ b/eph/06/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Tychicus -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes - -* **my affairs** - AT: “my situation” or “my circumstances” -* **Tychicus** - Tychicus was one of several men who served with Paul. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **will make known to you everything** - AT: "will tell you everything" (See UDB) +Tychicus was one of several men who served with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/23.md b/eph/06/23.md index 1dfbd2a12d..4b5ef08b20 100644 --- a/eph/06/23.md +++ b/eph/06/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] - -## translationNotes +# Connecting Statement: +Paul closes his letter to the Ephesian believers with a blessing of peace and grace on all believers who love Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/intro.md b/eph/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f61101c791 --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Ephesians 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Slavery ##### +This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. Paul's teaching on slavery would have been rather radical during his time because masters were not expected to treat their slaves in such a pleasant way. Overall, Paul's focus is on living in a way that pleases God despite the circumstances of one's life. Remember, Paul is in prison when he writes these words. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Armor of God ##### +This is an extended metaphor describing how Christians can protect themselves from spiritual "attacks" in their daily lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/front/intro.md b/eph/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..57e8a47a34 --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +# Introduction to Ephesians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Ephesians #### + +1. Greeting and prayer for the spiritual blessings in Christ (1:1-23) +1. Sin and salvation (2:1-10) +1. Unity and peace (2:11-22) +1. Mystery of Christ in you, made known (3:1-13) +1. Prayer for riches of his glory to make them strong (3:14-21) +1. Unity of the Spirit, building up the Body of Christ (4:1-16) +1. New life (4:17-32) +1. Imitators of God (5:1-21) +1. Wives and husbands; children and parents; slaves and masters (5:22-6:9) +1. Armor of God (6:10-20) +1. Final greeting (6:21-24) + +#### What is the Book of Ephesians about? #### + +Paul wrote this letter to the Christians in Ephesus in order to encourage them. He wanted to explain to them God's love for them in Christ Jesus. He also wanted to describe the relationship of love and trust that they now had with God and the blessings that God was giving them because they were now united with Christ. Some of these blessings were the love and unity that God gave them to have with each other. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title "Ephesians," or "Paul's Letter to the Church in Ephesus," or "A Letter to the Christians in Ephesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### What was Paul's relationship to the church in Ephesus? #### + +The Apostle Paul helped to establish the church in Ephesus earlier in his ministry. He also lived in Ephesus for a year and a half and helped the church during this time. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the "hidden truth" that Paul mentions in the Book of Ephesians? #### + +Paul uses six times the expression translated in the ULB as "hidden truth." By it Paul always means something that is very important that God had to reveal to human beings because they could not know it on their own. It always refers to something about God's plan of salvation: either his plan to bring unity to mankind through Christ or his plan to bring mankind to himself. Sometimes he means by it the fact that the Gentiles are now able to benefit from the promises of Christ as equals with the Jews. + +#### What is the relationship between salvation and righteous living? #### + +This is a major theme of this letter and many of Paul's letters in general. Christians have been shown great grace by God because they have placed their faith in Jesus. After they come to know God, their righteous living demonstrates faith in Christ instead of obedience to the Law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Singular and plural "you" #### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. The word "you" is almost always plural and refers to the believers who may read this letter. The three exceptions to this are: 5:14, 6:2, and 6:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the "new self" or the "new man"? #### + +Paul means to say that a believer in Christ is given a new nature by the Holy Spirit, God's nature (See: 4:24). This is similar to God's action in bringing Jews and non-Jews together and so creating a new people, a people belonging to himself (See: 2:15). + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Ephesians ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, Ephesians ULB uses the following principles: +* Sometimes the context mainly implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the use of "hagios" to express the fact that God views Christians as sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another use of "hagios" is to express the idea that God is perfect and faultless. A third use is to express the idea that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULB uses "holy," "holy God," "holy ones," or "holy people." (See: 3:5) +* Sometimes the context mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 4:12; 5:3; 6:18) +* Sometimes the context mainly implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "set apart," "dedicated to," or "reserved for." (See: 1:1; 3:5) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +This kind of expression occurs in 1:1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 20; 2:6, 7, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22; 3:5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 21; 4:1, 17, 21, 32; 5:8, 18, 19; 6:1, 10, 18, 21. Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Ephesians? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The following are the most significant issues in the Book of Ephesians: + +* Some early manuscripts omit "in Ephesus" (1:1) but this expression is probably in the original letter. The ULB, UDB, and many modern versions have it. +* "because we are members of his body" (5:30). Most modern versions, including the ULB and UDB, read in this way. Some older versions read, "because we are members of his body and of his bones." Translators might decide to choose the second reading if other versions in their area have it. If translators do choose the second reading, they should put the additional words inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to the Book of Ephesians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/01.md b/est/01/01.md index 524b1d89e1..fa96074fc6 100644 --- a/est/01/01.md +++ b/est/01/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# In the days of Ahasuerus -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus|Ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia|Ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:royal|royal]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] +"In the time of Ahasuerus" or "When Ahasuerus was ruling as king" -## translationNotes +# this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces -* **In the days of Ahasuerus** - "In the time of Ahasuerus" or "When Ahasuerus was ruling as king". -* **127** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **provinces** - A “province” is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. -* **fortress** - A castle, stronghold or fortified camp. -* **Susa** - A Royal City of Persian Kings. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is background information to help the reader identify Ahasuerus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# 127 + +"one hundred and twenty-seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# provinces + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. + +# sat on his royal throne + +Here "royal throne" may refer to his rule over the kingdom. AT: "ruled the empire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fortress + +This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. + +# Susa + +This was a royal city of Persian kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/03.md b/est/01/03.md index 45ff06a564..a09e9fcbd5 100644 --- a/est/01/03.md +++ b/est/01/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# In the third year of his reign -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] +"After he had ruled for 2 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# The army -* **third year** - "after 2 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **180** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This likely refers to the leaders of the army. AT: "The officers of the army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom + +These words have similar meaning and emphasize how great his kingdom was. AT: "the great wealth of his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the honor of the glory of his greatness + +These words have similar meaning and emphasize how great he was. AT: "the splendor of his greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# 180 days + +"one hundred and eighty days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/05.md b/est/01/05.md index bd22a1ef12..623029290d 100644 --- a/est/01/05.md +++ b/est/01/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When these days were completed -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"At the end of that feast" -## translationNotes +# a feast lasting seven days -* **seven** - "7" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **palace** - Use the same word or phrase used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. -* **Susa** - Use the same word or phrase used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This was a second feast that was only for the officials in Susa. AT: "another feast that lasted seven days" + +# seven + +"7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fortress + +This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city.See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](./01.md). + +# Susa + +See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a mosaic pavement + +A "mosaic" consists of colored stones arranged in an attractive pattern. + +# porphyry + +This is a kind of red and purple rock that contained pieces of crystal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/07.md b/est/01/07.md index 445473a439..57fcd8b277 100644 --- a/est/01/07.md +++ b/est/01/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Drinks were served in golden cups -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The guests drank wine from gold cups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# there was much royal wine that came because of the king's generosity -* **generosity** - "great willingness to give" or "freely offering what one has" -* **The king had given orders to all the staff of his palace to do for them whatever each guest desired** - This statement means that the king told his workers to give all the guests what they wanted. +"the king was very generous with the royal wine" + +# generosity + +"great willingness to give" + +# There must be no compulsion + +"No one must be forced to drink" + +# The king had given orders to all the staff of his palace to do for them whatever each guest desired + +This statement means that the king told his workers to give all the guests as much wine as they wanted. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/09.md b/est/01/09.md index e52fee03c2..1f51dc2e09 100644 --- a/est/01/09.md +++ b/est/01/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# On the seventh day -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:vashti]] +"After 6 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the king's heart was feeling happy because of the wine -* **On the seventh day** - "After 6 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **when the king's heart was feeling happy because of the wine** - "after the king was drunk with wine" -* **Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **seven** - "7" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here "heart" refers to the king, and "feeling happy" is an idiom that means he was drunk. AT: "the king was drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Karkas + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the seven officials who served before him + +This is background information to explain who these men were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# her features were stunning + +"she was very beautiful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/12.md b/est/01/12.md index 0fc27cc199..a8d117070d 100644 --- a/est/01/12.md +++ b/est/01/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officials +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the king's officials told her about his command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# at the word -* There are no notes for this chunk. +"at the command" + +# his rage burned within him + +The intensity of the king's anger is spoken of as if it was a fire that burned inside him. AT: "his rage was as intense as a fire inside him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/13.md b/est/01/13.md index 55c41d8620..ac043c011c 100644 --- a/est/01/13.md +++ b/est/01/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# who understood the times -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:vashti]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"who understood the things that happened in their lives" -## translationNotes +# for this was the king's procedure toward all who were expert in law and judgment -* **Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **seven** - "7" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **In compliance with the law** - "In observance of the law" or "In obedience to the law" +This background information explains why the king called these men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Karshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memukan + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seven + +"7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# In compliance with the law ... by the officials? + +It may be helpful to state who asked this question. AT: The king said to them, "In compliance with the law ... by the officials?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In compliance with the law + +"In observance of the law" or "In obedience to the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/16.md b/est/01/16.md index 36a09db1f9..e1ab1df4ba 100644 --- a/est/01/16.md +++ b/est/01/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Memukan -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:vashti]] +Translate his name as in [Esther 1:14](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# all the officials and all the people ... all the provinces ... all women -* **Memucan** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **provinces** - Use the same word or phrase used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. +These are exaggerations to emphasize the damage that the queen's refusal caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# provinces + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](./01.md). + +# There will be much contempt and anger + +"They will be angry with their husbands and treat them with contempt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/19.md b/est/01/19.md index 63cc3ed094..89c5eaf6de 100644 --- a/est/01/19.md +++ b/est/01/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:vashti]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Meremoth continues to answer the king. -## translationNotes +# If it pleases the king ... from him ... before him ... Let the king ... the king's decree ... his vast kingdom -* **vast** - "big" or "huge" +Meremoth speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. AT: If it pleases your Majesty ... from you ... before you ... Please ... your decree ... your vast kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# which cannot be repealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which no one can change" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When the king's decree is proclaimed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When they hear the king's decree" or "When they hear what you have commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# vast + +"big" or "huge" + +# from the greatest to the least significant + +This is a merism that refers to both extremes and everyone in between. This probably refers to the husbands, but it is possible that it refers to the wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/21.md b/est/01/21.md index faceda5a6a..de3f5dd1af 100644 --- a/est/01/21.md +++ b/est/01/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Memukan -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +Translate his name as in [Esther 1:14](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# province -* **Memucan** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **province** - Use the same word or phrase used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](./01.md). + +# every man should be master of his own household + +"all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children" + +# This decree was given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They wrote this decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/intro.md b/est/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..978a7ae8f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Esther 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The king's divorce ##### + +The king's advisers were afraid that husbands would lose their authority when they heard the queen had refused to come to show her beauty to the king's guests; so the advisers told him to divorce her. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Esther intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/01.md b/est/02/01.md index 08897c19b3..7f5b4699e1 100644 --- a/est/02/01.md +++ b/est/02/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# After these things -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +This introduces a new event that happened a while later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# the anger of King Ahasuerus subsided -* **the decree** - This is referring to the decree in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:19]]. +"the king became less angry" + +# the decree + +This is refers to the decree in [Esther 1:19-20](../01/19.md). + +# Let a search be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Tell your servants to search" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the king's behalf + +The men speak to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. AT: "on your behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/03.md b/est/02/03.md index b19cb0e3b8..2d50fac10a 100644 --- a/est/02/03.md +++ b/est/02/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:vashti]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +The young servants continue to speak to the king. -## translationNotes +# Let the king ... the king's official ... pleases the king -* **provinces** - Use the same word or phrase used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. -* **harem** - "place where a ruler's wives are kept" (UDB) -* **palace** - Use the same word or phrase used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:05]]. -* **Susa** - Use the same word or phrase used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hegai** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **their cosmetics** - A "cosmetic" is a substance such as a cream, lotion, or powder that women usually put on their face or body to improve their appearance. +The servants spoke to the king in third person as a sign of respect. AT: "You should ... your official ... pleases you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# provinces + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# harem + +"place where a ruler's wives are kept" + +# the fortress + +This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). + +# Susa + +See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Let them be put under the care of Hegai, the king's official, who is in charge of the women + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let Hegai, the king's official, who is in charge of the women, take care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hegai + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# their cosmetics + +A "cosmetic" is a substance such as a cream, lotion, or powder that women usually put on their face or body to improve their appearance. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/05.md b/est/02/05.md index d7d4f59049..8065fe7c6b 100644 --- a/est/02/05.md +++ b/est/02/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# There was a certain Jew -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] +This introduces Mordecai as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# Susa -* **Susa** - Use the same name used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **son of Jair, son of Shimei, son of Kish** - "Jair", "Shimei", and "Kish" are the men from whom "Mordecai" is the male descendant. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Benjaminite** - "of the tribe of Benjamin" (UDB) -* **Jeconiah** - "Jeconiah" is another name for "King Jehoiachin." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Translate the name of this city as in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# son of Jair son of Shimei son of Kish + +"Jair," "Shimei," and "Kish" are men from whom "Mordecai" is the male descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Benjamite + +"of the tribe of Benjamin" + +# He had been taken away ... king of Babylonia carried away + +This background information explains how Mordecai came to live in Susa. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia carried him and other exiles away along with Jehoiachin, king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He had been taken away from Jerusalem + +The Hebrew text leaves unclear who is being spoken of here. It is perhaps Kish, who seems to have been the great-grandfather of Mordecai. If it was Mordecai himself, then he would be extremely old at the time of the events concerning Esther. Many modern versions leave this matter unclear. A few versions, including the UDB, choose to assume that it was Mordecai who had been taken away from Jerusalem. + +# Jehoiachin, king of Judah + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/07.md b/est/02/07.md index 83fe57b2e4..5029cbf2cc 100644 --- a/est/02/07.md +++ b/est/02/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] +This continues the background information about Mordecai and explains his relationship to Esther. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Hadassah -* **Hadassah** - This is "Esther's" Hebrew name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **his uncle's daughter** - "his cousin" (UDB) -* **she had neither father nor mother** - "her father and mother died" (UDB) +This is Esther's Hebrew name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# his uncle's daughter + +"his cousin" + +# she had neither father nor mother + +"her father and mother had died" + +# took her as his own daughter + +"cared for her as if she was his own daughter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/08.md b/est/02/08.md index 078fe4eca7..a9689e4a1e 100644 --- a/est/02/08.md +++ b/est/02/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# When the king's order and decree were proclaimed -* [[en:tw:Servant]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After the king commanded that they search for some beautiful women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# proclaimed -* **proclaimed** - "announced" -* **palace** - Use the same word or phrase used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:05]]. +"announced" + +# many young women were brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they brought many young women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They were put under Hegai's care + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hegai began to take care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Esther also was taken into the king's palace and put under the care of Hegai, the overseer of the women + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hegai, the overseer of the women, also began to take care of Esther when they brought her to the king's palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# palace + +See how you translated this in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md). + +# The young girl pleased him, and she found favor with him + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much she pleased him. AT: "The young girl greatly pleased him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# The young girl + +"Esther" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/10.md b/est/02/10.md index aa0bc91038..cb707a7c03 100644 --- a/est/02/10.md +++ b/est/02/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# about Esther's welfare -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] - -## translationNotes - -* **about Esther's welfare** - "how Esther was doing" or "about Esther's well-being" +"how Esther was doing" or "about Esther's well-being" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/12.md b/est/02/12.md index 9351a3126f..4e89f17cd6 100644 --- a/est/02/12.md +++ b/est/02/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Verses 12-14 are background information about the customs for the women who became the king's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# complying with the regulations for the women -* **complying with the regulations for the women,** - "acting in accordance with the requirements for the women" -* **beauty treatments** - Things done to make the girls look more beautiful and smell good. -* **cosmetics** - Use the same word or phrase used in [[en:bible:notes:est:02:03]]. -* **palace** - Use the same word used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:05]]. +"acting in accordance with the requirements for the women" + +# beauty treatments + +Things done to make the girls look more beautiful and smell good. + +# cosmetics + +Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 2:3](./03.md). + +# whatever she desired was given to her + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she could take whatever she desired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# palace + +See how you translated this in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/14.md b/est/02/14.md index bc46322807..18d6a062a5 100644 --- a/est/02/14.md +++ b/est/02/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:king]] +This continues the background information that began in [Esther 2:12](./12.md) about the customs for the women who became the king's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# in the morning -* **in the morning** - "the next morning" (UDB) The "next" is implied. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **second house** - "a different house" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **custody** - "supervision" or "protection" (UDB) -* **Shaashgaz** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +It is implied that this is the following morning. This information can be made clear. AT: "the next morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# second house + +"a different house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# custody + +"supervision" or "protection" + +# Shaashgaz + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/15.md b/est/02/15.md index 488dbabe29..2ed75700eb 100644 --- a/est/02/15.md +++ b/est/02/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now when the time came -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +This introduces a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# daughter of Abihail, the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her as his own daughter -* **Abihail** - "Abihail" was Esther's father and Mordecai's uncle. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hegai** - Use the same name used in [[en:bible:notes:est:02:03]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **tenth month** - "month number 10" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Tebeth** - "Tebeth" was the Babylonian name for the month December-January. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **seventh year** - "year number 7" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This background information reminds the reader of Esther's relationship to Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Abihail + +"Abihail" was Esther's father and Mordecai's uncle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# she did not ask for anything but what + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "she asked only for what" + +# Hegai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 2:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# received the favor of all + +This is an idiom. AT: "pleased all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the tenth month, which is the month of Tebeth + +"Tebeth" is the name of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part December and the first part January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seventh year + +"year number 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/17.md b/est/02/17.md index 68e009c9b9..ad90fe7429 100644 --- a/est/02/17.md +++ b/est/02/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The king loved -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:tax]] +This is the romantic use of the word "love." -## translationNotes +# received acceptance and favor before him -* **The king loved** - This is the romantic use of the word "love". -* **taxation** - "the collection of taxes" -* **provinces** - Use the same word or phrase used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]] +These idioms mean the same thing and emphasize how much the Esther pleased the king. AT: "greatly pleased him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# set the royal crown on her head + +The king did this to show that he was making her his queen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# "Esther's feast," + +It may be helpful to state that this is the name of the feast. AT: "he called it, 'Esther's feast,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# taxation + +"the collection of taxes" + +# provinces + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# royal generosity + +"generosity that only a king can give" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/19.md b/est/02/19.md index 0e8f1f1e66..188af4f861 100644 --- a/est/02/19.md +++ b/est/02/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# when the virgins had been gathered together a second time -* [[en:tw:Ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +It is unclear when this second gathering happened, and why. Therefore some versions have altered the text somewhat. It is probably best to translate it as it is written. -## translationNotes +# a second time -* **a second time** - "one more time" or "an additional time" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **instructed her** - "told her" -* **Bigthan and Teresh** - These were the names of two of the royal guards. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"one more time" or "an additional time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate + +Possible meanings are 1) Mordecai sat there so he could hear how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate or 2) "sitting at the king's gate" is an idiom that means Mordecai was given a position of authority by the king. + +# the king's gate + +"the gate to the king's palace" + +# as Mordecai had instructed her + +Mordecai told her not to tell anyone about her family. + +# In those days + +This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Bigthana and Teresh + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/22.md b/est/02/22.md index 1de95f10f9..f382e839fb 100644 --- a/est/02/22.md +++ b/est/02/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When the matter was revealed to Mordecai -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Mordecai learned about what they were planning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# in the name of Mordecai -* **gallows** - a structure from which a person is “hanged” by putting a rope around his neck and suspending his body without any support from below. +This is an idiom. AT: "on behalf of Mordecai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The report was investigated and confirmed, and both the men were hanged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The king investigated and confirmed the report, and ordered his servants to hang both men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a gallows + +This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. AT: "a frame for hanging people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# This account was written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They recorded this account" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/intro.md b/est/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b3a7bad50 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Esther 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Esther becomes queen ##### + +Esther was humble and took the advice of the royal officials about how to dress for her time with the king. The king chose Esther to be the new queen. + +##### Mordecai warns the king against a plot ##### + +Esther's cousin, Mordecai, discovered that two men planned to kill the king. He told Esther, who then told the king. She also gave Mordecai credit for telling her. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/01.md b/est/03/01.md index 004c6e2be2..e7d7bb2811 100644 --- a/est/03/01.md +++ b/est/03/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# After these things -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite -* **Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite** - This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **placed his seat of authority** - "promoted him" -* **prostrated themselves to Haman** - "humbled themselves and lay flat on the ground before Haman" +This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him + +Here "seat of authority" represents his position or status in the government. AT: "promoted him above the other officials" or "gave him more authority than all the other officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# knelt ... prostrated + +These acts represent submission to the authority of Haman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# prostrated themselves to Haman + +"humbled themselves and lay flat on the ground before Haman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/03.md b/est/03/03.md index 41ae8ff6bc..1da2c0d883 100644 --- a/est/03/03.md +++ b/est/03/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# to see if the matter about Mordecai would remain like that -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +"to find out what Haman would do about Mordecai's actions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/05.md b/est/03/05.md index 61c9b57839..554ba198fb 100644 --- a/est/03/05.md +++ b/est/03/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# did not kneel and bow down -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] +Mordecai showed disrespect for Haman's status in the government by not doing these actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# Haman was filled with rage -* **He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai** - "He rejected the idea of killing just Mordecai" -* **exterminate all the Jews** - "get rid of all the Jews" or "eliminate all the Jews" +Here Haman's rage is spoken of as something that could fill him up. AT: "Haman became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai + +"He rejected the idea of killing just Mordecai." This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "He decided to kill more than just Mordecai" + +# exterminate all the Jews + +"get rid of all the Jews" or "kill all the Jews" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/07.md b/est/03/07.md index 672da2b7fb..36e7f63cf3 100644 --- a/est/03/07.md +++ b/est/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# In the first month -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] +"In month one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# which is the month of Nisan -* **In the first month** - "In month number 1" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Nisan** - The name of the first month in the calendar. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in the twelfth year** - "in year number 12" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **threw Pur** - "cast lots" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the twelfth month** - "month number 12" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Adar** - The name for the twelfth month. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Nisan" is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus + +"in year number 12 of King Ahasuerus" or "when King Ahasuerus had reigned for about twelve years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown + +"they cast the Pur—that is the lot—" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the twelfth month + +"month twelve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the month of Adar + +"Adar" is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of February and the first part of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/08.md b/est/03/08.md index 00621c2f10..5219ec4d5f 100644 --- a/est/03/08.md +++ b/est/03/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# a certain people -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"a group of people" This refers to the Jews as an ethnic group. -## translationNotes +# scattered and distributed -* **a certain people** - "a group of people" -* **provinces** - Use the same word or phrase as used in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]] -* **ten thousand talents of silver** - "10,000 talents of silver" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +"who live in many different places" + +# provinces + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# the king's ... the king + +Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. AT: "your ... you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# it is not suitable for the king to let them stay + +"the king should not let them remain." This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "the king should remove them" + +# I will weigh out ... into the hands of those + +Here "hands" stands for the men. To "weigh out" is an idiom that means to pay them. AT: "I will pay ... to the men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# ten thousand talents of silver + +"330 metric tons of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/10.md b/est/03/10.md index 624eea2b50..0d2e2f2371 100644 --- a/est/03/10.md +++ b/est/03/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# signet ring -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jew|Jew, Jewish]] +a special ring that could be used to imprint the king's official seal on a proclamation -## translationNotes +# I will see that the money is given back to you -* **signet ring** - a special ring that could be used to imprint the King's official seal on a proclamation. +The meaning of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) "I will return the money to you" or 2) "Take the money and give it to the men just as you have said." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/12.md b/est/03/12.md index 37d28657c0..98533f8ede 100644 --- a/est/03/12.md +++ b/est/03/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# the king's scribes were summoned ... a decree containing all that Haman had commanded was written -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the king summoned his scribes ... they wrote a decree containing all that Haman had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# thirteenth day of the first month -* **thirteenth day of the first month** - "day number 13 of the month number 1" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **king's provincial governors** - "governors of the provinces" Use the same word or phrase for province as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. -* **thirteenth day of the twelfth month** - "day number 13 of the month number 12" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Adar** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# king's provincial governors + +"governors of the provinces." Translate "province" as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They wrote the decree in the name of King Ahasuerus and Haman sealed it with the king's signet ring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the name of + +Here "name" represents the authority of the king. AT: "in the authority of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hand-delivered + +This idiom means they personally delivered the letters. AT: "personally delivered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# annihilate, kill, and destroy + +These words mean the same thing and emphasize the completeness of the destruction. AT: "completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# thirteenth day of the twelfth month + +"day thirteen of month twelve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# which is the month of Adar + +"Adar" is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# plunder + +"take away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/14.md b/est/03/14.md index d0f9c56e84..10c3d18b2b 100644 --- a/est/03/14.md +++ b/est/03/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# A copy of the letter was made law in every province -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:law]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The officials in every province made a copy of the letter become the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# province -* **province** - Use the same word or phrase as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]] -* **Susa** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **was in turmoil** - "was in a state of great confusion" +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# In every province it was made known to all the people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They told all the people in every province" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this day + +"that day" + +# The decree was also distributed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They also distributed the decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fortress + +This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). + +# Susa + +See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# was in turmoil + +"was in a state of great confusion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/intro.md b/est/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a8d08a59fd --- /dev/null +++ b/est/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Esther 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Haman plots against the Jews ##### + +Mordecai considered prostrating himself before Haman. This would be considered to be worship. It was wrong to worship someone other than Yahweh. Because of this, he refused to do it on religious grounds. This made Haman angry so he decided to kill all the Jews in the Persian Empire. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/01.md b/est/04/01.md index 4cfe072ed8..047bd70b7e 100644 --- a/est/04/01.md +++ b/est/04/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# learned of all that had been done -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] +"found out about those letters" -## translationNotes +# tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes -* **province** - Use the same word or phrase as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. +These acts are signs of severe sadness. AT: "tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes to show his grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# province + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# there was great mourning among the Jews + +"the Jews mourned greatly" + +# Many of them lay in sackcloth and ashes + +"Many of them were on the ground, dressed in sackcloth and sitting in ashes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/04.md b/est/04/04.md index 1d0c841143..5b64dff1b5 100644 --- a/est/04/04.md +++ b/est/04/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# young women and her servants -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"female servants and male servants" -## translationNotes +# to clothe Mordecai -* **anguish** - "great suffering" -* **Hathach** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"for Mordecai to wear" + +# Hathak + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# one of the king's officials who had been assigned to serve her + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "one of the officials whom the king had assigned to serve her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/06.md b/est/04/06.md index d560b07717..f92d2280b8 100644 --- a/est/04/06.md +++ b/est/04/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Hathak -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 4:5](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the city square -* **Hathach** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the city square** - "the plaza" -* **Haman** - Use the same name as used in [[en:bible:notes:est:03:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"the city plaza" + +# Haman + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He also gave him + +"Mordecai also gave Hathak" + +# to beg for his favor + +"to beg for the king's favor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/09.md b/est/04/09.md index a132cfae37..f3d2ff0c15 100644 --- a/est/04/09.md +++ b/est/04/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# if any man or woman goes to the king ... the king holds out the golden scepter -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This conditional clause can be expressed as a statement. It may also be helpful to divide it into two sentences. AT: "no man or woman is allowed to go to the king inside the inner courtyard unless the king summons them. The person who breaks this law will be executed unless the king holds out his golden scepter to him" -## translationNotes +# thirty days -* **thirty days** - "30 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/13.md b/est/04/13.md index 8a906f6caf..4369fa6027 100644 --- a/est/04/13.md +++ b/est/04/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another place -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +Here "relief" and "rescue" are spoken of as if they are living things that can rise up. AT: "someone else will rise up from another place and rescue the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this? -* **Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?** - The purpose of this question is to have Esther think deeply about her role in this situation. AT: "Who knows, perhaps it was for just for a time like this that you were made queen." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The purpose of this question is to have Esther think deeply about her role in this situation. AT: "Who knows, perhaps it was for just for a time like this that you were made queen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/15.md b/est/04/15.md index 8393881d3c..8599a68f3b 100644 --- a/est/04/15.md +++ b/est/04/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Susa -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# fast for me ... will fast -* **Susa** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **three days** - "3 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Fasting was a symbolic act that the Jews did when they were praying intensely. This can be made explicit. AT: "fast and pray for me ... will fast and pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# three days + +"3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/intro.md b/est/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..78c98e6ff2 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Esther 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mordecai warns Esther to act ##### + +Mordecai tells Esther she must beg the king for the Jews' lives, even if she risks her own death. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit information ##### + +There is implicit information translators may not understand. "Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?" This means "maybe God made you the queen so you could save the Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/01.md b/est/05/01.md index dffc6798a7..e9dae94376 100644 --- a/est/05/01.md +++ b/est/05/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# facing the entrance to the house -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"across the room from the entrance of the house" or "looking toward the entrance to the house" -## translationNotes +# she received approval in his eyes -* **three days** - "3 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The word "eyes" refers to his sight and is a metaphor for his evaluation of her. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he was pleased with her" or "he approved of her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He held out to her the golden scepter in his hand + +He did this to show that he he was pleased with her. + +# touched the tip of the scepter + +She probably did this to to show that she respected his authority and was thankful for his kindness to her. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/03.md b/est/05/03.md index a86b78503d..b65505108a 100644 --- a/est/05/03.md +++ b/est/05/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# If it pleases the king, let the king and Haman come ... for him -* **Haman** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:03:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **for him** - "for the king" +In order to show respect to a king, people sometimes did not call him "you." This can be translated with the word "you" along with other words that show respect. AT: "O King, if it pleases you, come and bring Haman ... for you" or "If you are willing to do this, Sir, come, and let Haman come with you .. for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Haman + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/05.md b/est/05/05.md index bc482a18fe..992ddaf37b 100644 --- a/est/05/05.md +++ b/est/05/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What is your petition -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +The abstract noun "petition" can be expressed with the verb "ask for" or "want"? AT: "What do you ask for?" or "What do you want?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# It will be granted you -* **petition** - "request of the king" -* **it will be granted** - "your request will be granted" +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "I will give you what you ask for" or "I will do for you what you ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What is your request + +The abstract noun "request" can be expressed with the verb "ask for" or "want"? AT: "What do you ask for?" or "What do you want?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Up to half of the kingdom, it will be granted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/07.md b/est/05/07.md index 66143aed16..07ac3555c7 100644 --- a/est/05/07.md +++ b/est/05/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My petition and my request -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] +The words "petition" and "request" mean the same thing. She probably used these words together as a way of speaking very formally and respectfully to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# if I have found favor in the eyes of the king and if it pleases the king -* There are no notes for this chunk +In order to show respect to a king, people sometimes did not call him "you." This can be translated with the word "you" along with other words that show respect. AT: "if you are pleased with me, O King, and if it pleases you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# if I have found favor in the eyes of the king + +"Find favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. "In the eyes of the king" is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if the king evaluates me and approves" or "if the king is pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let the king and Haman come + +This can be translated with the word "you" along with other words that show respect. AT: "please come and bring Haman" or "please come and let Haman come with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will answer the king's question + +This can be translated with the word "you" along with other words that show respect. AT: "I will answer your question" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/09.md b/est/05/09.md index d4fabc52fc..2915f90cf5 100644 --- a/est/05/09.md +++ b/est/05/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Mordecai neither rose up -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Rising was a sign of respect. Mordecai did not give Haman special respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# he was filled with rage -* **rage** - "great anger" -* **Zeresh** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Being "filled with rage" represents being very angry. AT: he was extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nevertheless + +This can be translated with a phrase. "Even though he was so angry" + +# Haman restrained himself + +Restraining himself represents refusing to do something that he wanted very much to do. Haman wanted to show Mordecai that he was very angry. AT: "Haman refused to show how angry he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Zeresh + +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Haman recounted to them the splendor of his riches + +"Splendor" and "riches" are both abstract nouns. AT: "Haman told them about how great his wealth was" or "Haman told them about the many great things he owned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all the promotions by which the king honored him + +The abstract noun "promotion" can be expressed with the verb "promote." It means that the king gave him more important work. AT: "How the king had promoted him many times and honored him" or "how the king had honored him many times by giving him more important work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# how he had advanced above all the officials and the servants of the king + +Advancing above people represents becoming more important than them. AT: "how he had become more important than all the officials and the servants of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/12.md b/est/05/12.md index 0e03c1d06b..4c53b2ec66 100644 --- a/est/05/12.md +++ b/est/05/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# no one else but me -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +This can be expressed positively. AT: "only me" -## translationNotes +# is worth nothing to me -* **is worth nothing to me** - "does not make me happy" or "does not satisfy me" +"does not make me happy" or "does not satisfy me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/14.md b/est/05/14.md index 8b3c1f4dc3..446e7938d6 100644 --- a/est/05/14.md +++ b/est/05/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a gallows +a structure used for killing a person by tying one end of a a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around the person's neck and hanging him from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# fifty cubits high -* **gallows** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:02:22]]. -* **fifty cubits** - "50 cubits" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[en/obe/other/biblicaldistance]]) +"50 cubits high." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "twenty-three meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# he had the gallows constructed + +"he told people to construct the gallows" + +# This pleased Haman + +"Haman liked this idea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/intro.md b/est/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5673dd5888 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Esther 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section about Haman's fall (Chapters 5-7). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Esther's respect ##### +Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/01.md b/est/06/01.md index 64e169e9f9..b7627ad591 100644 --- a/est/06/01.md +++ b/est/06/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Bigthana and Teresh -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +These are the names of two men. See how your translated their names in [Esther 2:21](../02/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# It was found recorded there -* **Bigthana and Teresh** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:02:19]] -* **two of the king's officials** - "2 of the king's officials" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **"Nothing was done for him."** - "The king did not do anything for Mordecai." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "found" is an metaphor for learning. Both "found" and "recorded" can be expressed in active form. AT: "They found that the writers had recorded there" or "They learned that the writers had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What was done to give honor + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "What did I do to give honor" or "What did we do to give honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Nothing was done for him + +This can be expressed in active form. However it may be good to find a way that does not give the impression that servants were accusing the king. AT: "No one did anything for Mordecai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/04.md b/est/06/04.md index bdd42eeaba..43cd95fd08 100644 --- a/est/06/04.md +++ b/est/06/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Haman +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md) -## translationNotes +# the outer courtyard -* **Haman** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:03:01]] -* **outer courtyard** - "first courtyard from the outside" -* **hanging Mordecai** - "putting Mordecai to death by hanging" -* **gallows** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:02:22]]. -* **set up** - "built" -* **said in his heart** - AT: "thought to himself" or "said to himself" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **"Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?"** - "Surely there is no one whom the king would take greater pleasure in honoring more than me!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"the first courtyard from the outside" + +# hanging Mordecai + +It can be made clear what the purpose of hanging him was. AT: "killing Mordecai by hanging him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the gallows he set up for him + +The gallows was a structure that was used to kill people by hanging them from it. See how you translated "gallows" in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). AT: "the structure Haman set up for hanging Mordecai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# set up + +"built" + +# What should be done for the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring + +Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person and in active form. AT: "What should I do for the man whom I take pleasure in honoring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the king takes pleasure in honoring + +Taking pleasure in doing something is an idiom for being glad to do something or wanting to do something. AT: "the king is glad to honor" or "the king wants to honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# said in his heart + +The heart represents the thoughts and attitudes. AT: "thought" or "said to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me? + +This can be expressed as a statement. "Surely there is no one whom the king would take pleasure in honoring more than me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/07.md b/est/06/07.md index 9ffd5f31c7..6fc6f54773 100644 --- a/est/06/07.md +++ b/est/06/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# let royal robes be brought -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let someone bring royal robes" or "tell your servants to bring royal robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# on whose head is the royal crest -* **let royal robes be brought** - "let the servants bring royal robes" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ridden** - This is the past tense of "ride". -* **royal crest** - a special symbol that represents the king's family. -* **Then let the robes and the horse be handed over** - "Hand over the robes and the horse" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Let them proclaim** - "Let the servants and noble officials proclaim" +The word "whose" refers to the horse. The royal crest is a special symbol that represents the king's family. + +# Then let the robes and the horse be given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then let them give the robes and the horse" or "Then tell them to give the robes and the horse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let them dress ... in honoring, and let them lead him + +"Tell them to dress ... in honoring and to lead him" + +# Let them proclaim + +"Tell the noble official and servants to proclaim" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/10.md b/est/06/10.md index ecef0ec329..4804f146a3 100644 --- a/est/06/10.md +++ b/est/06/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not fail in a single matter of what you have said -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +The phrase "a single matter" emphasizes that he must do absolutely everything he said. It can be stated positively. AT: "Be sure to do absolutely everything you have said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/12.md b/est/06/12.md index e03ee58848..fdab4cfce8 100644 --- a/est/06/12.md +++ b/est/06/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# with his head covered -* [[en:tw:mourn]] +People often covered their head to show that they were either extremely sad or ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# Zeresh -* **Zeresh** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +See how you translated this woman's name in [Esther 6:13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# before whom you have begun to fall ... you will certainly fall before him + +They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle, and Haman was beginning to lose the battle. Here "to fall" represents being dishonored and defeated. AT: "who has already humiliated you ... he will certainly defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will not overcome him + +"you will not win against him." They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle. Here overcoming a person represents having greater honor than that person. AT: "you will not have greater honor than he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/intro.md b/est/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1a899e118a --- /dev/null +++ b/est/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Esther 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the story of Haman's fall. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Approaching the king ##### +It was not possible for a person to easily approach the king. Normally, access to him was very limited. There are several events in this chapter which show the layers of protection surrounding the king. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/01.md b/est/07/01.md index c70a113c4c..1abcdb6e08 100644 --- a/est/07/01.md +++ b/est/07/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Haman -* [[en:tw:feast]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# On this second day -* **Haman** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:03:01]]. -* **On this second day** - "At this 2nd feast" or "At this additional feast" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **petition** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:05:05]]. -* **It will be granted** - "I will grant it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"on this second day of feasting" + +# while they were serving wine + +"while the servants were pouring the wine and giving it to them" + +# What is your petition + +The abstract noun "petition" can be expressed with the verb "ask for" or "want." AT: "What do you ask for" or "What do you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It will be granted to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give you what you ask for" or "I will do for you what you ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Up to half of the kingdom, and it will be granted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/03.md b/est/07/03.md index a93315beb9..616b298c5e 100644 --- a/est/07/03.md +++ b/est/07/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# If I have found favor in your eyes, king -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"Find favor" is an idiom that means to be approved of or that he is pleased with her. "In your eyes" is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "If you evaluate me and approve" or "If you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# let my life be given to me -* **in your eyes** - "from you" -* **be given to me** - "be saved" -* **For we have been sold** - "For a decree sold us" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **destroyed, killed, and annihilated** - Here all three words have the same meaning and are used for emphasis. +The metaphor "giving life" represents rescuing a person from being killed. This statement can be expressed in active form. AT: "save my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is my petition + +The abstract noun "petition" can be expressed with the verb "ask for." AT: "this is what I ask for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For we have been sold + +The metaphor "being sold" represents being betrayed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For someone has betrayed us" or "For someone has put us in danger of our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated + +Here all three words have the same meaning and are used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for our enemies to destroy, kill, and annihilate us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thing + +To fill one's heart to do something is an idiom meaning to dare to do something. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Where is the one who has dared to so such a thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/06.md b/est/07/06.md index 3aade7021c..848aa9e2a1 100644 --- a/est/07/06.md +++ b/est/07/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# terrified -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] +"extremely afraid" -## translationNotes +# The king got up in a rage -* **terrified** - "extremely afraid" -* **rage** - "great anger" +Being in a rage is an idiom for being extremely angry. AT: "The king was extremely angry and got up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to beg for his life from Queen Esther + +"to beg Queen Esther to save his life" + +# He saw that disaster was being decided + +Here seeing represents realizing or understanding. AT: "He realized that disaster was being decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# disaster was being decided against him by the king + +This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun "disaster" can be expressed with the more concrete verbs "destroy" or "kill." AT: "the king was deciding to cause a disaster against him" or "the king was deciding to destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/08.md b/est/07/08.md index 0532c09aef..d329722a80 100644 --- a/est/07/08.md +++ b/est/07/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# where the wine had been served +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where servants had served the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# couch -* **the wine had been served** - "Servants had served the wine" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **couch** - a long piece of furniture where a person can sit or lie down. -* **assault the queen** - This phrase is a polite way of asking if he will seize and sleep with her. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **"Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house?"** - AT: "You are trying to assault the queen while she is here with me in my own palace!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the servants covered Haman’s face.** - some officials covered Haman's head, as they did to people who were about to be hanged. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +a long piece of furniture where a person can sit or lie down + +# Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house? + +The king uses this question to show his shock and anger at what Haman was doing. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He even dares to attack the queen in my presence and in my own house!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# assault the queen + +"attack the queen." This phrase is a polite way to refer to rape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# As soon as this sentence came out of the king's mouth + +Speech coming out of the mouth is a metonym that represents speaking. AT: "As soon as the king said this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the servants covered Haman's face + +Apparently they did this because they understood that the king wanted Haman to be killed. AT: "the servants covered Haman's face as a sign that he would be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/09.md b/est/07/09.md index 52bfe2ebb4..85580e8e2d 100644 --- a/est/07/09.md +++ b/est/07/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Harbona -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# A gallows fifty cubits tall -* **Harbona** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **gallows** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:02:22]]. -* **fifty cubits** - "50 cubits" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:En:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +You may convert "fifty cubits" to a modern measure. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). AT: "A gallows twenty-three meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# Then the king's rage died down + +The king's rage is a spoken of as if it were a large fire that became smaller. AT: "Then the king's rage lessened" or "Then the king was not so angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/intro.md b/est/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..91f1551bb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Esther 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Haman's fall concludes in this chapter. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Covering Haman's face ##### + +When "the servants covered Haman's face," they were showing that he had been condemned to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/01.md b/est/08/01.md index 634c0a6b9a..105eee40be 100644 --- a/est/08/01.md +++ b/est/08/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Haman -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). -## translationNotes +# signet ring -* **Haman** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:03:01]]. -* **signet ring** - a special ring that could be used to imprint the King's official seal on a proclamation. +This ring had the king's name or mark on it. When he put a wax seal on important papers, he would press the mark onto the seal. If a paper had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written on the paper was written with the king's authority and had to be obeyed. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:10](../03/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# gave it to Mordecai + +By giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey. + +# Haman's estate + +This refers to the things that had belonged to Haman and that the king had given to Esther. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/03.md b/est/08/03.md index d006944b00..8e8b6d8581 100644 --- a/est/08/03.md +++ b/est/08/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# pleaded -* [[en:tw:scepter]] +"begged" -## translationNotes +# to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite -* **pleaded** - "begged" -* **Agagite** - Translate as in [[:en:bible:notes:est:03:01]] -* **scheme that he had devised** - "plot he had invented" or "plot Haman invented" +"Put an end to" is an idiom meaning to stop something. AT: "to stop the evil plan of Haman the Agagite" or "to prevent the evil things from happening that Haman the Agagite had planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Agagite + +See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md) + +# scheme that he had devised + +"the plot that he had invented" or "the plot that Haman invented" + +# the king held out the golden scepter to Esther + +He did this to show that he was pleased with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:2](../05/01.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/05.md b/est/08/05.md index 9727e00304..a5c074b842 100644 --- a/est/08/05.md +++ b/est/08/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# If it pleases the king -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"If what I ask for pleases the king" -## translationNotes +# if I have found favor in your eyes -* **revoke** - "officially cancel" -* **Hammedatha** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **provinces** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. -* **For how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people? How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives?** - AT: "I cannot bear to see disaster fall on the Jews. I can not endure watching my relatives be killed." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if you have evaluated me and approve" or "if you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if the thing seems right before the king + +"Before the king" is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if what I ask for seems right in the king's evaluation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am pleasing in your eyes + +Here "your eyes" is a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if you evaluate me and I please you" or "if you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# revoke + +"officially cancel" + +# Hammedatha + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# provinces + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# For how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people? How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives? + +Esther used these questions to show that that she would be extremely sad if her people were to be destroyed. AT: "I cannot bear to see disaster fall on the Jews. I cannot endure watching my relatives be killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/07.md b/est/08/07.md index dd4bd7ac55..59e205b845 100644 --- a/est/08/07.md +++ b/est/08/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Haman -* [[en:tw:decree]] +This represents all that Haman had owned. AT: "all that had belonged to Haman" or "all of Haman's property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# gallows -* **gallows** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:02:22]] -* **Write another decree** - Mordecai and Esther writing the letter is implied. AT: "You write another decree" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **cannot be revoked.** - "no one can revoke it" or "no one can officially cancel it." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +See how you translated this in [Esther 6:4](../06/04.md) + +# Write ... in the name of the king + +Writing something in the king's name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For the decree ... ring cannot be revoked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For no one can revoke the decree ... ring" or "For no one can cancel the decree ... ring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For the decree ... ring cannot be revoked + +The information given between the words "decree" and "cannot" is the reason that the king cannot revoke Haman's decree. It can be shown clearly that it was the reason with the word "because." AT: "For I cannot revoke the decree that has already been written, because it was written in the king's name and sealed with the king's ring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# decree that has already been written in the king's name + +Writing something in the king's name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/09.md b/est/08/09.md index b5afb5ca0c..2768fafd12 100644 --- a/est/08/09.md +++ b/est/08/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# called -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"summoned" -## translationNotes +# the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day of the month -* **called** - "summoned" -* **third month** - "month number 3" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Sivan** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **twenty-third day** - third day** - "day number 23" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **provinces** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. -* **127** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"Sivan" is the name of the third month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-third day is near the middle of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# A decree was written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They wrote a decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 127 provinces + +"one hundred and twenty-seven provinces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# provinces + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# written in their own writing + +"written in their own script." There are different writing systems around the world. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/10.md b/est/08/10.md index 247724f343..45f4ec3f63 100644 --- a/est/08/10.md +++ b/est/08/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] +Writing something in the king's name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# signet ring -* **signet ring** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:03:01]] -* **couriers** - "people to carry the message" -* **bred from the royal stud** - a retired racehorse that is kept for the reproduction of young racehorses. -* **permission** - "right" -* **make a stand** - This is a metaphor for fighting back and not running away. AT: "fight back" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **thirteenth day of the twelfth month** - "day 13 of month 12" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Adar** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Esther 8:2](./01.md) + +# couriers + +"people to carry the message" + +# bred from the royal stud + +The royal stud was the king's best male horse. The horses that were used in the king's service were its offspring. AT: "the offspring of the king's best horse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# permission + +"right" + +# make a stand + +This is a metaphor for fighting back and not running away. AT: "fight back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar + +See how you translated this in [Esther 3:13](../03/12.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/13.md b/est/08/13.md index ab4008c4b5..016b6ab58e 100644 --- a/est/08/13.md +++ b/est/08/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to take vengeance on their enemies -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"To take vengeance on people" is an idiom meaning to hurt people who have hurt you. AT: "to fight back against their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# They went without delay -* **vengeance** - The act of hurting someone who hurt you. -* **Susa** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Without delay" is an idiom meaning that they did not delay or wait. AT: "They went immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Susa + +This is the city where the king's palace was. See how you translated it in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/15.md b/est/08/15.md index 6c5dfe6b00..0e77fc4081 100644 --- a/est/08/15.md +++ b/est/08/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +The "city" represents the people living in it. AT: "the people of the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# shouted and rejoiced -* **light** - "happiness" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **province** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. -* **holiday** - "celebration" +The word "rejoiced" tells how they shouted. AT: "shouted joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# had light and gladness + +Possible meanings are that 1) having light is a metaphor for being happy. AT: "were happy and glad" or 2) having light is metaphor for feeling prosperous and safe. AT: "felt safe and were glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# honor + +Possible meanings are that 1) other people honored the Jews. AT: "other people honored them" or 2) the Jews felt honored. AT: "they felt honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# province + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# wherever the king's decree reached + +Reaching places represents going to places. AT: "wherever the king's men took his decree" or "wherever the king's decree was read" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# holiday + +"celebration" + +# the fear of the Jews had fallen on them + +Fear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. AT: "they had become very afraid of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/intro.md b/est/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f0caa4e13 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Esther 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's protection ##### +Yahweh is at work in this chapter preventing the Jews from possible destruction. God used Esther and Mordecai to protect their people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/01.md b/est/09/01.md index d7f0170a98..28329b3dcf 100644 --- a/est/09/01.md +++ b/est/09/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/12.md). -## translationNotes +# when the king's law and decree were about to be carried out -* **twelfth month** - "after 11 months" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Adar** - Adar is the name given to month 12. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **thirteenth day** - "after 12 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **about to be carried out** - "executed" -* **provinces** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. -* **to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them** - "to fight their enemies" +"Carry out" is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the people were about to obey the king's law and decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to gain power over them + +Gaining power over people is an idiom for defeating them. AT: "to defeat the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it was reversed + +"the situation was reversed." The situation being reversed is a metaphor meaning that the opposite of what was expected happened. AT: "the opposite happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# provinces + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them + +Laying hands on people is a metonym for fighting against them. AT: "to fight their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who tried to bring disaster on them + +To bring disaster on people is an idiom meaning to cause a disaster to happen to them. In this case it refers to destroying them. AT: "who tried to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# No one could stand against them + +Standing against people represents resisting their attack. AT: "No one could resist the attack of the Jews" or "No one could successfully fight against the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fear of them had fallen on all the peoples + +Fear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. AT: "all the peoples had become very afraid of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/03.md b/est/09/03.md index 16fec5e76a..a08cebe62d 100644 --- a/est/09/03.md +++ b/est/09/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# provincial governors -* [[en:tw:administration]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] +"governors of the provinces" -## translationNotes +# the fear of Mordecai had fallen on them -* **provinces** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. -* **provincial governors** - "governors of the provinces" -* **fame** - "greatness" or "recognition" +Fear falling on people represents people becoming afraid. AT: "they had become afraid of Mordecai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# was great in the king's house + +"was very important in the king's palace" + +# his fame spread throughout all the provinces + +Fame spreading through places represents people in those places learning about how great he was. AT: "throughout the provinces people learned about how great he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/06.md b/est/09/06.md index 96e2fa5cc1..e84312ba70 100644 --- a/est/09/06.md +++ b/est/09/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the fortress -* [[en:tw:jew]] +This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). -## translationNotes +# Susa -* **Susa** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **fortress** - "stronghold" or "castle" -* **five hundred men** - "500 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha, Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha, Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, Vaizatha** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **ten sons** - "10 sons" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Haman** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hammedatha** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This was a royal city of Persian kings. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# five hundred men + +"500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha, Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha, Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, Vaizatha + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# ten sons + +"10 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Haman + +This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hammedatha + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the enemy of the Jews + +This phrase tells us about Haman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/11.md b/est/09/11.md index 7216d79e1f..e0928613d7 100644 --- a/est/09/11.md +++ b/est/09/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# five hundred men +"500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# ten sons -* **fortified city** - "stronghold" or "castle" -* **five hundred men** - "500 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **ten sons** - "10 sons" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **What then have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces?** - AT: "What they must have done in the rest of the king's provinces!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] -* **petition** - "request" +"10 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces? + +The king uses this question to show that he believes that the Jews must have also killed many people in the other provinces. AT: "What they must have done in the rest of the king's provinces!" or "They must have killed many more in the rest of the king's provinces!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what is your petition? + +The abstract noun "petition" can be expressed with the verb "ask for" or "want." AT: "what do you ask for?" or "what do you want?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It will be granted you + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "I will give you what you ask for" or "I will do for you what you ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What is your request? + +The abstract noun "request" can be expressed with the verb "ask for" or "want." AT: "What do you ask for?" or "What do you want?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/13.md b/est/09/13.md index e4a336bef2..634610cbef 100644 --- a/est/09/13.md +++ b/est/09/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to carry out this day's decree tomorrow also -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +"Carry out" is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. AT: "to obey today's decree tomorrow also" or "to do tomorrow also what was decreed that they should do today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# ten sons -* **ten sons** - "10 sons" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **gallows** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:02:22]]. +"10 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# gallows + +This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/22.md). AT: "a frame for hanging people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/15.md b/est/09/15.md index 99b2d5d2fa..b42763b2c8 100644 --- a/est/09/15.md +++ b/est/09/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the fourteenth day of the month of Adar +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/12.md). -## translationNotes +# laid no hands on the plunder -* **fourteenth day** - "day number 14" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **month Adar** - "twelfth month" See [[en:bible:notes:est:03:07]]. -* **three hundred** - "300" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **provinces** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. -* **seventy five thousand** - "75,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Laying their hands on things represents taking them. AT: "took none of the plunder" or "did not take any of the plunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seventy-five thousand + +"75,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# they did not lay their hands on the valuables of those they killed + +Laying their hands on things represents taking them. AT: "they did not take any of the valuables of the people they killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# valuables + +"valuable things" or "possessions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/17.md b/est/09/17.md index 5c471e5bea..3ebb0c73b6 100644 --- a/est/09/17.md +++ b/est/09/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the thirteenth day of the month of Adar -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/12.md). -## translationNotes +# On the fourteenth day they rested -* **thirteenth day** - "day 13" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **fourteenth day** - "day 14" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Susa** - Translate as in [[en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **fifteenth day** - "day 15" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **gladness** - "cheer" +"On the fourteenth day of Adar the Jews who were in the provinces rested" + +# the Jews who were in Susa assembled together + +Why they assembled together can be stated clearly. AT: "the Jews who were in Susa assembled together to fight against their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/20.md b/est/09/20.md index e65fdd8b42..f1b3d6e79a 100644 --- a/est/09/20.md +++ b/est/09/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every year -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] +To keep a day is an idiom that means to celebrate it. AT: "to celebrate the fourteenth and fifteenth days of Adar every year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# their sorrow turned to joy -* **fourteenth and the fifteenth day** - "day 14 and 15" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **holiday** - "celebration" or "feast" +Turning represents changing. The abstract nouns sorrow and joy can be expressed with "sad" and "joyful." AT: "they changed from being very sad to being joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/23.md b/est/09/23.md index d806c78273..d689f69a51 100644 --- a/est/09/23.md +++ b/est/09/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] +This passage summarizes much of the story of Esther in order to explain the reason for the festival of Purim. -## translationNotes +# Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite -* This passage summarizes much of the story of Esther in order to explain the reason for the festival of Purim. -* **Haman** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hammedatha** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Agagite** - This is the people group of Haman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Pur** - "Purim" or "lots" -* **and he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots), to crush and destroy them** - "and he threw Pur (that is, he cast lots to find out what would be the most lucky day in the year for him to do it on" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) + +"Pur" was the Persian word for "lot." The phrase "he threw lots" explains what "he threw Pur" means. + +# he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) + +Why he threw Pur, or lots, can be stated clearly. AT: "he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) to find out what would be the best day to attack the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But when the matter came before the king + +The Hebrew text can also be interpreted to mean, "But when Esther came before the king." Some modern versions choose this interpretation. + +# the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should come back on his own head + +"Come back on his own head" means that it should be done to Haman. AT: "the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should be done to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/26.md b/est/09/26.md index 35707dd278..1e010b244c 100644 --- a/est/09/26.md +++ b/est/09/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they called these days Purim, after the name of Pur -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] +To call something after something else is an idiom that means to give it the same name or a similar name. AT: "They called these days Purim, like the word Pur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Purim -* **Purim** - a festival that commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Haman’s plot to destroy and kill all the Jews in a single day. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **two** - "2" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **These days were to be celebrated and observed** - "the Jews were to celebrate and observe these days." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **would never cease to faithfully observe** - "always faithfully observe" +This is the name of the festival that commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Haman's plot to destroy and kill all the Jews in a single day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the name of Pur + +It can be stated clearly what "Pur" means. AT: "the word Pur, which means 'lot'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# These days were to be celebrated and observed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Jews were to celebrate and observe these days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# would never cease to faithfully observe + +This can be stated positively. AT: "would always faithfully observe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/29.md b/est/09/29.md index 21552b465f..b0616834a2 100644 --- a/est/09/29.md +++ b/est/09/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote ... this second letter -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:esther]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] +Esther was the daughter of Abihail. Esther and Mordecai wrote the letter. -## translationNotes +# Abihail -* **Abihail** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **second letter** - "additional letter" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"Abihail" was Esther's father and Mordecai's uncle. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:15](../02/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# second letter + +"additional letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/30.md b/est/09/30.md index 046beec6c7..bafeff67ba 100644 --- a/est/09/30.md +++ b/est/09/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Letters were sent to all the Jews -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They sent letters to all the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 127 provinces -* **127** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **provinces** - Use the same word or phrase as used in [[:en:bible:notes:est:01:01]]. -* **obligated** - "committed" or "pledged" -* **regulations** - "arrangements" or "governance" +"one hundred and twenty-seven provinces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# wishing the Jews safety and truth + +The abstract nouns "safety" and "truth" can be expressed with phrases. AT: "wishing that the Jews would be safe and that people would be faithful to the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The Jews accepted this obligation for themselves and their descendants + +Accepting an obligation is a metaphor for agreeing with the obligation. The abstract noun "obligation" can be expressed with the verb "obligate." AT: "The Jews agreed and said that they and their descendants were obligated to celebrate the days of Purim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they accepted times of fasting and lamenting + +Accepting times of fasting and lamenting is a metaphor for agreeing to fast and lament at certain times. AT: "they agreed to fast and lament at certain times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/intro.md b/est/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21dba21de4 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Esther 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Purim ##### +The events of this chapter were so significant, the Jews celebrated these events every year after this. It is known as "Purim." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Ironic Situation ##### +The day that was supposed to bring great victory to the enemies of the Jews became a day of great victory for the Jews. This is a type of irony. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/10/01.md b/est/10/01.md index 84e1beb6a9..a5db482e3d 100644 --- a/est/10/01.md +++ b/est/10/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# imposed a tax on the land and on the coastlands along the sea -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] -* [[en:tw:chronicles]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:tax]] +To impose a tax means to make people pay a tax. The land and coastlands represent the people living there. AT: "made the people living in the land and on the coastlands along the sea pay a tax" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# All the achievements of his power and might -* **imposed** - "levied" or "charged" -* **achievements** - "accomplishments" or "deeds" +The abstract noun "achievements" can be expressed with the verb "achieve" or the phrase "do great things. The abstract nouns "power" and "might" can be translated with adjectives. AT: "All that he achieved because of how powerful and mighty he was" or "All the great things that he did because of his power and might" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had raised him + +The king honoring Mordecai is spoken of as if the king physically raised him up. AT: "the full account of how the King had made it known that Mordecai was great" or "the full account of how the king had honored Mordecai for the great things he had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/10/03.md b/est/10/03.md index 18b858b818..08abed7f31 100644 --- a/est/10/03.md +++ b/est/10/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# second in rank to King Ahasuerus -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +"the most important person after King Ahasuerus" -## translationNotes +# Jewish brothers -* **second** - "number 2" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **sought** - "wanted" or "needed" -* **welfare** - "well-being" or "progress" +The word brothers represents people who were like him. AT: "fellow Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he sought the welfare of his people + +Seeking something is a metaphor for working hard for something. The abstract noun "welfare" can be translated as a phrase with the verb "prosper" or the adjective "secure." AT: "He worked hard so his people would prosper" or "He worked hard so his people would be secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he spoke for the peace of all his people + +"he represented his people so that they might have peace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/10/intro.md b/est/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e7d14024d --- /dev/null +++ b/est/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Esther 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mordecai's new position ##### + +Through the power of Yahweh, Mordecai was given a new position in the Persian Empire. Mordecai was now the second in command in the kingdom of Persia and he used his position to help other Jews. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/front/intro.md b/est/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b8d92631b --- /dev/null +++ b/est/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# Introduction to Esther # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Esther #### + +1. King Ahasuerus sends away his wife, the queen (1:1–22) +1. Ahasuerus chooses Esther as the new queen (2:1–23) +1. Haman plots to destroy the Jews (3:1–15) +1. Mordecai asks Esther to help her people (4:1–17) +1. Esther pleads with the King for the Jews (5:1–7:10) +1. The result of Haman's plot to destroy the Jews (8:1–9:16) +1. The Feast of Purim (9:17–32) +1. Conclusion (10:1–3) + +#### What is the Book of Esther about? #### + +The Book of Esther is the account of a plot to kill all the Jews living in the Persian Empire. These were the Jews whom the Babylonians had taken into exile, together with their descendants. + +This book tells how a young Jewish woman named Esther became the queen of Persia, the most important wife of the king of Persia. The book implies that God used Esther to save her people from destruction. + +The Book of Esther ends by explaining that the Jewish festival of Purim began as a celebration of God's rescue of the Jews. The name "Purim" comes from "pur," the lots or dice that Haman, the Jews' enemy, threw in order to decide when to attack them. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The traditional title of this book is "The Book of Esther." However, it is possible to make the title more clear in other languages. We recommend, "The Book About Esther" or "The History About Esther." + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the Persian Empire? #### + +The Persian Empire, or more properly, the First Persian Empire, consisted of many kingdoms and regions that King Cyrus the Great conquered and ruled over. When he conquered Babylonia in 539 B.C., he came into control of the Jews whom the Babylonians had exiled. + +#### Why were there Jews in Babylonia when the Persians conquered it? #### + +These Jews were the descendants of the people of Judah who had not been killed in the attacks of the Babylonian army about 586 B.C. under King Nebuchadnezzar II. + +#### What was meant by "the laws of the Medes and Persians"? #### + +This idea, found in Esther 1:19 and Daniel 6:12, referred to laws and decrees which, once issued, could not be taken back. This idea is important in the Book of Esther, because although the king decreed that his people could attack the Jews, he later regretted his decision. He had to find a way to take away the danger to the Jews without reversing the decree. The term "Medes" refers to an ethnic group who had formed their own nation, but who were taken over by the Persians and absorbed into them. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What different levels of language are in the Book of Esther? #### + +The Book of Esther presents people talking to each other in many different situations. There is the polite and stately language of the Persian court, and the language of royal decrees. There is also the language of friends and close relatives who are talking to each other. There is even the language that one uses in speaking to oneself. Translators should use all the ways provided by their own languages in order to represent these different kinds of situations in a way that their readers will identify and understand. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/01.md b/exo/01/01.md index de46a7ddfa..8c8db62fa8 100644 --- a/exo/01/01.md +++ b/exo/01/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# household -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +This refers to all the people who live in a house together, usually a large family with servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# seventy -* **household** - all the people who live in a house together, usually a large family with servants. -* **seventy** - 70 -* **Joseph was already in Egypt** - AT: "Joseph lived in Egypt before his brothers" +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Joseph was already in Egypt + +"Joseph lived in Egypt before his brothers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/06.md b/exo/01/06.md index be38906960..ed5b1563af 100644 --- a/exo/01/06.md +++ b/exo/01/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all his brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +This includes 10 older brothers and 1 younger brother. -## translationNotes +# were fruitful -* **all his brothers** - this includes 10 older brothers and 1 younger brother -* **were fruitful** - This means that the Israelite population grew quickly. AT: "had many children" or "gave birth to many children" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the land was filled with them** - AT: "They filled the land" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **with them** - The word "them" refers to the Israelites. +The birth of children to the Israelites is spoken of as if they were plants that were producing fruit. AT: "had many children" or "gave birth to many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land was filled with them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They filled the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with them + +The word "them" refers to the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/08.md b/exo/01/08.md index 05dabc10a4..bacde1528c 100644 --- a/exo/01/08.md +++ b/exo/01/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# arose over Egypt -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "began to rule over the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# He said to his people -* **He said to his people** - "The king said to his people," -* **his people** - the people who lived in Egpyt, the Egyptians -* **let us** - The word "us" is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **leave the land** - "leave Egypt" +"The king said to his people" + +# his people + +These were the people who lived in Egypt, the Egyptians. + +# let us + +The word "us" is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# war breaks out + +Here war is spoken of as a person that is able to act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# leave the land + +"leave Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/11.md b/exo/01/11.md index 281d876349..bde77be5bf 100644 --- a/exo/01/11.md +++ b/exo/01/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# taskmasters -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +"slave drivers." These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. -## translationNotes +# to oppress them with hard labor -* **taskmasters** - “slave drivers” or “masters.” These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. -* **to oppress them with hard labor** - "to force the Israelites to do hard work for the Egyptians." -* **store cities** - places where the leaders put food and other important things to keep them safe +"to force the Israelites to do hard work for the Egyptians" + +# store cities + +These were places where the leaders put food and other important things to keep them safe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/13.md b/exo/01/13.md index 84a5aa66a2..3436de43f6 100644 --- a/exo/01/13.md +++ b/exo/01/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# made ... work rigorously -* [[en:tw:life]] +"made ... work very hard" or "harshly made ... work" -## translationNotes +# made their lives bitter -* ** work rigorously** - "work very hard" or "worked harshly" -* **mortar** - a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that holds them together when it dries -* **All their required work was hard ** - AT: "The Egyptians made them work very hard." or "The Egyptians forced them to work very hard." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The difficult lives of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were bitter food that was difficult to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mortar + +This was a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that held them together when it dried. + +# All their required work was hard + +"The Egyptians made them work very hard" or "The Egyptians forced them to work very hard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/15.md b/exo/01/15.md index ea63ac1b49..0c14d379dd 100644 --- a/exo/01/15.md +++ b/exo/01/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# king of Egypt -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +The king of Egypt is called Pharaoh. -## translationNotes +# midwives -* **king of Egypt** - the king of Egypt is called Pharaoh. -* **midwives** - women who help a woman give birth to a baby. -* **Shiphrah and ... Puah** - These are Hebrew women names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. + +# Shiphrah ... Puah + +These are Hebrew women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# on the birthstool + +Women sat on this short stool as they gave birth. Therefore, it is associated with birth. AT: "as they give birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/18.md b/exo/01/18.md index dc2206c65a..2029b20739 100644 --- a/exo/01/18.md +++ b/exo/01/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# midwives -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, King of Egypt]] +These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:16](./15.md). -## translationNotes +# Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live? -* **midwives** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:exo:01:15]]. -* **"Why have you let the male babies live?"** - Pharaoh was actually rebuking the midwives for allowing the male children live. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **"The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women…"** - The midwives answered wisely to appease Pharaoh's anger. +Pharaoh asked this question to rebuke the midwives for allowing the male children to live. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have disobeyed my order by not killing the male babies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +# The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women + +The midwives answered wisely to appease Pharaoh's anger. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/20.md b/exo/01/20.md index 86f72654c4..224e260da6 100644 --- a/exo/01/20.md +++ b/exo/01/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# God protected these midwives -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +God kept Pharaoh from killing these midwives. -## translationNotes +# midwives -* **God protected these midwives** - God kept pharaoh from killing these midwives. -* **midwives** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:01:15]]. -* **The people increased in numbers** - "The Israelites increased in numbers" -* **feared God** - AT: "revered God" or "had reverence for God" -* **You must throw every male ... into the river** - This was in order to for them to drown and die. AT: "... into the river to drown." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:16](./15.md). + +# The people increased in numbers + +"The Israelites increased in numbers" + +# feared God + +"revered God" or "had reverence for God" + +# he gave them families + +"the enabled them to have children" + +# You must throw every son ... into the river + +This order was given in order to drown the male children. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. AT: "You must ... into the river so they will drown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/intro.md b/exo/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6943e41752 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Exodus 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition with the last chapter of the book of Genesis. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's growth ##### +Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians because they would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +##### End of the famine ##### +It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning back to the Promised Land and instead choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "All of the descendants of Jacob were seventy in number" ##### +This number included both Jacob's children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Exodus intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/01.md b/exo/02/01.md index 28fa092923..ebfd2d286b 100644 --- a/exo/02/01.md +++ b/exo/02/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main event. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the narrative. If you have a way of doing this in your language, consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# three -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. -* **three** - See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]. +"3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/03.md b/exo/02/03.md index 84e3d48f7f..f897a926e1 100644 --- a/exo/02/03.md +++ b/exo/02/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# papyrus basket -* [[en:tw:seal]] +This is a basket made from a tall grass that grows by the Nile River in Egypt. -## translationNotes +# sealed it with bitumen and pitch -* **papyrus basket** - This is a basket made from a tall grass that grows by the Nile River in Egypt. -* **sealed it with bitumen and pitch** - AT: "spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it" -* **sealed** - Here "sealed" means that she applied a waterproof coating. -* **bitumen and pitch** - "tar." This is a sticky black paste used to keep out water. -* **reeds** - a type of tall grass that grows in flat, wet areas -* **at a distance** - This means something is close enough to see but still far enough away to remain hidden. +You could explicitly state that this was to keep out water. AT: "spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sealed + +Here "sealed" means that she applied a waterproof coating. + +# bitumen + +This is a sticky black paste made from petroleum. It can be used to keep out water. AT: "tar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# pitch + +This is a sticky brown or black paste that can be made from tree sap or from petroleum. Therefore, "pitch" would include not only "bitumen" but also plant-based resins. It too can be used to keep out water. AT: "tar" or "resin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# reeds + +These "reeds" were a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas. + +# at a distance + +This means she stood far enough away so that she would not be noticed, but close enough to see the basket. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/05.md b/exo/02/05.md index 5e128c52e5..b7bda2e928 100644 --- a/exo/02/05.md +++ b/exo/02/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# attendants -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +"servants" -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **attendants** - "servants" -* **Behold** - The word “behold” signals the surprising information that follows. +The word "behold" signals the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/07.md b/exo/02/07.md index e8eabbca9a..82f6d887a3 100644 --- a/exo/02/07.md +++ b/exo/02/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# nurse - -## translationNotes - -* **nurse** - "breastfeed" +"breastfeed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/09.md b/exo/02/09.md index 65f25e2350..7d0c3f8fec 100644 --- a/exo/02/09.md +++ b/exo/02/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# she brought him -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"the Hebrew woman brought him" -## translationNotes +# he became her son -* **she brought him** - "the Hebrew woman brought him" -* **he became her son** - "he became the son of Pharaoh's daughter" -* **drew him** - "pulled him" -* **Because I drew him from the water** - Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Moses sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'pull.'" +"he became the adopted son of Pharaoh's daughter" + +# Because I drew him from the water + +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Moses sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'pull.'" + +# drew him + +"pulled him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/11.md b/exo/02/11.md index 1c9c3316b0..ead00e64bd 100644 --- a/exo/02/11.md +++ b/exo/02/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# striking -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] +"hitting" or "beating" -## translationNotes +# He looked this way and that way -* **striking** - "hitting" or "beating" +These two opposite directions have the combined meaning of "everywhere." AT: "He looked all around" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/13.md b/exo/02/13.md index d6f167699b..e9e79b8af8 100644 --- a/exo/02/13.md +++ b/exo/02/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He went out -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +"Moses went out" -## translationNotes +# behold -* **He went out** - "Moses went out" -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. You can use a word in your language that will give this meaning. -* **the one who was in the wrong** - "the one who started the fight" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Are you planning to kill me as you killed that Egyptian?** - The writer uses a question here to be sarcastic. AT: "Surely you are not going to kill me like you killed that Egyptian!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "behold" here shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. You can use a word in your language that will give this meaning. + +# the one who was in the wrong + +This was a customary way of saying "the one who started the fight." AT: "the one who was guilty of starting the fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Who made you a leader and judge over us? + +The man used this question to rebuke Moses for intervening in the fight. AT: "You are not our leader and have no right to judge us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are you planning to kill me as you killed that Egyptian? + +The man used a question here to be sarcastic. AT: "We know that you killed an Egyptian yesterday. You had better not kill me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/15.md b/exo/02/15.md index d0b217d8d9..89d1eab09e 100644 --- a/exo/02/15.md +++ b/exo/02/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now when Pharaoh heard about it -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the event. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the incident. -## translationNotes +# Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters -* **Now when Pharaoh heard about it** - This word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. -* **Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters** - The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells about new people in the story. -* **drew water** - This means that they brought up water from a well. -* **trough** - a long, narrow, open container for animals to eat or drink out of -* **drive them away** - "chase them away" -* **helped them** - "rescued them" +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the event. Here the author tells about new people in the narrative. + +# drew water + +This means that they brought up water from a well. + +# troughs + +a long, narrow, open container for animals to eat or drink out of + +# drive them away + +"chase them away" + +# helped them + +"rescued them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/18.md b/exo/02/18.md index 636cc8f3c2..a7a2ecce4f 100644 --- a/exo/02/18.md +++ b/exo/02/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Why did you leave the man? -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Jethro]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for these verses. +This question is a mild rebuke to the daughters for not inviting Moses into their home according to the normal hospitality of that culture. AT: "You should not have left this man at the well!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/21.md b/exo/02/21.md index 2c1cb97dfa..55acb222a9 100644 --- a/exo/02/21.md +++ b/exo/02/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses agreed to stay with the man -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreign]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +"Moses agreed to live with Reuel" -## translationNotes +# Zipporah -* **Moses agreed to stay with the man** - "Moses agreed to live with Reuel" -* **Zipporah** - This is Reuel's daughter. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gershom** - This is Moses's son. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **resident in a foreign land** - "stranger in a foreign land" +This is Reuel's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gershom + +This is Moses's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# resident in a foreign land + +"stranger in a foreign land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/23.md b/exo/02/23.md index 3f12b6b059..3c1f34eade 100644 --- a/exo/02/23.md +++ b/exo/02/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# groaned -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +They did this because of their sorrow and misery. AT: "sighed deeply" -## translationNotes +# their pleas went up to God -* **groaned** - "sighed deeply." They did this because of their sorrow and misery. -* **God called to mind his covenant** - AT: "God remembered his covenant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The cries of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were a person and were able to travel up to where God is. AT: "God heard their pleas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# God called to mind his covenant + +This was a customary way of saying God thought about what He had promised. AT: "God remembered his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/intro.md b/exo/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c40fdfb49 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Exodus 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Moses' heritage ##### +In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh's daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Ironic situations ##### +While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, Yahweh used Pharaoh's own daughter to save Moses. Moses was the one who would ultimately be used by Yahweh to deliver Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/01.md b/exo/03/01.md index 3cd73541aa..613a3419e9 100644 --- a/exo/03/01.md +++ b/exo/03/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# angel of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:jethro]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +This was Yahweh himself appearing as an angel, and not just an angel that Yahweh sent. "Yahweh appeared as an angel" . -## translationNotes +# Yahweh -* **angel of Yahweh** - Yahweh appeared in the form of an angel. This was not just an angel that Yahweh sent. AT: "Yahweh appeared as an angel" (UDB) -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/04.md b/exo/03/04.md index 8eebcc725f..6ca6b8de56 100644 --- a/exo/03/04.md +++ b/exo/03/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# set apart -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +"made holy" -## translationNotes +# the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob -* **consecrated** - AT: "made holy" -* **your father** - Possible meanings are 1) "your ancestor" or 2) "your father." If it means "your ancestor," then the phrases following it clarify who "your father" refers to; it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means "your father," then it refers to Moses's own father. +All of these men worshiped the same God. AT: "the God of your father, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob" + +# your father + +Possible meanings are 1) "your ancestor" or 2) "your father." If it means "your ancestor," then the phrases following it clarify who "your father" refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means "your father," then it refers to Moses's own father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/07.md b/exo/03/07.md index 34f87391ad..89d36d128d 100644 --- a/exo/03/07.md +++ b/exo/03/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# taskmasters -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite|]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"slave drivers." These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). -## translationNotes +# a land flowing with milk and honey -* **taskmasters** - "slave drivers" or "masters." These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow." This means that the land will be rich and productive, so there will be enough food for everyone. AT: "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"a land where milk and honey flow." God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. AT: "a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flowing with + +"full of" or "with an abundance of" + +# milk + +Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. AT: "food from livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honey + +Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. AT: "food from crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/09.md b/exo/03/09.md index 9ace25d44f..42df958115 100644 --- a/exo/03/09.md +++ b/exo/03/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the shouts of the people of Israel have come to me -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the shouts of the people of Israel have come to me** - AT: "I have heard the cries of the people of Israel." +Here the word "shouts" are spoken of as if they were persons who are capable of moving on their own. AT: "I have heard the cries of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/11.md b/exo/03/11.md index f70f4f6605..3cc59f3e1f 100644 --- a/exo/03/11.md +++ b/exo/03/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh ... Egypt? -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh** - "Am I important enough to go to Pharaoh." Moses probably asked this question to imply that he was not important enough to go to Pharaoh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Moses uses this question to tell God that Moses is a nobody and no one will listen to him. AT: "I am not important enough to go to Pharaoh ... Egypt!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/13.md b/exo/03/13.md index 9604a8ec14..6f1ffb3a6c 100644 --- a/exo/03/13.md +++ b/exo/03/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# God said to Moses, "I AM THAT I AM." -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is God's response to Moses' question about God's name. This can be made explicit. AT: "God said to Moses, 'Tell them that God says his name is, "I AM THAT I AM."'" -## translationNotes +# I AM THAT I AM -* **I AM THAT I AM** - Possible meanings are that 1) this whole sentence is God's name or 2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live. +Possible meanings are 1) this whole sentence is God's name or 2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live. + +# I AM + +Languages that do not have an equivalent to the verb "am" may need to render this as "I LIVE" or "I EXIST." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/16.md b/exo/03/16.md index f5cff63fc5..9a1c9727b9 100644 --- a/exo/03/16.md +++ b/exo/03/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob -* God continues speaking to Moses. -* **the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob** - Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of Moses's ancestors. They all worshiped the same God. -* **I have indeed observed you** - The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. -* **They will listen to you** - "The elders will listen to you." The word "you" refers to Moses. +Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of Moses's ancestors. They all worshiped the same God. + +# I have indeed observed you + +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +"a land where milk and honey flow." God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](./07.md). AT: "a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flowing with + +"full of" or "with an abundance of" + +# milk + +Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. AT: "food from livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honey + +Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. AT: "food from crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will listen to you + +The word "you" refers to Moses. AT: "The elders will listen to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/19.md b/exo/03/19.md index 30657f87ed..d4d4ce3877 100644 --- a/exo/03/19.md +++ b/exo/03/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +God continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# unless his hand is forced -* God continues speaking to Moses. -* **his hand is forced** - AT: "he is forced" or "his will to resist is broken" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will not go empty-handed** - handed** - AT: "will go with their hands full of good things" or "will go with many valuable things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This can be stated in active form. The word "hand" is a metonymy for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are 1) "only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else," where the "hand" belongs to Pharaoh; where the "hand" belongs to Yahweh, 2) "only if I force him to let you go" or 3) "not even if I force him to let you go." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will reach out with my hand and attack + +Here "hand" refers to God's power. AT: "I will powerfully attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not go empty-handed + +The word here "empty-handed" is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. AT: "will go with your hands full of good things" or "will go with many valuable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# any women staying in her neighbors' houses + +"any Egyptian woman staying in the houses of her Egyptian neighbors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/intro.md b/exo/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2e1b0f7dd --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Exodus 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records one of the most important events in the history of the Israelite people: the revelation of the name Yahweh at the burning bush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's holiness ##### +God is so holy that people could not look upon him without dying. This is why Moses covered his eyes. It is also why he took off his shoes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh ##### +The name Yahweh is sacred in the Hebrew religion. It is the personal name of God, which he revealed to Moses. It is by this name, he is known. Yahweh means "I am." Some translations use all capitals to set this apart, "I AM." Great care must be taken in translating the phrase "I am that I am." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/01.md b/exo/04/01.md index 22a46a3445..d711531f9c 100644 --- a/exo/04/01.md +++ b/exo/04/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# if they do not believe -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* ** if they do not believe** - "if the Israelites do not believe" +"if the Israelites do not believe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/04.md b/exo/04/04.md index 0fe60f729f..bacb446324 100644 --- a/exo/04/04.md +++ b/exo/04/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# take it by the tail -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +"pick it up by the tail" or "grasp it by the tail" -## translationNotes +# became a staff -* **take it by the tail** - "pick it up by the tail" or "grasp it by the tail" -* **became a staff** - "turned into a rod" or "changed into a staff" -* ** the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob** - Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of their ancestors. They all worshiped the same God. +"turned into a rod" or "changed into a staff" + +# the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob + +Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of their ancestors. They all worshiped the same God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/06.md b/exo/04/06.md index c549e97e90..35abcf7e7b 100644 --- a/exo/04/06.md +++ b/exo/04/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# as white as snow -* **behold** - This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. -* **as white as snow** - Leprosy causes the skin to look white. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The word "as" here is used to compare what Moses' hand looked like. Leprosy causes the skin to look white. You may not have a word for snow in your language. If so, consider an alternative that describes something white. AT: "as white as wool or as white as the sand on the beach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/08.md b/exo/04/08.md index 37463613ce..863698ef13 100644 --- a/exo/04/08.md +++ b/exo/04/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# pay attention -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **pay attention** - "acknowledge" or "accept" or "take to heart" +"acknowledge" or "accept" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/10.md b/exo/04/10.md index 15883d409d..39114613ea 100644 --- a/exo/04/10.md +++ b/exo/04/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# eloquent -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"an excellent speaker" -## translationNotes +# I am slow of speech and slow of tongue -* **eloquent** - "an excellent speaker" -* **I am slow of speech and slow of tongue** - The phrases "slow of speech" and "slow of tongue" mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize that that he is not a good speaker. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Who is it who made man’s mouth? Who makes a man mute or deaf or seeing or blind? Is it not I, Yahweh?** - By these questions Yahweh presses his point that he is the Creator, and he is the one who makes a person able to do something or not able to do something. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **and I will be with your mouth** - This means that God will give Moses the right words to speak at the right time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The phrases "slow of speech" and "slow of tongue" mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize that he is not a good speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# slow of tongue + +Here "tongue" refers to Moses' ability to speak. AT: "unable to speak well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Who is it who made man's mouth? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the Creator who makes if possible for people to speak. AT: "I Yahweh am the one who created the human mouth and the ability to speak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who makes a man mute or deaf or seeing or blind? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who decides if people can speak and hear, and if they can see. AT: "I Yahweh make people able to speak, or hear, or to see, or to be blind!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is it not I, Yahweh? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he alone makes these decisions. AT: "I, Yahweh, am the one who does this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will be with your mouth + +Here "mouth" refers to Moses' ability to speak. AT: "I will give you the ability to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/14.md b/exo/04/14.md index 8c52071239..36ee674cc2 100644 --- a/exo/04/14.md +++ b/exo/04/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he will be glad in his heart -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "heart" refers to inner thoughts and emotions. AT: "he will be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# put the words to say into his mouth -* **I will be with your mouth** - This means God will give Moses the right words to speak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **He will be your mouth** - "He will say what you tell him to say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you will be to him like me, God** - Just as God told Moses what to say, Moses would tell Aaron what to say. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Words here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a person's mouth. AT: "give him the message that he is to repeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will be with your mouth + +The word "mouth" here represents Moses choice of words. AT: "I will give you the right words to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with his mouth + +The word "mouth" here represents Aaron's choice of words. AT: "I will give him the right words to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will be your mouth + +The word "mouth" here represents Aaron repeating what Moses told him. AT: "He will say what you tell him to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will be to him like me, God + +The word "like" here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. AT: "you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/18.md b/exo/04/18.md index a1e1e457e5..18a030741f 100644 --- a/exo/04/18.md +++ b/exo/04/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# father-in-law -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jethro]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **father-in-law** - in-law** - This refers to the father of Moses' wife. +This refers to the father of Moses' wife. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/21.md b/exo/04/21.md index 537ec961b7..387cce69d1 100644 --- a/exo/04/21.md +++ b/exo/04/21.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# will harden his heart -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. AT: "will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Israel is my son -* **will harden his heart** - Possible meanings are 1) "will make him unwilling to obey you" or 2) "will make him unwilling to obey me." -* **Israel is my son** - The word "Israel" is a shortened form of "the people of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **is my son, my firstborn** - "is like my son, my firstborn" or "is like a firstborn son to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you have refused to let him go** - The word "him" refers to the people of Israel as God's son. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will certainly kill your son, your firstborn** - The word "son" here refers to the actual son of Pharaoh. +The word "Israel" here represents all the people of Israel. AT: "The people of Israel are my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is my son, my firstborn + +Here the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a firstborn son who causes joy and pride. AT: "is like my own firstborn son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have refused to let him go + +The word "him" refers to the people of Israel as God's son. AT: "you have refused to let my son go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will certainly kill your son, your firstborn + +The word "son" here refers to the actual son of Pharaoh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/24.md b/exo/04/24.md index 18d68dadd7..151731935f 100644 --- a/exo/04/24.md +++ b/exo/04/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh met Moses and tried to kill him -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] +This may have been because Moses had not circumcised his son. -## translationNotes +# Zipporah -* **Yahweh met Moses and tried to kill him** - This may have been because Moses had not circumcised his son. -* **Zipporah** - This is the name of Moses's wife. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **flint knife** - a knife with a sharpened stone blade -* **Moses' feet** - This may be a milder or more polite way to refer to the private parts of Moses's body . (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **You are a bridegroom of blood** - AT: "You are related to me by this blood" or "You are my husband because of blood." +This is the name of Moses's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# flint knife + +This was a knife with a sharpened stone blade. + +# to his feet + +It is possible that the word "feet" here may have been a more respectful way to refer to the genital area of the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# you are a bridegroom to me by blood + +The meaning of this metaphor is unclear. It was probably a known saying in that culture. AT: "you are related to me by this blood" or "you are my husband because of blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/27.md b/exo/04/27.md index 1018c7d7a7..e26cfc1925 100644 --- a/exo/04/27.md +++ b/exo/04/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh said to Aaron -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +You may want to add a word that marks the beginning of a new part of the story, as the UDB does. -## translationNotes +# at the mountain of God -* **at the mountain of God** - AT: "at Sinai, the mountain of God" -* **he had sent him to say** - The word "he" refers to Yahweh, and "him" refers to Moses. +This may have been the mountain at Sinai, but the text does not include that information. + +# he had sent him to say + +The word "he" refers to Yahweh, and "him" refers to Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/29.md b/exo/04/29.md index 7a0f88c9a1..b3a15c44c2 100644 --- a/exo/04/29.md +++ b/exo/04/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in the sight of the people -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"before the people" or "in the presence of the people" -## translationNotes +# had observed the Israelites -* **in the sight of the people** - "before the people" or "in the presence of the people" -* **had observed the Israelites** - "saw the Israelites" or "was concerned about the Israelites" -* **they bowed their heads** - Possible meanings are 1) "they bowed their heads" or 2) "they bowed down low." These are ways of showing respect in worship. +"saw the Israelites" or "was concerned about the Israelites" + +# they bowed their heads + +Possible meanings are 1) "they bowed their heads in awe" or 2) "they bowed down low in reverence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/intro.md b/exo/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1aa3a28d25 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Exodus 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Moses does not understand ##### +Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these are Yahweh's doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Children of God ##### +This chapter really introduces the concept that the people group Israel is the chosen people of God and God's children, possibly God's firstborn children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/firstborn]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart ##### +Scholars are divided over how to understand this statement. There is debate over whether Pharaoh plays an active or passive role in the hardening of his own heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/01.md b/exo/05/01.md index a2c03c20e0..f55381d606 100644 --- a/exo/05/01.md +++ b/exo/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# After these things happened -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It is unclear how long Moses and Aaron waited until they went to see Pharoah. -## translationNotes +# festival for me -* **After these things** - AT: "Then." It is unclear how long Moses and Aaron waited until they went to see Pharoah. -* **festival for me** - This is a celebration to worship Yahweh. -* **"Who is Yahweh? Why should I ... let Israel go?"** - These questions are used to show Pharaoh's contempt of Yahweh and that he has no interest in Yahweh or in letting the Israelites go to worship him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **listen to his voice** - The phrase "his voice" is used to refer to what he says. AT: "listen to what he says" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a celebration to worship Yahweh. + +# Who is Yahweh? + +Pharaoh uses this question to show that he does not recognize Yahweh as a legitimate god. AT: "I do not know Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why should I ... let Israel go? + +Pharaoh uses this question to state that he has no interest in obeying Yahweh or in letting the Israelites go to worship him. AT: "He is nothing to me and I will not let Israel go!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# listen to his voice + +The words "his voice" represent the words God spoke. AT: "listen to what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/03.md b/exo/05/03.md index cf64da45df..d39cc4a398 100644 --- a/exo/05/03.md +++ b/exo/05/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# God of the Hebrews -* [[en:tw:Hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is a term also used for the Israelites' God or Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# or with the sword -* **God of the Hebrews** - This is a term also used for the Israelites' God or Yahweh. -* **attack us with plague** - AT: "cause us to die from disease" -* **with the sword** - The word "sword" is used to refer to war or an attack by enemies. AT: "or cause our enemies to attack us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **why are you taking the people from their work?** - This question shows anger and emphasizes that the Israelites should not be taken away from their work. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "sword" represents war or an attack by enemies. AT: "or cause our enemies to attack us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# why are you taking the people from their work? + +Pharaoh uses this question to express his anger towards Moses and Aaron for taking the Israelites away from their work. AT: "stop distracting the people from doing their work!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/06.md b/exo/05/06.md index 140f2c67b6..26eb1010db 100644 --- a/exo/05/06.md +++ b/exo/05/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# taskmasters -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"slave drivers" These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). -## translationNotes +# you must no longer give -* **taskmasters** - “slave drivers” or “masters.” These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. -* **you must no longer give** - The word "you" in these verses is plural and refers to the taskmasters and foremen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +The word "you" in these verses is plural and refers to the taskmasters and foremen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/10.md b/exo/05/10.md index 1920b070f8..a8977dc568 100644 --- a/exo/05/10.md +++ b/exo/05/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# taskmasters -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +"slave drivers." These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). -## translationNotes +# I will no longer give you any straw ... get straw wherever you can find it -* **taskmasters** - “slave drivers” or “masters.” These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. -* **I will no longer give you any straw … get straw wherever you can find it** - The word "you" in these verses is plural and refers to the Israelite people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **your workload will not be reduced** - AT: "you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before" +The word "you" in these verses is plural and refers to the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You yourselves must go + +Here "yourselves" emphasizes that the Egyptians will no longer help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# your workload will not be reduced + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/12.md b/exo/05/12.md index 39e78c8fb2..252e7fa16b 100644 --- a/exo/05/12.md +++ b/exo/05/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# throughout all the land of Egypt -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +This is an generalization used to show the extra effort Israel made to meet Pharaoh's demands. AT: "to many places throughout Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# stubble -* **all the land of Egypt** - This is not to be understood literally. AT: "throughout a wide area" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **taskmasters** - “slave drivers” or “masters.” These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. -* **stubble** - "the part of a plant that is left over after harvest" -* **Why have you not produced all the bricks required of you** - Using a question here shows that the taskmasters were angry and harsh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +the part of a plant that is left over after harvest + +# taskmasters + +"slave drivers" These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). + +# Why have you not produced all the bricks required of you ... in the past? + +The taskmasters used this question to show they were angry with the lack of bricks. AT: "You are not producing enough bricks, either yesterday or today, as you did in the past!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/15.md b/exo/05/15.md index 3e7dc38d9c..213b4746fd 100644 --- a/exo/05/15.md +++ b/exo/05/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# cried out -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"complained" -## translationNotes +# they are still telling us, 'Make bricks!' -* **cried out** - "complained" +Here "they" refers to the Egyptian taskmasters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/19.md b/exo/05/19.md index 511321f8ac..736c8332fc 100644 --- a/exo/05/19.md +++ b/exo/05/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# when they were told -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when Pharaoh told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# palace -* **when they were told** - AT: "when Pharaoh told them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **palace** - a very large house that a king lives in -* **have put a sword in their hand to kill us** - AT: “have given them a reason to kill us” (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a very large house that a king lives in. + +# you have made us offensive + +The Egyptians responded to the Israelites the same way they would respond to a foul odor. AT: "you have caused them to hate us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have put a sword in their hand to kill us + +Here "a sword" represents an opportunity to destroy enemies. AT: "have given them a reason to kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/22.md b/exo/05/22.md index 4e1444817e..47fe01f414 100644 --- a/exo/05/22.md +++ b/exo/05/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Lord, why have you caused trouble for this people? -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +This question shows how disappointed he was that the Egyptians were treating the Israelites even more harshly now. AT: "Lord, I am sorry that you have caused this trouble for this people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why did you send me in the first place? -* **Lord, why have you caused trouble for this people? Why did you send me in the first place?** - When Moses asked God these questions, he also showed how disappointed he was that the Egyptians were treating the Israelites even more harshly now. -* **to speak to him in your name** - AT: "to give him your message" +This question shows how disappointed Moses was that God had sent him to Egypt. AT: "I wish you had never sent me here!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to speak to him in your name + +The word "name" here represents the message of God. AT: "to give him your message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/intro.md b/exo/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0790bdae4 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Exodus 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### A slave's work ##### +The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. They were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, the were required to not only make these bricks, but also to gather the straw in order to make these bricks. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Let my people go" ##### +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +##### Titles ##### +The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULB uses "taskmasters" and "foreman." Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic words like "Egyptian leaders" and "Hebrew leader" may be necessary. The translator has freedom to adapt these titles as needed. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/01.md b/exo/06/01.md index 953108ce4d..1ea29d7cf4 100644 --- a/exo/06/01.md +++ b/exo/06/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# my strong hand -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **because of my strong hand** - This means "because I am strong." AT: "because of my power" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "hand" here represents God's actions or works. AT: "the power I show in my works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/02.md b/exo/06/02.md index 083c202c32..4aa207f3c6 100644 --- a/exo/06/02.md +++ b/exo/06/02.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +"I showed myself to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob" -## translationNotes +# I was not known to them -* **I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob** - AT: "I showed myself to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob" -* **groaning** - making sad sounds because of pain +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They did not know me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# groaning + +This means making sad sounds because of pain and suffering. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/06.md b/exo/06/06.md index a733bb964c..41c4c0bf3f 100644 --- a/exo/06/06.md +++ b/exo/06/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# say to the Israelites -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes - -* **say to the Israelites** - This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. AT: "Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites" +This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. AT: "Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/08.md b/exo/06/08.md index 3e814656e2..068866e90f 100644 --- a/exo/06/08.md +++ b/exo/06/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# I swore -* [[en:tw:oath]] - -## translationNotes - -* **I swore** - AT: "I promised" or "I said I would" +"I promised" or "I said I would" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/10.md b/exo/06/10.md index 0c16509956..cde9389210 100644 --- a/exo/06/10.md +++ b/exo/06/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# If the Israelites have not listened to me, why will Pharaoh listen to me, since I am not good at speaking? -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **why will Pharaoh listen to me ... not good at speaking?** - AT: "Pharaoh will certainly not listen. I am not even a good speaker." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Moses asked this question hoping God would change His mind about using Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Since the Israelites did not listen to me, neither will Pharaoh, because I am not good at speaking!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/14.md b/exo/06/14.md index fcf1dc8565..5ffb9b1c58 100644 --- a/exo/06/14.md +++ b/exo/06/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the heads of their fathers' houses -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:Simeon]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +Here "heads" refers to the original ancestors of the clan. AT: "the ancestors of the clans" -## translationNotes +# Hanok ... Shaul -* **Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi … Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul** - These are all names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/16.md b/exo/06/16.md index ab357a44bb..37dabce686 100644 --- a/exo/06/16.md +++ b/exo/06/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Gershon ... Merari -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# 137 years old -* **Gershon, Kohath, and Merari** - These are men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Amran, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel** - These are men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"one hundred and thirty-seven years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Amram ... Uzziel + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 133 years old + +"one hundred and thirty-three years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/20.md b/exo/06/20.md index b2b98abad7..484c8c1a56 100644 --- a/exo/06/20.md +++ b/exo/06/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# 137 years -* [[en:tw:death]] +"one hundred and thirty-seven years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Izhar ... Korah ... Zichri -* **Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Uzziel ... Mishael ... Sithri + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/23.md b/exo/06/23.md index 94f03fbee7..d163f4487b 100644 --- a/exo/06/23.md +++ b/exo/06/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Nadab ... Ithamar +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Phinehas -* **Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar** - These are men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **These were the heads of the fathers' houses** - "The word "heads" means leaders. AT: "These were the leaders of the families" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These were the heads of the fathers' houses + +The word "heads" here represents family leaders. AT: "These were the leaders of the families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/26.md b/exo/06/26.md index 28099a05d7..97b7a69799 100644 --- a/exo/06/26.md +++ b/exo/06/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# by their groups of fighting men - -## translationNotes - -* ** by their groups of fighting men** - AT: "one tribe at a time" or "one family group after another" +"one tribe at a time" or "one family group after another" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/28.md b/exo/06/28.md index 7520cfc948..3da37748fa 100644 --- a/exo/06/28.md +++ b/exo/06/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# I am not good ... why will Pharaoh listen to me? -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **so why will Pharaoh listen to me?** - AT: "Pharaoh will certainly not listen to me!"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Moses asks this question hoping to change God's mind. This rhetorical question can be translated as as statement. AT: "I am not good ... Pharaoh will certainly not listen to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/intro.md b/exo/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b83c80a49 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Exodus 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Promised Land ##### +According to the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham, Egypt is not the home of the Hebrew people. It is the Promised Land in Canaan. The people are to return home to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/01.md b/exo/07/01.md index 0af8a3428c..cef2594c4c 100644 --- a/exo/07/01.md +++ b/exo/07/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# I have made you like a god -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **I have made you like a god** - "I will cause Pharaoh to consider you as a god." +"I will cause Pharaoh to consider you as a god" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/03.md b/exo/07/03.md index 8620f96a43..bd9d416553 100644 --- a/exo/07/03.md +++ b/exo/07/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# harden Pharaoh's heart -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md). AT: "will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# many signs ... many wonders -* **many signs...many wonders** - The words "signs" and "wonders" mean basically the same thing. God uses them to emphasize the greatness of what he will do in Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **put my hand on...reach out with my hand** - The words "my hand" represent God's great power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "signs" and "wonders" mean basically the same thing. God uses them to emphasize the greatness of what he will do in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# put my hand on ... reach out with my hand on + +The words "my hand" represent God's great power. AT: "use my power against ... show my powerful acts against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/06.md b/exo/07/06.md index 8a5461bfaf..5931d5f68f 100644 --- a/exo/07/06.md +++ b/exo/07/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Aaron eighty-three years old -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **and Aaron eighty-three years old** - three years old** - "and Aaron was eighty-three years old"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"Aaron was eighty-three years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/08.md b/exo/07/08.md index 93e61d8004..147b780eea 100644 --- a/exo/07/08.md +++ b/exo/07/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] - -## translationNotes +# When Pharaoh says to you, 'Do a miracle,' then you will say to Aaron, 'Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake.' +This could be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "When Pharaoh tells you to do a miracle, then you will tell Aaron to take his staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/11.md b/exo/07/11.md index 43bb2490be..64778f05ed 100644 --- a/exo/07/11.md +++ b/exo/07/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# swallowed up -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"ate up" or "devoured" -## translationNotes +# Pharaoh's heart was hardened -* **swallowed up** - "ate up" or "devoured" -* **Pharaoh's heart was hardened** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. AT: "Pharaoh became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/14.md b/exo/07/14.md index fb9eeaa1c4..fd43678d85 100644 --- a/exo/07/14.md +++ b/exo/07/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Pharaoh's heart is hard -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](./11.md). AT: "Pharaoh is stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# when he goes out to the water -* **Pharaoh's heart is hard** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **when he goes out to the water** - "when he goes down to the Nile River to bathe" (UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "when he goes down to the Nile River to bathe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/16.md b/exo/07/16.md index e5af88b31d..0885744d69 100644 --- a/exo/07/16.md +++ b/exo/07/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Say to him -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"Say to Pharaoh" -## translationNotes +# strike the water -* **Say to him ** - "Say to Pharaoh" -* **strike the water** - "hit the water" +"hit the water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/19.md b/exo/07/19.md index b74c32b3dd..a42f00b945 100644 --- a/exo/07/19.md +++ b/exo/07/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# throughout all -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **throughout all** - "in every part of" +"in every part of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/20.md b/exo/07/20.md index 75a689627b..0a4573c11a 100644 --- a/exo/07/20.md +++ b/exo/07/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Pharaoh's heart was hardened -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](./11.md). AT: "Pharaoh became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in the river -* **in the river** - "in the Nile River" (UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **heart was hardened** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The name of the river may be made explicit. AT: "in the Nile River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/23.md b/exo/07/23.md index 2d5e8fc5f2..60ccce9ae8 100644 --- a/exo/07/23.md +++ b/exo/07/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# All the Egyptians -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:house]] - -## translationNotes - -* **All the Egyptians** - "The Egyptians"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The word "all" here is a generalization that means "many." AT: "Many of the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/intro.md b/exo/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7b41092191 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Exodus 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Miracles ##### +When Yahweh had Moses perform miracles, Pharaoh's men were able to replicate these miracles. It is unknown how they were able to do this, but since it was not from Yahweh, they were probably done under some evil power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/01.md b/exo/08/01.md index f8bfe2ce2f..a1dc633a45 100644 --- a/exo/08/01.md +++ b/exo/08/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The river -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the Nile River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# kneading bowls -* **The river** - This refers to the Nile River. (UDB) -* ** kneading bowls ** - These are bowls in which bread is made, kneaded. (UDB) +These are bowls in which bread is made. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/05.md b/exo/08/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index cc08b92c14..0000000000 --- a/exo/08/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:water]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/exo/08/08.md b/exo/08/08.md index 39b234613c..10eacd818c 100644 --- a/exo/08/08.md +++ b/exo/08/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron" -## translationNotes +# You can have the privilege of telling me when I should pray for you -* **Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron** - or "Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron" -* **You can have the privilege of telling me when I should pray for you** - AT: "you can choose when I will pray for you" or "you can choose the time I should pray for you" +"You can choose when I will pray for you" or "You can choose the time I should pray for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/10.md b/exo/08/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1c5099c55e..0000000000 --- a/exo/08/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:god]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/exo/08/13.md b/exo/08/13.md index 06062ed56b..ce51ecf0b4 100644 --- a/exo/08/13.md +++ b/exo/08/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he hardened his heart -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +"Pharaoh hardened his heart." Here "hardened" means that he became stubborn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# just as Yahweh had said that he would do -* **just as Yahweh had said that he would do** - "just as Yahweh had said Pharaoh would do." +"just as Yahweh had said Pharaoh would do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/16.md b/exo/08/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index c7d7580e72..0000000000 --- a/exo/08/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/exo/08/18.md b/exo/08/18.md index b58db64830..48b3535ada 100644 --- a/exo/08/18.md +++ b/exo/08/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the finger of God -* [[en:tw:magic]] +The words "finger of God" represent the power of God. AT: "This is the powerful work of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Pharaoh's heart was hardened -* **This is the finger of God** - The words "finger of God" represent the smallest example of God's workmanship. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Pharaoh’s heart was hardened** - This means Pharaoh broke his promise and became stubborn again. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/11.md). AT: "Pharaoh became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/20.md b/exo/08/20.md index 68fcdffc88..aa7eaa19a8 100644 --- a/exo/08/20.md +++ b/exo/08/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# stand in front of Pharaoh -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"present yourself to Pharaoh" -## translationNotes +# Let my people go -* **stand in front of Pharaoh** - or "present yourself to Pharaoh" -* **Let my people go** - Or "set my people free" +"set my people free" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/22.md b/exo/08/22.md index 1a361e59f8..bb74634269 100644 --- a/exo/08/22.md +++ b/exo/08/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:goshen]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh through Moses. -## translationNotes +# the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies -* Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh through Moses. -* -* **the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies** - AT: "the swarms of flies devastated the land." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the swarms of flies devastated the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/25.md b/exo/08/25.md index 9bd59cf8d4..203134dfd3 100644 --- a/exo/08/25.md +++ b/exo/08/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# right before their eyes -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +This was a customary way of saying "in the presence of someone." AT: "in their presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# will they not stone us? -* **right before their eyes** - AT: "in their presence" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **will they not stone us?** - "they will certainly stone us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Moses asks this question to show Pharaoh the Egyptians would allow the Israelites to worship Yahweh. AT: "they will certainly stone us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/28.md b/exo/08/28.md index 5dc1e9b596..952e9257b8 100644 --- a/exo/08/28.md +++ b/exo/08/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# you must not deal deceitfully any more by not letting our people go -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you must begin to deal truthfully with us and let our people go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# But you must not deal deceitfully -* **But you must not deal deceitfully** - AT: "But you must not deceive us" or "But you must not lie to us" +"But you must not deceive us" or "But you must not lie to us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/30.md b/exo/08/30.md index 8f546d2b48..7156fc3003 100644 --- a/exo/08/30.md +++ b/exo/08/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Pharaoh hardened his heart -* [[en:tw:heart]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Pharaoh hardened his heart** - Pharaoh became stubborn again. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/11.md). AT: "Pharaoh became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/intro.md b/exo/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7929f63da1 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Exodus 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/01.md b/exo/09/01.md index 83f379e61b..b96f115a76 100644 --- a/exo/09/01.md +++ b/exo/09/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues talking with Moses about dealing with Pharaoh and bringing the Hebrew people out of Egypt. -## translationNotes +# if you refuse to let them go, if you still keep them back -* Yahweh continues talking with Moses about dealing with Pharaoh and bringing the Hebrew people out of Egypt. -* **if you refuse to let them go, if you still keep them back** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize what will happen if Pharaoh does this. AT: "If you still refuse to let them go" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **then Yahweh's hand will be on your cattle** - Yahweh will show his power by sending a terrible disease upon the Egyptians' livestock. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They will emphasize to Pharaoh what will happen if Pharaoh does this. AT: "if you continue refusing to let them go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# then Yahweh's hand will be on your cattle + +The word "hand" here represents Yahweh's power to afflict their animals with disease. AT: "then the power of Yahweh will afflict your cattle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on your cattle + +The word "your" here refers to all the people of Egypt who owned cattle. + +# Israel's cattle + +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "the cattle belonging to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Egypt's cattle + +Here "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "the cattle belonging to the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/05.md b/exo/09/05.md index c21224f169..2c112ff767 100644 --- a/exo/09/05.md +++ b/exo/09/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# fixed a time -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"set a time" or "appointed a time" -## translationNotes +# All the cattle of Egypt died -* **fixed a time** - "set a time" or "appointed a time" -* **Pharaoh investigated** - Pharaoh collected facts about the situation. -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. -* **his heart was stubborn** - "he refused to change his mind"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is exaggerated to emphasize the seriousness of the event. There were still some animals alive that were afflicted by later plagues. However, it may be best to translate this with the word "All." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# cattle of Egypt + +Here "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "the cattle belonging to the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Pharaoh investigated + +Pharaoh collected facts about the situation. + +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. + +# his heart was stubborn + +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. AT: "he refused to change his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/08.md b/exo/09/08.md index 6ac09c6845..a2453d044f 100644 --- a/exo/09/08.md +++ b/exo/09/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# kiln -* [[en:tw:aaron]] +a furnace -## translationNotes +# fine -* **kiln** - furnace -* **fine** - "very small" -* ** blisters and sores to break out on ** - AT: "a painful skin disease to quickly appear" +"very small" + +# to break out on + +"to quickly appear on" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/11.md b/exo/09/11.md index d05856a994..de6a7d1a62 100644 --- a/exo/09/11.md +++ b/exo/09/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] - -## translationNotes - -* **hardened Pharaoh's heart** - Yahweh caused Pharaoh to remain stubborn and resist the message he sent through Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 7:13](../07/11.md). AT: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/13.md b/exo/09/13.md index 1865245af6..85c33dbb2f 100644 --- a/exo/09/13.md +++ b/exo/09/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# on you yourself -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means that even Pharaoh will be hurt by the plagues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# I will do this so that you may know -* **on you yourself** - This means that even Pharaoh will be hurt by the plagues. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **I will do this so that you may know** - The word "this" refers to the plagues that Moses had just told Pharaoh about. +The word "this" refers to the plagues that Moses had just told Pharaoh about. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/15.md b/exo/09/15.md index 89bcae1c21..be0ec6b959 100644 --- a/exo/09/15.md +++ b/exo/09/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# reached out with my hand and attacked you -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +Here "my hand" refers to God's power. AT: "used my power to strike you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# so that my name may be proclaimed throughout all the earth +Here "my name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "so that people everywhere will know I am great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lifting yourself up against my people + +Pharaoh's opposition to letting Israel go to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if he was raising himself up as a barrier to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/18.md b/exo/09/18.md index 619ff1ba34..5132ea0e82 100644 --- a/exo/09/18.md +++ b/exo/09/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:death]] - -## translationNotes +# Listen! +"Pay attention to the important thing I am about to tell you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/20.md b/exo/09/20.md deleted file mode 100644 index baf30946fa..0000000000 --- a/exo/09/20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/exo/09/22.md b/exo/09/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index 110161bcff..0000000000 --- a/exo/09/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/exo/09/25.md b/exo/09/25.md deleted file mode 100644 index 65c65c909b..0000000000 --- a/exo/09/25.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:goshen]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/exo/09/27.md b/exo/09/27.md index 39d77d1afd..c1e6c75a8d 100644 --- a/exo/09/27.md +++ b/exo/09/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# summon -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] - -## translationNotes - -* **summon** - "call" +"call" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/29.md b/exo/09/29.md index 038a6769b1..c294face93 100644 --- a/exo/09/29.md +++ b/exo/09/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses said to him -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] +"Moses said to Pharaoh" -## translationNotes +# spread my hands out to Yahweh -* **Moses said to him** - "Moses said to Pharaoh" -* **honor Yahweh God** - Honoring God involves obeying him and living in a way that shows how great he is. +This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. AT: "lift up my hands and pray to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# honor Yahweh God + +Honoring God involves obeying him and living in a way that shows how great he is. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/31.md b/exo/09/31.md index f0f0cc5b38..06c6e83543 100644 --- a/exo/09/31.md +++ b/exo/09/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# flax -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +This is a plant that produces fibers that can be made into linen cloth. -## translationNotes +# barley -* **flax** - a plant that produces fibers which can be made into linen cloth -* **barley** - a type of grain used for making bread; also used for cattle feed -* **spelt** - a kind of wheat +This is a type of grain used for making bread; also used for cattle feed. + +# spelt + +This is a kind of wheat. + +# spread out his hands to Yahweh + +This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:29](./29.md). AT: "lifted up his hands toward Yahweh and prayed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/34.md b/exo/09/34.md index e71ea80985..309bfdfe0f 100644 --- a/exo/09/34.md +++ b/exo/09/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# hardened his heart -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. AT: "became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Pharaoh's heart was hardened -* "became stubborn"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/11.md). AT: "Pharaoh became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/intro.md b/exo/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1bb92f7a56 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Exodus 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### + +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/01.md b/exo/10/01.md index dd40cc902d..1e365fa234 100644 --- a/exo/10/01.md +++ b/exo/10/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh speaks of making Pharaoh and his servants stubborn as if he were making their hearts hard. See how you translated "Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart" in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# various -* **for I have hardened** - AT: "for I have made his heart stubborn"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **various** - "many different" +"many different" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/03.md b/exo/10/03.md index 4719ee2f3f..6882441d4b 100644 --- a/exo/10/03.md +++ b/exo/10/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# listen -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] - -## translationNotes - -* **I will bring locusts into your land.** - Locusts are flying insects that arrive in great swarms and eat every green leaf in their path. +This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/05.md b/exo/10/05.md index 038cce7742..ea14610805 100644 --- a/exo/10/05.md +++ b/exo/10/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# hail -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Hail is raindrops that freeze while falling from the clouds. -## translationNotes +# nothing ever seen -* **hail** - Hail is raindrops that freeze while falling from the clouds. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing anyone has ever seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/07.md b/exo/10/07.md index 8230604f90..d44c645089 100644 --- a/exo/10/07.md +++ b/exo/10/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# menace -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +A "menace" is someone who brings trouble or harm. -## translationNotes +# How long will this man be a menace to us? -* **menace** - someone who brings trouble or harm -* **How long will this man be a menace to us?** - AT: "We cannot allow this man to continue to bring trouble to us!"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do you not yet realize that Egypt is destroyed?** - AT: "You should realize that Egypt is destroyed!"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Pharaoh's servants ask this question to show Pharaoh the extent of destruction in Egypt. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We cannot allow this man to continue to bring trouble to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not yet realize that Egypt is destroyed? + +Pharaoh's servants ask this question to bring Pharaoh to recognize what he refuses to see. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should realize that Egypt is destroyed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that Egypt is destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that these plagues have destroyed Egypt" or "that their God has destroyed Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/09.md b/exo/10/09.md index 0c0e990869..f2107b1d20 100644 --- a/exo/10/09.md +++ b/exo/10/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# if I ever let you go and your little ones go -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +Pharaoh says this to emphasize that he would not let Moses take the children with them to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# Then Moses and Aaron were driven out from Pharaoh's presence +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then Pharaoh drove Moses and Aaron out from his presence" or "Then Pharaoh had his servants drive Moses and Aaron out from his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/12.md b/exo/10/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 44d9c0d704..0000000000 --- a/exo/10/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/exo/10/14.md b/exo/10/14.md index 494635e448..a02e6acee9 100644 --- a/exo/10/14.md +++ b/exo/10/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# so that it was darkened -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] - -## translationNotes - -* **locusts** - Locusts are large flying insects that look like grasshoppers. They are able to destroy plants. +There were so many locusts that the land appeared to be dark. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that they darkened the land" or "so that the land appeared dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/16.md b/exo/10/16.md index 07e3ca6747..a76ece37fb 100644 --- a/exo/10/16.md +++ b/exo/10/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# this time -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"once again" -## translationNotes +# take this death away from me -* **this time** - "once again" -* **take this death away from me** - Here "death" represents the destruction that has been brought by the locusts. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "death" here refers to the destruction by the locusts of all plants in Egypt, which would eventually lead to the deaths of people because there were no crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "stop this destruction that will lead to our deaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/19.md b/exo/10/19.md index bc12aed7b4..a8a8db511b 100644 --- a/exo/10/19.md +++ b/exo/10/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# picked up the locusts -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] +"moved the locusts upwards" -## translationNotes +# Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "caused Pharaoh to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/21.md b/exo/10/21.md index 75ac2f8bda..6c1434c022 100644 --- a/exo/10/21.md +++ b/exo/10/21.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:darkness]] - -## translationNotes +# darkness that may be felt +Yahweh speaks of extreme darkness as if it is so thick that people can grasp it in their hands. This can be stated in active form. AT: "dense darkness that people can grasp with their hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/24.md b/exo/10/24.md index 0534767001..f57c137274 100644 --- a/exo/10/24.md +++ b/exo/10/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] - -## translationNotes +# not a hoof of them may be left behind +Here the word "hoof" refers to the entire animal. This can be stated in active form. AT: "we cannot leave behind a single animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/27.md b/exo/10/27.md index d772bceef5..2a28a02c1e 100644 --- a/exo/10/27.md +++ b/exo/10/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "caused Pharaoh to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he would not let them go -* **Be careful about one thing** - AT: "Make sure of one thing" or "Be certain of one thing" +"Pharaoh would not let them go" + +# Be careful about one thing + +"Make sure of one thing" or "Be certain of one thing" + +# you see my face + +Here the word "face" refers to the whole person. AT: "you see me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You yourself have spoken + +With these words, Moses emphasizes that Pharaoh has spoken the truth. AT: "What you have said is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/intro.md b/exo/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ada39bbe8a --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Exodus 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### + +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/11/01.md b/exo/11/01.md index e6c95b1121..c004de8ae6 100644 --- a/exo/11/01.md +++ b/exo/11/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# he will let you go from here -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **neighbor** - This is a person who lives near you. +Each occurrence of the word "you" in this verse is plural and refers to Moses and the rest of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/11/04.md b/exo/11/04.md index d0403b0a2d..37af3c6158 100644 --- a/exo/11/04.md +++ b/exo/11/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# midnight -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +This is the time of 12 am (at night) or 2400 hours. -## translationNotes +# All the firstborn ... the firstborn of Pharaoh ... the firstborn of the slave girl ... the firstborn of the cattle -* **midnight** - This is the time of 12 am (at night) or 2400 hours. -* **firstborn** - the child who is born first in a family +The "firstborn" always refers to the oldest male offspring. + +# who sits on his throne + +This phrase refers to Pharaoh. + +# who is behind the handmill grinding it + +"who is grinding at the handmill" or "who is behind the handmill grinding grain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/11/06.md b/exo/11/06.md index 41036a23be..c2471f8a22 100644 --- a/exo/11/06.md +++ b/exo/11/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] - -## translationNotes +# After that I will go out +This means that Moses and the people of Israel will leave Egypt. AT: "After that I will leave here" or "After that I will go out from Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/11/09.md b/exo/11/09.md index 0fe0dc7eec..6fddfa1e86 100644 --- a/exo/11/09.md +++ b/exo/11/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] - -## translationNotes - -* * -* **hardened Pharaoh's heart** - AT: "made Pharaoh refuse to change" or "made Pharaoh continue to be stubborn" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/11/intro.md b/exo/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f45f515b1f --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Exodus 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### + +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +In the previous chapters, Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demanded that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. In this chapter, the same wording is used to refer to Pharaoh "allowing" the Hebrew people to leave Egypt. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/01.md b/exo/12/01.md index 0c1bf9199a..c7b63f9109 100644 --- a/exo/12/01.md +++ b/exo/12/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# For you, this month will be the start of months, the first month of the year to you -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the month in which the events of this chapter take place will be the beginning of their calendar year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the first month of the year -* * -* **the first month of the year** - A year is made up of 12 moon cycles, and Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron to begin their year at this point in order to remember how he helped them. +The first month of the Hebrew calendar includes the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. It marks when Yahweh rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/03.md b/exo/12/03.md index bb53c37366..a548113158 100644 --- a/exo/12/03.md +++ b/exo/12/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If the household is too small for a lamb -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This means that there are not enough people in the family to eat an entire lamb. AT: "If there are not enough people in the household to eat an entire lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the man and his next door neighbor -* * -* **too small for a lamb** - AT: "too small to eat a whole cooked lamb"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here "the man" refers to the man who is the leader of the household. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/05.md b/exo/12/05.md index bc9759f2ad..4ff08a1053 100644 --- a/exo/12/05.md +++ b/exo/12/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# twilight -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +This refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light. -## translationNotes +# on the two side doorposts and on the tops of the doorframes of the houses -* **must be without blemish** - AT: "must be perfect, having no marks or scars" -* **on the two doorposts and on top of the door frame** - AT: "all around the door" or "on the sides and top of the way into the house" -* **roasting** - This means to cook over an open fire. -* **bitter herbs** - These are small plants that have a strong and usually bad taste. +"on the sides and top of the way into the house" + +# Eat it with bread made without yeast + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Eat it with bread which you have made without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bitter herbs + +These are small plants that have a strong and usually bad taste. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/09.md b/exo/12/09.md index 23eb3a7558..2bf13ff5c6 100644 --- a/exo/12/09.md +++ b/exo/12/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not eat it raw -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +"Do not eat the lamb or goat uncooked" -## translationNotes +# You must not let any of it be left over until morning -* **Do not eat it raw** - "Do not eat the lamb or goat uncooked" -* **belt** - This refers to a strip of leather or fabric for tying around the waist. -* **eat it hurriedly** - AT: "eat it quickly" or "eat it fast" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not leave any of it until the morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# belt + +This refers to a strip of leather or fabric for tying around the waist. + +# eat it hurriedly + +"eat it quickly" + +# It is Yahweh's Passover + +Here the word "it" refers to eating the animal on the tenth day of the month. AT: "This observance is Yahweh's Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/12.md b/exo/12/12.md index 46561be877..37509f22c6 100644 --- a/exo/12/12.md +++ b/exo/12/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will bring punishment on all the gods of Egypt -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:memorialoffering]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +This can be stated with a verbal form. AT: "I will punish all the gods of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# for my coming to you -* **for my coming to you** - This implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. AT: "that I will see when I come to you"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **pass over** - AT: "will not enter your house" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. AT: "that I will see when I come to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will pass over you + +The words "pass over" were a customary way of saying to not visit or enter. AT: "I will not enter your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for you, throughout your people's generations + +"for you and all the generations of your descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/15.md b/exo/12/15.md index 443176e55b..a2be345eda 100644 --- a/exo/12/15.md +++ b/exo/12/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# that person must be cut off from Israel -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "the people of Israel must send him away" or 2) "I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel" or 3) "the people of Israel must kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# an assembly that is set apart to me +This can be stated in active form. AT: "an assembly that you have set apart to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# No work will be done on these days + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will do no work on these days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# That must be the only work that may be done by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "That must be the only work that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/17.md b/exo/12/17.md index d33bf04f9c..b056712a76 100644 --- a/exo/12/17.md +++ b/exo/12/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# armed group by armed group -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +The term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. AT: "division by division" or "regiment by regiment" -## translationNotes +# twilight -* **the fourteenth day** - AT: "day 14 of the moon cycle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **twilight** - AT: "early in the evening" See how you translated this in verse 6 of [[:en:bible:notes:exo:12:05]]. -* **the twenty-first day of the month** - first day of the month** - AT: "day 21 of the moon cycle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:6](./05.md). + +# the fourteenth day in the first month + +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the twenty-first day of the month + +"the twenty-first day of the first month." This is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/19.md b/exo/12/19.md index 10913f8cb1..c2df6d8a4e 100644 --- a/exo/12/19.md +++ b/exo/12/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# no yeast must be found in your houses -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast, leaven]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there must not be any yeast in your houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# must be cut off from the community of Israel -* “you must exclude him from the community of Israel” or “will no longer belong to the community of Israel” +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "the people of Israel must send him away" or 2) "I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel" or 3) "the people of Israel must kill him." See how you translated "must be cut off from Israel" in [Exodus 12:15](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bread made without yeast + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:08](./05.md). AT: "bread which you have made without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/21.md b/exo/12/21.md index 08cd2c13f3..4ad698dd50 100644 --- a/exo/12/21.md +++ b/exo/12/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# summoned -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] +"officially called" -## translationNotes +# hyssop -* **summoned** - "officially called " -* **select** - "choose" or "pick" -* **kids ** - "young goats" -* **bunch** - " big handful" or "cluster" -* **hyssop** - This is a plant in the mint family, which is woody and used for thin twigs. -* **door frame** - This refers to the supporting sides and top around a door. +This is a plant in the mint family, which is woody and used for thin twigs. + +# the top of the doorframe and the two doorposts + +"on the sides and top of the way into the house." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:7](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/23.md b/exo/12/23.md index 94abf7042f..54c3822336 100644 --- a/exo/12/23.md +++ b/exo/12/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# pass over your door -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Yahweh will pass through** - "Yahweh will pass through Egypt" (UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **pass over your door** - This means that God will spare or have mercy on the Israelites in homes that are "covered" by blood. +Here the word "door" implies the entire house. This means that God will spare the Israelites in houses with blood on the doors. AT: "pass over your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/24.md b/exo/12/24.md index d04f048eb6..ce55e53457 100644 --- a/exo/12/24.md +++ b/exo/12/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# this event ... this act of worship -* [[en:tw:descendant]] - -## translationNotes - -* AT: “regularly celebrate” +These phrases refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/26.md b/exo/12/26.md index 7a6706b309..fa47b57553 100644 --- a/exo/12/26.md +++ b/exo/12/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He set our households free -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means that Yahweh spared the Israelites' firstborn sons. AT: "He did not kill the firstborn sons in our houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron -* **He set our households free.** - AT: "He did not kill the firstborn sons in our houses." +"everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/29.md b/exo/12/29.md index 3e6c9c4002..1ef9dfe595 100644 --- a/exo/12/29.md +++ b/exo/12/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# at midnight -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"in the middle of the night" -## translationNotes +# all the firstborn in the land of Egypt ... all the firstborn of cattle -* **at midnight** - AT: "in the middle of the night" -* **cattle** - Besides cattle, this can also mean sheep, goats, horses, and/or donkeys. (See: [[:en:obe:other:livestock]]) -* **There was loud lamenting in Egypt** - "All the Egyptians cried loudly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for there was not a house where there was not someone dead** - AT: "because in every house someone's child had died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here, "firstborn" always refers to the oldest male offspring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 11:5](../11/04.md). + +# who sat on his throne + +This refers to Pharaoh. + +# the firstborn of the person in prison + +"to the firstborn of people in prison." This refers to prisoners, in general, and not to a specific person in prison. + +# There was loud lamenting in Egypt + +This can be stated with a verbal form. AT: "All the Egyptians cried loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for there was not a house where there was not someone dead + +This double negative emphasizes the positive. AT: "because someone was dead in every house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/31.md b/exo/12/31.md index a58ee962f5..9a3c5050ba 100644 --- a/exo/12/31.md +++ b/exo/12/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# We are all dead people -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **We are all dead people** - AT: "If you do not leave quickly, we will all die!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The Egyptians use the present tense to emphasize that they will surely die if the Israelites did not leave Egypt. AT: "We will all die if you do not leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/34.md b/exo/12/34.md index 2743da01e6..3f23e4105a 100644 --- a/exo/12/34.md +++ b/exo/12/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israelites]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast]] - -## translationNotes +# Their kneading bowls were already tied up in their clothes and on their shoulders +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They had already tied up their kneading bowls in their clothes and on their shoulders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/37.md b/exo/12/37.md index c68f7a3edd..b20b0570de 100644 --- a/exo/12/37.md +++ b/exo/12/37.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Rameses -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:castout|cast out, drive out]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:succoth]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast, leaven]] +Rameses was a major Egyptian city where grain was stored. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). -## translationNotes +# They numbered about 600,000 men -* **Rameses** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:01:11]]. -* **Succoth** - This is a place name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They numbered about 600,000 men** - They counted about 600,000 men. (See: [[ en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"They numbered about six hundred thousand men." The total number of men was about 600,000. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# bread without yeast in the dough + +"bread with dough that did not contain yeast" + +# they had been driven out of Egypt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Egyptians had driven them out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 430 years + +"four hundred and thirty years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/41.md b/exo/12/41.md index f1fb157849..ccca532e81 100644 --- a/exo/12/41.md +++ b/exo/12/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# 430 years -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"four hundred and thirty years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh's armed groups -* **Yahweh's armed groups ** - All the people of Israel, or all the tribes of Israel. +This refers to the tribes of Israel. See how you translated "armed group" in [Exodus 12:17](./17.md). + +# to be observed by all the Israelites + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that all the Israelites were to observe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the Israelites throughout their people's generations + +"all the Israelites and the all the generations of their descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/43.md b/exo/12/43.md index 680ec80b4e..7e758a9aa6 100644 --- a/exo/12/43.md +++ b/exo/12/43.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# No foreigner may share in eating it -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise|circumcised]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|slave]] +The pronoun "it" refers to the Passover meal. -## translationNotes +# every Israelite's slave -* **Here is the rule ** - "These are the regulations" -* **no foreigner may share in eating it** - The pronoun "it" refers to the Passover meal. -* **every Israelites' slave** - "every Israelites' male slave" +"any slave of an Israelite" + +# bought with money + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the Israelite has bought with money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/45.md b/exo/12/45.md index f48d5a3710..e066f71fa1 100644 --- a/exo/12/45.md +++ b/exo/12/45.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The food must be eaten in one house -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Each Israelite family must eat the food in one house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# you must not break any bone of it -* **you must not break any bone of it** - AT: "you must not break any of its bones" +"you must not break any of its bones." Here the word "it" refers to the lamb which the Israelite family will eat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/47.md b/exo/12/47.md index db5ab5a4dc..eba3d4dceb 100644 --- a/exo/12/47.md +++ b/exo/12/47.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all his male relatives must be circumcised -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone must circumcise all his male relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the people who were born in the land -* **who were born in the land** - Those who are Israelites by birth. +Here the word "land" refers to Canaan. The expression "born in the land" means a person who is a native Israelite. AT: "those who are Israelites by birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# no uncircumcised person may eat + +This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "only circumcised people may eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/49.md b/exo/12/49.md index c0edd4cfc5..bcf246208d 100644 --- a/exo/12/49.md +++ b/exo/12/49.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner| foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +"everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do" -## translationNotes +# It came about -* **This same law will apply to both the native-born and to the foreigner ** - born and to the foreigner **- AT: "This same law will be for, and must be obeyed by, the native-born and the foreigner" -* *** by their armed groups** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:12:41]]. +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# by their armed groups + +The term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. See how you translated "armed group" in [Exodus 12:17](./17.md). AT: "by their divisions" or "by their regiments" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/intro.md b/exo/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..24a73acee8 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Exodus 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The events of this chapter are known as the Passover. They are remembered in the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Unleavened bread ##### +The concept of unleavened bread is introduced in this chapter. Its significance stems from its connection to the events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]]) + +##### Ethnic segregation ##### +The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unholy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/01.md b/exo/13/01.md index 12298b2994..ddaf67bd8d 100644 --- a/exo/13/01.md +++ b/exo/13/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Set apart to me ... every firstborn male -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Consecrate to me ... every firstborn male** - God requires that every firstborn male child be set apart for him. +God requires that every firstborn male child be set apart for him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/03.md b/exo/13/03.md index cfd8355eda..f1635ae654 100644 --- a/exo/13/03.md +++ b/exo/13/03.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Call this day to mind -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:honey|honey]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites|Jebusite]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|swore]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|slavery]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast]] +The words "Call ... to mind" were a customary way of telling someone to remember something. AT: "Remember and celebrate this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of slavery -* **Call this day to mind** - AT: "Remember and celebrate this day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **house of slavery** - AT: "place where you were slaves" -* **Yahweh's strong hand** - The word "hand" refers to power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **No bread with yeast may be eaten** - AT: "You must not eat bread with yeast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Abib** - This is the name of a month. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:exo:03:07]]. -* **you must observe this act of worship** - This sentence introduces what the people must do each year to worship God by remembering this day. AT: "you must worship me by doing this" or "you must have this festival." +Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. AT: "the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh's strong hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to power. See how you translated "strong hand" in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# No bread with yeast may be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not eat bread with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the month of Aviv + +This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +Since milk comes from cows and goats, "milk" represents food produced by livestock. Because honey is produced from flowers, "honey" represents food from crops. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/07.md). AT: "food from livestock and from crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you must observe this act of worship + +When the Israelites live in Canaan, they must celebrate the Passover on this day each year. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 12:25](../12/24.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/06.md b/exo/13/06.md index 95164c4918..f0734d76e7 100644 --- a/exo/13/06.md +++ b/exo/13/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast]] +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# For seven days -* Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel -* **For seven days** - AT: "For 7 days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **on the seventh day** - AT: "after six days" -* **Bread without yeast must be eaten** - AT: "You must eat bread without yeast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **no bread with yeast may be seen among you** - AT: "You may not have bread with yeast among you" -* **No yeast may be seen with you** - AT: "You may not have yeast" +"For 7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Bread without yeast must be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must eat bread without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no bread with yeast may be seen among you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You may not have any bread with yeast among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# No yeast may be seen with you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You may not have any yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# within any of your borders + +"inside any of the borders of your land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/08.md b/exo/13/08.md index 35a6e0747b..7c43c905d8 100644 --- a/exo/13/08.md +++ b/exo/13/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# On that day you are to say to your children, 'This is because of what Yahweh did for me when I came out of Egypt.' -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|reminders]] +The quotation can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "On that day you are to tell your children that this is because of what Yahweh did for you when you came out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# This will be a reminder for you on your hand, and a reminder on your forehead -* **reminder for you on your hand, and a reminder on your forehead.** - These are two different types of physical reminders so people will not forget something important. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **reminder for you on your hand** - Just as binding an object to your hand will remind you of something, this festival will be a reminder for you. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **reminder on your forehead** - Just as binding an object to your head will remind you of something, this festival will be a reminder for you. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **This is so that Yahweh's law may be in your mouth** - They are to remember this event and speak of it often. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **strong hand** - This refers to God's power. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These are two different types of physical reminders so people will not forget something important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a reminder for you on your hand + +Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their hands to remind them of what Yahweh had done. AT: "like something you tie around your hand as a reminder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a reminder on your forehead + +Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their foreheads to remind them of what Yahweh had done. AT: "like something you tie around your head as a reminder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so the law of Yahweh may be in your mouth + +The words "in your mouth" here refers to the words that they speak. AT: "so you may always be speaking of the law of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# strong hand + +The word "hand" here represents God's actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). AT: "the power I show in my works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/11.md b/exo/13/11.md index a82fafcb94..e1a68faa07 100644 --- a/exo/13/11.md +++ b/exo/13/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# when he gives the land to you -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"when he gives the land of the Canaanites to you" -## translationNotes +# Every firstborn of a donkey -* **and when he gives the land to you** - AT: "and when he gives the land of the Canaanites to you" -* **Every firstborn of a donkey...** - Israel is given a choice to kill the firstborn donkey or buy it back with a lamb. -* **each of your firstborn males among all your sons ...** - Every one in Israel who had a firstborn son, must buy him back. +Israel is given a choice to kill the firstborn donkey or buy it back with a lamb. + +# each of your firstborn males among all your sons + +Everyone in Israel who had a firstborn son, must buy him back. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/14.md b/exo/13/14.md index b10825d5b4..2971b65b25 100644 --- a/exo/13/14.md +++ b/exo/13/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When your son asks you later, 'What does this mean?' then you are to tell him -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] +The first quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "When your son asks you later what this means, then you are to tell him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# strong hand -* **strong hand** - This refers to God's power. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **house of slavery** - Just as a house of slaves contains slaves, so was Egypt housing Israel in slavery. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **firstborn of people** - AT: "firstborn sons" -* **become reminders on your hands** - Just as one would wear an object on their hand to remind them of something, the firstborn sacrifice is to remind Israel of God slaying the firstborn of the Egyptians and Israel being set free. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **become reminders on your hands, and reminders on your forehead** - This expresses two ways to remember the importance of the passover event. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and reminders on your forehead** - Just as one would wear an object on their forehead to remind them of something, the firstborn sacrifice is to remind Israel of God slaying the firstborn of the Egyptians and Israel being set free. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "hand" here represents God's actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). AT: "the power I show in my works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of slavery + +Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](./03.md). AT: "the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# become a reminder on your hands, and a reminder on your forehead + +This expresses two ways to remember the importance of the passover event. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 13:8-10](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/17.md b/exo/13/17.md index c66ab34a15..1ac96af340 100644 --- a/exo/13/17.md +++ b/exo/13/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# nearby -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] +"close to where they were located" -## translationNotes +# the people will change their minds ... and ... return to Egypt -* **nearby** - AT: "closer to where they were located" -* **the people will change their minds ... and ... return to Egypt** - Since Israel lived in slavery all their lives, they were not prepared physically or emotionally for war. They would choose to go back to slavery than fight. +Since Israelites had lived in slavery all their lives, they were more accustomed to peace than to war and would rather return to slavery than fight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/19.md b/exo/13/19.md index 5a7b96262a..31d18dbaf4 100644 --- a/exo/13/19.md +++ b/exo/13/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# camped at Etham -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:succoth]] +Etham is located south of the route heading towards the Philistines, at the border of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# pillar of cloud ... pillar of fire -* **solemnly swear** - AT: "make a very serious promise" -* **camped at Etham** - Ethan is located south of the route heading towards the Philistines, at the border of the wilderness. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **pillar of cloud ... pillar of fire** - God is with them in a cloud by day and in a fire by night. +"a cloud in the shape of a column ... fire in the shape of a column." God is with them in a cloud by day and in a fire by night. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/intro.md b/exo/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a415e0a857 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Exodus 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the instructions for the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Law ##### +The law mentioned here is not the law of Moses because it has not yet been revealed. Instead, it is a more generic "rule." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. When this chapter states that Pharaoh let the people go, it indicates that he gave them permission to leave. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/01.md b/exo/14/01.md index 89bebaf5fa..6735ba7867 100644 --- a/exo/14/01.md +++ b/exo/14/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Pi Hahiroth ... Migdol ... Baal Zephon -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israelites]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are towns on Egypt's eastern border. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# You are to camp -* **Pi Hahiroth...Migdol...Baal Zephon** - These are places on Egypt's eastern border. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **You are to camp** - God is referring to Moses and the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **They are wandering...in on them** - Pharaoh is speaking about the Israelites. +Here the word "You" is plural and refers to Moses and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Pharaoh will say about the Israelites, 'They are wandering in the land. The wilderness has closed in on them.' + +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "Pharaoh will say the Israelites are wandering in the land and the wilderness has closed in on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# The wilderness has closed in on them + +Pharaoh speaks of the wilderness as a person who has trapped the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/04.md b/exo/14/04.md index 60e40a474d..8bc9c86d36 100644 --- a/exo/14/04.md +++ b/exo/14/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Yahweh continues to instruct Moses on where to go and what Yahweh will do. -## translationNotes +# I will harden Pharaoh's heart -* Yahweh continues to instruct Moses on where to go and what Yahweh will do. -* **I** - The pronoun "I" in Verse 4 refers to Yahweh. -* **harden Pharaoh's heart** - God will cause Pharaoh to oppose God's will more strongly. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will get honor** - AT: "People will honor me" -* **The Egyptians will know that I am Yahweh.** - AT: "The Egyptians will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God." -* **had fled** - AT: "had run away" -* **"What have we done in letting Israel go free from working for us?"** - Pharaoh and his leaders quickly forgot God's judgement and want Israel back as slave labor. AT: "We have done a stupid thing by letting Israel go free from working for us." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "heart" refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "I will cause Pharaoh to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will pursue them + +"Pharaoh will pursue the Israelites" + +# I will get honor + +"People will honor me" + +# The Egyptians will know that I am Yahweh + +"The Egyptians will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" + +# So the Israelites camped as they were instructed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the Israelites camped as Yahweh had instructed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When the king of Egypt was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When someone told the king of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the king of Egypt + +This refers to Pharaoh. + +# had fled + +"had run away" + +# the minds of Pharaoh and his servants turned against the people + +Here the word "minds" refers to their attitudes towards the Israelites. AT: "Pharaoh and his servants changed their attitudes about the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What have we done in letting Israel go free from working for us? + +They asked this question to show they thought they did a foolish thing. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We have done a stupid thing by letting Israel go free from working for us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/06.md b/exo/14/06.md index 8a9afc8c94..8b2067e0c4 100644 --- a/exo/14/06.md +++ b/exo/14/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He took six hundred chosen chariots -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariots]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +"He took 600 of his best chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh -* **He took six hundred chosen chariots** - AT: "He took 600 of his best chariots". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh** - God made Pharaoh regret letting Israel leave Egypt. -* **his horsemen** - soldiers who are trained to fight while riding horses. -* **Pi Hahiroth…Baal Zephon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:14:01]]. +Here "heart" refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pi Hahiroth ... Baal Zephon + +These are towns on Egypt's eastern border. See how you translated them in [Exodus 14:02](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/10.md b/exo/14/10.md index 43374f2d6c..95fc4552e5 100644 --- a/exo/14/10.md +++ b/exo/14/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# When Pharaoh came close -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +The word "Pharaoh" here represents the entire Egyptian army. AT: "When Pharaoh and his army came close" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# they were terrified -* **Pharaoh came close** - The word Pharaoh here is used to refer to the entire Egyptian army. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and they were terrified** - AT: "and they were very afraid" -* **"Is it because there were no graves in Egypt, that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness?** - The Israelites express their frustration and fear of dying. AT: "There are plenty of graveyards in Egypt for us to be buried in. You did not have to take us into the wilderness to die!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why have you treated us like this, bringing us out of Egypt?** - The Israelites express their frustration and fear of dying. AT: "You have led us out of Egypt to be killed." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **We said to you, 'Leave us alone, so we can work for the Egyptians'** - The Israelites express their frustration and fear of dying. AT: "We told you to leave us alone so we can continue to be slaves of the Egyptians." +"the Israelites were terrified" + +# Is it because there were no graves in Egypt, that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? + +The Israelites ask this question to express their frustration and fear of dying. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There were plenty of graveyards in Egypt for us to be buried in. You did not have to take us into the wilderness to die!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why have you treated us like this, bringing us out of Egypt? + +The Israelites ask this question to rebuke Moses for bringing them to the desert to die. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have treated us like this by bringing us out of Egypt!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is this not what we told you in Egypt? + +The Israelites ask this question to emphasize that this is what they had told Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is exactly what we told you while we were in Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# We said to you, 'Leave us alone, so we can work for the Egyptians.' + +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "We told you to leave us alone, so we could work for the Egyptians." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/13.md b/exo/14/13.md index a9914e4968..c5262bdbf6 100644 --- a/exo/14/13.md +++ b/exo/14/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses said to the people -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|afraid]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|rescue]] +Moses responds to the Israelites' fears. -## translationNotes +# provide for you -* **Moses said to the people** - Moses responds to the Israelites fears. -* **for you** - pronoun "you" refers to the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **For you will never see again the Egyptians** - God is stating that he will slay the Egyptian army. AT: "The Egyptian army will not attack you again." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The pronoun "you" refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# For you will never see again the Egyptians + +Moses used a polite way of saying God was going to destroy the Egyptian army. AT: "For God will kill the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/15.md b/exo/14/15.md index 36f667984c..7d1f2abca9 100644 --- a/exo/14/15.md +++ b/exo/14/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me? -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +Moses apparently had been praying to God for help so God uses this question to compel Moses to act. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Do not call out to me any longer, Moses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# divide it in two -* **Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me?** - Moses apparently had been praying to God for help, but God told him that it was now time to act. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **divide it in two** - AT: "cut the sea into two pieces" -* **Be aware** - AT: "Know" -* **I will harden the Egyptians' hearts** - Yahweh will cause the Egyptians to continue to believe the lie that they are stronger than Yahweh. -* **…so they will go after them** - God will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that the Egyptians will follow the Israelites into the sea. -* **horsemen** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:exo:14:06]]. +"divide the sea into two parts" + +# Be aware + +"Know" + +# I will harden the Egyptians' hearts + +Here "hearts" refers to the Egyptians themselves. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "I will cause the Egyptians to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so they will go after them + +"so that the Egyptians will go into the sea after the Israelites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/19.md b/exo/14/19.md index dcbe281b42..c215f38631 100644 --- a/exo/14/19.md +++ b/exo/14/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +"the Egyptian army and the Israelite people" -## translationNotes +# so one side did not come near the other -* **the camp of Israel** - "the Israelite people" (UDB) +This means that the Egyptians and the Israelites could not approach one another. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/21.md b/exo/14/21.md index 13a711b4db..72ce626a3a 100644 --- a/exo/14/21.md +++ b/exo/14/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# east wind -* [[en:tw:water]] +An east wind originates in the east and blows towards the west. -## translationNotes +# east -* **east wind** - An east wind originates in the east and blows west. -* **east** - where the sun rises -* **on their right hand and on their left** - "on each side of them" or "on both sides of them" +where the sun rises + +# the waters were divided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh divided the waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on their right hand and on their left + +"on each side of them" or "on both sides of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/23.md b/exo/14/23.md index 22ead0afcf..ca96898960 100644 --- a/exo/14/23.md +++ b/exo/14/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He caused panic among the Egyptians -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] +Panic is when someone becomes so afraid that they cannot think normally. -## translationNotes +# Their chariot wheels were clogged -* **He caused panic among the Egyptians** - Panic is when someone becomes so afraid that they cannot think normally. -* **Their chariot wheels were clogged** - "Their chariot wheels were getting stuck in the mud," +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Mud clogged their chariot wheels" or "Their chariot wheels were getting stuck in the mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/26.md b/exo/14/26.md index 7261fd4621..d14672f306 100644 --- a/exo/14/26.md +++ b/exo/14/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh said to Moses, "Reach out with your hand ... and their horsemen." +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "Yahweh told Moses to reach out with his hand over the sea so that the waters would come back onto the Egyptians, their chariots, and their horsemen." -## translationNotes +# come back onto -* **come back onto** - "fall on" -* **Yahweh drove the Egyptians** - "Yahweh pushed the Egyptians" or "Yahweh threw the Egyptians" +"fall on" + +# The Egyptians fled into the sea + +Since the sea was closing in on top of the Egyptians, instead of escaping, they were actually running right into the water. + +# Yahweh drove the Egyptians + +"Yahweh pushed the Egyptians" or "Yahweh threw the Egyptians" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/29.md b/exo/14/29.md index faacd0a059..4f4b1b6e2f 100644 --- a/exo/14/29.md +++ b/exo/14/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Each of the occurrences of "Israel" refer to the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" or "the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the hand of the Egyptians -* **out of the hand of the Egyptians** - "from the Egyptians" -* **on the seashore** - "on the land along the edge of the sea" +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "from the Egyptians' power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on the seashore + +"on the land along the edge of the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/intro.md b/exo/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a9ec7c256 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Exodus 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is an important event in the history of Israel, known as the "parting of the Sea of Reeds." + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### + +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +##### Pharaoh's chariots ##### +These chariots were a fighting force. Pharaoh took an army to kill the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +The Israelites asked a few rhetorical questions of Moses. These questions were not really directed at Moses, but at Yahweh. This showed their lack of faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/01.md b/exo/15/01.md index 5133a4a552..8423cda7b4 100644 --- a/exo/15/01.md +++ b/exo/15/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +This is a song about the events that happened in [Exodus 14:26-28](../14/26.md). -## translationNotes +# he has triumphed gloriously -* 28]]. -* **rider** - This is a person seated upon a horse or traveling in a chariot. +It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. AT: "he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea + +Moses sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. AT: "he has made the sea cover over the horse and rider" or "he has made the horse and rider drown in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the horse and its rider + +This refers to all or many of the Egyptian horses and riders that were chasing the Israelites. AT: "the horses and their riders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# rider + +This is a person who sits on a horse or travels in a chariot that a horse is pulling. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/02.md b/exo/15/02.md index 8c0784a9a0..020f29849a 100644 --- a/exo/15/02.md +++ b/exo/15/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh is my strength -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh is the one who gives me strength" or 2) "Yahweh is the strong one who protects me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# song -* **Yahweh is my strength and song ** - This means that God is powerful and worthy of praise. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **warrior** - God powerfully fights our enemies and is victorious. +Moses calls Yahweh his song because Yahweh is the one he sings about. AT: "the one I sing about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has become my salvation + +Moses calls God his salvation because God saved him. AT: "he has saved me" or "he is the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh is a warrior + +Moses calls God a warrior because God powerfully fought against the Egyptians and won. AT: "Yahweh is like a warrior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/04.md b/exo/15/04.md index 622cdf1e50..a8eb5283e1 100644 --- a/exo/15/04.md +++ b/exo/15/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He has thrown Pharaoh's chariots and army into the sea -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +Moses sings about God causing the sea to cover Pharaohs chariots and army as if God had thrown them into the sea. AT: "he has made the sea cover over Pharaoh's chariots and army" or "He has made Pharaoh's chariot riders and army drown in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they went down into the depths like a stone -* **down into the depths like a stone** - The Egyptians sank in the water like a stone or rock. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Just as a stone does not float but sinks to the bottom of the sea, the enemy soldiers sank to the bottom of the sea. AT: "they went down into the deep water like a stone sinking to the bottom of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/06.md b/exo/15/06.md index b4b3ec16e7..308574acb6 100644 --- a/exo/15/06.md +++ b/exo/15/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Your right hand, Yahweh, is glorious in power -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Moses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to God's power or the things God does powerfully. AT: "Yahweh, your power is glorious" or "Yahweh, what you do is glorious in power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# your right hand, Yahweh, has shattered the enemy -* **shattered** - This means damaged very badly. -* **it consumed them like stubble.** - AT: "it destroyed them like a fire burns up straw." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **By the blast of your nostrils** - AT: "You blew on the sea and" (UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Moses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to God's power. AT: "Yahweh, your power has shattered the enemy" or "Yahweh, by your power you have shattered the enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has shattered the enemy + +Moses speaks of the enemy as if it were fragile and could be shattered like glass or pottery. AT: "has completely destroyed the enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who rose up against you + +Rebelling against God is spoken of as rising up against him. AT: "those who rebelled against you" or "your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You sent out your wrath + +Moses speaks of God's wrath as if it were a servant that God sent out to do something. AT: "You showed your wrath" or "You acted according to your wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# it consumed them like stubble + +Moses speaks of God's wrath as if it were fire that could completely burn up things. His enemies were completely destroyed like stubble in a fire. AT: "it completely destroyed your enemies like a fire that burns up straw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# By the blast of your nostrils + +Moses speaks of God as if God had a nose, and he speaks of the wind as if God blew the wind from his nose. AT: "You blew on the sea and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/09.md b/exo/15/09.md index 60c4ab7d21..fc92163347 100644 --- a/exo/15/09.md +++ b/exo/15/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my desire will be satisfied on them -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This can be expressed with an active form. AT: "I will satisfy my desire on them" or "I will take all I want from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# my hand will destroy them -* **my desire will be satisfied on them;** - AT: I will satisfy my desire on them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **sank like lead in the mighty waters.** - Lead is a heavy metal, commonly used to make things sink in water. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Who is like you, Yahweh, among the gods?** - AT: "O Yahweh, no one is like you among the gods!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The enemies speak of destroying the Israelites by the power of their hands as if it were their hands that would destroy them. AT: "I will destroy them with my hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But you blew with your wind + +Moses spoke about God making the wind blow as if God blew the wind through his nose or mouth. AT: "But you made the wind blow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sank like lead in the mighty waters + +Lead is a heavy metal that is commonly used to make things sink in water. The word "lead" here is used to show how fast God's enemies were destroyed. AT: "sank as fast as lead in the deep turbulent waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Who is like you, Yahweh, among the gods? + +Moses uses this question to show how great God is. AT: "O Yahweh, no one is like you among the gods!" or "Yahweh, none of the gods is like you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who is like you, ... doing miracles? + +Moses uses this question to show how great God is. AT: No one is like you. No one is majestic in holiness as you are, no one is honored in praises as you are, and no one does miracles as you do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/12.md b/exo/15/12.md index f39840e487..f4acb46311 100644 --- a/exo/15/12.md +++ b/exo/15/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# with your right hand -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +The phrase "right hand" represents the strong power of God. AT: "with your strong power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You reached out with your right hand -* **with your right hand** - The "right hand" represents the power of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and the earth swallowed them.** - This refers to God sending the enemies of Israel into the world of the dead. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Moses speaks about God causing something to happen as if God reached out with his hand. AT: "With your strong power you made it happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the earth swallowed them + +Moses personifies the earth as if it could swallow or devour with it's mouth. AT: "the earth devoured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/14.md b/exo/15/14.md index c370b25821..35bc025de6 100644 --- a/exo/15/14.md +++ b/exo/15/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# tremble -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] +This means to shake because you are afraid. -## translationNotes +# terror will seize the inhabitants of Philistia -* **tremble** - This means to shake because you are afraid. -* **the inhabitants of Canaan will melt away** - AT: "Those who live in Canaan will faint." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Moses speaks of terror as if it were a person that could forcefully grab hold of someone and make them extremely afraid. AT: "the inhabitants of Philistia will be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# will melt away + +Moses speaks of people becoming weak from their fear as melting away. AT: "will be weak from fear" or "will be afraid and faint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/16.md b/exo/15/16.md index 25f393def6..7e16f95b9d 100644 --- a/exo/15/16.md +++ b/exo/15/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Moses continues to sing about how the people of other nations will feel when they see God's people. -## translationNotes +# Terror and dread will fall on them -* **Terror and dread will fall on them** - AT: "They will be terrified and fearful" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **dread** - Dread is extreme fear or anxiety about something that is going to happen or might happen. +These two words mean that fear will come upon them. AT: "Fear will come upon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# dread + +Dread is extreme fear or anxiety about something that is going to happen or might happen. + +# Because of your arm's power + +God's arm represents his great strength. AT: "Because of your great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will become as still as a stone + +Possible meanings are 1) "They will be silent like stone" or 2) "They will be motionless as stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/17.md b/exo/15/17.md index a59bf989b1..dd2e68503b 100644 --- a/exo/15/17.md +++ b/exo/15/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You will bring them -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Where God would bring them can be stated clearly. Since Moses was not already in Canaan, some languages would use "take" rather than "bring." AT: "You will take your people to Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## translationNotes +# plant them on the mountain -* **plant them** - AT: "put them" or "place them firmly"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **mountain of your inheritance** - This refers to God's promise to live among them. +Moses speaks about God giving his people the land to live in as if they were a tree that God was planting. AT: "settle them on the mountain" or "let them live on the mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mountain of your inheritance + +This refers to Mount Zion in the land of Canaan. + +# of your inheritance + +Moses speaks about God promising to give his people the mountain forever as if he were giving it to them as an inheritance. AT: "that you have given them as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that your hands have built + +The phrase "your hands" refers to God's power. AT: "that you have built by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/19.md b/exo/15/19.md index e8a563bc37..a176fe4322 100644 --- a/exo/15/19.md +++ b/exo/15/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Miriam ... Aaron -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Miriam was the older sister of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# tambourine -* **Miriam ... Aaron** - Miriam was the older sister of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **tambourine** - This is a small drum with metal rattles on it. -* **triumphed gloriously** - "triumphed gloriously over his enemies" (UDB); (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is a musical instrument like a small drum that also has pieces of metal around the side that make a sound when shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# he has triumphed gloriously + +It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](./01.md). AT: "he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The horse and his rider he has thrown into the sea + +Miriam sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](./01.md). AT: "He has made the horse and rider drown in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/22.md b/exo/15/22.md index 8773dcba25..a8d03a76b8 100644 --- a/exo/15/22.md +++ b/exo/15/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses led Israel -* [[en:tw:desert]] +The word "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "Moses led the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# wilderness of Shur ... Marah -* **Moses led Israel** - AT: "Moses led the Israelite people"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the Red Sea** - Today this body of water is the Gulf of Suez. -* **wilderness of Shur ... Marah** - We do not know the exact locations of these places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +We do not know the exact locations of these places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/24.md b/exo/15/24.md index 8f65533b4d..ffce6bf0bf 100644 --- a/exo/15/24.md +++ b/exo/15/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# complained to Moses and said -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"were unhappy and told Moses" or "angrily told Moses" -## translationNotes +# the voice of Yahweh your God -* **complained to Moses** - AT: "were unhappy and told Moses" or "angrily told Moses" -* **do what is right in my eyes** - This means to do the things that are right according to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh is speaking about his own voice. His voice represents what he says. AT: "my voice" or "what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do what is right in his eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "do what Yahweh considers to be right"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will put on you none of the diseases + +God speaks of causing people to have diseases as putting diseases on them. AT: "I will not cause any of you to have the diseases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/27.md b/exo/15/27.md index 2ff6250168..0e448bdc76 100644 --- a/exo/15/27.md +++ b/exo/15/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Elim -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This is an oasis in the desert, a place with water and shade trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# twelve -* **Elim** - This is an oasis in the desert (a place with water and shade trees). -* **twelve** - AT: "12" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **seventy** - AT: "70" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy + +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/intro.md b/exo/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..529507adc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 15:1-18, 21, which are songs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's laws ##### +In this chapter, Moses talks about Yahweh's laws. The law of Moses is about to be introduced. Although it has not yet been formally introduced, this is what is being referenced in this chapter in anticipation of the revelation of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/01.md b/exo/16/01.md index 64315196bd..d86c3e8782 100644 --- a/exo/16/01.md +++ b/exo/16/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# wilderness of Sin -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "Sin" here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word "sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# on the fifteenth day of the second month -* **on the fifteenth day of the second month** - AT: "on day 15 of the second month"; See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **The whole community of Israelites complained** - AT: "Almost all of the Israelite people complained" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **complained** - This means to say that you are unhappy about something or do not like it. -* **If only we had died by Yahweh's hand"** - AT: "If only Yahweh had killed us" +This time coincides with the end of April and the beginning of May on Western calendars. AT: "on day 15 of the second month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# The whole community of Israelites + +"All the Israelites." This is a generalization. Moses and Aaron did not complain. AT: "The Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# complained + +"were angry and spoke" + +# If only we had died + +This is a way of saying that they wished that they had died. AT: "We wish that we had died" + +# by Yahweh's hand + +The phrase "Yahweh's hand" represents Yahweh's action. AT: "by Yahweh's action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/04.md b/exo/16/04.md index 1c3bae3fd5..3934707ef4 100644 --- a/exo/16/04.md +++ b/exo/16/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I will rain down bread from heaven for you -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +God speaks of food coming down from heaven as if it were rain. AT: "I will make bread come down from heaven like rain" or "I will make bread fall to you from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# bread -* **I will rain down bread from heaven for you** - AT: "I will send you food from the sky." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **walk in my law** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **It will come about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **on the sixth day** - AT: "on day 6"; (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **twice** - AT: "two times" or "2 times"; (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +God speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. AT: "food" or "food like bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walk in my law + +God speaks of obeying his law as walking in it. AT: "obey my law" or "live according to my law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my law + +"my command" + +# It will come about on the sixth day, that they + +"It will happen on the sixth day that they" or "On the sixth day they" + +# on the sixth day + +"on day 6" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twice + +"two times" or "2 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/06.md b/exo/16/06.md index 9bf30351a4..9634c07e3f 100644 --- a/exo/16/06.md +++ b/exo/16/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Who are we for you to complain against us? -* [[en:tw:glory]] +Moses and Aaron used this question to show the people that it was foolish to complain against them. AT: "We are not powerful enough for you to complain against us." or "It is foolish to complain against us, because we cannot do what you want." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# bread -* **Who are we for you to complain against us?** - AT: "Your argument is not with us, but with God!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who are Aaron and I?** - AT: "Aaron and I did not bring you out of Egypt. God did it!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Moses speaks of the food that God will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](./04.md). AT: "food" or "food like bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who are Aaron and I? + +Moses used this question to show the people that he and Aaron did not have the power to give them what they wanted. AT: "Aaron and I cannot give you what you want." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Your complaints are not against us; they are against Yahweh + +The people were complaining against Moses and Aaron, who were Yahweh's servants. So by complaining against them, the people were really complaining against Yahweh. AT: Your complaints are not really against us; they are against Yahweh, because we are his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/09.md b/exo/16/09.md index d05f942328..a70bb8be1a 100644 --- a/exo/16/09.md +++ b/exo/16/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. The important event here is the people seeing Yahweh's glory. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# behold -* **It came about** - This is a way of marking a new part of the story. If you have a way of doing this in your own language, you may use it. AT: "It happened that" -* **behold** - The word “behold” in verse 10 alerts us to pay special attention to the information that follows. -* **Then you will know that I am Yahweh, your God** - AT: "Then you will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God." +The word "behold" here shows that the people saw something interesting. + +# bread + +God speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](./04.md). AT: "food" or "food like bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/13.md b/exo/16/13.md index fb5baaa580..57e0a2fe0b 100644 --- a/exo/16/13.md +++ b/exo/16/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about ... that -* [[en:tw:bread]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the events. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# quails -* **It came about ... that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **quail** - This is a small plump bird. +These are small, plump birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# like frost + +The original readers knew what frost is like, so this phrase would help them understand what the flakes were like. Frost is frozen dew that forms on the ground. It is very fine. AT: "that looked like frost" or "that was fine like frost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# bread + +Moses speaks of the food that God sent as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](./04.md). AT: "food" or "food like bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/16.md b/exo/16/16.md index fdb3217160..ff6f995007 100644 --- a/exo/16/16.md +++ b/exo/16/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Moses continues telling the people about the food that God was providing for them. -## translationNotes +# omer -* **omer** - AT: "two liters"; (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/19.md b/exo/16/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index cc667c5b25..0000000000 --- a/exo/16/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:angry]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no Translation Notes for this section. diff --git a/exo/16/22.md b/exo/16/22.md index ee55cc57c4..2aaa8224c1 100644 --- a/exo/16/22.md +++ b/exo/16/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jewishleaders]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. Verses 16:22-30 tell about what the people did concerning the manna on the sixth and seventh days of the week. If your language has a way for marking this as a new part of the story, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# on the sixth day -* -* **sixth day** - AT: "on day 6"; (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **twice** - AT: "two times" or "2 times"; (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **solemn** - AT: "serious" or "quiet and thoughtful" +"on day 6" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twice + +"two times" or "2 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# bread + +This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning. + +# solemn + +"serious" or "quiet and thoughtful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/24.md b/exo/16/24.md index f48dc5d1a9..1748af5f64 100644 --- a/exo/16/24.md +++ b/exo/16/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# did not become foul -* [[en:tw:honor]] +"did not smell rotten" -## translationNotes +# today is a day reserved as a Sabbath to honor Yahweh -* **become foul** - "smell rotten" -* **today is a day reserved as a Sabbath to honor Yahweh** - AT: "today is a Sabbath and is to be used only for honoring Yahweh" +"today is a Sabbath and is to be used only for honoring Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/26.md b/exo/16/26.md index 03cef88704..9b2cdf6718 100644 --- a/exo/16/26.md +++ b/exo/16/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# but the seventh day -* [[en:tw:manna]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +"but on day seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# manna -* **but the seventh day** - AT: "but on day seven"; (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **none** - AT: "nothing" +This was the name the Israelites gave to the bread that Yahweh caused to appear for them each morning. + +# they found none + +"they did not find any manna" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/28.md b/exo/16/28.md index 67ae490a97..43a6725a0f 100644 --- a/exo/16/28.md +++ b/exo/16/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh speaks to Moses, but the word "you" refers to the people of Israel in general. -## translationNotes +# How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws? -* **sixth day ... two days ... seventh day** - AT: "day 6 ... 2 days ... day 7"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +God used this question to scold the people because they did not obey his laws. AT: "You people still do not keep my commandments and laws!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to keep my commandments and my laws + +"to obey my commandments and my laws" + +# Yahweh has given you the Sabbath + +Yahweh speaks about teaching people to rest on the Sabbath as if the Sabbath were a gift. AT: "I, Yahweh, have taught you to rest on the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sixth day ... two days ... seventh day + +"day 6 ... 2 days ... day 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# bread + +This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/31.md b/exo/16/31.md index e13b926dee..9ed7e6af0c 100644 --- a/exo/16/31.md +++ b/exo/16/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# manna -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:manna]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This was the name the Israelites gave to the bread that Yahweh caused to appear for them each morning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 16:26](./26.md). -## translationNotes +# coriander seed -* **coriander seed** - Coriander is also known as cilantro. This seed is a spice when dried. -* **wafer** - This is a very thin biscuit. -* **omer** - This is an amount that is equal to 2 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +Coriander is also known as cilantro. People dry the seeds and grind them into a powder and put it in food to give it flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# wafers + +very thin biscuits or crackers + +# omer + +"2 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# bread + +This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/33.md b/exo/16/33.md index 81a423fcee..f641a648a5 100644 --- a/exo/16/33.md +++ b/exo/16/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now an omer is a tenth of an ephah -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] +An omer and an ephah are both containers for measuring volume. The original readers would have known how much an ephah was. This sentence would help them know how much an omer was. For languages that do not use fractions, this can be reworded. AT: "Now ten omers equal one ephah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## translationNotes +# an omer -* **omer** - AT: "two liters" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **ephah** - This is an amount that is equal to 20 liters. +"two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/intro.md b/exo/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d587cf4def --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Exodus 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Complaints ##### +The Israelites complained about the amount of food Yahweh gave them, even when he miraculously provided their food for them. This is intended to show their ungratefulness and their sinful view of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Prohibition against storing food ##### +The people were not allowed to store the food, called manna, they were provided with. This is because they were to trust in Yahweh to provide for their needs every day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Sabbath ##### +This is the first recorded celebration of the Sabbath rest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +##### Ark of the covenant ##### +Although the covenant has not yet been made, it is referenced in [Exodus 16:34](./33.md). This is probably done either in anticipation of the building of the ark or as an editorial comment made by Moses after these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Wilderness of Sin ##### +Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/01.md b/exo/17/01.md index 739e3ab8ca..ada352aa72 100644 --- a/exo/17/01.md +++ b/exo/17/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# wilderness of Sin -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "Sin" here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word "sin." See how you translated this in [Exodus 16:1](../16/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Rephidim -* **wilderness of Sin** - We do not know the exact locations of these places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Rephidim** - This means "the resting place," a place to rest on long journeys through the wilderness. -* **Why do you test Yahweh?** - AT: "You should not test Yahweh!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **To kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?** - AT: "You only brought us out here to kill us and our children and cattle because we had no water to drink!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This means "the resting place," a place to rest on long journeys through the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test Yahweh? + +Moses uses these questions to scold the people. AT: "You should not quarrel with me! You should not test Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# To kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst? + +The people use this question to accuse Moses of wanting to kill them. AT: "You only brought us out here to kill us and our children and cattle by not letting us have any water to drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/04.md b/exo/17/04.md index 2034a4c403..566b7f256a 100644 --- a/exo/17/04.md +++ b/exo/17/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Massah -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +a place in the desert whose name means "testing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Meribah -* **What should I do with this people?** - AT: "I do not know how to deal with these people!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Massah** - A place in the desert whose name means testing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Meribah** - A place in the desert whose name means complaining. +a place in the desert whose name means "complaining" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/08.md b/exo/17/08.md index fa2e11b36a..ace2df923e 100644 --- a/exo/17/08.md +++ b/exo/17/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Rephidim -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +This was the name of a place in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# So Joshua fought Amalek -* **Hur** - Hur was a friend of Moses and Aaron. -* **So Joshua fought Amalek** - AT: "So the Israelites fought the Amalekites"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Joshua represents himself and the Israelites that he led into battle. AT: "So Joshua and the men he chose fought against the Amalekites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Hur + +Hur was a friend of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/11.md b/exo/17/11.md index 505ebbf578..e008b02c24 100644 --- a/exo/17/11.md +++ b/exo/17/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel was winning ... Amalek would begin to win -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The words "Israel" and "Amalek" represent the fighters from those groups. AT: "the Israelite fighters were winning ... the Amalekite fighters would begin to win" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# hands became heavy -* **Israel was winning ... Amalek would begin to win** - AT: "the Israelites were winning ... the Amalekites would begin to win." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **with the sword** - AT: "in battle." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The author writes of Moses' arms becoming tired as if his hands became heavy. AT: "arms became tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with the sword + +The sword represents battle. AT: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/14.md b/exo/17/14.md index 76b7bfa66b..8e46b0620b 100644 --- a/exo/17/14.md +++ b/exo/17/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will completely blot out the memory of Amalek -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God speaks of destroying Amalek as if he were removing people's memory of Amalek. When a group of people is completely destroyed, there is nothing to remind people about them. AT: "I will completely destroy Amalek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a hand was lifted up -* **blot out** - AT: "remove" or "erase" -* **the memory of Amalek** - AT: "the memory of the Amalekites"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Yahweh has sworn that he will have war with Amalek** - AT: "Yahweh has promised that he will have war against the Amalekites forever." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +People would raise their hand when they made a promise or pledge, so raising the hand represents making a promise. AT: "a promise was made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a hand was lifted up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh lifted up his hand" or "Yahweh made a solemn promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Amalek + +This refers to the Amalekites. AT: Amalekites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/intro.md b/exo/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e176461e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Exodus 17 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince people of their sin. Likewise, the people's rhetorical question showed their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Wilderness of Sin ##### +Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/01.md b/exo/18/01.md index 1f02ffcb90..412f8cf304 100644 --- a/exo/18/01.md +++ b/exo/18/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses' father-in-law -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jethro]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the father of the wife of Moses. -## translationNotes +# took Zipporah, Moses' wife ... and her two sons -* **Moses' father-in-law** - in-law** - This refers to the father of Moses' wife. -* **Gershom** - This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means "foreigner." -* **Eliezer** - This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means "God is the one who helps me." +Possible meanings are 1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or 2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons. + +# after he had sent her home + +This is something Moses had done earlier. The full meaning of the can be made explicit. AT: "after Moses had sent her home to her parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Gershom + +This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means "foreigner." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eliezer + +This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means "God is the one who helps me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pharaoh's sword + +This represents being killed by Pharaoh or Pharaoh's army. AT: "being killed by Pharaoh" or "being killed by Pharaoh's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/05.md b/exo/18/05.md index 143ef38bf9..687d3bf80f 100644 --- a/exo/18/05.md +++ b/exo/18/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# where he was camped -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:jethro]] -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes - -* **where he was camped** - AT: "where he camped with the Israelites"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where he camped with the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/07.md b/exo/18/07.md index 6a2b974d9e..2a689ecd7b 100644 --- a/exo/18/07.md +++ b/exo/18/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# bowed down, and kissed him -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These symbolic acts were the normal way that people showed great respect and devotion in that culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# for Israel's sake -* **and kissed him** - AT: "and kissed him on the cheek." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **for Israel's sake** - AT: "in order to help the Israelite people"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "Israel" represents the Israelite people. AT: "in order to help the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the hardships that had come to them + +Moses writes of hardships happening to them as if hardships had come to them. AT: "all the hardships that had happened to them" or "all the hardships they had experienced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/09.md b/exo/18/09.md index 5a7e712247..267a040817 100644 --- a/exo/18/09.md +++ b/exo/18/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the hand of the Egyptians ... the hand of Pharaoh -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this section. +The hand represents the power of someone to do something. AT: "the power of the Egyptians ... the power of Pharaoh" or "what the Egyptians were doing to you ... what Pharaoh was doing to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/12.md b/exo/18/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index d4213cf2b8..0000000000 --- a/exo/18/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this section. diff --git a/exo/18/13.md b/exo/18/13.md index fc47239df6..8d128ac42d 100644 --- a/exo/18/13.md +++ b/exo/18/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# What is this that you are doing with the people? -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Jethro uses this question to show Moses that what he was doing was not good. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not be doing all of this for the people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why is it that you sit alone ... from morning until evening? -* **What is this that you are doing with the people?** - AT: "You should not be doing all of this for the people?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why is it that you sit alone ... morning until evening?"** - AT: "You cannot do all of the judging by yourself while the other people just stand around you all day!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jethro used this question to show Moses that he was doing too much. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not sit alone ... from morning till evening!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you sit alone + +The word "sit" here is a metonym for "judge." Judges would sit while they listened to people's complaints. AT: "you judge alone" or "you are the only one who judges the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/15.md b/exo/18/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8011cb7709..0000000000 --- a/exo/18/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this section. diff --git a/exo/18/17.md b/exo/18/17.md index 98ba09782f..0fea14408a 100644 --- a/exo/18/17.md +++ b/exo/18/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You will surely wear yourselves out -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"you will surely make yourselves very tired" -## translationNotes +# This burden is too heavy for you -* **wear out yourself** - This means to get very tired. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **burden is too heavy for you** - This means that the work is too much for you to do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **advice** - "guidance" or "instruction" -* **You must show them the way to walk** - AT: "You must show them how to live"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Jethro speaks of the hard work that Moses is doing as if it were a physical burden that Moses was carrying. AT: "This work is too much for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# advice + +"guidance" or "instruction" + +# God will be with you + +Jethro speaks of God helping Moses as if God would be with Moses. AT: "God will help you" or "God will give you wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you bring their disputes to him + +Jethro speaks of Moses telling God about their disputes as if Moses were bringing their disputes to God. AT: "`you tell God about their disputes" or "you tell God what they are arguing about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You must show them the way to walk + +Jethro speaks of living or behaving like walking. AT: "You must show them how to live" or "You must show them how to behave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/21.md b/exo/18/21.md index b76876728d..c54d611868 100644 --- a/exo/18/21.md +++ b/exo/18/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Jethro continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# Furthermore, you must choose -* **thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens** - AT: "groups of 1,000, groups of 100, groups of 50, and groups of 10"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **routine cases** - "the simple cases" -* **endure** - AT: "endure the stress of the work"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"In addition, you must choose" or "You must also choose" + +# You must put them over people + +Jethro speaks of giving them authority over people as putting them over people. AT: You must give them authority over people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. AT: "leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people" or 2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. AT: "leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# routine cases + +"the simple cases" + +# the difficult cases they will bring to you + +Jethro speaks of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. AT: "the difficult cases they will tell you about" or "when there are difficult cases, they will tell you about them so you can judge them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will carry the burden with you + +Jethro speaks of the hard work that they would do as if it were a burden that they would carry. AT: "they will do the hard work with you" or "they will help you do the hard work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# endure + +What they will endure can be stated clearly. AT: "endure the stress of the work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/24.md b/exo/18/24.md index ab7af913b9..7098621984 100644 --- a/exo/18/24.md +++ b/exo/18/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# heads over the people -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +Moses writes of the leaders of people as if they were the head of a body. AT: "leaders of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# capable men -* **heads over the people** - This means that they became leaders over the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **circumstances** - "situations" -* **capable** - "able" +What they were capable of doing can be stated clearly. AT: "men who were able to lead" or "men who were able to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. AT: "leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people" or 2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. AT: "leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups" See how you translated this in [Exodus 18:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# circumstances + +"situations" + +# The difficult cases they brought to Moses + +The author writes of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. AT: "the difficult cases they told Moses about" or "when there were difficult cases, they told Moses about them so that he would judge them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the small cases + +"the easy cases" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/intro.md b/exo/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..65344eebb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Leadership lessons ##### +Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/01.md b/exo/19/01.md index 6dae4e4f65..dc7526061a 100644 --- a/exo/19/01.md +++ b/exo/19/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# In the third month ... on the same day -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:sinai|Sinai, Mount Sinai]] +This means they arrived at the wilderness on the first day of the month just as they left Egypt on the first day of the month. The first day of the third month on the Hebrew calendar is near the middle of May on Western calendars. AT: "In the third month ... on the first day of the month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# had gone out from -* **had gone out** - AT: had left -* **Rephidim ** - This is an area on the edge of the wilderness of Sinai where the people of Israel had been camping. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"had left" + +# Rephidim + +This is an area on the edge of the wilderness of Sinai where the people of Israel had been camping. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:1](../17/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/03.md b/exo/19/03.md index 7f6f2e00f1..fe92ae22c6 100644 --- a/exo/19/03.md +++ b/exo/19/03.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Jacob -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "house" here represents Jacob's family and descendants. AT: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Jacob, the people of Israel -* **the house of Jacob, the people of Israel** - The house of Jacob is the same as the people of Israel. -* **You have seen** - The word "you" here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. -* **I carried you on eagles' wings** - This shows that God cared for his people while they traveled. AT: "I helped you travel like an eagle that carries her babies on her wings." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]].) -* **obediently listen to my voice** - AT: "listen to what I say and obey me" -* **keep my covenant** - AT: "do what my covenant requires you to do" -* **special possession** - "treasure" +The phrase "the people of Israel" explains what "the house of Jacob" means. + +# You have seen + +The word "you" here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I carried you on eagles' wings + +God speaks of caring for his people while they traveled as if he were an eagle and carried them on his wings. AT: "I helped you travel like an eagle that carries her babies on her wings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# obediently listen to my voice + +Obediently can be expressed as a verb. AT: "listen to my voice and obey me" + +# my voice + +God's voice represents what he says. AT: "what I say" or "my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# keep my covenant + +"do what my covenant requires you to do" + +# special possession + +"treasure" + +# a kingdom of priests + +God speaks of his people as if they were priests. AT: "a kingdom of people who are like priests" or "a kingdom of people who do what priests do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/07.md b/exo/19/07.md index cb06415a34..aab28bd3a0 100644 --- a/exo/19/07.md +++ b/exo/19/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# set before them all these words -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] +The author writes of Moses telling people things as if he were setting the words before them. AT "told them all these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# all these words that Yahweh had commanded him -* **set before them all these words** - AT: "told them all these words." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Moses came to report** - AT: "Moses went back to report" +"all that Yahweh had commanded him" + +# Moses came to report + +Where Moses went can be stated explicitly. AT: "Moses went back up the mountain to report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the people's words + +The word "words" refers to what the people said. AT: "what the people said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/10.md b/exo/19/10.md index 67c574c2d8..7cd556f709 100644 --- a/exo/19/10.md +++ b/exo/19/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you must set them apart to me -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify|sanctify, sanctification]] +This probably means "tell them to dedicate themselves to me" or "tell them to purify themselves for me." -## translationNotes +# garments -* **you must consecrate** - AT: "you must tell them to set themselves apart" -* **prepare them for my coming** - The people are to prepare themselves for God's coming by purifying themselves. -* **garments** - "clothes" +"clothes" + +# Be ready + +This was a command to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/12.md b/exo/19/12.md index 5f68844164..c43ec818e5 100644 --- a/exo/19/12.md +++ b/exo/19/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:stone|stone, stoning]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# set boundaries -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **set bounds** - "build a barrier" or "put up a fence" or "mark a border" -* **Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to death** - AT: "You must surely kill any person who touches the mountain." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Whoever touches ** - "Any person who touches" or "Anyone who touches" -* **such a person** - "a person who does that" or "a person who touches the mountain" -* **he must certainly be stoned or shot** - AT: "You must certainly stone or shoot him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **shot** - This refers to killing someone by shooting arrows from a bow or stones from a slingshot. -* **a long blast** - "a long, loud sound" +"make a boundary." This was either a mark or some kind of barrier. + +# Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to death + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "You must surely put to death any person who touches the mountain" or "You must surely kill anyone who touches the mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whoever touches + +"Any person who touches" or "Anyone who touches" + +# such a person + +"a person who does that" or "a person who touches the mountain" + +# he must certainly be stoned or shot + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must certainly stone or shoot him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shot + +This refers to being killed by someone who shoots arrows from a bow or stones from a slingshot. + +# a long blast + +"a long, loud sound" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/14.md b/exo/19/14.md index 9f799841e1..e1871683e9 100644 --- a/exo/19/14.md +++ b/exo/19/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# do not go near your wives -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] - -## translationNotes - -* **do not go near your wives** - AT: "do not sleep with your wives" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is a polite way of talking about sleeping with their wives. AT: "do not sleep with your wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/16.md b/exo/19/16.md index 81141ba943..e6bea51633 100644 --- a/exo/19/16.md +++ b/exo/19/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# trembled -* [[en:tw:sinai]] +"shook with fear" -## translationNotes +# descended -* **trembled** - "shook with fear" -* **descended** - "came down" -* **like the smoke of a furnace** - This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. AT: “like the smoke from a very large fire” -* **furnace** - an oven that can be made extremely hot +"came down" + +# like the smoke of a furnace + +This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. AT: "like the smoke from a very large fire" + +# furnace + +an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/19.md b/exo/19/19.md index 5bd20e93e2..3e9c3d959f 100644 --- a/exo/19/19.md +++ b/exo/19/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# grew louder and louder -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] +"continued to become louder and louder" -## translationNotes +# in a voice -* **grew louder and louder** - "continued to become louder and louder" -* **he summoned Moses** - "he commanded Moses to come up" -* **to break through** - This means to cross a barrier to get to another place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "voice" here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are 1) "by speaking loudly like thunder" or 2) "by speaking" or 3) "by causing thunder to sound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he summoned Moses + +"he commanded Moses to come up" + +# not to break through + +God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated "set bounds" in [Exodus 19:12](./12.md). AT: "not to go beyond the boundary" or "not to go through the barrier"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/23.md b/exo/19/23.md index d0117e6f33..2cad9e14a4 100644 --- a/exo/19/23.md +++ b/exo/19/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# get down -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] +"go down" -## translationNotes +# break through the barrier -* **get down** - "go down" +God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 19:21](./19.md). AT: "go beyond the boundary" or "go through the barrier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/intro.md b/exo/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ded109e8f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Exodus 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "A kingdom of priests" ##### +The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Revealing the Law ##### +The events of this chapter are concerned with preparing the people to receive the law of Moses. The people go through all of this to prepare themselves for the law, which show the great importance of this event for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/01.md b/exo/20/01.md index 119f2f29e1..68459c6e21 100644 --- a/exo/20/01.md +++ b/exo/20/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# house of slavery -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"place where you were slaves" -## translationNotes +# You must have no other gods before me -* **house of slavery** - "place where you were slaves" -* **You must have no other gods before me** - "You must not worship any other gods but me" +"You must not worship any other gods but me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/04.md b/exo/20/04.md index 7bb92b9cc9..052f0be5b1 100644 --- a/exo/20/04.md +++ b/exo/20/04.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# nor the likeness -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|commandment]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved figure]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous, jealousy]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:like|like, likeness]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"and you must not make the likeness" -## translationNotes +# You must not bow down to them or worship them -* **nor the likeness** - AT: "and you must not make the likeness" -* **bow down to them or worship them** - The word "them" refers to carved figures, or idols. -* **jealous** - God wants his people to worship only him. -* **punish ancestors' wickedness by bringing punishment on the descendants** - God will punish people for the sin of their parents. -* **I show covenant faithfulness to thousands** - AT: "because of my covenant, I am faithful to thousands" or "I faithfully love thousands" -* **thousands of those** - "many generations of those" +The word "them" refers to carved figures or idols. + +# jealous + +God wants his people to worship only him. + +# punish the ancestors' wickedness by bringing punishment on the descendants + +God will punish people for the sin of their parents. + +# the third and the fourth generation + +"the 3rd and the 4th generation." Here "third" and "fourth" are ordinal numbers for "3" and "4." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# I show covenant faithfulness to thousands of those who love me + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "I faithfully love thousands of those who love me" or "I am faithful to the covenant with thousands of those who love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to thousands of those who love me + +The word "thousands" is a metonym for a number too many to count. AT: "forever to those who love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/07.md b/exo/20/07.md index 42f3da5ec7..7342641b84 100644 --- a/exo/20/07.md +++ b/exo/20/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# take the name of Yahweh your God -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:vain|vain]] +"use the name of Yahweh your God" -## translationNotes +# in vain -* **take the name of me** - "use my name" -* **in vain** - "carelessly" or "without proper respect" or "for wrong purposes" -* **I will not hold guiltless** - "I will certainly consider guilty" or "I will certainly punish" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"carelessly" or "without proper respect" + +# I will not hold guiltless + +This double-negative can be stated as a positive. AT: "I will certainly consider guilty" or "I will certainly punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/08.md b/exo/20/08.md index 0aa1288b59..a5d8fda06f 100644 --- a/exo/20/08.md +++ b/exo/20/08.md @@ -1,29 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# do all your work -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:labor|labor, laborer]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +"do all your usual duties" -## translationNotes +# within your gates -* **to keep it holy** - This shows that the Sabbath day is dedicated to God. -* **reserved for me** - This is a day God claims for His own. -* **do all your work** - "do all your usual duties" -* **within your gates** - "within your community" or "inside your city." Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **blessed the Sabbath day** - Possible meanings are that 1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or 2) God said that the Sabbath day was good. -* **consecrated it** - "set it apart for a special purpose" +Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. AT: "within your community" or "inside your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on the seventh day + +"on day seven." Here "seventh" is the ordinal number for "7." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# blessed the Sabbath day + +Possible meanings are that 1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or 2) God said that the Sabbath day was good. + +# set it apart + +"set it apart for a special purpose" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/12.md b/exo/20/12.md index 6080fbf834..bc0ae99d23 100644 --- a/exo/20/12.md +++ b/exo/20/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not commit adultery -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +"You must not have sex with anyone other than your spouse" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/15.md b/exo/20/15.md index d4dceaab22..29e124b225 100644 --- a/exo/20/15.md +++ b/exo/20/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# must not give false testimony -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:envy|envy, covet]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"must not speak a false report" or "must not tell lies about someone" -## translationNotes +# must not covet -* **must not give false testimony** - "must not speak a false report" or "most not tell lies about someone" -* **must not covet** - "must not strongly want to have" or "must not want to take" +"must not strongly want to have" or "must not want to take" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/18.md b/exo/20/18.md index fcf3fa3032..d0ed28a778 100644 --- a/exo/20/18.md +++ b/exo/20/18.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# voice -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:test|test]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +"sound" -## translationNotes +# the mountain smoking -* **voice** - "sound" -* **the mountain smoking** - AT: "smoke coming from the mountain" -* **they trembled ** - "they shook with fear" -* **stood far off** - "stood far away" or "stood at a distance" (ULB) -* **so that the honor of him may be in you, and so that you do not sin ** - AT: "so that you will honor him and not sin." -* **approached** - "went closer to" +"smoke coming from the mountain" + +# they trembled + +"they shook with fear" + +# stood far off + +"stood far away" or "stood at a distance" + +# so that the honor of him may be in you, and so that you do not sin + +"so that you will honor him and not sin" + +# approached + +"went closer to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/22.md b/exo/20/22.md index ebeef876fc..79ad53d881 100644 --- a/exo/20/22.md +++ b/exo/20/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This is what you must tell the Israelites -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"Tell the Israelites this" -## translationNotes +# You yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven -* **This is what you must tell the Israelites** - "Tell the Israelites this" -* **You yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven** - "You have heard me speak to you from heaven" -* **You will not make for yourselves other gods alongside me** - "You must not make idols as other gods instead of me" -* **gods of silver or gods of gold** - "gods made out of silver or gold" or "idols made out of silver or gold" +"You have heard me speak to you from heaven" + +# You will not make for yourselves other gods alongside me + +"You must not make idols as other gods instead of me" + +# gods of silver or gods of gold + +"gods made out of silver or gold" or "idols made out of silver or gold" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/24.md b/exo/20/24.md index 6a529c8a89..ec7ca555c0 100644 --- a/exo/20/24.md +++ b/exo/20/24.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# earthen altar -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram]] +an altar made of materials from the ground, such as stone, soil, or clay -## translationNotes +# cause my name to be honored -* **earthen altar** - an altar made of materials from the ground, such as stone, soil, or clay -* **cause my name to be honored** - AT: "cause you to honor my name." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You must not go up by steps to my altar** - "Do not make an altar that has steps" -* **exposing your private parts** - "showing your naked body" +Here "name" is a metonym for God's being. This can be stated in active form. AT: "choose for you to honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You must not go up by steps to my altar + +"Do not make an altar that has steps" + +# exposing your private parts + +"showing your naked body" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/intro.md b/exo/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa62c03483 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The instructions recorded in this chapter are commonly known as the "ten commandments." + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant ##### +Yahweh's covenant faithfulness is now based on the covenant he made with Abraham as well as the covenant he is making with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/01.md b/exo/21/01.md index 6421415557..8b9d8e7e94 100644 --- a/exo/21/01.md +++ b/exo/21/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# you must set before them -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **you must set before them** - "you must give them" or "you must tell them" +"you must give them" or "you must tell them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/02.md b/exo/21/02.md index 512cfbaa45..a608240a98 100644 --- a/exo/21/02.md +++ b/exo/21/02.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew|Hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] +Yahweh tells Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# If he came by himself, he must go free by himself -* Yahweh tells Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **by himself** - "alone" or "as an unmarried man" or "without a wife" -* **if he is married** - "if he was married when he became a slave" or "if he came as a married man" +What "by himself" means can be stated clearly. Some languages require that the additional condition, that he marries while a slave, be stated clearly. AT: "If he became a slave while he had no wife, and if he marries while he is a slave, the master need only free the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by himself + +"alone" or "without a wife" + +# if he is married + +"if he was married when he became a slave" or "if he came as a married man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/05.md b/exo/21/05.md index 45c9359b1b..ed663d7ab8 100644 --- a/exo/21/05.md +++ b/exo/21/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# plainly says -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"clearly says" -## translationNotes +# I will not go out free -* **plainly says** - "clearly says" -* **go out free** - "go free" -* **bore his ear through** - "put a hole in his ear" -* **awl** - a pointed tool used to make a hole -* **for the rest of his life** - AT: "until the end of his life" or "until he dies" +"I do not want my master to set me free" + +# bore his ear through + +"put a hole in his ear" + +# awl + +a pointed tool used to make a hole + +# for life + +"until the end of his life" or "until he dies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/07.md b/exo/21/07.md index 30dcfdb2df..a8caf17b59 100644 --- a/exo/21/07.md +++ b/exo/21/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# has designated -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] +"has chosen" -## translationNotes +# he must let her be bought back -* **has designated** - "has chosen" -* **he must let her be bought back** - AT: "he must allow her father to buy her back." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **has no right to sell** - "has no authority to sell." AT: "is not permitted to sell" or "must not sell" (UDB) -* **he has treated her deceitfully** - AT: "he has deceived her and her father" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must allow her father to buy her back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# has no right to sell + +"has no authority to sell" + +# he has treated her deceitfully + +"he has deceived her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/09.md b/exo/21/09.md index 43575b8f9f..4624cc266d 100644 --- a/exo/21/09.md +++ b/exo/21/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# designates +"chooses" -## translationNotes +# he must not diminish her food, clothing, or her marital rights -* **designates** - "chooses" -* **diminish** - "take away" or "reduce" or "lessen" or "deprive her of" -* **diminish her food** - The word "her" refers to the first wife. -* **marital rights** - This refers to the things the husband must do for the wife, including sleeping with her. +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "he must give the first wife the same food, clothing, and marital rights she had before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# diminish + +"take away" or "reduce" + +# or her marital rights + +This includes things that a husband must do for his wife, including sleeping with her. AT: "and he must continue to sleep with her as before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/12.md b/exo/21/12.md index 34acdce32c..387867a128 100644 --- a/exo/21/12.md +++ b/exo/21/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# strikes -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +"hits" or "attacks" -## translationNotes +# that person must surely be put to death -* **strikes** - "hits" of "attacks" -* **surely** - "certainly" -* **be put to death** - "be killed" -* **did not do it with premeditation** - AT: "did not plan and then do it" or "did not do it on purpose" -* **I will fix a place to where he can flee** - "I will appoint a place that he can run away to." The purpose can be stated clearly by adding "in order to be safe." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **willfully attacks his neighbor to kill him deceitfully** - "murders his neighbor" -* **must take him** - The word "him" refers to the one who killed his neighbor. -* **so that he may die** - "so that you can kill him" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must certainly execute that person" or "you must certainly kill that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# did not do it with premeditation + +"did not plan to do it" or "did not do it on purpose" + +# I will fix a place to where he can flee + +The purpose of choosing a place can be stately clearly here. AT: "I will choose a place that he can run away to be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# according to a cunning plan + +"after thinking carefully about it" + +# must take him + +The word "him" refers to the one who killed his neighbor. + +# so that he may die + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that you can kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/15.md b/exo/21/15.md index 4e600997a6..8c08761fcb 100644 --- a/exo/21/15.md +++ b/exo/21/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to death -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death" or "You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# must surely -* **Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to death** - AT: "If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death" or "You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **must surely** - "must certainly" -* **in his possession** - "with him" +"must certainly" + +# in his possession + +"with him" + +# that kidnapper must surely be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must certainly kill that kidnapper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must surely kill anyone who curses his father or his mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/18.md b/exo/21/18.md index 10f47b2017..3349842215 100644 --- a/exo/21/18.md +++ b/exo/21/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# is confined to his bed -* [[en:tw:guilt]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "cannot get out of bed" or "has to stay in bed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# recovers -* **is confined to his bed** - AT: "cannot get out of bed" or "has to stay in bed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **recovers** - "gets better" -* **staff** - "walking stick" -* **the loss of his time** - This refers to a situation where he cannot work to earn money. AT: "the time he could not work" -* **complete recovery** - "medical costs" or "costs for healing" (UDB) +"gets better" + +# staff + +This is a stick that can be leaned on for support while walking. + +# the loss of his time + +This refers to a situation when someone cannot work to earn money. You can express this clearly in the translation. AT: "the time he could not work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pay for his complete recovery + +"pay his medical costs" or "pay for his costs for healing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/20.md b/exo/21/20.md index a7cc4a7be3..633f677bff 100644 --- a/exo/21/20.md +++ b/exo/21/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# as a result of the blow -* [[en:tw:punish]] +"because of the injury" or "because his master hit him" -## translationNotes +# that man must surely be punished -* **as a result of the blow** - "because of the injury" or "because he was hit" -* **that man must surely be punished** - AT: "you must certainly punish that man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for he will have suffered the loss of the servant** - "because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must certainly punish that man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for he will have suffered the loss of the servant + +You can express clearly in the translation that the servant was valuable to his master. AT: "because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/22.md b/exo/21/22.md index 46e2bf70e1..1344e74dc8 100644 --- a/exo/21/22.md +++ b/exo/21/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# she miscarries -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] +"her baby dies in her womb" or "her baby is born too soon and dies" -## translationNotes +# the guilty man must surely be fined -* **she miscarries** - "her baby dies in her womb" or "her baby is born too soon and dies" -* **the guilty man must surely be fined** - AT: "you must certainly fine the guilty man" or "the guilty man must pay a fine" or "the guilty man must pay money" -* **as the judges determine** - "what the judges decide" -* **you must give a life for life, an eye for eye** - This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. AT: "he must give his life for her life, his eye for her eye" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must certainly fine the guilty man" or "the guilty man must pay a fine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as the judges determine + +"what the judges decide" + +# you must give a life for a life, an eye for an eye + +This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. AT: "he must give his life for her life, his eye for her eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/26.md b/exo/21/26.md index 6c6cd39a50..df53189a58 100644 --- a/exo/21/26.md +++ b/exo/21/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If a man +Here "man" refers to the owner of a slave. -## translationNotes +# in compensation -* **in compensation** - "as payment." Compensation is what someone does for another person or gives to another person to make up for what he has caused that person to lose. +"as payment." Compensation is what someone does for another person or gives to another person to make up for what he has caused that person to lose. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/28.md b/exo/21/28.md index 4aa5c03b92..61c29bb8bb 100644 --- a/exo/21/28.md +++ b/exo/21/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# gores -* [[en:tw:acquit]] -* [[en:tw:acquit|acquit]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +"injures with its horns" -## translationNotes +# the ox must surely be stoned -* **gores** - "injures with its horns" -* **the ox must surely be stoned** - AT: "you must stone the ox to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **its flesh must not be eaten** - AT: "you must not eat its flesh" -* **the ox's owner must be acquitted** - AT: "you must acquit the ox's owner" -* **its owner also must be put to death** - "its owner also must be killed" or "its owner also must die" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must stone the ox to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its flesh must not be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must not eat its flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the ox's owner must be acquitted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must acquit the ox's owner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its owner also must be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must also kill its owner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If a payment is required for his life + +If the ox's owner can pay a fine to save his own life, then he must pay whatever the judges decide. The full meaning of this can be stated clearly. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "if the owner of the bull can pay a fine to save his own life, he must pay the full amount that the judges say that he must pay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/31.md b/exo/21/31.md index f928d26de1..5b3574d788 100644 --- a/exo/21/31.md +++ b/exo/21/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# has gored -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +"has injured with its horns" -## translationNotes +# thirty shekels of silver -* **has gored** - "has injured with its horns" -* **thirty shekels of silver** - "330 grams of silver." A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **the ox must be stoned** - AT: "you must kill the ox by stoning it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"330 grams of silver." A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# the ox must be stoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must kill the ox by stoning it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/33.md b/exo/21/33.md index 36581b83df..118dbcc50d 100644 --- a/exo/21/33.md +++ b/exo/21/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# opens a pit -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] +"uncovers a hole in the ground" or "takes a cover off a hole in the ground" -## translationNotes +# repay the loss -* **opens a pit** - "uncovers a hole in the ground" or "takes a cover off a hole in the ground" -* **repay the loss** - AT: "pay the owner for the dead animal" -* **will become his** - AT: "will belong to the owner of the pit" +The owner must be paid for the loss of his animal. AT: "pay the owner for the dead animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will become his + +The one who paid for the loss of the animal will become the owner of the dead animal and can do what he wants with it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "will belong to the owner of the pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/35.md b/exo/21/35.md index 91a821633d..b71e4a044c 100644 --- a/exo/21/35.md +++ b/exo/21/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# divide its price +"divide the money" or "divide the money they receive" -## translationNotes +# if it was known -* **divide its price** - "divide the money" or "divide the money they receive" -* **if it was known** - AT: "if people knew" or "if the owner knew" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a habit of goring in time past** - AT: "had gored other nameless before" -* **he must surely pay ox for ox** - "the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if people knew" or "if the owner knew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a habit of goring in time past + +"had gored other animals before" + +# its owner has not kept it in + +This means that the owner did not keep his ox securely inside a fence. This can be clearly stated in the translation. AT: "its owner did not keep it inside a fence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he must surely pay ox for ox + +The owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/intro.md b/exo/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..894c4ce1b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Exodus 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant with Moses ##### +Although the covenant Yahweh made with Moses began in the previous chapter, it formally begins with the statement, "Now these are the decrees that you must set before them." The law of Moses was a major part of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Slavery ##### +This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. However, it does impose some restrictions on the practice. + +##### Justice in society ##### +The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/01.md b/exo/22/01.md index a9a48b8ad3..5a19f0f7f3 100644 --- a/exo/22/01.md +++ b/exo/22/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# If a thief is found -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **If a thief is found** - "If anyone finds a thief" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **breaking in** - "using force to come into a house" -* **if he is struck so that he dies** - "if anyone strikes the thief so that he dies" -* **in that case no guilt for murder will attach to anyone on his account** - AT: "no one will be guilty of murdering him" -* **if the sun has risen before he breaks in** - "if it is light before he breaks in" or "if it happens after sunrise" -* **guilt for murder will attach to the person who kills him** - AT: "the person who kills him will be guilty of murder" -* **make restitution** - "pay for what he stole" -* **he must be sold for his theft** - "he must be sold as a slave in order to pay for what he stole" -* **If the stolen animal is found alive in his possession** - "If they find that he still has the animal that he stole" -* **pay back double** - pay two animals for every animal that he took +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If anyone finds a thief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# breaking in + +"using force to come into a house" + +# if he is struck so that he dies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if anyone strikes the thief so that he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no guilt for murder will attach to anyone on his account + +"no one will be guilty of murdering him" + +# if the sun has risen before he breaks in + +"if it is light before he breaks in" or "if he breaks in and it is after sunrise" + +# guilt for murder will attach to the person who kills him + +"the person who kills him will be guilty of murder" + +# make restitution + +"pay for what he stole" + +# he must be sold for his theft + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "you must sell him as a slave in order to pay for what he stole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If the stolen animal is found alive in his possession + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If they find that he still has the live animal that he stole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# pay back double + +pay two animals for every animal that he took \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/05.md b/exo/22/05.md index 1bd50d5835..c71321fee7 100644 --- a/exo/22/05.md +++ b/exo/22/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# If a man grazes his livestock -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +"If a man lets his animals eat plants" -## translationNotes +# it grazes -* **If a man grazes his livestock** - "If a man let's his animals eat plants" -* **it grazes** - "it eats plants" -* **he must make restitution** - AT: "he must pay back the owner of that field" +"it eats plants" + +# he must make restitution + +"he must pay back the owner of that field" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/06.md b/exo/22/06.md index 53ea436c5b..363f3ceb31 100644 --- a/exo/22/06.md +++ b/exo/22/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# If a fire breaks out and spreads in thorns -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] +"If someone starts a fire and it spreads in thorns" -## translationNotes +# spreads in thorns -* **a fire breaks out** - "a fire starts" -* **spreads in thorns** - "moves along the ground through dry plants" -* **stacked grain** - grain that has been cut and tied in bundles. AT: "bundled grain" or "harvested grain" -* **standing grain** - grain that has not been cut. This refers to grain that is still growing or is ready to be harvested. -* **is consumed** - "is destroyed" or "is burned up" -* **must surely make restitution** - "must certainly pay for what was burned up" +"moves along the ground through dry plants" + +# stacked grain + +This is grain that has been cut and tied in bundles. "bundled grain" or "harvested grain" + +# standing grain + +This is grain that has not been cut, but it is ready to be harvested. + +# a field is consumed + +"fire consumes a field" or "fire destroys a field" + +# must surely make restitution + +"must certainly pay for the grain that the fire destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/07.md b/exo/22/07.md index 529ff47e00..58f704e899 100644 --- a/exo/22/07.md +++ b/exo/22/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# for safe keeping -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition|judge]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] +"to watch over it" or "to keep it safe" -## translationNotes +# if it is stolen -* **for safe keeping** - "to watch over it" or "to keep it safe" -* **if it is stolen** - "if someone steals it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **thief** - someone who steals something -* **if the thief is found** - "if you find the thief" -* **come before the judges to see whether** - "come before the judges so that they can find out if" -* **has put his own hand on his neighbor's property** - "has stolen his neighbor's property" -* **the claim of both parties must come before the judges** - The judges must listen to both people who claim that the item belongs to them and the judges will decide who is guilty. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone steals it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# thief + +someone who steals something + +# if the thief is found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if you find the thief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# come before the judges to see whether + +"come before the judges so that they can find out if" + +# has put his own hand on his neighbor's property + +This is an idiom. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you can use it here. AT: "has stolen his neighbor's property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the claim of both parties must come before the judges + +The judges must listen to both people who claim that the item belongs to them and the judges will decide who is guilty. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/10.md b/exo/22/10.md index ec8d37d332..f8f9416ee2 100644 --- a/exo/22/10.md +++ b/exo/22/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# an oath to Yahweh must be taken by them both -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Only the man who is accused of stealing the animal must swear the oath. The owner of the lost animal must accept the oath that has been sworn. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man who was caring for the animal must swear an oath before Yahweh and the owner must accept that oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# But if it was stolen from him -* -* **an oath to Yahweh must be taken by them both** - Only the man who is accused of stealing the animal must swear the oath (see UDB). The owner of the lost animal must accept the oath that has been sworn (see UDB). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But if someone stole the animal from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If an animal was torn in pieces + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But if a wild beast tore the animal in pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will not have to pay for what was torn + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will not have to pay for the animal that the wild beast destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/14.md b/exo/22/14.md index 5b66ca9ec9..eddcef2121 100644 --- a/exo/22/14.md +++ b/exo/22/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# must surely make restitution +"must certainly repay with another animal" or "must certainly pay the owner for the animal" -## translationNotes +# if the animal was hired -* **must surely make restitution** - "must certainly repay with another animal" or "must certainly pay the owner for the animal" -* **animal was hired** - "animal was rented" -* **hiring fee** - "rental fee" or "money paid to rent the animal" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone rented the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will be paid for by its hiring fee + +The one who borrowed the animal will not have to pay the owner anything more than the hiring or rental fee. This fee will pay for the loss of the animal. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "the money that someone paid to rent the animal will cover the loss of the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# hiring fee + +"rental fee" or "money paid to rent the animal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/16.md b/exo/22/16.md index 3e73a072a4..ab394e3247 100644 --- a/exo/22/16.md +++ b/exo/22/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# seduces -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +"persuades" -## translationNotes +# not engaged -* **seduces** - "persuades" -* **not engaged** - "not promised to be married" -* **bride wealth** - "dowry" or "bride price" -* **him, he** - These pronouns refer back to the man who seduced the virgin. +"not promised to be married" + +# if he sleeps with her + +Sleeping with someone is a euphemism for having sex. AT: "if he has sex with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# bride wealth + +"dowry" or "bride price" + +# him, he + +These pronouns refer back to the man who seduced the virgin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/18.md b/exo/22/18.md index a8e32a25eb..7e7fcf9009 100644 --- a/exo/22/18.md +++ b/exo/22/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever sleeps with a beast must surely be put to death -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Whoever sleeps with a beast must surely be put to death** - AT: "You must certainly kill anyone who sleeps with an animal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "sleeps with a beast" is a euphemism that means someone has sex with an animal. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must certainly kill anyone who has sex with an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/20.md b/exo/22/20.md index d48d2d7718..2c3fffceed 100644 --- a/exo/22/20.md +++ b/exo/22/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh must be completely destroyed -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh, you must completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# wrong a foreigner -* **must be utterly destroyed** - AT: "you must completely destroy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **wrong a foreigner** - "mistreat a foreigner" or "cheat a foreigner" +"mistreat a foreigner" or "cheat a foreigner" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/22.md b/exo/22/22.md index 18d217ae2a..ff853fc8cd 100644 --- a/exo/22/22.md +++ b/exo/22/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not mistreat any widow or fatherless child -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "You must treat all widows and fatherless children fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# widow -* **You must not mistreat any widow or fatherless child** - AT: "You must treat all widows and fatherless children fairly." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **widow** - "woman whose husband has died" -* **fatherless child** - "orphan" or "child with no parents" +"woman whose husband has died" + +# fatherless child + +"orphan" or "child with no parents" + +# I will kill you with the sword + +To be killed "with the sword" is a metonym that means a person will die violently, or perhaps fighting in a war. AT: "you will die a violent death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/25.md b/exo/22/25.md index 96feca2e0a..c2899d212e 100644 --- a/exo/22/25.md +++ b/exo/22/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# a moneylender -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] +"one who lends money" -## translationNotes +# charge him interest -* **a moneylender** - "one who lends money" -* **charge him interest** - "charge him extra money for borrowing" or "charge him extra money for the loan" -* **garment in pledge** - "coat as collateral" or "coat as a guarantee to repay the loan" -* **only covering** - "only coat" or "only garment to keep him warm" -* **What else can he sleep in** - AT: "He will have nothing to wear while he sleeps!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **compassionate** - "merciful" or "gracious" +"charge him extra money for borrowing" or "charge him extra money for the loan" + +# garment in pledge + +"coat as collateral" or "coat as a guarantee to repay the loan" + +# only covering + +"only coat" or "only garment to keep him warm" + +# What else can he sleep in? + +This question adds emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. AT: "He will have nothing to wear while he sleeps!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# compassionate + +"merciful" or "gracious" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/28.md b/exo/22/28.md index a13f249ee6..09c487b11a 100644 --- a/exo/22/28.md +++ b/exo/22/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not blaspheme me, God -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +"Do not insult God" or "Do not speak evil about God" -## translationNotes +# nor curse a ruler -* **You must not blaspheme me, God** - "Do not insult God" -* **nor curse a ruler** - "and do not ask God to do bad things to a ruler" +"and do not ask God to do bad things to a ruler" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/29.md b/exo/22/29.md index e424d89f0b..12203c458c 100644 --- a/exo/22/29.md +++ b/exo/22/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not hold back offerings -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "You must bring all of your offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# give to me the firstborn of your sons -* **You will not hold back offerings** - AT: "You must not fail to bring all of your offerings" or "You must bring all of your offerings"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **give to me the firstborn of your sons** - AT: "dedicate your firstborn sons to me" -* **do the same with** - AT: "dedicate to me the firstborn of" -* **For seven days** - AT: "for 7 days after they are born"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the eighth day** - AT: "day number 8" -* **give them to me** - "dedicate them to me" +"dedicate your firstborn sons to me" + +# do the same with + +"dedicate to me the firstborn of" + +# For seven days + +This can be written as a numeral. AT: "For 7 days after they are born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the eighth day + +This can be written as a numeral. AT: "day number 8" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# give them to me + +"dedicate them to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/intro.md b/exo/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05c55705a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 22 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice in society ##### +The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the people's desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/01.md b/exo/23/01.md index 8191a4c72f..3fb3d60ea7 100644 --- a/exo/23/01.md +++ b/exo/23/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness|false report]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# dishonest witness -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **dishonest witness** - This is the same as a lying or false witness. -* **nor may you** - "and you must also not" -* **bear witness ** - "tell a story” or “speak a report” -* **siding with the crowd** - AT: "doing what the crowd wants" or "agreeing with the majority" -* **pervert justice** - This refers to illegal or immoral actions that result in a unjust ruling. +This is the same as a lying or false witness. + +# nor may you bear witness + +"and you also must not speak" + +# siding with the crowd + +This is a metaphor that describes one's agreeing with a group of people as if he actually walked over and stood with that group. AT: "doing what the crowd wants" or "agreeing with the majority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pervert justice + +do illegal or immoral actions that result in a unjust ruling \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/04.md b/exo/23/04.md index 0337dcec67..8e6d8751b0 100644 --- a/exo/23/04.md +++ b/exo/23/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* No Translator Notes. +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/06.md b/exo/23/06.md index 85ecc5d0ed..388a3a2bca 100644 --- a/exo/23/06.md +++ b/exo/23/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acquit]] -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|egypt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|justice]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You must not pervert justice -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* This refers to actions that produce an improper legal result. It can result in either freedom for a guilty person or punishment of the innocent. -* **it should go** - In this phrase, "it" refers to proper justice, a correct decision. -* **lawsuit** - "dispute" -* **acquit the wicked ** - "find the wicked not guilty" -* **bribe blinds ... perverts** - "discredits" or "undermines"; (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the life of a foreigner** - "the kind of life a stranger lives in a foreign land (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"You must not do actions that produce an improper legal result" that results in either freedom for a guilty person or punishment of the innocent. + +# it should go + +In this phrase, "it" refers to proper justice, a correct decision. + +# lawsuit + +"dispute" + +# I will not acquit the wicked + +"I will not find the wicked not guilty" or "I will not say of wicked people that they are innocent" + +# bribe blinds ... perverts + +Here a "bribe" is described as if it were a person. AT: "bribe discredits ... undermines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the life of a foreigner + +"the kind of life a stranger lives in a foreign land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/10.md b/exo/23/10.md index 5d1b1a662c..4b0adb49df 100644 --- a/exo/23/10.md +++ b/exo/23/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# produce -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **produce** - "food products from plants" -* **unplowed** - AT: "uncultivated" or "untilled" or "untouched" -* **fallow** - AT: "in its natural state" or "unused for production" -* **so that the poor among your people may eat** - The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated that year. +"food products from plants" + +# unplowed + +"uncultivated" or "untilled" + +# fallow + +"in its natural state" or "unused for production" + +# so that the poor among your people may eat + +The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "so the poor among your people may harvest and eat any food that grows on its own in that field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/12.md b/exo/23/12.md index 2c7c513187..8f128e3a08 100644 --- a/exo/23/12.md +++ b/exo/23/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Pay attention to -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **Pay attention** - "Listen well" -* **your ox and your donkey** - AT: "your work animals" -* **Do not mention the names of other gods, nor let their names be heard from your mouth.** - AT: UDB. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"Do" or "Obey" + +# your ox and your donkey + +"your work animals" + +# any foreigner may rest and be refreshed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "any foreigner may rest and regain his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mention the names of other gods + +This represents praying to other gods. AT: "pray to other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/14.md b/exo/23/14.md index 9ceef635b7..74abb932fd 100644 --- a/exo/23/14.md +++ b/exo/23/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Aviv -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **Abib** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:13:03]]. -* **appear before me empty handed** - AT: "come to me without a proper offering" +This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:4](../13/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# not appear before me empty-handed + +Here understatement is used to emphasize that the Israelites must bring a suitable offering to Yahweh. AT: "come to me without a proper offering" or "always bring an offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/16.md b/exo/23/16.md index 91af287d69..690f3c5913 100644 --- a/exo/23/16.md +++ b/exo/23/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You must observe -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **You must observe** - "You must honor" or "You must celebrate" -* **Festival of Ingathering** - This refers to the final harvesting of all the crops for the year. +"You must honor" or "You must celebrate" + +# Festival of Ingathering + +This festival celebrated the final harvesting of all the crops for the year. + +# All your males must appear before the Lord Yahweh + +Here to "appear" means to gather for worship. AT: "All the men must gather to worship the Lord Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/18.md b/exo/23/18.md index 7301334237..31a7d2d0e4 100644 --- a/exo/23/18.md +++ b/exo/23/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# fat from the sacrifices -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **fat from the sacrifices** - The fat was burned as an offering to Yahweh and was never eaten. -* **the choicest first fruits ** - "the best first fruits" +The fat was burned as an offering to Yahweh and was never eaten. + +# the choicest firstfruits + +"the best and first produce of the harvest" + +# You must not boil a young goat in its mother's milk + +This was a magical fertility practice among the Canaanites, which the Israelites were not permitted to participate in. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/20.md b/exo/23/20.md index 9346ec40cc..3b1fa10861 100644 --- a/exo/23/20.md +++ b/exo/23/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Be attentive to him -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **Be attentive to him** - "Listen to him" or "Obey him" -* **Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon** - AT: "If you provoke him, he will not pardon" -* **My name is on him** - Here "name" refers to God's authority (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **If you indeed obey his voice** - AT: "If you carefully obey what he says" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"Listen to him" + +# Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon + +"If you provoke him, he will not pardon" + +# My name is on him + +Here "name" refers to God's authority. AT: "He has my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If you indeed obey his voice + +Here "voice" represents what the angel says. AT: "If you carefully obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/23.md b/exo/23/23.md index a88798ee00..884aab91e5 100644 --- a/exo/23/23.md +++ b/exo/23/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You must not ... do as they do -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **do as they do** - "do the same things as the people who worship those gods" +The Israelites must not live as the people who worship other gods. AT: "You must not ... live as the people who worship those gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will bless your bread and water + +This is a merism that means food and drink. AT: "he will bless your food and drink" or "he will bless you by giving you food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# he will bless ... I will remove + +Yahweh switched between the first and third pronoun to refer to himself. Here both "he" and "I" refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/26.md b/exo/23/26.md index 98be7a3e7d..934a4c5a3c 100644 --- a/exo/23/26.md +++ b/exo/23/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Canaan]] -* [[en:tw:Hittite]] -* [[en:tw:Hivite]] -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your land -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your land** - AT: "Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **miscarry** - to have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly -* **hornets** - a flying insect that can sting people and cause pain -* **or the land would become abandoned** - "because there would not be anyone living in the land" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# miscarry + +to have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly + +# hornets + +a flying insect that can sting people and cause pain + +# or the land would become abandoned + +"because no one would be living in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/30.md b/exo/23/30.md index 168c5fb78a..bf54dc72e5 100644 --- a/exo/23/30.md +++ b/exo/23/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# this will surely become a trap for you -* Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -* **this will surely become a trap for you** - This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to ruin like an animal caught in a hunter's trap. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to certain destruction as if they were an animal caught in a hunter's trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/intro.md b/exo/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..913798e553 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Exodus 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice in society ##### +The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Celebrations of feasts and festivals ##### +The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/01.md b/exo/24/01.md index d9c61bcdc2..2b048a802b 100644 --- a/exo/24/01.md +++ b/exo/24/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Nadab ... Abihu -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are men's names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# seventy of Israel's elders -* **Nadab, Abihu** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:exo:06:23]]. -* **seventy of Israel's elders** - "70 of Israel's elders" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"70 of Israel's elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/03.md b/exo/24/03.md index c04ab2e20c..bc3da58e54 100644 --- a/exo/24/03.md +++ b/exo/24/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# with one voice -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that means the people were in complete agreement. AT: "together" or "in agreement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# foot of the mountain -* **with one voice** - AT: "together" or "in agreement" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **foot of the mountain** - "base of the mountain" or "bottom of the mountain" +"base of the mountain" or "bottom of the mountain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/05.md b/exo/24/05.md index 5074137af4..dfb008e037 100644 --- a/exo/24/05.md +++ b/exo/24/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses took half of the blood and put it into basins -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses collected half of the blood in basins in order to splash it on the people in [Exodus 24:8](./07.md). This would confirm the people's participation in the covenant between the people of Israel and God. -## translationNotes +# he sprinkled the other half onto the altar -* **Moses took half of the blood and put it into basins** - Moses collected half of the blood in basins in order to splash it on the people in [[:en:bible:notes:exo:24:07]]. This would confirm the people's participation in the covenant between the people of Israel and God. -* **he splashed the other half onto the altar** - Here the altar represents God. This would confirm God's participation in the covenant between God and the people of Israel. +Here the altar represents God. This would confirm God's participation in the covenant between God and the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/07.md b/exo/24/07.md index ad067543fd..ccffef388d 100644 --- a/exo/24/07.md +++ b/exo/24/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# We will be obedient -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We will obey everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Then Moses took the blood -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This refers to the blood that Moses had put into the bowls. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Then Moses took the blood that was in the bowls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/09.md b/exo/24/09.md index bcddc4c3ea..53809f454b 100644 --- a/exo/24/09.md +++ b/exo/24/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Nadab ... Abihu -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +These are men's names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Under his feet -* **Nadab, Abihu** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:exo:06:23]]. -* **pavement** - a hard surface for walking, riding, and driving -* **sapphire stone** - This is a gemstone that is blue in color. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +This speaks of God as if he had human feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a pavement made of sapphire stone + +"a pavement made of blue stones called sapphires" + +# pavement + +a hard surface for walking or riding + +# sapphire stone + +This is a gemstone that is blue in color. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# as clear as the sky itself + +This is a simile. AT: "as clear as the sky is when there are no clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# God did not lay a hand on the Israelite leaders + +This means that God did not harm the leaders. AT: "God did not harm the Israelite leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/12.md b/exo/24/12.md index 15ddda0cad..d31b6aec70 100644 --- a/exo/24/12.md +++ b/exo/24/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# tablets of stone and the law and commandments -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] +God had written the law and commandments on the tablets of stone. This can be stated clearly. AT: "two stone slabs on which I have written all the laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# with his assistant Joshua -* **with his assistant Joshua** - "with Joshua who assisted him" or "with Joshua who helped him" +"with Joshua who assisted him" or "with Joshua who helped him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/14.md b/exo/24/14.md index d96d9adb03..b0505699b2 100644 --- a/exo/24/14.md +++ b/exo/24/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# wait for us -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +"wait for Joshua and me" -## translationNotes +# Hur -* **wait for us** - "wait for Joshua and me" -* **Hur** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:exo:17:08]]. +Hur was a man who was a friend of Moses and Aaron. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:10](../17/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/16.md b/exo/24/16.md index 227a82872f..5f80cff86e 100644 --- a/exo/24/16.md +++ b/exo/24/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's glory -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This was the brilliant light of God's presence. AT: "The brilliant light showing God's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# like a devouring fire -* **like a devouring fire** - This means the glory was very large and bright (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **in the eyes of the Israelites** - Here "eyes" refers to their thoughts about what they saw. AT: "to the Israelites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **forty days and forty nights** - "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This means the glory of Yahweh was very large and seemed to burn brightly like a fire. AT: "like a big fire burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# in the eyes of the Israelites + +Their eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents their thoughts or judgment about they saw. AT: "to the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# forty days and forty nights + +"40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/intro.md b/exo/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c1eb112db --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Exodus 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Moses' covenant ##### +The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +##### God's holiness ##### +Because Yahweh is perfectly holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. Because of this, only Moses was allowed near Yahweh. This is also why Yahweh is described as a "devouring fire." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/01.md b/exo/25/01.md index 8a56192d4b..a429fddb98 100644 --- a/exo/25/01.md +++ b/exo/25/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# who is motivated by a willing heart -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:receive|receive]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is an idiom that indicates a person's desire to give an offering. AT: "who wants to give an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# You must receive -* **who is motivated by a willing heart** - AT: "who wants to give an offering" -* **You must receive** - The word "you" refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +The word "you" refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/03.md b/exo/25/03.md index b9e9f4fd90..296e221f19 100644 --- a/exo/25/03.md +++ b/exo/25/03.md @@ -1,40 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:acacia|acacia]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate|breastplate, breastpiece]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lamp|lamp]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# blue, purple, and scarlet material -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **blue, purple, and scarlet wool** - Possible meanings are 1) "wool that is dyed blue, purple and scarlet" or 2) "blue, purple and scarlet dye." -* **scarlet** - "red" -* **sea cow** - a large animal that lives in the sea and eats plants -* **onyx** - a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **precious stones to be set** - AT: "precious stones for someone to set" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **precious stones** - "valuable gems" or "treasured gems" +Possible meanings are 1) "material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet," probably wool yarn, or 2) "blue, purple and scarlet dye" to dye the linen. + +# scarlet + +"red" + +# sea cow + +a large animal that lives in the sea and eats plants + +# spices + +dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# onyx + +a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# precious stones to be set + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "precious stones for someone to set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# precious stones + +"valuable gems" or "treasured gems" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/08.md b/exo/25/08.md index 8a75b763ff..9b6e4dde4c 100644 --- a/exo/25/08.md +++ b/exo/25/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# sanctuary ... tabernacle -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **sanctuary...tabernacle** - Here these words mean the same thing. -* **You must make it** - Here "you" is plural and refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **show you in the plans** - "show you in the design" or "show you in the pattern." Here "you" is singular and refers to Moses. +Here these words mean the same thing. + +# You must make it + +Here "you" is plural and refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# show you in the plans + +"show you in the design" or "show you in the pattern." Here "you" is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/10.md b/exo/25/10.md index 687d441a70..4b828249cd 100644 --- a/exo/25/10.md +++ b/exo/25/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance|cubit]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure, purify, purification]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# two and a half cubits ... one cubit and a half -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2.5 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" or "115 centimeters ... almost 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/12.md b/exo/25/12.md index 2bcd96ad9a..6922fd70d4 100644 --- a/exo/25/12.md +++ b/exo/25/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# cast four rings of gold -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **in order to carry the ark** - "so that you can carry the ark" +Casting was a process in which gold was melted, poured into a mold that was in the shape of a ring, and then allowed to harden. + +# in order to carry the ark + +"so that you can carry the ark" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/15.md b/exo/25/15.md index 6cc7e1d2bd..26682baf46 100644 --- a/exo/25/15.md +++ b/exo/25/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark]] -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance|cubit]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# atonement lid -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **atonement lid** - This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. -* **hammered gold** - "beaten gold" +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. + +# two and a half cubits ... a cubit and a half + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2.5 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" or "115 centimeters ... 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# hammered gold + +"beaten gold" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/19.md b/exo/25/19.md index 8cb10f2a18..f4ccf1902f 100644 --- a/exo/25/19.md +++ b/exo/25/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:face]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# atonement lid -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **atonement lid** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:15]]. -* **They must be made** - AT: "You must make them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You must put** - Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](./15.md). + +# They must be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must make them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You must put + +Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/22.md b/exo/25/22.md index 35ecb65248..5a5a60c010 100644 --- a/exo/25/22.md +++ b/exo/25/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Moses. -## translationNotes +# It is at the ark that I will meet with you -* Yahweh continues to speak to Moses. -* **It is at the ark that I will meet with you** - "I will meet with you at the ark." In 25:22 the word "you" is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **atonement lid** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:15]]. +"I will meet with you at the ark." In 25:22 the word "you" is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# atonement lid + +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/23.md b/exo/25/23.md index 58d07cc36f..301b21713f 100644 --- a/exo/25/23.md +++ b/exo/25/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance|cubit]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# two cubits ... one cubit ... a cubit and a half -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2 cubits ... 1 cubit ... 1.5 cubits" or "92 centimeters ... 46 centimeters ... 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/25.md b/exo/25/25.md index f4fb9e909e..c494e6342f 100644 --- a/exo/25/25.md +++ b/exo/25/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# one handbreadth wide -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **frame for it** - "frame for the table" -* **feet were** - "legs are" -* **The rings must be attached** - AT: "You must attach the rings" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in order to carry** - "so you can carry" +a measurement of 7 to 8 centimeters + +# frame for it + +"frame for the table" + +# feet were + +"legs are" + +# The rings must be attached + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must attach the rings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in order to carry + +"so you can carry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/28.md b/exo/25/28.md index 5b407e9c5c..13b7bf814c 100644 --- a/exo/25/28.md +++ b/exo/25/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# so that the table may be carried with them -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **so that the table may be be carried with them** - AT: "so that you may carry the table with them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to be used to pour out drink offerings** - AT: "so that you may use them to pour out drink offerings" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that you may carry the table with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be used to pour out drink offerings + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that you may use them to pour out drink offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bread of the presence + +This bread represented the presence of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/31.md b/exo/25/31.md index e35346a6e4..ee30fe2c9b 100644 --- a/exo/25/31.md +++ b/exo/25/31.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# hammered gold -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] +"beaten gold." See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:18](./15.md). -## translationNotes +# The lampstand is to be made -* **hammered gold** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:15]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers are to be all made of one piece with it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers all of one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/33.md b/exo/25/33.md index 8a4aef023e..48d79d5b52 100644 --- a/exo/25/33.md +++ b/exo/25/33.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand. (See: [Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)) -## translationNotes +# almond blossoms -* 32]]) -* **almond blossoms** - white or pink flowers that have five petals +white or pink flowers that have five petals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/35.md b/exo/25/35.md index 3f04166041..66a89adb38 100644 --- a/exo/25/35.md +++ b/exo/25/35.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure, purify, purification]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand. (See: [Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)) -## translationNotes +# made as one piece with it -* 32]]) -* **made as one piece with it** - AT: "you must make them as one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must make them as one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/37.md b/exo/25/37.md index 62d06d7762..ffe67d4939 100644 --- a/exo/25/37.md +++ b/exo/25/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney|talent (money)]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# for them to give light from it -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **for them to give light from it** - "so they shine light from it" -* **and its accessories** - The tongs, and the trays. -* **you are being shown on the mountain** - AT: "I am showing you on the mountain" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"so they shine light from it" + +# The tongs and their trays must be made of pure gold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make the tongs and their trays of pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one talent + +A talent weighs about thirty-three kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# its accessories + +the tongs and the trays + +# you are being shown on the mountain + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am showing you on the mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/intro.md b/exo/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..93f64080b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 25 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The tent of meeting ##### +This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/01.md b/exo/26/01.md index 8847f63678..eb0cb0f7a1 100644 --- a/exo/26/01.md +++ b/exo/26/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance|cubit]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. (See: [Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)) -## translationNotes +# You must make -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. (See: [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:01]]) -* **scarlet wool** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:03]]. -* **skilled craftsman** - "skilled workman" +Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word "you" is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. "Tell a craftsman to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# curtains + +These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. + +# scarlet wool + +wool dyed a deep red color + +# craftsman + +a person who is skilled in making beautiful objects by hand + +# twenty-eight cubits ... four cubits + +"28 cubits ... 4 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Five curtains must be joined to each other ... must also be joined to each other + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Sew five curtains together to make one set, and sew the other five curtains together to make another set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/04.md b/exo/26/04.md index 8ceb3a6795..5565d321eb 100644 --- a/exo/26/04.md +++ b/exo/26/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# loops ... clasps -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. -## translationNotes +# one set -* **one set** - "one set of five curtains" -* **the second set** - "the second set of five curtains" +"one set of five curtains" + +# the second set + +"the second set of five curtains" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/07.md b/exo/26/07.md index 46b34ad190..12dd4cb510 100644 --- a/exo/26/07.md +++ b/exo/26/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance|cubit]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# eleven ... thirty ... four -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **eleven...thirty...four** - "11...30...4" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"11 ... 30 ... 4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/10.md b/exo/26/10.md index 931de1026c..48064396fb 100644 --- a/exo/26/10.md +++ b/exo/26/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# loops ... clasps -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **fifty loops...first set...second set...clasp** - See how you translated similar words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:04]]. -* **tent-like covering** - like covering** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:10]]. +The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4-6](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/12.md b/exo/26/12.md index 915a18ec05..c74924b22f 100644 --- a/exo/26/12.md +++ b/exo/26/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# cubit -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **dyed** - "colored" +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# dyed + +"colored" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/15.md b/exo/26/15.md index 6c12c5d014..a2ab0f115c 100644 --- a/exo/26/15.md +++ b/exo/26/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:acacia|acacia]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# frames -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **vertical boards** - "upright boards" -* **boards** - This may refer to wide, individual boards, or to frames (UDB) or panels that they made by joining together smaller pieces of wood. -* **projections** - This is a joint that sticks out. +This refers to frames or panels that they made by joining together smaller pieces of wood. + +# ten cubits ... one and a half cubits + +"10 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/19.md b/exo/26/19.md index 02ef54a7d8..356f46fe62 100644 --- a/exo/26/19.md +++ b/exo/26/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# silver bases -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **silver bases** - These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. -* **pedestals** - The silver bases kept the wood off the ground. -* **and so on** - This means that what was said about the first two boards should be done for the rest of the boards. AT: "and two bases for each of the rest of the boards" +These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. + +# pedestals + +The silver bases kept the wooden board off the ground. + +# There must be two bases + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Put two bases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# and so on + +This means that what was said about the first two boards should be done for the rest of the boards. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "and two bases for each of the rest of the boards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/22.md b/exo/26/22.md index 97c43c3beb..f518071e64 100644 --- a/exo/26/22.md +++ b/exo/26/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# These frames must be separate at the bottom, but joined at the top -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **silver bases** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:19]]. -* **in all** - "total" -* **and so on** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:19]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Separate these frames at the bottom, but join them at the top" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# silver bases + +These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the frame in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](./19.md). + +# in all + +"total" + +# and so on + +This means that what was said about the first two frames should be done for the rest of the frames. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:21](./19.md). AT: "and two bases for each of the rest of the frames" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/26.md b/exo/26/26.md index a97e05a9d0..946060f362 100644 --- a/exo/26/26.md +++ b/exo/26/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Yahweh continue to tell Moses how the tabernacle was to be built. -## translationNotes +# crossbars -* Yahweh continue to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **crossbar** - This are support beams that give stability to the structure. +These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. + +# the back side of the tabernacle to the west + +The front was on the east side of the tabernacle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/29.md b/exo/26/29.md index ae0573c09c..ad3ad67cf7 100644 --- a/exo/26/29.md +++ b/exo/26/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle must be constructed. -## translationNotes +# for them to serve as holders for the crossbars -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **for them to serve as holders for the crossbars** - "which will hold the crossbars" -* **crossbars** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:26]]. -* **you were shown on the mountain** - AT: "I showed you on the mountain" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"which will hold the crossbars" or "because they will hold the crossbars" + +# crossbars + +These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:26](./26.md). + +# you were shown on the mountain + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have shown you here on this mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/31.md b/exo/26/31.md index c161c463bb..083e6b5266 100644 --- a/exo/26/31.md +++ b/exo/26/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle is to be constructed. -## translationNotes +# You must make -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **You must make...skillful workman** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:01]]. -* **clasps** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:04]]. +Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word "you" is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. "Tell a craftsman to make." See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# clasps + +The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4-6](./04.md). + +# you must bring in the ark of the testimony + +The ark of the testimony is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "you must bring in the chest containing the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The curtain is to separate the holy place + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The curtain will separate the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/34.md b/exo/26/34.md index f7f22b115d..7c2ab1c5ce 100644 --- a/exo/26/34.md +++ b/exo/26/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# atonement lid -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **atonement lid** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:15]]. +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). + +# on the ark of the testimony + +"on the chest that contains the commandments" + +# The table must be on the north side + +This is the table that holds the bread that represents the presence of God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Place the table for the bread of God's presence on the north side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/36.md b/exo/26/36.md index d72fc8d479..9dfe91b7cb 100644 --- a/exo/26/36.md +++ b/exo/26/36.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses how to construct the tabernacle. -## translationNotes +# a hanging -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **blue, purple, and scarlet wool** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:03]]. -* **fine twined linen** - "finely twisted linen" or "finely spun linen" -* **an embroiderer** - "a person who embroiders" or "a person who sews designs into cloth" +This was a large curtain made of cloth. + +# blue, purple, and scarlet material + +Possible meanings are 1) "yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet," probably wool yarn, or 2) "blue, purple, and scarlet dye" to dye the linen. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/03.md). + +# fine twined linen + +"finely twisted linen." This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. + +# an embroiderer + +"a person who sews designs into cloth" or "a person who embroiders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/intro.md b/exo/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f510b63fd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The tent of meeting ##### +This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/01.md b/exo/27/01.md index ed08c11db1..c4e9d15f9e 100644 --- a/exo/27/01.md +++ b/exo/27/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance|cubit]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. (See: [Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)) -## translationNotes +# five cubits long and five cubits wide -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. (See: [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:01]]) -* **You must make extensions of its four corners shaped like ox horns** - "You must make horns on its four corners" -* **The horns will be made** - AT: "You must make the horns" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **must cover them** - "must cover the altar and horns" +"2.2 meters long on each side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The altar must be square and three cubits high + +"The altar must be square and 1.3 meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# You must make extensions of its four corners shaped like ox horns + +"You must make projections that look like ox horns on its four corners" + +# The horns will be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must make the horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must cover them + +"must cover the altar and horns" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/03.md b/exo/27/03.md index 7ab9ae747e..d967f42f6f 100644 --- a/exo/27/03.md +++ b/exo/27/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# basins -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **basins** - "bowls" -* **firepan** - a vessel that held hot coals from the altar -* **utensil** - any instrument, vessel, or tool serving a useful purpose -* **You must make a grate for the altar, a network of bronze** - "You must make a bronze grate for the altar" -* **grate** - a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning +"bowls" + +# firepans + +There were pans that held hot coals from the altar. + +# utensils + +These were any instrument, vessel, or tool that served a useful purpose. + +# You must make a grate for the altar, a network of bronze + +"You must make a bronze grate for the altar" + +# grate + +a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/05.md b/exo/27/05.md index e7efa28870..d6711de94b 100644 --- a/exo/27/05.md +++ b/exo/27/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people need to do. -## translationNotes +# You must put the grate under the ledge of the altar -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people need to do. -* **grate** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:03]]. +The grate was placed inside the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "You must put the grate under the rim of the altar, on the inside of the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# grate + +This is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](./03.md). + +# You must make poles for the altar + +These poles were used for carrying the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "You must make poles for carrying the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/07.md b/exo/27/07.md index ecc0f029e9..c45c4ab307 100644 --- a/exo/27/07.md +++ b/exo/27/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people should do. -## translationNotes +# The poles must be put into the rings, and the poles must be on the two sides of the altar, to carry it -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people should do. -* **planks** - a long, flat piece of timber thicker than a board -* **you were shown** - AT: "I showed you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must put the poles into the rings and place them on each side of the altar to carry it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# planks + +a long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board + +# you were shown on the mountain + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have shown to you here on this mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/09.md b/exo/27/09.md index d420e6c2c6..3751f3a7c7 100644 --- a/exo/27/09.md +++ b/exo/27/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# There must be hangings ... courtyard -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must place hangings ... courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# hangings of fine twined linen -* **hangings ... fine twined linen** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:36]] -* **one hundred cubits** - forty-four meters (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **posts** - a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support +A "hanging" was a large curtain made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md) + +# fine twined linen + +"finely twisted linen." This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread + +# one hundred cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "44 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# There must also be hooks ... posts + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must also attach hooks ... posts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# posts + +a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/11.md b/exo/27/11.md index 912a504a3f..d4e555cc36 100644 --- a/exo/27/11.md +++ b/exo/27/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# Likewise ... silver rods -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **Likewise...silver rods** - For 27:11 see how you translated many similar words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:09]]. +For 27:11 see how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 27:9-10](./09.md). + +# there must be hangings + +This could be stated as a command. AT: "you must make hangings" + +# there must be a curtain + +This could be stated as a command. AT: "you must make a curtain" + +# There must be ten posts + +This could be stated as a command. AT: "You must make ten posts" + +# The courtyard must also be fifty cubits long + +This could be stated as a command. AT: "Make the courtyard fifty cubits long" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/14.md b/exo/27/14.md index 28796507fb..9711bb2ec9 100644 --- a/exo/27/14.md +++ b/exo/27/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# The hangings -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **hangings...posts...bases** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:09]]. -* **fiftteen cubits** - about seven meters (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **The curtain must be made ... fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer** - AT: "They must make the curtain ... fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer" or "Embroiderers must make the curtain ... fine twined linen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **blue, purple, and scarlet linen, fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:36]]. +These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). + +# posts + +These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](./09.md). + +# bases + +These were metal blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). + +# fifteen cubits + +about seven meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The courtyard gate must be a curtain twenty cubits long + +This could be stated as a command. AT: "You must make a curtain twenty cubits long to be the courtyard gate" + +# The curtain must be made ... fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They must make the curtain ... fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer" or "Embroiderers must make the curtain ... fine twined linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blue, purple, and scarlet material and fine twined linen + +Possible meanings are 1) "yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet," probably wool yarn, or 2) "blue, purple, and scarlet dye" to dye the linen. + +# an embroiderer + +a person who sews designs into cloth \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/17.md b/exo/27/17.md index 2e6d3fc08e..24fe12e6e3 100644 --- a/exo/27/17.md +++ b/exo/27/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# one hundred cubits -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* ** one hundred cubits** - 46 meters (See [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **fine twined linen hangings** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:36]]. -* **tent pegs** - sharp pieces of wood used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground +"100 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fine twined linen hangings + +"finely twisted linen." This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). + +# all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard must be made of bronze + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "make all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tent pegs + +sharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/20.md b/exo/27/20.md index c75dc29ece..8e1bebb12c 100644 --- a/exo/27/20.md +++ b/exo/27/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:ordinance]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# tent of meeting -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **tent of meeting** - This is another name for the tabernacle. -* **This requirement will be a lasting ordinance** - "I require that the people do this as a lasting ordinance" +This is another name for the tabernacle. + +# ark of testimony + +This is the chest that contains the sacred slabs of stone on which Yahweh had written his commandments. + +# This requirement will be a lasting ordinance + +"I require that the people do this as a lasting ordinance" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/intro.md b/exo/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c82954da10 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The tent of meeting ##### +This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/01.md b/exo/28/01.md index e5bb8db429..5ead33e3c0 100644 --- a/exo/28/01.md +++ b/exo/28/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. (See: [Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)) -## translationNotes +# Call to yourself -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. (See: [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:01]]) -* **Call to yourself** - Here "yourself" refers to Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **You must make** - Here "you" refers to the people. +Here "yourself" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# You must make + +Here "you" refers to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# garments that are set apart to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "garments that you will set apart to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/04.md b/exo/28/04.md index 26de1987af..00c08516af 100644 --- a/exo/28/04.md +++ b/exo/28/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# a coat of woven work -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **a coat of woven work** - "a coat with a design woven into it" -* **turban** - a head covering -* **sash** - a piece of cloth worn around the waist or across the chest +"a coat with a design woven into it" + +# turban + +a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. + +# sash + +a piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/06.md b/exo/28/06.md index bf5b43b0fd..bd9c11e511 100644 --- a/exo/28/06.md +++ b/exo/28/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# fine-twined linen -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **fine twined linen** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:36]]. -* **skillful craftsman** - "skillful workman" -* **it must be made of one piece** - AT: "they must make it one piece" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **onyx stones** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:03]]. +"finely-twisted linen." This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). + +# skillful craftsman + +a person who can make beautiful objects by hand + +# it must be made of one piece + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they must make it in one piece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# onyx stones + +These are valuable stones that have layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:7](../25/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/10.md b/exo/28/10.md index a5bdf48620..e05aedcea5 100644 --- a/exo/28/10.md +++ b/exo/28/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:ephod|ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|reminder]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engraving on a signet -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engraving on a signet** - "In the same way a person engraves on a seal" +"In the same way a person engraves on a seal" + +# engraver + +a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal + +# signet + +an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal + +# settings + +pieces of metal that hold the stone onto the ephod \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/13.md b/exo/28/13.md index a4d8ef23cf..a182990e09 100644 --- a/exo/28/13.md +++ b/exo/28/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# settings -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +These are pieces of metal that hold each stone onto the ephod. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](./10.md). + +# two braided chains of pure gold like cords + +"two chains of pure gold that are braided like cords" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/15.md b/exo/28/15.md index 81a3199392..20f4a4d7b8 100644 --- a/exo/28/15.md +++ b/exo/28/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance|span]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate|breatplate]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the work of a skillful workman, fashioned like the ephod -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **the work of a skillful workman, fashioned like the ephod** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "a skillful workman will make it like the ephod" +"a skillful workman will make it like the ephod" + +# span + +A span is 22 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/17.md b/exo/28/17.md index b48d8053e8..055126ab67 100644 --- a/exo/28/17.md +++ b/exo/28/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] +The colors of the precious stones mentioned here may be different from those in the UDB. -## translationNotes +# precious stones -* **precious stones...onyx** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:03]]. -* **ruby...topaz...garnet...emerald...diamond...jacinth...agate...amethyst...beryl...jasper** - These are gems. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **sapphire** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:24:09]]. -* **They must be mounted in gold settings** - AT: "You must mount them in gold settings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"valuable gems" or "treasured gems." See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# ruby ... jasper + +These are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# sapphire + +This is a gemstone that is blue in color. See how you translated this in [Exodus 24:10](../24/09.md). + +# onyx + +This is a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# They must be mounted in gold settings + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must mount them in gold settings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/21.md b/exo/28/21.md index a5d2ecfdca..10f722a5db 100644 --- a/exo/28/21.md +++ b/exo/28/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael|twelve tribes of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# The stones must be arranged -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **The stones must be arranged** - AT: "You must arrange the stones" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **signet ring** - See how you translated the similar word in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:10]]. -* **chains like cords, braided work of pure gold** - See how you translated similar phrases in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:13]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must arrange the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# signet ring + +A signet is an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal. Here the stone is mounted on a ring. See how you translated "signet" in [Exodus 28:11](./10.md). + +# chains like cords, braided work of pure gold + +"chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords." See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 28:14](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/25.md b/exo/28/25.md index 6d9c47a5b8..3c9d1d487d 100644 --- a/exo/28/25.md +++ b/exo/28/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# braided chains -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **braided chains** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:13]]. +"chains braided like cords." See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](./13.md). + +# to the two settings + +These are two settings that enclose the stones. This can be clearly stated in the translation. AT: "to the two settings that enclose the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/27.md b/exo/28/27.md index 4b939d3287..1a42bda259 100644 --- a/exo/28/27.md +++ b/exo/28/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# finely-woven waistband -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **finely woven waistband** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:06]]. -* **so that it might be attached** - AT: "so that they may attach it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the breastplate might not become unattached from the ephod- ** - ** AT: "the breastplate would stay attached to the ephod" +This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](./06.md). + +# so that it might be attached + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that they may attach it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/29.md b/exo/28/29.md index 09fd7b8d5b..73a2c7f3fa 100644 --- a/exo/28/29.md +++ b/exo/28/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace|holy place]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|israel]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|reminder]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# he must carry the names of the people of Israel over his heart in the breastpiece -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **on his heart** - "over his heart" or "on his chest" -* **the Urim and the Thummim** - It not clear what these are. They were objects that the priest used to determine somehow the will of God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +This refers to the names of the tribes engraved on the twelve stones the breastplate as described in [Exodus 28:17-21](./17.md). + +# over his heart + +"over Aaron's heart" or "on his chest" + +# the Urim and the Thummim ... the means for making decisions + +The second phrase appears to refer to the Urim and Thummim and explain their purpose. + +# the Urim and the Thummim + +It not clear what these are. They were objects, possibly stones, that the priest used to determine somehow the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/31.md b/exo/28/31.md index acc2b8255d..d3bbc1ad05 100644 --- a/exo/28/31.md +++ b/exo/28/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# This must be the work of a weaver -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **the work of a weaver** - "the work of a person who weaves" or "the work of person who sews" +This can be stated as a command. AT: "A weaver must make this robe" + +# a weaver + +"a person who weaves" or "a person who creates cloth using thread" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/33.md b/exo/28/33.md index 7c49d29c57..98f2283107 100644 --- a/exo/28/33.md +++ b/exo/28/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people do. -## translationNotes +# pomegranates -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people do. -* **pomegranate** - a round fruit (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **a golden bell and a pomegranate** - This phrase is repeated to show the pattern of the design on the robe. -* **so that its sound can be heard** - AT: "so that the bells make a sound" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A pomegranate is a round fruit with a red outer skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a golden bell and a pomegranate + +This phrase is repeated to show the pattern of the design on the robe. + +# The robe is to be on Aaron when he serves + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Aaron must wear the robe when he serves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that its sound can be heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the bells make a sound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This is so that he does not die + +It is implied that he would die because he did not obey Yahweh. This can be stated. AT: "As a result, he will not die because of disobeying my instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/36.md b/exo/28/36.md index 7101619736..e6548df9b8 100644 --- a/exo/28/36.md +++ b/exo/28/36.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# engrave on it, like the engraving on a signet -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people what they must do. -* **engrave on it, like the engraving on a signet** - See how you translated a similar clause in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:10]] -* **turban** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:04]]. +"write on it in the same way a person engraves on a seal." See how you translated similar words in [Exodus 28:11](./10.md) + +# turban + +This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). + +# It must be on Aaron's forehead + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Aaron must wear it on his forehead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The turban must be always on his forehead + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Aaron must always wear the turban on his forehead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/39.md b/exo/28/39.md index 372a61ce25..c0e51f1e5b 100644 --- a/exo/28/39.md +++ b/exo/28/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:works]] +God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# turban -* God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **turban...sash** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:04]]. -* **the work of an embroiderer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:36]]. +This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). + +# sash + +A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). + +# the work of an embroiderer + +An embroiderer is a person who sews designs into cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/40.md b/exo/28/40.md index 7f5cc95565..60b2b89556 100644 --- a/exo/28/40.md +++ b/exo/28/40.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# sashes -* God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **sashes** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:04]]. +A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). + +# headbands + +A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. + +# You must clothe Aaron your brother + +Aaron was the older brother of Moses. You can state this clearly in the translation. AT: "Put these clothes on your older brother Aaron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/42.md b/exo/28/42.md index 237e57f8ff..a1a67a76f3 100644 --- a/exo/28/42.md +++ b/exo/28/42.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# undergarments -* God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **undergarments** - "underwear." These are clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. -* **tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:20]]. +These are underwear, clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. + +# tent of meeting + +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). + +# a permanent law + +"a law the will not end" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/intro.md b/exo/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c4cb530077 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Holy garments ##### +Because Yahweh is holy, only the priests could approach him, and when they did they must be wearing specially made clothing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/01.md b/exo/29/01.md index e16b148758..ff8f321fe8 100644 --- a/exo/29/01.md +++ b/exo/29/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +The word "now" marks a change in topic from garments for priests to consecrating priests. -## translationNotes +# you must do -* **Now** - "Now" marks a change from garments for priests to consecrating priests. -* **you must do** - Here "you" refers to Moses. -* **to consecrate them** - "to consecrate Aaron and his sons" -* **serve me** - Here "me" refers to Yahweh. -* **one young bull** - a male cow -* **rubbed with oil** - "anointed with oil" -* **bread...cakes...wafers** - These are different kinds of food made from flour. +Here "you" refers to Moses. + +# to set them apart + +"to set apart Aaron and his sons" + +# serve me + +Here "me" refers to Yahweh. + +# one young bull + +a male cow + +# Also take wafers without yeast rubbed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Also take wafers without yeast and rub them with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bread ... cakes ... wafers + +These are different kinds of food made from flour. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/03.md b/exo/29/03.md index 7bb654bf8f..f98f82eafc 100644 --- a/exo/29/03.md +++ b/exo/29/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Moses -## translationNotes +# You must put them -* Yahweh continues to speak to Moses -* **You must put them** - "You must put the bread, cake, and wafer" -* **tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:20]]. +"You must put the bread, cake, and wafer" + +# present them with the bull and the two rams + +Here "present" means to offer as a sacrifice. The full meaning of this can be translated clearly. AT: "offer them to me when you sacrifice the bull and the two rams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tent of meeting + +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/05.md b/exo/29/05.md index d69943d17e..193ac9da6a 100644 --- a/exo/29/05.md +++ b/exo/29/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# coat -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **coat...turban** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:04]]. -* **woven waistband** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:06]]. +This was a coat with a design woven into it. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). + +# finely-woven waistband + +This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/06.md). + +# turban + +This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). + +# holy crown + +This crown is described in [Exodus 29:6](./05.md) as being engraved with the words "dedicated to Yahweh" and made of pure gold. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/08.md b/exo/29/08.md index e20ff2522b..6bdc1b1d85 100644 --- a/exo/29/08.md +++ b/exo/29/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# bring his sons -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **bring his sons** - "bring Aaron's sons" -* **coats...sashes...headbands** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:40]]. -* **The work of the priesthood** - "the duty of being priests" -* **will belong to them** - AT: "will belong to them and their descendants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **permanent law** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:42]]. +"bring Aaron's sons" + +# coats + +These were coats with a design woven into them. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). + +# sashes + +A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest. See how you translated this word in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). + +# headbands + +A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md). + +# The work of the priesthood + +"the duty of being priests" + +# will belong to them + +The duty of being priests will also belong to the descendants of Aaron's sons. You can state this clearly in the translation. AT: "will belong to them and their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# permanent law + +"a law the will not end." See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/42.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/10.md b/exo/29/10.md index 50603257d4..3e71809354 100644 --- a/exo/29/10.md +++ b/exo/29/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# tent of meeting -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:20]]. -* **You must kill the bull** - The bull offering was to be killed by Moses, not the priests, at the doorway, not inside the tent of meeting. -* **kill the bull** - Since the following verses will tell what to do with the blood from the bull, use a term for "kill" that will imply a method similar to "slit its throat and catch the blood in a bowl" (UDB). +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). + +# You must kill the bull + +The bull offering was to be killed by Moses, not the priests, at the doorway, not inside the tent of meeting. + +# kill the bull + +Since the following verses will tell what to do with the blood from the bull, use a term for "kill" that will imply a method similar to "slitting its throat and catch the blood in a bowl." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/12.md b/exo/29/12.md index e2981841e5..4ac7279c9f 100644 --- a/exo/29/12.md +++ b/exo/29/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# the horns -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **the horns** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:01]]. -* **the rest of the blood** - "the remaining blood" -* **covers the inner parts** - "covers the organs" -* **liver...kidneys** - These are organs in the body. -* **But as for the bull's flesh, as well as its skin and dung** - "But as for the remaining parts of the bull" +These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/01.md). + +# the rest of the blood + +"the remaining blood" + +# covers the inner parts + +"covers the organs" + +# liver ... kidneys + +These are organs in the body. + +# But as for the bull's flesh, as well as its skin and dung + +"But as for the remaining parts of the bull" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/15.md b/exo/29/15.md index 1af6f8a3ea..ae1603f7c0 100644 --- a/exo/29/15.md +++ b/exo/29/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You must kill the ram -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +For these consecration sacrifices for the priests, it was Moses, not Aaron or his sons, who had to kill the animals. -## translationNotes +# on the altar -* **You must kill the ram** - For these consecration sacrifices for the priests, it was moses, not Aaron or his sons that were to kill the animals. -* **on the altar** - Unlike the bull offering that was burned outside of the tent, the ram was to be burned on the inner alter. -* **inner parts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:29:12]]. +Unlike the bull offering that was burned outside of the tent, the ram was to be burned on the inner altar. + +# the inner parts + +"the organs." See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:13](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/19.md b/exo/29/19.md index aa63a33bfc..df201df8e8 100644 --- a/exo/29/19.md +++ b/exo/29/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# Then you must kill the ram -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. +The ram was killed by cutting its throat. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "Then kill the ram by slitting its throat" or "Then kill the ram by cutting its throat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/21.md b/exo/29/21.md index 7e45c53de3..07818f3425 100644 --- a/exo/29/21.md +++ b/exo/29/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# Aaron will then be set apart for me -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "By doing this, you will dedicate Aaron to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/22.md b/exo/29/22.md index 2df35c6e98..01a8b74e59 100644 --- a/exo/29/22.md +++ b/exo/29/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# inner parts ... liver ... kidney -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **inner parts...liver...kidney** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:29:12]]. -* **Take one loaf...before me, Yahweh** - For 29:23 see how you translated similar words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:29:01]]. +These refer to organs inside the body. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:13](./12.md). + +# Take one loaf ... before Yahweh + +For 29:23 see how you translated similar words in [Exodus 29:2](./01.md). + +# that is before Yahweh + +"that you have placed before Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/24.md b/exo/29/24.md index c3daa5ae70..036e314547 100644 --- a/exo/29/24.md +++ b/exo/29/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# You must put these -* God continues speaking to Moses. -* **You must put these** - Here "these" refers to the parts of the sacrifice mentioned in the previous verses. -* **it will be an offering made to me by fire** - AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "these" refers to the parts of the sacrifice mentioned in the previous verses. + +# it will be an offering made to me by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "burn it as an offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/26.md b/exo/29/26.md index 8e88d2f0cd..7228b03242 100644 --- a/exo/29/26.md +++ b/exo/29/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# ram of dedication -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **ram of consecration** - "ram which you consecrated" or "ram which you killed" -* **the ram for the consecration of Aaron** - "the ram you used to consecrate Aaron" -* **given by the Israelites** - AT: "which the Israelites will give" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **By the regulations for the fellowship offerings, these** - "It will be a permanent law that these" -* **taken from the Israelites' offerings** - AT: "which they will take from the Israelites' offerings" +"ram that you dedicated" or "ram that you killed" + +# Aaron's ram of dedication + +"the ram that you used to dedicate Aaron" + +# a perpetual ordinance + +"a permanent law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/29.md b/exo/29/29.md index 19052a6680..86e160a798 100644 --- a/exo/29/29.md +++ b/exo/29/29.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# The holy garments of Aaron must also be reserved for his sons after him -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **The holy garments of Aaron must also be reserved for his sons after him** - These garments belong to the priesthood, not just Aaron's personal clothing. AT: "Aaron must reserve the holy garments for his sons after him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They are to be anointed in them and consecrated to me in them** - AT: "They must wear the holy garments when you anoint his sons and consecrate them to me" -* **tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:20]]. +These garments belong to the priesthood and are not just Aaron's personal clothing. AT: "Aaron must reserve the holy garments for his sons after him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They are to be anointed in them and ordained to me in them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They must wear the holy garments when you anoint his sons and ordain them to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tent of meeting + +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/31.md b/exo/29/31.md index 1427bf31c2..4f96769eb8 100644 --- a/exo/29/31.md +++ b/exo/29/31.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# the ram for the installation of the priests -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **the ram for the consecration of the priests** - "the ram you killed to consecrate the priests" -* **in a holy place** - This is not the same as the holy place outside of the most holy place. This refers to a place within the courtyard. AT: "at the entrance to the tent of meeting" -* **tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:20]]. -* **that were given** - AT: "that you sacrificed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It must not be eaten** - AT: "No one must eat it" -* **because it has been consecrated—reserved—for me** - AT: "because it is holy" or "because it is sacred" +"the ram you killed when you installed the priests" + +# in a holy place + +This is not the same as the holy place outside of the most holy place. This refers to a place within the courtyard. AT: "at the entrance to the tent of meeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tent of meeting + +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). + +# that were given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you sacrificed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It must not be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because it has been set apart to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because you have set it apart to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/35.md b/exo/29/35.md index d07119b040..f6ac771630 100644 --- a/exo/29/35.md +++ b/exo/29/35.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# In this way, by following all that I have commanded you to do, you must treat Aaron and his sons -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **In this way, by following all that I have commanded you to do, you must treat Aaron and his sons** - "I have commanded you to treat Aaron and his sons this way" -* **will be the same** - "will also be very holy" +"I have commanded you to treat Aaron and his sons this way" + +# Then the altar will be completely set apart to me + +"Then the altar will be most holy" + +# will be set apart to Yahweh + +"will also be very holy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/38.md b/exo/29/38.md index 2c5adf3187..1967afd4c6 100644 --- a/exo/29/38.md +++ b/exo/29/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# You must regularly offer on the altar every day -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **You must regularly offer on the altar every day** - AT: "You must daily offer on the alter..." +"You must daily offer on the altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/40.md b/exo/29/40.md index fe2f6ff4b2..4782807fde 100644 --- a/exo/29/40.md +++ b/exo/29/40.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicalvolume]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# a tenth ... the fourth part -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. +"1/10 ... 1/4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# ephah + +An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# hin + +A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/41.md b/exo/29/41.md index dea72feb62..61ceac9062 100644 --- a/exo/29/41.md +++ b/exo/29/41.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# it will be an offering made to me by fire -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **it will be an offering made to me by fire** - AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **throughout your people's generations** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:12:12]]. -* **tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:20]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# throughout your generations + +"through all the generations of your descendants." See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). + +# tent of meeting + +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/43.md b/exo/29/43.md index b7da957791..3de27129d2 100644 --- a/exo/29/43.md +++ b/exo/29/43.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# the tent will be set apart for me by my glory -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **the tent will be consecrated by my glory** - AT: "My awesome presence will consecrate the tent" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My awesome presence will dedicate the tent to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/45.md b/exo/29/45.md index b6f4992822..17c5a7b2e7 100644 --- a/exo/29/45.md +++ b/exo/29/45.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/intro.md b/exo/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4c45d317d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Exodus 29 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Consecrating priests ##### +This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I will live among the Israelites" ##### +As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. This phrase indicates that he permanently remains within Israel in a special way while they have the ark. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/01.md b/exo/30/01.md index 5c3f3a1d66..84d327a57b 100644 --- a/exo/30/01.md +++ b/exo/30/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:acacia|acacia]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] +Yahweh tells Moses how to build the worship equipment. -## translationNotes +# You must make -* Yahweh shifts to instructing Moses in the construction worship equipment. -* **You must make** - Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Its horns must be made** - See how you translated "horns" in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:01]]. AT: "You must make its horns" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Its horns must be made + +These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated "horns" in [Exodus 27:2](../27/01.md). AT: "You must make its horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/03.md b/exo/30/03.md index fd087d522c..1500770bcb 100644 --- a/exo/30/03.md +++ b/exo/30/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the incense altar -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **to be attached to it** - AT: "which you will attach to the altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"an altar to burn incense" + +# to be attached to it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you will attach to the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/05.md b/exo/30/05.md index beb61132bf..25a7287b87 100644 --- a/exo/30/05.md +++ b/exo/30/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# ark of the testimony -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **ark of the covenant decrees** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:31]]. -* **atonement lid** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:15]]. -* **where I will meet with you** - Here "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/31.md). AT: "the chest containing the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# atonement lid + +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). + +# where I will meet with you + +Here "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/07.md b/exo/30/07.md index 261a084c5f..03cd9f3eda 100644 --- a/exo/30/07.md +++ b/exo/30/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand|lamps]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# throughout your generations -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **throughout your people's generations** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:12:12]]. -* **But you must offer** - Though the word "you" is addressed to Moses, it's instruction is specifically to Aaron and his descendants as to when and what they are to offer on the altar of incense. +"through all the generations of your descendants." See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). + +# But you must offer + +Though the word "you" is addressed to Moses, the instruction is given specifically to Aaron and his descendants as to when and what they are to offer on the altar of incense. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/10.md b/exo/30/10.md index b697cb2640..2f79125371 100644 --- a/exo/30/10.md +++ b/exo/30/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# horns -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **horns** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:01]]. -* **throughout your people's generations** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:12:12]]. +These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/01.md). + +# throughout your generations + +"through all the generations of your descendants." See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/11.md b/exo/30/11.md index de474404b5..170809f7b0 100644 --- a/exo/30/11.md +++ b/exo/30/11.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When you take -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney|biblical money]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight|biblical weight]] -* [[en:tw:census]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:ransom|ransom]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) "you" refers to just Moses or 2) "you" refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# a census of the Israelites -* **When you take** - possible meaning are 1) "you" refers to just Moses, with just himself being the census taker or 2) "you" refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in generations to come when they take a census. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **a census of the Israelites** - The leaders only counted the Israelite men. -* **Everyone who is counted** - AT: "Every man you count" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The leaders only counted the Israelite men. + +# Everyone who is counted + +This can be stated in active form. They counted only the men. AT: "Everyone you count" or "Every man you count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# half a shekel of silver + +"1/2 a shekel of silver." Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: "5.5 grams of silver" or "six grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# according to the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary + +There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. + +# twenty gerahs + +"20 gerahs." A gerah is a unit that people used for measuring how much something very small weighed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# from twenty years old and up + +Larger numbers are spoken of as being up or above smaller numbers. AT: "from twenty years old and more" or "who is twenty years old or older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/15.md b/exo/30/15.md index 7af75f5982..2ed9b33775 100644 --- a/exo/30/15.md +++ b/exo/30/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the people -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **the people** - Only the men made this offering. -* **It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives** - Possible meanings are 1) this is a reminder to the Israelites that God has removed their sins or 2) this will remind God of the Israelites and he will remove their sins. +Only the men made this offering. + +# the half shekel + +Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: "the 5.5 grams of silver" or "the 6 grams of silver." See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:13](./11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives + +Possible meanings are 1) "It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives" or 2) "It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/17.md b/exo/30/17.md index 74dee01fef..35e0e32e7d 100644 --- a/exo/30/17.md +++ b/exo/30/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You must also make -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# basin -* **You must also make** - Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **and the altar** - The alter of sacrifice +"bowl" or "tub" + +# a bronze stand + +This is what the basin would be put on. + +# a basin for washing + +This phrase explains what the priests were to use the large bronze basin for. + +# the altar + +the altar of sacrifice \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/19.md b/exo/30/19.md index 5b0681ff5c..c25e31e1ed 100644 --- a/exo/30/19.md +++ b/exo/30/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# water in it -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **water in it** - "water in the basin" -* **throughout their people's generations** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:exo:12:12]]. +"water in the basin" + +# for Aaron and his descendants throughout their people's generations + +"for Aaron and all the generations of his descendants." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/22.md b/exo/30/22.md index ac690c1897..22f5f4feb6 100644 --- a/exo/30/22.md +++ b/exo/30/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalvolume]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# spices -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **five hundred** - "500" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **cinnamon...cane...cassia** - These are sweet spices. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **measured by the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:11]]. -* **with these ingredients** - "with these items" -* **the work of a perfumer** - This is a person who is skilled in mixing spices. +dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# five hundred shekels ... 250 shekels + +"500 shekels ... two hundred and fifty shekels." A shekel is about 11 grams. Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: "5.7 kilograms ... 11.4 kilograms" or "six kilograms ... three kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# cinnamon ... cane ... cassia + +These are sweet spices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary + +There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](./11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# one hin + +Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: "3.7 liters" or "four liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# with these ingredients + +"with these items" + +# the work of a perfumer + +Possible meanings are 1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or 2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. + +# a perfumer + +a person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/26.md b/exo/30/26.md index a0c3adcda0..3bebd53deb 100644 --- a/exo/30/26.md +++ b/exo/30/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# You must anoint -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **You must anoint** - Here "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **ark of the covenant decrees** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:31]]. +Here "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# ark of the testimony + +The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/31.md). AT: "the chest containing the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the altar for burnt offerings + +"the altar on which offering were burnt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/29.md b/exo/30/29.md index 33a3ca0fd5..b0eb0a1096 100644 --- a/exo/30/29.md +++ b/exo/30/29.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# set them apart -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **consecrate them** - This refers to the items listed in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:26]]. -* **will also be reserved for me** - "will also be holy" or "will also be set aside for me" -* **throughout your people's generations** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:12:12]]. +This refers to the items listed in [Exodus 30:26-28](./26.md). + +# throughout your people's generations + +"all the generations of your descendants." See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/32.md b/exo/30/32.md index 3474b347ec..87e7719058 100644 --- a/exo/30/32.md +++ b/exo/30/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what Moses must tell the people. -## translationNotes +# It must not be applied to people's skin -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **It must not be applied to people's skin** - AT: "You must not put the holy anointing oil on a person's skin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **with the same formula** - "with the same ingredients" or "with the same items" -* **that person must be cut off from his people** - AT: "you must remove that person from the people" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not put the anointing oil that is dedicated to Yahweh on a person's skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with the same formula + +"with the same ingredients" or "with the same items" + +# that person must be cut off from his people + +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel" 2) "the people of Israel must send him away" or 3) "the people of Israel must kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/34.md b/exo/30/34.md index f2db8a44e0..0c4f5473a3 100644 --- a/exo/30/34.md +++ b/exo/30/34.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of "you" are singular. However, the words "blended by a perfumer" might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UDB. -## translationNotes +# stacte, onycha, and galbanum -* **Take spices** - Yahweh is telling Moses what the people must do. -* **stacte, onycha, and galbanum** - These are spices. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumer** - See how you translated "perfumer" in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:22]]. AT: "A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You will grind it** - "You will crush it." Here "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **You will regard** - Here "you" refers to Moses and all the people. +These are spices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumer + +The phrase with "blended" can be translated in active form. AT: "Make it into the form of incense that a perfumer has blended" or "A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blended by a perfumer + +Possible meanings are 1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or 2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](./22.md). + +# You will grind it + +"You will crush it." Here "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You will regard + +Here "you" is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/37.md b/exo/30/37.md index 08972790fa..449a59a45b 100644 --- a/exo/30/37.md +++ b/exo/30/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# you must not make any -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **with the same formula** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:32]]. -* **perfume** - This is a pleasant smelling liquid a person puts on his or her body. -* **must be cut off from his people** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:32]]. +The word "you" here refers to the people of Israel. + +# with the same formula + +"with the same ingredients" or "with the same items." See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](./32.md). + +# It must be most holy to you + +"You must consider it to be most holy" + +# perfume + +This is a pleasant smelling liquid a person puts on his or her body. + +# must be cut off from his people + +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel" 2) "the people of Israel must send him away" or 3) "the people of Israel must kill him." See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:33](./32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/intro.md b/exo/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1ccc73b51 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 30 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Atonement ##### +The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/01.md b/exo/31/01.md index 404330f7eb..89f52dc5e1 100644 --- a/exo/31/01.md +++ b/exo/31/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I have called by name -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. AT: "I have chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Bezalel ... Uri ... Hur -* **Bezalel...Uri...Hur** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/03.md b/exo/31/03.md index 466d25e6d6..3b8346c703 100644 --- a/exo/31/03.md +++ b/exo/31/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# I have filled Bezalel with my Spirit -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **all kinds of craftsmanship** - This is someone who can work with wood, metal, and stones to make all kinds of objects. +Yahweh speaks of giving Bezalel his Spirit as if Bezalel were a container and God's Spirit were a liquid. AT: "I have given my Spirit to Bezalel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for all kinds of craftsmanship + +The abstract noun "craftsmanship" can be translated as "making crafts" or "making things." AT: "for making all kinds of crafts" or "so that he can make all kinds of things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/06.md b/exo/31/06.md index c3fcbd9419..01f2cdca37 100644 --- a/exo/31/06.md +++ b/exo/31/06.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# Oholiab ... Ahisamak -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **Oholiab...Ahisamach** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise** - AT: "I have given skill to those who are wise" -* **tent of meeting...basin with its base** - In 31:7-9 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:26]]. -* **atonement lid** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:15]]. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise + +God speaks of making people able to make things as if he were putting the ability into their hearts. AT: "I have given skill to all who are wise" or "I have made all who are wise able to make things well" + +# tent of meeting + +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). + +# ark of the testimony + +The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/31.md). AT: "the chest containing the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# atonement lid + +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). + +# incense altar + +"altar to burn incense." See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:03](../30/03.md). + +# altar for burnt offerings + +"altar on which offering were burnt." See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:28](../30/26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/10.md b/exo/31/10.md index cb48be4c11..72e9762a1c 100644 --- a/exo/31/10.md +++ b/exo/31/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# finely-woven garments -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **finely woven** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:06]]. -* **These craftsmen** - "These skilled workmen" +These were clothing made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 28:8](../28/06.md). + +# These craftsmen + +"These people who are skilled in making beautiful things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/12.md b/exo/31/12.md index 7c052ddbe3..bc4791d7ab 100644 --- a/exo/31/12.md +++ b/exo/31/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# You must certainly keep Yahweh's Sabbath days -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. AT: "You must certainly obey Yahweh's instructions about the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# throughout your people's generations -* **a sign between him** - "a sign between me" or "a sign between Yahweh" -* **throughout your people's generations** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:12:12]]. -* **for it must be treated by you as holy** - AT: "for you must treat it as holy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but the seventh day** - AT: "But on day 7" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **must surely be put to death** - AT: "you must kill" or "you must execute" +"through all the generations of your descendants." See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). + +# who sets you apart for himself + +God speaks of choosing people to be his as setting them apart for himself. AT: "who has chosen you to be his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for it must be treated by you as holy + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for you must treat it as holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Everyone who defiles it + +God speaks of treating the Sabbath with disrespect as defiling it. AT: "Everyone who treats the Sabbath with disrespect" or "Everyone who does not obey the laws about the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# must surely be put to death + +"must surely be killed." This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must surely kill" or "you must surely execute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must surely be cut off from his people + +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people" 2) "you must surely send him away" or 3) "you must surely kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but the seventh day + +"but day 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/16.md b/exo/31/16.md index fc50135cfb..d7ebc2e7eb 100644 --- a/exo/31/16.md +++ b/exo/31/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# must keep the Sabbath -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **throughout their people's generations** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:exo:12:12]]. -* **permanent law** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:42]]. -* **Yahweh made heaven and earth** - AT: "Yahweh made everything" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. AT: "must obey Yahweh's instructions about the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They must observe it throughout their people's generations + +"They and all the generations of their descendants must observe it." See how you translated "throughout their people's generations" in [Exodus 12:42](../12/12.md). + +# permanent law + +"a law the will not end." See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/42.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/18.md b/exo/31/18.md index 7f55e64c4d..d6ddec3d76 100644 --- a/exo/31/18.md +++ b/exo/31/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# written on by his own hand -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] - -## translationNotes - -* **written on by his own hand** - "which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand" +This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/intro.md b/exo/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af92c8ba7f --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the end of Exodus' recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sabbath ##### +As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/01.md b/exo/32/01.md index 0d3052f22f..98e1e57398 100644 --- a/exo/32/01.md +++ b/exo/32/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the people saw -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] +Here understanding something is spoken of as if it were being seen. AT: "the people realized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Come, make us an idol -* **the people saw** - This expression means that the people realized. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Come, make us...** - the word "come" here refers to a very strong request or demand. -* **go before us** - AT: "lead us" or "be our leader" -* **bring them to me** - "them" refers to the golden rings. +The word "come" strengthens the force of the command following it. The people were demanding that Aaron make an idol for them. + +# go before us + +"lead us" or "be our leader" + +# bring them to me + +The word "them" refers to the golden rings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/03.md b/exo/32/03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..50841ec596 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/32/03.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# All the people + +This refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Moses' God as their God. + +# fashioned it in a mold, and made it into a molded calf + +Aaron melted the gold and poured it into a mold that had the shape of a calf. When the gold became hard, he removed the mold, and the hardened gold had the shape of a calf. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/05.md b/exo/32/05.md index 599aef8a02..cba3e3331b 100644 --- a/exo/32/05.md +++ b/exo/32/05.md @@ -1,24 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# When Aaron saw this -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +You may need to make explicit what he saw. "When Aaron saw what the people did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# to carouse in wild celebration -* **When Aaron saw this** - "This" refers to the reaction of the people. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* ** carouse in wild celebration** - to give oneself wholly in unrestrained eating, drinking and willingness to sleep with people. +"to have a wild party." The people likely behaved in sexually immoral ways at the party. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/07.md b/exo/32/07.md index aa21c0e252..01c4b45058 100644 --- a/exo/32/07.md +++ b/exo/32/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# left the way that I commanded them -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt|corrupt, corruption]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here God speaks of the people disobeying what he commanded them as if he had told them to walk on a certain road and they left that road. AT: "stopped doing what I commanded them to do" or "have stopped obeying what I commanded them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They have molded for themselves a calf -* **left the way** - AT: "stopped obeying me" or "left the road" (UDB) -* **They have molded ... a calf** - "molded" describes the process of pouring molten metal into a container of a specific shape and cooled until the metal became solid. In this case the mold was in the shape of a calf and the metal was gold. +"They have made a gold statue for themselves shaped like a calf" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/09.md b/exo/32/09.md index 74638e3100..6fd16a6b24 100644 --- a/exo/32/09.md +++ b/exo/32/09.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# I have seen this people -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked|stiff-necked]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here Yahweh compares knowing the people to seeing them. AT: "I know this people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a stiff-necked people -* **Now then** - "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here God explains why He will take action. -* **burn hot** - "be very angry" -* **from you** - "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **great power...mighty hand** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **mighty hand** - Here the word "hand" refers to Yahweh's power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had stiff necks. AT: "a stubborn people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now then + +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in what Yahweh was telling Moses. Here Yahweh tells what he will do to the people. + +# My anger will burn hot against them + +Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could burn hot. AT: "My anger towards them will be terrible" or "I am extremely angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from you + +The word "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# why does your anger burn against your people ... a mighty hand? + +Moses used this question to to try to persuade Yahweh not to be so angry with his people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Do not let your anger burn against your people ... a mighty hand." or "Do not be so angry with your people ... a mighty hand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# great power ... mighty hand + +These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# a mighty hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to the things Yahweh did. AT: "and the powerful things you did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/12.md b/exo/32/12.md index 020b428199..1a048c986c 100644 --- a/exo/32/12.md +++ b/exo/32/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Moses continues to reason with God not to destroy Israel. -## translationNotes +# Why should the Egyptians say, 'He led them out ... to destroy them from the face of the earth?' -* Moses continues to reason with God not to destroy Israel. -* **face of the earth** - “over the whole earth” (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **swore** - to have made an oath +Moses used this question to try to persuade God not to destroy his people. This rhetorical question can be translated with a statement. AT: If you destroy your people, the Egyptians might say, 'He led them out ... to destroy them from the face of the earth.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# face of the earth + +"from the surface of the earth" or "from the earth" + +# Turn from your burning anger + +"Stop your burning anger" or "Stop being so angry" + +# your burning anger + +Moses speaks of God's anger as if it were a fire that was burning. AT: "your terrible anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Call to mind Abraham + +"Remember Abraham" or "Think about Abraham" + +# swore + +"made an oath" or "solemnly promised" + +# They will inherit it forever + +God speaks about them possessing the land as if they would inherit it. AT: "They will possess it forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/15.md b/exo/32/15.md index 694f79dc38..3e022554c0 100644 --- a/exo/32/15.md +++ b/exo/32/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# tablets of the covenant decrees -* [[en:tw:tencommandments]] -* [[en:tw:tencommandments|Ten Commandments]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +These are the two stone slabs on which God had engraved his commandments. -## translationNotes +# The tablets were God's own work, and the writing was God's own writing -* **The tablets were God's own work, and the writing was God's own writing** - These two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains how the tablets were "God's own work."(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains how the tablets were "God's own work." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/17.md b/exo/32/17.md index 42df28bb96..96f55b4796 100644 --- a/exo/32/17.md +++ b/exo/32/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# he said to Moses -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] - -## translationNotes - -* **he said to Moses** - It is assumed that Joshua did not go into the cloud with Moses (See: [[en:bible:notes:exo:24:16]]). It is assumed that Joshua joined Moses at this point on the side of the mountain and finished coming down together (see: [[en:bible:notes:exo:24:12]]). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +It is assumed that Joshua met Moses while Moses was going back to the camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/19.md b/exo/32/19.md index f3e074457d..09760360fb 100644 --- a/exo/32/19.md +++ b/exo/32/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the tablets -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] - -## translationNotes - -* **tablets** - the ten commandments +"the two stone slabs that Yahweh had written on" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/21.md b/exo/32/21.md index 9f9f45c54b..2b35f6aaf7 100644 --- a/exo/32/21.md +++ b/exo/32/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Moses said to Aaron, "What did this people ... a great sin on them?" -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "Then Moses asked Aaron what the people do to him, that he have brought such a great sin on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# you have brought such a great sin on them -* **let your anger burn hot** - "become very angry" -* **I threw it into the fire and out came this calf** - instead of taking ownership for making the calf, Aaron claims the calf came out of the fire supernaturally. +Moses spoke of causing people to sin as if sin were an object and Aaron put it on them. AT: "you have caused them to sin so terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not let your anger burn hot + +Aaron spoke of Moses' anger as if it were a fire that could burn. "Do not be so angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are set on doing evil + +Being determined to do evil is spoken of as being set on evil. AT: "they are determined to do what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this Moses + +People showed disrespect by putting the word "this" before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust. + +# So I said to them, 'Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.' + +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "So I told them that whoever had any gold should take it off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf + +Instead of taking ownership for making the calf, Aaron claims the calf came out of the fire supernaturally. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/25.md b/exo/32/25.md index 1b00eb9c71..27c9bb5d3f 100644 --- a/exo/32/25.md +++ b/exo/32/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# were running wild -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"were behaving wildly" or "were not controlling themselves" -## translationNotes +# Then Moses stood at the entrance ... "Whoever is on Yahweh's side, come to me." -* **running wild** - acting in an unrestrained manner -* **to mocking from their enemies** - "brought them to shame before their enemies" -* **go back and forth from entrance to entrance** - "go in and out from one entrance of the camp to the other entrance." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) "entrance to entrance" represents the whole camp. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "Then Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said that whoever was on Yahweh's side should come to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Whoever is on Yahweh's side + +Moses speaks of being loyal to Yahweh as being on Yahweh's side. AT: "Whoever is loyal to Yahweh" or "Whoever serves Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# go back and forth from entrance to entrance + +"go from side of the camp to the other, starting at one entrance to the camp and going to the entrance on the other side of the camp" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/28.md b/exo/32/28.md index 79df397870..12d0885de0 100644 --- a/exo/32/28.md +++ b/exo/32/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# three thousand of the people -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"3000 of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# You have been placed into Yahweh's service -* ** into Yahweh's service today** - The levites did not slay their brothers on their own accord, but out of obedience to Yahweh. +This probably means "You have been chosen to serve Yahweh" or "You have become Yahweh's servants." + +# for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother + +The fact that they did this in obedience to God can be stated clearly. AT: "for you have obeyed Yahweh and killed your sons and your brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/30.md b/exo/32/30.md index 9e6c45d707..ee5c6601df 100644 --- a/exo/32/30.md +++ b/exo/32/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You have committed a very great sin -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +They worshiped an idol. -## translationNotes +# Perhaps I can make atonement for your sin -* **You have committed a very great sin** - They worshipped an idol over God. This was God's first commandment, do not worship other gods before him. +Moses spoke of persuading God to forgive the people as if he could make atonement for their sin. AT: "Perhaps I can persuade Yahweh to forgive you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blot me out of the book + +The word "me" here refers to the name of Moses. AT: "erase my name from the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the book that you have written + +What God had written in the book can be stated clearly. AT: "the book in which you have written the names of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/33.md b/exo/32/33.md index 60f77909cd..715a627d10 100644 --- a/exo/32/33.md +++ b/exo/32/33.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# that person I will blot out of my book -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +The phrase "that person" represents "that person's name." AT: "I will erase that person's name from my book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# my book -* **I will blot out of my book** - This is God's book of Life. -* ** But on the day that I punish them, I will punish them** - On the day that God decides to punish them, it will be clear that it is God who is judging them. +This refers to the book of Yahweh that Moses spoke of in [Exodus 32:32](./30.md). + +# But on the day that I punish them, I will punish them + +On the day that God decides to punish them, it will be clear that it is God who is judging them. + +# Yahweh sent a plague on the people + +This plague may have been a serious illness. AT: "Yahweh made the people very sick" + +# they had made the calf, the one that Aaron made + +Even though Aaron made the calf, the people were also guilty because they told Aaron to do it. AT: "they told Aaron to make the calf" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/intro.md b/exo/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..07cbc99afd --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Exodus 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The events of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen at the same time as chapters 20-31. + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 32:18, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Idolatry ##### +The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/01.md b/exo/33/01.md index 7b30e00ebf..1814f738e4 100644 --- a/exo/33/01.md +++ b/exo/33/01.md @@ -1,44 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:abraham|Abraham, Abram]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hittite|Hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:isaac|Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites|Jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite|Perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses of his anger. -## translationNotes +# that land, which is flowing with milk and honey -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses of his anger. -* **land ... flowing with milk and honey** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:exo:03:07]]. -* **a stubborn people** - "people who refuse to change" +The land was good for raising livestock and growing crops. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/07.md). AT: "a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flowing with + +"full of" or "with an abundance of" + +# milk + +Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. AT: "food from livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honey + +Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. AT: "food from crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a stubborn people + +"people who refuse to change" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/04.md b/exo/33/04.md index 9fb06d1872..b9c1d5d2f4 100644 --- a/exo/33/04.md +++ b/exo/33/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# jewelry -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:horeb|Horeb]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +beautiful clothing as well as chains and rings with jewels in them -## translationNotes +# a stubborn people -* Moses continues to tell Israel what Yahweh has said to them. -* **jewelry** - beautiful clothing as well as jeweled chains and rings -* **stubborn** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:33:01]] +"people who refuse to change." See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:3](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/07.md b/exo/33/07.md index d94e63b104..55a245ecac 100644 --- a/exo/33/07.md +++ b/exo/33/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the pillar of cloud -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|Tent of Meeting]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The cloud had the shape of a pillar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:22](../13/19.md). AT: "the cloud shaped like a pillar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# would come down -* **would come down** - from the sky (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Where it came down from can be stated clearly. AT: "would come down from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/10.md b/exo/33/10.md index d8f0e9dfaa..b6ae75ae27 100644 --- a/exo/33/10.md +++ b/exo/33/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh would speak to Moses face to face -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Speaking directly rather than through dreams and visions, is spoken of as if Moses and God saw each other's faces while they spoke. AT: "Yahweh would speak directly to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# young man -* **young man** - old enough to be a soldier ([[:en:bible:notes:exo:17:08]]), but much younger than Moses +old enough to be a soldier ([Exodus 17:9-10](../17/08.md)), but much younger than Moses \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/12.md b/exo/33/12.md index 045941b5ad..3d56c4be9c 100644 --- a/exo/33/12.md +++ b/exo/33/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -## translationNotes +# I know you by name -* **See** - AT: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **show me your ways** - Possible meanings: 1) "show me what you are going to do in the future" (see UDB) or 2) "show me how people can do what pleases you." +To know someone by name is to know them well. AT: "I know you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you have also found favor in my eyes + +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God's evaluation. AT: "I have evaluated you and approve" or "I am pleased with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now if I have found favor in your eyes + +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God's evaluation. AT: "Now If you are pleased with me" or "Now if you approve of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# show me your ways + +Possible meanings: 1) "show me what you are going to do in the future" or 2) "show me how people can do what pleases you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/14.md b/exo/33/14.md index 5c32baa67c..f75c7ae633 100644 --- a/exo/33/14.md +++ b/exo/33/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# My own presence will go -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God's presence represents himself. AT: "I will go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# go with you ... give you -* **go with you...give you** - go with and give to Moses (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **how will it be known...?** - AT: "no one will know...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will it not only be...?** - AT: "People will only know...." +The word "you" here refers to Moses. It is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I will give you rest + +"I will let you rest" + +# For otherwise + +"For if your presence does not go with us" + +# how will it be known + +This can be expressed with an active form. AT: how will people know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# how will it be known ... people? + +Moses used this question in order to emphasize that if God does not go with them, no one will know that Moses had found favor in God's sight. AT: "no one will know ... people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will it not only be if + +"Will it not only be known if" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/17.md b/exo/33/17.md index 942779ab36..4c5e40681a 100644 --- a/exo/33/17.md +++ b/exo/33/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +When Yahweh uses the word "you" in this verse, it is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# you have found favor in my eyes +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](./12.md). AT: "I am pleased with you" or "I approve of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I know you by name + +To know someone by name is to know them well. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](./12.md). AT: "I know you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/19.md b/exo/33/19.md index be8058b472..2badad33b1 100644 --- a/exo/33/19.md +++ b/exo/33/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# I will make all my goodness pass before you -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **I will make all my goodness pass before you** - AT: "I will move past you so that you may see my goodness” +God speaks of walking past Moses so that Moses can see his goodness as if only his goodness would go past Moses. AT: "I will move past you so that you may see my goodness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/21.md b/exo/33/21.md index 3f61a7b6ca..459f0d1871 100644 --- a/exo/33/21.md +++ b/exo/33/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -## translationNotes +# you will see my back -* **See** - “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **you will see my back, but my face will not be seen** - because Yahweh will be walking away from Moses +This is because Yahweh will be walking away from Moses. + +# but my face will not be seen + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "but you will not see my face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/intro.md b/exo/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..202197896d --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 33 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant ##### +While the covenants Yahweh made may not be conditioned upon the obedience of Israel, it is clear that their conquering of the Promised Land was conditioned on their obedience to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/01.md b/exo/34/01.md index c0f43cfeb7..7c3e5e5f3c 100644 --- a/exo/34/01.md +++ b/exo/34/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# tablets -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **present yourself there** - This was an order, not a request. +"flat slabs of stone." See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:18](../31/18.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/03.md b/exo/34/03.md index 575272d266..af339d6152 100644 --- a/exo/34/03.md +++ b/exo/34/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# Do not let anyone else be seen anywhere on the mountain -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain** - "Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat" +Being seen doing something represents doing that. AT: "Do not let anyone else be anywhere on the mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain + +"Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/05.md b/exo/34/05.md index 3cd7d86b90..c2b91818da 100644 --- a/exo/34/05.md +++ b/exo/34/05.md @@ -1,29 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# stood with Moses there -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"stood with Moses on the mountain" -## translationNotes +# he pronounced the name "Yahweh." -* **stood with Moses there** - "stood with Moses on the mountain" -* **he pronounced the name** - "he spoke the name." Here "he" refers to Yahweh. -* **God is merciful and gracious** - "God is fully of mercy and grace" -* **and abounding in** - "and always shows" or "and is full of" -* **covenant faithfulness** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:20:04]] -* **But he will** - Yahweh is speaking about himself. -* **he will by no means clear the guilty** - This means that God will surely punish those who are guilty. AT: “he will punish those who are guilty.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "he spoke the name 'Yahweh.'" or 2) "he proclaimed who Yahweh is." For the second meaning, "name" would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious + +God is speaking about himself. AT: "I, Yahweh, am God, and I am merciful and gracious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness + +"always showing covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness" + +# abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "trustworthy." AT: "always being faithful to my covenant and always being trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# keeping covenant faithfulness for thousands of generations + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 20:6](../20/04.md). AT: "faithfully loving thousands of generations" or "faithful to his covenant with thousands of generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# But he will + +Yahweh is speaking about himself. AT: "But I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he will by no means clear the guilty + +Yahweh is speaking about himself. AT: "I will by no means clear the guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# will by no means clear the guilty + +"will certainly not clear the guilty" or "will certainly not say that the guilty are innocent" or "will certainly not free guilty people" + +# He will bring the punishment for the fathers' sin on their children + +Punishing people is spoken of as if punishment were an object that someone could bring on people. AT: "He will punish the children for their fathers' sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their children + +The word "children" represents descendants. AT: "their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/08.md b/exo/34/08.md index d5aa6c05d0..289fb9cb39 100644 --- a/exo/34/08.md +++ b/exo/34/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# If now I have found favor in your eyes -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). AT: "Now If you are pleased with me" or "Now if you approve of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# our iniquity and our sin -* **found favor in your sight** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:33:12]]. -* **my Lord** - The Hebrew here actually is “my Lord,” and not “Yahweh.” -* **please go among us** - Here "us" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **our iniquity and our sin** - The words "iniquity" and "sin" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The words "iniquity" and "sin" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "all our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# take us as your inheritance + +Something that someone possesses forever is spoken of as if it were something that they had inherited. AT: "take us as the people that you possess forever" or "accept us as the people who belong to you forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/10.md b/exo/34/10.md index 7d2b84f2cf..6da64cc5f1 100644 --- a/exo/34/10.md +++ b/exo/34/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# your people -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "your" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# it is a fearful thing that I am doing with you -* **your people** - Here "your" refers to Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **I am doing with you** - Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. +A fearful thing is a thing that causes people to be afraid. In this case, people will fear God when they see what he does. AT: "what I do for you will cause people to fear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am doing with you + +Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/12.md b/exo/34/12.md index 1df67ddd6a..b6a376b7be 100644 --- a/exo/34/12.md +++ b/exo/34/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. Here he tells him what Moses and the people must do. -## translationNotes +# they will become a trap among you -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **they will become a trap among you** - This emphasizes that they will cause the people of Israel to sin. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **whose name is 'Jealous'** - it is a part of God's character that he actively pursues to guard his people from worshiping other god's before him. +People who tempt others to sin are spoken of as if they were a trap. AT: "they will tempt you to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh, whose name is Jealous + +The word "Jealous" here means that God is concerned to keep his honor. If his people worship other gods, he loses honor, because when his people do not honor him, other people also will not honor him. AT: "I, Yahweh, always guard my honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whose name is Jealous, + +The word "name" here represents God's character. AT: "I, Yahweh, who am always jealous" or "I, Yahweh, am always jealous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/15.md b/exo/34/15.md index ad37e6fada..29aad85491 100644 --- a/exo/34/15.md +++ b/exo/34/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses how his people are to behave towards outsiders. -## translationNotes +# for they prostitute themselves to their gods -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **commit adultery and go after their gods** - This compares Yahweh to a husband and the people to his wife. If they worship other gods it is like a wife who is unfaithful to her husband. AT: "worship other gods" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **You must mold no idols** - "You must not make idols" +God speaks of people worshiping other gods as if they were prostitutes going to other men. AT: "for they worship other gods" or "because they worship other gods like prostitutes who go to other men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will eat some of his sacrifice + +The consequence of eating food that is sacrificed to another god can be stated clearly. AT: "you will eat some of his sacrifice and become guilty of worshiping his gods" or "and you will prostitute yourself to his god by eating some of his sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/18.md b/exo/34/18.md index 8bd30797fc..69fabdc23f 100644 --- a/exo/34/18.md +++ b/exo/34/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# seven days -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **seven days** - "7 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **in the month of Abib** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:13:03]]. +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the month of Aviv + +This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated "Aviv" in [Exodus 13:4](../13/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/19.md b/exo/34/19.md index 7b661de5b1..ec93aab93c 100644 --- a/exo/34/19.md +++ b/exo/34/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# buy back -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **buy back** - Firstborn sons and firstborn donkeys belonged to Yahweh, but Yahweh did not want them sacrificed to Him. Instead, the Israelites were to sacrifice a lamb in their place. This allowed the Israelites to “buy” the donkeys and sons from Yahweh. -* **no one may appear before me empty-handed** - handed** - "no one may come to me without an offering." AT: "Every person who comes to me must bring an offering" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Firstborn sons and firstborn donkeys belonged to Yahweh, but Yahweh did not want them sacrificed to Him. Instead, the Israelites were to sacrifice a lamb in their place. This allowed the Israelites to buy the donkeys and sons back from Yahweh. + +# No one may appear before me empty-handed + +God speaks of the offering as if the person was to carry it in his hands. AT: "No one may come to me without an offering" or "Everyone who comes to me must bring me an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/21.md b/exo/34/21.md index b19f8924e8..37aad4acaa 100644 --- a/exo/34/21.md +++ b/exo/34/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:pentecost]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# Even at plowing time and in harvest -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **even at plowing time and in harvest** - "even when you are preparing the soil or gathering the crops" -* **Festival of Ingathering** - This festival was also known as the Festival of Shelters or the Festival of Booths. The idea came from the practice of the farmers living in temporary booths, or huts, out in the fields to guard the crop as it ripened. "Ingathering" means when they gather their crop. +"Even when you are preparing the soil or gathering the crops" + +# Festival of Ingathering + +This festival was also known as the Festival of Shelters or the Festival of Booths. The idea came from the practice of the farmers living in temporary booths, or huts, out in the fields to guard the crop as it ripened. The word "Ingathering" means when they harvest their crop. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/23.md b/exo/34/23.md index 8613ea051a..bc810681f8 100644 --- a/exo/34/23.md +++ b/exo/34/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/25.md b/exo/34/25.md index 0e22a97627..df0ecacbba 100644 --- a/exo/34/25.md +++ b/exo/34/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the blood of my sacrifice -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. +The fact that the blood is from an animal can be stated clearly. AT: "the blood of an animal that you sacrifice to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with any yeast + +The fact that any yeast would be in bread can be stated clearly. AT: "with bread that has yeast in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/27.md b/exo/34/27.md index 48a04bf5b0..5728811548 100644 --- a/exo/34/27.md +++ b/exo/34/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses was there -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:tencommandments]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Moses was on the mountain" -## translationNotes +# forty days -* **Moses was there** - "Moses was on the mountain" -* **forty days** - "40 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **He wrote** - "Moses wrote" +"40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# for forty days and nights + +"for forty days, both day and night" + +# He wrote + +"Moses wrote" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/29.md b/exo/34/29.md index 3870018f28..bf574bc807 100644 --- a/exo/34/29.md +++ b/exo/34/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# had become radiant -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] +"had started to shine" -## translationNotes +# came up to him -* **had become radiant** - "had started to shine" +"approached him" or "went to him." They did not go up the mountain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/32.md b/exo/34/32.md index 52f58d94ff..178049cff1 100644 --- a/exo/34/32.md +++ b/exo/34/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# all the commands that Yahweh had given him -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] -* [[en:tw:veil|veil]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **he put a veil over his face** - AT: "He put a veil over his face because it was still shining." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Telling commands is spoken of as if the commands were objects that could be given. AT: "all the commands that Yahweh had told him" or "everything that Yahweh had commanded them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/34.md b/exo/34/34.md index 857f3a56f1..c87292f64b 100644 --- a/exo/34/34.md +++ b/exo/34/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he would remove -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Moses would remove" -## translationNotes +# what he was commanded -* **he would remove** - "Moses would remove" -* **what he had been instructed** - AT: "what Yahweh had commanded him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what Yahweh had commanded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/intro.md b/exo/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7d90646fd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 34 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "He will bring the punishment for the fathers' sin on their children" ##### +This phrase does not mean that a child is necessarily punished for the sins of their parents. Many scholars believe that this passage indicates that a parent's sins will have consequences that will affect their children and grandchildren. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/01.md b/exo/35/01.md index e128dbade4..6a665ff06f 100644 --- a/exo/35/01.md +++ b/exo/35/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the seventh day -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"day number seven" or "Saturday" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death -* **Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death** - AT: "You must kill anyone who does work on that day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must kill anyone who does work on that day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/04.md b/exo/35/04.md index 8d54c0be27..1a5ce2bcc6 100644 --- a/exo/35/04.md +++ b/exo/35/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md). -## translationNotes +# Take an offering for Yahweh -* **Take an offering...ephod and breastpiece** - For 35:5-9 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:01]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:03]]. -* **Take an offering for Yahweh** - "Take up a collection for Yahweh" +"Take up a collection for Yahweh" + +# all of you who have a willing heart + +Here "heart" refers to the person bringing the offering. AT: "everyone who is willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/10.md b/exo/35/10.md index 7545ef717f..d81f4801b7 100644 --- a/exo/35/10.md +++ b/exo/35/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Moses continues telling the people what God commanded them to do. -## translationNotes +# Every skilled man -* Moses continues telling the people what God commanded them to do. -* **Every skilled man** - "Every man with a skill" -* **clasp** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:04]]. -* **bases** - These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:31]]. -* **atonement lid** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:15]]. +"Every man with a skill" + +# clasps + +The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4-6](../26/04.md). + +# bases + +These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md). + +# atonement lid + +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/13.md b/exo/35/13.md index c2f8151157..5a6d9014b9 100644 --- a/exo/35/13.md +++ b/exo/35/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They brought -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +"The people of Israel brought" -## translationNotes +# bread of the presence -* **They brought** - "The people of Israel brought" -* **bread of the presence** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:28]]. -* **bronze grate** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:03]]. +This bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:30](../25/28.md). + +# bronze grate + +This is a frame of crossed bronze bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated "grate" in [Exodus 27:4](../27/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/17.md b/exo/35/17.md index 7e3b30571c..328eda8fa5 100644 --- a/exo/35/17.md +++ b/exo/35/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# hangings -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). -## translationNotes +# posts -* **hangings...posts...bases...tent pegs** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:17]]. -* **fine woven garments...serve as priests** - For 35:19 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:10]]. +These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/09.md). + +# bases + +These were blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). + +# tent pegs + +sharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/17.md). + +# finely-woven garments + +This was clothing made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/20.md b/exo/35/20.md index ccf5300324..d64c2b394f 100644 --- a/exo/35/20.md +++ b/exo/35/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# all the tribes of Israel -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This refers to the people in the tribes. AT: "the people from all the tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# whose heart stirred him up -* **whose heart stirred him up and whom his spirit made willing** - AT: "who desired to" or "who wanted to" -* **brooches, earrings, rings, and ornaments** - These are different kinds of jewelry. +Here "heart" refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. AT: "who responded to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whom his spirit made willing + +Here "spirit" refers to the person. AT: "who was willing" or "who wanted to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all who had a willing heart + +Here "heart" refers to the person. AT: "everyone who was willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# brooches, earrings, rings, and ornaments + +These are different kinds of jewelry. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/23.md b/exo/35/23.md index d61cd80858..8e5104e6e3 100644 --- a/exo/35/23.md +++ b/exo/35/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Everyone who had ... brought them -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Everyone who had...brought them** - For 35:23 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:03]]. +For 35:23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:4-5](../25/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/25.md b/exo/35/25.md index 97e33070e9..d7d49e4c84 100644 --- a/exo/35/25.md +++ b/exo/35/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# blue, purple, or scarlet wool -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Possible meanings are 1) "material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet," probably wool yarn, or 2) "blue, purple and scarlet dye" to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/03.md). -## translationNotes +# whose hearts stirred them up -* **blue, purple, or scarlet wool, or fine linen...goats' hair** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:03]]. +Here "hearts" refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. AT: "who responded to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/27.md b/exo/35/27.md index 5052613f16..b2d236a163 100644 --- a/exo/35/27.md +++ b/exo/35/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The leaders brought ... Moses to be made -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] +For 35:27-29 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:1-2](../25/01.md) and [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md). -## translationNotes +# whose heart was willing -* **The leaders brought...Moses to be made** - For 35:27-29 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:01]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:03]]. +Here "heart" refers to the people. AT: "who was willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/30.md b/exo/35/30.md index d825ce8e55..2c54c81805 100644 --- a/exo/35/30.md +++ b/exo/35/30.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He has filled Bezalel with his Spirit -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God's Spirit who gave Bezalel the ability to work is spoken of here as if he was something that filled up Bezalel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# design and craftsmanship -* **Moses said...design and craftmanship** - For 35:30-33 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:01]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:03]]. +For 35:30-33 see how you translated these words in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md) and [Exodus 31:3-5](../31/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/34.md b/exo/35/34.md index 2ecb79c08c..c20cfe16a6 100644 --- a/exo/35/34.md +++ b/exo/35/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Moses continues speaking to the people. -## translationNotes +# He has put it in his heart to teach -* Moses continues speaking to the people. -* **He has put it in his heart** - AT: "Yahweh has given Bezalel the desire" -* **Oholiab, son of Ahisamach, from the tribe of Dan** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:06]]. -* **engravers** - a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood or stone -* **embroiderer** - a person who sews designs into cloth -* **craftsman** - a person who is skilled in making beautiful objects by hand -* **weavers** - a person who creates cloth using thread -* **artistic designers** - a person who creates beauty with materials +Here "heart" refers to Bezalel. The ability to teach is spoken of as if it something that could be placed in a heart. AT: "He gave Bezalel the ability to teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# filled them with skill + +Skill to create beautiful objects is spoken of as if it was something that could fill up a person. AT: "made them very skillful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Oholiab son of Ahisamak, from the tribe of Dan + +"Oholiab" and "Ahisamak" are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# engravers + +a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal + +# embroiderers + +people who sew designs into cloth + +# craftsmen + +people who are skilled in making beautiful objects by hand + +# weavers + +a person who creates cloth using thread + +# artistic designers + +a person who creates beauty with materials \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/intro.md b/exo/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c90b38d811 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 35 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sacrifice ##### +All of the people offered sacrifices to Yahweh. This was a form of worship and a sign of repentance from making the golden calf idol. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/01.md b/exo/36/01.md index 8d7403f487..914ca1b7d2 100644 --- a/exo/36/01.md +++ b/exo/36/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people. -## translationNotes +# Bezalel -* Moses continues speaking to the people. -* **Bezalel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:01]]. -* **Oholiab** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:06]]. -* **every wise hearted person** - AT: "every wise person" +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Oholiab + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to whom Yahweh has given skill and ability + +Here skill and ability are spoken of as if they are something that Yahweh can place inside a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# according to all that Yahweh has commanded + +"just as Yahweh has commanded" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/02.md b/exo/36/02.md index e447e975d9..3b18bdbeda 100644 --- a/exo/36/02.md +++ b/exo/36/02.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Bezalel -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Oholiab -* **Bezalel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:01]]. -* **Oholiab** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:06]]. -* **whose mind Yahweh had given skill** - Those who have been given knowledge and understanding in these skills by God. -* **whose heart stirred within him ** - Those who greatly desired to do the work. +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in whose mind Yahweh had given skill + +Here "mind" refers to the person who was made skillful by Yahweh. AT: "to whom Yahweh had given skill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# whose heart stirred within him + +Here "heart" refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. AT: "who responded to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/05.md b/exo/36/05.md index 120a9c5209..d2578fdd4f 100644 --- a/exo/36/05.md +++ b/exo/36/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The craftsmen told Moses ... commanded us to do." -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "The craftsmen told Moses that the people were bringing much more than enough for doing the work that Yahweh has commanded them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# The craftsmen told Moses -* **They told Moses** - "The men working on the sanctuary told Moses" +"The men working on the sanctuary told Moses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/08.md b/exo/36/08.md index 8bc6112dd0..918abf94e3 100644 --- a/exo/36/08.md +++ b/exo/36/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So all the craftsmen ... joined to each other -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +For 38:8-10 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:1-3](../26/01.md). -## translationNotes +# ten curtains made from fine linen -* **So all the craftsmen...joined to each other** - For 38:8-10 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:01]]. -* **ten curtains made from fine linen** - These curtains are sheets of cloth woven and sewed together so that they can hang to form a wall or tent. -* **Bezalel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:01]]. +These curtains are sheets of cloth woven and sewed together so that they can hang to form a wall or tent. + +# Bezalel + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/11.md b/exo/36/11.md index 1c26d9bde2..ae8ff94d34 100644 --- a/exo/36/11.md +++ b/exo/36/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He made loops ... became united -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +For 36:11-13 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:4-6](../26/04.md). -## translationNotes +# loops of blue -* **He made loops...became united** - For 36:11-13 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:04]]. -* **curtain** - See how you translated curtain in [[en:bible:notes:exo:36:08]] -* **He made** - Here "he" refers to Bezalel but it includes all the men working on the sanctuary. -* ** fifty gold clasps ** - "50 gold clasps" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +loops of blue cloth + +# curtain + +These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:01](../26/01.md). + +# He made + +Here "he" refers to Bezalel, but it includes all the men working on the sanctuary. + +# fifty gold clasps + +"50 gold clasps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/14.md b/exo/36/14.md index a0a8165d42..5c60e10b55 100644 --- a/exo/36/14.md +++ b/exo/36/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Bezalel made curtains ... the second set -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +For 36:14-17 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:7-9](../26/07.md) and [Exodus 26:10](../26/10.md). -## translationNotes +# made eleven -* **Bezalel made curtains...the second set** - For 36:14-17 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:07]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:10]]. -* **made eleven** - "made 11" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **thirty cubits** - "30 cubits" -* **fifty loops** - "50 loops" +"made 11" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# thirty cubits + +"30 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# fifty loops + +"50 loops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/18.md b/exo/36/18.md index 0a9963e616..ee4be4930a 100644 --- a/exo/36/18.md +++ b/exo/36/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Bezalel made ... to go above that -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +For 36:18-19 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:11](../26/10.md) and [Exodus 26:14](../26/12.md). -## translationNotes +# fifty bronze clasps -* **Bezalel made...to go above that** - For 36:18-19 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:10]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:12]]. -* ** fifty bronze clasps** - "50 bronze clasps" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"50 bronze clasps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/20.md b/exo/36/20.md index 679a891cdc..206e26dbfa 100644 --- a/exo/36/20.md +++ b/exo/36/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Bezalel made ... for the south side -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +For 36:20-23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:15-18](../26/15.md). -## translationNotes +# ten cubits ... one and a half cubits -* **Bezalel made...south side** - For 36:20-23 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:15]]. -* **two projections in each board** - A projection is a small piece of wood sticking out beyond the end of the board so it can be secured. +"10 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# two wooden pegs for joining + +A wooden peg is a small piece of wood sticking out beyond the end of the board so it can be secured. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/24.md b/exo/36/24.md index a68f15ff08..0193da2a3c 100644 --- a/exo/36/24.md +++ b/exo/36/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Bezalel made ... and so on -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +For 36:24-26 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:19-21](../26/19.md). -## translationNotes +# forty silver bases -* **Bezalel made...and so on** - For 36:24-26 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:19]]. -* **forty silver bases** - "40 silver bases" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **twenty boards** - "20 boards" -* **and so on** - there will be two bases under each and every board. +"40 silver bases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twenty frames + +"20 frames" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# and so on + +There will be two bases under each and every frame. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/27.md b/exo/36/27.md index 3566b0c6cd..8608569db5 100644 --- a/exo/36/27.md +++ b/exo/36/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For the back ... of the tabernacle -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] +For 36:27-28 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:22-23](../26/22.md). -## translationNotes +# on the west -* **For the back...of the tabernacle** - For 36:27-28 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:22]]. +on the side that is on the west + +# for the back corners + +for the corners at the rear of the tabernacle \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/29.md b/exo/36/29.md index 03a5459f6a..b68de6b05f 100644 --- a/exo/36/29.md +++ b/exo/36/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# These frames ... and so on -* [[en:tw:silver]] +For 36:29-30 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:24-25](../26/22.md). -## translationNotes +# sixteen bases in all -* **These boards...and so on** - For 36:29-30 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:22]]. -* **sixteen bases in all** - "16 bases in all" +"16 bases in all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# and so on + +There will be two bases under each and every frame. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/31.md b/exo/36/31.md index d91861ee48..152706e09f 100644 --- a/exo/36/31.md +++ b/exo/36/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Bezalel made ... with gold -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +For 36:31-34 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:26-28](../26/26.md) and [Exodus 26:29](../26/29.md). -## translationNotes +# to the west -* **Bezalel made...with gold** - For 36:31-34 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:26]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:29]]. +on the west side + +# from end to end + +from one side of the tabernacle to the other side \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/35.md b/exo/36/35.md index b25ec2503b..ee4f41d282 100644 --- a/exo/36/35.md +++ b/exo/36/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Bezalel made ... silver bases -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Bezalel made...silver bases** - For 36:35-36 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:31]]. +For 36:35-36 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:31-32](../26/31.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/37.md b/exo/36/37.md index 70c8eabb4b..c59cc0cad5 100644 --- a/exo/36/37.md +++ b/exo/36/37.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He made ... made of bronze -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +For 36:37-38 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:36-37](../26/36.md). -## translationNotes +# He made -* **He made...made of bronze** - For 36:37-38 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:26:36]]. +Here "he" refers to Bezalel and those working for him. "Bezalel and his men made" + +# a hanging + +a curtain \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/intro.md b/exo/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..736ef4cd40 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 36 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tent of meeting ##### +The tent of meeting, or tabernacle, mentioned in previous chapters is constructed in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/01.md b/exo/37/01.md index 74f0f3aa92..491ebad96f 100644 --- a/exo/37/01.md +++ b/exo/37/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Bezalel -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# two and a half cubits ... one cubit and a half -* **Bezalel made...on the other side** - For 37:1-3 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:10]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:12]]. -* **Bezalel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:01]]. +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2.5 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" or "115 centimeters ... 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# its four feet + +These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/04.md b/exo/37/04.md index d3e9a14f2c..f9b518d562 100644 --- a/exo/37/04.md +++ b/exo/37/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# He made ... and a half cubits -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **He made...and a half cubits** - For 37:4-6 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:12]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:15]]. -* **He made** - Though "he" refers to Bezalel, "he" may include all of the workers who assisted him. +For 37:4-6 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:13-14](../25/12.md) and [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). + +# He made + +Though "he" refers to Bezalel, "he" may include all of the workers who assisted him. + +# two and a half cubits ... one and a half cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2.5 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" or "115 centimeters ... 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/07.md b/exo/37/07.md index 837315db2c..79c18132eb 100644 --- a/exo/37/07.md +++ b/exo/37/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# Bezalel made ... the center of the atonement lid -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **Bezalel made...the center of the atonement lid** - For 37:7-9 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:15]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:19]]. -* **They were made as one piece** - AT: "He made them as one piece" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +For 37:7-9 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:18](../25/15.md) and [Exodus 25:19-20](../25/19.md). + +# They were made as one piece + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He made them as one piece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The cherubim spread out their wings upward and overshadowed + +Bezalel placed the statues of the cherubim as if they were real cherubim which were spreading their wings and overshadowing the atonement lid. AT: "They placed the winged creatures so that their wings touched each other and spread out over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The cherubim faced one another and looked toward + +"The faces of the cherubim were towards each other, and they looked toward" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/10.md b/exo/37/10.md index 5d3f3ba164..7fcb7e0336 100644 --- a/exo/37/10.md +++ b/exo/37/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# Bezalel made ... four feet were -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **Bezalel made...four feet were** - For 37:10-13 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:23]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:25]]. -* **handbreadth** - This was the width of a man's hand with fingers spread out. +For 37:10-13 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:23-24](../25/23.md) and [Exodus 25:25-26](../25/25.md). + +# two cubits ... one cubit ... one and a half cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2 cubits ... 1 cubit ... 1.5 cubits" or "92 centimeters ... 46 centimeters ... 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# handbreadth + +This was the width of a man's hand with fingers spread out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the four feet + +These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/14.md b/exo/37/14.md index 7eeaca22ae..fcc06bd6d6 100644 --- a/exo/37/14.md +++ b/exo/37/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -## translationNotes +# The rings ... out of pure gold -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **The rings...out of pure gold** - For 37:14-16 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:25]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:28]]. -* **The rings were attached** - AT: "Bezalel attached the rings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **dishes, spoons, the bowls, and pitchers to be used to pour out the offerings** - It is only the bowls and pitchers that are used to pour out the offerings. AT: "plates and cups, and also the jars and bowls which the priests will use for pouring out the offerings" +For 37:14-16 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:27](../25/25.md) and [Exodus 25:28-29](../25/28.md). + +# The rings were attached + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Bezalel attached the rings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# dishes, spoons, the bowls, and pitchers to be used to pour out the offerings + +It is only the bowls and pitchers that are used to pour out the offerings. AT: "plates and cups, and also the jars and bowls which the priests will use for pouring out the offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/17.md b/exo/37/17.md index 1da3d2c65f..84630dee94 100644 --- a/exo/37/17.md +++ b/exo/37/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **He made...from the lampstand** - For 37:17-19 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:31]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:33]]. -* **Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers were all made of one piece with it** - AT: "He made the cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers as one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and three cups made like almond blossoms** - AT: "and he made the 3 cups look like almond blossoms" -* **almond blossom** - This is a white or pink flower with five petals. +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He made ... from the lampstand + +For 37:17-19 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:31-32](../25/31.md) and [Exodus 25:33](../25/33.md). + +# Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers were all made of one piece with it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He made the cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers as one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three cups made like almond blossoms + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he made the 3 cups look like almond blossoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# almond blossoms + +An almond blossom is a white or pink flower with five petals that grows on an almond tree. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/20.md b/exo/37/20.md index 9318392c66..ed5101b84c 100644 --- a/exo/37/20.md +++ b/exo/37/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# On the lampstand ... of pure gold -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +For 37:20-22 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:34](../25/33.md) and [Exodus 25:35-36](../25/35.md). -## translationNotes +# there were four cups made like almond blossoms -* **On the lampstand...of pure gold** - For 37:20-22 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:33]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:35]]. -* **there were four cups made like almond blossoms** - AT: "there were 4 cups which Bezalel made to look like almond blossoms" -* **made as one piece with it** - AT: "which he made as one piece with the lampstand" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there were 4 cups which Bezalel made to look like almond blossoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# made as one piece with it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which he made as one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/23.md b/exo/37/23.md index 9011807096..c16ef44ccc 100644 --- a/exo/37/23.md +++ b/exo/37/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# Bezalel made ... talent of pure gold -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **Bezalel made...talent of pure gold** - In 37:23-24 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:37]]. -* **tongs** - This is a tool made from two sticks of wood or metal connected at one end and used for picking up objects. +For 37:23-24 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:37-39](../25/37.md). + +# tongs + +This is a tool made from two sticks of wood or metal connected at one end and used for picking up objects. + +# one talent + +"33 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/25.md b/exo/37/25.md index 448bbf8cbe..dc9ef4e2f4 100644 --- a/exo/37/25.md +++ b/exo/37/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# Bezalel made ... gold for it -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **Bezalel made...gold for it** - For 37:25-26 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:01]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:03]]. -* **Its horns were made as one piece with it** - AT: "He made the horns as one piece with the altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +For 37:25-26 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:1-2](../30/01.md) and [Exodus 30:3](../30/03.md). + +# cubit + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# Its horns were made as one piece with it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He made the horns as one piece with the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/27.md b/exo/37/27.md index 21bc30f034..cd3c37c000 100644 --- a/exo/37/27.md +++ b/exo/37/27.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# He made two golden rings ... with gold -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **He made two golden rings...with gold** - For 37:27-28 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:03]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:05]] -* **to be attached to it** - AT: "which they attached to the altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the work of a perfumer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:22]]. +For 37:27-28 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:4](../30/03.md) and [Exodus 30:5](../30/05.md) + +# to be attached to it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which they attached to the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the work of a perfumer + +A perfumer is skilled in mixing spices and oils. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:25](../30/22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/intro.md b/exo/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..290ad668be --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 37 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The ark of the covenant ##### +The ark, mentioned in previous chapters, is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/01.md b/exo/38/01.md index 66330d1fa9..477e078737 100644 --- a/exo/38/01.md +++ b/exo/38/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# Bezalel made ... equipment with bronze -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **Bezalel made...equipment with bronze** - For 38:1-3 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:01]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:03]]. -* **The horns were made of one piece** - AT: "He made the horns as one piece"(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +For 38:1-3 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:1-2](../27/01.md) and [Exodus 27:3](../27/03.md). + +# cubits + +One cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The horns were made of one piece + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He made the horns as one piece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/04.md b/exo/38/04.md index 32b4f46a23..d72dda4ba8 100644 --- a/exo/38/04.md +++ b/exo/38/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# He made ... for the poles -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **He made...for the poles** - For 38:4-5 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:03]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:05]] -* **to be placed under the ledge** - AT: "which they placed under the ledge" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +For 38:4-5 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:4](../27/03.md) and [Exodus 27:5](../27/05.md). + +# to be placed under the ledge + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which they placed under the ledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/06.md b/exo/38/06.md index 002ad3aab6..6ed4cd73aa 100644 --- a/exo/38/06.md +++ b/exo/38/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# Bezalel made ... out of planks -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **Bezalel made...out of planks** - For 38:6-7 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:07]]. +A plank is a long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board. See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:7-8](../27/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/08.md b/exo/38/08.md index 33506800c1..9e3ba6111a 100644 --- a/exo/38/08.md +++ b/exo/38/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# large bronze basin with a bronze stand -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **large bronze basin with a bronze stand** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:17]]. -* **mirror** - a piece of glass that reflects an image +The stand supported the bronze basin. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:18](../30/17.md). + +# He made the basin out of mirrors + +The bronze came from the mirrors. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "The bronze for the basin came from the mirrors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# mirrors + +A mirror is a piece of polished metal or glass that reflects an image. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/09.md b/exo/38/09.md index dfb769964d..861b6f359c 100644 --- a/exo/38/09.md +++ b/exo/38/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# He also made ... as well as silver rods -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **He also made...as well as silver rods** - For 38:9-10 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:09]]. -* **one hundred...twenty** - "100...20" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +For 38:9-10 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:9-10](../27/09.md). + +# one hundred ... twenty + +"100 ... 20" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/11.md b/exo/38/11.md index 13f70a42df..52a8d15986 100644 --- a/exo/38/11.md +++ b/exo/38/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Likewise along the north side ... posts were silver -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +For 38:11-12 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:11-12](../27/11.md). -## translationNotes +# one hundred ... twenty ... fifty ... ten -* **Likewise along the north side...posts were silver** - For 38:11-12 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:11]]. -* **one hundred...twenty...fifty...ten** - "100...20...50...10" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"100 ... 20 ... 50 ... 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/13.md b/exo/38/13.md index 1059e008bc..db177f10f9 100644 --- a/exo/38/13.md +++ b/exo/38/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The courtyard -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] +For 38:13-16 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:13](../27/11.md) and [Exodus 27:14-16](../27/14.md). -## translationNotes +# fifty ... fifteen ... three -* **The courtyard...make of fine linen** - For 38:13-16 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:11]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:14]]. -* **fifty...fifteen...three** - "50...15...3" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **All the hangings around the courtyard were made of fine linen** - AT: "Bezalel and the workers made all the hangings around the courtyard with fine linen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"50 ... 15 ... 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# All the hangings around the courtyard were made of fine linen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Bezalel and the workers made all the hangings around the courtyard with fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/17.md b/exo/38/17.md index cd87d9b872..fa26b8ecc9 100644 --- a/exo/38/17.md +++ b/exo/38/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The bases ... courtyard were made of bronze -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +For 38:17-20, see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:16](../27/14.md) and [Exodus 27:17-19](../27/17.md). -## translationNotes +# The bases for the posts were made of bronze -* **The bases...courtyard were made of bronze** - For 38:17-20 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:14]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:17]]. -* **The bases for the posts were made of bronze** - AT: "Bezalel and the workers made the bases for the posts out of bronze" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The hooks and rods for the posts were made of silver, and the covering for the tops of the posts was also made of silver** - AT: "They made the hooks, the rods for the posts, and the covering for the tops of the posts out of silver" -* **All the courtyard posts were covered with silver** - AT: "They covered the courtyard posts with silver" -* **twenty...five...four** - "20...5...4" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **The curtain was made of** - AT: "They made the curtain of out" -* **The covering for their tops and its rods were made of silver** - AT: "They made the covering for the tops of the posts and their rods out of silver." -* **All the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard were made of bronze** - AT: "They made all of the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Bezalel and the workers made the bases for the posts out of bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The hooks and rods for the posts were made of silver, and the covering for the tops of the posts was also made of silver + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They made the hooks, the rods for the posts, and the covering for the tops of the posts out of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All the courtyard posts were covered with silver + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They covered the courtyard posts with silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# twenty ... five ... four + +"20 ... 5 ... 4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The curtain was made of + +This can be stated in active form. "They made the curtain out of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The covering for their tops and its rods were made of silver + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They made the covering for the tops of the posts and their rods out of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard were made of bronze + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They made all of the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/21.md b/exo/38/21.md index 495345cf9d..a1aa22567b 100644 --- a/exo/38/21.md +++ b/exo/38/21.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **as it was taken** - AT: "which Moses instructed the Levites to write down" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Ithamar** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:exo:06:23]]. -* **Bezalel son of Uri, son of Hur** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:01]]. -* **Oholiab, son of Ahisamach** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:06]]. -* **engraver, as a skillful workman, and as an embroiderer in blue, purple, and scarlet wool, and in fine linen** - See how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:35:34]]. +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# as it was taken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Moses instructed the Levites to write down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Ithamar + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur + +"Bezalel" and "uri" are the name of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh had commanded Moses + +"everything that Yahweh told Moses to do" + +# Oholiab son of Ahisamak + +"Oholiab" and "Ahisamak" are names of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# an engraver, as a skillful workman, and as an embroiderer + +"as a skilled engraver and embroiderer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/24.md b/exo/38/24.md index 90b311a990..f360a54300 100644 --- a/exo/38/24.md +++ b/exo/38/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# All the gold that was used for the project -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight]] -* [[en:tw:census]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "All the gold that the people used for the project" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty-nine talents ... one hundred talents -* **All the gold that was used for the project** - AT: "All the gold that the people used for the project" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **twenty-nine...one hundred...twenty** - nine...one hundred...twenty** - "29...100...20" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **measured by the standard of the sanctuary shekel** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:exo:30:11]]. -* **The silver given by the community** - AT: "The silver which the community gave" -* **This figure was reached on the basis of every person who was counted in the census** - Every man that was 20 years old or older were included in the census and where required to give half a shekel. +"29 talents ... 100 talents." A talent is about 33 kilograms. AT: "29 talents ... 100 talents" or "about 960 kilograms ... about 330 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# 730 shekels ... 1,775 shekels + +"Seven hundred and thirty shekels ... one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels." A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# measured by the standard of the sanctuary shekel + +There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# The silver given by the community + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The silver which the community gave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one beka + +A beka is 1/2 a shekel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# half a shekel + +A shekel is 11 grams. AT: "1/2 a shekel" or "five and a half grams" or "5 1/2 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# This figure was reached on the basis of every person who was counted in the census + +Every man who was 20 years old or older was included in the census and was required to give half a shekel. + +# twenty years old + +"20 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/27.md b/exo/38/27.md index 77d1a757aa..a15541d365 100644 --- a/exo/38/27.md +++ b/exo/38/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# One hundred talents of silver were cast -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +A talent is about 33 kilograms. AT: "The workers cast 100 talents of silver" or "The workers cast 3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# One hundred talents -* **One hundred talents of silver were cast** - AT: "The workers cast 100 talents of silver" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **One hundred...seventy** - "100...70" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Bezalel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:31:01]]. +"100 talents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 1,775 shekels + +"one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# shekels + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Bezalel + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seventy talents and 2,400 shekels + +"70 talents and two thousand four hundred shekels." This would be about 2,300 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/30.md b/exo/38/30.md index 90c94b011a..073913c0cf 100644 --- a/exo/38/30.md +++ b/exo/38/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -## translationNotes +# grate -* Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -* **grate** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:03]]. -* **tent pegs** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:17]]. +This is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:04](../27/03.md). + +# tent pegs + +These are sharp bronze stakes that were used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/intro.md b/exo/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4475da78a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Exodus 38 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The altar ##### +The altar is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +##### Materials ##### +The list of materials being used is intended to give the reader an understanding of the scale of the tabernacle. It should fill the reader with awe concerning the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/01.md b/exo/39/01.md index d397444ebf..ee698ccf26 100644 --- a/exo/39/01.md +++ b/exo/39/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Bezalel's work crew shifts to making the priestly garments. -## translationNotes +# they made -* Bezalel's work crew shifts to making the priestly garments. -* **they made** - 'they' refers to Bezalel, Oholiab, and the other workmen. +The word "they" refers to Bezalel, Oholiab, and the other workmen. + +# as Yahweh had commanded Moses + +"just as Yahweh told Moses to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/02.md b/exo/39/02.md index a6fe897597..275d205614 100644 --- a/exo/39/02.md +++ b/exo/39/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## translationNotes +# Bezalel -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **Bezalel made the ephod of gold, of blue, purple, and scarlet wool, and of fine twined linen...the work of a skillful workman** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:06]]. +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/04.md b/exo/39/04.md index 8089fab01a..3acc6c218a 100644 --- a/exo/39/04.md +++ b/exo/39/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## translationNotes +# it was made of one piece with the ephod, made of fine twined linen -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **They made...had commanded Moses** - For 39:4-5 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:06]]. -* **it was made of one piece with the ephod, made of fine twined linen** - AT: "they made it as one piece with the ephod with fine twisted linen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they made it as one piece with the ephod with fine twisted linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as Yahweh had commanded Moses + +"just as Yahweh told Moses to do." See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:01](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/06.md b/exo/39/06.md index e904f6e9d7..9fb422991b 100644 --- a/exo/39/06.md +++ b/exo/39/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## translationNotes +# signet -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **They crafted...had commanded Moses** - For Exodus 39:6-7 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:06]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:10]] -* **a signet** - a small seal used to leave an impression in wax or clay that represents the authority of the owner. This is similar to someone's signature in modern times. -* **twelve sons** - "12 sons" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This was an engraved stone that was used to stamp a design in a wax seal. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](../28/10.md). + +# twelve sons + +"12 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as Yahweh had commanded Moses + +"just as Yahweh told Moses to do." See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:01](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/08.md b/exo/39/08.md index e0a14a3963..97fa4e9d12 100644 --- a/exo/39/08.md +++ b/exo/39/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## translationNotes +# He made -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **He made...one span wide** - For 39:8-9 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:15]]. -* **He made** - "Bezalel made" or "Bezalel and the workers made" +"Bezalel made" or "Bezalel and the workers made" + +# span + +A span is 23 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/10.md b/exo/39/10.md index 4aac98d423..ab0bc80a5c 100644 --- a/exo/39/10.md +++ b/exo/39/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## translationNotes +# They set in it -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **They set in it** - "The workers set in the breastpiece" -* **precious stones** - Twelve very rare and expensive stones are listed. The are almost the same stone that are listed in [[:en:bible:notes:exo:28:17]]. Some languages may not have words of each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable, and different from one another. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **The stones were mounted in gold settings** - "They mounted the stones in gold settings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"The workers set in the breastpiece" + +# ruby ... jasper + +Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:17-20](../28/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# The stones were mounted in gold settings + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They mounted the stones in gold settings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/14.md b/exo/39/14.md index be1cc47820..38d4d5404e 100644 --- a/exo/39/14.md +++ b/exo/39/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## translationNotes +# The stones were arranged -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **The stones...of the breastpiece** - For 39:14-16 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:21]]. -* **The stones were arranged** - AT: "The workers arranged the stones" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers arranged the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/17.md b/exo/39/17.md index e9487e57b2..a7ea0a03ec 100644 --- a/exo/39/17.md +++ b/exo/39/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## translationNotes +# two braided chains -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **They put the two braided chains...at its front** - For 39:17-18 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:21]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:25]]. +"chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords." See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](../28/13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/19.md b/exo/39/19.md index 3cef66a403..9100e103bd 100644 --- a/exo/39/19.md +++ b/exo/39/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments that were commanded in [Exodus 28:26](../28/25.md) and [Exodus 28:27](../28/27.md). -## translationNotes +# finely-woven waistband -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **They made...waistband of the ephod** - For 39:19-20 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:25]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:27]]. +This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/21.md b/exo/39/21.md index 057ace195c..642d26cc70 100644 --- a/exo/39/21.md +++ b/exo/39/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:28](../28/27.md). -## translationNotes +# so that it might be attached -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **They tied...had commanded Moses** - For 39:21 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:27]]. -* **so that it might be attached** - AT: "so they could attach it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod- ** - ** AT: "the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so they could attach it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod + +The double negative can be translated as a positive. AT: "the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/22.md b/exo/39/22.md index 51abfa6279..bbb132216c 100644 --- a/exo/39/22.md +++ b/exo/39/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:31-32](../28/31.md) and [Exodus 28:33](../28/33.md). -## translationNotes +# Bezalel -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **Bezalel made...of fine linen** - For 39:22-24 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:31]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:33]]. +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/25.md b/exo/39/25.md index f973256be4..9544d7cb40 100644 --- a/exo/39/25.md +++ b/exo/39/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/33.md). -## translationNotes +# bells of pure gold -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **They made...commanded Moses** - For 39:25-26 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:33]] -* **a bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate** - This is how the pattern is supposed to repeat all along the bottom edge of the robe. +These were tiny bells. + +# a bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate + +This is how the pattern is supposed to repeat all along the bottom edge of the robe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/27.md b/exo/39/27.md index 2e4b786875..ff81eeaac5 100644 --- a/exo/39/27.md +++ b/exo/39/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## translationNotes +# They made ... commanded Moses -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **They made...commanded Moses** - For 39:27-29 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:39]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:40]] and [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:42]]. -* **turban** - This is a head covering worn by men made of a long strip of cloth wound around the head. -* **undergarments** - These are clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. AT: “underwear”. -* **sash** - This is a long piece of cloth worn over the shoulder or around the waist. +For 39:27-29 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:39](../28/39.md) and [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md) and [Exodus 28:42](../28/42.md). + +# turban + +This is a head covering worn by men made of a long strip of cloth wound around the head. + +# undergarments + +This is clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. AT: "underwear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sash + +This is a long piece of cloth worn over the shoulder or around the waist. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/30.md b/exo/39/30.md index 736f6d76b4..7b7e4f2179 100644 --- a/exo/39/30.md +++ b/exo/39/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:36-37](../28/36.md). -## translationNotes +# holy crown -* Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -* **They made...commanded Moses** - For 39:30-31 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:exo:28:36]]. -* **holy crown** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:29:05]]. +This was an engraved crown made of pure gold. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:6](../29/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/32.md b/exo/39/32.md index abde31a48d..03f741d31f 100644 --- a/exo/39/32.md +++ b/exo/39/32.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The Israelites finish making the things Yahweh commanded in [Exodus 35:4-9](../35/04.md) and [Exodus 35:10-12](../35/10.md). -## translationNotes +# So the work on the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was finished. The people of Israel did everything -* **So the work on the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was finished. The people of Israel did everything.** - The "tabernacle" and "tent of meeting" are the same thing. AT: "So the people of Israel finished all of the work on the tabernacle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **clasps, boards, bars, posts, and bases** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:exo:35:10]]. -* **ram skins dyed red, the covering of sea cow leather** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:03]]. +The "tabernacle" and "tent of meeting" are the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the people of Israel finished all of the work on the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# clasps + +The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4-6](../26/04.md). + +# bases + +These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md). + +# atonement lid + +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/36.md b/exo/39/36.md index 7169ed6dc4..62beb9edb0 100644 --- a/exo/39/36.md +++ b/exo/39/36.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses. -## translationNotes +# bread of the presence -* Bezalel's work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses. -* **bread of the presence** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:25:28]]. -* **grate** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:exo:27:03]]. +This bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:30](../25/28.md). + +# grate + +This is a frame of crossed bars that held wood while burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/40.md b/exo/39/40.md index 8d98b7accb..7d38c665d2 100644 --- a/exo/39/40.md +++ b/exo/39/40.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Bezalel's work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses. -## translationNotes +# They brought -* Bezalel's work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses. -* **They brought** - "The people of Israel brought" -* **the tabernacle, the tent of meeting** - These refer to the same place. +"The people of Israel brought" + +# the tabernacle, the tent of meeting + +These refer to the same place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/42.md b/exo/39/42.md index 500f74316e..eb0207e600 100644 --- a/exo/39/42.md +++ b/exo/39/42.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Thus the people -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +"And so the people" -## translationNotes +# behold -* **Thus the people** - "And so the people" -* **behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **As Yahweh had commanded, in that way they did it.** - AT: "They did it in the way that Yahweh had commanded them to to it." +The word "behold" here draws attention to the information that follows. + +# As Yahweh had commanded, in that way they did it + +"They did it in the way that Yahweh had commanded them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/intro.md b/exo/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c33beabde --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 39 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The holy clothing ##### +The special, holy clothing mentioned in previous chapters is produced in this chapter to the correct specifications. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/01.md b/exo/40/01.md index 3d57db2fcc..df42cfe4eb 100644 --- a/exo/40/01.md +++ b/exo/40/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes +# the first day of the first month of the new year +The new year marks the time when God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/03.md b/exo/40/03.md index 639d1b8c68..aa0e2e89a6 100644 --- a/exo/40/03.md +++ b/exo/40/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# place the ark of the testimony in it -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* * -* **shield the ark with the curtain** - "put the ark behind the curtain" +"place the ark of the covenant decrees in the sacred chest" + +# shield the ark with the curtain + +"put the ark behind the curtain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/05.md b/exo/40/05.md index c648c1445b..6f50c684b6 100644 --- a/exo/40/05.md +++ b/exo/40/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# ark of the testimony -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. +This refers to the "sacred chest." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/08.md b/exo/40/08.md index bbd6e4ebaa..5aea833501 100644 --- a/exo/40/08.md +++ b/exo/40/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# all its furnishings -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **all its furnishings** - all the things that are used to decorate. +"all the things that are a part of it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/12.md b/exo/40/12.md index 925185280b..a1eab4066c 100644 --- a/exo/40/12.md +++ b/exo/40/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# You are to bring -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **You are to bring** - Moses will do these things himself. +Moses will do these things himself. + +# that are set apart to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you have set apart to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/14.md b/exo/40/14.md index 55150d684f..9b2ffc3d58 100644 --- a/exo/40/14.md +++ b/exo/40/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# throughout their people's generations -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **throughout their people's generations** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:exo:12:12]]. +"through all the generations of their descendants." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/17.md b/exo/40/17.md index 5dbae5ef26..5e20ed6b19 100644 --- a/exo/40/17.md +++ b/exo/40/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So the tabernacle was set up -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the people set up the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the first day of the first month -* **Moses set up** - Moses was the leader. The people helped him set up the tabernacle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **posts** - a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support +This refers to exactly one year after God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 40:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the second year + +This is the second year after Yahweh brought his people out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Moses set up + +Moses was the leader. The people helped him set up the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# posts + +a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/21.md b/exo/40/21.md index 193d9f97e0..a1ace87971 100644 --- a/exo/40/21.md +++ b/exo/40/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He brought -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses was the leader. He had workers helping him. -## translationNotes +# for it to shield -* **He brought** - Moses was the leader. He had workers helping him. -* **for it to shield** - "in front of" +"in front of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/24.md b/exo/40/24.md index 28f9d48cbe..3a0f66a5c6 100644 --- a/exo/40/24.md +++ b/exo/40/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He put the lampstand into the tent of meeting -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Moses instructed his workers to move the lampstand. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "Moses' workmen set the lampstand inside the sacred tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/26.md b/exo/40/26.md index 590b02c404..02496bd82a 100644 --- a/exo/40/26.md +++ b/exo/40/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# in front of the curtain -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This curtain separated the holy place from the very holy place. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "in front of the curtain that separated the holy place from the very holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/28.md b/exo/40/28.md deleted file mode 100644 index da0c1338c7..0000000000 --- a/exo/40/28.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. diff --git a/exo/40/31.md b/exo/40/31.md index fc61adf2a3..62b21c6e02 100644 --- a/exo/40/31.md +++ b/exo/40/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# washed their hands and their feet from the basin -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +They washed with water from the basin. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "washed their hands and their feet with water from the basin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# In this way -* * -* **In this way** - "And so" +"And so" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/34.md b/exo/40/34.md index 1440443a5b..65b007dc56 100644 --- a/exo/40/34.md +++ b/exo/40/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's glory filled -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Yahweh's glory filled** - AT: "Yahweh's awesome presence filled" +"Yahweh's awesome presence filled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/36.md b/exo/40/36.md index 09bda04f7f..2c498d86e6 100644 --- a/exo/40/36.md +++ b/exo/40/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# was taken up from over -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "rose up from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# that it was lifted up -* **was taken up** - AT: "would rise up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when it rose up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/intro.md b/exo/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b6b61d822a --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 40 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is repetitive and should read as a series of instructions. It is repeated as well to show that Moses was obedient to every detail of Yahweh's command. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Yahweh's glory filled the tabernacle" ##### +This phrase indicates that Yahweh began to dwell within the tabernacle, among Israel, in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/front/intro.md b/exo/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1b58087265 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# Introduction to Exodus # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Exodus #### + + - The Children of Israel (the Hebrews) in Egypt and their preparation for departure ("exodus") from their slavery (1–12) + - First genealogy (1:1–6) + - The account of their bondage in Egypt (1:7–22) + - Moses' history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26) + - The suffering of Israel in Egypt (4:27–6:13) + - Another genealogy (6:14–27) + - Moses and Aaron going to Pharaoh (6:28–7:25) + - The plagues (8:1–11:10) +1. Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:1–30) +1. Departing from Egypt and going to Mount Sinai (12:31–18:27) + - The Passover, preparing to leave Egypt and leaving Egypt (12:31–50 and 13:1–22) + - Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:1–18:27) +1. Mount Sinai and the Law (19-40) + - Preparation for the covenant (19:1–25) + - The Ten Commandments (20:1–17) + - Description of the covenant (20:18–23:33) + - The agreement to the covenant by the people and Moses' return to Mount Sinai (24:1–18) + - Design of the tabernacle and its equipment, requirements of those who serve in it, and the functions of the Tabernacle (25:1–31:18) + - The people's idolatry and Moses' intercession (32:1–33:22) + - Second description of the covenant (34:1–35) + - Construction of the Ark and its furnishings (35:1–38:31), and priestly garments (39:1–43 and 40:1–33) + - The cloud (40:34–38) + +#### What is the Book of Exodus about? #### + +Exodus appears to be a continuation of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh created a nation out of Abraham's descendants. This nation, which would be called "Israel," was meant to live in close relationship to Yahweh. The second half of Exodus describes how the Israelites received the Law of God to guide them in how to live in this way. + +The Book of Exodus also includes instructions about how the Israelites were to build the Tabernacle, the tent of worship that they would carry with them through the wilderness. The book also gives instructions as to how the Israelites were to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"Exodus" means "exit" or "departure." Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, "About the Israelites Leaving Egypt" or "How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Exodus? #### + +The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. + +#### Why is deliverance or rescue a very important theme in the Book of Exodus? #### + +Deliverance is a very important theme in the Book of Exodus because it shows God as forming the nation of Israel and then as rescuing them from being slaves in Egypt. God then rescues them from the Egyptian army that pursues them, and he leads them to Mount Sinai, where he officially marks them as the one nation on earth that will worship him. + +#### How does the Book of Exodus relate to the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham? #### + +The Book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise that Abraham would have many descendants, and that they would form a large nation. At Mount Sinai, God makes an official covenant with the nation of Israel. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the Jewish Passover? #### + +The Jewish Passover was a festival that the Israelites were commanded to celebrate every year in order to remember their people's departure from Egypt. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left, and it became part of the covenant requirements that Yahweh gave them at Mount Sinai. + +#### What was the law of Moses to the people of Israel? #### + +The law of Moses was a set of instructions for the people of Israel which told them what Yahweh required them to do in order to participate in his covenant with them. The Law gave instructions for how the people should live in a way that would honor him. It also instructed them about their need to offer animal sacrifices for their sins, and for their need to maintain a right relationship with Yahweh. The Law gave instructions for how the priests should present the people's worship to Yahweh, and for how they should build the tabernacle, the place of worship that would be the center of Yahweh's presence among them. + +#### What did it mean that Israel was to be a "kingdom of priests and a holy nation?" #### + +Even though most nations in the time of Israel honored many gods, Israel was to worship only Yahweh. This fact was meant to make them very different from the other nations in the world. The entire nation was to honor Yahweh by living according to his standards. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why are the details of the construction of the tabernacle in Exodus 25–32 repeated in Exodus 35–40? #### + +The first description of the construction of the tabernacle was God's specific instructions to Israel. The details were repeated exactly to show that the people carefully followed God's plan. + +#### Are the events in chronological order? #### + +While most of the events follow a chronological order, not all of the events are in a strict chronological sequence. Translators may have to be careful that they present in translation the unusual time relationships among various parts. + +#### What does it mean that God "lived" among his people? #### + +God is present everywhere in the world, but the Book of Exodus presents him as creating a special relationship with the people of Israel. In this relationship, he promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people should worship him and honor him sincerely in how they lived. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/01.md b/ezk/01/01.md index 435d4639d1..c94aff5c96 100644 --- a/ezk/01/01.md +++ b/ezk/01/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# In the thirtieth year -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:ezekiel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the thirtieth year of Ezekiel's life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the fourth month, and the fifth day of the month -* **the fourth month, and the fifth day of the month** - "the fifth day of the fourth month." This was probably the fourth month of a calendar that people used then. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **it came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **I was living among the captives** - The word "I" refers to Ezekiel. This can be translated as "I was one of the captives." -* **I saw visions of God** - Alternate translations: "I saw visions from God" or "God showed me visions." -* **The word of Yahweh came with power to Ezekiel the priest** - Alternate translations: "Yahweh's message came powerfully to Ezekiel the priest" or "Yahweh spoke this message powerfully to Ezekiel the priest" -* **the son of Buzi** - The word "Buzi" is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the Chebar canal** - This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. Alternate translation: "the Chebar River." -* **the hand of Yahweh** - The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. Alternate translation: "the power of Yahweh" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh** - This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the note on the Important Term page concerning how to translate this. +"the fifth day of the fourth month." This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is around the end of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# it came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# I was living among the captives + +The word "I" refers to Ezekiel. "I was one of the captives" + +# I saw visions of God + +"God showed me unusual things" + +# it was the fifth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin + +Throughout the book, Ezekiel will date his prophecies based on when the Babylonians forced Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem. + +# to Ezekiel ... upon him there + +Ezekiel speaks of himself as if he were another person. AT: "to me, Ezekiel ... upon me there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came to Ezekiel + +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Ezekiel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Buzi + +the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Kebar Canal + +This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. "the Kebar River" + +# the hand of Yahweh was upon him + +The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. AT: "Yahweh was controlling him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/04.md b/ezk/01/04.md index 6f93334b82..f76562af2f 100644 --- a/ezk/01/04.md +++ b/ezk/01/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:like]] +Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -## translationNotes +# a windstorm -* Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -* **a windstorm** - This is a storm that has a lot of wind. -* **coming from the north** - North is the direction to your left when you look toward the sun while it is rising. -* **a great cloud with fire flashing within it** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "The storm had a very large cloud with fire flashing in it." -* **fire flashing** - Possible meanings are 1) "flashing lightning" or 2) "constant lightning." -* **and brightness surrounding it and inside of it** - "and a very bright light was around the cloud and inside of it" -* **the color of amber** - Alternate translations: "bright yellow like amber" or "bright yellow" or "glowing yellow" -* **amber** - a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry -* **In the middle** - "Inside the storm" -* **was the likeness of four living creatures** - "there were things that looked like four creatures" or "there was what looked like four creatures" -* **This was their appearance** - "This is what the four creatures looked like" -* **they had the likeness of a man** - "the four creatures looked like people" -* **but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings** - "but each of them had four different faces and four wings" +This is a storm that has a lot of wind. + +# coming from the north + +North is the direction to your left when you look toward the sun while it is rising. + +# a great cloud with fire flashing within it + +This can be translated as a new sentence: "The storm had a very large cloud with fire flashing in it" + +# fire flashing + +Possible meanings are 1) "flashing lightning" or 2) "constant lightning." + +# brightness surrounding it and inside of it + +"a very bright light was around the cloud and inside of it" + +# the color of amber + +"bright yellow like amber" or "bright yellow" or "glowing yellow" + +# amber + +a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry + +# In the middle + +"Inside the storm" + +# the likeness of four living creatures + +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "what looked like four living creatures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# This was their appearance + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verbal phrase. AT: "This is what they looked like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They had the likeness of a man + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verbal phrase. AT: "The four creatures looked like people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings + +"but each of them had four different faces and four wings." Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/07.md b/ezk/01/07.md index f8e82476d9..e5bff17e23 100644 --- a/ezk/01/07.md +++ b/ezk/01/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] +Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -## translationNotes +# but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf -* **but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf** - "but their feet looked like calf hooves" or "but their feet looked like the feet of calves" -* **hooves of a calf** - the hard part of a calf's foot -* **that shone like polished bronze** - "that were shiny like bronze that has been polished." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) This describes the feet of the creatures. Alternate translation: "and they shined like polished bronze." -* **on all four sides** - Alternate translation: "on all four sides of their bodies." -* **For all four, their faces and wings were like this** - The wings are described in 1:9 and the faces are described in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:10]]. Alternate translation: "For all four of the creatures, their wings and their faces were like this." -* **and they did not turn as they went** - "and the creatures did not turn as they moved" +"but their feet looked like calf hooves" or "but their feet looked like the feet of calves" + +# hooves of a calf + +the hard part of a calf's foot + +# that shone like polished bronze + +"that were shiny like bronze that has been polished." This describes the feet of the creatures. AT: "and they shone like polished bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# on all four sides + +"on all four sides of their bodies" + +# For all four, their faces and wings were like this + +"For all four of the creatures, their wings and their faces were like this" + +# they did not turn as they went + +"the creatures did not turn as they moved" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/10.md b/ezk/01/10.md index edcd6b5aea..1fd213cbd7 100644 --- a/ezk/01/10.md +++ b/ezk/01/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -## translationNotes +# The likeness of their faces was like the face of a man -* **The appearance of their faces was like the face of a man** - It was implied that Ezekiel was describing the faces of the creatures on their front side. Alternate translation: "The faces of each creature looked like this: The face in front looked like the face of a man." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **next, the face of a lion to the right** - "the face on the right side of its head looked like the face of a lion." -* **next, the face of a ox to the left** - "the face on the left side of its head looked like the face of an ox." -* **and, finally, the face of an eagle** - "and finally, the face on the back of its head looked like the face of an eagle." -* **their wings were spread out above so that each creature had a pair of wings that touched another creature's wing** - Alternate translation: "each creature held up two of his wings so that one wing touched the wing of the creature on one side of him, and the other wing touched the wing of the creature on the other side of him." -* **and also a pair of wings that covered their bodies** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "The other two wings of each creature covered its body." -* **Each went straight forward** - "Each creature went with a face looking forward" +Ezekiel is describing the faces of the creatures on their front side. The abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man's face. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "The face of each creature looked like the face of a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The four of them had the face of a lion to the right side + +"The face on the right side of each one's head looked like the face of a lion" + +# the four of them had the face of an ox on the left side + +"the face on the left side of the head of each one looked like the face of an ox" + +# They four had also the face of an eagle + +"The face on the back of the head of each one looked like the face of an eagle" + +# their wings were spread out above, so that each creature had a pair of wings that touched another creature's wing + +"each creature held up two of his wings so that one wing touched the wing of the creature on one side of him, and the other wing touched the wing of the creature on the other side of him" + +# and also a pair of wings that covered their bodies + +This can be translated as a new sentence: "The other two wings of each creature covered its body" + +# Each went straight forward + +"Each creature moved with a face looking forward" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/13.md b/ezk/01/13.md index 658a4956fe..42721de26e 100644 --- a/ezk/01/13.md +++ b/ezk/01/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] +Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -## translationNotes +# As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals -* **looked like burning coals of fire, or like torches** - Alternate translation: "were bright like coals in a hot fire, or like torches" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and there were flashes of lightning** - Alternate translation: "and lightning came out from the fire." -* **The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning!** - Ezekiel compares the creatures with lightning because they move very fast like lightning. Alternate translation: "The living creatures were going forward and coming back so quickly that they looked like lightning!" +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. Both "likeness" and "appearance" are abstract nouns that can be translated as verbs. AT: "As for what the living creatures looked like, they were similar to burning coals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# there were flashes of lightning + +"lightning came out from the fire." + +# The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning + +Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/15.md b/ezk/01/15.md index 759a1997f8..6d631d52a0 100644 --- a/ezk/01/15.md +++ b/ezk/01/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision. -## translationNotes +# This was the appearance and structure of the wheels -* Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision -* **there was one wheel on the ground beside the living creatures** - "there was one wheel on the ground by each one of the living creatures, one wheel for each direction the creatures faced" -* **This was the appearance and structure of the wheels** - "This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made" -* **each wheel was like beryl** - Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone. This kind of beryl has a yellow or golden color. Alternate translation: "the wheels were clear and yellow like a beryl stone" or "the wheels were clear and yellow like a precious stone." -* **and the four were all the same** - "and all four of the wheels looked the same"" -* **they looked like a wheel intersecting another wheel** - "they were made with one wheel going through another wheel" +"This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made" + +# like beryl + +Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of yellow or golden color. "clear and yellow like a beryl stone" or "clear and yellow like a precious stone" + +# the four had the same likeness + +Here the abstract noun "likeness" refers to what the four wheels looked like. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "all four of the wheels looked the same" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# their appearance and structure was like a wheel intersecting another wheel + +The abstract nouns "appearance" and "structure" can be translated as verbs. AT: "they appeared to be made with one wheel going through another wheel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/17.md b/ezk/01/17.md index 7efeb07bec..adf7a15a16 100644 --- a/ezk/01/17.md +++ b/ezk/01/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -## translationNotes +# they went in any of their four directions -* **they went in any direction** - "the wheels were able to go in any of the four directions that they where pointed in" -* **As for their rims** - "This is what the rims of the wheels looked like" -* **they were high and fearsome** - "the rims were very tall and awe-inspiring" or "the rims where tall and frightening" -* **for the rims were full of eyes round about** - "because the rims had very many eyes around all four of the wheels" +Possible meanings are 1) "their" refers to the creatures. AT: "they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards" or 2) "their" refers to the wheels. + +# As for their rims + +"This is what the rims of the wheels looked like" + +# they were high and fearsome + +"the rims were very tall and awe-inspiring" or "the rims where tall and frightening" + +# for the rims were full of eyes round about + +"because the rims had very many eyes around all four of the wheels" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/19.md b/ezk/01/19.md index 0ee62a7b01..e91eaf709d 100644 --- a/ezk/01/19.md +++ b/ezk/01/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When the living creatures rose up from the earth -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +The creatures were flying in the air after they left the ground. AT: "So when the creatures left the ground and went up into the air" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the wheels also rose up -* **When the living creatures rose up from the earth** - It was implied that the creatures were flying in the air after they left the ground. Alternate translation: "So when the creatures left the ground and went up into the air." (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the wheels also rose up** - "the wheels also left the ground and went into the air" -* **Wherever the Spirit moved, they moved** - The word "they" refers to the creatures. -* **the wheels rose up beside them** - "the wheels went up into the air with the living creatures" -* **the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels** - "the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels too" +"the wheels also left the ground and went into the air" + +# Wherever the Spirit would go, they went + +The word "they" refers to the creatures. + +# the wheels rose up beside them + +"the wheels went up into the air with the living creatures" + +# the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels + +Possible meanings are 1) Ezekiel is speaking of the "creatures" of verse 19 as if they were one creature. AT: "the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels" or 2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. AT: "the spirit of life was in the wheels" or "the living spirit was in the wheels" or 3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. AT: "the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/22.md b/ezk/01/22.md index a52a669474..dbc7497e6e 100644 --- a/ezk/01/22.md +++ b/ezk/01/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the likeness of an expansive dome +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like "an expansive dome." The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "what looked like an expansive dome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# an expansive dome -* **an expansive dome** - A dome looks like a hollow ball that is cut in half. "Expansive" means very large. Alternate translation: "a huge bowl" -* **awe-inspiring crystal** - inspiring crystal** - "awe-inspiring ice" or "crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it" -* **stretched out over their heads above** - "and the expansive dome was spread out above the heads of the creatures" or "and the expansive dome took up a lot of space over the heads of the creatures" -* **Beneath the dome** - "under the dome" -* **Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves—each had a pair to cover his own body** - "Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies" +A dome looks like a hollow ball that is cut in half. "Expansive" means very large. "a huge upside-down bowl" + +# awe-inspiring crystal + +"awe-inspiring ice" or "crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it" + +# stretched out over their heads above + +"and the expansive dome was spread out above the heads of the creatures" or "and the expansive dome took up a lot of space over the heads of the creatures" + +# Beneath the dome + +"under the dome" + +# Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves; each had a pair to cover his own body + +"Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/24.md b/ezk/01/24.md index 455e2e3d72..381f6586b2 100644 --- a/ezk/01/24.md +++ b/ezk/01/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision of the living creatures. -## translationNotes +# Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like -* Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision of the living creatures. -* **Like the noise of rushing water** - This can be translated as a sentence: "The sound of their wings was loud like rushing water." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **rushing water** - This simply means "a lot of water." It could refer to "a loud river" or "a large waterfall" or "the waves crashing at the ocean". All of these are very loud. -* **Like the voice of the Almighty** - The Bible sometimes refers to thunder as "the voice of the Almighty." Alternate translation: "It sounded like the voice of the Almighty God" or "It sounded like the thunder of the Almighty." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* ** there was the sound of a rainstorm** - Possible meanings are: 1) "the sound of very big storm" or 2) "the sound of a very large crowd of people." Alternate translations: "there was a sound that was loud like a big storm" or "there was a sound that was loud like a very large crowd of people." -* **Whenever they stood still** - "Whenever the creatures stopped moving" -* **they lowered their wings** - "the creatures let their wings hang down by their sides." They did this when they were not using their wings to fly. -* **the dome over their heads** - "the dome that was over the heads of the creatures" -* **the dome** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:22]] +Other possible meanings are that the words "whenever they moved" refer to 1) all the words before them in this verse, "Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like" or 2) to the words that follow, "wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like." + +# Like ... waters. Like ... moved. Like ... rainstorm. Like ... army. + +These sentences are not complete because Ezekiel was showing that he was excited about what he saw. They can be translated as complete sentences: "The wings sounded like ... water. They sounded like ... moved. They sounded like ... rainstorm. They sounded like ... army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# many waters + +This simply means "a lot of water." It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. + +# Like the voice of the Almighty + +The Bible sometimes refers to thunder as "the voice of the Almighty." AT: "It sounded like the voice of the Almighty God" or "It sounded like the thunder of the Almighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Like the sound of a rainstorm + +Possible meanings are: 1) "Like the sound of very big storm" or 2) "Like the sound of a very large crowd of people" AT: "There was a sound that was loud like a big storm" or "There was a sound that was loud like a very large crowd of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Whenever they stood still + +"Whenever the creatures stopped moving" + +# they lowered their wings + +"the creatures let their wings hang down by their sides." They did this when they were not using their wings to fly. + +# A voice came from above the dome + +"Someone who was above the dome spoke." If you need to tell whose voice this is, you should probably identify it as the voice of Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](./01.md)). + +# the dome over their heads + +"the dome that was over the heads of the creatures" + +# the dome + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:23](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/26.md b/ezk/01/26.md index 78a3b76ad8..52f4fec41e 100644 --- a/ezk/01/26.md +++ b/ezk/01/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# over their heads -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"over the heads of the living creatures" -## translationNotes +# was the likeness of a throne -* **over their heads** - "over the heads of the living creatures" -* **was the appearance of a throne** - "was something that looked like a throne" -* **sapphire** - a very valuable stone that is clear blue and very shiny -* **on the throne was** - "on the throne there was" -* **the appearance of one who looked like a man** - "someone who looked like a man" or "someone who looked like person" +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a throne. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "was something that looked like a throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# sapphire + +a very valuable stone that is clear blue and very shiny + +# on the likeness of the throne was + +The abstract noun "likeness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "on what looked like a throne there was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a likeness like the appearance of a man + +The abstract nouns "likeness" and "appearance" can be translated with verbal phrases. If you need to tell who this is, you should probably identify him as Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](./01.md)). AT: "something that looked similar to what appeared to be a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/27.md b/ezk/01/27.md index 9e82aff837..ec89ac4af9 100644 --- a/ezk/01/27.md +++ b/ezk/01/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:like]] +Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision. -## translationNotes +# from the appearance of his hips up -* Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision. -* **from his hips up** - The person's body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. -* **all around** - "all around the person sitting on the throne" -* **from his hips downward it looked like fire and brightness all around** - "All around him below the hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light." -* **It looked like a rainbow that appears in the clouds on a rainy day—and like bright light surrounding it.** - This can be translated as "The brightness that was all around him looked like a rainbow that appears in the clouds on a day when it rains." -* **rainbow** - A rainbow is a colorful strip of light that appears in the sky when it rains. -* **This appeared as the likeness of the glory of Yahweh** - This can be translated as: "The bright light looked like something that was similar to the glory of Yahweh." -* **I fell on my face** - "I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I heard a voice speaking** - AT: "I heard someone speaking" or "I heard the voice of someone speaking (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The person's body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "from what appeared to be his hips up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# rainbow + +the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer + +# It was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Yahweh + +The abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like the glory of Yahweh. Both "appearance" and "likeness" can be translated as with a verbal phrase. AT: "It appeared to be what looked like the glory of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I fell on my face + +"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I heard a voice speaking + +The word "voice" is a metonym for the person. AT: "I heard someone speaking" or "Someone spoke, and I heard his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/intro.md b/ezk/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..504cf686cf --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Ezekiel 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Ezekiel's call ##### + +Ezekiel had a vision of God calling him to prophetic ministry. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Ezekiel intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/01.md b/ezk/02/01.md index 12d50406e1..b1885599b0 100644 --- a/ezk/02/01.md +++ b/ezk/02/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. -## translationNotes +# He said to me -* Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. -* **The voice** - The phrase "the voice" refers to God speaking to Ezekiel. -* **Son of man** - God called Ezekiel this to emphasize Ezekiel's humanity. God is powerful, but people are not. It can also be translated as "Man" or "Human." -* **to the people of Israel, to rebellious nations** - "to the Israelites, to rebellious peoples" or "to the people of Israel, who are rebellious." -* **up to this very day** - This means that the people of Israel were continuing to disobey God. Alternate translation: "even now" or "even today." +If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not "the Spirit." + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# the Spirit + +Other possible meanings are 1) "a spirit" or 2) "a wind." + +# to the people of Israel, to rebellious nations that have rebelled against me + +"to the Israelites, to rebellious peoples who have rebelled against me." The two phrases "people of Israel" and "rebellious nations" refer to the same people. AT: "to the people of Israel, a people who has rebelled against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# up to this very day + +"even now" or "even today." This means that the people of Israel were continuing to disobey God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/04.md b/ezk/02/04.md index 4e26a6989f..6992f3c79e 100644 --- a/ezk/02/04.md +++ b/ezk/02/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +God continues to speak to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# Their descendants -* God continues to speak to Ezekiel. -* **Their children** - The word "their" refers to the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God. The word "children" refers to current generation of people living in Israel. -* **stubborn faces and hard hearts** - These two descriptions are both used to describe the people of Israel not wanting to change how they live in order to obey God. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **they have stubborn faces** - "the expression on their faces shows that they are stubborn" or "they are stubborn" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **stubborn** - "unwilling to change" -* **hard hearts** - This phrase suggests the people's resistance to God and their unwillingness to obey him. The heart is used to describe the place in the body where a person decides what they want to do. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They are a rebellious house** - "They are a people who disobey God" +the descendants of the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God, referring to the people living in Israel at the time Ezekiel writes + +# have stubborn faces + +"have expression on their faces that show that they are stubborn" + +# stubborn faces and hard hearts + +The words "stubborn faces" refer to the way they act on the outside, and the words "hard hearts" refer to the way they think and feel. Together they emphasize that the people of Israel would not change how they lived in order to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# stubborn + +This describes a person who refuses to change what he thinks or what he is doing. + +# hard hearts + +Rocks never change and become soft, and these people never change and become sorry when they do evil things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# house + +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. AT: "people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a prophet has been among them + +"the one whom they have refused to listen to was a prophet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/06.md b/ezk/02/06.md index bde68221e7..0d01cbb9aa 100644 --- a/ezk/02/06.md +++ b/ezk/02/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +God continues to speak to Ezekiel -## translationNotes +# son of man -* God continues to speak to Ezekiel -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **briers and thorns and…scorpions** - These words describe the people of Israel who will not treat Ezekiel kindly when he tells them what God says. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **briers and thorns** - Briers are bushes with sharp points on the branches. The sharp points on the branches are called thorns. -* **scorpions** - A scorpion is a small animal with two front claws, six legs and a large tail with poisonous stinger. It's sting is very painful. -* **Do not fear their words** - "Do not be afraid of what they say." -* **dismayed by their faces** - "upset at the way they look at you" +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](./01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# briers and thorns and ... scorpions + +These words describe the people of Israel who will not treat Ezekiel kindly when he tells them what God says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# briers and thorns + +Briers are bushes with sharp points on the branches. The sharp points on the branches are called thorns. + +# scorpions + +A scorpion is a small animal with two front claws, six legs, and a large tail with a poisonous stinger. Its sting is very painful. + +# Do not fear their words + +"Do not be afraid of what they say." + +# be dismayed by their faces + +The words "their faces" are a metonym for the message the people express with their faces. AT: "lose your desire to serve me because of the way they look at you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/07.md b/ezk/02/07.md index bc8c911618..2ceb31ec14 100644 --- a/ezk/02/07.md +++ b/ezk/02/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:house]] +God continues to speak to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# are most rebellious -* God continues to speak to Ezekiel. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **that rebellious house** - "that rebellious group of people" +"are very rebellious" or "totally rebel against me" + +# house + +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](./04.md). AT: "people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/09.md b/ezk/02/09.md index 7f78f1b9e6..a804dc54e9 100644 --- a/ezk/02/09.md +++ b/ezk/02/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a hand was extended out to me -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +It was as if 1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or 2) the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)) extended his hand. -## translationNotes +# a written scroll -* **a written scroll** - "a scroll that had writing on it" -* **He spread it out** - The word "He" refers to the Spirit, who opens the scroll. -* **words were written on both sides of the scroll** - "writing was on the front and back of the scroll" -* **mourning** - great sorrow and sadness such as what people feel when someone dies +"a scroll that had writing on it" + +# He spread it out + +The word "He" refers to the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). + +# it had been written on both its front and back + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone had written on both its front and its back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# written on it were lamentations, mourning, and woe + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "lamentations," "mourning," and "woe." AT: "someone had written on it that these people would lament, be sad the way they would be if someone they loved had died, and have bad things happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/intro.md b/ezk/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f08c266474 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Ezekiel's call continues in this chapter. God appointed Ezekiel to be a prophet but warned him that the people were very rebellious and would not listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/01.md b/ezk/03/01.md index d45cf6b180..8cfc14174c 100644 --- a/ezk/03/01.md +++ b/ezk/03/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. -## translationNotes +# He said to me -* Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. -* **He said to me** - The word "He" refers to the Spirit of God. (See: [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]] -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **what you have found** - This refers to the scroll that God was giving him. (See: [[en:bible:notes:ezk:02:09]]) -* **the house of Israel** - This refers to "the descendants of Israel" who became "the kingdom of Israel." Alternate translation "the people of Israel." -* **feed your stomach and fill your belly with this scroll** - These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **It was as sweet as honey** - "It tasted sweet like honey" +The word "He" refers to the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# what you have found + +This refers to the scroll that God was giving him. (See: [Ezekiel 2:9](../02/09.md)) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that scroll + +Many versions have "the scroll" or "this scroll." + +# feed your belly and fill your stomach with this scroll + +The word "belly" refers to the part of the body people can see from the outside. The word "stomach" refers to the internal organs inside the belly. + +# it was as sweet as honey + +Honey tastes sweet, and the scroll tasted sweet. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/04.md b/ezk/03/04.md index 4e8e860334..f500c48be2 100644 --- a/ezk/03/04.md +++ b/ezk/03/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. -## translationNotes +# he said to me -* Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. -* **He said to me** - The word "He" refers to the Spirit of God. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **of a strange speech or a difficult language** - "who speak a strange or difficult language." -* **not to a mighty nation of strange speech** - "I am not sending you to a mighty nation whose people speak a strange language" -* **If I sent you to them** - The word "them" refers to a mighty nation other than Israel. -* **stubborn-browed and hard-hearted** - browed and hard-hearted** - "stubborn and rebellious" or "stubborn and unrepentant." Together they mean "very stubborn." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not "the Spirit." + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](./01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of strange speech or a difficult language + +"who speak a strange or difficult language" + +# not to many peoples of strange speech + +"I am not sending you to a mighty nation whose people speak a strange language" + +# if I sent you to them, they would have listened to you + +This is a hypothetical situation that could have happened but did not. Yahweh did not send Ezekiel to people who did not understand his language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if I sent you to them + +The word "them" refers to a mighty nation other than Israel. + +# strong browed and hard hearted + +These mean basically the same thing. AT: "very rebellious" or "very stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# strong browed + +This is an idiom. AT: "unwilling to change" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# hard hearted + +This phrase suggests that the people resist God and are unwilling to obey him. The heart is used to describe the place in the body where a person decides what they want to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/08.md b/ezk/03/08.md index 1eddd1a4b9..1968ade343 100644 --- a/ezk/03/08.md +++ b/ezk/03/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +The Spirit of God continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# Behold! -* The Spirit of God continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts Ezekiel to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **I have made your face as stubborn as their faces** - The words "face" and "faces" are used to stand for the people the sentence is about. Alternate translation: "I have made you as stubborn as they are." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **your brow as hard as their brows** - The "brow" is the forehead or eyebrow. It used in the same way as "face." -* **I have made your brow like a diamond, harder than flint** - "I have made your brow like the hardest stone, harder than flint." -* **flint** - a stone that is hard enough to start a fire by hitting it with metal or another stone +The word "Behold" here alerts Ezekiel to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# I have made your face as stubborn as their faces + +The words "face" and "faces" are used to stand for the people the sentence is about. AT: "I have made you as stubborn as they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I have made ... your brow as hard as their brows + +The "brow" is the forehead or eyebrow and is a metonym for what the person thinks. AT: "I have made ... you strong so you will not stop doing what you are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have made your brow like a diamond, harder than flint + +"I have made your brow like the hardest stone, harder than flint" + +# flint + +a stone that is hard enough to start a fire by hitting it with metal or another stone + +# house + +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/10.md b/ezk/03/10.md index d0148d7834..80317f220e 100644 --- a/ezk/03/10.md +++ b/ezk/03/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# take them into your heart and hear them with your ears -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Here "heart" represents a person's mind. AT: "remember them and listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Then go to the captives -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **take them into your heart and hear them with your ears** - "remember them and listen carefully" -* **Then go to the captives** - The word "captives" refers to the people of Israel who were living in Babylon. -* **the children of your people** - The phrase "your people" refers to the people of Israel who were taken by force to Babylon. Their children grew up in Babylon. -* **the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:02:04]]. +The word "captives" refers to the people of Israel who were living in Babylon. + +# your people + +"your people group." Ezekiel had lived in Judah before the Babylonians took him to Babylon. + +# Lord Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/12.md b/ezk/03/12.md index b5b2479b15..2bd7899ac2 100644 --- a/ezk/03/12.md +++ b/ezk/03/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Ezekiel continues telling about the vision he saw. -## translationNotes +# I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake: "Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!" -* Ezekiel continues telling about the vision he saw. -* **the glory of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:27]]. -* **a sound like a great earthquake** - "a loud, deep and powerful rumbling sound like that of an earthquake" +Some versions take "Blessed ... place!" as a words that the "great earthquake" spoke: "I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake, which said, 'Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!'" Others understand the sound of the earthquake as the sound of the glory of Yahweh leaving his place, "as the glory of Yahweh left its place, I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake." + +# the sound of a great earthquake + +It is not clear if the sound came from an earthquake, from a voice that was loud like an earthquake, or from the wings and wheels. AT: "a sound like the sound of a great earthquake" or "a voice speaking; the voice sounded like a great earthquake" or "a loud rumbling noise" + +# the glory of Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). + +# the sound of a great earthquake + +"a loud, deep and powerful rumbling sound like the sound of an earthquake" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/14.md b/ezk/03/14.md index 3907d8e28b..128088857b 100644 --- a/ezk/03/14.md +++ b/ezk/03/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Ezekiel seems to have been angry because Yahweh had sent him to speak to the Israelite exiles, thus rebelling against Yahweh himself. Though he was supposed to speak to them, he sat in silence for seven days, even though he could feel the anger of Yahweh "powerfully pressing on" him. -## translationNotes +# away, and I went with bitterness in my spirit's rage -* **with bitterness in my spirit's rage** - The words "bitterness" and "rage" are types of anger. Alternate translations: I was indignant and my spirit was full of anger" or "I was very indignant and angry." -* **the hand of Yahweh** - The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. Alternate translation: "the power of Yahweh." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for the hand of Yahweh was powerfully pressing on me** - "I felt Yahweh pushing me very powerfully" (UDB). -* **Tel-abib** - abib** - A town in Babylon, about 80 kilometers southeast of the main city which was also called Babylon. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the Chebar canal** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:01]]. -* **overwhelmed in amazement** - The word "overwhelmed" refers to having a powerful emotion that often comes by surprise and takes all of a person's focus. +The words "bitterness" and "rage" are types of anger. This can be stated as a separate sentence. AT: "away. I was bitter and my spirit was full of anger" or "away. I was very bitter and angry" + +# bitterness + +Ezekiel speaks of his anger at Yahweh as if there were a bad taste in his mouth because Yahweh had forced him to eat something that tasted bad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the hand of Yahweh was powerfully pressing on me + +Ezekiel speaks of being sad and tired because Yahweh had commanded him to do things he did not want to do as if Yahweh were pushing him down into the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hand of Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action, AT: "the power of Yahweh," or 2) Ezekiel knew that Yahweh was angry with him because he was not obeying Yahweh by speaking to the Israelite exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Tel Aviv + +A town in Babylon, about 80 kilometers southeast of the main city, which was also called Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Kebar Canal + +This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# overwhelmed in amazement + +"unable to do anything because I was so amazed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/16.md b/ezk/03/16.md index 0a1db01762..bdb796e4e5 100644 --- a/ezk/03/16.md +++ b/ezk/03/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Ezekiel tells about his experience at Tel-Aviv. -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came -* Abib. -* **The word of Yahweh came to me and said** - Alternate translations: "Yahweh's message came to me" or "Yahweh gave me this message" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me." -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **watchman** - God told Ezekiel to warn the people of Israel just as a watchman would warn the people of a city if enemies were coming, so that they could prepare and be safe. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **a warning to the wicked about his evil deeds so he might live** - "a warning to the wicked to stop doing his evil deeds so that he might live" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I will require his blood from your hand** - "I will hold you responsible for his death" or "you will be guilty for his death." The phrase "his blood" refers to the man's death or the consequences for having caused the man to die. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked deeds** - "he does not stop doing wicked things" +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# watchman + +God told Ezekiel to warn the people of Israel just as a watchman would warn the people of a city if enemies were coming, so that they could prepare and be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](./01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a warning to the wicked about his evil deeds so he might live + +You may need to make explicit that the wicked needs to stop doing evil deeds. AT: "a warning to the wicked to stop doing his evil deeds so that he might live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the wicked + +"wicked people" + +# require his blood from your hand + +This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. AT: "treat you as if you had murdered him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked deeds + +The phrase "wicked deeds" means the same thing as "wickedness." AT: "he does not stop doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/20.md b/ezk/03/20.md index be4d54eb46..6651b9348b 100644 --- a/ezk/03/20.md +++ b/ezk/03/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# set a stumbling block before him -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] +Possible meanings are 1) "make something bad happen to him" or 2) "cause him to sin openly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he will die in his sin -* **He will die in his sin** - "He will die as a sinner" or "He will die as someone guilty of disobedience" -* **I will require his blood from your hand** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **since he was warned** - "since you warned him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"he will die as a sinner" or "he will die as a guilty person because he has disobeyed me" + +# I will require his blood from your hand + +This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:18](./16.md). AT: "I will treat you as if you had murdered him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# since he was warned + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "since you warned him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/22.md b/ezk/03/22.md index 206eaa1c57..ffe2eb4e35 100644 --- a/ezk/03/22.md +++ b/ezk/03/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the hand of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. AT: "the power of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the glory of Yahweh -* **the hand of Yahweh** - The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. Alternate translation: "the power of Yahweh." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I fell on my face** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:01:27]]. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). + +# the Kebar Canal + +This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# I fell on my face + +"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/24.md b/ezk/03/24.md index fd6c2b6fc4..bbcc6a8e52 100644 --- a/ezk/03/24.md +++ b/ezk/03/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he spoke with me -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not "the Spirit." -## translationNotes +# they will place ropes upon you and tie you so you cannot go out among them -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **they will place ropes upon you and tie you so you cannot go out among them** - This suggests that Ezekiel will not be able to warn the people because they do not want to hear God's message. +This is best translated literally. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/26.md b/ezk/03/26.md index 9515883eff..67424b6a41 100644 --- a/ezk/03/26.md +++ b/ezk/03/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# the roof of your mouth -* The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **the roof of your mouth** - "the top of your mouth" -* **you will be mute** - "you will not be able to speak" -* **I will open your mouth** - "I will make you able to speak" -* **the one who will not listen will not listen** - "the one who refuses to listen will not listen" -* **The Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:02:04]]. -* **a rebellious house** - "a rebellious people" or "a rebellious nation" +"the top of your mouth" + +# you will be mute + +"you will not be able to speak" + +# house + +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will open your mouth + +"I will make you able to speak" + +# the one who will not listen will not listen + +"the one who refuses to listen will not listen" + +# Lord Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/intro.md b/ezk/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..11695b64d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Ezekiel's call concludes in this chapter. God told Ezekiel more about what he should say to the people and how he should say it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/01.md b/ezk/04/01.md index 8840a1fa93..aa1a0383c7 100644 --- a/ezk/04/01.md +++ b/ezk/04/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He tells Ezekiel to take a brick and dirt and pieces of wood and act as if he were Yahweh destroying the city of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# son of man -* The Spirit of God continues speaking to Ezekiel. He tells Ezekiel to show how God will punish the people of Israel and Judah. -* **Son of man** - The phrase "Son of man" refers to Ezekiel. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]] -* **carve the city of Jerusalem** - "carve a picture of the city of Jerusalem" -* **lay siege against it** - "surround the city in order to capture it" -* **build forts against it** - "build strong walls against it." The walls would keep people from leaving the city. -* **Raise up an assault ramp against it** - "build a ramp outside of it for the enemies to get inside." Jerusalem had a wall around it to protect the people inside. The enemies could only get inside if they had a ramp to climb up over the wall. -* **Place battering rams all around it** - A "battering rams" is a large tree or pole that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. "Set huge poles around it to break down the gates and get inside." -* **Set your face against it** - "look at it with hostility" or "turn toward it with anger" or "look at it angrily" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **house of Israel** - "the people of Israel" or "the people who live in Israel." This refers specifically to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# carve the city of Jerusalem + +You may need to make explicit that Ezekiel is to carve a picture. AT: "carve a picture of the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lay siege against it + +"surround the city in order to capture it" + +# build forts against it + +"build strong walls against it." The walls would keep people from leaving the city. + +# Raise up an assault ramp against it + +"Build a ramp outside of it for the enemies to get inside." Jerusalem had a wall around it to protect the people inside. The enemies could only get inside if they had a ramp to climb up over the wall. + +# Place battering rams all around it + +"Set around it huge poles people would use to break down the gates and get inside." "Battering rams" are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. + +# set your face against it + +This is a command to stare at the model of the city as a symbol of punishing the city. AT: "stare at the city" or "stare at the city so that it will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set your face + +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/04.md b/ezk/04/04.md index 408449348a..010f784c3c 100644 --- a/ezk/04/04.md +++ b/ezk/04/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# put the sin of the house of Israel on it -* The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **take the sin of the house of Israel on yourself** - Possible meanings are 1) "symbolically bearing the punishment for the sins of the Israelites" (UDB) or 2) "suffer by lying on your side because of their sin." -* **house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:04:01]]. -* **you will carry their sin** - Possible meanings are 1) "you will be guilty of their sin" or 2) "you will be punished for their sin." Either of these meanings will be demonstrated "symbolically" by Ezekiel as noted in the UDB. -* **lie down against the house of Israel** - Alternate translation: "lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner." -* **I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment** - Alternate translation: "I myself command you to lay on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them." -* **each year of their punishment** - Possible meanings are 1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or 2) each year that they have sinned. +Possible meanings are 1) "symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites" or 2) "suffer by lying on your side because of their sin." + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will carry their sin + +Possible meanings are 1) "you will be guilty of their sin" or 2) "you will be punished for their sin." Either of these meanings will be demonstrated "symbolically" by Ezekiel as noted in the UDB. + +# lie down against the house of Israel + +"lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner" + +# I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment + +"I myself command you to lie on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them" + +# each year of their punishment + +Possible meanings are 1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or 2) each year that they have sinned. + +# 390 days + +"three hundred and ninety days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/06.md b/ezk/04/06.md index eaa3fe3f8e..578ed0a12d 100644 --- a/ezk/04/06.md +++ b/ezk/04/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# these days -* The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **When you have completed these days** - "These days" refers to the days Ezekiel lies down on his side to illustrate the siege of the kingdom of Israel. -* **you will carry the sin** - See how you translated "you will carry their sin" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:04:04]]. -* **I am assigning to you one day for each year** - "I will make you do this one day for each year that I will punish them." -* **set your face against** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:04:01]] -* ** you will prophesy against it** - "you will prophesy about the bad things that will happen to Jerusalem" -* ** behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* ** I am placing bonds on you** - Bonds are ropes or chains that keep a person from moving. +the days Ezekiel lies down on his left side to illustrate the siege of the kingdom of Israel + +# you will carry the sin + +Possible meanings are 1) "you will be guilty of the sin" or 2) "you will be punished for the sin." Either of these meanings will be demonstrated "symbolically" by Ezekiel as noted in the UDB. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 4:4](./04.md). + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am assigning to you one day for each year + +"I will make you do this one day for each year that I will punish them" + +# Set your face toward Jerusalem that is under siege + +This is a command to stare at the model of Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing Jerusalem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](./01.md). AT: "Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege" or "Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege, so that it will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Set your face + +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze. "Set your face" refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prophesy against it + +"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to Jerusalem" + +# For behold + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I am placing bonds on you + +Bonds are ropes or chains that keep a person from moving. It is not clear whether the word "bonds" is a metaphor for something Yahweh does that is as if he had bound Ezekiel or if he is using literal, physical ropes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/09.md b/ezk/04/09.md index 2177e4c915..023b9c4b8e 100644 --- a/ezk/04/09.md +++ b/ezk/04/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# wheat, barley ... millet, and spelt -* The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **wheat, barley,…millet, and spelt** - These are different kinds of grains. -* **lentils** - These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **twenty shekels in weight** - "20 shekels in weight." Alternate translation: 200 grams of bread." (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **from time to time** - "at various times during the day" or "as you need it" -* **a sixth of a hin** - "1/6 hin" or "a sixth part of a hin" or "about one-half liter" (UDB). (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +These are different kinds of grains. + +# beans + +vines whose seeds, which grow in a single row inside its otherwise empty fruit, can be eaten + +# lentils + +These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# 390 days + +"three hundred and ninety days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twenty shekels per day + +"20 shekels per day." A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: 200 grams of bread each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# a sixth of a hin + +"1/6 hin" or "a sixth part of a hin" or "about one-half liter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# a hin + +A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/12.md b/ezk/04/12.md index a2da7c0d94..5fc879f6af 100644 --- a/ezk/04/12.md +++ b/ezk/04/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# You will eat it -* The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **You will eat it** - The word "it" refers to the kind of bread God spoke of in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:04:09]]. -* **barley cakes** - flat bread made of barley (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]] and [[en:bible:notes:ezk:04:09]]) -* **you will bake it on human excrement** - "You will cook it over a fire made with human solid waste." -* **house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **I will banish them** - The word "banish" means to send someone away by force or because of a crime. +The word "it" refers to the bread ([Ezekiel 4:9](./09.md)). + +# barley cakes + +flat bread made of barley ([Ezekiel 4:9](./09.md)) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# you will bake it on excrement of human dung + +"you will cook it over a fire made with pieces of human solid waste." Your language may have a way of expressing this politely. + +# will banish + +will send away by force \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/14.md b/ezk/04/14.md index 821669c3ac..f16c7a6d7f 100644 --- a/ezk/04/14.md +++ b/ezk/04/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Alas -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +"It would be wrong for me to do that." Ezekiel is very troubled by what the Lord has told him to do. -## translationNotes +# Lord Yahweh -* **Alas** - Ezekiel says this to show that he is very troubled by what the Lord has told him to do. -* **Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated "the Lord Yahweh" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:02:04]]. Here Ezekiel is saying this to the Lord. -* **foul meat** - This refers to meat that is unclean because it came from an animal that died of sickness or old age or was killed by another animal. The word "foul" shows his disgust over meat like this. Alternate translation: "unclean meat." -* **foul meat has never entered my mouth** - This means "I have never eaten foul meat." -* **Look! I have given you** - The word "Look" is used to bring Ezekiel's attention to what God is about to say to him. -* **man's dung** - See how you translated human excrement in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:04:12]]. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). Here Ezekiel is speaking to the Lord. + +# foul meat has never entered my mouth + +"I have never eaten foul meat" + +# foul meat + +"disgusting, unclean meat." This refers to meat that is unclean because it has come from an animal that has died of sickness or old age or was killed by another animal. The word "foul" shows his disgust over meat like this. + +# Look + +"Listen" or "Pay attention to the important thing I will tell you now" + +# I have given you + +"I will allow you to use" + +# cow manure + +solid waste from cows. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this. + +# human dung + +solid waste from humans. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/16.md b/ezk/04/16.md index 0c68bbe3e7..2173746dce 100644 --- a/ezk/04/16.md +++ b/ezk/04/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# I am breaking the staff of bread in Jerusalem -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **the staff of bread** - "the supply of food." The supply is called a staff because like a staff, it supports people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I am breaking the staff of bread in Jerusalem** - "I will stop the supply of food to Jerusalem." -* **they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety** - This means that "they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that that there will not be enough." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **rationing it in trembling** - "rationing it while shaking" or "rationing it in fear" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **every man will be dismayed at his brother** - "everyone will look at his brother and be worried about the food" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **melt away because of their iniquity** - "become extremely thin because of their iniquity." As ice melts away when heated, people become thin when they do not eat. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I will stop the supply of food to Jerusalem" + +# the staff of bread + +The supply is called a staff because some people need a staff to walk and do their work, and people need bread to live. Bread represents all kinds of food. AT: "the supply of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety + +You may need to make explicit why they will ration the bread. "they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that there will not be enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# rationing + +giving small amounts of something of which there is not enough to many people + +# rationing it in trembling + +The word "shaking" is a metaphor for being afraid and "trembling" represents fear. AT: "rationing it while shaking" or "rationing it in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away + +Possible meanings are 1) "everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away" or 2) "every one of them will be dismayed and waste away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# waste away + +The phrase "waste away" is usually used of flesh or wood rotting. Here it is a metaphor for wicked people becoming thin and dying because they have no food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/intro.md b/ezk/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..34676f8c11 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezekiel 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Destruction of Jerusalem ##### +The destruction of Jerusalem is pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the lack of food and water that would occur during the siege of Jerusalem. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/01.md b/ezk/05/01.md index aa7cf69790..905e46d783 100644 --- a/ezk/05/01.md +++ b/ezk/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. All instances of "the city" refer to the "city" that Ezekiel carved onto the brick ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)). -## translationNotes +# son of man -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **Son of man** - This refers to Ezekiel. See how you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **barber's razor** - "blade for cutting hair" -* **pass the razor over your head and your beard** - "shave your head and your face" or "remove the hair from your head and your beard" -* **Burn a third of it** - "Burn a third of your hair" -* **in the midst of the city** - "in the middle of the city." The phrase "the city" probably refers to the picture of Jerusalem. -* **when the days of the siege are completed** - "when the days of Jerusalem's siege have ended" or "when the days have ended that you show how Jerusalem will put under siege" -* **take a third of the hair** - "take one of the three piles of hair" -* **and strike it with the sword all around the city** - "and hit it with your sword all over the city" -* **scatter a third of it to the wind** - Alternate translation: "let the wind blow the last third of your hair in different directions." -* **I will draw out a sword** - "I will pull a sword out of its container" -* **I will draw out a sword to chase after the people** - The word "sword" refers to enemy soldiers who will attack with their swords. Alternate translation: "I will still cause their enemies to pursue them and attack them with swords." (UDB) (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# barber's razor + +"blade for cutting hair" + +# pass the razor over your head and your beard + +"shave your head and your face" or "remove the hair from your head and the beard from your face" + +# Burn a third of it + +"Burn a third of your hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# midst + +middle + +# when the days of the siege are completed + +"when the days of Jerusalem's siege have ended" or "when the days have ended that you show how Jerusalem will put under siege" + +# take a third of the hair + +"take one of the three piles of hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# strike it with the sword all around the city + +"hit it with your sword all over the city" + +# scatter a third of it to the wind + +"let the wind blow the last third of your hair in different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# I will draw out a sword to chase after the people + +The word "sword" is a metonym for enemy soldiers who will attack with their swords, and to "draw out a sword" is to send the soldiers into battle. AT: "I will cause their enemies to pursue them and attack them with swords." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will draw out a sword + +"I will pull a sword out of its container" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/03.md b/ezk/05/03.md index 8f043fb113..761a308747 100644 --- a/ezk/05/03.md +++ b/ezk/05/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# But take ... Then take -* Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel. -* **a small number of hair from them** - "a few hairs from the piles" -* **tie them to your sleeves** - The word "them" refers to the hairs. -* **your sleeves** - Possible meanings are 1) "the end of the cloth on your arms" 2) "the end of the cloth on your robe" -* **from there a fire will go out to all the house of Israel** - Alternate translation: "from Jerusalem a fire will spread out to the rest of Israel." +Ezekiel was to do this when he shaved his hair and beard ([Ezekiel 5:1](./01.md)) and before he burned the hair ([Ezekiel 5:2](./01.md)). You may need to place these verses before those verses. "But when you shave off your hair and beard, and before you burn them, take ... After you have scattered the hair to the wind, then take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# a small number of hairs from them + +"a few hairs from the piles" + +# tie them + +The word "them" refers to the hairs. Possible meanings are 1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or 2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them 3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment. + +# the folds of your robe + +Possible meanings are 1) "the cloth on your arms" ("your sleeves") or 2) "the end of the cloth on your robe" ("your hem") or 3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt. + +# from there a fire will go out to all the house of Israel + +"from there a fire will spread out and burn up all the people of Israel." Yahweh speaks of how he will punish Israel as if he were going to set fire to a house and of the people of Israel as if they were the family that lives in that house but were at that time outside the house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/05.md b/ezk/05/05.md index cedaee809c..a6d6db1d72 100644 --- a/ezk/05/05.md +++ b/ezk/05/05.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# Lord Yahweh -* Yahweh continues to speak. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - "This is what the Lord Yahweh says" or "The Lord Yahweh says this." This sentence introduces what the Lord says. -* ** This is Jerusalem** - The word "This" refers to the carving that represents Jerusalem (See: [[en:bible:notes:ezk:04:01]]) -* **in the midst of the nations** - This refers to the privileged position that Jerusalem had compared to the other nations that were located nearby. -* **I have placed her** - Jerusalem is referred to as "her" and "she." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **other lands** - "the neighboring countries" or "the countries around her" -* **they have rejected my judgments** - "they have refused to obey my judgments." The word "they" refers to the people of Israel and Jerusalem. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# This is Jerusalem + +"This carving represents Jerusalem" ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)) + +# in the midst of the nations + +Possible meanings are 1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or 2) "more important than all other nations." + +# I have placed her + +Jerusalem is referred to as "her" and "she." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# other lands + +"the neighboring countries" or "the countries around her" + +# The people have rejected my judgments + +"The people of Israel and Jerusalem have refused to obey my judgments." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/07.md b/ezk/05/07.md index 0e091de617..fa885f6d10 100644 --- a/ezk/05/07.md +++ b/ezk/05/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -## translationNotes +# Lord Yahweh -* Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **Because you are more troublesome than** - Alternate translation: "because your sinfulness is worse than" or "because you are more unruly than" -* **that surround you** - Alternate translation: "that are all around you." -* **have not walked in my statues** - "have not lived according to my statues" or "have not obeyed my statutes" -* **or acted according to my judgments** - This is a second thing that they have not done. Alternate translation: "and you have not acted according to my judgments." -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **I will execute judgments within your midst** - Alternate translations: "I will perform judgments among you" or "I will judge you in various ways" or "I will punish you" (UDB). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# Because you are more troublesome than + +"because your sinfulness is worse than" or "because you are more unruly than" + +# that surround you + +"that are all around you." + +# have not walked in my statutes + +Walking is a metaphor for the way a person lives. AT: "have not lived according to my statutes" or "have not obeyed my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# or acted according to my decrees + +"or obeyed my decrees" + +# Behold! + +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# I will execute judgments within your midst + +"I will judge you in various ways" or "I will punish you" . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/09.md b/ezk/05/09.md index 552697ebce..19f30870f1 100644 --- a/ezk/05/09.md +++ b/ezk/05/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel and Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# what I have not done and the like of which I will not do again -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel and Judah -* **what I have not done and the like of which I will not do again** - "as I have not done before and will not do in a similar way again" or "like I have never done before and will never do again" (UDB). -* **because of all your disgusting actions** - "because of all the disgusting things you do." The people were worshiping idols and false gods, and God hated that they were doing that. -* **I will execute judgment on you** - "I will judge you" or "I will punish you severely" (UDB) -* **and scatter to every direction all of you who are left** - Alternate translations: and throw all of you who are left in all directions" or "I will send all of you who are left to go to different places." +"as I have not done before and will not do in a similar way again" or "like I have never done before and will never do again" . + +# because of all your disgusting actions + +"because of all the disgusting things you do." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. + +# fathers will eat the children in your midst, and sons will eat their fathers + +Ezekiel is probably telling what will really happen when the people have no food. + +# I will execute judgment on you + +"I will judge you" or "I will punish you severely" + +# scatter to every direction all of you who are left + +"I will force all of you who are left to go to different places." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/11.md b/ezk/05/11.md index 1a3e34e39b..7a637632f1 100644 --- a/ezk/05/11.md +++ b/ezk/05/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -## translationNotes +# as I live -* Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -* **Therefore, as I live"--this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - -this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - This can be reordered: "This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration. 'Therefore, as I live.'" -* **as I live** - "as surely as I live." God said this to show that what he was about to say was true. This can be translated as “as true as it is that I am alive, it is true that” -* **with all your hateful things** - "with all of those things of yours that I hate." It can be made explicit that this refers to idols: "with all your idols, which I hate" or "with all your disgusting idols." (See: UDB and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **and with all your disgusting deeds** - "and with all the disgusting things that you do" -* **they will be consumed by famine in your midst** - "many of them will die because of famine" +"as surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Lord Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# defiled ... sanctuary + +ruined the place that Yahweh had set aside to be only for his use + +# with all your hateful things + +"with all of those things of yours that I hate." You may need to make explicit that this refers to idols: "with all your idols, which I hate" or "with all your disgusting idols." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with all your disgusting deeds + +"with all the disgusting things that you do" + +# my eye will not have pity on you + +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "I will not pity you" (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will not spare you + +"I will surely punish you" + +# they will be consumed by famine in your midst + +"many of them will die because of famine" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/13.md b/ezk/05/13.md index 391922a15d..259070cfa0 100644 --- a/ezk/05/13.md +++ b/ezk/05/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -## translationNotes +# my wrath will be completed -* Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -* **I will cause my fury toward them to rest** - The word "fury" means violent anger, and here it refers to punishment. "I will stop punishing them." ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will be satisfied** - "I will be satisfied that I have punished them enough" -* **when I have completed my fury against them** - "when I have finished punishing them" +"I will no longer be angry because I will have done everything I wanted to do because I was angry" + +# I will cause my fury toward them to rest + +The word "fury" means violent anger, and here it is a metonym for punishment. "I will stop punishing them because I will have punished them fully." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will be satisfied + +You may need to make explicit why Yahweh will be satisfied. AT: "I will be satisfied that I have punished them enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when I have completed my fury against them + +"when I have finished punishing them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/15.md b/ezk/05/15.md index b680010385..9688a35c2b 100644 --- a/ezk/05/15.md +++ b/ezk/05/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -## translationNotes +# in wrath and fury -* Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -* **harsh arrows of famine** - "intense famine" -* **break your staff of bread!** - A "staff" was something that people leaned upon to support them. This phrase is a metaphor which means "remove the supply of food that you are depending upon." AT: "cut off your food supply" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **plague and blood will pass through you** - "plague and violent death will pass through you." This violent death would be caused by war. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is very angry. AT: "because I will be very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# will send out harsh arrows of famine against you + +The word "arrows" is a metonym for the sharp pains that people feel when they have had no food for a long time. AT: "will make you feel the pain of intense hunger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# increase the famine on you + +"make the famine more severe for you" or "make the famine last longer for you" or "make sure that there is less and less for you to eat" + +# break your staff of bread + +A "staff" was something that people leaned upon to support them. This phrase is a metaphor that means removing the supply of food that the people were depending upon. See how "staff of bread" is translated in [Ezekiel 4:16](../04/16.md). AT: "cut off your food supply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Plague and blood will pass through you + +Sickness and violent death are spoken of as if they were soldiers going through the city killing everyone they could. AT: "Many people will die of disease, and many others will die in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will bring a sword against you + +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "I myself will cause soldiers to come and kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/intro.md b/ezk/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dcf3219a07 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezekiel 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The destruction of Jerusalem ##### +The destruction of Jerusalem is continued to be pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the destruction of Jerusalem by fire and war. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/01.md b/ezk/06/01.md index 32e2dbf99c..2f0af142d6 100644 --- a/ezk/06/01.md +++ b/ezk/06/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh is telling Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people so that the people of Israel would hear the words and know that Ezekiel's words were for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# The word of Yahweh came -* **The Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **Set your face against** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:04:01]]. -* **the mountains of Israel** - "the mountains in the land of Israel." This refers to the people living in the mountains of Israel. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **I am bringing a sword against you** - The word "sword" here refers to war. Alternate translations: "I am bringing war against you" or "I will enemy soldiers against you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# set your face against the mountains of Israel + +This is a command to stare at the mountains as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/01.md). AT: "stare at the mountains of Israel" or "stare at the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set your face against the mountains of Israel + +The mountains of Israel were far away, so Ezekiel could not see them, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. AT: "turn toward the mountains of Israel and stare" or "stare toward the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set your face + +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the mountains of Israel + +"the mountains in the land of Israel" + +# Behold! + +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# Lord Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# I am bringing a sword against you + +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "I am bringing soldiers to come and kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/04.md b/ezk/06/04.md index 3892523f19..90b2ee3cfe 100644 --- a/ezk/06/04.md +++ b/ezk/06/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Then your altars will become desolate and your pillars will be destroyed -* These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -* **Then your altars will become desolate and your pillars will be destroyed** - "There will no longer be anyone to worship at your altars and your enemy will destroy your pillars" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your dead** - "your people who die" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "People will no longer worship at your altars and your enemy will destroy your pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will throw down ... I will lay ... and scatter + +Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers ([Ezekiel 6:3](./01.md)) to do these things. AT: "I will send soldiers to throw down ... They will lay ... and scatter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your dead + +"your people who have died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/06.md b/ezk/06/06.md index 613c6e3fe6..377d65319b 100644 --- a/ezk/06/06.md +++ b/ezk/06/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# cities will be laid waste -* These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -* **cities will be laid waste** - "Enemy armies will lay waste your cities" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the high places shall be desolate** - "no one will go to the high places any longer" -* **they will be broken** - "your altars will be broken" or "enemy armies will break them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your pillars will be cut down** - "they will cut down your pillars." See how you translated "pillars" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:04]]. -* **your works will be wiped away** - "no one will remember what you have done" -* **The dead will fall down in your midst** - "You will see the enemy kill many people" -* **know that I am Yahweh** - Possible meanings are 1) "understand who I, Yahweh, am" or 2) "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or 3) "know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do the things that I say that I will do." (UDB) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Enemy armies will lay waste your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will be broken + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "enemy armies will break your altars" or "enemy armies will break them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your pillars will be cut down + +This can be translated in active form. See how you translated "pillars" in [Ezekiel 6:4](./04.md). AT: "they will cut down your pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your works will be wiped away + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one will remember what you have done" or "they will destroy everything you have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The dead will fall down in your midst + +"You will see the enemy kill many people" + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/08.md b/ezk/06/08.md index 43ce457e33..13ef5f3d02 100644 --- a/ezk/06/08.md +++ b/ezk/06/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] +These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# some who escape the sword -* These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -* **some who escape the sword** - "some who are not killed in battle." The sword represents being killed in war. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **when you are scattered throughout the countries** - "when you go live in different countries" -* **I was grieved** - "I was saddened" -* **by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me** - A promiscuous person is not faithful to the one they married but has many sexual partners. Alternate translations: "by their unfaithful heart that turned away from me" or "because they were like a promiscuous wife and left me" (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and by their eyes that prostituted after their idols** - The people of Israel were like a prostitute because they were worshiping idols rather than God. Alternate translations: "and by their eyes that looked to idols and worshiped them" or "because they were like a prostitute and worship their idols" (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed** - Possible meanings are 1) "they will hate themselves because of the wicked things they did" or 2) "they will hate the wicked things that they did." Alternate translation "Their faces will show their hatred for the wickedness that they did." +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "some whom the soldiers do not kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when you are scattered throughout the countries + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "when I scatter you in different countries" or "when I force you to live in other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I was grieved by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me + +Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a woman who sleeps with many people. AT: "I was sad because they were like a wife who has left me to sleep with other men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# by their eyes that whored after their idols + +Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a married woman who looks at other men and desires to sleep with them. AT: "by the way they desired strongly to worship idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed + +Possible meanings are 1) "their faces will show that they hate themselves because of the wicked things they have done" or 2) "their faces will show that they hate the wicked things that they have done." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/11.md b/ezk/06/11.md index f7df3585a3..7c06feca85 100644 --- a/ezk/06/11.md +++ b/ezk/06/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# The Lord Yahweh says this -* Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **Clap your hands and stomp your foot** - Ezekiel was to do this symbolic action to get the people's attention. This was not applause. -* **Alas** - The word "Alas" is used to express sadness. -* **house of Israel** - "the people of Israel" -* **For they will fall by sword, famine, and plague.** - "For they will die by sword, famine, and plague." "Sword", "famine", and "plague" are the different ways that they will die. The word "sword" represents war. (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will accomplish my fury against them** - "I will satisfy my anger against them" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Lord Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# Clap your hands and stomp your foot + +Ezekiel was to do this symbolic action to get the people's attention. This was not applause. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# Alas + +This word is spoken by those who see people doing bad things and realize that bad things will happen to the evildoers as a result. If your language has a similar word, you might want to use it here. + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will fall by sword, famine, and plague. + +To "fall" is a euphemism for to "die." The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: + +# I will accomplish my fury against them + +"I will satisfy my anger against them" or "I will punish them until I am no longer angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/13.md b/ezk/06/13.md index 2906aae109..edab23a4f4 100644 --- a/ezk/06/13.md +++ b/ezk/06/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# around their altars, on every high hill -* These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -* **know that I am Yahweh** - Possible meanings are 1) “understand who I, Yahweh, am” or 2) “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or 3) "realize that I, Yahweh, have done this" (UDB). -* **when their dead are in your midst** - "when the bodies of those who have been killed by the enemy are among you" -* **under every flourishing tree and thick oak** - The word "flourishing" describes something that is healthy and growing. An oak is a type of large tree. It is described as "thick" because it is large and old. -* **stretch out my arm** - "strike them with my hand" (UDB). The word "arm" refers to God's power. AT: "cause them harm with my power" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Diblah** - Some early texts say Riblah. Riblah was the name of a city in the north. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Another possible meaning is "around their altars, which are on every high hill." + +# hill—on all the mountain peaks, and under every flourishing tree and thick oak + +Another possible meaning is "hill, on all the mountain peaks, under every flourishing tree, and under every thick oak." + +# flourishing + +healthy and growing + +# oak + +a large tree with strong wood that provided shade for worshipers + +# Diblah + +the name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/intro.md b/ezk/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9015f3d6c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Shrines on the hill tops ##### + +God will destroy all those who have been worshiping idols at the hill top shrines. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/01.md b/ezk/07/01.md index 6bfc1e1049..7aebc166d2 100644 --- a/ezk/07/01.md +++ b/ezk/07/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This starts God's prophecy of judgment on Israel. -## translationNotes +# The word of Yahweh came -* This starts God's prophecy of judgment on Israel. -* **The Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **to the land of Israel** - "to the people of Israel". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the four borders of the land** - This refers to the entire land of Israel. +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You, son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# son of man + +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# the Lord Yahweh says this + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Lord Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# to the land of Israel + +The word "land" is a metonym for the people who live on the land. AT: "to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# An end! + +"The end has come!" + +# the four borders of the land + +"the entire land" The "four borders" are to the north, east, south, and west. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/03.md b/ezk/07/03.md index 92657f1d7d..58b7d9841c 100644 --- a/ezk/07/03.md +++ b/ezk/07/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the end is upon you -* These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -* **the end is upon you** - "your life is finished" or "the end of your time has arrived" -* **according to your ways** - "according to the things you do" or "because of the wicked things you do" -* **I will bring all your abominations upon you** - "I will make you experience the consequences of your disgusting behavior" or "I will punish you for doing those things that I hate so much" -* **abominations** - This refers here to behavior that God hates. -* **For my eyes will not look compassionately at you** - "For I will not look at you with compassion" -* **I will bring your ways upon you** - "I will make you experience the consequences of your bad behavior" or "I will punish you for the bad things you do." -* **your abominations will be in your midst** - 1) "the consequences of your disgusting behavior will surround you" or 2) “your idols will be with you and powerless." Abominations here either refers to punishment for the behavior that God hates, or to their idols, which God hates. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). +The "end" is spoken of as if it were a robber attacking the people. AT: "your life is finished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I am sending out my wrath on you + +"Wrath" is spoken of as if it were an arrow that Yahweh was shooting at the people. AT: "I am angry, and I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# according to your ways + +"according to the things you do" or "because of the wicked things you do" + +# I will bring all your abominations upon you + +"I will punish you for doing those things that I hate so much" + +# For my eyes will not pity you + +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "For I will not pity you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will bring your ways upon you + +The way a person lives is spoken of as a path on which one walks. AT: "I will punish you for the things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your abominations will be in your midst + +Possible meanings are 1) "I will punish all of you because of your abominations" or 2) "this will happen as long as you continue to worship idols." + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/05.md b/ezk/07/05.md index 47b32bac57..9d94b0c452 100644 --- a/ezk/07/05.md +++ b/ezk/07/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:doom]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# The Lord Yahweh says this -* These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **Disaster! Disaster after disaster! Behold, it is coming!** - "Behold, many disasters are coming to you" or "Behold, many terrible things will happen to you." -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translations: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **the end has woken up against you** - The judgment that is coming is treated as if it were an enemy waking up from sleep. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the mountains will no longer be joyful** - "the people on the mountains will not have anymore joy." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Lord Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# Disaster! A unique disaster! Behold, it is coming. + +These exclamations are meant to make the passage very strong. AT: "Behold, a terrible disaster is coming, one that no one has ever experienced before" + +# Behold + +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# The end has woken up against you + +The judgment that is coming is treated as if it were an enemy waking up from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the mountains will no longer be joyful + +The word "mountains" is a metonym for the people who live on the mountains. AT: "the people on the mountains will not have any more joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/08.md b/ezk/07/08.md index bde083ba44..53c182da09 100644 --- a/ezk/07/08.md +++ b/ezk/07/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Now before long -* These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -* **Now before long** - "Very soon now" -* **I will pour out my fury against you and fill up my wrath upon you** - God is using the terms "pour out" and "fill up" to compare his acting in anger and completing his punishment with pouring out water and filling a jar. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **fury** - "wrath" or "great anger" -* **For my eye will not look compassionately** - The phrase "my eye" means God himself. "For I will not look with compassion" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I will not spare you** - "I will not leave you without punishment" or "I will punish you" -* **your abominations will be in your midst so you will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:07:03]]. -* **the one striking you** - "the one who is punishing you" +"Very soon now" + +# I will pour out my fury against you and fill up my wrath upon you + +Yahweh uses the terms "pour out" and "fill up" to speak of his anger as if it were water that he poured out into a jar. These phrases emphasize that Yahweh will punish the people severely. AT: "I will punish you severely because I am very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# fury + +"wrath" or "great anger" + +# For my eye will not look compassionately + +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them" (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will not spare you + +"I will not leave you without punishment" or "I will punish you" + +# your abominations will be in your midst so you will know that I am Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 7:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/10.md b/ezk/07/10.md index 223ecabdf4..b3c5aa6f07 100644 --- a/ezk/07/10.md +++ b/ezk/07/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## translationNotes +# Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming! -* These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **The day is coming** - "The day of your punishment is coming." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] -* **Doom has gone forth** - This shows the certainty that disasters will come to Israel. Alternate translations: "Disaster has begun to come to Israel" or "Terrible things have begun to happen." -* **The rod has bloomed with the blossom of pride** - "A flower has begun to grow on the stick and it has grown big with pride." Here the rod represents either Israel or violence. Possible meanings are 1) "The people of Israel have grown very proud" or "The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Violence has grown up into a rod of wickedness** - "The people's violence has led them to do more wicked things" +"Behold! The day is coming!" You may need to make explicit which day is coming. AT: "Behold! The day when I will punish you is coming!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# Doom has gone out + +"Disaster has begun to come to Israel" or "Terrible things have begun to happen" + +# The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded + +Possible meanings are 1) "The people of Israel have grown very proud" or "The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Violence has grown up into a rod of wickedness + +"The people's violence has led them to do more wicked things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/12.md b/ezk/07/12.md index a459339ca8..e77ffe2840 100644 --- a/ezk/07/12.md +++ b/ezk/07/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## translationNotes +# The time is coming; the day has come close -* These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -* **The time is coming; the day has drawn near** - Both "The time" and "the day" refer to the time when God will punish the people of Israel. Alternative translation: "Israel's punishment will happen very soon" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the vision is against the entire multitude** - "what God has shown will happen to the the multitude" -* **multitude** - a very large number of people. Here it refers to the people of Israel. -* **as long as they live** - The word "they" refers to the people of Israel who sell things. -* **they will not return** - "they will not go back to Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **no man living in his sin will be strengthened** - The word "strengthened" refers to God's helping a person to keep going when things are hard through hope, encouragement and physical energy. "no one alive who keeps disobeying God will be helped by God." +Both "The time" and "the day" refer to the time when God will punish the people of Israel. AT: "Israel's punishment will happen very soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my anger is on the entire multitude + +"I am angry with the whole multitude" + +# multitude + +a very large number of people. Here it refers to the people of Israel. + +# as long as they both live + +as long as "the buyer" and "the seller" (7:12) both live + +# the vision concerning the entire multitude will not be reversed + +"God will surely do to the multitude what he has shown me" + +# none of them will be strengthened + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will not strengthen any of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/14.md b/ezk/07/14.md index 0380a264be..2e254f3eb2 100644 --- a/ezk/07/14.md +++ b/ezk/07/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## translationNotes +# They have blown the trumpet -* These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -* **They have blown the trumpet** - "They have blown the trumpet to call people to fight against the enemy" -* **A sword is on the outside** - A sword represents battle or war. Alternate translation: "There is fighting outside." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **plague and famine are inside the building** - The building probably refers to the city. -* **while famine and plague will consume those in the city** - Here the word "consume" means "totally destroy." Alternate translation: "and most of the people in the city will die from hunger and sickness." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Like doves of the valleys, all of them will moan** - Doves make a low-pitched noise that sounds like a moan. A moan is the sound a person makes when he has constant pain or deep sadness. +"They have blown the trumpet to call people to fight against the enemy" + +# my anger is on the entire multitude + +"I am angry with the whole multitude." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 7:12](./12.md). + +# The sword is on the outside + +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: + +# the building + +the city + +# while famine and plague will consume those in the city + +The word "consume" is a metaphor for "totally destroy." AT: "and most of the people in the city will die from hunger and sickness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Like doves of the valleys, all of them will moan + +Doves make a low-pitched noise that sounds like the sound a person makes when he is in constant pain or deep sadness. AT: "They will all be so sad that they will moan, and the sound will be as if they were a flock of doves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/17.md b/ezk/07/17.md index 9dd3fe8fc8..ca2438db3b 100644 --- a/ezk/07/17.md +++ b/ezk/07/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## translationNotes +# Every hand will falter and every knee will be weak as water -* These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -* **and terror will cover them** - "they will be full of fear" or "and they will be very afraid" -* **in the day of Yahweh's rage** - "in the day when Yahweh acts on his anger" or "when Yahweh punishes them" -* **and their stomachs will not be filled** - "and they will have no food to eat" +The hands and knees are synecdoches for the people themselves. AT: "Everyone will be so terrified that they will be unable to work and their knees will become weak so that they cannot stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# falter + +fail to do what it is supposed to do + +# every knee will be weak as water + +Another possible translation is, "every knee will flow with water," a euphemism for all the people losing control of their bladders because they are so frightened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# knee ... weak as water + +Water cannot stand up, and the people's knees will be so weak that the people are unable to stand on their legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# terror will cover them + +Terror is spoken of as if it were clothing. AT: "everyone will see how terrified they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# baldness on all of their heads + +Shaving the head was a sign of sadness. AT: "all of them will shave their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the day of Yahweh's rage + +"in the day when Yahweh acts on his anger" or "when Yahweh punishes them" + +# the day + +This can be a time period of more or less than one 24-hour day. + +# their hunger will not be satisfied + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they will not be able to satisfy their hunger" or "they will still be hungry even after they eat all they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their iniquity has become a stumbling block + +Possible meanings are 1) "because having a lot of gold and silver has led them to sin" or 2) "because they are evil, they are committing sins that show how evil they are." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/20.md b/ezk/07/20.md index 6c2838a1fb..a70f915124 100644 --- a/ezk/07/20.md +++ b/ezk/07/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## translationNotes +# with them -* These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -* **detestable acts** - This refers to acts that God hates and that people should hate. -* **I will give those things into the hand of strangers** - The word "hand" is used to refer to control. "I will give those idols into the control of people they don't know" or "I will give those idols to people they don't know" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **plunder** - things that are stolen or taken by force -* **they will defile them** - The strangers and wicked people will defile the idols that the people of Israel had made. -* **I will turn my face away** - "I will not pay attention" or "I will look away" or "I will not notice" -* **my cherished place** - "the place I love." This refers to God's temple. +with the jeweled ornaments + +# I will give those things into the hand of strangers + +The word "hand" is used to refer to control. "I will give those idols into the control of people they do not know" or "I will give those idols to people they do not know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# plunder + +things that are stolen or taken by force + +# they will defile them + +The strangers and wicked people will defile the idols that the people of Israel had made. + +# I will turn my face away + +"I will not pay attention" or "I will look away" or "I will not notice" + +# my cherished place + +"the place I love." This refers to God's temple. + +# bandits + +"robbers." This word refers to violent men who steal and destroy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/23.md b/ezk/07/23.md index e4b434da3b..2916869584 100644 --- a/ezk/07/23.md +++ b/ezk/07/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +These are Yahweh's words to Ezekiel about Israel. -## translationNotes +# Make a chain -* These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -* **Make a chain** - Chains are used to hold slaves or prisoners. God says this to show the people that they will become slaves or prisoners. -* **the land is filled with the judgment of blood** - "everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others." The word "blood" here represents murder and death. -* **the city is full of violence** - "violence is everywhere in the city" or "many people in the city are doing violent things to others" -* ** and they will possess their houses** - "the wicked will take the houses of Israel" -* **I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty** - I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves" -* **their holy places will be defiled!** - "Enemies will defile the places where you worship." -* **Fear will come** - "The people will be afraid" -* **They will seek peace** - "They will hope for peace" or "They will try to make peace with their enemies" +Chains are used to hold slaves or prisoners. God says this to show the people that they will become slaves or prisoners. + +# the land is filled with the judgment of blood + +Possible meanings are 1) "everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others" or 2) "the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people." The word "blood" here represents murder and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the city is full of violence + +The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. The abstract noun "violence" can be translated as a verb. AT: "violence is everywhere in the city" or "many people in the city are doing violent things to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they will possess their houses + +the wicked will take the Israelites' houses + +# I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty + +"I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves" + +# their holy places will be defiled! + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "enemies will defile the places where they worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their holy places + +the places in which they worshiped idols + +# Fear will come + +"The people will be afraid" + +# They will seek peace + +"They will try to make peace with their enemies" + +# but there will be none + +"but they will be unable to make peace with their enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/26.md b/ezk/07/26.md index 33257d55aa..8aac5f9351 100644 --- a/ezk/07/26.md +++ b/ezk/07/26.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:elder,]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:promisedland]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## translationNotes +# Disaster upon disaster will come -* These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -* **They will seek a vision from the prophet** - "They will ask the prophets what visions they have seen." -* **the Law will perish from the priest and counsel from the elders** - "The priests will not teach the Law and the elders will not be able to give good counsel." This is because God will not give them wisdom. -* **the prince will dress in despair** - "The prince will be full of despair" or "the prince will not have any hope." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **hands of the people of the land will tremble in fear** - "the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **know that I am Yahweh** - Possible meanings are 1) “understand who I, Yahweh, am” or 2) “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or 3) “know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do.” (UDB) +Disaster is spoken of as if it could move by itself. AT: "One disaster after another will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they will seek a vision from the prophet + +"they will ask the prophets what visions they have seen" + +# the law will perish from the priest and advice from the elders + +"The priests will not teach the law, and the elders will not be able to give good advice." This is because God will not give them wisdom. + +# the prince + +Possible meanings are 1) "the king's son" or 2) every male member of the royal family except the king. + +# will dress in despair + +Possible meanings are 1) clothing is a metonym for what a person feels, "will have no hope," or 2) "will dress in clothes that show he is mourning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hands of the people of the land will tremble in fear + +The word "hands" is a synecdoche for the people. AT: "the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/intro.md b/ezk/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9331286325 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Now is the time for punishment ##### + +The people will be punished severely for their idol worship and the temple will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/01.md b/ezk/08/01.md index ff4b5c705c..ce24549234 100644 --- a/ezk/08/01.md +++ b/ezk/08/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Ezekiel tells about another vision he saw. -## translationNotes +# So it came about -* Ezekiel tells about another vision he saw. -* **So it came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **the hand of the Lord Yahweh again fell on me** - The word "hand" is often used to refer to power or actions. AT: "the power of Yahweh began to control me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **glowing metal** - When metal is very hot, it glows with a yellow or orange light. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# in the sixth year + +You may need to make explicit the time period of which this is the sixth year. AT: "in the sixth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the sixth month, in the fifth day of the month + +This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of September on Western calendars. AT: "the fifth day of the sixth month." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the hand of the Lord Yahweh again fell upon me + +This should be translated literally, as Ezekiel later sees something like a hand. Others may choose to consider the hand a metaphor for Yahweh's presence or power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lord Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# fell upon + +"took hold of" + +# a likeness with the appearance of a man + +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. Both "likeness" and "appearance" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "there was someone who appeared to be a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# glowing metal + +When metal is very hot, it glows with a yellow or orange light. + +# the appearance of his hips ... the appearance of something shining + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "what appeared to be his hips ... what appeared to be something shining" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/03.md b/ezk/08/03.md index ffcf05040b..841646cfaa 100644 --- a/ezk/08/03.md +++ b/ezk/08/03.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Ezekiel continues telling about the vision from God. -## translationNotes +# he reached out -* Ezekiel continues telling about the vision from God. -* **between earth and heaven** - "between the ground and sky" -* **in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem** - The words "in visions" mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel's thoughts. He would still be in his home while God shows him these things. -* **the inner Northern Gate** - "the inner Northern Gate of the temple" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* ** the idol that provokes great jealousy** - "the idol that causes great jealousy" or "the idol that causes God to be jealous" -* **whose appearance was the same as I had seen in the plain** - "who looked the same as the one I had seen in the plain" -* **the plain** - a large area of flat land that has few trees. +The word "he" probably refers to the "figure like a man" ([Ezekiel 8:2](./01.md)). + +# between earth and heaven + +"between the ground and the sky" + +# in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem + +The words "in visions" mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel's thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things. + +# the inner northern gate + +"the inner northern gate of the temple." The temple was surrounded by two walls, one inside the other. This gate was on the north side of the inner wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the idol that provokes great jealousy + +"the idol that causes God to be very jealous" + +# according to the vision I had seen on the plain + +Possible meanings are 1) "who looked the same as what I had seen in the vision that I saw when I was on the plain" or 2) "who looked the same as what I saw when I was on the plain." + +# the plain + +a large area of flat land that has few trees. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/05.md b/ezk/08/05.md index c4c056012a..4094014643 100644 --- a/ezk/08/05.md +++ b/ezk/08/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +The "figure like a man" ([Ezekiel 8:2](./01.md)) speaks to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **lift up your eyes** - "look" or "turn your head and look" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **do you see what they are doing** - God uses this question to bring Ezekiel's attention to what the people were doing. Alternate translation: "do you understand what the people here are doing." +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lift up your eyes ... lifted up my eyes + +This idiom means that he should look towards something. AT: "look up ... looked up" or "turn your head and look ... turned my head and looked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# gate leading to the altar + +"gate through which people would walk so they could go to the altar" + +# do you see what they are doing? + +God uses this question to bring Ezekiel's attention to what the people were doing. AT: "I want you to understand why I hate what the people here are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/07.md b/ezk/08/07.md index ff0e76bb77..fc098738b7 100644 --- a/ezk/08/07.md +++ b/ezk/08/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the courtyard -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the courtyard** - "the temple courtyard" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +You may need to make explicit which courtyard. "the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/10.md b/ezk/08/10.md index 9cdb89fbad..ef54a87bc9 100644 --- a/ezk/08/10.md +++ b/ezk/08/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] +This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. Your language may have a different word to show this. -## translationNotes +# every form of creeping thing and detestable beast -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -* **every form of creeping thing and detestable beast** - "carvings in the wall of all kinds of creeping animals and detestable beasts." The phrase "creeping thing" refer to insects and other small animals. -* **the house of Israel** - "the people of Israel." See how you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **Jaazaniah, the son of Shaphan** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **censer** - a pan that people use for burning incense in when they worship God or false gods +"carvings in the wall of all kinds of creeping animals and detestable beasts." The phrase "creeping thing" refer to insects and other small animals. + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the wall all around + +You may need to make explicit which wall. AT: "the wall all around the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jaazaniah ... Shaphan + +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# censer + +a pan that people burn incense in when they worship God or false gods \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/12.md b/ezk/08/12.md index c1deb80239..0519a75b0d 100644 --- a/ezk/08/12.md +++ b/ezk/08/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# do you see what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark? -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] +God is commanding Ezekiel to look at what the elders are doing. AT: "look at what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel -* **do you see what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark** - God asked this question so that Ezekiel can agree with God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **hidden chambers** - private rooms that are hard to find and get into +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hidden chamber of his idol + +"the room where no one can see him worship his idol" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/14.md b/ezk/08/14.md index 00583a9236..19f4563882 100644 --- a/ezk/08/14.md +++ b/ezk/08/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the entrance of the gate of Yahweh's house that was on the north side -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +This was the outer north gate—not the same one as in [Ezekiel 8:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# behold! -* **the entrance of the gate of Yahweh's house that was on the north side** - This was the outer north gate--not the same one as in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:08:03]]. See the UDB. -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -* **mourning for Tammuz** - "grieving because the false god Tammuz had died. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. + +# mourning for Tammuz + +grieving because the false god Tammuz had died (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Do you see this ... man? + +Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. AT: "Think about this ... man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/16.md b/ezk/08/16.md index 11bb877aec..749a515984 100644 --- a/ezk/08/16.md +++ b/ezk/08/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# behold! -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -## translationNotes +# portico -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -* **portico** - an open building that has a roof and columns that support it, but no walls -* **and their faces toward the east** - "and they were looking toward the east" -* **Shamesh** - This is the name of a false god that the people of Babylon worshiped. He was known as the sun god. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support + +# their faces toward the east + +"they were looking toward the east" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/17.md b/ezk/08/17.md index 4a0fc22aaa..cc86700fb8 100644 --- a/ezk/08/17.md +++ b/ezk/08/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you see this ... man? -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. AT: "Think about this ... man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Is it a little thing for the house of Judah to do these abominations that they are doing here? -* **Is it a little thing for the house of Judah to do these abominations that they are doing here** - God uses this question to show his anger that the people of Judah do not think that worshiping idols is very bad. Alternate translation: Do the people of Judah think that their abominations are not serious?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **they have filled the land with violence** - "throughout the country they are doing violent things or "all over the country they are attacking one another" -* **to provoke me to anger** - "to make me angry" -* **holding up branches to their noses** - This may mean "holding up branches to their nose in false worship." -* **I will not spare them** - "I will still punish them." -* **Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice** - Alternate translation: "Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice" -* **I will not hear them** - I will not listen to them +God uses this question to show that he is right to be angry at the people of Judah. AT: "I am right to be angry at the house of Judah because of these abominations that they are doing here." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have filled the land with violence + +"throughout the country they are doing violent things or "all over the country they are attacking one another" + +# to provoke me to anger + +"to make me angry" + +# putting the branch to their noses + +Possible meanings are 1) the people were using the branches in false worship or 2) the people were using the branches to show rebellion against Yahweh. The words "branch to ... noses" may be a literal tree branch and literal noses, or they could be the term for a hand gesture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my eye will not have compassion + +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them" (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will not spare them + +"I will still punish them" + +# Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice + +"Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice" + +# I will not hear them + +"I will not listen to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/intro.md b/ezk/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89f441d117 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judah's sin ##### + +The people have contaminated the temple with their worship of other gods and through their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/01.md b/ezk/09/01.md index af909bb25c..f815f73739 100644 --- a/ezk/09/01.md +++ b/ezk/09/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision God gave him. It started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md). -## translationNotes +# he cried in my hearing -* Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision God gave him. It started in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:01]]. -* **he cried in my hearing** - "I heard him call out" -* **guards** - people who who protect something. -* **weapon of destruction** - weapon for destroying people or things -* **weapon of slaughter** - weapon for killing many people -* **Behold** - The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as "Indeed." -* **linen** - a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. Alternate translation: "smooth cloth" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **scribe's equipment** - tools that scribes use to write with -* **bronze** - A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +"I heard him call out" + +# he cried + +the "figure like a man" ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/01.md)) cried + +# weapon of destruction + +weapon for destroying people or things + +# weapon of slaughter + +weapon for killing many people + +# behold + +"what I am about to say is important" + +# the upper gate that faces north + +"the upper northern gate" or "the north gate of the inner court" + +# linen + +a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. AT: "smooth cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# scribe's equipment + +tools that scribes write with + +# bronze + +A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/03.md b/ezk/09/03.md index 875d8af6d4..8add539556 100644 --- a/ezk/09/03.md +++ b/ezk/09/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# from the cherubim where it had been -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) "from above the four winged creatures" ([Ezekiel 1:5](../01/04.md)) or 2) from between the two cherubim in the most holy place in the temple. Try to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# threshold of the house -* **threshold of the house** - The "house" refers to God's temple. -* **linen** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:09:01]]. -* **scribe's equipment** - see how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:09:01]]. -* **groan and sigh** - These are sounds people make when they feel very sad or stressed about something. -* **the abominations being peformed in the midst of the city** - "the horrible things being done in the city" or "the detestable things that people are doing in the city +The "house" refers to God's temple. + +# linen + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](./01.md). + +# scribe's equipment + +tools that scribes write with. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](./01.md). + +# groan and sigh + +These are sounds people make when they feel very sad or grieved about something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the abominations being performed in the midst of the city + +"the horrible things being done in the city" or "the detestable things that people are doing in the city \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/05.md b/ezk/09/05.md index a8799ef906..36b5b6ca97 100644 --- a/ezk/09/05.md +++ b/ezk/09/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he spoke to the others within my hearing -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +The word "others" refers to the guards ([Ezekiel 9:1](./01.md)). -## translationNotes +# Do not let your eyes have compassion -* **he spoke to the others within my hearing** - The word "others" refers to the guards. (See: [[en:bible:notes:ezk:09:01]]) -* **Do not let your eyes have compassion** - "Do not have compassion on the people you see." -* **do not spare** - "do not refrain from killing" -* **mark on his head** - These were the people who groaned about the abominations happening in Jerusalem. See how you translated "mark" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:09:03]]. -* **Begin at my sanctuary** - "Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "Do not have compassion" (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# do not spare + +"do not refrain from killing" + +# mark on his head + +These were the people who groaned about the abominations happening in Jerusalem. See how you translated "mark" in [Ezekiel 9:4](./03.md). + +# Begin at my sanctuary + +You may need to make explicit what the people are to begin to do at the sanctuary. AT: "Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the elders + +Possible meanings are 1) the "seventy elders of the house of Israel" ([Ezekiel 8:11](../08/10.md)) or 2) any "old man" (see the beginning of the verse). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/07.md b/ezk/09/07.md index 047b0f06e5..6d7117d255 100644 --- a/ezk/09/07.md +++ b/ezk/09/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +God continuing to speak to the guards judging the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the house -* God continuing to speak to the guards judging the people of Israel. -* **struck the city** - "attacked the city" or "attacked the people in the city" -* **And as they were striking it** - "And as they were attacking it" -* **I fell on my face** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:03:22]] -* **Alas, Lord Yahweh** - Ezekiel says this because he is very troubled by what the Lord told the men to do to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:04:14]]. -* **in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem** - "when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem" or "when you act in your anger against Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +the temple + +# attacked the city + +The word "city" is a metonym for the people in the city. AT: "attacked the people in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I fell on my face + +"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ah, Lord Yahweh + +Ezekiel says this because he is very troubled by what the Lord told the men to do to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:14](../04/14.md). + +# will you destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem? + +Ezekiel is pleading with Yahweh not to destroy the remnant. AT: "please do not destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem + +Wrath is spoken of as if it were a liquid that Yahweh could pour out of a container. The word "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the people in the city. The abstract noun "outpouring" can be translated as a verb. AT: "when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem" or "when you punish the people of Jerusalem because you are very angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/09.md b/ezk/09/09.md index fb1872bac6..d08980df45 100644 --- a/ezk/09/09.md +++ b/ezk/09/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# exceedingly great -* **house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **exceedingly great** - "very great" -* **The land is full of blood** - "the land is full of violence" or "All over the land people are killing people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the city full of perversions** - Possible meanings are 1) "the city is full of people who pervert justice" or 2) "the city is full of people who do perverse things." Alternate translations: "the city is full of people who act unjustly" (UDB) or "the city has many people who do wicked things" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my eye will not look with compassion** - "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them." The eye here refers to how he regards people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **bring it all on their heads** - "bring the effects of what they have done on their heads." It means "I will repay them for what they have done" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “Indeed.” -* **linen** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:09:01]]. -* **He reported and said** - "He reported to Yahweh and told him" +"very great" + +# The land is full of blood and the city full of perversions + +Here "land" is spoken of as if it were a container filled with blood. Here "blood" is metonym for murder. And "city" is spoken of as if it were a container and "perversions" were the contents inside of it. AT: "All over the land people are killing innocent people, and all over the city people are doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my eye will not look with compassion + +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them" (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bring it all on their heads + +To bring someone's conduct on him represents punishing him for his bad conduct. AT: "punishing them as they deserve" + +# Behold + +"Pay attention to what I am about to say" + +# linen + +a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](./01.md). AT: "smooth cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# He reported and said + +"He reported to Yahweh and told him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/intro.md b/ezk/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b8f6bdb238 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sorrow over sin ##### + +God was looking for people who were sad that there was so much evil being done. Yahweh would keep these faithful people from being killed with the rest of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/01.md b/ezk/10/01.md index 7144549ab8..2c6b9a9dc9 100644 --- a/ezk/10/01.md +++ b/ezk/10/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md). -## translationNotes +# toward the dome -* Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:01]]. -* **towards the dome** - "toward the curved roof" -* **cherubim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:09:03]]. -* **like a sapphire** - A sapphire is a valuable stone of blue or green color. -* **with the appearance of the likeness of a throne** - "that looked like a throne" -* **man dressed in linen** - See how you translated the word "linen" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:09:01]]. -* **Go between the wheels** - See how you translated the word "wheels" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:15]]. -* **fiery coals** - Coals are the burned pieces of wood left over after a fire. They are black, but they glow red and orange when they are very hot. -* **scatter them over the city** - "sprinkle them over the city" or "spread them over the city" +"toward the curved roof" + +# cherubim + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). + +# like a sapphire + +a valuable blue or green gemstone + +# with the appearance of the likeness of a throne + +"that looked like something that looked like a throne." Ezekiel is not willing to say for sure that it looked like a throne. + +# linen + +a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/01.md). AT: "smooth cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Go between the wheels + +Translate the word "wheels" as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). + +# fiery coals + +Coals are the burned pieces of wood left over after a fire. They are black, but they glow red and orange when they are very hot. They are also called charcoal. + +# scatter them over the city + +"sprinkle them over the city" or "spread them over the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/03.md b/ezk/10/03.md index dd2cba9c52..865cf918b1 100644 --- a/ezk/10/03.md +++ b/ezk/10/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Ezekiel interrupts his description of what was happening and describes what he saw. -## translationNotes +# The cherubim stood ... inner courtyard -* **cherubim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:10:03]]. -* **it filled the house** - The word "it" refers to the glory of God. +This is background information for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# cherubim + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). + +# on the right side + +As one faces east, "the right side" is toward the south. AT: "on the south side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the house + +the temple + +# The glory of Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). + +# It filled + +the glory of Yahweh filled \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/06.md b/ezk/10/06.md index e5cc0db220..c27a06686b 100644 --- a/ezk/10/06.md +++ b/ezk/10/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] +This phrase is used here to mark when the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# when God commanded the man dressed in linen and said -* **it came about** - This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **when God commanded the man dressed in linen and said** - This is a repeat of the information that was given in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:10:01]]. After talking about the cherubim and God's glory in 10:3-5, Ezekiel returns to telling about the man that was wearing linen. -* **the man dressed in linen** - See how you translated the word “linen” in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:09:01]]. -* **beside a wheel** - See how you translated the word “wheel” in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:15]]. -* **I saw on the cherubim something like a man’s hand under their wings** - "I saw that the cherubim had something like a man's hand under their wings" +This is a repeat of the information that was given in [Ezekiel 10:2](./01.md). After talking about the cherubim and God's glory in 10:3-5, Ezekiel returns to telling about the man who was wearing linen. + +# the man dressed in linen + +Translate "linen" as in [Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md). + +# beside a wheel + +Translate "wheel" as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). + +# I saw on the cherubim something like a man's hand under their wings + +"I saw that the cherubim had something like a man's hand under their wings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/09.md b/ezk/10/09.md index a3a5bf6d94..8596f32eaf 100644 --- a/ezk/10/09.md +++ b/ezk/10/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:face]] +Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw -## translationNotes +# wheels -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -* **wheels** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:15]]. -* **cherubim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:10:01]]. -* **like a beryl stone** - "Beryl" is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. Emerald is the green type of beryl and aquamarine is the blue type of beryl. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **a wheel intersecting another wheel** - The word "intersecting" means "crossing" or "meeting" or "touching." -* **where the head faced** - "where the cherub's head was facing" or "where the cherub's face was looking" +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). + +# cherubim + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). + +# cherub + +This is the singular form of "cherubim." + +# the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone" or "what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# beryl stone + +"Beryl" is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. The abstract noun "likeness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "All four of them appeared to be similar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a wheel intersecting another wheel + +The word "intersecting" means "crossing" or "passing through." + +# they went in any of their four directions + +Possible meanings are 1) "their" refers to the creatures. AT: "they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards" or 2) "their" refers to the wheels. + +# whatever direction the head faced, they followed + +Possible meanings for "the head" are 1) this refers to the winged creatures. AT: "they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking" or 2) this refers to the front wheel. AT: "they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/12.md b/ezk/10/12.md index c2710127b9..4cd78cb52d 100644 --- a/ezk/10/12.md +++ b/ezk/10/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Their whole body -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] +"The whole bodies of the cherubim" -## translationNotes +# wheels -* **Their whole body** - "The whole bodies of the cherubim" -* **wheels** - See how you translated the word “wheels” in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:15]]. -* **the wheels were called, "Whirling."** - The word "Whirling" means "Spinning." Here it is the name of the wheels. -* **They had four faces each** - "Each cherub had four faces" or "Each of the cherubim had four faces" -* **cherub** - See how you translated cherubim in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:10:03]]. +Translate the word "wheels" as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). + +# the wheels were called, "Whirling." + +The word "Whirling" means "Spinning." Here it is the name of the wheels. This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone called the wheels, 'Whirling.'" or "the name of the wheels was 'Whirling.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They had four faces each + +"Each cherub had four faces" or "Each of the cherubim had four faces." Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:6](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/15.md b/ezk/10/15.md index cecc727cdb..c9694c6b32 100644 --- a/ezk/10/15.md +++ b/ezk/10/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# cherubim -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). -## translationNotes +# living creatures -* **cherubim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:10]] -* **living creatures** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:13]]. -* **Chebar canal** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:01]]. -* **rose up** - "went up into the air" -* **They still stayed beside them** - "The wheels stayed with the cherubim." Alternate translation: "The wheels moved with the cherubim." -* **stood still** - "stayed still" or "did not move" -* **the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels** - Possible meanings: 1) "the spirit of the living creatures controlled the wheels" or 2) "the spirit of the living creature was the same as the spirit in the wheels" +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13](../01/13.md). + +# the Kebar Canal + +This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# rose up + +"went up into the air" + +# They still stayed beside them + +"The wheels stayed with the cherubim." AT: "The wheels moved with the cherubim" + +# stood still + +"stayed still" or "did not move" + +# the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels + +Possible meanings are 1) Ezekiel is speaking of the "creatures" of verse 15 as if they were one creature. AT: "the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels" or 2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. AT: "the spirit of life was in the wheels" or "the living spirit was in the wheels" or 3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:20](../01/19.md). AT: "the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/18.md b/ezk/10/18.md index 136589dffc..af196b650a 100644 --- a/ezk/10/18.md +++ b/ezk/10/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the glory of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). -## translationNotes +# the house -* **the glory of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:03:12]]. -* **the house** - This refers to God's temple. -* **stood over** - "stayed over" -* **stood** - Here the word "stood" means "halted" or "waited." -* **came upon them from above** - "went above the cherubim" +the temple + +# stood over + +"stayed over" or "waited over" + +# came upon them from above + +"went above the cherubim" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/20.md b/ezk/10/20.md index c478252ede..0ffda9523b 100644 --- a/ezk/10/20.md +++ b/ezk/10/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the living creatures -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13](../01/13.md). -## translationNotes +# the Kebar Canal -* **the living creatures** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:13]]. -* **Chebar canal** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:01]]. -* **went straight ahead** - "faced forward" or "looked directly ahead" +This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# the likeness of human hands + +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like human hands. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "something that looked like human hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the likeness of their faces was like the faces that I had seen + +The abstract noun "likeness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "their faces looked like the faces that I had seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# went straight ahead + +"faced forward" or "looked directly ahead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/intro.md b/ezk/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99be35666d --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God left the temple ##### + +God now abandoned Judah, and left the temple. This was devastating to the religious life of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/01.md b/ezk/11/01.md index 94071a6091..2293ce260e 100644 --- a/ezk/11/01.md +++ b/ezk/11/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md). -## translationNotes +# to the eastern gate of Yahweh's house, facing east -* Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:01]]. -* **behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **Yahweh's house** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. +This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. AT: "the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding Yahweh's house" or "the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard" + +# Yahweh's house + +See how you translated this phrase in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# twenty-five men + +"25 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jaazaniah son of Azzur and Pelatiah son of Benaiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# among them + +"among the twenty-five men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/02.md b/ezk/11/02.md index 8ccecf5e62..04f4ba501c 100644 --- a/ezk/11/02.md +++ b/ezk/11/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision. -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **this city is the pot, and we are the meat** - The wall around the city protects the people as a pot protects the food in it. AT: "This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the pot** - Possible meanings are 1) a pot for storing meat or 2) a pot for cooking meat. +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# The time to build houses is not now + +This shows the people feel so secure they are not worried about building houses now. Other versions of the Bible read, "Now is the time to build our houses." This would mean that the people want to build houses because they feel secure. + +# this city is the pot, and we are the meat + +The people speak of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. The metaphor suggests that they are important and safe within the city. AT: "This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the pot + +Possible meanings are 1) a pot for storing meat or 2) a pot for cooking meat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/05.md b/ezk/11/05.md index 781eac0187..a9796b5385 100644 --- a/ezk/11/05.md +++ b/ezk/11/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to talk to the prophet Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# the Spirit of Yahweh fell on me -* Yahweh continues to talk to the prophet Ezekiel. -* **house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **as you are saying** - God was referring to what the people were saying in 11:3. AT: "It will be as you are saying" or "You are saying those things" -* **The people you have killed...are the meat, and this city is the pot** - AT: "The people you have killed ... are like the meat in the pot, and this city is the pot. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Ezekiel speaks of the Spirit of Yahweh inspiring and empowering him to prophesy as if the Spirit of Yahweh fell upon him. AT: "the Spirit of Yahweh empowered me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# That is what you are saying + +"You are saying these things." This refers to what the people were saying in [Ezekiel 11:3](./02.md). + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "Israelites" or "Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The people you have killed ... are the meat, and this city is the pot + +Yahweh speaks of the people whom they have killed as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](./02.md). AT: "The people you have killed ... are like the meat in the pot, and this city is like the pot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But you are going to be brought out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But I am going to bring you out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/08.md b/ezk/11/08.md index 5fd06588dd..64fd4294cb 100644 --- a/ezk/11/08.md +++ b/ezk/11/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## translationNotes +# You have feared the sword, so I am bringing the sword upon you -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -* **You have feared the sword** - The word "sword" refers to war. AT: "You have feared war" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **put you into the hands of foreigners** - The word "hands" here refers to power or control. AT:"I will put you into the power of foreigners" or "I will make foreigners capture you" -* **along the border of Israel** - "along the edge of Israel" -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how to translate this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]] +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "You have feared war, so I am bringing enemy armies to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# put you into the hands of foreigners + +Here the metonym "hands" represents power or control. AT: "put you into the power of foreigners" or "enable foreigners to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You will fall by the sword + +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "They will kill you with their swords" or "You will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/11.md b/ezk/11/11.md index 5baa3666dd..1c9b6bdc3a 100644 --- a/ezk/11/11.md +++ b/ezk/11/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## translationNotes +# This city will not be your cooking pot, nor will you be the meat -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -* **This city will not be your cooking pot, nor will you be the meat** - See note in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:02]]. -* **within the borders** - This expression uses the borders to represent Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **borders** - the outer edges of a country or territory -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]] +The people had spoken of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. Yahweh says that this is not true. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](./02.md). AT: "This city is not like a pot that will protect you as a pot protects meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# within the borders of Israel + +"in the land of Israel" + +# the one whose statutes you have not walked in + +Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. AT: "the one whose statutes you have not obeyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/13.md b/ezk/11/13.md index 35c05d3d3a..c3931e5302 100644 --- a/ezk/11/13.md +++ b/ezk/11/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Pelatiah son of Benaiah -* **And it came about** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Pelatiah, the son of Benaiah** - He was one of the wicked leaders of Israel mentioned in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:01]]. -* **I fell on my face** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:27]]. -* **Alas** - Ezekiel says this to show his fear about what will happen to the rest of the people there. +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I fell on my face + +"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Alas, Lord Yahweh + +The word "Alas" is an exclamation that expresses fear and sadness. AT: "Oh no, Lord Yahweh" or "Ah, Lord Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/14.md b/ezk/11/14.md index bf2a0f110e..da3a1b0c68 100644 --- a/ezk/11/14.md +++ b/ezk/11/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# your brothers! Your brothers! -* **The Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **your brothers! Your brothers!** - This is stated twice for emphasis. -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **All of them of whom it is said by those living in Jerusalem** - "All of them about whom the people living in Jerusalem are saying." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is stated twice for emphasis. + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family, in this case the Israelites who are the descendants of Jacob. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# All of them are those of whom it is said by those living in Jerusalem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people living in Jerusalem say about all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All of them are those of whom + +Some versions have "All of them are those to whom" + +# This land was given to us as our possession + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has given this land to us as our possession" or "This land has become our possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/16.md b/ezk/11/16.md index 48cda58335..905ac940df 100644 --- a/ezk/11/16.md +++ b/ezk/11/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Yahweh gives this message to Ezekiel about the Israelites who were in exile. -## translationNotes +# I have been a sanctuary for them -* Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to Israel about those who were scattered. -* **I have been a sanctuary for them** - AT: "I have been with them to preserve them." -* **lands where they have gone** - AT: "nations where they have been taken" -* **I will gather you from the peoples, and assemble you from the lands** - Yahweh says this promise two times in different ways in order to show that it's important. AT: "I will bring you back from the nations of people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **detestable** - AT: "horrible," or "offensive" +Yahweh speaks of dwelling among the people who are in exile as if he were a sanctuary for them. AT: "I have been with them" or "I have been like their place of worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will gather you from the peoples, and assemble you from the lands + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes the surety of Yahweh's promise to bring the exiles back to the land of Israel. AT: "I will bring you back from all of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# where you were scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where I scattered you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every detestable thing and every abomination + +These words have similar meanings and emphasize that God will remove all the idols from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# every detestable thing + +This means things that cause hatred or disgust. Here it refers to idols. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/19.md b/ezk/11/19.md index 0501eeb14a..3105f8c4df 100644 --- a/ezk/11/19.md +++ b/ezk/11/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +God continues the prophecy of what will happen to the scattered Israelites. -## translationNotes +# I will give them one heart ... give them a heart of flesh -* God continues the prophecy of what will happen to the scattered Israelites. -* **the stone heart from their flesh** - This is a way of saying that God will change their attitude from stubborn rebellion. AT: "their stubbornness" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a heart of flesh** - This is a way to say that God will change their attitude to accept his rule. AT: "a willingness to obey" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **affection** - AT: "devotion" -* **detestable things** - AT: "obnoxious things" or "offensive things" -* **conduct** - AT: "actions" -* **on their own heads** - AT: "back onto those people." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **declaration** - AT: "statement" +Yahweh speaks of all of the Israelites who are in exile as if they are one person, with one heart and one spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will give them one heart + +Here the metonym "heart" represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of causing all of the people to share the same new emotions as if he were giving them one heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will put a new spirit within them + +Here the metonym "spirit" represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of causing the people to think new thoughts as if he were giving them a new spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will take out the heart of stone from their flesh and give them a heart of flesh + +Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had a stone heart and of their being willingly obedient as if they had a heart of flesh. He speaks of causing them to become willingly obedient as if he were exchanging those two hearts. AT: "I will cause them to stop being stubborn and instead cause them to obey me willingly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will walk in my statutes, they will carry out my decrees and do them + +Each of these phrases have similar meanings and describes the people as obeying what Yahweh has commanded them to do. They are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# they will walk in my statutes + +Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like a person would walk along a road. AT: "they will obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who walk with affection toward their detestable things + +Yahweh speaks of a person's conduct as if it were the person walking. AT: "those who conduct their lives out of devotion to their detestable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# detestable things + +This means things that cause hatred or disgust. Here it refers to idols. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:18](./16.md). + +# I will bring their conduct on their own heads + +Here the metonym "conduct" represents the consequences of their actions. The idiom "bring ... on their own heads" means they will experience these consequences. AT: "I will cause them to suffer the consequences of their actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/22.md b/ezk/11/22.md index 86e2d6d2a1..b586a3cf72 100644 --- a/ezk/11/22.md +++ b/ezk/11/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The cherubim and the glory of God leave the temple and city. -## translationNotes +# cherubim -* The cherubim of Chapter 10 leave the temple and city along with the glory of God. -* **wheels that were beside them** - See how you translated "wheels" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:15]]. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/24.md b/ezk/11/24.md index c8d0666d96..c3d9dc4f68 100644 --- a/ezk/11/24.md +++ b/ezk/11/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the vision that I had seen went up from upon me -* [[en:tw:Chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **exiles** - "exiles" refers to the Israelites forced to live in Chaldea. +Ezekiel speaks of the vision ending as if the vision was an object that had been upon him and then left him. AT: "the vision that I had seen ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/intro.md b/ezk/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..41fee9924d --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Safety ##### + +The people were trusting Jerusalem to keep them safe. But God was going to pull them out of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The people in Jerusalem used the metaphor "this city is the pot and we are the meat in the pot" meaning they were safe in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/01.md b/ezk/12/01.md index 795914cfae..44645b6cdc 100644 --- a/ezk/12/01.md +++ b/ezk/12/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **The word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **they have eyes to see but they do not see; and where they have ears to hear but do not listen** - Both of these phrases are using either eyes or ears to refer to the people's ability to learn. AT: "they have the ability to learn but choose not to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# a rebellious house + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "a rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have eyes to see but they do not see ... they have ears to hear but do not listen + +People being unable to understand Yahweh's message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were unable physically to see and hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/03.md b/ezk/12/03.md index 546aa57233..87c33aeb93 100644 --- a/ezk/12/03.md +++ b/ezk/12/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Yahweh is telling Ezekiel to act out another parable. -## translationNotes +# Therefore as for you -* out parables. -* **Therefore as for you** - "So this is for you" -* **Perhaps they will begin to see, though they are a rebellious house** - AT: "Maybe they will begin to understand what you are describing" The word "see" is used to refer to the Jewish people's ability to understand. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"So then, this is what I say to you" + +# in their sight + +"as they watch" + +# Perhaps they will begin to see + +People being able to understand Yahweh's message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were able physically to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a rebellious house + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "a rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/04.md b/ezk/12/04.md index e67029e7fe..09c2f9ee6c 100644 --- a/ezk/12/04.md +++ b/ezk/12/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +God is speaking to Ezekiel and describing how he should act out the parable. -## translationNotes +# in their sight -* God is speaking to Ezekiel describing how he should act out the parable. -* ** in their sight** - The word "their" refers to the people of Israel. -* **house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **have set you as a sign** - AT: "have placed you as a correction to their thinking" +"as they watch" + +# have set you as a sign + +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. AT: "have made you to be a warning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/07.md b/ezk/12/07.md index bb09e98d5d..04bae1056b 100644 --- a/ezk/12/07.md +++ b/ezk/12/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] +Ezekiel shows the people of Israel they will soon be forced into exile. -## translationNotes +# just as I was commanded -* Ezekiel shows the people of Israel they will soon be forced into exile. -* **dug a hole through the wall by hand** - AT: "dug a hole through the wall with my hands" -* **out in the dark** - AT: "out at night while it is dark" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as Yahweh commanded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# dug a hole through the wall by hand + +"dug a hole through the wall with my hands" + +# in the dark + +"at night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/08.md b/ezk/12/08.md index 4a033bde9f..27a8024412 100644 --- a/ezk/12/08.md +++ b/ezk/12/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man, is the house of Israel, that rebellious house, not asking, 'What are you doing?' -* **the word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man, is the house of Israel, that rebellious house, not asking, 'What are you doing?** - God asks this question to Ezekiel to show that the people of Israel have noticed what Ezekiel is doing. AT: "Ezekiel, the people of Israel, the ones who disobey me, have noticed what you are doing." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **in whose midst they are** - AT: "who are among them" +God asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knew—that the people had asked him this question. AT: "Son of man, the house of Israel, that rebellious house, is asking, 'What are you doing?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the house of Israel, that rebellious house + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate "rebellious house" as in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "the people of Israel, that rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What are you doing + +Since the people had seen what Ezekiel was doing, their question implies their desire to know the reason why he was doing it. AT: "What is the meaning of the things you are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in whose midst they are + +The phrase "in whose midst" refers to Jerusalem, while "they" refers to the "house of Israel." AT: "who are in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/11.md b/ezk/12/11.md index 58d20b5a43..0ac8d4f278 100644 --- a/ezk/12/11.md +++ b/ezk/12/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I am a sign to you -* [[en:tw:Babylon]] -* [[en:tw:Chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Ezekiel speaks of himself and his actions as being this warning. AT: "I am a warning to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# so it will be done to them -* **in the dark** - "at night while it is dark" -* **I will spread out my net over him and he will be caught in my snare** - The words "net" and "snare" are used because these are different ways to trap an animal. God knows what the leader of Jerusalem will do and has set up events so that he will be captured as he tries to escape. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will bring him to Babylon** - AT: "I will cause him to be taken to Babylon" +The word "them" refers to the people living in Jerusalem. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so others will do to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the dark + +"at night" + +# They will dig through the wall + +The word "They" refers to the people living in Jerusalem. + +# He will cover his face + +"The prince will cover his face" + +# I will spread out my net over him and he will be caught in my snare + +Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to capture the prince as if he himself were catching the prince in a trap that he had set. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will bring him to Babylon + +Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to bring the prince to Babylon as if he himself were bringing the prince there. AT: "I will cause the Chaldeans to bring him to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/14.md b/ezk/12/14.md index 969a9e04cd..5ba207c006 100644 --- a/ezk/12/14.md +++ b/ezk/12/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will send out a sword after them -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:disperse]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "sword" is a metonym for enemy armies who will attack with their swords. AT: "I will send armies to pursue them with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# know that I am Yahweh -* **I will send out a sword after them** - The word "sword" is used to refer to an army of men carrying swords. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **when I scatter them among the nations and disperse them throughout the lands** - These phrases say the same thing in two different ways. AT: "when I cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **from the sword** - The word "sword" refers to being killed in fighting. AT: "from being killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when I scatter them among the nations and disperse them throughout the lands + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "when I cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will spare ... from the sword, famine, and plague + +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. You may need to make explicit that they will not die from famine or plague. AT: "I will keep ... from dying in battle, from starving to death, and from dying of disease" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/17.md b/ezk/12/17.md index 23f5629b62..178f5c65d1 100644 --- a/ezk/12/17.md +++ b/ezk/12/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] - -## translationNotes - -* **The word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* ** Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **eat your bread with trembling, and drink your water with shaking and worry** - AT: "live your daily life with great fear." Eating and drinking are common things done in life and so tell Ezekiel to live with great fear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/19.md b/ezk/12/19.md index 0e5547acee..cfb6881bec 100644 --- a/ezk/12/19.md +++ b/ezk/12/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the land will be despoiled of its fullness -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "fullness" refers to everything in the land. The word "despoiled" means that people will empty the land of everything in it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "others will empty the land of everything in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the cities that were inhabited will be desolate -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **They will eat their bread with trembling and drink their water while shaking** - AT: "They will live daily life with great fear." Eating and drinking are used because they tell the people of Israel to live with great fear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **cities that were inhabited will be desolate** - "desolate" describes a place where no one lives. AT: "people in cities will leave or die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **know that I am Yahweh** - See how this phrase is translated in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cities where people lived will be desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/21.md b/ezk/12/21.md index 47d63e531d..19ac28faa3 100644 --- a/ezk/12/21.md +++ b/ezk/12/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# what is this proverb that you have in the land of Israel that says, 'The days are prolonged, and every vision fails'? -* **the word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **'The days are prolonged, and every vision fails'** - This was a saying of the people of Israel who did not believe that God would judge them. AT: "Many days have passed without God's judgment, the prophet's warnings are false" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **The days draw near ** - This phrase refers to the days in which Israel will be judged. AT: "The days of judgment draw near" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **every vision will speak** - The visions God gives to the prophets will come true. AT: "every prophecy will happen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel something he already knows. The question is a mild rebuke for the people who use the proverb. AT: "the people in the land of Israel have this proverb that says, 'The days are prolonged, and every vision fails.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The days are prolonged + +This idiom means that many days have passed. AT: "Many days have passed" or "Time has gone by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# every vision fails + +This means that the visions that the prophets receive and communicate to the people fail to happen. AT: "every prophetic vision fails to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The days have drawn near + +This phrase refers to the days in which Israel will be judged. AT: "The days of judgment are coming soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# every vision will be fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will fulfill every vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/24.md b/ezk/12/24.md index 4061af85e4..5642c0ac96 100644 --- a/ezk/12/24.md +++ b/ezk/12/24.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what to say to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# house of Israel -* Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **The matter will no longer be delayed** - Yahweh says what will not happen in order to express what will happen. "what I predict will quickly happen"(UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **speak this word** - Possible meanings 1) "everything that I say will happen" (See: UDB) or 2) "speak this message" or 3) "speak this prophecy" -* **in your days** - "while you are alive" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I carry out the words that I speak + +This idiom means that Yahweh does what he says. AT: "I do the things that I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The matter will no longer be delayed + +The "matter" refers to the things that Yahweh says will happen. AT: "What I say will no longer be delayed" or "What I say will happen soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will speak this word + +"I will speak this message" or "I will speak this prophecy" + +# in your days + +This idiom refers to the period of time in which a person lives. AT: "while you are alive" or "during you lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# rebellious house + +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/26.md b/ezk/12/26.md index 80699e1efd..ddb9ee0f7e 100644 --- a/ezk/12/26.md +++ b/ezk/12/26.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **came to me... vision that he...and he prophesies** - The words "me" and "he" refer to Ezekiel. -* **say to them** - The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. -* **The Word of Yahweh came to me and said ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **The vision that he sees is for many days from now, and he prophesies of far off times** - These phrases are both ways the people of Israel are saying Ezekiel's warnings will not happen in their lifetime but will happen far in the future. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **My words will not be delayed any longer, but the word that I have spoken will be done** - These phrases are both ways God is telling the people of Israel that the things he has warned about, will happen soon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The vision that he sees is for many days from now, and he prophesies of far off times + +These phrases are both ways the people of Israel are saying Ezekiel's warnings will not happen in their lifetime but will happen far in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# My words will not be delayed any longer, but the word that I have spoken will be done + +These phrases are both ways God is telling the people of Israel that the things he has warned about will happen soon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# My words will not be delayed any longer + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will no longer delay the word I have spoken" or "I will no longer delay doing what I said I would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the word that I have spoken will be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will accomplish the word that I have spoken" or "I will do what I have spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/intro.md b/ezk/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..458d64f4f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exile ##### + +God warned that very soon the people in Jerusalem would be exiled to Babylon. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/01.md b/ezk/13/01.md index b97c5f390b..1333a379c8 100644 --- a/ezk/13/01.md +++ b/ezk/13/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **the word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - Ezekiel (me) -* **prophesying out of their own minds** - prophesying from their own thoughts -* **follow their own spirit** - This phrase is used to refer to the prophets doing what they want. The word "spirit" refers to their thoughts and the word "follow" refers to what they do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **jackals** - wild animals like dogs or a small wolves. -* **like jackals in the wastelands** - Like jackals that steal food from other animals in the desert, the prophets steal from the people of Israel when they lie about having messages from God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# prophesying out of their own imaginations + +"prophesying only the things that they imagine" + +# who follow their own spirit + +Here the word "spirit" represents the thoughts and ideas of the person. To "follow" here is an idiom that means to do what their own ideas suggest for them to do. AT: "who act according to their own ideas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# like jackals in the wastelands + +Like jackals that scavenge for food and shelter among the abandoned ruins of cities, the prophets are using the destruction of Jerusalem for their own benefit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# jackals + +wild animals that are related to dogs and that scavenge for food in abandoned places. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/05.md b/ezk/13/05.md index 6fe54297c3..1f946b67bc 100644 --- a/ezk/13/05.md +++ b/ezk/13/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the wall around the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the wall surrounding the city of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **resist in battle** - "defend" -* **had false visions and made false predictions** - Both of these phrases mean the prophets are lying about knowing what will happen in the future. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Such and such** - This is a phrase used to refer to anything the prophet may have said. Your language may have another way to say this. "Yahweh told me this" (See: UDB) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# resist in battle + +You can supply the implicit information here. AT: "resist the enemy armies" or "defend the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the day of Yahweh + +This refers to the time when Yahweh will judge his people by means of an enemy army. AT: "the day of Yahweh's judgment" or "the day when Yahweh judges you by sending enemy armies to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Have you not had false visions ... when I myself have not spoken? + +Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the false prophets. AT: "You have had false visions ... because I myself have not spoken." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# had false visions and made false predictions + +Since the false prophets have not really received a message from Yahweh, what they predict about the future is not true. + +# Such and such + +This is a phrase used to refer to anything the prophet may have said. Your language may have another way to say this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh's declaration + +"is what Yahweh has declared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/08.md b/ezk/13/08.md index cafccc98dc..c391f34ec1 100644 --- a/ezk/13/08.md +++ b/ezk/13/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# My hand will be against the prophets -* Yahweh speaks to the people of Israel and repeats phrases in different ways to express how true they are. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **thus says the Lord Yahweh ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **had false visions and have told lies** - AT: "have lied about having messages from God" -* **Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **My hand will be against the prophets** - The term “hand” is often used in reference to Yahweh's power. -* **have lying visions and who make false predictions** - AT: "who have messages from God but are lying" -* **in the assembly of my people, or enrolled in the record of the house of Israel** - AT: "listed as one of my people" This is two ways to describe the same thing. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **will know that I am the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh's power. That his hand will be against them is a metaphor that means that he will punish them with his power. AT: "I will punish the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will not be in the assembly of my people + +This means that Yahweh will not consider these false prophets to be part of the people of Israel. + +# or enrolled in the record of the house of Israel + +This probably refers to an official record of the citizens of Israel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor will anyone enroll their names in the record of the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# know that I am the Lord Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am the Lord Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, the Lord Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/10.md b/ezk/13/10.md index 8a5f05a604..05b5c2812a 100644 --- a/ezk/13/10.md +++ b/ezk/13/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +In these verses, Yahweh speaks of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Because of this -* **Because of this** - The word "this" refers to the Lord's promise to force the false prophets out of Israel. -* **they led my people** - The word "they" refers to the false prophets in the land of Israel. -* **whitewash / whitewashing** - a white liquid mixture used for making surfaces (such as walls or fences) whiter. -* **downpour of rain...hailstones...windstorm** - These are all part of a very bad storm. God uses a storm to refer to the armies that will attack Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **hailstones** - balls of ice that sometimes falls from the sky during a rainstorm. -* **Have others not said to you** - Ezekiel asks this as a question to press for an answer. AT: "others have said to you" (See" [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +The word "this" refers to the prophets reporting false visions to the people and telling them lies. + +# they led my people astray + +Yahweh speaks of the prophets deceiving the people and getting them to believe lies as if the prophets had led the people away from the path upon which they should have been walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are building a wall that they will paint with whitewash + +Here "a wall" stands for peace and security that the false prophets told the people that Yahweh was promising to give them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whitewash ... whitewashing + +The word "whitewash" refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white. + +# I will send hailstones to make it fall down, and a windstorm wind to break it down + +Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hailstones + +balls of ice that sometimes falls from the sky during a rainstorm. + +# Have others not said to you, "Where is the whitewash that you put on it?" + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that others will ask the prophets what happened to their whitewash. AT: "Others will certainly say to you, 'Where is the whitewash that you put on it?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where is the whitewash that you put on it? + +Possible meanings are 1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or 2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. AT: "The whitewash that you put on it did no good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/13.md b/ezk/13/13.md index ebf601d936..0667a9b83a 100644 --- a/ezk/13/13.md +++ b/ezk/13/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will bring a windstorm ... completely destroy it. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **windstorm...floods of rain...hailstones** - These are all part of a very bad storm. God uses a storm to refer to the armies that will attack Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will bring a windstorm in my rage** - "when I act on my anger I will bring a windstorm" -* **there will be floods of rain in my wrath** - "when I act on my anger I will bring large amounts of rain" -* **Hailstones in my rage will completely destroy it** - "When I act on my anger I will bring hailstones to destroy the walls the people are building" -* **lay bare** - "uncover" -* **annihilated** - "brought to your end" or "totally destroyed" -* **know that I am Yahweh** - Possible meanings are 1) “understand who I, Yahweh, am” or 2) “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or 3) “know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do” (See: UDB) +Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in my rage ... in my wrath ... in my rage + +"because of my rage ... because of my wrath ... because my rage." + +# lay bare + +"uncover" + +# you will be annihilated in the middle of it all + +The phrase "in the middle of it all" refers to the stones of the wall that Yahweh will break down. He speaks of destroying the people in his judgment as if the wall would crush them to death when he breaks it down. AT: "all of its stones will crush you to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# annihilated + +"destroyed" + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/15.md b/ezk/13/15.md index 7203314b14..c6896bcb17 100644 --- a/ezk/13/15.md +++ b/ezk/13/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will annihilate in my fury -* **I** - refers to Yahweh -* **I will annihilate in my fury** - "when I act on my anger I will bring to an end" -* **whitewashed it** - "painted the wall white" (See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:13:10]]) -* **The wall exists no more, nor do the people** - "The wall is no longer there, nor are the people" -* **visions of peace for her** - The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +"Because I am very angry, I will annihilate" + +# whitewashed it + +The word "whitewash" refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 13:10](./10.md). + +# the prophets of Israel who prophesied about Jerusalem and who had visions of peace for her + +This phrase defines who "the people who whitewashed it" are. + +# visions of peace for her + +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/17.md b/ezk/13/17.md index 73c0d8687c..e27a46137d 100644 --- a/ezk/13/17.md +++ b/ezk/13/17.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# set your face against the daughters -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:magic|magic, magician]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] +This is a command to stare at the women as a symbol of punishing them. Translate "set your face against" as you did in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/01.md). AT: "stare at the daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# set your face against -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **set your face against** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:04:01]]. -* **daughters of your people** - women of Israel -* **prophesy out of their own minds** - This means they are creating prophecies from their own imaginations. AT: "imagining their own prophecies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **prophesy against** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:04:06]]. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **charms** - objects believed to have magical powers. -* **in order to trap people...Will you trap the lives of my people ** - The decorations worn by prophetesses were like a "trap" because they were using beauty, mystery and lies to trick the people so they would believe them and sin against God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" represents staring. AT: "stare at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# daughters of your people + +This idiom refers to women who belong to the same people group as Ezekiel does. AT: "women of Israel" or "your countrywomen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# prophesy out of their own minds + +"prophesying only the things that they think in their own minds." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 13:2](./01.md). + +# prophesy against + +"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/06.md). + +# sew magic charms onto every part of their hand + +This means that they sew magic charms together and then attach them to their hands, not that they sew them directly onto their hands. + +# charms + +objects believed to have magical powers. + +# used to hunt down people + +Yahweh speaks of these women using beauty, mystery, and lies to deceive people as if the people were animals that the women hunted down and trapped with their charms. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that they use to hunt down people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make veils for their heads of every size + +This means that they make veils to put on the heads of people of different height. AT: "make veils for the heads of women of every stature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Will you hunt down my people but save your own lives? + +Yahweh asks this as a leading question to rebuke the women who do these things. The implicit answer is, "no." AT: "Do not think that you will be able to save your own lives after you have hunted down my people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/19.md b/ezk/13/19.md index 8e88bc5be2..fb655a9acd 100644 --- a/ezk/13/19.md +++ b/ezk/13/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] +Yahweh continues to speak against the false prophetesses in Israel. -## translationNotes +# handfuls of barley and crumbs of bread -* Yahweh continues to speak against the false prophetesses in Israel. -* **handfuls of barley and crumbs of bread** - Barley is a grain used to make bread and the word "crumb" is a small amount of bread. Both phrases are small amounts of food and are used to emphasize how small the payment was to the prophetesses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Barley is a grain used to make bread and the word "crumb" is a small amount of bread. Both phrases are small amounts of food and are used to emphasize how small the payment was to the prophetesses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/20.md b/ezk/13/20.md index 1bb4295864..aa814704f9 100644 --- a/ezk/13/20.md +++ b/ezk/13/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the magic charms that you have used to ensnare the people's lives as if they were birds -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] +Yahweh speaks of these women using their magic charms to deceive people as if the people were birds that the women trapped with those charms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# charms -* **thus says the Lord Yahweh ** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **charms** - objects that are believed to have magic powers -* **ensnare ** - "to trap." A snare is a small looped rope that catches something by the foot. -* **ensnare the people's lives as if they were birds...people whom you have trapped like birds** - Yahweh is comparing the prophetesses' decorations to traps for a bird. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **tear them from your arms** - The word "arms" refers to the control by the prophetesses. The lies they use to control the people of Israel are like arms that hold them back from escaping. AT: "take them away from your control" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they will no longer be trapped in your hands ** - To say they will not be trapped is the same as saying they will be free. The phrase "trapped in your hand" refers to the people of Israel being in the control of the false prophetesses. AT: "they will be free from you control" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **know that I am Yahweh** - Possible meanings are 1) “understand who I, Yahweh, am” or 2) “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or 3) “know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do” (UDB) -* ​ +objects believed to have magical powers + +# to ensnare + +"to trap" "to catch in a snare" + +# tear them from your arms + +"tear the charms from your arms" + +# rescue my people from your hand + +Here the word "hand" represents power or control. AT: "rescue my people from your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will no longer be trapped in your hands + +Here the word "hand" represents power or control. Yahweh speaks of the people being in the control of these women as if the women had trapped them with their hands. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will no longer trap them like prey in your hands" or "you will no longer control them with your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/22.md b/ezk/13/22.md index 30d3b14357..195189258a 100644 --- a/ezk/13/22.md +++ b/ezk/13/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# discourage the heart of the righteous person -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Here the word "heart" represents the person and his emotions. AT: "discourage the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# turn from his way -* **discourage the heart of the righteous person** - The righteous person's heart is used to refer to their emotions. AT: "discourage the righteous person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **turn from his way** - To stop doing something is referred to as turning in a different direction. AT: "stop what he is doing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **have false visions or continue to make predictions** - Both of these phrases refer to talking about what will happen in the future. AT: "continue to make false predictions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **out of your hand** - The word "hand" is used to refer to the control of the prophetess. AT: "out of your control" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **know that I am Yahweh** - Possible meanings are 1) “understand who I, Yahweh, am” or 2) “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or 3) “know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do” (UDB) +To stop doing something is referred to as turning in a different direction. AT: "stop what he is doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have false visions or continue to make predictions + +Both of these phrases refer to talking about what will happen in the future. AT: "continue to make false predictions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will rescue my people out of your hand + +Here the word "hand" represents power or control. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 13:21](./20.md). AT: "I will rescue my people from your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/intro.md b/ezk/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c298c77760 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### False prophets ##### + +God spoke against people who said they were prophesying but had not received any message from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +God said of people who encourage others to feel safe even when they continue to sin were not strengthening a wall but just putting whitewash on it to hide the imperfections. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/01.md b/ezk/14/01.md index 03c4a2b607..4eaeee2316 100644 --- a/ezk/14/01.md +++ b/ezk/14/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Some of the elders of Israel came to me and sat before me -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The elders sat before Ezekiel in order to inquire of the Lord through Ezekiel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came -* **men have taken idols into their heart** - AT: "who considers his idols to be very important" or "who has affection for his idols" -* **before their own faces** - God is saying the men have placed the idols where they can see them. This shows the idols are important to them. AT: "where it can be seen" -* **stumbling block of their iniquity** - The idols are referred to as something their sin causes them to trip and fall over. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Should I be inquired of at all by them?** - AT: "They should not ask me for anything." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# have taken their idols into their hearts + +Yahweh speaks of the elders committing themselves to worshiping idols as if the elders had "taken their idols into their hearts." AT: "have devoted themselves to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have put the stumbling block of their iniquity before their own faces + +Yahweh speaks of the idols that the elders worship as if they were blocks over which the elders stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. AT: "have resolutely determined to worship the things that lead to iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stumbling block of their iniquity + +Possible meanings are 1) the idols are a stumbling block that leads to the elders' iniquity or 2) worshiping idols is an iniquity that causes the elders to stumble. + +# Should I be inquired of at all by them? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. This question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "Should I permit them to inquire of me at all?" or "They should not be inquiring of me at all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/04.md b/ezk/14/04.md index df3c8ac13a..5452e01901 100644 --- a/ezk/14/04.md +++ b/ezk/14/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore announce this to them -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "them" refers to the "men from the elders of Israel." -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel -* **Therefore announce this to them** - The word "them" refers to the "men from the elders of Israel" -* **who takes his idols into his heart** - AT: "who considers his idols to be very important" or "who has affection for his idols" -* **the stumbling block of his iniquity before his face** - The words "before his face" mean "with his full attention." AT: "the idol that he has used to sin by worshiping it" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **then comes to a prophet** - A person goes to a prophet in order to hear what God has to say. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the number of their idols** - AT: "how many idols they have" -* **I may take back the house of Israel in their hearts** - AT: “I will make the people of Israel love me again" -* **take back...driven far from me** - He says he will bring them back in order to make them love Him even though their idols have pushed them away from God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who takes his idols into his heart + +Yahweh speaks of the people committing themselves to worshiping idols as if they had taken their idols into their hearts. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](./01.md). AT: "who devotes himself to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his face + +Yahweh speaks of the idols that people worship as if they were blocks over which the people stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](./01.md). AT: "who resolutely determines to worship the things that lead to iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# then comes to a prophet + +A person goes to a prophet in order to inquire of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I, Yahweh, will answer him according to the number of his idols + +This phrase refers to the many idols that the people worship. It is implied that the severity of Yahweh's answer will as great as the number of idols that they worship. AT: "I, Yahweh, will give him the answer that he deserves because he worships so many idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I may take back the house of Israel in their hearts + +Here the word "hearts" represents the minds and affections of the people. Yahweh speaks of causing them to be devoted to him once again as if he were to capture their hearts. AT: "I will cause the people of Israel to be devoted to me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their hearts that have been driven far from me through their idols + +Here the word "hearts" represents the minds and affections of the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "who have all left me to worship their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/06.md b/ezk/14/06.md index a004d9b615..24028117b5 100644 --- a/ezk/14/06.md +++ b/ezk/14/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Repent and turn away from your idols! Turn back your faces from all your abominations -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **Repent and turn away from your idols...** - Both "Repent" and "turn way" are ways to tell a person to change what they are doing. To stop doing something is referred to as turning away from it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **turn away from your idols! Turn back your faces from all your abominations** - Both of these phrases are ways to tell the people of Israel to stop worshiping idols. To stop doing something is referred to as turning away from it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Both of these phrases are ways to tell the people of Israel to stop worshiping idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Repent and turn away + +The words "repent" and "turn way" mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command to stop worshiping idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Turn back your faces + +Here the word "faces" represents the people. AT: "Turn back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/07.md b/ezk/14/07.md index 0d3715d33f..f2d7785ff8 100644 --- a/ezk/14/07.md +++ b/ezk/14/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# who takes his idols into his heart -* **and takes his idols into his heart** - AT: "who considers his idols to be very important" or "who has affection for his idols" -* **and puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his face** - AT: "the idol that he has used to sin by worshiping it" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* ** I will set my face against that man** - AT: "I will be against him" or "I will give my attention to being against him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **make him a sign and a proverb** - Both a sign and a proverb are used to help people make good choices. God is saying he will use him as an example for other people to help them make better choices. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people committing themselves to worshiping idols as if they had taken their idols into their hearts. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](./01.md). AT: "who devotes himself to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his own face + +Yahweh speaks of the idols that people worship as if they were blocks over which the people stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](./01.md). AT: "who resolutely determines to worship the things that lead to iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will set my face against that man + +Yahweh speaks of being opposed to a person as if he were to set his face against that person. AT: "I will be against that man" or "I will oppose that man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set my face + +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set my face" refers to staring. AT: "stare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make him a sign and a proverb + +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. The word proverb refers to what people will say about that sign when they see it. AT: "I will make that man to be a warning and a proverb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will cut him off from the midst of my people + +Yahweh speaks of causing a person no longer to belong to his people as if he were cutting that person off from the people, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "I will cause him no longer to belong to my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/09.md b/ezk/14/09.md index 787e96585a..552eb65707 100644 --- a/ezk/14/09.md +++ b/ezk/14/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will reach out with my hand against him -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +God's "hand" refers to what he does. AT: "I will work against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# They will carry their own iniquity -* **I will stretch out my hand against him** - God's hand refers to what he does. AT: "I will work against him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they will carry their own iniquity** - AT: they will be responsible for what they have done wrong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **will no longer wander away from following me** - The phrase "wander away from following me" compares not doing what God wants to walking away from him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the word "iniquity" represents the guilt that people incur for committing iniquity. Yahweh speaks of people suffering the consequences of their iniquity as if they were carrying the iniquity. AT: "They will suffer the consequences of their own iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will no longer wander away from following me + +Yahweh speaks of the people no longer worshiping him as if they were to wander away from him and no longer follow him. AT: "will no longer stop worshiping me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/12.md b/ezk/14/12.md index 60561b6bdc..26a35ae24e 100644 --- a/ezk/14/12.md +++ b/ezk/14/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# when a land sins against me -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here the word "land" represents the people who live in the land. AT: "when the people who live in a land sin against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# break the staff of its bread +Yahweh speaks of the supply of bread as if it were a staff. The word "bread" represents all kinds of food. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:16](../04/16.md). AT: "end the supply of its food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# cut off both man and beast from the land + +Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "kill both man and beast in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/15.md b/ezk/14/15.md index 4b1e6c959f..e2c1be2bb6 100644 --- a/ezk/14/15.md +++ b/ezk/14/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# these same three men -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +Noah, Daniel, and Job -## translationNotes +# as I live -* **these same three men** - Noah, Daniel, and Job -* **as I live," declares the Lord Yahweh** - This can be reordered: "the Lord Yahweh declares. "as I live" -* **only their own lives would be rescued** - "Yahweh would only rescue their lives" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"as surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# only their own lives would be rescued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they could only rescue their own lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/17.md b/ezk/14/17.md index a2934fca44..05bd243b60 100644 --- a/ezk/14/17.md +++ b/ezk/14/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# if I bring a sword against that land -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: -## translationNotes +# Sword, go through the land -* **these three men** - Noah, Daniel, and Job -* **as I live," declares the Lord Yahweh** - This can be reordered: "the Lord Yahweh declares. "as I live" +Here the word "sword" represents the soldiers of an enemy army who attack with swords. AT: "Army, go through the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cut off both man and beast from it + +Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "kill both man and beast in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# these three men + +Noah, Daniel, and Job + +# only their own lives would be rescued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they would only rescue their own lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/19.md b/ezk/14/19.md index 1f9e0f5efb..53082faa04 100644 --- a/ezk/14/19.md +++ b/ezk/14/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# pour out my fury -* [[en:tw:bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if his fury were a liquid that he pours out from a container. AT: "I will express my fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# cut off both man and beast -* **pour out my fury** - Like a jar holds water, God had been holding back judgement. So "pour out my fury" means God will no longer hold back from acting on his anger but will act on his anger against the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **cut off both man and beast** - This phrase refers to being killed as an act of divine judgment for sin. AT: "kill both man and beast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "kill both man and beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# only their own lives would be rescued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they would only rescue their own lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/21.md b/ezk/14/21.md index e1b211bb9a..8692bf5ded 100644 --- a/ezk/14/21.md +++ b/ezk/14/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# to cut off both man and beast from her -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] - -## translationNotes - -* **from her - ** - ** The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. +Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. AT: "to kill both man and beast in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/22.md b/ezk/14/22.md index 4a8c6edcc8..71f6f81c08 100644 --- a/ezk/14/22.md +++ b/ezk/14/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] +Yahweh continues to speak with Ezekiel about the punishment of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* Yahweh continues to speak with Ezekiel about the punishment of the people of Israel. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows. -* **left in her...done against her** - The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. -* **their ways and their actions** - Both of these phrases refer to what the people of Israel have done. The word "ways" refers to the way they live their life. This is another way to say their "actions." If your language has only one way to express this you can translate this in one word. AT: "their actions" or "the things they do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows. + +# left in her ... done against her + +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. + +# their ways and their actions + +Both of these phrases refer to what the people of Israel have done. AT: "the way they live" or "the things they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# be comforted concerning the punishment + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will comfort you concerning the punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/intro.md b/ezk/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dcec146528 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jerusalem deserves punishment ##### + +When the captives from Jerusalem arrive in Babylon, it will be obvious why God has punished them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/15/01.md b/ezk/15/01.md index 70e621351f..692bb923da 100644 --- a/ezk/15/01.md +++ b/ezk/15/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh is talking to Ezekiel in this section. -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came -* Yahweh is talking to Ezekiel in this section. -* **AT: if the fire has burned both of its ends and also the middle, it certainly is not good for anything!** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# how is a vine better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "a vine is not better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do people take wood from a vine to make anything? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "People do not take wood from a vine to make anything." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# do they make a peg from it to hang anything on it? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "they do not make a peg from it to hang things on it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If it is thrown into a fire as fuel ... is it good for anything? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If it is thrown into a fire as fuel ... it is not good for anything." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If it is thrown into a fire as fuel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If a person throws it into a fire as fuel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/15/05.md b/ezk/15/05.md index 142870db17..4b53eb9237 100644 --- a/ezk/15/05.md +++ b/ezk/15/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking about the vine. -## translationNotes +# See! -* Yahweh continues speaking about the vine. +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# When it was complete + +"When it was whole" or "Before the fire burned it" + +# it could not make anything + +"no one could make anything from it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/15/07.md b/ezk/15/07.md index 3745129e86..e5e659ae2b 100644 --- a/ezk/15/07.md +++ b/ezk/15/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will set my face against them -* Yahweh speak to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. -* -* **abandoned** - a place where everyone has left. -* **they have committed sin** - "they have sinned" -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +Yahweh speaks of being opposed to them as if he were to set his face against them. AT: "I will be against them" or "I will oppose them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set my face + +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set my face" refers to staring. AT: "stare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Though they come out from the fire, yet the fire will consume them + +Yahweh speaks of the punishment that he will afflict upon the people as if it were a fire that burns them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fire will consume them + +Yahweh speaks of fire burning things as if the fire consumed them. AT: "the fire will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they have committed sin + +"the people who live there have committed sin" or "the people who live there have sinned" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/15/intro.md b/ezk/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15d1a1eedf --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Useless ##### + +God said that the people of Jerusalem were useless to him. He uses a simile to show just how useless they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/01.md b/ezk/16/01.md index d853325581..f01d49d8f8 100644 --- a/ezk/16/01.md +++ b/ezk/16/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +In this chapter, Yahweh speaks about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful bride. He describes her growth from infancy to adulthood. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came -* Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel about the origins of the people of Israel. -* -* **Your beginning and your birth** - Both of these speak of when the city of Jerusalem was founded. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **father was an Amorite, and your mother was a Hittite** - Both of these nations developed the city of Jerusalem before the people of Israel existed. AT: "you were founded by the Amorites and the Hittites" +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# Your beginning and your birth + +These two phrases share similar meanings. Yahweh speaks of when people founded the city as if it were the city's birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your father was an Amorite, and your mother was a Hittite + +The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/04.md b/ezk/16/04.md index 9caa4e435c..f71bfa0052 100644 --- a/ezk/16/04.md +++ b/ezk/16/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were an infant. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# your mother did not cut your navel -* Yahweh compares Jerusalem to an unwanted baby. -* -* **No eye** - The eye is used to refer to people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **with loathing for you** - "and rejected" +Here "navel" refers to the umbilical cord that is attached to the navel. AT: "you mother did not cut your umbilical cord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# No eye had compassion for you + +Here the word "eye" represents the person who sees. AT: "Nobody who saw you had compassion for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with loathing for your life + +"because your parents hated you" + +# you were thrown out into the open field + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your parents threw you out into the open field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/06.md b/ezk/16/06.md index 510e3477e9..a32a09348e 100644 --- a/ezk/16/06.md +++ b/ezk/16/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were an infant. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# But I passed by you -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as an unwanted baby who grows into a beautiful woman. -* **But I passed by you** - Yahweh is walking near the newborn baby. +Yahweh is walking near the newborn baby. + +# I said to you in your blood + +The implicit information can be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "I said to you as you were lying in your blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I made you grow like a plant in a field + +Here Yahweh compares growing quickly with the way a plant grows quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# You multiplied and became great + +These two phrases share similar meanings. They both refer to her growing and becoming taller. AT: "You matured and grew taller" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you became the jewel of jewels + +Here the woman, who represents Jerusalem, is spoken of as if she had become the finest of all jewels, that is, as if she had become the most beautiful of all women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you became the jewel of jewels + +Some modern versions translate "You became old enough to wear jewels." + +# naked and bare + +These two words mean the same thing. AT: "completely naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/08.md b/ezk/16/08.md index b562bb0828..04c00f036a 100644 --- a/ezk/16/08.md +++ b/ezk/16/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# See! -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as a young woman. -* **I passed by you again** - This is to say that Yahweh has walked by the young woman. -* **The time of love came for you** - This is to say that Yahweh sees the young woman is old enough to be married. +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# the time of love came for you + +This is to say that Yahweh sees the young woman is old enough to be married. + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/09.md b/ezk/16/09.md index 4ae7c21be7..4d25876b5a 100644 --- a/ezk/16/09.md +++ b/ezk/16/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# embroidered clothes -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as a young woman. -* **embroidered** - different colored pieces of cloth sewn together to form a design. -* **I adorned you** - "I added decoration to you" +"beautiful clothes." To embroider is to sew a design into a piece of cloth. + +# I adorned you with jewelry + +"I put jewelry on you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/13.md b/ezk/16/13.md index 4b88848dca..4006751741 100644 --- a/ezk/16/13.md +++ b/ezk/16/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# you were adorned with gold and silver, and you were dressed in fine linen -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as a young woman. -* **adorned** - "decorated" -* **fame** - being known and respected by a lot of people. -* 5:11]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I adorned you with gold and silver, and dressed you in fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fame + +"reputation" + +# it was perfect + +"your beauty was perfect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/15.md b/ezk/16/15.md index 3496ec24e3..9aa4e4bb26 100644 --- a/ezk/16/15.md +++ b/ezk/16/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# you trusted in your own beauty -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his wife. -* **But you trusted in your own beauty** - "thought your own beauty could provide for your needs" -* **acted like a prostitute** - This compares the people of Israel worshiping idols with a woman who is paid to sleep with strangers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **poured out** - Something given quickly in a large amount is like pouring water out of a bowl. AT: "freely gave away" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **This should not have come about! It should not have been** - Yahweh is speaking with emotion. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"you placed your confidence in your own beauty" + +# acted like a prostitute + +Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the city were an unfaithful wife who sleeps with other men in exchange for payment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you poured out your acts of prostitution + +Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's immoral actions as if they were liquids and of committing those actions repeatedly as if it were pouring those liquids from a container. AT: "you repeatedly committed your acts of prostitution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that your beauty became his + +This Hebrew phrase is translated in many different ways by various modern versions. For example, some Bibles read "so that you gave yourself to him" or "his it was" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/17.md b/ezk/16/17.md index 2a32f3e41b..2ea6d210fc 100644 --- a/ezk/16/17.md +++ b/ezk/16/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# male figures -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -* **male figures** - "statues of men" or "idols that look like men" -* **you did with them as a prostitute would do** - This is a polite way to say the young woman was having sex with the male figures. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **set before them** - "placed as an offering in front of them" -* **savor** - "scent" +"statues of men" or "idols that look like men" + +# you did with them as a prostitute would do + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. AT: "you slept with them" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. AT: "you worshiped them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# made with fine flour, oil, and honey + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "bread that I made with fine flour, oil, and honey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# set before them + +"placed as an offering in front of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/20.md b/ezk/16/20.md index 1187fd1f21..9e6175543d 100644 --- a/ezk/16/20.md +++ b/ezk/16/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# whom you bore for me -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -* **bore for me** - "gave birth to" -* **Are your acts of prostitution a small matter?** - AT: "you act like your acts of prostitution are not a serious sin." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **slaughtered** - killed +"who were my children" + +# you sacrificed them to the images to be devoured as food ... put them into the fire + +Here Yahweh does not use a metaphor, but speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. + +# you sacrificed them to the images to be devoured as food + +In these ancient pagan sacrifices, the people believed that the gods would eat the food that they offered to them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you sacrificed them to the images so that those images could devour them as food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Are your acts of prostitution a small matter? You slaughtered + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the woman is acting as if her prostitution was not bad enough and so she decided to sacrifice her children, as well. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You must think that your acts of prostitution are a small matter, and so you slaughtered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# put them into the fire + +It is implicit that she put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to her images. AT: "sacrificed them as burnt offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# naked and bare + +These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](./06.md). AT: "completely naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/23.md b/ezk/16/23.md index d229bcc41b..2c6883c22e 100644 --- a/ezk/16/23.md +++ b/ezk/16/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -* Yahweh continues to speak to Jerusalem and the people of Israel. -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **you built yourself a ritual place, and have made a shrine** - Both of these phrases refer to building a place to worship idols. The phrase is repeated in different ways to add emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* https://door43.org/lib/images/smaller.gif +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you built yourself a vaulted chamber in every public place + +Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/25.md b/ezk/16/25.md index 6972a75be6..ba2e0768b6 100644 --- a/ezk/16/25.md +++ b/ezk/16/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# at the head of every road -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -* **head of every road ** - The beginning of the road is referred to as its head. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you opened up your legs** - describes a woman's willingness to have sex. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a road as if it were its head. AT: "at the beginning of every road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/27.md b/ezk/16/27.md index cf569900ed..a9566b6788 100644 --- a/ezk/16/27.md +++ b/ezk/16/27.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# See! -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -* **I will strike you with my hand** - AT: "I will act against you with my power" -* **cut off your food** - refers to stopping the supply of food. -* **I will hand your life over** - "I will give your life over" -* **the daughters of the Philistines** - Since Jerusalem has been referred to as a young woman, her enemy the Philistines are also referred to as young women. +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# I will strike you with my hand + +Here "hand" represents power. AT: "I will use my power to strike you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cut off your food + +Yahweh speaks of stopping the supply of food as if it were cutting off the food. AT: "stop your food supply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will hand your life over + +Here "life" represents the person. AT: "I will hand you over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the daughters of the Philistines + +Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Philistia as if they were the daughters of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. AT: "the Philistine people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/30.md b/ezk/16/30.md index b19aeea280..b47bdc71dc 100644 --- a/ezk/16/30.md +++ b/ezk/16/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -## translationNotes +# How sick is your heart ... that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute? -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -* **Why is your heart so weak?** - Here, the word "heart" refers to love and faithfulness. AT: "Why do you love me so little?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **promiscuous and shameless** - The word "promiscuous" refers to a person who has sex with many different people." The word "shameless" refers to a person who openly sins. Both of these words describe one thought. AT: "shamelessly promiscuous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **head of every street** - See how this is translated in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:16:25]]. +Yahweh asks the rhetorical question in order to rebuke Jerusalem. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your heart must be very sick ... that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How sick is your heart + +Here the word "heart" represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of her inability to control her desires as if her heart were sick. AT: "How weak-willed are you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the head of every street + +Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a street as if it were its head. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 16:25](./25.md). AT: "at the beginning of every street" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# made your vaulted chamber + +Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](./23.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/32.md b/ezk/16/32.md index 614f27ed69..8d40910576 100644 --- a/ezk/16/32.md +++ b/ezk/16/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# you accept strangers instead of your husband -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -* **accept strangers** - This refers to accepting someone as a sexual partner. AT: "accept strangers for sex" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **sleep with them** - This is a polite way to refer to having sex. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This refers to accepting someone to sleep with her. AT: "you accept strangers into your bed instead of your husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/35.md b/ezk/16/35.md index 03ace10804..702f6b5738 100644 --- a/ezk/16/35.md +++ b/ezk/16/35.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# you have poured your lust out -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -* **poured your lust out** - The phrase "poured out" refers to giving of something without holding back and compares the woman freely acting on her lustful desires to water being poured out. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the blood of your children that you gave to your idols** - This refers to killing children as a sacrifice to idols. -* **behold** - alerts us to pay attention to what follows. -* **nakedness** - The word "nakedness" refers to a person being without clothing but also refers to seeing all of a person's faults. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's lust as if it were liquid and of committing actions repeatedly to gratify that lust as if it were pouring that liquid from a container. AT: "you repeatedly committed actions to gratify your lust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# poured your lust out + +Some modern versions translate "poured your wealth out." + +# the blood of your children that you gave to your idols + +This refers to killing children as a sacrifice to idols. + +# behold! + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# so they can see all your nakedness + +Stripping a person naked in front of others was an action intended to humiliate the person. The word "nakedness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "so they can see you completely naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/38.md b/ezk/16/38.md index 0bbb45c211..7b9a6ddc91 100644 --- a/ezk/16/38.md +++ b/ezk/16/38.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the shedding of blood -* Yahweh speaks about enemy soldiers as the lovers of Jerusalem -* **throw down your ritual places and break down your shrines** - These phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. This adds emphasis to the phrase. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **naked and bare** - Both of these words express the same thing. This adds emphasis to the words but if your language only has one word for "naked" that can be used. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This phrase represents murder in any form. AT: "murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will bring on you the bloodshed of my anger and passion + +Here "bloodshed" represents murder in any form. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks of punishing her for murder as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. AT: "In my anger and passion, I will punish you for committing murder" or 2) Yahweh speaks of putting her to death as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. AT: "In my anger and passion, I will shed your blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will give you into their hands + +Here "hands" represents power or control. AT: "I will place you in their control" or "I will allow them to have power over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# throw down your vaulted chamber + +Possible meanings are that they will destroy 1) the place where she worshiped her idols or 2) the place where she practiced her prostitution. See how you translated "vaulted chamber" in [Ezekiel 16:24](./23.md). + +# naked and bare + +These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](./06.md). AT: "completely naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/40.md b/ezk/16/40.md index b00f95bd2a..36cb3dd412 100644 --- a/ezk/16/40.md +++ b/ezk/16/40.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. He speaks about enemy soldiers as her lovers. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# will perform many acts of punishment on you -* Yahweh speaks about enemy soldiers as the lovers of Jerusalem. -* **I will calm my fury against you; my anger will leave you** - Yahweh's punishment of Jerusalem is referred to as his "anger" or "fury." Both words mean the same thing. AT: "I will not allow you to be punished anymore" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The word "punishment" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "will punish you in many different ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the sight of many women + +"where many women can see" or "while many women watch" + +# I will calm my fury against you; my anger will leave you + +The words "fury" and "anger" refer to the punishment that Yahweh inflicts because he is angry. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "I will stop punishing you because I will no longer be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/43.md b/ezk/16/43.md index ded97d7a04..194393d1c1 100644 --- a/ezk/16/43.md +++ b/ezk/16/43.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# call to mind -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -* **the days of your youth** - Yahweh is referring to earlier times. AT: "my kindness to you when you were young" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy -* ]]) -* **Behold** - “behold” alerts us to pay attention to what follows. -* **I myself will bring the punishment for your conduct on your own head** - AT: "I will punish you for how you have acted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This idiom means to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have made me shake with anger because of all these things + +Here "shake" refers to a physical response that a person has when he is extremely angry. As Jerusalem was doing these things, she did not think about what Yahweh had done when she was young. + +# behold! + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# I myself will bring down on your own head the punishment for what you have done + +The idiom "bring ... on your own head" means that she will experience this punishment. See how you translated this idiom in [Ezekiel 11:21](../11/19.md). AT: "I will cause you to suffer the punishment for your conduct" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/44.md b/ezk/16/44.md index 1383eb4365..4d13e9ab7e 100644 --- a/ezk/16/44.md +++ b/ezk/16/44.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:Hittite]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold! -* Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -* **Behold** - “behold” alerts us to pay attention to what follows. -* **who detested her husband** - "who hated her husband" +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# who detested her husband + +"who hated her husband" + +# Your mother was a Hittite, and your father was an Amorite + +The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. See how you translated these phrases in [Ezekiel 16:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/46.md b/ezk/16/46.md index fba9946c3e..9223fbbcdf 100644 --- a/ezk/16/46.md +++ b/ezk/16/46.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Samaria]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Your older sister was Samaria ... your younger sister was the one living south of you, that is, Sodom +Samaria and Sodom were both cities that Yahweh had judged for their idolatry and wickedness. Yahweh speaks of these cities being Jerusalem's sisters to express that she belonged to a family that practiced idolatry and wickedness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/47.md b/ezk/16/47.md index feae2204bf..b9991560cd 100644 --- a/ezk/16/47.md +++ b/ezk/16/47.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You not only walked in their ways -* Yahweh continues to refer to other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. -* **Now** - This word is used to mark a break in the teaching. Yahweh changes from his parable to command the people of Jerusalem. -* **do not walk in their ways or after their disgusting actions** - AT: "do not act like them or try to do the things that they do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The way a person lives is spoken of as if the person were walking on a path. AT: "You not only acted like them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# copied their behavior and practices + +Here the words "behavior" and "practices" mean basically the same thing. AT: "copied the things that they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# As I live + +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/49.md b/ezk/16/49.md index 1a247ccb04..a9b7276d53 100644 --- a/ezk/16/49.md +++ b/ezk/16/49.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# arrogant in her leisure, careless and unconcerned about anything -* Yahweh continues to refer to other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. -* **leisure, carelessness and unconcerned about anything** - All three of these phrases refer to how the people of Sodom were rich and did not have to work for food. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The hands of the poor and needy reached out to her and her daughters** - AT: "The poor asked her and her daughters for help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) AT: "the poor who are in need" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Yahweh describes Sodom as a rich woman who has more than enough food and lives in security. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She did not strengthen the hands of the poor and needy people + +Here the word "hands" represents the people who work with their hands. The words "poor" and "needy" emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. AT: "She did not help the people who could not help themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/51.md b/ezk/16/51.md index c54a2542c6..812aa918f5 100644 --- a/ezk/16/51.md +++ b/ezk/16/51.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# you have shown that your sisters were better than you -* Yahweh continues to refer to other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. -* **you have shown that your sisters were better than you** - Yahweh uses this phrase three times. Repeating this phrase shows how important it is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Especially you, show your own shame** - Yahweh uses this phrase two times. This is repeated to show how important it is that the people of Israel understand that their actions are wrong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Yahweh uses this phrase three times to emphasize that the wicked cities of Samaria and Sodom were more righteous than Jerusalem. + +# Especially you, show your own shame + +Yahweh uses this phrase twice to emphasize how shamefully the people of Jerusalem have acted. + +# show your own shame + +"be ashamed" or "bear your disgrace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/53.md b/ezk/16/53.md index 909e610076..b33f394c84 100644 --- a/ezk/16/53.md +++ b/ezk/16/53.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Sodom]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# fortunes -* Yahweh continues to refer to other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. -* **fortunes** - "wealth" -* **you will show your shame; you will be humiliated** - Both of these phrases refer to Yahweh punishing Jerusalem in public. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"wealth" + +# you will show your shame + +"you will be ashamed" or "you will bear your disgrace" + +# you will be humiliated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will humiliate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be a comfort to them + +The noun "comfort" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "you will comfort Sodom and Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your sister Sodom and her daughters will be restored to their former condition + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will restore your sister Sodom and her daughters to their former condition" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Samaria and her daughters will be restored to their former estate + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will restore your sister Samaria and her daughters to their former estate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# estate + +"condition" + +# you and your daughters will be restored to your former condition + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will restore you and your daughters to your former condition" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/56.md b/ezk/16/56.md index 8934fc4df9..a1f39063eb 100644 --- a/ezk/16/56.md +++ b/ezk/16/56.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Edom]] -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouth -* Yahweh continues to refer to other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. -* **Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouth** - AT: "You would not even say the name of Sodom your sister" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **you are an object of scorn** - refers to Jerusalem as something people talk badly about. -* **despise** - "hate" -* **You will show your shame and your disgusting actions** - "You will be humiliated and everyone will understand how sinful you have been" +Here the word "mouth" represents the person who speaks. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You did not even mention your sister Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# before your wickedness was revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "before you revealed your wickedness" or "before I revealed your wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are an object of scorn + +This refers to Jerusalem as something people talk badly about. + +# the daughters of Edom and to all the daughters of the Philistines + +Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Edom and Philistia as if they were the daughters of Edom and of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. AT: "the Edomite people and to all the Philistine people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# despise + +"hate" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/59.md b/ezk/16/59.md index f26740d8aa..3e26b6e9b0 100644 --- a/ezk/16/59.md +++ b/ezk/16/59.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# despised your oath by breaking the covenant -* Yahweh continues to speak to Jerusalem. -* **'I will treat you as I treat anyone** - AT: "I will punish you as I would punish anyone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **despises an oath he took so he can break a covenant** - AT: "decides a promise means nothing so he can break a formal agreement" +Jerusalem broke her marriage covenant with Yahweh, thereby showing that she did not care about the oaths that she had made to him. AT: "despised your oath to me by breaking the covenant that you made with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/60.md b/ezk/16/60.md index a5d68224c7..3314d053e9 100644 --- a/ezk/16/60.md +++ b/ezk/16/60.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# call to mind -* Yahweh continues to refer to Jerusalem as an unfaithful wife and other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. -* **call to mind** - "remember" +This idiom means to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# made in the days of your youth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I made with you when you were young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/62.md b/ezk/16/62.md index eb2023c862..d23175ce89 100644 --- a/ezk/16/62.md +++ b/ezk/16/62.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# know that I am Yahweh -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# call everything to mind -* **call everything to mind** - "remember everything" -* **open your mouth to speak** - AT: "say anything" +This idiom means to remember. AT: "remember everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will no longer open your mouth to speak because of your shame + +This means that Jerusalem will be too ashamed to speak. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/intro.md b/ezk/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..465ddb9080 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 16 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +God compared Judah to an adulteress because she worshiped idols instead of God who had done so much to help her. Adultery is a common image used to describe the worship of idols by Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/01.md b/ezk/17/01.md index 2a1d67a0eb..dbd663ccaf 100644 --- a/ezk/17/01.md +++ b/ezk/17/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Ezekiel reports a message that God gives him. -## translationNotes +# The word of Yahweh came -* Ezekiel reports a message that God gives him. -* **The word of Yahweh came to me and said** - Alternate translations: "Yahweh spoke these words to me" or "Yahweh spoke to me and said." See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - This refers to Ezekiel. This phrase is the beginning of the words Yahweh spoke to Ezekiel. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **present a riddle and speak a parable** - "give them a puzzle to think about" or "tell this story as an illustration" (UDB) -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - "This is what the Lord Yahweh says." The phrase is the beginning of the words Yahweh wants Ezekiel to say to the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **A great eagle** - "a very big eagle" -* **long pinions, full of feathers** - The word "pinion" means the outer end of the wings. Alternate translation: "the ends of its wings were long and full of feathers." -* **that was multi-colored** - colored** - This refers to the eagle. -* **It broke off the tips of the branches** - "It broke off the highest part of the tree" -* **brought them** - "brought the top of the tree" or "brought the branches" -* **he planted it in a city of merchants** - A merchant is a person who sells things. "He put it in a city that had many merchants" or "The eagle planted the top of the tree in a city that was known for its markets." +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# present a riddle and speak a parable + +"give them a puzzle to think about" or "tell this story as an illustration" + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# long pinions, full of feathers + +"the ends of its wings were long and full of feathers." The word "pinion" means the outer end of the wings. + +# that was multicolored + +The eagle's feathers were many different colors. + +# It broke off the tips of the branches + +"It broke off the highest part of the tree" + +# took them + +"took the top of the tree" or "took the branches" + +# he planted it in a city of merchants + +"he planted it in a city that had many merchants." A merchant is a person who sells things. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/05.md b/ezk/17/05.md index 3bb25d61a0..517b277e34 100644 --- a/ezk/17/05.md +++ b/ezk/17/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +This is a continuation of the parable about the eagle. -## translationNotes +# He also took -* This is a continuation of the parable about the eagle. -* **he also took** - The word "he" is the eagle in the parable. -* **ground ready for sowing** - "a field that was ready for seed to be planted in it." Alternate translations: "a fertile field" or "in good ground." -* **He set it beside a large body of water** - "the eagle planted the seed in a place where there was a lot of water" -* **planted it like a willow** - Willow trees grow in places where there is a lot of water. If the eagle planted the seed like a willow, it means that he planted it in a place with a lot of water. Alternate translation: "and planted the seed like a willow tree by water." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Then it sprouted** - "Then the seed began to grow into a plant" -* **a spreading vine low to the ground** - "a vine that spreads out on the ground" -* **its branches turned toward him** - The branches of the vine turned toward the eagle. -* **its roots grew under him** - The roots of the vine grew under the eagle. -* **So it became a vine** - "That is how the vine grew" -* **produced branches and sent out shoots** - "grew branches and spread its shoots" +The word "he" is the eagle in the parable. + +# fertile soil + +"good ground" + +# He placed it beside a large body of water + +"the eagle planted the seed in a place where there was a lot of water" + +# planted it ... like a willow + +Willow trees grow in places where there is a lot of water. If the eagle planted the seed like a willow, it means that he planted it in a place with a lot of water. AT: "and planted the seed like one would plant a willow tree by water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then it sprouted + +"Then the seed began to grow into a plant" + +# a spreading vine low to the ground + +"a vine that spreads out on the ground" + +# Its branches turned toward him + +The branches of the vine turned toward the eagle. This means that they began to grow upward towards the sky. + +# its roots grew under it + +Possible meanings are 1) "its roots grew under itself into the ground" or "the roots of the vine grew under the eagle." + +# So it became a vine + +"That is how the vine grew" + +# produced branches and sent out shoots + +"grew branches and spread its shoots" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/07.md b/ezk/17/07.md index 67128fec34..99595a69a0 100644 --- a/ezk/17/07.md +++ b/ezk/17/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +The introductory "but" shows that a different eagle is being described other than the one before. -## translationNotes +# another great eagle -* The introductory "but" shows that a different eagle is being describe than the one before. -* **great eagle** - The eagle is large, powerful, and impressive bird. -* **behold ** - The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **The vine turned its roots towards the eagle** - AT: "The roots of the vine grew towards the eagle" -* **so it would be watered** - AT: "so the eagle would water the vine" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It had been planted** - AT: "the first eagle had planted the vine." -* **beside a large body of water** - AT: "in a place where there was a lot of water" -* **so it would produce branches and bring forth fruit, to become a magnificent vine** - AT: "so that the vine would grow branches and fruit and be an impressive vine" +"another large eagle" + +# Behold! + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# This vine turned its roots toward the eagle + +Yahweh speaks of the vine as if it were able to behave like a person and intentionally turned its roots toward the other eagle to receive nourishment from it. AT: "The roots of the vine grew toward the eagle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from the place it had been planted so it would be watered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from the place that the first eagle had planted it so that it would have water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It had been planted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The first eagle had planted the vine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/09.md b/ezk/17/09.md index daedec1602..bcd3902806 100644 --- a/ezk/17/09.md +++ b/ezk/17/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Will it prosper? -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This can be translated as as statement. AT: "It will not prosper." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it withers, and all its fresh growth will wither? -* **Will it prosper?...will it grow?** - AT: "It will not grow." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Won't he pull up its roots and pluck out its fruit so all of its growth of leaves will wither away?** - AT: "He will pull up its roots and pluck out its fruit so all of its growth of leaves will wither away." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **behold** - The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. ("indeed", "look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -* **Will it not wither when the eastern wind touches it?** - AT: "It will wither when the eastern wind touches it." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the vine will certainly be judged. The question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "Someone will pull up its roots and pluck out its fruit so all of its growth of leaves will wither away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# No strong arm or many people will be needed to pull it out + +The phrase "strong arm" represents a strong person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "There will be no need for a strong person or many people to pull it out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# behold + +"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# will it grow? + +Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It will not grow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will it not wither when the eastern wind touches it? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that this will certainly happen. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It will wither when the eastern wind touches it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +# when the eastern wind touches it + +"when the eastern wind blows on it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/11.md b/ezk/17/11.md index f17d1f1b4f..154a76dedc 100644 --- a/ezk/17/11.md +++ b/ezk/17/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the rebellious house -* **Don't you know what these things are saying?** - "You should know what these things are saying." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Behold!** - “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "the rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do you not know what these things mean? + +Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to provide the answer. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is what these things mean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# her king and her princes + +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/13.md b/ezk/17/13.md index 74f9fb6d59..1b0ca16ffd 100644 --- a/ezk/17/13.md +++ b/ezk/17/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# brought him under an oath -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +"made him swear an oath" -## translationNotes +# so the kingdom might become lowly and not lift itself up +The kingdom being small and weak is spoken of as if it were lowly and being large and powerful as if it lifted itself up. AT: "so the kingdom might remain small and not become great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land will survive + +Here the word "land" represents the kingdom of Judah and the people in it. AT: "the kingdom will continue to exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/15.md b/ezk/17/15.md index 5735b8a625..b46aefbe5a 100644 --- a/ezk/17/15.md +++ b/ezk/17/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ambassador]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +Yahweh speaks about the king of Jerusalem rebelling against the king of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# Will he succeed? -* Yahweh speaks about the king of Jerusalem rebelling against the king of Babylon. -* **Will he succeed? - ** - ** - AT: "He will certainly not succeed" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will the one doing these things escape?** - AT: "The one doing these things will not escape!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If he violates the covenant, will he escape?** - AT: "If he violates the covenant, he will certainly not escape!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) "Violate" means to do what was agreed on. +Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will certainly not succeed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will the one doing these things escape? + +Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This may be translated as a statement. AT: "The one doing these things will not escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If he breaks the covenant, will he escape? + +Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This question can be translated as as statement. AT: "If he breaks the covenant, he will certainly not escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# As I live + +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the land of the king who made him king, the king whose oath he despised + +"the land of the king of Babylon who made him King of Judah, the king of Babylon whose oath he despised" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/17.md b/ezk/17/17.md index 1843937045..905029842b 100644 --- a/ezk/17/17.md +++ b/ezk/17/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +Yahweh speaking about the king of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# his mighty army and a great company of men -* Yahweh speaking about the king of Jerusalem. -* **siege walls** - this refers to a tower with ladders that can be placed next to a wall and allow soldiers to get over the wall and into the city. -* **behold** - “behold” adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed.” -* **reached out his hand to promise** - taking hold of another person's hand as a sign of friendship and agreement. +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how large and strong Pharaoh's army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# will not help him + +Here the word "him" refers to the king of Judah. + +# siege walls + +this refers to a tower with ladders that can be placed next to a wall and allow soldiers to get over the wall and into the city. + +# to cut off many lives + +"to kill many people" + +# Behold + +"Indeed." The word "behold" adds emphasis to what follows. + +# reached out with his hand to make a promise + +This refers to taking hold of another person's hand as a sign of friendship and agreement. Here it represents the covenant oath that he made with the king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/19.md b/ezk/17/19.md index a99f0106c8..d4e62c84ee 100644 --- a/ezk/17/19.md +++ b/ezk/17/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# was it not my oath that he despised and my covenant that he broke? -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the affirmative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "it was my oath that the king of Jerusalem despised and my covenant that he broke." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). -## translationNotes +# I will bring his punishment on his head -* **was it not my oath that he despised and my covenant that he broke?** - "it was my oath that the king of Jerusalem despised and my covenant that he broke." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **I will bring his punishment on his head** - AT: "I will punish him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **fall by the sword** - AT: "be killed by Babylon's army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The idiom "bring ... on his head" means that he will experience this punishment. See how you translated this idiom in [Ezekiel 11:21](../11/19.md). AT: "I will cause him to suffer his punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will spread my net out over him, and he will be caught in my hunting net + +Yahweh speaks of enabling the enemy army to capture the king as if he were trapping the king in a net. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will be caught in my hunting net + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will catch him in my hunting net" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All of his refugees ... armies will fall by the sword + +The word "fall" is a euphemism for "die." Here the word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people with swords. AT: "Soldiers will kill all his refugees ... armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the ones who remain will be scattered in every direction + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the ones who remain alive will flee in every direction" or "the enemy soldiers will scatter in every directions the ones who remain alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/22.md b/ezk/17/22.md index b7351a30cf..6114923e15 100644 --- a/ezk/17/22.md +++ b/ezk/17/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] +Yahweh resumes the parable that he had told in [Ezekiel 17:1](./01.md) and speaks about Jerusalem as if it were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# bear branches -* Yahweh speaking about Jerusalem like it's a branch planted in the mountains of Israel. -* **bear branches** - "create new branches" +"grow new branches" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/24.md b/ezk/17/24.md index 17481ef2ac..42d612020a 100644 --- a/ezk/17/24.md +++ b/ezk/17/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel and of other nations as if they were other trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Then all the trees of the field will know that I am Yahweh -* Yahweh speaks about trees like they are cities. -* **Then all the trees of the field shall know that I am Yahweh** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **high trees...low trees** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **wither** - when a plant dries up and dies. +Yahweh speaks of trees as if they are people who can know about him. The trees represent the nations and the people who live in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I bring down the high trees and I raise up the low trees + +"I cut down the tall trees and I cause the little trees to grow" + +# wither + +when a plant dries up and dies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/intro.md b/ezk/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e9a80af17 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Breaking allegiance ##### + +The king of Judah had vowed to obey Babylon but instead he followed Egypt. Therefore, God said he would not prosper. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Judah is compared to a vine that grows one direction and then another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/01.md b/ezk/18/01.md index 76001c1533..a13d77275a 100644 --- a/ezk/18/01.md +++ b/ezk/18/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to me again -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The phrase "the word of Yahweh came" is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "Yahweh spoke to me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# What do you mean, you who use this proverb ... 'Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children's teeth are made blunt'? -* **What do you mean...‘Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children’s teeth made blunt’?** - AT: "Children are punished by God because of their parents' wicked deeds." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **land of Israel** - This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel something he already knows. The question is a rebuke for the people who use the proverb. AT: "The people in the land of Israel have this proverb ... 'Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children's teeth are made blunt'." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What do you mean, you who use this proverb + +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# land of Israel + +This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children's teeth are made blunt + +This proverbs means that children experience the consequences of their parents' actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# the children's teeth are made blunt + +The idiom "teeth are made blunt" refers to the sour taste in one's mouth that is a result of eating unripe or sour fruit. AT: "the children get a sour taste in their mouths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/03.md b/ezk/18/03.md index ae44467996..1e78d32ca9 100644 --- a/ezk/18/03.md +++ b/ezk/18/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# As I live -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “indeed”. This can also be translated as “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Behold! + +The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# The soul who sins + +Here the word "soul" represents the person. AT: "The person who sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/05.md b/ezk/18/05.md index e181585dca..2da85bafe9 100644 --- a/ezk/18/05.md +++ b/ezk/18/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he does not eat upon the mountains -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. AT: "he does not eat meat sacrificed to idols on the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# lift up his eyes to the idols -* **and has not eaten on the mountains...nor lifted up his eyes to the idols** - These are both phrases referring to idol worship. People ate the food at the mountain temples to honor the idols. The phrase "lifted up his eyes" refers to looking at the idols and honoring them. AT: "and has not honored idol" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The idiom "lift up his eyes" refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. AT: "worship the idols" or "pray to the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# approached a woman during her monthly period + +It is implicit that he has not approached a woman in order to sleep with her. AT: "approached a woman to sleep with her during her monthly period" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/07.md b/ezk/18/07.md index 57260d807a..08cccbdf20 100644 --- a/ezk/18/07.md +++ b/ezk/18/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# gives back to the debtor what was put up as security for a loan -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] - -## translationNotes - -* **interest** - "additional money" -* **excessive** - "too much" -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +"returns to the debtor the item that the debtor gave him as security for the loan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/08.md b/ezk/18/08.md index 91a5000743..7709fba390 100644 --- a/ezk/18/08.md +++ b/ezk/18/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues to describe the actions of the righteous man. -## translationNotes +# interest -* Yahweh continues to describe the actions of the righteous man. -* **interest** - This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. -* **injustice** - the unfair treatment of all people under the laws of God and country. -* **he turns his hand to justice** - The phrase "turns his hand" describes the effort of working to establish justice (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "any interest" in this passage as "too much interest." + +# establishes faithfulness between people + +This means that he judges fairly the disputes that may arise between people. + +# that man walks in my statutes + +Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path in which the person walks. AT: "that man obeys my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/10.md b/ezk/18/10.md index 9d450f58f9..7e0111be70 100644 --- a/ezk/18/10.md +++ b/ezk/18/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who sheds blood -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This phrase represents murder in any form. AT: "who murders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# any one of these things -* **sheds blood** - This phrase refers to killing someone. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **any of these things** - This refers to the sinful actions mentioned in 18:11-[[en:bible:notes:ezk:18:12 -* ]]. +This refers to the sinful actions that Yahweh had mentioned beginning in [Ezekiel 18:5](./05.md). + +# eats upon the mountains + +People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:5](./05.md). AT: "eats meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/12.md b/ezk/18/12.md index b121b8c627..ac63e593ac 100644 --- a/ezk/18/12.md +++ b/ezk/18/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] +Yahweh continues to speak about the violent son. -## translationNotes +# the poor and needy -* Yahweh continues to speak about the violent son. -* **the poor and needy** - Both of these are people who are poor. Needy people are those who need help to survive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **charging interest** - The word 'interest' refers to money added to a debt. -* **should he live? ** - "He should not live!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **his blood is upon him** - This phrase means he is responsible for his own death. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "poor" and "needy" share similar meanings and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# he lifts up his eyes to the idols + +The idiom "lifts up his eyes" refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](./05.md). AT: "he worships the idols" or "he prays to the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# interest + +This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "any interest" in this passage as "too much interest." + +# should that man live? Surely he will not! + +Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to emphasize the negative answer. AT: "he will certainly not live!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his blood will be on him + +Here the word "blood" represents death. For blood to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that death. AT: "he will be responsible for his own death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/14.md b/ezk/18/14.md index 81f60b09d4..b96b789eba 100644 --- a/ezk/18/14.md +++ b/ezk/18/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# behold! -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## translationNotes +# That son does not eat upon the mountains -* **Behold** - The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. -* **committed** - "done" +People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](./05.md). AT: "That son does not eat meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he does not lift up his eyes to the idols + +The idiom "lifted up his eyes" refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](./05.md). AT: "he does not worship the idols" or "he does not pray to the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/16.md b/ezk/18/16.md index 0e0367f697..43cb2e2c5b 100644 --- a/ezk/18/16.md +++ b/ezk/18/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues to speak about the son who does not commit the same sins as his father. -## translationNotes +# interest -* Yahweh continues to speak about the son who does not commit the same sins as his father. -* **interest** - The word 'interest' refers to the money added to a debt. +This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "interest" in this passage as "too much interest." + +# walks according to my statutes + +Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if his statutes were a path in which the person walks. AT: "obeys my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/18.md b/ezk/18/18.md index eed9a78622..98510bf1ff 100644 --- a/ezk/18/18.md +++ b/ezk/18/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +Yahweh speaks about the son's father who has not obeyed God's law. -## translationNotes +# extortion -* Yahweh speaks about the son's father who has not obeyed God's law. -* **extortion** - to take something from someone else by using threats or force. -* **Behold ** - The world "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. +to take something from someone else by using threats or force. + +# robbed his brother + +"robbed his fellow Israelite" + +# behold + +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# in his iniquity + +"because of his iniquity" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/19.md b/ezk/18/19.md index 36b5cfcefd..dfef9840a2 100644 --- a/ezk/18/19.md +++ b/ezk/18/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Why does the son not bear the iniquity of his father? -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Yahweh speaks of a person being responsible for or guilty of iniquity as if the iniquity were an object that the person carries. AT: "Why is the son not responsible for the iniquity of his father?" or "Why is the son not guilty of the iniquity of his father?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The righteousness of the one who acts rightly will be on himself -* **Why does the son not bear the iniquity** - AT: "Why is the son not responsible for the iniquity" -* **The righteousness of the one who acts rightly will be on himself** - AT: "The one who does what is right will be considered righteous" -* **the wickedness of the wicked person will be on himself** - AT: "the one who does what is wicked will be considered wicked" +For righteousness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that righteousness. AT: "The one who acts rightly will be responsible for his own righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the wickedness of the wicked will be on himself + +For wickedness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that wickedness. AT: "the wicked person will be responsible for his own wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/21.md b/ezk/18/21.md index 987a5bbbc9..22d281a42b 100644 --- a/ezk/18/21.md +++ b/ezk/18/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh speaking of the wicked person who changes and does what is righteous. -## translationNotes +# All the transgressions that he has committed will not be called to mind against him -* Yahweh speaking of the wicked person who changes and does what is righteous. -* **be called to mind** - AT: "be remembered" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **He will live by the righteousness that he practices** - He will continue to live because he does the right things" +The idiom "call to mind" means to remember. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not remember all the transgressions that he has committed and will not hold them against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the righteousness that he practices + +"because of the righteous things he has done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/23.md b/ezk/18/23.md index 8970917be7..8a616b5531 100644 --- a/ezk/18/23.md +++ b/ezk/18/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh speaks about his desire for wicked people. -## translationNotes +# Do I greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked ... and not in his turning away from his way so that he may live? -* Yahweh speaking about his desire for wicked people. -* **Do I greatly rejoice in the death of the wicked, . . . and not in his turning away from his way so he will live?** - AT: "I do not greatly rejoice in the death of the wicked, but I do rejoice if he turns away from his evil actions and lives" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **not in his turning away from his way​** - AT: "not changing from his sinful actions to do what is right. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question in order to emphasize the opposite. AT: "I do not greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked ... but I do greatly rejoice if he turns away from his way so that he may live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# not in his turning away from his way + +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle or behavior as if it were a way on which the person walks. The idiom "to turn away" from something means to stop doing that thing. AT: "not in his ceasing to live the way that he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/24.md b/ezk/18/24.md index b4e1269523..adaec67a98 100644 --- a/ezk/18/24.md +++ b/ezk/18/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh gives an example of a man who turns from righteousness to wickedness. -## translationNotes +# then will he live? -* Yahweh gives an example of a man who turns from righteousness to wickedness. -* **Will he live?** - AT: "he must die" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **called to mind** - AT: "remembered" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **treason** - crime done against a country or against God, by someone who is expected to be loyal. -* **So he will die in the sins that he sins** - AT: "Therefore, he will die for the sins he committed." +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. AT: "then he will surely not live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# All the righteousness that he had done will not be called to mind + +The idiom "call to mind" means to remember. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not remember all the righteousness that he had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# treason + +crime done against a country or against God, by someone who is expected to be loyal + +# he will die in the sins + +"he will die because of the sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/25.md b/ezk/18/25.md index 68b58f40e8..ca9fad3bb5 100644 --- a/ezk/18/25.md +++ b/ezk/18/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# house of Israel -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Are my ways unfair? -* **dies because of them...dies in the iniquity that he has done** - These phrases repeat the thought of a man dying because of his sin to express that it was his fault and the fault of no one else. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. AT: "My ways are not unfair." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is it not your ways that are unfair? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. AT: "It is your ways that are unfair." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# dies because of them ... die in the iniquity that he has done + +These phrases repeat the thought of a man dying because of his sin to express that it was his fault and the fault of no one else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/27.md b/ezk/18/27.md index 8fc8f4053a..d6b5f0a0a5 100644 --- a/ezk/18/27.md +++ b/ezk/18/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# he has seen -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] - -## translationNotes - -* -* **he has seen** - he has realized something.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh speaks of the person thinking about and understanding something as if the person were seeing it. AT: "he has considered" or "he has understood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/29.md b/ezk/18/29.md index 20e95d2b41..abbb7c6b5d 100644 --- a/ezk/18/29.md +++ b/ezk/18/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh continues to teach the people of Israel why his way is fair. -## translationNotes +# house of Israel -* Yahweh continues to teach the people of Israel why his way is fair. -* **How is my way not fair, house of Israel? ** - AT: "My way is certainly fair, people of Israel." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **How is your way not fair? - ** - ** AT: "It is your ways that are not fair" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Each man among you according to his own way ** - AT: "the actions of each man." -* **so that they will not** - "they" refers to all the transgressions of the people of Israel. +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The way of the Lord is not fair ... How is my way not fair ... It is your ways that are not fair + +Actions or behaviors are spoken of as if they were a way or path that a person travels. AT: "The Lord does not act fairly ... How do I not act fairly ... It is you who do not act fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# according to his ways + +Yahweh speaks of a person's actions as if the person were walking along a path. AT: "according to his actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turn away from all your transgressions so that they will not be stumbling blocks of iniquity against you + +Yahweh speaks of "transgressions" causing people to rebel against him as if they were blocks over which the people stumble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stumbling blocks of iniquity against you + +Possible meanings are 1) the stumbling blocks cause the person to commit more iniquity. AT: "stumbling blocks that cause you to commit more iniquity" or 2) The word "iniquity" is a metonym for the punishment that a person receives for his iniquity. AT: "stumbling blocks that lead to your punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/31.md b/ezk/18/31.md index 7ed1cdf93e..dfa92fa333 100644 --- a/ezk/18/31.md +++ b/ezk/18/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Throw away from yourselves all of the transgressions that you have committed -* Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -* **and make a new heart and a new spirit for yourselves​** - AT: "and completely change who you are" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +Yahweh speaks of the people determining to stop committing transgressions as if the transgressions were objects, such as clothing, that they removed and threw away. AT: "Get rid of all of the transgressions that you have committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit + +Here the word "heart" represents the will and emotions and the word "spirit" represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of the people having new emotions and thoughts as if they were making a new heart and spirit for themselves. AT: "get for yourselves new emotions and a new way of thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why should you die, house of Israel? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to comfort the people of Israel. AT: "There is no reason for you to die, house of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/intro.md b/ezk/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a63b309579 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Inherited Guilt ##### + +God does not punish children for the sins of their parents, but only punishes them for their own sins. Despite this, the parents' sins may still have consequences for their children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/01.md b/ezk/19/01.md index 73e26740a9..b8509c13de 100644 --- a/ezk/19/01.md +++ b/ezk/19/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the people of Israel. He tells a story where the nation of Israel is a lioness and some of the past kings in the kingdom of Judah are her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# take up a lamentation -* Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the people of Israel. He tells a story where the nation of Israel is a lioness and some of the past kings in the kingdom of Judah are her cubs. +This idiom means to sing a lamentation. AT: "sing a lamentation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Who was your mother? + +Yahweh asks this ask a leading question in order to introduce the answer. AT: "This is who your mother is." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# lioness + +a female lion + +# He was caught in their trap + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They caught him in their trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/05.md b/ezk/19/05.md index bd674e53c7..76f482dab9 100644 --- a/ezk/19/05.md +++ b/ezk/19/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He seized their widows -* Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. -* **so she took another of her cubs** - Yahweh now compares Jehoiachin with a young lion cub. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and its fullness** - "and everything in it" +"He seized the widows of the men whom he devoured" + +# The land and its fullness were abandoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People abandoned the land and its fullness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its fullness + +"everything in it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/08.md b/ezk/19/08.md index d99975ed68..bec5320111 100644 --- a/ezk/19/08.md +++ b/ezk/19/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# from the surrounding provinces -* Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. -* **against him** - The word "him" refers to the second young lion, who represents Jehoiachin. -* **from the surrounding provinces** - AT: "from the provinces surrounding the land of Israel." (See: [{en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **provinces** - countries that were ruled by Babylon +"from the provinces surrounding the land of Israel" + +# He was caught in their trap + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They caught him in their trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his voice would no longer be heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people would no longer hear his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/10.md b/ezk/19/10.md index 2b7db95b02..238bf046cf 100644 --- a/ezk/19/10.md +++ b/ezk/19/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as though it was the mother of the leaders of Israel. Here he begins to tell a story where she is a prosperous vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a vine planted in your blood -* **mother** - Yahweh describes the nation of Israel as though it was the mother of the princes of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in your blood** - It is implied that this is the blood of grapes. AT: "in the blood of your grapes" or "in your wine." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Possible meanings are that "blood" represents 1) the violence of the kings of Judah who had murdered people. AT: "a vine planted by means of violence" or 2) The plentiful wine of Judah which had become a symbol of prosperity. AT: "a vine planted in your prosperity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# strong branches that were used for rulers' scepters + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "branches strong enough that people used them for rulers' scepters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its height was seen by the greatness of its foliage + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people could see how tall it was by the greatness of its foliage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/12.md b/ezk/19/12.md index db92881786..2452553e20 100644 --- a/ezk/19/12.md +++ b/ezk/19/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] +Yahweh continues to tell a story in which the nation of Israel is a vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the vine was uprooted in fury and thrown down -* Yahweh continues to compare Israel with a vine and her leaders with the strong branches of the vine. -* -* **were broken off** - "he broke off" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down" or "people uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Its strong branches were broken off and withered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh broke off its strong branches and they withered" or "People broke off its strong branches and they withered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in a land of drought and thirst + +The very dry land is spoken of as if it were thirsty. AT: "in a very dry land of drought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/14.md b/ezk/19/14.md index 5f1c2f16d1..ed79e9bb89 100644 --- a/ezk/19/14.md +++ b/ezk/19/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] +Yahweh continues to tell a story in which the nation of Israel is a vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# no scepter to rule -* Yahweh continues to compare Israel with a vine and her leaders with the strong branches of the vine. -* **to rule** - "that a king could use to rule" +The implicit information may be supplied from [Ezekiel 19:11](./10.md). AT: "no branch strong enough for a ruler's scepter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will be sung as a lamentation + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must sing it as a lamentation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/intro.md b/ezk/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e9091d3b00 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judah destroyed ##### + +The first king was taken as a captive to Egypt, the next was taken as a captive to Babylon. Now Judah is not prospering. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The kings of Judah are compared to man-eating lions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/01.md b/ezk/20/01.md index 9d159e1f19..2bb4e65e77 100644 --- a/ezk/20/01.md +++ b/ezk/20/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:inquire]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# in the seventh year -* **It came about** - This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. -* **before me** - "in front of me" +The implicit information may be supplied. AT: "in the seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the tenth day of the fifth month + +This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# before me + +"in front of me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/02.md b/ezk/20/02.md index 080223d5c1..f8abf79f14 100644 --- a/ezk/20/02.md +++ b/ezk/20/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **As I live** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **I will not be inquired of by you** - AT: "I will not allow you to ask for any message from me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# As I live + +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Have you come to inquire of me? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. AT: "You should not come to inquire of me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will not be inquired of by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not allow you to inquire of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/04.md b/ezk/20/04.md index c6d99f0ede..e82047c261 100644 --- a/ezk/20/04.md +++ b/ezk/20/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Will you judge them? Will you judge, son of man? -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh asks Ezekiel the same question twice in order to secure Ezekiel's commitment to pronounce the judgement. AT: "Are you ready to pronounce judgment on them, son of man?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I ... raised my hand to swear an oath -* **Will you judge them? Will you judge, Son of man** - AT: "You judge them, Son of man." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **It was flowing with milk and honey** - "A land where plenty of milk and honey flowed." AT: "It was very fertile land" or "It was land where animals and plants grew very well." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "raised my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. AT: "I ... solemnly swore an oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the house of Jacob + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate "the house of" as in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It was flowing with milk and honey + +"It was a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed." Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. AT: "It was land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the most beautiful ornament among all the lands + +The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. AT: "the most beautiful of all lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/07.md b/ezk/20/07.md index a4244d9ab6..53b8595329 100644 --- a/ezk/20/07.md +++ b/ezk/20/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# to them -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -* **to them** - "to the descendants of the house of Jacob" -* **from before his eyes** - This phrase means "that he loves" or "that he worships." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"to the descendants of the house of Jacob" + +# the detestable things from before his eyes + +Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. AT: "the detestable things that he worships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the idols of Egypt + +"throw away the idols of Egypt" + +# Do not make yourselves unclean + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/08.md b/ezk/20/08.md index 7f5973b820..f3746986c2 100644 --- a/ezk/20/08.md +++ b/ezk/20/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# they rebelled against me -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -* **they were unwilling to listen to me** - "they would not obey me." The word "they" refers to "the descendants of the house of Jacob." -* **so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations** - This phrase means "so the nations would not think that my name was unholy." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they were staying** - "they were living." -* **I made myself known to them** - "I showed the nations who I am" -* **in their eyes** - "in a way that the nations could see" -* **bringing them** - "bringing the people of the house of Jacob" +The word "they" refers to "the descendants of the house of Jacob." + +# were unwilling to listen to me + +"would not obey me" + +# the detestable things from before his eyes + +Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. AT: "the detestable things that he worshiped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to pour out my fury upon them + +Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. AT: "to act against them in my fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for my name's sake + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "for the sake of my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the opinion" or "in the judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the nations + +The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. AT: "the people who live in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they were staying + +"they were living" + +# I made myself known to them, in their eyes + +Here the word "them" refers to the nations. The idiom "in their eyes" refers to being in a position where people can see. AT: "I revealed myself to them, in their presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bringing them + +"bringing the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/10.md b/ezk/20/10.md index 6d47f73619..910c4cbf4f 100644 --- a/ezk/20/10.md +++ b/ezk/20/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I sent them -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -* **I sent them** - The word "them" refers to "the descendants of the house of Jacob." +The word "them" refers to "the descendants of the house of Jacob." + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/13.md b/ezk/20/13.md index 258cfe5226..e9bbf1330c 100644 --- a/ezk/20/13.md +++ b/ezk/20/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# They did not walk in my statutes -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -* **pour out my fury** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:20:08]]. -* **I acted for my name’s sake so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:20:08]]. +Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which a person walks. AT: "They did not obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I would pour out my fury upon them + +Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](./08.md). AT: "I would act against them in my fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in order to end them + +The euphemism "to end them" refers to killing them. AT: "in order to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I acted for my name's sake + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](./08.md). AT: "I acted for the sake of my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](./08.md). AT: "so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the eyes of the nations + +Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](./08.md). AT: "in the thoughts of the people in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in whose sight I had brought them out of Egypt + +"in whose presence I brought my people out of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/15.md b/ezk/20/15.md index 582d3b440d..04b4a3f8a6 100644 --- a/ezk/20/15.md +++ b/ezk/20/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I myself also raised my hand to swear an oath -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -* **raised my hand to swear an oath** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:20:04]]. -* **to them** - "to the house of Israel" -* **But my eye had compassion for them** - AT: "But I still pitied them." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **because of their destruction** - "and I did not destroy them" +Here "raised my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:5](./04.md). AT: "I myself also solemnly swore an oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# to them + +"to the house of Israel" + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +"a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed." Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](./04.md). AT: "a land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the most beautiful ornament among all the lands + +The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](./04.md). AT: "the most beautiful of all lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not walk in my statutes + +Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if they were a path along which a person walks. AT: "did not obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their hearts walked after their idols + +Here the word "heart" represents the person's thoughts and emotions. Yahweh speaks of being dedicated to idols as if a person's heart walked after them. AT: "they were dedicated to worshiping their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my eye spared them + +Here the word "eye" represents Yahweh. AT: "I spared them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/18.md b/ezk/20/18.md index c07a1b03ed..7d240b5e85 100644 --- a/ezk/20/18.md +++ b/ezk/20/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Do not walk according to the statutes of your parents ... walk in my statutes -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -* **Do not walk according to the statutes of your parents** - "Do not do the things that your parents commanded you to do" -* **do not keep their decrees** - "do not obey their rules" -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +Yahweh speaks of a person obeying statutes as if the statutes were paths along with a person walks. AT: "Do not obey the statutes of your parents ... obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keep my decrees and obey them + +To "keep" Yahweh's decrees is the same as to "obey them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/21.md b/ezk/20/21.md index 62bb77a169..3d5dfe3966 100644 --- a/ezk/20/21.md +++ b/ezk/20/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# They did not walk in my statutes -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -* **They did not walk in my statutes** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:20:13]]. -* **so I determined to pour out my fury upon them to satisfy my wrath** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:20:08]]. +Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which the person walks. AT: "They did not obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to pour out my fury upon them + +Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](./08.md). AT: "to act against them in my fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I turned my hand away + +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh and turning his hand away means that he does not do what he was going to do. AT: "But I did not do that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for my name's sake + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "for the sake of my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](./08.md). AT: "so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the eyes of the nations + +Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the thoughts of the people in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/23.md b/ezk/20/23.md index 999b20c7d6..dc0db3e293 100644 --- a/ezk/20/23.md +++ b/ezk/20/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:disperse]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I myself also lifted up my hand to swear -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -* **raised my hand to them** - It was a common practice to take an oath by raising a hand toward heaven. -* **Their eyes were longing after their fathers’ idols** - AT: "they were eager to worship the idols that their parents had worshiped." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "lifted up my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. AT: "I myself also solemnly swore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# scatter them among the nations and disperse them among the lands + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/14.md). AT: "cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Their eyes were longing after their fathers' idols + +Here the word "eyes" represents the person who looks to the idols to worship them. AT: "They were longing after their fathers' idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/25.md b/ezk/20/25.md index e02f5426a8..2e889fde26 100644 --- a/ezk/20/25.md +++ b/ezk/20/25.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Then I also gave them statutes that were not good, and decrees by which they could not live -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -* **Then I also gave them statutes that were not good, and decrees by which they could not live** - The words statutes in this phrase do not refer to God's law. God permitted them to live by human laws and judgments that were not good. -* **gave them** - The word "them" refers to the children of those whom Yahweh brought out of Egypt. -* **by their gifts** - AT: "by the gifts that they gave me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The words statutes in this phrase do not refer to God's law. God permitted them to live by human laws and judgments that were not good. + +# gave them + +The word "them" refers to the children of those whom Yahweh brought out of Egypt. + +# by their gifts + +Here the word "gifts" refers to the sacrifices that the people made to the idols that they worshiped. + +# they made a sacrifice of every firstborn of the womb + +The phrase "firstborn of the womb" refers to the firstborn child of a woman. The word "sacrifice" can be translated with a verb. AT: "they sacrificed every woman's firstborn child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# put them into the fire + +It is implicit that they put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to their idols. AT: "sacrificed them as burnt offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/27.md b/ezk/20/27.md index dd3e6f439c..454f9f9a11 100644 --- a/ezk/20/27.md +++ b/ezk/20/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# What is this high place where you bring offerings there? -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Yahweh asks this question in order to rebuke the people. AT: "This is not a high place where you are to bring offerings!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the name is called Bamah -* * -* **What is this high place where you bring offerings there** - AT: "This is not a high place where you are to bring offerings!." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the name is called Bamah** - AT: "People have called that place Bamah." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The name "Bamah" means "high place," a place for worshiping idols. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people have called that place Bamah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/30.md b/ezk/20/30.md index fe3b4a09e1..a5f4239de1 100644 --- a/ezk/20/30.md +++ b/ezk/20/30.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:inquire]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Why do you make yourselves unclean with the ways of your fathers? -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **So should I be inquired of by you?** - AT: "You have have no right to ask me for a message." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. AT: "You should not make yourselves unclean by doing the things that your fathers did." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why do you make yourselves unclean + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So why do you act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. AT: "You should not act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# why do you act like prostitutes + +Yahweh speaks of the people being unfaithful to him as if they were acting like women who sleep with men to whom they are not married. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# put your sons into the fire + +It is implicit that they put their sons into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings. AT: "sacrificed them as burnt offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So why should I let you question me, house of Israel? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. AT: "I will not let you question me, house of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# As I live + +Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/33.md b/ezk/20/33.md index dfa148f8ea..d1298d03ae 100644 --- a/ezk/20/33.md +++ b/ezk/20/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# As I live -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with a mighty hand, a raised arm + +The words "hand" and "arm" both represent power. AT: "with very great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# fury that will be poured out on you + +Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if the fury were a liquid that he pours on on the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "fury that I will pour out on you" or "I will express my fury towards you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# among whom you have been scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "among whom I have scattered you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/36.md b/ezk/20/36.md index dba6129611..75e6263080 100644 --- a/ezk/20/36.md +++ b/ezk/20/36.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will cause you to pass under my rod -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. +This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. AT: "I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep" or 2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. AT: "I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/39.md b/ezk/20/39.md index 0b9806b2bd..b3c7415411 100644 --- a/ezk/20/39.md +++ b/ezk/20/39.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# house of Israel -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **to listen to me** - "to obey me" or "to pay attention to me" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to listen to me + +"to obey me" or "to pay attention to me" + +# profane my holy name + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "dishonor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/40.md b/ezk/20/40.md index 8a6b6ffe7a..08e4880456 100644 --- a/ezk/20/40.md +++ b/ezk/20/40.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **to require** - "to command to bring" -* **you have been scattered** - AT: "I have scattered you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I will show myself as holy among you for the nations to see** - "I will use you to show the nations that I am holy" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# to require your offerings + +"to require you to bring your offerings" + +# the firstfruits of your tribute + +Yahweh speaks of the best things among all that they give to him as if they were "firstfruits." AT: "the best of your contributions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your holy things + +"the offerings that you set aside to give to me" + +# I will accept you like fragrant incense + +Yahweh speaks of his people worshiping him as they should as if the people themselves were the incense offering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bring you out from the peoples and gather you out of the countries + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will bring his people back from all of the nations to which he had scattered them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# where you have been scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where I have scattered you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/42.md b/ezk/20/42.md index 9d3244c899..17d8d96b7e 100644 --- a/ezk/20/42.md +++ b/ezk/20/42.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I have lifted up my hand to swear -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **have lifted my hand** - This phrase means "have sworn" or "have promised." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +Here "lifted up my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. AT: "I have solemnly sworn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# you will call to mind + +This idiom means to remember. AT: "you will remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you defiled yourselves + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were defiled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will despise yourselves in your own eyes + +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "you will hate yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of my name's sake + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "because of my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/45.md b/ezk/20/45.md index a30677fd6c..dc13503120 100644 --- a/ezk/20/45.md +++ b/ezk/20/45.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# set your face toward the southern lands +This is a command to stare at the southern lands as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/01.md). AT: "Stare at the southern lands" or "Stare at the southern lands so that they will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set your face + +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" represents staring. AT: "stare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The fiery flame will not be quenched + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The fiery flame will not go out" or "No one will be able to quench the fiery flame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every face from the south to the north will be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the fire will burn every face from the south to the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every face from the south to the north + +Here the word "face" represents the person. By mentioning the opposite directions, Yahweh refers to everyone who lives in the north, in the south, and everywhere in between. AT: "every person who lives in that area" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/48.md b/ezk/20/48.md index 9af2839de3..fee0e1cbad 100644 --- a/ezk/20/48.md +++ b/ezk/20/48.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the forest of the Negev. -## translationNotes +# all flesh will see -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the forest of the Negev. -* **will see** - "will understand" -* **Alas** - a word that expresses distress or grief -* **Is he not a mere teller of parables** - AT: He's just telling stories." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the word "flesh" represents all humans. The idiom to "see" means to understand. AT: "all people will understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it will not be quenched + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will not go out" or "no one will quench it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Alas + +a word that expresses distress or grief + +# Is he not a mere teller of parables? + +The people use this question to insult Ezekiel and dismiss what he is telling them. AT: "He is merely telling parables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/intro.md b/ezk/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8ad8a642ba --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rebels cannot ask for help ##### + +The people of Israel have rebelled against God again and again. Now they cannot come to God for help in their troubles. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/01.md b/ezk/21/01.md index d33ca0fad4..29482e5c32 100644 --- a/ezk/21/01.md +++ b/ezk/21/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **set your face toward** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:04:06]]. -* **sheath** - something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity or "Mortal person" or "Human". God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). + +# set your face toward Jerusalem + +This is a command to stare at Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing the people there. AT: "stare at Jerusalem" or "stare at Jerusalem so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set your face toward Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/01.md) AT: "Turn toward Jerusalem and stare" or "stare toward Jerusalem so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# I will draw my sword from its sheath and cut off both the righteous person and the wicked person from you + +This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. AT: "I am opposed to you, and it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath to kill both the righteous and the wicked people among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous person and the wicked person + +"righteous people and wicked people." This refers to multiple people, not just one righteous person and one wicked person. + +# sheath + +something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it + +# cut off + +This is a euphemism that means to kill. AT: "kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/04.md b/ezk/21/04.md index afb95afdc8..c8ccf5b1ce 100644 --- a/ezk/21/04.md +++ b/ezk/21/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the land of Israel. -## translationNotes +# cut off -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the land of Israel. +This is a euphemism that means to kill. AT: "kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the righteous ... the wicked + +This refers to righteous and wicked people. AT: "those who are righteous ... those who are wicked" or "the righteous people ... the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# from you + +"among you" + +# my sword will go out from its sheath against + +This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. AT: "it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath and strike" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all flesh + +Here "flesh" is a metonym for "people." AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the south to the north + +This is a merism that refers to the area to the north, and to the south, and all places in between. AT: "in every direction" or "everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# that I, Yahweh, have drawn my sword from its sheath + +This speaks of Yahweh causing people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. AT: "it is as though I, Yahweh, have struck people with my sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will no longer hold back + +This speaks of Yahweh not holding back his sword from attacking people as if his sword were a person that was no longer holding itself back from attacking. AT: "and I will not put it back in its sheath again" or "I will not hold back from attacking people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/06.md b/ezk/21/06.md index 5f3dfd97c2..3ad840eda8 100644 --- a/ezk/21/06.md +++ b/ezk/21/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Yahweh is speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# groan as your loins break -* Yahweh is speaking to Ezekiel. -* **groan as your loins break** - This phrase means "groan as though your strength was gone." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **In bitterness groan ** - "With great grief" or "With great sorrow" -* **will falter** - "will be weak" +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to groan as a sign to accompany his message. He tells him to groan deeply as if his abdomen was in great pain. "groan deeply as if your loins were in great pain" or "groan deeply with great sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# In bitterness groan + +"With great grief" or "With great sorrow" + +# before their eyes + +Here the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "before them" or "before the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the news that is coming + +This speaks of the "news" as if it were a person that was soon coming to them. AT: "the news that they will soon hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# for every heart will faint away + +This speaks of people becoming afraid, as if their hearts were fainting. Also, this speaks of the people fainting as a result of fear. AT: "for everyone will become fearful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will falter + +"will be weak" + +# Every spirit will grow faint + +This speaks of people becoming fearful in their spirits as if their spirits were about to faint. AT: "Everyone will be fearful in their inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every knee will flow like water + +"every knee will be as weak as water." This is a euphemism for people being so afraid that they lose their bladder control and urinate on themselves. AT: "every leg will be wet with urine" or "everyone will lose control of their urine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/08.md b/ezk/21/08.md index 1f6357fa96..435a454514 100644 --- a/ezk/21/08.md +++ b/ezk/21/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# A sword! A sword! It will be sharpened and polished! -* **It will be sharpened and polished** - AT: "It is sharp and polished." This phrase indicates that the sword is ready for someone to use it. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **polished** - Someone made the sword smooth, shiny, and clean by rubbing it with a rough material. +This passage describes the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for an enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. This metaphor begins here and continues through [Ezekiel 21:17](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will be sharpened and polished + +This phrase indicates that the sword is ready for someone to use it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is sharp and polished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# polished + +Someone made the sword smooth, shiny, and clean by rubbing it with a rough material. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/10.md b/ezk/21/10.md index 1874092a3f..4c20b449e5 100644 --- a/ezk/21/10.md +++ b/ezk/21/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# It will be sharpened ... It will be polished in order to -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. -* **Should we rejoice in my son's scepter** - AT: "The people of Judah will not celebrate about their king's scepter." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Should we** - The word "we" refers to Yahweh and the people of Israel. -* **in my son's scepter** - This phrase means "in the power of the king of Judah." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These can be stated in active form. AT: "I will sharpen it ... I will polish it so that it will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in order to be like lightning + +This means that the sword will be so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. AT: "so that it flashes like lightning" or "so that light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Should we rejoice in my son's scepter? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that the people of Israel will not celebrate their king's power, because it cannot resist the "sword." AT: "The people of Judah will not celebrate about their king's scepter." or "we should not celebrate the power of our king's scepter." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Should we + +The word "we" refers to Ezekiel and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# in my son's scepter + +Here Yahweh refers to the king of Judah as his son. The king's scepter represents his rule as king. It is important to maintain the image of the king's scepter here, as the words "every such rod" refer to the scepter. AT: "in the king's scepter" or "in the power that the king's scepter represents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The coming sword hates every such rod + +Here the "sword" is personified as coming to attack the people. This speaks of the king not being able to resist the "sword", as if the "sword" were hating the king's scepter. AT: "the sword will overpower his scepter like that of any other ruler" or "for the king will not be able to resist when the sword is brought against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# such rod + +This phrase is used to mock the king's scepter by calling it a "rod." AT: "such scepter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# the sword will be given to be polished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will polish the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# then to be grasped by the hand + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then the right person will hold it in his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it is to be given into the hand of the one who kills + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it is ready for the killer to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/12.md b/ezk/21/12.md index 19d1ef3c4e..870fc63feb 100644 --- a/ezk/21/12.md +++ b/ezk/21/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:trial]] +Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# that sword has come against my people! It is against all -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. -* **who are thrown onto the sword! They were my people** - "those whom the sword has killed were my people" -* **but what if the scepter does not last** - AT: "and it will be very frightening if the sword destroys the scepter and the scepter is gone." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This speaks of Yahweh's sword attacking his people as if the sword itself were the attacker. AT: "I will use my sword to kill my people! I will bring it against all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# They are thrown against the sword with my people + +This speaks of the leaders of Israel being killed with a sword as if they are thrown against the sword. AT: "They are killed with the sword along with my people" or "The sword will kill them along with my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# slap your thigh + +In Ezekiel's culture, slapping one's thigh was a sign of grief. Some other translation use the gesture of beating one's breast which is a sign of grief in many cultures. AT: "beat your chests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# but what if the scepter does not last? + +This rhetorical question is used to make the audience think about what could happen. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "and it will be very frightening if the sword destroys the scepter." or "but it will be very frightening if the king cannot resist it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the scepter + +Here the king of Judah is represented by his scepter. AT: "the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# does not last + +This is an idiom. AT: "cannot resist" or "is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/14.md b/ezk/21/14.md index 3db56e8cfc..18d96e3f90 100644 --- a/ezk/21/14.md +++ b/ezk/21/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# hit your two hands together -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message. -* **A sword for the ones to be slaughtered** - AT: "A sword for slaughtering people." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **piercing them ** - The word "them" refers to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. +This means for him to clap his hands as a sign of his grief. AT: "clap your hands to show that you are very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# even a third time + +"even a 3rd time." This is an idiom that means multiple times. AT: "again and again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# A sword for the ones to be slaughtered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is a sword for slaughtering people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It is a sword for the many to be slaughtered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is a sword for slaughtering many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# piercing them everywhere + +"attacking them from every side." Some Bibles translate this as "which enters into their rooms." This means no matter where they hide, the sword will kill them. + +# piercing them + +The word "them" refers to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/15.md b/ezk/21/15.md index 41e97841d3..c75203e162 100644 --- a/ezk/21/15.md +++ b/ezk/21/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to melt their hearts -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. -* **to multiply their stumbling blocks** - "to make things very difficult for them" -* **their gates** - The word "their" refers to the people of Jerusalem. -* **wherever your sharp edge wishes** - AT: "wherever I have assigned your sharp edge to go." -* **I, Yahweh, declare it** - See how you translated "I, Yahweh have declared this" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:15]]. +This speaks of causing the people to be so terrified that it is as if their hearts were melting. AT: "to fill them with terror" or "to cause them to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to multiply their fallen + +Here "fallen" refers to the people killed in battle. This means there will be a greater number of people killed. AT: "to kill many people among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# set the slaughter of the sword + +Here the sword of Yahweh represents men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. Also, the word "slaughter" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "placed soldiers armed with swords at their gates, ready to slaughter the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# their gates + +The word "their" refers to the people of Jerusalem. + +# It is made like lightning + +This compares how the sword is well polished and how it reflects light to appear like lightning. AT: "My sword is polished and flashes like lightning" or "It is polished and reflects light as being like lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# set free to butcher! + +The sword of Yahweh represents the men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. This speaks of them being released to attack as if they were released to butcher the people in the same way that animals are butchered. AT: "released to slaughter the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You, sword! Strike to the right! ... Go wherever your face is turned + +Here Yahweh speaks to a sword to emphasize that he is in control of what is happening during the attack. The phrase "wherever your face is turned" is an idiom. AT: "I tell those attacking with swords, 'Strike to the right! ... Attack in every direction'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# hit my two hands together + +"clap my hands." Here clapping hands is a sign of triumph. AT: "clap my hands in triumph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/18.md b/ezk/21/18.md index f272f132f7..47e21d1300 100644 --- a/ezk/21/18.md +++ b/ezk/21/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to me again -* [[en:tw:Rabbah]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The phrase "the word of Yahweh came" is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke to me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the sword of the king of Babylon -* **The word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **the sword** - AT: "the army." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "the soldiers of the king of Babylon" or "the Babylonian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a signpost will mark one of them as leading to a city + +This is a sign posted where the road divides into two roads. AT: "a sign will be posted where the road divides into two roads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/21.md b/ezk/21/21.md index b25565fa47..c2a8e9587b 100644 --- a/ezk/21/21.md +++ b/ezk/21/21.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message. -## translationNotes +# at the crossroads, at the junction -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message. -* **battering rams** - big machines that people used to knock down walls or towers -* **against it** - "against Jerusalem -* **to commence** - "to begin" -* **to pour out earthen mounds** - Soldiers carried loads of dirt and dumped them onto the mound. -* **earthen mounds** - These were large dirt ramps that the king of Babylon built so that his soldiers could get onto the walls of Jerusalem. -* **siege walls** - These were dirt walls that the king of Babylon built around Jerusalem to make sure that no one escaped during the siege and to protect his men and equipment as they attacked Jerusalem. +Both of these phrases refer to the place where the two roads meet. AT: "at the crossroads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will shake some arrows and ask direction from some idols and he will examine a liver + +These are divination practices. + +# In his right hand will be an omen about Jerusalem + +This means the he will hold one of the articles of his divination that was read as an omen against Jerusalem in his right hand. AT: "In his right hand will be an article of divination with an omen against Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# battering rams + +A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. + +# to build a ramp + +These were large dirt ramps that the Babylonian soldiers built so that they could get onto the walls of Jerusalem. + +# siege towers + +These were wooden towers that the Babylonian soldiers built around Jerusalem to enable them to shoot arrows over the walls of Jerusalem. + +# in the eyes of the ones in Jerusalem + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the thoughts of the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/24.md b/ezk/21/24.md index b1b23aa5af..8b248440bd 100644 --- a/ezk/21/24.md +++ b/ezk/21/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Because you bring your iniquity to my remembrance -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem. -* **Because you bring your iniquity to my remembrance** - "Because you remind me of your iniquity" -* **your transgressions will be revealed! Your sins will be seen in all of your actions** - "by revealing your transgression, your sins will be clearly shown to everyone."" -* **For this reason you will remind everyone that** - "For this reason everyone will understand that" -* **you will be captured by your enemy's hand** - AT: "the king of Babylon will capture you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Because you remind me of your iniquity" + +# your transgressions will be revealed! Your sins will be seen in all of your actions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by revealing your transgression, every one will see your sins in all of your actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For this reason you will remind everyone that + +"For this reason everyone will understand that" + +# you will be captured by your enemy's hand + +This can be stated in active form. The "enemy's hand" represents the enemy's control. AT: "your enemy will capture you and take you into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/25.md b/ezk/21/25.md index 8e94c653fb..4735a62cc4 100644 --- a/ezk/21/25.md +++ b/ezk/21/25.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Israel. -## translationNotes +# whose day of punishment has come -* Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Israel. -* -* **whose day of punishment has come** - This phrase means "whom Yahweh will now punish." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **whose time of committing iniquity has ended** - "at the time when Yahweh ends iniquity" -* **turban** - a beautiful piece of cloth that kings wore on their heads as a symbol of their authority -* **humble the exalted** - "and make the exalted lowly" +This is an idiom. AT: "whom Yahweh will now punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# whose time of committing iniquity has ended + +"at the time when Yahweh ends iniquity" + +# the turban + +"the king's turban." A turban is a beautiful piece of cloth that kings wore wrapped on their heads as a symbol of their authority. + +# the lowly ... the exalted + +This refers to people with low status and people who are exalted. AT: "those who are lowly ... those who are exalted" or "those with low status ... those with high status" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# It will not be restored + +Here the crown represents the position of king. The kingship will not be restored until the Messiah comes. AT: "There will no longer be a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the one comes who is assigned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one comes who I assign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/28.md b/ezk/21/28.md index c0d8aeb871..b59c1c4db1 100644 --- a/ezk/21/28.md +++ b/ezk/21/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# concerning their coming disgrace -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:divine]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +The word "disgrace" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "about how he will disgrace them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# A sword, a sword is drawn! It is sharpened for the slaughter -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **is drawn** - "is out of its sheath" -* **While prophets see empty visions for you** - The word "you" refers to the nation of Ammon. In the original language, it is feminine singular, because nations were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_gendernotations]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]). -* **empty visions** - "visions that are not true" +This refers to the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the soldiers that Yahweh uses to kill a large number of people who have been disobedient to him. AT: "Swords! My soldiers have drawn their swords! They are sharpened for the slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# is drawn + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "is out of its sheath" + +# It is sharpened for the slaughter in order to devour + +This speaks of the soldiers killing people as if they were animals devouring their prey. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is sharp in order to slaughter and to kill people" + +# so it will be like lightning + +This means that the sword is so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. AT: "and light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# empty visions for you ... with lies for you + +"empty visions for you Ammonites ... with lies for you Ammonites." The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon. In the original Biblical language, the word "your" is feminine singular and refers to the nation of Ammon. Nations were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# empty visions + +This speaks of visions being false and meaningless as if they were empty containers. AT: "visions that are not true" or "false visions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people. AT: "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# who are about to be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who are about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whose day of punishment has come and whose time of iniquity is about to end + +The phrases "day of" and "time of" are idioms. AT: "for the time has come for them to be punished and for their iniquity to end" or "for the time has come for me to punish them and for them to no longer be able to commit wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/30.md b/ezk/21/30.md index 599e8fa63f..22ec9d08b0 100644 --- a/ezk/21/30.md +++ b/ezk/21/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. -## translationNotes +# Return the sword to its sheath -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. -* **sheath** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:21:01]]. -* **In the place of your creation** - "In the place that I created you" +"Later the sword will be put back in its sheath." This speaks of the soldiers withdrawing from attacking Jerusalem, by saying that Yahweh's sword is put back in its sheath. AT: "But later the soldiers will return their swords to their sheaths, for the time of slaughter will be over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sheath + +This is something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:3](./01.md). + +# In the place of your creation + +The word "creation" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "In the place that I created you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will pour out my indignation on you + +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the Babylonians because of his indignation against them as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out of a container upon them. AT: "I will punish you because of indignation against you" or "Out of my anger I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will fan the fire of my rage against you + +This compares Yahweh's rage to a consuming fire. AT: "I will bring my rage upon you like a blazing fire" or "I will punish you in my fierce anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hand of cruel men + +The "hand" of the men refers to their control. AT: "the control of cruel men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# craftsmen of destruction + +"men who cause great destruction" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/32.md b/ezk/21/32.md index f3d5d5d06f..6f79ad889b 100644 --- a/ezk/21/32.md +++ b/ezk/21/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. -## translationNotes +# You will become fuel for the fire -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. -* **You will become fuel for the fire** - "The fire will burn you up" +"The fire will burn up your bodies" + +# Your blood will be in the midst of the land + +"Your blood will soak into the ground of your land" + +# You will not be remembered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will remember you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/intro.md b/ezk/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..79991af887 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Refusing to learn ##### + +Judah has refused to learn from their punishment, so God is about to destroy the nation in war. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/01.md b/ezk/22/01.md index d9319dfae6..10c785fbb7 100644 --- a/ezk/22/01.md +++ b/ezk/22/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Now you, son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the city of blood? -* **Son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the city of blood?** - AT: "Son of man, go and judge. Go and judge the city of blood." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **city of blood** - Yahweh refers to Jerusalem as the city of blood. This refers to the murders and violence that happen in Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **her...herself** - The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_gendernotations]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]). +This rhetorical question functions as a command. AT. "Son of man, go and judge. Go and judge the city of blood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# son of man + +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# the city of blood + +The word "blood" is a metonym for murder. AT: "the city where many people murder their neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# her ... herself + +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). + +# This is a city that pours ... her midst + +Here the "city" represents the people who live there. AT: "The people who live in this city pour ... its midst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that pours out blood in her midst + +The word "blood" is a metonym for murder. AT: "where many people murder their neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that her time may come + +This refers to the time when Yahweh will destroy them. AT: "so that the time of her destruction may come" or "so that the time may come for her to be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/04.md b/ezk/22/04.md index 7820d9e3df..3504df6d52 100644 --- a/ezk/22/04.md +++ b/ezk/22/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] +Yahweh continues to speak through Ezekiel to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# by the blood that you have poured out -* **For you have drawn your days close and approached your final years.** - These phrases are used to tell the people of Jerusalem that they have caused their deaths to happen sooner because of their sinful behavior. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **full of confusion** - many people in Jerusalem are confused +This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. AT: "because you murdered innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are made unclean by + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "are unclean because of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For you have drawn your days close and approached your final years. + +Both of these phrases are idioms that mean that the time when Yahweh will punish Jerusalem is very near. AT: "Because of these things you have done, you are approaching the end of your time" or "You are bringing your time to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will make you a reproach to the nations and a derision in the sight of every land + +The words "reproach" and "derision" can be expressed as verbs. A derision is something or someone that is mocked or ridiculed. AT: "I will make the nations reproach you and every land ridicule you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a derision in the sight of every land + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "cause the people of every land to consider you a derision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of every land + +This generalization refers to the places who are familiar with Jerusalem and represents the people who live in these places. AT: "of the people of every nearby land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/06.md b/ezk/22/06.md index ada92ec5a0..4a502c19ed 100644 --- a/ezk/22/06.md +++ b/ezk/22/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] +Yahweh speaking about the ruler of Israel in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* Yahweh speaking about the ruler of Israel in Jerusalem. -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **come to you...in your midst** - The words "you" and "your" refer to Jerusalem. -* **they eat upon the mountains** - Here, "the mountains" refer to the altars to idols that are on the mountains. They eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **They perform wickedness in your midst** - This means that they do evil things inside the city of Jerusalem. +"Listen." The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# each one by his own power, have come + +"have each used their authority to come to you." + +# come to you ... in your midst + +"come to your city ... within your city." The words "you" and "your" refer to Jerusalem. + +# to pour out blood + +This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. AT: "to murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They have dishonored fathers and mothers within you + +"The people of Jerusalem have dishonored their fathers and mothers." The word "they" refers to the people in Jerusalem. + +# performed oppression + +"oppressed" + +# they eat on the mountains + +Here "the mountains" refer to the altars on the mountains that are dedicated to idols. They men eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. AT: "they eat the meat that has been sacrificed to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# perform wickedness in your midst + +"do evil things among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/10.md b/ezk/22/10.md index caa59ab53c..fa4b242f06 100644 --- a/ezk/22/10.md +++ b/ezk/22/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +God continues to speak through Ezekiel about the terrible things that the people of Jerusalem have done. -## translationNotes +# you ... They -* God continues to speak through Ezekiel about the terrible things that the people of Jerusalem have done. -* **you/they** - These pronouns refer to Jerusalem (the people of Jerusalem). -* **The nakedness of a father is revealed** - This is the father's wife. It is the nakedness that is only meant for him to see. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **abused...commit abominations with...make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean** - in-law shamefully unclean** - These are all ways to express that the men have had sexual relations with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. -* **interest** - additional money charged in order to borrow money. -* **excessive** - more than is needed -* **you have forgotten me** - refusing to obey Yahweh is like forgetting that he exists. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These pronouns refer to Jerusalem (the people of Jerusalem). + +# The nakedness of a father is revealed + +This means that a son sleeps with his father's wife. AT: "There are men who sleep with their father's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her impurity + +"her menstrual period" + +# They have abused ... commit abominations with ... shamefully unclean ... men who abuse + +These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. AT: "They have raped ... committed abominations by sleeping with ... shamefully unclean by sleeping with them ... men who rape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to pour out blood + +This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. AT: "to murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# interest + +This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "interest" in this passage as "too much interest." + +# you have damaged your neighbors through oppression + +This means that they have oppressed their neighbors by charging them too much interest. AT: "you have oppressed your neighbors and made them poor" or "you have made your neighbors poor by charging too much interest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you have forgotten me + +Refusing to obey Yahweh is like forgetting that he exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/13.md b/ezk/22/13.md index 2abb983c57..15e737ae79 100644 --- a/ezk/22/13.md +++ b/ezk/22/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem by speaking directly to the city of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# With my hand I have struck -* Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem by speaking directly to the city of Jerusalem. -* ** I have struck the dishonest gain...the bloodshed** - The word "struck" refers to Yahweh taking action against those things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Will your heart stand, will your hands be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you?** - AT: Your heart will not stand, your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **So I will scatter you among the nations and disperse you through the lands** - God will force the people of Israel to separate from each other. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **purge** - remove something unwanted. -* **in the eyes of the nations** - AT: "in the opinion of the people in other nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"I have shaken my fist against" or "I have clapped my hands against." This is a symbolic action that shows anger and disapproval. AT: "I have shown my anger and disapproval against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the bloodshed that is in your midst + +"the murdering that happens among you" + +# Will your heart stand, will your hands be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize how hurt they will be when he punishes them. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "Your heart will not stand and your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will your heart stand + +Here the whole person is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions and will. Here the idea of "standing" is an idiom that means to be courageous. AT: "Will you stand" or "Will you be courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will your hands be strong + +Here the whole person is referred to by his "hands." AT: "will you be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# So I will scatter you among the nations and disperse you through the lands + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/14.md). AT: "So I will cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# purge + +remove something unwanted + +# uncleanness + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So you will become unclean in the eyes of the nations + +Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. The "eyes" represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "So the nations will consider you unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the nations + +Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. AT: "the people in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/17.md b/ezk/22/17.md index 5275f66428..413ef2f14b 100644 --- a/ezk/22/17.md +++ b/ezk/22/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel has -* -* **dross** - AT: "worthless" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **All of them are the leftovers of bronze and tin, and iron and lead in your midst** - AT: "All of the people around you are worthless" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites have" or "the Israelite people group has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has become dross to me + +Dross is the impurities that are left over after silver or gold has been purified in a furnace. Here Yahweh speaks of the people being worthless to him as if they were dross. AT: "has become as worthless to me as dross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All of them are the leftovers of bronze and tin ... like the dross of silver in your furnace + +Yahweh continues to speaks about how the people have become worthless to him as if they were dross. AT: "All of them are as worthless as the leftover of bronze and tin, and iron and lead that remain after you melt silver in the furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# behold + +"listen." The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/20.md b/ezk/22/20.md index a58f6f653f..14f190d57f 100644 --- a/ezk/22/20.md +++ b/ezk/22/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +God continues to describe his punishment of the people if Israel in Jerusalem as metals being melted and purified in a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# As a collection of silver and bronze ... must have fire blown against it, I will melt you -* God continues to describe his punishment of the people if Israel in Jerusalem as metals being melted and purified in a furnace.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will melt you.** - God's punishment is referred to as the fire of a furnace that will purify Jerusalem like a furnace that separates worthless materials from the precious metals when they are melted. +Here Yahweh speaks of how he will gather together the people of Jerusalem and punish them by comparing them to how sliver, bronze, iron, lead, and tin are put in a furnace and burned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So I will gather ... I will put you there ... so will I gather ... I will put you there and pour you out + +These phrases have similar meanings and may be combined. Here Yahweh continues to speaks about how he is going to punish the people as if they were metal that he was melting and pouring out. AT: "So I will gather you in my wrath and my fury. I will put you together in Jerusalem and it will be as though I am blowing fire on you to melt you and then pouring you out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blow against you with the fire of my wrath + +Here Yahweh speaks of the greatness of his wrath as if it were a fire. AT: "my wrath will be like a fire that I will blow against you to melt you, and then I will pour you out there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in her midst + +"in Jerusalem." The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. + +# As melting silver in the middle of a furnace, you will be melted down in its midst + +Here Yahweh continues to speaks about how he is going to punish the people as if they were metal that he was melting and pouring out. AT: "It will be as though you were melted down like silver in the middle of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have poured out my fury against you + +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as if he were pouring out his fury against them. AT: "have punished you in my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/23.md b/ezk/22/23.md index cb310ec124..f136b51028 100644 --- a/ezk/22/23.md +++ b/ezk/22/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# The word of Yahweh came -* Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Jerusalem. -* **There is no rain on the day of wrath** - Rain is used as an example of God's blessing. AT: "There is no blessing on the day of wrath" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **conspiracy** - a secret plan made by two or more people to do something harmful or illegal. +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You are a land that has not been cleansed + +This can be stated in active form. The word "land" here refers to Israel and to the people who live there. AT: "You are a land and a people that is unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not been cleansed + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is no rain on the day of wrath + +Rain is used as an example of God's blessing. AT: "There is no blessing on the day of wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# There is a conspiracy of her prophets in her midst + +The word "her" refers to Israel. AT: "The prophets within Israel plot conspiracies" + +# conspiracy + +a secret plan made by two or more people to do something harmful or illegal + +# like a roaring lion tearing apart a victim. They consume life and take precious wealth + +This compares the prophets of Israel to lions who attack and kill their victims. AT: "They kill people for they are like roaring lions who attack and kill their prey. They take peoples' precious wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they make many widows within her + +The word "her" refers to Israel. They "make many widows" by killing married men. AT: "they make many women into widows by killing their husbands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/26.md b/ezk/22/26.md index cb0667d620..dde68e1dd9 100644 --- a/ezk/22/26.md +++ b/ezk/22/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# her -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:wolf]] +This pronoun refers to Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# do violence to my law -* **her** - This pronoun refers to Jerusalem. +"disobey my laws" + +# the unclean and the clean + +This refers to unclean and clean things. Something that God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. AT: "things that are unclean and things that are clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They hide their eyes from my Sabbaths + +This speaks of the people ignoring and not observing the Sabbath and if they were hiding their eyes from the Sabbath" AT: "They ignore my Sabbaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that I am profaned in their midst + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and profane me among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Her princes within her are like wolves tearing apart their victims + +This compares Israel's princes to wolves who attack and kill their victims. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They pour out blood and destroy life + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the violence that the princes practice. AT: "They murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Her prophets have painted them over with whitewash + +This speaks of the prophets trying to hide these sins as if they were something that they could paint over with whitewash. AT: "It is like her prophets have painted over their sins with whitewash" or "Their prophets try to hide these evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whitewash + +This is a solution that is painted on things to make them white that is similar to white paint. + +# predict falsehoods to them + +"predict lies for the princes." The word "them" refers to the princes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/29.md b/ezk/22/29.md index 00a87e08ff..8ab18a56fc 100644 --- a/ezk/22/29.md +++ b/ezk/22/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# have oppressed ... and plundered -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +The understood words may be supplied. AT: "have oppressed people ... and plundered others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# extortion +This refers to when someone threatens or hurts another person in order to make them give him money. + +# the poor and needy + +This refers to poor and needy people. AT: "those who are poor and needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/30.md b/ezk/22/30.md index df2d9b4470..870a560aef 100644 --- a/ezk/22/30.md +++ b/ezk/22/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh compares the leaders of Jerusalem to a wall and himself to an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a man from them who would build up a wall -* Yahweh compares the leaders of Jerusalem to a wall and himself to an invading army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a man from them who would build up a wall** - a leader putting himself between Yahweh and the people by taking responsibility to lead them back into righteousness. AT: "a man from them who would act like a wall" -* **stand in the breach** - to stand in the place the wall has a gap or has been broken. A leader defending the people of Israel is like a warrior defending a city in battle. -* **pour out my indignation upon them!** - judgement that can be poured out like water from a bowl. -* **the fire of my indignation** - judgement of God is like fire because it is very intense. -* **set their way upon their own heads** - Setting something on a person's head refers to making them carry it or take responsibility for it. AT: "make them take responsibility for what they have done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This speaks of a man who would take responsibility to pray for the people and to lead them to repentance as if that man were to build a wall to protect the people from Yahweh. AT: "a man from among them who would act like he built a wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stand before me in its breach + +Its "breach" refers to a gap in the wall. This speaks of the man defending the people before Yahweh as if he were a warrior standing in the breach to defend the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the land so I would not destroy it + +Here the "land" represents the people who live there. AT: "for the people so that I would not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pour out my indignation upon them + +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out on them. AT: "I will punish the people because of my indignation for them" or "I will punish the people because of my anger against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# indignation + +"wrath." This refers to strong displease or anger against something that is wicked. + +# I will finish them with the fire of my indignation + +This speaks of how harsh Yahweh's judgement is by comparing it to a fire. Here destroying the people is referred to as "finishing" them. AT: "I will destroy them with my wrath which is as intense as a blazing fire" or "I will destroy them with my wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# set their way on their own heads + +Setting something on a person's head refers to making them carry a burden or take responsibility for it. AT: "make them take responsibility for what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/intro.md b/ezk/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3fbee9c22d --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 22 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Continuous evil ##### + +Murder, idolatry and all sorts of evil have been done in Jerusalem; so God will destroy the city and scatter the people among the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/01.md b/ezk/23/01.md index 6326e62ae7..8b1fc03a89 100644 --- a/ezk/23/01.md +++ b/ezk/23/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh speaks of how the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him in a metaphor in which he refers to them as two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The word of Yahweh came -* Yahweh tells Ezekiel a story about two young women in Egypt to express how he views the behavior of the people of Israel. -* **They acted as prostitutes in Egypt...They acted as prostitutes there. Their breasts were squeezed and their virgin nipples were fondled there** - All three of these phrases are saying the same thing in a slightly different way. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Their virgin breasts were squeezed and fondled there** - AT: "There men squeezed and fondled their virgin breasts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fondled** - to be touched lovingly or softly -* **Oholah** - This is a female name that means "her tent." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Oholibah** - This is a female name that means "my tent is in her." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# Their breasts were squeezed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Men squeezed their breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their virgin nipples were fondled there + +This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase and emphasizes the immoral behavior of the two young women. This can be stated in active form. AT: "there men fondled their virgin nipples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fondled + +to be touched lovingly or softly + +# they became mine + +This means that he married them and they became his wives. AT: "they became my wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Their names mean this: Oholah means Samaria, and Oholibah means Jerusalem + +"Oholah represents Samaria, and Oholibah represents Jerusalem." In this metaphor Samaria is spoken of as if it were Oholah and Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were Oholibah. This speaks of how these cities were unfaithful to Yahweh as if they were unfaithful wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Oholah + +This is the name of a woman that means "her tent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Oholibah + +This is the name of a woman that means "my tent is in her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/05.md b/ezk/23/05.md index ac39ce1225..0b4ec8c20f 100644 --- a/ezk/23/05.md +++ b/ezk/23/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# when she was mine -* Yahweh continues telling his story to Ezekiel about his unfaithful wife Oholah. -* **dominant** - "in control" -* **all the best of Assyria’s men** - This identifies who the word "them" refers to. +This refers to when she was his wife. AT: "while she was still my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# dominant + +"in control" + +# all the best of Assyria's men + +This identifies who the word "them" refers to. + +# she made herself unclean with everyone she lusted for—and with all their idols + +This implies that she slept with all of these men and worshiped the idols they worshiped. AT: "she made herself unclean by sleeping with everyone she lusted for and by worshiping all their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/08.md b/ezk/23/08.md index 6d39548855..eb9dc8ca50 100644 --- a/ezk/23/08.md +++ b/ezk/23/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to pour out their promiscuous behavior on her -* Yahweh continues telling his story to Ezekiel about his unfaithful wife Oholah. -* **slept with her...fondle her virgin breasts...pour out their promiscuous behavior** - All of these phrases are different ways to refer to her behavior as a prostitute in Egypt. It is repeated in different ways to express how shockingly sinful her behavior was. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **had slept with her** - This is a mild way to say they had sexual relations with her. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **to pour out their promiscuous behavior** - The phrase "pour out" uses the thought of water pouring out to express something happening in a great amount. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians** - The word "hand" refers to what someone has control over. This phrase is repeated to emphasize that the Assyrians were her lovers. AT: "I gave her over to her lovers, I allowed the Assyrians to take control over her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This speaks of the men acting promiscuously towards her as if their promiscuous behavior were a large amount of water that they were pouring out on her. AT: "to act promiscuously towards her" or "to act lustfully towards her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I gave her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians + +The word "hand" refers to power or control. The two phrases have the same meaning and the second phrase explains that "her lovers" were "the Assyrians." AT: "I gave her over to her lovers, the Assyrians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# they passed judgment on her + +This is an idiom. AT: "they talked about her disgrace" or "she had a bad reputation among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/11.md b/ezk/23/11.md index bbfd3471ff..fbb6518ebd 100644 --- a/ezk/23/11.md +++ b/ezk/23/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sister]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Oholibah -* Yahweh begins telling the story to Ezekiel about his unfaithful wife Oholibah, the sister of Oholah. -* **Oholibah** - See how you translated this word in verse [[en:bible:notes:ezk:23:01]]. -* **who dressed impressively, who were men riding horses** - Both of these phrases describe men who are wealthy. AT: "who were wealthy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **It was the same for both sisters** - AT: "Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is the name of a woman that means "my tent is in her." See how you translated this name in [Ezekiel 23:4](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It was the same for both sisters + +This refers to how they had both made themselves unclean. AT: "Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/14.md b/ezk/23/14.md index eef2a81cc4..031ded9164 100644 --- a/ezk/23/14.md +++ b/ezk/23/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# turbans -* Yahweh continues telling the story about his unfaithful wife Oholibah to Ezekiel. -* **Turban ** - a hat made out of long cloth and wrapped around the top of a man's head. +hats made out of long cloth and wrapped around the top of a man's head + +# had the appearance of officers of chariot troops, the likeness of sons + +The abstract nouns "likeness" and "appearance" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "appeared the way officers of chariot troops do, and they looked like sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# chariot troops + +soldiers who drive chariots and who run ahead of and beside them + +# sons of Babylonia + +"Babylonians" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/16.md b/ezk/23/16.md index 24a71a3792..009c929f1d 100644 --- a/ezk/23/16.md +++ b/ezk/23/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# her bed of lust -* Yahweh continues telling the story about his unfaithful wife Oholibah to Ezekiel. -* * -* **her soul turned away from them** - The word "soul" refers to thoughts and emotions. Changing from wanting something to hating it is described as turning away from it. AT: "her emotions regarding them changed from desire to disgust" +This refers to her bed where she slept with men and acted lustfully. AT: "her bed where she acted lustfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they made her unclean with their promiscuousness + +This means that they slept with the woman. AT: "they slept with her and made her unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so she turned herself away from them + +This is an idiom. AT: "so she rejected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/18.md b/ezk/23/18.md index d31b96ec41..637c968ffb 100644 --- a/ezk/23/18.md +++ b/ezk/23/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my soul turned away from her ... my soul turned away from her sister -* * -* **brought to mind and imitated the days of her youth** - AT: "remembered and did the same things as she had done when she was young" +Here the "soul" represents one's emotions. AT: "I became disgusted with her and rejected her ... I became disgusted with her sister and rejected her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/20.md b/ezk/23/20.md index f01f9b32c0..2849e2cd2b 100644 --- a/ezk/23/20.md +++ b/ezk/23/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# whose private parts were like those of donkeys -* Yahweh finishes speaking about Oholibah and the Assyrians and starts speaking to Oholibah. -* **whose private parts were like those of donkeys, and whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses** - Impossibly large, in order to show how wicked was Oholibah's desire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This compares the size of the mens' private parts to those of a donkey to show how wicked Oholibah's desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be as large as those of a donkey. AT: "whose private parts were very long, like those of a donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses + +This compares the volume of the mens' emissions to those of a horse to show how wicked Oholibah's desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be like those of a horse. AT: "whose reproductive emissions were huge, like those of a horse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/22.md b/ezk/23/22.md index 7d6cd9f698..8d06bf0f26 100644 --- a/ezk/23/22.md +++ b/ezk/23/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold! -* **Behold ** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **Pekod, Shoa, and Koa** - These are people groups who lived in Babylonia. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Listen!" The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# I will bring them against you from every side + +"I will cause them to attack you from all directions" + +# the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them + +This does not refer to all of the people who live in these places, but rather to soldiers from there. AT: "soldiers from Babylon and all of Chaldea, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the soldiers of Assyria with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Pekod, Shoa, and Koa + +These are the names places in Babylonia. These places represent the soldiers from these places. AT: "those from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# strong, handsome men, governors and commanders ... all of them riding on horses + +This is the description of the men of Assyria that Oholah had slept with who are now turning against her. This is similar to the description given in [Ezekiel 23:6](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/24.md b/ezk/23/24.md index 5dae7570f6..b4ad340c24 100644 --- a/ezk/23/24.md +++ b/ezk/23/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# will come against you -* **set large shields, small shields, and helmets against you** - These defensive items are used to refer to different kinds of soldiers in an army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **They will cut off your nose and your ears** - This describes the punishment in Babylon for married women who have sexual relations with men that are not their husbands. AT: "They will punish you as an adulteress" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with weapons + +The Hebrew word translated here as "weapons" is rare. Many modern versions translate it in this way, but some versions leave this phrase out. + +# They will set large shields, small shields, and helmets against you all around + +These defensive items are used to refer to various types of soldiers. AT: "Soldiers will attack you on all sides carrying large shields, small shields, and wearing helmets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For I will set my jealous anger on you, and they will deal with you in fury + +Here Yahweh speaks of causing the armies to attack them because he is angry with them as if his anger where something that he was placing upon them. AT: Because I am very jealous for you, I will cause them to act furiously towards you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will cut off your noses and your ears + +This describes the punishment in Babylon for married women who slept with men that are not their husbands. AT: "They will punish you as an adulteress, by cutting of your noses and your ears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your survivors will fall by the sword + +The word "fall" is a euphemism for "die". The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill with swords. AT: "men will kill your survivors with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your survivors will be devoured by fire + +This speaks of the survivors being burned by fire as if the fire were an animal attacking and eating them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "your survivors will be burned by fire" or "fire will burn your survivors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/26.md b/ezk/23/26.md index 7671d6324d..86ad71dda7 100644 --- a/ezk/23/26.md +++ b/ezk/23/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# from the land of Egypt -* **You will not lift up your eyes** - This is a way to refer to a person turning their head to look at something. AT: "You will not look" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **you will think of Egypt no longer** - The phrase "think of Egypt" refers to the acts of prostitution she learned in Egypt. She will no longer think about them because she has learned they will not give her the nice things that the Egyptians, Babylonians, and Assyrians have. Instead, the acts of prostitution have caused her to be punished and she will not want to think about doing them again. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This refers to her prostitution as beginning in Egypt. AT: "which you began in the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You will not lift up your eyes toward them with longing + +This is a way to refer to a person turning their head to look at something. Here looking represents desire. AT: "You will not look toward them with longing" or "You will not desire these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will think of Egypt no longer + +Here "Egypt" represents the shameful things that she did in Egypt. AT: "you will think about the things you did in Egypt no longer" or "you will not think about what you did in Egypt any more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/28.md b/ezk/23/28.md index 6e3fd9e027..ea8a8216b5 100644 --- a/ezk/23/28.md +++ b/ezk/23/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **Behold ** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **naked and bare** - Both of these words have the same meaning. Both are used to emphasize that she will have nothing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **prostitution...shameful behavior...promiscuousness** - These all describe the same actions in different ways. This is done to emphasize what Oholibah did was wrong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Those word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# give you into the hand of the ones you hate ... into the hand of the ones from whom you had turned away + +These two phrases have the same meaning. It means that they will be captured by the men they used to prostitute themselves to. AT: "allow you to be captured by those you hate and had turned away from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# into the hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to control. AT: "into the control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# unclothed and bare + +These two words mean the same thing and emphasize that she will be completely naked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# The naked shame of your prostitution will be revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They will reveal the naked shame of your prostitution" + +# your shameful behavior and your promiscuousness + +These phrases both describe her prostitution and emphasize how bad this behavior was. The understood words in the parallel phrase may be supplied. AT: "your shameful behavior and your promiscuousness will be revealed" or "they will reveal your shameful behavior and your promiscuousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/30.md b/ezk/23/30.md index 32f4fe75ec..5a3cb805b9 100644 --- a/ezk/23/30.md +++ b/ezk/23/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# These things will be done to you in your acting -* -* **acting like a prostitute, lusting after nations** - The reason this phrase says Oholibah acts like a prostitute with the nations is because the men she has had sex with are symbols of the wealth and power of these nations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will put her cup** - The word "cup" refers to Oholibah's punishment. It represents the thing she has received. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"These things will be done to you because you have acted." This can be stated in active form. AT: "These things will happen to you because you have acted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# acting like a prostitute, lusting after nations + +Ezekiel speaks of Oholibah, who represents Judah ([Ezekiel 23:4](./01.md)), as if she were a prostitute sleeping with the men of many nations for money. He wants the people of Judah to understand that Yahweh to punish them because they were worshiping the idols of other nations so they could get those nations' wealth and power. AT: "acting like a prostitute, lusting after men of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# became unclean with their idols + +She became unclean by worshiping the idols. AT: "became unclean by worshiping their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so I will put her cup of punishment into your hand + +This refers to Oholibah's punishment that she will receive as if it were a cup of wine. AT: "so I will cause you to be punished in the same way as your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/32.md b/ezk/23/32.md index 43056c216e..eab106da01 100644 --- a/ezk/23/32.md +++ b/ezk/23/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You will drink your sister's cup -* **You will drink your sister's cup** - Drinking the from the same cup is another way to say they will experience the same thing. AT: "You will experience the same punishment as your sister" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **which is deep and large** - This refers to the amount of punishment received. AT: "which is severe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a laughingstock...a subject for derision** - Both of these phrases refer to a person who is laughed at and criticized because of their foolish behavior. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **this cup contains a great amount** - This sentence doesn't say what is in the cup because it is understood by reading [[en:bible:notes:ezk:23:30]]. AT: "this cup contains a great amount of punishment" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Here Yahweh speaks of punishment as if it were a cup of wine the woman drank. AT: "You will drink the same cup of punishment as your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your sister's cup that is + +Here the "cup" represents what is in the cup. AT: "from your sister's cup that is" or "all that is in your sister's cup, and her cup is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a laughingstock ... a subject for derision + +Both of these phrases refer to a person who is laughed at and criticized because of their foolish behavior. Derision is mocking or ridiculing something or someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# this cup contains a great amount + +This sentence does not say what is in the cup because it is understood by reading [Ezekiel 23:31](./30.md). AT: "this cup contains a great amount of punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/33.md b/ezk/23/33.md index e6f49d15a3..e357129a4e 100644 --- a/ezk/23/33.md +++ b/ezk/23/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow -* **horror and devastation** - Both of these words are used to describe the land of Samaria after it has been destroyed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Your sister Samaria’s cup** - Oholibah's sister Oholah has represented Samaria. Samaria is called by it's name but still referred to as a sister. The cup is a symbol for the punishment that she received. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +This speaks of being very drunk and full of sorrow as if drunkenness and sorrow were things that filled her body. AT: "You will become very drunk and very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the cup of horror and devastation + +"the cup that causes horror and devastation." The words "horror" and "devastation" share similar meanings here and emphasize how terrible her punishment will be. AT: "for what is in that cup causes horror and devastation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the cup of your sister Samaria + +Oholibah's sister Oholah represents Samaria. Samaria is called by it's name but still referred to as a sister. The cup is a symbol for the punishment that she received. AT: "for this is the same cup of punishment that your sister, who represents Samaria, drank" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tear your breasts + +"cut your beasts" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/35.md b/ezk/23/35.md index a1c99810cd..4e804f15e9 100644 --- a/ezk/23/35.md +++ b/ezk/23/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# thrown me away behind your back -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] - -## translationNotes - -* **and thrown me away behind your back** - Yahweh is saying Oholibah does not care about him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you will lift high and reveal** - Both of these phrases describe one action. AT: "you will put on display" or "you will make it clear for everyone to see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Yahweh speaks of Oholibah rejecting him as if he were an object that she had thrown behind her back and forgotten. AT: "rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/36.md b/ezk/23/36.md index 2f6adc908d..8142f63913 100644 --- a/ezk/23/36.md +++ b/ezk/23/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question as a command for Ezekiel. This question can be written as a statement. The cities of Jerusalem and Samaria are represented by Oholah and Oholibah. AT: "Son of man, you will judge Oholah and Oholibah!" or "Son of man, judge the people of those two cities represented by Oholah and Oholibah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah?** - AT: "Son of man, you will judge Oholah and Oholibah!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **there is blood on their hands** - The blood is the result of killing people, and therefore represents murder. AT: "they have murdered people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). + +# there is blood on their hands + +This is an idiom. AT: "they have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/38.md b/ezk/23/38.md index d14e6fdd1b..2d37f5a84e 100644 --- a/ezk/23/38.md +++ b/ezk/23/38.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +Yahweh speaks about how the people of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him. -## translationNotes +# unclean -* Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel about Oholah and Oholibah. -* **and on the same day they defile my Sabbaths** - The phrase "same day" refers to the previous phrase "make my sanctuary unclean." AT: "and on the same day they make my sanctuary unclean, they defile my Sabbaths" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **came to my sanctuary on the same day to defile it** - AT: "came to defile my sanctuary on the same day as slaughtering their children for their idols" -* **So behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +A person or thing God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on the same day they defile my Sabbaths + +The phrase "same day" refers to the previous phrase "make my sanctuary unclean." AT: "on the same day on which they make my sanctuary unclean, they defile my Sabbaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# behold! + +"indeed!" The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# in the middle of my house + +This refers to the house in general. The reference to the "middle" emphasizes that what was done happened openly in the temple and defiled the whole place. AT: "in my own house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/40.md b/ezk/23/40.md index 431712a9e8..5396488efb 100644 --- a/ezk/23/40.md +++ b/ezk/23/40.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] +Yahweh again refers to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You sent out for men who came from far away, to whom messengers had been sent -* Ezekiel speaks to Oholah and Oholibah. -* **behold ** - This can be translated as "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -* **you bathed, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry** - These are things done by a woman to make her appear more beautiful to a man. -* **my incense and my oil** - items used in worship to Yahweh. +These two phrases have the same meaning. This means that they sent messengers to men far away requesting for them to come to them. AT: "You sent messengers to men who came to you from far away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# behold + +"listen." The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# you bathed, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry + +These are things done by a woman to make her appear more beautiful to a man. + +# you bathed ... you sat + +Here the word "you" switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# my incense and my oil + +These are items used in worship to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/42.md b/ezk/23/42.md index 954ea15460..b711d9b511 100644 --- a/ezk/23/42.md +++ b/ezk/23/42.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# So the sound of a noisy crowd was around her -* ** the sound of a crowd who were with worries was with you** - The sound of a crowd is used to refer to the crowd of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **drunkards** - people who often get drunk. (The meaning of "Sheba" is "drunkard".) -* **ornate** - decorated or carved to make more beautiful. +The sound of the crowd is used to refer to the crowd of people. AT: "So there was a noisy crowd around her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# was around her ... on their hands + +"was around her ... on her and her sister's hands." This verse begins by referring to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. In the second part of the verse it switches back to referring to both sisters with the word "their." + +# Sabeans were brought + +This can be stated in active form. The word "Sabeans" refers to people from Sheba. AT: "Sabeans had come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they put bracelets + +The word "they" refers to the men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/43.md b/ezk/23/43.md index e11d5e82a0..5915838951 100644 --- a/ezk/23/43.md +++ b/ezk/23/43.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# her who was worn out ... with her, and she with them -* **the one worn out by acts of adultery** - Ezekiel refers to Oholah and Ohobilah with a description. -* **penetrated her as they would any prostitute** - "went into her as they would any prostitute" This phrase describes when a man has sex with a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* ** as they would any prostitute** - AT: "as they would penetrate any prostitute" -* **have blood on their hands** - This phrase uses evidence of violence to say they are guilty of violence. +This refers to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. + +# They went in to her and slept with her as men go in to be with a prostitute + +This compares the way men slept with her to the way men sleep with a prostitute. AT: "They slept with her in the same way that men sleep with a prostitute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# They went in to her + +"They went in to where she was" or "They went to her" + +# In this way they slept with Oholah and Oholibah + +"This is how they slept with Oholah and Oholibah" + +# pass judgment + +This is an idiom. AT: "condemn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who shed blood ... blood is on their hands + +This is an idiom. AT: "who murder people ... murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/46.md b/ezk/23/46.md index bd5a62ce4d..3e08978a98 100644 --- a/ezk/23/46.md +++ b/ezk/23/46.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# raise up a company -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +The phrase "raise up" is an idiom. AT: "gather a large group of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# against them and give them -* **raise up a company** - The phrase "raise up" refers to increase in the number of people. AT: "gather a large group of people" -* **give them over** - Yahweh gives up the responsibility to take care of them and allows them to suffer for their choices. -* **to be terrorized and plundered** - AT: "for the company to terrorize and plunder them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"against Jerusalem and Samaria and give them" + +# give them up + +Yahweh gives up the responsibility to take care of them and allows them to suffer. + +# to be terrorized and plundered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the company to terrorize and plunder them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cut them down + +This is an idiom. AT: "kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/48.md b/ezk/23/48.md index 44f1184e4e..6f684df055 100644 --- a/ezk/23/48.md +++ b/ezk/23/48.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So they will set your -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"So the company will set your." The word "they" refers to the "company" of people from [Ezekiel 23:47](./46.md). -## translationNotes +# set your shameful behavior against you -* **set your shameful behavior against you** - "cause you to accept responsibility for your shameful behavior" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bear the guilt of yours sins** - "accept responsibility for the guilt of your sins" +This is an idiom. AT: "cause you to accept responsibility for your shameful behavior" or "punish you for your shameful behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bear the guilt of your sins with your idols + +"accept responsibility for the guilt of your sins with your idols." This implies that they will be punished for their sins. AT: "receive the punishment for sinning by worshiping your idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/intro.md b/ezk/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..41aa33ae3a --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 23 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Israel and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/01.md b/ezk/24/01.md index 0a7d7479ea..7ee6729a9d 100644 --- a/ezk/24/01.md +++ b/ezk/24/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# The word of Yahweh came -* Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel. -* **the word of Yahweh came to me** - AT: "Yahweh spoke to me" -* **the king of Babylon has besieged Jerusalem** - The army of Babylon is referred to by its leader. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the ninth year + +"in the 9th year." This refers to how long they had been in exile under King Jehoiachin. AT: "in the ninth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month + +"the tenth day of the tenth month" or "the 10th day of the 10th month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# the king of Babylon has besieged + +The army of Babylon is referred to by its leader. AT: "the army of the king of Babylon has besieged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/03.md b/ezk/24/03.md index 113a27f477..a80ac26eea 100644 --- a/ezk/24/03.md +++ b/ezk/24/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +Yahweh speaks a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# this rebellious house -* **heap up the bones under it** - Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. AT: "place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire" +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "this rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gather pieces of food + +Here "food" refers specifically to meat. AT: "Place pieces of meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the best of the flock + +Here the "flock" refers to sheep, not birds. + +# pile up the bones under it + +Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. This refers to the bones that remained after the best bones were placed in the pot. AT: "place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/06.md b/ezk/24/06.md index 0348b0df9b..e36e9facd9 100644 --- a/ezk/24/06.md +++ b/ezk/24/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# the city of blood -* **a cooking pot** - Yahweh compares Jerusalem to a cooking pot. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **rust** - the red material that forms on metal. Rust eats away at metal and eventually destroys it -* **Take** - Yahweh does not give this command to a specific person, instead he is commanding some imaginary person who is part of the metaphor. -* **but do not cast lots for it** - Casting lots was a way of choosing which pieces of meat to take out, but because Yahweh wants to take out all of the pieces of meat, there is no need to cast lots. +Here "blood" is a reference to "murder." AT: "the city of murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a cooking pot + +Yahweh continues to compare Jerusalem to a cooking pot. AT: "it is like a cooking pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rust + +the red material that forms on metal. Rust eats away at metal and eventually destroys it + +# Take piece after piece + +Yahweh does not give this command to a specific person. This is a general command given to an unspecified person within this metaphor. + +# but do not cast lots for it + +Casting lots was a way of choosing which pieces of meat to take out, but because Yahweh wants to take out all of the pieces of meat, there is no need to cast lots. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/07.md b/ezk/24/07.md index fddf7f463b..f957f7b501 100644 --- a/ezk/24/07.md +++ b/ezk/24/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# For her blood is in the midst of her -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem. -* **her** - The word "her" refers to Jerusalem, which is represented by the cooking pot. -* **has set it on the smooth rock** - "has put the blood on bare rocks" -* **to cover it with dust** - "and cover it with dirt" +This means that the blood from those who were murdered in Jerusalem is still there. AT: "For the blood of those who were murdered among her is still there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# her + +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem, which is represented by the cooking pot. + +# She has set it on the smooth rock; she has not poured it out on the ground to cover it with dust + +This personifies Jerusalem as a person who murdered the people and chose where to put their blood. AT: "They were murdered on the smooth rocks; not on the dirt where the dust would hide their blood" or "Their blood fell on the smooth rocks; it did not fall on the ground where the dust would cover it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# has set it on the smooth rock + +"has put the blood on bare rocks" + +# so it brings fury up to exact vengeance + +Here Yahweh is speaking about himself taking revenge on those who murdered the people in Jerusalem. AT: "in order that I could see it and then be angry and get revenge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so it could not be covered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that no one could cover it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/09.md b/ezk/24/09.md index 11dcc6ebcc..fc67106bcc 100644 --- a/ezk/24/09.md +++ b/ezk/24/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# the city of blood -* Yahweh continues to compare Jerusalem with a cooking pot. -* **I will enlarge the pile of wood** - It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot, which represents Jerusalem. AT: "I will make the pile of wood under you even bigger." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Increase...Light...Cook...let the bones be well burned** - Yahweh gives these commands to imaginary people who are part of the metaphor. -* **Increase the wood** - "Use a lot of wood" -* **And let the bones be well burned** - AT: "And burn the bones." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "blood" is a reference to "murder." AT: "the city of murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will also enlarge the pile of wood + +It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. "I will make the pile of wood on the fire under you even bigger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# kindle the fire + +"light the fire" + +# let the bones be charred + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "burn the bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/11.md b/ezk/24/11.md index 9c2ef1f450..bea8910653 100644 --- a/ezk/24/11.md +++ b/ezk/24/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# scorch -* **scorch** - to burn the surface of something. -* **corrosion** - when something causes metal to break apart and rust. -* **consumed** - "burnt away" -* **She has become weary** - AT: "Jerusalem has become tired" -* **toil** - difficult labor. +to burn the surface of something + +# so its uncleanness within it will be melted, its corrosion consumed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to melt the uncleanness within it and to consume its corrosion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# uncleanness + +A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# corrosion + +"rust" + +# consumed + +"burnt away" + +# She has become weary + +Here the word "she" refers to the cooking pot. This is the cooking pot that is metaphorical for Jerusalem. AT: "Jerusalem has become tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# toil + +difficult labor + +# but her corrosion has not gone out of her by the fire + +The phrase "has not gone out of her" is an idiom. AT: "but the fire did not burn away her corrosion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/13.md b/ezk/24/13.md index b33fe4d24b..4f6af14bfe 100644 --- a/ezk/24/13.md +++ b/ezk/24/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# until my fury rests from you -* Yahweh continues to speak to Jerusalem by comparing it to a cooking pot. -* There are no other translation notes for this chunk +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people in his anger as if it were his "fury" that were punishing them. AT: "until I am finished punishing you and am no longer furious with you" or "until I have punished you and I am longer angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/14.md b/ezk/24/14.md index 262462ede4..ada2a22af1 100644 --- a/ezk/24/14.md +++ b/ezk/24/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through the end of this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# nor will I rest from it -* ** your activities, they will judge you** - what they have done proves they are guilty of sin. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +"nor will I rest from punishing you." The word "it" refers to Yahweh punishing the people. + +# As your ways were, and as your activities, they will judge you + +This speaks of Yahweh judging the people for their ways as if their "ways" were actually judging them. AT: "I will judge you by your activities and your ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/15.md b/ezk/24/15.md index 757fac6dfd..2fd9236b04 100644 --- a/ezk/24/15.md +++ b/ezk/24/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the desire of your eyes -* **the desire of your eyes** - This refers to Ezekiel's wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **mourn nor weep, and your tears must not flow** - AT: "express your grief" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **turban** - a head covering made of a long cloth wrapped around the head. -* **sandals** - a simple shoe held onto the foot with straps around the ankles. -* **do not veil your facial hair** - In Israel, men would shave their beards to express sorrow, then cover their faces until their facial hair grew back. Yahweh told Ezekiel to not cover his facial hair to show that he had not shaved his face to express his sorrow. +This refers to Ezekiel's wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. AT: "your wife, whom you love very much," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with a plague + +"by a disease" + +# you must not mourn nor weep, and your tears must not flow + +These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Ezekiel is not to cry about his wife dying. AT: "you must not mourn nor weep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the dead + +This refers to his dead wife. AT: "your dead wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# turban + +a head covering made of a long cloth wrapped around the head + +# sandals + +a simple shoe held onto the foot with straps around the ankles + +# do not veil your facial hair + +In Israel, men would shave their beards to express sorrow, then cover their faces until their facial hair grew back. Yahweh told Ezekiel not to cover his facial hair in order to show that he had not shaved his face to express his sorrow. AT: "do not mourn by veiling your facial hair" or "do not mourn by shaving and covering your beard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/18.md b/ezk/24/18.md index 5fabc5daf0..72d1fba43d 100644 --- a/ezk/24/18.md +++ b/ezk/24/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# In the morning -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk +"The next morning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/19.md b/ezk/24/19.md index 74b0646994..94938df9f5 100644 --- a/ezk/24/19.md +++ b/ezk/24/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:house:]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The people of Israel question Ezekiel, and Ezekiel tells them what Yahweh has said to them. -## translationNotes +# The word of Yahweh came -* The people of Israel question Ezekiel and Ezekiel tells them what Yahweh has said to them. -* **pride of your strength ** - AT: "pride in the building that you have made" -* **the desire of your eyes** - AT: "the building that you delight to look at" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the lusts of your soul** - AT: "your great desire to be better than other people" -* **fall by the sword** - AT: "be killed in war" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# I will desecrate my sanctuary—the pride of ... of your soul, and your sons + +"I will desecrate my sanctuary which is the pride ... of your soul. Your sons" + +# desecrate + +"defile" + +# the pride of your power + +This describes the temple as the building that the people are proud of. This speaks of it as being their "pride" instead of the source of their pride. AT: "the building that you are proud of" or "the source of your strong pride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the delight of your eyes + +Here Yahweh refers to the people by their "eyes." AT: "the building that you delight to look at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the yearning of your soul + +Here Yahweh refers to the people by their "soul" to emphasize their inner feelings. AT: "the building that you truly love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your sons and your daughters ... will fall by the sword + +This refers to their enemies by their swords. AT: "your sons and daughters ... will be killed in war" or "your enemies will kill your sons and your daughters ... with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/22.md b/ezk/24/22.md index 58f65cb232..5e88c60214 100644 --- a/ezk/24/22.md +++ b/ezk/24/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# you will melt away -* [[en:tw:ezekiel]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Here "melt away" is a metaphor for wasting away and dying. AT: "you will become very thin and slowly die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in your iniquities -* **you will melt away in your iniquities** - you will grieve intensely because of your sins (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **groan** - the sound a person makes who wants help, but pain or sorrow is so strong that they are not capable of speaking. +This implies that God will not forgive the sins of these people. AT: "and I will not forgive your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# groan + +This is the sound a person makes who wants help, but who has too much pain or sorrow to speak. + +# So Ezekiel will be a sign for you + +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 12:6](../12/04.md). AT: "So Ezekiel will be a warning for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/25.md b/ezk/24/25.md index 34553cd7fc..0d3cf18654 100644 --- a/ezk/24/25.md +++ b/ezk/24/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# that I capture their temple -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:report]] +Here Yahweh speaks of destroying the temple as if it were someone that he was capturing. AT: "that I destroy their temple" -## translationNotes +# which is their joy, their pride -* **refugee** - someone who has been forced to leave their country because of war or another disaster. -* **your mouth will be opened up** - "Yahweh will open your mouth" This describes someone being given understanding and the ability to speak about something. AT: "you will know what to say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **will speak—you will no longer be silent** - Both of these mean the people Israel will speak. It is said again as a negative to emphasis the positive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **will be a sign** - This refers to the people of Israel as a sign because they will help the refugees to understand why Jerusalem was destroyed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The abstract nouns "joy" and "pride" can be translated as noun phrases. AT: "which is what they are joyful about and what they are proud of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# refugee + +someone who has been forced to leave their country because of war or another disaster + +# your mouth will be opened up + +This can be stated in active form. Ezekiel being given understanding and the ability to speak is represented by his mouth being opened. AT: "I will open your mouth" or "you will know what to say" or "I will cause you to know what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will speak—you will no longer be silent + +Both of these phrases mean that Ezekiel will speak. In the second phrase it is stated in negative form to emphasize that he will speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# You will be a sign for them + +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 12:6](../12/04.md). AT: "You will be a warning for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/intro.md b/ezk/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a40f8cafc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Too many sins to be forgiven ##### + +The people of Jerusalem cannot be cleaned from their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Jerusalem is compared to a pot, so rusted that it cannot be cleaned from its rust. They have been completely rotted by their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/01.md b/ezk/25/01.md index 6015bfc13c..fe9b66de54 100644 --- a/ezk/25/01.md +++ b/ezk/25/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **the word of Yahweh came to me** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **set your face against** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:04:01]]. -* **the sons of Ammon** - "the descendants of Ammon" or "the Ammon people" or "those who live in the land of Ammon" -* **and prophesy against** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:04:06]]. +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# set your face against the people of Ammon + +This is a command to stare at the people of Ammon as a symbol of punishing them. AT: "stare at the people of Ammon" or "stare at the people of Ammon so that they will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set your face against the people of Ammon + +Ammon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see the people there, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/01.md). AT: "Turn toward the people of Ammon and stare" or "stare toward Ammon so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the people of Ammon + +"the descendants of Ammon" or "those who live in the land of Ammon" + +# prophesy against them + +"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them." This means to prophesy about the horrible things that will happen to the people of Ammon. See how you translated a similar phrase in in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/03.md b/ezk/25/03.md index 3aad023419..cde1580bb7 100644 --- a/ezk/25/03.md +++ b/ezk/25/03.md @@ -1,30 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:rabbah]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Yahweh tells Ezekiel what to say to the people of Ammon. -## translationNotes +# Hear the word of the Lord Yahweh -* Yahweh tells Ezekiel what to say to the people of Ammon. -* **the sons of Ammon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:25:03]]. -* **hear the word of the Lord Yahweh** - "Listen to this message from the Lord Yahweh" -* **thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **You have said, “Aha!” against** - The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they are happy about something. In this case the people were happy because bad things happened to Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: "You laughed at" or "You cheered against." -* **against my sanctuary when it was profaned** - "against my sanctuary when the enemy profaned it." Alternate translation: "when the enemy army defiled my temple" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and against the land of Israel when it was desolate** - Alternate translation: "and when the land of Israel was in ruins" -* **and against the house of Judah when they went into exile** - Alternate translation "and when they took the people of Judah away as slaves." -* **behold** - This can be translated as “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **I am giving you to a people in the east as their possession** - "I will cause an army from a land that is east of you to come and conquer you" -* **they will set up encampments against you and make their tents in you** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "They will set up tents and live in your country." -* **the people of Ammon a field for flocks** - Here "the people of Ammon" refers to the land that belonged to the people of Ammon. Alternate translation: "I will make the rest of the land of Ammon a field for flocks." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"Listen to this message from the Lord Yahweh" + +# you said, "Aha!" + +"you cheered." The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they are happy about something. In this case the people were happy because bad things happened to Israel and Judah. + +# over my sanctuary when it was profaned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "against my sanctuary when the enemy army profaned it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# against the land ... against the house + +"over the land ... over the house" + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# behold + +"indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# I am giving you to a people in the east as their possession + +This speaks of the enemy army conquering the land of Ammon and taking possession of the land and everything in it as if the enemy were taking the people of Ammon as their possession. It is not implied here that the enemy took the people of Ammon as slaves. AT: "I will cause an army from a land that is east of you to come and conquer you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will set up camp against you and set up their tents among you + +"They will set up tents and live in your country" + +# They will eat your fruit and they will drink your milk + +It may be helpful to specify the source of the fruit and milk. AT: "They will eat the fruit from your trees and drink the milk from your cattle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the people of Ammon a field for flocks + +Here the phrase "the people of Ammon" refers to the land that belonged to the people of Ammon. Also, the understood information at the beginning of this phrase may be supplied. AT: "I will make the rest of the land of Ammon a field for flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/06.md b/ezk/25/06.md index 1e4f64e969..30bc13535f 100644 --- a/ezk/25/06.md +++ b/ezk/25/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You have clapped your hands and stamped your feet -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +These actions are ways to show strong emotions. In this case the people are cheering and showing their contempt against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# all the contempt within you against the land of Israel -* **with all your contempt in your soul against the land of Israel** - Here the word "soul" refers to the place where human emotion comes from. AT: "with all of the hatred you feel towards the people who live in Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **behold** - AT: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **I will strike you with my hand** - AT: "I will hit you with my powerful hand" or "I will punish you" -* **and give you as plunder to the nations** - AT: "and I will cause the nations to come and take everything away from you" -* **and I will cut you off from the other peoples and destroy you! I will destroy you** - The phrases are repeated for emphasis. AT: "I will completely destroy you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **you will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +Here the phrase "the land of Israel" represents the people who live there. AT: "all of the hatred you feel towards the people who live in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# behold + +"indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# I will strike you with my hand + +"I will hit you with my powerful hand." Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. AT: "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# give you as plunder to the nations + +The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon but is also a metonym for their land and their possessions. AT: "I will allow enemies to defeat you and take you, your land, and your possessions as plunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will cut you off from the peoples ... make you perish from among the countries + +These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will completely destroy the people of Ammon so that they are no longer a nation. AT: "I will completely destroy you so that you are no longer a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/08.md b/ezk/25/08.md index f442c5af21..bedf28942c 100644 --- a/ezk/25/08.md +++ b/ezk/25/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Moab and Seir -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] +These places refer to the people who live in them. AT: "the people of Moab and Seir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **Behold!** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **I will open the slopes of Moab starting at his cities on the borders** - AT: "I will open the path to Moab by destroying the cities on its borders" -* **the splendor of Beth Jeshimoth, Baal-Meon, and Kiraiathaim** - Meon, and Kiraiathaim** - AT: "I will start at the great cities of Beth Jeshimoth, Baal-Meon, and Kiraiathaim." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **to the children of the east who were against the sons of Ammon** - AT: "I will send the same army from the nations in the east who attacked Ammon." -* **And I will give them up as a possession so the sons of Ammon will not be remembered among the nations.** - AT: "I will cause the armies to conquer Ammon so no one will even remember them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +"Indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# The house of Judah is + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "The Judah people group are" or "The people of Judah are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will open the slopes of Moab, starting at his cities on the border + +This means that he will destroy the cities on the border of Moab first to clear the way for the army to attack Moab itself. AT: "I will open the path to Moab by destroying the cities on its border" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# starting at his cities + +Here the city of Moab is spoken of with the masculine pronoun "his." AT: "starting at its cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the splendor of Beth Jeshimoth, Baal Meon, and Kiriathaim + +"I will start at the great cities of Beth Jeshimoth, Baal Meon, and Kiriathaim." These three places are cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to the people of the east who have been against the people of Ammon + +"I will send the same army from the people in the east who attacked Ammon" + +# I will give them up as a possession + +Here Yahweh speaks of allowing the armies from the east to conquer Ammon as if Ammon were a possession that he was giving them. AT: "I will allow the armies to conquer them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that the people of Ammon will not be remembered among the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the nations will not remember the people of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/12.md b/ezk/25/12.md index 438c624a3e..d7170ee6e4 100644 --- a/ezk/25/12.md +++ b/ezk/25/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Edom has taken -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +Here "Edom" refers to the people who live there. AT: "The people of Edom have taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Judah -* **I will strike Edom with my hand** - See how you translated the similar phrase "I will strike you with my hand" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:25:06]]. -* **from Teman to Dedan** - These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that God will destroy all of Edom. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They will fall by the sword** - The word "fall" represents being killed and "sword" refers to battle. AT: "Their enemies will kill them with their swords" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will strike Edom with my hand + +Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 25:7](./06.md). AT: "I will punish Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make them ... from Teman to Dedan + +"I will make all of Edom ... from Teman to Dedan." These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that Yahweh will destroy all of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They will fall by the sword + +The word "fall" represents being killed and the word "sword" refers to their enemies who will kill them in battle. AT: "Their enemies will kill them with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/14.md b/ezk/25/14.md index fbaf2839ae..6281c4b398 100644 --- a/ezk/25/14.md +++ b/ezk/25/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +Here the "hand" of Israel is a metonym for Israel's army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. The abstract noun "vengeance" can be translated with the verb "to punish." AT: "I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury -* **I will take my vengeance on Edom by the hand of my people Israel** - AT: "I will use my people Israel to take revenge against the people of Edom" -* **they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury** - AT: "they will show Edom my anger and fury" or "they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom" -* **So they will know my vengeance!** - AT: "So the people of Edom will know that I have taken revenge against them" -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - AT: "This is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "This is what the Lord says will happen" +"they will show Edom my anger and fury" or "they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom" + +# my anger and my fury + +The word "fury" means basically the same thing as and intensifies the word "anger." AT: "my furious anger" or "my extreme anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they will know my vengeance + +The abstract noun "vengeance" can be translated with the verb "to punish." AT: "the people of Edom will know that I have punished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/15.md b/ezk/25/15.md index fcf604612d..c9d74c63e7 100644 --- a/ezk/25/15.md +++ b/ezk/25/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The Philistines have taken vengeance with malice and from within themselves they tried to destroy Judah again and again -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +The phrase "from within themselves" is an idiom. AT: "The Philistines hate Judah and have tried to take revenge against it by their own strength again and again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# to destroy Judah -* **Because of what the Philistines have done through vengeance when they took vengeance with disdain in their soul to destroy Judah with very old hostility** - Here the word “soul” refers to the place where human emotion comes from. AT: "Because the Philistines hated the people in Judah and tried to take revenge against them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **I will reach out my hand against the Philistines** - AT: "I will turn my powerful hand against the Philistines" or "I will turn my great power against the Philistines" -* **I will cut off** - AT: "I will destroy" or "I will get rid of" (UDB) -* **Kerethites** - AT: "The people of Kereth." This is a people that lived in Philistia. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated the similar phrase "you will know that I am Yahweh" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +Here "Judah" refers to the people who live there. AT: "to destroy the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Behold + +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I will reach out with my hand against the Philistines + +Here Yahweh's power is represented by his "hand." AT: "I will turn my powerful hand against the Philistines" or "I will turn my great power against the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will cut off + +This is an idiom. AT: "I will destroy" or "I will get rid of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Kerethites + +"The people of Kereth." This is a people that lived in the city of Kereth in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/intro.md b/ezk/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c7d596417 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezekiel 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Prophecy against other nations ##### +This chapter includes prophecies against some Gentile nations. Ammon, Moab, Edom and Philistia will all be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/01.md b/ezk/26/01.md index 0305b39ade..fb04d53e58 100644 --- a/ezk/26/01.md +++ b/ezk/26/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# in the eleventh year -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"in year 11." This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. AT: "in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# on the first day of the month -* **The Word of Yahweh came** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:01]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **Tyre has said against Jerusalem** - AT: "the people of Tyre have said against the people of Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Aha!** - AT: "Yes!" or "Very good!" -* **The gates of the people are broken** - AT: "The armies have broken down the gates that protected the people inside of Jerusalem." -* **She has turned to me** - Cities are often referred to as "she." The word "me" refers to the people of Tyre. AT: "The people of Jerusalem are now running to us" -* **I will be filled up as she is ruined** - "We will become rich while Jerusalem is destroyed" +"on day 1 of the month." It is uncertain which month of the Hebrew calendar Ezekiel meant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# Tyre has said against Jerusalem + +Here the city names "Tyre" and "Jerusalem" represent the people of those cities. AT: "the people of Tyre have said against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Aha! + +The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they discover something. AT: "Yes!" or "This is great!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# The gates of the people are broken + +The people of Tyre use these words to refer to Jerusalem as if it were a city gate through which traders from the surrounding nations pass. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Armies have broken down the gates of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# She has turned to me + +Here the word "she" refers to the word "gates" which have "turned" on their hinges to open to Tyre. This phrase means that Tyre has now replaced Jerusalem as the city through which the traders from many nations pass. AT: "The gateway has opened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will be filled up + +Here to be "filled up" represents being prosperous. AT: "I will become prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# she is ruined + +"Jerusalem is ruined" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/03.md b/ezk/26/03.md index e298535831..9e7c6a9d6a 100644 --- a/ezk/26/03.md +++ b/ezk/26/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold! -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" -## translationNotes +# I will raise up many nations against you like the sea raises its waves -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **I will raise up many nations against you like the sea raises its waves** - Here the word "nations" refers to their armies. AT: "I will gather an army from the nations that is as great and powerful as the waves in the raging sea." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **tower** - a tall building used to watch for enemies or to hide in -* **I will sweep her dust away and make her like a bare rock** - AT: "I will cause the army to completely destroy the city, and they will leave nothing there so that it will be like a rock with nothing on it." +Here the word "nations" refers to their armies. AT: "I will gather armies from many nations that will beat against you like the waves in the raging sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will sweep her dust away and make her like a bare rock + +Yahweh speaks of how he will cause Tyre to be completely destroyed. AT: "I will cause the armies to completely destroy the city, and they will leave nothing there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/05.md b/ezk/26/05.md index c852df2dac..cfa408689b 100644 --- a/ezk/26/05.md +++ b/ezk/26/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# She will become -* **She will become** - Cities are often referred to as "she." AT: "Tyre will become" or "It will become." -* **a place for nets to dry out in the midst of the sea** - Part of Tyre was an island. AT: "an empty island used for drying fishing nets" or "a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets" -* **this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **plunder** - things that people have stolen -* **she will become plunder for the nations** - AT: "armies from the nations will steal everything from Tyre." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Her daughters who are in the field will be slaughtered by the swords** - AT: "The enemy armies will kill her daughters who are in the field." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Her daughters who are in the the field** - Villages were sometimes called the daughters of the cities that ruled over them. Possible meanings are 1) the small villages on that mainland that Tyre ruled over, or 2) the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields. -* **they will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated the similar phrase "you will know that I am Yahweh" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +The city of Tyre is spoken of here as if it were a woman. AT: "Tyre will become" or "It will become" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a place for nets to dry out in the midst of the sea + +Part of Tyre was an island. This expression is a metonym for the results of Tyre's destruction. AT: "an empty island used for drying fishing nets" or "a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# she will become plunder for the nations + +"Plunder" means things that people steal or take by force. Here Tyre becoming plunder represents its wealth being carried off by other nations. AT: "the armies of the nations will take away every valuable thing from Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Her daughters who are in the fields will be slaughtered by the swords + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy armies will slaughter with swords her daughters who are in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Her daughters who are in the fields + +Possible meanings are 1) "Her daughters" were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or 2) "Her daughters" is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. AT: "Her daughter communities who are on the mainland" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/07.md b/ezk/26/07.md index 1be6755993..7344907b6e 100644 --- a/ezk/26/07.md +++ b/ezk/26/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **Behold** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **the king of kings** - the most powerful king -* **I am bringing Nebuchadnezzar** - God is using Nebuchadnezzar to bring about his will. -* **cavalry** - soldiers who fight while riding on horses +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings + +The phrase "king of kings" was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a great many people + +This emphasizes the great size of Nebuchadnezzar's army. + +# He will kill + +Here the word "He" refers to Nebuchadnezzar and is a metonym for his army. AT: "His army will kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your daughters in the field + +Possible meanings are 1) "your daughters" refers to the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or 2) "your daughters" is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:6](./05.md). AT: "your daughter communities who are on the mainland." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/09.md b/ezk/26/09.md index 82964665dd..b5b24ce02e 100644 --- a/ezk/26/09.md +++ b/ezk/26/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hooves]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **He will place** - The word "he" refers to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon. -* **battering ram** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:04:01]]. -* **his tools** - "his instruments of war" -* **are assaulted** - Possible meanings are 1) "that enemies attack" or 2) "whose walls are broken down." -* **will trample** - "will crush" or "will stomp on" +The words "he" and "his" in these verses refer to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, and represent the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar's army doing these actions. The word "your" refers to the city of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will place his battering rams to hit against your walls, and his tools will tear down your towers + +Although the battering rams and tools are spoken of as acting against the walls and towers of Tyre, they would have been used by the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar's army against the walls and towers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# battering rams + +"Battering rams" are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:2](../04/01.md). + +# tools + +Weapons or instruments made of iron used to tear down the towers + +# When he enters your gates, he will enter as men come into a city whose walls have been broken down + +Here Yahweh uses a simile to describe how Nebuchadnezzar's army will enter into the city of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# whose walls have been broken down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after breaking down its walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/12.md b/ezk/26/12.md index e745748ab3..9b56f16622 100644 --- a/ezk/26/12.md +++ b/ezk/26/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. +The word "They" in these verses refers to the soldiers in the armies of Nebuchadnezzar. The words "your" and "you" refer to the city of Tyre. + +# They will plunder your riches and loot your merchandise + +The phrases "plunder your riches" and "loot your merchandise" mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# luxurious + +expensive and comfortable + +# Your stones, your timber, and the rubble + +These refer to what is left after the walls and homes are torn down. + +# into the waters + +"into the sea" + +# The sound of your harps will be heard no more + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will hear the sound of your harps anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will make you a bare rock + +This metaphor describes the results after Yahweh completely destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will become a place where nets are spread out to dry + +This metaphor also describes the results after Yahweh destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:5](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will become a place where nets + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will make you a place where nets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/15.md b/ezk/26/15.md index 1a11324991..901413a690 100644 --- a/ezk/26/15.md +++ b/ezk/26/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# Will not the islands quake ... in your midst? -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **Will not the islands quake...in your midst** - AT: "The islands quake ...in your midst." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **They will clothe themselves with fear** - AT: "They will be very afraid." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This question expects a positive answer and emphasizes the results of Tyre's destruction. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "The islands will quake ... in your midst." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will not the islands quake + +Here "the islands" represents the people living on the islands. AT: "Will not the people of the islands quake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# princes of the sea + +"princes of the coastlands" + +# They will clothe themselves with trembling + +This metaphor represents the princes trembling enough to seem like it was their clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# appalled + +"astonished" or "dismayed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/17.md b/ezk/26/17.md index 675e719616..16f365acda 100644 --- a/ezk/26/17.md +++ b/ezk/26/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. +In these verses, "They" refers to the "princes of the sea" in the previous verse, and "you" refers to Tyre. + +# lift up + +"sing" + +# How you, who were inhabited by sailors, have been destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "How your enemies have destroyed you—you who were inhabited by sailors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them + +The abstract noun "terror" can be translated using the adjective "terrified." AT: "caused all the people around them to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Now the coasts tremble on the day of your downfall. The islands in the sea are terrified, because you have died + +These two lines are similar in meaning and emphasize the response of the surrounding people to the destruction of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Now the coasts tremble + +Here "the coasts" represents the people living there. AT: "Now the people of the coastlands tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The islands in the sea are terrified + +Here "the islands in the sea" represents the people living there. AT: "The people of the islands are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have died + +The destruction of Tyre is spoken of as if it was a person who had died. AT: "you have departed" or "you exist no more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/19.md b/ezk/26/19.md index 4019177374..b8e697ea04 100644 --- a/ezk/26/19.md +++ b/ezk/26/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# When I make you -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **make you** - The word “you” refers to the city of Tyre. In the original language it is feminine singular, because nations were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_gendernotations]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The word "you" here refers to the city of Tyre. In the original language "you" here is feminine singular. + +# When I make you a desolate city, like the other cities that are not inhabited + +Here Tyre is compared to other cities that no longer had people living in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the deeps + +Here "the deeps" means the deep waters of the sea. AT: "the deep waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# then I will bring you down to the people of ancient times, like the others who have gone down into the pit; for I will make you live in the lowest realms of the earth as in ruins of ancient times + +What Yahweh would do to Tyre is compared to people going to the grave and cities falling into ruin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the pit + +This refers to the grave. Because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stand in the land of the living + +This represents being restored to the city's former existence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will place disaster on you + +The abstract noun "disaster" can be translated using the adjective "terrible" or the verb "destroy." AT: "I will bring you to a terrible end" or "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then you will be sought, but you will never be found ever again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then people will seek you but not be able to find you ever again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/intro.md b/ezk/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4bc8418a01 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Ezekiel 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter begins a section of prophecy against Tyre. The Babylonians will destroy Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/01.md b/ezk/27/01.md index c44726c813..4eefd8f1d5 100644 --- a/ezk/27/01.md +++ b/ezk/27/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# son of man -* -* **who live within the gates of the sea** - "who live at the gates of the sea." This phrase means 1) "who live by the ports of the sea" or 2) "who rule over the ports of the sea." +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# begin a lamentation + +The abstract noun "lamentation" can be translated using the verb "lament." AT: "begin to lament" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# say to Tyre + +Here the word "Tyre" represents the people living in Tyre. AT: "say to the people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who lives within the gates of the sea + +"who lives at the gates of the sea" or "who lives at the entry to the sea" + +# Tyre, you have said + +Here the word "Tyre" represents the people living in Tyre. AT: "People of Tyre, you have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am perfect in beauty + +The abstract noun "beauty" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful." AT: "I am perfectly beautiful" or "I am entirely beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/04.md b/ezk/27/04.md index 69999cadce..00bf5b6c3c 100644 --- a/ezk/27/04.md +++ b/ezk/27/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:fir]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **Your borders** - "The boundaries of your kingdom" -* **a mast** - a large pole on a ship that holds up the sails of the ship +"Your" and "you" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# General Information: + +The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your borders + +"Your boundaries" + +# heart of the seas + +"middle of the seas" + +# planks + +long, flat pieces of wood; thick boards + +# a mast + +a large pole on a ship that holds up the sails of the ship \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/06.md b/ezk/27/06.md index 42cecb4de5..546d0b0a78 100644 --- a/ezk/27/06.md +++ b/ezk/27/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:cyprus]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **oars** - long pieces of wood that people use to make the boat move -* **decks** - the parts of the boat that people can walk on -* **ivory** - a white, beautiful, and hard material that is made from the teeth of animals -* **sails** - large pieces of cloth that move a ship when the wind blows on them +"They" in these verses refers to the builders of Tyre. "Your" refers to Tyre. + +# oars + +long pieces of wood with flat blades at one end that people use to make a boat move + +# decks + +the parts of the boat that people can walk on + +# overlaid them + +"covered them" + +# ivory + +a white, beautiful, and hard material that is made from the long teeth of some animals + +# sails + +large pieces of cloth that move a ship when the wind blows on them + +# Your sails were made from colorful linen from Egypt that served as your banner + +The sails of the ship are compared to the banners or flags of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/08.md b/ezk/27/08.md index 69c27d105e..a6007dfbbc 100644 --- a/ezk/27/08.md +++ b/ezk/27/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* -* **pilots** - people who control where the ship goes -* **filled your seams** - "repaired you cracks" or "repaired you leaks" -* **sailors** - people who sail ships on the sea +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# Arvad + +This is the name of a small island off the coast of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# sages + +"wise men" + +# pilots + +A pilot is a person who controls where a ship goes by steering the ship. + +# Byblos + +This is the name of a city on the Syrian coast. Other versions call it by the name "Gebal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# filled your seams + +"repaired your cracks" or "repaired your leaks" + +# sailors + +A sailor is one of the team of workers on a ship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/10.md b/ezk/27/10.md index 29f776fa8a..7c99c04161 100644 --- a/ezk/27/10.md +++ b/ezk/27/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* -* **your men of war** - "men who fought in your wars" or "serving as your warriors" -* **they showed your splendor** - "they gave you your splendor" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# Persia, Lydia ... Libya ... Arvad ... Helek ... Gammad + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your men of war + +"men who fought in your wars" or "serving as your warriors" + +# your splendor + +The abstract noun "splendor" can be translated using the adjective "splendid." AT: "how splendid you were" or "how majestic you were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They completed your beauty + +The abstract noun "beauty" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful." AT: "They finished making you beautiful" or "They made you perfectly beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/12.md b/ezk/27/12.md index 37baa3f19c..ead2f47e99 100644 --- a/ezk/27/12.md +++ b/ezk/27/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:meshech]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:tubal]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **iron** - a hard metal that was good for making weapons and building things -* **tin** - the metal that is left after refining gold, silver or iron -* **lead** - a valuable metal that is very heavy and softer than other metals -* **Javan** - a nation on the western shore of Asia minor. It was also known as Ionia. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The word "your" in these verses refers to Tyre. + +# Silver, iron, tin, and lead + +metals that were used during that time period + +# wares + +"merchandise" + +# Javan + +This is the name of a coastal region also known as Ionia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They handled your merchandise + +"They traded for your merchandise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/14.md b/ezk/27/14.md index e16db36aa4..931f074418 100644 --- a/ezk/27/14.md +++ b/ezk/27/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* -* **stallions** - strong male horses -* **Merchandise was in your hand** - AT: "You owned goods." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "your" in these verses refers to Tyre. + +# Beth Togarmah ... Rhodes + +These were the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# stallions + +adult male horses + +# Merchandise was in your hand + +Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. AT: "You owned things that you sold to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# horn + +This refers to the tusks or elongated teeth of certain animals. + +# ebony + +a dark brown to black hardwood that is very dense or heavy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/16.md b/ezk/27/16.md index b2f9e65bfc..6c40d8f4ec 100644 --- a/ezk/27/16.md +++ b/ezk/27/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Aram]] -* [[en:tw:Damascus]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* -* **purple** - "purple cloth" or "purple yarn" -* **pearls** - beautiful pieces of hard white material that come from creatures in the sea -* **ruby** - a red stone that is very valuable -* **millet** - a small type of grain that people used to make bread -* **balsam** - a sweet smelling gum or resin that comes from a tree +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# Aram was a dealer + +Here "Aram" refers to the people of Aram. AT: "The people of Aram were dealers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dealer + +"trader" + +# emeralds + +An emerald is a type of green precious stone. + +# purple + +Here purple cloth or yarn is referred to by just its color. AT: "purple cloth" or "purple yarn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# pearls + +beautiful beads of hard white material that come from creatures in the sea + +# rubies + +A ruby is a type of red precious stone. + +# Judah and the land of Israel were trading with you + +Here "Judah and the land of Israel" refers to the people of those places. AT: "The people of Judah and Israel were trading with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Minnith ... Helbon ... Zahar + +These were names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# cakes + +The meaning of the Hebrew word translated here as "cakes" is uncertain. Other versions may translate it as another type of food. + +# balsam + +a sweet-smelling gum or resin that comes from a tree + +# enormous + +"abundant" or "great" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/19.md b/ezk/27/19.md index 7c75b6e708..2f3350a2bd 100644 --- a/ezk/27/19.md +++ b/ezk/27/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:arabia]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **cinnamon** - the type of spice that comes from the bark of a tree. "Cassia spice" is another name for this spice. -* **calamus** - a type of grass that people used as perfume and for medicine -* **saddle blankets** - a piece of cloth that people placed on horses beneath a saddle +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# Dan ... Javan ... Izal ... Dedan ... Arabia ... Kedar + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Dan and Javan + +This is a metonym for the people of Dan and Javan. AT: "The people of Dan and Javan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wrought iron + +a form of iron that can be shaped with a hammer + +# cinnamon + +This is a type of spice that comes from the bark of a tree. "Cassia" is another name for this spice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# calamus + +a type of grass that people used as perfume and for medicine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Dedan was + +This is a metonym for the people of Dedan. AT: "The people of Dedan were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# saddle blankets + +A saddle blanket is a piece of cloth that people place on a horse beneath a saddle or seat. + +# Arabia + +This is a metonym for the people of Arabia. AT: "The people of Arabia" or "The Arabians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/22.md b/ezk/27/22.md index 861b2d1c47..3172b1db97 100644 --- a/ezk/27/22.md +++ b/ezk/27/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:haran]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* -* **precious gems** - "valuable stones" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# Sheba ... Raamah ... Haran ... Kanneh ... Eden ... Sheba ... Ashur ... Kilmad + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# precious gems + +"valuable stones" + +# Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad + +This refers to the people from these places. AT: "The people of Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with the people of Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/24.md b/ezk/27/24.md index 3f8f3cd82c..76fb96c289 100644 --- a/ezk/27/24.md +++ b/ezk/27/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **ornate robes of violet cloths with woven colors** - "purple robes with many different colors" -* **blankets of multicolored, embroidered, and well-woven cloth** - woven cloth** - "blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality" -* **in the heart of the seas** - "in the middle of all the trading routes for sea-trade." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# These were your dealers + +"They traded with you" + +# ornate robes of violet cloths with woven colors + +"purple robes with many different colors" + +# blankets of multicolored, embroidered, and well-woven cloth + +"blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality" + +# The ships of Tarshish were the transporters of your merchandise + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The ships of Tarshish carried your merchandise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you were filled up, heavily laden with cargo + +Tyre's abundance is spoken of as if it was a ship that was full of cargo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heart of the seas + +"middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/26.md b/ezk/27/26.md index b1439cd1ad..791c8d1d4e 100644 --- a/ezk/27/26.md +++ b/ezk/27/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **Your rowers have brought you into vast seas** - "The people that row you have brought you out far into the sea" -* **in the middle of them** - "in the middle of the seas" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# General Information: + +The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your rowers + +"The people that row you" + +# vast seas + +"great waters" + +# the eastern wind + +"the strong wind from the east" + +# middle of them + +"heart of the seas" or "middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](./04.md). + +# sailors + +"seamen" + +# crew + +team of workers + +# depths of the sea + +"heart of the seas" or "middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](./04.md). + +# on the day of your destruction + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." AT: "at the time you are destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/28.md b/ezk/27/28.md index 521941d278..8192107f1c 100644 --- a/ezk/27/28.md +++ b/ezk/27/28.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **will wail bitterly** - "will shriek with extreme grief" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# Cities at the sea will tremble + +Here "Cities at the sea" represents the people in those cities. AT: "The people of the cities by the sea will tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# All those who handle oars + +"All the rowers" + +# wail bitterly + +"cry out sadly" + +# they will cast dust up on their heads. They will roll about in ashes + +These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/31.md b/ezk/27/31.md index 1978aaf5a1..4fa666283c 100644 --- a/ezk/27/31.md +++ b/ezk/27/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **will shave their heads bald** - "will shave their heads so that they have no hair" -* **Who is like Tyre** - AT: "No other city is like Tyre." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who has now been brought to silence** - AT: "who is destroyed." -* **ashore** - "on to the land" +The word "they" in these verses refer to the people mentioned in verses 28 and 29. The words "you" and "your" refer to Tyre. + +# They will shave their heads bald for you and bind themselves with sackcloth + +These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# bald + +having no hair on the head + +# They will lift up their wails of lamentation + +The abstract noun "lamentation" can be translated using the verb "lament." AT: "They will cry out and lament" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# dirges + +"funeral songs" + +# Who is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea? + +This question expects a negative answer and emphasizes Tyre being different from all other cities. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "No other city is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who has now been brought to silence + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "who its enemies have now silenced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When your merchandise went ashore + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "When people brought your merchandise ashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ashore + +"onto the land" + +# you enriched the kings of the earth + +"you made the kings of the earth rich" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/34.md b/ezk/27/34.md index 8e1b00f724..77a406ea9e 100644 --- a/ezk/27/34.md +++ b/ezk/27/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -* **were appalled at you** - "were shocked and terrified by what happened to you" -* **hiss at you** - "hiss out of grief for you." Hissing was a way of expressing grief. -* **you have become a horror** - "it has become terrifying for people to think about you" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# when you were shattered by the seas, by deep waters + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "when the seas, the deep waters, shattered you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shattered + +To "shatter" is to break up into pieces. + +# crew + +team of workers + +# were appalled at you + +"were shocked and terrified by what happened to you" + +# their kings shuddered in horror + +The abstract noun "horror" can be translated using the adverb "fearfully." AT: "their kings shuddered fearfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# shuddered + +"shook" or "trembled" + +# Their faces trembled + +Here "faces" represents the whole person. AT: "They appear to be trembling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hiss at you + +Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# you have become a horror + +The abstract noun "horror" can be translated using the adjective "dreadful." This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have become dreadful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/intro.md b/ezk/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7521354ad --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ezekiel 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +The prophecy against Tyre continues in this chapter. Tyre has become wealthy from trade as far as Spain, but Tyre will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Tyre is compared to a ship built with the very best materials. Despite its strength and power, Yahweh will destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/01.md b/ezk/28/01.md index a8b5e0a851..601c32491c 100644 --- a/ezk/28/01.md +++ b/ezk/28/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **in the heart of the seas** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:27:04]]. -* **you make your heart like the heart of a god** - "you think that you have the mind of a god" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# Your heart is arrogant + +Here "heart" represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. AT: "You are arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# arrogant + +"proud" + +# I will sit in the seat of the gods + +"I will sit on the throne of the gods." Here sitting in the seat of the gods represents claiming to be in the same exalted position as if he were one of the gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heart of the seas + +"middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md). + +# you make your heart like the heart of a god + +Here "heart" represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. AT: "you think that you have the mind of a god" or "you have allowed yourself to think that you are better than other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you think that you are wiser than Daniel + +Here the ruler of Tyre compares himself to Daniel the prophet in how wise he thought he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/04.md b/ezk/28/04.md index a2db85134a..e4b72f53f9 100644 --- a/ezk/28/04.md +++ b/ezk/28/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. -* **with wisdom and skill** - "by your wisdom and your understanding" -* **and obtained** - "and stored up" -* **treasuries** - places to store valuable objects and keep them safe +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre. + +# You have made yourself wealthy with wisdom and skill + +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "skill" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "skillful." AT: "You have become wealthy by your own wisdom and skill" or "You have become wealthy by being wise and skillful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# obtained + +"stored up" + +# treasuries + +places to store valuable objects and keep them safe + +# By great wisdom and by your trading, you have multiplied your wealth, so your heart is arrogant because of your wealth + +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "wealth" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "wealthy." AT: "By being very wise and by your trading, you have become more and more wealthy, so your heart is arrogant because of how wealthy you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your heart is arrogant + +Here "heart" represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. AT: "you are arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/06.md b/ezk/28/06.md index 1215c29a31..101527d8a0 100644 --- a/ezk/28/06.md +++ b/ezk/28/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. -* **you have made your heart like the heart of a god** - See how you translated "you make your heart like the heart of a god" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:28:01]]. -* **the beauty of your wisdom** - AT: "the beautiful city that you have built with you wisdom." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre. + +# you have made your heart like the heart of a god + +Here "heart" represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. See how you translated the similar phrase in [Ezekiel 28:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the beauty of your wisdom + +The abstract nouns "beauty" and "wisdom" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful" and the adverb "wisely." AT: "the beautiful things that you have so wisely made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# profane your splendor + +The abstract noun "splendor" can be translated using the adjective "splendid." AT: "profane how splendid you are" or "defile how majestic you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/08.md b/ezk/28/08.md index 37b36d2983..3e0476fd26 100644 --- a/ezk/28/08.md +++ b/ezk/28/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. -* **Will you truly say, “I am a god”** - AT: "You will not dare to say "I am a god." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +The word "They" refers to foreign armies. The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. + +# down to the pit + +Here "the pit" refers to the grave or to hell. AT: "down to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the heart of the seas + +"in the middle of the seas" + +# Will you truly say, "I am a god" to the face of one who kills you? + +This question expects a negative answer to emphasize the irony when one who claims to be a god is destroyed by men. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will not say 'I am a god' to the face of one who kills you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# to the face of + +Here the face represents being in the presence of another person. AT: "in the presence of" or "before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in the hand of + +Here being in the hand of someone represents being under their control. AT: "under the control of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by the hand of foreigners + +Here "hand" is a metonym for the actions of the foreigners' army. AT: "by an army of foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/11.md b/ezk/28/11.md index 0d6aec6862..795f7b87aa 100644 --- a/ezk/28/11.md +++ b/ezk/28/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came again to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came again to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to me a second time. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this second message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **The word of Yahweh came again to me** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **lift up a lament** - "sing a funeral song" or "sing a song of mourning" or "sing a sad song" (UDB) -* **You were the model of perfection** - Alternate translation: "You were perfect." -* **full of wisdom and perfect in beauty** - "very wise and very handsome" -* **Every precious stone covered you** - "you wore every kind of precious stone." This shows that the king was very wealthy. -* **carnelian, chrysolite, and onyx! Topaz, malachite, and jasper! Sapphire, emerald, and beryl!** - These are all precious stones of different colors. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **the day of your creation** - "the day you were created" or "the day that I created you" (ULB) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# lift up + +"sing" + +# You were the model of perfection + +The abstract nouns "model" and "perfection" can be translated using the words "completely" and "perfect." AT: "You were completely perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# full of wisdom and perfect in beauty + +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "beauty" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "beautiful." AT: "fully wise and perfectly beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Every precious stone covered you + +"You wore every kind of precious stone" + +# ruby, topaz, emerald, chrysolite, onyx, jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and beryl + +These are all precious stones of different colors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# settings and mountings + +pieces of metal that hold the precious stones + +# It was on the day you were created that they were prepared + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I prepared them on the day that I created you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# prepared + +"made ready" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/14.md b/ezk/28/14.md index d13fe7ba95..20871671fc 100644 --- a/ezk/28/14.md +++ b/ezk/28/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. -* **the fiery stones** - "the stones of fire." This probably refers to the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:28:11]]. -* **from the day you were created** - AT: "since the day that I created you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "you" in these verses refers to the king of Tyre. + +# cherub + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md). + +# the fiery stones + +"the stones of fire." Possible meanings are 1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./11.md) or 2) other fiery stones on the "holy mountain of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the day you were created until injustice was found within you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "since the day that I created you until I found injustice within you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/16.md b/ezk/28/16.md index 3c0b2ed3f9..e529e491ca 100644 --- a/ezk/28/16.md +++ b/ezk/28/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. -* **the fiery stones** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:28:14]]. -* **before** - "in front of" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. + +# great trade + +"large volume of trade" + +# you were filled with violence + +Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people The abstract noun "violence" can be translated using the adjective "violent." AT: "you and your people became completely violent" or "you and your peoplewere completely violent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# guardian cherub + +"guarding cherub" + +# the fiery stones + +"the stones of fire." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](./14.md). Possible meanings are 1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./11.md) or 2) other fiery stones on the "holy mountain of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your heart was arrogant + +Here the "heart" represents the whole person, emphasizing the person's thoughts. AT: "You were arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# arrogant + +"proud" + +# Your heart was arrogant with your beauty; you ruined your wisdom because of your splendor + +The abstract nouns "beauty," wisdom" and "splendor" can be translated using the adjectives "beautiful," "wise" and "splendid." AT: "Your heart was arrogant because you were beautiful; you became unwise because you were so splendid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# before + +"in front of" + +# so they may see you + +"so they may look at you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/18.md b/ezk/28/18.md index 4ca064825b..975844874f 100644 --- a/ezk/28/18.md +++ b/ezk/28/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. -* -* **they will be horrified, and you will never exist again** - See how you translated "you have become a horror, and you will never again exist" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:27:34]]. +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. + +# it will consume you + +"it will devour you." The fire is spoken of here as if it was eating him up. AT: "it will burn you up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# turn you into ashes + +This idiom means burning up until only ashes are left. AT: "burn you up to ashes" or "burn you up completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# shudder + +"shake" or "tremble" + +# you will be no more forever + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:36](../27/34.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/20.md b/ezk/28/20.md index 5108d40901..4587c2410d 100644 --- a/ezk/28/20.md +++ b/ezk/28/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **the Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **set your face against** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:04:01]]. -* **prophesy against** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:04:06]]. -* **Behold** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# set your face against Sidon + +Sidon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/01.md). AT: "Turn toward Sidon and stare" or "stare toward Sidon so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# prophesy against + +"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/06.md). + +# Behold! + +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# I will be glorified in your midst + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will reveal my glory among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when I execute justice within you + +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the verb "judge." AT: "when I judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will be shown to be holy in you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will use you to show you that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/23.md b/ezk/28/23.md index 1f7ce7f8e0..d45c61ff8a 100644 --- a/ezk/28/23.md +++ b/ezk/28/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:slain]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Sidon. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Sidon. -* **Then there will no longer be pricking briars and painful thorns for the house of Israel from all those around her who despise her people** - AT: "There will not be people anywhere around the people of Israel who wound them like briars that scratch and hurt them like thorns that cause pain and who refuse to show them any respect." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Sidon. + +# blood in your streets + +Here "blood" refers to the blood of the people of Sidon and represents those whom their enemies would kill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the slain will fall + +Here "the slain" means the people of Sidon whom their enemies would kill. AT: "the slain people will fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# When the sword comes against you + +Here "sword" is a metonym for an attacking enemy army. AT: "When enemy armies attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pricking briars and painful thorns for the house of Israel from all those around her who despise her people + +Here the briars and thorns represent what would cause suffering and pain. AT: "people anywhere around the house of Israel who wound them like briars, hurt them like thorns, and despise them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/25.md b/ezk/28/25.md index be9fc85925..497e1fce69 100644 --- a/ezk/28/25.md +++ b/ezk/28/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# among whom they were scattered -* -* **within her** - "in the land" +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "among whom I scattered them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so the nations may see + +"in such a way as the nations will see it" + +# my servant Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents the descendants of Jacob. AT: "the descendants of my servant Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# within her + +"in the land" + +# when I execute justice on all + +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the verb "judge." AT: "when I judge all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/intro.md b/ezk/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b9c623ed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The prophecy against Tyre concludes in this chapter. Tyre will be destroyed because of its pride and unfair business practices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/01.md b/ezk/29/01.md index 027b212df2..cfa3429e45 100644 --- a/ezk/29/01.md +++ b/ezk/29/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# In the tenth year -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +It can be stated clearly that this was the tenth year of Jehoiachin's exile. AT: "In the tenth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# in the tenth month on the twelfth day of the month -* * -* **the great sea creature** - "the huge monster that lives in the water." Yahweh begins to compare Pharaoh with a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"on the twelfth day of the tenth month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# set your face against Pharaoh + +This is a command to stare at Pharaoh as a symbol of punishing him and his people. Pharaoh was far away, so Ezekiel could not see him, but staring in his direction would be a symbol of harming him and his people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/01.md). AT: "turn toward Pharaoh and stare" or "stare toward Pharaoh so that he and his people will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# prophesy against him and against all of Egypt + +"tell the terrible things that will happen to him and everyone in Egypt" + +# the great sea monster + +"the huge creature that lives in the water." Yahweh calls Pharaoh a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/04.md b/ezk/29/04.md index 9bf93b6391..67f69e087e 100644 --- a/ezk/29/04.md +++ b/ezk/29/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh, speaking of him as though he were a monster in the water and the people of Egypt were fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# hooks -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh, comparing him with a monster in the water. -* **hooks** - sharp and bent pieces of metal or wood that people used to catch fish and other animals in the water -* **scales** - hard pieces of skin that are on fish, crocodiles, and other animals +sharp and bent pieces of metal or wood that people use to catch fish and other animals in the water + +# scales + +hard pieces of skin that are on fish, crocodiles, and other animals + +# you will not be gathered nor lifted up + +This can be stated in active form. The implication is that they would die in the wilderness. AT: "no one will gather you or pick you up" or "no one will gather your bodies and bury you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/06.md b/ezk/29/06.md index 50836de97d..c41222d965 100644 --- a/ezk/29/06.md +++ b/ezk/29/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -## translationNotes +# know that I am Yahweh -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -* -* **they have been a reed stalk** - Yahweh compares the people of Egypt and Pharaoh with a reed stalk because the people of Israel relied on the Egyptians to help them in war, but the Egyptians were not strong enough to help them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **reed** - a plant that grows near water and looks like very large grass -* **stalk** - the part of a reed that that is long and like a thick stick. People can use them like sticks, but the stalks of reeds are not as strong as wood and can break suddenly. -* **took hold of you** - The word "you" refers to Pharaoh. -* **you shattered their legs and made their hip to shake** - "you injured their entire hip" +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they have been a reed stalk + +The word "they" refers to the inhabitants of Egypt. A reed stalk is unreliable because it is easily broken. Yahweh speaks of them as a reed stalk because the people of Israel relied on the Egyptians to help them in war, but the Egyptians did not help them. AT: "they have been as unreliable as a reed stalk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# reed + +a plant that grows near water and looks like very large grass + +# stalk + +the part of a reed that is long and like a thick stick. People can use them like sticks, but the stalks of reeds are not as strong as wood and can break suddenly. + +# When they took hold of you in their hand + +God speaks of Israel relying on Egypt as if they were taking hold of a reed stalk in order to use it as a crutch. AT: "When they relied on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# When they took hold of you + +The word "they" refers to the Israelites and the word "you" refers to Pharaoh or Pharaoh and Egypt. + +# you caused their legs to be unsteady + +Because Egypt did not help the Israelites, the Israelites could not defend themselves against their enemy, the Babylonians. God speaks of the Israelites being unable to defend themselves as if their legs were unsteady. AT: "you caused them to be like people whose legs are unsteady" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/08.md b/ezk/29/08.md index 51594f0681..c2b01085ac 100644 --- a/ezk/29/08.md +++ b/ezk/29/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -## translationNotes +# Behold! -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -* **Behold** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **a sword against you** - The word "you" is feminine singular and refers to the nation of Egypt. Nations were often thought as if they were individual women. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_gendernotations]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_yousingular]]) -* **against you** - The word "you" is masculine singular and refers Pharaoh. -* **From the Migdol to Syene** - AT: "In all of Egypt" or "From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"Look!" or "Listen!" This word adds emphasis to what is said next. This is the Lord's message to Pharaoh. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# I will bring a sword against you + +Here "sword" is a metonym for battle, and "bring a sword against you" is a metaphor for causing an enemy army to come fight against Egypt. AT: "I will cause your enemies to come fight against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a sword against you + +The word "you" refers to the nation of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I will cut off both man and beast from you + +Here "cut off man and beast" is a metaphor for destroying the people and animals. God would do this by causing the enemy army to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am against you and against your river + +The word "you" refers to Pharaoh. God speaks to Pharaoh as if Pharaoh were a monster in the river. + +# I will give the land of Egypt over to desolation and waste + +"I will put Egypt into the power of desolation and waste." Desolation and waste are spoken of as if they were people who could be given power over Egypt. AT: "I will cause Egypt to become a desolate waste" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you will become a wasteland + +Here "you" refers to Pharaoh and represents Egypt, the country he rules over. AT: "your country will become a wasteland" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the Migdol to Syene and the borders of Cush + +This refers to all of Egypt. Where these places are can be stated clearly. AT: "throughout all of Egypt, from Migdol in the north to Syene in the south and the borders of Cush further south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Migdol + +This is the name of a place in the far northern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Syene + +This the name of a town in southern Egypt. It is now called Aswan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the borders of Cush + +These borders of Cush were south of Syene. Some versions say Sudan or Ethiopia, the modern names of countries south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/11.md b/ezk/29/11.md index 5c0e77f8e3..881b13c4c6 100644 --- a/ezk/29/11.md +++ b/ezk/29/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:disperse]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -## translationNotes +# No man's foot will pass through it -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -* **No beast’s foot will pass through it** - "No animal will walk through it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "man's foot" represents people. AT: "No man will walk through the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# no wild animal's foot will pass through it + +Here "animal's foot" represents animals. AT: "not even a wild animal will walk through it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# For I will make the land of Egypt a desolation + +The abstract noun "desolation" can be expressed with the adjective "desolate." AT: "For I will make the land of Egypt desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will scatter Egypt among the nations + +Here "Egypt" represents the people of Egypt, and "scatter" represents causing them to move to other places. AT: "I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations" or "I will make the people of Egypt go and live among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/13.md b/ezk/29/13.md index fbe8145a8a..df648acb1b 100644 --- a/ezk/29/13.md +++ b/ezk/29/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -## translationNotes +# I will gather Egypt -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -* **they were scattered** - AT: "I scattered them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will restore the fortunes of Egypt** - "will give Egypt what it had lost" -* **the region of Pathros** - the southern part of Egypt between the Delta and the land of Cush. This is also called Upper Egypt. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "Egypt" is a metonym for the people of Egypt, and "gather" is a metaphor for causing them to return to Egypt. AT: "I will cause the people of Egypt to return to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# among whom they were scattered + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "among whom I scattered them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will restore the fortunes of Egypt + +The phrase "fortunes of Egypt" is a metaphor for the people of Egypt who had been taken away to other countries. AT: "I will bring back the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the region of Pathros + +the southern part of Egypt between the Delta and the land of Cush. This is also called Upper Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a lowly kingdom + +Here "lowly" represents unimportant. AT: "an unimportant kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/15.md b/ezk/29/15.md index 788ec2b733..5fa917b604 100644 --- a/ezk/29/15.md +++ b/ezk/29/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -## translationNotes +# the lowliest of the kingdoms -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -* **The Egyptians will no longer be a reason for confidence for the house of Israel** - "The nation of Israel will no longer trust in the Egyptians" -* **when they turned to Egypt for help** - "whenever they went to Egypt for help" +Here "lowliest" represents least important. AT: "the least important of the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will not be lifted up any more among the nations + +Here "be lifted up" represents becoming important. AT: "it will not become important again among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will diminish them + +"I will make them small." Here "diminish them" represents making Egypt weak or unimportant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The Egyptians will no longer be a reason for confidence for the house of Israel + +The abstract noun "confidence" can be translated with the verbs "trust" or "rely on." AT: "The house of Israel will no longer trust in the Egyptians" or "The house of Israel will no longer rely on the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the house of Israel + +Here "house" represents the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" or "the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will be a reminder of the iniquity that Israel committed + +How Egypt would be a reminder can be stated clearly. The abstract nouns "reminder" and "iniquity" can be expressed with the verbs "remember" and "sin." AT: "when Israel sees what I do to Egypt, Israel will remember how Israel sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when they turned to Egypt for help + +Here "turn ... for help" is a metonym for "ask ... for help." AT: "whenever they asked Egypt to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/17.md b/ezk/29/17.md index 2f70fb5c5f..af9fbdf14e 100644 --- a/ezk/29/17.md +++ b/ezk/29/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# it came about -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# in the twenty-seventh year -* **the Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. +This was after King Jehoiachin and the people of Judah were taken as exiles to Babylon. AT: "in the twenty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on the first of the first month + +"on the first day of the first month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# to do hard work against Tyre + +The kind of hard work they did can be stated clearly. AT: "to work hard at attacking Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Every head ... every shoulder + +This refers to the heads and shoulders of the Babylonian soldiers. + +# Every head was rubbed until it was made bald + +Either their helmets or the heavy things they carried on their heads rubbed the hair off their heads. + +# every shoulder was made raw + +Either their armor or the heavy things they carried on their shoulders rubbed the skin off their shoulders. AT: "every shoulder was rubbed raw" or "every shoulder was rubbed bare" + +# he and his army received no payment from Tyre + +Here "payment" represents the valuable things that Nebuchadnezzar's army would steal from Tyre as a reward for defeating it. God speaks of these things as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. AT: "he and his army did not get any valuable things from Tyre as reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/19.md b/ezk/29/19.md index ba2bb07e14..516d059f04 100644 --- a/ezk/29/19.md +++ b/ezk/29/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold! -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] +"Look!" or "Listen!" This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" -## translationNotes +# I am giving the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +Yahweh speaks of causing the army of Babylon to defeat Egypt as if God were giving Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar. AT: "I will cause the army of Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, to defeat Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that will be his army's wages + +God speaks of these things that Nebuchadnezzar's army would take as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. AT: "his army will receive those things as if they were payment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/21.md b/ezk/29/21.md index 720748acc4..87b8ca1f88 100644 --- a/ezk/29/21.md +++ b/ezk/29/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will make a horn sprout up for the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +An animal horn represents the animal's strength, so horn is a metonym for strength. God speaks of making Israel strong as if Israel were an animal, and he were to cause its horn to grow. AT: "I will make the people of Israel strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel -* **I will make a horn sprout up for the house of Israel** - This phrase means "I will begin to restore the power of the house of Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in their midst** - "to them" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Here it refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Jacob whom God called Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" or "the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# speak in their midst + +"speak to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/intro.md b/ezk/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b6053d9970 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/01.md b/ezk/30/01.md index 1b4eccf30a..dd0e03d47e 100644 --- a/ezk/30/01.md +++ b/ezk/30/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Ezekiel tells about a message that Yahweh gave him. -## translationNotes +# The word of Yahweh came -* Ezekiel tells about a message that Yahweh gave him. -* **the Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **prophesy and say** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:21:08]]. -* **thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **Wail!** - "Cry out with grief." This command is to Egypt and the nations around Egypt. -* **Woe is the coming day** - "That day is very frightening" or "Very bad things will happen on that day" -* **The day is near** - It was implied that "the day" was the time when the people would wail. Alternate translation: "It will soon be the day when you will wail." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **The day is near for Yahweh** - It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. Alternate translation: "It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish people." -* **a day of clouds** - Alternate translations: "It will be like a day with dark clouds" or "It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **a time of doom for nations** - Alternate translations: "a time when terrible things will happen to the nations" or "It will be a time when the people of the nations will suffer" +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# Wail + +"Cry out with grief." This command is to Egypt and the nations around Egypt. + +# Woe is the coming day + +This exclamation expresses the fear that people would feel about a certain day when terrible and frightening things will happen. AT: "Oh that day" or "Oh, what a frightening day is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# The day is near + +"That day is soon" or "It will soon be that day" + +# The day is near for Yahweh + +It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. AT: "It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a day of clouds + +Dark storm clouds represent danger and fear. AT: "It will be like a day with dark clouds" or "It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a time of doom for nations + +The abstract noun "doom" can be translated with the phrase "terrible things will happen." AT: "a time when terrible things will happen to the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/04.md b/ezk/30/04.md index 76f32e4d9b..053f529b5d 100644 --- a/ezk/30/04.md +++ b/ezk/30/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -## translationNotes +# Then a sword will come against Egypt -* These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -* **Then a sword will come against Egypt** - The word "sword" here refers to war or an attack. Alternate translations: "There will be war against Egypt" or "An enemy army will attack Egypt." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **there will be anguish in Cush** - "Cush will be very sad" or "the people of Cush will be full of grief" -* **when the killed people fall in Egypt** - "when many people in Egypt are killed" or "when many people in Egypt die in the war." -* **when they take her wealth** - "The attackers will take away the wealth of Egypt" -* **when her foundations are ruined** - "The attackers will even ruin the foundations of the buildings in Egypt" -* **Libya** - Libya is a country west of Egypt. Ezekiel called this region Put. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Lydia** - This probably refers to the kingdom of Lydia which was in what is now Turkey. Ezekiel called this region Lud. -* **the people belonging to the covenant** - Possible meanings are 1) "the Jews who live in Egypt" or 2) "the other people in the lands of Egypt's allies." It is unclear whether "the covenant" refers to the agreement that Yahweh made with the Israelites or to an agreement that Egypt made with other people groups. -* **will all fall by the sword** - "will all die in battle" or "will all die in the war." This does not mean that every single person will die, but that many people from all of these countries will die. +The word "sword" here represents war or an army that attacks. AT: "There will be war against Egypt" or "An enemy army will attack Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there will be anguish in Cush + +The abstract noun "anguish" can be expressed in terms of how the people feel. AT: "the people of Cush will be very sad" or "the people of Cush will suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when the killed people fall in Egypt + +Possible meanings are that 1) "fall" is a euphemism for dying. AT: "when people in Egypt die in war" or 2) "fall" refers to their bodies falling and lying on the ground. AT: "when people in Egypt die in war and lie fallen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# when they take her wealth + +"when the attackers take away the wealth of Egypt" + +# when her foundations are ruined + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "when the attackers destroy the foundations of the buildings in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Cush and Put, Lydia and all Arabia, and Libya + +These names refer to the people of these countries. AT: "The people of Cush and Put, Libya, and all Arabia, and Lydia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Libya + +Libya is a country west of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Lydia + +This probably refers to the kingdom of Lydia which was in what is now Turkey. + +# the people belonging to the covenant + +Possible meanings are 1) the "covenant" refers to the agreement that Yahweh made with the Israelites. AT: "the Jews who live in Egypt" or 2) the "covenant" refers to an agreement that Egypt made with other nations. AT: "the people of the nations that had a covenant with Egypt" or "Egypt's allies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will all fall by the sword + +Here the sword represents battle. AT: "will all die in battle" or "will all die in the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will all fall by the sword + +The word "all" here is a generalization. It means that many people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/06.md b/ezk/30/06.md index 019518310f..88559921fc 100644 --- a/ezk/30/06.md +++ b/ezk/30/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh says this -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +"This is what Yahweh says." This sentence introduces what the Lord would say. -## translationNotes +# So the ones -* **Yahweh says this** - "This is what Yahweh says." This sentence introduces what the Lord would say. -* **So the ones** - "In this way, the peoples" or "In this manner, the nations" -* **who support Egypt** - "who help Egypt" -* **will fall** - "will die" or "come to ruin" -* **the pride of her strength will go down** - "the strength of Egypt, which made it proud, will be gone" or "the strength that made Egypt proud will come to ruin" -* **From Migdol to Syene** - Ezekiel names towns on the borders of Egypt in order to refer to all of Egypt. Alternate translation: "In all of Egypt" or "From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **their soldiers will fall by the sword** - "Egypt's soldiers will die by the sword." Alternate translation: "the attacking army will kill the soldiers of Egypt in battle." -* **So they will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands** - "The soldiers of the allies of Egypt will be appalled when they are left surrounded by nothing but abandoned lands" -* **in the midst of** - "among" or "surrounded by" -* **their cities will be among all the ruined cities** - "their cities will be surrounded by ruined cities in nearby nations" +"In this way, the peoples" or "In this manner, the nations" + +# who support Egypt + +"who help Egypt" + +# will fall + +"will die" or "come to ruin" + +# the pride of her strength will go down + +This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. AT: "Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong" or "Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# From Migdol to Syene + +Ezekiel names towns on the borders of Egypt in order to refer to all of Egypt. AT: "In all of Egypt" or "From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# their soldiers will fall by the sword + +Here "fall" represents dying, and "the sword" represents battle. AT: "Egypt's soldiers will die in battle" or "an attacking army will kill Egypt's soldiers in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# They will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands + +"The soldiers of the allies of Egypt will be appalled when they are left surrounded by nothing but abandoned lands" + +# in the midst of + +"among" or "surrounded by" + +# their cities will be among all the ruined cities + +Being "among" the ruined cities represents being ruined like the ruined cities of other countries. AT: "their cities will be ruined like the cities of other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/08.md b/ezk/30/08.md index a37e838fbb..46c12d6b1d 100644 --- a/ezk/30/08.md +++ b/ezk/30/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:doom]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -## translationNotes +# Then they -* These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -* **Then they** - Possible meanings are 1) "Then people" or 2) "Then the Egyptians." -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **when I set fire in Egypt** - Fire refers to the fires that often occurs in war. Alternate translation: "when I destroy Egypt with fire" or "when I send an attacking army to burn Egypt with fire." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **all of her helpers are destroyed** - Alternate translation: "I destroy all of the allies of Egypt" or "I break all those who help Egypt." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **messengers will go out from before me in ships** - "I will send out people in ships to do what I want them to do" or "I will send out people in ships to give my message to Cush." Yahweh will send people to destroy Cush so that the people of Cush will understand his message that only Yahweh is God. -* **to terrorize a secure Cush** - Alternate translation: "so that they will make Cush afraid, even though Cush thinks that it is safe from danger." -* **there will be anguish among them in the day of Egypt's doom** - "the people of Cush will also have great pain when I punish Egypt" -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “Indeed.” -* **It is coming** - "It" refers to the "great pain" or "great sorrow" that Cush will have when they are punished along with Egypt. +Possible meanings are 1) "Then people" or 2) "Then the Egyptians." + +# they will know that I am Yahweh + +Yahweh is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "they will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "they will realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when I set fire in Egypt + +Here "set fire in Egypt" represents sending an army to attack Egypt and set fires. AT: "when I send an army to burn Egypt with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all of her helpers are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I destroy all of the allies of Egypt" or "when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# messengers will go out from before me in ships to terrorize a secure Cush + +Messengers will bring the news of Egypt's destruction to Cush, who will be frightened by the news. + +# to terrorize a secure Cush + +"in order to frighten Cush, who now feels safe from danger" + +# there will be anguish among them on the day of Egypt's doom + +The abstract noun "anguish" and "doom" can be translated with the words "suffer" and "punish." AT: "the people of Cush will also suffer when I punish Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# behold! + +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as "indeed!" + +# It is coming + +"It" refers to the "great pain" or "great sorrow" that Cush will have when they are punished along with Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/10.md b/ezk/30/10.md index 099f0bd86f..e6cfc279aa 100644 --- a/ezk/30/10.md +++ b/ezk/30/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The Lord Yahweh says this -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] +The word "this" refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). -## translationNotes +# I will make an end of the multitudes of Egypt -* **The Lord Yahweh says this** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **I will make an end to the multitudes of Egypt** - Alternate translation: "I will make it so that Egypt will no longer have many people." -* **by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar** - Nebuchadnezzar will be the one who brings this punishment about. -* **He and his army with him, the terror of nations** - Alternate translation: "I will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his army, whom the nations are afraid of." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to destroy the land** - "so they will destroy the land." Yahweh will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his people so that they will destroy the land. -* **draw out their swords against Egypt** - "fight against Egypt" -* **fill the land with dead people** - This is an exaggeration to show that the Babylonians will kill very many Egyptians. There will be so many dead Egyptians that it will seem that their dead bodies cover all of the land of Egypt. Alternate translation: "they will kill so many people that it will seem like their dead bodies are everywhere" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]). +"I will make it so that Egypt will no longer have many people." + +# by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar + +Here "the hand" represents Nebuchadnezzar's military power. Nebuchadnezzar will be the one who brings this punishment about. + +# He and his army with him ... will be brought to destroy the land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his army ... to destroy the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He and his army ... will be brought to destroy the land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause him and his army ... to go destroy the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He and his army with him, the terror of nations + +Yahweh calls Nebuchadnezzar "the terror of the nations" because all of the nations are greatly afraid of his army. AT: "He and his army with him, the one who terrifies many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they will draw out their swords against Egypt + +Here "draw out their swords" represents fighting with their swords. AT: "they will use their swords and fight against Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fill the land with dead people + +This is an exaggeration to show that the Babylonians will kill very many Egyptians. There will be so many dead Egyptians that it will seem that their dead bodies cover all of the land of Egypt. AT: "they will kill so many people that it will seem like their dead bodies are everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/12.md b/ezk/30/12.md index e4dd395cb2..4777d478ee 100644 --- a/ezk/30/12.md +++ b/ezk/30/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -## translationNotes +# I will make the rivers into dry ground -* These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -* **I will make the rivers into dry ground** - "I will dry up the rivers of Egypt" -* **I will sell the land into the hand of wicked men** - Yahweh will give the Babylonians control over Egypt just as a person who sells something gives the one who buys it control over that thing. Alternate translation: "I will give control of the land to wicked men." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will make the land and its fullness desolate by the hand of strangers** - "I will cause people from another nation to destroy the land and everything in it" -* **its fullness** - "everything in the land" +"I will dry up the rivers of Egypt" + +# I will sell the land into the hand of wicked men + +Yahweh will give the Babylonians control over Egypt just as a person who sells something gives the one who buys it control over that thing. AT: "I will give control of the land to wicked men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make the land and its fullness desolate by the hand of strangers + +Here "hand of strangers" represents the actions of strangers. "I will cause people from another nation to destroy the land and everything in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# its fullness + +"everything in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/13.md b/ezk/30/13.md index 7218361fdb..06991ffb1b 100644 --- a/ezk/30/13.md +++ b/ezk/30/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The Lord Yahweh says this -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +The word "this" refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). -## translationNotes +# I will bring an end to the worthless idols -* **The Lord Yahweh says this** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **bring an end to the worthless idols** - "destroy the useless idols" -* **Memphis** - Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. It was near modern-day Cairo. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a prince in the land of Egypt** - "an important ruler in the land of Egypt" -* **I will put terror on the land of Egypt** - "I will make the people of Egypt very afraid" -* **Pathros** - This was a region in southern Egypt. -* **set fire in Zoan** - "I will burn Zoan with fire" -* **Zoan** - Zoan was another important city in Egypt. -* **Thebes** - This was the capital city of southern Egypt. +"I will destroy the worthless idols" + +# Memphis + +Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. It was near modern-day Cairo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a prince in the land of Egypt + +"an important ruler in the land of Egypt" + +# I will put terror on the land of Egypt + +Here "put terror on the land" represents causing the people of the land to be very afraid. AT: "I will make the people of Egypt very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pathros + +This was a region in southern Egypt. + +# set fire in Zoan + +"I will burn Zoan with fire" + +# Zoan + +Zoan was another important city in Egypt. + +# I will execute acts of judgment on Thebes + +The phrase "acts of judgment" refers to punishment. AT: "I will punish Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Thebes + +This was the capital city of southern Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/15.md b/ezk/30/15.md index 637c12813e..ca44c0beb6 100644 --- a/ezk/30/15.md +++ b/ezk/30/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -## translationNotes +# For I will pour out my fury on Pelusium -* These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -* **For I will pour out my fury on Pelusium** - "For I will act in anger against Pelusium" or "Because I am so angry, I will punish Pelusium severely" -* **Pelusium** - This was an important city in northern Egypt. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **cut off the multitude of Thebes** - "kill the very large number of people in Thebes" -* **Thebes** - See how you translated the name of this city in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:30:13]]. -* **Then I will set fire in Egypt** - "I will burn Egypt with fire" -* **will be in severe agony** - "will be in great pain" or "will feel great pain" -* **Thebes will be broken up** - "Thebes will be destroyed." Alternate translation: "Enemies will conquer Thebes." (See: ULB and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Memphis** - See how you translated the name of this city in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:30:13]]. -* **Memphis will have enemies every day** - Alternate translation: "The people of Memphis will be worried every day" +Here "pour out my fury" represents punishing the people because of his great anger. AT: "For I will act in great anger against Pelusium" or "Because I am so angry, I will punish Pelusium severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pelusium + +Pelusium is the name of a fortress in northern Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# cut off the multitude of Thebes + +Here "cut off" represents killing the people. AT: "kill the very large number of people in Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Thebes + +This was the capital city of southern Egypt. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:14](./13.md). + +# Then I will set fire in Egypt + +Here "set fire" is an idiom meaning "start a fire." AT: "I will start a fire in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Pelusium will be in great agony + +Here "Pelusium" is a metonym for the people of the city near Pelusium, and "be in great agony" can be translated with the verb "suffer." AT: "The people of Pelusium will suffer terribly" or "The people of Pelusium will feel terrible pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Thebes will be broken up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "enemies will break up the walls and buildings in Thebes" or "enemies will destroy the Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Memphis will face enemies every day + +Here "face enemies" represents seeing or having enemies. The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. AT: "The people of Memphis will have enemies every day" or "Enemies will fight against the people of Memphis every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Memphis + +Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 30:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/17.md b/ezk/30/17.md index 3c6e85ccd5..cd3fc89f8a 100644 --- a/ezk/30/17.md +++ b/ezk/30/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -## translationNotes +# Heliopolis and Bubastis -* These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -* **Heliopolis and Bubastis** - These were cities in northern Egypt. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **will fall by the sword** - The word "sword" is used here to refer to a battle or war. Alternate translation: "will die in battle" or "will die in the war." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **their cities will go into captivity** - "the people of their cities will become captives" or "the people will be taken away as prisoners." -* **Tahpanhes** - This was an important city in northern Egypt. -* **the day will hold back its light** - "the day will be dark." This implies that it will be a very scary time. Alternate translations: "It will be as if there is no light that day" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **when I break the yoke of Egypt there** - The word "yoke" here refers to Egypt's power to oppress people. Alternate translation: "when I stop Egypt from oppressing people" or "when I end Egypt's power to cruelly control other nations." -* **the pride of her strength will be finished** - "Egypt will not be proud of being strong anymore" or "that country will no longer be proud of being strong" (UDB) -* **There will be a cloud covering her** - "A cloud will be over Egypt" or "It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt." Possible meanings are 1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel, or 2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. -* **her daughters** - Possible meanings are 1) the people of the Egyptian towns or 2) the daughters of the Egyptian people -* **I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt** - "I will punish Egypt in many ways" -* **so they** - "so the Egyptians" -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +These were cities in northern Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# will fall by the sword + +The word "sword" is used here to refer to a battle or war. AT: "will die in battle" or "will die in the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their cities will go into captivity + +Here "cities" represents the people of the cities. The abstract noun "captivity" can be expressed with the more concrete noun "captive" or the verb "capture" AT: "the people of their cities will become captives" or "their enemies will capture their people and take them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Tahpanhes + +This was an important city in northern Egypt. + +# the day will hold back its light + +The day is spoken of as if it were able to keep its own light from shining. AT: "the day will be dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# when I break the yoke of Egypt there + +The word "yoke" here refers to Egypt's power to oppress people. AT: "when I stop Egypt from oppressing people" or "when I end Egypt's power to cruelly control other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the pride of her strength will be finished + +This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. AT: "Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong" or "Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# There will be a cloud covering her + +Possible meanings are 1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. AT: "It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt" or 2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. AT: "A cloud of dust will be over Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her daughters + +Possible meanings are 1) the people of the Egyptian towns or 2) the daughters of the Egyptian people + +# I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt + +The phrase "acts of judgment" refers to punishment. AT: "I will punish Egypt in many ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# so they + +"so the Egyptians" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/20.md b/ezk/30/20.md index baa52ad64b..982c148447 100644 --- a/ezk/30/20.md +++ b/ezk/30/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +God speaks of making Pharaoh's army weak as if he were to break Pharaoh's arm, and of the army not being able to become strong again as if Pharaoh's arm could not be healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Then it came about -* **Then it came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in the eleventh year** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:26:01]]. -* **in the first month** - "in the first month of that year" -* **the word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **verses 21 to 26** - This is a parable that has a lot of metaphors. In the parable, "arm" represents the power of a king. The word "sword" represents the power of a king in war. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **It is not bound up and able to receive medicine** - "His arm is not wrapped up and it does not have medicine on so it can heal" -* **bandage** - a soft piece of cloth that people put on wounds so that they will heal -* **so it will be not be strong enough to grasp a sword** - "so his arm will not be strong enough to use a sword" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# in the eleventh year + +This is the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). + +# in the first month, in the seventh day of the month + +"in the seventh day of the first month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# I have broken the arm of Pharaoh + +Here "arm" represents the powerful army of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# It has not been bound up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one has bound up his arm" or "No one has wrapped up his arm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# or set to heal with a bandage + +Here "set to heal with a bandage" refers to the arm being wrapped tightly in a bandage so that the parts of the bone will stay together and heal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/22.md b/ezk/30/22.md index a22e473e7e..3a99c835bc 100644 --- a/ezk/30/22.md +++ b/ezk/30/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +God continues speaking of Pharaoh's army as if it were a broken arm. He also speaks of strengthening the army of Babylon as if it were the arms of the king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# the Lord Yahweh says this -* **the Lord Yahweh says this** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **both the strong one and the broken one** - "both the arm that is healthy and the arm that is already broken" -* **I will make the sword fall from his hand** - "I will knock the sword out of the Pharaoh's hand" -* **Then I will scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands** - This says the same thing in two different ways to emphasize that Yahweh will punish the Egyptians very badly. Alternate translation: "Then I will certainly make the Egyptians leave Egypt and go to other countries." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **lands** - "countries" -* **I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon** - "I will make the arms of the king of Babylon strong" -* **He will groan before the king of Babylon** - When the king of Babylon comes to attack Egypt, Pharaoh will groan. -* **groan** - A groan is a loud noise that people make when they have a lot of pain or are dying. -* **with the groans of a dying man** - "as a man who is dying groans" or "like a man who is dying" +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:11](../03/10.md). + +# both the strong one and the broken one + +"both the arm that is healthy and the arm that is already broken" + +# I will make the sword fall from his hand + +"I will knock the sword out of Pharaoh's hand" + +# scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# lands + +"countries" + +# I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon + +"I will make the arms of the king of Babylon strong" + +# He will groan before the king of Babylon + +"When the king of Babylon comes to attack Egypt, Pharaoh will groan." + +# groan + +A groan is a noise that people make when they have a lot of pain or are dying. + +# with the groans of a dying man + +"as a man who is dying groans" or "like a man who is dying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/25.md b/ezk/30/25.md index 51289e7053..ecaa61dacb 100644 --- a/ezk/30/25.md +++ b/ezk/30/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disperse]] +God continues speaking of the armies of Egypt and Babylon as if the armies were the arms of their kings. He also speaks of making the army of Babylon strong to attack others as if he had a sword and put it in the Babylonian king's hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon -* **For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon** - "I will make the arms of the king of Babylon strong." -* **while Pharaoh's arms will fall** - "but Pharaoh will not be able to use his arms" or "Pharaoh's arms will be so weak that he cannot use them" -* **Then they** - The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the Egyptians" or 2) "all people who hear what Yahweh has done." -* **know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **for he will attack the land of Egypt with it** - "and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword" -* **I will scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands** - See how are you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:30:22]]. +Here "arms" are a metonym for the army. AT: "I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# while Pharaoh's arms will fall + +Here "Pharaoh's arms" is a metonym for his army, and "will fall" represents being weak. AT: "but Pharaoh's army will be unable to defeat enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then they + +The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the Egyptians" or 2) "all people who hear what Yahweh has done." + +# for he will attack the land of Egypt with it + +"and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword" + +# scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them through the lands + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/intro.md b/ezk/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..df2f832bbc --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. Babylon will destroy all the towns of Egypt and their allies will not be able to help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/01.md b/ezk/31/01.md index f16b4a75cb..6a098f3156 100644 --- a/ezk/31/01.md +++ b/ezk/31/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# it came about -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# in the eleventh year -* **it came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in the eleventh year** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:26:01]]. -* **the word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **In your greatness, who are you like?** - "Who is as great as you are?" Yahweh uses this question to introduce a new topic. Pharaoh thought that his nation was the greatest, but God is about to talk about another great nation. AT: "You think that there is no country whose power is as great as the power of your country." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"in year 11." This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). AT: "in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the third month, on the first day of the month + +"on the first day of the third month." This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. This first day is near the beginning of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# In your greatness, who are you like? + +"Who is as great as you are?" Yahweh uses this question to introduce a new topic. Pharaoh thought that his nation was the greatest, but God is about to talk about another great nation. AT: "You think that there is no country whose power is as great as the power of your country." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/03.md b/ezk/31/03.md index 3a1358705d..5db134e4b7 100644 --- a/ezk/31/03.md +++ b/ezk/31/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +These are God's words to Pharaoh about Assyria. God gives his message in the form of a parable about a great cedar tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold! -* These are God's words to Pharaoh about Assyria. God gives his message in the form of a parable about a great cedar tree. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **a forested canopy** - Possible meanings are: 1) "with so many branches that it provided good shade" or 2) "that provided shade for the other trees in the forest." -* **and great height** - "and very tall" -* **And its tree top was above the branches** - Possible meanings are 1) "Its top was above the branches of the other trees" or 2) "The top of the tree was in the clouds." -* **many waters made it tall** - "Because the cedar had a lot of water, it grew very tall" -* **the deep waters made it huge** - "the water deep in the ground made the cedar grow very big" -* **for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field** - "and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field." +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# Assyria was a cedar + +In this parable, God speaks about Assyria as if it were a great tree to emphasize how great and powerful the Assyrians were. This parable continues until 31:9. AT: "Assyria was like a cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# the branches formed its treetop + +"its top was above the branches of the other trees." Some versions of the Bible translate this as "the top of the tree was in the clouds." + +# Many waters made it tall + +"Because the cedar had a lot of water, it grew very tall" + +# the deep waters made it huge + +"the water deep in the ground made the cedar grow very big" + +# for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field + +"and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/05.md b/ezk/31/05.md index 1ce38729f6..bc5e03b773 100644 --- a/ezk/31/05.md +++ b/ezk/31/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## translationNotes +# Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field -* Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -* **Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field** - "The cedar was taller than any of the other trees of the field" -* **its branches became very many** - "it grew very many branches" -* **because of many waters as they grew** - "because it had a lot of water" -* **Every bird of the heavens nested in its branches** - "All kinds of birds that fly in the sky made nests in its branches" -* **while every living thing of the field gave birth to its young under its foliage** - "and all of the creatures that live in the field gave birth under the cedar's branches" -* **All of the many nations lived under its shade** - "all of the powerful nations lived in its shade" or "all of the great nations lived in the shade of that tree" (UDB) -* **It was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches** - "It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long" +"The cedar was taller than any of the other trees of the field" + +# its branches became very many + +"it grew very many branches" + +# because of many waters as they grew + +"because it had a lot of water" + +# Every bird of the heavens nested in its branches + +"All kinds of birds that fly in the sky made nests in its branches" + +# while every living thing of the field gave birth to its young under its foliage + +"and all of the creatures that live in the field gave birth under the cedar's branches" + +# All of the many nations lived under its shade + +"All of the great nations lived in the shade of that tree." Here "nations" represents the people who live there. AT: "The people from all the nations lived in the shade of that tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches + +"It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/08.md b/ezk/31/08.md index 395d952753..b8875662e7 100644 --- a/ezk/31/08.md +++ b/ezk/31/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] +Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## translationNotes +# Cedars in the garden of God could not equal it -* Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -* **Cedars in the garden of God could not equal it** - Since these were God's words to Pharaoh, it can also be translated as "The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree." -* **the garden of God** - This is another way of referring to "the garden of Eden." -* **None among the fir trees matched its branches** - Yahweh was comparing how many branches the trees had. Alternate translation: "None of the fir trees had as many branches as the cedar." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **fir trees** - Fir trees have have very many branches. Their leave are short green needles instead of flat broad leaves. They can grow very tall. -* **and plane trees could not equal its boughs** - This could be translated as "and plane trees did not have branches like the cedar tree." It was implied Yahweh was comparing the long branches of the cedar tree with the long branches of plane trees. Alternate translation: "and none of the plane trees had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree." -* **plane trees** - Plane trees are large, leafy trees with strong branches. They are similar to sycamore trees. -* **could equal it in beauty** - "was as beautiful as the cedar tree" -* **I made it beautiful with its many branches** - "I made the cedar beautiful by giving it many long branches." -* **envied it** - "were jealous of the cedar tree" +Since these were God's words to Pharaoh, it can also be translated with the first person. AT: "The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the garden of God + +This is another way of referring to "the garden of Eden." + +# None among the cypress trees matched its branches + +Yahweh was comparing how many branches the trees had. AT: "None of the cypress trees had as many branches as the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# cypress trees + +Cypress trees have very many branches. They can grow very tall. See how you translated "cypress" in [Ezekiel 27:5](../27/04.md). + +# the plane tree could not equal its boughs + +It was implied Yahweh was comparing the long branches of the cedar tree with the long branches of the plane tree. AT: "the plane tree did not have branches like the cedar tree" or "no plane tree had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# plane tree + +A plane tree was a large, leafy tree with strong branches. It is similar to a sycamore tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# was like it in its beauty + +"was as beautiful as the cedar tree" + +# I made it beautiful with its many branches + +"I made the cedar beautiful by giving it many long branches" + +# envied it + +"were jealous of the cedar tree" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/10.md b/ezk/31/10.md index 75a7482d4d..89296b1de3 100644 --- a/ezk/31/10.md +++ b/ezk/31/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## translationNotes +# Therefore the Lord Yahweh says this -* Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -* **thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **he raised the top of his tree above the branches** - Possible meanings are 1) “he raised his top above the branches of the other trees” or 2) “he raised the top of his tree into the clouds.” See how you translated a similar sentence in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:31:03]] -* **he raise the top of his tree** - This passage continues to refer to the king of Assyria, who was represented by the cedar tree. -* **and his heart was lifted up** - "he was very proud." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to that height** - "because it was so tall" (UDB) -* **I therefore grasped him by the hand of the mightiest ruler** - "I put him in the hand of the strongest nation." The word "hand" represents power. "I gave the strongest nation power over him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **This ruler acted against him** - "This nation did bad things to the cedar" -* **and drove him away because of his wickedness** - "and sent the cedar away from the cedar's land because the cedar was wicked" +Since Yahweh is speaking this can be stated in first person. AT: "Therefore, this is what I, Yahweh the Lord, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# it set its treetop between its branches + +"its top was above the branches of the other trees." Some versions of the Bible translate this as "the top of the tree was in the clouds." + +# I have given it into the hand of a mighty one of the nations + +The word "hand" represents control. AT: "I put it in the power of the strongest nation" or "I gave the strongest nation power over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have thrown it out + +"I sent the cedar away from the cedar's land because the cedar was wicked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/12.md b/ezk/31/12.md index a33dfd1b05..51a2729bcd 100644 --- a/ezk/31/12.md +++ b/ezk/31/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## translationNotes +# who were the terror of all the nations -* Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -* **who were the terror of all the nations** - "who made all the nations afraid" -* **cut him off** - "cut the cedar down" -* **then abandoned him** - "left the cedar all by himself" -* **and his boughs were broken** - "and the foreigners broke the boughs of the cedar" -* **boughs** - Boughs are very large branches that grow on trees. Usually, many smaller branches grow on the boughs. -* **went out from his shade** - "left the shade of the cedar" -* **and left him** - "left the cedar all by himself" +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "afraid." And here "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "who made the people of all the nations afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cut it off + +"cut the cedar down" + +# its boughs lay broken + +"the foreigners broke the boughs of the cedar" + +# boughs + +Boughs are very large branches that grow on trees. Usually, many smaller branches grow on the boughs. + +# came out from under its shade + +"left the shade of the cedar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/13.md b/ezk/31/13.md index bd2666c01c..c99f8aeec3 100644 --- a/ezk/31/13.md +++ b/ezk/31/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] +Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## translationNotes +# All the birds of the sky -* Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -* **All the birds of the heavens** - "All the birds that fly in the sky" -* **rested on its trunk** - This can be translated as "lived on the remains of the cedar" or "lived on the dead wood from the cedar that was laying on the ground" -* **trunk** - The trunk is a very thick part of the tree that comes out of the ground and holds up the rest of the tree. -* **the beasts of the field sat on its branches** - "the wild animals lived in the branches of the cedar" -* **watered trees** - "trees that get a lot of water" -* **would not raise their tree tops above the foliage** - Possible meanings are 1) "would not grow taller than the branches of other trees" or 2) "would not put their tops in the clouds." -* **for no other tree that drank up water would ever again grow that tall** - "and no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again" -* **For they were all handed over to death** - "For I gave them all over to death" or "For I made it so that they all will die." Yahweh is speaking. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **down to the lowest part of the earth** - "and I made it so that they all will go deep under the ground." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **in the midst of the people of mankind who go down the pit** - "to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave" +"All the birds that fly in the sky" + +# rested on the trunk of the fallen tree + +"rested on the remains of the cedar" + +# trunk + +The trunk is a very thick part of the tree that comes out of the ground and holds up the rest of the tree. + +# every animal of the field came to its branches + +"the wild animals lived in the branches of the cedar" + +# that no other trees that grow by the waters + +"that no other trees that get a lot of water" + +# will lift up their foliage to the height of the tallest trees + +"will grow taller than the branches of other trees." Some Bibles translate this as "will set their tops among the clouds." + +# that no other trees that grow beside the waters will reach up to that height + +"that no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again" + +# All of them have been assigned to death, to the earth below + +This can be stated in active form. And the abstract noun "death" can be stated "die." AT: "For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# among the children of humanity, with those that go down to the pit + +"to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave" + +# the pit + +This refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/15.md b/ezk/31/15.md index d1e0045567..95fd529aeb 100644 --- a/ezk/31/15.md +++ b/ezk/31/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. Here, Yahweh speaks about the great sadness caused by the tree being cut down as if even the waters, Lebanon, and the wild trees all mourned for the cedar. -## translationNotes +# On the day when the cedar went down to Sheol -* Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **On the day when he went down to Sheol** - The phrase "went down to Sheol" means "died." Alternate translation: "On the day that the cedar died" or "On the day that the cedar was chopped down." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I brought mourning to the earth** - "I caused the earth to mourn." It was as though Yahweh made the waters, Lebanon, and the wild trees all mourn for the cedar. -* **I covered the deep waters for him** - "I covered the water from the springs for the cedar." The word "covered" possibly refers to putting on cloths for mourning. Alternate translation: "I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar" or "it was as though the springs that watered it mourned for it." (UDB) -* **I held back the ocean waters** - "I kept the water in the ocean from watering the earth" -* **I kept back the great waters** - "I made it so that there would not be a lot of water anymore" -* **and I brought mourning to Lebanon for him** - "and I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar" +The phrase "went down to Sheol" means "died." AT: "On the day that the cedar died" or "On the day that the cedar was chopped down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I brought mourning to the earth + +The abstract noun "mourning" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I caused the earth to mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I covered the deep waters over it + +The word "covered" possibly refers to putting on clothes for mourning. AT: "I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar" or "it was as though the springs that watered it mourned for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I held back the ocean waters + +"I kept the water in the ocean from watering the earth" + +# I kept back the great waters + +"I made it so that there would not be a lot of water anymore" + +# I brought mourning to Lebanon for him + +The abstract noun "mourning" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/16.md b/ezk/31/16.md index 4a8de80bde..95adc33ab4 100644 --- a/ezk/31/16.md +++ b/ezk/31/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] +Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## translationNotes +# when I threw it down to Sheol with those who went down into the pit -* Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -* **when I threw him down to Sheol** - "When I threw that tree down to Sheol." This phrase means, "when I killed the cedar." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **with those who went down into the pit** - "with everyone else who had died and gone into the ground" -* **in the lowest parts of the earth** - "that were already deep down in the ground". This phrase means "that had already died." -* **The choicest and best trees of Lebanon, the trees that drink the waters** - "the best trees of Lebanon that everyone would want, trees that got a lot of water." These are the trees of Eden that were in the lowest parts of the earth. -* **the choicest** - "The choicest" is something that everyone would want because it is very good. +Here "threw it down to Sheol" is an idiom that means to kill. "The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:14](./13.md). AT: "when I killed the cedar and it went to Sheol with everyone else that is dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). + +# in the lowest parts of the earth + +"that were already deep down in the ground." This is an idiom. AT: "that had already died and are now in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the choicest and best trees of Lebanon; the trees that drank the waters + +"the best trees of Lebanon that everyone would want; trees that got a lot of water." This is describing the trees of Eden that were in the lowest parts of the earth. + +# the choicest + +This is something that everyone would want because it is very good. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/17.md b/ezk/31/17.md index dab5ce813e..b4c2e075c2 100644 --- a/ezk/31/17.md +++ b/ezk/31/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## translationNotes +# they also went down with it to Sheol -* Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -* **they also went down with him to Sheol** - "Those trees of Lebanon also died and went down to Sheol with the cedar" -* **who had been killed by the sword** - AT: "whom enemies had killed with swords" or "who had died in battle" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] ) -* **These were his strong arm** - "These trees of Lebanon were its strong arm." The phrase "strong arm" means "power." AT: "These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar" or "These trees strengthened the cedar." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Which of these trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness?** - "Which of these trees in Eden had as much glory as you and was as great as you?" God asks Pharaoh this question to show him that the parable applies to him and his country. It can start with "So Pharaoh" or "So Egypt." (See" [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For you will be brought down** - AT: "For I will bring you down" -* **with the trees of Eden** - AT: "like the other trees of Eden" -* **to the lowest parts of the earth** - "to a place deep in the ground" -* **among the uncircumcised** - AT: "where you will be with people who are not circumcised" -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +Here "went down ... to Sheol" is an idiom that means to die. AT: "those trees of Lebanon also died and went down to Sheol with the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who had been killed by the sword + +Here "sword" represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom enemies had killed with swords" or "who had died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# These were its strong arm + +"These trees of Lebanon were its strong arm." The phrase "strong arm" represents "power." AT: "These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar" or "These trees strengthened the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Which of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness? + +"Which of these trees in Eden had as much glory as you and was as great as you?" God asks Pharaoh this question to show him that the parable applies to him and his country. It can start with "So Pharaoh" or "So Egypt." AT: "None of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For you will be brought down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For I will bring you down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with the trees of Eden + +"like the other trees of Eden" + +# to the lowest parts of the earth + +"to a place deep in the ground" + +# among the uncircumcised + +"where you will be with people who are not circumcised" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/intro.md b/ezk/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ea0752dc54 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. God told Egypt to remember what happened to Assyria when it became proud. This same things will now happen to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/01.md b/ezk/32/01.md index 8256919d1f..1ee8784db1 100644 --- a/ezk/32/01.md +++ b/ezk/32/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Then it happened -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# in the twelfth month ... on the first of the month -* ** Then it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in the twelfth month of the twelfth year** - Possible meanings are 1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or 2) this happened in twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **You are like a young lion ... like a monster in the seas** - Possible meanings are 1) He was like a lion and a monster or 2) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster. -* **a lion among the nations** - He was stronger than others. -* **like a monster in the seas** - Possible meanings are that 1) he was powerful or 2) he was not doing anything important. -* **monster** - A monster is an animal that is big and scary. This one might be a crocodile. +This is the twelfth and final month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of February. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# of the twelfth year + +This refers to the twelfth year of the reign of King Jehoiachin. AT: "of the twelfth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# lift up + +"sing" + +# You are like a young lion ... like a monster in the seas + +Possible meanings are 1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or 2) he was like a lion and a monster. + +# like a young lion among the nations + +Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a monster in the seas + +Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# monster + +A monster is an animal that is big and dangerous. This one might be a crocodile. See how you translated this word in [Ezekiel 29:3](../29/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/03.md b/ezk/32/03.md index 86f8d3fc0f..b6c1c889d9 100644 --- a/ezk/32/03.md +++ b/ezk/32/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to speak of him as if he were a monster, perhaps a crocodile, in the water. -## translationNotes +# The Lord Yahweh says this -* Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to compare him to a monster that lives in the water. -* **The Lord Yahweh says this** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **So I will spread my net over you in the assembly of many peoples** - AT: "So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you." ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **they will lift you up in my net** - AT: "using my net, the peoples will pull you up out of the water" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I will abandon you in the land** - "I will leave you helpless on the land." The monster that was scary when it was in the water cannot do anything when it is left on dry land. -* **all the birds of heaven** - "all the birds that fly in the sky" -* **the hunger of all living animals on earth will be satisfied by you** - AT: "I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are not hungry anymore" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). + +# So I will spread my net over you in the assembly of many peoples + +God's punishment of Pharaoh is spoken of as if the king were the river monster caught in a net. AT: "So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will abandon you in the land + +"I will leave you helpless on the land." The monster that was fearsome and powerful when it was in the water cannot do anything when it is left on dry land. + +# all the birds of the heavens + +"all the birds that fly in the sky" + +# the hunger of all living animals on earth will be satisfied by you + +This can be put into active form. AT: "I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are hungry no longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/05.md b/ezk/32/05.md index 721107fd20..222902bd72 100644 --- a/ezk/32/05.md +++ b/ezk/32/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to compare him to a monster that lives in the water. -## translationNotes +# your worm-filled corpse -* Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to compare him to a monster that lives in the water. -* **your worm-filled corpse** - filled corpse** - "your rotting body" -* **Then I will pour your blood over the mountains** - AT: "I will flood the the land with your blood all the way to the mountains." -* **And the stream beds will be filled with you blood** - AT: "and I will fill the streams with your blood" or "and they will fill the streams with your blood" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The worms help the dead body to rot. AT: "your rotting body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the stream beds will be filled with your blood + +This can be put into active form. AT: "I will fill the streams with your blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/07.md b/ezk/32/07.md index 82394c514e..dcb64b5330 100644 --- a/ezk/32/07.md +++ b/ezk/32/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Pharaoh what he will do to Egypt. -## translationNotes +# when I extinguish you -* Yahweh continues telling Pharaoh what he will do to Egypt. -* **Then when I put out your lamp** - "when I snuff out your flame." Yahweh compares the way he will destroy Pharaoh to the way he would put out the flame of a lamp. AT: "When I destroy you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will cover the heavens** - Yahweh will cover the sky so that people on earth cannot see the light of the stars, sun and moon. -* **darken its stars** - "I will make the stars dark." They will have no light. -* **I will put darkness over your land** - "I will make it dark in your land" -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +It was common to speak of a person's life as if it were a lamp that could be put out. AT: "When I destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will cover the heavens + +Yahweh speaks of making the stars dark as if he were putting a cover over the sky. AT: "I will make everything in the sky go dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will put darkness over your land + +Darkness is spoken of as if it were something that someone could spread over everything. AT: "I will make it dark in your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/09.md b/ezk/32/09.md index bb9186fb56..a740268c07 100644 --- a/ezk/32/09.md +++ b/ezk/32/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh. -## translationNotes +# I will terrify the heart of many peoples -* Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh. -* **I will terrify the heart of many peoples** - AT: "I will make the hearts of many peoples afraid" or "I will cause many people to be terrified" -* **in lands you do not know** - The way that Yahweh destroys Egypt will be so scary that even people in lands that Pharaoh never knew about will hear about it. -* **when I bring your collapse among the nations** - AT: "when nations hear about the way I destroyed you" -* **I will shock many peoples concerning you** - "I will make many peoples horrified because of what happens to you" -* **their kings will shudder in horror concerning you** - AT: "their kings will be so scared about what happens to you that they will shake" -* **They will tremble constantly, each man** - AT: "Every one of them will keep shaking because of their fear" -* **on the day of your downfall** - AT: "when I destroy you" +Here "heart" represents the people's emotions. AT: "I will make the hearts of many peoples afraid" or "I will cause many people to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in lands that you do not know + +The way that Yahweh destroys Egypt will make afraid even people in lands that Pharaoh never knew about. + +# when I bring about your collapse among the nations + +The nation of Egypt, symbolized by its king, is spoken of as if it were a building that was collapsing. AT: "when nations hear about the way I destroyed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when I swing my sword + +Here swinging a sword represents using the sword. AT: "when I use my sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Every moment each one will tremble because of you + +Here "tremble" is an action that people often do when they are very afraid. AT: "Every one of them will keep shaking because of their fear" + +# on the day of your downfall + +The idea of falling down ("downfall") represents dying. AT: "when I destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/11.md b/ezk/32/11.md index 45dfd199ac..908dafabc0 100644 --- a/ezk/32/11.md +++ b/ezk/32/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh. -## translationNotes +# The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you -* Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh. -* **The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you** - The word "sword" refers here to an army. AT: "The army of the king of Babylon will attack you" -* **I will cause your servants to fall by warriors’ swords** - TA: "I will cause your people to fall because of the swords of mighty men" -* **each warrior a terror of nations** - AT: "Each warrior terrifies the nations" or “each one of them makes the nations afraid” -* **and destroy all of its multitudes** - "and kill the very large number of people that live in Egypt" +Here "sword" represents an army. AT: "The army of the king of Babylon will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# each warrior a terror of nations + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrifies" or "afraid." AT: "Each warrior terrifies the nations" or "each one of them makes the nations afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will devastate the pride of Egypt + +The abstract noun "pride" can be stated as "proud." AT: "will cause the Egyptians to no longer be proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# destroy all of its multitudes + +Here "all" is probably a generalization that refers to the killing of large numbers of soldiers, and perhaps other people also. AT: "kill a very large number of people who live in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/13.md b/ezk/32/13.md index 148365d7dc..2622e84866 100644 --- a/ezk/32/13.md +++ b/ezk/32/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# from beside the plentiful waters -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **all the livestock** - Livestock are animals that people have to eat and for other reasons. Cows, sheep, and goats are all livestock. -* **from beside the plentiful waters** - "from the places where there is a lot of water" -* **the foot of man** - "the feet of people" -* **Then I will calm their waters** - Possible meanings are 1) "I will make the water calm" or 2) "I will make the water clear." When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear. -* **make their rivers run like oil** - Oil flows slowly and smoothly. AT: "make the rivers run smoothly like oil" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +"in the places where there is a lot of water" + +# the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up + +The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# stir the waters + +make clear water muddy + +# the hooves of cattle stir them + +The hoof is a synecdoche for cattle. AT: "cattle stir them with their hooves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then I will calm their waters + +Possible meanings are 1) "I will make the water calm" or 2) "I will make the water clear." When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear. + +# make their rivers run like oil + +Oil flows slowly and smoothly. AT: "make the rivers run smoothly like oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/15.md b/ezk/32/15.md index 403eded6d1..027509263b 100644 --- a/ezk/32/15.md +++ b/ezk/32/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# When I make the land of Egypt an abandoned place -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **a land that was full** - AT: "a land that was full of living creatures" or "a land that was full of life" -* **When I attack all of her inhabitants** - "when I destroy all who live there" -* **know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **There will be a lament** - AT: "This is the song of mourning that people will sing" -* **the daughters of the nations** - Possible meanings are 1) "the women of other nations" or "people of other nations" -* **will lament over her** - The word "her" refers to the country of Egypt. -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +This can be put into active form. AT: "When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when the land is made bare of all its fullness + +"when the country is made to lose all its wealth" + +# when I attack all the inhabitants in her + +Here the idea of attacking represents destroying. AT: "when I destroy all who live in her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in her ... over her + +It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. AT: "in it ... over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the daughters of the nations + +Possible meanings are 1) "the women of other nations" or 2) "people of other nations" + +# over Egypt, over all her multitudes + +"about Egypt, about all her multitudes" or "about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/17.md b/ezk/32/17.md index 98925fc8ca..c96d58bc07 100644 --- a/ezk/32/17.md +++ b/ezk/32/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Then it happened -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new message. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# in the twelfth year -* **Then it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new message. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in the twelfth year** - Possible meanings are 1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or 2) this happened in twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **weep for the servants of Egypt** - "cry loudly for the army of Egypt" -* **throw them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations** - AT: "throw Egypt and the daughters of majestic nations down" -* **the daughters of majestic nations** - Possible meanings are 1) "the people of powerful nations"or 2) "other powerful nations." +Possible meanings are 1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or 2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# bring them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations + +God is perhaps telling Ezekiel to cause this to happen by giving a prophetic command. + +# her + +Once again, the land of Egypt is referred to as a woman. + +# the daughters of majestic nations + +Possible meanings are 1) "the people of powerful nations" or 2) "other powerful nations." + +# the lowest earth + +"to the places under the ground." When people died, they were put in the ground. So "bring them down ... to the lowest earth" means "make them die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with those who have gone down to the pit + +"with everyone else who has died and gone into the ground" + +# the pit + +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:16](../31/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/19.md b/ezk/32/19.md index 85e9fc3697..5f70c808eb 100644 --- a/ezk/32/19.md +++ b/ezk/32/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He speaks of the people of Egypt as if they were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **Ask them** - "Ask Egypt and her army" -* **Go down** - It is implied that they go down to Sheol. AT: "Go down to Sheol." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **They** - "Egypt and her army" -* **will fall** - "will die" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **who were killed by the sword** - AT: "whom enemies killed with swords" or "who died in battle" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Egypt is given to the sword** - AT: "Enemies will attack Egypt" -* **her enemies will seize her and her servants** - "Her enemies will drag off Egypt and her servants." -* **her servants** - Possible meanings are 1) Egypt's people or 2) Egypt's army. -* **about Egypt and her allies** - AT: "about the Egyptians and those who join them" +This is a question and command that the prophet is to ask the Egyptians. AT: "Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. Ask them all: 'Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Go down + +It is implied that they must go down to Sheol. AT: "Go down to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lie down + +as in death. If your language has a word for dead people lying down that is different from the word for live people lying down to sleep, use it here. + +# Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? + +This question really makes a statement. AT: "You are not more beautiful than anyone else." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# They + +"Egypt and her people" + +# who were killed by the sword + +The word "sword" is a metonym for a soldier who kills people with a sword.This can be put into active form. AT: "whom enemy soldiers killed with swords" or "who died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The sword has been drawn! + +The word "sword" here is a metonym for war that people fight with swords. This can be translated in active form. AT: "War has begun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# She has been given to the sword + +This can be put in active form. AT: "I have given Egypt to the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will seize her and her multitudes + +"her enemies will seize Egypt and her people" + +# about Egypt and her allies + +"about the Egyptians and those who join them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/22.md b/ezk/32/22.md index 1a73613546..a95fc6a940 100644 --- a/ezk/32/22.md +++ b/ezk/32/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. Because what God is showing Ezekiel may be for future time, either the present tense or the future tense is suitable for these verses and the following verses. -## translationNotes +# Assyria is there with all her assembly -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. -* **Assyria is there with all her assembly** - AT: "The people of Assyria and all her army are there in Sheol" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **All of them were killed by the sword** - AT: "All of them died by the sword" or "All of them had died in battle." See how you translated "who had been killed by the sword" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:31:17]]. -* **are set in the recesses of the pit** - "are in the deepest part of the pit" -* **all those who were killed, who fell by the sword** - AT: "all those whom enemies killed with swords" or "all those who died when enemies killed them in battle (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **those who brought terror on the land of the living** - "those who had caused people in the land of the living to be very afraid." AT: "those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" -* [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:32:19]] ]] +The land of Assyria is represented as a woman. AT: "The people of Assyria and all its army are there in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her assembly + +"all her people together" + +# all of them were killed by the sword + +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. This can be put in active form. AT: "Soldiers used swords to kill them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# are set in the recesses of the pit + +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:18](./17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all of those who were killed, who fell by the sword + +This can be put in active form. AT: "all those whom enemies killed in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fell by the sword + +The word "fell" here is a euphemism for "died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# those who brought terror on the land of the living + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "afraid." AT: "those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the land of the living + +This represents the people who were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/24.md b/ezk/32/24.md index 5f7dbc675c..bb6d011374 100644 --- a/ezk/32/24.md +++ b/ezk/32/24.md @@ -1,25 +1,71 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. -## translationNotes +# Elam is there -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. -* **Elam is there** - "The people of Elam are also there in Sheol" -* **her servants** - Possible meanings are 1) her many people or 2) her army. -* **Her graves surround her** - See how you translated "Her graves surround her" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:32:22]]. -* **all of them were killed** - AT: "Her enemies killed them all" (See: -* **Those who fell by the sword** - "who fell by the sword" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:32:22]]. -* **who have gone down uncircumcised** - "who were uncircumcised when they went down" -* **to the lowest parts of the earth** - "to places deep down in the ground" or "to the land deep down in the ground." See how you translated "in the lowest realms of the earth" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:26:19]]. -* **Who brought their terrors on the land of the living** - See how you translated "brought terror on the land of the living" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:32:22]]. -* **who now carry their own shame with them** - "who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" -* **They set a bedroll for Elam and all her servants** - "They gave beds to Elam and all her servants." -* **in the midst of the killed** - "with all the other people who were killed." -* **All of them are uncircumcised** - Possible implications are 1) they do not obey God or 2) The Egyptians hate them because they are not circumcised. AT: "they were godless" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Elam is among all those who were killed** - AT: "The dead people gave Elam a bed among themselves" +Here "Elam" refers to the people of that country. AT: "The people of Elam are also there in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# her multitudes + +Possible meanings are 1) her many people or 2) her army. + +# Her graves surround her + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:22](./22.md). + +# all of them were killed + +This can be put in active form. AT: "Her enemies killed them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Those who fell by the sword + +Translate "who fell by the sword" as in [Ezekiel 32:23](./22.md). + +# by the sword + +Here "the sword" is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. AT: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who have gone down uncircumcised + +"who were uncircumcised when they went down" + +# to the lowest parts of the earth + +"to places deep down in the ground" or "to the land deep down in the ground." See how you translated "in the lowest realms of the earth" in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/19.md). + +# who brought their terrors + +The abstract noun "terrors" can be stated as "afraid." See how you translated "brought terror" in [Ezekiel 32:23](./22.md). AT: "those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the land of the living + +This represents the people who were alive. See how you translated "the land of the living" in [Ezekiel 32:23](./22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who carry their own shame + +Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. AT: "who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the pit + +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](./22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They set a bedroll for Elam and all her multitudes + +Space being made in Sheol for the dead is spoken of as if the dead were given beds to lie on. AT: "They gave beds to Elam and all its people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the midst of the slain + +"with all the other people who were killed" + +# All of them are uncircumcised + +The Israelites did not respect people who were not circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pierced by the sword, because + +The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. AT: "their enemies have killed them with swords because" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Elam is among all those who were killed + +This is very similar to the first part of the verse. AT: "The dead people gave Elam a place to lie among themselves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/26.md b/ezk/32/26.md index c1cbb23ad2..537c94a19d 100644 --- a/ezk/32/26.md +++ b/ezk/32/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Meshech]] -* [[en:tw:Tubal]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. -## translationNotes +# Meshech ... Tubal -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. -* **all their servants** - Possible meanings are 1) "all their army" or 2) "all their many people." -* **Their graves surround them** - See how you translated "her graves around her" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:32:22]]. -* **All of them...land of the living** - See how you translated "All of them...land of the living" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:32:24]]. -* **Do they not lie** - Possible meanings are 1) this is the beginning of a rhetorical question that emphasizes that the people of Meshech and Tubal are dead or 2) this is a statement that says that they will not lie in honor with their weapons and swords. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **And their shields placed on their bones** - Possible meanings are 1) "And with their shields placed on their bones or 2) "But with their sins on their bones." If it is about their sins, it would mean that they still had a lot of guilt. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **For they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living** - AT: "because, while they were still alive, they made warriors very afraid" +See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 27:13](../27/12.md). + +# Their graves surround them + +See how you translated "her graves surround her" in [Ezekiel 32:22](./22.md). + +# killed by the sword + +Here "the sword" represents warfare. AT: "killed in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they had brought their terrors on the land of the living + +Causing people to fear is spoken of as if it were the act of bringing an object to them. The abstract noun "terrors" can be translated with a verb. AT: "they terrified everyone in the land of the living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# All of them ... land of the living + +See how you translated "All of them ... land of the living" in [Ezekiel 32:25](./24.md). + +# their iniquities over their bones + +The warriors' iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that their shields would cover them in death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living + +"while they were still alive, they made other warriors very afraid" + +# in the land of the living + +The time during which these warriors were living is spoken of as if it were a place. AT: "while they were alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/28.md b/ezk/32/28.md index 8c348018db..ca98d59b0a 100644 --- a/ezk/32/28.md +++ b/ezk/32/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# you ... will be broken -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **will be destroyed** - AT: "I will destroy you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in the midst of the uncircumcised** - AT: "along with uncircumcised people" -* **those killed by the sword** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:32:24]]. -* **Edom is there with her kings and all her leaders** - "Edom is in Sheol with her kings and all her leaders." AT: "the people of Edom are in Sheol with their kings and all their leaders." -* **They were powerful** - "They had a lot of power" +"Broken" here represents "destroyed." This can be put in active form. AT: "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the midst of + +"in the middle of" + +# those who were pierced + +The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](./24.md). AT: "those whose enemies have killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# by the sword + +This represents being in warfare. AT: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Edom is there with her kings and all her leaders + +Here "Edom" represents all the people of Edom. AT: "the people of Edom are in Sheol with their kings and all their leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the pit + +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](./24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/30.md b/ezk/32/30.md index 8d6c62b341..c66387b698 100644 --- a/ezk/32/30.md +++ b/ezk/32/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The princes of the north -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:slain]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +"The princes who ruled nations in the north" -## translationNotes +# are there -* **The princes of the north** - "The princes who ruled nations in the north" -* **are there** - "are in Sheol" -* **went down** - "went down to Sheol" -* **with the dead** - "with those who were killed" -* **who were killed by the sword** - See how you translated "who had been killed by the sword" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:31:17]]. -* **They carry their own shame, together with the others who are going down to the pit** - See how you translated "they carry their own shame with them, together with the ones going down to the pit" [[en:bible:notes:ezk:32:24]]. +"are in Sheol" + +# went down + +"went down to Sheol" + +# had been pierced + +The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 32:25](./24.md). AT: "whom enemies had killed with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# by the sword + +This represents being in warfare. AT: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They carry their own shame + +Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](./24.md). AT: "who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the pit + +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:29](./28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/31.md b/ezk/32/31.md index 056d8a2cce..fe5c173c56 100644 --- a/ezk/32/31.md +++ b/ezk/32/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Pharaoh will look -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +It can be made explicit who Pharaoh will see. AT: "Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# be comforted about all his multitudes -* **Pharaoh will look** - AT: "Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **and be comforted about all his servants** - It is implied that Pharaoh will be comforted because the armies of other great kings also died. AT "and will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who were killed by the sword** - See how you translated "who had been killed by the sword" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:31:17]]. -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **I made him cause terror in the land of the living** - AT: "While Pharaoh was still alive, I allowed him to terrify people" -* **he will lie down in the midst of the uncircumcised** - AT: "he will be with those who are not circumcised" +It is implied that Pharaoh will be comforted because the armies of other great kings also died. AT: "will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who were pierced by the sword + +See how you translated "who had been killed by the sword" in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). + +# I put him as my terrifying one in the land of the living + +"While Pharaoh was still alive, I made him to terrify people" + +# he will be laid down in the midst of the uncircumcised + +This can be put in active form. AT: "Others will lay him in the midst of the uncircumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/intro.md b/ezk/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..271a2bea75 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The prophecy against Egypt and its king concludes in this chapter. Egypt will have its army destroyed, just as happened to so many other nations. Beginning in verse 1, the land of Egypt is addressed through Pharaoh, its king, so God refers to Egypt as "he" and "him." However, beginning in verse 12, Egypt is referred to as "she" and "her," as if she were a woman. It was common in Hebrew for lands and countries to be referred to as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/01.md b/ezk/33/01.md index ae02301751..8971ffffdf 100644 --- a/ezk/33/01.md +++ b/ezk/33/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **The word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **a sword against any land** - The word "sword" refers to an enemy army that attacks. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **make him a watchman** - "appoint him as a guard" or "make him guard" -* **do not pay attention** - "ignore the warning" -* **each one's blood will be on his own head** - This phrase describes how God will hold them responsible for their own death. AT: "it is their own fault if they die." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# a sword against any land + +The word "sword" refers to an enemy army that attacks. Also, "land" refers to the people who live there. AT: "an army to attack the people of any land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make him a watchman + +"appoint him as a guard" or "make him guard" + +# He looks for the sword + +Here "sword" represents an enemy army. AT: "He looks for an enemy army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not pay attention + +"ignore the warning" + +# each one's blood is on his own head + +Here "blood" represents death. The phrase "on his own head" is an idiom that means the person will be held responsible. AT: "it is their own fault if they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/05.md b/ezk/33/05.md index f65d311799..a7056096e9 100644 --- a/ezk/33/05.md +++ b/ezk/33/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# his blood is on him -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -* **his blood is on him** - AT: "it will be his own fault that he dies" -* **save his own life** - "will keep himself from dying" -* **the sword as it comes** - The word “sword” refers to an enemy army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the sword comes and takes anyone's life** - "the sword comes and kills anyone" -* **that person dies in his own sin** - "that person dies because of his own sin" +Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "on him" is an idiom that means that person is considered responsible. AT: "it will be his own fault that he dies" + +# save his own life + +"will keep himself from dying" + +# the sword as it is coming + +The word "sword" refers to an enemy army. AT: "the enemy army as it is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with the result that the people are not warned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and he does not warn the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sword comes and takes anyone's life + +Here "sword" represents an enemy army. AT: "the enemy army comes and kills anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that person dies in his own sin + +"that person dies because of his own sin" + +# I will require his blood from the watchman + +Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "I will require his blood from" is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. AT: "I will consider that person's death to be the fault of the watchman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/07.md b/ezk/33/07.md index d96c4c02b8..baf4985af7 100644 --- a/ezk/33/07.md +++ b/ezk/33/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **from my mouth** - AT: "from me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **warn them on my behalf** - "warn them as my representative" or "give them the warning from me" -* **do not announce this** - "do not say this" -* **about his way** - "the way he acts" or "the things he does." See how you translated "your ways" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:07:03]]. -* **will die in his sin** - "will die because of his sin" -* **require his blood from your hand** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **turn back from it** - "stop acting in a bad way" or "stop doing bad things" -* **will have saved your own life** - "will have kept yourself alive" +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will hear the words from my mouth and warn them on my behalf + +Here "mouth" represents what Yahweh says. AT: "you will hear the message that I speak and you will warn them on my behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# warn them on my behalf + +"warn them as my representative" or "give them the warning from me" + +# do not announce this + +"do not say this" + +# about his way + +"the way he acts" or "the things he does." See how you translated "your ways" in [Ezekiel 7:3](../07/03.md). + +# I will require his blood from your hand + +Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "require ... from your hand" is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. AT: "I will consider you responsible for his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he might turn back from it, and if he does not turn back from his way + +A person no longer behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if he physically turns and goes back on a path. AT: "he might stop doing bad things, and if he does not stop doing bad things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will have saved your own life + +"will have kept yourself alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/10.md b/ezk/33/10.md index b8e1ff396a..c05c81127a 100644 --- a/ezk/33/10.md +++ b/ezk/33/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **You are saying this** - AT: "This is what you have said” -* **our transgressions and sins are on us** - Possible meanings are that they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or 2) they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **we are decaying in them** - "we are rotting away because of them." This phrase compares the way that sin destroys people to the way that flesh rots. TA: "they are destroying us" or "they are killing us." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **How can we live?** - The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. AT: "We have no hope of living" or "We will certainly die." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **As I live** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **if the wicked repents of his way** - "if the wicked person stops doing bad things" -* **For why should you die** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to day. AT: "Do not choose to die." +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You are saying this + +"This is what you have said" + +# Our transgressions and our sins are on us + +Possible meanings are 1) "on us" is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or 2) "on us" is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we are decaying in them + +"we are rotting away because of them." Being destroyed because of sin is spoken of as if the person's flesh were rotting. AT: "they are destroying us" or "they are killing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in them + +"because of them" + +# How can we live? + +The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. AT: "We have no hope of living." or "We will certainly die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# As I live + +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I do not delight in the death of the wicked + +The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "die." And the nominal adjective "the wicked" can be stated as "wicked people." AT: "It does not make me happy when wicked people die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# if the wicked repents from his way + +Here "way" represents how a person behaves. AT: "if the wicked person stops doing bad things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For why should you die, house of Israel? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to die. AT: "Do not choose to die, house of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/12.md b/ezk/33/12.md index affaa04870..767e346af1 100644 --- a/ezk/33/12.md +++ b/ezk/33/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins! -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -* **The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins!** - AT: "If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they were righteous before will not save them" -* **if he trusts in his righteousness** - "if he depends on his righteousness." The person think that because he was righteous Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. -* **commits injustice** - "does what is evil" or "does wicked things" -* **in the wickedness that he has committed** - "because of the wicked things he has done" +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." It is implied that they will not be saved from God's punishment. AT: "If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish + +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as the adjective "wicked." AT: "A person who does what is wicked will not perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if he trusts in his righteousness + +The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." AT: "if he depends on the right things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# commits injustice + +"does what is evil" or "does wicked things" + +# I will not call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "I will not think about" or "I will not recall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for the wickedness he committed + +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as the adjective "wicked" AT: "because of the wicked things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/14.md b/ezk/33/14.md index ba8b45adbb..c24442a2c4 100644 --- a/ezk/33/14.md +++ b/ezk/33/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# to the wicked -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -* **if he restores the loan guarantee** - "if he gives back the loan guarantee" -* **loan guarantee** - something a person leaves with another person to show that he will keep his promise to pay back what he has borrowed. -* **makes restitution for what he has stolen** - "returns what he has stolen" or "pays back the value of what he stole" -* **walks in the statutes that give life** - AT: "lives according to the laws that give life" -* **None of the sins that he has committed will be remembered concerning him** - AT: "I will not remember any of his sins" or "I will not hold any of his sins against him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The nominal adjective "the wicked" can be stated as "the wicked person." AT: "to the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# if he restores the loan guarantee + +"if he gives back the loan guarantee" + +# loan guarantee + +something a person leaves with another person to show that he will keep his promise to pay back what he has borrowed + +# makes restitution for what he has stolen + +"returns what he has stolen" or "pays back the value of what he stole" + +# walks in the statutes that give life + +Acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if it were walking. AT: "lives according to the laws that give life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be called to mind for him + +The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom that means to remember. The phrase "will be called" can be stated in active form. AT: "will I think about" or "will I recall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/17.md b/ezk/33/17.md index f03f2541d0..f6f58b2184 100644 --- a/ezk/33/17.md +++ b/ezk/33/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# your people -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -* **your people** - These are the people of Israel. The word "your" refers to Ezekiel. -* **but it is your ways** - The word "your" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "but it is their ways." -* **die in it** - "die because of the sin" -* **turns away from his wickedness** - AT: "stops doing wicked things" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **because of those things** - "because he does what is just and righteous" -* **you people** - These are the people of Israel. +These are the people of Israel. The word "your" refers to Ezekiel. + +# The way of the Lord ... your ways that are not fair + +Behaviors or actions is spoken of as if they were a way or road on which a person travels. AT: "What the Lord does ... the things you do that are not fair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but it is your ways + +The word "your" refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in third person. AT: "but it is their ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# turns away from his righteousness + +No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. AT: "stops doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# die in it + +"die because of his sins" + +# turns away from his wickedness + +No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. AT: "stops doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of those things + +"because he does what is just and righteous" + +# you people + +These are the people of Israel. + +# house of Israel + +Here "house" represents people. AT: "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/21.md b/ezk/33/21.md index 043f7d579e..1c9e2c752d 100644 --- a/ezk/33/21.md +++ b/ezk/33/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:criminal]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# the twelfth year ... fifth day ... tenth month -* **of our captivity** - "after we became captives." AT: "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **a fugitive came to me from Jerusalem** - "someone escaped from Jerusalem and came to me." The Babylonians had destroyed Jerusalem and killed the people of Jerusalem, but a few people escaped. -* **The city has been captured** - AT: "The Babylonians have destroyed the city." The phrase "the city" refers to "Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The hand of Yahweh had been on me** - See how you translated "the hand of Yahweh came upon him" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:01]]. -* **dawn** - "Dawn" is the time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears. -* **my mouth was open** - AT: "Yahweh opened my mouth." See how you translated "I will open your mouth" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:03:26]]. -* **I was no longer mute** - "I was no longer unable to speak" or "I was now able to speak" +"the 12th year ... 5th day ... 10th month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# on the fifth day of the tenth month + +This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# of our captivity + +Here "our" refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the time the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. AT: "after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a fugitive came to me from Jerusalem + +"someone escaped from Jerusalem and came to me" The Babylonians had destroyed Jerusalem and killed the people of Jerusalem, but a few people escaped. + +# The city has been captured + +The phrase "the city" refers to "Jerusalem." This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Babylonians have destroyed Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The hand of Yahweh had been on me + +The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh was controlling me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my mouth was opened + +This phrase is an idiom that means to be able to speak. It can be stated in active form. See how you translated "I will open your mouth" in [Ezekiel 3:27](../03/26.md). AT: "I was able to speak" or "Yahweh enabled me to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# dawn + +The word "dawn" refers to the time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears. + +# I was no longer mute + +"I was no longer forced to be silent" or "I was no longer unable to speak" Ezekiel had been unable to speak anything except prophetic words since [Ezekiel 3:26](../03/26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/23.md b/ezk/33/23.md index c90ff7a189..7f94ba49ec 100644 --- a/ezk/33/23.md +++ b/ezk/33/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# those ruins -* **the Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **those ruins** - Possible meanings are: "those ruined buildings" or "those ruined cities" -* **the land** - "the land of Israel" -* **The land has been given to us** - AT: "Yahweh has given us the land." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **as a possession** - AT: "so that we can possess it" or "as an inheritance." They were implying that since there were so many of them, they should possess it. +Possible meanings are 1) "those ruined buildings" or 2) "those ruined cities" + +# he inherited the land + +Yahweh giving the land to Abraham is spoken of as if Abraham inherited the land. AT: "Yahweh gave him the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land + +"the land of Israel" + +# The land has been given to us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has given us the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as a possession + +The abstract noun "possession" can be stated as "possess." AT: "so that we can possess it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/25.md b/ezk/33/25.md index b0b83e534c..eef8dca67b 100644 --- a/ezk/33/25.md +++ b/ezk/33/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You eat blood -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **you eat blood** - It is implied that they eat blood by eating meat that still has blood in it. Yahweh had commanded them drain out the blood. AT: "eat meat with blood in it." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **you lift up your eyes toward your idols** - "you look to your idols." This means "you worship your idols" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). -* **you pour out peoples blood** - AT: "you pour out blood." This means "you murder people." -* **Should you really possess the land?** - Yahweh used this question to rebuke the people. AT: "You should not possess this land" or "You do not deserve this land." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you have depended on your swords** - AT: "you have used your swords to get what you want." -* **done disgusting things** - AT: "done things that I hate very much" -* **each man defiles his neighbor's wife** - It is implied that they defile their neighbor's wives by having sex with them. AT: "Each man sleeps with other men's wives." +It is implied that they eat blood by eating meat that still has blood in it. Yahweh had commanded them to drain out the blood. AT: "You eat meat with blood in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you lift up your eyes towards your idols + +"you look to your idols" This is an idiom. AT: "you worship your idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). + +# you pour out people's blood + +Here "blood" represents a person's life. To pour out blood is an idiom that means to murder. AT: "you murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Should you really possess the land? + +Yahweh used this question to rebuke the people. AT: "You should not possess this land!" or "You do not deserve this land!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You have depended on your swords + +Here "swords" represent doing violent things. AT: "You have committed violent acts with your swords to get what you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# done disgusting things + +"done things that I hate very much" + +# each man defiles his neighbor's wife + +It is implied that they defile their neighbor's wives by sleeping with them. AT: "each man sleeps with his neighbor's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/27.md b/ezk/33/27.md index 985a4a8b38..3fba0af25c 100644 --- a/ezk/33/27.md +++ b/ezk/33/27.md @@ -1,27 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel. -## translationNotes +# As I live -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **As I live** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **fall by the sword** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues** - "plagues will kill the people who live in fortresses and caves" -* **fortresses** - A fortress is a building that people build to protect themselves from enemies who attack them. -* **caves** - Caves are natural holes in the side of a mountain or down in the ground. They are usually made of rock. -* **and a horror** - A "horror" is something that makes people very afraid when they see it. AT: "and people will be afraid because of it" -* **the pride of its might will end** - The word "it" refers to the land, which refers to the people of the land. Alternate translation: "the people of the land will not be proud anymore that they are strong ." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the mountains of Israel will be deserted** - "no one will lived in the mountains of Israel" -* **there will be no one to pass through them** - "there will be no one left to travel through the land or over the mountains" -* **know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **they have done** - "the people have done" -* **all the disgusting things that they have done** - "all the things they have done that I hate" +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the ones in the ruins will fall by the sword + +The phrase "fall by the sword" is an idiom. AT: "enemies will kill the ones living in the ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues + +"plagues will kill the people who live in fortresses and caves" + +# fortresses + +A fortress is a building that people build to protect themselves from enemies who attack them. + +# caves + +Caves are natural holes in the side of a mountain or down in the ground. They are usually made of rock. + +# a horror + +The abstract noun "horror" refers to something that makes people very afraid when they see it. This can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the pride of its might will end + +The word "it" refers to the land, which refers to the people of the land. AT: "the people of the land will not be proud anymore that they are strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the mountains of Israel will be deserted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will live in the mountains of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there will be no one to pass through them + +"there will be no one left to travel through the land or over the mountains" + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the abominations that they have done + +The abstract noun "abominations" can be stated as "things I hate." AT: "all the things they have done that I hate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they have done + +"the people have done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/30.md b/ezk/33/30.md index 9201594aad..d868dd26d7 100644 --- a/ezk/33/30.md +++ b/ezk/33/30.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# that comes out from Yahweh -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **that comes out from Yahweh** - AT: "that Yahweh sends" or "that Yahweh gives him" -* **Right words are in their mouths** - Possible meanings are 1) "Loving words are in their mouths" or 2) "Lustful words are in their mouths. AT: "With their mouths they say that they love me (UDB) or "With their mouths they talk about the things they lust after." -* **their hearts are going after unjust profit** - AT: "in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit" or "they want to get things in ways that are not just." They might do this my stealing things or tricking people. +"that Yahweh tells him to speak" or "that Yahweh gives him" + +# Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit + +Here "mouths" represent speaking. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit" or 2) AT: "They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their hearts are going after unjust profit + +Here "hearts" represents desire. AT: "in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit" or "they desire to get things in ways that are not just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/32.md b/ezk/33/32.md index 14b511714b..6fbb7a13e3 100644 --- a/ezk/33/32.md +++ b/ezk/33/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you are like a lovely song to them -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. -* **You are like a lovely song to them** - AT: "They think that you are like a lovely song" or "They think that your words are like a lovely song" -* **a lovely song** - Possible meanings are 1) "a beautiful song" or 2) "a love song" or "a song about love." -* **that is well-played on a stringed instrument** - played on a stringed instrument** - AT: "that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **stringed instrument** - something that has strings and people use to make music -* **when all of this happens** - The word "this" refers to all of the things that had God said would happen and that Ezekiel told the people about. -* **behold! it will happen** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “indeed, it will happen” -* **that a prophet has been among them** - This can be translated as "that I really sent you as a prophet." +Here "you" refers to Ezekiel, and here he represents the message he speaks. This compares Ezekiel's message to a lovely song, which means the people enjoy listening to him, but they do not think his message is important enough to obey. AT: "they think that your words are like a lovely song" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a lovely song + +Possible meanings are 1) "a beautiful song" or 2) "a love song" or "a song about love." + +# that is well played on a stringed instrument + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# stringed instrument + +something that has strings and people use to make music + +# when all of this happens + +The word "this" refers to all of the things that had God said would happen and that Ezekiel told the people about. + +# behold! + +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed!" + +# that a prophet has been among them + +"that I really sent you as a prophet to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/intro.md b/ezk/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f7c400b70 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 33 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### + +God does not want sinners to die. He wants them to repent and live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/01.md b/ezk/34/01.md index daf138db17..17f553f722 100644 --- a/ezk/34/01.md +++ b/ezk/34/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +In chapter 34, Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel were the shepherds that were supposed to care for the flock but have not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came -* **The Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **the shepherd of Israel** - This phrase compares the leaders of Israel that are supposed to take care of their people with shepherds who are supposed to take care of their flock. AT: "the leaders of Israel who are like shepherds. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **prophesy and say** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:21:08]]. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **are shepherding themselves** - AT "are feeding and taking care of themselves." -* **Should not shepherds guard the flock?** - "Should not shepherds feed and take care of the flock." Yahweh uses this question to scold the leaders for not taking care of the people. AT: "Shepherds should feed the flock and take care of it." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **You eat the fatty portions** - It is implied that the fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. AT: "You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats" or "You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **dress in wool** - "wear the wool from the sheep" -* **You slaughter the fatlings of the flock** - AT: "You kill the fatlings of the flock so that you can eat them" -* **the fatlings** - "the healthiest sheep and goats" or "the fattest sheep and goats" -* **do not shepherd at all** - "do not feed and take care of the flock" +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# the shepherds of Israel + +The leaders of Israel are spoken as if they were shepherds. They were supposed to take care of their people like shepherds take care of their flock. AT: "the leaders of Israel who are like shepherds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are shepherding themselves + +The leaders taking care of themselves instead of the people are spoken of as if they were shepherding themselves. AT "are feeding and taking care of themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Should not shepherds guard the flock? + +Yahweh uses this question to scold the leaders for not taking care of the people. AT: "Shepherds should feed the flock and take care of it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You eat the fatty portions ... dress in wool + +This continues speaking of the leaders of Israel as if they were bad shepherds that kill the best animals in their flock for food and clothing. AT: "You are like shepherds who eat the fatty portions ... dress in wool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You eat the fatty portions + +The fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. AT: "You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats" or "You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# dress in wool + +"wear the wool from the sheep" + +# the fatlings + +"the youngest and fattest sheep and goats" + +# do not shepherd at all + +"do not feed and take care of the flock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/04.md b/ezk/34/04.md index 3e419d9d36..ec47624ec8 100644 --- a/ezk/34/04.md +++ b/ezk/34/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -* **have diseases** - Possible meanings are 1) "are sick" or 2) "are weak" -* **bind up** - wrap a cloth around a broken bone or wound -* **the ones who are broken** - AT: "the sheep that have broken bones" or "the sheep that are injured" -* **you do not restore** - "you do not bring back" -* **the outcast** - "the sheep that have been chased away" or "the weak sheep that stronger sheep have chased away" -* **the lost** - AT: "the sheep or goat that has gotten lost" or "the ones that have wandered away" -* **through strength and violence** - "forcefully and cruelly" -* **without a shepherd** - "because they did not have a shepherd." AT: "because you did not do what the shepherd should do." -* **they became food for all the living beasts in the fields** - AT: "all of the wild animals could attack and eat them" -* **it is dispersed over the entire surface of the earth** - "my flock is spread out all over the earth" +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have diseases + +Possible meanings are 1) "are sick" or 2) "are weak" + +# You do not bind up the ones who are broken + +"You do not wrap cloth around the broken bones of those who are wounded" + +# the ones who are broken + +"the sheep that have broken bones" or "the sheep that are injured" + +# you do not restore + +"you do not bring back" + +# the outcasts + +"the sheep that have been chased away" or "those that others have chased away" + +# the lost + +The words "the sheep or goats" are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. AT: "the sheep or goats that are lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# through strength and violence + +"forcefully and cruelly" + +# Then they were scattered without a shepherd + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then they scattered because they did not have a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they became food for all the living beasts in the fields + +"all of the wild animals could attack and eat them" + +# it is dispersed over the entire surface of the earth + +"my flock is spread out all over the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/07.md b/ezk/34/07.md index 1e7bb3944c..4ba9de6b17 100644 --- a/ezk/34/07.md +++ b/ezk/34/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -* **the declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated "This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration" in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **As I live** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **Because my flock has become plunder and food for all the living beasts in the fields** - "Because the beasts in the field have been able to steal my flock and eat them" -* **plunder** - things that are stolen. AT: "easy to steal" or "easy to kill" -* **the beasts in the fields** - AT: "the wild animals" -* **because there was no shepherd** - "because they did not have a shepherd" -* **none of my shepherds sought my flock** - "none of my shepherds tried to find my flock" -* **guarded themselves** - "shepherded themselves" or "fed and cared for themselves" -* **did not shepherd my flock** - "did not feed and care for my flock" +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hear the word of Yahweh + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "listen to Yahweh's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# As I live + +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# because my flock has become plunder and food for all the beasts in the fields + +This can be stated in the active form. AT: "because all the beasts in the fields steal my flock and eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# plunder + +things that are stolen + +# all the beasts in the fields + +Here "all" is a generalization that refers to all the wild animals that eat sheep. AT: "all the wild animals in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# because there was no shepherd + +"because they did not have a shepherd" + +# none of my shepherds sought my flock + +"none of my shepherds tried to find my flock" + +# guarded themselves + +"shepherded themselves" or "fed and cared for themselves" + +# did not shepherd my flock + +"did not feed and care for my flock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/09.md b/ezk/34/09.md index cd41fd83ce..107d11f38e 100644 --- a/ezk/34/09.md +++ b/ezk/34/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -* **Therefore, shepherds, hear the declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:34:07]]. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” -* **am against the shepherds** - This can be translated as "will punish the shepherds." -* **I will require my flock from their hand** - AT: "I will hold them responsible for all the bad things that happen to my flock" or "I will punish them for all the bad things they let happen to my flock." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* ** I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock** - "I will not let them shepherd the flock anymore" or "I will not let them be the shepherds of the flock anymore" -* **shepherd themselves** - "feed and take care of themselves" -* **from their mouths** - AT: "so they will not be able to eat them." -* ** my flock will no longer be food for them** - "the shepherds will no longer eat the sheep and the goats of my flock" +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hear the word of Yahweh + +"listen to Yahweh's message." This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The Lord Yahweh says this + +This can be stated in the first person. AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Behold! + +The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed!" + +# I am against the shepherds + +"I am opposed to the shepherds" + +# I will require my flock from their hand + +The phrase "require ... from their hand" is an idiom that means to hold or consider someone responsible for something. AT: "I will hold them responsible for all the bad things that happen to my flock" or "I will punish them for all the bad things they let happen to my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock + +"I will not let them shepherd the flock any longer" or "I will not let them be the shepherds of the flock any longer" + +# shepherd themselves + +"feed and take care of themselves" + +# from their mouths + +Here "mouths" represent eating. AT: "so they cannot eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my flock will no longer be food for them + +"the shepherds will no longer eat the sheep and the goats of my flock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/11.md b/ezk/34/11.md index 967b11d39e..856e06c3cb 100644 --- a/ezk/34/11.md +++ b/ezk/34/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -* **thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts the shepherds to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **will seek out** - "will look for" -* **within the midst of his scattered flock** - "with his scattered flock" -* **scattered** - The flock is not is one place. The sheep and the goats are in many different places where they are lost and in danger. -* **on the day of clouds and darkness** - "on the cloudy and dark day." This refers to when many disasters happened. AT: "when terrible disasters happened to them." -* **bring them** - "bring my sheep and my goats" -* **from among the peoples** - "from the places where they lived with other peoples" -* **your land** - AT: "their land" -* **pastures** - land that has grass and small plants that sheep and goats can eat -* **settlement** - a place where people live. Usually they live in houses in a settlement. AT: "village" +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as if he were their shepherd and will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For the Lord Yahweh says this + +This can be stated in first person. AT: "For this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Behold! + +The word "Behold" here alerts the shepherds to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# will seek out + +"will look for" + +# within the midst of his scattered flock + +"with his scattered flock" + +# they were scattered + +It is is implied that the animals in the flock scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them or protect them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the day of clouds and darkness + +"on the cloudy and dark day." Disasters are spoken of as if they were a day of darkness. AT: "when terrible disasters happened to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bring them + +"bring my sheep and my goats" or "bring my flock" + +# from among the peoples + +"from the places where they lived with other peoples" + +# I will put them in pastures ... every settlement in the land + +Yahweh bringing his people back from exile to their land so that he can care for them and keep them safe is spoken of as if he were their shepherd who puts his flock in a place where there is plenty of land, food, and water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pastures + +land that has grass and small plants that sheep and goats can eat + +# settlement + +This is a place where people live. Usually they live in houses in a settlement. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/14.md b/ezk/34/14.md index 19d4b3611b..4a7037a83f 100644 --- a/ezk/34/14.md +++ b/ezk/34/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -* **their grazing places** - "places where they can eat" -* **abundant pastures** - lands that have a lot of grass and plants -* **graze** - eat grass and other plants -* **I myself** - The word "myself" adds emphasis. God would do this because the shepherds were not doing it right. -* **will shepherd** - "will feed and take care of" -* **will make them lie down** - "will let them lie down" -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **the lost** - "those that are lost." AT: "any sheep or goats that are lost" -* **restore the outcast** - AT: "bring back those that have been chased away" -* **bind up the broken sheep** - "wrap a cloth around any sheep's broken bone" or "wrap a cloth around any sheep's wound" -* **will annihilate** - "will kill" or "will destroy" +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as their shepherd who will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their grazing places + +"places where they can eat" + +# abundant pastures + +"lands that have a lot of grass and plants to eat" + +# graze + +eat grass and other plants + +# I myself + +The word "myself" adds emphasis. God would do this because the shepherds were not doing it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# will shepherd + +"will feed and take care of" + +# will make them lie down + +"will let them lie down" + +# the lost + +The words "the sheep or goats" are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. AT: "the sheep or goats that are lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# restore the outcast + +"bring back those that others have chased away" + +# bind up the broken sheep + +"wrap a cloth around any sheep's broken bone" or "wrap a cloth around any sheep's wound" + +# the fat and the strong + +The word "sheep" is understood. AT: "the fat sheep and the strong sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/17.md b/ezk/34/17.md index 5f20d8668c..67b7e53eb3 100644 --- a/ezk/34/17.md +++ b/ezk/34/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message. Now it is to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to giving Ezekiel his message. Now it is to the people of Israel. -* **thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” -* **I will be a judge among sheep** - "I will judge the sheep, rams, and goats" -* **rams, and goats** - The male sheep and goats are usually the strongest in the flock and can get whatever they want from the other animals in the flock. -* **Is it a small thing** - This is the beginning of a question that God uses to scold the stronger ones because they are unkind to weaker ones. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is it a small thing to be shepherded on the good pasture** - AT: "Is it not enough for you that you graze in the good pasture" -* **trample down what is left of the pasture** - AT: "walk all over the grass and ruin it" -* **But my sheep are now being shepherded where you have trampled with your feet** - "But my flock grazes on the pasture that you have trampled down with your feet" -* **they are now drinking the waters that you have muddied with your feet** - "they drink the water that you made dirty with your feet" +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is what the Lord Yahweh says + +This can be stated in first person. AT: "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed" + +# I will be a judge between sheep and sheep + +"I will judge between one sheep and another" + +# rams and male goats + +The male sheep and goats are usually the strongest in the flock and can get whatever they want from the other animals in the flock. + +# Is it not enough ... feet + +God uses these questions to scold Israel's leaders, who are spoken of as if they were the stronger animals in the flock that were unkind to the weaker ones. You can translate this as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/20.md b/ezk/34/20.md index 7d1887fb73..3fd365a920 100644 --- a/ezk/34/20.md +++ b/ezk/34/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:judge]] +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the Lord Yahweh says this -* **thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” -* **I myself** - The word "myself" emphasizes that it is Yahweh who will judge. -* **will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones** - "will makes sure that the fat sheep and goats and the skinny sheep and goats are treating each other fairly" -* **for you** - The word "you" refers to sheep and goats that were not treating other sheep and goats well. -* **with your sides** - "with the sides of your body" -* **have gored** - Possible meanings are 1) "have pushed" or "have shoved" 2) "have stabbed" or "have pierced" -* **scattered them** - "made them go in many different directions" -* **away from the land** - "away from the land of Israel" +This can be stated in first person. AT: "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# to them + +"to my flock" + +# Behold! + +The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed!" + +# I myself + +The word "myself" emphasizes that it is Yahweh who will judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones + +"will make sure that the fat sheep and goats and the skinny sheep and goats are treating each other fairly" + +# the fat sheep and the thin ones + +The leaders and strong people in Israel are spoken of as if they were fat and strong animals in the flock. The poor and weak people in Israel are spoken of as if they were the thin and weak animals in the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for you + +The word "you" refers to the sheep and goats that were not treating other sheep and goats well. + +# with your sides + +"with the sides of your body" + +# have gored + +Possible meanings are 1) "have pushed" or "have shoved" 2) "have stabbed" or "have pierced" + +# scattered them + +"made them go in many different directions" + +# away from the land + +"away from the land of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/22.md b/ezk/34/22.md index bdfdf51c16..97beb84915 100644 --- a/ezk/34/22.md +++ b/ezk/34/22.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they will no longer be plunder -* **plunder** - "things that are stolen." The shepherds and wild animals have been stealing the sheep and the goats from Yahweh's flock. -* **I will judge between the sheep** - See how you translated "I will be a judge among sheep" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:34:17]]. -* **I will raise up one shepherd over them** - "I will assign one shepherd to be in charge of my sheep and the goats" -* **my servant David** - Yahweh said "David" to refer to a descendent of David. AT: "a descendent of my servant David." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will be their God** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:19]]. -* **will be a chief in their midst** - "will be their ruler" -* **I, Yahweh, have declared this** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:15]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not allow anyone to plunder them" or "I will not allow anyone to steal them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# plunder + +"things that are stolen." The shepherds and wild animals have been stealing the sheep and the goats from Yahweh's flock. + +# I will set over them one shepherd + +The phrase "set over" is an idiom that means to cause a person to rule someone else. AT: "I will assign one shepherd to be in charge of my sheep and the goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my servant David + +Here "David" refers to a descendant of David. AT: "a descendant of my servant David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will shepherd them + +The descendant of David who will be king over the people of Israel is spoken of as if he would be their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be a prince among them + +"will be their ruler" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/25.md b/ezk/34/25.md index ea6f0cba9e..4c64088e5d 100644 --- a/ezk/34/25.md +++ b/ezk/34/25.md @@ -1,25 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -* **a covenant of peace** - "a covenant that brings peace" -* **the evil wild animals** - These are wild animals that could kill the sheep and the goats. -* **in due season** - "at the right time" -* **These will be showers of blessing** - "This rain will be given as a blessing" -* **the earth will yield its produce** - "the earth will grow food" AT: Food will grow on the earth -* **will be secure** - "will be safe" -* **know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **bars of their yoke** - "the bars that hold their yoke together" +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a covenant of peace + +"a covenant that brings peace" + +# the evil wild animals + +These are wild animals that could kill the sheep and the goats. + +# I will also bring blessings on them and on the places around my hill + +Some versions of the Bible translate this as "I will also turn them and the places around my hill into a blessing." + +# my hill + +This refers to Mount Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will send out showers + +"I will cause it to rain" + +# in due season + +"at the right time" + +# These will be showers of blessing + +"This rain will be a blessing" + +# the earth will yield its produce + +"the earth will grow food" or "food will grow on the earth" + +# will be secure + +"will be safe" + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when I break the bars of their yoke + +Slavery is spoken of as if it were a yoke that people wear like some animals. AT: "when I free them from being slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the hand of those who enslaved them + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from the control of those who made them slaves" or "from those who made them slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/28.md b/ezk/34/28.md index 4c1f6852e6..02a06abf66 100644 --- a/ezk/34/28.md +++ b/ezk/34/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# They will no longer be plunder for the nations -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -* **plunder** - See how you translated "plunder" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:07:20]]. -* **a peaceful planting place** - Possible meanings are 1) "a garden where they can be in peace" or 2) "a garden that will be famous" -* **starve with hunger** - AT: "starve " or "starve because of lack of food" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "The people of the nations will no longer steal from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# plunder + +These are things that are stolen or taken by force. See how you translated "plunder" in [Ezekiel 7:21](../07/20.md). + +# a peaceful planting place for them + +"a peaceful place for them to plant crops" + +# be starved with hunger + +"be starved" or "be starving because of lack of food" + +# the nations will not bring insults against them + +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. The abstract noun "insults" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the people of the nations will no longer insult them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/30.md b/ezk/34/30.md index ccee76844e..cb488a7665 100644 --- a/ezk/34/30.md +++ b/ezk/34/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I, Yahweh their God, am with them -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Here "I ... am with them" is an idiom that means Yahweh helps them. AT: "I, Yahweh their God, am helping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# with them. They are my people -* **I, Yahweh their God, am with them** - AT: "I, Yahweh their God, am helping them" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They are my people** - AT: "and that they are my people" -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **I will be your God** - AT: "I am your God" +This can be stated as one sentence. AT: "with them, and that they are my people" + +# the house of Israel + +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For you are my sheep, the flock of my pasture + +This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and Yahweh is their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/intro.md b/ezk/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..54fc7219c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 34 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God protects the people ##### + +God is against those who exploit others. He will protect and take care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The people of Israel are compared to sheep and God and the son of David as good shepherds. This is a common metaphor in scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/01.md b/ezk/35/01.md index 5e1e876dae..0b94b7bbfa 100644 --- a/ezk/35/01.md +++ b/ezk/35/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir, but the message is for all of the people of Edom. -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came -* **the Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **set your face against** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:04:01]]. -* **Mount Seir** - "the mountain of Seir." - This refers to the people who lived in Edom because Edom had a lot of mountains. AT: "the people living near Mount Seir in Edom." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to it** - "to the mountain" or "to the people of Edom" -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” -* **I am against you** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:21:01]]. -* **I will strike you with my hand** - AT: "I have stretched out my hand over you." This means "I am about to attack you." -* **a desolation and a horror** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:33:27]]. +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# set your face against Mount Seir + +Mount Seir was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but Yahweh commands him to stare in that direction as a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/01.md). AT: "turn toward Mount Seir and stare" or "stare toward Mount Seir so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Mount Seir and prophesy against it + +"the mountain of Seir." Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. AT: "Mount Seir and prophesy against it because of what the people of Edom have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to it + +"to the mountain" or "to the people of Edom" + +# Behold! I am against you, Mount Seir, and I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a horror + +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. AT: "Listen, Mount Seir, I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a horror because of what your people did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Behold! + +The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Listen!" or "Indeed!" + +# I am against you + +"I am your enemy" or "I oppose you" + +# I will strike you with my hand + +Here "hand" represents power. AT: "I will use my power to strike you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make you a desolation and a horror + +The abstract nouns "desolation" and "horror" can be translated as adjectives." AT: "make you desolate and ruined" or "make you a desolate wasteland" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/04.md b/ezk/35/04.md index c683dbb675..166da9edcd 100644 --- a/ezk/35/04.md +++ b/ezk/35/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -## translationNotes +# know that I am Yahweh -* This continues Yahweh's message to the people of Mount Seir. -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **you poured them out into the hands of the sword** - Possible meanings are 1) "you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords" or 2) "you killed them with swords" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **at the time of their distress** - "at the time when they were in a disaster" -* **as I live** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **I will prepare you for bloodshed** - "I will prepare you to lose your blood." This refers to being wounded or killed. AT: "I will allow your enemies to brutally kill many of you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **bloodshed will chase after you** - Yahweh presents bloodshed as a person who could chase them. AT: "your enemies will continue to slaughter you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Since you did not hate bloodshed** - AT: "Since you did hate it when other people were killed brutally." +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you poured them out into the hands of the sword + +Possible meanings of this metaphor are 1) "you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords" or 2) "you killed them with swords." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the time of their distress + +"at a time of disaster" + +# as I live + +"as surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will prepare you for bloodshed + +Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. AT: "I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bloodshed will pursue you + +Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. AT: "your enemies will chase you down and kill you you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Since you did not hate bloodshed + +Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. AT: "Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/07.md b/ezk/35/07.md index 8179afd016..bfde044dba 100644 --- a/ezk/35/07.md +++ b/ezk/35/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -## translationNotes +# when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again -* This continues Yahweh's message to the people of Mount Seir. -* **a desolation–a desolation** - a desolation** - AT: "absolutely desolate" or "completely desolate" -* **when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again** - Possible meanings are 1) I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it" (UDB) or 2) "I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it." -* **killed by the sword** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:31:17]]. -* **a perpetual desolation** - "desolate forever" -* **Your cities will not be inhabited** - AT: "People will not live in your cities." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +Possible meanings are 1) "cut off" is a metaphor that means to destroy. AT: "I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it" or 2) "cut off" is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. AT: "I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with its dead + +The nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "with dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# those killed by the sword + +Here "sword" represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). AT: "those whom enemies have killed with swords" or "those who have died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a perpetual desolation + +"desolate forever." This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Your cities will not be inhabited + +This can be stated in active form. This may be an exaggeration for emphasis. AT: "People will not live in your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# but you will know + +Here "you" is plural. God is speaking to the people of Mount Seir, rather than to a single mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/10.md b/ezk/35/10.md index 1e90080aa2..5cb358229d 100644 --- a/ezk/35/10.md +++ b/ezk/35/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -## translationNotes +# You have said -* This continues Yahweh's message to the people of Mount Seir. -* **You have said** - The word "You" is refers to the mountain of Seir which represents the nation of Edom. -* **and we** - The word "we" refers to the people of Edom. -* **when Yahweh was present with them** - AT: "but Yahweh was there" or "but Yahweh was there in Israel and Judah." "but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah." It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **as I live** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy** - Possible meanings are 1) "I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy" or 2) "I will will do things to you with anger like your anger and with jealousy like your jealousy." +The word "You" refers to the mountain of Seir. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountain as if it can hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. AT: "Your people said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# these two lands + +"the lands of Israel and Judah" + +# will become mine + +The word "mine" can be stated in plural form. AT: "will become ours" + +# we + +The word "we" refers to the people of Edom. + +# even when Yahweh was present with them + +It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. AT: "but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy + +Possible meanings are 1) "I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy" or 2) "just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/12.md b/ezk/35/12.md index abca9484b4..7fd6172f62 100644 --- a/ezk/35/12.md +++ b/ezk/35/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -## translationNotes +# against the mountains of Israel -* This continues Yahweh's message to the people of Mount Seir. -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **I have heard all of your contempt** - AT: "I have heard all of your mocking words" or "I have heard you mock Israel when" -* **They have been given for us to devour** - AT: "The mountains of Israel are for us to devour" or "They are here for us to take control of them" or "We can take whatever we want from them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I heard you when you boasted against me with your mouth** - AT: "So you spoke as though you were more powerful than I am." +Here "mountains" represents the whole land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# They have been destroyed + +This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "They are in ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they have been given over to us to devour + +The people of Mount Seir taking the land of Israel and using it for themselves is spoken of as if they were wild animals that would devour the mountains of Israel. AT: "they are here for us to devour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/14.md b/ezk/35/14.md index d07a590e78..fef2fa51e3 100644 --- a/ezk/35/14.md +++ b/ezk/35/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -## translationNotes +# The Lord Yahweh says this -* This continues Yahweh's message to the people of Mount Seir. -* **The Lord Yahweh says this** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:10]]. -* **you a desolation** - The word "you" refers to "the mountain of Seir," which represents the land of Edom. AT: "I will make your land desolate." -* **I will do the same to you** - Possible meanings are 1) I will make your land desolate" or 2) "I will rejoice when your land is desolate" or 3) "I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation" -* **Mount Seir** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:35:01]]. -* **Then they will know** - The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the people of the earth" or 2) "the people of Israel and Judah." -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +This can be stated in first person. AT: "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will make you a desolation + +Here "you" refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Because of what your people did I will make you desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the entire earth rejoices + +Here "earth" represents the people of the earth. The word "entire" is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. AT: "people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the people of Israel because of its desolation + +This speaks of the land that Yahweh gave to the Israelites as their inheritance. AT: "As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will do the same to you + +Possible meanings are 1) I will make your land desolate" or 2) "I will rejoice when your land is desolate" or 3) "I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation." + +# You will become a desolation, Mount Seir, and all of Edom + +Yahweh continues telling Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. AT: "I will make you, Mount Seir, and all of Edom desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Then they will know + +The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the people of the earth" or 2) "the people of Israel and Judah." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/intro.md b/ezk/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af002ff270 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 35 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Edom ##### + +Because the people of Edom rejoiced at the destruction of Israel, they too will be destroyed. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/01.md b/ezk/36/01.md index bad985dfa0..4acd25bfbc 100644 --- a/ezk/36/01.md +++ b/ezk/36/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# son of man -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. Now his message is to the mountains of Israel. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **prophesy to the mountains of Israel** - God wants Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:02:04]]. -* **Aha** - This is an expression of joy. It can be translated as "I am very happy" or "This is great." -* **The ancient high places** - This refers to the high mountains of Israel. AT: "The very old mountains." -* **have become our possession** - "now belong to us" -* **Because of your desolation** - AT: "Because you mountains have become desolate" -* **because of the attacks that came on you from all sides** - "because you were attacked from every direction" or "because your enemies attacked you from every direction" -* **you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people's stories** - AT: "People are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you" +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# prophesy to the mountains of Israel + +God wants Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people. The message is for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Aha + +This is an expression of joy. It can be translated as "I am very happy" or "This is great." + +# The ancient high places + +"The very old mountains." This refers to the high mountains of Israel. + +# have become our possession + +"now belong to us" + +# Because of your desolation + +The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as "desolate." AT: "Because you, mountains of Israel, have become desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# because of the attacks that came on you from all sides + +"because you were attacked from every direction" or "because your enemies attacked you from every direction" + +# you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people's stories + +Here, "lips" and "tongues" represent people speaking. AT: "people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/04.md b/ezk/36/04.md index ba83bf73e2..03613e0ecc 100644 --- a/ezk/36/04.md +++ b/ezk/36/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This continues the message that Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the mountains of Israel. The message is for all of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. -* **listen to the word of the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:01]]. -* **the uninhabited desolations** - "the desolate cities which have no people living in them" -* **the forsaken cities** - AT: "the cities that people have left behind." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that have become plunder** - AT: "that enemies have stolen from" -* **a subject of mocking for the other nations that surround them** - AT: "that the other nations mock" -* **in the fire of my fury** - AT: "because of my intense jealousy" or "because of my very strong anger." Yahweh loves Israel very much, so he becomes jealous and angry when other nations mock her. (See: [[en:obe:kt:jealous]]) -* **against Edom and all** - AT: "and against all of Edom" -* **against all those who had joy in their heart** - AT: "with joy in their heart" or "with joy" or "while being very happy" -* **disdain in their spirit** - AT "disdain in their spirit for Israel" or "while despising Israel." It is implied that their disdain is for Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] -* **for the sake of its pasture** - AT: "because they wanted the pastures in it." -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed.” -* **In my fury and in my anger** - AT: "Because I am jealous and angry" -* **you have borne the insults of nations** - "other nations have insulted you" or "other nations have mocked you" +It may be helpful to use a verse bridge here, as the UDB does, to arrange the text in a more logical order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# listen to the word of the Lord Yahweh + +"listen to the message of the Lord Yahweh" + +# the uninhabited desolations + +The abstract noun "desolations" can be stated as "desolate cities." AT: "the desolate cities which have no people living in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the forsaken cities + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cities that people have left behind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that have become plunder + +"that enemies have stolen from" + +# a subject of mocking for the other nations that surround them + +"that the other, surrounding nations mock" + +# in the fire of my fury + +This speaks of Yahweh's fury as if it were a fire. Yahweh loves Israel very much, so he becomes jealous and angry when other nations mock it. AT: "because of my intense jealousy" or "because of my very strong anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# against Edom and all + +"and against all of Edom" + +# had both joy in their heart and disdain in their spirit, as they seized my land + +Here "heart" and "spirit" represent a person's inner being. The UDB reverses the order of these phrases. AT: "insulted my people and joyfully took my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Behold! + +The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed!" + +# In my fury and in my anger + +The words "fury" and "anger" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his anger. AT: "Because I am extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you have borne the insults of nations + +"other nations have insulted you" or "other nations have mocked you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/07.md b/ezk/36/07.md index e6c06a9249..99193248e0 100644 --- a/ezk/36/07.md +++ b/ezk/36/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I myself will lift up my hand to swear -* This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. -* **I will lift up my hand to swear** - AT: "I lift up my hand and swear" or "I have sworn." Lifting up the hand shows that he will truly do what he has sworn. -* **that the nations that surround you will certainly carry their own shame** - AT: "that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you" -* **surround you** - The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel. +Here "lift up my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# that the nations that surround you will certainly carry their own shame + +The people experiencing shame are spoken of as if they will carry their shame. AT: "that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# surround you + +The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/08.md b/ezk/36/08.md index 172d22a05b..7a562098d6 100644 --- a/ezk/36/08.md +++ b/ezk/36/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you will grow branches and bear fruit -* This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. -* **you will grow branches and bear fruit** - AT: "your trees will grow will grow branches and bear fruit." -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **I am for you** - "I want to do good things to you." The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel. -* **and I treat you with favor** - "I will be kind to you" (UDB) -* **you will be plowed and sown with seed** - AT: "My people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed." To plow means to cut rows in the ground in order to plant seeds in them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "you" refers to the mountain of Israel which here represents the trees on the mountain that will grow fruit. AT: "your trees will grow branches and bear fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed" + +# I am for you + +"I want to do good things to you." The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel. + +# I treat you with favor + +"I will be kind to you" + +# you will be plowed and sown with seed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/10.md b/ezk/36/10.md index 6a75f42a56..5972c0911a 100644 --- a/ezk/36/10.md +++ b/ezk/36/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# So I will multiply upon you -* This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **Then the cities will be inhabited and the desolations rebuilt** - AT: "Then people will live in the cities and will rebuild the ruins." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they will multiply and be fruitful** - "they will become very many people and have very many children" -* **you to be inhabited as you previously were** - "people to live on you mountains as they did before" -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **will possess you** - The word "you" is singular and refers to "the land of Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_yousingular]]) -* **you will no longer cause their children to die** - It is implied that in the past children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Yahweh is speaking to the mountains. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "So, mountains of Israel, I will multiply upon you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# even the whole house of Israel + +Here "house" represents people. AT: "all of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The cities will be inhabited and the ruins rebuilt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then people will live in the cities and will rebuild the ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will multiply and be fruitful + +Here "be fruitful" is an idiom that means to have many children and descendants. AT: "they will become very many people and have very many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you to be inhabited as you previously were + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people to live on you mountains as they did before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They will possess you, and you will be their inheritance + +The people living in the mountains and land of Israel permanently is spoke of as if the people would inherit them. AT: "They will possess you permanently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will no longer cause their children to die + +It is implied that in the past children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/13.md b/ezk/36/13.md index cc295393fa..75bc9bf341 100644 --- a/ezk/36/13.md +++ b/ezk/36/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is meant for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# they are saying to you -* This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. -* **they are saying to you** - "other nations are saying to you mountains" -* **You devour people** - "You cause many people to die" -* **your nation's children have died** - "you cause your people's children to die." It is implied that the mountains do this by not growing good crops. This can be made explicit as in the UDB. See ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **Nor will I allow you to hear the insults of the nations any longer** - AT: "I will no longer allow the other nations to insult you." -* **you will no longer have to bear the shame of the peoples** - "the peoples will no longer cause you to feel ashamed" -* **or cause your nation to fall** - "and you mountains make your nation suffer defeat" (UDB) +"other nations are saying to you mountains" + +# You devour people + +Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were devouring the people. AT: "You cause many people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your nation's children have died + +"you cause your people's children to die." It is implied that the mountains do this by not growing good crops. This can be made explicit as in the UDB. See (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you will not consume people any longer + +Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were consuming the people. AT: "you will no longer cause the people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Nor will I allow you to hear the insults of the nations any longer + +This speaks of the mountains as if they were able to hear when people insult them. AT: "I will no longer allow the other nations to insult you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you will no longer have to bear the shame of the peoples + +Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the mountains could bear shame. AT: "the peoples will no longer cause you to feel ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# or cause your nation to fall + +Here "to fall" is an idiom that means to be defeated in battle. AT: "or cause your people to suffer defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/16.md b/ezk/36/16.md index 4fc6dac4d2..384ad9f5bc 100644 --- a/ezk/36/16.md +++ b/ezk/36/16.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **the Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **with their ways and deeds** - "by the way they lived and the things they did" -* **Their ways were like the unclean menstruation of a woman before me** - "Their ways were as disgusting to me as the unclean menstruation of a woman" -* **menstruation of a woman** - the blood that comes out of a woman every month when she is not pregnant -* **I poured out my fury against them** - "I did things to them that showed how angry I was." -* **for the blood that they poured out on the land** - AT: "because they made the blood of many people spill onto the land" or "because they murdered many people." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and for their pollution of it by their idols** - "and because they defiled the land with their idols" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# the house of Israel + +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with their ways and their deeds + +"by the way they lived and the things they did" + +# Their ways were like the unclean menstruation of a woman before me + +This compares how the people behaved to a woman's unclean menstruation rags. This emphasizes how disgusting their behaviors were to Yahweh. AT: "Their ways were as disgusting to me as the unclean menstruation of a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# menstruation of a woman + +the blood that comes out of a woman every month when she is not pregnant + +# I poured out my fury against them + +Yahweh punishing people because he is angry is spoken of as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out. AT: "I did things to them that showed how angry I was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the blood that they poured out on the land + +This is an idiom that refers to killing someone. AT: "because they made the blood of many people spill onto the land" or "because they murdered many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for their pollution of it by their idols + +The people worshiping idols is spoken of as if the idols made the land physically dirty. AT: "because they defiled the land with their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/19.md b/ezk/36/19.md index b3150bd792..447d927d4a 100644 --- a/ezk/36/19.md +++ b/ezk/36/19.md @@ -1,20 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about Israel. -## translationNotes +# I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed through the lands -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about Israel. -* **I scattered them among the nations** - "I sent the people of Israel into many different nations" -* **they were dispersed through the lands** - AT: "I spread them out in other lands." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when people** - "because other people said" -* **his land** - This refers to the land of Israel. -* **I had compassion for my holy name** - "I cared about my holy name." AT: "I wanted people to know that I am holy." -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/14.md). AT: "I caused them to separate and live in separate lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# they were dispersed through the lands + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I dispersed them through the lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their ways and their deeds + +Here "ways" and "deeds" mean basically the same thing. AT: "the things that they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they profaned my holy name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. AT: "they mocked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when people + +"because other people said" + +# Are these really the people of Yahweh? + +The people use a question to express their surprise at what they saw. AT: "I cannot believe these are really the people of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For they have been thrown out of his land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Yahweh has forced them out of his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his land + +This refers to the land of Israel. + +# But I had compassion for my holy name that the house of Israel had defiled among the nations, when they went there + +Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. AT: "When the house of Israel went among the nations, they caused me disgrace, but I wanted people to know that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I had compassion for my holy name + +"I cared about my holy name" + +# the house of Israel + +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/22.md b/ezk/36/22.md index f43b6dda54..d8f3757a8e 100644 --- a/ezk/36/22.md +++ b/ezk/36/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel, and he gives him a message to Israel. -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel, and he gives him a message to Israel. -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **for your sake** - AT: "because of you" or "in order to help you" -* **but for my holy name** - AT: "so that people will know that I am holy" or "so that people will honor me as holy" -* **everywhere you profaned it in their midst** - “among every nation in which you profaned it" -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **when I am treated as holy among you before their eyes** - AT: "when I use you to make them realize that I am holy." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your sake + +"because of you" or "in order to help you" + +# but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone + +Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. AT: "but so that the people of the nations, who mock me because of you, will know that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone + +"you have caused the people of the nations to mock everywhere you have gone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/24.md b/ezk/36/24.md index 512dcc4c57..a4d51ea3d0 100644 --- a/ezk/36/24.md +++ b/ezk/36/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will sprinkle pure water on you so you will be purified from all of your impurities, and I will purify you from all of your idols -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -* **sprinkle pure water** - "make pure water drip on you" or "throw pure water" -* **all of your impurities** - "all the things that made you unclean" +Yahweh forgiving the people and causing them to no longer sin is spoken of as if he would cleanse them with water. The phrase "you will be purified" can be stated in active form. AT: "I will purify you as if I were sprinkling you with pure water, and I will cause you to stop worshiping idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all of your impurities + +"all the things that made you unclean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/26.md b/ezk/36/26.md index ae787fc0e0..1c97ab7c79 100644 --- a/ezk/36/26.md +++ b/ezk/36/26.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will give you a new heart and a new spirit in your innermost parts, and I will take away the heart of stone from your flesh. For I will give you a heart of flesh -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -* **a new heart and a new spirit** - See how you translated "heart" and "spirit" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:19]]. -* **in your innermost parts** - "within you" or "inside of you" -* **the heart of stone** - This compares the people's stubborn hearts to hard stone. AT: "the heart that is as hard as stone." See how you translated "stone heart" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:19]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your flesh** - "your body" -* **a heart of flesh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:19]]. This is a heart that is not stubborn, but is willing to obey God. -* **walk in my statutes** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:19]]. -* **keep my decrees, so you will do them** - See how you translated "will carry out my decrees and do them" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:19]]. -* **my people** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:19]]. +Yahweh causing the people to no longer be stubborn but to love and serve Yahweh is spoken of as if he will take away their old heart and give them a new heart and spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a new heart and a new spirit + +Here "heart" and "spirit" represent a person's thoughts, attitudes, and emotions. See how you translated "heart" and "spirit" in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). + +# in your innermost parts + +"within you" or "inside of you" + +# the heart of stone + +This speaks of people being stubborn as if their hearts were made of stone. See how you translated "stone heart" in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). AT: "the heart that is as hard as stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your flesh + +"your body" + +# a heart of flesh + +People being willing to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if their hearts were soft like flesh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). AT: "a heart that is soft like flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# enable you to walk in my statutes + +A person acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of is if it were a person walking. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/19.md). AT: "enable you to obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/29.md b/ezk/36/29.md index b077b43e26..b61807d41f 100644 --- a/ezk/36/29.md +++ b/ezk/36/29.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## translationNotes +# For I will save you from all of your uncleanness -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -* **I will summon the grain** - "I will call the grain to come." This phrase presents the grain as a servant of Yahweh. AT: "will cause there to be grain in the land of Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **you will no longer bear the shame of famine among the nations** - "the nations will no longer make you feel ashamed because you suffer from famine" -* **disgusting deeds** - See how you translated "disgusting actions" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:09]]. +Something that is unacceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. AT: "For I will save you from everything that made me reject you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will summon the grain + +"I will call the grain to come." This phrase presents the grain as a servant of Yahweh. AT: "I will cause there to be grain in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will no longer put famine upon you + +Yahweh causing a famine in the land is spoken of as if he put famine on the people. AT: "I will no longer cause there to be a famine" or "I will no longer cause there to be no food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will no longer bear the shame of famine among the nations + +Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the people had to carry the shame. AT: "the nations will no longer make you feel ashamed because you suffer from famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/32.md b/ezk/36/32.md index 3ae6d72aac..faf716c9e2 100644 --- a/ezk/36/32.md +++ b/ezk/36/32.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## translationNotes +# for your sake -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -* **for your sake** - "for you" -* **this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **Let this be known to you** - AT: "Know this" or "You can be sure of this." Yahweh says this to emphasize that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **So be ashamed and disgraced** - The words "ashamed" and "disgraced" mean the same thing. AT: "So be very ashamed." (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **in your ways** - "because of your ways" of "because of what you do" -* **house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **you will plow the ruined land** - "you will farm the ruined land" -* **before the eyes of all who pass by** - AT: "and all who travel in the land will see it." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"for you" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# let this be known to you + +"know this" or "you can be sure of this." Yahweh says this to emphasize that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# So be ashamed and disgraced + +The words "ashamed" and "disgraced" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of the shame. AT: "So be very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# because of your ways + +"because of what you do" + +# house of Israel + +Here "house" represents people. AT: "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will plow the ruined land + +"you will farm the ruined land" + +# before the eyes of all who pass by + +The eyes represent sight. AT: "to those who pass by and see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/35.md b/ezk/36/35.md index 5dfcc01192..9236aa7508 100644 --- a/ezk/36/35.md +++ b/ezk/36/35.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## translationNotes +# Then they -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -* **Then they** - The word "they" refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel. -* **the uninhabited ruins** - "the ruins that no one lived in" -* **that were inaccessible** - Possible meanings are 1) "that people could not get into" or 2) "that enemies had torn down." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **that I built up the ruins** - "and that I built up the cities that enemies had torn down" -* **replanted the abandoned places** - "planted crops in the desolate land" +The word "they" refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel. + +# the uninhabited ruins + +"the ruins that no one lived in" + +# that were torn down + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "that enemies had torn down" or 2) AT: "that people could not get into." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# are now fortified and inhabited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that I built up the ruins + +"and that I built up the cities that enemies had torn down" + +# replanted the abandoned places + +"planted crops in the desolate land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/37.md b/ezk/36/37.md index fa209bb890..4f7d0e5191 100644 --- a/ezk/36/37.md +++ b/ezk/36/37.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# I will be asked by the house of Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **I will show myself to the house of Israel when I do this for them** - Possible meanings are 1) "I will let Israel know me when I do this for them" 2) "I will let Israel ask me to do this for them" -* **when I multiply their population like sheep** - "I will make them multiply like a flock of sheep." Sheep multiply very quickly. AT: "I will make the people multiply quickly like sheep." ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +Here "house" represents people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Israel will ask me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to increase them like a flock of people + +Yahweh causing the people to multiply greatly and quickly is spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Sheep multiply very quickly. AT: "to make them multiply like a flock of sheep" or "to make the people multiply quickly like sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Like the flock is set apart for sacrifices, like the flock in Jerusalem at her appointed feasts + +The phrase "is set apart" can be stated in active form. AT: "Like the great number of sheep that the people set apart for sacrifices or bring to Jerusalem for the appointed feasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so will the ruined cities be filled with flocks of people + +This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so will the great number of people be who will be living in the cities that are now ruined but the people will rebuild" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/intro.md b/ezk/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e48b062ddc --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Ezekiel 36 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel restored ##### + +Israel is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +##### New hearts ##### + +God will forgive Israel's sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the metonym "heart." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/01.md b/ezk/37/01.md index ff3eae7a11..8b713d5d68 100644 --- a/ezk/37/01.md +++ b/ezk/37/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Ezekiel is speaking. -## translationNotes +# The hand of Yahweh was upon me -* Ezekiel is speaking -* **The hand of Yahweh came on me** - See how you translated "the hand of Yahweh came upon him" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:01]]. -* **in the midst** - AT: "in the middle" -* **round and round** - AT: "in every direction" -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. +The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh was controlling me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the midst + +"in the middle" + +# round and round + +"in every direction" + +# Behold! + +The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/04.md b/ezk/37/04.md index 74af5cb6c4..9fa5be1940 100644 --- a/ezk/37/04.md +++ b/ezk/37/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# Listen to the word of Yahweh -* Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel. -* **Listen to the word of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:13:01]]. -* **Behold** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **sinews** - the parts of human bodies that are like hard strings and hold the bones and muscles together -* **set breath within** - AT: "put breath in" -* **spirit ... breath** - A single Hebrew word is translated as 'breath' and 'spirit' in these verses. The same word is translated as 'wind' in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:37:09]]. -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +"Listen to Yahweh's message" + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# to put breath into you + +The noun "breath" can be stated as the verb "breathe." AT: "I will cause you to breathe" + +# breath + +The Hebrew word translated as "breath" in these verses is translated as "spirit" by a few modern versions. It is also translated as "wind" in [Ezekiel 37:9](./09.md). + +# sinews + +the tissue that connects muscles to bones + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/07.md b/ezk/37/07.md index 75563f4a1e..0a9278728e 100644 --- a/ezk/37/07.md +++ b/ezk/37/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] +Ezekiel is speaking. -## translationNotes +# as I was commanded -* Ezekiel is speaking -* **as I was commanded** - AT: "as Yahweh had commanded me to speak." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -* **sinews** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:37:04]]. -* **But there was still no life in them** - AT: "But they were not alive" or "but they were not breathing." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh had commanded me to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. + +# sinews + +This refers to the parts of human bodies that are like hard strings and hold the bones and muscles together. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 37:6](./04.md). + +# But there was still no breath in them + +The noun "breath" can be stated as the verb "breathing." AT: "But they were not breathing" or "But they were not alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/09.md b/ezk/37/09.md index 6cbd7325bd..ff08039076 100644 --- a/ezk/37/09.md +++ b/ezk/37/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the breath -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Possible meanings are: 1) "breath" or 2) "spirit" or 3) "wind." -## translationNotes +# from the four winds -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **the wind** - Possible meanings are: 1) “wind” or 2) “spirit” or 3) “breath.” -* **from the four winds** - AT: "from the four directions that the wind can blow in" or "from every direction" -* **these killed ones** - AT: "these people that enemies and disasters have killed." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **as I was commanded** - AT: "as Yahweh had commanded me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"from the four directions that the wind can blow in." This is an idiom. AT: "from every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# these who have been killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "these people that enemies and disasters have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as I was commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh had commanded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/11.md b/ezk/37/11.md index f096ce3ee7..0314db2028 100644 --- a/ezk/37/11.md +++ b/ezk/37/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the entire house of Israel -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold! -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” -* **prophesy and say** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:21:08]]. -* **Behold** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed!" + +# We have been cut off + +The people being destroyed and removed from their land is spoken of as if they had been cut off like a person would cut off a branch or piece of cloth. AT: "Our nation is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will open your graves and lift you out from them + +Yahweh restoring the people and bringing them back to their land is spoken of as if he will bring them back to life again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/13.md b/ezk/37/13.md index fea5c126c5..7e88caeb76 100644 --- a/ezk/37/13.md +++ b/ezk/37/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +These are Yahweh's words to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# to rest in your land -* These are Yahweh's words to the house of Israel. -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **to rest in your land** - "to live peacefully in your own land" -* **This is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated "This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration" in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +"to live peacefully in your own land" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/15.md b/ezk/37/15.md index 6eca129f4a..72ebb5c093 100644 --- a/ezk/37/15.md +++ b/ezk/37/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# For Judah -* **The Word of Yahweh came to me and said** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:16]]. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **For Judah** - AT: "Representing Judah" or "Belonging to Judah." -* **Judah** - The tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the people of Israel, his companions** - AT: "the people of Israel who are his companions" or "the tribes of Israel who are part of the kingdom of Judah" -* **For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim** - AT: "For Joseph, the stick of Ephraim" -* **Ephraim** - The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the name is used to refer to the whole northern kingdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for all the people of Israel, their companions** - AT: "for the rest of the people of Israel who are his companions" or "the tribes of Israel that are part of that kingdom" -* **into one stick** - AT: "so that they become one stick" +Here "For" means "representing." AT: "Representing Judah" or "Belonging to Judah" + +# Judah + +The tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the people of Israel, his companions + +This refers to the Israelites who lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. AT: "all the tribes of Judah" or "the tribes of Israel who are part of the kingdom of Judah" + +# For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim + +Joseph was Ephraim's father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the people of Israel, their companions + +This refers to the Israelites who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "all the tribes of Israel" or "the Israelites who were part of the kingdom of Israel" + +# into one stick + +"so that they become one stick" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/18.md b/ezk/37/18.md index 913d2b2688..822bdbbe6b 100644 --- a/ezk/37/18.md +++ b/ezk/37/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# what these things of yours mean -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **speak to you and say** - See how you translated "are talking and say" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:33:23]]. -* **what these things of yours mean** - AT: "what your sticks means" or "why you have these sticks" -* **Behold** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **the branch of Joseph** - "the stick of Joseph." This represents the kingdom of Israel. -* **that is in the hand of Ephraim** - The word "hand" refers to power. AT: "that is in the power of Ephraim" or "that the tribe of Ephraim rules over" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the tribes of Israel his companions** - AT: "the other tribes of Israel who are his companions" or "the other tribes of Israel who are part of that kingdom" -* **the branch of Judah** - "the stick of Judah." This represents the kingdom of Judah. -* **before their eyes** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:21:06]]. +"what your sticks mean" or "why you have these sticks" + +# Behold! + +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# the branch of Joseph + +"the stick of Joseph." This represents the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that is in the hand of Ephraim + +The word "hand" refers to power. AT: "that is in the power of Ephraim" or "that the tribe of Ephraim rules over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the tribes of Israel his companions + +"the other tribes of Israel who are his companions" or "the other tribes of Israel who are part of that kingdom" + +# the branch of Judah + +"the stick of Judah." This represents the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before their eyes + +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "while they watched you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/21.md b/ezk/37/21.md index 7741bbb60a..84cd682ff5 100644 --- a/ezk/37/21.md +++ b/ezk/37/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# Behold! -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **Behold** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **disgusting things** - See how you translated "hateful things" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. -* **they will be my people and I will be their God** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:19]]. +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# they will be my people and I will be their God + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/19.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/24.md b/ezk/37/24.md index 2b0e9c03f4..b701268398 100644 --- a/ezk/37/24.md +++ b/ezk/37/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## translationNotes +# David my servant -* Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -* **David my servant** - See how you translated "my servant David" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:34:22]]. -* **over them** - AT: "over the people of Israel" -* **one shepherd over them** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:34:22]]. -* **will walk according to my decrees** - AT: "will live as I have commanded" -* **they will keep my statutes and obey them** - See how you translated "keeps all my statutes, and he does them" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:18:19]]. -* **had stayed** - AT: "had lived" -* **chief** - See how you translated "prince" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:07:26]]) +Yahweh said "David" to refer to a descendant of David. See how you translated "my servant David" in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/22.md). AT: "A descendant of my servant David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# one shepherd over them + +This speaks of a king ruling a people as if he were a shepherd leading sheep. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# over them + +"over the people of Israel" + +# will walk according to my decrees + +This speaks of acting or behaving in a certain way as if it were a person walking. AT: "will live as I have commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# had stayed + +"had lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/26.md b/ezk/37/26.md index e3a7567bb6..2e0c9288c8 100644 --- a/ezk/37/26.md +++ b/ezk/37/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will establish -* Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel. -* **I will establish** - AT: "I will set up" -* **a covenant of peace** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:34:25]]. -* **I will take them** - AT: "I will give them." It was implied that Yahweh would give them the land of Israel. AT: "I will set them in the land of Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **multiply** - See how you translated "multiply" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:36:10]]. -* **my holy place** - AT: "my sanctuary" or "my temple" (UDB) -* **My dwelling place** - AT: "the place where I live" -* **I will be their God, and they will be my people** - See how you translated "they will be my people, and I will be their God" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:19]]. -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. -* **my sanctuary** - AT: "my holy place" or "my temple" -* **in their midst** - AT: "among them" +"I will set up" or "I will create" + +# a covenant of peace + +"a covenant that brings peace." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:25](../34/25.md). + +# I will establish them + +It was implied that Yahweh would establish them in the land of Israel. AT: "I will set them in the land of Israel" or "I will cause them to live securely in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# multiply them + +"cause their people to increase in number" + +# my holy place + +"my holy sanctuary" or "my holy temple" + +# in their midst + +"among them" + +# My dwelling place + +"The place where I live" + +# I will be their God, and they will be my people + +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/19.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/intro.md b/ezk/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..19d96c2303 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Ezekiel 37 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel restored ##### +God will unite the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah and the Messiah will rule over them. This will come in a prophesied day of restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The people are discouraged and compare themselves to skeletons, but God will cause them to become a nation again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/01.md b/ezk/38/01.md index 4838177f32..f08cbbb30d 100644 --- a/ezk/38/01.md +++ b/ezk/38/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:meshech]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:tubal]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# set your face toward Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince ... Tubal -* **Gog** - This is the name of a leader or king who ruled in the land of Magog. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the land of Magog** - It is implied that this is the land that Gog rules over. AT: "who rules over the land of Magog." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Magog** - the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. +This is a command to stare at Gog and Magog as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/01.md). AT: "Stare at the land of Magog and at Gog, the chief prince ... Tubal" or "Stare at Gog, the chief prince ... Tubal, and at the land of Magog so that they will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set your face + +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" represents staring. AT: "stare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gog, the land of Magog + +It is implied that Magog is the land over which Gog rules. AT: "Gog who rules over the land of Magog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Gog + +This is the name of a leader or king who ruled in the land of Magog. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Magog + +This is the name of an ancient nation that was probably located in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. + +# the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal + +This expression occurs twice in these verses. Some modern versions, however, interpret the Hebrew expression as "the chief of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. AT: "who is the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Meshech ... Tubal + +See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 32:26](../32/26.md). + +# Behold! + +This emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. It can be translated as "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# I am against you + +This idiom means "I am your enemy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/04.md b/ezk/38/04.md index 23ef4cbc0b..e2b104cda1 100644 --- a/ezk/38/04.md +++ b/ezk/38/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh is speaking to Gog. -* **set hooks in your jaw** - People put hooks in the mouths of animals so that they could lead the animals wherever they wanted. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Put ** - a nation that lived in what is now Libya. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gomer** - a nation that lived north of the Black Sea -* **Beth Togarmah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:27:14]]. +These verses list the various nations who will join Gog's army. + +# set hooks in your jaw + +Here "hooks in your jaw" represents God's control over Gog. People put hooks in the mouths of animals so that they could lead the animals wherever they wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in full armor ... holding swords ... with shields and helmets + +These phrases describe an army that is ready for battle. + +# Gomer + +a nation that lived north of the Black Sea + +# Beth Togarmah + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:14](../27/14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/07.md b/ezk/38/07.md index 723b74f657..b980678691 100644 --- a/ezk/38/07.md +++ b/ezk/38/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. -## translationNotes +# your troops assembled with you -* Yahweh is speaking to Gog. -* **You will be called** - AT: "I will call you to come for war." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your troops assembled with you** - "all of your troops that you have gathered to yourself" or "all of your army that you have brought together for yourself" -* **that has been gathered** - "and whose people I have gathered." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"all of your troops that you have gathered to yourself" or "all of your army that you have brought together for yourself" + +# You will be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will call you to come for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# recovered from the sword + +Here the "sword" represents war. AT: "recovered from war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that has been gathered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have gathered together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from many peoples + +"from many nations" + +# a continuous ruin + +"destroyed for a long time" + +# the land's people will be brought out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bring the Israelites out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will go up as a storm goes + +This simile means Gog will bring destruction like a large storm does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a cloud covering the land + +This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/10.md b/ezk/38/10.md index acd712e5fd..6b6802f336 100644 --- a/ezk/38/10.md +++ b/ezk/38/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. -## translationNotes +# on that day that -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **it will happen on that day that** - "at that time" -* **plans will form in your hearts** - "ideas will come to your mind" +"at that time" + +# plans will form in your heart ... you will devise wicked schemes + +These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. AT: "you will plan to do something very evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# plans will form in your heart + +Here "heart" refers to his thinking. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will think of plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will + +Gog will not do these things alone. His army will do most of them. AT: "My army and I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the open land + +The following phrases explain that this refers to a land without walls or bars or gates. + +# capture booty and steal plunder + +These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. AT: "take away all their valuable possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# bring my hand + +Here "hand" refers to Gog's military power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against the ruins + +Here "ruins" refers to the people who live in the destroyed cities. AT: "against the people who live in the ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# at the center of the earth + +"in the middle of the most important countries in the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/13.md b/ezk/38/13.md index 686cbe4ebd..f44117f271 100644 --- a/ezk/38/13.md +++ b/ezk/38/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. -## translationNotes +# Sheba -* Yahweh is speaking to Gog. -* **Sheba** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:27:22]]. -* **Dedan** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:25:12]]. -* **cattle** - sheep, goats, cows +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:22](../27/22.md). + +# Dedan + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 25:13](../25/12.md). + +# Have you come to plunder? Have you assembled your armies ... to haul away much plunder? + +These two questions are used to accuse Gog of attacking Israel without cause. These can be translated as statements. AT: "It is not right for you to assemble your army to plunder, to carry off silver and gold, to take their livestock and property, and to haul away much plunder!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to take their livestock and property ... to haul away much plunder + +These phrases have similar meaning and can be combined into a single phrase. AT: "to take away their livestock and all their valuable possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/14.md b/ezk/38/14.md index 802daf4100..977b4ae455 100644 --- a/ezk/38/14.md +++ b/ezk/38/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +Yahweh tells Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog. -## translationNotes +# son of man -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. -* **On that day...learn about them** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Gog will indeed hear about the people living in Israel. AT: "On that day, when my people Israel are living securely, you will know about them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **might recognize me** - "might know me" or "might know who I am" +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# On that day ... learn about them? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Gog will indeed hear about the people living in Israel. AT: "On that day, when my people Israel are living securely, you will hear about them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# like a cloud that covers the land + +This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 38:9](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# In the latter days + +This refers to the distant future before the world ends. AT: "In the last days" or "At the end of time" or "In the distant future" + +# In the latter days ... to be holy before their eyes + +All the nations will understand that Yahweh is holy when they see what he does to Gog. + +# might know me + +"might know who I am" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/17.md b/ezk/38/17.md index db449b0bbe..1fc9e25063 100644 --- a/ezk/38/17.md +++ b/ezk/38/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Yahweh continues telling Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog. -## translationNotes +# Are you not the one ... bring you against them? -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. -* **Are you not the one of whom...them** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he was the one who brought Gog to the land of Israel. AT: "You are the one of whom...them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **of whom I spoke** - "that I spoke about" -* **against them** - "against the people of Israel" +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he was the one who brought Gog to the land of Israel. AT: "You are the one ... bring you against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# of whom I spoke + +"that I spoke about" + +# in former days + +"in the past" or "a long time ago" + +# by the hand of my servants + +Here "hand" refers to the fact that these prophets wrote down Yahweh's message. AT: "by means of my servants" or "through my servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against them + +"against the people of Israel" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# my wrath will mount up in my anger + +Here "mount up" means "rise up" and expresses that his wrath will increase. The words "wrath" and "anger" mean the same thing and emphasize how intense his anger will be. AT: "my anger will greatly increase" or "I will be very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/19.md b/ezk/38/19.md index dd97564d07..1ca5264415 100644 --- a/ezk/38/19.md +++ b/ezk/38/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. -## translationNotes +# In my zeal -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. -* **in the ardor of my anger** - "with passionate anger" or "with jealous anger" -* **with the fire of my rage** - This phrase means "with intense anger." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **The mountains will be thrown down** - "The earthquake will make mountains fall down." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] +Here "zeal" refers to Yahweh's desire to defend his honor against Gog's attacks. + +# in the fire of my anger + +The intensity of Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were as hot as fire. AT: "because my anger was intense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will shake before me + +They will shake because they are afraid. This can be explicitly stated. AT: "They will shake with fear before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The mountains will be thrown down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will make mountains fall down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/21.md b/ezk/38/21.md index c861f0f51d..56baf8feae 100644 --- a/ezk/38/21.md +++ b/ezk/38/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. He speaks of the people of Gog as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will summon a sword against him -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. -* **flooding rains, and hailstones of fire. I will bring rains of brimstone** - “and I will rain down flooding rains, hailstones, and burning sulfur” -* **hailstones** - ice that falls out of the sky -* **brimstone** - "sulfur" -* **show myself as holy** - "show that I am holy" +The word "sword" here is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. AT: "I will cause soldiers to attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on all my mountains + +This refers to the land of Israel. AT: "on all the mountains of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# each man's sword will be against his brother + +Here "sword" is a metonym for the person who uses the sword to fight. AT: "all of his soldiers will fight each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his brother + +"his fellow soldier" + +# I will judge him by plague and blood + +Here "blood" is a metonym for injury and death. AT: "I will judge him by causing him to be sick and by sending soldiers to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur I will rain down upon him + +It may be helpful to change the order of this sentence. AT: "I will rain down overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur upon him" + +# hailstones + +ice that falls out of the sky + +# show my greatness and my holiness + +The abstract nouns "greatness" and "holiness" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "show that I am great and holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will make myself known in the eyes of the many nations + +Here "eyes" refers to sight, which is a metonym for understanding. AT: "I will cause many nations to understand who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/intro.md b/ezk/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f03ed24f99 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 38 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section prophesying against Gog. Later Gog will try to conquer Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/01.md b/ezk/39/01.md index fb6aa185eb..686e150a67 100644 --- a/ezk/39/01.md +++ b/ezk/39/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:meshech]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:tubal]] +Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to Gog. -## translationNotes +# son of man -* Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to Gog. -* **Behold** - Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **I will knock your bow out of your left hand and make the arrows fall from your right hand.** - AT: "I will destroy your military power." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# Behold! + +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# I am against you + +"I am your enemy" + +# chief of Meshech and Tubal + +Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as "prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 38:2-3](../38/01.md). AT: "who is the prince of Meshech and Tubal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will turn you and lead you on + +God speaks of leading Gog as if Gog was an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bring you up + +God speaks of bringing Gog "up" to Israel because it was located in the mountains. + +# I will knock your bow out of your left hand and make the arrows fall from your right hand. + +Knocking Gog's bow and arrows out of his hands is spoken of as if God is destroying Gog's military power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/04.md b/ezk/39/04.md index 1abba5ef1c..6cda29d5af 100644 --- a/ezk/39/04.md +++ b/ezk/39/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. -## translationNotes +# your troops and the soldiers -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. -* **Magog** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:38:01]]. -* **will know that I am Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:06:06]]. +These refer to the same people. It can be stated as a single phrase. AT: "all your soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will give you to the birds of prey and the wild beasts of the fields for food + +The scavengers eating the corpses is spoken of as if Yahweh was giving food to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will send out fire on Magog + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or 2) "fire" is a metonym for the destruction that it causes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Magog + +This is the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/01.md). + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/07.md b/ezk/39/07.md index 213c9e74eb..5de620dd92 100644 --- a/ezk/39/07.md +++ b/ezk/39/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. -## translationNotes +# I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. -* **I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel** - AT: "I will make my people, Israel, know my holy name." The people of Israel will have a clearer understanding of character of Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Behold** - Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +Here the metonym "my holy name" refers to Yahweh's character. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will make my people, Israel, know that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Behold! + +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# is coming ... will take place + +These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize the fact that this will really happen. AT: "is surely going to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/09.md b/ezk/39/09.md index 83e83a1a4f..8339265f37 100644 --- a/ezk/39/09.md +++ b/ezk/39/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. -## translationNotes +# to kindle and make fires -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. -* **will plunder** - See how you translated "plundered" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:23:46]]. +These two phrases mean the same thing. The Israelites will use the wood from the weapons as kindling for fires. AT: "to start fires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# small shields, large shields, bows, arrows, the clubs and spears + +This list includes all the typical weapons of war of that day. It may represent weapons in general. + +# clubs + +wooden sticks used as a weapon + +# wanted to take ... wanted to plunder + +Here "to take" and "to plunder" mean the same thing. Gog intended to take Israel's possessions, but Yahweh prevented him so that he was not able to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# will plunder ... wanted to plunder + +Translate "plunder" as in [Ezekiel 23:46](../23/46.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/11.md b/ezk/39/11.md index 292b802358..91e4aa0c71 100644 --- a/ezk/39/11.md +++ b/ezk/39/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Yahweh begins to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. -## translationNotes +# it will happen on that day that -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. -* **it will happen...that** - an important event marker. If your language has a way for doing this, you could use it here. -* **It will block** - Possible meanings are 1) "the grave will block" or 2) "the dead army will block" -* **There they** - "There the house of Israel" -* **They will call it** - "People will call it" -* **Valley of Hamon Gog** - "Valley of the Great Army of Gog" +This signals an important event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could use it here. + +# to the east of the sea + +A few modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as "to the east toward the sea." + +# It will block + +Possible meanings are 1) "The grave will block" or 2) "The dead army will block." + +# There they + +"There the house of Israel" + +# They will call it + +"People will call it" + +# Valley of Hamon Gog + +"Valley of the Great Army of Gog" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/12.md b/ezk/39/12.md index 9ee3290ea5..2eaff2be33 100644 --- a/ezk/39/12.md +++ b/ezk/39/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. -## translationNotes +# seven months -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. -* **bury them** - "bury the people of Gog's army" -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +"7 months." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will bury them in order to purify the land + +In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bury them + +"bury the soldiers of Gog's army" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/14.md b/ezk/39/14.md index 2986189ce2..07bd309222 100644 --- a/ezk/39/14.md +++ b/ezk/39/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. -## translationNotes +# through the land -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. -* **Then they** - "Then the house of Israel" -* **will designate some men for** - "will assign some men" -* **through the land** - "through the land of Israel" -* **Hamonah** - This name means "Great Army." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"through the land of Israel" + +# those who were traveling through, but who died and their bodies remained on the surface of the land + +This refers to the dead bodies of Gog's soldiers whom Yahweh killed as they entered the land. + +# so that they may bury them + +"so that the designated men may bury the dead bodies" + +# to cleanse the land ... purify the land + +In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seventh month + +This "seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# any human bone + +Bones would be all that remained of the corpses after a period of time. + +# they will put a marker by it, until gravediggers come and bury it + +There are apparently two groups of men. The first will mark the location of corpses, and the second group will bury them. + +# Hamonah + +This name means "Great Army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/17.md b/ezk/39/17.md index 006e8e9516..3ccd1787a3 100644 --- a/ezk/39/17.md +++ b/ezk/39/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog. -## translationNotes +# son of man -* Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to the birds and the wild animals. -* **to the sacrifice** - "to the feast" or "to the slaughter." Yahweh means that he will give the birds and animals a very good meal and not that he is worshiping them. -* **they were all fattened in Bashan** - AT: "they all became fat while grazing in Bashan." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# to the sacrifice + +"to the feast" or "to the slaughter." Yahweh means that he will give the birds and animals a very good meal and not that he is worshiping them. + +# they will be rams, lambs, goats, and bulls + +Yahweh is speaking with irony. Normally people sacrificed animals to God. Here, God is sacrificing people to animals. AT: "as if they were male sheep, lambs, goats, and bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# they were all fattened in Bashan + +That can be stated in active form. AT: "they all became fat while grazing in Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/19.md b/ezk/39/19.md index 7cc2da53ce..cfc1e80b34 100644 --- a/ezk/39/19.md +++ b/ezk/39/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog. -## translationNotes +# to your satisfaction -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the birds and the wild animals. -* **chariot** - AT: "men who rode in chariots." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +The abstract noun "satisfaction" can be stated as a verb. AT: "until you are satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# until drunkenness + +The abstract noun "drunkenness" can be stated as a adjective. AT: "until you become drunk" or "until you are intoxicated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# chariot + +The metonym "chariot" refers to the men in the chariots. AT: "chariot driver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# warrior, and every man of war + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined into a single phrase. AT: "every kind of soldier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/21.md b/ezk/39/21.md index 644ff067cb..7afc25085a 100644 --- a/ezk/39/21.md +++ b/ezk/39/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will set my glory among the nations -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. -* **I will set my glory among the nations** - "I will make the nations see my glory" -* **against them** - "against the people of Gog's great army" +Yahweh speaks of his glory as if he will place it in the middle of the nations where they can see it. AT: "I will make the nations see my glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my judgment that I perform and my hand that I have set against them + +Both of these phrases refer to the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon Israel and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined into a single phrase. AT: "the way that I will judge them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my hand + +Here the metonym "hand" refers to Yahweh's power that he uses to bring punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against them + +"against Gog and his great army" + +# The house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/23.md b/ezk/39/23.md index a3d2a59d9a..7f98e8de61 100644 --- a/ezk/39/23.md +++ b/ezk/39/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. -* **I hid my face** - AT: "I stopped protecting them and taking care of them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **fell by the sword** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:32:22]]. +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of their iniquity by which they betrayed me + +The abstract noun "iniquity" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because they sinned and betrayed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I hid my face from them + +Here "face" refers to Yahweh's help and protection. AT: "I stopped protecting them and taking care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# gave them into the hand of their adversaries + +Here the metonym "hand" refers to power. AT: "gave their enemies power over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all of them fell by the sword + +Here falling represents being killed, and the sword represents battle. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/22.md). AT: "their enemies killed them all in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their uncleanness and their sins + +This speaks of the people's disgusting behavior as if they were physically unclean. Here "uncleanness" means basically the same as "sins." AT: "their disgusting behavior and their sins" or "their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/25.md b/ezk/39/25.md index 6d161640cd..a8077fd2ec 100644 --- a/ezk/39/25.md +++ b/ezk/39/25.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. -## translationNotes +# will restore the fortunes of Jacob -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about the house of Israel. -* **Thus says the Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:05]]. -* **will restore the fortunes of Jacob** - See how you translated "will restore their fortunes" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:16:53]]. -* **the treason** - "the unfaithfulness" -* **I will be sanctified through them in the eyes of many nations** - AT: "many nations will understand that I am holy because of what did for the house of Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Translate "will restore the fortunes" as in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). However, some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as "will bring Jacob back from captivity." + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# act with zeal for my holy name + +"make sure that they honor me" + +# they will bear their shame and all the treason + +Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. Possible meanings are 1) "they will regret their shame and all the treason" or 2) "they will forget their shame and all the treason." + +# the treason + +"the unfaithfulness" + +# I will show myself to be holy in the sight of many nations + +Here "sight" is a metonym for understanding. AT: "many nations will understand that I am holy because of what I did for the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/28.md b/ezk/39/28.md index 4a82d96371..a2f084a88b 100644 --- a/ezk/39/28.md +++ b/ezk/39/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. -## translationNotes +# I sent them into captivity ... I will gather them back to their land -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about the house of Israel. -* **when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel** - "when I fill the house of Israel full of my Spirit" +At the time when Ezekiel wrote, Israel was still in captivity in Babylon. + +# I will no longer hide my face from them + +Here "no longer hide my face" is an idiom that means Yahweh will not continue to abandon Israel to exile in Babylon. AT: "I will no longer abandon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel + +Here to give the Spirit abundantly is spoken of as to "pour out" the Spirit. AT: "when I generously give my Spirit to the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/intro.md b/ezk/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4efa030a31 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 39 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter concludes the prophecy against Gog. God will destroy Gog and his army. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/01.md b/ezk/40/01.md index 0443bcb1f8..82f14de329 100644 --- a/ezk/40/01.md +++ b/ezk/40/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-fifth ... tenth ... fourteenth -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These words are the ordinal forms of 25, 10, and 14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# of our captivity -* **of our captivity** - "after we became captives" or "after I went to Babylon as a captive with other people of Israel" -* **the city was captured** - AT: "the Babylonians captured the city of Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the hand of Yahweh** - See how you translated "the hand of Yahweh" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:01]]. -* **He brought me to rest** - "He put me down" +Here "our" refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. AT: "after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# the beginning of the year on the tenth day of the month + +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is in April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the city was captured + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Babylonians captured the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hand of Yahweh + +Here "hand" refers to Yahweh's power to show Ezekiel supernatural visions. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/01.md). + +# He brought me to rest + +"He put me down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/03.md b/ezk/40/03.md index 824e73dbb5..a1c6cc95b6 100644 --- a/ezk/40/03.md +++ b/ezk/40/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# he brought me there -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +"Yahweh brought me to the place that had the buildings" -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **He brought me there** - "Yahweh brought me to the place that had the buildings" -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -* **there a man appeared who looked like bronze** - "there was a person that looked like bronze" -* **linen cord** - "a rope made of linen." This is a tool for measuring very long distances. -* **linen** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:09:01]]. -* **measuring stick** - This is a tool for measuring shorter distances. -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **fix your mind on** - AT: "pay attention to" or "think about." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. +Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. + +# His appearance was like the appearance of bronze + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# linen cord + +"a rope made of linen." This is a tool for measuring very long distances. + +# linen + +This is a type of cloth. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/01.md). + +# measuring stick + +This is a tool for measuring shorter distances. + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# fix your mind on + +This idiom means "pay attention to" or "think about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/05.md b/ezk/40/05.md index 46237ff05b..5e3e62510c 100644 --- a/ezk/40/05.md +++ b/ezk/40/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# surrounding the temple area -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] +"entirely around the temple area" -## translationNotes +# Each long cubit was a cubit and a handbreadth in length -* **surrounding the temple complex** - "going all the way around the temple area" -* **six cubits in length** - "six cubits long." This was about 3.2 meters. -* **each "long" cubit equaling a cubit and a handwidth** - AT: "these were the long cubits, which were the length of a regular cubit plus a handwidth." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **handwidth** - "the width of a hand." This was about 8 centimeters. -* **the width of the building** - "the width of the wall" or "how wide the wall was." The wall was hollow like a building. -* **one stick** - "it was one stick wide." This was about 3.2 meters. -* **the height—one stick** - AT: "and one stick high" -* **up its steps** - "and he went up the steps of the gate" -* **in depth** - "from the front edge of the threshold to the back edge" -* **The guards' niches** - These were like open rooms that were built inside of the gate where guards stayed to protect the gate. -* **five cubits** - about 2.7 meters -* **between any two of the niches** - "between the rooms" -* **portico** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. +Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. AT: "These were the long cubits, which were the length of a regular cubit plus a handbreadth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# handbreadth + +"the width of a hand." This was about 8 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# one stick + +"it was one stick wide." This was about 3.2 meters. + +# the temple gate that faced east + +This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. It was not part of the temple building itself. AT: "the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding the temple" or "the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard" + +# up its steps + +"up the steps of the gate" + +# in depth + +"from the front edge of the threshold to its back edge" + +# The guard chambers + +These were rooms that were built inside of the gate where guards stayed to protect the gate. + +# five cubits + +about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# there were five cubits between any two of the chambers + +"the chambers next to each other were five cubits apart" or "there were five cubits between a chamber and the one next to it" + +# the chambers + +"the rooms" + +# portico + +This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/08.md b/ezk/40/08.md index acc5b5874b..08ae9dbfca 100644 --- a/ezk/40/08.md +++ b/ezk/40/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the portico of the gate facing the temple -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] +Here "facing the temple" means that the portico was attached to the gate in the temple courtyard. AT: "the portico of the gate on the inner side of the wall that surrounded the temple" -## translationNotes +# portico -* **portico** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **one stick** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **two cubits** - About one meter. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **The guards' niches at the gate were three in number** - "At the gate there were three rooms for the guards" -* **measured the same** - "were the same size" +This was a covering in front of a doorway or gateway with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# one stick + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). + +# two cubits + +about one meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). + +# had the same measurement + +"were the same size" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/11.md b/ezk/40/11.md index a097ac66bf..ddc36cd0ca 100644 --- a/ezk/40/11.md +++ b/ezk/40/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# gateway entrance +"the opening which was the entrance of the gate" -## translationNotes +# ten cubits -* **gateway entrance** - "the opening which was the entrance of the gate" -* **ten cubits** - about 5.4 meters (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **thirteen cubits** - about 7 meters -* **the niches** - "the alcoves" or "the rooms" -* **six cubits** - about 3.2 meters -* **one cubit** - "54 centimeters" or "about one-half meter" (UDB) -* **twenty-five cubits** - five cubits** - about 13.5 meters -* **that of the second** - "the entrance of the second niche" +about 5.4 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# thirteen cubits + +about 7 meters + +# The chambers measured six cubits + +"The chambers were 6 cubits long" + +# the chambers + +"the alcoves" or "the rooms" + +# six cubits + +about 3.2 meters + +# one cubit + +"54 centimeters" or "about one-half meter" + +# twenty-five cubits + +about 13.5 meters + +# that of the second + +"the entrance of the second chamber" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/14.md b/ezk/40/14.md index 0f4982feee..3ee1689fb4 100644 --- a/ezk/40/14.md +++ b/ezk/40/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# guard chambers -* [[en:tw:palm]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](./05.md). -## translationNotes +# sixty cubits -* **guard's niches** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **sixty cubits** - about thirty-two meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **portico** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **fifty cubits** - about twenty-seven meters -* **separated them** - "separated the guard's niches" -* **all the windows were on the inner side** - "the windows were all around on the inside" +about 32 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# portico + +This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# fifty cubits + +about 27 meters + +# closed windows + +Possible meanings are 1) "closed windows" or 2) "windows with shutters" or 3) "narrow windows." + +# likewise for the porches + +"the porches also had closed windows all around" + +# each jamb + +jambs are the sides of a wooden frame of a door \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/17.md b/ezk/40/17.md index 7017019eaf..d6cc66db25 100644 --- a/ezk/40/17.md +++ b/ezk/40/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] +There were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer courtyard, and within that, the inner wall surrounded the inner courtyard. The inner courtyard was higher than the outer courtyard. Each wall had gates on the east, north, and south sides. -## translationNotes +# the man brought me to the outer courtyard of the temple -* **outer courtyard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:10:03]]. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here shows us that Ezekiel saw something interesting. -* **pavement** - a flat floor that is made out of rocks -* **with thirty rooms next to the pavement** - AT: "and there were thirty rooms all around the pavement." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **went up to** - "went all the way to" -* **one hundred cubits** - About fifty-four meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. +"The man brought me from outside the temple area into the outer courtyard of the temple" + +# outer courtyard + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/03.md). + +# Behold + +The word "Behold" here indicates that Ezekiel saw something interesting. + +# pavement + +a flat floor that is made out of rocks + +# with thirty rooms next to the pavement + +"and there were 30 rooms all around the pavement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# went up to + +"went all the way to" + +# the front of the lower gate to the front of the inner gate + +The lower gate was on the wall of the outer courtyard, and the inner gate was on the wall of the inner courtyard. AT: "the front of the outer gate to the front of the inner gate" + +# one hundred cubits + +about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# the same on the north side + +"it was the same on the north side" or "on the north side, the distance from the outer gate to the inner gate was also one hundred cubits" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/20.md b/ezk/40/20.md index bca494adff..dd0c733122 100644 --- a/ezk/40/20.md +++ b/ezk/40/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# chambers -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](./05.md). -## translationNotes +# portico -* **niches ** - See how you translated "niches" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **portico** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **measured the same** - "had the same measurement" -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **fifty cubits** - about twenty-seven meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **twenty-five cubits** - five cubits** - about 13.5 meters -* **the main gate** - the gate that was on the eastern side of the temple +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# measured the same + +"had the same measurement" + +# fifty cubits + +about 27 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# twenty-five cubits + +about 13.5 meters + +# the main gate + +This refers to the gate on the eastern side of the outer courtyard. AT: "the main gate, which was on the eastern side of the outer wall" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/22.md b/ezk/40/22.md index 1890c34f75..204469a666 100644 --- a/ezk/40/22.md +++ b/ezk/40/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] +Ezekiel continues to describe the vision of the temple and of the man who looked like bronze. -## translationNotes +# Its windows -* Ezekiel continues to describe the vision of the temple and of the man who looked like bronze. -* **Its windows** - The word "its" refers to the the gate that was at the north of the outer court. -* **niches** - See how you translated "niches" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **corresponded to the gate that faced east** - "were like those at the gate that faced east" -* **inner courtyard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **in front of the gate facing north** - "directly across from the gate facing north" or "across the outer courtyard from the north gate" (UDB) -* **just as also there was a gate to the east** - "just as there was a gate to the inner courtyard in front of the gate facing east" -* **one gate to the other gate** - "from the outer gate on the north to the inner gate on the north" -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **one hundred cubits** - about fifty-four meters +The word "Its" refers to the gate that was on the north side of the outer courtyard. AT: "The northern gate's windows" + +# chambers + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](./05.md). + +# corresponded to the gate that faced east + +"were like those of the eastern gate" or "were like those of the eastern gate of the outer courtyard" + +# inner courtyard + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# in front of the gate facing north + +"directly across from the northern gate" or "across the outer courtyard from the northern gate" + +# the gate facing north + +"the gate on the northern side of the outer courtyard" + +# just as also there was a gate to the east + +"just as there was a eastern gate to the inner courtyard" or "just as there was a gate to the inner courtyard in front of the eastern gate" + +# from one gate to the other gate + +"from the outer gate on the north to the inner gate on the north" + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# one hundred cubits + +about 54 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/24.md b/ezk/40/24.md index c5fab87281..61f5637a63 100644 --- a/ezk/40/24.md +++ b/ezk/40/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# measured the same as the other outer gates -* [[en:tw:gate]] +"had the same measurements as the northern and eastern gates" -## translationNotes +# cubits -* **as the other outer gate** - AT: "as those of the northern and eastern gates" -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **fifty cubits** - About twenty-seven meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **twenty-five cubits** - five cubits** - About 13.5 meters. +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# fifty cubits + +about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# twenty-five cubits + +about 13.5 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/26.md b/ezk/40/26.md index d647877f5d..236659d835 100644 --- a/ezk/40/26.md +++ b/ezk/40/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# portico -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md) -## translationNotes +# on either side -* ***portico** - See you you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]] -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **one hundred cubits** - About fifty-four meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +"on both sides" + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# one hundred cubits + +about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/28.md b/ezk/40/28.md index 3a1d675f3d..317d55cf94 100644 --- a/ezk/40/28.md +++ b/ezk/40/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# inner courtyard -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## translationNotes +# by way of its southern gate -* **inner courtyard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **niches** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **porticos** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **fifty cubits** - about 27 meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **twenty-five cubits** - five cubits** - about 13.5 meters -* **five cubits** - about 2.7 meters -* **This portico faced the outer courtyard** - "the portico was toward the outer courtyard." People could go in and out of it from the courtyard. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **with carved palm trees** - "and it had carvings of palm trees" +"through its southern gate" + +# chambers + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](./05.md). + +# porticos + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# measured the same + +"had the same measurements" + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# fifty cubits + +about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# twenty-five cubits + +about 13.5 meters + +# five cubits + +about 2.7 meters + +# This portico faced the outer courtyard + +"The portico's entrance was towards the outer courtyard" + +# with carved palm trees + +"and it had carvings of palm trees" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/32.md b/ezk/40/32.md index 62807c41df..082fd916bb 100644 --- a/ezk/40/32.md +++ b/ezk/40/32.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to the inner courtyard by the eastern way +"to the east side of the inner courtyard" -## translationNotes +# cubits -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **fifty cubits** - about twenty-seven meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **twenty-five cubits** - five cubits** - about 13.5 meters +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# fifty cubits + +about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# twenty-five cubits + +about 13.5 meters + +# Its portico faced the outer courtyard + +The entrance of its portico was towards the outer courtyard \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/35.md b/ezk/40/35.md index 62807c41df..e99eebd846 100644 --- a/ezk/40/35.md +++ b/ezk/40/35.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# measured the same +"had the same measurements" -## translationNotes +# cubits -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **fifty cubits** - about twenty-seven meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **twenty-five cubits** - five cubits** - about 13.5 meters +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# fifty cubits + +about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# twenty-five cubits + +about 13.5 meters + +# Its portico faced the outer courtyard + +"The entrance of its portico was toward the outer courtyard" + +# on either side of it + +"on both sides of it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/38.md b/ezk/40/38.md index 2055408b99..b0563010c8 100644 --- a/ezk/40/38.md +++ b/ezk/40/38.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# by each of the inner gateways -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +"in each of the inner gates" -## translationNotes +# they rinsed the burnt offerings -* **by each of the inner gateways** - "in each of the inner gates" -* **they rinsed the burnt offerings** - The word "they" refers to people or priests who were bringing an offering. -* **either side** - "on both sides" -* **the burnt offering was slaughtered** - AT: "they slaughtered the burnt offering" or "they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings for "they" are 1) the people who were bringing offerings or 2) the priests who killed the animals. + +# the burnt offerings + +the animals that would be killed and burned as offerings + +# There were two tables on each side of each portico + +there were four tables—two on each side of each portico + +# the burnt offering was slaughtered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they killed the burnt offering" or "they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/40.md b/ezk/40/40.md deleted file mode 100644 index fc5a98faa6..0000000000 --- a/ezk/40/40.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/ezk/40/42.md b/ezk/40/42.md index 95a2864d29..2e770a4ab6 100644 --- a/ezk/40/42.md +++ b/ezk/40/42.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# There were four tables of cut stone -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +These were apparently different tables than the eight tables on which the sacrifices were killed. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "There were also four tables of cut stone" or "There were four other tables made of cut stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# of cut stone -* **of cut stone** - "that were made out of stone that had been cut" -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **one and a half cubits** - About 0.8 meter. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **one cubit** - about one-half meter -* **Two-pronged hooks a span long were fastened in the portico all around** - pronged hooks a span long were fastened in the portico all around** - AT: "All around the portico, people had attached hooks that were a span long and had two prongs each" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **two-pronged hooks** - pronged hooks** - something that has two long curved points, which people can hang things on -* **a span long** - about eight centimeters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]). -* **the flesh of the offerings would be put on the tables** - AT: "they would put the flesh of the offerings on the tables" +"that were made out of stone that had been cut" + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# one and a half cubits + +about 0.8 meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# one cubit + +about one-half meter + +# Two-pronged hooks a handbreadth in length were fastened in the portico all around + +"All around the portico, people had attached hooks that were a handbreadth long and had two prongs each" + +# Two-pronged hooks + +something that has two long curved points, which people can hang things on + +# a handbreadth in length + +about 8 centimeters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]). + +# the flesh of the offerings would be put on the tables + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they would put the flesh of the offerings on the tables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/44.md b/ezk/40/44.md index 840e5838e4..694a28f9fd 100644 --- a/ezk/40/44.md +++ b/ezk/40/44.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the inner gate -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This is the inner gate on the north. -## translationNotes +# singers' chambers -* **the inner gate** - This is the inner gate on the north. -* **singers’ chambers** - "rooms for singers" -* **This room facing south** - This phrase means "The room that has its main entrance on the south side." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **who are on duty in the temple** - AT: "who are working in the temple" (UDB) or "who are responsible for guarding the temple" +"rooms for singers." However, some ancient and modern versions read only "chambers" without the reference to singers. + +# one on the north side facing south, and the other on the south side facing north + +The word "chamber" or "room" is understood from the previous phrase. The phrase "facing south" means that its door is on its south side, and "facing north" means that its door is on its north side. AT: "one room on the north side facing south, and the other room on the south side facing north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# This room facing south + +This refers to the chamber on the north side of the inner courtyard. AT: "This room whose door is on its south side" or "This room on the north side of the inner courtyard" + +# who are on duty in the temple + +"who are working in the temple" or "who are responsible for guarding the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/46.md b/ezk/40/46.md index 49e3199ee6..88cc4016e7 100644 --- a/ezk/40/46.md +++ b/ezk/40/46.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The man continues speaking to Ezekiel in the vision. -## translationNotes +# The room facing north -* The man continues speaking to Ezekiel in the vision. -* **room facing north** - "that had its main entrance on the north side" -* ** who come near to** - "who approach" -* **he** - "the man" -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **one hundred cubits** - About fifty-four meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **with the altar** - "and the altar was" -* **the house** - This refers to the temple. +This refers to the room on the south side of the inner courtyard. The door of the room was on the north side of the room. AT: "This room whose door is on its north side" or "This room on the south side of the inner courtyard" + +# the priests on duty at the altar + +"the priests who were offering sacrifices on the altar" + +# come near to Yahweh to serve him + +"approach Yahweh in his temple in order to serve him" + +# he measured + +"the man measured" + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# one hundred cubits + +about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# with the altar + +"and the altar was" + +# the house + +This refers to the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/48.md b/ezk/40/48.md index 5cc68da203..b2a84abd54 100644 --- a/ezk/40/48.md +++ b/ezk/40/48.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# portico -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## translationNotes +# the house -* **portico** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **its doorposts** - "the doorposts of the house" -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **five cubits** - about 2.7 meters (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **fourteen cubits** - about 7.5 meters -* **three cubits** - about 1.6 meters -* **twenty cubits** - About eleven meters -* **eleven cubits** - About six meters -* **columns** - pieces of stone that are tall and narrow and support buildings +this refers to the temple + +# its doorposts + +"the doorposts of the house" + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# five cubits + +about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# fourteen cubits + +about 7.5 meters + +# three cubits + +about 1.6 meters + +# twenty cubits + +about 11 meters + +# eleven cubits + +about 6 meters + +# columns + +pieces of stone that were tall and narrow and supported the roof of the building \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/intro.md b/ezk/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3cd2e41975 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 40 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### The new temple and city ##### + +In a vision, Ezekiel saw a man measuring the wall of a new temple. The next chapters will give precise measurements for the construction of a temple to be built. This was not the temple of Ezra's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/01.md b/ezk/41/01.md index 58667893d2..7936232939 100644 --- a/ezk/41/01.md +++ b/ezk/41/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The man in Ezekiel's vision ([Ezekiel 40:3](../40/03.md)) continues to show Ezekiel around the temple. -## translationNotes +# the temple's holy place +the room in the temple in front of the "most holy place" + +# six cubits in width on either side + +These cubits were the "long" cubits ([Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md)), 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). "they were six cubits in width on both sides" + +# six cubits + +about 3.2 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# ten cubits + +about 5.4 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# five cubits + +about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the dimensions + +"the size" + +# forty cubits + +about 22 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# twenty cubits + +about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/03.md b/ezk/41/03.md index 512de5fae5..f2e2d08c82 100644 --- a/ezk/41/03.md +++ b/ezk/41/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# two cubits -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] +about 1.1 meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# cubits -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **to the front of the temple hall** - "like the width of the holy place" or "matching the width of the holy place" +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:05](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# six cubits + +about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# seven cubits + +about 3.8 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# twenty cubits + +about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/05.md b/ezk/41/05.md index e35f750e61..f7210a63c4 100644 --- a/ezk/41/05.md +++ b/ezk/41/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the house -* [[en:tw:house]] +the temple -## translationNotes +# six cubits +about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:05](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# four cubits + +about 2 meters + +# three levels + +"three stories" + +# There were ledges around the wall of the house + +"The house had ledges all around for the side rooms all around." This way the side rooms could rest on the ledge of the wall. + +# to support + +"so that the ledges could support" + +# for there was no support put in the wall of the house + +"for there were no supports in the wall of the house." The people who built the temple did not want stones or wood that would support the side rooms to be sticking out from the wall of the sanctuary. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/08.md b/ezk/41/08.md index f0bc98f03c..f8dc0b1708 100644 --- a/ezk/41/08.md +++ b/ezk/41/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# a raised part -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +a platform -## translationNotes +# chambers -* **a full stick** - See how you translated "stick" in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. +small rooms + +# a full stick + +Translate "stick" as in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). + +# cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:05](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# six cubits + +about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# five cubits + +about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/10.md b/ezk/41/10.md index 43a3322465..246f88eb8f 100644 --- a/ezk/41/10.md +++ b/ezk/41/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the priests' outer side rooms -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +"the side rooms of the priests that were further out from the sanctuary" -## translationNotes +# twenty cubits -* **the priests' outer side rooms** - "the side rooms of the priests that were further out from the sanctuary" +about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# five cubits + +about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The width of this open area was five cubits all around + +"The entire space between the chambers and the temple was five cubits wide, all around the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/12.md b/ezk/41/12.md index b3f9f0a9e1..e05fe90418 100644 --- a/ezk/41/12.md +++ b/ezk/41/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The building that faced the courtyard on the west side was seventy cubits in width -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +This can be stated as a separate sentence. AT: "There was a building on the west side of the temple area, and its entrance was towards the courtyard. It was seventy cubits in width" -## translationNotes +# seventy cubits ... five cubits ... ninety cubits ... one hundred cubits -* **faced** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:28]]. -* **And the separated building** - "And the building" +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). "70 cubits ... 5 cubits ... 90 cubits ... 100 cubits" or "about 38 meters ... about 2.7 meters ... about 49 meters ... about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/15.md b/ezk/41/15.md index bb03c1b82e..ca54f0c04e 100644 --- a/ezk/41/15.md +++ b/ezk/41/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the galleries -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +"the balconies." The balconies were places that were built higher up than the rest of the building. People could go into balconies and look down on the main floor of the building. -## translationNotes +# one hundred cubits -* **the galleries** - "the balconies." The balconies were places that were built higher up than the rest of the building. People could go into balconies and look down on the main floor of the building. -* **the portico** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **and spaced along all the walls round about** - "and with carefully measured spacing" +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). "100 cubits" or "about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the portico + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/18.md b/ezk/41/18.md index 808e19f510..92477efdae 100644 --- a/ezk/41/18.md +++ b/ezk/41/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# decorated -* [[en:tw:lion]] +"made beautiful" -## translationNotes +# cherubim -* **decorated** - to make something beautiful usually by putting something on it -* **the house** - "the sanctuary" +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). + +# cherub + +This is the singular form of "cherubim." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md). + +# the house + +"the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/21.md b/ezk/41/21.md index c94ed854c9..5a88218007 100644 --- a/ezk/41/21.md +++ b/ezk/41/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Their appearance was like the appearance of the wooden altar -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "They appeared the same way the wooden altar appeared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# three cubits ... two cubits -* -* **There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place** - "the holy place and the most holy place both had two doors" -* **These doors had two hinged door panels each** - "Each door had two parts that were on hinges." Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing. -* **two panels for one door and two panels for the other** - "both of the doors for both the holy place and the most holy place had two parts" +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 1.6 meters ... about 1.1 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place + +"The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors" + +# These doors had two hinged door panels each + +"Each door had two parts that were on hinges." Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing. + +# two panels for one door and two panels for the other + +"both of the doors for both the holy place and the most holy place had two parts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/25.md b/ezk/41/25.md index 302bc1b354..4bc4d523db 100644 --- a/ezk/41/25.md +++ b/ezk/41/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# just as the walls were decorated -* [[en:tw:house]] +"just as the walls also had carvings of cherubim and palm trees" -## translationNotes +# portico -* **just as the walls were decorated** - "just as the walls also had carvings of cherubim and palm trees" -* **portico** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. +covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/intro.md b/ezk/41/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..84c6822a56 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/41/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 41 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on the courtyard of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 41:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/01.md b/ezk/42/01.md index 17e73d11f6..761a7c56ab 100644 --- a/ezk/42/01.md +++ b/ezk/42/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the outer courtyard -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/03.md). -## translationNotes +# one hundred cubits ... fifty cubits ... twenty cubits -* **the outer courtyard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:10:03]]. -* **inner courtyard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **and were open to them** - "and looked out onto the inner courtyard" -* **having a walkway** - "because there was a place that you could walk along the rooms" +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "100 cubits ... 50 cubits ... 20 cubits" or "about 54 meters ... about 27 meters ... about 11 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# Some of those rooms faced the inner courtyard + +"Some of those rooms were toward the inner courtyard" or "The entrance of some of those rooms was toward the inner courtyard" + +# inner courtyard + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# were open to them + +"looked out onto the inner courtyard" + +# having a walkway + +"because there was a place where one could walk along the rooms" + +# Some of the rooms looked out onto the outer courtyard + +"Some of the rooms were toward the outer courtyard" or "The entrance of some of the rooms was toward the outer courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/04.md b/ezk/42/04.md index cda0973c57..3baa32ddf2 100644 --- a/ezk/42/04.md +++ b/ezk/42/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# ten cubits ... one hundred cubits -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "10 cubits ... 100 cubits" or "about 5.4 meters ... about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# smaller in size compared to the rooms -* **reduced in size compared to ** - "smaller than" +"smaller than the rooms" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/07.md b/ezk/42/07.md index 2fe09886d3..40c369e076 100644 --- a/ezk/42/07.md +++ b/ezk/42/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# fifty cubits ... one hundred cubits -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] - -## translationNotes - -* **facing** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:08]]. +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "50 cubits ... 100 cubits" or "about 27 meters ... about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/10.md b/ezk/42/10.md index 1e80583550..e819f9f42a 100644 --- a/ezk/42/10.md +++ b/ezk/42/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# at its head -* **at its head** - "at its beginning" +"at its beginning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/13.md b/ezk/42/13.md index 93621e94e0..0d8eabfa59 100644 --- a/ezk/42/13.md +++ b/ezk/42/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the food offering -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the food offering** - This was an offering grain or flour. People offered "food offerings" to show that they were thankful to God. +the grain or flour that the people offered to show that they were thankful to God \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/15.md b/ezk/42/15.md index 038d2c3a76..7e98d654b6 100644 --- a/ezk/42/15.md +++ b/ezk/42/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:house]] - -## translationNotes +# to the gate that faced the east +"out to the east gate" or "out through the east gate" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/16.md b/ezk/42/16.md index 548696d8aa..ebaad122ad 100644 --- a/ezk/42/16.md +++ b/ezk/42/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He measured +The word "he" refers to the man who looked like bronze. (See: [Ezekiel 40:3](../40/03.md)) -## translationNotes +# measuring stick -* **He measured** - The word "he" refers to the man who looked like bronze. (See: [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:03]]) -* **measuring stick** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). + +# five hundred cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "500 cubits" or "about 270 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/20.md b/ezk/42/20.md index 5b4577eabc..6fb2e380ea 100644 --- a/ezk/42/20.md +++ b/ezk/42/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It had a wall around it -* [[en:tw:holy]] +"The house had a wall all around it" -## translationNotes +# five hundred cubits -* **its wall with it all around had a length** - This can be translated as a new sentence, "The house had a wall all around it that had a length." +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "500 cubits" or "about 270 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# common + +not holy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/intro.md b/ezk/42/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b3d2503c0d --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/42/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 42 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focused on the storerooms for keeping the holy things of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 42:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../41/intro.md) | [>>](../43/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/01.md b/ezk/43/01.md index 62f4f5438d..7ae8239544 100644 --- a/ezk/43/01.md +++ b/ezk/43/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold! -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The word "Behold" here alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# many waters -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **like the sound of many waters** - See how you translated "Like the noise of rushing water" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:24]]. -* **the earth shone** - "the earth was full of bright light" +This simply means "a lot of water." It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:24](../01/24.md). + +# the earth shone with his glory + +"the earth was full of bright light from his glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/03.md b/ezk/43/03.md index 8514d72145..28ba76c0da 100644 --- a/ezk/43/03.md +++ b/ezk/43/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It was -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"The glory of God coming from the east was" -## translationNotes +# according to the appearance of the vision -* **And it was like** - The word "it" refers to the vision of the glory of God coming from the east. -* **when he had come to destroy the city** - Possible meanings are 1) "when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city" or 2) "when I had come to see the God of Israel destroy the city." +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "just like what appeared in the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when he had come to destroy the city + +Possible meanings are 1) "when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city" or 2) "when I had come to see the God of Israel destroy the city." + +# Behold + +Your language may have a different word to show that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/06.md b/ezk/43/06.md index 9071378819..3806519739 100644 --- a/ezk/43/06.md +++ b/ezk/43/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the corpses of their kings -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +The idols that the people's kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. AT: "the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They profaned -* **the corpses** - "the lifeless idols" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **at their shrines** - "in their burial mounds" or "in their burial monuments" -* **shrines** - something that is build to help remember someone who has died -* **They profaned** - "The house of Israel profaned" -* **disgusting actions** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:09]]. -* **consumed them with my anger** - This phase means "I completely destroyed them because I was angry." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"The Israelites profaned" + +# disgusting actions + +"the disgusting things they did." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). + +# consumed them with my anger + +The phrase "consumed" here means "completely destroyed." AT: "completely destroyed them because I was angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/09.md b/ezk/43/09.md index 6eead3ff1f..44e01e6a7e 100644 --- a/ezk/43/09.md +++ b/ezk/43/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the corpses of their kings -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] - -## translationNotes - -* **remove their faithlessness and the 'corpses'** - "stop being unfaithful and move the idols" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the corpses of their kings** - "the idols devoted to their dead kings" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The idols that the people's kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:7](./06.md). AT: "the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/10.md b/ezk/43/10.md index be33ef7cb6..5ac4964cae 100644 --- a/ezk/43/10.md +++ b/ezk/43/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# this description -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +"this pattern" or "this plan" -## translationNotes +# before their eyes -* **this description** - "this pattern" or "this plan" -* **before their eyes** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:21:06]]. -* **will keep to all its design** - "will keep the pattern" +Here the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). AT: "before them" or "before the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will keep to all its design + +"will keep its pattern" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/12.md b/ezk/43/12.md index ea849c8eab..39fe462484 100644 --- a/ezk/43/12.md +++ b/ezk/43/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the regulation -* [[en:tw:holy]] +"the instruction" or "the rule" -## translationNotes +# the surrounding border -* **the regulation** - "the instruction" or "the rule" -* **the surrounding border** - The word "border" probably refers to the wall that goes all the way around the temple. -* **most holy** - "absolutely holy" -* **See** - The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “Indeed.” +The word "border" probably refers to the wall that goes all the way around the temple. + +# most holy + +"absolutely holy" + +# Behold! + +"This is important!" Your language may have a way of indicating that the words that follow are important. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/13.md b/ezk/43/13.md index 365b0ffd69..8305ab7a8b 100644 --- a/ezk/43/13.md +++ b/ezk/43/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# a cubit ... two cubits ... four cubits -* [[en:tw:altar]] +Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 54 centimeters ... about 1.1 meters ... about 2.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# The border around its surrounding edge -* -* **the border around its surrounding edge ** - "the border going around its edge" -* **This will be the base of the altar** - "These will be the measurements of the base of the altar." -* **the base of the altar** - "the bottom supporting the altar" or "the foundation of the altar" -* **ledge** - a narrow and flat surface that sticks out from a wall +"The border going around its edge" + +# one span + +A span was 23 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. AT: "about 23 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# This will be the base of the altar + +"These will be the measurements of the base of the altar" + +# the base of the altar + +"the bottom supporting the altar" or "the foundation of the altar" + +# ledge + +a narrow and flat surface that sticks out from a wall \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/15.md b/ezk/43/15.md index a847ee18c7..6b41501966 100644 --- a/ezk/43/15.md +++ b/ezk/43/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The hearth -* [[en:tw:altar]] +the place where sacrifices were either cooked or burnt up with fire -## translationNotes +# four cubits ... twelve cubits ... fourteen cubits ... a half cubit ... a cubit -* **The hearth** - the place where sacrifices were either cooked or burnt up with fire -* **horn** - parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar +Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 2.2 meters ... about 6.5 meters ... about 7.6 meters ... about 27 centimeters ... about 54 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# horns + +The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. + +# with its steps facing east + +"with steps on the east side of the altar" or "and the altar's steps are on its east side" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/18.md b/ezk/43/18.md index 7c1650057a..249b2528c4 100644 --- a/ezk/43/18.md +++ b/ezk/43/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he said -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +"Yahweh said" -## translationNotes +# Son of man -* **he said** - "Yahweh said" -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **regulations** - "rules" or "instructions" -* **You will** - The word "you" is singular. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# regulations + +"rules" or "instructions" + +# You will + +The word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/20.md b/ezk/43/20.md index 3ec293cb8b..be457b0151 100644 --- a/ezk/43/20.md +++ b/ezk/43/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then you will take -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +The word "you" is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# four horns -* **Then you will take** - See how you translated "you" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:43:18]]. -* **four horns** - See how you translated "you" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:43:15]]. +The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/22.md b/ezk/43/22.md index fba109403b..5aa3c60ad2 100644 --- a/ezk/43/22.md +++ b/ezk/43/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# you will offer ... you finish ... offer ... offer -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +All instances of "you" and the commands refer to Ezekiel and so are singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Offer them before Yahweh -* **on the second day you** - See how you translated "You" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:43:18]]. -* **Offer them before Yahweh** - The altar on which they will sacrifice the bull and ram, is in front of the Temple where the presence of Yahweh dwells. +The altar on which they will sacrifice the bull and ram is in front of the temple, where the presence of Yahweh dwells. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/25.md b/ezk/43/25.md index 6ee2c76364..f15ad6f4f0 100644 --- a/ezk/43/25.md +++ b/ezk/43/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You must prepare -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +This is spoken to Ezekiel and so the word "You" is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# it will come about that -* **You** - See how you translated "You" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:43:18]]. -* **it will come about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the instructions. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **your burnt offerings...your peace offerings...accept you** - The words "yours" and "you" refer to the people of Israel in general. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **will accept you** - "will receive you with favor" or "will be pleased with you" +This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the instructions. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# your burnt offerings ... your peace offerings ... accept you + +The words "your" and "you" are second person plural and refer to the people of Israel in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# will accept you + +"will gladly receive you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/intro.md b/ezk/43/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..621f4c8e28 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/43/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 43 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. God entered the temple. He told the people not to defile the temple by being idol worshipers or by having the funerals of their kings in the temple courtyard. He also told them what offerings to make each day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 43:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../42/intro.md) | [>>](../44/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/01.md b/ezk/44/01.md index fa34b84341..9bb36628de 100644 --- a/ezk/44/01.md +++ b/ezk/44/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# to the outer sanctuary gate that faced east -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"to the outer sanctuary gate on the east side of the temple" -## translationNotes +# it will not be opened -* **that faced east** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **it will not be opened** - AT: "no one will open it." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the God of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:03]]. -* **portico** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **before Yahweh** - "in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one will open it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the God of Israel + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:4](../08/03.md). + +# He will enter by way of the gate's portico and go out the same way + +He will enter the courtyard through another gate and then sit in the portico of the east gate and eat. + +# portico + +covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. In this case, the portico opens into the courtyard and is between the entrance to the temple and the inside of the gate. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# before Yahweh + +"in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/04.md b/ezk/44/04.md index 7e797ac4aa..53f6349c3c 100644 --- a/ezk/44/04.md +++ b/ezk/44/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Possible meanings are 1) "Then the man" or 2) "Then Yahweh." -## translationNotes +# behold -* **Next he** - Possible meanings are 1) "Next the man" or 2) "Next Yahweh". -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -* **the glory of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:03:12]]. -* **I fell on my face** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:01:27]]. -* **set your heart** - See how you translated "fix your mind on" in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:03]]. -* **all its regulations** - "all the instructions about the house of Yahweh" +The word "behold" here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. + +# the glory of Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). + +# I fell on my face + +"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# set your heart + +"pay attention to" or "think about." Translate as you translated "fix your mind on" in [Ezekiel 40:4](../40/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all its regulations + +"all the instructions about the house of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/06.md b/ezk/44/06.md index 7ae1af7796..cffb288407 100644 --- a/ezk/44/06.md +++ b/ezk/44/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Let all of your disgusting actions be enough for you -* **Let all of your disgusting actions be enough for you** - "Your disgusting actions have been more than enough for you" or "You have done far too many disgusting deeds" -* **disgusting actions** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:09]]. +"Your disgusting actions have been more than enough for you" or "You have done far too many disgusting deeds" + +# disgusting actions + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/08.md b/ezk/44/08.md index 602737b027..bf4dd2d023 100644 --- a/ezk/44/08.md +++ b/ezk/44/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/10.md b/ezk/44/10.md index 6137d2fced..12a56c356d 100644 --- a/ezk/44/10.md +++ b/ezk/44/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# went far from me ... wandered away from me, going after their idols -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **are servants in my sanctuary** - "will be the servants in my temple" -* **watching the gates of the house** - "performing guard duty at the gates of the house" -* **they stand before them to serve them** - "these Levites stand before the people, so that they can serve the people" -* **I will lift up my hand to swear an oath** - See how you translated "I raised my hand to swear an oath" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:20:04]]. +The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. AT: "stopped worshiping me ... stopped doing what I wanted them to do. Instead, they worshiped their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are servants in my sanctuary + +"will be the servants in my temple" + +# watching the gates of the house + +"performing guard duty at the gates of the house" + +# they will stand before the people and serve them + +"these Levites will stand before the people, so that they can serve the people" + +# became stumbling blocks for sin for the house of Israel + +A person who causes another person to sin is spoken of as if he were something on a path over which people stumble. AT: "became people who caused the house of Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will lift up my hand to swear an oath + +In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/04.md). AT: "I will solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# against them + +"that I will punish them" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# they will bear their punishment + +The abstract noun "punishment" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I will certainly punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/13.md b/ezk/44/13.md index 882ed2d4c6..a8a23b4f8e 100644 --- a/ezk/44/13.md +++ b/ezk/44/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# They -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **They** - "These Levites" -* **come near** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:46]]. -* **will bear their reproach and their guilt** - "will be ashamed and suffer the consequences for" -* **disgusting actions** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:05:09]]. -* **keepers** - a person whose job is to guard or take care of something or someone -* **that is done in it** - AT: "that they need to do in it." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +the Levites ([Ezekiel 44:10](./10.md)) + +# They will not come near + +"I will not permit them to come near." Yahweh does not want them to come to him the way a servant comes to a king to receive commands, as the descendants of Zadok will do ([Ezekiel 40:46](../40/46.md)). + +# will bear their reproach and their guilt + +"will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them" + +# disgusting actions + +"the disgusting things you do." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). + +# keepers + +people who guard or take care of something + +# that is done in it + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that they need to do in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/15.md b/ezk/44/15.md index 3a0f63e982..3117d4d470 100644 --- a/ezk/44/15.md +++ b/ezk/44/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# those sons of Zadok who fulfilled -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **the sons of Zadok who fulfilled** - "who are descendants of Zadok and fulfilled" -* **were wandering away from following me** - This phrase means "stopped listening and obeying me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **will come near me** - "will approach me" -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +"who are descendants of Zadok and fulfilled" + +# were wandering away from me + +This is an idiom. "stopped listening and obeying me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/17.md b/ezk/44/17.md index a56dacc030..24220de8c5 100644 --- a/ezk/44/17.md +++ b/ezk/44/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## translationNotes +# So it will be that -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -* **So it will be that ** - "So" -* **the inner courtyard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **linen** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:09:01]]. -* **wool** - cloth or clothing made of the soft hair of sheep -* **turban** - a head covering that is that is made of a long cloth wrapped around the head +"So" + +# the inner courtyard + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# linen + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/01.md). + +# wool + +cloth or clothing made of the soft hair of sheep + +# turbans + +A turban is a head covering that is that is made of a long cloth wrapped around the head. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/19.md b/ezk/44/19.md index b89f519e8a..05765c69c9 100644 --- a/ezk/44/19.md +++ b/ezk/44/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about how the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests are to do their duties. -## translationNotes +# outer courtyard -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -* **outer courtyard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:10:03]]. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/20.md b/ezk/44/20.md index d94a932d1d..b18ea3aca1 100644 --- a/ezk/44/20.md +++ b/ezk/44/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## translationNotes +# must trim the hair of their heads -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -* **shave** - cut a person's hair so short that the it is easy to see the skin of the person -* **trim the hair of their heads** - "cut the hair on their heads so that it is neither too long nor too short" -* **widow** - a woman whose husband has died -* **from the line of the house of Israel** - "who is a descendant of the people of Israel" -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. +must keep their hair neat + +# widow + +a woman whose husband has died + +# from the line of the house of Israel + +"who is a descendant of the people of Israel" + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/23.md b/ezk/44/23.md index 76a44b24e8..5004f09222 100644 --- a/ezk/44/23.md +++ b/ezk/44/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## translationNotes +# In a dispute they will stand to judge with my decrees -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -* **a dispute** - "an argument" +"When people are arguing, they will be the ones who decide who is right by applying my laws" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/25.md b/ezk/44/25.md index 2c636da34e..6c8accbb67 100644 --- a/ezk/44/25.md +++ b/ezk/44/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## translationNotes +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/28.md b/ezk/44/28.md index 612a4ee32a..ce7ed85d89 100644 --- a/ezk/44/28.md +++ b/ezk/44/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## translationNotes +# you -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -* **So you** - The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. -* **property** - land that a person owns and uses to provide for the needs of his family -* **in Israel** - "in the land of Israel" +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# property + +land that a person owns and uses to provide for the needs of his family + +# in Israel + +"in the land of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/30.md b/ezk/44/30.md index fc0ea831e0..6d830e4018 100644 --- a/ezk/44/30.md +++ b/ezk/44/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:mealoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## translationNotes +# every contribution, anything from all of your contributions -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -* **and every contribution, anything from all of your contributions** - "and every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts" or "and all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts" -* **so that blessing may rest on your house** - This phrase means "so that I will bless your family and everything that belongs to you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **or animal torn by a beast, whether bird or beast** - AT: "or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts" or "all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts" + +# so that blessing may rest on your house + +This phrase means "so that I will bless your family and everything that belongs to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# or animal torn by a beast, whether bird or beast + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/intro.md b/ezk/44/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..90ff8cd268 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/44/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 44 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. Foreigners and the Levites who have worshiped idols are not allowed in the temple. The priests alone will do the temple work. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 44:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../43/intro.md) | [>>](../45/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/01.md b/ezk/45/01.md index 4934d0162e..aa9bc84749 100644 --- a/ezk/45/01.md +++ b/ezk/45/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# twenty-five thousand cubits in length ... ten thousand cubits in width ... five hundred cubits ... fifty cubits in width -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **all its area round about** - "all of the area inside of the borders that go around it" +Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits long ... 10,000 cubits wide ... 500 cubits ... 50 cubits wide" or "about 13.5 kilometers long ... about 5.4 kilometers wide ... about 270 meters ... about 27 meters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# all its area round about + +"all of the area inside of the borders around it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/03.md b/ezk/45/03.md index 93b8bd4dbf..7699a8e6b2 100644 --- a/ezk/45/03.md +++ b/ezk/45/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# this area -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **this area** - the temple and the border surrounding it -* **a portion** - "a portion of land" -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **and holy for the sanctuary** - "and a holy place for the sanctuary" +the temple and the border surrounding it + +# a portion + +"a portion of land" + +# twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers ... about 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/06.md b/ezk/45/06.md index 9ad566ac4c..9f581fdb20 100644 --- a/ezk/45/06.md +++ b/ezk/45/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# five thousand cubits ... twenty-five thousand -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **provided for the sanctuary** - AT: "that you offered as holy" or "that you gave for the holy place." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions** - It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince's land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. AT: "The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **from the west to the east** - It is implied that these are the western and eastern borders of the land of Israel. AT: "from the border of Israel on the sea" or "from the border of Israel on the west." +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "5,000 cubits ... 25,000 cubits" or "about 2.7 kilometers ... about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# reserved for the holy place + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that you gave for the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions + +It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince's land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. AT: "The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the west to the east + +It is implied that these are the western and eastern borders of the land of Israel. "from the western border of Israel at the sea to the eastern border at the Jordan River" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/08.md b/ezk/45/08.md index f5623c3950..f0ff5cc771 100644 --- a/ezk/45/08.md +++ b/ezk/45/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## translationNotes +# This land will be property for the prince in Israel -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -* **This land will be property for the prince in Israel** - "In the land, this will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel" +"This portion of the land will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/09.md b/ezk/45/09.md index abaacf6eed..3343c61b71 100644 --- a/ezk/45/09.md +++ b/ezk/45/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# It is enough for you -* **It is enough for you** - "You have done far too much of this" or "You have been acting this way for far too long" -* **scales** - an instrument that was used to weight things that people sold or bought -* **so that a bath will be a tenth of a homer** - "so that ten baths will be the same amount as a homer" -* **homer** - about 220 liters (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **shekel** - about 11 grams (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **gerahs** - about 0.55 grams (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **mina** - about 660 grams (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +"You have done too many bad things" or "You have been acting badly for far too long" + +# scales + +an instrument that was used to weigh things that people sold or bought + +# so that a bath will be a tenth of a homer + +"so that ten baths will be the same amount as a homer" + +# homer + +about 220 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# shekel + +about 11 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# gerahs + +about 0.55 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# mina + +about 660 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/13.md b/ezk/45/13.md index 7230a26fcb..89aabef5e2 100644 --- a/ezk/45/13.md +++ b/ezk/45/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# for every homer of wheat -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -* **for every homer of wheat** - It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that that the people harvest. AT: "for every homer of wheat from the harvest." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **The regulation offering of oil will be** - "This is the rule about the oil, about the bath of oil" -* **the watered regions of Israel** - "the parts of Israel that get a good amount of water" -* **will be used for** - AT: "You will use these contributions for." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that the people harvest. AT: "for every homer of wheat from the harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The regulation offering of oil will be a tenth of a bath + +"You must offer one tenth of a bath of oil" + +# the watered regions of Israel + +"the parts of Israel that get a good amount of water" + +# will be used for + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you will use for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/16.md b/ezk/45/16.md index 8022da34fd..eb65235406 100644 --- a/ezk/45/16.md +++ b/ezk/45/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the fixed festivals -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -* **the fixed festivals** - "the appointed festivals" -* **the house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:03:01]]. +the festivals that happen at the same time every year or month or week + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/18.md b/ezk/45/18.md index 99a7bf33dd..683807a0ef 100644 --- a/ezk/45/18.md +++ b/ezk/45/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# The Lord Yahweh says this -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -* **you will take** - The word "you" is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_yousingular]]) -* **for each person’s sin by accident** - "for each person who had sinned without meaning to" or "for each person who had sinned by accident" -* **or ignorance** - "or had sinned because he did not know any better" or "or had sinned because he did not know what was right" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# In the first month, on the first day of the month + +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# you will take + +The word "you" is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# on the seventh of the month + +"on the seventh day of the first month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# for each person's sin by accident or ignorance + +"for each person who had sinned without meaning to or because he did not know he was sinning" or "for each person who had sinned by accident or because he did not now what was right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/21.md b/ezk/45/21.md index e7e109017d..c43e841e2f 100644 --- a/ezk/45/21.md +++ b/ezk/45/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# In the first month on the fourteenth day of the month -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -* **for you** - The word "you" is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# for you + +The word "you" is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/23.md b/ezk/45/23.md index 5a2738d5fe..7e3fa4ba7e 100644 --- a/ezk/45/23.md +++ b/ezk/45/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# food offering -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -* **food offering** - This is also called a "grain offering." -* **seven bulls and seven unblemished rams** - "seven bulls and seven rams that are completely healthy" +This is also called a "grain offering." + +# Seven bulls and seven unblemished rams + +"Seven bulls and seven rams that are completely healthy" + +# an ephah + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "twenty-two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a hin + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "four liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# each ephah + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "each twenty-two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/25.md b/ezk/45/25.md index 4bab932bd9..20f110d733 100644 --- a/ezk/45/25.md +++ b/ezk/45/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# In the seventh month on the fifteenth day of the month -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -* **at the festival** - This is a different festival than the festival Ezekiel was describing before. +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# at the festival + +This is a different festival from the festival Ezekiel was describing before. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/intro.md b/ezk/45/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..299e9ab792 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/45/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 45 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There should be an area around the temple complex for the homes of the priests and Levites who work at the temple. People should celebrate the festivals. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 45:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../44/intro.md) | [>>](../46/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/01.md b/ezk/46/01.md index e9d6467464..ba4c045fa6 100644 --- a/ezk/46/01.md +++ b/ezk/46/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# The Lord Yahweh says this -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -* **inner courtyard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:16]]. -* **facing east** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:11:01]]. -* **inner gate** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:17]]. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The gate of the inner courtyard, facing east + +"the gate on the east side of the inner courtyard" or "the eastern gate of the inner courtyard" + +# inner courtyard + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# inner gate + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:19](../40/17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/03.md b/ezk/46/03.md index 1d776d7cee..1be0ec7f73 100644 --- a/ezk/46/03.md +++ b/ezk/46/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# before Yahweh -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -* **before Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:43:22]]. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:24](../43/22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/06.md b/ezk/46/06.md index 23ca996c94..4f005ee691 100644 --- a/ezk/46/06.md +++ b/ezk/46/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# unblemished -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -* **portico** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:08]]. +perfectly healthy and normal + +# portico + +covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/09.md b/ezk/46/09.md index 9126ba1b62..f9fe10e3bd 100644 --- a/ezk/46/09.md +++ b/ezk/46/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 44:3](../44/01.md). -## translationNotes +# appointed festivals -* **before Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:44:01]]. -* **appointed festivals** - See how you translated "appointed feasts" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:36:37]]. +Translate as you translated "appointed feasts" in [Ezekiel 36:37](../36/37.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/11.md b/ezk/46/11.md index 62af3cc579..5dfc135f19 100644 --- a/ezk/46/11.md +++ b/ezk/46/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the gate facing east will be opened for him -* [[en:tw:festival]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Levites will open the gate facing east for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the gate facing east -* **for it** - "for himself" +"the eastern gate" or "the gate on the east side of the courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/13.md b/ezk/46/13.md index 58a56aa609..de6b9b5ca5 100644 --- a/ezk/46/13.md +++ b/ezk/46/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## translationNotes +# to moisten -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -* **to moisten ** - "which will soak" +"which will soak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/16.md b/ezk/46/16.md index 299623b3a4..f9a2d8c050 100644 --- a/ezk/46/16.md +++ b/ezk/46/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The Lord Yahweh says this -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# year of liberty -* **year of liberty** - This is the year that a servant gains freedom. This is also called the "Year of Jubilee." +This is the year that a servant gains freedom. This is also called the "Year of Jubilee." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/19.md b/ezk/46/19.md index ca61be923e..89a739192f 100644 --- a/ezk/46/19.md +++ b/ezk/46/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# which faced north -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +"which had their main entrances to the north" -## translationNotes +# behold! -* **which faced north** - "which had their main entrances to the north" -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel saw something interesting. -* **outer courtyard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:10:03]]. +Ezekiel saw something interesting. + +# outer courtyard + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/21.md b/ezk/46/21.md index 7d9371f095..ab29a9ad17 100644 --- a/ezk/46/21.md +++ b/ezk/46/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# outer courtyard -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/03.md). -## translationNotes +# forty cubits ... thirty -* **outer courtyard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:10:03]]. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel saw something interesting. -* **there were four corner courtyards** - "there were courtyards that had four corners" -* **There the same dimensions for all four four of the corner courtyards** - "All four of the courtyards in the corners were the same size" +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "40 cubits ... 30 cubits" or "about 21.6 meters ... about 16.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cooking hearths + +places where people can build fire and cook food \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/intro.md b/ezk/46/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7810880db5 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/46/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 46 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on many of the temple's rules. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 46:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../45/intro.md) | [>>](../47/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/01.md b/ezk/47/01.md index c10c045f21..941a201d17 100644 --- a/ezk/47/01.md +++ b/ezk/47/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for the front of the temple faced east -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] +"for the front of the temple was its east side" -## translationNotes +# to the right of the altar -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here shows that what Ezekiel saw was important. -* **faced east** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **to the right of the altar** - This is the right side of the altar when a person looks at it while they are facing east. So, it is on the south side of the altar. AT: "on the south side of the altar." +This is the right side of the altar when a person looks at it while they are facing east, so it is on the south side of the altar. AT: "on the south side of the altar" + +# the gate facing east + +"the eastern gate" or "the eastern gate of the outer wall" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/03.md b/ezk/47/03.md index 91876ec80d..46edcd35f4 100644 --- a/ezk/47/03.md +++ b/ezk/47/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# measuring line +a string or a rope that people use to measure longer distances -## translationNotes +# one thousand cubits -* **measuring line** - a string or a rope that people use to measure longer distances +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. AT: "1,000 cubits" or "about 540 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# a river that could not be crossed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a river that no one could cross on foot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/06.md b/ezk/47/06.md index 1a0c0cf675..8484482783 100644 --- a/ezk/47/06.md +++ b/ezk/47/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Son of man -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## translationNotes +# do you see this? -* **Son of man** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:02:01]]. -* **do you see this** - AT: "Pay attentions to this" or "think about this carefully" (UDB). See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:08:14]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here shows that what Ezekiel was important. +Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:15](../08/14.md). AT: "think about this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/09.md b/ezk/47/09.md index 470df102e8..d65ffc86db 100644 --- a/ezk/47/09.md +++ b/ezk/47/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then it will happen -* [[en:tw:fisherman]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:7](../21/06.md). -## translationNotes +# En Gedi -* **It will happen** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:21:06]]. -* **En Gedi** - a very large spring on the western side of the Salt Sea -* **to dry out** - "for people to dry out" -* **En Eglaim** - a large spring on the eastern side of the Salt Sea +This is the name of a very large spring on the western side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a place to dry out the fishing nets + +"a place for people to dry out their fishing nets" + +# En Eglaim + +This is the name of a large spring on the eastern side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/11.md b/ezk/47/11.md index a0cbd58167..ad67124c11 100644 --- a/ezk/47/11.md +++ b/ezk/47/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# swamps -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +places with shallow water and trees growing in deep mud -## translationNotes +# marshes -* **swamps** - places that have water but are also muddy -* **marshes** - places that have shallow water +places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/13.md b/ezk/47/13.md index 1dd4d58cd8..14f22a9635 100644 --- a/ezk/47/13.md +++ b/ezk/47/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Joseph will have two portions -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The person is a metonym for his descendants. AT: "the descendants of Joseph will receive two areas of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I lifted up my hand and swore -* **Joseph will have two portions** - AT: "the descendants of Joseph will receive two areas of land." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **each man and brother among you** - This phrase means "each person receiving an equal amount of land." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I lifted up my hand to swear** - See how you translated "I raised my hand to swear" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:20:04]]. -* **in the same way this** - "so, indeed, this" +In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/15.md b/ezk/47/15.md index b7b86ff232..e826cc8a28 100644 --- a/ezk/47/15.md +++ b/ezk/47/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# boundary -* [[en:tw:Damascus]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] +the end of an area of land -## translationNotes +# Hethlon ... Zedad ... Berothah ... Sibraim ... Hazer Hattikon ... Hauran ... Hazar Enan -* **Hethlon** - the name of a place that was probably a little ways north and east of Tripoli. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Lebo Hamath** - the name of a place that was in Lebanon about 72.5 kilometer directly north of Damascus -* **Zedad** - the name of a city in Lebanon that was probably in the same place that Sadad is today. Sadad is about 53 kilometer north-east of where Lebo Hamath probably was. -* **Berothah** - a place in Lebanon that is a little bit south of where Baalbek is -* **Sibraim** - a place between Damascus and Hamath -* **Hazer Hatticon** - a place that was probably between Damascus and Hauran -* **Hauran** - a place east of the sea of Galilee. It was probably close to where Es Suwayda is. -* **Hazar Enon** - a place in Syria. It was probably in the same place as Al Quaryatayn, which is about 113 kilometers north-east of Damascus. +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# border + +where two areas of land meet \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/18.md b/ezk/47/18.md index 7adf7ade90..0a7d20b61f 100644 --- a/ezk/47/18.md +++ b/ezk/47/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Hauran ... Tamar ... Meribah Kadesh ... Hamath -* [[en:tw:Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:JordanRiver]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Then the south side -* **Tamar** - a city about 32 kilometers southwest from the southern part of the Salt Sea. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Meribah Kadesh** - a place on the border between Israel and Egypt, halfway between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea -* **the Brook of Egypt** - a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai +You may need to add the omitted word. AT: "Then measure the south side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the brook of Egypt + +a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/21.md b/ezk/47/21.md index 5b80113bbf..7d1f606364 100644 --- a/ezk/47/21.md +++ b/ezk/47/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then it will happen that -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:7](../21/06.md). -## translationNotes +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -* **for yourselves** - The word "yourselves" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **Then it will happen that** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:21:06]]. -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/intro.md b/ezk/47/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23f025e350 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/47/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 47 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There was a river flowing from the temple. The land was to be divided among the tribes. The landscape of Jerusalem will have changed in a significant way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 47:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../46/intro.md) | [>>](../48/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/01.md b/ezk/48/01.md index 7de98576c8..ec9b4c71d2 100644 --- a/ezk/48/01.md +++ b/ezk/48/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# one portion of land -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +"one piece of the land that you will distribute" -## translationNotes +# boundary will run ... boundary will go -* **one portion of land** - "one piece of the land that you will distribute" -* **Hethlon...Lebo Hamath...Hazar Enan** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:47:15]]. +"boundary will be ... boundary will be" + +# Hethlon ... Lebo Hamath ... Hazar Enan + +names of towns. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:15-17](../47/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/04.md b/ezk/48/04.md index db201d8fdc..7a19f94835 100644 --- a/ezk/48/04.md +++ b/ezk/48/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# one portion -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +Translate as you translated "one portion of land" in [Ezekiel 48:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# from the east side to the west -* **one portion** - See how you translated "one portion of land" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:48:01]]. -* **extending from the east side to the west side** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:48:01]]. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:3](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/08.md b/ezk/48/08.md index 2a344728f0..2430f7a06d 100644 --- a/ezk/48/08.md +++ b/ezk/48/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **wide** - "from north to south +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/10.md b/ezk/48/10.md index d638f3111e..96d9e99c31 100644 --- a/ezk/48/10.md +++ b/ezk/48/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The priests will have land assigned to them -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The leaders of the Israelites will assign land to the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits -* **The offering for them will be a portion of this most holy land** - "This smaller portion within the holy portion of the land will belong to these priests, a portion that is more holy than the rest of the holy portion of the land" +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The offering for them will be a portion of this most holy land + +"This smaller portion within the holy portion of the land will belong to these priests, a portion that is more holy than the rest of the holy portion of the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/13.md b/ezk/48/13.md index 31845affda..389d5e106c 100644 --- a/ezk/48/13.md +++ b/ezk/48/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# this firstfruits -* **this first fruits** - "this land which is the first fruits." The people will give this land to Yahweh as a type of first fruit offering from the land that he will give them. +"this land which is the firstfruits." Here "firstfruits" probably means the best things among all the offerings set aside to give to God. This land is spoken of in that way, as land set aside for Yahweh's use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/15.md b/ezk/48/15.md index 088728391d..8814066913 100644 --- a/ezk/48/15.md +++ b/ezk/48/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# five thousand cubits ... twenty-five thousand cubits +"5000 cubits ... 25,000 cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "almost 2.3 kilometers ... about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# will be for the collective use of the city -* **will be for the collective use of the city** - "will be an area that is shared among the people of the city" -* **the houses, and the pastureland** - "as a place for houses and for an open space" +"will be an area that all the people of the city will share and use" + +# 4,500 cubits + +"four thousand five hundred cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 2.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the houses, and the pastureland + +"as a place for houses and for an open space" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/17.md b/ezk/48/17.md index 4108dcb69e..724f932344 100644 --- a/ezk/48/17.md +++ b/ezk/48/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# 250 cubits ... ten thousand cubits -* [[en:tw:holy]] +"two hundred and fifty cubits ... 10,000 cubits." A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 135 meters ... about 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# its produce -* **its produce** - "the things grown there" +"the food that grows there" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/19.md b/ezk/48/19.md index e8cfbb0fb6..bce7ac1ee9 100644 --- a/ezk/48/19.md +++ b/ezk/48/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# twenty-five thousand cubits -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -* **In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city.** - "You will offer the holy offering and also the property of the city" -* **you** - This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **the holy offering** - the land that the people of Israel gave to Yahweh for the Levites, the priests, and the temple +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city. + +"You will offer the holy offering and also the property of the city" + +# you + +This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the holy offering + +the land that the people of Israel gave to Yahweh for the Levites, the priests, and the temple \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/21.md b/ezk/48/21.md index da7cfdf47c..a5e0acf097 100644 --- a/ezk/48/21.md +++ b/ezk/48/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the holy offering -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:18](./17.md). -## translationNotes +# twenty-five thousand cubits -* **the holy offering** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:48:17]]. -* **the temple sanctuary** - "the temple of the house" or "the temple of the sanctuary" +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/23.md b/ezk/48/23.md index 49d5db3336..7d23296156 100644 --- a/ezk/48/23.md +++ b/ezk/48/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# one portion -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] - -## translationNotes - -* **one portion** - See how you translated "one portion of land" in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:48:01]]. +Translate as you translated "one portion of land" in [Ezekiel 48:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/27.md b/ezk/48/27.md index b3b98f237c..9b219f9253 100644 --- a/ezk/48/27.md +++ b/ezk/48/27.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:tamar]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Tamar ... Meribah Kadesh -* Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -* **Tamar...Meribah Kadesh...Brook of Egypt** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:47:18]]. -* **you** - This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **cast lots** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezk:45:01]]. -* **This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:05:11]]. +names of towns. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the brook of Egypt + +a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# you + +This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# cast lots + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 45:1](../45/01.md). + +# This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/30.md b/ezk/48/30.md index 304de9ae59..d3315593ed 100644 --- a/ezk/48/30.md +++ b/ezk/48/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# 4,500 cubits -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] - -## translationNotes - -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **4,500 cubits** - about 2.4 kilometers. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +"four thousand five hundred cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 2.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/33.md b/ezk/48/33.md index fef9af519a..2bded05d3f 100644 --- a/ezk/48/33.md +++ b/ezk/48/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# 4,500 cubits -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] - -## translationNotes - -* **cubits** - See how you translated these "long" cubits in [[:en:bible:notes:ezk:40:05]]. -* **4,500 cubits** - about 2.4 kilometers. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +"four thousand five hunded cubits." This is about 2.4 kilometers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/intro.md b/ezk/48/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53c48be5c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/48/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Ezekiel 48 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There is more dividing of the land between the tribes in this chapter as well. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 48:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../47/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/front/intro.md b/ezk/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9a364c2652 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Introduction to Ezekiel # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Ezekiel #### + +1. The approaching destruction of Jerusalem (Chapters 1–27) + - Call of Ezekiel (1:1–3:21) + - Judgment against what people have done (3:22–11:25) + - Prediction of Jerusalem's fall and captivity of its people (12:1–27:7) +1. The prophecies, oracles, and laments toward neighboring nations (25:1–32:32) +1. Oracles of hope (33:1–48:35) + - New covenant (33:1–22) + - New life (34:1–31) + - Edom the enemy, destroyed (35:1–15) + - Israel restored (36:1–37:28) + - Gog and Magog (38:1–39:29) + - The Temple idealized and the city restored (40:1–48:35) + + +#### What is Ezekiel about? #### + +This book contains prophecies that were given between 592 BC and 573 BC. Ezekiel tells the Jewish people in exile in Babylonia that God has punished them for their sin and unfaithfulness to him, but that he will restore Judah. God is using Babylon to punish them, but the enemy nations will be crushed in their turn. There is prophecy about the restoration and renewal of worship, the sacrificial system, and the new temple. The Book of Ezekiel ends with the reallocation of the Israel's land among all the tribes of Israel. Ezekiel concludes with the overarching principle that "Yahweh is there." + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"Ezekiel" may also be called the "The Messages from God brought by Ezekiel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Ezekiel? #### + +The prophecies in the Book of Ezekiel came through Ezekiel, a prophet who lived near Babylon in the time of the exile. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was Ezekiel's temple? #### + +A large portion of the Book of Ezekiel gives instructions regarding the building of a new temple. However, this temple is not the same as the temple the people would build after going back to Jerusalem. Because Ezekiel's temple has never been built, some people believe that this temple is to be built in the future. Others believe that Ezekiel's temple is symbolic of the Church. + +#### Do the sacrifices in Ezekiel follow the law of Moses? #### + +If one was to compare some of the required sacrifices in Numbers 28 with the sacrifices in Ezekiel 46, there are some differences. These differences probably exist because Ezekiel prophesies about a new temple with a new sacrificial system. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +===How should one represent Ezekiel's visions in translation?=== + +The Book of Ezekiel has many complicated visions, with dazzling and stunning images. Some of his visions became the foundation for many other books of Scripture that also contain descriptions of events of the end of the world. Some of these visions are about God rescuing Israel in the distant future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +It is unclear whether Ezekiel actually traveled to particular places named in the visions, or whether he had only a mental idea of what he was describing. For this reason, Ezekiel's viewpoint is sometimes difficult to understand, even though the visions' meanings may be clear. + +Translators should avoid the temptation to explain these visions; instead, the visions should be presented just as they are in the source text. + +#### What does "and you will know that I am the Lord" mean? #### + +This is a common phrase in the Book of Ezekiel. It is meant to assure the reader that these messages truly come from God, and that he will do what he has promised. The translator may also use the phrase "and you will understand that I am God and what I say will happen." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/01.md b/ezr/01/01.md index 7cd5aebee3..4b87b300b0 100644 --- a/ezr/01/01.md +++ b/ezr/01/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# first year -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This refers to the beginning of the reign of King Cyrus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh fulfilled his word that came from the mouth of Jeremiah -* **first year** - referring to the beginning of reign of King Cyrus (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **came from the mouth of Jeremiah** - That Jeremiah wrote or spoke about. -* **this is what was written** - This refers to the following text that contains King Cyrus' proclamation. +Here "mouth" represents speaking. AT: "Yahweh did what Jeremiah prophesied that Yahweh would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Yahweh ... stirred Cyrus's spirit + +Here Cyrus is represented by his spirit. This speaks of Yahweh causing Cyrus to want to act as if he "stirred" his spirit. AT: "Yahweh ... made Cyrus want to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Cyrus' voice went out over his entire kingdom + +The voice is a metonym for the message the voice speaks, and the kingdom is a metonym for the people whom a king rules. AT: "Cyrus sent a message to everyone over whom he ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was written and spoken + +This can be translated in active form. It might be best to translate so the reader understands that other people might have helped Cyrus get the message to the people over whom he ruled. AT: "what Cyrus wrote and what his messengers read so people could hear them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the kingdoms of the earth + +Here "all" is an exaggeration, as there were kingdoms over which Cyrus did not rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# for him a house in ... Judea + +You may need to make explicit that the house was for people to worship Yahweh. AT: "a house in ... Judea where people can worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/03.md b/ezr/01/03.md index 469b1d29a0..681b1b295a 100644 --- a/ezr/01/03.md +++ b/ezr/01/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# his people -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +the people who belong to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# survivors of that land ... should provide them -* **his people** - God's chosen people or the people who belong to Yahweh. -* ** survivors of that land are living should provide them** - Those Israelites that choose to stay should help those who choose to go physically and financially. +Those Israelites who choose to stay where they are should help those who choose to go to Jerusalem physically and financially. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/05.md b/ezr/01/05.md index 02fd8edb9d..159636e56d 100644 --- a/ezr/01/05.md +++ b/ezr/01/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# their work -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This refers to the work of the people roused by God in the previous verse. -## translationNotes +# everyone whose spirit God stirred to go -* **their work** - Refers to the work of the people in the previous verse roused by God. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) -* **everyone whose spirit God roused to go** - God put the desire to go back to Israel in the hearts of people to build his house. +Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. See how you translated these words in [Esra 1:1](./01.md). AT: "everyone whom God had made want to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/07.md b/ezr/01/07.md index 33e79cbad1..5d2055c4f1 100644 --- a/ezr/01/07.md +++ b/ezr/01/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Mithredath ... Sheshbazzar -* [[en:tw:judea]] +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# put them into the hand of Mithredath the treasurer -* **Mithredath** - This is a man's name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Sheshbazzar** - This is a man's name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **treasurer** - An official in charge of money. +Putting an object into someone's hand is a metaphor for allowing that person to do what he wants with that object. Here the reader should understand that Cyrus expected Mithredath to do what Cyrus wanted him to do. AT: "put Mithredath the treasurer in charge of them" or "made Mithredath the treasurer responsible for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# treasurer + +official in charge of money \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/09.md b/ezr/01/09.md index 56fbf5a6f5..1abbf112c2 100644 --- a/ezr/01/09.md +++ b/ezr/01/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This is a list of numbered items. -## translationNotes +# thirty ... one thousand ... twenty-nine ... 410 -* This is a list of numbered items. -* **thirty...one thousand...twenty nine** - 30 (thirty), 1,000 (one thousand), and 29 (twenty nine). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **basins and bowls** - objects used to hold water for washing -* **5,400 gold and silver items in all** - the total number of items returned to Jerusalem from Babylon, listed above individually. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"30 ... 1,000 ... 29 ... four hundred and ten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# basins ... bowls + +objects used to hold water for washing + +# 5,400 ... in all + +"five thousand four hundred ... in all." This is the total number of items returned to Jerusalem from Babylon, which are listed above individually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/intro.md b/ezr/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd8327db70 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Ezra 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The chapter records the story of the first Jews as they return from Persia to Judea. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King Cyrus ##### +King Cyrus allowed them to return because he wanted them to rebuild the temple. Those who stayed behind gave gifts to those who left to help them on their journey and resettlement. This practice was common under the reign of Cyrus and was used as a way to maintain peace throughout his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Jews ##### +Upon return to Judea, the focus of the rest of the Old Testament is on the Jewish people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Esra intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/01.md b/ezr/02/01.md index e3c30f2be2..2f620c3497 100644 --- a/ezr/02/01.md +++ b/ezr/02/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Exile]] -* [[en:tw:Zerubbabel]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mordecai]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nehemiah]] +This begins a list of the names of people who returned from the exile. -## translationNotes +# went up -* Begins a list of names of people. -* **Seraiah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Reeliaiah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bilshan** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* ** Mispar** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bigvai** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Rehum** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Baanah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is an idiom that refers to traveling toward Jerusalem. AT: "returned" or "came back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Rehum, and Baanah + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# This is the record + +This refers to the list of men in 2:3-35. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/03.md b/ezr/02/03.md index b424d49678..a452feedba 100644 --- a/ezr/02/03.md +++ b/ezr/02/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Parosh ... Shephatiah ... Arah ... Pahath-Moab ... Jeshua -* **Parosh** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shephatiah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Arach** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jeshua** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/07.md b/ezr/02/07.md index 254846afb3..3c6df8793f 100644 --- a/ezr/02/07.md +++ b/ezr/02/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elam]] +This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Zattu ... Zakkai ... Bani -* **Zattu** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zaccai** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bani** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/11.md b/ezr/02/11.md index 6e4416e063..f307bc34d6 100644 --- a/ezr/02/11.md +++ b/ezr/02/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Bebai ... Azgad ... Adonikam -* **Bebai** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Azgad** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Adonikam** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bigvai** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:01]]. +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bigvai + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:02](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/15.md b/ezr/02/15.md index dd11f67da3..a17321d57d 100644 --- a/ezr/02/15.md +++ b/ezr/02/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] +This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Adin ... Ater ... Bezai -* **Adin** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ater** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bezai** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# ninety-eight + +"98" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/19.md b/ezr/02/19.md index 112f827660..4ca55a012e 100644 --- a/ezr/02/19.md +++ b/ezr/02/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This continues the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. Notice that staring in 2:21 these now are the names of places from where they originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Hashum ... Gibbar -* **Hashum** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gibbar** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Netophah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# ninety-five ... fifty-six + +"95 ... 56" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# The men of Bethlehem + +This begins to list the number of people whose ancestors had lived in towns in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Netophah + +This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/23.md b/ezr/02/23.md index 1b0b638bda..32c4f06052 100644 --- a/ezr/02/23.md +++ b/ezr/02/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ramah]] +This continues the list people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Anathoth ... Azmaveth ... Kiriath Arim ... Kephirah ... Beeroth ... Geba -* **Anathoth** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Azmaveth** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kiriath Arim** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Chephirah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Beeroth** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Geba** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# forty-two + +"42" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/27.md b/ezr/02/27.md index 0e5e484803..5250faa0ca 100644 --- a/ezr/02/27.md +++ b/ezr/02/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This continues with the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Michmas ... Nebo ... Magbish -* **Michmash** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Nebo** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **fifty-two** - two** - 52 (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **magbish** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fifty-two + +"52" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/31.md b/ezr/02/31.md index 4f8bb18f24..26a42aba9b 100644 --- a/ezr/02/31.md +++ b/ezr/02/31.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This continues with the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Harim ... Lod ... Hadid ... Ono -* **Harim** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Lod** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hadad** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ono** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/34.md b/ezr/02/34.md index 0f0aa5ab97..98d8ba82fa 100644 --- a/ezr/02/34.md +++ b/ezr/02/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This continues with the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Senaah -* **Senaah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/36.md b/ezr/02/36.md index 39aa502621..4a9ebaf4e7 100644 --- a/ezr/02/36.md +++ b/ezr/02/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This section lists the names of priests whose descendants returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Jedaiah ... Immer ... Pashhur ... Harim -* **Jedaiah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jeshua** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:03]]. -* **Immer** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Pashhur** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Harim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:31]]. +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeshua + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:06](./03.md). + +# Harim + +The "Harim" in [Esra 2:32](./31.md) is the name of a place, but here "Harim" is the name of a man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/40.md b/ezr/02/40.md index 4679c19917..4b7d2cc232 100644 --- a/ezr/02/40.md +++ b/ezr/02/40.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +This section lists the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Kadmiel ... Hodaviah ... Shallum ... Talmon, Akkub, Hatita, and Shobai -* (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Kadmiel** - This is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hodaviah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **gatekeepers** - Those in charge of who enters or exits the gates of the temple. -* **Shallum** - This is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ater** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:ezr:02:15]] -* **Talmon** - This is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Akkub** - This is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hatita** - This is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shobai** - This is a man's name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seventy-four + +"74" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# gatekeepers + +those in charge of who goes through the gates of the temple + +# Ater + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:16](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/43.md b/ezr/02/43.md index 8fafe02740..93682576ef 100644 --- a/ezr/02/43.md +++ b/ezr/02/43.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. -## translationNotes +# Ziha, Hasupha, Tabbaoth, Keros, Siaha, Padon, Lebanah, Hagabah ... Hagab, Shalmai, and Hanan -* **Ziha** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hasupha** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Tabbaoth** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kereos** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Siaha** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Padon** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Lebanah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hagabah** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Akkub** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:40]] -* **Hagab** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shalmai** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hanan** - This is a man's name. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Akkub + +See how you translated this in [Esra 2:42](./40.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/47.md b/ezr/02/47.md index 56717fad58..0a8e443d13 100644 --- a/ezr/02/47.md +++ b/ezr/02/47.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* A continuation of the list of names of people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/51.md b/ezr/02/51.md index 3d472033f0..0a8e443d13 100644 --- a/ezr/02/51.md +++ b/ezr/02/51.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/55.md b/ezr/02/55.md index 0287c36d2a..b1af5ad608 100644 --- a/ezr/02/55.md +++ b/ezr/02/55.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Servant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# 392 total descendants -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"three hundred and ninety-two total descendants." This is the number of all the people in this group who came back from the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/59.md b/ezr/02/59.md index 7d15650b7c..f53d5fbd7b 100644 --- a/ezr/02/59.md +++ b/ezr/02/59.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +This is a list of people who had returned to Israel from various Babylonian cities but could not prove their heritage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Tel Melah, Tel Harsha, Kerub, Addon, and Immer -* ( See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Tel Melach, Tel Charsha, Kerub, Addan, and Immer** - These were places in Babylon that no longer exist. +These are the names of places in Babylon that no longer exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 652 descendants + +"six hundred and fifty-two descendants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Delaiah, Tobiah, and Nekoda + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/61.md b/ezr/02/61.md index b86351cd69..061ade8844 100644 --- a/ezr/02/61.md +++ b/ezr/02/61.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Habaiah ... Hakkoz ... Barzillai -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# their genealogical records -* **They tried to find their geneology in the register** - Only true descendants of Aaron where allowed to serve as priests before God in His temple. -* **Urim and Thummim** - A form of divination approved by God to discern issues that require God's intervention. +the records that told who their ancestors were + +# could not find them + +"could not find their names in the records of the priests" + +# they were excluded from the priesthood as unclean + +This can be translated in active form. The abstract noun "priesthood" can be translated as the verb "work as priests." AT: "the other priests treated them as if they were unclean and did not allow them to work as priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# unclean + +not fit to be priests + +# Urim and Thummim + +two items like dice that the priests used to decide what God wanted them to do \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/64.md b/ezr/02/64.md index 9cfb1c037f..f0111bdf39 100644 --- a/ezr/02/64.md +++ b/ezr/02/64.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# whole group -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This means the whole group that returned back to the land of Judah from the exile. -## translationNotes +# 42,360 -* **whole group** - the whole group that returned back to the land of Judah. -* ** their maidservants** - "their female servants" +"forty-two thousand three hundred and sixty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# their maidservants + +"their female servants" + +# these were 7,337 + +"these were seven thousand three hundred and thirty-seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two hundred + +"200" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/66.md b/ezr/02/66.md index fc5a98faa6..44d54283ce 100644 --- a/ezr/02/66.md +++ b/ezr/02/66.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - - -## translationNotes +# General Information: +This is a list of the animals along with the numbers of each kind that returned with the people from the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/68.md b/ezr/02/68.md index 55301d6560..ca87b77c85 100644 --- a/ezr/02/68.md +++ b/ezr/02/68.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# sixty-one thousand ... five thousand ... one hundred +"61,000 ... 5,000 ... 100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# gold darics -* **gold darics** - A "daric" was a small gold coin used by the Persian Empire. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **minas** - A measure of money by weight. Minas is normally linked with measuring silver. (See: [[:En:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +A "daric" was a small gold coin used by the Persian Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# minas + +A mina is a unit of weight. One mina equals 550 grams. Minas are normally linked with measuring silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# tunics + +garments worn next to the skin \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/70.md b/ezr/02/70.md index e46ac4b991..7ae8b3cc4f 100644 --- a/ezr/02/70.md +++ b/ezr/02/70.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# All the people in Israel were in their cities -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] - -## translationNotes - -* **All the people in Israel were in their cities** - Everyone went back to their home towns in Judea. Not everyone resettled in Jerusalem. +Everyone went back to their home towns in Judea. Not everyone resettled in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/intro.md b/ezr/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2553c88bd --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezra 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Genealogy ##### +People had to prove they were priests, or that they were Jews, through their genealogies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/01.md b/ezr/03/01.md index 9ead648373..f7a9ac3b17 100644 --- a/ezr/03/01.md +++ b/ezr/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the seventh month -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:zerubbabel]] +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the early rain season. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# as one man -* **gathered together as one person** - A simple comparison expressing common purpose. -* **Jeshua** - See how you wrote this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:36]]. -* **Shealtiel** - Name of a man.(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +One man is in only one place and has only one purpose. AT: "for one purpose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Jeshua + +This is the name of a man. Translate the same as in [Esra 2:36](../02/36.md). + +# Shealtiel + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# rose up and built + +Standing up is a metaphor for beginning to act. AT: "began to act and built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as commanded in the law of Moses + +This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit whom and what Yahweh had commanded. AT: "as Yahweh had commanded them to do in the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/03.md b/ezr/03/03.md index 2a09d68c7e..867c1f9d6d 100644 --- a/ezr/03/03.md +++ b/ezr/03/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# established the altar on its stand -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"mounted the altar on its stand" or "placed the altar on its stand so it would stay there" -## translationNotes +# dread was on them -* **dread was on them** - The people were living in fear of the people currently living in the land. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They offered burnt offerings to Yahweh at dawn and evening** - One of the first things the people did was to re-institute the temple sacrifices. This was before the temple was rebuild. +This is an idiom. AT: "they were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# because of the people of the land + +You may need to make explicit what it was about the people of the land that made the Jews afraid. AT: "because they thought the people of the land wanted to attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They offered burnt offerings to Yahweh at dawn and evening + +One of the first things the people did was to begin offering sacrifices. This was before the temple was rebuilt. + +# the Festival of Shelters + +This is a festival that was celebrated for eight days during the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It was associated with the time of the exodus when the Israelites lived in tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/06.md b/ezr/03/06.md index 4c4eec9135..9286278990 100644 --- a/ezr/03/06.md +++ b/ezr/03/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the first day of the seventh month -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the temple had not been founded -* **the first day of seventh month** - "the first day of seventh month when they returned to Jerusalem." As stated in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:03:01]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the temple had not been founded** - "the temple had not been rebuilt" -* **as authorized for them by Cyrus, king of Persia** - The letters sent by Cyrus gave the Jews permission to buy materials and build the temple. The Jews were responsible to pay for the materials and labor out of the funds they collected before leaving Persia. +The Jews began the ceremonies of worship even before they started building the temple. AT: "they had not yet laid the foundation for the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as authorized for them by Cyrus, king of Persia + +The letters sent by Cyrus gave the Jews permission to buy materials and build the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/08.md b/ezr/03/08.md index 080ce7ec1b..ede26c99e4 100644 --- a/ezr/03/08.md +++ b/ezr/03/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# second month -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:zerubbabel]] +This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. This is during the warm season when people are harvesting crops. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the second year -* **second month of the second year** - Numbered month and year counting from their arrival at the temple. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **twenty years old** - An age based on counting years from birth. -* **Kadmiel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:40]]. -* **Henadad** - A man's name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is during the year after the one in which they returned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# to the house of God + +You may need to make explicit that there was no house of God standing when they arrived. AT: "to where the house of God had stood" or "to where they were going to build the house of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jeshua ... Jozadak ... Henadad + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty years old + +"20 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Kadmiel + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:40](../02/40.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/10.md b/ezr/03/10.md index 82e6f31477..70705909bf 100644 --- a/ezr/03/10.md +++ b/ezr/03/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# laid a foundation -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"foundation" in this sense was more than just the stone blocks to support the temple walls. It included the entire temple floor set in stone. This enabled all the temple worshipers to wear their special garments and keep them clean. -## translationNotes +# their garments -* **laid a foundation** - "foundation in this sense was more than just the stone blocks to support the temple walls. It included the entire temple floor set in stone. This enabled all the temple worshipper to wear their special garments and keep them clean. -* **their garments** - "their special robes" -* **cymbals** - Round metal (normally brass) disks that are hit to produce a ringing or clashing sound. -* **thankfulness** - A feeling and expression of appreciation and gratitude for the kindness of another. +"their special robes" + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the hand of David ... had commanded + +The hand of a king is a metonym for the power to give commands. AT: "as David ... had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# thankfulness + +A feeling and expression of appreciation and gratitude for the kindness of another. + +# His covenant faithfulness to Israel endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "He faithfully loves Israel forever" or "He is always faithful to his covenant with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/12.md b/ezr/03/12.md index 27dc7f3db1..f96858aa6f 100644 --- a/ezr/03/12.md +++ b/ezr/03/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# first house -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:patriarchs]] +This refers to the first temple that Solomon built, the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# before their eyes -* **first house** - Refers to the first temple that Solomon built. (See: [[en:obe:other:solomon]]) -* **wept loudly** - Refers to emotional expression of sorrow involving tears and vocal sounds. +The people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. AT: "in their sight" or "and they saw it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# wept loudly + +This refers to emotional expression of sorrow involving tears and vocal sounds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/intro.md b/ezr/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f656a5094a --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ezra 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of worship in the new temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rebuilding the temple ##### +They immediately began the temple worship, even though the temple had not yet been built because they feared the people of the surrounding nations. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/01.md b/ezr/04/01.md index b644582a12..dd9b12ab60 100644 --- a/ezr/04/01.md +++ b/ezr/04/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] +The non-Jewish people offer to help build the temple. -## translationNotes +# who had been exiled -* Jewish people offer to help build the temple. -* **Esarhaddon, king of Assyria** - He ruled before Cyrus. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "whom the Babylonians had taken into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Zerubbabel + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:2](../02/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Esarhaddon, king of Assyria + +He ruled in Assyria before Cyrus ruled in Persia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/03.md b/ezr/04/03.md index 93bed06d3a..585a092b3d 100644 --- a/ezr/04/03.md +++ b/ezr/04/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeshua +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:06](../02/03.md). -## translationNotes +# It is not you, but we who must build -* **Jeshua** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:03]]. -* **It is not you, but we who must build** - possible meanings are 1) the Jewish leader felt that only they were authorized by Cyrus to build the temple or 2) building the temple was the exclusive work of the Jews, no non-Jew would be permitted to contribute to the work. There was strong objection to the non-Jews participating regardless of the reason. +Possible meanings are 1) the Jewish leader felt that Cyrus had authorized only them to build the temple or 2) building the temple was the exclusive work of the Jews and no non-Jew would be permitted to contribute to the work. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/04.md b/ezr/04/04.md index d25d1bd11e..3a406014eb 100644 --- a/ezr/04/04.md +++ b/ezr/04/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the people of the land -* [[en:tw:cyrus]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"the people who were living in the land at that time," which could include non-Jews and Jews whose families the Babylonians had not taken into exile -## translationNotes +# made the Judeans' hands weak -* **made the Judeans' hands weak** - discouraged the Judeans (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] ) -* **Judeans** - The people who returned and settled in the land of Judah were called Judeans. -* **afraid** - to be fearful -* **to frustrate their plans** - "to frustrate Israel's plans to build the temple" +This speaks of the people of the land discouraging the Judeans as if they made their hands physically weak. AT: "discouraged the Judeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Judeans + +people who returned from Babylon and settled in the land of Judah + +# to frustrate their plans + +"to make it so the Judeans could not build the temple as they had planned" + +# wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem + +The abstract nouns "accusation" can be translated as a verb "accuse." You may need to make explicit what the enemies accused the Judeans of doing. AT: "wrote a letter in which they accused those who lived in Judah and Jerusalem of disobeying the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/07.md b/ezr/04/07.md index 376c2c7475..072f2fe13f 100644 --- a/ezr/04/07.md +++ b/ezr/04/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Bishlam ... Mithredath ... Tabeel ... Shimshai -* [[en:tw:ahasuerus]] +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# The letter -* **Bishlam, Mitredath, Tabeel, and Shimshai** - names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Rehum** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:01]]. -* **Aramaic** - a language used in that area at the time. +This is the letter spoken of in [Esra 4:6](./04.md). + +# Aramaic + +the language used in that area at the time for official business + +# translated + +into Persian + +# Rehum + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/09.md b/ezr/04/09.md index c2d1aac4dc..0161170985 100644 --- a/ezr/04/09.md +++ b/ezr/04/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Erech ... Susa -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:elam]] +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Ashurbanipal -* **Din, Afarsatak, Tarpel, Afaras, Erech, Susa, and Deha** - These are names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ashurbanipal** - This is a name of a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Province Beyond the River + +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/11.md b/ezr/04/11.md index 5f308cb8de..e87a2420af 100644 --- a/ezr/04/11.md +++ b/ezr/04/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This is a copy -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +Ezra includes in his writing the content of the letter sent to King Artaxerxes. -## translationNotes +# the Province Beyond the River -* **this is a copy** - Ezra includes in his writing the content of the letter sent to King Artaxerxes. -* **repaired the foundation** - AT: "fixed the foundation" or "mended the foundation" +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a rebellious city + +The city is a metonym for the people who live in it. AT: "a city that they plan to live in and rebel against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# repaired the foundations + +"fixed the foundations" or "mended the foundations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/13.md b/ezr/04/13.md index a5166241f5..6ed67b8103 100644 --- a/ezr/04/13.md +++ b/ezr/04/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# if this city is built and the wall is completed -* [[en:tw:king]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "if they build the city and complete the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# but they will harm the kings -* **but they will harm the kings** - The harm is referring to the lack of money the kings would have available for their projects. +The word "harm" refers to the Judeans no longer giving money to the kings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/14.md b/ezr/04/14.md index f24ba596c2..e2d5591f12 100644 --- a/ezr/04/14.md +++ b/ezr/04/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# we have eaten the palace salt -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:province]] +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the writers being loyal to the king or 2) the king giving the writers special honors. AT: "we are loyal to you" or "you have honored us by making us your officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# a rebellious city -* **eaten the palace salt** - This is a figure of speech describing the support they get from the palace. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **there will be nothing remaining for you beyond the Great River** - "There will be no taxes for you to collect beyond the Euphrates river." These men are seeking to incite the King against the Jews by exaggerating the impact one small rebuilt town would have on their tax revenue. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The city is a metonym for the people who live in it. AT: "a city in which live people who have rebelled against your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the city was destroyed + +This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who destroyed the city. The "city" represents the people who live in it. AT: "the Babylonians destroyed the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if this city and wall are built + +This can be translated in active form. See how you translated these words in [Esra 4:13](./13.md). AT: "if they build the city and wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there will be nothing remaining for you + +Here "nothing" is an exaggeration to make the king think that he will be losing much tax money if the Judeans rebel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the Province Beyond the River + +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/17.md b/ezr/04/17.md index d1f5d8bc3a..454d67779b 100644 --- a/ezr/04/17.md +++ b/ezr/04/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the Province Beyond the River -* [[en:tw:letter]] +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# The letter that you sent me has been translated and read -* **translated** - was made clear in one's own language -* **Rehum** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:01]] -* **Shimshai** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:04:07]] -* **the River** - "the Euphrates River:" +This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who translated and read the letter to the king. AT: "I have had my servants translate and read the letter that you sent to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Rehum + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:2](../02/01.md). + +# Shimshai + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:8](./07.md). + +# the River + +the Euphrates River \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/20.md b/ezr/04/20.md index bd89429058..07942ee972 100644 --- a/ezr/04/20.md +++ b/ezr/04/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the Province Beyond the River +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Tribute and taxes were paid to them -* **make a decree** - "make a law" -* **Be careful not to neglect this** - "Be careful to do this" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Why should damage increase to injure kings?** - AT: "You must make sure these people continue to pay their taxes" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The people in Jerusalem paid tribute and taxes to those kings" or "Those kings were able to collect tribute and taxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make a decree + +"make a law" + +# Be careful not to neglect this + +The litotes "not to neglect" is an understatement to emphasize that the writers want Artaxerxes to do what they tell him to do. AT: "Be careful to do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Why allow this threat to grow and cause more loss for the royal interests? + +Artaxerxes uses a question to tell them that he understands that he will lose taxes and honor if the city is built. AT: "You must make sure that this threat does not grow and cause more loss for the royal interests." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# threat to grow + +Danger is spoken of as if it were a plant that could increase in size. AT: "danger to become worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cause more loss for the royal interests + +The words "the royal interests" are a metonym for the king himself. AT: "cause more bad things to happen to the kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/23.md b/ezr/04/23.md index ac16937bcc..7b9d3efb0a 100644 --- a/ezr/04/23.md +++ b/ezr/04/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# King Artaxerxes' decree was read -* [[en:tw:darius]] +This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who read the decree from the king to the officials. AT: "The messengers from King Artaxerxes read his decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Rehum -* **Rehum** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:01]]. -* **Shimshai** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:04:07]]. -* **the work on the house of God in Jerusalem stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius** - This delay lasted about 16 years. +See how you translated this in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md). + +# Shimshai + +See how you translated this in [Esra 4:7](./07.md). + +# the work on the house of God in Jerusalem stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius + +This delay lasted about 16 years. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/intro.md b/ezr/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3250cd48f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ezra 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Helping to build the temple ##### +The people of the surrounding nations offered to help to build the temple. It is unknown why the Jews refused their help. These other people became their enemies and tried to hinder the work. They even persuaded the king of Persia to stop the Jews from building. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/01.md b/ezr/05/01.md index 7309afd325..a2052c5249 100644 --- a/ezr/05/01.md +++ b/ezr/05/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Iddo ... Jeshua ... Jozadak -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:haggai]] +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Shealtiel -* **Iddo, Jeshua, Jozadak** - Names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shealtiel** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:03:01]]. -* ** to build the house of God** - This was the temple of God. +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 3:1](../03/01.md). + +# to build the house of God + +This was the temple of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/03.md b/ezr/05/03.md index 4c698ebf19..b67199ec8e 100644 --- a/ezr/05/03.md +++ b/ezr/05/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Tattenai ... Shethar-Bozenai -* [[en:tw:decree]] +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the Province Beyond the River -* **Tattenai, Shethar Bozenai** - These are names of people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **God's eye was on** - A figure of speech to express God watching over. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They were waiting for a decree to come from Darius** - The Jews restarted building the temple while waiting for King Darius to state if they were to stop. +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated it in [Esra 4:10](../04/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# God's eye was on + +The eye represents the person watching over another person. AT: "God was watching over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for a letter to be sent to the king and for a decree to be returned to them + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "for an official to send a letter to the king and for the king to send a letter back to them with a decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/06.md b/ezr/05/06.md index b1dfc0b1ac..98c7f6a54e 100644 --- a/ezr/05/06.md +++ b/ezr/05/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This is a copy of the letter -* [[en:tw:darius]] +Ezra includes the contents of the letter to King Darius regarding their work on the temple. -## translationNotes +# the Province Beyond the River -* **This was the letter** - Ezra includes the contents of the letter to King Darius regarding their work on the temple. -* **Tattenai, Shethar Bozenai** - These are names of officials that were against the Jews rebuilding the temple. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:10](../04/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/08.md b/ezr/05/08.md index 6aab38f95e..1f32c2b4a1 100644 --- a/ezr/05/08.md +++ b/ezr/05/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:province]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Esra 5:7](./06.md) continues. -## translationNotes +# timbers -* **timbers** - wood for building -* **Who gave you a decree...** - "Who gave you permission..." +wood for building + +# Who gave you a decree + +"Who gave you permission" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/11.md b/ezr/05/11.md index 4c12e68a7e..ca719c83be 100644 --- a/ezr/05/11.md +++ b/ezr/05/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Esra 5:7](./06.md) continues. -## translationNotes +# We are servants of the one -* **We are servants of the one** - Possible meaning are 1) they were calling the Jewish people servants of God or 2) those who replied were from the tribe of Levi & Aaron, who were the ones actually responsible the temple worship and sacrifices. -* **completed it** - AT: finished it +Possible meaning are 1) they were calling the Jewish people servants of God or 2) those who replied were from the tribe of Levi and Aaron, who were the ones actually responsible for the temple worship and sacrifices. + +# that had been built many years ago when the great king of Israel built it and completed it + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that the great king of Israel had built and supplied all the equipment for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# completed it + +"supplied all the equipment for it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/12.md b/ezr/05/12.md index fce16dd4a2..756cc02893 100644 --- a/ezr/05/12.md +++ b/ezr/05/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +The letter from Tattenai to the king continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in [Esra 5:11](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# enraged the God of heaven -* ** enraged the God of heaven** - The God of heaven became angry. -* **destroyed this house** - AT: "tore down this house" -* **into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar** - became slaves of Nebuchadnezzar's kingdom. -* **Cyrus issued a decree to rebuild the house of God** - Cyrus ordered God's temple to be rebuilt. +"made the God of heaven become very angry with us" + +# he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house and took the people + +The hand is a metonym for power or control. Also, "Nebuchadnezzar" represents his army. AT: "allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, the Chaldean, to destroy this house and to take the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# destroyed this house + +"tore down this house" + +# Cyrus issued a decree to rebuild the house of God + +Cyrus ordered that the people rebuild God's temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/14.md b/ezr/05/14.md index 3d9b8a757d..edae0a5dd0 100644 --- a/ezr/05/14.md +++ b/ezr/05/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Esra 5:7](./06.md) continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in ([Esra 5:11](./11.md)). -## translationNotes +# Sheshbazzar -* **Sheshbazzar** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:01:07]]. -* **He restored them** - King Cyrus return the temple objects. +See how you translated this in [Esra 1:7](../01/07.md). + +# He restored them + +King Cyrus returned the temple objects. + +# Let the house of God be rebuilt + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I want the Judeans to rebuild the house of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/16.md b/ezr/05/16.md index e3e02f7b73..f565dfbb41 100644 --- a/ezr/05/16.md +++ b/ezr/05/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Esra 5:7](./06.md) continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in ([Esra 5:11](./11.md)). -## translationNotes +# it is being constructed, but is not yet complete -* **it is being constructed** - "it is being built" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people are now constructing it, but they have not done all the work yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# constructed + +built \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/17.md b/ezr/05/17.md index 58265bcb68..a70b6dbc26 100644 --- a/ezr/05/17.md +++ b/ezr/05/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Esra 5:7](./06.md) continues. Tattenai has finished telling the king what the Judeans told him and now asks the king to see if what the Judeans told him was true. -## translationNotes +# may it be investigated -* **may it be investigated** - To find out. -* **if a judgment from King Cyrus** - if an order from King Cyrus +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I would like you to have someone investigate this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if a judgment from King Cyrus exists there + +"if there is a record there that King Cyrus issued a law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/intro.md b/ezr/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e30e0de870 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ezra 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rebuilding the temple ##### +The prophets Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the Jews to begin again building the temple. This was very important to life in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/01.md b/ezr/06/01.md index bb6785355b..2190754ba1 100644 --- a/ezr/06/01.md +++ b/ezr/06/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# ordered an investigation +The abstract noun "investigation" can be expressed with the verbs "investigate" or "search." AT: "ordered his officials to investigate" or "ordered his officials to search" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# ordered an investigation -* **house of archives** - A collection of important government records. -* **Ecbatana** - name of a city (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +What they were to investigate can be stated clearly. AT: "ordered his officials to investigate the records" or "ordered his officials to search and find out if there was a record of King Cyrus telling the Jews to build the house of God in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# house of archives + +This is a building where the king's officials kept the important government records. + +# Ecbatana + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a scroll was found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they found a scroll" or "they found a scroll that told about Darius and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/03.md b/ezr/06/03.md index 74a0ad471f..df57a98bdd 100644 --- a/ezr/06/03.md +++ b/ezr/06/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +This begins the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# In the first year of King Cyrus -* **sixty cubits** - about 90 feet. -* **three rows** - 3 layers of foundation stones. +It can be stated clearly that this is the first year of his reign. AT: "In year 1 of the reign of King Cyrus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Let the house be rebuilt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let the Jews rebuild the house" or "The Jews must rebuild the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sixty cubits + +"60 cubits." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "twenty-seven meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits, with three rows of large stones and a row of new timber + +This can be stated as a new sentence. Possible meanings are 1) this describes how to build the foundation. AT: "cubits. Build the foundation on three layers of large stones covered with one layer of timber" or 2) this describes how to build the walls. AT: "cubits. Build the house's walls with three layers of large stones alternating with one layer of timber" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let the cost be paid by the king's house + +The phrase "the king's house" represents King Cyrus's own wealth in the royal treasury. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will pay for it with money from the royal treasury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/06.md b/ezr/06/06.md index a34469d4da..f2b7a98d6e 100644 --- a/ezr/06/06.md +++ b/ezr/06/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This continues the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Esra 6:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# Tattenai ... Shethar-Bozenai -* **Tattenai and Shethar Bozenai** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:05:03]]. -* **Leave the work of this house of God behind you** - "to Leave alone the work of this house of God" +Darius writes directly to these men. Translate their names as in [Esra 5:3](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Province Beyond the River + +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated it in [Esra 4:10](../04/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/08.md b/ezr/06/08.md index c6e9b89c3e..e3642b5786 100644 --- a/ezr/06/08.md +++ b/ezr/06/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This continues the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Esra 6:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# Funds from the king's tribute beyond the River will be used to pay these men -* **Funds from the king's tribute beyond the River** - King Darius supports the temple building from taxes collected from the nations east of the Euphrates River. -* **Do this so they will ... pray for...the king, and my sons.** - Darius has respect or does fear the God of the Jews. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Use funds from the king's tribute beyond the river to pay these men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Funds from the king's tribute beyond the River + +"The king's tribute" refers to taxes that people pay the king. AT: "Money from the taxes that you collect for the king from the people beyond the river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Whatever is needed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Whatever they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/11.md b/ezr/06/11.md index bc35259d35..48c5997b47 100644 --- a/ezr/06/11.md +++ b/ezr/06/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This continues the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Esra 6:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# a beam must be pulled from his house and he must be impaled on it. His house must then be turned into a rubbish heap -* **beam** - a long, sturdy piece of wood, supporting the roof of a house -* **impaled** - pierced through. -* **May the God...overthrow any king...who violates this house of God...** - Though Darius knows that God does not need Darius to defend His house, Darius seeks to be on God's side in support of the temple. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I command my officials to pull a beam from his house and impale him on it. They are then to turn his house into a rubbish heap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# beam + +a long, sturdy piece of wood, supporting the roof of a house + +# impaled + +pierced through + +# who lifts a hand to change ... or to destroy + +Lifting the hand represents trying or daring to do something. AT: "who tries to change ... or to destroy" or "who dares to change ... or to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to change this decree + +The abstract noun "decree" can be expressed with the phrase "what I have decreed." AT: "to change what I have decreed" or "to say that I have decreed something else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/13.md b/ezr/06/13.md index c0c848ffe9..fddbe63584 100644 --- a/ezr/06/13.md +++ b/ezr/06/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Tattenai ... Shethar-Bozenai -* [[en:tw:artaxerxes]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:cyrus]] -* [[en:tw:darius]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:haggai]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +Translate the names of these men as you did in [Esra 5:03](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# The house was completed -* **Tattenai, Shethar Bozenai** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:05:03]] -* **third day; sixth year** - measurements of time (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **The house** - "God's house" or "The temple" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Adar** - name of a month (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit which house they completed. AT: "They completed God's house" or "They finished building the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the third day of the month of Adar + +"Adar" is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the cold season. The third day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# sixth year + +King Darius had been ruling for five years, so he was now in year number six of his reign. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/16.md b/ezr/06/16.md index 43b3a3787d..807d0710e5 100644 --- a/ezr/06/16.md +++ b/ezr/06/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the rest of the captives -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +These people had been captured and taken to Babylon, but they returned to Jerusalem. AT: "the rest of the people who had been taken captive to Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem" or "the rest of the people who had returned from captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# one hundred bulls ... four hundred lambs -* **one hundred bulls** - 100 bulls (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **four hundred lambs** - 400 lambs -* **Twelve male goats** - 12 male goats +"100 bulls ... 400 lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to work divisions + +The abstract noun "work divisions" can be expressed with a verbal phrase. AT: "to work in groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# work divisions + +"groups that work together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/19.md b/ezr/06/19.md index bbe8baf5d3..e3924050d1 100644 --- a/ezr/06/19.md +++ b/ezr/06/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# fourteenth day of the first month -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# purified themselves -* **fourteenth day, first month** - numbers in a sequence of time (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **purified themselves** - "purified themselves according to the law of Moses" Before priest can make sacrifices for others, they first must make sure they are pure before God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"made themselves pure." Being pure represents being acceptable to God. AT: "made themselves acceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/21.md b/ezr/06/21.md index cfdfe1aaac..8d44a8ba59 100644 --- a/ezr/06/21.md +++ b/ezr/06/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# separated themselves from the uncleanness of the people of the land -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] +Separating themselves from uncleanness represents refusing to do things that make people unclean. AT: "They refused to do the things that the people of the land did that made them unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the uncleanness of the people of the land -* **separated themselves from the uncleanness of the people** - The Jewish people did not intermarry and kept themselves from following after the local religions. -* **turned the heart of Assyria's king** - God made the Assyrian King to have compassion on the building of the temple of God. -* ** to strengthen their hands in the work of his house** - God had the assyrian King to encourage the Jewish people who were rebuilding the temple to continue in this work. -* **his house** - The temple +Here "uncleanness" represents being unacceptable to God. AT: "the things that the people of the land did that made them unacceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sought Yahweh + +Seeking Yahweh represents choosing to know, worship, and obey him. AT: "chose to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turned the heart of Assyria's king + +Turning the king's heart represents making him think differently about the work of the temple. AT: "changed the attitude of Assyria's king" or "made Assyria's king willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to strengthen their hands in the work of his house + +Strengthening their hands in the work represents helping them to work. The Assyrian king did this by telling them to do the work and providing the money for it. AT: "to help them do the work of his house" or "to make it possible for them to do the work of his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the work of his house + +This refers to building the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/intro.md b/ezr/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67431a7329 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Ezra 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The completion of the story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship occurs in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Temple taxes ##### +The king said the Jews were right and ordered money from his taxes to be used to help them with their sacrifices. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Darius ##### +In this chapter, Darius is called the king of Assyria. In reality, besides ruling over the former Assyrian Empire, Darius was also king of Persia. Persia had conquered Babylon, which had previously conquered Assyria. This made the king of Persia, the king of Assyria as well. It was unusual to refer to Darius as the king or ruler of Assyria. Ezra may have referred to him in this way to contrast Darius' actions with those of the former rulers of Assyria, who had treated the Jews very cruelly. It was those earlier Assyrian rulers who had conquered the northern tribes of Israel and deported them to other lands. It was for this reasons that the northern tribes lost their identity and were no longer a distinct people group. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/01.md b/ezr/07/01.md index e0bacd179a..45825a32c6 100644 --- a/ezr/07/01.md +++ b/ezr/07/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:artaxerxes]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] +Ezra's genealogy goes back to Aaron, the first high priest. -## translationNotes +# Ezra came up from Babylon -* Ezra's genealogy goes back to Aaron, the first high priest. -* **Seraiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:01]] -* **Shallum** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:40]] +Where Ezra came up to can be stated clearly. AT: "Ezra came up to Jerusalem from Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Seraiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:2](../02/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shallum + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:42](../02/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Azariah, Hilkiah, ... Zadok, Ahitub, Amariah, Azariah, Meraioth, Zerahiah, Uzzi, Bukki, Abishua, Phinehas, Eleazar + +This list is all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/06.md b/ezr/07/06.md index eb32cef80b..9ace4a3341 100644 --- a/ezr/07/06.md +++ b/ezr/07/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The king gave him anything he asked -* [[en:tw:artaxerxes]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"The king gave Ezra anything he asked for" -## translationNotes +# the hand of Yahweh was with him -* **hand of Yahweh was with him.** - Yahweh's blessing was with him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes.** - In the seventh year that Artaxerxes was made king. +The "hand" of Yahweh represents Yahweh's blessing or help. AT: "the blessing of Yahweh was with Ezra" or "Yahweh was blessing Ezra" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes + +This refers to the seventh year of his reign. AT: "in the seventh year that Artaxerxes was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/08.md b/ezr/07/08.md index 0f3f545f51..5dc21fe25b 100644 --- a/ezr/07/08.md +++ b/ezr/07/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the fifth month -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the first day of the first month -* **first day of the fifth month** - measurements of time (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Ezra had established his heart to study...** - AT: "Ezra committed his life to study..." -* ** the good hand of God** - AT: "God" or "God Himself". (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the statutes and decrees of the Law of Yahweh** - These were the Laws that God passed down to Israel from Moses. +This is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the first day of the fifth month + +This is near the middle of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the good hand of God + +"Hand" represents the power or control that God uses for good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ezra had established his heart to study + +Establishing his heart represents firmly deciding or committing himself to do something. AT: "Ezra committed his life to study" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# carry out + +"obey" + +# the statutes and decrees of the law of Yahweh + +These were the laws that God passed down to Israel through Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/11.md b/ezr/07/11.md index 572e47a055..5b9b0a5bb9 100644 --- a/ezr/07/11.md +++ b/ezr/07/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This was the decree -* [[en:tw:artaxerxes]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +The text following this statement was the decree given by King Artaxerxes. -## translationNotes +# The King of kings Artaxerxes -* **This was the decree** - The text following this statement was the decree given by King Artaxerxes. -* **I am ordering that anyone ... who desires to go to Jerusalem...** - In those days people needed permission from the king to resettle and rebuild in an area previously destroyed by the conquering nation. +"The King of kings" was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. AT: "The Great King Artaxerxes" or "Artaxerxes, the greatest king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am ordering that anyone ... who desires to go to Jerusalem + +In those days people needed permission from the king to resettle and rebuild in an area previously destroyed by the conquering nation. + +# may go with you + +The word "you" refers to Ezra. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/14.md b/ezr/07/14.md index 7ebc4d8a89..fdc8913315 100644 --- a/ezr/07/14.md +++ b/ezr/07/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:inquire]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This continues the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. -## translationNotes +# I, the king, and my seven counselors -* The King grants safe passage to Judea for all Israel who wishes to return home. -* **Freely give all the silver and gold** - The king approves of all donations for the temple are to be sent to Jerusalem. +The word "I" and the phrase "the king" refer to the same person. The king is reminding the people who hear this letter that he is the author of this letter. + +# to inquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem according to God's law + +What they were to inquire about can be stated more clearly. AT: "to investigate the situation in Judah and Jerusalem, in order to learn whether or not they are obeying God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You are to bring the silver and gold + +Where they were to bring it can be stated clearly. AT: "You are to bring to Jerusalem the silver and gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the silver and gold that they have freely offered + +"Freely" means that they were not forced to offer the money. They gave it because they wanted to. AT: "the silver and gold that they have willingly offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# what is freely offered by the people and the priests + +This can be expressed active form. AT: "what the people and the priests have freely offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/17.md b/ezr/07/17.md index de270cc450..1318f296ff 100644 --- a/ezr/07/17.md +++ b/ezr/07/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] +This continues the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. -## translationNotes +# So buy in full ... offerings -* The king desires to please God with the money they bring back. -* **So buy in full...** - The king authorizes the purchase of animals and food for sacrifices to God. -* **...please your God with the rest...** - The King grants Ezra latitude use the money as he sees fit to please God. +The phrase "in full" means as many as are necessary to complete the task. They were to use the gold and silver to buy all they needed in order to worship God in the the temple. AT: "Buy as many of the oxen, rams, lambs, grain and drink offerings as are needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you and your brothers + +The phrase "your brothers" refers to the people who were doing this work with Ezra. AT: "your co-workers" or "your companions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/19.md b/ezr/07/19.md index 190d931ea3..e4de0381ef 100644 --- a/ezr/07/19.md +++ b/ezr/07/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +This continues the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. -## translationNotes +# the objects that were freely given to you -* **treasury** - a secure place where money is stored +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "the objects that we have freely given to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Place the objects ... before him + +The word "him" refers to God. + +# for the service of the house of your God + +The abstract noun "service" can be expressed with the verbs "serve" or "use." AT: "to use in the house of your God" or "to serve in the house of your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# treasury + +a secure place where money is stored \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/21.md b/ezr/07/21.md index 67d969a536..8f1197d30f 100644 --- a/ezr/07/21.md +++ b/ezr/07/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Wine]] -* [[en:tw:artaxerxes]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalvolume]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This continues the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. -## translationNotes +# the Province Beyond the River -* **anything that Ezra asks from you ** - Ezra had the full support of the king in rebuilding the temple. -* **one hundred** - 100 (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **talent** - A unit of money and weight. -* **cors** - also known as "Kors". This is a dry unit of volume. -* **baths** - This is a wet unit of volume. +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated it in [Esra 4:10](../04/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# that anything that Ezra asks from you should be given in full + +This can be expressed in active form. "Give Ezra in full anything he asks of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# should be given in full + +The phrase "in full" here represents whatever quantity necessary to do the work. AT: "should be given as much as he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# one hundred silver talents + +"100 talents of silver." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# one hundred cors of grain + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "22,000 liters of grain" or "twenty thousand liters of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one hundred baths of oil + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: 2,200 liters of oil" or "two thousand liters of oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# his house + +This refers to God's temple. + +# For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons? + +The king uses this question to say that he does not want God's wrath to come upon them. The implied information is that if they do not do give Ezra what he needs, then God will punish the kingdom. AT: "For we do not want God's wrath to come upon the the kingdom of me and my sons." or "For if you do not do these things, God's wrath will come upon the kingdom of me and my sons." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons + +God's wrath represents God punishing them. AT: "For why should God punish the kingdom of me and my sons" or "For if you do not do these things, God will punish the kingdom of me and my sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/24.md b/ezr/07/24.md index a7e497221b..68c2130929 100644 --- a/ezr/07/24.md +++ b/ezr/07/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This continues the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. -## translationNotes +# We are informing them about you not to impose any tribute or taxes -* **not to impose any tribute or taxes** - this only exempts those who are involved in the daily operation of the temple, not all of Israel or everyone living in Jerusalem. -* **musicians** - players of musical instruments +"We are telling them not to impose any tribute or taxes" + +# musicians + +people who play musical instruments \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/25.md b/ezr/07/25.md index 8ee84993de..298881a263 100644 --- a/ezr/07/25.md +++ b/ezr/07/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is the end of the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. -## translationNotes +# with the wisdom that God has given you, you must appoint judges and discerning men -* The King authorizes Ezra to teach and have the Jewish people live according to God's Law. +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with a verbal phrase. AT: "God has made you wise, so you must wisely appoint judges and discerning men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# whether by death, banishment, confiscation of their goods, or imprisonment + +The abstract nouns can be translated with verbs. AT: "whether by killing them, banishing them, confiscating their goods, or imprisoning them" or "You may kill them, send them away, take the things the own, or put them in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/27.md b/ezr/07/27.md index fb29fc92ef..3d89414c98 100644 --- a/ezr/07/27.md +++ b/ezr/07/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Ezra praises God because of what King Artaxerxes decreed. -## translationNotes +# placed all this into the king's heart to glorify Yahweh's house in Jerusalem -* Ezra prays a prayer of thanksgiving to God. -* **placed all this into the king's heart** - God steered the King's desires and thoughts to honor God and God's temple in Jerusalem. -* **strengthened by the hand of Yahweh my God** - Ezra has received courage and confidence to continue knowing that Yahweh, His God is equipping Him. The "Hand of Yahweh" is an expressing for receiving God's blessings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Placing things in the king's heart represents causing him to have certain thoughts and desires. AT: "caused the king to want to glorify Yahweh's house in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh's house + +This refers to Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who extended covenant faithfulness to me + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "loyal." AT: "who has been faithful to me" or "who has been loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I have been strengthened + +Being strengthened represents being encouraged. AT: I am encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by the hand of Yahweh my God + +Here Yahweh's hand represents what he did to help Ezra. AT: "because Yahweh has helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/intro.md b/ezr/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a689b1f1f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ezra 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Ezra begins his religious reforms. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's Law ##### +The people no longer know the law of Moses. Therefore, the king allows Ezra to return to Judea to teach the people about God's law. Many people go with him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/01.md b/ezr/08/01.md index 23182f5a8e..4870e96b2d 100644 --- a/ezr/08/01.md +++ b/ezr/08/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +There is an apparent shift in authorship beginning here. Chapters 1-7 were written as if the author was writing about Ezra. Chapter 8 was written as if the author was Ezra. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* 7 were written as if the author was writing about Ezra. Chapter 8 was written as if the author was Ezra. -* This section contains a list of names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Parosh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:03]]. -* **150 males** - number of men and boys (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Verses 2-14 are a list of leaders and their ancestors. All of them are men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Of the descendants of Phinehas, Gershom + +This is the first item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." AT: "The leader of the descendants of Phinehas was Gershom" or "Gershom was the leader of the descendants of Phinehas" + +# Of the descendants of Ithamar, Daniel + +This is the second item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." AT: "The leader of the descendants of Ithamar was Daniel" or "Daniel was the leader of the descendants of Ithamar" + +# Parosh + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:03](../02/03.md). + +# Of the descendants of David, Hattush, who was ... Parosh; and Zechariah + +This is the third item in the list. It can be written with the verb "were." AT: "The leaders of the descendants of David were Hattush who was ... Parosh; and Zechariah" or "The leaders of the descendants of David were Hattush and Zechariah. Hattush was from ... Parosh" + +# Hattush, who was of the descendants of Shecaniah, who was from the descendants of Parosh + +This can be written as a separate sentence after "Zechariah." AT: "Hatush was a descendant of Shecaniah, who was a descendant of Parosh" + +# with him there were 150 males listed in the record of his genealogy + +"with Zechariah there were 150 males listed in the record of his genealogy" + +# 150 males + +"one hundred and fifty males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/04.md b/ezr/08/04.md index 860c143001..a46cb8a76b 100644 --- a/ezr/08/04.md +++ b/ezr/08/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elam]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The list of men's names continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Of the descendants of Pahath-Moab, Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah -* Continuing list of names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zerachiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:07:01]]. -* **Shecaniah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:01]]. -* **Adin** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:15]]. -* **Two hundred...three hundred...fifty...seventy males** - 200, 300, 50, 70. The numbers of men and boys. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the next item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." AT: "The leader of the descendants of Pahath-Moab was Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah" or "Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah was the leader of the descendants of Pahath-Moab" + +# with him were two hundred males + +"with Eliehoenai were two hundred males" + +# Zerahiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 7:4](../07/01.md). + +# Adin + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:15](../02/15.md). + +# two hundred ... three hundred ... fifty ... seventy + +"200 ... 300 ... 50 ... 70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/08.md b/ezr/08/08.md index e02c48c9f4..69b0db5308 100644 --- a/ezr/08/08.md +++ b/ezr/08/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:michael]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +The list of men's names continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Of the descendants of Shephatiah, Zebadiah son of Michael -* Continuing list of names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shephatiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:03]]. -* **Bebai** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:11]]. -* **eighty...twenty eight** - 80, 28. Numbers representing the men and boys in each family listed. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the next item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." AT: "The leader of the descendants of Shephatiah was Zebadiah son of Michael" or "Zebadiah son of Michael was the leader of the descendants of Shephatiah" + +# Shephatiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:2](../02/03.md). + +# Michael + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with him were listed eighty males + +"with Zebadiah were listed eighty males" + +# 218 males + +"two hundred and eighteen males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 160 males + +"one hundred and sixty males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Bebai + +See how you translated this in [Esra 2:11](../02/11.md). + +# eighty ... twenty-eight + +"80 ... 28" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/12.md b/ezr/08/12.md index 0777ba680e..3828a65a47 100644 --- a/ezr/08/12.md +++ b/ezr/08/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +This is the end of the list of men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Of the descendants of Azgad, Johanan son of Hakkatan -* Continuing list of names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Azgad** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:11]]. -* **Adonikam** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:11]]. -* **Bigvai** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:01]]. -* **sixty...seventy** - 60, 70. The numbers represent the men and boys in each family listed. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the next item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." AT: "The leader of the descendants of Azgad was Johanan son of Hakkatan" or "Johanan son of Hakkatan was the leader of the descendants of Azgad" + +# with him were listed 110 males + +"with Johanan were listed 110 males" + +# 110 males + +"one hundred and ten males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Those of the descendants of Adonikam + +The word "those" refers to the leaders. AT: "The leaders of the descendants of Adonikam" + +# Azgad + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:12](../02/11.md). + +# Adonikam + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:13](../02/11.md). + +# Bigvai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:2](../02/01.md). + +# sixty ... seventy + +"60 ... 70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/15.md b/ezr/08/15.md index e447449768..3471bbd40d 100644 --- a/ezr/08/15.md +++ b/ezr/08/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +The word "I" in chapter 8 refers to Ezra. He is the author. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Ezra contacts Jewish leaders and teachers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **canal** - a man made waterway to allow the passage of boats between navigable rivers. -* **Shemaiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:12]]. -* **three days** - 3 days. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Verse 16 contains a list of men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the canal that goes to Ahava + +Possible meanings are that the "canal" was 1) a waterway that men built or 2) an ordinary river. It can be translated in a more general way. AT: "the waterway that flows to Ahava" + +# Ahava + +This is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shemaiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 8:13](./12.md). + +# Elnathan ... Elnathan ... Elnathan + +There were apparently three men with the same name. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/17.md b/ezr/08/17.md index c847fe01e6..13cd1ea7b5 100644 --- a/ezr/08/17.md +++ b/ezr/08/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Iddo -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Next I sent them to Iddo -* **Iddo** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:05:01]]. -* **Casiphia** - name of a place or location (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The word "them" refers to the nine leaders and two teachers written about in [Esra 8:16](./15.md). AT: "Next I sent those men to Iddo" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Kasiphia + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I told them what to say to Iddo ... that is, to send to us servants for the house of God + +The words "that is" introduces what he told them to say. AT: "I told them to tell Iddo ... to send us servants for the house of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/18.md b/ezr/08/18.md index 1517bc313f..81318f548a 100644 --- a/ezr/08/18.md +++ b/ezr/08/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Sherebiah ... Mahli ... Hashabiah ... Jeshaiah ... Merari -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# So they sent us by our God's good hand a man -* **by our God's good hand ** - an idiom for expressing God's goodness or provision to them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a prudent man** - a man of understanding and wisdom. -* **eighteen...twenty** - 18, 20. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jeshaiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:04]]. -* **officials** - People with specific authority within a government system. +God's "good hand" represents his kindness in providing for them. AT: "Because God was kind to us, they sent us a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a prudent man + +This is a man of understanding and wisdom. + +# son of Levi son of Israel + +Here "Israel" is a man's name. It is the name God gave to Jacob. + +# eighteen ... twenty + +18 ... 20 (See:" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jeshaiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 8:7](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# officials + +people with specific authority within a government system + +# 220 + +"two hundred and twenty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/21.md b/ezr/08/21.md index 60c911d7f9..8bad5972fa 100644 --- a/ezr/08/21.md +++ b/ezr/08/21.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the Ahava Canal +This is the name of the canal that flows to the place called Ahava. See how you translated Ahava and canal in [Esra 8:15](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# to seek a straight path from him for us, our little ones, and all our possessions -* **the hand of our God is with all** - This is an expression Ezra makes regarding trusting in the protection of God upon His people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "seek" represents asking God to do something for them. Here a "straight path" represents safety while they travel. AT: "to ask God to give us, our little ones, and all our possessions safety while we travel" or "to ask God to protect us, our little ones, and all our possessions while we travel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The hand of our God is on all who seek him + +The hand of God being on people is a metonym for God helping people. Seeking God is a metaphor for serving him. AT: "God helps all who serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but his might and wrath are on all who forget him + +God's might and wrath being on people is a metonym for him punishing people. Forgetting God is a metaphor for refusing to serve him. AT: "but he punishes all who refuse to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So we fasted and sought God about this + +Here seeking God is a metaphor for asking God to do something for them. AT: "So we fasted and asked God to help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/24.md b/ezr/08/24.md index 30753c70a7..69b3867ea9 100644 --- a/ezr/08/24.md +++ b/ezr/08/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Sherebiah, Hashabiah -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] - -## translationNotes - -* **twelve men** - 12 men. -* **Sherebiah, Hashabiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:18]]. -* **ten** - 10. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]). +See how you translated these men's names in [Esra 8:19](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/26.md b/ezr/08/26.md index 051a830520..e9736b87c4 100644 --- a/ezr/08/26.md +++ b/ezr/08/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# 650 talents of silver -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"six hundred and fifty talents of silver." A talent weighs about thirty-three kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "22,000 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## translationNotes +# one hundred talents of silver objects -* **talent** - a measurement of money based on it's weight. -* **one thousand darics** - 1000 darics. A "daric" was a small gold coin used by the Persian Empire. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **bronze vessels** - bronze is a copper alloy that is stronger than pure copper. Bronze by itself is not valuable. But as artwork, it can be quite valuable. +"100 talents of silver objects." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "3,300 kilograms of silver objects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# one hundred talents of gold + +"100 talents of gold." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "3,300 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# one thousand darics + +"1,000 darics." A "daric" was a small gold coin that people in the Persian Empire used. You can translate this in terms of the number of coins or their weight. AT: "one thousand Persian gold coins" or "eight and one half kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# bronze vessels + +Bronze is a mixture of copper and another metal. It is stronger than pure copper. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/28.md b/ezr/08/28.md index 0c89ea749a..283e2593b6 100644 --- a/ezr/08/28.md +++ b/ezr/08/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then I said to them -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +"Then I said to the twelve priestly officials" -## translationNotes +# until you weigh them out before the priestly officials, Levites, and leaders -* **until you weigh them out** - This was how these men were to give account of transporting all the offerings by reweighing everything that was put into their care at Jerusalem. -* **The priests and the Levites ** - according to the law of Moses, it was for the tribe of Levi to care for the temple, it's possessions and offerings. +When they arrived in Jerusalem, they would weigh the silver, gold, and bronze to show that they had not taken any of it for themselves. + +# The priests and the Levites + +According to the law of Moses, the tribe of Levi had the work of caring for the temple, its possessions, and the offerings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/31.md b/ezr/08/31.md index 3d06e6b3e8..b30b555e01 100644 --- a/ezr/08/31.md +++ b/ezr/08/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# We went out from the Ahava Canal -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] +"We left the Ahava Canal" or "We started traveling from the Ahava Canal" -## translationNotes +# Ahava Canal -* **Ahava Canal** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:15]]. -* **twelfth day of the first month** - A specific day in the year. -* **he protected us from the hand of the enemy** - God kept their enemies from attacking them. -* **the ones who wished to ambush us** - God protected them against thieves and robbers wanting attack them for their treasures. -* **three days** - "3 days." A measure of time. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the name of the canal that flows to the place called Ahava. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twelfth day of the first month + +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# The hand of our God was on us + +The hand of God being on people is a metonym for God helping people. AT: "God was helping us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he protected us from the hand of the enemy and the ones ... road + +The hand represents what those people might do. It specifically refers to the enemy attacking the group that was traveling. AT: "he protected us from the attack of the enemy and the ones who wished to ambush us along the road" or "He kept the enemy from attacking us and he kept robbers from ambushing us along the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the ones who wished to ambush us + +This refers to thieves and robbers who wanted to attack them for their treasures. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/33.md b/ezr/08/33.md index 9469267a13..e0d184d91f 100644 --- a/ezr/08/33.md +++ b/ezr/08/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the silver, gold, and objects were weighed out -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:uriah]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the twelve priestly officials weighed out the silver, gold and objects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the silver, gold, and objects were weighed out ... into the hand of Meremoth -* **objects were weighed out** - This was a means of accountability for transporting all the temple money and temple objects. -* **Eleazar** - Translate the same way you did Eleazar in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:07:01]]. -* **Jeshua** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:01]]. +Here "the hand of Meremoth" represents Meremoth's care of the silver, gold, and objects. The men weighed those things and gave them to Meremoth to take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Meremoth ... Uriah ... Eleazar ... Phinehas ... Jozabad ... Jeshua ... Noadiah ... Binnui + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeshua + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:6](../02/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/35.md b/ezr/08/35.md index 0b82d1f9eb..6f0853dd40 100644 --- a/ezr/08/35.md +++ b/ezr/08/35.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The ones who came back from the captivity ... the people of exile -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] +These two phrases refer to the Jewish people who were living as exiles in Babylon and who left Babylon and returned to Jerusalem in Judea. AT: "The ones who came back to Jerusalem from the captivity in Babylon, the people of exile" -## translationNotes +# twelve ... ninety-six ... seventy-seven ... twelve -* **from the captivity, the people of exile** - These are the Jewish people who were taken captive and resettled in Babylon and choose to come back to Judea and Jerusalem. -* **twelve...ninety-six...eventy-seven** - six...eventy-seven** - 12, 96 and 77. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* ** governors beyond the River** - These were the Babylonian officials managing the people east of the Euphrates River which included those residing in Judea. -* **God's house** - The temple. +"12 ... 96 ... 77 ... 12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the governors in the Province Beyond the River + +These were the Babylonian officials managing the people west of the Euphrates River, which included the people living in Judea. + +# the Province Beyond the River + +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. It included Judea. See how you translated it in [Esra 4:10](../04/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/intro.md b/ezr/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..152215babf --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezra 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The people's return to Judah ##### +Many people went back to Judah with Ezra. They trusted God to protect them and the precious items they carried with them, which had been given for the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/01.md b/ezr/09/01.md index 72a492a03a..e223f583dc 100644 --- a/ezr/09/01.md +++ b/ezr/09/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# have not separated themselves -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the officials approached me** - "Officials" in this case is more likely to refer to the Jewish princes who returned earlier with Zerubbabel. -* **have not separated themselves ** - have married people from other lands and have adopted their religion. -* **and their abominations** - The real issue was that when they married outsiders, they abandoned God. -* **have mixed the holy people with the people of other lands** - God's law has provision for Israel marrying people who choose to follow Yahweh as their God. However, in this case the outsiders were leading the Israelites into their mix of religion. -* **the officials and leaders** - The people with specific authority in the government. +have married people from other lands and have adopted their religion \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/03.md b/ezr/09/03.md index d7166000dc..33c3d5ec31 100644 --- a/ezr/09/03.md +++ b/ezr/09/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When I heard this -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +When Ezra heard that many Israelites had married foreign women and were worshiping their gods -## translationNotes +# I tore apart my clothing and robe and pulled out hair from my head and beard -* **When I heard this** - When Ezra heard that many Israelites had married foreign women and were worshipping their gods. -* **I was sitting ashamed** - Ezra thought that the returnees would have been sustaining from intermarrying the gentiles. He was deeply troubled that many actually did marry gentile women. -* **evening offering** - A sacrifice made at evening. +Ezra was showing everyone how unhappy he was that people were doing things that offended God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# evening offering + +a sacrifice that the priests would offer around the time the sun was going down \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/05.md b/ezr/09/05.md index 05a6183e53..8179dc2718 100644 --- a/ezr/09/05.md +++ b/ezr/09/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# my position of humiliation -* [[en:tw:humiliate]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +another way of saying he was "sitting ashamed" ([Esra 9:4](./03.md)). "where I was sitting on the ground to show how ashamed I was" -## translationNotes +# knelt down and spread my hands -* **grows to the heavens** - This expresses that If guilt were to be physically seen it has grown into a very high object. +"got on my knees and stretched out my arms with my hands open toward the sky" + +# our iniquities increase over our head, and our guilt grows to the heavens + +These words are two ways of speaking of iniquity and guilt as if they were physical objects that could grow to be larger than people. The abstract nouns "iniquity" and "guilt" can be expressed as a noun and an adjective, respectively. AT: "we have committed wicked deeds and we are very guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/07.md b/ezr/09/07.md index 923e766052..f41e14ebb1 100644 --- a/ezr/09/07.md +++ b/ezr/09/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the days of our ancestors -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"the time when our ancestors were alive" -## translationNotes +# in great guilt ... In our iniquities -* **the days of our ancestors until now** - Ezra is pointing out that they have continued to disobey God in this issue of marrying foreign women. -* **iniquities** - AT: "sins" or "going our own way" +The abstract nouns "guilt" and "iniquity" can be translated as an adjective and a verb, respectively. AT: "very guilty ... Because of the evil deeds we did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# we ... were given into the hand of kings + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you gave us ... into the hand of kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# were given into the hand of kings of this world + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "were given into the control of the kings of this world" or "were given over to the kings of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the sword, to captivity, and to plunder and ashamed faces + +The sword is a metonym for people killing other people. The abstract nouns "captivity" and "plunder" can be stated as verb phrases. And, "faces" is a synecdoche representing the whole person. AT: "to our enemies to kill us, to capture us, to steal from us, and to cause us shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/08.md b/ezr/09/08.md index dc09c8705f..09d66fc9ef 100644 --- a/ezr/09/08.md +++ b/ezr/09/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# mercy from Yahweh our God has come -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God deciding to be merciful is spoken of as if mercy were a person who could move. AT: "Yahweh our God has decided to be merciful to us and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# but has extended covenant faithfulness to us -* ** God has come to leave us ** - "God has come to give us" -* **has extended covenant faithfulness to us** - God has continued to bless Israel in spite of their unfaithfulness. -* **God's house** - The temple. (See: [[en:obe:kt:houseofgod]]) +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "loyal." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esra 7:28](../07/27.md). AT: "but he as been faithful to us" or "he has been loyal to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the sight of the king of Persia + +The king could not literally see the temple, but he did know about what was happening in Jerusalem. Here "sight" is a metonym for what a person knows. AT: "so that the king of Persia knows about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God's house + +the temple + +# could give us a wall of safety + +The wall that keeps people safe is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting his people. AT: "could keep us safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/10.md b/ezr/09/10.md index db5ce80c98..519a6eb27c 100644 --- a/ezr/09/10.md +++ b/ezr/09/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# for all time -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] - -## translationNotes - -* **This land that you are entering to possess is an unclean land** - This was originally stated by Moses when Israel was to enter the land. They were commanded to destroy all the people not marry them, for they were filled with evil, uncleanness, and sin. -* **for all time** - AT: "until the end of the ages" +"until the end of the ages" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/13.md b/ezr/09/13.md index 50fd95dcbf..511831373b 100644 --- a/ezr/09/13.md +++ b/ezr/09/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for our evil practices and our great guilt -* [[en:tw:angry]] +The abstract nouns "practices" and "guilt" can be translated as a noun and an adjective, respectively. AT: "because of the bad things we did and because we were so guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# have held back what our iniquities deserve and left us survivors -* **our evil practices and our great guilt** - Israel did not utterly destroy the people practicing evil before God. Israel began marrying them and following their religious practices being led astray from God. -* **since you...have held back what our iniquities deserve and left us survivors** - This is an example of God's mercy in action. -* **should we again break your commandments ** - This was exactly what some of the returnees have done. They broke God's commands by marrying the people of the land and worshiping their gods. -* **Will you not be angry and annihilate us** - God destroyed all of Israel before and Ezra feared that He would do it again and then there would no one left. +"would be just if you killed us all, but you have not punished us and instead left some of us alive" + +# should we again break your commandments and make ... people? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "it is very wrong that some of us have broken your commandments and made ... people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will you not be angry ... escape? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am afraid that you will be angry ... escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/15.md b/ezr/09/15.md index 7294e263a3..c0f0facfcc 100644 --- a/ezr/09/15.md +++ b/ezr/09/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Pay attention to what I am about to say" -## translationNotes +# We are here before you in our guilt -* **one who can stand before you** - "none of us are innocent before you" +"You can see that we are all guilty" + +# there is no one who can stand before you + +"you do not think that any person is innocent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/intro.md b/ezr/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1066c1debe --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezra 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Intermarriage ##### +When Ezra found out that many Jews had married Gentile wives, he prayed to God and asked God why he had been so good to them by letting these few people return from captivity even though they sinned by marrying Gentile wives. They did this before and God had punished them for it. God forbid this type of marriage because it caused the people to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/01.md b/ezr/10/01.md index 5ad28a1b0e..abd25a2db4 100644 --- a/ezr/10/01.md +++ b/ezr/10/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# As Ezra prayed and confessed ... threw himself down -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elam]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +Ezra speaks of himself as if he were someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# threw himself down -* **Shekaniah** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:04]]. -* **Jehiel** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:08]]. -* **We ourselves have committed treason against our God** - This was made as a public confession, not as a boastful claim. -* **But now there is hope for Israel concerning this** - Shekaniah is making a statement of faith that God is and will be merciful to them. +quickly went from standing to lying facedown + +# before God's house + +in front of the temple + +# Shekaniah + +See how you translated this in [Esra 8:5](../08/04.md). + +# Jehiel + +See how you translated this in [Esra 8:9](../08/08.md). + +# We have been unfaithful to our God + +This was made as a public confession, not as a boastful claim. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/03.md b/ezr/10/03.md index 98d602ee38..c0d5b26c4c 100644 --- a/ezr/10/03.md +++ b/ezr/10/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# we are with you -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] - -## translationNotes - -* **let us make a covenant with our God...according to the Lord's instructions** - Shekaniah presents a proposal to Ezra before God and the people for the confession and cleansing of Israel. +"we will help you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/05.md b/ezr/10/05.md index 154fdcd7c9..1a28217d07 100644 --- a/ezr/10/05.md +++ b/ezr/10/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehohanan ... Eliashib -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Jehochanan, and Eliashib** - names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He did not eat any bread or drink any water** - Ezra spent the night fasting, praying over Israel's unfaithfulness. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/07.md b/ezr/10/07.md index f90e90c0d1..30226a5112 100644 --- a/ezr/10/07.md +++ b/ezr/10/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Anyone who did not come ... forfeited all of his possessions and would be excluded -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +"The officials would take all the possessions away from anyone who did not come ... and would excuse them" or "The people of Judah and Jerusalem would take all the possessions away from anyone who did not come ... and would exclude them" -## translationNotes +# three days -* **Anyone who did not come...forfeited all of his possessions ** - The elders where making it clear that there was grave business to be conducted in Jerusalem which required everyone's presence. -* **three days** - 3 days (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +3 days (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/09.md b/ezr/10/09.md index 8539801fa7..d9937523f5 100644 --- a/ezr/10/09.md +++ b/ezr/10/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in three days -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltime]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +"three days later" -## translationNotes +# ninth month and the twentieth day of the month -* **ninth month and twentieth day** - measurement of time -* **in the square** - A large open courtyard in front of the temple. -* **committed treason** - The crime of betraying one's country; not being loyal. Ezra equated marrying foreign women as an act of treason. +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twentieth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the square + +a large open courtyard in front of the temple + +# committed treason + +The abstract noun "treason" can be translated as a verb. AT: "helped the enemies of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# so as to increase Israel's guilt + +"and now God considers us guilty of worse sin than before" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/11.md b/ezr/10/11.md index 9af41fd352..7f6f10ad22 100644 --- a/ezr/10/11.md +++ b/ezr/10/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Separate from -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] - -## translationNotes - -* **his will** - The will of God. -* **separate** - to move away from, have no part of +move away from, be different from \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/12.md b/ezr/10/12.md index 7f35608d05..b2c1d0d1ab 100644 --- a/ezr/10/12.md +++ b/ezr/10/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# this is not only one or two days of work -* [[en:tw:assembly]] - -## translationNotes - -* **one or two days** - It will take more than a few days to resolve. -* **it is the rainy season. We have no strength to stand outside** - The people express concern regarding everyone remaining outside in the rain while dealing with this issue since it will take more than just a few days. +This litotes can be translated in positive form. AT: "we will need a long time to do all this work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/14.md b/ezr/10/14.md index e92ebb5716..b22949a1f9 100644 --- a/ezr/10/14.md +++ b/ezr/10/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# at the time that will be fixed with the city elders and the city judges -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] +This can be translated in active form and as separate sentences. AT: "at the time that you will determine. Let them come with the city elder and the city judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Jonathan ... Asahel ... Jahzeiah ... Tikvah ... Meshullam ... Shabbethai -* **Jonathan son of Asachel and Jachzeiah theson of Tikvah opposed this** - Possible meanings are, 1) these men opposed the delay, having the city officials investigate the offenses, or 2) they opposed the investigation. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Meshulam and Shabbetai the Levite supported them** - These men agreed with Jonathan and Asachel in their opposition. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvah opposed this + +Possible meanings are, 1) these men did not want the city officials to investigate the offenses or 2) they did not want anyone to investigate the people's marriages. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/16.md b/ezr/10/16.md index a420209cfa..f6c04e83bf 100644 --- a/ezr/10/16.md +++ b/ezr/10/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# did this -* [[en:tw:biblicaltime]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +The people investigated who had married non-Jewish wives. -## translationNotes +# the first day of the tenth month -* **did this** - The people investigated who married non-Jewish wives. +This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# first day of the first month + +This is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/18.md b/ezr/10/18.md index 60711fee40..b5f2fa2ce7 100644 --- a/ezr/10/18.md +++ b/ezr/10/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeshua -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +See how you translated this in [Esra 2:2](../02/01.md). -## translationNotes +# Jozadak -* **Jeshua** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:01]]. -* **Jozadak** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:03:01]]. -* **Masseiah and Gedaliah** - names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Eliezer, Jarib** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:15]]. +See how you translated this in [Esra 3:2](../03/01.md). + +# Maaseiah ... Gedaliah + +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eliezer ... Jarib + +See how you translated this in [Esra 8:16](../08/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/20.md b/ezr/10/20.md index caf4cbbf2f..926d1536a4 100644 --- a/ezr/10/20.md +++ b/ezr/10/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. -## translationNotes +# Immer ... Pashhur -* Jewish women. -* **Immer, Pashhur** - Translate the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:36]]. -* **Hanani, Elioenai, Nethanel and Elasah** - names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zebadiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:08]]. -* **Harim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:31]]. -* **Maaseiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:18]]. -* **Shemaiah, Jeiel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:12]]. -* **Jozabad** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:33]]. +names of men. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:37](../02/36.md). + +# Hanani ... Elioenai ... Nethanel ... Elasah + +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zebadiah + +name of a man. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:08](../08/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Harim + +name of a man. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:32](../02/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Maaseiah + +name of a man. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shemaiah ... Jehiel + +names of men. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:13](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jozabad + +name of a man. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/23.md b/ezr/10/23.md index 2098dc570b..ce12129372 100644 --- a/ezr/10/23.md +++ b/ezr/10/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:levite]] +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jozabad -* Jewish women. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jozabad** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:33]]. -* **Eliezer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:15]]. -* **Eliashib** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:05]]. -* **Shallum** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:40]]. -* **Parosh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:03]]. -* **Eleazar** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:07:01]]. +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eliashib + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:6](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shallum + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:42](../02/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Parosh + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:03](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eleazar + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 7:05](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/26.md b/ezr/10/26.md index 349c58d37e..fda26b975b 100644 --- a/ezr/10/26.md +++ b/ezr/10/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Elam ... Zattu ... Bani -* Jewish women. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Elam, Zattu, Bani** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:07]]. -* **Jehiel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:08]]. -* **Elioenai** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:20]]. -* **Eliashib, Jehochanan** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:05]]. -* **Bebai** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:11]]. -* **Jehochanan** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:05]]. -* **Meshullam** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:15]]. +These are men's names. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:7-10](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jehiel + +This is man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:09](../08/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elioenai + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:22](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eliashib + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:06](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bebai + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jehohanan + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:06](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meshullam + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:16](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/30.md b/ezr/10/30.md index 8e46a2754c..2740740e47 100644 --- a/ezr/10/30.md +++ b/ezr/10/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Pahath-Moab -* Jewish women. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Pahath Moab** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:04]]. -* **Benaiah, Shemaiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:23]]. -* **Maaseiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:18]]. -* **Mattaniah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:26]]. -* **Binnui** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:33]]. -* **Harim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:31]]. -* **Eliezer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:15]]. -* **Malchijah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:23]]. -* **Malluch** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:26]]. +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:04](../08/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Benaiah ... Malchijah + +men's names. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:25](./23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Maaseiah + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mattaniah + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:26](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Binnui + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Harim + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:32](../02/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eliezer + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:16](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Malluk + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:29](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/33.md b/ezr/10/33.md index fcad33e679..9a0889e270 100644 --- a/ezr/10/33.md +++ b/ezr/10/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hashum -* Jewish women. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hashum** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:19]] -* **Zabad** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:26]]. -* **Eliphelet** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:12]]. -* **Manasseh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:30]]. -* **Shimei, Benaiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:23]]. -* **Bani** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:07]]. -* **Meremoth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:33]]. -* **Eliashib** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:05]]. +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:19](../02/19.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zabad + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:27](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eliphelet + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:13](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Manasseh + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:30](./30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shimei ... Benaiah + +men's names. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:23](./23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bani + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:10](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meremoth + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eliashib + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:06](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/37.md b/ezr/10/37.md index fce4a51957..74ff74eccb 100644 --- a/ezr/10/37.md +++ b/ezr/10/37.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:nathan]] +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Mattaniah ... Adaiah -* Jewish women. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mattaniah, Adaiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:26]]. -* **Mattenai** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:33]]. -* **Bani** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:07]]. -* **Binnui** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:33]]. -* **Shimei** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:23]]. +men's names. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:26](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mattenai + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:33](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Binnui + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shimei + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:23](./23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/41.md b/ezr/10/41.md index a6838fd77b..c97bcffef0 100644 --- a/ezr/10/41.md +++ b/ezr/10/41.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:joel]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +Ezra finishes to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Shelemiah -* Jewish women. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shelemiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:37]]. -* **Shemariah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:30]]. -* **Shallum** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:40]]. -* **Amariah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:07:01]]. -* **Nebo** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:02:27]]. -* **Jeiel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:08:12]]. -* **Zabad** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:26]]. -* **Iddo** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:05:01]]. -* **Benaiah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:ezr:10:23]]. -* **All of these** - Ezra is referring all the names listed in the preceding chunks. +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:39](./37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shemariah + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:32](./30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shallum + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:42](../02/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Amariah + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 7:03](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nebo + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:29](../02/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeiel + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:13](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zabad + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:27](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zebina ... Jaddai ... Joel + +mens' names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Benaiah + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:25](./23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All of these + +all the men in the list beginning in [Esra 10:20](./20.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/intro.md b/ezr/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b12d78bea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezra 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Intermarriages ##### +The people agree to divorce their Gentile wives. Many Jews were involved in these mixed marriages. Divorce should not normally have been common for the Jews to engage in, but marriage with non-Jewish women was not allowed. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/front/intro.md b/ezr/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6959d213bc --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Introduction to Ezra # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Ezra #### + +1. The first Jewish exiles return to Jerusalem from Persia (1:1–2:70) +1. The rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem and reestablishment of temple worship (3:1–6:22) +1. More exiles return, and Ezra leads religious reformation and implementation of the law of Yahweh (7:1–10:44) + - Ezra teaches the people the Law of Yahweh and sets apart the priests and Levites for their service (8:1–36) + - The problem of inter-marriage, and the solution (9:1–10:44) + +#### What is the Book of Ezra about? #### + +The Book of Ezra is about how the people of Israel returned from Babylon and tried to worship Yahweh again as the law required. This included the rebuilding of the temple for sacrifices, the affirmation of the covenant with Yahweh, and the political restoration of the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The Book of Ezra is named for the priest Ezra who led the first return of Jews to Judah from exile. Translators might choose to make the title clearer, for example, "The book about Ezra." + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why were Israelites not allowed to marry people from other nations? #### + +Yahweh knew that marrying foreign wives would cause the people of Israel to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Did all of the people of Israel return to their homeland? #### + +Most of the Jews remained in Babylon instead of returning to the Promised Land. They had built successful lives in Babylon and desired to remain there. On the other hand, they were unable to participate in the temple worship as their ancestors had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How does the Book of Ezra use the term "Israel"? #### + +The Book of Ezra uses the term "Israel" to refer to the kingdom of Judah, which was composed mostly of the two tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The other ten tribes had ended their loyalty to any kings descended from David. After sinking into idolatry and corruption, they had been conquered by the Assyrian Empire, taken away, and entirely absorbed into other ethnic groups. + +#### Do the events in the Book of Ezra proceed in chronological order? #### + +Parts of Ezra do not follow a strict chronological sequence. Translators should pay attention to notes that signal when events are probably out of order with each other. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/01.md b/gal/01/01.md index c884cb3583..e6edf9ef00 100644 --- a/gal/01/01.md +++ b/gal/01/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:galatia]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Paul, an apostle, writes this letter to the churches in the area of Galatia. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **who raised him** - "who raised Jesus Christ" -* **Paul, an apostle** - AT: “From Paul, an apostle” or “This letter is from Paul, an apostle.” +Unless noted otherwise, all instances of "you" and "your" in this letter refer to the Galatians and are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# who raised him + +"who raised Jesus Christ" + +# raised + +Here this means to cause a dead person to become alive again. + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women, since all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/03.md b/gal/01/03.md index 6b4289270d..0077971c47 100644 --- a/gal/01/03.md +++ b/gal/01/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for our sins -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +"Sins" represents the punishment for sin. AT: "to take the punishment we deserved because of our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# that he might deliver us from this present evil age -* **for our sins** - "to take the punishment we deserved because of our sins" -* **that he might deliver us from this present evil age ** - "that he might set us free from the evil powers at work in the world today" -* **our God and Father** - This refers to “God our Father.” He is our God and our Father. +Here "this ... age" represents the powers at work in the age. AT: "that he might set us free from the evil powers at work in the world today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# our God and Father + +This refers to "God our Father." He is our God and our Father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/06.md b/gal/01/06.md index b841a98e67..ce0b6bbe9b 100644 --- a/gal/01/06.md +++ b/gal/01/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] +Paul gives his reason for writing this letter: he reminds them to continue to understand the gospel. -## translationNotes +# I am amazed -* **I am amazed that you are turning so quickly** - Another possible meaning is "I am amazed at how quickly you are changing" -* **amazed that** - "amazed to see that" -* **you are turning ** - Possible meanings are 1) "you are changing your mind" or 2) "you are changing your loyalty." -* **him who called you** - "God who called you" -* **by the grace of Christ ** - AT: "because of Christ's grace" or "because of Christ's gracious sacrifice." -* **men** - "people" +"I am surprised" or "I am shocked." Paul was disappointed that they were doing this. + +# you are turning away so quickly from him ... to a different gospel + +Possible meanings are 1) "you have so quickly stopped trusting in him" or 2) "you have so quickly stopped being loyal to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# him who called you + +"God, who called you" + +# called + +Here this means God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to serve him, and to proclaim his message of salvation through Jesus. + +# by the grace of Christ + +"because of Christ's grace" or "because of Christ's gracious sacrifice" + +# you are turning to a different gospel + +"you are believing a different gospel" + +# men + +"people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/08.md b/gal/01/08.md index f2d2be3c3a..53e0565926 100644 --- a/gal/01/08.md +++ b/gal/01/08.md @@ -1,26 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# should proclaim -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel, archangel]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews|good news, gospel]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +This is describing something that has not happened and should not happen. AT: "would proclaim" or "were to proclaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# other than the one -* **should proclaim** - "would proclaim" or "were to proclaim." This is describing something that has not happened and should not happen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **other than the one** - "different from the gospel" or "different from the message" -* **he should be cursed** - "God should punish that person who preached a false gospel forever" (see UDB). If your language has a common way of calling a curse down on someone, you should use that. -* **For do I now want the approval of men or God? Or am I seeking to please men?** - These rhetorical questions expect the answer "No." AT: "I do not seek the approval of men but instead I seek the approval of God. I am not seeking to please men." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If I am still trying to please men, I am not a servant of Christ** - Both the "if" phrase and the "then" phrase are contrary to fact. AT: "I am not still trying to please men; I am a servant of Christ" or "If I were still trying to please men, then I would not be a servant of Christ." +"different from the gospel" or "different from the message" + +# let him be cursed + +"God should punish that person forever." If your language has a common way of calling a curse down on someone, you should use that. + +# For am I now seeking the approval of men or God? Am I seeking to please men? + +These rhetorical questions expect the answer "no." AT: "I do not seek the approval of men, but instead I seek the approval of God. I am not seeking to please men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If I am still trying to please men, I am not a servant of Christ + +Both the "if" phrase and the "then" phrase are contrary to fact. "I am not still trying to please men; I am a servant of Christ" or "If I were still trying to please men, then I would not be a servant of Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/11.md b/gal/01/11.md index 0b13771572..b6babb3096 100644 --- a/gal/01/11.md +++ b/gal/01/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +Paul explains that he did not learn the gospel from others; he learned it from Jesus Christ. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **I did not receive it … nor was I taught it** - "I did not hear the gospel … nor was I taught the gospel" -* **it was by revelation of Jesus Christ to me** - This can mean either "Jesus Christ himself revealed the gospel to me" or "God made me know the gospel when he showed me who Jesus Christ was" -* **mere humans** - "human origin" +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](./01.md). + +# not man's gospel + +By using this phrase, Paul was not trying to say that Jesus Christ is not himself human. Because Christ is both man and God, however, he is not a sinful human being. Paul is writing about where the gospel came from; that it did not come from other sinful human beings, but it came from Jesus Christ. + +# it was by revelation of Jesus Christ to me + +Possible meanings are 1) "Jesus Christ himself revealed the gospel to me" or 2) "God made me know the gospel when he showed me who Jesus Christ was." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/13.md b/gal/01/13.md index e815d370fc..5c3af7d377 100644 --- a/gal/01/13.md +++ b/gal/01/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# former life -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judaism]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +"behavior at one time" or "prior life" or "earlier life" -## translationNotes +# I advanced -* **advancing** - "making progress" or "going forward." This metaphor sees being a complete Jew as a place toward which Paul was going ahead of Jews his own age. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **former life** - "behavior at one time" or "prior life" or "earlier life" -* **beyond measure** - "extremely" or "excessively" or "as much as I could" or "more than was necessary" -* **devastating** - "destroying" -* **fellow** - "Jewish people of the same age" -* **fathers** - or "ancestors." +This metaphor pictures Paul as being ahead of other Jews his age in their goal to be perfect Jews. + +# those who were my own age + +"the Jewish people who are the same age as I am" + +# fathers + +"ancestors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/15.md b/gal/01/15.md index aeb5d760ce..845fcb6082 100644 --- a/gal/01/15.md +++ b/gal/01/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# who called me through his grace -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:arabia]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] +Possible meanings are 1) "God called me to serve him because he is gracious" or 2) "He called me by means of his grace." -## translationNotes +# to reveal his Son in me -* **he called me through his grace** - Possible meanings are "God called me to serve Him because He is gracious" or 2) "he called me by means of his grace." -* **to reveal his Son in me** - Possible meanings are 1) "to allow me to know his (God's) son" (see UDB) or 2) "to show the world through me that Jesus is God's son." -* **proclaim him** - "proclaim God's Son" or "preach the good news about God's Son" -* **consult with flesh and blood** - "ask people to help me understand the message" -* **go up** - "travel" +Possible meanings are 1) "to allow me to know his Son" or 2) "to show the world through me that Jesus is God's Son." + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# proclaim him + +"proclaim that he is God's Son" or "preach the good news about God's Son" + +# consult with flesh and blood + +This is an expression that means talking with other people. AT: "ask people to help me understand the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# go up to Jerusalem + +"go to Jerusalem." Jerusalem was in a region of high hills, making it necessary to climb many hills in order to get there, and so it was common to describe travel to Jerusalem as "going up to Jerusalem." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/18.md b/gal/01/18.md index 553a007946..6baae6dfb6 100644 --- a/gal/01/18.md +++ b/gal/01/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I saw none of the other apostles except James -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +This double negative emphasizes that James was the only apostle whom Paul saw. AT: "the only other apostle I saw was James" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# before God -* **Look, before God** - Paul wants the Galatians to understand that Paul is completely serious and that he knows that God hears what he says and will judge him if he does not tell the truth. -* **in the things I write to you I do not lie** - "I am not lying to you in the messages I write to you" +Paul wants the Galatians to understand that Paul is completely serious and that he knows that God hears what he says and will judge him if he does not tell the truth. + +# In what I write to you, I assure you before God, that I am not lying + +Paul uses litotes to emphasize that he is telling the truth. AT: "I am not lying to you in the messages I write to you" or "in the things I write to you I am telling you the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/21.md b/gal/01/21.md index ad3f080d1d..76fe47cbd8 100644 --- a/gal/01/21.md +++ b/gal/01/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# regions of -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:cilicia]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:syria]] +"part of the world called" -## translationNotes +# They only heard it being said -* **regions of** - "part of the world called" -* **still** - "at that time" -* **but they were only hearing** - AT: "but they only knew what they heard others saying about me." -* **I was still not known by sight** - "none of the people in these churches had ever seen me" +"but they only knew what they heard others saying about me" + +# I was still not personally known to the churches of Judea that are in Christ + +"None of the people in the churches of Judea that are in Christ had ever met me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/intro.md b/gal/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89d8b77b67 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Galatians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The introduction to this letter is slightly different than Paul's other letters. It states, "I am not an apostle from men nor through a man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead." This statement is probably included because there were false teachers who opposed Paul and tried to undermine his authority. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Heresy ##### +There is only one gospel that is capable of saving a person eternally. This is the true, biblical gospel, any other version of the gospel is under condemnation from God. Those who teach a false gospel are considered accursed and it is possible that they are outside of salvation. They should be treated as non-Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +##### Paul's qualifications ##### + +There was an issue in the early church whereby certain people taught that Gentiles needed to obey the law of Moses. In this chapter, Paul gives his credentials or qualifications as an "exemplary" Jew in order to refute this teaching (1:11-24). As a Jew, and the apostle to the Gentile people, Paul is uniquely qualified to address this issue. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "You are turning so quickly to a different gospel" ##### +Galatians was probably the first letter Paul wrote, making this line one of the first recorded statements about the early church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Galatians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/01.md b/gal/02/01.md index 7760e9c902..367702470e 100644 --- a/gal/02/01.md +++ b/gal/02/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:run]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] +Paul continues to give the history of how he learned the gospel from God, not the apostles. -## translationNotes +# went up -* **went up** - or "traveled." Jerusalem is located in hilly country. The Jews also viewed Jerusalem as the place on earth that is closest to heaven, so Paul may have been speaking figuratively. -* **I should go** - "go to Jerusalem." or "go there" -* **those of repute who were leading the others** - "the most important leaders of the believers" (UDB) -* **for nothing** - "for no benefit" or "working uselessly" (UDB) +"traveled." Jerusalem is located in hilly country. The Jews also viewed Jerusalem as the place on earth that is closest to heaven, so Paul may have been speaking figuratively, or it may be that it was reflecting the difficult, uphill, journey to get to Jerusalem. + +# those who seemed to be important + +"the most important leaders among the believers" + +# I was not running—or had not run—in vain + +Paul uses running as a metaphor for work, and he uses a double negative to emphasize that the work he had done was profitable. AT: "I was doing, or had done, profitable work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in vain + +"for no benefit" or "for nothing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/03.md b/gal/02/03.md index 18f47ced9e..61fd042681 100644 --- a/gal/02/03.md +++ b/gal/02/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# to be circumcised -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to have someone circumcise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The false brothers came in secretly -* **false brothers sent in secretly** - "people who pretended to be Christians who came to cause harm without anyone knowing about it" -* **spy** - secretly look at people to see what they are doing in order to harm them -* **liberty** - freedom (see UDB) -* **They desired** - "These spies desired" or "These false brothers desired" -* **to make us slaves to the law** - "to force us to obey the law." "The law" here refers following Jewish rituals, most importantly circumcision. (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **yield in submission** - "submit" or "listen" -* **might remain unchanged for you** - "will continue in you" or "will remain unchanged for you" or "will stay unchanged for you" -* **you** - plural +"People who pretended to be Christians came into the church," or "People who pretended to be Christians came among us" + +# spy on the liberty + +secretly watch people to see how they live in liberty + +# liberty + +freedom + +# They desired + +"These spies desired" or "These false brothers wanted" + +# to make us slaves + +"to make us slaves to the law." Paul is speaking about being forced to follow the Jewish rituals that the law commanded. He is speaking about this as if it were slavery. The most important ritual was circumcision. AT: "to force us to obey the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# yield in submission + +"submit" or "listen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/06.md b/gal/02/06.md index 3d252f9c60..41b5c87cd0 100644 --- a/gal/02/06.md +++ b/gal/02/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# added nothing to me -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +The word "me" here represents what Paul was teaching. AT: "added nothing to what I teach" or "did not tell me to add anything to what I teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# On the contrary -* **Instead, they** - "instead, the leaders" -* ***I had been entrusted** - AT: "God trusted me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to proclaim** - "to preach" +"Instead" or "Rather" + +# I had been entrusted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God trusted me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/09.md b/gal/02/09.md index fe87577491..4b9da831e0 100644 --- a/gal/02/09.md +++ b/gal/02/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# built up the church -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +They were men who taught people about Jesus and convinced people to believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# understood the grace that had been given to me -* **gave ... the right hand of fellowship** - "welcomed ... as fellow workers" or "welcomed ... with honor" -* **the right hand** - AT: "their right hands." -* **remember the poor** - "take care of the needs of the poor" +The abstract noun "grace" can be translated as the verb "be kind." AT: "understood that God had been kind to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the grace that had been given to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the grace that God had given to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gave ... the right hand of fellowship + +Grasping and shaking the right hand was a symbol of fellowship. AT: "welcomed ... as fellow workers" or "welcomed ... with honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the right hand + +"their right hands" + +# remember the poor + +You may need to make explicit what about the poor he was to remember. AT: "remember to take care of the needs of the poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/11.md b/gal/02/11.md index de2c956bd3..f003e8af00 100644 --- a/gal/02/11.md +++ b/gal/02/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I opposed him to his face -* [[en:tw:antioch]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +The words "to his face" are a metonym for "where he could see and hear me." AT: "I confronted him in person" or "I challenged his actions in person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Before -* **I resisted him to his face** - "I confronted him in person" or "I challenged his actions in person" -* **Before** - in relation to time -* **he stopped** - "he stopped eating with them" -* **in fear of these men** - "because he was afraid that these men would judge that he was doing something wrong" or "because he was afraid that these men would blame him for doing something wrong" -* **men who have been circumcised** - Jews -* **kept away from** - "stayed away from" or "avoided" +in relation to time + +# he stopped + +"he stopped eating with them" + +# He was afraid of those who were demanding circumcision + +The reason Cephas was afraid can be stated explicitly. AT: "He was afraid that these men who required circumcision would judge that he was doing something wrong" or "He was afraid that these men who required circumcision would blame him for doing something wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who were demanding circumcision + +Jews who had become Christians, but who demanded that those who believe in Christ live according to Jewish customs + +# kept away from + +"stayed away from" or "avoided" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/13.md b/gal/02/13.md index 30250bc185..4603da6257 100644 --- a/gal/02/13.md +++ b/gal/02/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# not following the truth of the gospel -* [[en:tw:barnabas]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +"they were not living like people who believe the gospel" or "they were living as though they did not believe the gospel" -## translationNotes +# how can you force the Gentiles to live like Jews? -* **how can you force the Gentiles to live like Jews?** - "you are wrong to force the Gentiles to live like Jews" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **force** - using words +This rhetorical question is a rebuke and can be translated as a statement. The word "you" is singular and refers to Peter. AT: "you are wrong to force the Gentiles to live like Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# force + +Possible meanings are 1) force by using words or 2) persuade . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/15.md b/gal/02/15.md index 3b06f4a3e4..40209af428 100644 --- a/gal/02/15.md +++ b/gal/02/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul tells the believers that Jews who know the law, as well as Gentiles who do not know the law, are saved only by faith in Christ and not by keeping the law. -## translationNotes +# not Gentile sinners -* (Some translators think that these verses are also what Paul said to Peter on that occasion.) -* **We came to faith in Christ Jesus** - "We believed in Christ Jesus" -* **no flesh** - "no person" +"not those whom the Jews call Gentile sinners" + +# We also came to faith in Christ Jesus + +"We believed in Christ Jesus" + +# we + +This probably refers to Paul and others but not to the Galatians, who were primarily Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# no flesh + +The word "flesh" is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "no person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/17.md b/gal/02/17.md index 7e4c5af46e..d5a3dbb8e1 100644 --- a/gal/02/17.md +++ b/gal/02/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# while we seek to be justified in Christ -* [[en:tw:deacon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +The phrase "justified in Christ" means justified because we are united with Christ and justified by means of Christ. -## translationNotes +# we too, were found to be sinners -* **Absolutely not!** - "Of course that is not true!" This expression give the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The words "were found to be" are an idiom that emphasizes that "we are" certainly sinners. AT: "we see that we also certainly are sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Absolutely not! + +"Of course, that is not true!" This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question "Does Christ become a servant of sin?" You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/20.md b/gal/02/20.md index 188728438d..dd68dac766 100644 --- a/gal/02/20.md +++ b/gal/02/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Son of God -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# I do not set aside -* **I do not negate** - "I do not set aside" (UDB) or "make of no value" -* **if righteousness existed through the law, then Christ would have died for nothing** - That is, because righteousness did not exist through the law, Christ did not die for nothing. -* **would have died for nothing** - "would have accomplished nothing by dying" +Paul states a negative to emphasize the positive. AT: "I confirm the value of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# if righteousness could be gained through the law, then Christ died for nothing + +Paul is describing a situation that never existed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if righteousness could be gained through the law + +"if people could become righteous by obeying the law" + +# then Christ died for nothing + +"then Christ would have accomplished nothing by dying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/intro.md b/gal/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..838313eb58 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Galatians 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the discussion of Paul's qualifications that began in [Galatians 1:11](../01/11.md). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Freedom and slavery ##### + +These two concepts are used in contrast to each other. The Christian has freedom in Christ to be able to do many different things, but the Christian who attempts to follow the law of Moses, even one point, is under obligation to follow the whole of the law. This attempt to follow the law enslaves the Christians to have to follow it all. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I do not negate the grace of God" ##### + +Paul teaches that, if a Christian attempts to follow the law of Moses, they fail to understand the grace God has shown to them. This is a fundamental error, but Paul uses this statement as a type of hypothetical situation. The purpose of this statement could be seen as, "if you could be saved by following the law, then it would negate the grace of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/01.md b/gal/03/01.md index 942577beeb..a9d07cdb5f 100644 --- a/gal/03/01.md +++ b/gal/03/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul reminds the believers in Galatia that God gave them God's Spirit when they believed the gospel by faith, not by their doing God's law. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **whose evil eye has harmed you?** - Paul is using irony and a rhetorical question to say that the Galatians are acting as though someone has put a spell on them. He does not really believe that someone has put a spell on them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **evil eye** - This term is related to witchcraft and the casting of spells. It is used in a figurative sense here. If your language has a different way to express the placing of a spell on someone, you may want to use it here. -* **Was not Jesus Christ depicted as crucified before your eyes?** - This is another rhetorical question: "I told you exactly how they had crucified Jesus Christ" (UDB). -* **I only want to learn this from you** - This continues the irony from verse 1. Paul knows the answers to the rhetorical questions he is about to ask. As you translate, emphasize this and only, as these are the most important words in the sentence. -* **this** - refers to the three questions that follow -* **Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law or by believing in what you heard** - "You received the Spirit, not by doing what the law says, but by believing what you heard." Translate this rhetorical question as a question if you can, because the reader will be expecting a question here. Also, be sure that the reader knows that the answer to the question is "by believing what you heard," not "by doing what the law says." -* **Are you so foolish?** - This rhetorical question not only says "You(plural) are very foolish!" (UDB), it also shows that Paul is surprised and even angry that the Galatians are foolish. -* **in the flesh** - "by your own work" +Paul is rebuking the Galatians by asking rhetorical questions. + +# Who has put a spell on you? + +Paul is using irony and a rhetorical question to say that the Galatians are acting as though someone has put a spell on them. He does not really believe that someone has put a spell on them. AT: "You behave as if someone has put a spell on you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# put a spell on you + +"done magic on you" or "done witchcraft on you" + +# It was before your eyes that Jesus Christ was publicly displayed as crucified + +Paul speaks of his clear teaching of Jesus being crucified as if he had put on public display a picture of Jesus being crucified. And he speaks of the Galatians having heard his teaching as if they had seen the picture. AT: "You yourselves heard the clear teaching about Jesus being crucified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This is the only thing I want to learn from you + +This continues the irony from verse 1. Paul knows the answers to the rhetorical questions he is about to ask. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law or by believing what you heard? + +Translate this rhetorical question as a question if you can, because the reader will be expecting a question here. Also, be sure that the reader knows that the answer to the question is "by believing what you heard," not "by doing what the law says." AT: "You received the Spirit, not by doing what the law says, but by believing what you heard." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are you so foolish? + +This rhetorical question shows that Paul is surprised and even angry that the Galatians are foolish. AT: "You are very foolish!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# by the flesh + +The word "flesh" is a metonym for effort. AT: "by your own effort" or "by your own work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/04.md b/gal/03/04.md index 62cfba78cb..9ea41755b9 100644 --- a/gal/03/04.md +++ b/gal/03/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Have you suffered so many things for nothing ... ? -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul uses this question to remind the Galatians that when they were suffering, they believed that they would receive some benefit. AT: "Surely you did not think that you were suffering so many things for nothing ... !" or "Surely you knew that there was some good purpose for suffering so many things ... !" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Have you suffered so many things for nothing -* **Did you suffer … for nothing?** - Paul asks a rhetorical question to remind the Galatians of the hardships they had suffered. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]].) -* **suffer so many things** - AT: 1) "experience so many good and bad things" (see UDB) or 2) "suffer so much" persecution because of their original commitment to Christ or 3) "work so hard" to keep the law -* **if indeed they were for nothing** - AT: 1) "they would have been of no value at all if you had not been trusting in him" (UDB) or 2) assuming the Galatians were working hard to keep the law, "if the work you did were only for nothing," meaning that they were depending on works, not on Christ, and God would not count them as believers. -* **does he … do it by the works of the law or by the hearing with faith?** - Paul asks another rhetorical question to remind the Galatians how people receive the Spirit. AT: "he … does not do it by the works of the law; he does it by the hearing with faith." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]].) -* **by the works of the law** - "when we do what the law tells us to do" -* **by the hearing with faith** - "when we listen to the message and put our trust in Jesus" +It can be stated clearly that they had suffered these things because of people who opposed them for their faith in Christ. AT: "Have you suffered so many things by those who opposed you for your faith in Christ for nothing" or "You believed in Christ, and you suffered many things by those who oppose Christ. Were your belief and suffering for nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for nothing + +"uselessly" or "without the hope of receiving something good" + +# if indeed it was for nothing? + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul uses this rhetorical question to warn them not to let their experiences be for nothing. AT: "Do not let it be for nothing!" or "Do not stop believing in Jesus Christ and let your suffering be for nothing." or 2) Paul uses this question to assure them that their suffering was not for nothing. AT: "It was certainly not for nothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does he ... do so by the works of the law, or by hearing with faith? + +Paul asks another rhetorical question to remind the Galatians how people receive the Spirit. AT: "He ... does not do it by the works of the law; he does it by hearing with faith." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# by the works of the law + +This represents people doing the works that the law requires. AT: "because you do what the law tells us to do" + +# by hearing with faith + +Your language may require that what the people heard and whom they trusted be stated explicitly. AT: "because you heard the message and had faith in Jesus" or "because you listened to the message and trusted in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/06.md b/gal/03/06.md index 7261531c04..8498b7531b 100644 --- a/gal/03/06.md +++ b/gal/03/06.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul reminds the Galatian believers that even Abraham received righteousness by faith and not by the law. -## translationNotes +# it was credited to him as righteousness -* **it was credited to him as righteousness** - God saw Abraham's faith in God, so then God considered Abraham righteous. -* **they who believe** - "people who believe" -* **sons of Abraham** - "descendants of Abraham," not his physical descendants, but righteous in the same way as Abraham (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **foresaw** - "predicted" or "saw before it happened." Because God made the promise to Abraham and they wrote it down before the promise came through Christ, the scripture is like someone who knows the future before it happens. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **In you** - "Because of what you have done" (UDB) or "Because I have blessed you" -* **all the nations** - "all the people-groups in the world" (UDB). God was emphasizing that he was not favoring only the Jewish people, his chosen group. His plan of salvation was for both Jews and non-Jews. -* **have faith** - believe God +God saw Abraham's faith in God, so then God considered Abraham righteous. + +# those of faith + +"those who have faith." The meaning of the noun "faith" can be expressed with the verb "believe". AT: "those who believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# children of Abraham + +This represents people whom God views as he viewed Abraham. AT: "righteous in the same way as Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# foreseeing + +Because God made the promise to Abraham and they wrote it down before the promise came through Christ, the scripture is like someone who knows the future before it happens. AT: "predicted" or "saw before it happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# In you + +"Because of what you have done" or "Because I have blessed you." The word "you" refers to Abraham and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# all the nations + +"all the people-groups in the world." God was emphasizing that he was not favoring only the Jewish people, his chosen group. His plan of salvation was for both Jews and non-Jews. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/10.md b/gal/03/10.md index 61e0214d12..c04d264bc6 100644 --- a/gal/03/10.md +++ b/gal/03/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# All who rely on ... the law are under a curse -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Being under a curse represents being cursed. Here it refers to being eternally punished. "Those who rely on ... the law are cursed" or "God will eternally punish those who rely on ... the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Now it is clear -* **Those who rely on … the law are under a curse** - "God will eternally punish those who rely on … the law" -* **Now it is clear that God justifies** - "God has said plainly that he justifies" -* **Those** - "People" or "The people" -* **works of the law** - obeying God's law -* **abide by** - "live according to" or "submit to" or "stay faithful to" or "obey" or "observe" -* **to do it all** - "to obey all of the law." -* **The righteous** - "The people whom God considers righteous" or "The righteous people" -* **things in the law** - " things written in the law" -* **will live by the laws** - This can mean 1) "must obey them all" (UDB) or 2) "will live because he does what the law commands" +What is clear can be stated explicitly. AT "The scriptures are clear" or "The scriptures teach clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no one is justified before God by the law + +This can be stated with an active verb. AT: "God justifies no one by the law" + +# no one is justified before God by the law + +Paul is correcting their believe that if they obeyed the law, God would justify them. AT: "no one is justified before God by obeying the law" or "God does not justify anyone for their obedience to the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the righteous will live by faith + +The nominal adjective "righteous" refers to righteous people. AT: "righteous people will live by faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the works of the law + +"what the law says we must do" + +# must live by them + +Possible meanings are 1) "must obey them all" or 2) "will be judged by his ability to do what the law demands." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/13.md b/gal/03/13.md index 3976c35b00..4b3f5c33b7 100644 --- a/gal/03/13.md +++ b/gal/03/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:hang]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul reminds these believers again that keeping the law could not save a person and that the law did not add a new condition to the promise by faith given to Abraham. -## translationNotes +# from the curse of the law -* **he became a curse for us** - "God condemned him instead of condemning us" -* **hangs on a tree** - This refers to the practice of hanging the body of one already dead in a typical tree. Paul expected his audience to understand that he was referring to Jesus hanging on the cross. -* **might** - "will" -* **we** - inclusive. Paul was including himself with the non-Jews. +The noun "curse" can be expressed with the verb "curse." AT: "from being cursed because of the law" or "from being cursed for not obeying the law" + +# by becoming a curse for us + +The noun "curse" can be expressed with the verb "curse." AT: "by being cursed for us" or "when God cursed him instead of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from the curse of the law ... becoming a curse for us ... Cursed is everyone + +Curse here represents being condemned. AT: "from being condemned by the law ... being condemned instead of us ... Condemned is everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hangs on a tree + +Paul expected his audience to understand that he was referring to Jesus hanging on the cross. + +# might + +"will" + +# we + +The word "we" includes the people who would read the letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/15.md b/gal/03/15.md index e35fef3b81..3aea3cbea4 100644 --- a/gal/03/15.md +++ b/gal/03/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Brothers -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). -## translationNotes +# in human terms -* **in human terms** - "as a man" or "as a person" or "as a human" -* **referring to many** - "referring to many descendants" -* **Now** - Paul has stated a general principle and is introducing a specific case. +"as a person" or "of things most people understand" + +# Now + +This word shows that Paul has stated a general principle and is now beginning to introduce a specific case. + +# referring to many + +"referring to many descendants" + +# to your descendant + +The word "your" is singular and refers to a specific person, who is a particular descendant of Abraham (and that descendant is identified as "Christ"). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/17.md b/gal/03/17.md index ab7db1e41c..ab1453950d 100644 --- a/gal/03/17.md +++ b/gal/03/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# 430 years -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +"four hundred and thirty years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# For if the inheritance comes by the law, then it no longer comes by promise -* **The covenant confirmed beforehand by God does not have its promise voided by the law that came 430 years later** - "The law, which God made 430 years after he had made the covenant, did not cancel that covenant and so cancel the promise" -* **by means of** - "by way of" or "through" +Paul is speaking of a situation that did not exist to emphasize that the inheritance came only by means of the promise. AT: "the inheritance comes to us by means of the promise, because we could not keep the demands of God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# inheritance + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance of property and wealth from a family member, and eternal blessings and redemption. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/19.md b/gal/03/19.md index d8c7ccfce8..85c34ca469 100644 --- a/gal/03/19.md +++ b/gal/03/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:mediator]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Paul tells the believers in Galatia why God gave the law. -## translationNotes +# What, then, was the purpose of the law? -* **Why then was there the law?** - "Why then was the law given?" or "Why then did God give the law?" -* **it was added** - "God added it" or "God added the law" -* **those** - "the people" -* **the law was put into force through angels by the hand of a mediator** - "Angels issued the law and a mediator put it into force" -* **put into force** - develop a way of enforcing -* **mediator** - Moses -* **a mediator implies more than one person** - "the presence of a mediator implies that there is more than one person acting" +Paul uses a rhetorical question to introduce the next topic he wants to discuss. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "I will tell you what the purpose of the law is." or "Let me tell you why God gave the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It was added + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God added it" or "God added the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The law was put into force through angels by a mediator + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God issued the law with the help of angels, and a mediator put it into force" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a mediator + +"a representative" + +# Now a mediator implies more than one person, but God is one + +God gave his promise to Abraham without a mediator, but he gave the law to Moses with a mediator. As a result, Paul's readers may have thought that the law somehow made the promise to no effect. Paul is stating what his readers might have thought here, and he will respond to them in the verses that follow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/21.md b/gal/03/21.md index e0fc7f74f8..36f9760889 100644 --- a/gal/03/21.md +++ b/gal/03/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The word "us" in this section refers to all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# against -* **against** - or "opposed to" or "in conflict with" -* **if a law had been given that was able to give life, righteousness would certainly have come by that law** - This can also mean "If God had given a law that enabled those who kept it to live, we could have become righteous by obeying that law" -* **scripture imprisoned all things under sin. So God's promise to save us by faith in Jesus Christ was given to those who believe** - This can also mean "Because we sin, God put all things under the control of the law like putting them in prison, so that what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he might give to those who believe" or "Because we sin, God put all things under the control of the law like putting them in prison. He did this because what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he wants to give to those who believe." -* **scripture** - "God," the author of scripture. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"opposed to" or "in conflict with" + +# if a law had been given that could give life + +This can be stated in active form, and the abstract noun "life" can be translated with the verb "live." AT: "if God had given a law that enabled those who kept it to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# righteousness would certainly have come by the law + +"we could have become righteous by obeying that law" + +# scripture imprisoned everything under sin. God did this so that the promise to save us by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe + +Other possible meanings are 1) "because we all sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison, so that what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he might give to those who believe" or 2) "because we sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison. He did this because what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he wants to give to those who believe." + +# scripture + +Paul is treating scripture as though it were a person and is speaking of God, who wrote scripture. AT: "God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/23.md b/gal/03/23.md index af9c73a56f..7124f8379f 100644 --- a/gal/03/23.md +++ b/gal/03/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Paul reminds those in Galatia that believers are free in God's family, not slaves under the law. -## translationNotes +# we were held captive under the law, imprisoned -* **we were imprisoned and confined by the law** - "the law controlled us like a prison guard" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **until the revelation of faith** - "until God revealed that he justifies those who trust in Christ" or "until God revealed that he justifies those who have faith in Christ." -* **to bring us to the time of Christ** - "until Christ came" -* **that we might be justified** - "that we would be declared to be righteous." God had planned to justify us before "the time of Christ"; when that time came, he carried out his plan to justify us. -* **childminder** - This is sometimes translated as "tutor" but it means more than a teacher. The childminder was usually a slave who was responsible for training an heir how to live a moral, productive life. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the law held us captive and we were in prison" or "the law held us captive in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we were held captive under the law, imprisoned + +The way the law controlled us is spoken of as if the law were a prison guard holding us as captives. AT: "the law controlled us like a prison guard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until faith should be revealed + +This can be stated in active form, and who this faith is in can be stated clearly. AT: "until God would reveal that he justifies those who have faith in Christ" or "until God would reveal that he justifies those who trust in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# guardian + +More than simply "one who gives oversight to a child," this was usually a slave who was responsible for enforcing rules and behaviors given by the parent and would report to the parent on the child's actions. + +# until Christ came + +"until the time when Christ came" + +# so that we might be justified + +Before Christ came, God had planned to justify us. When Christ came, he carried out his plan to justify us. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that God would declare us to be righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/27.md b/gal/03/27.md index b3504455ba..8cacf96306 100644 --- a/gal/03/27.md +++ b/gal/03/27.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For as many of you who were baptized into Christ -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +"For all of you who were baptized into Christ" -## translationNotes +# have clothed yourselves with Christ -* In this passage, the word 'you' is always plural. -* **you … have clothed yourselves in Christ** - This can mean 1) "you … have become the same sort of person as Christ is" (UDB) or 2) "you … have the same relationship to God as Christ." -* **There is neither** - "There is no distinction between" or "God sees no difference between" -* **If you are Christ's then are you** - "If you are Christ's, then you are" +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor meaning that they have been united to Christ. AT: "have become united with Christ" or "belong to Christ" or 2) this is a metaphor meaning that they have become like Christ. AT: "have become like Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female + +"God sees no difference between Jew and Greek, slave and free, male and female" + +# heirs + +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/intro.md b/gal/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..90a7341d89 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Galatians 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Equality in Christ ##### +In the church, there is equality between all members. Race, ethnic identity, sex and economic standing do not matter. All have equal standing with each other and in the eyes of God. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Paul uses many different rhetorical questions to convince the Galatians of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Those who believe are sons of Abraham" ##### +Scholars are divided over what this means. Some believe Christians inherit the promises of Abraham, replacing the physical descendants of Israel. Others believe Christians are those who follow in the spiritual footsteps of Abraham, but they do not inherit the promises given to Abraham. In light of Paul's other teachings, and the context here, it is probable that Paul is talking about the Jewish Christians as living in equality with the Gentile Christians; but this does not negate the specific future and inheritance of the physical descendants of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/01.md b/gal/04/01.md index 9d0b36123b..e7084268da 100644 --- a/gal/04/01.md +++ b/gal/04/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Paul continues to remind the Galatian believers that Christ came to redeem those who were under the law, and that he made them no more slaves but sons. -## translationNotes +# no different from -* (There are no notes for these verses.) +"the same as" + +# guardians + +people with legal responsibility for children + +# trustees + +people whom others trust to keep valuable items safe \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/03.md b/gal/04/03.md index b4ef3a2c41..4be3d9c790 100644 --- a/gal/04/03.md +++ b/gal/04/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adoption]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +The word "we" here refers to all Christians, including Paul's readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# the elemental principles of the world -* **we** - all Christians, including Paul's readers (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **the elemental principles of the universe** - This can also refer to the sun, moon, and stars, which some people think control what happens on earth, or it can refer to impersonal things like laws or moral principles. -* **might** - or "would" -* **sent forth** - or "sent" or "sent off" +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the laws or moral principles of the world, or 2) this refers to spiritual powers, which some people thought control what happens on earth. + +# redeem + +Paul uses the metaphor of a person buying back lost property or buying the freedom of a slave as a picture of Jesus paying for his people's sins by dying on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/06.md b/gal/04/06.md index 9276d0c77d..be3d119314 100644 --- a/gal/04/06.md +++ b/gal/04/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# you are sons ... you are no longer a slave, but a son -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Paul uses the word for male child here because the subject is inheritance. In his culture and that of his readers, inheritance passed most commonly, but not always, to male children. He was neither specifying nor excluding female children here. -## translationNotes +# God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, who calls out, "Abba, Father." -* **Abba** - This is the way a young child would address his father in Paul's home language, but not in the language of the Galatian readers. To keep the sense of a foreign language, translate this as a word that sounds as much like "Abba" as your language allows. -* **sent forth the Spirit of his Son into our hearts** - "sent his Son's Spirit to show us how to think and act" -* **who calls** - the Spirit is the one who calls -* **sons … son … son** - Paul uses the word for male child here because the subject is inheritance. In his culture and that of his readers, inheritance passed most commonly, but not always, to male children. He was neither specifying nor excluding female children here. +By calling out "Abba, Father" the Spirit assures us that we are God's children and he loves us. + +# sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts + +The heart is metonym for the part of a person that thinks and feels. AT: "sent his Son's Spirit to show us how to think and act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who calls + +The Spirit is the one who calls. + +# Abba, Father + +This is the way a young child would address his father in Paul's home language, but not in the language of the Galatian readers. To keep the sense of a foreign language, translate this as a word that sounds as much like "Abba" as your language allows. + +# you are no longer a slave ... you are also an heir + +Paul is addressing his readers as though they are one person, so "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# heir + +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/08.md b/gal/04/08.md index 9825f34caa..6a25c6bedb 100644 --- a/gal/04/08.md +++ b/gal/04/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Paul reminds the Galatian believers that they are again trying to live under God's laws rather than living by faith. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* All instances of the word 'you' here are plural. -* **the ones** - "those things" or "those spirits" -* **you are known by God** - "God knows you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **why are you returning again…? ** - This is the first of two rhetorical questions. AT: "you should not return again…." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]].) -* **elemental principles** - Translate this phrase the same way you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:gal:04:03]]. -* **Do you want to be slaves…?** - AT: "You should not want to be slaves…" or "It seems that you do want to be slaves…." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]].) +He continues to rebuke the Galatians by asking rhetorical questions. + +# those who are + +"those things that are" or "those spirits who are" + +# you are known by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God knows you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# how is it that you are turning back to ... principles? + +This is the first of two rhetorical questions. AT: "you should not go back to ... principles." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# elemental principles + +See how you translated this phrase in [Galatians 4:3](./03.md). + +# Do you want to be enslaved all over again? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not want to be slaves all over again!" or "It seems that you do want to be slaves again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/10.md b/gal/04/10.md index 110fa5a08c..7fd31f55e0 100644 --- a/gal/04/10.md +++ b/gal/04/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# You observe days and new moons and seasons and years -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] +Paul is speaking of their being careful to celebrate certain times, thinking that doing that will make them right with God. AT: "You carefully celebrate days and new moons and seasons and years" -## translationNotes +# may have been for nothing -* **carefully observe** - "keep" or "celebrate." Paul is speaking of feasts and fasts. -* **labored over you** - "worked hard to teach you about Jesus." This word is never used for childbirth in the New Testament. -* **in vain** - "with no effect" or "to no purpose" -* **you** - plural +"may have been useless" or "has not had any effect effect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/12.md b/gal/04/12.md index f57d3651e5..f719a95a60 100644 --- a/gal/04/12.md +++ b/gal/04/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] +Paul reminds the Galatian believers how kindly they treated him when he was with them, and he encourages them to continue to trust him while he is not there with them. -## translationNotes +# beg -* **beg** - to ask or urge strongly (see UDB). This is not the word used to ask for money or food or physical objects. -* **You did me no wrong** - AT: "You treated me very well" or "You treated me as you should have." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **What was a trial to you in my flesh** - AT: "What was difficult for you to see in my flesh" -* **you** - plural -* **despise** - "hate very much" +Here this means to ask or urge strongly. This is not the word used to ask for money or food or physical objects. + +# brothers + +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). + +# You did me no wrong + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "You treated me well" or "You treated me as you should have" + +# Though my physical condition put you to the test + +"Though it was difficult for you to see me so physically ill" + +# despise + +"hate very much" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/15.md b/gal/04/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 44d9a7daad..0000000000 --- a/gal/04/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:witness]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Where, therefore, is now your happiness? ... have I become your enemy...?** - AT: "But now you are no longer happy! ... You seem to think that I have become your enemy" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) diff --git a/gal/04/17.md b/gal/04/17.md index eb5cedb168..e8ed28a39d 100644 --- a/gal/04/17.md +++ b/gal/04/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to win you over -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +"to convince you to join them" -## translationNotes +# to shut you out -* **passionately seek you...follow them...be passionate for good reasons** - AT: "follow after you...follow after them...follow after good things" to capture Paul's use of the same word in all three cases. -* **separate** - in loyalty, not physical distance -* **follow them** - "do what they tell you to do" -* **It is good to want** - "It is good that they want" +"to shut you out from us" or "to make you stop being loyal to us" + +# zealous for them + +"zealous to do what they tell you to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/19.md b/gal/04/19.md index 3178423138..fa8264caff 100644 --- a/gal/04/19.md +++ b/gal/04/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] +Paul tells believers that grace and law cannot work together. -## translationNotes +# My little children -* **I am suffering labor pains for you again, until Christ will have been formed in you** - Just as a pregnant woman is in pain when her baby is being born, Paul will be concerned about the Galatians until they are like Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor for disciples or followers. AT: "You who are disciples because of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am in the pains of childbirth for you until Christ is formed in you + +Paul uses childbirth as a metaphor for his concern about the Galatians. AT: "I am in pain as though I were a woman having to give birth to you, and I will continue to be in pain until Christ truly controls you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/21.md b/gal/04/21.md index 695e93baf2..3427c6e776 100644 --- a/gal/04/21.md +++ b/gal/04/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Tell me -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"I want to ask a question" or "I want to tell you something" -## translationNotes +# do you not listen to the law? -* **Tell me** - "I want to ask a question." AT: "I want to tell you something." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **do you not listen to what the law says?** - "have you not heard what the law says?" or "you need to learn what the law really says" or "let me tell you what the law says." Paul is introducing what he will be saying in verses 22-23. +Paul is introducing what he will say next. AT: "you need to learn what the law really says." or "let me tell you what the law really says." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/24.md b/gal/04/24.md index 7c7c425832..957dd8fed5 100644 --- a/gal/04/24.md +++ b/gal/04/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:arabia]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:hagar]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] +Paul begins a story to illustrate a truth—that law and grace cannot exist together. -## translationNotes +# These things may be interpreted as an allegory -* **These things can be explained allegorically** - "This story of the two sons is like a picture of what I'm going to tell you now" -* **Mount Sinai** - "Mount Sinai, where Moses gave the law to Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **who gives birth to bondage** - "the people under this covenant are like slaves who have to obey the law" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **symbolizes** - "is a picture of" -* **she is in bondage with her children** - Hagar is a slave and her children are slaves with her. AT: "Jerusalem, like Hagar, is a slave, and her children are slaves with her" (see UDB). +"This story of the two sons is like a picture of what I will tell you now" + +# as an allegory + +An "allegory" is a story in which the people and things in it represent other things. In Paul's allegory, the two women referred to in [Galatians 4:22](./21.md) represent two covenants. + +# Mount Sinai + +"Mount Sinai" is a synecdoche for the law that Moses gave to the Israelites there. AT: "Mount Sinai, where Moses gave the law to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# she gives birth to children who are slaves + +Paul treats the law as if it were a person. AT: "The people under this covenant are like slaves who have to obey the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# represents + +"is a picture of" + +# she is in slavery with her children + +Hagar is a slave and her children are slaves with her. AT: "Jerusalem, like Hagar, is a slave, and her children are slaves with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/26.md b/gal/04/26.md index 4d282a810e..3fd8090841 100644 --- a/gal/04/26.md +++ b/gal/04/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# free -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +Here "free" means not bound, not a slave. -## translationNotes +# Rejoice -* **free** - not bound, not a slave -* **Rejoice** - be happy -* **Break out and shout** - suddenly go from being silent to being very loud +"Be happy" + +# you barren one ... you who are not suffering + +Here "you" refers to the barren woman and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/28.md b/gal/04/28.md index f9baada026..c6236d4c0d 100644 --- a/gal/04/28.md +++ b/gal/04/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). -## translationNotes +# children of promise -* **according to the flesh** - "by means of human action" or "because of what people did." This refers to Abraham becoming Ishmael's father by taking Hagar as a wife. -* **according to the Spirit** - "because of something the Spirit did" +Possible meanings are that the Galatians have become God's children 1) by believing God's promise or 2) because God worked miracles to fulfill his promises to Abraham, first by giving Abraham a son and then by making the Galatians children of Abraham and thus sons of God. + +# according to the flesh + +This refers to Abraham's becoming Ishmael's father by taking Hagar as a wife. AT: "by means of human action" or "because of what people did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# according to the Spirit + +"because of something the Spirit did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/30.md b/gal/04/30.md index 066cff37d5..a5e957173b 100644 --- a/gal/04/30.md +++ b/gal/04/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). -## translationNotes +# but of the free woman -* (There are no notes for these verses.) +The words "we are children" are understood from the previous phrase. This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "Rather, we are children of the free woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/intro.md b/gal/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89a529b2e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Galatians 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:27, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sonship ##### +This is a complex issue discussed in this chapter. Scholars have many views on the issue of Israel's sonship. Not all of Abraham's physical descendants inherit the promises of Abraham. Only the children of Abraham, through his sons Isaac and Jacob, can inherit those promises and only those who follow him spiritually. It is through their faith that they become adopted into the family as sons with an inheritance ("children of promise"). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Abba ##### +This is a word in Aramaic. Paul does not "translate" this word into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" it by transferring it into Greek, using Greek letters instead of Aramaic letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this word either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this without translating its meaning. It was an informal way to refer to a person's father in ancient Israel. +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 4:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/01.md b/gal/05/01.md index 3c0e3fd6a8..8e58934e75 100644 --- a/gal/05/01.md +++ b/gal/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Paul applies the allegory by reminding the believers to use their liberty in Christ because all the law is fulfilled in loving neighbors as ourselves. -## translationNotes +# For freedom -* **It is for freedom** - The translation needs to emphasize "freedom" in contrast with the slavery talked about in the previous verses. -* **for ** - "to provide us with" -* **stand firm ** - "stay where you are," even though people are trying to force you to move -* **if you become circumcised** - "if you return to the Jewish religion." Paul is using circumcision as metonymy for Judaism. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The translation needs to emphasize "freedom" in contrast with the slavery talked about in the previous verses. + +# For freedom Christ has set us free + +"It is so that we can be free that Christ has set us free" + +# Stand firm + +Standing firm here represents being determined not to change. How they are not to change can be stated clearly. AT: "Do not give in to the arguments of people who teach something else" or "Be determined to stay free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# if you let yourselves be circumcised + +Paul is using circumcision as a metonym for Judaism. AT: "if you turn to the Jewish religion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/03.md b/gal/05/03.md index a9f95f2ebf..2cb1eccab0 100644 --- a/gal/05/03.md +++ b/gal/05/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# testify -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] +"declare" or "serve as a witness" -## translationNotes +# to every man who lets himself be circumcised -* **testify** - "declare" or "serve as a witness" -* **to every man who is circumcised** - "to every person who has become a Jew." Paul is using circumcision as a mmetonym for being Jewish. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **obliged** - "bound" or "constrained" or "enslaved" -* **to do** - "to obey" -* **You are alienated from Christ** - "You have ended your relationship with Christ" -* **seek to be justified by the law** - "look for ways to have God declare you good by obeying the law." The law is metonymy for Judaism. -* **you have fallen away from grace** - Paul is comparing a person who decides that he does not need or want the grace of Christ to someone who falls from a good high place to a bad lower place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul is using circumcision as a metonym for being Jewish. AT: "to every person who has become a Jew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# obligated + +"bound" or "constrained" or "enslaved" + +# You are cut off from Christ + +"You have ended your relationship with Christ" + +# you who would be justified by the law + +Paul is speaking ironically here. He actually teaches that no Jew can be justified by trying to do the deeds required by the law. AT: "all you who think you can be justified by doing the deeds required by the law" or "you who want to be justified by the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# you no longer experience grace + +Who that grace comes from can be stated clearly. AT: "God will not be gracious to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/05.md b/gal/05/05.md index 6da1f4b91e..d5716d306f 100644 --- a/gal/05/05.md +++ b/gal/05/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:run]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and those who oppose the circumcision of Christians. He is probably including the Galatians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# For -* **For** - "This is because." This verse gives the reason for "you are alienated from Christ … you have fallen away from grace" in verse 4. -* **by faith we are waiting for the confidence of righteousness** - This can mean 1) "we are waiting by faith for the confidence of righteousness" or 2) "we are waiting for the confidence of righteousness that comes by faith" -* **we** - This refers to Paul and those who oppose the circumcision of Christians. He is probably including the Galatians. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **are waiting** - expectantly, excitedly, patiently -* **confidence of righteousness** - "we are confident that God will declare us righteous" -* **neither circumcision nor uncircumcision** - metonymy for being a Jew or a non-Jew (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but instead only faith working through love** - "but instead of that, God is concerned with our faith in God, which is demonstrated by loving others" -* **You were running** - "You were practicing what Jesus taught" -* **The persuasion to do that is not from him who calls you** - "The one who persuades you to do that is not God, the one who calls you" to be his people -* **persuasion** - To persuade someone is to get that person to change what he believes to be true and so to act differently. +"This is because" + +# by faith, we eagerly wait for the certain hope of righteousness + +Possible meanings are 1) "we are waiting by faith for the certain hope of righteousness" or 2) "we are waiting for the certain hope of righteousness that comes by faith." + +# we eagerly wait for the certain hope of righteousness + +"we are waiting patiently and with excitement for God to put us right with himself forever, and we expect him to do it" + +# neither circumcision nor uncircumcision + +These are metonymy for being a Jew or a non-Jew. AT: "neither being a Jew nor not being a Jew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but only faith working through love + +"Rather, God is concerned with our faith in him, which we show by loving others" + +# means anything + +is worthwhile + +# You were running + +"You were practicing what Jesus taught" + +# This persuasion does not come from him who calls you + +"The one who persuades you to do that is not God, the one who calls you" + +# him who calls you + +What he calls them to can be stated clearly. AT: "the one who calls you to be his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# persuasion + +To persuade someone is to get that person to change what he believes and so to act differently. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/09.md b/gal/05/09.md index 43aab7465a..7bea093028 100644 --- a/gal/05/09.md +++ b/gal/05/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# you will take no other view -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +"you will not believe anything different from what I am telling you" -## translationNotes +# The one who is troubling you will pay the penalty -* **I have confidence in you in the Lord** - "I have confidence in you because God will help you" -* **you will not think in any other way** - AT: "you will not think anything other than what I am telling you." -* **think** - "believe" -* **he who confuses you will bear his own judgment, whoever he is** - "I do not know who is confusing you, but God will punish that person" -* **confuses you** - "causes you to be uncertain about what is truth" (see UDB) or "stirs up trouble among you" -* **will bear his own judgment** - "will be punished by God" -* **whoever he is** - This can mean 1) Paul does not know the names of the people who are telling the Galatians that they need to obey the Law of Moses or 2) Paul does not want the Galatians to care about whether those who "confuse" them are rich or poor or great or small or religious or not religious. +"God will punish the one who is troubling you" + +# is troubling you + +"is causing you to be uncertain about what is truth" or "stirs up trouble among you" + +# whoever he is + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul does not know the names of the people who are telling the Galatians that they need to obey the law of Moses or 2) Paul does not want the Galatians to care about whether those who "confuse" them are rich or poor or great or small or religious or not religious. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/11.md b/gal/05/11.md index 4c5536e031..97646b8ac8 100644 --- a/gal/05/11.md +++ b/gal/05/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Brothers, if I still proclaim circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] +Paul is describing a situation that does not exist to emphasize that people are persecuting him because he is not preaching that people need to become Jews. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Brothers, you can see that I am not still proclaiming circumcision because the Jews are persecuting me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# Brothers -* **Brothers, if I still proclaim circumcision, why am I still persecuted** - "But as for me, brothers, if I still taught that men must be circumcised to be saved, they would no longer be persecuting me." Paul is strongly claiming that he ("as for me"), unlike those he mentions in the previous verses, is not telling the Galatians to become circumcised. -* **Brothers** - "Brothers and sisters." If your language has a word that includes males and females, use it here. -* **Then the stumbling block of the cross would be destroyed** - This can be stated in active form: "Then circumcision would destroy the stumbling block of the cross." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the stumbling block of the cross** - This metaphor states that the message about the cross prevents some people from believing just as a stumbling block can prevent a person from successfully walking down a path. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you** - plural -* **castrate themselves** - This can mean 1) physically cutting their male organs so as to become eunuchs or 2) spiritually cutting themselves off from God's people. +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). + +# In that case the stumbling block of the cross has been removed + +Paul is describing a situation that does not exist to emphasize that people persecute him because he is preaching that God forgives people because of Jesus' work on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# In that case + +"If I were still saying that people need to become Jews" + +# the stumbling block of the cross has been removed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the teaching about the cross has no stumbling block" or "there is nothing in the teaching of the cross that would cause people to stumble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the stumbling block of the cross has been removed + +Stumbling represents sinning, and a stumbling block represents something that causes people to sin. In this case the sin is to reject the truth of the teaching that in order to be made right with God, people only need to believe that Jesus died on the cross for us. AT: "the teaching about the cross that causes people to reject the truth has been removed" or "there is nothing in the teaching about Jesus dying on the cross that would lead people to reject the teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# castrate themselves + +Possible meanings are 1) literal, to cut off their male organs so as to become eunuchs or 2) metaphorical, completely withdraw from the Christian community. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/13.md b/gal/05/13.md index 1dcd2fa20e..98cbeb8ddf 100644 --- a/gal/05/13.md +++ b/gal/05/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Paul is giving the reason for his words in [Galatians 5:12](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# you were called to freedom -* **For** - Paul is giving the reason for his words in [[:en:bible:notes:gal:05:11]]. -* **God called you … to freedom** - This can mean 1) "God chose you to be his people so that you(plural) can be free" or 2) "God commanded you to be free" -* **brothers ** - "brothers and sisters" -* **Only** - or "But." Paul is saying that freedom does not include "an opportunity for the flesh." -* **an opportunity for the flesh** - "a chance to do what pleases your(plural) sinful natures," specifically things that harm one's self or neighbors -* **the whole law stands fulfilled in one commandment, in this** - This can mean 1) "you can put the whole law into just one commandment, which is this" or 2) "by obeying one commandment, you obey all the commandments, and that one commandment is this." +This can be expressed in an active form. AT: "God has called you to freedom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you were called to freedom + +Possible meanings are 1) "God has chosen you to be his people so that you can be free" or 2) "God has commanded you to be free" + +# brothers + +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). + +# an opportunity for the sinful nature + +The relationship between the opportunity and the sinful nature can be stated more clearly. AT: "an opportunity for you to behave according to your sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the whole law is fulfilled in one command + +Possible meanings are 1) "you can state the whole law in just one commandment, which is this" or 2) "by obeying one commandment, you obey all the commandments, and that one commandment is this." + +# You must love your neighbor as yourself + +The words "you," "your," and "yourself" are all singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/16.md b/gal/05/16.md index 29c6b0ea4c..b699214aa7 100644 --- a/gal/05/16.md +++ b/gal/05/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] +Paul explains how the Spirit gives control over sin. -## translationNotes +# walk by the Spirit -* **you** - plural -* **walk by the Spirit ** - Walking is a metaphor for living. This can be translated "conduct your life in the power of the Holy Spirit" or "live your life in dependence on the Spirit." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you will not fulfill the lust of the flesh ** - "you will not fulfill the desire of your human nature to commit sin" -* **not under the law** - "not obligated to obey the law of Moses" +Walking is a metaphor for living. AT: "conduct your life in the power of the Holy Spirit" or "live your life in dependence on the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will not carry out the desires of the sinful nature + +The phrase "carry out someone's desires" is an idiom meaning "do what someone desires." AT: "You will not do what your sinful nature desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the desires of the sinful nature + +The sinful nature is spoken of as if it were a person and wanted to sin. AT: "what you want to do because of your sinful nature" or "the things you want to do because you are sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# not under the law + +"not obligated to obey the law of Moses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/19.md b/gal/05/19.md index 1070180d2c..a8085dc90b 100644 --- a/gal/05/19.md +++ b/gal/05/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the works of the sinful nature -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The abstract noun "works" can be translated with the verb "does." AT: "what the sinful nature does" -## translationNotes +# the works of the sinful nature -* **works of the flesh** - "things done as a result of evil human nature" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God** - "God will not reward people who act this way" or "God will not reward people who do these things consistently" +The sinful nature is spoken of as if it were a person who does things. AT: "what people do because of their sinful nature" or "the things people do because they are sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# inherit + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/22.md b/gal/05/22.md index 61b4fb12bf..ee3f45bb86 100644 --- a/gal/05/22.md +++ b/gal/05/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the fruit of the Spirit is love ... self-control -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:selfcontrol]] +Paul uses fruit as a metaphor for what people can see in other people. AT: "people whom the Spirit controls will display love ... self-control like a tree produces fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# fruit of the Spirit -* **fruit of the Spirit ** - "what the Spirit produces" -* **The law is not against such things** - This can mean 1) "the Law of Moses does not forbid things like this" or 2) "there is no law against thinking and acting like this" (see UDB). -* **have crucified the flesh with its passions and evil desires** - "have killed our earthly nature with its lusts and evil desires as if we nailed it to a cross" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"what the Spirit produces" + +# have crucified the sinful nature with its passions and desires + +Paul speaks of Christians who refuse to live according to their sinful nature as if it were a person and they have killed it on a cross. AT: "refuse to live according the sinful nature with its passions and desires, as if they killed it on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sinful nature with its passions and desires + +The sinful nature is spoken of as if it were a person that had passions and desires. AT: "their sinful nature, and the things they strongly want to do because of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/25.md b/gal/05/25.md index 30d8cac612..561948e044 100644 --- a/gal/05/25.md +++ b/gal/05/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# If we live by the Spirit -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +"Since God's Spirit has caused us to be alive" -## translationNotes +# walk by the Spirit -* **If we live by the Spirit** - "If we are alive by the Spirit" or "Since God's Spirit caused us to be alive" -* **walk** - This word refers to an army marching side by side and is a metaphor for practicing in community what Jesus taught (UDB; see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **let us ** - "we should" +"Walk" is a metaphor for living every day. AT: "allow the Holy Spirit to guide us so we do things that please and honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us + +"We should" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/intro.md b/gal/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1b16aa22d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Galatians 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Paul continues talking about the law of Moses as something which traps or enslaves a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fruit of the Spirit ##### +Many scholars have observed that the phrase "the fruit of the Spirit" is singular and not plural, even though it begins a list of several things. The singular form should remain in translation in a singular form if possible. Do not translate: "the fruits of the spirit are" in attempt to force agreement. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Illustrations ##### +Paul uses several metaphors to illustrate his points. Running a race and yeast are two metaphors he uses in this chapter to help explain complicated issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. Flesh is used in this chapter to contrast with that which is spiritual. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +##### "You are separated from Christ, all you who are "justified" by the law. You have fallen away from grace." ##### +Some scholars believe Paul teaches that this type of action causes a person to lose their salvation. It is more probable that Paul is saying these people have walked away from grace as a rule, and have exchanged it for the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +The authors of the ULB have also chosen to place "justified" in quotation marks to indicate that this is a hypothetical situation and that no one is able to be justified by the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/01.md b/gal/06/01.md index 980ee57e7a..dd1854f65d 100644 --- a/gal/06/01.md +++ b/gal/06/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Paul teaches believers how they should treat other believers and how God rewards. -## translationNotes +# Brothers -* **if a man ** - "if someone" or "if anyone among you(plural)" -* **is caught in some transgression ** - This can mean that 1) someone found that person in the act, "is discovered in an act of sin," or 2) that person committed the sin without intending to do evil, "gave in and sinned." -* **you who are spiritual ** - "those of you(plural) who are guided by the Spirit" or "you(plural) who are living in the guidance of the Spirit" -* **restore that person** - "correct the person who sinned" or "exhort the person who sinned to return to the correct path" or to a correct relationship with God -* **in a spirit of gentleness** - This can mean that the Spirit is directing the one offering correction (see UDB) or 2) "with an attitude of gentleness" or "in a kind way." -* **Look out for yourself … you may not be tempted** - These words treat the Galatians as though they are all one person to emphasize that he is talking to each of them. AT: "yourselves … you(plural)" (see UDB) or "I say to each one of you, 'Look out for yourself ….'" -* **so you may not be tempted ** - "for fear that you should be tempted to sin too" or "in order that you should not be tempted to sin." If you need to use active voice, it would be best not to mention "Satan" or "the devil," since they are not mentioned anywhere in this letter. AT: "so that the tempter does not tempt you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). + +# if someone + +"if anyone among you" + +# if someone is caught in any trespass + +Possible meanings are 1) someone else found that person in the act. AT: "if someone is discovered in an act of sin" or 2) that person committed the sin without intending to do evil. AT: "if someone gave in and sinned" + +# you who are spiritual + +"those of you who are guided by the Spirit" or "you who are living in the guidance of the Spirit" + +# restore him + +"correct the person who sinned" or "exhort the person who sinned to return to a correct relationship with God" + +# in a spirit of gentleness + +Possible meanings are 1) that the Spirit is directing the one who is offering correction or 2) "with an attitude of gentleness" or "in a kind way." + +# Be concerned about yourself + +These words treat the Galatians as though they are all one person to emphasize that he is talking to each of them. AT: "Be concerned about yourselves" or "I say to each one of you, 'Be concerned about yourself'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# so you also may not be tempted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that nothing will tempt you also to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/03.md b/gal/06/03.md index 72be7df3ef..796029a062 100644 --- a/gal/06/03.md +++ b/gal/06/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"Because." This indicates that the words that follow are why the Galatians should 1) "carry one other's burdens" ([Galatians 6:2](./01.md)) or 2) be careful that they themselves are not tempted ([Galatians 6:1](./01.md)) or 3) "not become conceited" ([Galatians 5:26](../05/01.md)). -## translationNotes +# he is something -* **For** - "Because." This indicates that the words that follow are why the Galatians should 1) "carry one other's burdens" ([[:en:bible:notes:gal:06:01]]) or 2) be careful that they themselves are not tempted ([[:en:bible:notes:gal:06:01]]) or 3) "not become conceited" ([[:en:bible:notes:gal:05:01]]). -* **he is something** - "he is someone important" or "he is better than others" -* **he is nothing** - "he is not important" or "he is not better than others" -* **Each one should** - "each person must" -* **each one will carry his own load** - "each person will be judged by his own work only" or "each person will be responsible for his own work only" -* **each one will** - "each person will" +"he is someone important" or "he is better than others" + +# he is nothing + +"he is not important" or "he is not better than others" + +# Each one should + +"Each person must" + +# each one will carry his own load + +"each person will be judged by his own work only" or "each person will be responsible for his own work only" + +# each one will + +"each person will" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/06.md b/gal/06/06.md index c625f9c5c9..a4f7cdb984 100644 --- a/gal/06/06.md +++ b/gal/06/06.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The one -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"The person" -## translationNotes +# word -* **The one** - "The person" -* **plants** - This metaphor refers to the things a person does. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **harvest** - This metaphor refers to what will happen to someone as a result of what he or she did. -* **man ... his** - "person ... that person." Paul is not specifying males here. -* **plants to his own flesh** - "does the things his sinful nature wants to do" -* **harvest corruption out of his flesh** - "receive punishment for what his sinful flesh did" -* **plants to the Spirit** - "does the things God's Spirit loves" -* **out of the Spirit harvest eternal life** - "receive eternal life as a reward from God's Spirit" +Here this means everything God has said or commanded, as in "the word of God" or "the word of truth." + +# for whatever a man plants, that he will also gather in + +Planting represents doing things that end in some kind of result, and gathering in represents experiencing the results of what one has done. AT: "for just as a farmer gathers in the fruit of whatever kind of seeds he plants, so everyone experiences the results of whatever he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whatever a man plants + +Paul is not specifying males here. AT: "whatever a person plants" or "whatever someone plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# plants seed to his own sinful nature + +Planting seeds is a metaphor for doing deeds that will have consequences later. In this case, the person is doing sinful actions because of his sinful nature. AT: "plants seed according to what he wants because of his sinful nature" or "does the things he wants to do because of his sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will gather in destruction + +God punishing the person is spoken of as if the person were harvesting a crop. AT: "will receive punishment for what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plants seed to the Spirit + +Planting seeds is a metaphor for doing deeds that will have consequences later. In this case, the person is doing good actions because he is listening to God's Spirit. AT: "does the things God's Spirit loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will gather in eternal life from the Spirit + +"will receive eternal life as a reward from God's Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/09.md b/gal/06/09.md index 5c3fb27e88..bdd851545d 100644 --- a/gal/06/09.md +++ b/gal/06/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Let us not become weary in doing good -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] +"We should continue to do good" -## translationNotes +# doing good -* **We should not become weary of ** - AT: "We should continue" -* **doing good ** - doing good to others for their well being -* **for at the right time ** - "for in due time" or "because, at the time God has chosen" -* **So then ** - "As a result of this" or "Because of this"​ -* **as we have opportunity ** - This can mean 1) every time there is an opportunity (see UDB) or 2) "at every opportunity." -* **especially to those ** - "most of all to those" or "in particular to those" -* **of the household of faith** - "who are members of God's family through faith in Christ" +doing good to others for their well-being + +# for at the right time + +"for in due time" or "because at the time God has chosen" + +# So then + +"As a result of this" or "Because of this" + +# especially ... to those + +"most of all ... to those" or "in particular ... to those" + +# those who belong to the household of faith + +"those who are members of God's family through faith in Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/11.md b/gal/06/11.md index 701ad174e9..89e3120e67 100644 --- a/gal/06/11.md +++ b/gal/06/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] +As Paul closes this letter, he gives one more reminder that the law does not save and that they should remember the cross of Christ. -## translationNotes +# large letters -* **large letters** - This can mean that Paul wants to emphasize 1) the statements that follow or 2) that this letter came from him. -* **in my own handwriting** - This can mean 1) Paul probably had a helper who wrote most of this letter as Paul told him what to write, but Paul himself wrote this last part of the letter or 2) Paul wrote the whole letter himself. -* **make a good impression** - "cause others to think well of them" or "cause others to think that they are good people" -* **in the flesh** - "with visible evidence" or "by their own efforts" -* **compel** - "force" or "strongly influence" -* **so that they may not be persecuted for the cross of Christ** - "so that the Jews will not persecute them for claiming that the cross alone is what saves" -* **the cross** - "the work Jesus did on the cross" or "the death and resurrection of Jesus." The physical cross is not meant here. -* **they want** - "those people who are urging you to be circumcised want" -* **that they may boast** - "so those who are urging you to be circumcised will have reason to boast" +This can mean that Paul wants to emphasize 1) the statements that follow or 2) that this letter came from him. + +# with my own hand + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul probably had a helper who wrote most of this letter as Paul told him what to write, but Paul himself wrote this last part of the letter or 2) Paul wrote the whole letter himself. + +# make a good impression + +"cause others to think well of them" or "cause others to think that they are good people" + +# in the flesh + +"with visible evidence" or "by their own efforts" + +# compel + +"force" or "strongly influence" + +# only to avoid being persecuted for the cross of Christ + +"so that the Jews will not persecute them for claiming that the cross of Christ alone is what saves people" + +# the cross + +The cross here represents what Christ did for us when he died on the cross. AT: "the work Jesus did on the cross" or "the death and resurrection of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they want + +"those people who are urging you to be circumcised want" + +# so that they may boast about your flesh + +"so that they may be proud that they have added you to the people who try to keep the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/14.md b/gal/06/14.md index 9369b3733d..ccf0ef393f 100644 --- a/gal/06/14.md +++ b/gal/06/14.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But may I never boast except in the cross -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"I do not ever want to boast in anything other than the cross" or "May I boast only in the cross" -## translationNotes +# the world has been crucified to me -* **May it never be that I be proud except of the cross** - "May I only ever be proud of the cross" -* **May it never be** - "I would never want that to happen!" or "May God help me not to do that!" This expression shows Paul's extremely strong desire that this not take place. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. -* **through whom ** - This can refer to 1) Christ or 2) the cross, "through which." -* **the world has been crucified to me** - "I think of the world as already dead" or "I treat the world like a criminal God has killed on a cross" -* **I to the world** - "the world thinks of me as already dead" or "the world treats me like a criminal God has killed on the cross" -* **the world** - This can mean 1) the people of the world, those who care nothing for God or 2) the things those who care nothing for God think are important. -* **is anything** - "is important" to God -* **a new creation** - This can mean 1) a new believer in Jesus Christ or 2) new life in a believer. -* **as many as** - "all who" -* **may peace and mercy be upon them, and upon the Israel of God** - This can mean 1) that believers in general are the Israel of God (see UDB) or 2) "may peace and mercy be upon Gentile believers and peace and mercy be upon the Israel of God" or 3) "may peace be upon those who follow the rule, and may mercy be upon even the Israel of God." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I think of the world as already dead" or "I treat the world like a criminal God has killed on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I to the world + +The words "have been crucified" are understood from the phrase before this. AT: "and I have been crucified to the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I to the world + +Possible meanings are 1) "the world thinks of me as already dead" or 2) "the world treats me like a criminal that God has killed on the cross" + +# the world + +Possible meanings are 1) the people of the world, those who care nothing for God or 2) the things that those who care nothing for God think are important. + +# counts for anything + +"is important to God" + +# a new creation + +Possible meanings are 1) a new believer in Jesus Christ or 2) the new life of a believer. + +# peace and mercy be upon them, even upon the Israel of God + +Possible meanings are 1) that believers in general are the Israel of God or 2) "may peace and mercy be upon Gentile believers and upon the Israel of God" or 3) "may peace be upon those who follow the rule, and may mercy be upon even the Israel of God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/17.md b/gal/06/17.md index 19ea1288ab..118f47e1be 100644 --- a/gal/06/17.md +++ b/gal/06/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# From now on -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This can also mean "Lastly" or "As I end this letter." -## translationNotes +# let no one trouble me -* **From now on ** - This can also mean "Lastly" or "As I end this letter." -* **let no one trouble me** - This can mean 1) Paul is commanding the Galatians not to trouble him, "I am commanding you this: do not trouble me," or 2) Paul is telling the Galatians that he is commanding all people not to trouble him, "I am commanding everyone this: do not trouble me," or 3) Paul is expressing a desire, "I do not want anyone to trouble me." -* **trouble me** - This can mean 1) "speak of these matters to me" (UDB) or 2) "cause me hardship" or "give me hard work." -* **for I carry the marks of Jesus on my body ** - "I have the healed wounds in my body because of my service to Jesus" or "I still have the mark of the healed wound in my body because I belong to Jesus" -* **marks** - These could be 1) scars from wounds suffered by a soldier in battle or by a servant in dangerous work or 2) brands that mark a slave. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit ** - "I pray this that the Lord Jesus will be kind to your spirit" -* **brothers** - "brothers and sisters" or "fellow members of God's family" +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is commanding the Galatians not to trouble him, "I am commanding you this: do not trouble me," or 2) Paul is telling the Galatians that he is commanding all people not to trouble him, "I am commanding everyone this: do not trouble me," or 3) Paul is expressing a desire, "I do not want anyone to trouble me." + +# trouble me + +Possible meanings are 1) "speak of these matters to me" or 2) "cause me hardship" or "give me hard work." + +# for I carry on my body the marks of Jesus + +These marks were scars from people who beat and whipped Paul because they did not like him teaching about Jesus. AT: "for the scars on my body show that I serve Jesus" + +# May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit + +"I pray that the Lord Jesus will be kind to your spirit" + +# brothers + +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/intro.md b/gal/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d9a0be4428 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Galatians 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Overall, this chapter serves as a conclusion to Paul's letter. It contains some concluding thoughts, which may not be as connected to the rest of the material contained in the letter. There are also some other issues that Paul wished to address in the church in Galatia. + +##### Brothers ##### +This chapter is addressed to Christians and this should be seen as a reference to Paul's Christian brothers and not his Jewish brothers. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### New Creation ##### + +This is a concept related to being born again. Those who are born again are said to be a new creation in Christ. To Paul, this is more significant than a person's ancestry. It also is related to the idea that the Christian has been given new life in Christ, and has a new nature in them after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bornagain]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is still a subject used in distinction to the "spirit." The person of the flesh is controlled by their sinful desires while the spiritual is controlled by the Spirit. Flesh is also used to refer to the physical body in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/front/intro.md b/gal/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..50eaaf7a43 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# Introduction to Galatians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Galatians #### + +1. Paul declares his authority as an apostle of Jesus Christ; he says that he is surprised by the false teachings that the Christians in Galatia have accepted from other people (1:1-10). +1. Paul says that people are saved by trusting in Christ alone, not by keeping the law (1:11-2:21). +1. God puts people right with himself only when they trust in Christ; the example of Abraham; the curse which the law brings (and not a means of salvation); slavery and freedom compared and illustrated by Hagar and Sarah (3:1-4:31). +1. When people are joined to Christ, they become free from having to keep the law of Moses. They are also free to live as the Holy Spirit guides them. They are free to refuse the demands of sin. They are free to bear each other's burdens (5:1-6:10). +1. Paul warns the Christians not to trust in being circumcised and in keeping the law of Moses. Instead, they must trust in Christ (6:11-18). + +#### What is the Book of Galatians about? #### + +Paul wrote this letter to both Jewish and non-Jewish Christians in the region of Galatia. He wanted to write against the false teaching that said that Christians need to follow the law of Moses. Paul defended the gospel by explaining that salvation is through faith in Jesus Christ. It is a result of the kindness of God and not a result of people doing good works. Any attempt to please God by obeying the law of Moses will bring condemnation by God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Galatians," or "Paul's Letter to the Church in Galatia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What does it mean to "live like Jews" (2:14)? #### + +To "live like Jews" means to follow the law of Moses, even though one trusts in Christ. The people among the early Christians who taught that this was necessary were called "Judaizers." + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How does Paul use the terms "law" and "grace" in the Book of Galatians? #### + +These terms are used in a relatively unique way in Galatians. There is an important teaching in Galatians about Christian living. Under the law of Moses, righteous or holy living required a person to follow a set of rules and regulations. As Christians, holy living is now motivated by grace. This means that Christians have freedom in Christ and are not required to follow a specific set of rules. Instead, Christians are to live a holy life out of thankfulness for the grace God has shown. This is called "the law of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +This kind of expression occurs in 1:22; 2:4, 17; 3:14, 26, 28; 5:6, 10. Paul means in general to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. At the same time, he often intends to signal other kinds of relationships. See, for example, "when we seek for God to justify us in Christ" (2:17), where Paul speaks of justification by means of Christ. + +Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Galatians? #### + +The following passage is the most significant textual issue in the Book of Galatians: + +* "Foolish Galatians, whose evil eye has harmed you? Was not Jesus Christ depicted as crucified before your eyes?" (3:1) The ULB, UDB, and the other modern versions have this reading. However, the King James version adds, "[so] that ye should not obey the truth." Translators are advised not to include this expression, because it was probably not original to the Book of Galatians. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/01.md b/gen/01/01.md index 9851188ae9..2e0d366113 100644 --- a/gen/01/01.md +++ b/gen/01/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] +"This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning." This statement summarizes the rest of the chapter. Some languages translate it as "A very long time ago God created the heavens and the earth." Translate it in a way that shows this actually happened and is not just a folk story. -## translationNotes +# In the beginning -* **In the beginning God created…** - This introductory statement gives a summary of the rest of the chapter. It can be translated as "This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning." Some languages translate it as "A very long time ago God created…." Translate it in a way that that shows that this actually happened and is not just a folk story. -* **In the beginning** - This refers to the start of the world and everything in it. -* **the heavens and the earth** - This can also be translated as "the sky, the ground, and everything in them." -* **heavens** - This refers here to the sky. -* **without form and empty** - The world was in chaos. God had not yet formed everything and put it in order. -* **the deep** - This can be translated as "the water" or "the deep water" (UDB) or "the vast water." -* **waters** - This can be translated as "water" or "deep water" or "vast water." +This refers to the start of the world and everything in it. + +# the heavens and the earth + +"the sky, the ground, and everything in them" + +# heavens + +This refers here to the sky. + +# without form and empty + +God had not yet put the world in order. + +# the deep + +"the water" or "the deep water" or "the vast water" + +# the waters + +"the water" or "the surface of the water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/03.md b/gen/01/03.md index 76db17563b..a429da1c4e 100644 --- a/gen/01/03.md +++ b/gen/01/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Let there be light -* [[en:tw:good]] +This is a command. By commanding that light should exist, God made it exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## translationNotes +# God saw the light, that it was good -* **Let there be light** - This is a command. God commanded that the light should exist. -* **God saw the light, that it was good** - This can be translated as "God considered the light and was pleased with it." "Good" here means "pleasing" or "suitable." -* **divided the light from the darkness** - This refers to God creating the daytime and the night time. It can be translated as "separated the light and the darkness" or "made it light in one place and dark in the another." -* **This was evening and morning, the first day** - God did these things on the first day of the universe. -* **evening and morning** - This refers to the whole day. Two parts of the day are used to refer to the whole day. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"God considered the light and was pleased with it." "Good" here means "pleasing" or "suitable." + +# divided the light from the darkness + +"separated the light and the darkness" or "made it light at one time and dark at another." This refers to God creating the daytime and the night time. + +# This was evening and morning, the first day + +God did these things on the first day that the universe existed. + +# evening and morning + +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/06.md b/gen/01/06.md index 22565282f9..3060e339b2 100644 --- a/gen/01/06.md +++ b/gen/01/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Let there be an expanse ... let it divide -* [[en:tw:God]] +These are commands. By commanding that the expanse should exist and that it divide the waters, God made it exist and divide the waters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## translationNotes +# expanse -* **expanse** - "large empty space." The Jewish people thought of this space as being shaped like the inside of dome or the inside of a bowl that is turned upside down. -* **between the waters** - This can be translated as "in the water." -* **God made the expanse and divided the waters** - This can be translated as "In this way God made the expanse and divided the waters." When God spoke, it happened. This sentence explains what God did when he spoke. -* **It was so** - What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. It can be translated as "It happened like that" or "That is what happened." -* **This was evening and morning** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:03]]. -* **the second day** - See how you translated "the first day" in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:03]] and decide if this should be translated in the same way. +"large empty space." The Jewish people thought of this space as being shaped like the inside of dome or the inside of a bowl that is turned upside down. + +# between the waters + +"in the water" + +# God made the expanse and divided the waters + +"In this way God made the expanse and divided the waters." When God spoke, it happened. This sentence explains what God did when he spoke. + +# It was so + +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. + +# evening and morning + +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the second day + +This refers to the second day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/09.md b/gen/01/09.md index d9c30b1879..2562830bfd 100644 --- a/gen/01/09.md +++ b/gen/01/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the waters ... be gathered -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] +This can be translated with an active verb. This is a command. By commanding that the waters gather together, God made them gather together. AT: "Let the waters ... gather" or "Let the waters ... come together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## translationNotes +# let the dry land appear -* **Let the waters…be gathered** - This can be translated with an active verb: "Let the waters…gather" or "Let the water…come together" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **let the dry land appear** - This can be translated as "let dry land become visible" or "let the dry land become clear" or "let the land be uncovered." The water had covered the land. Now the water would move aside and some of the land would be uncovered. -* **dry land** - This refers to land that is not covered with water. It does not refer to land that is too dry for farming. -* **It was so** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:06]]. -* **earth** - "land" or "ground" -* **He saw that it was good** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:03]]. Here "it" refers to the land and the sea. +The water had covered the land. Now the water would move aside and some of the land would be uncovered. This is a command. By commanding that dry land should appear, God made it appear. AT: "let dry land become visible" or "let the dry land become clear" or "let the land be uncovered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# dry land + +This refers to land that is not covered with water. It does not refer to land that is too dry for farming. + +# It was so + +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated it in [Genesis 1:7](./06.md). + +# earth + +"land" or "ground" + +# He saw that it was good + +Here "it" refers to the land and the sea. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/11.md b/gen/01/11.md index c9a8ce02b6..eb4ccd2208 100644 --- a/gen/01/11.md +++ b/gen/01/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the earth sprout vegetation -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] +This is a command. By commanding that vegetation should sprout on the earth, God made it sprout. AT: "Let vegetation sprout up on the earth" or "Let vegetation grow on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## translationNotes +# vegetation: plants yielding seed and fruit trees bearing fruit -* **Let the earth sprout vegetation** - This can be translated as "Let vegetation sprout up on the earth" or "Let vegetation grow on the earth." -* **vegetation, plants yielding seed and fruit trees bearing fruit** - "vegetation" is used here as a general term that includes all plants and trees. This can be translated as "vegetation, each plant that bears seed and each tree that bears fruit" or "vegetation. Let them be plants that produce seeds and fruit trees that produce fruit." -* **plants** - These are kinds of vegetation that have soft stems, rather than woody stems. -* **fruit trees bearing fruit whose seed is in the fruit** - This can also be translated as "trees that bear fruit with seeds in them." -* **each according to its own kind** - The seeds would produce plants and trees that would be like the ones they came from. In this way, the plants and trees would "reproduce themselves" (UDB). -* **It was so** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:06]]. -* **God saw that it was good** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:09]]. -* **This was evening and morning** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:03]]. -* **the third day** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:06]]. +"vegetation, each plant that bears seed and each tree that bears fruit" or "vegetation. Let them be plants that produce seeds and fruit trees that produce fruit." Here "vegetation" is used here as a general term that includes all plants and trees. + +# plants + +These are kinds of vegetation that have soft stems, rather than woody stems. + +# fruit trees bearing fruit whose seed is in the fruit + +"trees that bear fruit with seeds in them" + +# each according to its own kind + +The seeds would produce plants and trees that would be like the ones they came from. In this way, the plants and trees would "reproduce themselves" . + +# It was so + +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](./06.md). + +# God saw that it was good + +Here "it" refers to the vegetation, plants, and trees. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:10](./09.md). + +# evening and morning + +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the third day + +This refers to the third day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/14.md b/gen/01/14.md index 9bcf086e8c..73e3833813 100644 --- a/gen/01/14.md +++ b/gen/01/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Let there be lights in the sky -* [[en:tw:sign]] +This is a command. By commanding that lights should exist, God made them exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## translationNotes +# lights in the sky -* **lights in the sky** - This refers to the sun, moon, and stars. It can be translated as "things that shine in the sky" or "things that give light in the sky." -* **in the sky** - "in the expanse of the sky" or "in the large space of the sky" -* **to divide the day from the night** - "to separate the day from the night." This means "to help us tell the difference between day from night." The sun means it is daytime, and the moon and stars mean it is nighttime. -* **let them be as signs** - "Let them serve as signs" or "let them show" -* **seasons** - "Seasons" refers to times that are set aside for festivals and other things that people do. -* **for seasons, for days and years** - The sun, moon, and stars show the passing of time. This enables us to know when it is time for events that happen each week, month, or year. -* **to give light upon the earth** - "to shine light on the earth" or "to brighten the earth." The earth does not self-shine but it is lit and so reflects light. -* **It was so** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:06]]. +"things that shine in the sky" or "things that give light in the sky." This refers to the sun, moon, and stars. + +# in the sky + +"in the expanse of the sky" or "in the large space of the sky" + +# to divide the day from the night + +"to separate the day from the night." This means "to help us tell the difference between day and night." The sun means it is daytime, and the moon and stars mean it is nighttime. + +# let them be as signs + +This is a command. By commanding that they should serve as signs, God made them serve as signs. AT: "Let them serve as signs" or "let them show" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# signs + +Here this means something that reveals or points to something. + +# seasons + +"Seasons" refers to times that are set aside for festivals and other things that people do. + +# for seasons, for days and years + +The sun, moon, and stars show the passing of time. This enables us to know when it is time for events that happen each week, month, or year. + +# Let them be lights in the sky to give light upon the earth + +This is a command. By commanding that they should light the earth, God made them light the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# to give light upon the earth + +"to shine light on the earth" or "to brighten the earth." The earth does not self-shine but it is lit and so reflects light. + +# It was so + +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/16.md b/gen/01/16.md index 3bfe17465f..519b0d79dd 100644 --- a/gen/01/16.md +++ b/gen/01/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# God made the two great lights -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] +"In this way God made the two great lights." This sentence explains what God did when he spoke. -## translationNotes +# the two great lights -* **God made the two great lights** - This can be translated as "In this way God made the two great lights." This sentence explains what God did when he spoke. -* **the two great lights** - "the two large lights" or "the two bright lights." The two great lights are the sun and the moon. -* **to rule the day** - This can be translated as "to direct the daytime as a ruler directs a group of people" or "to mark the times of the day" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **day** - This refers to the daylight hours, not the 24 hour period. -* **the lesser light** - "the smaller light" or "the dimmer light" -* **in the sky** - This could be translated as "in the heavens" or "in the open space of the sky." -* **to divide the light from the darkness** - "to separate the light from the darkness" or "to make it light at one time and dark at another." See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:03]]. -* **God saw that it was good** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:09]]. -* **This was evening and morning** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:03]]. -* **the fourth day** - See how you translated "the ... day" in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:06]]. +"the two large lights" or "the two bright lights." The two great lights are the sun and the moon. + +# to rule the day + +The lights that controlled the day are spoken of as if they were a human ruler that controlled what people do. AT: "to direct the daytime as a ruler directs a group of people" or "to mark the times of the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# day + +This refers only to the daylight hours. + +# the lesser light + +"the smaller light" or "the dimmer light" + +# in the sky + +"in the heavens" or "in the open space of the sky" + +# to divide the light from the darkness + +"to separate the light from the darkness" or "to make it light at one time and dark at another." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](./03.md). + +# God saw that it was good + +Here "it" refers to the sun, moon, and stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](./03.md). + +# evening and morning + +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the fourth day + +This refers to the fourth day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/20.md b/gen/01/20.md index 96c5f128aa..62df92c014 100644 --- a/gen/01/20.md +++ b/gen/01/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the waters be filled with great numbers of living creatures -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] +This is a command. By commanding that living creatures should fill the waters, God made them exist. Some languages may have one word that refers to all kinds of fish and sea animals. AT: "Let the waters be full of many living things" or "Let many animals that swim live in the oceans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## translationNotes +# let birds fly -* **Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures** - Other ways to translate this are "Let the waters be full of many living things" or "Let many animals that swim live in the oceans." Some languages may have one word that refers to all kinds of fish and sea animals. -* **birds** - This can be translated as "animals that fly" or "flying things." Some languages have a word that refers to birds and other animals and insects that fly. -* **the expanse of the sky** - This can be translated as "the open space of the sky" or "the sky." -* **God created** - This can be translated as "In this way God created." -* **great sea creatures** - "large animals that live in the sea" -* **after its kind** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:11]]. -* **creatures that move and with which the waters swarm** - This can also be translated as "animals that move and that the waters are full of." -* **every winged bird** - This can also be translated as "every flying thing that has wings." Or if the word for birds is used, it may be more natural in some languages to say simply say "every bird" since all birds have wings. -* **God saw that it was good** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:09]]. +This is a command. By commanding that birds should fly, God made them fly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# birds + +"animals that fly" or "flying things" + +# the expanse of the sky + +"the open space of the sky" or "the sky" + +# God created + +"In this way God created" + +# great sea creatures + +"large animals that live in the sea" + +# after its kind + +Living things of the same "kind" are like the ones they came from. See how you translated "kind" in [Genesis 1:11,12](./11.md). + +# every winged bird + +"every flying thing that has wings." If the word for birds is used, it may be more natural in some languages to simply say "every bird," since all birds have wings. + +# God saw that it was good + +Here "it" refers to the birds and the fish. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/22.md b/gen/01/22.md index b843cae34a..8e649b3eae 100644 --- a/gen/01/22.md +++ b/gen/01/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# blessed them -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"blessed the animals that he had made" -## translationNotes +# Be fruitful and multiply -* **them** - The animals that God made in verses [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:20]]. -* **be fruitful and multiply** - This is God's blessing. He told the sea animals to produce more sea animals like themselves, so that there would be many of them in the seas. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **multiply** - "increase greatly in number" or "become many" -* **birds** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:20]]. -* **This was evening and morning** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:03]]. -* **the fifth day** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:06]]. +This is God's blessing. He told the sea animals to produce more sea animals like themselves, so that there would be many of them in the seas. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# multiply + +"increase greatly in number" or "become many" + +# Let birds multiply + +This is a command. By commanding that birds should multiply, God made birds multiply. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# birds + +"animals that fly" or "flying things." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:20](./20.md). + +# evening and morning + +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the fifth day + +This refers to the fifth day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/24.md b/gen/01/24.md index 700e24df5d..b692535342 100644 --- a/gen/01/24.md +++ b/gen/01/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the earth produce living creatures -* [[en:tw:kind]] +"Let the earth produce living things" or "Let many living animals live on the earth." This is a command. By commanding that the earth should produce living creatures, God made the earth produce living creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## translationNotes +# each according to its own kind -* **Let the earth produce living creatures** - "Let the earth produce living things" or "Let many living animals live on the earth." See if you can translate "bring forth" here as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:11]]. -* **each according to its own kind** - AT: “so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind.” -* **livestock, creeping things, and beasts of the earth** - This shows that God created all kinds of animals. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. -* **livestock** - This can be translated as "animals that people look after." -* **creeping things** - This can be translated as "small animals." -* **beasts of the earth** - This can be translated as "wild animals" or "dangerous animals." -* **It was so** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:06]]. -* **God made the beasts…** - This can be translated as "In this way God made the beasts…." -* **He saw that it was good** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:09]]. +"so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind" + +# livestock, creeping things, and beasts of the earth + +This shows that God created all kinds of animals. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. + +# livestock + +"animals that people look after" + +# creeping things + +"small animals" + +# beasts of the earth + +"wild animals" or "dangerous animals" + +# It was so + +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](./06.md). + +# God made the beasts + +"In this way God made the beasts" + +# He saw that it was good + +Here "it" refers to the living creatures on the earth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/26.md b/gen/01/26.md index 4af15b2ec0..82095d31c6 100644 --- a/gen/01/26.md +++ b/gen/01/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Let us make -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:imageofgod]] +The word "us" here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun "us" is plural. Possible reasons for the plural use are 1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court or 2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as "Let me make" or "I will make." If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# man -* **Let us make** - The word "us" here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun "us" is plural. Possible reasons for this plural pronoun are: 1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court; 2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as "Let me make" or "I will make." If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) -* **man** - "human beings" or "people." This word does not mean males only. -* **in our image, after our likeness** - These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. AT: "to truly be like us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **have dominion over** - "rule over" or "have authority over" -* **God created man...he created him** - These two sentences mean the same thing and emphasize that God created people in his own image. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **God created man** - The way that God created man was different than the rest of creation. This will be described in the next chapter. Do not specify that he created man by simply speaking as in the preceding verses. +"human beings" or "people." This word here does not mean males only. + +# in our image, after our likeness + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. AT: "to truly be like us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# have dominion over + +"rule over" or "have authority over" + +# God created man ... he created him + +These two sentences mean the same thing and emphasize that God created people in his own image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# God created man + +The way that God created man was different from the way he created everything else. Do not specify that he created man by simply speaking, as in the preceding verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/28.md b/gen/01/28.md index 64d6a620ea..f6890d5e40 100644 --- a/gen/01/28.md +++ b/gen/01/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# God blessed them -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +The word "them" refers to the man and woman God had created. -## translationNotes +# Be fruitful, and multiply -* **God blessed them** - The word "them" refers to the man and woman God had created. -* **Be fruitful, and multiply** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:01:22]]. God told the man and the woman to produce more people like themselves so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Fill the earth** - Fill the earth with people. +God told the man and the woman to produce more people like themselves so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](./22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Fill the earth + +Fill the earth with people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/30.md b/gen/01/30.md index 80014346f0..c97670ca6d 100644 --- a/gen/01/30.md +++ b/gen/01/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +God continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# every bird of the heavens -* (God continues speaking.) -* **every bird of the heavens** - "all the birds that fly in the sky" -* **in which there is the breath of life** - This can be translated as "that breathes" (UDB). This phrase emphasizes that these animals had a different kind of life than the plants. Plants do not breathe, and were to be used as food for the animals. -* **It was so** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:06]] -* **Behold** - The word "behold" here adds emphasis to follows. It can also be translated as "Indeed." -* **it was very good** - See how you translated "it was good" in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:09]]. Now when God looked at everything he had made, it was “very good.” -* **This was evening and morning** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:03]]. -* **the sixth day** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:06]]. +"all the birds that fly in the sky" + +# that has the breath of life + +"that breathes." This phrase emphasizes that these animals had a different kind of life than the plants. Plants do not breathe, and were to be used as food for the animals. Here "life" means physical life. + +# It was so + +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated it in [Genesis 1:7](./06.md). + +# Behold + +"Indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# it was very good + +Now when God looked at everything he had made, it was "very good. "See how you translated "it was good" in [Genesis 1:10](./09.md). + +# evening and morning + +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the sixth day + +This refers to the sixth day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/intro.md b/gen/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94a26af442 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Genesis 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter presents the first account of God creating the world. There is a pattern to this account: "God said ... God saw that it was good ... This was evening and morning, the first day." Translators should preserve this pattern in their versions. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The universe ##### + +This account of creation is told within the framework of ancient Hebrew ideas about the universe: the earth was resting with water around it and below it. Over the earth was something like a vast dome, called "an expanse between the waters" (1:6), on top of which was more water. Translators should try to keep these original images in their work, even though readers in their project language might have a completely different idea of what the universe is like. + +##### Evening and morning ##### + +Genesis 1 presents the ancient Hebrew idea of a day: it begins with sunset, lasts through the night and continues through the daylight hours until the next sunset. This pattern should be preserved in translation, even if readers in the project language define "day" differently. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "God said, 'Let there be'" ##### + +This expression occurs often in this chapter. It can be difficult to translate, because God is not shown as talking to a particular person. If God is talking to a thing, it is something not yet in existence. Translators should find the most natural way in the project language to signal the idea that God spoke things into existence; he created the world and the things in it by simply commanding that they should exist. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Genesis intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/01.md b/gen/02/01.md index fdc341e586..1493d71e89 100644 --- a/gen/02/01.md +++ b/gen/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the heavens -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] +"the sky" or "the skies" -## translationNotes +# and all the living things that filled them -* **the heavens** - "the sky" or "the skies" -* **and all the living things that filled them** - "and all the many living things that are in them" or "and all the crowds of living things in them." -* **were finished** - Their creation was completed. God had finished creating them. -* **On the seventh day God came to the end of his work** - This can be translated as "By the seventh day God had come to the end of his work." God did not work at all on the seventh day. -* **he rested on the seventh day from all his work** - This can be translated "on that day he stopped working" or "on that day he did not work." -* **God blessed the seventh day** - This could mean 1) "God caused the seventh day to produce good results" or 2) "God said that the seventh day was good." -* **and sanctified it** - This can be translated as "and set it apart" or "and called it his own." -* **in it he rested from all his work** - This could be translated "on it he did not work." +"and all the many living things that are in them" or "and all the crowds of living things in them" + +# were finished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God had finished creating them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# On the seventh day God came to the end of his work + +God did not work at all on the seventh day. + +# came to the end of + +This is an idiom. AT: "had finished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he rested on the seventh day from all his work + +"on that day he did not work" + +# God blessed the seventh day + +Possible meanings are 1) God caused the seventh day to produce good result or 2) God said that the seventh day was good. + +# sanctified it + +"set it apart" or "called it his own" + +# in it he rested from all his work + +"on it he did not work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/04.md b/gen/02/04.md index cd5bbe8818..6b33ba1c7f 100644 --- a/gen/02/04.md +++ b/gen/02/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The rest of Genesis 2 tells about how God created people on the sixth day. -## translationNotes +# These were the events concerning the heavens and the earth -* The rest of Genesis 2 tells about how God created people on the sixth day. -* **These are the events concerning the heavens and the earth** - "This is the account of the heavens and the earth" or "This is the story about the heavens and the earth." There are two understandings of the purpose of this sentence. Either it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3, or it introduces the events described in Genesis 2. If possible, translate this so that it could be understood either way. -* **in the day that Yahweh God made** - This can be translated as "when the LORD God created." The word "day" refers to the whole time span of the creation, not to just one particular day. -* **bush of the field** - This refers to shrubs growing in the wild, that animals might eat. -* **plant of the field** - This refers to leafy plants like vegetables or greens that both animals and humans can eat. -* **mist** - This refers either to 1) something like dew or morning fog or 2) springs from underground streams. -* **the whole surface of the ground** - the entire earth +"This is the account of the heavens and the earth" or "This is the story about the heavens and the earth." Possible meanings are 1) it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3 or 2) it introduces the events described in Genesis 2. If possible, translate this so that people can understood it either way. + +# they were created + +"Yahweh God created them." In chapter 1 the writer always speaks of God as "God," but in chapter 2 he always speaks of God as "Yahweh God." + +# on the day that Yahweh God made + +"when Yahweh God created." The word "day" refers to the whole time span of the creation, not to just one particular day. + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# No bush of the field + +no shrubs growing in the wild that animals might eat + +# no plant of the field + +no leafy plants like vegetables or greens that both animals and humans can eat + +# to cultivate + +to do everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well + +# mist + +Possible meanings are 1) something like dew or morning fog o 2) springs from underground streams. + +# the whole surface of the ground + +the entire earth \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/07.md b/gen/02/07.md index 16e90e0c02..7b5d56aa72 100644 --- a/gen/02/07.md +++ b/gen/02/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# formed -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"molded" or "shaped" or "created" -## translationNotes +# man ... man -* **formed** - "molded" or "shaped" or "made" -* **his nostrils** - "his nose" -* **breath of life** - "breath that makes things live" -* **a garden** - This could have been an orchard of fruit trees or a park with all kinds of trees. -* **eastward** - "in the east" +"a human being ... the human" or "a person ... the person" not specifically a male + +# his nostrils + +"his nose" + +# breath of life + +"breath that makes things live." Here "life" refers to physical life. + +# a garden + +This could have been an orchard of fruit trees or an area with all kinds of trees. + +# eastward + +"in the east" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/09.md b/gen/02/09.md index 0244bf6c5f..4765b16e39 100644 --- a/gen/02/09.md +++ b/gen/02/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the tree of life -* [[en:tw:Eden]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the tree that gives people life" -## translationNotes +# life -* **the tree of life** - "the tree that gives people life" when they eat its fruit -* **the tree of the knowledge of good and evil** - "the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil" or "the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things." -* **good and evil** - This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. In this verse, it means "everything, including both good and evil." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **in the midst of the garden** - "in the middle of the garden." The two trees may not have been in the exact center of the garden. -* **A river went out of Eden to water the garden** - This can be translated as "A river flowed through Eden to water the garden." The garden was in Eden. The river continued to flow outside of Eden. +Here this means "eternal life" or life that does not end. + +# the tree of the knowledge of good and evil + +"the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil" or "the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things" + +# good and evil + +This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. AT: "everything, including both good and evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# in the midst of the garden + +"in the middle of the garden." The two trees may not have been in the exact center of the garden. + +# A river went out of Eden to water the garden + +The garden was in Eden. The river continued to flow outside of Eden. AT: "A river flowed through Eden to water the garden." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/11.md b/gen/02/11.md index 8375a18266..404548912f 100644 --- a/gen/02/11.md +++ b/gen/02/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Pishon +This is the only time this river is referred to in the Bible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). -## translationNotes +# the whole land of Havilah -* **Pishon** - This is the only time this river is referred to in the Bible. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). -* **the whole land of Havilah** - "the whole land called Havilah." It was somewhere in the Arabian Desert. -* **where there is gold** - This is a relative clause that describes Havilah. Some languages would not use a relative clause for this. It can also be translated as "There is gold in Havilah." (See the section on clauses in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]]) -* **bdellium** - This resin comes from a tree and smells nice. A resin is sticky stuff that comes out of some trees and can burn. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **the onyx stone** - "onyx stones." Onyx is a certain kind of beautiful stone. +"the whole land called Havilah." It was somewhere in the Arabian Desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +# where there is gold + +This phrase gives information about Havilah. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. AT: "There is gold in Havilah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# There are also bdellium and the onyx stone + +The word "there" is placed first in the sentence for emphasis. AT: "This is also where people can find bdellium and onyx stones" + +# bdellium + +This resin comes from a tree and smells nice. A resin is sticky stuff that comes out of some trees and can burn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the onyx stone + +"onyx stones." Onyx is a certain kind of beautiful stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/13.md b/gen/02/13.md index 77de57b5f6..9a678ec866 100644 --- a/gen/02/13.md +++ b/gen/02/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Gihon -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] +This is the only mention of this river in the Bible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# flows throughout the whole land of Cush -* **Gihon** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **flows throughout the whole land of Cush** - The river did not cover the whole land, but wound through various parts of the land. -* **the land of Cush** - "the land called Cush". This was modern Ethiopia or Sudan. -* **which flows east of Asshur** - "which flows in the land east of the city of Asshur." The Tigris River flows from north to south. The phrase "which flows east of Asshur" is a relative clause. Some languages would not use a relative clause here. It can also be translated as "and it flows east of Asshur." (See the section on clauses in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]].) +The river did not cover the whole land, but wound through various parts of the land. + +# the whole land of Cush + +"the entire land called Cush" + +# which flows east of Ashur + +"which flows in the land east of the city of Ashur." The Tigris River flows from north to south. The phrase "which flows east of Ashur" gives information about where the Tigris River is. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. AT: "It flows east of Ashur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/15.md b/gen/02/15.md index b2ed16be86..6e83f60ea1 100644 --- a/gen/02/15.md +++ b/gen/02/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the garden of Eden -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the garden that was in Eden" -## translationNotes +# to work it -* **the garden of Eden** - This can also be translated as "the garden in Eden." -* **From every tree in the garden** - "The fruit of every tree in the garden" -* **you** - This pronoun is singular. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **you may freely eat…you may not eat** - In some languages it would be natural to first say what is not permitted and to then say what is permitted, as in the UDB. -* **may freely eat** - "may eat without restriction" -* **the tree of the knowledge of good and evil** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:02:09]]. -* **you may not eat** - This can be translated as "I will not permit you to eat" (UDB) or "you must not eat." +"to cultivate it." This means to do everything necessary so that the plants will grow well. + +# to maintain it + +to guard against anything bad happening in it + +# From every tree in the garden + +"The fruit of every tree in the garden" + +# you + +This pronoun is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you may freely eat ... you may not eat + +In some languages it would be natural to first say what is not permitted and to then say what is permitted, as in the UDB. + +# may freely eat + +"may eat without restriction" + +# the tree of the knowledge of good and evil + +"the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil" or "the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things." See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](./09.md). + +# you may not eat + +"I will not permit you to eat" or "you must not eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/18.md b/gen/02/18.md index fd67df2b60..2c182a67f7 100644 --- a/gen/02/18.md +++ b/gen/02/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will make him a helper suitable for him -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"I will make a helper who is just right for him" -## translationNotes +# every animal of the field and every bird of the sky -* **I will make him a helper corresponding to him** - "I will make a helper for him" -* **a helper corresponding to him** - This can be translated as "a helper that is suitable for him" or "a companion who is right for him." -* **every animal of the field and every bird of the sky** - This can also be translated as "all kinds of animals and birds." The phrases "of the field" and "of the sky" tell where the animals and birds typically are. -* **all the livestock** - This can be translated as “animals that people look after.” -* **there was found no helper corresponding to him** - This can be translated with an active clause: "he did not find a helper that corresponded to himself" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) or "there was no companion that was right for him." +The phrases "of the field" and "of the sky" tell where the animals and birds are usually found. AT: "all kinds of animals and birds" + +# all the livestock + +"all the animals that people look after" + +# there was found no helper suitable for him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there was no companion that was right for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/21.md b/gen/02/21.md index 64999e3566..de235b2720 100644 --- a/gen/02/21.md +++ b/gen/02/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"caused the man to sleep intensely." A deep sleep is a time of sleeping in which a person is not easily disturbed or wakened. -## translationNotes +# With the rib ... he made a woman -* **caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man** - "caused the man to sleep intensely." A deep sleep is a time of sleeping in which a person is not easily disturbed or wakened. -* **with the rib…he made a woman** - "From the rib…he formed a woman." The rib was the material God made the woman from. -* **This time, this one is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh** - This can also be translated as "Finally this one's bones are like my bones, and her flesh is like my flesh." After looking among all the animals for a partner and not finding one, he finally saw someone who was like him and could be his partner. The man was probably expressing his feeling of relief and joy. -* **flesh** - This refers to the soft parts of the body like skin and muscle. -* **She will be called 'woman', because she was taken out of man.** - The translator may want to write a footnote saying "The Hebrew word for 'woman' sounds like the Hebrew word 'man'. +"From the rib ... he formed a woman." The rib was the material God made the woman from. + +# This time, this one is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh + +"Finally, this one's bones are like my bones, and her flesh is like my flesh." After looking among all the animals for a partner and not finding one, he finally saw someone who was like him and could be his partner. The man was probably expressing his feeling of relief and joy. + +# flesh + +This refers to the soft parts of the body like skin and muscle. + +# She will be called 'woman,' because she was taken out of man + +The translator may want to write a footnote saying "The Hebrew word for 'woman' sounds like the Hebrew word for 'man.' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/24.md b/gen/02/24.md index 1666d29024..ef668ebf69 100644 --- a/gen/02/24.md +++ b/gen/02/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] +What follows is written by the author. The man did not say these things. -## translationNotes +# Therefore -* (What follows is written by the author. The man did not say these things.) -* **Therefore** - This can be translated as "That is why." -* **a man will leave his father and his mother** - This is about men in general. It does not refer to any particular man at any particular time. It can also be translated as "men stop living in their father and mother's home." -* **will become one flesh** - This is a figure of speech. It either means that they become like one person or they become one family. -* **They were both naked** - The word "they" refers to the man and the woman that God had created. -* **naked** - "not wearing clothing" -* **they were not ashamed** - At that time there was no reason for them to be ashamed about being naked. +"That is why" + +# a man will leave his father and his mother + +"a man will stop living in his father and mother's home." This is about men in general. It does not refer to any particular man at any particular time. + +# they will become one flesh + +This idiom speaks of sexual activity as though the bodies that are together become one body. AT: "their two bodies will become one body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They were both naked + +The word "they" refers to the man and the woman that God had created. + +# naked + +"not wearing clothing" + +# but were not ashamed + +"they were not ashamed about being naked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/intro.md b/gen/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..271e034cae --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Genesis 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Gen. 2:1-3 ends the first creation account, begun in the previous chapter. The second creation account, beginning in 2:4, is very different, using a more natural, story-telling style instead of following a set formula using repeated phrases. Translators should try to imitate this difference in their versions. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The second creation account in Gen. 2:4-25 ##### + +Gen. 2:4-25 presents an account of creation from a different viewpoint than the one given in Gen. 1:1-2:3. This second account should be regarded as filling out the first account, not as conflicting with it. + +##### Yahweh, the name of God ##### + +"Yahweh," the personal name of God in the Old Testament, appears for the first time in this chapter. Translators must decide how to represent it in their versions. For 2,000 years, it has been traditional for many Christians to represent it with the term "the Lord." Indeed, it is demanded by Roman Catholics for their Bible versions to continue doing this. Of course, the disadvantage of using "the Lord" is that this is a title for God, not a personal name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]) + +Translators who are not producing versions for Roman Catholics can consider transliterating the name "Yahweh," approximating the name as best as their project languages allow. + +Or translators can consider using expressions for the supreme god that might exist in their project languages, such as, "The Great One," "The Ruler of All," "The One who Never Sleeps," etc. Of course, these are descriptive titles, not personal names, so they suffer from the same disadvantages that "the Lord" has. + +Translators can also consider pairing a transliteration of "Yahweh" with a meaningful title for the supreme god in the project language. Whatever solution is found should be followed consistently when the name "Yahweh" occurs in the Scriptures. + +##### The Garden of Eden ##### + +This was not a vegetable garden or cultivated field. Instead, it was probably a large area of land with fruit trees and other plants bearing leaves, etc., that were good to eat. A river flowed out from the Garden of Eden, giving the impression that the Garden was a holy place; in the ancient Near East, temples had gardens and waterways. In Rev. 22:1-2, the throne of God in the New Jerusalem is pictured with a river flowing out from it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/01.md b/gen/03/01.md index b1d6b10722..21d7249ff6 100644 --- a/gen/03/01.md +++ b/gen/03/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer is beginning a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# more shrewd -* **more shrewd** - This can also be translated as "more cunning" (UDB) or "smarter at getting what he wanted by telling lies." -* **Has God really said** - "Is it true that God said." The serpent was pretending to ask a real question. Translate this as a question. -* **You must not eat** - The serpent was speaking to the man and the woman (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]). -* **We may eat** - "We are allowed to eat" or "We have permission to eat" -* **We may eat ... God said, 'You may not eat** - Eve told the serpent what God had permitted them to do and what God had told them not to do. Some languages would say what they were told not to do, and then say what they were allowed to do, as in the UDB. -* **You may not eat it** - This could be translated as "You must not eat it" or "Do not eat it." -* **nor may you touch it** - This can be translated as "and you must not touch it" or "and do not touch it." -* **or you will die** - The word "or" introduces what will happen if they eat the fruit of that tree. This could be translated "If you do, you will die." +"more cunning" or "smarter at getting what he wanted by telling lies" + +# Has God really said, 'You ... garden'? + +The snake is pretending to be surprised that God has made this rule. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am surprised that God said, 'You ... garden.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You must not eat + +The word "you" is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# We may eat ... God said, 'You may not eat it + +Eve told the serpent what God had permitted them to do first and then what God had told them not to do. Some languages would say what they were told not to do first and then say what they were allowed to do, as in the UDB. + +# We may eat + +"We are allowed to eat" or "We have permission to eat" + +# You may not ... nor may you ... you will die + +The word "you" is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You may not eat it + +"You must not eat it" or "Do not eat it" + +# nor may you touch it + +"and you must not touch it" or "and do not touch it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/04.md b/gen/03/04.md index 05a23161f6..9db8844320 100644 --- a/gen/03/04.md +++ b/gen/03/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You ... you ... your ... you -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# your eyes will be opened -* **You** - When the serpent said "you," he was referring to the man and the woman. Some languages will use the plural form, and some will use the dual form of "you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **your eyes will be opened** - "your eyes will open." This figure of speech means "you will become aware of things" or "you will understand new things." This meaning can be stated clearly as it is in the UDB. It can also be expressed as a simile: "It will be as though your eyes were opened" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **knowing good and evil** - This can be translated as "Like God, you will know everything, whether good or bad." This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. In this verse, it means "everything, including both good and evil." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **it was a delight to the eyes** - "the tree was delightful to look at" or "it was nice to look at" or "it was very beautiful" (UDB). -* **and that the tree was desirable to make one wise** - "and she wanted the tree's fruit because it could make a person wise." This can also be translated as "and she wanted its fruit because it could make her understand what was right and wrong just as God does." +"your eyes will open." This idiom means "you will become aware of things" or "you will understand new things." This meaning can be stated clearly. AT: "It will be as though your eyes were opened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# knowing good and evil + +Here "good and evil" is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated "knowledge of good and evil" in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). AT: "knowing everything, including both good and evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# it was a delight to the eyes + +"the tree was delightful to look at" or "it was nice to look at" or "it was very beautiful" + +# that the tree was desirable to make one wise + +"she wanted the tree's fruit because it could make a person wise" or "she wanted its fruit because it could make her understand what was right and wrong just as God does" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/07.md b/gen/03/07.md index 5b82341e68..c220fb709b 100644 --- a/gen/03/07.md +++ b/gen/03/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The eyes of both of them were opened -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Then their eyes opened" or "They became aware" or "They understood." See how you translated "your eyes will be opened" in [Genesis 3:5](./04.md). -## translationNotes +# sewed -* **The eyes of both of them were opened** - This can be translated as "Then their eyes opened" or "They became aware" or "They understood." See how you translated "your eyes will be opened" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:03:04]]. -* **sewed** - "fastened" or "joined" -* **fig leaves** - If people do not know what fig leaves are like, this can be translated as "large leaves from a fig tree" or simply "large leaves." -* **and made coverings for themselves** - This can be translated as "and clothed themselves with them." They did this because they were ashamed. This implicit information can be made explicit if needed as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in the cool of the day** - This could be translated "at the time of day when a cool breeze blows." -* **from the presence of Yahweh God** - This could be translated as "from Yahweh God's sight" or "so that Yahweh God would see them" (UDB) or as "from the the Lord God." +"fastened" or "joined" + +# fig leaves + +If people do not know what fig leaves are like, this can be translated as "large leaves from a fig tree" or simply "large leaves." + +# made coverings for themselves + +They did this because they were ashamed. This implicit information can be made explicit if needed as in the UDB. AT: "clothed themselves with them because they were ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the cool of the day + +"at the time of day when a cool breeze blows" + +# from the presence of Yahweh God + +"from Yahweh God's sight" or "so that Yahweh God would not see them" or "from Yahweh God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/09.md b/gen/03/09.md index f97e40a0b8..f59bfef499 100644 --- a/gen/03/09.md +++ b/gen/03/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Where are you? -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Why are you trying to hide from me?" God knew where the man was. When the man answered, he did not say where he was but why he was hiding. -## translationNotes +# you -* **Where are you?** - This can also be translated as "Why are you trying to hide from me?" (UDB). God knew where the man was. When the man answered, he did not say where he was but why he was hiding. -* **you** - In verses 9 and 11, God was speaking to the man. Languages that have a singular form of 'you' would use that one. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **I heard you** - This could be translated "I heard your sound." -* **Who told you...** - God knew the answer to this question. He asked it in order to force Adam to confess that he had disobeyed God. -* **Have you eaten...** - Again, God knew this had happened. Translate this question in a form that shows God was accusing Adam of disobedience. +In verses 9 and 11, God was speaking to the man. Languages that have a singular form of "you" would use that here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I heard you + +"I heard the sound you were making" + +# Who told you + +God knew the answer to this question. He asked it in order to force Adam to confess that he had disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have you eaten ... from? + +Again, God knew this had happened. Translate this question in a form that shows God was accusing Adam of disobedience. The sentence can be translated as a statement. AT: "You must have eaten ... from." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/12.md b/gen/03/12.md index 86032fb6f0..782c78889f 100644 --- a/gen/03/12.md +++ b/gen/03/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# What is this you have done? -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **What is this you have done?** - God already knew what the woman had done. When he asked this question, he was giving her the opportunity to tell him about it, and he was expressing his disappointment with what she had done. Many languages use rhetorical questions for scolding or rebuking. If possible, use a form that expresses this disappointment. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +God already knew what the woman had done. When he asked this question, he was giving her the opportunity to tell him about it, and he was expressing his disappointment with what she had done. Many languages use rhetorical questions for scolding or rebuking. If possible, use a form that expresses this disappointment. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "You have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/14.md b/gen/03/14.md index 824e0f2751..a69ce83d3b 100644 --- a/gen/03/14.md +++ b/gen/03/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# cursed are you alone -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"you alone are cursed." The word "curse" is first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between God's blessing on the animals and this curse on the serpent. This is a "curse formula," or the way that curses were expressed. By saying this curse, God made it happen. -## translationNotes +# all the livestock and all the beasts of the field -* **cursed are you alone** - "you alone are cursed." The word "curse" is first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between God's blessing on the animals and this curse on the serpent. This is a "curse formula," or the way that curses were expressed. By saying this curse, God made it happen. -* **all the livestock and all the beasts of the field ** - This could be translated as "all domestic animals and all wild animals." -* **It is on your belly that you will go** - "You will move along the ground on your belly." The phrase "upon your belly" comes first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between the way other animals would move along using their legs with the way the serpent would slither along on its belly. This is also part of the curse formula. -* **it is dust that you will eat** - "you will eat dust" - The word "dust" comes first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between the plants above the ground that other animals would eat and the dirty food on the ground that the serpent would eat. This is part of the curse formula. -* **hostility between you and the woman** - This means that the serpent and the woman would become enemies. -* **seed** - "offspring." Possible meanings are 1) "descendant" or 2) descendants." This is because the word "seed" can refer to either a particular seed or to a group of seeds. -* **He will bruise…you will bruise his heel** - The words "he" and "his" refer to the woman's descendent. If "seed" was translated as plural, this can be translated as "They will bruise…you will bruise their heel." In this case, consider inserting footnotes to say that the "He" and "his" are singular. -* **bruise** - This could be translated as "crush" or "strike" or "attack." +"all domestic animals and all wild animals" + +# It is on your stomach that you will go + +"You will move along the ground on your stomach." The words "it is upon your stomach" comes first to emphasize the contrast between the way other animals would move along using their legs and the way the serpent would slither along on its stomach. This is also part of the curse formula. + +# it is dust that you will eat + +"you will eat dust." The words "it is dust" comes first to emphasize the contrast between the plants above the ground that other animals would eat and the dirty food on the ground that the serpent would eat. This is part of the curse formula. + +# hostility between you and the woman + +This means that the serpent and the woman would become enemies. + +# seed + +"offspring" or "descendant." The word "seed" refers to what a man puts into a woman to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. Like the word "offspring," it can refer to more than one person, as in the word "descendants." Try to find a word that is singular but can refer to more than one person. + +# He will bruise ... his heel + +The words "he" and "his" refer to the woman's descendant. If "seed" was translated as plural, this can be translated as "they will bruise ... their heel"; in this case, consider inserting footnotes to say that the "they" and "their" are used to translate a singular pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# bruise + +"crush" or "strike" or "attack" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/16.md b/gen/03/16.md index fa897705e9..a6f082a6e0 100644 --- a/gen/03/16.md +++ b/gen/03/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will greatly multiply your pain +"I will make your pain increase much" or "I will make your pain to be very severe" -## translationNotes +# in having children -* **I will greatly multiply your pain** - This could be translated "I will make your pain increase much" or "I will make your pain to be very severe." -* **in having children** - "in giving birth to children" or "when you give birth to children" (UDB) -* **your desire will be for your husband** - "You will have a strong desire for your husband." Possible meanings are 1) "You will want very much to be with your husband" or 2) "You will want to control your husband." -* **he will rule over you** - This could be translated as "he will be your master" or "he will control you." +"in giving birth to children" or "when you give birth to children" + +# Your desire will be for your husband + +"You will have a strong desire for your husband." Possible meanings are 1) "You will want very much to be with your husband" or 2) "You will want to control your husband" + +# he will rule over you + +"he will be your master" or "he will control you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/17.md b/gen/03/17.md index 9577399d79..5a195ac490 100644 --- a/gen/03/17.md +++ b/gen/03/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Adam -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] +The name Adam is the same as the Hebrew word for "man." Some translations say "Adam" and some say "the man." You may use either form as it refers to the same person. -## translationNotes +# you have listened to the voice of your wife -* **Adam** - The name Adam is the same as the Hebrew word for "man." Some translations say "Adam" and some say "the man." Either form is acceptable as it refers to the same person. -* **you have listened to the voice of your wife** - "you have obeyed what your wife said" -* **have eaten from the tree** - "have eaten the fruit of the tree" or "have eaten some of the fruit of the tree" -* **You may not eat from it** - This could be translated as "You must not eat from it" or "Do not eat its fruit." -* **Cursed is the ground** - "The ground is cursed" or "I am cursing the ground." This is a curse formula in Hebrew, with the word "curse" coming first in the sentence. If possible, translate it in a way that emphasizes the curse. -* **in painful toil** - This could be translated as "By doing hard work." -* **you will eat from it** - The word "it" refers to the ground. People would eat parts of the plants. The plants grow on the ground. -* **the plants of the field** - Possible meanings are 1) "the plants that you take care of in your fields" or 2) "the wild plants that grow in the open fields." -* **by the sweat of your face** - This can be translated as "by doing hard work that makes your face sweat." -* **you will eat bread** - Here the word "bread" refers to food in general. -* **until you return to the ground** - "until you die and your body is put in the ground." In some cultures, they put the bodies of people who have died in a hole in the ground. Man's hard work does not end until the time of his death and burial. -* **For dust you are, and to dust you will return** - "I made you from soil, so your body will become soil again." Translate both occurrences of "dust" with the same word in order to show that man begins and ends in the same condition. +This is an idiom. AT: "you have obeyed what your wife said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have eaten from the tree + +You can say what it was that they ate. AT: "have eaten the fruit of the tree" or "have eaten some of the fruit of the tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You may not eat from it + +"You must not eat from it" or "Do not eat its fruit" + +# cursed is the ground + +The word "curse" comes first in the sentence to emphasize that the ground, which had been "good" ([Genesis 1:10](../01/09.md)), was now under God's curse. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am cursing the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through painful work + +"by doing hard work" + +# you will eat from it + +The word "it" refers to the ground and is a metonym for the parts of the plants, which grow in the ground, that people eat. AT: "you will eat what grows from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the plants of the field + +Possible meanings are 1) "the plants that you take care of in your fields" or 2) "the wild plants that grow in the open fields." + +# By the sweat of your face + +"By doing hard work that makes your face sweat" + +# you will eat bread + +Here the word "bread" is a synecdoche for food in general. AT: "you will eat food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# until you return to the ground + +"until you die and your body is put in the ground." In some cultures, they put the bodies of people who have died in a hole in the ground. Man's hard work does not end until the time of his death and burial. + +# For dust you are, and to dust you will return + +"I made you from soil, so your body will become soil again." Translate both occurrences of "dust" with the same word in order to show that man begins and ends in the same condition. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/20.md b/gen/03/20.md index cf1e9d24c1..a4bcc2365e 100644 --- a/gen/03/20.md +++ b/gen/03/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The man -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:eve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Some translations say "Adam." -## translationNotes +# called his wife's name Eve -* **The man** - This can also be translated as the name Adam. -* **called his wife's name Eve** - Adam "gave his wife the name Eve" or "named his wife Eve" (UDB). -* **Eve** - Translators may write a footnote saying, "The name Eve sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'living.'" -* **all living things** - This could be translated as "all the living." This refers to people. -* **garments of skins** - This could be translated "clothing made out of animal skins." +"gave his wife the name Eve" or "named his wife Eve" + +# Eve + +Translators may write a footnote saying "The name Eve sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'living.'" + +# all the living + +The word "living" refers to people. AT: "all people" or "all living people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# garments of skins + +"clothing made out of animal skins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/22.md b/gen/03/22.md index 5bb6bca145..9d69fe103a 100644 --- a/gen/03/22.md +++ b/gen/03/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# the man -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) God was referring to one human, the man, or 2) God was referring to humans in general, so this would mean the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them. -## translationNotes +# like one of us -* **The man** - Possible meanings are 1) God was referring to one human—the man, or 2) God was referring to humans in general, which at this point was the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them. -* **like one of us** - This can also be translated as "like us." The pronoun "us" is plural. (See the note on "Let us make" in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:26]].) -* **knowing good and evil** - "He knows what is good and what is bad” This can be translated as "he know everything, whether good or bad." This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. In this verse, it means "everything, including both good and evil." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **he must now be allowed** - This can be translated as "I will not let him." -* **put forth his hand** - "reach out with his hand" -* **the ground from which he had been taken** - The man was made out of ground. This does not refer to a particular plot of land that the man was taken from. -* **So God drove the man out of the garden** - "God forced the man to leave the garden." This refers to the event in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:03:22]] where it says "Yahweh God sent him out of the garden of Eden." God did not send the man out a second time. -* **in order to guard the way to the tree of life** - "in order to stop people from going to the tree of life." -* **flaming sword** - Possible meanings are 1) a sword that had flames coming from it, or 2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow. +"like us." The pronoun "us" is plural. See how you translated "Let us make" in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). + +# knowing good and evil + +Here "good and evil" is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated "knowledge of good and evil" in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). AT: "knowing everything, including both good and evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# he must not be allowed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not allow him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tree of life + +"the tree that gives people life." See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](../02/07.md). + +# the ground from which he had been taken + +"dirt because he had been taken from dirt." This does not refer to the particular place on the land that the God took man from. + +# So God drove the man out of the garden + +"God forced the man to leave the garden." This refers to the event in [Genesis 3:23](./22.md), where it says "Yahweh God sent him out of the garden of Eden." God did not send the man out a second time. + +# to cultivate + +This means to what is needed so that plants grow well. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:5](../02/04.md). + +# in order to guard the way to the tree of life + +"in order to stop people from going to the tree of life" + +# flaming sword + +Possible meanings are 1) a sword that had flames coming from it or 2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/intro.md b/gen/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f69ec482b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Genesis 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the second creation account that began in Gen. 2:4. But a new section of this account begins in 3:1. The ULB reads, "Now the serpent was more shrewd than any other beast of the field which Yahweh God had made," because this is how the Scriptures introduce the serpent into the account. However, many languages prefer different ways to introduce new characters or things into stories, for example, "One of the wild animals made by God was the serpent" or "This is about the serpent, one of the wild animals that God had made." + +Scholars typically refer to the events of this chapter as "the fall" or "the fall of man" because sin is introduced into creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Curses ##### + +In this chapter, God curses the man, the woman, and the serpent for their sins. In general, cursing is calling down God's punishment on someone or something. In this chapter, however, it is God himself who is doing the cursing. Of course, he does not call down punishment on the man, the woman, and the serpent from someone else. Instead, he is promising that he himself will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +##### Serpent ##### +Most scholars believe that the serpent is Satan, even though his name is not used in this chapter. There are other places in Scripture where the serpent is used as an image for Satan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/01.md b/gen/04/01.md index 248fa3bd92..71238fe031 100644 --- a/gen/04/01.md +++ b/gen/04/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The man -* [[en:tw:abel]] -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:eve]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the human being" or "Adam" -## translationNotes +# slept with -* **The man** - This can also be translated here as "the human being" or "Adam" (UDB). -* **slept with** - "had sex with." Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]). -* **I have produced a man** - The word for "man" typically describes an adult male, rather than a baby or child. If that would cause confusion, it could be translated as "manchild" or "boy" or "baby boy" or "son." -* **Cain** - Translators may want to include a footnote that says "The name Cain sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'produce.' Eve named him Cain because she produced him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Then she gave birth** - We do not know how much time passed between the births of Cain and Abel. They may have been twins, or Abel may have been born after Eve became pregnant again. If possible, use an expression that does not tell how much time passed. +Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I have produced a man + +The word for "man" typically describes an adult male, rather than a baby or child. If that would cause confusion, it could be translated as "manchild" or "boy" or "baby boy" or "son." + +# Cain + +Translators may want to include a footnote that says "The name Cain sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'produce.' Eve named him Cain because she produced him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then she gave birth + +We do not know how much time passed between the births of Cain and Abel. They may have been twins, or Abel may have been born after Eve became pregnant again. If possible, use an expression that does not tell how much time passed. + +# cultivated + +This means he did everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well. See how "cultivate" is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/03.md b/gen/04/03.md index 8d538d6709..57a78a338a 100644 --- a/gen/04/03.md +++ b/gen/04/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:abel]] -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using that method here. -## translationNotes +# in the course of time -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in the course of time** - Possible meanings are 1) "after some time had passed" or 2) "at the right time." -* **fruit of the ground** - "crops" or "harvest". It refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. -* **some of the fat** - This could be translated "some of their fat parts." It refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed. The fat was the best part of the animal. -* **accepted** - The verb "accept" in verses 4 and 5 means "look upon favorably" or "be pleased with." -* **was very angry** - Some languages have an idiom for anger such as "He burned" or "His anger burned." -* **he scowled** - This means that the expression on his face showed that he was angry or jealous. Some languages have an idiom that describes what a person's face looks like when he is angry. +Possible meanings are 1) "after some time had passed" or 2) "at the right time" + +# fruit of the ground + +This refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. AT: "crops" or "harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# some of the fat + +This refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed, it was the best part of the animal. AT: "some of their fat parts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# accepted + +"looked favorably upon" or "was pleased with" + +# was very angry + +Some languages have an idiom for anger such as "He burned" or "His anger burned." + +# he scowled + +This means that the expression on his face showed that he was angry or jealous. Some languages have an idiom that describes what a person's face looks like when he is angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/06.md b/gen/04/06.md index a9df3b9399..5cc4767779 100644 --- a/gen/04/06.md +++ b/gen/04/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you angry and why are you scowling? -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God used these rhetorical questions to tell Cain that he was wrong to be angry and scowl. They may also have been intended to give Cain an opportunity to confess that he was wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# If you ... will you not be accepted? -* **Why are you angry and why are you scowling … ** - God used these rhetorical questions to tell Cain that he was wrong to be angry and scowl. They may also have been intended to give Cain an opportunity to confess that he was wrong. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **will you not be accepted** - God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. It can also be translated as "You know that if you do what is right, I will accept you." -* **sin crouches at the door** - This is can be translated as "sin is already waiting for you outside your door." Here sin is spoken of as a wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack Cain. This shows how dangerous sin is. It can also be translated as a simile as it is in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **sin** - Languages that do not have a noun that means "sin" could translate this as "your desire to sin" or "the bad things you want to do." -* **and desires to control you** - The personification of sin is continued. -* **you must rule over it** - "you must control sin." Sin is still personified here. -* If a language cannot use personification to talk about sin, this sentence can also be translated as "But if you do not do what is right, your sinful thoughts are very dangerous, and they will lead you to do sinful things, but you must refuse to do them." +God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. AT: "You know that if you do what is right, I will accept you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But if you do not ... you must rule over it + +God speaks of sin as if it were a person. AT: "But if you do not do what is right, you will desire to sin even more, and then you will do sinful things. You must refuse to obey it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# sin crouches ... to control you + +Here sin is spoken of as a dangerous wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack Cain. AT: "you will become so angry that you will not be able to stop sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sin + +Languages that do not have a noun that means "sin" could translate this as "your desire to sin" or "the bad things you want to do." + +# you must rule over it + +Yahweh speaks of Cain's desire to sin as if it were a person over whom Cain should rule. AT: "you must control it so you do not sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/08.md b/gen/04/08.md index be0aa6b1a9..d35b012fec 100644 --- a/gen/04/08.md +++ b/gen/04/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Cain spoke to Abel his brother -* [[en:tw:abel]] -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Some languages will need to add the implicit information that Cain spoke to his brother about going to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# brother -* **Cain spoke to Abel his brother** - Some languages will need to add the implicit information that Cain spoke to his brother about going to the fields. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **brother** - Abel was Cain's younger brother. Some languages would need to use the word for "younger brother." -* **Where is Abel your brother?** - God knew that Cain had killed his brother, but he asked Cain this question so that Cain would have to answer. -* **Am I my brother's keeper?** - Cain used this rhetorical question in order to avoid telling the truth. He was implying that God should know that Cain was not his brother's keeper. This can be translated as "Is it my responsibility to watch my brother?" or "I don't have to take care of my brother." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). +Abel was Cain's younger brother. Some languages may need to use the word for "younger brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# rose up against + +Standing up to fight against a person is an idiom for attacking him. AT: "attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Where is Abel your brother + +God knew that Cain had killed Abel, but he asked Cain this question so that Cain would have to answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Am I my brother's keeper? + +Cain used this rhetorical question so that he would not have to tell the truth. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am not my brother's keeper!" or "You know that taking care of my brother is not my job!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/10.md b/gen/04/10.md index 60859660d7..98d912b3a6 100644 --- a/gen/04/10.md +++ b/gen/04/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# What have you done? -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] +God uses a rhetorical question to rebuke Cain. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "What you have done is terrible!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Your brother's blood is calling out to me -* **What have you done?** - God used this rhetorical question to rebuke Cain. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Your brother's blood is calling out to me** - This personification can be translated as a simile. The implicit information is what the voice was calling out for. "Your brother's blood is like a person who is calling out to me to punish the person who killed him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood** - This is figurative language that says that the blood soaked into the ground. It can be translated as "which is soaked with your brother's blood." -* **from your hand** - This can also be translated as "that spilled when you killed him." Cain caused his brother's blood to flow onto the ground. -* **it will not yield to you its strength** - This is a figure of speech that means "the ground will not produce much food for you." -* **A fugitive and a wanderer** - These words could be joined together and translated as "a homeless wanderer," which means "a person who roams around because he does not have a home." +Abel's blood is a metonym for his death, as if it were a person calling out for God to punish Cain. AT: "Your brother's blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now cursed are you from the ground + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am cursing you so that you will not be able to grow food from the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood + +God speaks of the earth as if it were a person who could drink Abel's blood. AT: "which is soaked with your brother's blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from your hand + +Here Cain is represented by his "hand," to emphasize that he personally had killed his brother. AT: "that spilled when you killed him" or "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# cultivate + +This means to do everything necessary to do so that the plants would grow well. See how "cultivate" is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/04.md). + +# it will not yield to you its strength + +The ground is personified as if it were a person who loses strength. AT: "the ground will not produce much food for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# A fugitive and a wanderer + +You can join these words together. AT: "A homeless wanderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/13.md b/gen/04/13.md index c6d8d15ce1..383a4338f1 100644 --- a/gen/04/13.md +++ b/gen/04/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will be hidden from your face -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The term "your face" represents God's presence. AT: "I will not be able to speak to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# a fugitive and a wanderer -* **I will be hidden from your face** - "I will not be able to come before your face" or "I will not be able to go to you." Cain thought that if he moved to a different place, he would not be able to worship God. It does not mean that God would not be able to see Cain. -* **a fugitive and a wanderer** - These words could be joined together and translated as “a homeless wanderer,” which means "a person who roams because he does not have a home." -* **vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold** - This can be translated with an active verb. "I will take vengeance on him seven times" or "I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **would not attack him** - "would not kill Cain" +See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:12](./10.md) + +# vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will take vengeance on him seven times" or "I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# would not attack him + +"would not kill Cain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/16.md b/gen/04/16.md index 22af594f60..b81f8eec99 100644 --- a/gen/04/16.md +++ b/gen/04/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# went out from the presence of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Even though Yahweh is everywhere, this idiom speaks of Cain as though he went far away. AT: "went away from where Yahweh spoke to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Nod -* **Nod** - Translators may add a footnote saying "The word Nod means 'wandering.'" -* **slept with** - “had sex with.” Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some versions say “knew.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]). See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:04:01]]. -* **He built a city** - "Cain built a city" +Translators may add a footnote saying "The word Nod means 'wandering.'" + +# slept with + +Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# He built a city + +"Cain built a city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/18.md b/gen/04/18.md index 272aaa1daa..298f9647af 100644 --- a/gen/04/18.md +++ b/gen/04/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# To Enoch was born Irad -* [[en:tw:lamech]] +It is implied that Enoch grew up and married a woman. AT: "Enoch grew up and married and became the father of a son whom he named Irad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Irad -* **To Enoch was born Irad** - This can be translated as "Enoch had a son and named him Irad" or "Enoch became the father of Irad." Verse 17 told about Enoch being born. Verse 18 tells about Enoch having a son. The implied information is that Enoch grew up and married a woman. This can be made explicit as it is in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Irad became the father of Mehujael** - This can be translated as "Irad had a son and named him Mehujael." +the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adah ... Zillah + +women's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/20.md b/gen/04/20.md index 47d8e547b7..23c64e35ed 100644 --- a/gen/04/20.md +++ b/gen/04/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Adah ... Zillah -* [[en:tw:lamech]] +See how you translated these women's names in [Genesis 4:19](./18.md). -## translationNotes +# He was the father of those who lived in tents -* **He was the father of tent dwellers** - "He was the father of people who live in tents." Possible meanings are 1) He was the first person to live in a tent" or 2) "He and his descendants lived in tents." -* **tent dwellers who have cattle** - This can be translated as "people who live in tents and take care of cattle." -* **He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe** - Possible meanings are 1) "He was the first person to play the harp and pipe" or 2) "He and his descendants played the harp and pipe." -* **harp** - a musical instrument that has strings. People pluck or strum the strings to make music. -* **pipe** - a musical instrument that is shaped like a tube. People blow air through the tube or over a hole in the tube to make music. -* **Tubal-cain, the forger of tools of bronze and iron** - cain, the forger of tools of bronze and iron** - "Tubal-cain. He made bronze and iron tools." -* **bronze** - a yellowish-brown metal -* **iron** - a very strong grey metal +Possible meanings are 1) "He was the first person to live in a tent" or 2) "He and his descendants lived in tents." + +# who lived in tents who have livestock + +people who both live in tents and also take care of animals + +# He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe + +Possible meanings are 1) "He was the first person to play the harp and pipe" or 2) "He and his descendants played the harp and pipe." + +# Tubal-Cain + +the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the forger of tools of bronze and iron + +"who made tools out of bronze and iron" + +# iron + +a very strong metal used to make tools and weapons. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/23.md b/gen/04/23.md index 9ae151ebd9..85effdcd15 100644 --- a/gen/04/23.md +++ b/gen/04/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Adah ... Zillah -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:lamech]] +See how you translated these women's names in [Genesis 4:19](./18.md). -## translationNotes +# listen to my voice ... listen to what I say -* **Adah and Zillah, listen to my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to what I say** - Lamech said basically the same thing twice to show how important it was that his wives listen to what he was about to say. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Adah and Zillah** - These are the names of women. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **what I say** - This could be translated "my word" or "my speaking." -* **a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me** - This is a doublet. It refers to only one person. -* **for wounding me** - "because he wounded me" or "because he hurt me" -* **If Cain is avenged seven times as much** - This can be translated with an active verb. "If God avenges Cain seven times as much as he punished him" or "Anyone who kills Cain will be punished seven times as much as Cain was punished." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **truly Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times as much** - seven times as much** - "truly I will be avenged seventy-seven times as much" or "truly whoever kills me will be punished seventy-seven times as much." +Lamech said the same thing twice for emphasis. His voice is a synecdoche for his whole person. AT: "listen carefully to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me + +Lamech killed only one person. These two phrases means the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the certainly of his action. AT: "a young man because he hurt me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech + +Lamech knows that God will avenge Cain seven times. AT: "Since God will punish anyone who kills Cain seven times, Lamech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whoever kills me, God will punish seventy-seven times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# seventy-seven + +77 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/25.md b/gen/04/25.md index 94237a050c..539f6b856b 100644 --- a/gen/04/25.md +++ b/gen/04/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# slept with -* [[en:tw:abel]] -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# said, "God has given me another son -* **slept with** - “had sex with.” Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some languages say “knew.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]). See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:04:01]]. -* **and said, "God has given me another son"** - This is the reason that she named Seth. This implicit information could be made explicit: "and explained, 'God has given me another child.'" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). -* **Seth** - Translators may add a footnote that says "This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'has given'." -* **A son was born to Seth** - This can be translated as "Seth had a son." -* **to call on the name of Yahweh** - “to pray in the name of Yahweh” or “to trust in the name of Yahweh” or “to worship Yahweh." This is the first time in Genesis that people addressed God by the name Yahweh. This could also be translated as "to worship God by using the name Yahweh." +This is the reason that she named him Seth. This can be made explicit. AT: "explained, 'God has given me another child.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Seth + +Translators may add a footnote that says "This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'has given.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# A son was born to Seth + +This can be made explicit. AT: "Seth's wife bore him a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to call on the name of Yahweh + +This is the first time people called God by the name Yahweh. This can be made explicit. AT: "to worship God by using the name Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/intro.md b/gen/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3acf8dafa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Genesis 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Most of the text in this chapter is prose, but 4:23-24 is poetry. If the translator should put these two verses into poetic form, or at least into elegant speech, different from the rest of the chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Vengeance ##### + +The theme of vengeance is important in this chapter. Ancient Hebrew society allowed for people to seek revenge if a relative was murdered. After Cain murdered his brother Abel, he thought that he would be helpless against this danger because he had been driven away from God's protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +The theme of vengeance continues with the words of Lamech, who had killed someone for injuring him: +"I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me. If Cain is avenged seven times as much, truly Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times as much" (Gen. 4:23b-24). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/01.md b/gen/05/01.md index 8e35a2776b..c00c680c87 100644 --- a/gen/05/01.md +++ b/gen/05/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] +This is the beginning of the list of Adam's descendants. -## translationNotes +# in his own likeness -* **This is the record of the descendants of Adam** - This sentence introduces the account of Adam's descendants in Genesis 5:1-6:8. It could be translated as “This is the account of Adam's descendants.” -* **in his own likeness** - "to be like God." This does not say how God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people look like God. +This phrase means that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. See how "after our likeness" is translated in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). AT: "to truly be like us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# when they were created + +This can be made active. AT: "when he created them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/03.md b/gen/05/03.md index 347e6447b3..1e9e33825c 100644 --- a/gen/05/03.md +++ b/gen/05/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# 130 ... eight hundred -* [[en:tw:adam]] +Translators may write the numerals "130" and "800" or the words "one hundred thirty" and "eight hundred." (The ULB and the UDB use numerals if the number has three or more words; they use words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# he became the father of a son -* **130 … eight hundred** - Translators may write the numerals "130" and "800" or the words "one hundred thirty" and "eight hundred". (The ULB and the UDB have numerals if the number has three or more words; they have words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **he became the father of a son** - "he had a son" -* **in his own likeness, after his image** - These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used as a reminder that God made man in his own image. See how you translated similar phrases in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:26]]. -* **Seth** - Translate this name as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:04:25]]. -* **He became the father of more sons and daughters** - "He had more sons and daughters" -* **and then he died** - This phrase will be repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for "died." -* **Adam lived 930 years** - This can be translated as "Adam lived a total of 930 years." People used to live a very long time. Use your ordinary word for "years." +"he had a son" + +# in his own likeness, after his image + +These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used as a reminder that God made man in his own image. See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). + +# Seth + +See how you translated this name in [Genesis 4:25](../04/25.md). + +# He became the father of more sons and daughters + +"He had more sons and daughters" + +# then he died + +This phrase will be repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for "died." + +# Adam lived 930 years + +"Adam lived nine hundred and thirty years." People used to live a very long time. Use your ordinary word for "years." AT: "Adam lived a total of 930 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/06.md b/gen/05/06.md index 2c3160e307..1774c6ed66 100644 --- a/gen/05/06.md +++ b/gen/05/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# 105 years -* [[en:tw:father]] +"one hundred and five years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# he became the father of Enosh -* **he became the father of Enosh** - "he had his son Enosh" -* **Enosh** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and became the father of more sons and daughters** - "and had more sons and daughters" -* **Seth lived 912 years** - This can be translated as "Seth lived a total of 912 years." -* **and then he died** - This phrase is repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for "died." +Here "father" means his actual father, not his grandfather. AT: "he had his son Enosh." + +# Enosh + +This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 807 years + +"eight hundred and seven years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# and became the father of more sons and daughters + +"and had more sons and daughters" + +# Seth lived 912 years + +"Seth lived nine hundred and twelve years." Seth lived a total of 912 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# then he died + +This phrase is repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for "died." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/09.md b/gen/05/09.md index 1fadf5580f..27cb6093de 100644 --- a/gen/05/09.md +++ b/gen/05/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:father]] +The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# ninety years -* 27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes for verse [[:en:bible:notes:gen:05:06]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"90 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 815 years + +"eight hundred and fifteen years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 905 years + +"nine hundred and give years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/12.md b/gen/05/12.md index 1fadf5580f..fbf52c3a88 100644 --- a/gen/05/12.md +++ b/gen/05/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:father]] +The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# seventy years -* 27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes for verse [[:en:bible:notes:gen:05:06]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 840 years + +"eight hundred and forty years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 910 years + +"nine hundred and ten years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/15.md b/gen/05/15.md index 1fadf5580f..466fabc70d 100644 --- a/gen/05/15.md +++ b/gen/05/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:father]] - -## translationNotes - -* 27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes for verse [[:en:bible:notes:gen:05:06]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/18.md b/gen/05/18.md index cd9baa211c..466fabc70d 100644 --- a/gen/05/18.md +++ b/gen/05/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:enoch]] -* [[en:tw:father]] - -## translationNotes - -* 27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes for verse [[:en:bible:notes:gen:05:06]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/21.md b/gen/05/21.md index c090dcfd47..5d27219f22 100644 --- a/gen/05/21.md +++ b/gen/05/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# he became the father of Methuselah -* [[en:tw:enoch]] -* [[en:tw:father]] +"he had his son Methuselah" -## translationNotes +# Methuselah -* **he became the father of Methuselah** - “he had his son Methuselah” -* **Methuselah** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Enoch walked with God** - This can also be translated as "Enoch had a close relationship with God" or "Enoch lived in union with God." To walk with someone is a metaphor for being in a close relationship with him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He became the father of more sons and daughters** - “He had more sons and daughters” -* **Enoch lived 365 years** - This can be translated as “Enoch lived a total of 365 years." -* **then he was gone** - The word "he" refers to Enoch. He was no longer on earth. -* **for God took him** - This means that God took Enoch to be with God himself. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Enoch walked with God + +To walk with someone is a metaphor for being in a close relationship with him. AT: "Enoch had a close relationship with God" or "Enoch lived in union with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He became the father of more sons and daughters + +"He had more sons and daughters" + +# Enoch lived 365 years + +"Enoch lived three hundred and sixty-five years." Enoch lived a total of 365 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# then he was gone + +The word "he" refers to Enoch. He was no longer on earth. + +# for God took him + +This means that God took Enoch to be with himself (God). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/25.md b/gen/05/25.md index 83caf3e397..dbd227d562 100644 --- a/gen/05/25.md +++ b/gen/05/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:lamech]] +The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Lamech -* 27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes for verse [[:en:bible:notes:gen:05:06]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This Lamech is different from the Lamech in [Genesis 4:18](../04/18.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/28.md b/gen/05/28.md index dd32b62f7a..352c716f45 100644 --- a/gen/05/28.md +++ b/gen/05/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# 182 years -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:lamech]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +"one hundred and eighty-two years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# became the father of a son -* **became the father of a son** - "had a son" -* **Noah** - Translators may want to add a footnote that says "This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'rest.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). -* **from our work and from the toil of our hands** - Lamech says the same thing twice to emphasize how hard the work was. AT: "from working so hard with our hands" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"had a son" + +# Noah + +Translators may want to add a footnote that says: "This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'rest.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +# from our work and from the painful labor of our hands + +Lamech says the same thing twice to emphasize how hard the work was. AT: "from working so hard with our hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/30.md b/gen/05/30.md index c94526bd9e..57341cf514 100644 --- a/gen/05/30.md +++ b/gen/05/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# 595 years -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:lamech]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +"five hundred and ninety-five years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Lamech lived 777 years -* **Lamech lived 777 years** - This can be translated as "Lamech lived a total of 777 years." +"Lamech lived seven hundred seventy-seven years." Lamech lived a total of 777 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/32.md b/gen/05/32.md index 743c442a96..0cc2169fb0 100644 --- a/gen/05/32.md +++ b/gen/05/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he became the father of -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:ham]] -* [[en:tw:japheth]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] +"he had his sons." This does not tell us whether the sons were born on the same day or in different years. -## translationNotes +# Shem, Ham, and Japheth -* **After Noah had lived** - This can also be translated as "When Noah lived." -* **he became the father of** - "he had his sons." This does not tell us whether the sons were born on the same day or in different years. -* **Shem, Ham, and Japheth** - These sons are not listed in the order of their birth. Ham was the youngest son. Avoid translating this in a way that imply that the list is in the order of their ages. +These sons may not be listed in the order of their birth. There is disagreement about which one was the oldest. Avoid translating this in a way that implies that the list is in the order of their ages. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/intro.md b/gen/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94c265db63 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Genesis 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter provides the first of many lists of descendants in the Bible. This is not a simple list, because the author makes comments about each person. Translators should format this text in the way that is clearest in the project language. Many may choose to introduce each new person in a separate paragraph, as the ULB and UDB do. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/01.md b/gen/06/01.md index 406f08c21b..b59a2fb5be 100644 --- a/gen/06/01.md +++ b/gen/06/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:sonsofgod]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# daughters were born to them -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **sons of God** - Translators could add a footnote saying "It is not clear whether this refers to heavenly beings or human beings. In either case they were beings that God created." -* **My spirit will not remain in mankind forever** - "My breath will not remain in people forever, to keep them alive" (UDB) -* **for they are flesh** - They are mortal. -* **They will live 120 years** - This can also be translated as "They will not live more than 120 years" of "They will live only 120 years." Possible meanings are 1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years old or 2) in 120 years everyone would die. +This can be active. AT: "the women bore daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sons of God + +Translators could add a footnote saying: "It is not clear whether this refers to heavenly beings or human beings. In either case, they were beings that God created." Some believe these words refer to angels who rebelled against God, that is, evil spirits or demons. Others think this may refer to powerful political rulers, and others think this may refer to the descendants of Seth. + +# My spirit + +Here Yahweh is talking about himself and his spirit, which is the Spirit of God. + +# flesh + +This means that they have physical bodies that will one day die. + +# They will live 120 years + +"They will live one hundred and twenty years." Possible meanings are 1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years. AT: "They will not live more than 120 years" or 2) in 120 years everyone would die. AT: "They will live only 120 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/04.md b/gen/06/04.md index 370a23da9a..16e1144122 100644 --- a/gen/06/04.md +++ b/gen/06/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Giants -* [[en:tw:giant]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:renown]] -* [[en:tw:sonsofgod]] +very tall, large people -## translationNotes +# This happened when -* **Giants** - very large people -* **This happened when** - This refers to the presence of the giants. It can be translated as "This happened because." -* **sons of God** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:gen:06:01]]. -* **These were the mighty men of old** - "These giants were the mighty men who lived long ago" or "These children were the powerful fighters who lived long ago." -* **men of renown** - "famous men" +"The giants were born because" + +# sons of God + +See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:2](./01.md). + +# These were the mighty men of old + +"These giants were the mighty men who lived long ago" or "These children grew to become the powerful fighters who lived long ago" + +# mighty men + +men who are courageous and victorious in battle + +# men of renown + +"famous men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/05.md b/gen/06/05.md index b5ddeb0285..9546ba7000 100644 --- a/gen/06/05.md +++ b/gen/06/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# inclination -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"tendency" or "habit" -## translationNotes +# the thoughts of their hearts -* **inclination** - "tendency" or "habit" -* **the thoughts of their hearts** - "their inner, secret thoughts". Your language may use a word other than "heart" to talk about the part of people that thinks. -* **it grieved him to his heart** - This is a figurative way of saying that he was very, very sad about it. Your language may use a word other than "heart" to talk about the emotions. +The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that thinks. Your language may use a word other than "heart" to talk about the part of people that thinks. AT: "their inner, secret thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it grieved him to his heart + +The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that feels sadness. Your language may use a word other than "heart" to talk about the emotions. AT: "he was very, very sad about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/07.md b/gen/06/07.md index bea2938a01..4cf82a4e7a 100644 --- a/gen/06/07.md +++ b/gen/06/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will wipe away mankind ... from the surface of the earth -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer speaks of God killing people as if God were wiping dirt off a flat surface. AT: "I will destroy mankind ... so that there will not be any people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will wipe away mankind whom I have created -* **I will wipe away mankind … from the surface of the earth** - This can be translated as "I will destroy mankind whom I created so that there will not be any people on the earth." -* **mankind whom I have created** - God created all mankind. The phrase "whom I have created" tells some more information about all of mankind. Some languages would need to make this relative clause a separate sentence. (See the section on clauses in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences#clause]].) This sentence could be translated as two sentences: "I created mankind. I will wipe them away from the surface of the ground." -* **wipe away** - This could be translated "totally destroy" or "make it not exist." This verb pictures God as thoroughly cleaning the earth by wiping away wicked mankind. -* **Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahweh** - This can be translated as "Yahweh looked favorably on Noah" or "Yahweh was pleased with Noah" (UDB). -* **in the eyes of Yahweh** - Yahweh sees and knows what people do. AT: "in Yahweh's sight" or "in Yahweh's thoughts". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Some languages would need to translate this as two sentences. AT: "I created mankind. I will wipe them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# wipe away + +"completely destroy." Here "wipe away" is used in a negative sense, for God is talking about destroying the people because of their sin. + +# Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahweh + +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "Yahweh looked favorably on Noah" or "Yahweh was pleased with Noah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/09.md b/gen/06/09.md index 2c7bb903eb..c480243828 100644 --- a/gen/06/09.md +++ b/gen/06/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ham]] -* [[en:tw:japheth]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] +This begins the story of Noah, which continues into chapter 9. -## translationNotes +# These were the events concerning Noah -* **These are the events concerning Noah** - This sentence introduces the account of Noah in Genesis 6:9 - 9:29. It could be translated as “This is the account of Noah.” -* **walked with God** - See the note on how to translate this phrase in Genesis [[en:bible:notes:gen:05:21]]. -* **Noah became the father of three sons** - "Noah had three sons" -* **Shem, Ham, and Japheth** - Translators may add the following footnote. “The sons are not listed in the order that they were born in.” +"This is the account of Noah" + +# walked with God + +See how you translated this in [Genesis 5:21](../05/21.md). + +# Noah became the father of three sons + +"Noah had three sons" or "Noah's wife had three sons" + +# Shem, Ham, and Japheth + +Translators may add the following footnote: "The sons are not listed in the order in which they were born." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/11.md b/gen/06/11.md index 37f085306e..294cb8bc00 100644 --- a/gen/06/11.md +++ b/gen/06/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The earth -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Possible meanings are 1) the people who lived on the earth or 2) "The earth itself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# was corrupt -* **The earth was corrupt before God** - "The earth was spoiled in God's sight" or "God saw that the earth had become very bad." Possible meanings are 1) all the people on the earth were very bad or 2) everything on earth had become very bad. -* **and it was filled with violence** - This can be translated as "and the earth was filled with violent people" or "and violent people were all over the earth" or "because it was full of people who were acting violently toward each other." -* **all flesh** - This refers to human beings. -* **had corrupted their way** - This means "they stopped living the way God wanted" or "they behaved in an evil way" (UDB). +The people doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were food that has become rotten. AT: "was rotten" or "was completely evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before God + +Possible meanings are 1) "in God's sight" or 2) "in the presence of Yahweh" as in [Genesis 4:16](../04/16.md). + +# and it was filled with violence + +The writer speaks of violence as if it were something that could be put into a container and of the earth as a container. AT: "and there were very many violent people on the earth" or "because it was full of people who did evil things to each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# all flesh + +Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# had corrupted their way + +How a person behaves is spoken of as if it were a way or road. AT: "had stopped living the way God wanted" or "had behaved in an evil way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/13.md b/gen/06/13.md index 42af5b1e6d..d56ba7e53e 100644 --- a/gen/06/13.md +++ b/gen/06/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# all flesh -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# the earth is filled with violence through them -* **all flesh** - This refers primarily to human beings. -* **the earth is filled with violence through them** - "the earth is filled with violence because of them" -* **I will destroy them with the earth** - “I will destroy both them and the earth” or “I will destroy them when I destroy the earth.” -* **an ark** - This can be translated as "a large box" or "a ship" or "a barge." It would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. -* **cypress wood** - This can be translated as "wood used for building boats" or "good wood" or with the name of a tree that people use for making boats. People do not know exactly what kind of tree this was. -* **cover it with pitch** - "spread pitch on it" or "paint tar on it." The reason for doing this can be made explicit: “to make it waterproof” (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **pitch** - This is a thick, sticky or oily liquid that people put on a boat to stop water from going through gaps in the wood into the boat. -* **cubit** - A "cubit" was a little less than half a meter long. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **three hundred cubits** - "138 meters." You may use the Hebrew measuring units from the ULB or the metric units from the UDB or your own culture's units if you know how they compare to the metric units. You may also write a footnote that says "Three hundred cubits is about 138 meters." -* **fifty cubits** - "twenty-three meters" -* **thirty cubits** - "fourteen meters" +"people everywhere on earth are violent" + +# I will destroy them with the earth + +"I will destroy both them and the earth" or "I will destroy them when I destroy the earth" + +# an ark + +This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. "a large boat" or "a ship" or "a barge" + +# cypress wood + +People do not know exactly what kind of tree this was. "wood used for building boats" or "good wood" + +# cover it with pitch + +The reason for doing this can be made explicit. AT: "spread pitch on it" or "paint tar on it" or "cover it with pitch to make it waterproof" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pitch + +This is a thick, sticky or oily liquid that people put on the outside of a boat to stop water from going through gaps in the wood into the boat. + +# cubits + +A cubit was a unit of measure, a little less than half a meter long. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# three hundred cubits + +"138 meters." You may use the Hebrew measuring units from the ULB or the metric units from the UDB or your own culture's units if you know how they compare to the metric units. You may also write a footnote that says: "Three hundred cubits is about 138 meters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# fifty cubits + +"twenty-three meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# thirty cubits + +"fourteen meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/16.md b/gen/06/16.md index 8667ace1a5..9654f3f860 100644 --- a/gen/06/16.md +++ b/gen/06/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# a roof for the ark -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +This was probably a peaked or slanted roof. Its purpose was to protect everything in the ark from the rain. -## translationNotes +# cubit -* **a roof for the ark** - This was probably a peaked or slanted roof. Its purpose was to protect everything in the ark from the rain. -* **cubit** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:06:13]]. -* **a lower, a second, and a third deck** - This can be translated as "a lower deck, a middle deck, and an upper deck" or "three decks inside" (UDB) or "three levels." -* **deck** - This can be translated as "floor" or "story" or "level" or "room." -* **Listen** - This can be translated as "Pay attention" or "Listen to what I am saying." God said this in order to emphasize that he would do what he was about to say. -* **all flesh that has in it the breath of life** - "everything that lives" (UDB). The phrase "that has in it the breath of life" is a figurative way of saying "that lives." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +A cubit was a little less than half a meter long. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# a lower, a second, and a third deck + +"a lower deck, a middle deck, and an upper deck" or "three decks inside" + +# deck + +"floor" or "level" + +# Listen + +God said this in order to emphasize that he would do what he was about to say. "Pay attention" or "Listen to what I am saying" + +# I am about to bring the flood of waters + +In some languages it may b e better to say "to send" instead of "to bring. It is also possible to avoid the direction and say "to cause." AT: "I am about to send a flood of waters" or "I am about to cause a flood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# all flesh + +Here "flesh" represents all physical beings, including humans and animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# that has in it the breath of life + +Here "breath" represents life. AT: "that lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/18.md b/gen/06/18.md index e16babca24..491eadd66b 100644 --- a/gen/06/18.md +++ b/gen/06/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# establish my covenant with you -* [[en:tw:covenant]] +"make a covenant between you and me" -## translationNotes +# with you -* **but I will establish my covenant with you** - This covenant was a promise that God made to Noah. God would fulfill the covenant. He did not require Noah to do anything as part of the covenant. -* **with you** - The word "you" is singular. God was making his covenant with Noah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Of every living creature of all flesh, two of every kind you must bring into the ark** - "You must bring into the ark two of every kind of very living creature" -* **of all flesh** - "of every kind of animal" +with Noah + +# You will come into the ark + +"You will enter the ark." Some translations say "You will go into the ark." + +# Of every living creature of all flesh, two of every kind you must bring into the ark + +"You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature" + +# creature + +an animal God created + +# all flesh + +See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/20.md b/gen/06/20.md index c95711eeb2..5e1ba95bc7 100644 --- a/gen/06/20.md +++ b/gen/06/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# after their kind -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +"of each different kind" -## translationNotes +# creeping thing of the ground -* **after their kind** - "of each different kind" -* **creeping thing of the ground** - This refers to small animals that move on the ground (UDB). -* **two of every sort** - This refers to two of every kind of bird and animal. -* **you** - The word "you" here is singular and refers to Noah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **food that is eaten** - This can be translated as "food that people and animals eat." -* **So Noah did this. According to all that God commanded him, so he did.** - These two sentences mean the same thing. The second sentence explains the first and emphasizes that Noah obeyed God. AT: "So Noah did everything that God commanded him to do." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This refers to small animals that move on the ground . + +# two of every sort + +This refers to two of every kind of bird and animal. + +# to keep them alive + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "so you can keep them alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to you ... yourself ... you + +These refer to Noah and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# food that is eaten + +"food that people and animals eat" + +# So Noah did this. According to all that God commanded him, so he did + +These two sentences mean the same thing. The second sentence explains the first and emphasizes that Noah obeyed God. These parallel sentences can be combined into one. AT: "So Noah did everything that God commanded him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/intro.md b/gen/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a9f0fbab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Genesis 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Beginning in 6:22, the author gives statements summarizing events he tells about again in the text that follows. In the next chapter, the author sometimes gives summary statements that introduce events for the first time. If these statements, and the surrounding events, are not carefully translated, readers can believe that the same events happened twice or three times instead of only one time. Translators should be careful not to give this impression. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/01.md b/gen/07/01.md index 598d5cc8ea..926fe31ba8 100644 --- a/gen/07/01.md +++ b/gen/07/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +The events in this chapter take place after Noah built the ark, gathered the food, and put it in the ark. -## translationNotes +# Come ... into the ark ... bring -* The events in this chapter take place after Noah built the ark, gathered the food, and put it in the ark. -* **Come…into the ark** - This could be translated as "Go…into the ark" or "Enter the ship." -* **you ** - The word "you" is singular. It refers to Noah (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **your household** - "your family" -* **righteous before me** - This means that God saw Noah as righteous. -* **in this generation** - This refers to all the people who were living at that time. It can be translated as "among all the people who are now living." -* **clean animal** - This was an animal that God allowed people to give him as a sacrifice. -* **animals that are not clean** - These were animals that God did not allow people to offer as sacrifices. -* **to preserve their offspring** - "so that they will have offspring that will live" or "so that, after the flood, animals will continue to live." +"Enter ... into the ark ... take." Many translations read "Go ... into the ark ... take." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# you + +The word "you" refers to Noah and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your household + +"your family" + +# righteous before me + +This means that God saw Noah as righteous. + +# in this generation + +This refers to all the people who were living at that time. AT: "among all the people who are now living" + +# clean animal + +This was an animal that God allowed his people to eat and to sacrifice. + +# animals that are not clean + +These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to sacrifice. + +# to preserve their offspring + +"so that they will have offspring that will live" or "so that, after the flood, animals will continue to live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/04.md b/gen/07/04.md index 9c73e64af2..dbfb599778 100644 --- a/gen/07/04.md +++ b/gen/07/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# forty days and forty nights -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This was a full forty days. It was not a total of eighty days. AT: "forty days and nights" -## translationNotes +# living -* **forty days and forty nights** - This can also be translated as "forty days and nights." This was a forty full days. It was not a total of eighty days. +This refers to physical life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/06.md b/gen/07/06.md index 76d9a61e26..1e1e792470 100644 --- a/gen/07/06.md +++ b/gen/07/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -## translationNotes +# came upon the earth -* 12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [[en:bible:notes:gen:07:01]]. This is not a new event. -* **came upon the earth** - This can be translated as "happened" or "came on the earth." -* **because of the waters of the flood** - This can be translated as "because of the flood that would come" or "to escape the flood water." +"happened" or "came on the earth" + +# because of the waters of the flood + +"because of the flood that would come" or "to escape the flood water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/08.md b/gen/07/08.md index bd5923c343..93821c6763 100644 --- a/gen/07/08.md +++ b/gen/07/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -## translationNotes +# clean animals -* 12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [[en:bible:notes:gen:07:01]]. This is not a new event. -* **clean animals** - These were animals that God allowed people to give to him as sacrifices. -* **unclean animals** - These were animals that God did not allow people to give to him as sacrifices. -* **two by two** - The animals entered the boat in pairs of one male and one female. -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story--the start of the flood. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **after the seven days** - "after seven days" or "seven days later" -* **the water of the flood came upon the earth** - The implicit information that it rained can be made explicit as it is in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +These were animals that God allowed people to eat and to give to him as sacrifices. + +# unclean animals + +These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to give to him as sacrifices. + +# two by two + +The animals entered the boat in pairs of one male and one female. + +# It came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story: the start of the flood. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# after the seven days + +"after seven days" or "seven days later" + +# the waters of the flood came upon the earth + +The implicit information, "it started to rain" can be made explicit. AT: "it started to rain and the waters of the flood came upon the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/11.md b/gen/07/11.md index 33946e003a..cd368993df 100644 --- a/gen/07/11.md +++ b/gen/07/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -## translationNotes +# In the six hundredth year of Noah's life -* 12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [[:en:bible:notes:gen:07:01]]. This is not a new event. -* **second month** - This refers to the second month of the year and not the second month from Noah's birthday. -* **on the same day** - This refers to the specific day when the rain began. This phrase emphasizes how all of these major events happened quickly when the time arrived. -* **the fountains of the great deep burst open** - "water from underground rushed up to the surface" -* **the great deep** - This refers to underground water sources. -* **the windows of heaven were opened** - This can be translated as "the sky opened" or "the doors in the sky opened." It is figurative language that means that the rain in the sky poured down. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the ocean above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were opened, the water came down through them. -* **rain** - If your language has a word for a great amount of rain, it would be appropriate here. +"When Noah was 600 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month + +Since Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the second month of the Hebrew calendar. But this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# on the same day + +This refers to the specific day when the rain began. This phrase emphasizes how all of these major events happened quickly when the time arrived. + +# the fountains of the great deep burst open + +"water from under the earth rushed up to the earth's surface" + +# the great deep + +This refers to the sea that was thought to be under the earth. + +# the windows of heaven were opened + +This refers to rain. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were opened, the water came down through them. AT: "the sky opened" or "the doors in the sky opened" + +# rain + +If your language has a word for a great amount of rain, it would be appropriate here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/13.md b/gen/07/13.md index 5b989c788e..ed4f5b64ff 100644 --- a/gen/07/13.md +++ b/gen/07/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:ham]] -* [[en:tw:japheth]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] +Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -## translationNotes +# On that very same day -* 18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [[en:bible:notes:gen:07:01]]. This is not a new event. -* **On that very same day** - "On that exact day." This refers to the day that the rain started [[:en:bible:notes:gen:07:11]]. Verses 13-16 tell what Noah did immediately before the rain began. -* **wild animal… livestock… creeping thing… bird** - These four groups are listed to show that every kind of animal was included. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. See how you translated these terms in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:24]]. -* **creeping thing** - This refers to animals that crawl on the ground, like rodents, lizards, and snakes. -* **its kind** - "its type" or "its species" or "its variety" +"On that exact day." This refers to the day that the rain started. Verses 13-16 tell what Noah did immediately before the rain began. + +# wild animal ... livestock ... creeping thing ... bird + +These four groups are listed to show that every kind of animal was included. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md). + +# creeping thing + +This refers to animals that crawl on the ground, like rodents, insects, lizards, and snakes. + +# according to its kind + +"so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/15.md b/gen/07/15.md index 25bef189c7..3b917a2139 100644 --- a/gen/07/15.md +++ b/gen/07/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -## translationNotes +# Two of all flesh -* 18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [[en:bible:notes:gen:07:01]]. This is not a new event. -* **two of all flesh in which was the breath of life** - This refers to the animals that were listed in verse 14. -* **in which was the breath of life** - The phrase “in which was the breath of life” is a figurative way of saying “that lived.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **male and female of all flesh** - This could be translated as "male and female of every kind of animal." -* **after them** - This could be made more explicit: "after they entered the ark" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). +Here "flesh" represents animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in which was the breath of life + +Here "breath" represents life. AT: "that lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# came to Noah + +The word "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# of all flesh + +Here "flesh" represents animals. AT: "of every kind of animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# after them + +The full meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "after they entered the ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/17.md b/gen/07/17.md index 82f4a601a2..da92961db9 100644 --- a/gen/07/17.md +++ b/gen/07/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] +Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -## translationNotes +# the water increased -* 18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [[en:bible:notes:gen:07:01]]. This is not a new event. -* **and the water increased** - This happened during the forty days while the water kept coming. This can also be translated as "and the water got very deep." -* **and lifted up the ark** - This can also be translated as "and it caused the ark to float on it." -* **It rose up from upon the earth** - This could be translated as "the ark rose up high over the ground" or "the ark floated on top of the deep water." -* **The water came in torrents** - This could be translated as "the water came very fast and was powerful." +"the water became very deep." This happened during the forty days while the water kept coming. + +# lifted the ark + +"it caused the ark to float" + +# raised it above the earth + +"causes the ark to rise up high over the ground" or "he ark floated on top of the deep water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/19.md b/gen/07/19.md index 4dfd8e8b39..09689593ff 100644 --- a/gen/07/19.md +++ b/gen/07/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The waters rose greatly on the earth -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +"The water totally overwhelmed the earth" -## translationNotes +# fifteen cubits -* **The waters forced themselves higher and higher on the earth** - This can also be translated as "The waters came more and more powerfully on the earth" or "The water totally overwhelmed the earth." -* **the whole heaven** - "the entire sky." -* **fifteen cubits** - "six meters." See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:06:13]]. +"six meters." See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15](../06/13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/21.md b/gen/07/21.md index 3826ca8218..7e0f9f1b7e 100644 --- a/gen/07/21.md +++ b/gen/07/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# moved upon -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +"moved about" or "roamed" -## translationNotes +# all the living creatures that lived in great numbers upon the earth -* **moved** - "moved about" or "roamed" -* **all the swarming creatures that swarmed upon the earth** - This refers to all the animals that move around on the ground in large groups. It can also be translated as "all the animals that creep around on the earth." -* **All beings in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life** - The could also be translated as "all beings that had the breath of life in their noses" or "every creature that breathed." This included animals and humans. -* **all those of the dry land** - "all creatures that lived on dry land." This tells something more about the creatures that had the breath of life. It can also be translated as "and who lived on dry land." +This refers to all the animals that move around on the ground in large groups. + +# who breathed the breath of life through their noses + +Here "noses" represent the whole animal or human. AT: "everyone that breathed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the breath of life + +The words "breath" and "life" represent the power that causes people and animals to be alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# died + +This refers to physical death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/23.md b/gen/07/23.md index 7f10434b7e..0801e40a73 100644 --- a/gen/07/23.md +++ b/gen/07/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So every living thing ... was wiped out -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +If necessary, this can be stated in active form. AT: "So every living thing ... perished" or "So the flood completely destroyed every living thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# They were all destroyed -* **Every living thing…was wiped out** - This sentence tells about what happened to the living things. If necessary, it can be translated with an active clause: "Every living thing…perished" or "The flood completely destroyed every living thing" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]].) -* **They were all destroyed** - This means the same thing as the first sentence. -* **from the earth** - "so that they were not on the earth." -* **and those with him** - "and the people and animals that were with him" -* **were left** - "remained" or "lived" or "remained alive (UDB) -* **The water dominated the earth** - This can be translated as "the deep water covered all the earth" or "the waters remained at full flood like that on the earth (UDB). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God destroyed them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the earth + +"so they were no longer on the earth" + +# those with him + +"the people and animals that were with him" + +# were left + +"remained" or "lived" or "remained alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/intro.md b/gen/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ac2cf0c46b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Genesis 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In this chapter, the author continues his pattern of statements that summarize events already described, and of repeating events that have already happened. Again, careful translation is necessary so that readers do not think that the same events happened more than one time in the story. Special attention in this regard should be given to 7:5,10,13, and 17. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Clean animals and birds ##### + +Noah sacrificed to Yahweh some of the "clean" animals and birds that he had with him (8:20). These were animals and birds that the Hebrew people would later consider to be fit to eat and to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +##### Water underneath and over the earth ##### + +The flood is presented as occurring because of rain pouring out of the sky and because of seawater rising from under the earth. This is because the ancient Hebrews pictured the earth as resting on top of the sea. They also pictured the sky as containing water above the earth that poured down through windows in the sky when God allowed it to rain. Translators should not try to change this picture in order to suit what readers believe about the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/01.md b/gen/08/01.md index e6e3d3f86e..b0e23075ad 100644 --- a/gen/08/01.md +++ b/gen/08/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# considered -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +"remembered" or "thought about" -## translationNotes +# ark -* **considered** - This could be translated as "remembered" or "thought about." -* **The fountains of the deep** - This refers to underground sources of water. -* **the windows of heaven were closed** - This can be translated as “the sky closed” or "the doors in the sky closed." It is figurative language that means that the rain stopped coming down. See how you translated "the windows of heaven opened" in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:07:11]]. -* **The fountains ... and the windows ... were closed** - This can be translated either as "The fountains … and the windows ... closed up" or "Yahweh closed the fountains … and the windows …" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:14](../06/13.md). AT: "a large boat" or "a ship" or "a barge" + +# The fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven were closed + +"The water stopped coming out of the ground and the rain stopped falling." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God closed the fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fountains of the deep + +"water from under the earth." See how this is translated in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md). + +# the windows of heaven were closed + +This refers to the rain stopping. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were closed, the water stopped coming through them. See how "the windows of heaven" is translated in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md). AT: "the sky closed" or "the doors in the sky closed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/04.md b/gen/08/04.md index c92b2ea1d0..c526f241ff 100644 --- a/gen/08/04.md +++ b/gen/08/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# came to rest -* [[en:tw:ararat]] -* [[en:tw:ark]] +"landed" or "stopped on solid ground" -## translationNotes +# in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month ... tenth month -* **came to rest** - "landed" or "stopped on solid ground" -* **the seventh month** - We do not know what time of year this was because we do not know what calendar the author was using. (Different cultures started their year in different seasons.) -* **On the first day of the month** - This could be translated as "on the first day of the tenth month." -* **appeared** - This can be made more explicit as "appeared above the surface of the water." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the seventh month and tenth month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# On the first day of the month + +"On the first day of the tenth month" + +# appeared + +This can be made more explicit: "appeared above the surface of the water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/06.md b/gen/08/06.md index 6d2960c0ca..933c0f7712 100644 --- a/gen/08/06.md +++ b/gen/08/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. AT: "It happened that" -## translationNotes +# It came about ... the window of the ark which he had made -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. This can also be translated as "It happened that." -* **the window of the ark which he had made** - The phrase "which he had made" tells about the "window." Some languages may need to make this relative clause a separate sentence: "Noah had made a window in the boat. It came about after forty days that he opened the window." (See the section on clauses in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]].) -* **raven** - a bird with black feathers that mainly eats the flesh of dead animals that it finds -* **it flew back and forth** - This means that the raven kept leaving the boat and returning. -* **until the water was dried up** - This could be translated as an active clause: "until the wind dried up the water" or "until the water dried up." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The phrase "which he had made" tells about the window. Some languages may need to make this phrase a separate sentence: "Noah had made a window in the boat. It came about after forty days that he opened the window" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# raven + +a black bird that eats mainly the flesh of dead animals + +# it flew back and forth + +This means that the raven kept leaving the boat and returning. + +# until the waters were dried up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until the wind dried up the waters" or "until the waters dried up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/08.md b/gen/08/08.md index 892d876667..452e4ad0b3 100644 --- a/gen/08/08.md +++ b/gen/08/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to rest her foot -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] +"to land" or "to perch." It means to land on something in order to rest from flying. -## translationNotes +# her foot ... she returned ... and brought her -* **to rest her foot** - "to land" or "to perch." It means to land on something in order to rest from flying. -* **her foot … she returned … and brought her** - The word "dove" is feminine in the author's language. You could translate these phrases with the pronouns "its … it … it" or "his … he … him," depending on how you refer to a dove. -* **he … him** - If you use masculine pronouns for the word "dove," you may need to insert Noah's name here to avoid confusion: "Noah sent out a dove", "Noah stretched forth his hand", etc… +The word "dove" is feminine in the author's language. You could translate these phrases with the pronouns "its ... it ... it" or "his ... he ... him," depending on how your language refers to a dove. + +# he ... him + +If you use masculine pronouns for the word "dove," you may need to insert Noah's name here to avoid confusion: "Noah sent out a dove," "Noah stretched forth his hand," etc. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/10.md b/gen/08/10.md index 8e3d40380a..628ecaa6e4 100644 --- a/gen/08/10.md +++ b/gen/08/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] +"Pay attention" or "This is important" -## translationNotes +# a freshly plucked olive leaf -* **Behold** - The word "behold" here tells us to pay attention to the important information that comes next. -* **freshly plucked** - "freshly picked" or "newly picked" -* **He waited another seven days** - "He waited a second seven days" -* **She did not return again to him** - If people would not understand, you could state the reason explicitly: "She did not return again to him because she found a place to land." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"a leaf that she had just plucked from an olive tree" + +# plucked + +"broken off" + +# He waited another seven days + +"He again waited for seven days" + +# She did not return again to him + +If people would not understand, you could state the reason explicitly: "She did not return again to him because she found a place to land." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/13.md b/gen/08/13.md index 0204ce10b7..076fb1d39d 100644 --- a/gen/08/13.md +++ b/gen/08/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# in the six hundred and first year -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your langauge has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in the six hundred and first year** - "in the six hundred and first year of Noah's life" -* **the waters were dried up from off the earth** - You could make this active by translating it "the waters covering the earth dried up" or "the wind dried up the waters covering the earth." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **the covering of the ark** - This refers to a cover that kept the rain water out of the are. -* **behold** - The word "behold" tells us to pay attention to the important information that comes next. -* **In the second month on the twenty-seventh day of the month** - seventh day of the month** - "on the twenty seventh day of the second month" -* **the earth was dry** - This can be translated as "the ground was completely dry." (UDB) +"when Noah was 601 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the first month, on the first day of the month + +Since Moses wrote this book it is possible he is referring to the first month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the waters were dried up from off the earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the waters covering the earth dried up" or "the wind dried up the waters covering the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). + +# the covering of the ark + +This refers to a cover that kept the rain water from going into the ark. + +# behold + +The word "behold" tells us to pay attention to the important information that comes next. + +# In the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month + +"On the twenty seventh day of the second month." This may refer to the second month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the earth was dry + +"the ground was completely dry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/15.md b/gen/08/15.md index df8753388b..930f7a5ea0 100644 --- a/gen/08/15.md +++ b/gen/08/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Go out ... Take out -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +"Leave ... Take." Some translations read "Come out ... Bring out." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## translationNotes +# every living creature of all flesh -* **Come out** - This can be translated as "Go out." -* **every living creature of all flesh** - "every kind of living creature." -* **abound** - This could be translated as "swarm." -* **be fruitful and multiply** - This can be translated "reproduce greatly" or "have many offspring". This is the same command God gave to the first people in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:28]]. -* **be fruitful** - "have offspring" or "produce young" -* **multiply** - "increase greatly in number" or "become many" +"every kind of living creature." See how "all flesh" is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/11.md). + +# be fruitful, and multiply + +This is an idiom. See how this is translated in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). God wanted the humans and animals to reproduce, so there would be many of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/18.md b/gen/08/18.md index 227b8acfa4..e671a2fb8f 100644 --- a/gen/08/18.md +++ b/gen/08/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Noah went out -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +Some translations read "Noah came out." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## translationNotes +# according to their families -* **according to their families** - This can be translated as "in groups of their own kinds." +"in groups of their own kinds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/20.md b/gen/08/20.md index 4057d326b0..65c9b0477b 100644 --- a/gen/08/20.md +++ b/gen/08/20.md @@ -1,28 +1,63 @@ -## translationWords +# built an altar to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"built an altar dedicated to Yahweh" or "built an altar for worshiping Yahweh." He may have built it with stones. -## translationNotes +# clean animals ... clean birds -* **built an altar to Yahweh** - "built an altar dedicated to Yahweh" or "built an altar for worshiping Yahweh". He may have built it with stones. -* **clean animals … clean birds** - "Clean" means that God allowed these animals to be used in sacrifice. Some animals were not used for sacrifices and were called "unclean." -* **offered burnt offerings** - This can be translated as "burnt the animals as offerings to Yahweh." Noah killed the animals and then completely burned them up as an offering to God. -* **curse the ground** - "do very serious harm to the earth" (see: UDB) -* **because of mankind** - This can be made more explicit: "because mankind is sinful." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the inclination of their hearts** - "their tendency" or "their habit" -* **the inclination of their hearts is evil from childhood** - "from their earliest years they tend to do evil things" or "even when they are young, they want to do evil things" -* **from childhood** - This refers to an older child and can be translated as "from their youth." -* **pleasing aroma** - This refers to the smell of the roasted meat. -* **While the earth remains** - "while the earth lasts" or "as long as the earth exists" -* **seed time** - "the season for planting" -* **cold and heat, summer and winter** - These expressions both refer to two major times in the year in terms of weather. Translators may use local expressions for referring to times of the year. -* **summer** - the hot, dry time of the year -* **winter** - the cool, wet time of the year -* **will not cease** - "will not cease to exist" or "will not cease to occur." This can also be translated as "will continue." +Here "clean" means that God allowed these animals to be used in sacrifice. Some animals were not used for sacrifices and were called "unclean." + +# offered burnt offerings + +Noah killed the animals and then completely burned them up as an offering to God. AT: "burned the animals as offerings to Yahweh" + +# pleasing aroma + +This refers to the good smell of the roasted meat. + +# said in his heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to God's thoughts and emotions. + +# curse the ground + +"do very serious harm to the earth" + +# because of mankind + +This can be made more explicit: "because mankind is sinful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the intentions of their hearts is evil from childhood + +"from their earliest years they tend to do evil things" or "when they are young, they want to do evil things" + +# the intentions of their hearts + +Here the word "hearts" refers to people's thoughts, emotions, desires, and will. AT: "their tendency" or "their habit" + +# from childhood + +This refers to an older child. AT: "from their youth" + +# While the earth remains + +"While the earth lasts" or "As long as the earth exists" + +# seed time + +"the season for planting" + +# cold and heat, summer and winter + +These expressions both refer to two major weather conditions in the year. Translators may use local expressions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# summer + +the hot, dry time of the year + +# winter + +the cool, wet or snowy time of the year + +# will not cease + +"will not cease to exist" or "will not cease to occur." This can be expressed in a positive manner. AT: "will continue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/intro.md b/gen/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4eaff63f19 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:22, which is the poetic part of the quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Flood waters ##### +The waters receded after this great flood. Because there was so much water, and it came from God, it is described in a unique way. + +##### The mountains of Ararat ##### +It is unclear where Ararat was located. Many people believe it is located in the modern country of Turkey. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 08 01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/01.md b/gen/09/01.md index b04b48e4d0..cff8606b08 100644 --- a/gen/09/01.md +++ b/gen/09/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +This is God's blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." See how you translated these commands in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# The fear of you and the dread of you will be upon every living animal ... and upon all the fish of the sea -* **Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth** - See how you translated these commands in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:28]]. -* **The fear of you and the dread of you** - The words "fear" and "dread" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how afraid the animals will be of mankind. AT: "A dreadful fear of you" or "A terrible fear of you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **dread** - terror that comes from the threat of an enemy -* **every living animal** - This is the first of the four groups that includes large animals, birds, creatures that are low to the ground, and fish. It is not a summary group that includes the other three kinds of living things. -* **bird** - This is a general term for things that fly. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:20]]. -* **upon everything that goes low on the ground** - This includes all types of small animals. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:24]]. -* **They are given into your hand** - "They are given into your control." This can be translated with an active verb: "I put them into your control." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The writer speaks of fear and dread as if they were physical objects that could be upon the animals. AT: "Every living animal ... and all the fish of the sea will be dreadfully afraid of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The fear of you and the dread of you + +The words "fear" and "dread" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how afraid the animals will be of mankind. AT: "A dreadful fear of you" or "A terrible fear of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# every living animal on the earth + +This is the first of the four categories of animals that the writer lists, and not a summary of the rest of the animals that he mentions next. + +# bird + +This is a general term for things that fly. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:21](../01/20.md). + +# upon everything that goes low on the ground + +This includes all types of small animals. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:25](../01/24.md). + +# They are given into your hand + +The hand represents control. This can be made active. AT: "They are given into your control" or "I have put them under your control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/03.md b/gen/09/03.md index 21df68be3f..d18fb3b659 100644 --- a/gen/09/03.md +++ b/gen/09/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -## translationNotes +# life ... blood -* God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -* **life … blood** - Translators may add a footnote such as this: "The blood is a symbol for life." They may also add a foot note saying something like this: "God commanded people not to eat meat while the blood was still in it. They had to drain out the blood first." +Translators may add a footnote such as this: "The blood is a symbol for life." They may also add a footnote that says something like this: "God was commanding people not to eat meat while the blood was still in it. They had to drain out the blood first." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/05.md b/gen/09/05.md index f97d31e079..680487a988 100644 --- a/gen/09/05.md +++ b/gen/09/05.md @@ -1,22 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:imageofgod]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:multiply]] +God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -## translationNotes +# But for your blood -* God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -* **But for your blood** - This contrasts man's blood with the blood of animals in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:09:01]]. -* **your blood, the life that is in your blood,** - It is implied that the blood is shed, or poured out, or spilled out. This could be made explicit as "if anyone causes your blood to pour out" or "if anyone spills your blood." This is also a metaphor for killing someone. It is possible to translate it as "if anyone kills you," but it would be good to leave "blood" in the text. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will require payment** - “I will require anyone who kills you to pay.” This payment does not refer to money, but to the death of the murderer. -* **From the hand of every animal, I will require it** - “I will require any animal that takes your life to pay” -* **From the hand of any man, that is, from the hand of one who has murdered his brother, I will require an accounting for the life of that man** - This can be translated as "I will require anyone who takes the life of another person to pay" -* **From the hand of** - This phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. This could be translated as "from that very man." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **whoever sheds man's blood, by man will his blood be shed** - The shedding of blood is a metaphor for killing someone. This means that if a person murders someone, someone else must kill the murderer. However, "blood" is very significant in this passage and should be used in the translation if possible. Translate "sheds blood" with words that indicate a major loss of blood that causes death. -* **for it was in the image of God that he made man ** - "because God made people to be like him." Since God was speaking, this can also be translated as "because I made people in my own image." -* **be fruitful and multiply** - See how you translated these commands in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:28]]. +This contrasts man's blood with the blood of animals ([Genesis 9:4](./01.md)). + +# for your blood, the life that is in your blood + +It is implied that the blood is shed, or poured out, or spilled out. AT: "if anyone causes your blood to pour out" or "if anyone spills your blood" or "if anyone kills you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# life + +This refers to physical life. + +# I will require payment + +This payment refers to the death of the murderer, not to money. AT: "I will require anyone who kills you to pay" + +# from the hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to the one who is responsible for something happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# From the hand of every animal I will require it + +"I will require any animal that takes your life to pay" + +# From the hand of any man, that is, from the hand of one who has murdered his brother, I will require an accounting for the life of that man + +"I will require anyone who takes the life of another person to pay" + +# From the hand of + +This phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. AT: "From that very man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# brother + +Here "brother" is used as a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group. + +# Whoever sheds man's blood, by man will his blood be shed + +The shedding of blood is a metaphor for killing someone. This means that if a person murders someone, someone else must kill the murderer. However, "blood" is very significant in this passage and should be used in the translation if possible. Translate "sheds blood" with words that indicate a major loss of blood that causes death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for it was in the image of God that he made man + +"because God made people to be like him" or "because I made people in my own image" + +# be fruitful and multiply + +This is God's blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/08.md b/gen/09/08.md index ed35b63f6f..b15f1ff380 100644 --- a/gen/09/08.md +++ b/gen/09/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +God was already speaking to them. This phrase marks a change in what God was going to speak about. AT: "God continued speaking to Noah and his sons" or "Then God went on to say" -## translationNotes +# As for me -* **Then God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him** - God was already speaking to them. This phrase marks a change in what God was going to speak about. It can also be translated as "God continued speaking to Noah and his sons" or "Then God went on to say." -* **As for me** - This phrase is used in English to mark the change from God talking about what Noah and his sons must do to talking about what God would do. -* **I am going to establish my covenant with you** - This can be translated as “I will make a solemn promise to you." In this covenant, God made a promise, but he did not require Noah to do anything. +This phrase is used in English to mark the change from God talking about what Noah and his sons must do to talking about what God would do. + +# confirm my covenant with you + +"make a covenant between you and me." See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/11.md b/gen/09/11.md index c870ea2d33..d6478fc378 100644 --- a/gen/09/11.md +++ b/gen/09/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -## translationNotes +# I hereby confirm my covenant with you -* God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -* **I hereby establish my covenant with you** - "By saying this, I make my covenant with you." -* **establish my covenant with you** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:09:08]]. -* **Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth** - "There will never again be a flood that destroys the earth." There would be floods, but they would not destroy the whole earth. -* **covenant…for all future generations** - The covenant applies to Noah and his family and also to all generations that follow. +"By saying this, I make my covenant with you." See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md). + +# all flesh + +Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth + +"There will never again be a flood that destroys the earth." There would be floods, but they would not destroy the whole earth. + +# sign + +This means a reminder of something that was promised. + +# covenant ... for all future generations + +The covenant applies to Noah and his family and also to all generations that follow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/14.md b/gen/09/14.md index c52b3b9730..7bcadc5f10 100644 --- a/gen/09/14.md +++ b/gen/09/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] +God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -## translationNotes +# It will come about when -* God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -* **It will come about when** - This can be translated as "Whenever." It is something that would happen many times. -* **I will call to mind my covenant** - This does not mean that God would first forget. It can also be translated as "I will think about my covenant." -* **me and you** - The word "you" is plural. God was speaking to Noah and Noah's sons. -* **every living creature of all flesh** - This can be translated as "every kind of living being." +"Whenever." It is something that would happen many times. + +# the rainbow is seen + +It is not clear who will see the rainbow, but because the covenant is between Yahweh and people, if you need to say who it is who will see the rainbow, it would be best to name both Yahweh and people. This can be translated in active form. AT: "people and I see the rainbow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# rainbow + +the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer + +# I will call to mind my covenant + +This does not mean that God would first forget. AT: "I will think about my covenant" + +# me and you + +The word "you" is plural. God was speaking to Noah and Noah's sons. + +# every living creature of all flesh + +"every kind of living being" + +# all flesh + +Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/16.md b/gen/09/16.md index 50306867ac..55d8d1e2df 100644 --- a/gen/09/16.md +++ b/gen/09/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -## translationNotes +# in order to remember -* God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -* **in order to commemorate** - "in order to remember" or "in order to think about" -* **between God and every living creature** - Since God was speaking, this can also be translated as "between me and every living creature." -* **every living creature of all flesh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:09:14]]. -* **Then God said to Noah** - God was already talking to Noah. This phrase marks the final part of what God was saying. It can also be translated as "God finished by saying to Noah" or "So God said to Noah." +"so that I will remember" or "so that I will think about" + +# between God and every living creature + +God is speaking here. AT: "between me and every living creature" + +# every living creature of all flesh + +"every kind of living being." See how you translated this in [Genesis 9:15](./14.md). + +# Then God said to Noah + +God was already talking to Noah. This phrase marks the final part of what God was saying. AT: "God finished by saying to Noah" or "So God said to Noah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/18.md b/gen/09/18.md index 14f9642298..16c07eada5 100644 --- a/gen/09/18.md +++ b/gen/09/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:ham]] -* [[en:tw:japheth]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] +Verses 18-19 introduce the three sons of Noah, who will be an important part of the next story. -## translationNotes +# father -* 19 introduce the three sons of Noah, who will be an important part of the next story. +Ham was Canaan's true father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/20.md b/gen/09/20.md index 1d1eb36e89..d427714121 100644 --- a/gen/09/20.md +++ b/gen/09/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# farmer -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +"man of the soil" -## translationNotes +# became drunk -* **farmer** - "man of the soil" -* **became drunk** - "drank too much wine." -* **uncovered** - The text is not specific about how much of Noah's body was uncovered as he lay drunk. His sons' reactions show us that it was shameful. +"drank too much wine" + +# uncovered + +The text does not specify how much of Noah's body was uncovered as he lay drunk. His sons' reactions show us that it was shameful. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/22.md b/gen/09/22.md index 1ed9b9634b..8c696b0160 100644 --- a/gen/09/22.md +++ b/gen/09/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# his father -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:ham]] - -## translationNotes - -* **his father** - This refers to Noah. +This refers to Noah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/24.md b/gen/09/24.md index 42079a406e..3ba9a50a6a 100644 --- a/gen/09/24.md +++ b/gen/09/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +In verses 25-27 Noah pronounced a curse on Ham's son and blessings on Ham's brothers. What Noah said about them also applied to their descendants, as shown in the UDB. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* 27 Noah pronounced a curse on Ham's son and blessings on Ham's brothers. What Noah said about them also applied to their descendants, as shown in the UDB. -* Alternate phrases in these verses are indented to show that this is poetry. If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry. -* **awoke from his drunkeness** - "became sober" -* **his youngest son** - This refers to Ham. It can also be translated as "his youngest son, Ham." -* **a servant to his brothers' servants** - "the lowest servant of his brothers" or "the least important servant of his brothers" -* **cursed be Canaan** - This can also be translated as "I curse Canaan" or "May bad things happen to Canaan." -* **Canaan** - This was one of Ham's sons. It can also be translated as "Ham's son Canaan." -* **his brothers** - This could refer either to Canaan's brothers or to his relatives in general. Verses [[:en:bible:notes:gen:09:26]] refer to Canaan's relationship to his uncles, Shem and Japheth. +Alternate phrases in these verses are indented to show that this is poetry. If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry. + +# awoke from his drunkenness + +"became sober" + +# his youngest son + +This refers to Ham. AT: "his youngest son, Ham" + +# Cursed be Canaan + +"I curse Canaan" or "May bad things happen to Canaan" + +# Canaan + +This was one of Ham's sons. AT: "Ham's son Canaan" + +# a servant to his brothers' servants + +"the lowest servant of his brothers" or "the least important servant of his brothers" + +# his brothers + +This could refer either to Canaan's brothers or to his relatives in general. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/26.md b/gen/09/26.md index a0a6c6f49c..4909311561 100644 --- a/gen/09/26.md +++ b/gen/09/26.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:japheth]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry. -## translationNotes +# May Yahweh, the God of Shem, be blessed -* If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry. -* **May Yahweh...be blessed** - This can also be translated as "Praised be Yahweh" or "Yahweh is worthy of praise" or "I praise Yahweh" (UDB). -* **May Canaan be his servant** - "And let Canaan be Shem's servant." This includes Canaan's and Shem's descendants. -* **May God enlarge Japheth** - Possible meanings are 1) "May God make Japheth's territory larger" (UDB) or 2) "May God cause Japheth to have many descendants." -* **And let him dwell in the tents of Shem** - This can be translated as "And let him leave peacefully with Shem." This includes Japheth's and Shem's descendants. -* **May Canaan be his servant** - "Let Canaan be Japheth's servant." This includes Canaan's and Japheth's descendants. +"Praised be Yahweh, the God of Shem," or "Yahweh, the God of Shem, is worthy of praise" or "I praise Yahweh, the God of Shem" + +# May Canaan be his servant + +"And let Canaan be Shem's servant." This includes Canaan's and Shem's descendants. + +# May God extend the territory of Japheth + +Possible meanings are 1) "May God make Japheth's territory larger" or 2) "May God cause Japheth to have many descendants." + +# let him make his home in the tents of Shem + +"let him leave peacefully with Shem." This includes Japheth's and Shem's descendants. + +# May Canaan be his servant + +"Let Canaan be Japheth's servant." This includes Canaan's and Japheth's descendants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/28.md b/gen/09/28.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6e2e4bcefd..0000000000 --- a/gen/09/28.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] - -## translationNotes - -* (There are no notes for these verses.) diff --git a/gen/09/intro.md b/gen/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..35dd88d6ee --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Genesis 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 9:6-7, which is the poetic part of the quotation. They also set apart 9:25-27 which contain two quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Man's relationship to animals ##### +There is a noticeable shift in man's relationship with the animals on the earth. Before the flood, there apparently was harmony between man and the animals. After the flood, the animals fear man and man is permitted to eat the animals, something he was not allowed to do previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +##### Life in the blood ##### +This chapter introduces the concept that there is life in the blood of an animal and in man. In Hebrew thought, blood represents the life present in a living thing. This is an image used throughout Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) + +##### Covenant with Noah ##### +God made a covenant with Noah. This covenant was an unconditional promise God made to never destroy the whole world with a flood. Rainbows are a perpetual sign of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### A father's nakedness ##### +In Noah's culture, it was unacceptable to see a father's nakedness. It was wrong for Ham to show his brothers their father's nakedness. Ham's actions were insulting or disrespectful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth" ##### +This is a command that God gives. He expects Noah to obey him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 09 01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/01.md b/gen/10/01.md index 72dd5c5840..dbdc94c0d4 100644 --- a/gen/10/01.md +++ b/gen/10/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# These were the descendants of the sons of Noah -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:ham]] -* [[en:tw:japheth]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] - -## translationNotes - -* **These are the descendants of the sons of Noah** - This sentence introduces the account of Noah's descendants in Genesis 10:1-11:9. It could be translated as “This is the account of Noah's sons.” +"This is the account of Noah's sons." This sentence introduces the account of Noah's descendants in Genesis 10:1-11:9. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/02.md b/gen/10/02.md index 7fa5f61d85..fcec9dbb28 100644 --- a/gen/10/02.md +++ b/gen/10/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# From these the coastland peoples separated and went into their lands -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:meshech]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:tubal]] +"Javan's sons and descendants separated and moved to the coastlands and islands" -## translationNotes +# coastland peoples -* **From these** - "from the sons of Javan" -* **coastland peoples** - This refers to people who lived along the coast and on the islands. -* **their lands** - "their homelands." These are the places that the people moved to and lived in. -* **From these the coastland peoples separated and went into their lands** - This can also be translated as "Javan's sons and descendants separated and moved to the coastlands and islands." -* **every one** - "every people group" -* **every one with its own language** - This can be translated as "Each people group spoke its own language" or "The people groups divided themselves according to their languages". +This refers to people who lived along the coast and on the islands. + +# their lands + +"their homelands." These are the places that the people moved to and lived in. + +# every one with its own language + +"Each people group spoke its own language" or "The people groups divided themselves according to their languages" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/06.md b/gen/10/06.md index dd4d841591..96076fb3a6 100644 --- a/gen/10/06.md +++ b/gen/10/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Mizraim -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Mizraim** - Mizraim is the Hebrew name for “Egypt.” +Mizraim is the Hebrew name for "Egypt." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/08.md b/gen/10/08.md index 566ee4c3aa..723380f494 100644 --- a/gen/10/08.md +++ b/gen/10/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# conqueror -* [[en:tw:babel]] -* [[en:tw:shinar]] +Possible meanings are 1) "mighty warrior" or 2) "mighty man" or 3) "powerful ruler." -## translationNotes +# before Yahweh -* **before Yahweh** - This can be translated as "in Yahweh's sight." -* **The first centers** - Possible meanings are 1) the first centers he developed or 2) the important cities. -* **That is why it is said** - This can be translated as "This is the reason people say." It introduces a proverb. Your language may introduce proverbs and sayings in a different way. +Possible meanings are 1) "in Yahweh's sight" or 2) "with Yahweh's help" + +# That is why it is said + +This introduces a proverb. Your language may introduce proverbs and sayings in a different way. AT: "This is the reason people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# The first centers + +Possible meanings are 1) the first centers he developed or 2) the important cities. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/11.md b/gen/10/11.md index 76c54c528f..4741dc6b72 100644 --- a/gen/10/11.md +++ b/gen/10/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he went to Assyria -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +"Nimrod went into Assyria" -## translationNotes +# Mizraim became -* **he went to Assyria** - "Nimrod went into Assyria" -* **Mizraim became** - The list of Noah's descendants continues. -* **Mizraim** - Mizraim was one of Ham's sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt. Mizraim is the Hebrew name for “Egypt.” +The list of Noah's descendants continues. + +# Mizraim + +Mizraim was one of Ham's sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt. Mizraim is the Hebrew name for Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/15.md b/gen/10/15.md index a23d4128b9..d9a032b4b4 100644 --- a/gen/10/15.md +++ b/gen/10/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Jebusites ... Amorites ... Girgashites -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:girgashites]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Jebusites ... Amorites ... Girgashites…** - These names refer to larger groups of people that descended from Canaan. +These names refer to larger groups of people that descended from Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/19.md b/gen/10/19.md index 30b32759c2..a57d61f7d7 100644 --- a/gen/10/19.md +++ b/gen/10/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# border -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:ham]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +"territory" or "border of their territory" -## translationNotes +# from Sidon, in the direction of Gerar, as far as Gaza -* **border** - This could be translated as "territory." -* **from Sidon, in the direction of Gerar, as far as Gaza** - The direction south can be stated explicitly if needed: “from Sidon and went in the direction of Gerar in the south as far as Gaza town” or "from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]].) -* **and as you go toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha** - The direction "east" or "inland" can be stated explicitly if needed: "and then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim towns, as far as Lasha” or "and then inland toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha” -* **These are the sons of Ham** - The word "these" refers to the people and people groups who were listed in verses 6-19. -* **by their languages** - "broken up according to their different languages" -* **in their lands** - "in their homelands" +The direction south can be stated explicitly if needed. AT: "from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as one goes toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim, as far as Lasha + +The direction "east" or "inland" can be stated explicitly if needed. AT: "then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim towns, as far as Lasha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# These were the sons of Ham + +The word "these" refers to the people and people groups who were listed in verses [Genesis 6-19](./06.md). + +# by their languages + +"broken up according to their different languages" + +# in their lands + +"in their homelands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/21.md b/gen/10/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index 60744763f5..0000000000 --- a/gen/10/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:japheth]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] - -## translationNotes - -* (There are no notes for this page.) diff --git a/gen/10/24.md b/gen/10/24.md index 060f3a07fc..8246a19468 100644 --- a/gen/10/24.md +++ b/gen/10/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Arphaxad +Arphaxad was one of Shem's sons. -## translationNotes +# Peleg -* **Arpachshad** - Arpachshad was one of Shem's sons. -* **Peleg** - Translators may add a footnote note that says: "The name Peleg means 'division.'" -* **the earth was divided** - This can be translated as "the people of the earth divided themselves" or "the people of the earth separated from one another." +Translators may add a footnote note that says: "The name Peleg means 'division.'" + +# the earth was divided + +This can be made active. AT: "the people of the earth divided themselves" or "the people of the earth separated from one another" or "God divided the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/26.md b/gen/10/26.md index 37d4c87bd5..8bfe1148d5 100644 --- a/gen/10/26.md +++ b/gen/10/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Joktan +Joktan was one of Eber's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# All these -* **Joktan** - Joktan was one of Eber's sons. -* **All of these** - This refers back to the sons in verses 26-29. +"These" here refers to the sons of Joktan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/30.md b/gen/10/30.md index d6ef12365a..d4739ae18b 100644 --- a/gen/10/30.md +++ b/gen/10/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Their territory -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] +"The land they controlled" or "The land they lived in" -## translationNotes +# These were the sons of Shem -* **Their territory** - This can be translated as "The land they controlled" or "The land they lived in." -* **These are the sons of Shem** - The word "these" refers back to the sons listed in verses 21-29. +The word "these" refers to the descendants of Shem ([Genesis 10:21-29](./21.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/32.md b/gen/10/32.md index 14dcf4acbb..74f24dfdd3 100644 --- a/gen/10/32.md +++ b/gen/10/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# These were the clans -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] +This refers back to all the people listed in [Genesis 10:1-31](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# according to -* **These are the clans** - This refers back to all the people listed in chapter 10. -* **according to** - "listed by" -* **From these the nations separated and went over the earth** - "From these clans the nations divided and spread over the earth" or "These clans divided from each other and formed the nations of the earth" -* **after the flood** - This can be made more explicit: "after the flood destroyed the earth" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). +"listed by" + +# From these the nations separated and went over the earth + +"From these clans the nations divided and spread over the earth" or "These clans divided from each other and formed the nations of the earth" + +# after the flood + +This can be stated clearly or more explicitly. AT: "after the flood destroyed the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/intro.md b/gen/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cdddb227d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Genesis 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a genealogical record. It also records the location of ancient people groups. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Assyria and Nineveh ##### +While these places may be located in the same area as the Assyria mentioned later in Scripture, they are not the same kingdom. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Sons were born to" ##### +This is an unusual phrase meaning "were sons of." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/01.md b/gen/11/01.md index f2abc406a6..21fb93df0b 100644 --- a/gen/11/01.md +++ b/gen/11/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:shinar]] +This word shows that the writer is beginning a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# the whole earth -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. -* **the whole earth** - This refers all the people on the earth. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **used one language and had the same words** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that all people spoke the same language. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **journeyed** - This could be translated as "migrated" or "moved around." -* **in the east** - Possible meanings are 1) "in the east" or 2) "from the east" or 3) "to the east." The preferred choice is "in the east" because Shinar is to the east of where scholars believe the ark came to rest. -* **settled** - This means that they stopped moving from one place to another and began to live at one location. +This represents all the people on the earth. AT: "all the people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# used one language and had the same words + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that all people spoke the same language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# journeyed + +"migrated" or "moved around" + +# in the east + +Possible meanings are 1) "in the east" or 2) "from the east" or 3) "to the east." The preferred choice is "in the east" because Shinar is to the east of where scholars believe the ark came to rest. + +# settled + +stopped moving from one place to another and began to live at one location \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/03.md b/gen/11/03.md index 2afd24dd91..bc79adc519 100644 --- a/gen/11/03.md +++ b/gen/11/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Come +If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English "Come on!" you might use it here. -## translationNotes +# bake them thoroughly -* **bake them thoroughly** - People make bricks out of clay and heat them in a very hot oven to make them hard and strong. -* **tar** - a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground -* **mortar** - a thick substance made of lime powder, clay, sand, and water. People use it to make stones or bricks stick together. (Lime is a powder made from burning white stones or shells.) -* **let us make a name for ourselves** - "let us make our reputation great" -* **name** - "reputation" -* **we will be scattered** - "we will separate from each other and go live in different places" +People make bricks out of clay and heat them in a very hot oven to make them hard and strong. + +# tar + +a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground + +# mortar + +This is a thick substance made of lime powder, clay, sand, and water used to make stones or bricks stick together. + +# let us make a name for ourselves + +"let us make our reputation great" + +# name + +"reputation" + +# we will be scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will separate from each other and live in different places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/05.md b/gen/11/05.md index 59c790e87d..94b560dcd9 100644 --- a/gen/11/05.md +++ b/gen/11/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# the descendants of Adam -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the people" -## translationNotes +# came down -* **the descendants of Adam** - This can be translated as "the people." -* **came down** - The information about where he came down from can be made explicit: "came down from heaven." This does not tell how he came down. Use a general word meaning "came down." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **to see** - "to observe" or "to look more closely" -* **one people with the same language** - All the people were one big group and they all spoke the same language. -* **nothing that they intend to do will be impossible for them** - This double negative can also be translated as: "anything they intend to do will be possible for them." It can also be translated as "they will be able to do anything they want to do." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]]) -* **let us go down** - The word “us” is plural even though it refers to God. Some translate it as "let me go down" or “I will go down.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See the note on "Let us make" in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:26]].) ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) -* **confuse their language** - This could also be translated "mix up their language." This means that Yahweh would cause the people all over the earth to stop speaking the same language. -* **so that they may not understand each other** - This was the purpose of confusing their language. It can also be translated as "so that they will not understand what each other is saying." (UDB) +The information about where he came down from can be made explicit: "came down from heaven." This does not tell how he came down. Use a general word meaning "came down." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to see + +"to observe" or "to look more closely" + +# one people with the same language + +All the people were one big group and they all spoke the same language. + +# they are beginning to do this + +Possible meanings are 1) "they have begun to do this," meaning that they have begun to build the tower but it is not finished, or 2) "this is just the first thing they have done," meaning that in future they will do greater things. + +# nothing that they intend to do will be impossible for them + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "anything they intend to do will be possible for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Come + +If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English "Come on!" you might use it here. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](./03.md). + +# let us go down + +The word "us" is plural even though it refers to God. Some translate it as "let me go down" or "I will go down." If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the pronoun is plural. See the note on "Let us make" in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# confuse their language + +This means that Yahweh would cause the people all over the earth to stop speaking the same language. AT: "mix up their language" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that they may not understand each other + +This was the purpose of confusing their language. AT: "so that they will not be able to understand what each other is saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/08.md b/gen/11/08.md index bd221ebf4e..5a7853e2c9 100644 --- a/gen/11/08.md +++ b/gen/11/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# from there -* [[en:tw:babel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"from the city" -## translationNotes +# its name was called Babel, because there Yahweh confused -* **from there** - "from the city" -* **its name was called Babel, because there Yahweh confused…** - The name "Babel" sounds like the word that means "confused." Translators may want to add a footnote about this. -* **confused the language of the whole earth** - This could also be translated as “mixed up the language of the whole earth.” It means that Yahweh caused the people all over the earth to no longer speak the same language. +The name "Babel" sounds like the word that means "confused." Translators may want to add a footnote about this. + +# confused the language of the whole earth + +It means that Yahweh caused the people all over the earth to no longer speak the same language. AT: "mixed up the language of the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/10.md b/gen/11/10.md index 23e2aecdfd..53d7eeb276 100644 --- a/gen/11/10.md +++ b/gen/11/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] +The rest of this chapter lists the line of Shem's descendants down to Abram. -## translationNotes +# These were the descendants of Shem -* The rest of this chapter lists the line of Shem's descendants down to Abram. -* **These are the descendants of Shem** - This sentence introduces the list of Shem's descendants in Genesis 11:10-26. -* **became the father of Arpachshad** - This can also be translated as "had his son Arpachshad" or "his son Arpachshad was born." -* **Arpachshad** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a hundred…two…five hundred** - Translators may write the words or the numerals “100,” "2" and “500.” (The ULB and the UDB have words if the number has only one or two words; they have numerals if the number has three or more words. See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This sentence begins the list of Shem's descendants. + +# flood + +This is the flood from Noah's time when people had become so evil that God sent a worldwide flood to cover the earth. + +# became the father of Arphaxad + +"had his son Arphaxad" or "his son Arphaxad was born" + +# Arphaxad + +a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a hundred ... two ... five hundred + +Translators may write the words or the numerals "100," "2," and "500." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/12.md b/gen/11/12.md index 3311d7de7a..a00826017e 100644 --- a/gen/11/12.md +++ b/gen/11/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he became the father of Shelah -* [[en:tw:father]] +"his son Shelah was born" -## translationNotes +# Shelah -* **he became the father of Shelah** - This can also be translated as “he had his son Shelah” or “his son Shelah was born.” -* **Shelah** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 403 years + +"four hundred and three years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/14.md b/gen/11/14.md index 9036bc5e03..bd15f0a1cc 100644 --- a/gen/11/14.md +++ b/gen/11/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* 25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [[:en:bible:notes:gen:11:12]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/16.md b/gen/11/16.md index 9036bc5e03..4a586a86ac 100644 --- a/gen/11/16.md +++ b/gen/11/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* 25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [[:en:bible:notes:gen:11:12]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/18.md b/gen/11/18.md index 9036bc5e03..bd15f0a1cc 100644 --- a/gen/11/18.md +++ b/gen/11/18.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* 25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [[:en:bible:notes:gen:11:12]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/20.md b/gen/11/20.md index 9036bc5e03..bd15f0a1cc 100644 --- a/gen/11/20.md +++ b/gen/11/20.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* 25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [[:en:bible:notes:gen:11:12]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/22.md b/gen/11/22.md index 9036bc5e03..bd15f0a1cc 100644 --- a/gen/11/22.md +++ b/gen/11/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* 25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [[:en:bible:notes:gen:11:12]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/24.md b/gen/11/24.md index c03c557bdb..05c8250e63 100644 --- a/gen/11/24.md +++ b/gen/11/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Abram, Nahor, and Haran -* 25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [[:en:bible:notes:gen:11:12]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Abram, Nahor, and Haran** - We do not know what order his sons were were born in. +We do not know the birth order of his sons. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/27.md b/gen/11/27.md index d8c3bef734..e18c1104ad 100644 --- a/gen/11/27.md +++ b/gen/11/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now these were the descendants of Terah -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:ur]] +This sentence introduces the account of Terah's descendants. Genesis 11:27-25:11 tells about Terah's descendants, particularly his son Abraham. AT: "This is the account of Terah's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Haran died in the presence of his father Terah -* **Now this is the record of the descendants of Terah** - This sentence introduces the account of Terah's descendants. It could be translated as "This is the account of Terah" or "This is the account of Terah's descendants." Genesis 11:27-25:11 tells about Terah's descendants, particularly his son Abraham. -* **Haran died in the presence of his father Terah** - This means that Haran died while his father was still living. It may also be translated as "Haran died while his father, Terah, was with him" or "Haran died while his father, Terah, was still living." +This means that Haran died while his father was still living. AT: "Haran died while his father, Terah, was with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/29.md b/gen/11/29.md index 303eefcc13..12ba288094 100644 --- a/gen/11/29.md +++ b/gen/11/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# took wives -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +"married wives" -## translationNotes +# Iskah -* **took wives** - "married wives" -* **Iscah** - Iscah is a female name. -* **barren** - This means that she was not able to get pregnant or give birth to any children. -* **Now** - This word in English is used to introduce new information about Sarai that will become more important in later chapters. +This is a female name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Now + +This word is used to introduce new information about Sarai that will become important in later chapters. + +# barren + +This term describes a woman who is physically unable to conceive or bear a child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/31.md b/gen/11/31.md index b2e5641b5b..47cc91d3e5 100644 --- a/gen/11/31.md +++ b/gen/11/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# his -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:haran]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:ur]] +Here the word "his" refers to Terah. -## translationNotes +# Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram's wife -* **his** - In verses 31 and 32, the word "his" refers to Terah. -* **Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram's wife** - in-law, his son Abram's wife** - This can also be translated as "his daughter-in-law Sarai, who was the wife of his son Abram." -* **Haran…Haran** - These are two different names and they are spelled differently in Hebrew. One refers to a person and the other refers to a city. You might choose to spell them differently in your language to show this. +"his daughter-in-law Sarai, who was the wife of his son Abram" + +# Haran ... Haran + +These are two different names and they are spelled differently in Hebrew. One refers to a person and the other refers to a city. (The "h" sound in the city's name is louder than the "h" sound in the person's name.) You might choose to spell them differently in your language to show this. + +# 205 years + +"two hundred and five years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/intro.md b/gen/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..443abf19b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Genesis 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a story traditionally referred to as the "Tower of Babel." + +This chapter seeks to answer the questions: why do people speak different languages? how did people become so dispersed across the earth? God's punishment described in this chapter may also explain why the world has racial and ethnic divisions. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Age of people when they die ##### +After the flood, people began to live shorter lives. This chapter begins to record the shortening of the average lifespan. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Personification ##### +The statement "Yahweh came down to see" is a type of personification. Yahweh always knows what happens on earth. This statement indicates that Yahweh is about to bring judgment on mankind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Let us build ourselves a city and a tower whose top will reach to the sky" ##### +The people were very full of pride and rebelled against God in this action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 11:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/01.md b/gen/12/01.md index b0df1009ad..1b3f042c96 100644 --- a/gen/12/01.md +++ b/gen/12/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +This word is used to mark a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Go from your country, and from your relatives -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. -* **Go from your country, and from your relatives, and from your father’s household** - “Go from your land, from your family, from your father's household” -* **I will make of you a great nation** - "I will start a great nation through you" or "I will make your descendants become a great nation" -* **and make your name great** - "and make you famous" -* **whoever dishonors you I will curse** - "I will curse whoever treats you in a shameful way" or "if anyone treats you as worthless, I will curse him" -* **Through you will all the families of the earth be blessed** - This can be translated with an active clause: "I will bless all the families of the earth through you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Through you** - This can be translated as "Because of you" or "Because I have blessed you." +"Go from your land, from your family" + +# I will make of you a great nation + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Abram, but Abram represents his descendants. AT: "I will start a great nation through you" or "I will make your descendants become a great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make your name great + +The word "name" represents the person's reputation. AT: "make you famous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will be a blessing + +The words "to other people" are understood. AT: "you will be a blessing to other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# whoever dishonors you I will curse + +"I will curse whoever treats you in a shameful way" or "if anyone treats you as worthless, I will curse him" + +# Through you will all the families of the earth be blessed + +This can be made active. AT: "I will bless all the families of the earth through you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Through you + +"Because of you" or "Because I have blessed you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/04.md b/gen/12/04.md index 8e36136e8e..81d4fc62d2 100644 --- a/gen/12/04.md +++ b/gen/12/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# possessions -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:haran]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +This includes animals and non-living property. -## translationNotes +# the people that they had acquired -* **the people that they had acquired** - "the people that they had bought" or "the people that they had gathered to be with them." This would include servants and slaves. -* **all their possessions** - the Hebrew, "Nephesh," for "possessions" may be referring to the living animals they had in their flocks. It may also be taken as a reference to human beings. +Possible meanings are 1) "slaves that they had accumulated" or 2) "the people whom they had gathered to be with them." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/06.md b/gen/12/06.md index 1e28c783f3..b963eb20e1 100644 --- a/gen/12/06.md +++ b/gen/12/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Abram passed through the land -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +Only Abram's name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. AT: "So Abram and his family went through the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the land -* **Abram passed through the land** - This can also be translated as "So Abraham and his family went through the land." Only Abraham's name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. -* **the land** - This can be translated as "the land of Canaan." -* **the oak of Moreh** - Moreh was probably the name of a place. -* **Yahweh, who had appeared to him** - This can be translated as "Yahweh, because he had appeared to him." +"the land of Canaan" + +# the oak of Moreh + +Moreh was probably the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh, who had appeared to him + +"Yahweh, because he had appeared to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/08.md b/gen/12/08.md index 5b0330aa18..91d40469ff 100644 --- a/gen/12/08.md +++ b/gen/12/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he pitched his tent -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Abram had many people with him as he traveled. People who moved from place to place lived in tents. AT: "they set up their tents" -## translationNotes +# called on the name of Yahweh -* **he pitched his tent** - Since Abraham had many people with him, this could also be translated as “and they set up their tents." People who moved from place to place lived in tents. -* **called on the name of Yahweh** - "prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh." -* **Then Abram continued journeying** - This could also be translated as "Then Abram took his tent and continued journeying." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **toward the Negev** - "toward the Negev region" or "toward the south" or "south to the Negev desert" (UDB) +"prayed in the name of Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh" + +# Then Abram continued journeying + +You may need to make explicit that he took his tent with him. "Then Abram took his tent and continued journeying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# toward the Negev + +"toward the Negev region" or "toward the south" or "south to the Negev desert" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/10.md b/gen/12/10.md index 29fc2b6371..fecad47f32 100644 --- a/gen/12/10.md +++ b/gen/12/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# There was a famine -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +The crops did not grow well that season. This can be made explicit. AT: "There was a shortage of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# in the land -* **there was a famine** - "there was no food available" or “there was a shortage of food.” It could also be translated as “the crops did not grow well that season.” -* **in the land** - "in the area" or “in the land where Abram was living" -* **went down into** - This can also be translated as "went south into" -* **they will kill me** - The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: "they will kill me so that they can marry you" or "they will kill me in order to marry you." (See -* **so that my life may be spared because of you** - “so that, because of you, they will not kill me” +"in the area" or "in the land where Abram was living" + +# went down into + +Possible meanings are 1) "went further south" or 2) "went away from Canaan into." It would be best to translate this using your usual words for going from a higher place to a lower place. + +# they will kill me ... you alive + +The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: "they will kill me so that they can marry you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that my life will be spared because of you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that, because of you, they will not kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/14.md b/gen/12/14.md index bd89079058..6282fa1c4f 100644 --- a/gen/12/14.md +++ b/gen/12/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Possible meanings are 1) This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts, and if your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here, or 2) "And that was what happened" . -## translationNotes +# The princes of Pharaoh saw her -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **The princes of Pharaoh saw her** - "Pharaoh's official saw Sarai" or "the king's officials saw her" (UDB) -* **the woman was taken in Pharaoh's household** - This can be translated with an active clause: "Pharaoh took her into his household." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his household** - Since Pharaoh was a king, his house can also be called a palace, as in the (UDB). -* **for her sake** - "for Sarai's sake" or "because of her" -* **donkeys** - Donkeys are animals like horses, but they are smaller, and people use them to ride on or to carry heavy loads. -* **oxen** - Oxen are cows or bulls that people use to pull heavy loads or do other hard work. Oxen usually work in pairs. +"Pharaoh's officials saw Sarai" or "the king's officials saw her" + +# the woman was taken into Pharaoh's household + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Pharaoh took her into his household" or "Pharaoh had his soldiers take her into his household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the woman + +Sarai + +# Pharaoh's household + +Possible meanings are 1) "Pharoah's family," that is, as a wife, or 2) "Pharaoah's house" or "Pharaoh's palace," a euphemism for Pharaoh making her one of his wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# for her sake + +"for Sarai's sake" or "because of her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/17.md b/gen/12/17.md index 88c0ff7ec8..a1a8bf78ba 100644 --- a/gen/12/17.md +++ b/gen/12/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# because of Sarai, Abram's wife -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +This can be made more explicit. AT: "because Pharaoh intended to take Sarai, Abram's wife, to be his own wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Pharaoh summoned Abram -* **because of Sarai, Abram's wife** - This can be translated as "because Pharaoh took Sarai, Abram's wife, to his own wife." -* **Pharaoh summoned Abram** - This can be translated as "Pharaoh called Abram" or "Pharaoh ordered Abraham to come to him." -* **What is this that you have done to me?** - Pharaoh used this rhetorical question to show how angry he was about what Abram had done to him. It can also be stated as an exclamation. "You have done a terrible thing to me!" (ULB) (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and the section on Sentence Types in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]].) -* **Then Pharaoh gave orders to his men concerning him** - "Then Pharaoh directed his officials concerning Abram" -* **and they sent him away, along with his wife and all that he had** - "and the officials sent Abram away from Pharoah, with his wife and all his possessions" -* +"Pharaoh called Abram" or "Pharaoh ordered Abram to come to him" + +# What is this that you have done to me? + +Pharaoh used this rhetorical question to show how angry he was about what Abram had done to him. It can also be stated as an exclamation. AT: "You have done a terrible thing to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Then Pharaoh gave orders to his men concerning him + +"Then Pharaoh directed his officials concerning Abram" + +# they sent him away, along with his wife and all that he had + +"the officials sent Abram away from Pharoah, with his wife and all his possessions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/intro.md b/gen/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e205c69534 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Genesis 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abram ##### +When God said, "Go from your country, and from your relatives," he established several new people groups. These groups descended from Abram. + +##### God's covenant with Abraham ##### +God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "They will kill me" ##### +Abram was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarai to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abram's sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/01.md b/gen/13/01.md index 8f31ca357b..415a3a3108 100644 --- a/gen/13/01.md +++ b/gen/13/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# went up from -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] +"left" or "departed from" -## translationNotes +# went into the Negev -* **left** - This could be translated "went up from" or "departed from." -* **went into the Negev** - The Negev was a desert region in southern Canaan. It was west of Egypt. This could be translated as "went back to the Negev desert" (UDB) or "went to southern Canaan." -* **Abram was very rich in animals, in silver, and in gold** - "Abram had many animals, much silver, and much gold." -* **animals** - "livestock" or "cattle" +The Negev was a desert region in southern Canaan, west of Egypt. This can be made explicit. AT: "went back to the Negev desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Abram was very rich in animals, in silver, and in gold + +"Abram had many animals, much silver, and much gold" + +# animals + +"livestock" or "cattle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/03.md b/gen/13/03.md index 81eb840b03..5d4aabb2be 100644 --- a/gen/13/03.md +++ b/gen/13/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He continued on his journey -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Abram and his family traveled by stages, going from place to place. This can be made explicit. AT: "They continued on their journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# to the place where his tent had been before -* **He continued on his journey** - "He traveled by stages" or "he continued traveling from place to place." Since Abram took his household along, this can also be translated as "They continued on their journey." -* **to the place where his tent had been before** - The time can be made explicit: "to the place where he had set up his tent before he went to Egypt" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). Or translators may add a footnote that says "See Genesis 12:8." -* **called on the name of Yahweh** - "prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh." See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:12:08]]. +Translators may add a footnote that says "See Genesis 12:8." The time of his travel can be made explicit. AT: "to the place where he had set up his tent before he went to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# called on the name of Yahweh + +"prayed in the name of Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh." See how you translated this in [Genesis 12:8](../12/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/05.md b/gen/13/05.md index 244dcae001..381387c205 100644 --- a/gen/13/05.md +++ b/gen/13/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] +This word is used to show what follows is background information to help the reader understand the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# The land was not able to support them -* **Now** - This word is used in English to show that what follows it is background information. This information will help the reader understand the reason for the events that begin in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:13:08]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **could not stay together** - "could not live together" -* **their possessions** - This includes livestock which need pasture and water. -* **The land was not able to support them** - There was not enough grazing land and water there for all their animals. -* **The Canaanites and the Perizzites were living in the land at that time.** - This is another reason that the land could not support them all. +There was not enough grazing land and water for all their animals. + +# their possessions + +This includes livestock, which need pasture and water. + +# could not stay together + +"could not live together" + +# The Canaanites and the Perizzites were living in the land at that time + +This is another reason that the land could not support them all. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/08.md b/gen/13/08.md index 3ee6460103..834d3cebfc 100644 --- a/gen/13/08.md +++ b/gen/13/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Let there be no strife between you and me -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] +"Let's not quarrel" -## translationNotes +# strife -* **strife** - "hostility" or "fighting" or "quarreling" -* **Let there be no strife between you and me** - This can be translated as "Let's not quarrel." -* **and between your herdsmen and my herdsmen** - This can be translated as "and let's stop the men who take care of our animals from quarreling." -* **after all, we are family** - "because we are family" -* **family** - "kinsmen" or "relatives." Lot was Abraham's nephew. -* **Is not the whole land before you?** - Abraham used this rhetorical question to remind Lot about something he would have already known. It can also be translated: "The whole land is available for you to use" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **Go ahead and separate yourself** - Abraham was speaking kindly to Lot and encouraging him to do something that would help them both. It can also be translated as "Let's separate." -* **If you go to the left, then I will go to the right** - Possible meanings are 1) "If you go one way, then I will go the other" or 2) "If you go to the north, I will go to the south." Abraham let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abraham would take what was left. +"hostility" or "fighting" or "quarreling" + +# between your herdsmen and my herdsmen + +"let's stop the men who take care of our animals from quarreling" + +# after all, we are family + +"because we are family" + +# family + +"kinsmen" or "relatives." Lot was Abraham's nephew. + +# Is not the whole land before you? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "The whole land is available for you to use." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Go ahead and separate yourself from me + +Abraham was speaking kindly to Lot and encouraging him to do something that would help them both. "Let's separate." + +# If you go to the left, then I will go to the right + +Possible meanings are 1) "If you go one way, then I will go the other" or 2) "If you go to the north, I will go to the south." Abram let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abram would take what remained. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/10.md b/gen/13/10.md index e119f97819..c6aa6f774f 100644 --- a/gen/13/10.md +++ b/gen/13/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the whole plain of the Jordan -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zoar]] +This refers to the general region of the Jordan River. -## translationNotes +# was well watered -* **the whole plain of the Jordan** - This refers to the general region of the Jordan River. -* **was well watered** - "had supplies of clean water" -* **like the garden of Yahweh, like the land of Egypt** - "like the garden of Yahweh or like the land of Egypt". These were two different places. -* **garden** - Use the same word for "garden" as you used in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:02:07]]. -* **This was before Yahweh destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah** - This anticipates something that would happen later and is told about in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:19:23]]. It is important here because it explains why Lot settled in a region that was later not fertile. -* **the relatives** - "the kinsmen" or "the families." This refers to Lot and Abram with their households. +"had much water" + +# like the garden of Yahweh, like the land of Egypt + +"like the garden of Yahweh or like the land of Egypt." These were two different places. + +# the garden of Yahweh + +This is another name for the garden of Eden. + +# garden + +Use the same word for "garden" as you used in [Genesis 2:8](../02/07.md). + +# This was before Yahweh destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah + +This anticipates something that would happen later. It is important here because it explains why Lot settled in a region that later was not fertile. + +# the relatives + +"the kinsmen" or "the families." This refers to Lot and Abram with their households. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/12.md b/gen/13/12.md index 1ab10afbe1..d3c3db45d3 100644 --- a/gen/13/12.md +++ b/gen/13/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# lived -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +"settled" or "stayed" -## translationNotes +# the land of Canaan -* **lived** - "settled" or "stayed" -* **the land of Canaan** - This could also be translated as "the land of the Canaanites." -* **he set up his tents as far away as Sodom** - Possible meanings are 1) "he set up his tents near Sodom" (UDB) or 2) "he moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom." +"the land of the Canaanites" + +# He set up his tents as far away as Sodom + +Possible meanings are 1) "He set up his tents near Sodom" or 2) "He moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/14.md b/gen/13/14.md index 6dca8966be..e58199e943 100644 --- a/gen/13/14.md +++ b/gen/13/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# after Lot had departed from him -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] - -## translationNotes - -* **after Lot had departed from him** - "after Lot left Abraham" +"after Lot left Abraham" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/16.md b/gen/13/16.md index e708cc649d..8751cfc66b 100644 --- a/gen/13/16.md +++ b/gen/13/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# walk through the length and breadth of the land -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"walk around all over the whole land" -## translationNotes +# Mamre -* **walk through the length and breadth of the land** - This can be translated as "walk around all over the whole land." -* **oaks** - See how you translated “oak” in [[en:bible:notes:gen:12:06]]. -* **Mamre** - This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. -* **an altar to Yahweh** - "an altar dedicated to Yahweh" or "an altar for worshiping Yahweh" +This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hebron + +place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# an altar to Yahweh + +"an altar for worshiping Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/intro.md b/gen/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7fbe524857 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Genesis 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abram's faith ##### +Since the land could not support both Lot's and Abraham's family, they each went their own way. Even though good land was not plentiful, Abraham allowed Lot to choose the better land because he trusted in God to fulfill his promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### God's covenant with Abram ##### + +God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. This chapter continues the covenant which began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Built an altar ##### +Abram would have built an altar in order to offer sacrifices to Yahweh. There is an implicit understanding that building an altar was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/01.md b/gen/14/01.md index f484269d25..7d289687d8 100644 --- a/gen/14/01.md +++ b/gen/14/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:shinar]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:zoar]] +The places in [Genesis 14:1-2](./01.md) are all independent cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# It came about -* 2 are all independent cities. -* See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]. -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in the days of** - "in the time of" -* **they made war** - "they went to war" or "they started a war" or "they prepared for war" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# in the days of + +"in the time of" + +# they made war + +"they went to war" or "they started a war" or "they prepared for war" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/03.md b/gen/14/03.md index 1e25bc063e..7a7aa28442 100644 --- a/gen/14/03.md +++ b/gen/14/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# These latter five kings joined together -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +The information that their armies were with them can be made explicit. AT: "These latter five kings and their armies joined together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Twelve years they had served -* **These latter five kings joined together** - The information that their armies were with them can be made explicit: "These latter five kings and their armies joined together." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Twelve years they had served** - The events in verses 4-7 happened before verse 3. Your language may have a way of showing this. -* **they had served Chedorlaomer** - This could be translated as "they had been under the control of Chedorlaomer." They probably had to pay him taxes and serve in his army. -* **they rebelled** - This can also be translated as "they refused to serve him" or "they stopped serving him." -* **came and attacked** - "came and attacked." They did this because the other kings rebelled. -* **Rephaim ... Zuzim ... Emim ... Horites** - These are the names of people groups. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ashteroth-karnaim ... Ham ... Shaveh-kiriathaim ... Seir ... El Paran** - karnaim ... Ham ... Shaveh-kiriathaim ... Seir ... El Paran** - These are the names of places. -* **as far as El Paran, which is near the desert** - The phrase "which is near the desert" tells us something more about El Paran. You can translate this relative clause with two sentences if necessary: "as far as El-paran. El-paran is near the desert." (See the section on clauses in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]].) +The events in verses 4-7 happened before verse 3. Your language may have a way of showing this. + +# they had served Kedorlaomer + +They probably had to pay him taxes and serve in his army. AT: "they had been under the control of Kedorlaomer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they rebelled + +"they refused to serve him" or "they stopped serving him" + +# came and attacked + +They did this because the other kings rebelled. + +# the Rephaim ... the Zuzites ... the Emites ... the Horites + +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ashteroth Karnaim ... Ham ... Shaveh Kiriathaim ... Seir ... El Paran + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# El Paran, which is near the desert + +This phrase helps readers understand where El Paran was. It can be translated as a separate sentence if necessary. AT: "El Paran. El Paran is near the desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/07.md b/gen/14/07.md index 0b931c33ac..f168d06ec6 100644 --- a/gen/14/07.md +++ b/gen/14/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:shinar]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:zoar]] +Verses 8 and 9 repeats what was said in [Genesis 14:3](./03.md) and continues to tell what happened when the kings came together to fight. -## translationNotes +# they turned and came -* Verses 8 and 9 repeat what was said in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:14:03]] and continues to tell what happened when the kings came together to fight. -* **they turned and came** - The word "they" refers to the four foreign kings who were attacking the region of Canaan. Their names were Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal. -* **the Amorites that lived in Hazazaon Tamar** - This phrase tells which Amorite people were defeated. There were other Amorite people who lived in other places. -* **prepared for battle** - "joined battle" or "drew up battle lines." Some translators may need to also say that the armies fought, as the UDB does in verse 9. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the king of Bela (also called Zoar)** - The city of Bela was also called Zoar. This information could also be put at the end of the the sentence: "and the king of Bela went out and prepared for battle. Bela is also called Zoar." -* **four kings against the five** - Since the five kings were listed first, some languages might prefer to translate this as "five kings against four." +The word "they" refers to the four foreign kings who were attacking the region of Canaan. Their names were Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal. AT: "they turned and went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# the Amorites who lived in Hazezon Tamar + +This phrase tells which Amorite people were defeated. There were other Amorite people who lived in other places. + +# the king of Bela (also called Zoar) + +The city of Bela was also called Zoar. This information could also be put at the end of the sentence. "the king of Bela went out and prepared for battle. Bela is also called Zoar." + +# prepared for battle + +"joined battle" or "drew up battle lines." Some translators may need to also say that the armies fought, as the UDB does in verse 9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# four kings against the five + +Since the five kings were listed first, some languages might prefer to translate this as "five kings against four." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/10.md b/gen/14/10.md index 11f9424a4e..6ae96d536a 100644 --- a/gen/14/10.md +++ b/gen/14/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +This word introduces background information about the valley of Siddim. Your language may have another way of introducing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# was full of tar pits -* **Now** - This word introduces background information about the valley of Siddim. Your language may have another way of introducing background information (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]). -* **was full of tar pits** - "had many tar pits." These were holes in the ground that had tar in them. See how you translated "tar" in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:11:03]]. -* **the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah** - This is a figure of speech that refers to the kings and their armies. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they fell in there** - Possible meanings are 1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) or 2) the kings themselves fell in the tarpits. Since [[:en:bible:notes:gen:14:17]] says that the king of Sodom went to meet Abram, the first meaning is more likely correct. -* **Those who were left** - "those who did not die in battle and did not fall in the pits" -* **the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah** - "the wealth of Sodom and Gomorrah" or "the property of Sodom and Gomorrah" -* **the enemy** - This refers to King Chedorlaomer and the other kings and their armies with him who were attacking Sodom and Gomorrah. -* **their provisions** - "their food and drink" -* **went their way** - "they went away" -* **they also took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who was living in Sodom, along with all his possessions** - The phrases "Abram's brother's son" and "who was living in Sodom" remind the reader of things that were written earlier about Lot. You can translate this differently if necessary: "they also took Lot along with all his possessions. Lot was Abram's brother's son and was living in Sodom at that time." (See the section on clauses in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences#clause]].) +"had many tar pits." These were holes in the ground that had tar in them. + +# tar + +a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md). + +# the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah + +Here the kings represent themselves and their armies. AT: the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they fell in there + +Possible meanings are 1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits or 2) the kings themselves fell in the tar pits. Since [Genesis 14:17](./17.md) says that the king of Sodom went to meet Abram, the first meaning is more likely correct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Those who were left + +"Those who did not die in battle and did not fall in the pits" + +# the enemy + +This refers to King Chedorlaomer and the other kings and their armies with him who were attacking Sodom and Gomorrah. + +# the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah + +The words "Sodom" and "Gomorrah" are metonyms for the people who lived in those cities. AT: "the wealth of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah" or "the property of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their provisions + +"their food and drink" + +# went their way + +"they went away" + +# they also took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who was living in Sodom, along with all his possessions + +The phrases "Abram's brother's son" and "who was living in Sodom" remind the reader of things that were written earlier about Lot. AT: "they also took Lot, along with all his possessions. Lot was Abram's brother's son and was living in Sodom at that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/13.md b/gen/14/13.md index 2a834ff296..a8d3ac86bb 100644 --- a/gen/14/13.md +++ b/gen/14/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# One who had escaped came -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] +"A man escaped from the battle and came" -## translationNotes +# He was living -* **One who had escaped came** - This can be translated as "A man escaped from the battle and came." -* **He was living** - "Abram was living." This introduces background information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **oaks** - See how you translated "oak" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:12:06]]. -* **were all allies of Abram** - "were treaty-partners with Abram" or "had a peace agreement with Abram." -* **his relative** - This refers to Lot. -* **trained men** - "men who were trained to fight" -* **men, born in his house** - "men who were born in Abram's household." They were children of Abram's servants. -* **pursued them** - "chased them" -* **Dan** - This is a city in the far north of Canaan, far from Abram's camp. +"Abram was living." This introduces background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# were all allies of Abram + +"were treaty-partners with Abram" or "had a peace agreement with Abram" + +# his relative + +This is a reference to Abram's nephew Lot. + +# 318 trained men + +"three hundred and eighteen trained men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# trained men + +"men who were trained to fight" + +# men who had been born in his house + +"men who were born in Abram's household." They were children of Abram's servants. + +# pursued them + +"chased them" + +# Dan + +This is a city in the far north of Canaan, far from Abram's camp. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/15.md b/gen/14/15.md index 67e2e901a9..2e5a48f3d1 100644 --- a/gen/14/15.md +++ b/gen/14/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He divided his men against them at night and attacked them -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] +This probably refers to a battle strategy. "Abram divided the men into several groups, and they attacked their enemies from various directions" -## translationNotes +# all the possessions -* **He divided his men against them at night and struck them** - This probably refers to a battle strategy: "Abram divided the men into several groups, and they attacked their enemies from various directions" (UDB). -* **struck them** - "attacked them" -* **all the possessions** - This refers to the things that the enemies had stolen from the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. -* **and his goods** - "and Lot's property that the enemies had stolen from Lot" -* **as well as the women and the other people** - "as well as the captured women and other people" +This refers to the things that the enemies had stolen from the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. + +# his goods + +"Lot's property that the enemies had stolen from Lot" + +# as well as the women and the other people + +"as well as the women and other people that the four kings had captured" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/17.md b/gen/14/17.md index 2ece6d32b4..f472155f9f 100644 --- a/gen/14/17.md +++ b/gen/14/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# returned -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:melchizedek]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +The implied information about where he was returning to can be made explicit. AT: "returned to where he was living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Melchizedek, king of Salem -* **returned** - The implied information about where he was returning to can be made explicit: "returned to where he was living." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Melchizedek, king of Salem** - This is the first time this king is mentioned. -* **bread and wine** - People commonly ate bread and wine. See how you translated "bread" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:03:17]] and "wine" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:09:20]]. +This is the first time this king is mentioned. + +# bread and wine + +People commonly ate bread and wine. See how you translated "bread" in [Genesis 3:19](../03/17.md) and "wine" in [Genesis 9:21](../09/20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/19.md b/gen/14/19.md index e87322d9f1..90eb15ff2b 100644 --- a/gen/14/19.md +++ b/gen/14/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He blessed him -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +King Melchizedek blessed Abram. -## translationNotes +# Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth -* **He blessed him** - King Melchizedek blessed Abram. -* **Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth** - This can also be translated with an active clause: "May God Most High, the Creator of heaven and earth, bless Abram" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **God Most High, who has delivered** - The phrase starting with "who has delivered" tells us something more about God Most High. You can also translate this as "God Most High, because he has delivered." -* **Blessed be God Most High** - This is a way of praising God. See how you translated "Blessed be" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:09:26]]. -* **into your hand** - "into your control" or "into your power" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God Most High, the Creator of heaven and earth, bless Abram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# heaven + +This refers to the place where God lives. + +# God Most High, who has given + +"God Most High, because he has given." The phrase starting with "who has given" tells us something more about God Most High. + +# Blessed be God Most High + +This is a way of praising God. See how you translated "blessed be" in [Genesis 9:26](../09/26.md). + +# into your hand + +"into your control" or "into your power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/21.md b/gen/14/21.md index ec1ba73c04..a4c1e5e56f 100644 --- a/gen/14/21.md +++ b/gen/14/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Give me the people -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The phrase "the people" may refer to the people of Sodom that the enemies had captured. Abram rescued them when he rescued Lot. -## translationNotes +# I have lifted up my hand -* **Give me the people** - The phrase "the people" may refer to the people of Sodom that the enemies had captured. Abram rescued them when he rescued Lot -* **I have lifted up my hand** - This means "I have taken an oath" or "I have made a promise." -* **I will take nothing except what the young men have eaten** - This can be translated as "I take from you only what my young men have already eaten." Abram was refusing to accept anything for himself, but acknowledged that the soldiers had eaten some of the supplies during the journey back to Sodom after the battle. -* **the share of the men that went with me** - This can be made more explicit: "the share of the recovered property that belongs to the men who helped me get it back." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre** - These are the allies of Abram (See: [[:en:bible:notes:gen:14:13]]). Because they were Abram's allies they fought battles alongside him. You can make this more explicit: "my allies Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre." +This means "I have taken an oath" or "I have made a promise." + +# I will take nothing except what the young men have eaten + +"I take from you only what my young men have already eaten." Abram was refusing to accept anything for himself, but acknowledged that the soldiers had eaten some of the supplies during the journey back to Sodom after the battle. + +# the share of the men that went with me + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "the share of the recovered property that belongs to the men who helped me get it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre + +These are the allies of Abram (See: [Genesis 14:13](./13.md)). Because they were Abram's allies they fought battles alongside him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "my allies Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/intro.md b/gen/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23fd86b41a --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Genesis 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other translations indent the lines 14:19-20, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Names of places ##### +Sometimes the names of places in Scripture are referred to by the name used during the time of the writer. For example, the location referred to as Dan was not yet known by that name because Dan had not yet come to live there. Moses, the author of Genesis, would have known this location as Dan. + +##### Melchizedek ##### +Melchizedek was both a priest and a king. Because of this, he parallels the roles of Jesus. Melchizedek is an important figure in the book of Hebrews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### God Most High ##### + +Melchizedek worshiped the God Most High. This is probably a reference to the true and only God who created the heavens and the earth and came to be known as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/01.md b/gen/15/01.md index 104e10b9e2..1859b6884b 100644 --- a/gen/15/01.md +++ b/gen/15/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# After these things -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"These things" refers to when the kings fought and Abram rescued Lot. -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came to Abram in a vision, saying, -* **After these things** - These things refers to when the kings fought and Abram rescued Lot. -* **the word of Yahweh came to Abram in a vision** - "Yahweh spoke to Abram in a vision." The phrase "the word of the Yahweh came" is often used in the Bible to introduce an account in which God gives a message to a prophet. -* **shield ... reward** - God used these two metaphors to tell Abram about his character and his relationship to Abram. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I am your shield** - Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. This can also be translated as a simile: "I will protect you like shield" or "I am your shield to protect you." -* **reward** - This can be translated as "payment." It refers to the payment a person deserves. "I am the treasure that you will receive." Abram had not accepted the reward that the king of Sodom had offered him. God was saying that he would give Abram everything he needed. Two possible interpretations are 1) "I am all that you need" or 2) "I will give you all you need." -* **Abram said, "Since you have given me** - Since Abram had already been speaking, "Abram said" can be translated as "Abram continued speaking and said" or it can be deleted. +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Abram in a vision. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Abram in a vision:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# shield ... reward + +God used these two metaphors to tell Abram about his character and his relationship to Abram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am your shield + +Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. AT: "I will protect you like shield" or "I am your shield to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# reward + +"payment." This refers to the payment a person deserves. Two possible meanings are 1) "I am all that you need" or 2) "I will give you all you need." + +# Abram said, "Since you have given me + +"Abram continued speaking and said, 'Since you have given me'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/04.md b/gen/15/04.md index d8ce418b9a..e75625b66c 100644 --- a/gen/15/04.md +++ b/gen/15/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then, behold -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The word "behold" emphasizes the fact that the word of Yahweh came to Abraham again. -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came to him, saying, -* **Then, behold, the word of Yahweh came to him** - The word "behold" emphasizes the fact that the word of Yahweh came to Abraham again, as in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:15:01]]. This could be translated as "Then, the word of Yahweh came to him again." -* **This man will not be your heir** - The phrase "This man" refers to Eliezer of Damascus. It can also be translated as "Your servant will not be your heir." -* **the one who will come from your own body** - This can be translated as "the one that you will father" or "your very own son." Abram's own son would become his heir. -* **number the stars** - "count the stars" -* **So will your descendants be** - Just as Abram would not be able to count all the stars, he would not be able to count all his descendants because there would be so many. +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [Genesis 15:1](./01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave him a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to him:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# This man + +This refers to Eliezer of Damascus. + +# the one who will come from your own body + +"the one that you will father" or "your very own son." Abram's own son would become his heir. + +# number the stars + +"count the stars" + +# So will your descendants be + +Just as Abram would not be able to count all the stars, he would not be able to count all his descendants because there would be so many. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/06.md b/gen/15/06.md index 70110d60a7..8332fe527a 100644 --- a/gen/15/06.md +++ b/gen/15/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He believed Yahweh -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:ur]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means he accepted and trusted what Yahweh said was true. -## translationNotes +# he counted it to him as righteousness -* **he counted it to him as righteousness** - "Yahweh counted Abram's belief as righteousness" or "Yahweh considered Abram righteous because Abram believed him" -* **I am Yahweh that brought you out of Ur** - Yahweh was reminding Abraham of what he had already done so that Abraham would know that Yahweh had the power to give Abram what he promised him. -* **to inherit it** - This can be translated as "to receive it" or "so that you will possess it." -* **how will I know** - Abram was asking for more proof that Yahweh would give him the land. +"Yahweh counted Abram's belief as righteousness" or "Yahweh considered Abram righteous because Abram believed him" + +# I am Yahweh, who brought you out of Ur + +Yahweh was reminding Abraham of what he had already done so that Abraham would know that Yahweh had the power to give Abram what he promised him. + +# to inherit it + +"to receive it" or "so that you will possess it" + +# how will I know + +Abram was asking for more proof that Yahweh would give him the land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/09.md b/gen/15/09.md index de17f74e07..48321ee04e 100644 --- a/gen/15/09.md +++ b/gen/15/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the carcasses -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:heifer]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +"the dead bodies of the animals and birds" -## translationNotes +# Abram drove them away -* **heifer** - a young female cow -* **the carcasses** - "the dead bodies of the animals and birds" -* **Abram drove them away** - "Abram chased the birds away." He made sure the birds did not eat the dead animals. +"Abram chased the birds away." He made sure the birds did not eat the dead animals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/12.md b/gen/15/12.md index 0066ab616d..44cbd5f765 100644 --- a/gen/15/12.md +++ b/gen/15/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Abram fell sound asleep -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] +This is an idiom. AT: "Abraham slept deeply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# a deep and terrifying darkness -* **Abram fell sound asleep ** - "A deep sleep fell on Abram." -* **fell sound asleep** - "fell into a very deep sleep" or "slept deeply." It means that he was very much asleep. -* **deep and terrifying darkness** - "extreme darkness that that terrified him" -* **overwhelmed him** - "surrounded him" -* **strangers** - "aliens" or "foreigners" -* **and will be enslaved and oppressed** - This can also be translated with an active clause: "and the owners of that land will enslave your descendants and oppress them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"an extreme darkness that terrified him" + +# overwhelmed him + +"surrounded him" + +# strangers + +"aliens" or "foreigners" + +# will be enslaved and oppressed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the owners of that land will enslave your descendants and oppress them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/14.md b/gen/15/14.md index 8ceb4e33d2..92f5ea57ac 100644 --- a/gen/15/14.md +++ b/gen/15/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Yahweh continued to speak to Abram while Abram dreamed. -## translationNotes +# I will judge -* Yahweh continued to speak to Abram while Abram dreamed. -* **that they will serve** - "that your descendants will serve" -* **abundant possessions** - "many possessions" or "great wealth" -* **you will go to your fathers** - "you will go to your ancestors." This means "you will die." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you will be buried in a good old age** - This can be translated as "you will be very old when you die and your family buries your body." -* **In the fourth generation** - In this verse, one generation apparently refers to a lifespan of 100 years. Therefore it could be translated as "After four hundred years." -* **they will come here again** - "your descendants will come back here." Abraham's descendants would come to the land where Abram was then living, the land that Yahweh had promised to give to him. -* **has not reached its limit** - "is not yet complete." It can also be translated as "will get much worse before I punish them." +Here "judge" is a metonym for what will happen after God makes the judgment. AT: "I will punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that they will serve + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "that your descendants will serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# abundant possessions + +This is an idiom. AT: "many possessions" or "great wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will go to your fathers + +This is a polite way of saying "you will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# fathers + +The word "fathers" is a synecdoche for all ancestors. AT: "ancestors" or "ancestral fathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will be buried in a good old age + +"you will be very old when you die and your family buries your body" + +# In the fourth generation + +Here one generation refers to a lifespan of 100 years. "After four hundred years" + +# they will come here again + +"your descendants will come back here." Abraham's descendants would come to the land where Abram was then living, the land that Yahweh had promised to give to him. + +# has not yet reached its limit + +"is not yet complete" or "will get much worse before I punish them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/17.md b/gen/15/17.md index fad18c94b2..deece2e9fc 100644 --- a/gen/15/17.md +++ b/gen/15/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# a smoking fire pot and a flaming torch passed between the pieces -* **behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **a smoking fire pot and a flaming torch passed between the pieces** - God did this to show Abram that he was making a covenant with him. -* **passed between the pieces** - This can also be translated as "passed through between the two rows of animal pieces." -* **I hereby give this land** - By saying this, God was giving the land to Abram's descendants. God was doing this then, but the descendants would not go into the land until many years later. -* **the great river, the Euphrates River** - "the large river, the Euphrates River." This is two ways of referring to the same river. -* **the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites** - These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would would allow Abraham's descendants to conquer these people and take their land. +God did this to show Abram that he was making a covenant with him. + +# passed between the pieces + +"passed through between the two rows of animal pieces" + +# covenant + +In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, and he will continue to bless him as long as Abram follows him. + +# I hereby give this land + +By saying this, God was giving the land to Abram's descendants. God was doing this then, but the descendants would not go into the land until many years later. + +# the great river, the Euphrates + +"the large river, the Euphrates." These are two ways of referring to the same river. + +# the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites + +These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham's descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/intro.md b/gen/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a53c6cbc77 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Inheritance ##### +In the ancient Near East, a person's children inherited the property and land of their parents. Abraham doubted the fulfillment of God's covenant because he did not have any children to whom to give his land. This showed a lack of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]],[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Fulfilling a promise ##### +In the ancient Near East, two people performed a similar sacrifice by dividing animals in half. It was a way to say to the other person, "may this happen to me if I do not fulfill my promise." The event recorded here indicates that God will fulfill his promise and only he is responsible for bringing it about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### God's covenant with Abraham ##### + +God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. This covenant has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/01.md b/gen/16/01.md index 3ce3b3c918..53784fad2b 100644 --- a/gen/16/01.md +++ b/gen/16/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hagar]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and background information about Sarai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# female servant -* **Now** - This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and background information about Sarai. -* **female servant** - "slave-girl." This type of slave would serve the woman of the household. -* **from having children** - "from giving birth to children." -* **sleep with my servant** - This is a polite way of saying "have sexual relations with my servant." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **I will have children by her** - This could be translated as "I will build my family through her." -* **Abram listened to the voice of Sarai** - This could be translated as "Abram did what Sarai said." -* **she looked with contempt on her mistress** - "she despised her mistress" or "she thought that she was more valuable than her mistress" -* **her mistress** - This refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. It can also be translated as "her owner" or in this verse as "Sarai." +"slave-girl." This type of slave would serve the woman of the household. + +# from having children + +"from giving birth to children" + +# I will have children by her + +"I will build my family through her" + +# Abram listened to the voice of Sarai + +"Abram did what Sarai said" + +# she looked with contempt on her mistress + +"she despised her mistress" or "she thought that she was more valuable than her mistress" + +# her mistress + +Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. AT: "her owner" or "Sarai" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/05.md b/gen/16/05.md index 4a35d58e3d..4cb283b226 100644 --- a/gen/16/05.md +++ b/gen/16/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# This wrong on me -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"This injustice against me" -## translationNotes +# is because of you -* **This wrong on me** - "This injustice against me" -* **is because of you** - "is your responsibility" or "is your fault." This whole sentence can be translated as "It is because of you that I have been treated wrong" or "It is your fault that Hagar is doing wrong to me." -* **I gave my servant woman into your embrace** - This can be translated as "I gave you my servant so that you would embrace her." Sarai used the word "embrace" here to refer to having sexual relations. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]). -* **I was despised in her eyes** - AT: "she hated me" or "she began to hate me" or "she thought she was better than me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **Let Yahweh judge between me and you** - "Let Yahweh say whether this is my fault or your fault" or “Let Yahweh decide which one of us is right” -* **See here** - "Listen to me" or "Pay attention" -* **in your power** - "under your authority" -* **Sarai dealt harshly with her** - "Sarai treated Hagar very badly" -* **and she fled from her** - "and Hagar fled from Sarai" +"is your responsibility" or "is your fault" + +# I gave my servant woman into your embrace + +Sarai used the word "embrace" here to refer to him sleeping with her. AT: "I gave you my servant so that you would sleep with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I was despised in her eyes + +This can be active. AT: "she hated me" or "she began to hate me" or "she thought she was better than me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let Yahweh judge between me and you + +"I want Yahweh to say whether this is my fault or your fault" or "I want Yahweh to decide which one of us is right." The phrase "to judge between" means to decide which person is right in a dispute between them. + +# See here + +"Listen to me" or "Pay attention" + +# in your power + +"under your authority" + +# Sarai dealt harshly with her + +"Sarai treated Hagar very badly" + +# she fled from her + +"Hagar fled from Sarai" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/07.md b/gen/16/07.md index 119fdf8925..6c2067109d 100644 --- a/gen/16/07.md +++ b/gen/16/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The angel of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:hagar]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel." -## translationNotes +# wilderness -* **The angel of Yahweh** - Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel, or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels, or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel." -* **Shur** - This was the name of a place south of Canaan and east of Egypt. -* **wilderness** - This can be translated here as "desert." The wilderness area she went to was a desert. -* **my mistress** - This was a title for Sarah that showed her authority over her servant, Hagar. This can also be translated as "my owner." +The wilderness area she went to was a desert. AT: "desert" + +# Shur + +This was the name of a place south of Canaan and east of Egypt. + +# my mistress + +Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. See how "her mistress" is translated in [Genesis 16:4](./01.md). AT: "my owner" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/09.md b/gen/16/09.md index fbcb1405fc..8f84877ba3 100644 --- a/gen/16/09.md +++ b/gen/16/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The angel of Yahweh said to her -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"The angel of Yahweh said to Hagar" -## translationNotes +# the angel of Yahweh -* **The angel of Yahweh said to her** - "The angel of Yahweh said to Hagar" -* **The angel of Yahweh** - See the note about this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:16:07]]. -* **your mistress** - This refers to Sarai. Sarai had authority over her servant, Hagar. "Your mistress" can also be translated as "your owner" or "Sarai." -* **the angel of Yahweh said to her "I** - When he said "I," he was referring to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the word "I" when referring to Yahweh. -* **I will greatly multiply your descendants** - "I will give you very many descendants" -* **too numerous to count** - "so many that no one will be able to count them." +See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](./07.md). + +# your mistress + +Sarai. See how "her mistress" is translated in [Genesis 16:4](./01.md). + +# the angel of Yahweh said to her, "I + +When he said "I," he was referring to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the word "I" when referring to Yahweh. + +# I will greatly multiply your descendants + +"I will give you very many descendants" + +# too numerous to count + +"so many that no one will be able to count them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/11.md b/gen/16/11.md index 08da7ba629..9707bc1e4a 100644 --- a/gen/16/11.md +++ b/gen/16/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# The angel of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] +See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](./07.md). -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **The angel of Yahweh** - See the note about this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:16:07]]. -* **Behold** - "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention." -* **bear a son** - "give birth to a son." -* **you will call his name** - "you will name him." The word "you" refers to Hagar. -* **Ishmael, because Yahweh has heard** - Translators may add a footnote that says "The name 'Ishmael' means 'God has heard.'" -* **He will be a wild donkey of a man** - This metaphor can be translated as a simile: "He will be like a wild donkey among men." This was not an insult. It may mean that Ishmael would be independent and strong like a wild donkey. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He will be hostile against every man** - "He will be every man's enemy" -* **every man will be hostile to him** - "everyone will be his enemy" -* **he will live apart from** - This can also mean "he will live in hostility with" -* **brothers** - "relatives" or "kin" +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# bear a son + +"give birth to a son" + +# you will call his name + +"you will name him." The word "you" refers to Hagar. + +# Ishmael, because Yahweh has heard + +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name 'Ishmael' means 'God has heard.'" + +# affliction + +She has been afflicted by distress and suffering. + +# He will be a wild donkey of a man + +This was not an insult. It may mean that Ishmael would be independent and strong like a wild donkey. AT: "He will be like a wild donkey among men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will be hostile against every man + +"He will be every man's enemy" + +# every man will be hostile to him + +"everyone will be his enemy" + +# he will live apart from + +This can also mean "he will live in hostility with." + +# brothers + +"relatives" or "kin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/13.md b/gen/16/13.md index 37b8213dfb..d7bb0ed085 100644 --- a/gen/16/13.md +++ b/gen/16/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh who spoke to her -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:well]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Yahweh, because he spoke to her" -## translationNotes +# Do I really continue to see, ... me? -* **Yahweh who spoke to her** - This can be translated as "Yahweh, because he spoke to her." -* **Do I really continue to see, even after he has seen me?** - Hagar used this rhetorical question to express her amazement that she was still alive even after she met God. People expected that if they met God, they would die. It can also be translated as an exclamation as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do I really continue to see** - In this verse "see" is metonym that means "live." It can be translated as "Do I really continue to live?" ((See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Therefore the well was called Beerlahairoi** - Translators may add a footnote that says "Beerlahairoi means 'the well of the living one who sees me.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered** - The word “behold” here draws attention to the fact that the well was in a place that the author and his readers knew. You can also translate it here as "it is between Kadesh and Bered" or "In fact, it is between Kadesh and Bered." +Hagar used this rhetorical question to express her amazement that she was still alive even after she met God. People expected that if they met God, they would die. Here seeing represents living. AT: "I am surprised that I am still alive, ... me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Therefore the well was called Beer Lahai Roi + +Translators may add a footnote that says "Beer Lahai Roi means 'the well of the living one who sees me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered + +The word "behold" here draws attention to the fact that the well was in a place that the author and his readers knew. AT: "in fact, it is between Kadesh and Bered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/15.md b/gen/16/15.md index 413a7ab1a1..89a7a1fba2 100644 --- a/gen/16/15.md +++ b/gen/16/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hagar gave birth -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:hagar]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] +Hagar's return to Sarai and Abram is implict. You can make this more explicit. AT: "So Hagar went back and gave birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# named his son, whom Hagar bore -* **Hagar gave birth** - Hagar's return to Sarai and Abram is implict. You can make this more explicit: "So Hagar went back and gave birth." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). -* **named his son, whom Hagar bore** - "named his son by Hagar" or "named his and Hagar's son" -* **Abram was** - This introduces background information about Abram's age when these things happened. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **bore Ishmael to Abram** - This means "gave birth to Abram's son, Ishmael." The focus is on Abram having a son. +"named his son by Hagar" or "named his and Hagar's son" + +# Abram was + +This introduces background information about Abram's age when these things happened. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# bore Ishmael to Abram + +This means "gave birth to Abram's son, Ishmael." The focus is on Abram having a son. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/intro.md b/gen/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a824132023 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Genesis 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 16:11-14, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Plural marriage ##### +Abram married Hagar while he was also married to Sarai. Even though Abram had his wife's permission, this was an immoral and sinful action. It also showed a lack of faith in God. Sarai quickly became jealous of Hagar. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/01.md b/gen/17/01.md index 63c09d500f..40fb4e58d5 100644 --- a/gen/17/01.md +++ b/gen/17/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When Abram was ninety-nine years old -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# God Almighty -* **When Abram was ninety-nine years old** - nine years old** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **God Almighty** - "the all-powerful God" or "the God who has all power" -* **Walk before me** - Walking is a metaphor for living. This can be translated as "Live before me" or "Live in my sight." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Then I will confirm** - "If you do this, then I will confirm" -* **I will confirm my covenant** - "I will give my covenant" or "I will make my covenant" -* **multiply you exceedingly** - "greatly increase the number of your descendants" or "give you very many descendants" +"the all-powerful God" or "the God who has all power" + +# Walk before me + +Walking is a metaphor for living, and "before me" or "in my presence" here is a metaphor for obedience. AT: "Live the way I want you to" or "Obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then I will confirm + +"If you do this, then I will confirm" + +# I will confirm my covenant + +"I will give my covenant" or "I will make my covenant" + +# covenant + +In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, but he also requires Abram to obey him. + +# multiply you exceedingly + +Here "multiply you" is an idiom that means he will give him more descendants. AT: "greatly increase the number of your descendants" or "give you very many descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/03.md b/gen/17/03.md index 2ea482cc92..520f22c140 100644 --- a/gen/17/03.md +++ b/gen/17/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Abram bowed low with his face to the ground -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +"Abram threw himself face down on the ground" or "Abraham immediately lay down with his face to the ground." He did this to show that he respected God and would obey him. -## translationNotes +# As for me -* **Abram bowed low with his face to the ground** - This can also be translated as "Abram threw himself face down on the ground" or "Abraham immediately lay down with his face to the ground." He did this to show that he respected God and would obey him. -* **As for me** - God used this phrase to introduce what he would do for Abram as part of his covenant with Abram. -* **behold, my covenant is with you** - The word "behold" here says that what comes next is certain: "my covenant is certainly with you." -* **the father of a multitude of nations** - "the father of a great number of nations" or "the ancestor of many nations" -* **Abraham** - Translators may add the following footnote: The name "Abram" means "exalted father" and the name "Abraham" sounds like "father of a multitude". -* **I will make you exceedingly fruitful** - This can be translated as "I will cause you to have many offspring." -* **I will make nations of you** - "I will cause your descendants to become nations" -* **kings will descend from you** - This can be translated as "among your descendants there will be kings" or "some of your descendants will be kings." +God used this phrase to introduce what he would do for Abram as part of his covenant with Abram. + +# behold, my covenant is with you + +The word "behold" here says that what comes next is certain: "my covenant is certainly with you." + +# the father of a multitude of nations + +"the father of a great number of nations" or "the one after whom many nations name themselves" + +# Abraham + +Translators may add the following footnote: The name "Abram" means "exalted father" and the name "Abraham" sounds like "father of a multitude." + +# I will make you exceedingly fruitful + +"I will cause you to have very many descendants" + +# I will make nations of you + +"I will cause your descendants to become nations" + +# kings will descend from you + +"among your descendants there will be kings" or "some of your descendants will be kings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/07.md b/gen/17/07.md index e3c059d729..b31c7dc0cd 100644 --- a/gen/17/07.md +++ b/gen/17/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +God continues speaking to Abraham. -## translationNotes +# throughout their generations -* God continues speaking to Abraham. -* **throughout their generations** - "for each generation" -* **for an everlasting covenant** - "as a covenant that will last forever" It can also be translated as "And this covenant will last forever." -* **to be God to you and to your descendants after you** - This can be translated as "to be your God and your descendants' God" or "I will be your God and your descendants' God." -* **for an everlasting possession** - "as an everlasting possession" or "to possess forever." It can also be translated as "And it will belong to your descendants forever." +"for each generation" + +# for an everlasting covenant + +"as a covenant that will last forever" + +# to be God to you and to your descendants after you + +"to be your God and your descendants' God" or "covenant" + +# Canaan, for an everlasting possession + +"Canaan, as an everlasting possession" or "Canaan, to possess forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/09.md b/gen/17/09.md index b380d412d7..fde56dc78d 100644 --- a/gen/17/09.md +++ b/gen/17/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# As for you -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +God uses this phrase to introduce what Abram would have to do as part of God's covenant with him. -## translationNotes +# keep my covenant -* **As for you** - God used this phrase to introduce what Abram would have to do as part of God's covenant with him. -* **keep my covenant** - "observe my covenant" or "honor my covenant" or "obey my covenant" -* **This is my covenant** - "This is a requirement of my covenant" or "This is part of my covenant." This sentence introduces the part of the covenant that Abram must do. -* **Every male among you must be circumcised** - If needed, this can be translated as "You must circumcise every male among you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Every male** - This refers to human males. -* **You must be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin** - Some communities may prefer a less descriptive expression such as "you must be circumcised." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **the sign of the covenant** - "the sign marking the covenant" or "the sign that shows the covenant exists" -* **the sign** - Possible meanings are 1) “the sign” or 2) “a sign.” The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. +"observe my covenant" or "honor my covenant" or "obey my covenant" + +# This is my covenant + +"This is a requirement of my covenant" or "This is part of my covenant." This sentence introduces the part of the covenant that Abram must do. + +# Every male among you must be circumcised + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "You must circumcise every male among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Every male + +This refers to human males. + +# You must be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin + +Some communities may prefer a less descriptive expression such as "You must be circumcised." If your translation of "be circumcised" already includes the word for "foreskin", you do not need to repeat it. This can be made active. AT: "You must circumcise every male among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sign of the covenant + +"the sign that shows that the covenant exists" + +# the sign + +Possible meanings are 1) "the sign" or 2) "a sign." The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. Here the word "sign" means a reminder of something that God had promised. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/12.md b/gen/17/12.md index 95f5cb20ed..2a2c27d769 100644 --- a/gen/17/12.md +++ b/gen/17/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:household]] +God continues speaking to Abraham. -## translationNotes +# Every male -* God continues speaking to Abraham. -* **Every male** - "Every human male" -* **throughout your people's generations** - "in every generation" -* **him who is bought with money** - "any male that you buy." This refers to slaves. -* **my covenant will be in your flesh** - "my covenant will be marked in your flesh" -* **for an everlasting covenant** - "as an permanent covenant." Because it was marked in flesh, it could not easily be erased. -* **uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin** - The word "uncircumcised" and the phrase following "male" mean the same thing. Hebrew often says the same thing twice. Translators will have to decide whether they can do that in their language. -* **will be cut off from his people** - This means either "will be separated from his people" or "will be destroyed from among his people." -* **He has broken my covenant** - "He has not obeyed the rules of my covenant." This is the reason that he would be cut off from his people. +"Every human male" + +# throughout your people's generations + +"in every generation" + +# him who is bought with money + +This refers to slaves. This can be stated in active form. AT: "any male that you buy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my covenant will be in your flesh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will mark my covenant in your flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for an everlasting covenant + +"as a permanent covenant." Because it was marked in flesh, no one could easily erase it. + +# uncircumcised male who is not circumcised + +This can be stated in active form, and you may leave out words that will give wrong meaning in your language. AT: "male whom you have not circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Any uncircumcised male ... foreskin will be cut off from his people + +Possible meanings are 1) "I will cut off any uncircumcised male ... foreskin from his people" or 2) "I want you to cut off any uncircumcised male ... foreskin from his people." + +# cut off from his people + +Possible meanings are 1) "killed" or 2) "sent away from the community." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# He has broken my covenant + +"He has not obeyed the rules of my covenant." This is the reason that he would be cut off from his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/15.md b/gen/17/15.md index 6f1a48a410..499725eaf7 100644 --- a/gen/17/15.md +++ b/gen/17/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# As for Sarai -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +The words "As for" introduce the next person God talks about. -## translationNotes +# I will give you a son by her -* **As for Sarai** - The words "As for" introduce the next person God talks about. -* **I will give you a son by her** - "I will make her bear a son for you" -* **she will become the mother of nations** - "she will be the ancestor of many nations" (UDB) or "her descendants will become nations" -* **Kings of peoples will come from her** - "Kings of peoples will descend from her" or "Some of her descendants will be kings of peoples" +"I will make her bear a son for you" + +# she will become the mother of nations + +"she will be the ancestor of many nations" or "her descendants will become nations" + +# Kings of peoples will come from her + +"Kings of peoples will descend from her" or "Some of her descendants will be kings of peoples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/17.md b/gen/17/17.md index dc9cf1c25b..abbca80215 100644 --- a/gen/17/17.md +++ b/gen/17/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# said in his heart -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +"thought to himself" or "said to himself silently" -## translationNotes +# Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old? -* **said in his heart** - This can also be translated as "thought to himself" or "said to himself silently." -* **Can a man who is a hundred years old father a child?** - Abraham used this rhetorical question because he did not believe that this could happen. It could also be translated as a statement: "Surely a man who is a hundred years old could not father a child." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **Can Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a son?** - Again Abraham used a rhetorical question because he did not believe this could happen. The relative clause "who is ninety years old" could be expressed as a separate sentence: "Sarah is ninety years old. Could she bear a son?" or "Sarah is ninety years old. Surely she could not bear a son." (See the section on clauses in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]]) -* **Oh that Ishmael might live before you** - Abraham suggested something that he believed really could happen. It can also be translated as "Please let Ishmael inherit the covenant that you have made with me" or "Perhaps Ishmael could receive your covenant blessing." +Abraham used this rhetorical question because he did not believe that this could happen. AT: "Surely a man who is a hundred years old cannot father a child!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a son? + +Again Abraham used a rhetorical question because he did not believe this could happen. The phrase "who is ninety years old" tells why Abraham did not believe that Sarah could bear a son. AT: "Sarah is ninety years old. Could she bear a son?" or "Sarah is ninety years old. Surely she could not bear a son!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# Oh that Ishmael might live before you + +"Please let Ishmael inherit the covenant that you have made with me" or "Perhaps Ishmael could receive your covenant blessing." Abraham suggested something that he believed really could happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/19.md b/gen/17/19.md index 65207f5671..46678b42e6 100644 --- a/gen/17/19.md +++ b/gen/17/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# No, but Sarah your wife will bear -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +God said this to correct Abraham's belief that Sarah could not have a son. -## translationNotes +# you must name him -* **No, but Sarah your wife will bear** - God said this to correct Abraham's belief that Sarah could not have a son. -* **you must name him** - The word "you" refers to Abraham. -* **As for Ishmael** - The words "As for" show that God is switching from talking about the baby that would be born to talking about Ishmael. -* **leaders of tribes** - "chiefs" or "rulers" -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -* **I will make him fruitful** - This is figurative language that means "I will cause him to have many children." -* **and will multiply him abundantly** - "and I will cause him to have many descendants" -* **But my covenant I will establish with Isaac** - God returned to talking about his covenant and emphasized that it would be with Isaac, not with Ishmael. +The word "you" refers to Abraham. + +# As for Ishmael + +The words "As for" show that God is switching from talking about the baby that would be born to talking about Ishmael. + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# will make him fruitful + +This is an idiom that means "will cause him to have many children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will multiply him abundantly + +"I will cause him to have many descendants" + +# leaders of tribes + +"chiefs" or "rulers." These leaders are not the twelve sons and grandsons of Jacob that will lead the twelve tribes of Israel. + +# But my covenant I will establish with Isaac + +God returns to talking about his covenant with Abraham and emphasizes that he would fulfill his promise with Isaac, not with Ishmael. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/22.md b/gen/17/22.md index 4dde2f19b9..e686325cee 100644 --- a/gen/17/22.md +++ b/gen/17/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When he had finished talking with him -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] +"When God had finished talking with Abraham" -## translationNotes +# God went up from Abraham -* **When he had finished talking with him** - "When God had finished talking with Abraham" -* **God went up from Abraham** - "God left Abraham" -* **every male among the men of Abraham's household** - "every human male in Abraham's household" or "every male person in Abraham's household." It refers to human males of all ages: babies, boys, and men. +"God left Abraham" + +# every male among the men of Abraham's household + +"every human male in Abraham's household" or "every male person in Abraham's household." It refers to human males of all ages: babies, boys, and men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/24.md b/gen/17/24.md index ca8eac0be7..c816f823ae 100644 --- a/gen/17/24.md +++ b/gen/17/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# including those born into the household and those bought with money from a foreigner -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] +"This includes those who were born in his household and those he had bought from foreigners" -## translationNotes +# those bought with money from a foreigner -* **including those born into the household and those bought with money from a foreigner** - "This includes those who were born in his household and those he had bought from foreigners" -* **those bought with money from a foreigner** - This refers to servants or slaves. +This refers to servants or slaves. + +# those bought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom he had bought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/intro.md b/gen/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa9f0c204f --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Genesis 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The father of a multitude of nations" ##### +Abram came to have many descendants. He had so many descendants that many of his immediate descendants became large people groups and nations. + +##### God's covenant with Abraham ##### + +God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. It is important to note in this chapter that Isaac is the son who receives the promises associated with the covenant and not Ishmael. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Circumcision ##### +Circumcision was an unusual practice in the ancient Near East. It served to separate the Hebrew people from the rest of the world. This chapter records the beginning of this practice among Abraham and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) + +##### Name change ##### +In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person's life. The beginning of the practice of circumcision was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/01.md b/gen/18/01.md index 56e849b0d4..4c4d43b1ee 100644 --- a/gen/18/01.md +++ b/gen/18/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Mamre -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] +This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. -## translationNotes +# in the tent doorway -* **oaks** - See how you translated “oak” in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:12:06]]. -* **Mamre** - This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. -* **in the tent doorway** - "at the opening of the tent" or "at the entrance of the tent" -* **heat of the day** - "hottest time of day" -* **He looked up and, behold, he saw three men standing** - "He looked up and saw, and behold, three men were standing" -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows us that what follows was surprising to Abraham. It can be translated here as "suddenly." -* **across from him** - "nearby" or "there." They were near him, but far enough away for him to run to them. +"at the opening of the tent" or "at the entrance of the tent" + +# heat of the day + +"hottest time of day" + +# He looked up and, behold, he saw three men standing + +"He looked up and saw, and behold, three men were standing" + +# behold + +"suddenly." The word "behold" here shows us that what follows was surprising to Abraham. + +# across from him + +"nearby" or "there." They were near him, but far enough away for him to run to them. + +# bowed + +This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/03.md b/gen/18/03.md index 24075fff6b..ca316b8e44 100644 --- a/gen/18/03.md +++ b/gen/18/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Lord -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are 1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God or 2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God. -## translationNotes +# if I have found favor in your eyes -* **Lord** - This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are 1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God, or 2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God. -* **if I have found favor in your sight** - Abraham was speaking to one of the men. The word "your" in verse 3 is singular. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **do not pass by** - "please do not keep on going" -* **your servant** - Abraham referred to himself this way in order to show respect to his guest. It could also be translated here as "me." -* **Let a little water be brought** - This can also be translated with an active verb: "Let me bring you some water" or "My servant will bring you some water." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a little water…a little food** - Saying "little" was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough water and food. It can also be translated as "some water…some food." -* **wash your feet** - This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. -* **your … you** - When Abraham spoke in verses 4 and 5, the words "you" and "your" are plural. He was offering the water, food, and rest to all three of the men. +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if you have evaluated me and approve" or "if you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in your eyes + +Abraham is speaking to one of the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# do not pass by + +"please do not keep on going" + +# your servant + +"me." Abraham refers to himself this way in order to show respect to his guest. + +# Let a little water be brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let me bring you some water" or "My servant will bring you some water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a little water ... a little food + +"some water ... some food." Saying "little" was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough water and food. + +# wash your feet + +This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. + +# your ... you + +Abraham speaks to all three of the men, so "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/06.md b/gen/18/06.md index 9f769dc6bd..a4803710d9 100644 --- a/gen/18/06.md +++ b/gen/18/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# three seahs -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +about 22 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# bread -* **three seahs** - about 22 liters (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **bread** - This bread was probably cooked quickly on a hot stone. It may have been flat or round like small loaves or rolls. -* **he hurried to prepare it** - The word "he" refers to the servant. -* **to prepare it** - This can be translated more specifically as "to cut it up and roast it." -* **curds** - This refers to the solid part of fermented milk. It may have been yogurt or cheese. -* **the calf that had been prepared** - "the roasted calf" -* **and placed the food before them** - The word "them" refers to the three visitors. +This bread was probably cooked quickly on a hot stone. It may have been flat or round like small loaves or rolls. + +# he hurried + +"the servant hurried" + +# to prepare it + +"to cut it up and roast it" + +# curds + +This refers to the solid part of fermented milk. It may have been yogurt or cheese. + +# the calf that had been prepared + +"the roasted calf" + +# before them + +"before the three visitors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/09.md b/gen/18/09.md index cfef0ec2ee..37c1c19f58 100644 --- a/gen/18/09.md +++ b/gen/18/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They said to him -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +"Then they said to Abraham" -## translationNotes +# He said, "I will certainly return to you -* **They said to him** - "Then they said to Abraham" -* **He said, "I will certainly return to you…"** - The word "He" refers to the Lord. This is the one that Abraham called "Lord" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:18:03]]. -* **behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **when the season comes around** - This can be translated as "when this season comes around next year" or "about this time next year" (UDB). -* **behold** - This can be translated as “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **in the tent doorway** - "at the opening of the tent" or "at the entrance of the tent" +The word "He" refers to the man whom Abraham called "Lord" in [Genesis 18:3](./03.md). + +# in the springtime + +"when this same season comes next year" or "about this time next year" + +# see + +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# in the tent doorway + +"at the opening of the tent" or "at the entrance of the tent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/11.md b/gen/18/11.md index 8086eebef4..392c8ec9c9 100644 --- a/gen/18/11.md +++ b/gen/18/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# After I am worn-out and my master is old, will I now have this pleasure? -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +You may want to add "of having a baby." Sarah used this rhetorical question because she did not believe that she could have a child. AT: "I cannot believe that I will experience the joy of having a child. My master is also too old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# my master is old -* **will I have this pleasure** - You may want to add "of having a baby" (UDB). Sarah used this rhetorical question because she did not believe that she could have a child. This means "I cannot believe that I will experience the joy of having a child." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **my master being old also** - This means "since my husband is also old." -* **my master** - This is a title of respect that Sarah gave to her husband Abraham. +This means "since my husband is also old." + +# my master + +This is a title of respect that Sarah gave to her husband Abraham. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/13.md b/gen/18/13.md index c31a381010..41239fc83b 100644 --- a/gen/18/13.md +++ b/gen/18/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Why did Sarah laugh and say, 'Will I really bear a child, when I am old'? -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God used this rhetorical question to show that he knew what Sarah was thinking and that he was not pleased with it. He repeats Sarah's rhetorical question ([Genesis 18:12](./11.md)) using different words. AT: "Sarah was wrong to laugh and say, 'I will not bear a child because I am too old!'"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Is anything too hard for Yahweh? -* **Why did Sarah laugh and say** - God used this rhetorical question to show that he knew what Sarah was thinking and that he was not pleased with it. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is anything too hard for Yahweh?** - "Is there anything too difficult for Yahweh to do?" or "Is there anything that Yahweh cannot do?" God used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that God can do anything. -* **At the time appointed by me, in the spring** - "at the time I appointed." The phrase "in the spring" clarifies what time it was that God appointed. -* **Then Sarah denied it and said** - "The Sarah denied it by saying" -* **He replied** - "Yahweh replied" -* **No, you did laugh** - This means "No, that is not true; you did in fact laugh." In some languages, it would be better to translate this as "Yes, you did laugh." +"Is there anything that Yahweh cannot do?" Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else to remind Abraham that he, Yahweh, is great and can do anything. AT: "There is nothing that I, Yahweh, cannot do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# At the time appointed by me, in the spring + +"At the time I have appointed, which is in the spring" + +# Then Sarah denied it and said + +"The Sarah denied it by saying" + +# He replied + +"Yahweh replied" + +# No, you did laugh + +"Yes, you did laugh." This means "No, that is not true; you did in fact laugh." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/16.md b/gen/18/16.md index 588f428f44..8a1d04d44f 100644 --- a/gen/18/16.md +++ b/gen/18/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# to see them on their way -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +"to send them on their way" or "to say 'Farewell' to them." It was polite to go some distance with guests as they were leaving. -## translationNotes +# Should I hide from Abraham what I am about to do ... him? -* **to see them on their way** - "to send them on their way" or "to say 'Farewell' to them" (UDB). -* **Should I hide from Abraham what I am about to do** - God used this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important. "I will not hide from Abraham what I am about to do" or "I will tell Abraham what I am about to do." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **since Abraham will indeed become** - This tells why God planned to tell Abraham what he was going to do. It can be translated as a separate sentence after the rhetorical question. -* **all the nations of the earth will be blessed in him** - This can be translated with an active clause: "I will bless all the nations of the earth through Abraham." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will be blessed in him** - This can be translated as "will be blessed because of Abraham" or "will be blessed because I have blessed Abraham." For translating "in him" see how you translated "through you" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:12:01]]. -* **that he may instruct** - "that he will direct" or "so that he will command" -* **to keep the way of Yahweh** - "to obey what Yahweh requires." God was speaking about himself. It can also be translated as "to keep my way." -* **to do righteousness and justice** - This tells how they were do keep the way of Yahweh. It can be translated as "by doing righteousness and justice." -* **so that Yahweh may bring upon Abraham what he has said to him** - This refers to the covenant promise to bless Abraham and make him a great nation. If you need to state this more clearly, you could translate it as "so that Yahweh may bless Abraham just as he said he would." +God used this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. AT: "I should not and will not hide from Abraham what I am about to do ... him." or "I should and will tell Abraham what I am about to do ... him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Should I ... do, since ... him? + +"I should not ... do. This is because ... him" + +# all the nations of the earth will be blessed in him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bless all the nations of the earth through Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be blessed in him + +"will be blessed because of Abraham" or "will be blessed because I have blessed Abraham." For translating "in him" see how you translated "through you" in [Genesis 12:3](../12/01.md). + +# that he may instruct + +"that he will direct" or "so that he will command" + +# to keep the way of Yahweh ... Yahweh may bring ... he has said + +Yahweh is speaking about himself as if he were another person. AT: "to obey what I, Yahweh, require ... I, Yahweh, may bring ... I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# to keep the way of Yahweh + +"to obey the commands of Yahweh" + +# to do righteousness and justice + +"by doing righteousness and justice." This tells how to keep the way of Yahweh. + +# so that Yahweh may bring upon Abraham what he has said to him + +"so that Yahweh may bless Abraham just as he said he would." This refers to the covenant promise to bless Abraham and make him a great nation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/20.md b/gen/18/20.md index 85e6b8f267..b01dd9fc98 100644 --- a/gen/18/20.md +++ b/gen/18/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "outcry" is expressed as the verb "accuse." AT: "so many people have been accusing the people of Sodom and Gomorrah of doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# their sin is so serious -* **the accusations against Sodom and Gomorrah** - This could be translated as "the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah." People were strongly condemning the people of Sodom and Gomorrha for their wickedness. They may have been calling on God to punish them. -* **their sin is so very grave** - "their sin is so serious" or "they have sinned so much" -* **I will now go down there** - "I will now go down to Sodom and Gomorrah" -* **go down there and see** - "go down there to find out" or "go down there to decide" -* **as wicked as the accusations that have come to me indicate ** - This can also be translated as "as wicked as I have heard they are." -* **If not** - "If they are not as wicked as the outcry suggests" +"they have sinned so much" + +# I will now go down there + +"I will now go down to Sodom and Gomorrah" + +# go down there and see + +"go down there to find out" or "go down there to decide" + +# see the outcry ... that has come to me + +Yahweh speaks as if he knew about this matter because he had heard the cries and accusations coming from the people who had suffered. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "outcry" is expressed as the verb "accuse." AT: "as wicked as those who are accusing them say that they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# If not + +"If they are not as wicked as the outcry suggests" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/22.md b/gen/18/22.md index 66e7456035..93144e981c 100644 --- a/gen/18/22.md +++ b/gen/18/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# turned from there -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +"went out from Abraham's camp" -## translationNotes +# Abraham remained standing before Yahweh -* **turned from there** - "went out from Abraham's camp" -* **Abraham remained standing before Yahweh** - "Abraham and Yahweh remained together" -* **approached** - "approached Yahweh" or "stepped closer to Yahweh" -* **sweep away** - "destroy" +"Abraham and Yahweh remained together" + +# approached + +"approached Yahweh" or "stepped closer to Yahweh" + +# sweep away + +Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. AT: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous with the wicked + +"the righteous people with the wicked people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/24.md b/gen/18/24.md index c3058d250d..81f3662fa0 100644 --- a/gen/18/24.md +++ b/gen/18/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:sweep]] +Abraham continues talking to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Perhaps there are -* Abraham continues talking to Yahweh. -* **Perhaps there are** - "Suppose there are" -* **Will you sweep it away** - Abraham was hoping that God would say "I will not sweep it away." -* **sweep it away** - "destroy it" -* **and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there?** - Abraham was hoping that God would say "I will spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people there." -* **spare the place** - This can be translated as "put up with" or "refrain from killing" or "let the people live." -* **for the sake of** - "because of" -* **Far be it from you** - "It is not like you" or "It seems far from your manner" -* **such a thing, killing** - "such a thing as killing" or "such a thing, that is, killing" -* **Will not the Judge of all the earth do what is just?** - Abraham used this a rhetorical question to say what he expected God to do: “The Judge of all the earth will certainly do what is just.” Since Abraham was speaking to the judge of all the earth, it may be more natural in some languages to say "you": "Since you are the Judge of all the earth, you will surely do what is right." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]].) +"Suppose there are" + +# Will you sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there? + +Abraham was hoping that Yahweh would say, "I will not sweep it away." AT: "I think you would not sweep it away. Instead, you would spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# sweep it away + +"destroy it." Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. AT: "destroy the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there? + +Abraham was hoping that God would say "I will spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people there." + +# spare the place + +"let the people live" + +# for the sake of + +"because of" + +# Far be it from you to do such a thing + +Here "Far be it from you" is an idiom that means the person should never do something like that. AT: "I would never want you to do something like that" or "You should not want to do something like that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# such a thing, killing + +"such a thing as killing" or "such a thing, that is, killing" + +# the righteous should be treated the same as the wicked + +This can be stated in active from. AT: "you should treat the righteous the same way you treat the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Will not the Judge of all the earth do what is just? + +Abraham used this rhetorical question to say what he expected God to do. AT: "The Judge of all the earth will certainly do what is just!" or "Since you are the Judge of all the earth, you will surely do what is right!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Judge + +God is often referred to as a judge because he is the one perfect judge who makes the final decisions about what is right or wrong. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/27.md b/gen/18/27.md index 557c0853c7..75e4c70872 100644 --- a/gen/18/27.md +++ b/gen/18/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +The phrase "Look" here draws attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# I have undertaken to speak -* **Look what I have done, taking it upon myself to speak to my Lord** - This can be translated as "Forgive me for daring to speak to my Lord" -* **only dust and ashes** - This metaphor describes Abraham as a human being, who will die and whose body will turn into to dust and ashes. It can also be translated as "only a mortal man" or "as unimportant as dust and ashes." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **five less than fifty righteous** - "only forty-five righteous people" -* **for lack of five** - "if there are five fewer righteous people" -* **I will not destroy it** - "I will not destroy Sodom and Gomorrah" +"Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you" or "Excuse me for daring to speak" + +# to my Lord + +Abraham shows his respect to Yahweh by speaking to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else. AT: "to you, my Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# only dust and ashes + +This metaphor describes Abraham as a human being, who will die and whose body will turn into to dust and ashes. AT: "only a mortal man" or "as unimportant as dust and ashes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# five less than fifty righteous + +"only forty-five righteous people" + +# for lack of five + +"if there are five fewer righteous people" + +# I will not destroy it + +"I will not destroy Sodom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/29.md b/gen/18/29.md index 80cf90754f..8d40c19d0c 100644 --- a/gen/18/29.md +++ b/gen/18/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# He spoke to him -* [[en:tw:lord]] +"Abraham spoke to Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# if there are forty found there -* **He spoke to him** - "Abraham spoke to Yahweh" -* **if there are forty found there** - This means "if you find forty righteous people in Sodom and Gomorrah." -* **He replied** - "Yahweh answered" -* **I will not do it for the forty's sake** - This can be translated as "I will not destroy the cities if I find forty righteous people there." -* **thirty** - "thirty righteous people" or "thirty good people" -* **Look** - The phrase "Look" here draws attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **I have undertaken to speak** - "I have been so bold to speak to you." It can also be translated as "Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you" or "Excuse me for daring to speak." -* **twenty** - "twenty righteous people" or "twenty good people" +This means "if you find forty righteous people in Sodom and Gomorrah." + +# He replied + +"Yahweh answered" + +# I will not do it for the forty's sake + +"I will not destroy the cities if I find forty righteous people there" + +# thirty + +"thirty righteous people" or "thirty good people" + +# Look + +The phrase "Look" here draws attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# I have undertaken to speak + +"Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you" or "Excuse me for daring to speak." See how this is translated in [Genesis 18:27](./27.md). + +# twenty + +"twenty righteous people" or "twenty good people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/32.md b/gen/18/32.md index 09a1bb3e07..328a6203e8 100644 --- a/gen/18/32.md +++ b/gen/18/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Perhaps ten will be found there -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +"Perhaps you will find ten righteous people there" -## translationNotes +# ten -* **Perhaps ten will be found there** - "Perhaps you will find ten righteous people there" -* **ten** - "ten righteous people" or "ten good people" -* **And he said** - "And Yahweh answered" -* **for the ten's sake** - "if I find ten righteous people there" -* **Yahweh went on his way** - "Yahweh departed" or "Yahweh left" +"ten righteous people" or "ten good people" + +# Then he said + +"And Yahweh answered" + +# for the ten's sake + +"if I find ten righteous people there" + +# Yahweh went on his way + +Here "went on his way" is an idiom that means he left, or he continued his journey. Yahweh appeared to Abraham in human form as a traveler. AT: "Yahweh departed" or "Yahweh continued on his journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/intro.md b/gen/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d4125a56f --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Genesis 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Three men ##### +The three men who visited Abraham were probably angels. This is evident from Abraham's reaction to them. Also, it appears Abraham knew that he was speaking directly to Yahweh through these men. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/angel]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +##### Disbelief ##### +When Sarah heard the news that she was going to have a baby, she laughed in disbelief because she was considered too old to have a baby. She also asked a rhetorical question in order to further show her disbelief. This would have been considered an insult to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unbeliever]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +In his exchange with God, Abraham did not show any sign of unbelief. Instead, he is asking God for mercy because he trusted in the character of God. He does not question God's power to accomplish things as Sarah had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Sarah's age ##### + +It should be apparent that Sarah was physically no longer able to have children because of her age. There is a natural period in a woman's life when she stops being able to have children. The text assumes the reader understands that Sarah has already experienced this event. In English, this is called "menopause." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/01.md b/gen/19/01.md index d2175c6fb0..0d549432d9 100644 --- a/gen/19/01.md +++ b/gen/19/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# The two angels -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +Genesis 18 says that two men went to Sodom. Here we learn that they are really angels. (See: [Genesis 18:22](../18/22.md)) -## translationNotes +# the gate of Sodom -* **The two angels** - Genesis 18 said that two men went to Sodom. Here we learn that they are really angels. (See: [[en:bible:notes:gen:18:22]]) -* **the gate of Sodom** - "the entrance of the city Sodom." The city had a wall around it, and people had to go through a gate to get into it. This was a very important place in a city. Important people often spent time there. -* **I urge you to turn aside into your servant's house** - This can be translated as "Please come and stay in your servant's house." -* **your servant's house** - Lot referred to himself as their servant in order to show them respect. -* **wash your feet** - People liked to wash their feet after traveling. -* **rise up early** - "wake up early" -* **we will spend the night** - When the two angels said this, they were referring only to themselves, not to Lot. The two of them planed to spend the night in the square. Some languages would use the exclusive form of "we" here. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]). -* **town square** - This is a public, outdoor place in the town. -* **they went with him** - "they turned and went with him" +"the entrance to the city of Sodom." The city had a wall around it, and people had to go through a gate to get into it. This was a very important place in a city. Important people often spent time there. + +# bowed down with his face to the ground + +He put his knees on the ground then touched his forehead and nose to the ground. + +# my masters + +This was a term of respect Lot used for the angels. + +# I urge you to turn aside into your servant's house + +"Please come and stay in your servant's house" + +# your servant's house + +Lot refers to himself as their servant in order to show them respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# wash your feet + +People liked to wash their feet after traveling. + +# rise up early + +"wake up early" + +# we will spend the night + +When the two angels said this, they were referring only to themselves, not to Lot. The two of them planned to spend the night in the square. Some languages would use the exclusive form of "we" here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# town square + +This is a public, outdoor place in the town. + +# they went with him + +"they turned and went with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/04.md b/gen/19/04.md index 02c61fa14d..23f29dd172 100644 --- a/gen/19/04.md +++ b/gen/19/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# before they lay down -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +"before the people in Lot's house lay down to go to sleep" -## translationNotes +# the men of the city, the men of Sodom -* **before they lay down** - The word "they" refers to the people in Lot's house. -* **the men of the city, the men of Sodom** - "the men of the city, that is, the men of Sodom" or just "the men of the city of Sodom" -* **the house** - "Lot's house" -* **both young and old** - This means "men of all ages" and refers to the men of Sodom who were surrounding Lot's house. It could be translated "from the youngest to the oldest." -* **that came in to you** - "that went in to your house" -* **have relations with them** - "have sex with them" (UDB) +"the men of the city, that is, the men of Sodom" or just "the men of the city of Sodom" + +# the house + +"Lot's house" + +# both young and old + +"from the youngest to the oldest." This means "men of all ages" and refers to the men of Sodom who were surrounding Lot's house. + +# that came in to you + +"that went into your house" + +# sleep with them + +"engage in sex with them." Your language may have a more polite way of saying this. AT: "know them intimately or sexually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/06.md b/gen/19/06.md index 72bd7d956d..387f59571a 100644 --- a/gen/19/06.md +++ b/gen/19/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# after himself -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +"behind him" or "after he went through" -## translationNotes +# I beg you, my brothers -* **after himself** - "behind him" or "after he went through" -* **I beg you, my brothers** - "I plead with you, my brothers" -* **my brothers** - Lot spoke in a friendly way to the men of the city hoping that they would listen to him. It can also be translated as "my friends." -* **do not act so wickedly** - "do not do something so wicked" or "do not do such a wicked thing" -* **Look** - "Pay attention" or "Look here" -* **have not had relations with any man** - "have not had sex with any man" -* **whatever is good in your eyes** - "whatever you desire" or "whatever you want" -* **under the shadow of my roof** - "under the protection of my house." The two men were guests in Lot's home, so he was obligated to protect them. +"I plead with you, my brothers" + +# my brothers + +Lot spoke in a friendly way to the men of the city hoping that they would listen to him. AT: "my friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# do not act so wickedly + +"do not do something so wicked" or "do not do such a wicked thing" + +# Look + +"Pay attention" or "Look here" + +# have not slept with + +"have not engaged in sex with." Your language may have a more polite way of saying this. AT: "have not known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# whatever is good in your eyes + +"whatever you desire" or "whatever you think is right" + +# under the shadow of my roof + +The two men were guests in Lot's home, so he needed to protect them. The word "roof" is a synecdoche for the whole house and a metaphor for Lot protecting them. AT: "into my house, and God expects me to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/09.md b/gen/19/09.md index e38ce637ac..2d210b1ffb 100644 --- a/gen/19/09.md +++ b/gen/19/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Stand back! -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] +"Step aside!" or "Get out of our way!" -## translationNotes +# This one came here to live as a foreigner -* **Stand back!** - "Step aside!" or "Get out of our way!" (UDB) -* **This one came here to live as a foreigner** - "This one came here as an outsider" or "This foreigner came to live here" -* **This one** - "This one" refers to Lot. -* **and now he has become our judge** - "and now he is judging us" -* **They pressed hard against the man, against Lot** - This can be translated as "and they pushed Lot forcefully" -* **against the man, against Lot** - This is two ways of referring to Lot. -* **and came near to break down the door** - "and moved close to the door in order to break it down" +"This one came here as an outsider" or "This foreigner came to live here" + +# This one + +"Lot." The men are speaking to each other. If this would be unclear in your language, you may have the men speak to Lot here, as in UDB. + +# and now + +The speaker would not expect a foreigner to judge the people of that land. AT: "but even though he has no good reason to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he has become our judge + +Here "has become our judge" is an idiom that means Lot is acting as if he can tell the men what actions are right or wrong. AT: "he acts as if he has the authority to tell us what is right and what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Now we + +"Because you are telling us that what we are doing is wrong, we" + +# we will deal worse with you than with them + +The men are angry that Lot said, "Do not act so wickedly" ([Genesis 19:7](./06.md)), so they are threatening to act more wickedly than Lot had feared at first. AT: "we will act more wickedly with you than we will with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They pressed hard against the man, against Lot, and came near to break down the door + +Possible meanings are 1) "They kept coming closer to the man, to Lot, until they were close enough to break down the door" or 2) they physically pushed Lot up against the wall or door of the house and were about to break the door down. + +# the man ... Lot + +This is two ways of referring to Lot. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/10.md b/gen/19/10.md index a6aecd6cd0..650773fa5a 100644 --- a/gen/19/10.md +++ b/gen/19/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# But the men -* [[en:tw:lot]] +"But Lot's two guests" or "But the two angels" -## translationNotes +# the men reached out their hands and brought ... them and shut -* **But the men** - "But Lot's two guests" or "But the two angels" -* **Lot's visitors attacked them with blindness** - "Lot's visitors blinded them" or "they took away their sight." The phrase "attacked them" is a [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] that does not involve physical hitting. -* **both young and old** - "men of all ages." This could also be translated as "both small and great" and indicate social standing rather than age. -* **so that they wore themselves out trying to find the door** - "so that they got tired of trying to find the door" +Your language may need to add that the men opened the door first. AT: 'the men opened the door far enough so they could reach out their hands and pull ... them, and then they shut" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Lot's visitors struck with blindness the men + +The phrase "struck with blindness" is a metaphor; the visitors did not physically hit the men. AT: "Lot's visitors blinded the men" or "they took away their sight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# both young and old + +"men of all ages." This merism emphasizes that the visitors blinded all the men. This could indicate social standing rather than age. AT: "both small and great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/12.md b/gen/19/12.md index f1d6d49323..e816bafb92 100644 --- a/gen/19/12.md +++ b/gen/19/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the men said -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Then the two men said" or "Then the angels said" -## translationNotes +# Do you have anyone else here? -* **Then the men said** - "Then the two men said" or "Then the angels said" -* **Do you have anyone else here?** - "Are there any other members of your family in the city?" or Do you have any other family members in this place? -* **whoever you have in the city** - "any other members of your family living in this city" -* **we are about to destroy** - The word "we" here is exclusive. Only the two angels would destroy the city; Lot would not destroy it. If your language has an exclusive form of "we," use it here. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **the accusations against it before Yahweh have become so loud ** - This could also be translated as "people have made so many accusations against the people of this city to Yahweh...." +"Are there any other members of your family in the city?" or "Do you have any other family members in this place?" + +# whoever you have in the city + +"any other members of your family living in this city" + +# we are about to destroy + +The word "we" here is exclusive. Only the two angels would destroy the city; Lot would not destroy it. If your language has an exclusive form of "we," use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# the accusations against it before Yahweh have become so loud + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "accusations" is expressed as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 18:20](../18/20.md). AT: "so many people have been telling Yahweh that the people of this city are doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/14.md b/gen/19/14.md index 09e1a31705..7615affa66 100644 --- a/gen/19/14.md +++ b/gen/19/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Lot went out -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sweep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"So Lot left the house" -## translationNotes +# his sons-in-law, the men who had promised to marry his daughters -* **Lot went out** - This could be translated "So Lot left the house." -* **his sons-in-law, the men who had promised to marry his daughters** - in-law, the men who had promised to marry his daughters** - The phrase "the men who had promised to marry his daughters" explains what "sons-in-law" means here. It could also be translated as "the men who were going to marry his daughters" or "his daughters' fiancés" -* **Get going** - "Go now" -* **you are not swept away in the punishment of the city** - "so Yahweh does not also destroy you when he punishes the the people of this city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The phrase "the men who had promised to marry his daughters" explains what "sons-in-law" means here. AT: "the men who were going to marry his daughters" or "his daughters' fiancés" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# When the morning dawned + +"Just before the sun came up" + +# Get going + +"Go now" + +# you are not swept away in the punishment of the city + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so Yahweh does not also destroy you when he punishes the people of this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# not swept away in the punishment + +God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of the city + +Here "city" stands for the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/16.md b/gen/19/16.md index 8e45280625..c4fde9cb08 100644 --- a/gen/19/16.md +++ b/gen/19/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# But he lingered -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:sweep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"But Lot hesitated" or "But Lot did not start to leave" -## translationNotes +# So the men grabbed -* **But he lingered** - This can be translated as "But Lot hesitated" or "But Lot did not start to leave." -* **So the men grabbed** - "So the two men grabbed" or "So the angels grabbed" -* **was merciful to him** - "had compassion on Lot" -* **When they had brought them out** - "When the two men had brought Lot's family out" -* **Run for your lives!** - "Run away and save your lives!" -* **so you are not swept away** - AT: "or else God will destroy you along with the people of the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"So the two men grabbed" or "So the angels grabbed" + +# was merciful to him + +"had compassion on Lot." Yahweh is described as being "merciful" because he was sparing the lives of Lot and his family instead of destroying them when he destroyed the people of Sodom for the wrong they had done. + +# When they had brought them out + +"When the two men had brought Lot's family out" + +# Run for your lives! + +This is a way of telling them to run so that they do not die. AT: "Run away and save your lives!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do not look back + +The phrase "at the city" is understood. AT: "Do not look back at the city" or "Do not look back at Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# on the plain + +This means the plain of the Jordan River. This refers to the general region of the Jordan River. + +# so you are not swept away + +It is understood that they would swept away with the people of the city. This can be stated in active form. AT: "or else God will destroy you along with the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# not swept away + +God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/18.md b/gen/19/18.md index ae5524f0d4..04e614b36b 100644 --- a/gen/19/18.md +++ b/gen/19/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Your servant has found favor in your eyes -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "You have been pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Your servant has -* **Your servant has found favor in your sight** - "You have been pleased with me" (UDB) or "I have been accepted by you" -* **Your servant** - "I." Lot was showing respect by referring to himself as "your servant." -* **you have shown me great kindness in saving my life** - "you have been very kind to me by saving my life" -* **I cannot escape to the mountains, because the disaster will overtake me** - The implicit information about why the disaster would overtake him can be made explicit: "I cannot escape to those faraway mountains because the disaster will reach me before I can get there." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **(is it not a little one?)** - Lot used this rhetorical question to get the angels to notice that the city really is a small one. It can also be translated as "See how small it is." You could also translate this before or after the last sentence. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **my life will be saved** - The implied information about how his life would be saved can be made explicit: "My life will be saved if you do not destroy that city." +Lot was showing respect by referring to himself as "your servant." AT: "I, your servant, have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you have shown me great kindness in saving my life + +The abstract noun "kindness" can be stated as "kind." AT: "you have been very kind to me by saving my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I cannot escape to the mountains, because the disaster will overtake me, and I will die + +Being unable to get far enough away from Sodom when God destroys the city is spoken of as if "disaster" is a person that will chase and catch up with Lot. AT: "My family and I will certainly die when God destroys the people of Sodom, because the mountains are too far away for us to get there safely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# my life ... I cannot escape ... overtake me, and I will die + +It is implied that Lot's family would die along with him. AT: "our lives ... we cannot escape ... overtake us, and we will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let me escape there (is it not a little one?), and my life will be saved + +Lot used this rhetorical question to get the angels to notice that the city really is a small one. AT: "let me escape there. You can see how small it is. If you let us go there we will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# let me escape there + +Lot's full request can be made explicit. AT: "instead of destroying that city, let me escape there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my life will be saved + +It is implied that the lives of Lot's family will be saved along with his. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "so that we will live" or "so that we will survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/21.md b/gen/19/21.md index e04133d472..350395bf05 100644 --- a/gen/19/21.md +++ b/gen/19/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am granting this request also -* [[en:tw:zoar]] +"I will do what you have asked" -## translationNotes +# cannot do anything -* **I am granting this request also** - "I will do what you have asked." -* **cannot do anything** - This can be made more explicit: "cannot do anything to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Zoar** - Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Zoar sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'little.' Lot called this town 'little' in Genesis 19:20." +This can be made more explicit. AT: "cannot destroy the other cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Zoar + +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Zoar sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'little.' Lot called this town 'little' in Genesis 19:20." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/23.md b/gen/19/23.md index b6d9e9926c..61370e14ea 100644 --- a/gen/19/23.md +++ b/gen/19/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The sun had risen upon the earth -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zoar]] +"The sun had risen over the earth." The phrase "upon the earth" can be left implicit as it is in the UDB where it is not translated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# when Lot reached Zoar -* **The sun had risen upon the earth** - "The sun had risen over the earth." The phrase "upon the earth" can be left implicit as it is in the UDB where it is not translated. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **reached Zoar** - "arrived at Zoar" or "entered Zoar" -* **Yahweh rained down upon Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from Yahweh out of the sky** - The phrase "from Yahweh" means that the sulfur and fire came from God's power. AT: “Yahweh caused sulfur and fire to fall from the sky onto Sodom and Gomorrah” -* **sulfur and fire** - This can be translated as "burning sulfur" or "burning stones and fire" or "fiery rain." -* **inhabitants of those cities** - "people who lived in those cities" -* **those cities** - This refers primarily to Sodom and Gomorrah, but also to three other towns. +It is implied that Lot's family is with him. AT: "when Lot and his family arrived at Zoar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh rained down upon Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from Yahweh out of the sky + +The phrase "from Yahweh" stands for God's power to cause the sulfur and fire to fall on the city. AT: "Yahweh caused sulfur and fire to fall from the sky onto Sodom and Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sulfur and fire + +These two words are used together to describe one object. AT: "burning sulfur" or "fiery rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# those cities + +This refers primarily to Sodom and Gomorrah, but also to three other towns. + +# the inhabitants of the cities + +"the people who lived in the cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/26.md b/gen/19/26.md index c503e88bd1..a2d3d8ddf8 100644 --- a/gen/19/26.md +++ b/gen/19/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# she became a pillar of salt -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"she became like a statue of salt" or "her body became like a tall stone of salt." Because she disobeyed the angel who told them not to look back at the city, God caused her to become something like a statue made out of rock salt. -## translationNotes +# behold -* **she became a pillar of salt** - This can be translated as "she became like a statue of salt" or "her body became like a tall stone of salt." -* **behold** - The word "behold" draws attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **like the smoke of a furnace** - This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. It can also be translated as "like the smoke from a very large fire." +The word "behold" draws attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# like the smoke of a furnace + +This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. AT: "like the smoke from a very large fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/29.md b/gen/19/29.md index da38f20a0f..1bcdcc9662 100644 --- a/gen/19/29.md +++ b/gen/19/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] +Verse 29 is a summary of this chapter. -## translationNotes +# God called Abraham to mind -* Verse 29 is a summary of of this chapter. -* **God remembered Abraham** - "God remembered to be merciful to Abraham." This tells why God rescued Lot. -* **out of the midst of the destruction** - This can be translated as "away from the destruction" or "out of the area that was being destroyed" or "away from danger." +This tells why God rescued Lot. To "call to mind" is a way of saying "remember." This does not imply that God forgot about Abraham. It means he considered Abraham and had mercy on him. AT: "God thought about Abraham and had mercy on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# out of the midst of the destruction + +"away from the destruction" or "away from danger" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/30.md b/gen/19/30.md index 833eec17e3..04e96487df 100644 --- a/gen/19/30.md +++ b/gen/19/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Lot went up from Zoar to live in the mountains -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:zoar]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this verse. +The phrase "went up from" is used because Lot went to a higher elevation in the mountains. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/31.md b/gen/19/31.md index 7575f23585..9c8b1f4547 100644 --- a/gen/19/31.md +++ b/gen/19/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The firstborn ... the younger -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Here "firstborn" and "younger" are nominal adjectives that refer to Lot's two daughters according to their birth order. AT: "Lot's first daughter ... Lot's last daughter" or "The older daughter ... the younger daughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# according to the way of all the world -* **The firstborn** - "Lot's first daughter" or "The older daughter" -* **the younger** - "the younger daughter." This can also be translated as "her younger sister." -* **drink wine** - This can be translated as "drink wine until he gets drunk" (UDB) or "get drunk with wine." -* **so that we may extend our father's line** - "so that we may maintain the family line of our father" or "so that we can bear children who will be our father's descendants" (UDB) -* **he did not know when she lay down, nor when she arose** - This can also be translated as "he did not know anything about it" or "he did not know that she had sexual relations with him." +Here "the world" stands for the people. AT: "as people everywhere do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# drink wine + +It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. AT: "drink wine until he gets drunk" or "get drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that we may extend our father's line + +This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. AT: "so that we can bear children who will be our father's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he did not know when she lay down, nor when she arose + +"he did not know anything about it" or "he did not know that she had slept with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/34.md b/gen/19/34.md index 60acb0cedc..250d095989 100644 --- a/gen/19/34.md +++ b/gen/19/34.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Let us make him drink wine ... nor when she arose -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +See how you translated these phrases in [Genesis 19:32-33](./31.md). -## translationNotes +# drink wine -* **that we may extend our father's line** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:19:31]]. +It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. AT: "drink wine until he gets drunk" or "get drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that we may extend our father's line + +This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. AT: "so that we can bear children who will be our father's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not know when she lay down, nor when she arose + +"he did not know anything about it" or "he did not know that she had slept with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/36.md b/gen/19/36.md index 1fccfa7e17..9ecdaad504 100644 --- a/gen/19/36.md +++ b/gen/19/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# were pregnant by their father -* [[en:tw:Moab]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] +"became pregnant by their father" or "conceived children with their father" -## translationNotes +# He became -* **were pregnant by their father** - "got pregnant from their father" or "became pregnant by their father" or "conceived children with their father" -* **He became** - "He is" -* **the Moabites of today** - "the Moab people who are now living." -* **of today** - The word "today" refers to the time when the author of Genesis was living. The author was born and wrote this many years after Lot's family lived and died. -* **the children of Ammon** - "the descendants of Ammon" or "the Ammon people" +"He is" + +# the Moabites of today + +"the Moab people who are now living" + +# of today + +The word "today" refers to the time when the author of Genesis was living. The author was born and wrote this many years after Lot's family lived and died. + +# Ben-Ammi + +This is a male name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the people of Ammon + +"the descendants of Ammon" or "the Ammon people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/intro.md b/gen/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b89eec585a --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Genesis 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The evil desires of the Sodomites ##### +The men of Sodom desired to forcibly have sexual relations with the angels who came to the city appearing as men. Such action is known as "rape." Their desire was viewed as especially evil because Lot was obligated to protect his guests at all costs, even that of sacrificing his own children for his guests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +##### Hospitality ##### +Hospitality, or being kind to a visitor, was very important in the Ancient Near East. Lot showed his guests loyalty by doing his utmost to protect them from the people of Sodom. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Contrasts ##### +It is probable that Abraham's faith and actions in chapter 18 are intended to contrast with the actions of the worldly Sodomites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/01.md b/gen/20/01.md index 90861964c5..23dddc5057 100644 --- a/gen/20/01.md +++ b/gen/20/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Shur -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:gerar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +This is a desert region on the eastern border of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# sent his men and they took Sarah -* **Shur** - This is a desert region on the eastern border of Egypt. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **sent his men and they took Sarah** - This can be translated as "made his men go get Sarah and bring her to him." -* **God came to Abimelech** - "God appeared to Abimelech" -* **Behold** - "Listen to me" (UDB). The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. -* **you are a dead man** - This is a strong way of saying "you will certainly die soon" or "I will kill you." -* **a man's wife** - "a married woman" +"made his men go get Sarah and bring her to him" + +# God came to Abimelech + +"God appeared to Abimelech" + +# Behold + +Here the word "behold" adds emphasis to what follows. "Listen to me" + +# you are a dead man + +This is a strong way of saying the king will die. AT: "you will certainly die soon" or "I will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a man's wife + +"a married woman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/04.md b/gen/20/04.md index b51673ce50..e6bf369d01 100644 --- a/gen/20/04.md +++ b/gen/20/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now ... her -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Abimelech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Abimelech had not come near her -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Abimelech. -* **Abimelech had not come near her** - "Abimelech had not had sex with Sarah" or "Abimelech had not touched Sarah" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Did he not himself say to me, 'She is my sister?'** - Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind God of something God would have already known. It can also be translated but "But Abraham himself told me 'She is my sister'." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did he not himself say** - The words “he himself” are used for emphasis to bring attention to Abraham. It can also be translated as "Did not Abraham himself say." Abimelech was showing that it was Abraham's fault that Abimelech took Sarah. -* **Even she herself said, 'He is my brother.'** - The words “she herself” are used for emphasis to bring attention to Sarah." -* **I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands** - This means "I have done this with good intentions and actions" or "I have done this with no evil thoughts or actions." Heart and hands are a figure of speech for thoughts and actions. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a polite way of saying he did not have sex with her. AT: "Abimelech had not slept with Sarah" or "Abimelech had not touched Sarah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# even a righteous nation + +Here "nation" stands for the people. Abimelech is worried that God will punish not only him, but his people also. AT: "even a people who are innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Did he not himself say to me, 'She is my sister?' Even she herself said, 'He is my brother.' + +This has quotations within a quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. AT: "Did he himself not tell me that she is his sister? Even she herself told me that he is her brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Did he not himself say to me, 'She is my sister?' + +Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind God of something God already knew. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Abraham himself told me, 'She is my sister.'" or "Abraham said that she is his sister." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did he not himself say ... Even she herself + +The words "he himself" and "she herself" are used for emphasis to bring attention to Abraham and Sarah and to blame them for what happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands + +Here "heart" stands for his thoughts or intentions. Also "hands" stands for his actions. AT: "I have done this with good intentions and actions" or "I have done this with no evil thoughts or actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/06.md b/gen/20/06.md index 6e7812b5cd..94a24d3439 100644 --- a/gen/20/06.md +++ b/gen/20/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# God said to him -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"God said to Abimelech" -## translationNotes +# in the integrity of your heart you did this -* **God said to him** - "God said to Abimelech" -* **in the integrity of your heart you did this** - "you did this with good intentions" or "you did this without evil intentions." -* **to touch her** - "to touch Sarah" -* **the man's wife** - "Abraham's wife" -* **you will live** - "I will let you live" -* **all who are yours** - "all of your people" -* [[:en:bible:notes:gen:20:04]] ]] +Here "heart" stands for his thoughts or intentions. AT: "you did this with good intentions" or "you did this without evil intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to touch her + +This is a euphemism for having sex with Sarah. AT: "to sleep with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the man's wife + +"Abraham's wife" + +# you will live + +"I will let you live" + +# all who are yours + +"all of your people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/08.md b/gen/20/08.md index e228203437..a42060ec98 100644 --- a/gen/20/08.md +++ b/gen/20/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He told all these things to them -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"He told them everything that God had told him" -## translationNotes +# What have you done to us? -* **He told all these things to them** - "He told them everything that God had told him" -* **What have you done to us?** - Abimelech used this rhetorical question to accuse Abraham. It can also be translated as “You have done something bad to us!” or “Look what you have done to us!” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to us** - The word "us" here is exclusive and does not include Abraham and Sarah. If your language uses an exclusive form of "we" or "us," use it here (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **How have I sinned against you** - Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that he had not sinned against Abraham. It can also be translated as "I have not sinned against you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin** - This can be translated as "that you should make me and my kingdom guilty of such a terrible sin." -* **You have done to me that which ought not to be done.** - "You should not have done this to me." +Abimelech used this rhetorical question to accuse Abraham. AT: "You have done something bad to us!" or "Look what you have done to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to us + +The word "us" here is exclusive and does not include Abraham and Sarah. If your language uses an exclusive form of "we" or "us," use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# How have I sinned against you, that you have brought ... sin? + +Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that he had not sinned against Abraham. AT: "I have done nothing against you to cause you to bring ... sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin + +To cause someone to be guilty of sinning is spoken of as if "sin" was a thing that could be placed on a person. AT: "that you should make me and my kingdom guilty of such a terrible sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on my kingdom + +Here "kingdom" stands for the people. AT: "on the people of my kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have done to me that which ought not to be done + +"You should not have done this to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/10.md b/gen/20/10.md index 9451f13420..edcd1054d4 100644 --- a/gen/20/10.md +++ b/gen/20/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# What prompted you to do this thing? -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"What caused you to do this?" or "Why did you do this?" What Abraham did can be stated explicitly. AT: "Why did you tell me that Sarah is your sister?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Because I thought, 'Surely there is no fear of God in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife.' -* **What prompted you to do this thing?** - "What caused you to do this?" or "Why did you do this?" What Abraham did can be stated explicitly. "Why did you tell me that Sarah is your sister?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in this place** - "in Gerar" -* **Besides, she is indeed my sister** - "Also, it is true that Sarah is my sister" or "Also, Sarah really is my sister." -* **the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother** - This can be translated as "We have the same father, but we have different mothers." +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Because I thought that since no one here fears God, someone may kill me so they can take my wife." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# no fear of God in this place + +Here "place" refers to the people. AT: "no one here in Gerar fears God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fear of God + +This means to deeply respect God and show that respect by obeying him. + +# Besides, she is indeed my sister + +"Also, it is true that Sarah is my sister" or "Also, Sarah really is my sister" + +# the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother + +"we have the same father, but we have different mothers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/13.md b/gen/20/13.md index bce286b682..daba840a7a 100644 --- a/gen/20/13.md +++ b/gen/20/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Verse 13 is a continuation of Abraham's answer to Abimelech. -## translationNotes +# my father's house -* Verse 13 is a continuation of Abraham's answer to Abimelech. -* **I said to her** - "I said to Sarah" -* **show me this faithfulness as my wife** - Alternate translation: "be faithful to me by doing this" -* **At every place where we go** - "Everywhere we go" or "Wherever we go" -* **say about me, "He is my brother."** - "tell the people living there that I am your brother." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **Abimelech took** - "Abimelech gathered" -* **oxen** - Oxen are cows or bulls that people use to pull heavy loads or do other hard work. Oxen usually work in pairs. +Here "house" stands for Abraham's family. AT: "my father and the rest of my family" or "my father's household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I said to her, 'You must show me this faithfulness as my wife: At every place where we go, say about me, "He is my brother."' + +This has quotations within quotations. They can be stated as indirect quotations. AT: "I said to Sarah that I wanted her to be faithful to me by telling people everywhere we go that I am her brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Abimelech took + +"Abimelech brought some" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/15.md b/gen/20/15.md index 74f3f2ac4e..e114be9f34 100644 --- a/gen/20/15.md +++ b/gen/20/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Abimelech said -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +"Abimelech said to Abraham" -## translationNotes +# Look -* **Abimelech said** - "Abimelech said to Abraham" -* **Look** - Here and in verse 16 the word “look” adds emphasis to what follows. -* **Settle wherever it pleases you** - "Live wherever you want" -* **a thousand** - "1,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **It is to cover any offense against you in the eyes of all that are with you.** - This can also be translated as "I am giving this to him, so that those who are with you will not think that you have done anything wrong." -* **in the eyes** - "in the minds" or "in the opinions" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **before everyone, you are made completely right** - This can be translated as "to prove to everyone that you are innocent." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here and in verse 16 the word "look" adds emphasis to what follows. + +# my land is before you + +This is a way of saying "I make all of my land available to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Settle wherever it pleases you + +"Live wherever you want" + +# a thousand + +"1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# It is to cover any offense against you in the eyes of all that are with you + +Giving money to prove to others that Sarah is innocent is spoken of as if he is placing a cover over an offense so no one can see it. AT: "I am giving this to him, so that those who are with you will know that you have done nothing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the opinion" or "in the judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before everyone, you are completely made right + +The passive phrase "made right" can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone will know that you are innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/17.md b/gen/20/17.md index 3ce898217a..08e412be80 100644 --- a/gen/20/17.md +++ b/gen/20/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# completely infertile -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"totally unable to have children" -## translationNotes +# because of Sarah, Abraham's wife -* **completely infertile** - "unable to have children" -* **because of Sarah, Abraham's wife** - "because Abimelech had taken Abraham's wife Sarah" (UDB). (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The full meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "because Abimelech had taken Abraham's wife Sarah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/intro.md b/gen/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f20fdfb9c --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Genesis 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "She is my sister" ##### +Abraham was afraid the people of Gerar would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abraham's sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]). + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### +Abraham believed that the people of Gerar did not fear Yahweh, but when confronted by Yahweh, the king showed that he feared Yahweh. Instead, it was Abraham who did not show any fear of Yahweh when he sinned. This is irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/01.md b/gen/21/01.md index e07a5ef6dd..05df52874e 100644 --- a/gen/21/01.md +++ b/gen/21/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh paid attention to Sarah -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the phrase "paid attention to" refers to Yahweh helping Sarah have a baby. AT: "Yahweh helped Sarah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# bore a son to Abraham -* **Yahweh paid attention to Sarah** - The phrase "paid attention to" implies helping or judging someone. Here it refers to Yahweh helping Sarah have a baby. This can be translated as "Yahweh helped Sarah." -* **bore a son to Abraham** - "gave birth to Abraham's son" -* **in his old age** - "when Abraham was very old" -* **at the set time of which God had spoken to him** - "at the exact time that God had told him it would happen" -* **Abraham named his son, the one who had been born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac.** - “Abraham named his newborn son, the one Sarah gave birth to, Isaac” or "Abraham named their newborn son Isaac." -* **Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old** - "When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him" -* **eight days** - "8 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **had commanded him** - "had commanded Abraham to do" +"gave birth to Abraham's son" + +# in his old age + +"when Abraham was very old" + +# at the set time of which God had spoken to him + +"at the exact time that God had told him it would happen" + +# Abraham named his son, the one who had been born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac + +"Abraham named his newborn son, the one Sarah gave birth to, Isaac" or "Abraham named their newborn son Isaac" + +# Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old + +"When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him" + +# eight days + +"8 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# had commanded him + +"had commanded Abraham to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/05.md b/gen/21/05.md index bd8d40992a..80e2e0d1c3 100644 --- a/gen/21/05.md +++ b/gen/21/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# one hundred -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +"100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# God has made me laugh -* **one hundred** - "100" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **God has made me laugh** - Sarah was laughing because she was surprised and happy. This can also be translated as "God has caused me to laugh joyfully." -* **every one who hears** - What people would hear can be stated explicitly: "everyone who hears about what God has done for me" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children** - This is a rhetorical question which emphasizes how unlikely it was for Sarah to have children. It can also be translated as a statement: "No one would have ever said to Abraham, 'Sarah will nurse children.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **nurse children** - This refers to breast-feeding babies. It can also be translated as "feed a baby her own milk" or "have a baby and feed it." +Sarah was laughing because she was surprised and happy. This can be made explicit. AT: "God has caused me to laugh joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# every one who hears + +What people would hear can be stated explicitly. AT: "everyone who hears about what God has done for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one would have ever said to Abraham that Sarah will nurse children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# nurse children + +This is a polite way of referring to breast-feeding babies. AT: "feed a baby her own milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/08.md b/gen/21/08.md index 80708d80ac..fc3417c1c0 100644 --- a/gen/21/08.md +++ b/gen/21/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The child grew and ... Isaac was weaned -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hagar]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +"Wean" is a polite way of saying the child was finished with breast feeding. AT: "Isaac grew, and when he no longer needed his mother's milk, Abraham had a large feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham -* **The child grew and was weaned** - This can be translated as "The baby grew and no longer needed his mother's milk" or "The baby grew, and his mother stopped feeding him her milk." -* **The child grew and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned** - "The child grew, and when Isaac no longer needed mother's milk, Abraham had a large feast." The phrases "the child" and "Isaac" both refer to to Abraham and Sarah's baby boy. -* **the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, mocking** - The name of Hagar's son can be stated explicitly. "Ishmael, the son of Hagar the Egyptian and Abraham, laughing at Isaac." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The name of Hagar's son can be stated explicitly. AT: "Ishmael, the son of Hagar the Egyptian and Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# mocking + +It can be stated explicitly that he was jeering or laughing at Isaac. AT: "laughing at Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/10.md b/gen/21/10.md index a5abed0554..37ff23e6b3 100644 --- a/gen/21/10.md +++ b/gen/21/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# she said to Abraham -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Sarah said to Abraham" -## translationNotes +# Drive out -* **she said to Abraham** - "Sarah said to Abraham" -* **Drive out** - "send away" or "get rid of" (UDB) -* **this slave woman and her son** - This refers to Hagar and Ishmael. Sarah probably did not refer to to them by name because she was angry with them. -* **with my son, with Isaac** - "with my son Isaac" -* **This thing was very grievous to Abraham** - "Abraham was very unhappy about what Sarah said" -* **because of his son** - "because it was about his son" +"send away" or "get rid of" + +# this slave woman and her son + +This refers to Hagar and Ishmael. Sarah probably did not refer to them by name because she was angry with them. + +# with my son, with Isaac + +"with my son Isaac" + +# This thing was very grievous to Abraham + +"Abraham was very unhappy about what Sarah said" + +# because of his son + +"because it was about his son." It is implied that this means his son, Ishmael. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/12.md b/gen/21/12.md index 8a5b3df55e..93efb07135 100644 --- a/gen/21/12.md +++ b/gen/21/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be grieved because of the lad, and because of your servant woman -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Do not be upset about the boy and your handmaid" -## translationNotes +# Listen to her words in all she says to you about this matter -* **Do not be grieved because of the lad, and because of your servant woman** - "Do not be upset about the boy and your handmaid." -* **Listen to her words in all she says to you about this matter** - Since listening implies doing, it can also be translated as "Do everything that Sarah says to you about them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **that your descendants will be named** - This can be translated with an active clause: "that people will name your descendants" or "that people will list your descendants." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it is through Isaac that your descendants will be named** - This can be translated as "Isaac is the one from whom all of your descendants will come" or "Isaac is the one who will be the forefather of the descendants I promised to give you" (UDB). -* **I will also make the son of the servant woman into a nation** - This can be translated as "I will also make the descendants of the servant woman's son to become a great nation" or "I will make the servant woman's son also become the ancestor of a great nation." +"Do everything that Sarah says to you about them" + +# it is through Isaac that your descendants will be named + +The phrase "will be named" means those born through Isaac are the ones God considers to be the descendants that he promised Abraham. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Isaac is the one who will be the forefather of the descendants I promised to give you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will also make the son of the servant woman into a nation + +The word "nation" means God will give him many descendants so that they become a great nation of people. AT: "I will make the servant woman's son also become the father of a great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/14.md b/gen/21/14.md index 75f50a7957..1182cb167d 100644 --- a/gen/21/14.md +++ b/gen/21/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# took bread -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:hagar]] +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to food in general or 2) this refers to bread specifically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# a skin of water -* **bread** - This may have referred to food in general (as in the UDB) or specifically to bread. -* **a skin of water** - "a bag of water." The water container was made out of animal skin. -* **When the water in the waterskin was gone** - This can be translated as "when the water bag was empty" -* **about the distance of a bowshot away** - This refers to the distance that a person could shoot an arrow with a bow. This is about 100 meters. -* **Let me not look upon the death of the child** - "I do not want to watch the boy die" -* **she lifted up her voice and wept** - "she cried out loudly and wept" or "she wept loudly" +"a bag of water." The water container was made out of animal skin. + +# When the water in the waterskin was gone + +"When the water bag was empty" or "When they had drank all of the water" + +# about the distance of a bowshot away + +This refers to the distance that a person could shoot an arrow with a bow. This is about 100 meters. + +# Let me not look upon the death of the child + +The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "die." AT: "I do not want to watch the boy die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# she lifted up her voice and wept + +Here "voice" stands for the sound of her crying. To "life up her voice" means to cry loudly. AT: "she cried out loudly and wept" or "she wept loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/17.md b/gen/21/17.md index 608389bce6..f5b5645341 100644 --- a/gen/21/17.md +++ b/gen/21/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the voice of the lad -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hagar]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +"the boy's voice." Here "voice" stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. AT: "the sound of Ishmael" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the angel of God -* **the voice of the lad** - "the boy's voice" or "the sound of Ishmael" (UDB) -* **the angel of God** - "a messenger from God" or "God's messenger" -* **What troubles you** - This can be translated as "What is wrong" or "Why are you crying" -* **the voice of the lad where he is** - "the voice of the boy lying over there" -* **raise up the lad** - "help the boy stand up" -* **I will make him into a great nation** - This can be translated as "I will make his descendants become a great nation" or "I will make him become the ancestor of a great nation." +"a messenger from God" or "God's messenger" + +# out of heaven + +Here "heaven" means the place where God lives. + +# What troubles you + +"What is wrong" or "Why are you crying" + +# the voice of the lad where he is + +Here "voice" stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. AT: "the sound of the boy lying over there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# raise up the lad + +"help the boy stand up" + +# I will make him into a great nation + +To make Ishmael into a great nation means God will give him many descendants who will become a great nation. AT: "I will make his descendants become a great nation" or "I will make him become the ancestor of a great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/19.md b/gen/21/19.md index 1d94597451..2476af88ea 100644 --- a/gen/21/19.md +++ b/gen/21/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# God opened her eyes, and she saw -* [[en:tw:archer]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:paran]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +God making Hagar aware of the well is spoken of as if he literally opened her eyes. AT: "God caused Hagar to see" or "God showed her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the skin -* **God opened her eyes, and she saw** - "God caused Hagar to see" or "God showed Hagar" (UDB). The phrase "opened her eyes" is an idiom that means "made her aware of." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the skin** - "the container made of skin" or "the bag" -* **the lad** - "the boy" or "Ishmael" -* **God was with the lad** - "God guided the boy" or "God blessed the boy" -* **he became an archer** - An archer is a person who hunts with a bow and arrows. This can be translated as "he became very skilled at using a bow and arrows." -* **got a wife** - "found a wife" +"the container made of skin" or "the bag" + +# the lad + +"the boy" or "Ishmael" + +# God was with the lad + +Here the phrase "was with" is an idiom that means God helped or blessed the boy. AT: "God guided the boy" or "God blessed the boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# became an archer + +"became very skilled at using a bow and arrows" + +# got a wife + +"found a wife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/22.md b/gen/21/22.md index 411573a637..727c46fb31 100644 --- a/gen/21/22.md +++ b/gen/21/22.md @@ -1,24 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about at that time -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abimelech|Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:abraham|Abraham, Abram]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# Phicol -* **It came about at that time** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Phicol** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **captain** - "commander" (UDB) -* **his army ** - The word "his" refers to Abimelech. -* **God is with you in all that you do** - "God blesses everything you do" -* **Now therefore** - "Therefore" -* **swear to me here by God** - "promise me in the name of God" or "promise me with God as your witness" -* **that you will not deal falsely with me** - "that you will not lie to me" -* **covenant faithfulness** - This faithfulness because the two men had made a covenant with each other. It can be translated as "faithfulness because of our covenant" or "faithfulness" or "loyalty." -* **to the land** - "to the people of the land -* **I swear** - "I swear to show you the kindness you have shown to me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# captain of his army + +"commander of his army" + +# his army + +The word "his" refers to Abimelech. + +# God is with you in all that you do + +Here the phrase "is with you" is an idiom that means God helps or blesses Abraham. AT: "God blesses everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Now therefore + +The word "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. AT: "Therefore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# swear to me here by God + +This is an idiom meaning to make a solemn oath witnessed by a higher authority, in this instance, God. AT: "promise me with God as your witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that you will not deal falsely with me + +"that you will not lie to me" + +# will not deal falsely ... with my descendants + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will deal honestly with me and my descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Show to me ... covenant faithfulness that I have shown to you + +The two men had made a covenant with each other. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "loyal." AT: "Be as faithful to me and to the land as I have been to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to the land + +Here "land" stands for the people. AT: "to the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I swear + +This can be stated with the understood information. AT: "I swear to be as faithful to you and your people as you have been to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/25.md b/gen/21/25.md index 77c8e82683..7e8baec1cd 100644 --- a/gen/21/25.md +++ b/gen/21/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Abraham also complained to Abimelech -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +Possible meanings are 1) Abraham was complaining about what happened or 2) "Abraham also rebuked Abimelech" -## translationNotes +# concerning a well of water that Abimelech's servants had seized from him -* **Abraham complained to Abimelech concerning a well of water that Abimelech’s servants had seized from him.** - This can be translated as "Abraham rebuked Abimelech because Abimelech's servants had taken one of Abraham's wells." -* **seized from him** - "taken from Abraham" or "had taken control of" (UDB) -* **I have not heard of it until today** - This can be translated as "and I did not hear about it until today" or "This is the first time I have heard about it." +"because Abimelech's servants had taken one of Abraham's wells" + +# seized from him + +"taken from Abraham" or "had taken control of" + +# I have not heard of it until today + +"This is the first time I have heard about it" + +# Abraham took sheep and oxen and gave them to Abimelech + +This is a sign of friendship and that Abraham agrees to make covenant with Abimelech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/28.md b/gen/21/28.md index a5cc8e7d62..8e509f7a97 100644 --- a/gen/21/28.md +++ b/gen/21/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Abraham set seven female lambs of the flock by themselves -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"Abraham separated seven female lambs from the flock" -## translationNotes +# seven -* **Abraham set seven female lambs of the flock by themselves** - "Abraham separated seven female lambs from the flock" -* **seven** - "7" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the flock** - This refers to the group of Abraham's sheep. -* **What is the meaning of these seven female lambs that you have set by themselves?** - "Why have you separated these seven lambs from the flock?" -* **you will receive ** - "you will take" -* **from my hand** - "from me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **so that it may be a witness for me** - This can be translated as "to prove to everyone." +"7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# What is the meaning of these seven female lambs that you have set by themselves? + +"Why have you separated these seven lambs from the flock?" + +# you will receive + +"you will take" + +# from my hand + +Here "hand" stands for Abraham. AT: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# it may be a witness + +The word "it" refers to the gift of seven lambs. + +# so that it may be a witness for me + +The abstract noun "witness" can be stated as "to prove." AT: "to prove to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/31.md b/gen/21/31.md index e1c2b00b3d..4ad387c226 100644 --- a/gen/21/31.md +++ b/gen/21/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he called that place -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +"Abraham called that place" -## translationNotes +# Beersheba -* **he called that place** - "Abraham called that place" -* **Beersheba** - Translators may add a footnote saying "Beersheba can mean either "well of the oath" or "well of seven." -* **they both** - "Abraham and Abimelech" -* **Phicol** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:21:22]]. -* **returned into the land of the Philistines** - "went back to the land of the Philistines" +Translators may add a footnote saying "Beersheba can mean either "well of the oath" or "well of seven." + +# they both + +"Abraham and Abimelech" + +# Phicol + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 21:22](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/33.md b/gen/21/33.md index 796e3425da..051ead5131 100644 --- a/gen/21/33.md +++ b/gen/21/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a tamarisk tree -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an evergreen tree that can grow in the desert. It can be stated more generally. AT: "a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# the eternal God -* **a tamarisk tree** - This refers to an evergreen tree that can grow in the desert. It can also be translated as "a tree." -* **the eternal God** - "the God who lives forever" +"the God who lives forever" + +# many days + +"for a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/intro.md b/gen/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c41ecdbbe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Genesis 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sarah's anger ##### +After Sarah was able to have her own child, and he survived infancy, she began to get angry with Abraham's other son, Ishmael. He would have been a constant reminder of her own sin. God blessed Ishmael, but he was not able to inherit the promises given to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Abandoning Ishmael ##### +According to the law at this time, Hagar was able to gain her freedom from slavery by abandoning any claim to receive an inheritance. This is why Hagar would have abandoned her son under the tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Treaty ##### +The Gentile king, Abimelech, made a covenant or treaty with Abraham. It is possible that he did this because he recognized the power of Abraham's God, but his exact reasons are unknown. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/01.md b/gen/22/01.md index d4f0e6d1ce..3e0c3dee60 100644 --- a/gen/22/01.md +++ b/gen/22/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# after these things -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **after these things** - The phrase "after these things" refers to the events in chapter 21. -* **Here I am** - This can be translated as "Yes?" or "What is it?" or "I am listening." -* **Take your son, your only son, whom you love, Isaac** - This can be translated as "Even though you love him, take Isaac, your only son." -* **the land of Moriah** - "the land called Moriah" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **saddled his donkey** - "loaded his donkey" or "put on his donkey what he needed for the journey" -* **young men** - "servants" (UDB) -* **set out on his journey** - "started his journey" or "started traveling" (UDB) +This phrase refers to the events in chapter 21. + +# God tested Abraham + +It is implied that God tests Abraham to learn if Abraham will be faithful to him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: God tested Abraham's faithfulness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Here I am + +"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" + +# your only son + +It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "your only son whom I have promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# whom you love + +This emphasizes Abraham's love for his son, Isaac. + +# the land of Moriah + +"the land called Moriah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# saddled his donkey + +"loaded his donkey" or "put on his donkey what he needed for the journey" + +# young men + +"servants" + +# set out on his journey + +"started his journey" or "started traveling" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/04.md b/gen/22/04.md index 0dbdbe3e98..6531814619 100644 --- a/gen/22/04.md +++ b/gen/22/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# On the third day -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The word "third" is the ordinal number for three. AT: "After traveling for three days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# saw the place afar off -* **saw the place afar off** - "saw far away the place that God had spoken of" -* **young men** - "servants" (UDB) -* **We will worship** - The word "we" refers only to Abraham and Isaac. (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **come again to you** - "return to you." -* **put it on Isaac his son** - "had Isaac, his son, carry it" -* **He took in his own hand** - "Abraham himself carried" -* **the fire** - "something for starting a fire" (UDB). It could have been a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. -* **they went both of them together** - "they left together" or "the two of them went together" +"saw far away the place that God had spoken of" + +# young men + +"servants" + +# We will worship + +The word "we" refers only to Abraham and Isaac, but not to the young men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# come again to you + +"return to you" + +# put it on Isaac his son + +"had Isaac, his son, carry it" + +# He took in his own hand + +Here "his own hand" emphasizes that Abraham himself carried these things. AT: "Abraham himself carried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the fire + +Here "fire" stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. AT: "something for starting a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they went both of them together + +"they left together" or "the two of them went together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/07.md b/gen/22/07.md index 36e00f186a..3ebc6718d2 100644 --- a/gen/22/07.md +++ b/gen/22/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# My father -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] +This is a loving way for a son to speak to his father. -## translationNotes +# Here I am -* **My father** - This is a loving way for a son to speak to his father. -* **Here I am** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:22:01]]. -* **my son** - This is a loving way for a father to speak to his son. -* **the fire** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:22:04]]. -* **the lamb for the burnt offering** - "the lamb that you will give as a burnt offering" -* **will provide the lamb for the burnt offering** - If repetition is awkward, this can be translated as "will take care of that need." -* **provide** - "choose" or "select" or "give us" +"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](./01.md). + +# my son + +This is a loving way for a father to speak to his son. + +# the fire + +Here "fire" stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:6](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the lamb for the burnt offering + +"the lamb that you will give as a burnt offering" + +# God himself + +Here "himself" emphasizes that it is God who will provide the lamb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# will provide + +"will give us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/09.md b/gen/22/09.md index 4720d3d2c2..5ce463d0fc 100644 --- a/gen/22/09.md +++ b/gen/22/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When they came to the place -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"When Abraham and Isaac arrived at the place" -## translationNotes +# he bound -* **When they came to the place** - "When Abraham and Isaac arrived at the place" -* **bound** - "tied up" -* **on the altar, on top of the wood** - This can also be translated as "on top of the wood that was on the altar." -* **reached out with his hand and took up the knife** - "picked up the knife" +"he tied up" + +# on the altar, on top of the wood + +"on top of the wood that was on the altar" + +# reached out with his hand and took up the knife + +"picked up the knife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/11.md b/gen/22/11.md index 371edf9f35..5dc76b1290 100644 --- a/gen/22/11.md +++ b/gen/22/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the angel of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel." See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md). -## translationNotes +# from heaven -* **the angel of Yahweh** - See the note about this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:16:07]]. -* **Here I am** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:22:01]]. -* **Do not lay your hand upon the lad, nor do anything to harm him** - God said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that Abraham should not hurt Isaac. AT: “Do not hurt the boy in any way.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **now I know … from me** - The words "I" and "me" refer to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the words “I” and "me" when referring to Yahweh. -* **seeing that** - "because I see that" -* **have not withheld your son…from me** - "have not held back your son…from me" or "have not refused to give your son…to me" -* **your son, your only son** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:22:01]]. +This refers to the place where God lives. + +# Here I am + +"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](./01.md). + +# Do not lay your hand upon the lad, nor do anything to harm him + +The phrase "Do no lay your hand upon" is a way of saying "do not harm." God said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that Abraham should not hurt Isaac. AT: "Do not hurt the boy in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# now I know ... from me + +The words "I" and "me" refer to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the words "I" and "me" when referring to Yahweh. + +# you fear God + +This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him. + +# seeing that + +"because I see that" + +# you have not withheld your son ... from me + +"you have not held back your son ... from me." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you were willing to offer your son ... to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# your son, your only son + +It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/13.md b/gen/22/13.md index 3b78f826c3..03c4acc67c 100644 --- a/gen/22/13.md +++ b/gen/22/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# was a ram caught in the bushes by his horns -* **behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **went and took the ram** - "Abraham went over to the ram and took it." -* **Yahweh will provide** - This can be translated as "Yahweh will give what is needed." -* **to this day** - This can also be translated as "even now." -* **it will be provided** - This can also be translated with an active clause: "he will provide." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "was a ram whose horns were stuck in the bushes" or "was a ram stuck in the bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# went and took the ram + +"Abraham went over to the ram and took it" + +# will provide ... will be provided + +Use the same word for "provide" as you used in [Genesis 22:8](./07.md). + +# to this day + +"even now." This means even to the time that the author was writing this book. + +# it will be provided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will provide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/15.md b/gen/22/15.md index 0a13cccf54..059b7b3bf3 100644 --- a/gen/22/15.md +++ b/gen/22/15.md @@ -1,22 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# The angel of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "The angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel." See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md). -## translationNotes +# a second time -* **The angel of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:22:11]]. -* **and said—this is an oracle of Yahweh** - This is a formal way of saying that the words that follow come directly from Yahweh. It can also be translated as "and said—these are the words of Yahweh" or "and declared these words of Yahweh." -* **By myself I have sworn** - AT: "I have promised and I am my witness." Yahweh said "by myself" to assure Abraham that he would do what he swore to do. -* **you have done this thing** - "you obeyed me" -* **have not withheld** - "have not kept back" -* **your son, your only son** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:22:01]]. -* **surely bless** - "certainly bless" -* **I will greatly multiply your descendants** - "I will cause your descendants to increase again and again" or "I will cause your descendants to be very many" -* **as the stars of heaven, and as the sand which is upon the seashore** - God compared Abraham's descendants to the stars and the sand. Just as people cannot count the huge number of stars or the grains of sand, so there would be so many of Abraham's descendants that people would not be able to count them. AT: "beyond what you can count." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **will possess the gate of their enemies** - This means "will triumph over their enemies." Armies would break through the gate of their enemies' cities and conquer them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "second" is the ordinal number for two. AT: "again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# from heaven + +Here the word "heaven" refers to the place where God lives. + +# said—this is Yahweh's declaration + +"spoke this message from Yahweh" or "declared these words of Yahweh." This is a formal way of saying that the words that follow come directly from Yahweh. + +# by myself I have sworn + +"I have promised and I am my witness." To swear means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. There is nothing more powerful for Yahweh to swear by than himself. + +# you have done this thing + +"you obeyed me" + +# have not withheld your son + +"have not kept back your son." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "were willing to offer your son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# your son, your only son + +It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# surely bless + +"certainly bless" + +# I will greatly multiply your descendants + +"I will cause your descendants to increase again and again" or "I will cause your descendants to be very many" + +# as the stars of the heavens, and as the sand which is upon the seashore + +God compared Abraham's descendants to the stars and the sand. Just as people cannot count the huge number of stars or the grains of sand, so there would be so many of Abraham's descendants that people would not be able to count them. AT: "beyond what you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as the stars of the heavens + +Here the word "heavens" refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars. + +# will possess the gate of their enemies + +Here "gate" represents the whole city. To "possess the gate of their enemies" means destroying their enemies. AT: "will completely triumph over their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/18.md b/gen/22/18.md index 8749ee0599..6030088d54 100644 --- a/gen/22/18.md +++ b/gen/22/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] +The angel of Yahweh continues speaking to Abraham. -## translationNotes +# all the nations of the earth will be blessed -* The angel of Yahweh continues speaking to Abraham. -* **all the nations of the earth will be blessed** - "I, the Lord, will bless all the people living everywhere" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you have obeyed my voice** - God said “my voice” to refer to what he had said earlier. This can be translated as "you have obeyed what I said" or "you have obeyed me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Abraham returned** - Only Abraham was named because he was the father, but it was implied that his son went with him. Alternate translation: "Abraham and his son went back." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **young men** - "servants" (UDB) -* **they departed** - "they left that place" -* **he lived at Beersheba** - Only Abraham was mentioned because he was the leader of his family and servants, but it was implied that they were with him. Alternate translation: "Abraham and his people stayed in Beersheba." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I, the Lord, will bless all the people living everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nations of the earth + +Here "nations" stands for the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have obeyed my voice + +Here "voice" stands for what God said. AT: "you have obeyed what I said" or "you have obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Abraham returned + +Only Abraham was named because he was the father, but it was implied that his son went with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Abraham and his son went back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# young men + +"servants" + +# they departed + +"they left that place" + +# he lived at Beersheba + +Only Abraham was mentioned because he was the leader of his family and servants, but it was implied that they were with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Abraham and his people stayed in Beersheba" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/20.md b/gen/22/20.md index 388b8b71a5..b728ae3558 100644 --- a/gen/22/20.md +++ b/gen/22/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about after these things -* [[en:tw:abraham]] +"After these events." The phrase "these things" refers to the events of Genesis 22:1-19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# Abraham was told -* **It came about after these things** - This can be translated as "After these events." The phrase "these things" refers to the events of Genesis 22:1-19. -* **Abraham was told** - "it was told to Abraham" or "someone told Abraham" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Milcah has borne children, as well** - "Milcah has also borne children" -* **Milcah** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They were Uz his first-born, Buz his brother** - born, Buz his brother** - This can be translated as "The name of his first born was Uz, and the names of the rest of his children were Buz his brother," -* **Uz…Buz…Kemuel…Aram…Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel** - These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these except Aram are the sons of Nahor and Milcah. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone told Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Milkah has borne children, as well + +"Milkah has also borne children" + +# Milkah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They were Uz his firstborn, Buz his brother + +"The name of his firstborn was Uz, and the names of the rest of his children were Buz his brother" + +# Uz ... Buz ... Kemuel ... Aram ... Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel + +These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these except Aram are the sons of Nahor and Milkah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/23.md b/gen/22/23.md index c7749dae05..b4785391d1 100644 --- a/gen/22/23.md +++ b/gen/22/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Bethuel became the father of Rebekah -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +"Later Bethel became the father of Rebekah" -## translationNotes +# These were the eight children that Milkah bore to Nahor, Abraham's brother -* **Bethuel became the father of Rebekah** - This can also be translated as “Later Bethel became the father of Rebekah” or “Later Rebekah was born to Bethuel.” -* **Rebekah** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **These were the eight children that Milcah bore to Nahor, Abraham's brother.** - “These were Milcah and Nahor's eight children.” This refers to the children that were listed in Genesis 22:21-22. -* **eight** - “8” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **His concubine** - “Nahor's concubine” -* **also bore** - “also gave birth to -* **Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah** - These are all names of men. +"These were the eight children of Milkah and Nahor, Abraham's brother." This refers to the children that were listed in [Genesis 22:21-22](./20.md). + +# eight + +"8" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# His concubine + +"Nahor's concubine" + +# Reumah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# also bore + +"also gave birth to" + +# Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/intro.md b/gen/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb7424bc7e --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Genesis 22 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sacrificing his son ##### +Although Isaac was not Abraham's only son, he was the son who was to inherit Abraham's promised blessings. It is possible this parallels God's actual sacrifice of his son, Jesus, for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Covenant affirmation ##### +After important events, it is common for Scripture to affirm the tenants of a covenant. This serves as a reminder of the covenant and affirms it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### God tests Abraham ##### +Extra care should be taken when translating "testing." It is best to avoid using the same word used for "tempting" even though they overlap in meaning. This is because Scripture also says God does not tempt anyone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [James 2:13](../../jas/02/12.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/01.md b/gen/23/01.md index 2927e0d6a9..432fa919a7 100644 --- a/gen/23/01.md +++ b/gen/23/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Sarah lived a hundred and twenty-seven years -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +"Sarah lived 127 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# These were the years of the life of Sarah -* **Sarah lived a hundred and twenty-seven years.** - seven years.** - "Sarah lived 127 years." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **These were the years of the life of Sarah.** - Some translations do not include this sentence. -* **Kiriath Arba** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Abraham mourned and wept for Sarah** - This can be translated as "Abraham was very sad and cried because Sarah died." +Some translations do not include this sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Kiriath Arba + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abraham mourned and wept for Sarah + +"Abraham was very sad and cried because Sarah died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/03.md b/gen/23/03.md index dbf41b4169..75e365a83a 100644 --- a/gen/23/03.md +++ b/gen/23/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# rose up and went from his dead wife -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"got up and left his wife's body" -## translationNotes +# the sons of Heth -* **rose up and went from his dead wife** - This can be translated as "got up and left the body" -* **the sons of Heth** - "the descendants of Heth" (UDB). It can also be translated as "the Hittites." -* **among you** - This can be translated as "here" or "in your country." -* **Please grant me a property** - This can be translated as "Sell me some land" or "Allow me to buy a piece of land." -* **my dead** - This means "the dead body of a person that I love." It can be translated here as "my wife's body" or "my wife" or "my loved one." +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. AT: "the descendants of Heth" or "the Hittites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# among you + +This idea may be expressed in terms of location. "in your country" or "here" + +# Please grant me a property + +"Sell me some land" or "Allow me to buy a piece of land" + +# my dead + +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as an adjective or a verb. AT: "my dead wife" or "my wife who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/05.md b/gen/23/05.md index 3be98be8fe..ae683083b7 100644 --- a/gen/23/05.md +++ b/gen/23/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The sons of Heth -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "The descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# my master -* **sons of Heth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:03]]. -* **a prince of God** - This probably means "a powerful man" (UDB) or "a mighty leader." -* **your dead** - This can be translated as "your loved one" or "your wife" or "your wife's body." -* **the choicest of our tombs** - This can be translated as "the best of our burial places" -* **refuse you his tomb** - "withhold his tomb from you" or "refuse to give to you his tomb" +This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham. + +# a prince of God + +This is an idiom. This probably means "a powerful man" or "a mighty leader." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your dead + +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." AT: "your wife who has died" or "your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the choicest of our tombs + +"the best of our burial places" + +# refuse you his tomb + +"withhold his burial place from you" or "refuse to give to you his tomb" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/07.md b/gen/23/07.md index 2c7d108d7b..9dd2e09965 100644 --- a/gen/23/07.md +++ b/gen/23/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# bowed down -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# to the people of the land, to the sons of Heth -* **to the people of the land, to the sons of Heth** - "to the sons of Heth who owned the land" -* **sons of Heth** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:23:03]]. -* **He spoke to them** - "He spoke with them" -* **Ephron…Zohar** - These are names of men. ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **the cave of Machpelah** - "the cave in Machpela." Machpela was the name of an area or region. Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in the field. -* **which he owns** - This tells something about the cave. Ephron owned the cave. -* **which is at the end of his field** - This also tells something about the cave. The cave was at the end of Ephron's field. -* **the cave of Machpelah, which he owns, which is at the end of his field** - Alternate translation: "his cave that is at the end of his field in Machpelah." -* **publicly** - "in front of you all" (UDB) or "in your presence" -* **property** - "piece of land that I may own and use" +"to the sons of Heth who lived in the area" + +# the sons of Heth + +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "the descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# my dead + +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." AT: "my wife who has died" or "my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Ephron ... Zohar + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the cave of Machpelah, which he owns, which is at the end of his field + +"his cave that is at the end of his field in Machpelah" + +# the cave of Machpelah + +"the cave in Machpela." Machpela was the name of an area or region. Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in the field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# which he owns + +This tells something about the cave. Ephron owned the cave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# which is at the end of his field + +This also tells something about the cave. The cave was at the end of Ephron's field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# sell it to me publicly + +"sell it to me in front of you all" or "sell it to me in your presence" + +# as a property + +"as a piece of land that I may own and use" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/10.md b/gen/23/10.md index abca27ae8c..17a304ed96 100644 --- a/gen/23/10.md +++ b/gen/23/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Ephron was sitting among the sons of Heth -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] +Here "Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Ephron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Ephron -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Ephron. -* **Ephron** - This is the man who owned the cave that Abraham wanted to buy. -* **sons of Heth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:03]] -* **in the hearing of the sons of Heth** - This can be translated as "in the presence of the sons of Heth" or "while the sons of Heth listened" or "in their hearing." -* **all those who had come into the gate of his city** - This tells which sons of Heth were listening. It can be translated as "all those who had gathered at the gate of his city." The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions. -* **his city** - This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it. It can also be translated as "the city." -* **in the presence of the sons of my people** - "in the sight of the sons of my people" or "while my people watch" -* **my people** - This phrase shows that Ephron was part of that group of people. It does not mean that he was their leader. -* **I give it to you to bury your dead** - "I give it to you. Bury your dead." -* **your dead** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:05]]. +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the sons of Heth + +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "the descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the hearing of the sons of Heth + +The abstract noun "the hearing" can be stated as "hear" or "listening." AT: "so that all the sons of Heth could hear him" or "while all the sons of Heth were listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all those who had come into the gate of his city + +This tells which sons of Heth were listening. AT: "all those who had gathered at the gate of his city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# gate of his city + +The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions. + +# his city + +"the city where he lived." This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it. + +# my master + +This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham. + +# in the presence of the sons of my people + +Here "presence" stands for the people serving as witnesses. AT: "with my fellow countrymen as my witnesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sons of my people + +This means "my fellow countrymen" or "my fellow Hittites" + +# my people + +This phrase shows that Ephron was part of that group of people. It does not mean that he was their leader. + +# I give it to you to bury your dead + +"I give it to you. Bury your dead" + +# your dead + +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." AT: "your wife who has died" or "your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/12.md b/gen/23/12.md index c5dc335eb2..75fc43b608 100644 --- a/gen/23/12.md +++ b/gen/23/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# bowed himself down -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] +This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# people of the land -* **people of the land** - "people who lived in that place" -* **in the hearing of the people of the land** - "while the people of the land were listening" -* **But if you will** - This can be translated as "No, but if you are willing" or "No, but if you agree with this." The word "but" shows that there is a contrast between what Ephron offered to do and what Abraham would do. Ephron said that he would give the field to Abraham. Abraham would pay for the field. -* **I will pay for the field** - This can also be translated as "I will give you money for the field." +"people who lived in that area" + +# in the hearing of the people of the land + +The abstract noun "the hearing" can be stated as "hear" or "listening" AT: "so that the people who lived in the area could hear" or "while the people who lived in the area were listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# But if you are willing + +The word "but" shows a contrast. Ephron wanted to give the field to Abraham; Abraham wanted to pay for it. AT: "No, but if you are willing" or "No, but if you agree with this" + +# I will pay for the field + +"I will give you money for the field" + +# my dead + +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." AT: "my wife who has died" or "my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/14.md b/gen/23/14.md index 25f315f5fc..51b25edde4 100644 --- a/gen/23/14.md +++ b/gen/23/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Ephron -* [[en:tw:abraham]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Please, my master, listen to me -* **Ephron** - See [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:10]] -* **Please, my lord, listen to me** - "Hear me, my lord" or "listen to me, kind sir." -* **A piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that between me and you?** - "A piece of land that is worth only four hundred shekels of silver is nothing to you and me." This sentence can be divided in two. "The piece of land is worth only four hundred shekels of silver. For you and me, that is nothing." Ephron meant that since he and Abraham were both so wealthy, 400 pieces of silver was a small amount. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **four hundred shekels of silver** - about 4.5 kilograms of silver (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **four hundred** - "400" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Bury your dead** - "Go bury your dead." -* **Abraham weighed out to Ephron the amount of silver** - This can be translated as "Abraham weighed out for Ephron the amount of silver" or "Abraham weighed the silver and gave Ephron the amount" or "Abraham counted out to Ephron the amount of silver." -* **the amount of silver that he had spoken** - "them amount of silver that Ephron had said" -* **in the hearing in the hearing of the sons of Heth** - This can be translated as "in the presence of the sons of Heth" or "while the sons of Heth listened." -* **the sons of Heth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:03]]. -* **according to the standard measurement of the merchants** - This can be translated as "using the standard measurement of weight that merchants used" or "He weighed the silver the same way that the merchants used to weigh it." +"Hear me, my master" or "Listen to me, kind sir" + +# my master + +This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham. + +# A piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that between me and you? + +Ephron meant that since he and Abraham were both so wealthy, 400 pieces of silver was a small amount. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The piece of land is worth only four hundred shekels of silver. For you and me, that is nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# four hundred shekels of silver + +This is about 4.5 kilograms of silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# four hundred + +"400" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Bury your dead + +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." AT: "Go bury your wife who has died" or "Go bury your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Abraham weighed out to Ephron the amount of silver + +"Abraham weighed the silver and gave Ephron the amount" or "Abraham counted out to Ephron the amount of silver" + +# the amount of silver that he had spoken + +"the amount of silver that Ephron had said" + +# in the hearing of the sons of Heth + +The abstract noun "the hearing" can be stated as "hear" or "listening." AT: "so that all the sons of Heth could hear him" or "while all the sons of Heth were listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the sons of Heth + +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "the descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# according to the standard measurement of the merchants + +"using the standard measurement of weight that merchants used." This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "He weighed the silver the same way that the merchants used to weigh it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/17.md b/gen/23/17.md index a2f84a5325..b963cbb634 100644 --- a/gen/23/17.md +++ b/gen/23/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Machpelah -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Mamre -* **Machpelah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:23:07]]. -* **Mamre** - This was a town or small city. -* **that is, the field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees** - This phrase explains what the author meant when he wrote "the field of Ephron." It was not only the field, but also the cave and trees in the field. -* **passed to Abraham by purchase** - This can be translated as "was purchased by Abraham" or "became Abraham's possession when he purchased it" or "was bought by Abraham." -* **in the presence of the sons of Heth** - This can be translated as “in the sight of the sons of Heth” or “while the sons of Heth watched.” -* **sons of Heth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:03]]. -* **all those who had come into the gate of his city** - This tells which sons of Heth saw Abraham buy the property. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:10]]. -* **his city** - This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it. It can also be translated as “the city.” +This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# that is, the field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees + +This phrase explains what the author meant when he wrote "the field of Ephron." It was not only the field, but also the cave and trees in the field. + +# passed to Abraham by purchase + +"became Abraham's possession when he purchased it" or "belonged to Abraham after he bought it" + +# in the presence of the sons of Heth + +Here "presence" stands for the people serving as witnesses. AT: "with the people of Heth watching as witnesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sons of Heth + +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "the descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all those who had come into the gate of his city + +This tells which sons of Heth saw Abraham buy the property. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# gate of his city + +The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions. + +# his city + +"the city where he lived." This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/19.md b/gen/23/19.md index fbb5aa6491..bfd27f7db1 100644 --- a/gen/23/19.md +++ b/gen/23/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# After this -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"After he bought the field" -## translationNotes +# the cave of the field -* **After this** - "After he bought the field" -* **the cave of the field** - This can be translated as "the cave in the field" -* **the field of Machpelah** - This can be translated as "the field in Machpelah." -* **that is, Hebron** - Possible meanings are 1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or 2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or 3) Mamre was very near the larger Hebron, so people usually called it Heborn. -* **So the field and the cave in it passed to Abraham as a property for a burial place from the sons of Heth** - This can also be translated as "So the field and the cave in it became Abraham's property for a burial ground when he bought it from the sons of Heth." -* **sons of Heth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:03]] +"the cave in the field" + +# the field of Machpelah + +"the field in Machpelah" + +# that is, Hebron + +Possible meanings are 1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or 2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or 3) Mamre was very near the larger city of Hebron, so people usually called it Hebron. + +# passed to Abraham as a property for a burial place from the sons of Heth + +"became Abraham's property for a burial ground when he bought it from the sons of Heth" + +# the sons of Heth + +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "the descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/intro.md b/gen/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abb57424a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abraham's character ##### +Abraham's interaction with the people show that he was greatly respected. This would have been unusual for a foreigner and indicates that Abraham was a man of great character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Burial ##### +Burial was a common practice when Abraham lived, but only the wealthy were able to bury their dead relatives in this way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/01.md b/gen/24/01.md index 000e8b2369..a1507a50d0 100644 --- a/gen/24/01.md +++ b/gen/24/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Put your hand under my thigh -* **old, well advanced in years** - The words "old" and "well advanced in years" mean the same thing. The two of them together emphasize that Abraham was "very old." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Put your hand under my thigh** - Abraham was about to ask the servant to swear to do something. Putting his hand under Abraham's thigh would show that he would certainly do what he would swear to do. -* **and I will make you swear** - This can be expressed as a command: "and swear." -* **swear by Yahweh** - This can be translated as "promise me in the name of Yahweh" or "promise me with God as your witness." -* **the God of heaven and the God of the earth** - "the God of heaven and earth" or "the God of everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]] ) -* **from the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I make my home** - "from these Canaanites that we live among" -* **But you will go** - This can be translated as a command: "Swear that you will go" or "But go." -* **my relatives** - "my family" +Abraham was about to ask the servant to swear to do something. Putting his hand under Abraham's thigh would show that he would certainly do what he would swear to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# I will make you swear + +This can be expressed as a command. AT: "swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# swear by Yahweh + +The term "swear by" means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. "promise me with Yahweh as your witness" + +# the God of heaven and the God of the earth + +"the God of heaven and earth." The words "heaven" and "earth" are used together to mean every thing that God created. AT: "the God of everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# heaven + +This refers to the place where God lives. + +# from the daughters of the Canaanites + +"from the Canaanite women" or "from the Canaanites." This refers to Canaanite females. + +# among whom I make my home + +"among whom I live." Here, "I" stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. AT: "among whom we live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# But you will go + +This can be stated as a command. AT: "Swear that you will go" or "But go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# my relatives + +"my family" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/05.md b/gen/24/05.md index 0164b53a94..56f53d0361 100644 --- a/gen/24/05.md +++ b/gen/24/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# What if -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"What should I do if" -## translationNotes +# will not be willing to follow me -* **What if** - "What should I do if" -* **will not be willing to follow me** - "will not follow me" or "refuses to come back with me" -* **Must I take your son back to the land from which you came?** - "Should I take you son to live in the land that you came from?" -* **Make sure that you do not take my son back there!** - The phrase "Make sure" emphasizes the command that follows. It can be translated as "Be careful not to take my son back there" or "You definitely must not take my son there." -* **promised me with a solemn oath saying, 'To your offspring I will give this land'** - This can also be translated with an indirect quotation: "promised me with a solemn oath that he would give this land to my offspring." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **promised me with a solemn oath** - "swore an oath to me" -* **he will send his angel** - The words "he" and "his" refer to Yahweh. +"will not follow me" or "refuses to come back with me" + +# Must I take your son back to the land from which you came + +"Should I take you son to live in the land from which you came" + +# Make sure that you do not take my son back there + +The phrase "Make sure" emphasizes the command that follows. "Be careful not to take my son back there" or "You definitely must not take my son there" + +# who took me from my father's house + +Here "house" stands for the people in his family. AT: "who took me from my father and the rest of my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# promised me with a solemn oath + +"swore an oath to me" + +# saying, 'To your offspring I will give this land,' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "saying that he would give this land to my offspring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# he will send his angel + +The words "he" and "his" refer to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/08.md b/gen/24/08.md index 8ca6b9e98c..6eacd2410f 100644 --- a/gen/24/08.md +++ b/gen/24/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Verse 8 is a continuation of the instructions Abraham gave his servant. -## translationNotes +# But if the woman is not willing to follow you -* Verse 8 is a continuation of the instructions Abraham gave his servant. -* **But if the woman is not willing to follow you** - "But if the woman refuses to come with you." Abraham was answering the servant's question from [[:en:bible:notes:gen:24:05]]. Abraham did not think that the woman would refuse to come. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **you will be free from this oath of mine** - "you will be released from the oath you made to me." It can also be translated as "you will not have to do what you swore to do." -* **put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master** - This was to show that he would certainly do what he was swearing to do. -* **swore to him** - "made an oath to him" -* **concerning this matter** - "concerning Abraham's request" or "that he would do what Abraham said." +"But if the woman refuses to come with you." Abraham was answering the servant's question from [Genesis 24:5](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# you will be free from this oath of mine + +"you will be released from the oath you made to me." Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. AT: "you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master + +This was to show that he would certainly do what he was swearing to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# swore to him + +"made an oath to him" + +# concerning this matter + +"concerning Abraham's request" or "that he would do what Abraham said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/10.md b/gen/24/10.md index da1894b8cc..0a54eaccf6 100644 --- a/gen/24/10.md +++ b/gen/24/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# departed. He also took -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The sentence starting with "He also took" gives additional information about what the servant took with him on the journey. He gathered them before he departed. -## translationNotes +# He also took with him all kinds of gifts from his master -* **and departed. He also took** - The sentence starting with "He also took" gives additional information about what the servant took with him on the journey. He gathered them before he departed. -* **He also took with him all kinds of gifts from his master** - This means that he also took with him many good things that his master wanted to give to the woman's family. -* **departed and went** - "set out and went" or "he left and went" -* **Aram Naharaim** - This is the name of an area north of the land of Canaan. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the city of Nahor** - Possible meanings are 1) the city where Nahor lived” or 2) "the city called Nahor.” If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so. -* **He made the camels kneel down** - Camels are tall animals with long legs. He made them bend their legs and lower their bodies to the ground. This could also be translated as "He made the camels lie down." -* **well of water** - "water well" or "well" (UDB) -* **draw water** - "get water" (UDB) +This means he also took many good things that his master wanted to give to the woman's family. + +# departed and went + +"set out and went" or "he left and went" + +# the city of Nahor + +Possible meanings are 1) the city where Nahor lived" or 2) "the city called Nahor." If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He made the camels kneel down + +Camels are tall animals with long legs. He made them bend their legs and lower their bodies to the ground. "He made the camels lie down" + +# well of water + +"water well" or "well" + +# draw water + +"get water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/12.md b/gen/24/12.md index ffb85802d5..c4701e9c91 100644 --- a/gen/24/12.md +++ b/gen/24/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he said -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Then the servant said" -## translationNotes +# grant me success today and show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham -* **Then he said** - The word "he" refers to the servant. -* **grant me success today and show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham** - This can also be translated as "Show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham by granting me success today." -* **grant me success** - "give me success" or "make me able to do what I have come here to do." The servant wanted to find a good wife for Abraham's son. -* **show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham** - This is faithfulness because of the covenant that God made with Abraham. It can be translated as "be faithful to my master Abraham because of your covenant.” -* **Look** - Here the word "look" adds emphasis to what follows. -* **the spring of water** - This refers to the well in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:24:12]]. It could be translated as "the spring" or "the well." -* **the daughters of the men of the city** - "the young women of the city" -* **Let it happen like this** - "Let it happen this way" or "Make this happen" -* **When I say to a young woman, 'Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink'** - This can be expressed with an indirect quote: “When I ask a young woman to let me have a drink from her jar.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **When I say to a young woman, 'Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink,' and she says to me...** - This can be translated as separate sentences: "I will say to a young woman, 'Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink.' Let the one who says to me..." -* **pitcher** - a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids -* **camels** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:24:10]]. -* **your servant Isaac** - This refers to Abraham's son. -* **that you have shown covenant faithfulness to my master** - "that you have been faithful to my master because of your covenant" +You can state this with the connecting word "by." This makes clear how the servant wants God to show covenant faithfulness. AT: "Show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham by granting me success today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# grant me success + +"give me success." The servant wanted to find a good wife for Abraham's son. The abstract noun "success" can be stated as a verb. AT: "help me to succeed" or "make me able to do what I have come here to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "be faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham" or "be faithful to my master Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Look + +Here the word "Look" adds emphasis to what follows. + +# the spring of water + +"the spring" or "the well" + +# the daughters of the men of the city + +"the young women of the city" + +# Let it happen like this + +"Let it happen this way" or "Make this happen" + +# When I say to a young woman, 'Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink,' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. This can be expressed with an indirect quote. AT: "When I ask a young woman to let me have a drink of water from her jar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Please lower your pitcher + +The women carried the pitchers on their shoulder. She would have to lower it to give the man a drink. + +# pitcher + +a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids + +# that you have shown covenant faithfulness to my master + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "been faithful." AT: "that you have been faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham" or "you have been faithful to my master Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/15.md b/gen/24/15.md index 2b95d5c3e4..101bfca6b3 100644 --- a/gen/24/15.md +++ b/gen/24/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# behold -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **pitcher** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:24:12]]. -* **Rebekah was born to Bethuel the son of Milcah, the wife of Nahor, Abraham’s brother** - "Rebekah's father was Bethuel. His parents were Milcah and Nahor, Abraham's brother" -* **Bethuel** - Bethuel was Rebekah's father. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Nahor** - See how you translated this man's name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:11:22]]. -* **Milcah** - Milcah was Nahor's wife and Bethuel's mother. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# pitcher + +This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](./12.md). + +# Rebekah was born to Bethuel son of Milkah, the wife of Nahor, Abraham's brother + +"Rebekah's father was Bethuel. Bethuel's parents were Milkah and Nahor. Nahor was Abraham's brother" + +# Bethuel + +Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nahor + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 11:22](../11/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Milkah + +Milkah was Nahor's wife and Bethuel's mother. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 11:29](../11/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# She went down to the spring ... and came up + +The spring was somewhere lower in elevation than where the servant was standing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/17.md b/gen/24/17.md index 092f4e11b6..bb13fcf0a2 100644 --- a/gen/24/17.md +++ b/gen/24/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to meet her -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"to meet the young woman" -## translationNotes +# a little drink of water -* **to meet her** - "to meet the young woman" -* **a little drink of water** - "a little water" -* **pitcher** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:24:12]]. -* **my master** - "sir" (UDB) -* **she quickly let down her pitcher on her hand** - "she quickly lowered her pitcher" +"a little water" + +# pitcher + +This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](./12.md). + +# my master + +"sir." Here the woman uses this term of respect to refer to the man, though she is not his slave. + +# she quickly let down her pitcher on her hand + +"she quickly lowered her pitcher." She was carrying the pitcher on her shoulder. She had to lower it to get water for the servant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/19.md b/gen/24/19.md index c4939d1e06..fdaa30085c 100644 --- a/gen/24/19.md +++ b/gen/24/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will draw water -* [[en:tw:camel]] +"I will get water" -## translationNotes +# So she hurried and emptied her pitcher -* **I will draw water** - "I will get water" -* **camels** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:24:10]]. -* **So she hurried and emptied her pitcher** - "So she quickly emptied her pitcher" -* **the trough** - "the animals' water trough" (UDB). A trough is a long open container for holding water for animals to drink. +"So she quickly emptied her pitcher" + +# the trough + +"the animals' water trough." A trough is a long open container for holding water for animals to drink. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/21.md b/gen/24/21.md index ae2ad23b7b..245bc858b4 100644 --- a/gen/24/21.md +++ b/gen/24/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# The man -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"The servant" -## translationNotes +# watched her -* **The man** - "The servant" (UDB) -* **watched her** - "watched Rebekah" or "watched the young woman" -* **to see** - This is an idiom which you can translate as "to know" (UDB) or "to determine." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **had prospered his journey** - "had fulfilled the purpose of his journey" or "had made his journey successful." Since the purpose of his journey was to find a wife for Abraham's son, this could also be translated as "was showing him the woman who would become Isaac's wife." -* **camels** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:24:10]]. -* **a gold nose ring weighing half a shekel** - "a gold nose ring that weighed six grams" (UDB). The weight shows its value, so it can also be translated a "an expensive gold nose ring." (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **two gold bracelets for her arms weighing ten shekels** - "two gold bracelets for her arms that weighed 110 grams." The weight shows their size and value, so it can also be translated as "two large gold bracelets for her arms" (UDB). (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **Whose daughter are you** - This could also be translated as "Who is your father?" -* **is there room in your father’s house** - "is there a place in your father's house" -* **for us to spend the night** - "where we can stay for the night" Apparently other men went on this journey with Abraham's servant. +"watched Rebekah" or "watched the young woman" + +# to see + +Learning something is often spoken of as if it were seeing. AT: "to know" or "to determine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# had prospered his journey + +"had fulfilled the purpose of his journey" or "had made his journey successful." You can make explicit what specifically the servant was trying to determine. AT: "was showing him the woman who would become Isaac's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# or not + +You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "or not prospered his journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a gold nose ring weighing half a shekel + +"a gold nose ring that weighed six grams." The weight indicates the value of the ring. AT: "an expensive gold nose ring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# two gold bracelets for her arms weighing ten shekels + +"two gold bracelets for her arms that weighed 110 grams." The weight shows their size and value. AT: "two large gold bracelets for her arms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# Whose daughter are you + +"Who is your father" + +# is there room in your father's house + +"is there a place in your father's house" + +# for us + +Apparently other men went on this journey with Abraham's servant. Here "us" refers to the servant and those traveling with him, but not to those to whom he was speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# to spend the night + +"to stay tonight" or "to stay for the night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/24.md b/gen/24/24.md index 6b433ee2e9..1e370314b4 100644 --- a/gen/24/24.md +++ b/gen/24/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# She said +"Rebekah said" or "the young woman said" -## translationNotes +# to him -* **She said** - "Rebekah said" or "the young woman said" -* **to him** - "to the servant" -* **I am the daughter of Bethuel the son of Milcah, whom she bore to Nahor** - "Bethuel is my father, and his parents are Milcah and Nahor" -* **We have plenty of both straw and feed** - This can be translated as "We have plenty of straw and feed for the camels." +"to the servant" + +# I am the daughter of Bethuel son of Milkah, whom she bore to Nahor + +"Bethuel is my father, and his parents are Milkah and Nahor" + +# We have plenty of both straw and feed + +It is understood that the straw and feed are for the camels. You can make clear this understood information. AT: "We have plenty of straw and feed for the camels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# for you to spend the night + +"for you to stay tonight" or "where you can stay for the night" + +# for you + +Here "you" refers to the servant and those traveling with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/26.md b/gen/24/26.md index f07b7c7d78..9120842e1c 100644 --- a/gen/24/26.md +++ b/gen/24/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the man -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the servant" -## translationNotes +# bowed down -* **the man** - "the servant" (UDB) -* **has not forsaken his covenant faithfulness and his trustworthiness** - "has not stopped showing his covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness" or "has continued to be faithful and trustworthy" -* **covenant faithfulness** - This is faithfulness because of the covenant that God made with Abraham. It can be translated as "faithfulness because of his covenant” or "faithfulness" or "kindness because of his covenant." -* **relatives** - "family" or "clan" +This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# has not forsaken his covenant faithfulness and his trustworthiness toward my master + +"has not stopped showing his covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master." The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "to be faithful and trustworthy." AT: "has not stopped being faithful to his covenant and trustworthy toward my master" or "has not stopped being faithful and trustworthy to my master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# has not forsaken + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "continues to show" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# relatives + +"family" or "clan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/28.md b/gen/24/28.md index 49fc4fa60f..50b84bd2db 100644 --- a/gen/24/28.md +++ b/gen/24/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# ran and told her mother's household -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +Here "household" stands for all the people living in her mother's house. AT: "ran to the house and told her mother and everyone there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# all of these things -* **all of these things** - "everything that had just happened" -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. We learn that Rebekah had a brother, and the story now tells about what he did. -* **spring** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:24:12]]. -* **When he had seen the nose ring ... and when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister** - This tells why Laban ran out to the man. -* **when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister, "This is what the man said to me"** - What Laban heard can be translated as an indirect quote: "when he had heard his sister Rebekah tell what the man had said to her." -* **behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. You could translate this as "indeed." +"everything that had just happened" + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about Rebekah. The author introduces her brother, Laban, to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# When he had seen the nose ring ... and when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister + +These things happened before he ran out to the man. This tells why Laban ran out to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister, "This is what the man said to me," + +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "when he had heard his sister Rebekah tell what the man had said to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# behold + +"indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/31.md b/gen/24/31.md index 3ddcf2758c..5165ab028d 100644 --- a/gen/24/31.md +++ b/gen/24/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Come -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Come in" or "Enter" -## translationNotes +# you blessed of Yahweh -* **Come** - "Come in" or "Enter" -* **you blessed of Yahweh** - "you whom Yahweh has blessed" -* **you** - Here the word "you" refers to Abraham's servant. -* **Why are you standing outside?** - Laban used this question to invite Abraham's servant into his house. You could translate it as "You do not need to stay outside." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **he unloaded the camels** - It is not clear who did this work. Probably Laban told his servants to do it. It can also be translated with as "Laban's servants unloaded the camels" (UDB) or with a passive clause that does not tell who did the work: "the camels were unloaded." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The camels were given straw and feed, and water was provided** - This does not say who did the work. Probably Laban's servants did these things. -* **to wash his feet and the feet of the men who were with him** - This can be translated as "for Abraham's servant and the men who were with him to wash their feet." +"you whom Yahweh has blessed" + +# you + +Here the word "you" refers to Abraham's servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Why are you standing outside? + +Laban used this question to invite Abraham's servant into his house. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You do not need to stay outside." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# So the man came to the house + +The word "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# he unloaded the camels + +It is not clear who did this work. This may be stated in active form. AT: "Laban's servants unloaded the camels" or "the camels were unloaded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The camels were given straw and feed, and water was provided + +This does not say who did the work. If you state this in active form use "Laban's servants" as the subject. AT: "Laban's servants gave straw and feed to the camels, and they provided water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to wash his feet ... him + +"for Abraham's servant and the men who were with him to wash their feet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/33.md b/gen/24/33.md index 3376c23f65..09f31625e5 100644 --- a/gen/24/33.md +++ b/gen/24/33.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They set -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here, the word "they" refers to Laban's family members or to the household servants. -## translationNotes +# set food before him -* **They** - Here, the word "they" refers to Laban's family members or to the household servants. -* **set food before him** - "gave food to the servant" -* **said what I have to say** - "spoken my words" or "told you why I am here" -* **he has become great** - Here the word "he" refers to Abraham. -* **great** - "very wealthy" -* **He has given** - The word "he" refers to Yahweh. +"gave food to the servant" + +# said what I have to say + +"spoken my words" or "told you why I am here" + +# he has become great + +Here the word "he" refers to Abraham. + +# become great + +"become very wealthy" + +# He has given + +The word "he" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/36.md b/gen/24/36.md index 112ec48206..e36bb86acd 100644 --- a/gen/24/36.md +++ b/gen/24/36.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## translationNotes +# bore a son to my master -* Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -* **bore a son to my master** - "gave birth to a son" -* **My master made me swear saying** - "My master made me swear, and he said." This could also be translated as "My master made me swear that I would do what he told me, and he said." -* **You must to get a wife** - This is what Abraham had told his servant. The word "you" refers to that servant. -* **from the daughters of the Canaanites, in whose land I dwell** - "from these Canaanites that we live among" +"gave birth to a son" + +# he has given ... to him + +"my master has given ... to his son" + +# My master made me swear, saying + +"My master made me swear that I would do what he told me to do. He said" + +# from the daughters of the Canaanites + +This refers to Canaanite females. AT: "from the Canaanite women" or "from the Canaanites" + +# in whose land I make my home + +"among whom I live." Here, "I" stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. AT: "among whom we live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to my relatives + +"to my own clan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/39.md b/gen/24/39.md index 7d905ee496..a6a320228f 100644 --- a/gen/24/39.md +++ b/gen/24/39.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## translationNotes +# Perhaps the woman will not follow me -* Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -* **Perhaps the woman will not follow me.** - This is something that could possibly happen. The servant wanted to know what he should do if it did. It could be translated as a question: “What if the woman will not come back with me?” or "What should I do if the woman will not come back with me?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **before whom I walk** - This is a way of saying "whom I serve" or "whom I obey." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he will prosper your way** - "he will make your journey successful" -* **family line** - "family" -* **But you will be free from my oath if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you. Then you will be free from my oath** - "But, if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you, then you will be free from my oath." This is a hypothetical situation that Abraham did not think was likely to happen. -* **if you come to my relatives** - Different languages use the words come and go differently. Alternate translations: "if you arrive at my relatives' home" or "if you go to my relatives" +This is something that could possibly happen. AT: "What if the woman will not come back with me." or "What should I do if the woman will not come back with me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# before whom I walk + +Serving Yahweh is spoken of as if Abraham were walking in Yahweh's presence. AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will prosper your way + +"he will make your journey successful" + +# family line + +"family" + +# But you will be free from my oath if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you. Then you will be free from my oath + +This is a hypothetical situation that Abraham did not think was likely to happen. Possible meanings are 1) "There is only one way for you to be free from my oath: if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you, then you will be free from my oath" or, 2) building on verse 40, "If you go to my father's family and ask for a girl, you will have done what I told you to do. If they will not give her to you, then you will be free from the oath you swore to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# you will be free from my oath + +"you will be released from the oath you made to me." Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. AT: "you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if you come to my relatives + +Languages use the words come and go differently. AT: "if you arrive at my relatives' home" or "if you go to my relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/42.md b/gen/24/42.md index da98adf366..b4d964ca46 100644 --- a/gen/24/42.md +++ b/gen/24/42.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## translationNotes +# the spring -* Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -* **the spring** - "the well" -* **here I am, standing by the spring of water** - The servant interrupted what he was asking God to do by drawing God's attention to where he was standing. -* **let the young woman who comes…the woman to whom I say…the woman who says to me** - The servant went back to stating his request, and he had three things to say about the woman that he hoped would come. -* **to draw water** - "to get water" -* **pitcher** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:24:15]]. -* **let her be the one** - The servant finished his request +"the well" + +# here I am, standing by the spring of water + +The servant interrupted what he was asking God to do by drawing God's attention to where he was standing. + +# let the young woman who comes ... the woman to whom I say ... the woman who says to me + +The servant went back to stating his request, and he had three things to say about the woman that he hoped would come. + +# to draw water + +"to get water" + +# pitcher + +This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](./12.md). + +# let her be the woman + +The servant finished his request. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/45.md b/gen/24/45.md index 34604a4c52..ecd0c4233e 100644 --- a/gen/24/45.md +++ b/gen/24/45.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## translationNotes +# speaking in my heart -* Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -* **speaking in my heart** - This means that he was praying quietly in his mind. Rebekah could not have heard what he was saying. It can be translated as "praying" (UDB) or "praying quietly." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. It can be translated as "indeed" or "suddenly." -* **pitcher** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:24:15]]. -* **spring** - "well" -* **watered the camels** - "gave water to the camels" +To pray silently in one's mind is spoken of as if he were speaking in his heart. The word "heart" refers to his thoughts and his mind. AT: "praying" or "praying quietly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# behold + +"indeed" or "suddenly." The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# pitcher + +This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](./12.md). + +# she went down to the spring + +The phrase "went down" is used because the spring was somewhere lower than where the servant was standing. + +# spring + +"well" + +# watered the camels + +"gave water to the camels" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/47.md b/gen/24/47.md index d65ea7340c..8f4e3d69af 100644 --- a/gen/24/47.md +++ b/gen/24/47.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## translationNotes +# The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor's son, whom Milkah bore to him -* Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -* **The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor’s son, whom Milcah bore to him.** - "My father is Bethuel. His parents are Nahor and Milcah." -* **led me by the right way** - "brought me here" -* **who had led me** - This can be translated as "because Yahweh led me" -* **my master's relative** - This refers to Bethuel, the son of Abraham's brother Nahor. +"My father is Bethuel. His parents are Nahor and Milkah" + +# ring ... bracelets + +In this story, all of these items were made of gold. See how you translated these in [Genesis 24:22](./21.md). + +# I bowed down + +This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# led me by the right way + +"brought me here" + +# who had led me + +The connecting word "because" can be used to show this is why the servant worshiped God. AT: "because Yahweh led me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# my master's relative + +This refers to Bethuel, the son of Abraham's brother Nahor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/49.md b/gen/24/49.md index 997237de1a..386a2aebee 100644 --- a/gen/24/49.md +++ b/gen/24/49.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faithful]] +Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## translationNotes +# Now therefore -* Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -* **Now therefore** - "Now" (UDB). -* ** if you are prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness, tell me.** - How they could show their faithfulness and trustworthiness can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "tell me if you will be faithful and trustworthy to my master by giving Rebekah to be his son's wife." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **you** - The word "you" refers to Laban and Bethuel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **family faithfulness** - This is faithfulness to family members. -* **so that I may turn to the right hand, or to the left** - Possible meanings are 1) "so that I will know what do" or 2) "so that I may continue on my journey." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Now." Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# if you are prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness, tell me + +How they could show their faithfulness and trustworthiness can be stated explicitly. AT: "tell me if you will be faithful and trustworthy to my master by giving Rebekah to be his son's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you + +The word "you" refers to Laban and Bethuel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# faithfulness and trustworthiness + +These abstract nouns can be stated as "faithful and trustworthy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# family faithfulness + +This is faithfulness to family members. + +# But if not + +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "But if you are not prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# so that I may turn to the right hand, or to the left + +Possible meanings are 1) deciding what to do is spoken of as if the person will physically turn one direction or another. AT: "so that I will know what do" or 2) the servant wants to know if he needs to travel somewhere else. AT: "so that I may continue on my journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/50.md b/gen/24/50.md index e621624ab4..4b0a775ac0 100644 --- a/gen/24/50.md +++ b/gen/24/50.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Bethuel -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This was the father of Laban and Rebekah. -## translationNotes +# The thing has come from Yahweh -* **Bethuel** - This was Laban and Rebekah's father. -* **The thing has come from Yahweh** - "Yahweh has caused all of this to happen" -* **we cannot speak to you either bad or good** - This is an idiom which means Laban and Bethuel do not have the authority to decide whether what God has done is good or bad. This can be translated as "we dare not judge what Yahweh is doing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Look** - The word “look” here adds emphasis to what follows. -* **Rebekah is before you.** - "Here is Rebekah." +"Yahweh has caused all of this to happen" + +# we cannot speak to you either bad or good + +They are saying they do not have the authority to decide whether what God has done is good or bad. AT: "we dare not judge what Yahweh is doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Look + +The word "Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# Rebekah is before you + +"Here is Rebekah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/52.md b/gen/24/52.md index 5d412505e0..7195abca58 100644 --- a/gen/24/52.md +++ b/gen/24/52.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# their words -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"what Laban and Bethuel said" -## translationNotes +# he bowed himself down -* **their words** - "Laban and Bethuel's words" or "what Laban and Bethuel said" -* **articles of silver and articles of gold** - "silver and gold items" or "things made of silver and gold" -* **precious** - "expensive" or "valuable" +Bowing down before God is an expression of worship to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# articles of silver and articles of gold + +"silver and gold items" or "things made of silver and gold" + +# precious gifts + +"expensive gifts" or "valuable gifts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/54.md b/gen/24/54.md index 5ed050ae52..38237faebd 100644 --- a/gen/24/54.md +++ b/gen/24/54.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# he and the men who were with him +"Abraham's servant and his men" -## translationNotes +# stayed there overnight -* **he and the men that were with him** - "Abraham's servant and his men" -* **stayed there overnight** - "slept there that night" -* **arose in the morning** - "got up the next morning" -* **a few more days, at least ten** - "at least ten more days" -* **ten** - "10" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **After that** - "Then" +"slept there that night" + +# arose in the morning + +"got up the next morning" + +# Send me away + +"Let me leave and return" + +# a few more days, at least ten + +"at least ten more days" + +# ten + +"10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# After that + +"Then" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/56.md b/gen/24/56.md index 6e0d34276d..074fc9216c 100644 --- a/gen/24/56.md +++ b/gen/24/56.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he said -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Abraham's servant said" -## translationNotes +# to them -* **he said** - "Abraham's servant said" -* **to them** - "to Rebekah's brother and mother" -* **Do not hinder me** - "Do not delay me" (UDB) or "Do not make me wait" -* **Send me on my way** - "Allow me to leave" +"to Rebekah's brother and mother" + +# Do not hinder me + +"Do not delay me" or "Do not make me wait" + +# Yahweh has prospered my way + +Here "way" stands for a journey. AT: "Yahweh has caused me to succeed in the purpose my journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Send me on my way + +"Allow me to leave" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/59.md b/gen/24/59.md index c9c2dff1c9..6a8cf2eda5 100644 --- a/gen/24/59.md +++ b/gen/24/59.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# So they sent their sister Rebekah -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"So the family sent Rebekah" -## translationNotes +# their sister -* **So they sent their sister Rebekah** - "So the family sent Rebekah" -* **their sister** - Rebekah was Laban's sister. Alternate translation: "their relative" or "Laban's sister" -* **her female servant** - This refers to the female servant who had fed Rebekah when she was a baby, cared for her when she was a child, and still served her. -* **Our sister** - Rebekah was not the sister to everyone in her family. But they called her this to show that they loved her. Alternate translation: "Our dear Rebekah." -* **may you be the mother of thousands of ten thousands** - "may you be the ancestor of millions of people." Alternate translation: "may you have very many descendants." -* **may your descendants possess the gate of those who hate them** - This means “may your descendants completely defeat those who hate them.” Armies would break through the gate of their enemies' cities and conquer the people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Rebekah was Laban's sister. AT: "their relative" or "Laban's sister" + +# her female servant + +This refers to the female servant who had fed Rebekah when she was a baby, cared for her when she was a child, and still served her. + +# Our sister + +Rebekah was not the sister to everyone in her family. But they called her this to show that they loved her. AT: "Our dear Rebekah" + +# may you be the mother of thousands of ten thousands + +Here "mother" stands for ancestor. AT: "may you be the ancestor of millions of people" or "may you have very many descendants" + +# thousands of ten thousands + +This means a very large number or an uncountable number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# may your descendants possess the gate of those who hate them + +Armies would break through the gate of their enemies' cities and conquer the people. AT: "may your descendants completely defeat those who hate them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/61.md b/gen/24/61.md index 509f724505..7169f6906a 100644 --- a/gen/24/61.md +++ b/gen/24/61.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Rebekah arose, and she and her servant girls mounted the camels -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Then Rebekah and her servant girls went and got on the camels" -## translationNotes +# Thus the servant took Rebekah, and went his way -* **Then Rebekah arose and she and her servant girls mounted the camels** - "Then Rebekah and her servant girls went and got on the camels" -* **Thus the servant took Rebekah, and went his way** - "In this way Abraham's servant took Rebekah and went back to where he had come from" -* **Now** - This word marks a change in the story. It was telling about the servant finding a wife, and now it will tell about Isaac. -* **Beerlahairoi** - This is the name of a water well in the Negev. See how you translated it in [[en:bible:notes:gen:16:13]]. +"In this way Abraham's servant took Rebekah with him and returned to where he had come from" + +# Now + +This word marks a change in the story. It was telling about the servant finding a wife, and now it will tell about Isaac. + +# Beer Lahai Roi + +This is the name of a water well in the Negev. See how you translated it in [Genesis 16:14](../16/13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/63.md b/gen/24/63.md index 58d68ba1fb..89f095c14b 100644 --- a/gen/24/63.md +++ b/gen/24/63.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Isaac went out to meditate in the field in the evening -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +"One evening Isaac went out to the field to think." This must have been a long time after the servant and Rebekah left her home since they had to travel a long distance. -## translationNotes +# When he looked up and saw, behold, there were camels coming! -* **Isaac went out to meditate in the field in the evening** - "One evening Isaac went out to the field to think." This must have been a long time after the servant and Rebekah left her home since they had to travel a long distance. -* **When he looked up and saw, behold, there were camels coming!** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. This could be translated as "When he looked up he was surprised to see camels coming." -* **Rebekah looked** - "Rebekah looked up" -* **she jumped down from the camel** - "she quickly got off the camel" -* **So she took her veil, and covered herself** - "So she covered her face with her veil." -* **veil** - a piece of cloth used to cover a person's head, shoulders, and face +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. "When he looked up he was surprised to see camels coming" + +# Rebekah looked + +"Rebekah looked up" + +# she jumped down from the camel + +"she quickly got off the camel" + +# So she took her veil, and covered herself + +"So she covered her face with her veil." This is a sign of respect and modesty towards the man she will marry. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# veil + +a piece of cloth used to cover a person's head, shoulders and face \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/66.md b/gen/24/66.md index d8fc4d0e65..402bb94e5f 100644 --- a/gen/24/66.md +++ b/gen/24/66.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# took Rebekah, and she became his wife -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Both of these phrases mean that Isaac married Rebekah. AT: "married Rebekah" or "took her as his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# So Isaac was comforted -* **and took Rebekah, and she became his wife** - Alternate translations: "and married Rebekah" or "and took her as his wife" -* **So Isaac was comforted** - This can be translated with an active clause: "So Rebekah comforted Isaac." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So Rebekah comforted Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/intro.md b/gen/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b257f0653 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Genesis 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended or special quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 24:60, which is a quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Intermarriage ##### + +Abraham forbid any marriage between his son and the people of Canaan. This is because it would cause him to worship other gods. Intermarriage and worshiping false gods are things that frequently caused Abraham's descendants to struggle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +##### Abraham's wealth ##### + +There are many instances recorded in this chapter which highlight Abraham's significant wealth. He owned more than 10 camels and had large amounts of gold. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Put your hand under my thigh" ##### + +Many scholars believe this is a euphemism. Putting one's hand on a man's genitals was a way to make an important oath. It represented power and progeny. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/01.md b/gen/25/01.md index 313325924c..4cdd74c164 100644 --- a/gen/25/01.md +++ b/gen/25/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]. -## translationNotes +# All these -* See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]. -* **All these** - This refers to the people named in verses 2 through 4. +This refers to the people named in verses 2-4. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/05.md b/gen/25/05.md index e35b9a553f..9040656d58 100644 --- a/gen/25/05.md +++ b/gen/25/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Abraham gave all that he owned to Isaac -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Abraham gave all that he owned to Isaac** - "Isaac inherited all that Abraham owned." It was normal for the father to divide his wealth when he was old and not leave that for others to do after he died. +"Isaac inherited all that Abraham owned." It was normal for the father to divide his wealth when he was old and not leave that for others to do after he died. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/07.md b/gen/25/07.md index 086e091b24..39e4cff09b 100644 --- a/gen/25/07.md +++ b/gen/25/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# These were the days of the years of Abraham's life which he lived, 175 years -* [[en:tw:abraham]] +"These were ... he lived, one hundred and seventy-five years." Abraham lived 175 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Abraham breathed his last and died -* **These are the days of the years of Abraham’s life which he lived, 175 years** - "Abraham lived 175 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Abraham breathed his last and died** - "Abraham took his last breath and died." Alternate translation: "Abraham died" -* **at a good old age, an old man with a full life** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Abraham lived a very long time. AT: "when he had lived a very long time and was very old" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **he was gathered to his people** - This means that after Abraham died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. Alternate translation: "he joined his family members who had already died." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Abraham took his last breath and died." The phrases "breathed his last" and "died" mean basically the same thing. AT: "Abraham died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# breathed his last + +This is a polite way of saying a person died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# at a good old age, an old man with a full life + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Abraham lived a very long time. AT: "when he had lived a very long time and was very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# an old man with a full life + +Living a long life is spoken of as if life were a container that becomes full. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he was gathered to his people + +This means that after Abraham died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he joined his family members who had already died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/09.md b/gen/25/09.md index e11e5d03be..c1bfeb3c3b 100644 --- a/gen/25/09.md +++ b/gen/25/09.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +Ephron owned a field in Machpelah and the cave that was in that field. Abraham bought the field from Ephron. -## translationNotes +# Machpelah -* **the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron** - Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in that field. Abraham bought the field from Ephron. -* **Machpelah** - See how you translated this place name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:07]]. -* **Ephron...Zohar** - See how you translated these men's names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:07]]. -* **which is near Mamre** - Machpela was near Mamre. -* **Mamre** - See how you translated this place name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:17]]. -* **This field Abraham had bought** - "Abraham had bought this field" -* **sons of Heth** - "the descendants of Heth" or "the Hittites." See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:05]]. -* **Beerlahairoi** - See how you translated this place name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:16:13]]. +Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ephron ... Zohar + +These are names of men. See how you translated these men's names in [Genesis 23:8](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# which is near Mamre + +Machpela was near Mamre. + +# Mamre + +This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 23:17](../23/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# This field Abraham had bought + +"Abraham had bought this field" + +# sons of Heth + +"the descendants of Heth" or "the Hittites." See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:5](../23/05.md). + +# Abraham was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They buried Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his son + +"Abraham's son" + +# Beer Lahai Roi + +This name means "the well of the living one who sees me." See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 16:14](../16/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/12.md b/gen/25/12.md index c3b4de11f9..6595ae414e 100644 --- a/gen/25/12.md +++ b/gen/25/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hagar]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Now** - This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and information about Ishmael. +This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and information about Ishmael. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/13.md b/gen/25/13.md index f8b927fa3d..1e899038ff 100644 --- a/gen/25/13.md +++ b/gen/25/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]. -## translationNotes +# These were Ishmael's sons, and these were their names, by their villages, and by their encampments; twelve princes according to their tribes -* See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]. -* **These were Ishmael's sons, and these were their names, by their villages, and by their encampments; twelve princes according to their tribes** - AT: "These were the names of Ishmael's twelve sons. They led tribes that were named after them, and they each had their own villages and campsites." -* **twelve** - "12" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This can be stated as two sentences. "These were the names of Ishmael's twelve sons. They led tribes that were named after them, and they each had their own villages and campsites" + +# twelve + +"12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# princes + +Here the word "princes" means that the men were leaders or rules of the tribes; it does not mean that they were the sons of a king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/17.md b/gen/25/17.md index a6702dd8dc..9797eea2a5 100644 --- a/gen/25/17.md +++ b/gen/25/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# These were the years of the life of Ishmael, 137 years -* [[en:tw:Ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] +"These were ... Ishmael, one hundred and thirty-seven years." Ishmael lived 137 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# breathed his last and died -* **These are the years of the life of Ishmael, 137 years** - "Ishmael lived 137 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **breathed his last and died** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:25:07]]. -* **was gathered to his people** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:25:07]]. -* **They lived** - "His descendants settled" (UDB) -* **from Havilah to Shur** - "between Havilah and Shur" -* **Havilah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:02:11]]. -* **as one goes toward** - "in the direction of" -* **They lived in hostility with each other** - Possible meanings are 1) "they did not live in peace together" (UDB), or 2) "they lived away from their other relatives." +The terms "breathed his last" and "died" mean basically the same thing. AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# was gathered to his people + +This means that after Ishmael died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he joined his family members who had already died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They lived + +"His descendants settled" + +# from Havilah to Ashhur + +"between Havilah and Ashhur" + +# Havilah + +Havilah was located somewhere in the Arabian Desert. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# as one goes toward + +"in the direction of" + +# They lived in hostility with each other + +Possible meanings are 1) "they did not live in peace together," or 2) "they lived away from their other relatives." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/19.md b/gen/25/19.md index a4334ce744..92452e4ead 100644 --- a/gen/25/19.md +++ b/gen/25/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# These were the events concerning Isaac, Abraham's son -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +This sentence introduces the account of Isaac's descendants in Genesis 25:19-35:29. AT: "This is the account of the descendants of Isaac, Abraham's son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# forty years old -* **These are the events concerning Isaac, Abraham’s son** - This sentence introduces the account of Isaac's descendants in Genesis 25:19-35:29. It could be translated as “This is the account of the descendants of Isaac, Abraham's son." -* **forty** - "40" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **when he took as his wife Rebekah** - "when he married Rebekah" -* **Bethuel** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:22:20]]. -* **Paddan-aram** - aram** - This is the name of a land. -* **Laban** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:24:28]]. +"40 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# when he took as his wife Rebekah + +"when he married Rebekah" + +# Bethuel + +Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Paddan Aram + +This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/21.md b/gen/25/21.md index 62127e9fc1..6fd17ff8f3 100644 --- a/gen/25/21.md +++ b/gen/25/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# she was childless -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:Rebekah]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"she was unable to become pregnant" -## translationNotes +# Rebekah his wife conceived -* **she was childless** - "she was unable to become pregnant" -* **Rebekah his wife conceived** - It can be made explicit that Rebekah was pregnant with two babies at the same time: "Rebekah, his wife, became pregnant with twins." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **The children struggled together within her** - Alternate translationS: "the babies inside her kept bumping against each other" or "The babies fought within her" -* **She went to ask Yahweh about this** - Verse 23 gives Yahweh's answer. Alternate translation: "She went and asked Yahweh about this." +It can be made explicit that Rebekah was pregnant with two babies at the same time: "Rebekah, his wife, became pregnant with twins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The children struggled together within her + +"the babies inside her kept bumping against each other" or "The babies pushed against each other within her" + +# The children ... within her + +Rebekah was pregnant with twins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# She went to ask Yahweh about this + +"She went and asked Yahweh about this." It is not clear where she went. She may have gone somewhere private to pray, or she may have gone somewhere to offer a sacrifice. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/23.md b/gen/25/23.md index 2fc52e0164..b1ede7da7e 100644 --- a/gen/25/23.md +++ b/gen/25/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# said to her -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"said to Rebekah" -## translationNotes +# Two nations ... serve the younger -* **said to her** - "said to Rebekah" -* **Two nations are in your womb** - This is poetic language that means the two children will start two separate nations. Alternate translations: "Two nations will come from the twins within you" or "The two babies in your womb will each become the ancestor of a nation." -* **And two peoples will be separated from within you** - This can be translated with an active verb: "And those two groups of people will separate from each other even when you give birth to them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the older will serve the younger** - Possible meanings are 1) "the older son will serve the younger son" or 2) "the descendants of the older son will serve the descendants of the younger son." If possible, translate it so that people could understand either meaning. +This is poetic language. If your language has a way to indicate poetry, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) + +# Two nations are in your womb + +Here "two nations" stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a nation. AT: "Two nations will come from the twins within you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# two peoples will be separated from within you + +Here "two peoples" stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a people. This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "when you give birth to these two children they will be rivals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the older will serve the younger + +Possible meanings are 1) "the older son will serve the younger son" or 2) "the descendants of the older son will serve the descendants of the younger son." If possible, translate it so that people could understand either meaning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/24.md b/gen/25/24.md index 98b510560f..c28276d531 100644 --- a/gen/25/24.md +++ b/gen/25/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. "indeed" -## translationNotes +# red all over like a hairy garment -* **behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “indeed.” -* **red all over like a hairy garment** - Possible meanings are 1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or 2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. Alternate translation "and he was red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Esau** - Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Esau sounds like the word 'hairy.'" -* **grasping Esau's heel** - "holding the back part of Esau's foot" -* **Jacob** - Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Jacob means 'he grasps the heel.' This is a way of saying 'he deceives.'” -* **sixty** - "60" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Possible meanings are 1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or 2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. AT: "red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Esau + +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Esau sounds like the word 'hairy.'" + +# grasping Esau's heel + +"holding the back part of Esau's foot" + +# Jacob + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Jacob means 'he grasps the heel.'" + +# sixty years old + +"60 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/27.md b/gen/25/27.md index cfd811243c..0690f87bea 100644 --- a/gen/25/27.md +++ b/gen/25/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# became a skillful hunter -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +"became good at hunting and killing animals for food" -## translationNotes +# a quiet man -* **became a skillful hunter** - "became good at hunting and killing animals for food" -* **a quiet man** - "a peaceful man" or "a less active man" -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Isaac and Rebekah. -* **because he ate the animals that he had hunted** - "because he ate the animals that Esau had hunted" or "because he enjoyed eating the wild animal meat that Esau caught." +"a peaceful man" or "a less active man" + +# who spent his time in the tents + +This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that someone could spend. AT: "who remained in the tents much of the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now + +This word is used to mark a change in focus, shifting from the story to background information about Isaac and Rebekah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Isaac loved + +Here the word "loved" means "favored" or "preferred." + +# because he ate the animals that he had hunted + +"because he ate the animals that Esau had hunted" or "because he enjoyed eating the wild animal meat that Esau caught" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/29.md b/gen/25/29.md index 15078d94f9..12ac80a431 100644 --- a/gen/25/29.md +++ b/gen/25/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jacob cooked -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +Since this is the beginning of a story about something that happened one time, some translators may want to start it with a phrase like "One day, Jacob cooked" in a similar manner to the UDB. -## translationNotes +# cooked some stew -* **Jacob cooked** - Since this is the beginning of a story about something that happened one time, some translators may want to start it with a phrase like “One day, Jacob cooked” in a similar manner to the UDB. -* **cooked some stew** - "boiled some food" or "cooked some soup." This stew was made of boiled lentils. (See: [[:en:bible:notes:gen:25:31]]) -* **he was weak from hunger** - Alternate translations: "he was very hungry" or "he was weak because he was very hungry" -* **I am exhausted** - "I am weak from hunger." Alternate translation: "I am starving." -* **Edom** - Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Edom means 'red.'" +"boiled some food" or "cooked some soup." This stew was made of boiled lentils. (See: [Genesis 25:34](./31.md)) + +# he was weak from hunger + +"he was weak because he was very hungry" or "he was very hungry" + +# I am exhausted + +"I am weak from hunger" or "I am very hungry" + +# Edom + +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Edom means 'red.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/31.md b/gen/25/31.md index cd5b0e0ccf..0c3e964fe5 100644 --- a/gen/25/31.md +++ b/gen/25/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# birthright -* [[en:tw:birthright]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +"right as firstborn to inherit most of our father's wealth" -## translationNotes +# I am about to die -* **birthright** - "right as firstborn to inherit most of our father's wealth" (UDB) -* **I am about to die** - Esau was exaggerating to emphasize how hungry he was. This could be translated as "I am so hungry I feel like I could die." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **What good is the birthright to me?** - Esau used a question to emphasize that eating was more important than a birthright. This could be translated as a statement: "My inheritance is no good to me if I die of hunger!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **First swear to me** - What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly: "First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **lentils** - These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Esau despised his birthright** - "Esau thought his birthright was not important." Alternate translation: "Esau showed that he did value his birthright." +Esau was exaggerating to emphasize how hungry he was. AT: "I am so hungry I feel like I could die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# What good is the birthright to me? + +Esau used a question to emphasize that eating was more important than a birthright. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "My inheritance is no good to me if I die of hunger!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# First swear to me + +What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly. AT: "First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lentils + +These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Esau despised his birthright + +"Esau showed that he did not value his birthright" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/intro.md b/gen/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..62a27d0847 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Genesis 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended or special quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 25:23, which is a quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Polygamy ##### +Abraham married another wife. This was sinful of him. Many other Hebrew leaders came to marry multiple wives. This is known as "polygamy." It has never been an acceptable practice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Inheritance ##### +In the ancient Near East, inheritance was passed on through the eldest son. Even though Esau and Jacob were twins, it is very important that Esau was born first. It was his birthright to receive his inheritance, but he foolishly gave it up. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### God fulfill's his promise ##### +God begins to fulfill the promise he gave to Abraham about making his descendants numerous. Many of these children through his concubines would become large people groups. This may not be easy to understand without the remainder of the Old Testament and the history it records. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/01.md b/gen/26/01.md index 2ba732bd9d..03920f2011 100644 --- a/gen/26/01.md +++ b/gen/26/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:gerar]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# a famine happened -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. -* **a famine happened** - "there was a famine" or "there was another famine." See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:26:01]]. -* **in the land** - Which land this refers to can be stated explicitly: "in the land where Isaac and his family lived." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **that had been in the days of Abraham** - The phrase "in the days" here refers to when Abraham lived. Alternate translation: "that had happened during Abraham's life." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"there was a famine" or "there was another famine" + +# in the land + +You can state explicitly the land to which this refers. AT: "in the land where Isaac and his family lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that had been in the days of Abraham + +"that had happened during Abraham's life" or "that had happened while Abraham was alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/02.md b/gen/26/02.md index c8ae352f5a..14fae9444d 100644 --- a/gen/26/02.md +++ b/gen/26/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh begins to speak to Isaac. -## translationNotes +# appeared to him -* **appeared to him** - "appeared to Isaac" -* **for to you and to your descendants, I will give all these lands** - "for I will give all these lands to you and your descendants" -* **fulfill the oath** - "keep the promise" +"appeared to Isaac" + +# Do not go down to Egypt + +It was common to speak of leaving the promised land as "going down" to another place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for to you and to your descendants, I will give all these lands + +"for I will give all these lands to you and your descendants" + +# I will fulfill the oath that I swore to Abraham your father + +"I will do what I promised Abraham your father I would do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/04.md b/gen/26/04.md index 23e9f00512..ccc5ec9dad 100644 --- a/gen/26/04.md +++ b/gen/26/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Isaac. -## translationNotes +# I will multiply your descendants -* Yahweh continues speaking to Isaac -* **I will multiply your descendants** - “I will cause your descendants to be very many” or “I will cause you to have very many descendants” -* **like the stars of heaven** - This compares Isaac's descendants with the stars to emphasize that he would have very many descendants. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:22:15]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **all the nations of the earth will be blessed** - This can be translated with an active verb: "I will bless all the nations of the earth." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **obeyed my voice** - "obeyed what I said" or "obeyed me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"I will cause you to have very many descendants." + +# like the stars of heaven + +This speaks about the number of Isaac's descendants as if they were the same as the number of stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:17](../22/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# heaven + +This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars. + +# all the nations of the earth will be blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bless all the nations of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Abraham obeyed my voice and kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws + +The phrases "obeyed my voice" and "kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws" mean basically the same thing. AT: "Abraham obeyed me and did everything I commanded him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# obeyed my voice + +Here "voice" stands for Yahweh. AT: "obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/06.md b/gen/26/06.md index 7e97c97de5..44794cea89 100644 --- a/gen/26/06.md +++ b/gen/26/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So Isaac settled in Gerar -* [[en:tw:Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:gerar]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader of the family, but his whole family was with him. AT: "So Isaac and his family settled in Gerar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# He feared to say -* **So Isaac settled in Gerar** - Alternate translation: "So Isaac and his family settled in Gerar." Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader of the family, but his whole family was with him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **He feared to say** - "He was afraid to say" -* **to get Rebekah** - "in order to take Rebekah" -* **He saw, behold, Isaac** - The word “behold” shows that what Abimelech saw surprised him. This could be translated as "And, he was surprised to see that Isaac." -* **was caressing Rebekah** - Possible meanings are 1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or 2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife. Alternate translations: "was touching Rebekah" or "was flirting with Rebekah." +Here "fear" refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. "He was afraid to say" + +# to get Rebekah + +"in order to take Rebekah" + +# He saw, behold, Isaac + +The word "behold" shows that what Abimelech saw surprised him. AT: "And he was surprised to see that Isaac" + +# was caressing Rebekah + +Possible meanings are 1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or 2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/09.md b/gen/26/09.md index 4540ddf8e4..127de51b0d 100644 --- a/gen/26/09.md +++ b/gen/26/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Abimelech called Isaac to him -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Abimelech probably sent someone to tell Isaac that Abimelech wanted to see him. AT: "Abimelech sent someone to bring Isaac to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Why did you say, 'She is my sister'? -* **Abimelech called Isaac to him** - "Abimilech sent for Isaac." Abimelech probably sent someone to tell Isaac to go to him. -* **to get her** - "so he could take her" -* **"What is this you have done to us?** - Abimelech used this question to scold Isaac. Alternate translation: "You should not have done this to us!" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Whoever touches this man** - Here "touches" means to touch in a harmful way. Alternate translation: "Whoever harms this man." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **will surely be put to death** - This can be translated with an active clause: "I will put him to death." Abimelech may have intended to tell someone to kill anyone who might harm Isaac or Rebekah. Alternate translation: "I will have him killed" or "I will have him executed." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Why did you say that she is your sister?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# to get her + +"so he could take her" + +# What is this you have done to us? + +Abimelech used this question to scold Isaac. AT: "You should not have done this to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you would have brought guilt upon us + +This speaks about causing someone to be guilty as if "guilt" were an object that is placed on someone. AT: "you would have caused us to be guilty of taking a man's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# upon us + +Here "us" refers to Abimelech and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Whoever touches this man + +Here "touches" means to touch in a harmful way. AT: "Whoever harms this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will surely be put to death + +Abimelech may have intended to tell someone to kill anyone who might harm Isaac or Rebekah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will put him to death" or "I will order my men to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/12.md b/gen/26/12.md index 8977a2ec8d..9404b9b0b4 100644 --- a/gen/26/12.md +++ b/gen/26/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This begins a new part of the story. It changes from telling about Isaac calling Rebekah his sister, and it starts to tell about how Isaac became very rich and the Philistines were jealous of him. -## translationNotes +# in that land -* **in that land** - "in Gerar" -* **a hundredfold** - This means "one hundred times as much as he planted." It can be translated more generally as "a very large crop" (UDB). -* **The man became rich** - "Isaac became rich" or "He became rich" -* **and grew more and more until he became very great** - "and he continued to become rich until he became very wealthy" -* **sheep** - This may also include goats. -* **The Philistines envied him** - "So the Philistines became jealous of him" +"in Gerar" + +# a hundredfold + +This means "one hundred times as much as he planted." It can be translated more generally as "a very large crop." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# The man became rich + +"Isaac became rich" or "He became rich" + +# grew more and more until he became very great + +"he gained more and more until he became very wealthy" + +# sheep + +This may also include goats. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a large household + +Here "household" stands for workers or servants. AT: "many servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The Philistines envied him + +"The Philistines were jealous of him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/15.md b/gen/26/15.md index a4f4741dab..2e3af33387 100644 --- a/gen/26/15.md +++ b/gen/26/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +Here this word does not mean "at this moment." It is indicating where the action in the story begins. It can be translated with the connecting word "So" to show that this is a result of what happened in [Genesis 26:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## translationNotes +# in the days of Abraham his father -* **in the days of Abraham his father** - The phrase "in the days of" refers to the time when a person was alive. This could be translated as "when Abraham, his father, was living." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **much mightier than we** - "much stronger than we are" -* **So Isaac departed** - "So Isaac and his household left." Only Issac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants were with him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The phrase "in the days of" stands for a person's lifetime. AT: "when Abraham, his father, was living" or "during his father Abraham's lifetime" + +# Abimelech said + +Possible meanings are 1) this is another action to force Isaac and his people to leave. AT: "Then Abimelech said" or "Finally Abimelech said" or 2) Abimelech made this decision because he saw that his people were jealous and acting in a hostile way towards Isaac. AT: "Therefore Abimelech said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# much mightier than we + +"much stronger than we are" + +# So Isaac departed + +Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants went with him. AT: "So Isaac and his household left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/18.md b/gen/26/18.md index db7b150aeb..fb19665dc2 100644 --- a/gen/26/18.md +++ b/gen/26/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Isaac dug out -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +Here "Isaac" stands for Isaac and his servants. AT: "Isaac and his servants dug out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# which they had dug -* **which they had dug** - "which had been dug" (UDB) or "which Abraham's servants had dug." -* **in the days of Abraham his father** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:26:15]]. -* **The Philistines had stopped them up after Abraham's death** - This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UDB. Or this sentence can start with "Isaac did this because." -* **had stopped them up** - "had filled them with earth" +"which Abraham's servants had dug" + +# in the days of Abraham his father + +"during his father Abraham's lifetime" or "when Abraham, his father, was living" + +# The Philistines had stopped them up + +This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Possible ways to translate this are: 1) Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UDB. or 2) This sentence can start with "Isaac did this because the Philistines had stopped them up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# had stopped them up + +"had filled them with earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/19.md b/gen/26/19.md index aafcb65b7f..1cbe19d7ac 100644 --- a/gen/26/19.md +++ b/gen/26/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# flowing water -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +This phrase refers to a natural spring they uncovered when they were digging a new well. It provided a continuous flow of fresh drinking water. AT: "fresh water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# herdsmen -* **flowing water** - This phrase refers to water that is safe to drink. This could also be translated as "fresh water" (UDB). -* **Esek** - Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Esek means 'quarrel' or 'argue.'" +"men who tended the herds" + +# This water is ours + +Here "ours" refers to the herdsmen of Gerar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Esek + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Esek means 'quarrel' or 'argue.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/21.md b/gen/26/21.md index e5fcbc68df..859ff7cc8c 100644 --- a/gen/26/21.md +++ b/gen/26/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then they dug -* [[en:tw:well]] +"Then Isaac's servants dug" -## translationNotes +# they quarreled -* **Then they dug** - "Then Isaac's servants dug" (UDB) -* **they quarreled** - "The herdsmen of Gerar argued with Isaac’s herdsmen" -* **so he gave it** - "so Isaac gave it" -* **Sitnah** - Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Sitnah means 'oppose' or 'accuse.'" -* **Rehoboth** - Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Rehoboth means 'make room for' or 'empty place.'" -* **us…we** - Isaac was speaking about himself and his household. +"the herdsmen of Gerar argued with Isaac's herdsmen" + +# so he gave it + +"so Isaac gave it" + +# Sitnah + +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Sitnah means 'oppose' or 'accuse.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rehoboth + +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Rehoboth means 'make room for' or 'empty place.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# us ... we + +Isaac was speaking about himself and his household. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/23.md b/gen/26/23.md index 563a90ffcb..357fa4643b 100644 --- a/gen/26/23.md +++ b/gen/26/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Isaac went up from there to Beersheba -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:well]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "went up" is probably a reference to going north. Say that he departed in the most natural way for your language. AT: "Isaac left there and went to Beersheba" -## translationNotes +# multiply your descendants -* **multiply your descendants** - “will cause your descendants to increase greatly” or “will cause your descendants to be very many” -* **for my servant Abraham's sake** - "for my servant Abraham" or "because I promised my servant Abraham that I would do this." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Isaac built an altar there** - Why Isaac built an altar can be made explicit: "Isaac built an altar there to sacrifice to Yahweh." -* **called on the name of Yahweh** - "prayed in the name of Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh." See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:12:08]]. +"will cause your descendants to increase greatly" or "will cause your descendants to be very many" + +# for my servant Abraham's sake + +"for my servant Abraham" or you can make the full meaning explicit. AT: "because I promised my servant Abraham that I would do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Isaac built an altar there + +You can make explicit why Isaac built an altar. AT: "Isaac built an altar there to sacrifice to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# called on the name of Yahweh + +To "call on" means to pray or to worship. Here "name" stands for Yahweh. AT: "prayed to Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/26.md b/gen/26/26.md index 5dd119ce82..88af5acd04 100644 --- a/gen/26/26.md +++ b/gen/26/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# went to him -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:gerar]] +"went to Isaac" -## translationNotes +# Ahuzzath -* **went to him** - "went to Isaac" -* **and Ahuzzath** - "with Ahuzzath." This is a man's name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Phicol** - See how you wrote his name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:21:22]]. -* **his friend** - Possible meanings are 1) "Abimelech's friend" or 2) "Abimelech's advisor" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# his friend + +Possible meanings are 1) "Abimelech's friend" or 2) "Abimelech's advisor." + +# Phicol + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 21:22](../21/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/28.md b/gen/26/28.md index 1862cf7df5..7c30df467e 100644 --- a/gen/26/28.md +++ b/gen/26/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they said -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. One of them spoke and the other two agreed with what he said. It does not mean they all spoke at the same time. AT: "one of them said" -## translationNotes +# We have clearly seen -* **they said** - This refers to Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. One of them spoke and the other two agreed with what he said. It does not mean they all spoke at the same time. This could be translated as "One of them said." -* **we have clearly seen** - "we know" or "we are certain" -* **So let us make a covenant** - "So we want to make a covenant" -* **as we have treated you well** - "as we have done only good to you." This can also be translated as the beginning of a new sentence as it is in the UDB. -* **you are blessed by Yahweh** - This can be translated with an active verb: "Yahweh has blessed you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"We know" or "We are certain" + +# So let us make a covenant + +"So we want to make a covenant" + +# and as we have treated you well + +This can also be translated as the beginning of a new sentence. "We have done only good to you" + +# you are blessed by Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has blessed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/30.md b/gen/26/30.md index d6577debfe..ea14f39958 100644 --- a/gen/26/30.md +++ b/gen/26/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Isaac made a feast for them, and they ate and drank -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +Eating a meal together was a part of making a covenant with one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# for them -* **for them** - "for Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol" -* **they ate** - Here the word "they" refers to Isaac, Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. This could be translated as "they all ate." (UDB) -* **They rose** - "They rose early" or "They got up early" +Here "them" refers to "Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol" + +# they ate + +Here "they" refers to Isaac, Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. AT: "they all ate" + +# They rose early + +"They awoke early" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/32.md b/gen/26/32.md index a7481da643..a294727f9c 100644 --- a/gen/26/32.md +++ b/gen/26/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He called the well Shibah -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +"So he called the well Shibah." Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Shibah sounds like the word that means 'oath.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Beersheba -* **and he called the well Sheba** - "So he called the well Sheba." Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Sheba sounds like the word that means 'oath.'” -* **Beersheba** - Translators may add a footnote saying “Beersheba can mean either “well of the oath” or “well of seven.” (See note on [[en:bible:notes:gen:21:31]]) +Translators may add a footnote saying "Beersheba can mean either "well of the oath" or "well of seven." (See note on [Genesis 21:32](../21/31.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/34.md b/gen/26/34.md index ec5fe97b62..96df9f9fd1 100644 --- a/gen/26/34.md +++ b/gen/26/34.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +Most of Genesis 26 was about Isaac. These verses are about his older son Esau. -## translationNotes +# forty -* Most of Genesis 26 was about Isaac. These verses are about his older son Esau. -* **forty** - "40" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **he took a wife** - This can be translated as "he married" or "he took two wives." -* **Judith...Basemath** - These are names of Esau's wives. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Beeri...Elon** - These are names of men. -* **the Hittite** - "the descendant of Heth" or "a descendant of Heth" -* **they brought sorrow to Isaac and Rebekah** - Here the word "they" refers to Judith and Basemath. Alternate translation: "Isaac and Rebekah were miserable because of them." +"40" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# he took a wife + +"he married." You can state explicitly that he married two women. AT: "he took two wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Judith ... Basemath + +These are the names of Esau's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Beeri ... Elon + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Hittite + +"the descendant of Heth" or "a descendant of Heth." The Hittite people were the descendants of Heth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They brought sorrow to Isaac and Rebekah + +Here "they" refers to Judith and Basemath. To make someone sorrowful or miserable is spoken of as if "sorrow" were an object that a person could bring to another person. AT: "They made Isaac and Rebekah sorrowful" or "Isaac and Rebekah were miserable because of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/intro.md b/gen/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..27b02f67fb --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 26 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +When things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham's descendants did not trust in Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +##### Wells ##### +In the ancient Near East, wells were very important strategically. Therefore, they were a sign of power and a sign of God's blessing being upon Isaac. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "She is my sister" ##### +Isaac was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Rebekah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Isaac's sister, they would have shown favor to him. This is the same thing his father, Abraham, did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]). +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/01.md b/gen/27/01.md index 868a5c55d4..4ac16f8036 100644 --- a/gen/27/01.md +++ b/gen/27/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# his eyes were dim -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] +This speaks about being nearly blind as if the eyes were a lamp and the light has nearly gone out. AT: "he was nearly blind" or "he was almost blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He said to him -* **his eyes were dim** - This means that Isaac could no longer see well. Alternate translation: "he was nearly blind" or "he was almost blind." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **He said to him** - "And Esau replied" -* **Here I am** - This can be translated as “Yes?” or “What is it?” or “I am listening.” See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:22:01]] -* **He said** - "Then Isaac said" -* **See here** - The phrase "see here" adds emphasis to what follows. It could also be translated "listen carefully." -* **I am old. I do not know the day of my death.** - "I have grown old and do not know when I will die." +"And Esau replied" + +# Here I am + +"I am here" or "I am listening." See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md). + +# He said + +"Then Isaac said" + +# See here + +The phrase "see here" adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I do not know the day of my death + +It is implied that Isaac knows he will die soon. AT: "I may die any day now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# death + +This refers to physical death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/03.md b/gen/27/03.md index a3b6c92481..da5158f1b7 100644 --- a/gen/27/03.md +++ b/gen/27/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] +Isaac continues giving instructions to his older son Isaac. -## translationNotes +# your weapons -* Isaac continues giving instructions to his older son Isaac. -* **your weapons** - "your gear" or "your equipment" -* **your quiver** - "your quiver of arrows" or "your arrows." A quiver is a case for holding arrows. -* **hunt game for me** - "hunt a wild animal for me" -* **Make delicious food for me, the sort that I love** - The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. This could be translated as "Cook for me the tasty meat that I love." +"your hunting equipment" + +# your quiver + +A quiver is a case for holding arrows. AT: "your quiver of arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# hunt game for me + +"hunt a wild animal for me" + +# Make delicious food for me, the sort that I love + +The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. AT: "Cook for me the tasty meat that I love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bless you + +In Bible times, a father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/05.md b/gen/27/05.md index a1a28376b2..6c4c66f597 100644 --- a/gen/27/05.md +++ b/gen/27/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:Esau]] -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "now" shows a change of emphasis to Rebekah and Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]). -## translationNotes +# Rebekah heard it when Isaac spoke to Esau his son -* **Now** - The word "now" is used here to introduce a change from telling about what Isaac said to Esau to what Rebekah said to Jacob . (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]). -* **Rebekah heard it when Isaac spoke to Esau his son** - "Rebekah heard Isaac speaking to his son Esau" -* **See here** - The phrase "see here" adds emphasis to what follows." You can translate it as "Listen carefully." -* **Bring me game** - "Bring me a wild animal that you hunt and kill" -* **make me delicious food** - Alternate translation: "cook for me the tasty meat that I love." See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:27:03]]. -* **bless you in the presence of Yahweh** - "bless you before Yahweh" -* **before my death** - "before I die" +"Rebekah heard Isaac speaking to his son Esau" + +# Esau went ... bring it back + +The words "So when" can be added to show that Rebekah speaks to Jacob because of what she heard, and she is speaking to him while Esau is gone. AT: "So when Esau went ... bring it back," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# to Esau his son ... to Jacob her son + +Esau and Jacob were both sons of Isaac and Rebekah. They are called "his son" and "her son" to emphasize that one parent preferred one son over the other son. + +# See here + +The phrase "see here" adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Listen carefully" + +# He said, 'Bring me game and make me delicious food, that I may eat it and bless you in the presence of Yahweh before my death.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "He told Esau to 'hunt a wild animal, and to make the tasty meat that he loves.' Then before he dies, Isaac will bless Esau in the presence of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Bring me game + +"Bring me a wild animal that you hunt and kill" + +# make me delicious food + +"cook for me the tasty meat that I love." See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:04](./03.md). + +# bless you in the presence of Yahweh + +"bless you before Yahweh" + +# before my death + +"before I die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/08.md b/gen/27/08.md index 30808d9e75..3999187e05 100644 --- a/gen/27/08.md +++ b/gen/27/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +Rebekah continues to speak to her younger son Jacob. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Rebekah continues to speak to her younger son Jacob. -* **obey my voice as I command you** - Rebekah said "my voice" to refer to what she was saying. This could be translated as "obey me and do what I tell you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will make delicious food from them for your father, just like he loves** - See how a similar sentence was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:27:03]]. -* **You will take it to your father** - "Then you will bring it to your father." This can also be translated as a command: "Then take it to your father." -* **so that he may eat it, so that he may bless you** - "and after he eats it, he will bless you" -* **before his death** - "before he dies" +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# obey my voice as I command you + +Rebekah said "my voice" to refer to what she was saying. AT: "obey me and do what I tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will make delicious food from them for your father, just like he loves + +The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:4](./03.md). + +# You will take it to your father + +"Then take it to your father" + +# so that he may eat it, so that he may bless you + +"and after he eats it, he will bless you" + +# he may bless you + +The word "bless" refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children. + +# before his death + +"before he dies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/11.md b/gen/27/11.md index b53f1f7b5b..beb264ed4c 100644 --- a/gen/27/11.md +++ b/gen/27/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am a smooth man -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +"I am a man with smooth skin" or "I am not hairy" -## translationNotes +# I will seem to him as a deceiver -* **I am a smooth man** - "I am a man with smooth skin" or "I am not hairy" -* **Perhaps my father will touch me** - This can also be translated as a rhetorical question: "What if my father touches me?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **and I will seem to him as a deceiver** - "and he will think that I am a liar." This can be a new sentence: "He will know that I am deceiving him." -* **I will bring a curse upon me and not a blessing** - Alternate translation: "Then because of what I do, he will curse me and not bless me." +"he will think that I am a liar" or "he will know that I am deceiving him" + +# I will bring a curse upon me and not a blessing + +Being cursed or blessed is spoken of as if a curse and a blessing are objects that are placed on a person. AT: "Then because of this, he will curse me and not bless me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/13.md b/gen/27/13.md index 38ffc0bd76..7ca4e1deae 100644 --- a/gen/27/13.md +++ b/gen/27/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# My son, let any curse fall on me -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +"let your curse be on me, my son." Being cursed is spoken of as if the curse were on object that is placed on the person. AT: "let your father curse me instead of you, my son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# obey my voice -* **My son, let any curse fall on me** - "Let your curse be on me, my son" -* **obey my voice** - Rebekah said "my voice" to refer to what she was saying. This could be translated as "obey what I tell you" or "obey me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **bring them to me** - "bring me the young goats" -* **made delicious food, just like his father loved** - See how a similar sentence was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:27:03]]. +Rebekah said "my voice" to refer to what she was saying. AT: "obey what I tell you" or "obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bring them to me + +"bring me the young goats" + +# made delicious food, just like his father loved + +The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/15.md b/gen/27/15.md index 01e69d1652..822b0d3dc5 100644 --- a/gen/27/15.md +++ b/gen/27/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# She put the skins of the young goats on his hands -* [[en:tw:Esau]] -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +The goat skins still had the hair on them. -## translationNotes +# She put the delicious food and the bread that she had prepared into the hand of her son Jacob -* **She put the skins of the young goats on his hands** - The goat skins still had the hair on them. -* **She put the delicious food and the bread that she had prepared into the hand of her son Jacob** - "She gave to her son Jacob the delicious food and bread which she had prepared" +"She gave to her son Jacob the delicious food and bread which she had prepared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/18.md b/gen/27/18.md index 7856a960be..cdb3e6a4bd 100644 --- a/gen/27/18.md +++ b/gen/27/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He said -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +"And his father replied" or "Isaac replied" -## translationNotes +# Here I am -* **He said ** - "And his father replied" or "Isaac replied" (UDB) -* **Here I am** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:22:07]]. -* **I have done as you said to me** - "I have done what you told me to do" -* **some of my game** - The word "game" refers to wild animals that someone hunts and kills. See how "game" was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:27:03]] +"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md). + +# I have done as you said to me + +"I have done what you told me to do" + +# some of my game + +The word "game" refers to wild animals that someone hunts and kills. See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/20.md b/gen/27/20.md index 6b33695970..1989c110c6 100644 --- a/gen/27/20.md +++ b/gen/27/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He said -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Jacob replied" -## translationNotes +# brought it to me -* **He said** - "Jacob replied" -* **How is it that you have found it so quickly** - "How did you find it so quickly" -* **brought it to me** - "caused it to happen in front of me" or "granted me success" -* **you are my true son Esau** - "you are really my son Esau" +This is an idiom meaning that God caused it to happen. AT: "helped me to succeed while hunting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# whether you are my true son Esau or not + +"if you are really my son Esau" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/22.md b/gen/27/22.md index 77d8bd81f7..e301f092d2 100644 --- a/gen/27/22.md +++ b/gen/27/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jacob went over to Isaac his father -* [[en:tw:bless]] +"Jacob approached Isaac his father" -## translationNotes +# The voice is Jacob's voice -* **Jacob went over to Isaac his father** - "Jacob approached Isaac his father" -* **The voice is Jacob's voice** - "The voice sounds like Jacob's voice" -* **but the hands are the hands of Esau** - "but the hands are Esau's hands" or "but the hands feel like Esau's hands" +Here Issac speaks of Jacob's voice as representing Jacob. AT: "You sound like Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# but the hands are the hands of Esau + +Here Issac speaks of Esau's hands as representing Esau. AT: "but your hands feel like Esau's hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/24.md b/gen/27/24.md index dcbd407657..0616f619f5 100644 --- a/gen/27/24.md +++ b/gen/27/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He said -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Isaac asks this question before blessing his son. AT: "But first Isaac asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## translationNotes +# eat of your game -* **eat of your game** - See how "game" was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:27:05]] -* **and he drank** - "and Isaac drank it" +The word "game" refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:7](./05.md). + +# he drank + +"Isaac drank it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/26.md b/gen/27/26.md index ac2df52107..afcb2cda58 100644 --- a/gen/27/26.md +++ b/gen/27/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he smelled the smell of his clothes and blessed him -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It can be made explicit that the clothes smelled like Esau's clothes. AT: "he smelled his clothes and they smelled like Esau's clothes, so Isaac blessed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# he smelled -* **and he smelled** - "and Isaac smelled" -* **the smell** - "the scent" -* **and blessed him** - "then he blessed him" +"Isaac smelled" + +# the smell + +"the scent" + +# blessed him + +"then he blessed him." This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children. + +# See, the smell of my son + +The word "see" is used as an emphatic figure of speech to mean "it is true." AT: "Truly, the smell of my son" + +# that Yahweh has blessed + +Here the word "blessed" means that Yahweh has caused good things to happen to the field and it has become fruitful. AT: "that Yahweh has caused to be very productive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/28.md b/gen/27/28.md index c58ccebf28..05a81df132 100644 --- a/gen/27/28.md +++ b/gen/27/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This is Isaac's blessing. He thought he was speaking to Esau, but he was speaking to Jacob. -## translationNotes +# give you -* This is Isaac's blessing. He thought he was speaking to Esau, but he was speaking to Jacob. -* **you** - Here "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. But the blessing would also apply to Jacob's descendants. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **dew from heaven** - "mist in the air" or "rain from the sky" -* **and of the fatness of the earth** - The word "fatness of the earth" refers to "fertile land" or "a land that produces plenty." This could be translated as "and good soil for producing crops." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. But the blessing would also apply to Jacob's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# dew of heaven + +"Dew" is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. AT: "night mist from heaven to water your crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fatness of the earth + +Having fertile land is spoken of as if the earth were fat or rich. AT: "good soil for producing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plenty of grain and new wine + +If "grain" and "wine" are unknown, this can be stated more generally. AT: "plenty of food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/29.md b/gen/27/29.md index 655acf7018..723303669a 100644 --- a/gen/27/29.md +++ b/gen/27/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# you ... your -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Here these pronouns are singular and refer to Jacob. But the blessing also applies to Jacob's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# nations bow down -* **you...your** - Here these pronouns are singular and refer to Jacob. But the blessing also applies to Jacob's descendants. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Be master over your brothers** - "Become a master over your brothers" -* **and may your mother’s sons bow down to you** - "And your mother’s sons will bow down to you" +Here "nations" refers to the people. AT: "people from all nations bow down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bow down + +This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Be master over your brothers + +"Become a master over your brothers" + +# your brothers ... your mother's sons + +Isaac is speaking this blessing directly to Jacob. But, it also applies to Jacob's descendants who will rule over the descendants of Esau and the descendants of any other of Jacob's brothers that he may have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# may your mother's sons bow down to you + +"your mother's sons will bow down to you" + +# May every one who curses you be cursed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God curse everyone who curses you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may every one who blesses you be blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God bless everyone who blesses you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/30.md b/gen/27/30.md index f921b90e6b..3c1d12a146 100644 --- a/gen/27/30.md +++ b/gen/27/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# had scarcely gone out from the presence of Isaac his father -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +"had just left the tent of Isaac his father" -## translationNotes +# delicious food -* **had scarcely gone out from the presence of Isaac his father** - "had just left the tent of Isaac his father" -* **it was then that Esau his brother came in from the hunting** - "Esau his brother returned from his hunt" -* **delicious food** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:27:03]]. -* **Father get up** - "Let my father get up" -* ** some of your son’s game** - "your son's" was a polite way of Esau referring to his own food he prepared. -* **your son’s game** - "game"refers to wild animals that people hunt to eat. See how "game" was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:27:05]]. +"tasty meat that I love." See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:3](./03.md). + +# some of your son's game + +Here "your son's" was a polite way of Esau referring to his own food he prepared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# your son's game + +The word "game" refers to wild animals that people hunt to eat. See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:7](./05.md). + +# bless me + +This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/32.md b/gen/27/32.md index c8542f9f66..658643ad00 100644 --- a/gen/27/32.md +++ b/gen/27/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# said to him -* [[en:tw:Esau]] -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] +"said to Esau" -## translationNotes +# Isaac trembled -* **said to him** - "said to Esau" -* **Isaac trembled** - "Isaac began to shake" -* **hunted this game** - See how "game" was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:27:05]]. +"Isaac began to shake" + +# hunted this game + +Game refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:7](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/34.md b/gen/27/34.md index f47eed6469..2d88d02c44 100644 --- a/gen/27/34.md +++ b/gen/27/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he cried with a very great and bitter cry -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] +Esau's anguish was similar to the taste of something bitter. AT: "he cried loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# has taken away your blessing +This is a figure of speech meaning Jacob took what was Esau's. AT: "I have blessed him instead of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/36.md b/gen/27/36.md index edb0b83f79..64bdafda97 100644 --- a/gen/27/36.md +++ b/gen/27/36.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Is he not rightly named Jacob? -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Esau uses a question to emphasize his anger at Jacob. AT: "Jacob is certainly the right name for my brother!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Jacob -* **Is he not rightly named Jacob?** - Esau uses a question to emphasize his anger at Jacob. Alternate translation: "Jacob is certainly the right name for my brother." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Jacob** - Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Jacob means 'he grasps the heel.' This is a way of saying 'he deceives.'” -* **my birthright** - "my right as firstborn to inherit most of our father's wealth" -* **What more can I do for you, my son?** - Isaac uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "There is nothing else I can do for you." +Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Jacob means 'he grasps the heel.' In the original language the name 'Jacob' also sounds like the word for 'he deceives.'" + +# He took ... blessing + +This speaks about a birthright as if it were an object that a person could take away. AT: "He tricked me into giving him the double inheritance that I should receive as firstborn son!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# now he has taken away my blessing + +This speaks about a blessing as if it were an object that person could take away. AT: "now he has tricked you into blessing him instead of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Have you not reserved a blessing for me + +Esau knows that his father cannot bless him with the same things that he blessed Jacob. Esau is asking if there is anything left to say to him that Isaac did not say while blessing Jacob. + +# What more can I do for you, my son? + +Isaac uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing else he can do. AT: "There is nothing else I can do for you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/38.md b/gen/27/38.md index 5fc008fb06..860b0d9a44 100644 --- a/gen/27/38.md +++ b/gen/27/38.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:father]] - -## translationNotes +# Have you not even one blessing for me, my father +This can be stated in positive form. "My father, do you have one more blessing for me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/39.md b/gen/27/39.md index 781d033582..06d6b0f90d 100644 --- a/gen/27/39.md +++ b/gen/27/39.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# said to him -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +"said to Esau" -## translationNotes +# Look -* **said to him** - "said to Esau" -* **Look** - "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -* **fatness of the earth** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:27:28]]. -* **your...you** - In 27:39-40 these pronouns are singular and refer to Esau, but what Isaac says also applies to Esau's descendants (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **dew of heaven** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:27:28]]. -* **By your sword you will live** - Here "sword" refers to violence or war. This could be translated as "You will fight all of your life." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This adds emphasis to what Isaac says next. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# far from the richness of the earth + +This is a figure of speech referring to the earth's fertility. AT: "far from the fertile soil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your ... you + +In 27:39-40 these pronouns are singular and refer to Esau, but what Isaac says also applies to Esau's descendants (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). + +# dew of the sky above + +"Dew" is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. AT: "the night mist from the sky to water your crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# By your sword you will live + +Here "sword" stands for violence. AT: "You will rob and kill people in order to get what you need to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will shake his yoke from off your neck + +This speaks about someone having a master as if the master's control over the person were a yoke that the person had to carry. AT: "you will free yourself from his control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/41.md b/gen/27/41.md index 8c16177880..3b4d97f414 100644 --- a/gen/27/41.md +++ b/gen/27/41.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Esau said in his heart -* [[en:tw:Esau]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +Here "heart" stands for Esau himself. AT: "Esau said to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# days of mourning for my father are near -* **Esau said in his heart** - "Esau said to himself" (UDB) -* **days of mourning for my father are near** - This refers to a number of days a person grieves when a family member dies. -* **The words of Esau her older son were told to Rebekah.** - This can be translated with an active clause: "Someone told Rebekah about Esau's plan." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **See** - "Listen" or "Pay attention" +This refers to a number of days a person grieves when a family member dies. + +# The words of Esau her older son were told to Rebekah + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Rebekah about Esau's plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# See + +"Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# is consoling himself + +"is making himself feel better" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/43.md b/gen/27/43.md index 00e050e33a..302e73a76b 100644 --- a/gen/27/43.md +++ b/gen/27/43.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:haran]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# flee to Laban -* **flee to Laban** - "leave here quickly and go to Laban" -* **for a few days** - "for a period of time" or "for a while" -* **until your brother’s fury subsides** - "until you brother calms down" -* **until your brother’s anger turns away from you** - "until he is no longer angry with you" -* **Why should I lose you both in one day?** - Rebekah uses a question to emphasize her concern. This can be translated as a statement: "I do not want to lose both of you in one day." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"leave here quickly and go to Laban" + +# for a while + +"for a period of time" + +# until your brother's fury subsides + +"until you brother calms down" + +# until your brother's anger turns away from you + +No longer being angry is spoken of as if the anger turns to a different direction away from the person. AT: "until he is no longer angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why should I lose you both in one day? + +Rebekah uses a question to emphasize her concern. AT: "I do not want to lose both of you in one day!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I lose you both in one day + +It is implied that if Esau kills Jacob, then they will execute Esau as a murderer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I lose + +This is a polite way of referring to her sons dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/46.md b/gen/27/46.md index 471b877bb7..19aa4799da 100644 --- a/gen/27/46.md +++ b/gen/27/46.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I am weary of life -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +Rebekah is exaggerating to emphasize how upset she is about the Hittite women that Esau married. AT: "I am terribly upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# the daughters of Heth -* **I am weary of life** - Rebekah is exaggerating to emphasize how upset she is about the Hittite women that Esau married. This could be translated as "I am terribly upset." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the daughters of Heth** - "these Hittite women" -* **like these the daughters of the land** - "who live in this land" -* **what good will my life be to me?** - Rebekah uses a question to emphasize how upset she would be if Jacob marries a Hittite woman. This could be translated as a statement: "My life will be awful!"(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"these Hittite women" or "descendants of Heth" + +# like these women, some of the daughters of the land + +The phrase "daughters of the land" means the local females. AT: "like these women who live in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# what good will my life be to me? + +Rebekah uses a question to emphasize how upset she would be if Jacob marries a Hittite woman. AT: "My life will be awful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/intro.md b/gen/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7149390da5 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended or special quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 27:27-29, 39-40, which are quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Blessing ##### +In the ancient Near East, a father's blessing was very important. This spoken blessing was legally binding. Jacob previously received the birthright from Esau and was guaranteed the double portion of land and money that was supposed to be inherited by the older son, Esau. In this chapter, Jacob tricks Isaac into giving him Esau's blessing. This means that he is to inherit the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/01.md b/gen/28/01.md index a38008db3c..359c6f8175 100644 --- a/gen/28/01.md +++ b/gen/28/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not take -* [[en:tw:bethuel]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:paddanaram]] +"Do not take" -## translationNotes +# Arise, go -* **You must not take** - "Do not take" -* **a wife from the Canaanite women ** - "from the daughters of Canaan" -* **Arise, go ** - "Go right away" -* **Paddan Aram** - See how this was translated in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:25:19]]. -* **Bethuel** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:22:20]]. -* **your mother’s father** - "your grandfather" -* **one of the daughters** - "from the daughters" -* **your mother’s brother** - "your uncle" +"Go right away" + +# Paddan Aram + +This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# house of + +This refers to a person's descendants or other relatives. AT: "family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bethuel + +Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your mother's father + +"your grandfather" + +# one of the daughters + +"from the daughters" + +# your mother's brother + +"your uncle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/03.md b/gen/28/03.md index 3f6d40e367..137c48eaf7 100644 --- a/gen/28/03.md +++ b/gen/28/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Isaac continues speaking to Jacob -## translationNotes +# make you fruitful and multiply you -* Isaac continues speaking to Jacob -* **make you fruitful and multiply you** - The word “multiply” explains how God would make Jacob “fruitful.” AT: "give you many children and descendants" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **May he give you the blessing of Abraham** - "May Yahweh give you the blessing he gave to Abraham" -* **your descendants after you** - “your offspring with you” -* **the land where you have been living** - "the land where you have been staying" -* **which God gave to Abraham** - "Which God promised to Abraham" +The word "multiply" explains how God would make Jacob "fruitful." AT: "give you many children and descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# May he give you the blessing of Abraham, to you, and to your descendants after you + +This speaks about blessing someone as if a blessing were an object that a person can give. The abstract noun "the blessing" can be stated as "bless." AT: "May God bless you and your descendants as he blessed Abraham" or "May God give to you and your descendants what he promised to Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# that you may inherit the land + +God giving the land of Canaan to Jacob and his descendants is spoken of as if a child were inheriting money or possessions from his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land where you have been living + +"the land where you have been staying" + +# which God gave to Abraham + +"which God promised to Abraham" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/05.md b/gen/28/05.md index b388d863a0..405e24f3f2 100644 --- a/gen/28/05.md +++ b/gen/28/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Paddan Aram -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Bethuel -* **Paddan Aram** - See how this was translated in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:25:19]]. -* **Bethuel** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:22:20]]. +Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/06.md b/gen/28/06.md index 5c0513b229..6c6cbf03ef 100644 --- a/gen/28/06.md +++ b/gen/28/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +The story changes from Jacob to Esau -## translationNotes +# Now -* The story changes from Jacob to Esau -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Esau. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Paddan Aram** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:25:19]]. -* **to take a wife** - "to take a wife for himself" -* **He also saw that Isaac had blessed him** - "Esau also saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob" -* **You must not take ** - "Do not take" -* **women of Canaan** - "daughters of Canaan" or "Canaanite women" +This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Paddan Aram + +This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to take a wife + +"to take a wife for himself" + +# He also saw that Isaac had blessed him + +"Esau also saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob" + +# You must not take + +"Do not take" + +# women of Canaan + +"daughters of Canaan" or "Canaanite women" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/08.md b/gen/28/08.md index 4abc6ae998..4868beb82f 100644 --- a/gen/28/08.md +++ b/gen/28/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] +This continues the background information about Esau. -## translationNotes +# Esau saw -* This continues the background information about Esau. -* **Esau saw** - "Esau realized" -* **the women of Canaan did not please Isaac his father** - "his father Isaac did not approve of the women of Canaan" -* **women of Canaan** - "daughters of Canaan" or "the Canaanite women" -* **So** - "Because of that" -* **besides the wives that he had ** - "in addition to the wives that he already had" -* **Mahalath** - This is the name of one of Ishmael's daughters. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Nebaioth** - This is the name of one of Ishmael's sons. +"Esau realized" + +# the women of Canaan did not please Isaac his father + +"his father Isaac did not approve of the women of Canaan" + +# women of Canaan + +"daughters of Canaan" or "the Canaanite women" + +# So + +"Because of that" + +# besides the wives that he had + +"in addition to the wives that he already had" + +# Mahalath + +This is the name of one of Ishmael's daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nebaioth + +This is the name of one of Ishmael's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/10.md b/gen/28/10.md index 65e615a33b..d8a38934b9 100644 --- a/gen/28/10.md +++ b/gen/28/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:haran]] +The story switches back to Jacob -## translationNotes +# He came to a certain place and stayed there all night, because the sun had set -* The story switches back to Jacob -* **He came to a certain place and stayed there all night, because the sun had set.** - "He came to a certain place and, because the sun had set, he decided to stay for the night." +"He came to a certain place and, because the sun had set, he decided to stay for the night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/12.md b/gen/28/12.md index c49d50c3d5..025b2b6ff4 100644 --- a/gen/28/12.md +++ b/gen/28/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He dreamed -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Jacob had a dream" -## translationNotes +# set up on the earth -* **He dreamed** - "Jacob had a dream" -* **set up on the earth** - "standing on the earth" -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **Abraham your father** - "Abraham your ancestor" or "Abraham your forefather" +"with the bottom of it touching the ground" + +# reached to heaven + +This refers to the place where God lives. + +# Behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# Yahweh stood above it + +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh was standing at the top of the stairway" or 2) "Yahweh was standing next to Jacob" + +# Abraham your father + +Here "father" means "ancestor." AT: "Abraham your ancestor" or "Abraham your forefather" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/14.md b/gen/28/14.md index d16797b68d..b5db6879a8 100644 --- a/gen/28/14.md +++ b/gen/28/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +God continues to talk to Jacob in a dream. -## translationNotes +# Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth -* God continues to talk to Jacob in a dream. -* **Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth** - God compares Jacob's descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. Alternate translation: "You will have more descendants than you can count." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and you will spread abroad to the west** - Here the word "you" is singular but refers to Jacob's descendants. It only speaks of Jacob since he is the leader of the family. Alternate translation: "and your descendants will spread out to the west." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **In you and in your descendants will all the families of the earth be blessed** - This can be translated with an active verb: "I will bless all families on the earth through you and your descendants." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **for I will not leave you. I will do all...** - “for I will not leave you until I have done all...” -* **I will keep you** - "I will keep you safe" or "I will protect you" -* **I will bring you into this land again** - "I will bring you back to this land" +God compares Jacob's descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. AT: "You will have more descendants than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you will spread far out to the west + +The word "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob represents his descendants. AT: "your descendants will spread out to the west" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will spread far out + +This means the people will extend the borders of their land and occupy more territory. + +# to the west, to the east, to the north, and to the south + +This phrases are used together to mean "all directions." AT: "in all directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Through you and through your descendants will all the families of the earth be blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bless all families on the earth through you and your descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Behold + +This adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# for I will not leave you. I will do all + +"for I will not leave you until I have done all" + +# I will keep you + +"I will keep you safe" or "I will protect you" + +# I will bring you into this land again + +"I will bring you back to this land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/16.md b/gen/28/16.md index b6105c9dda..b623610451 100644 --- a/gen/28/16.md +++ b/gen/28/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# awoke out of his sleep -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"woke up from his sleep" -## translationNotes +# the house of God ... the gate of heaven -* **awoke out of his sleep** - "woke up from his sleep" -* **the house of God...the gate of heaven** - The phrase "the gate of heaven" explains that this place is the entrance to "the house of God." AT: "the entrance to where God lives" (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The phrase "the gate of heaven" explains that this place is the entrance to "the house of God" and "the entrance to where God lives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# This is the gate of heaven + +This speaks about the entrance to the place where God lives as if it were a literal kingdom that had a gate that someone has to open to let people in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/18.md b/gen/28/18.md index ecec523000..879c9740f0 100644 --- a/gen/28/18.md +++ b/gen/28/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# pillar -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +This is a memorial pillar, that is, simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end. -## translationNotes +# poured oil upon the top of it -* **poured oil on top of it** - This can be made more explicit: "poured oil on top of it in order to dedicate the pillar to God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). -* **Bethel** - Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Bethel means 'house of God.'" -* **Luz** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This action symbolizes that Jacob is dedicating the pillar to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "poured oil on the top of it in order to dedicate the pillar to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Bethel + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Bethel means 'house of God.'" + +# Luz + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/20.md b/gen/28/20.md index 984ceb7c01..013b78f09c 100644 --- a/gen/28/20.md +++ b/gen/28/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# vowed a vow -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"made a vow" or "solemnly promised God" -## translationNotes +# If God will ... then Yahweh will be my God -* **vowed a vow** - "made a vow" -* **a sacred stone** - Alternate translation: "God's house" or "God's place" +Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. AT: "If you will ... then you, Yahweh, will be the God that I will worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# on this road on which I am walking + +This stands for Jacob's journey to find a wife and to return home. AT: "on this journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will give me bread to eat + +Here "bread" stands for food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to my father's house + +Here "house" stands for Jacob's family. AT: "to my father and the rest of my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a sacred stone + +This means that the stone will mark the place where God appeared to him and it will be a place where people can worship God. AT: "God's house" or "God's place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/intro.md b/gen/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a736a7974e --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Even though Jacob tricked his father in order to receive Esau's blessing, the chapter repeats the blessing, ensuring he inherits the blessings promised to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jacob's dream ##### +Jacob had a dream or received a vision. The purpose of this dream is to show that, despite Jacob's sin, God is giving Abraham's covenant promises to Jacob and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Bethel ##### +This was an important city for Abraham and his descendants. It is possible that there is some theological significance to the city of Bethel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/01.md b/gen/29/01.md index ea13ac11de..4d35038ffc 100644 --- a/gen/29/01.md +++ b/gen/29/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the people of the east -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +This means the people of Paddan Aram, which is a land east of the land of Canaan. -## translationNotes +# and, behold, three flocks of sheep were lying there by it -* **and, behold, three flocks of sheep were lying there by it** - The word “behold” This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **For out of that well** - This phrase marks a change from the story to background information about how the shepherds watered the flocks. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **they would water** - "the shepherds would water" or "those taking care of the sheep would water" -* **the well's mouth** - "the opening of the well" +The word "behold" marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# For out of that well + +"For from that well." This phrase marks a change from the story to background information about how the shepherds watered the flocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# they would water + +"the shepherds would water" or "those taking care of the sheep would water" + +# the well's mouth + +Here "mouth" is a way of referring to an opening. AT: "the opening of the well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/04.md b/gen/29/04.md index 8a137a1a11..de3dc0450e 100644 --- a/gen/29/04.md +++ b/gen/29/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jacob said to them -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:haran]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"Jacob said to the shepherds" -## translationNotes +# My brothers -* **Jacob said to them** - "Jacob said to the shepherds" -* **My brothers** - This is a polite way to greet a stranger. -* **and, look there, Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep** - "Now look! Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep" -* **Laban the son of Nahor** - Here "son" refers to a male descendant. Alternate translation: "Laban the grandson of Nahor." (UDB) +This is a polite way to greet a stranger. + +# Laban son of Nahor + +Here "son" refers to a male descendant. Another possible meaning is "Laban the grandson of Nahor." + +# and, look there, Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep + +"Now look! Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/07.md b/gen/29/07.md index bfbaf8811d..755509f481 100644 --- a/gen/29/07.md +++ b/gen/29/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# it is the middle of the day +"the sun is still high in the sky" or "the sun is still shining brightly" -## translationNotes +# for the flocks to be gathered together -* **for the flocks to be gathered together** - This can be translated with an active verb: "for you to gather the flocks." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **let them graze** - "let them eat grass in the field" -* **from the well’s mouth** - "from the well" or "from the opening of the well" -* **and we will water the sheep** - "then we will water the sheep" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for you to gather the flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be gathered together + +This means to gather them together inside a fence for them to stay for the night. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let them graze + +"let them eat grass in the field" + +# We cannot water them + +"We have to wait to water them". This has to do with timing, not permission. + +# until all the flocks are gathered together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until the other shepherds gather their flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the well's mouth + +Here "mouth" is way of referring to an opening. AT: "from the well" or "from the opening of the well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# and we will water the sheep + +"then we will water the sheep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/09.md b/gen/29/09.md index c27c1ff06c..1099550f90 100644 --- a/gen/29/09.md +++ b/gen/29/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# his mother's brother -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +"his uncle" -## translationNotes +# the well's mouth -* **his mother's brother** - "his uncle" -* **the well’s mouth** - "the well" or "the opening of the well" +Here "mouth" is a way of referring to an opening. AT: "the well" or "the opening of the well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/11.md b/gen/29/11.md index 2fd68fb191..87bbb5352e 100644 --- a/gen/29/11.md +++ b/gen/29/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jacob kissed Rachel -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate. -## translationNotes +# wept loudly -* **Jacob kissed Rachel** - In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate. -* **her father’s relative** - "related to her father" +Jacob weeps because he is so happy. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# her father's relative + +"related to her father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/13.md b/gen/29/13.md index eda18878ad..0b28b6c4ee 100644 --- a/gen/29/13.md +++ b/gen/29/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his sister's son -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] +"his nephew" -## translationNotes +# embraced him -* **his sister's son** - "his nephew" -* **embraced him** - "hugged him" -* **kissed him** - In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate. -* **Jacob told Laban all these things** - "then Jacob told Laban everything he told Rachel" -* **my bone and my flesh** - This phrase means they are directly related. Alternate translation: "my relative" or "a member of my family." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"hugged him" + +# kissed him + +In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate. + +# Jacob told Laban all these things + +"then Jacob told Laban everything he told Rachel" + +# my bone and my flesh + +This phrase means they are directly related. AT: "my relative" or "a member of my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/15.md b/gen/29/15.md index 746da6c2a4..e767b71b1e 100644 --- a/gen/29/15.md +++ b/gen/29/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Should you serve me for nothing ... my relative? -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Laban uses a question to emphasize that he should pay Jacob for working for him. The question can be translated as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "It is certainly right that I should pay you for working for me even though you are my relative." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# Now Laban had -* **should you therefore serve me for nothing?** - Laban uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "it certainly would not be right to make you work for nothing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Now Laban had** - The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban and his daughters. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]])) -* **Leah’s eyes were tender** - Possible meanings are 1) "Leah's eyes were pretty" or 2) "Leah's eyes were plain." +The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban and his daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Leah's eyes were tender + +Possible meanings are 1) "Leah's eyes were pretty" or 2) "Leah's eyes were plain" + +# Jacob loved Rachel + +Here the word "loved" refers to a romantic attraction between a man and a woman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/19.md b/gen/29/19.md index 2b3d3d0159..91cbe95105 100644 --- a/gen/29/19.md +++ b/gen/29/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# than that I should give her to another man -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] +"rather than give her to another man" -## translationNotes +# and they seemed to him only a few days -* **than that I should give her to another man** - "rather than give her to another man" -* **and they seemed to him only a few days** - "but the time seemed to him to be only a few days" -* **for the love he had for her** - "on account of the love he had for her" or "because of the love he had for her" +"but the time seemed to him to be only a few days" + +# for the love he had for her + +"on account of the love he had for her" or "because of his love for her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/21.md b/gen/29/21.md index 7386644fb7..321d3c1e61 100644 --- a/gen/29/21.md +++ b/gen/29/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Give me my wife, for my days have been completed—so that I may marry her! -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] +The phrase "have been completed" can be stated in active form. The statement is emphatic. AT: Give me my wife, so that I may marry her, for I have completed the length of time that I was to work for you!"Give me Rachel so that I may marry her, for I have worked seven years for you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# made a feast -* **Give me my wife, for my days have been completed–so that I may marry her** - so that I may marry her** - Alternate translation: "Give me Rachel so that I may marry her, for I have worked seven years for you." -* **made a feast** - "prepared a wedding feast" +"prepared a wedding feast." Most likely Laban had others prepare the feast. AT: "had others prepare a wedding feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/23.md b/gen/29/23.md index d92675d242..1922c4acd0 100644 --- a/gen/29/23.md +++ b/gen/29/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# who slept with her -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +It is implied that Jacob did not know he was with Leah because it was dark and he could not see. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Laban gave his female servant Zilpah ... her servant -* **Zilpah** - This is the name of Leah's female servant. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **behold, it was Leah** - The word “behold” here shows that [the person] was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: "Jacob was surprised to see it was Leah in bed with him." -* **Did I not serve you for Rachel?** - Jacob uses these questions to express his hurt or violation of trust toward Laban. Alternate translation: "I served you for seven years to marry Rachel!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the author gives background information about Laban giving Zilpah to Leah. Most likely he gave Zilpah to Leah before the wedding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Zilpah + +This is the name of Leah's female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# behold, it was Leah + +"Jacob was surprised to see it was Leah in bed with him." The word "behold" here shows that Jacob was surprised by what he saw. + +# What is this you have done to me? + +Jacob uses a question to express his anger and surprise. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I cannot believe you did this to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did I not serve you for Rachel? + +Jacob uses these questions to express his hurt that Laban had tricked him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I served you for seven years to marry Rachel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/26.md b/gen/29/26.md index 2639145439..8511af989b 100644 --- a/gen/29/26.md +++ b/gen/29/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It is not our custom to give -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] +"In our family we do not give" -## translationNotes +# Complete the bridal week of this daughter -* **It is not our custom to give** - "In our family we do not give" -* **Complete the bridal week of this daughter** - "Finish celebrating Leah's bridal week" -* **and we will give you the other also** - The full meaning can be made explicit: "and next week we will give you Rachel also." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Finish celebrating Leah's bridal week" + +# we will give you the other also + +The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "next week we will give you Rachel also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/28.md b/gen/29/28.md index a6e726b2a6..4a2d3d0ab0 100644 --- a/gen/29/28.md +++ b/gen/29/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jacob did so, and completed Leah's week -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"And Jacob did what Laban asked, and finished celebrating Leah's bridal week" -## translationNotes +# Bilhah -* **Jacob did so, and completed Leah's week** - "And Jacob did what Laban asked, and finished celebrating Leah's bridal week" -* **Bilhah** - This is the name of Rachel's female servant. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jacob slept with Rachel + +This is a polite way to say that they had marital relations. AT: "Jacob married Rachel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# he loved Rachel + +This refers to the romantic love between a man and a woman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/31.md b/gen/29/31.md index 62249e2f04..5c0ba8abd5 100644 --- a/gen/29/31.md +++ b/gen/29/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Leah was not loved -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jacob did not love Leah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# not loved -* **Leah was not loved** - This can be translated with an active verb: "Jacob did not love Leah." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **was childless** - "was not able to have children" -* **Leah conceived and bore a son** - "Leah became pregnant and gave birth to a son" -* **she called his name Reuben** - Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Reuben means 'See, a son.'" -* **my affliction** - Leah was experiencing a certain amount of rejection from Jacob. "my emotional pain" or "my sorrow". +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that Jacob loved Rachel more than Leah. AT: "loved less than Rachel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# so he opened her womb + +God causing Leah to be able to become pregnant is spoken of as if God is opening her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# was childless + +"was not able to become pregnant" + +# Leah conceived and bore a son + +"Leah became pregnant and gave birth to a son" + +# she called his name Reuben + +Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Reuben means 'See, a son.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh has looked upon my affliction + +Leah was experiencing emotional pain because Jacob had rejected her. The abstract noun "affliction" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Yahweh saw that I was suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/33.md b/gen/29/33.md index 8ba62f051f..ab9e8f94bf 100644 --- a/gen/29/33.md +++ b/gen/29/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Then she conceived -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +"Then Leah became pregnant" -## translationNotes +# bore a son -* **Then she conceived** - "Then Leah became pregnant" -* **bore a son** - "gave birth to a son" -* **Yahweh has heard that I am unloved** - "Yahweh has heard that my husband does not love me" -* **she called his name Simeon** - Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Simeon means 'heard.'" -* **will my husband be attached to me** - "my husband will embrace me" -* **I have borne him three sons** - "I have given birth to three sons for him" -* **his name was called Levi** - Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Levi means 'attached.'" +"gave birth to a son" + +# Yahweh has heard that I am unloved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has heard that my husband does not love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she called his name Simeon + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Simeon means 'heard.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# will my husband be attached to me + +"my husband will embrace me" + +# I have borne him three sons + +"I have given birth to three sons for him" + +# his name was called Levi + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Levi means 'attached.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/35.md b/gen/29/35.md index ebd5a45335..a2dce96c28 100644 --- a/gen/29/35.md +++ b/gen/29/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# She conceived again -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Leah became pregnant again" -## translationNotes +# bore a son -* **She conceived again** - "Leah became pregnant again" -* **bore a son** - "gave birth to a son" -* **this time will I** - "this time I will" -* **she called his name Judah** - Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Judah means 'praise.'" +"gave birth to a son" + +# she called his name Judah + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Judah means 'praise.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/intro.md b/gen/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..816247fc17 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Genesis 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter records the conflict between Jacob's wives, Rachel and Leah. This account continues into the next chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Shepherds ##### +Although the exact reasoning for the shepherds' unwillingness to give water to the sheep is unknown, it is probable they were being lazy. The actions of these shepherds contrast Jacob's actions. + +##### Kissing ##### +It was common in the ancient Near East for relatives to greet each other with a kiss. There was nothing sexual about this type of kissing. + +##### Marriage ##### +It was customary in the ancient Near East for a man to work for a woman's father in order to earn the right to marry her. It is unknown how common it was for a father to have his younger daughter marry before an older daughter. It was also sinful for Jacob to marry more than one wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/01.md b/gen/30/01.md index 69abf5b524..6146f2f684 100644 --- a/gen/30/01.md +++ b/gen/30/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] +"When Rachel realized that she was unable to become preganant" -## translationNotes +# I will die -* **she bore Jacob no children** - "she had not given birth to children for Jacob" -* **I will die** - Rachel is using hyperbole to show how upset she is about not having children. This could be translated as "I will feel completely worthless." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Jacob’s anger was burned against Rachel** - The phrase "anger was burned" is an idiom that can be translated as "Jacob was very angry with Rachel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Am I in the place of God, who has kept you from having children?** - This is a rhetorical question that Jacob uses to scold Rachel. It can be translated as a statement: "I am not God! I am not preventing you from having children!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Rachel is exaggerating to show how upset she is about not having children. AT: "I will feel completely worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Give me children + +"Cause me to become pregnant" + +# Jacob's anger burned against Rachel + +Jacob's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire. AT: "Jacob was very angry with Rachel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Am I in the place of God, who has kept you from having children? + +This is a rhetorical question that Jacob uses to scold Rachel. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am not God! I am not the one who is preventing you from having children!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/03.md b/gen/30/03.md index 89c20718e8..e92adcb1cd 100644 --- a/gen/30/03.md +++ b/gen/30/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# She said -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"Rachel said" -## translationNotes +# See -* **She said,** - "Then Rachel said," -* **See** - This can be translated as “Look” (UDB) or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **Bilhah** - This is the name of Rachel's female servant. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **on my knees** - This expression means that Bilhah's children will belong to Rachel. It could be translated as "for me." -* **I will have children by her** - This could be translated as “I will build my family through her.” +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." This adds emphasis to what Rachel says next. + +# there is my servant Bilhah ... I will have children by her + +At that time, this was an acceptable way for a barren woman to have children that would legally belong to her. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Bilhah + +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). + +# on my knees + +This is a way of saying that the child that Bilhah gives birth to will belong to Rachel. AT: "for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will have children by her + +"and in this way she will cause me to have children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/05.md b/gen/30/05.md index 5c1918738e..cf67ebaf80 100644 --- a/gen/30/05.md +++ b/gen/30/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Bilhah -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). -## translationNotes +# bore Jacob a son -* **Bilhah conceived** - This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:30:03]]. -* **bore Jacob a son ** - "gave birth to a son for Jacob" -* **God has listened to me** - This can be translated as "God has judged me" -* **heard my voice ** - Here "my voice" is a synecdoche and can be translated as "heard me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **she called his name** - "Rachel called his name" -* ** called his name Dan** - Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Dan means 'he judged.'" +"gave birth to a son for Jacob" + +# she called his name + +"Rachel gave him the name" + +# called his name Dan + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Dan means 'he judged.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/07.md b/gen/30/07.md index 0858604c6b..8d599f34c0 100644 --- a/gen/30/07.md +++ b/gen/30/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Bilhah ... conceived again -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Bilhah ... became pregnant again" -## translationNotes +# bore Jacob a second son -* **Bilhah...conceived again** - "Bilhah...became pregnant again" -* **and bore Jacob a second son** - "and gave birth to a second son for Jacob" -* **With mighty wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister** - The phrase "wrestlings have I wrestled" is an idiom used for emphasis. It is also a metaphor that compares a physical fight with Rachel's attempts to have a child like her sister has. It could be translated as "I have had a great struggle to have children like my older sister, Leah." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and have prevailed** - "and I have won" or "I have succeeded" -* ** called his name Naphtali** - Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Naphtali means 'my struggle.'" +"gave birth to a second son for Jacob" + +# With mighty wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister + +The phrase "wrestlings have I wrestled" is an idiom used for emphasis. It is also a metaphor that speaks of Rachel's attempts to have a child like her sister as if she were having a physical fight with Leah. AT: "I have had a great struggle to have children like my older sister, Leah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have prevailed + +"I have won" or "I have succeeded" + +# called his name Naphtali + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Naphtali means 'my struggle.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/09.md b/gen/30/09.md index 64bf341032..053c8377b8 100644 --- a/gen/30/09.md +++ b/gen/30/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# When Leah saw that -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"When Leah became aware that" -## translationNotes +# she took Zilpah, her servant, and gave her to Jacob as a wife -* **When Leah saw that** - "When Leah became aware that" -* **she took Zilpah, her servant, and gave her to Jacob as a wife** - "she gave Zilpah, her servant, to Jacob as a wife." -* **Zilpah** - This is the name of Leah's female servant. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **bore Jacob a son.** - "gave birth to a son for Jacob" -* **This is fortunate!** - "How fortunate!" or "What good luck!" -* **called his name Gad** - Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Gad means 'fortunate.'” +"she gave Zilpah, her servant, to Jacob as a wife" + +# Zilpah + +This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this in [Genesis 29:24](../29/23.md). + +# bore Jacob a son + +"gave birth to a son for Jacob" + +# This is fortunate! + +"How fortunate!" or "What good luck!" + +# called his name Gad + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Gad means 'fortunate.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/12.md b/gen/30/12.md index f3cef63b25..141905bff4 100644 --- a/gen/30/12.md +++ b/gen/30/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Zilpah -* [[en:tw:asher]] +This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# bore Jacob a second son -* **Then Zilpah** - See [[:en:bible:notes:gen:30:09]] on how to translate Zilpah. -* **bore Jacob a second son** - "gave birth to a second son for Jacob" -* **I am happy!** - "How blessed I am!" or "How happy I am!" -* **the daughters** - "the women" or "the young women" -* **called his name Asher** - Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Asher means 'happy.'" +"gave birth to a second son for Jacob" + +# I am happy! + +"How blessed I am!" or "How happy I am!" + +# the daughters + +"the women" or "the young women" + +# called his name Asher + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Asher means 'happy.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/14.md b/gen/30/14.md index 10ac401dd3..0d785a46b7 100644 --- a/gen/30/14.md +++ b/gen/30/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Reuben went -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"Reuben went out" -## translationNotes +# in the days of wheat harvest -* **Reuben went** - "Reuben went out" -* **in the days of wheat harvest** - Here the phrase "in the days of" is an idiom that refers to the season or time of year. This can be translated as "at the time of year of the wheat harvest" or "during the wheat harvest." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and found mandrakes** - a fruit that was said to produce sexual desire and fertility. This could be translated as "love fruit." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Is it a small matter to you"** - This is a rhetorical question used to scold Rachel. If your language uses rhetorical questions in this way it could be translated as "Do you not care" or "Does it mean nothing to you." Or, it could be translated as a statement: "It is bad enough that you have taken away my husband." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **Do you now want** - This is a rhetorical used to scold Rachel. It can be translated as "Now you want." -* **Then he will sleep** - "Then Jacob will sleep" or "Then I will let Jacob sleep" +Here the phrase "in the days of" is an idiom that refers to the season or time of year. AT: "at the time of year of the wheat harvest" or "during the wheat harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# mandrakes + +This is a fruit that was said to increase fertility and the desire to sleep with one's lover. AT: "love fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Is it a small matter to you ... my husband? + +"Do you not care ... my husband?" This is a rhetorical question used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It is bad enough ... my husband." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you now want ... too? + +This is a rhetorical question, used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now you want ... too!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Then he will sleep + +"Then Jacob will sleep" or "Then I will let Jacob sleep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/16.md b/gen/30/16.md index f07d8b401f..594362f805 100644 --- a/gen/30/16.md +++ b/gen/30/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# with my son's mandrakes -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"for the price of my son's mandrakes." See how you translated "mandrake" in [Genesis 30:14](./14.md). -## translationNotes +# she conceived -* **with my son's mandrakes** - "for the price of my son's mandrakes." See how "mandrake" was translated in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:30:14]]. -* **she conceived** - "She became pregnant" -* **and bore Jacob a fifth son** - "and gave birth to a fifth son for Jacob" -* **my wages** - Leah believed that God was rewarding her for giving her servant to Jacob. Alternate translation: "my due" or "my reward" -* **She called his name Issachar.** - Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Issachar means 'there is a reward.'" +"She became pregnant" + +# bore Jacob a fifth son + +"gave birth to a fifth son for Jacob" + +# God has given me my wages + +God rewarding Leah is spoken of as if he were a boss paying wages to someone who works for him. AT: "God has given my due" or "God has rewarded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She called his name Issachar + +Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Issachar means 'there is a reward.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/19.md b/gen/30/19.md index d42a63c94c..1ed7d4dcd7 100644 --- a/gen/30/19.md +++ b/gen/30/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Leah conceived again -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +"Leah became pregnant again" -## translationNotes +# bore a sixth son to Jacob -* **Leah conceived again** - "Leah became pregnant again" -* **and bore a sixth son to Jacob.** - "and gave birth to a sixth son for Jacob." -* **She called his name Zebulun** - Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Zebulun means 'honor.'" -* **and called her name Dinah.** - This is the name of Leah's daughter. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"gave birth to a sixth son for Jacob" + +# She called his name Zebulun + +Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Zebulun means 'honor.'" + +# called her name Dinah + +This is the name of Leah's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/22.md b/gen/30/22.md index 82c439d72c..164521aff5 100644 --- a/gen/30/22.md +++ b/gen/30/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# God called Rachel to mind and listened to her -* [[en:tw:Rachel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The phrase "call to mind" means to remember. This does not mean God forgot about Rachel. It means he considered her request. AT: "God considered Rachel and granted to her what she wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# God has taken away my shame -* **God called Rachel to mind** - God cared for Rachel and chose to enable her to become pregnant. -* **She called his name Joseph** - Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Joseph means 'may he add.'" -* **Yahweh has added to me another son** - Rachel's first sons were through her female servant Bilhah. +God causing Rachel to no longer feel ashamed is spoken of as if "shame" were an object that person could take away from someone else. The abstract noun "shame" can be stated as "ashamed." AT: "God has caused me to no longer feel ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# She called his name Joseph + +Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Joseph means 'may he add.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh has added to me another son + +Rachel's first sons were through her female servant Bilhah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/25.md b/gen/30/25.md index b680b2600d..7a6f1f1e5a 100644 --- a/gen/30/25.md +++ b/gen/30/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# After Rachel had borne Joseph -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"After Rachel gave birth to Joseph" -## translationNotes +# and let me go -* **After Rachel had borne Joseph** - "After Rachel gave birth to Joseph" -* **and let me go** - "so I can go" -* **you know the service I have given you** - "you know that I have served you enough." Jacob is reminding Laban of their contract ([[:en:bible:notes:gen:29:26]]). +"so I can go" + +# you know the service I have given you + +Jacob is reminding Laban of their contract ([Genesis Gen 29:27](../29/26.md)). The abstract noun "service" can be stated as "served." AT: "you know that I have served you long enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/27.md b/gen/30/27.md index 0c8215ce2e..e3c583a415 100644 --- a/gen/30/27.md +++ b/gen/30/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Laban said to him -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Laban said to Jacob" -## translationNotes +# If now I have found favor in your eyes -* **Laban said to him** - "Laban said to Jacob" -* **If now I have found favor in your eyes** - The phrase "in your eyes" refers Jacob's thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: "If I have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with me." (UDB) -* **wait** - "please stay" -* **I have divined** - "I have discovered by my own spiritual practices" -* **for your sake** - "because of you" -* **Name your wages** - This can be made more explicit: "Tell me how much I have to pay to keep you here." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "If I have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# found favor + +This is an idiom that means that someone is approved of by someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# wait, because + +"please stay, because" + +# I have learned by using divination + +"I have discovered by my own spiritual and magical practices" + +# for your sake + +"because of you" + +# Name your wages + +This can be made more explicit. AT: "Tell me how much I have to pay to keep you here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/29.md b/gen/30/29.md index 19646d6aca..c8c766ddd6 100644 --- a/gen/30/29.md +++ b/gen/30/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jacob said to him -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Jacob said to Laban" -## translationNotes +# how your livestock have fared with me -* **Jacob said to him** - "Jacob said to Laban" -* **how your livestock have fared with me** - "how well your livestock have done since I started taking care of them" -* **For you had little before I came** - "your herds were small before I worked for you" -* **and it has increased abundantly** - "but now your wealth has greatly increased" -* **Now when will I provide for my own household also?** - "Now when will I take care of my own family?" This can be translated as a statement: "Now I want to take care of my family." +"how well your livestock have done since I started taking care of them" + +# For you had little before I came + +"your herds were small before I worked for you" + +# and it has increased abundantly + +"but now your wealth has greatly increased" + +# Now when will I provide for my own household also? + +"Now when will I take care of my own family?" Jacob uses a question to emphasize that he wants to start providing for his own family. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now I want to take care of my family!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/31.md b/gen/30/31.md index f6af69adaf..c4fcb8de09 100644 --- a/gen/30/31.md +++ b/gen/30/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# What will I pay you -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +"What can I pay you" or "What can I give you." This can be made more explicit. AT: "What can I pay you so that you stay and work for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). -## translationNotes +# If you will do this thing for me -* **What will I pay you?** - "What can I pay you" or "What can I give you?" This can be made more explicit: "What can I pay you so that you stay and work for me?" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). -* **If you will do this thing for me** - "But if you will do this thing for me" -* **feed your flock and keep it** - "feed and take care of your flock" -* **removing from it every speckled and spotted sheep, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats.** - "and remove every sheep with spots, every black sheep, and every goat with spots." -* **These will be my wages** - "This will be the cost of keeping me here." +The connecting word "but" can be added to indicate that this is the one thing Jacob wants. AT: "But if you will do this thing for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# feed your flock and keep it + +"feed and take care of your flock" + +# removing from it every speckled and spotted sheep, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats + +"and remove every sheep with spots, every black sheep, and every goat with spots" + +# These will be my wages + +"This will be the cost of keeping me here" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/33.md b/gen/30/33.md index 4e088ea576..1cb0ebe0ad 100644 --- a/gen/30/33.md +++ b/gen/30/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# My integrity will testify for me later on -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The word "integrity" means "honesty." This speaks about integrity as if it were a person who could testify for or against another person. AT: "And later you will know if I have been honest with you or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and black among the sheep, if any are found with me, will be considered to be stolen -* **My integrity will testify for me later on** - The word "integrity" means to be honest or fair. Alternate translation: "And later you will know if I have been honest with you or not." -* **Every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and black among the sheep, if any are found with me, will be considered to be stolen.** - This can be translated with active verbs: "If you find any goats without spots or any sheep that are not black, you can consider them stolen." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Let it be according to your word** - "it will be as you say" or "we will do what you have said" [UDB] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you find any goats without spots or any sheep that are not black, you can consider them stolen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let it be according to your word + +"Let it be as you say" or "We will do what you have said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/35.md b/gen/30/35.md index 0b5a7ab195..50e115cec4 100644 --- a/gen/30/35.md +++ b/gen/30/35.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# that were striped and spotted -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] +"that had stripes and spots" -## translationNotes +# that were speckled and spotted -* **that were striped and spotted** - "that had stripes and spots" -* **that were speckled and spotted** - "that had spots" -* **every one that had white in it** - "every goat that had some white in it" -* **and all the black ones among the sheep** - "and all the black sheep" +"that had spots" + +# every one that had white in it + +"every goat that had some white in it" + +# all the black ones among the sheep + +"all the black sheep" + +# gave them into the hand + +Here "hand" stands for control or care. AT: "had his sons take care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/37.md b/gen/30/37.md index 0a7282f044..c90052ad32 100644 --- a/gen/30/37.md +++ b/gen/30/37.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# fresh poplar ... almond ... plane tree +These are all trees with white wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# peeled white streaks in them, and made the white inner wood appear that was in the sticks -* **fresh poplar ... almond ... plane tree** - These are all trees with white wood. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **and peeled white streaks in them, and made the white inner wood appear that was in the sticks** - "and peeled off pieces of bark so that the white wood underneath would show" -* **the watering-trough** - trough** - a long open container for holding water for animals to drink -* **conceived** - "mated" or "bred" +"peeled off pieces of bark so that the white wood underneath would show" + +# the watering troughs + +long open containers for holding water for animals to drink \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/39.md b/gen/30/39.md index d3da000d6a..58fb22baf8 100644 --- a/gen/30/39.md +++ b/gen/30/39.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The flocks bred -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +"The animals of the flocks conceived" or "The animals mated" -## translationNotes +# produced striped, speckled, and spotted young -* **conceived ** - "bred" or "mated" (UDB) -* **produced striped, speckled, and spotted young** - "gave birth to babies with stripes and spots" -* **and set the face of the flock toward** - "and he turned them to look at" -* **he separated his flocks** - "he set his flocks apart" -* **did not mix them** - "did not put them" +"gave birth to babies with stripes and spots" + +# Jacob separated + +It can be made explicit that this happened over several years. AT: "During the several years following, Jacob separated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# face toward + +"look toward" + +# he separated out his flocks for himself alone + +"he set his flocks apart" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/41.md b/gen/30/41.md index 5db5150b2a..fdc5ebd82c 100644 --- a/gen/30/41.md +++ b/gen/30/41.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# before the eyes of the flock -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] +Here the flock's "eyes" represent the sheep and emphasize what they see. AT: "so that the flock could see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# among the sticks -* **before the eyes of the flock** - "so that the flock could see them" -* **so that they might conceive among the sticks** - "to increase the chances that they would conceive among the sticks" -* **might conceive** - "might breed" or "might mate" -* **among the sticks** - "in front of the sticks" -* **the feebler animals** - "the weaker animals" -* **so the feebler animals were Laban's, and the stronger were Jacob's.** - "So the weaker offspring belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring belonged to Jacob." You can make this even more explicit: "So the weaker offspring did not have stripes or spots and so belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring did have stripes or spots and so belonged to Jacob." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). +"in front of the sticks" + +# the feebler animals + +"the weaker animals" + +# So the feebler animals were Laban's, and the stronger were Jacob's + +"So the weaker offspring belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring belonged to Jacob." You can make this even more explicit. AT: "So the weaker offspring did not have stripes or spots and so belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring did have stripes or spots and so belonged to Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/43.md b/gen/30/43.md index 1cf1c1267d..f1bc6cb674 100644 --- a/gen/30/43.md +++ b/gen/30/43.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The man -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Jacob" -## translationNotes +# became very prosperous -* **The man** - "Jacob" -* **became very prosperous** - "greatly prospered" or "became very wealthy" -* **donkeys** - an animal that is like a small horse with long ears (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +"greatly prospered" or "became very wealthy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/intro.md b/gen/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4386c9f776 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the story of the conflict between Rachel and Leah. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Women and their children ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was important for a married woman to have many children. If a woman did not have many children, people believed it brought shame upon her. This is one of the reasons why Rachel and Leah were always jealous of each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) + +##### Speckled and spotted ##### +Speckled and spotted sheep were considered to be imperfect. Therefore, they were considered to be much less valuable than the spotless sheep. Despite Jacob's fair offer, Laban once again tried to cheat him out of something he deserved. Jacob anticipated Laban's cheating. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/01.md b/gen/31/01.md index f657921839..3b091a80bd 100644 --- a/gen/31/01.md +++ b/gen/31/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Jacob heard the words of Laban's sons, that they said -* **Jacob heard the words of Laban’s sons, that they said** - "Jacob heard that Laban's sons were saying," -* **has taken away all that was our father’s** - Laban's sons were exaggerating because they were angry. This could be translated as "has taken so much that belonged to our father." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Jacob saw the look on Laban's face. He saw that his attitude toward him had changed** - These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second explains the look that Jacob saw on Laban's face. AT: "Jacob noticed that Laban was no longer pleased with him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **your fathers** - "your father Isaac and your grandfather Abraham" +"Jacob heard that Laban's sons were saying" + +# Jacob has taken away all that was our father's + +Laban's sons were exaggerating because they were angry. AT: "Everything that Jacob has taken belonged to our father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Jacob saw the look on Laban's face. He saw that his attitude toward him had changed + +These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second explains the look that Jacob saw on Laban's face. AT: "Jacob noticed that Laban was no longer pleased with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your fathers + +"your father Isaac and your grandfather Abraham" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/04.md b/gen/31/04.md index ee576c9707..1a36d556e2 100644 --- a/gen/31/04.md +++ b/gen/31/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"Jacob sent for Rachel and Leah and told them to meet him out in the field with the flocks" -## translationNotes +# to his flock and said to them -* **Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock** - "Jacob sent for Rachel and Leah and told them to meet him out in the field with the flocks." -* **and said to them** - This can be a new sentence: "He said to them" -* **I see your father’s attitude toward me has changed** - "I have noticed your father is no longer pleased with me" -* **You know that it is with all my strength that I have served your father** - The word "you" here refers to both Rachel and Leah. It also adds emphasis. Alternate translation: "You yourselves know that I have served your father with all my strength." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +This can be stated as two shorter sentences. AT: "to his flock. He said to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) + +# I see your father's attitude toward me has changed + +"I have noticed your father is no longer pleased with me" + +# You know that it is with all my strength that I have served your father + +The word "you" here refers to both Rachel and Leah. It also adds emphasis. AT: "You yourselves know that I have served your father with all my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/07.md b/gen/31/07.md index 2dbab74f4b..8ec17d1ab5 100644 --- a/gen/31/07.md +++ b/gen/31/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# has deceived me -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:father]] +"has lied to me" or "has not treated me fairly" -## translationNotes +# my wages -* **has deceived me** - "has lied to me" or "has not treated me fairly" -* **my wages** - "what he said he would pay me" -* **to hurt me** - Possible meanings are 1) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way or 2) physical harm, as in the UDB. -* **the flock bore** - "the flock gave birth to" -* **The speckled animals** - "the animals with spots" -* **The striped** - "the animals with stripes" -* **In this way God has taken away the livestock of your father and given them to me** - "This is how God gave your father's cattle to me." +"what he said he would pay me" + +# to hurt me + +Possible meanings are 1) physical harm or 2) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way. + +# The speckled animals + +"The animals with spots" + +# the flock bore + +"the flock gave birth to" + +# The striped + +"The animals with stripes" + +# In this way God has taken away the livestock of your father and given them to me + +"This is how God gave your father's animals to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/10.md b/gen/31/10.md index 4997a463b9..25ece1b0be 100644 --- a/gen/31/10.md +++ b/gen/31/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] +Jacob continues his story to his wives Leah and Rachel. -## translationNotes +# Once at the time of breeding season -* Jacob continues his story to his wives Leah and Rachel. -* **Once at the time of breeding season** - "During the breading season" -* **were striped, speckled, and spotted** - "had stripes, little spots, and big spots" -* **angel of God** - Possible meanings are 1) God himself appeared as a man, or 2) One of God's messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of God” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” -* **I said, "Here I am"** - "And I answered, 'Here I am' " -* **Here I am** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:22:01]]. +"During the breeding season" + +# mating with the flock + +Here "flock" represents only the female goats. AT: "mating with the female goats of the flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# were striped, speckled, and spotted + +"had stripes, little spots, and big spots" + +# angel of God + +Possible meanings are 1) God himself appeared as a man or 2) one of God's messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of God," using the normal word that you use for "angel." + +# I said + +"And I answered" + +# Here I am + +"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/12.md b/gen/31/12.md index 6bf4d9ac1e..34acac0241 100644 --- a/gen/31/12.md +++ b/gen/31/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +The angel of the Lord continues to talk to Jacob. (See: [Genesis 31:10](./10.md)) -## translationNotes +# Lift up your eyes -* The angel of the Lord continues to talk to Jacob. (See: [[en:bible:notes:gen:31:10]]) -* **Lift up your eyes** - This means "Look up" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **are striped, speckled, and spotted** - "have stripes and spots" -* **where you vowed a vow to me** - "where you made a vow to me" -* **the land of your birth** - "the land where you were born" +This is a way of saying "Look up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that are breeding with the flock + +Here "flock" stands for only the female goats. AT: "that are breeding with the female goats of the flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# are striped, speckled, and spotted + +"have stripes and spots" + +# where you anointed a pillar + +Jacob poured oil on the pillar to dedicate it to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the land of your birth + +"the land where you were born" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/14.md b/gen/31/14.md index 9abc7dbc11..266a1bb0e4 100644 --- a/gen/31/14.md +++ b/gen/31/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Rachel and Leah answered and said to him -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] +This does not mean they talked at the same time. It emphasizes they agreed with each other. -## translationNotes +# Is there any portion or inheritance for us in our father's house? -* **Rachel and Leah answered and said to him** - This does not mean they talked at the same time. It emphasizes they agreed with each other. -* **Is there any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house?** - Rachel and Leah use a question to emphasize that there is nothing left for their father to give. Alternate translation: "There is absolutely nothing left for us to inherit from our father." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are we not treated by him as foreigners?** - They use a question to show their anger about how their father treats them. This can be translated with an active verb: "Our father treats us like a foreign women instead of daughters." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For he has sold us** - This can be made more explicit: "he has sold us for his own gain." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **completely devoured** - "completely used up" -* **are now ours and our children's** - "belongs to us and to our children" -* ** whatever God has said to you, do it** - "do all that God has told you" +Rachel and Leah use a question to emphasize that there is nothing left for their father to give. AT: "There is absolutely nothing left for us to inherit from our father!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are we not treated by him as foreigners? + +They use a question to show their anger about how their father treats them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Our father treats us like a foreign women instead of daughters!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For he has sold us + +This can be made more explicit. AT: "He has sold us for his own gain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has also completely devoured our money + +Laban completely using up the money that he should have given to his daughters is spoken of as if he were a wild beast that ate the money as if it were food. AT: "he completely used up our money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are now ours and our children's + +"belongs to us and to our children" + +# Now then + +Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# whatever God has said to you, do it + +"do all that God has told you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/17.md b/gen/31/17.md index 7c029a125e..63f9962873 100644 --- a/gen/31/17.md +++ b/gen/31/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# his sons -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:paddanaram]] +Jacob took all of his children. It only mentions the sons because they are important as his heirs. AT: "his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# He drove all his livestock -* **his sons** - Jacob took all of his children. It only mentions the sons because they are important as his heirs. Alternate translation: "his children." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **He began to drive all his livestock** - "Livestock" is referring to all his domesticate animals. Alternate translation: "He drove all his cattle." -* **the livestock in his possession, which he had gained in Paddan Aram** - "the cattle which he gained in Paddan Aram" -* **He began to go to Isaac his father, to the land of Canaan** - "He went to the land of Canaan, to his Father Isaac" +"He drove all his cattle." Here "livestock" is referring to all his domesticate animals. + +# including the livestock he had acquired in Paddan Aram + +"and the other herd of cattle which he took ownership of when he was in Paddan Aram" + +# Then he set out to go to his father Isaac in the land of Canaan + +"He went to the land of Canaan, where his father Isaac lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/19.md b/gen/31/19.md index 3e80cae0d4..59568357a0 100644 --- a/gen/31/19.md +++ b/gen/31/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When Laban had gone to shear his sheep -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +"When Laban had left to cut the wool off of his sheep" -## translationNotes +# the River -* **Now Laban had gone to shear his sheep, and Rachel stole her father’s household gods** - "When Laban had left to cut the wool off of his sheep, Rachel stole her father's idols." -* **the River** - This refers to the Euphrates River. -* **the hill country of Gilead** - "the mountains of Gilead" or "Mount Gilead" +This refers to the Euphrates River. + +# headed toward + +"traveled toward" + +# the hill country of Gilead + +"the mountains of Gilead" or "Mount Gilead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/22.md b/gen/31/22.md index 2ac0fb666e..e1e75f9f9a 100644 --- a/gen/31/22.md +++ b/gen/31/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# On the third day -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] +It was Jewish custom to count the day of departure as day one. AT: "Two days after they had left" -## translationNotes +# Laban was told -* **On the third day** - It was Jewish custom to count the day of departure as day one. "Two days after they left" -* **Laban was told** - Alternate translation: "Someone told Laban." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that Jacob had fled** - Only Jacob is mentioned because he is the leader of the family. It can be made explicit that his family went with him: "that Jacob had fled with his wives and children." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **So he took** - "So Laban took" -* **and pursued him** - "and chased after Jacob" -* **for a seven days' journey** - Laban spent seven days walking to catch up to Jacob. -* **He overtook him** - "He caught up to him" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone told Laban" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that Jacob had fled + +Only Jacob is mentioned because he is the leader of the family. It can be made explicit that his family went with him. AT: "that Jacob had fled with his wives and children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So he took + +"So Laban took" + +# pursued him + +"chased after Jacob" + +# for a seven days' journey + +Laban spent seven days walking to catch up to Jacob. + +# He overtook him + +"He caught up to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/24.md b/gen/31/24.md index bd84555aca..1754c4c29d 100644 --- a/gen/31/24.md +++ b/gen/31/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream at night -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban. AT: "That night God came to Laban in a dream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good nor bad -* **Now God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream at night** - The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban. Alternate translation: "That night God came to Laban in a dream." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good or bad** - The phrase "good or bad" are used together to mean "anything." Alternate translation: "Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the hill country. Laban with his relatives camped in the hill country of Gilead also** - The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob and Laban. Alternate translation: "When Laban caught up with Jacob, Jacob had set up camp in the hill country. Then Laban and his relatives also setup camp in the hill country of Gilead." +The phrase "good nor bad" are used together to mean "anything." AT: "Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the hill country. Laban also camped with his relatives in the hill country of Gilead + +The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob and Laban. AT: "When Laban caught up with Jacob, Jacob had set up camp in the hill country. Then Laban and his relatives also camped in the hill country of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/26.md b/gen/31/26.md index c30468487c..89b0458c45 100644 --- a/gen/31/26.md +++ b/gen/31/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# carried away my daughters like prisoners of war -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Laban speaks about Jacob taking his family with him back to the land of Canaan as if Jacob took them as prisoners after a battle and is forcing them to go with him. Laban is exaggerating because he is angry and is trying to make Jacob feel guilty for what he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# flee secretly -* **like prisoners of war** - Laban compares Jacob leaving with his family to an army forcing prisoners to travel with them. Laban is exaggerating because he is angry and is trying to make Jacob feel guilty for what he did. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **flee secretly** - "run away in secret" -* **with celebration** - "with joy" -* **tambourine** - a small musical instrument that a person shakes with their hand -* **to kiss my grandsons** - "to kiss my grandchildren" -* **you have done foolishly** - "you have acted foolishly." +"run away in secret" + +# with celebration + +"with joy" + +# with tambourine and with harps + +These instruments stand for music. AT: "and with music" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tambourine + +a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# to kiss my grandsons + +Here "grandsons" would include all grandchildren whether male or female. AT: "to kiss my grandchildren" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# Now you have done foolishly + +"You have acted foolishly" + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/29.md b/gen/31/29.md index c966783efd..24d2136699 100644 --- a/gen/31/29.md +++ b/gen/31/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It is in my power to do you harm -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +The word "you" is plural and refers to everyone with Jacob. AT: "I have enough people with me to harm all of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good nor bad -* **It is in my power to do you harm,** - The word "you" is plural and refers to everyone with Jacob. Alternate translation: "I have enough people with me to harm all of you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good or bad** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:31:24]]. -* **you have gone away** - This "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. -* **for your father’s house** - "to be home with your family" -* **my gods** - "my idols" +The words "good nor bad" are used together to mean "anything." See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:24](./24.md). AT: "Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# you have gone away + +This "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to your father's house + +Here "house" stands for family. AT: "to be home with your father and the rest of your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my gods + +"my idols" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/31.md b/gen/31/31.md index d652cc01ae..f0b0230155 100644 --- a/gen/31/31.md +++ b/gen/31/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Because I was afraid and thought that you would take your daughters from me by force I left secretly -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] +"I left in secret because I was afraid that you would take your daughters from me by force" -## translationNotes +# Whoever has stolen your gods will not continue to live -* **Because I was afraid and thought that you would take your daughters from me by force I left secretly.** - "I left in secret because I was afraid that you would take your daughters from me by force." -* **will not continue to live** - Alternate translation: "we will put to death" or "we will execute" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **In the presence of our relatives** - The word "our" refers to Jacob's relatives and includes Laban's relatives. All the relatives will watch to make sure everything is fair and honest. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **whatever with me is yours and take it** - "whatever we have that is yours, take it" -* **For Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them** - This changes from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "We will kill whoever has stolen your gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# In the presence of our relatives + +The word "our" refers to Jacob's relatives and includes Laban's relatives. All the relatives will watch to make sure everything is fair and honest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# identify whatever with me is yours and take it + +"look for whatever we have that is yours and take it" + +# For Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them + +This changes from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/33.md b/gen/31/33.md index 907f8bc058..9d8b2291c4 100644 --- a/gen/31/33.md +++ b/gen/31/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the two female servants -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This refers to Zilpah and Bilhah. -## translationNotes +# he did not find them -* **the two female servants** - This refers to Zilpah and Bilhah. -* **he did not find them** - "He did not find his idols" +"he did not find his idols" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/34.md b/gen/31/34.md index 039988aaee..ba1a941f41 100644 --- a/gen/31/34.md +++ b/gen/31/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Rachel ... upon them -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Rachel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# saddle -* **Now Rachel** - The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Rachel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **saddle** - a seat placed on the back of an animal so a person can ride on it -* **that I cannot stand up before you** - "because I am unable to stand up in your presence" -* **for I am having my period** - This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +a seat placed on the back of an animal so a person can ride on it + +# my master + +Calling someone "my master" is a way of honoring them. + +# that I cannot stand up before you + +"because I am unable to stand up in your presence" + +# for I am having my period + +This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/36.md b/gen/31/36.md index 9777b7d02a..1c611db88c 100644 --- a/gen/31/36.md +++ b/gen/31/36.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to him -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"Jacob said to Laban" -## translationNotes +# What is my offense? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued after me? -* **He said to him** - "Jacob said to Laban" -* **What is my offense? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued after me?** - "What have I done wrong that you should pursue me like this?" -* **What have you found of all your household goods?** - "What have you found that belongs to you?" -* **Set them here before our relatives** - "Lay anything you have found in front of our relatives." Here the word "our" refers to Jacob's relatives and includes Laban's relatives. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **they may judge between us two** - the "two of us" being Jacob and Laban. Alternate Translation: "they may judge between the two of us." +The phrases "What is my offense" and "What is my sin" mean basically the same thing. Jacob is asking Laban to tell him what he did wrong. AT: "What have I done wrong that you should pursue me like this?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# hotly pursued after me + +Here the word "hotly" means Laban urgently chased Jacob intending to capture him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# What have you found of all your household goods? + +"What have you found that belongs to you?" + +# Set them here before our relatives + +Here the word "our" refers to Jacob's relatives and includes Laban's relatives. AT: "Lay anything you have found in front of our relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# they may judge between us two + +Here "two of us" refers to Jacob and Laban. The phrase "to judge between" means to decide which person is right in a dispute. AT: "they may judge between the two of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/38.md b/gen/31/38.md index 25ac7bfc32..1776cdbc9b 100644 --- a/gen/31/38.md +++ b/gen/31/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Jacob continues to speak to Laban. -## translationNotes +# twenty years -* Jacob continues to speak to Laban. -* **Twenty years** - "20 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **ewes** - female sheep. -* **miscarried** - to have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly -* **What was torn by beasts I did not bring to you** - Alternate translation: "When a wild animal killed one of your animals I did not bring it to you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Instead, I bore the loss of it.** - "Instead of counting it a loss from your flock, I counted it as a loss from my flock." -* **There I was; in the day the heat consumed me, and the frost by night** - "I stayed with your flocks even during hottest part of the day and the coldest part of the night." +"20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ewes + +female sheep + +# have not miscarried + +This means they have not had a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly with the lamb or kid born dead. + +# What was torn by beasts I did not bring to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When a wild animal killed one of your animals I did not bring it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Instead, I bore the loss of it + +For Jacob to count Laban's dead animals as a loss from his own flock is spoken of as if it was a burden he would bear on his shoulders. AT: "Instead of counting it a loss from your flock, I counted it as a loss from my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There I was; in the day the heat consumed me, and the frost by night + +Suffering in the hot and cold temperatures is spoken of as if the temperatures were animals that were eating Jacob. AT: "I stayed with your flocks even during hottest part of the day and the coldest part of the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/41.md b/gen/31/41.md index d6fb86f6a9..42a727ca09 100644 --- a/gen/31/41.md +++ b/gen/31/41.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +Jacob continues to speak to Laban. -## translationNotes +# These twenty years -* Jacob continues to speak to Laban. -* **These twenty years** - "These last 20 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **fourteen years** - "14 years" -* **changed my wages ten times** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:31:07]]. -* **and the one Isaac fears** - "and the same God my father Isaac fears" -* **sent me away empty-handed** - handed** - Alternate translation: "with absolutely nothing" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"These last 20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fourteen years + +"14 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# changed my wages ten times + +"changed what he said he would pay me ten times." See how you translated "my wages" in [Genesis 31:7](./07.md). + +# Unless the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the one Isaac fears, had been with me + +Jacob is referring to the same God not to three different gods. AT: "If the God of Abraham and Isaac, my father, had not been with me" + +# the God of my father + +Here the word "father" refers to his parent, Isaac. + +# the one Isaac fears + +Here the word "fears" refers to the "fear of Yahweh," which means to deeply respect him and show that respect by obeying him. + +# empty-handed + +This stands for having nothing. AT: "with absolutely nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God has seen my oppression and how hard I worked + +The abstract noun "oppression" can be stated as "oppressed." AT: "God has seen how hard I worked and how you oppressed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/43.md b/gen/31/43.md index ecddef4467..3e3e1918cd 100644 --- a/gen/31/43.md +++ b/gen/31/43.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# But what can I do today to these my daughters, or to their children whom they have borne? -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Laban uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing he can do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "But, there is nothing I can do to bring my daughters and grandchildren back with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# let it be for a witness -* **But what can I do today to these my daughters, or to their children whom they have borne?** - Laban uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "But, there is nothing I can do to bring my daughters and grandchildren back with me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the word "witness" does not refer to a person, but it is used figuratively and refers to the covenant that Jacob and Laban are making. The covenant is spoken of as if it were a person who is there when they agree to act peacefully to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/45.md b/gen/31/45.md index 01a74dd9af..8cac66583b 100644 --- a/gen/31/45.md +++ b/gen/31/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# pillar -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +This means that a large stone was simply set up on its end to mark the place where this important event happened. -## translationNotes +# made a pile -* **made a pile** - "stacked them on top of each other" -* **Jegar-saha-dutha** - saha-dutha** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Jegar-saha-dutha means 'heap of witness' in Laban's language." -* **Galeed** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Galeed means 'heap of witness' in Jacob's language. +"stacked them on top of each other" + +# Then they ate there by the pile + +Eating a meal together was a part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jegar Saha Dutha + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Jegar Saha Dutha means 'heap of witness' in Laban's language." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Galeed + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Galeed means 'heap of witness' in Jacob's language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/48.md b/gen/31/48.md index 2989c3f2e9..c54bb12f5c 100644 --- a/gen/31/48.md +++ b/gen/31/48.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# This pile is a witness between me and you -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The stones do not actually bear witness as a person. AT: "This pile will be a reminder between me and you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Galeed -* **This pile is a witness between me and you** - The stones do not actually bear witness as a person. Alternate Translation: "This pile will be a reminder between me and you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Galeed** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:31:45]]. -* **Mizpah** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Mizpah means 'watchtower.'" -* **although no one else is with us** - Here "us" refers to Laban and Jacob. Alternate translation: "even if no one else is there to see us" -* **see** - "remember" +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Galeed means 'heap of witness' in Jacob's language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:47](./45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mizpah + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Mizpah means 'watchtower.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# when we are out of sight one from another + +Here "out of sight" stands for no longer being in each other's presence. AT: "when we are no longer with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# although no one else is with us + +Here "us" refers to Laban and Jacob. AT: "even if no one else is there to see us" + +# see + +"remember." This adds emphasis to what is said next. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/51.md b/gen/31/51.md index 15ef477afd..f1a90a4af4 100644 --- a/gen/31/51.md +++ b/gen/31/51.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This pile is a witness, and the pillar is a witness -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +These piles of stones were to act as a remembrance and a boundary marker for Jacob and Laban regarding their peace agreement. They are spoken of as if they are human witnesses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# May the God of Abraham, and the god of Nahor, the gods of their father, judge between us -* **This pile is a witness, and the pillar is a witness** - These piles of stones were to act as a remembrance and a boundary marker for Jacob and Laban regarding their peace agreement. -* **May the God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us** - The word "God" is plural in this context. Since Laban worshipped several gods he was making a general promise that included the gods from both their grandfathers. Alternate Translation: "May Abraham's gods and Nahor's gods and their father's gods, judge between us." +Abraham is Jacob's grandfather. Nahor is Laban's grandfather. The father of Abraham and Nahor is Terah. Not all of them worshipped Yahweh. + +# the Fear of his father Isaac + +Here the word "Fear" refers to Yahweh, who Isaac deeply respected and showed that respect by obeying him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/54.md b/gen/31/54.md index 085cf5f790..c8d4c3051c 100644 --- a/gen/31/54.md +++ b/gen/31/54.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# called his relatives to eat a meal -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Eating a meal together was part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Early in the morning ... returned home -* ** Verse 55** - This verse is verse the first verse of chapter 32 in the original Hebrew text, but the last verse in most modern Bibles. We suggest that you follow the numbering of Bibles in your national language. +Verse 55 is the first verse of chapter 32 in the original Hebrew text, but the last verse of chapter 31 in most modern Bibles. We suggest that you follow the numbering of Bibles in your national language. + +# blessed + +This means expressing a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to someone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/intro.md b/gen/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..76457e3def --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Genesis 31 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's blessing ##### +When Jacob left Paddam Aram, he left very wealthy. Despite his punishment of exile from Canaan, God still blessed Jacob and his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Household gods ##### +Although a few scholars believe the possession of the household gods was a sign of inheritance, this seems unlikely. It is probable that Rachel believed these idols would bring them "good luck" and would bring them great blessing. This was sinful because they were to trust in Yahweh, who already promised to bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### +Laban's sons complained that Jacob cheated them out of their father's possessions. It was their father who tried to cheat Jacob out of what he promised to give Jacob. Jacob treated his brother Esau in the same way. Jacob cheated Esau out of their father's blessing. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/01.md b/gen/32/01.md index a6bb9a6515..e8767ff463 100644 --- a/gen/32/01.md +++ b/gen/32/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Mahanaim -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Mahanaim** - Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Mahanaim means 'two camps.'” +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Mahanaim means 'two camps.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/03.md b/gen/32/03.md index 20ee3165bc..31ccc36ec3 100644 --- a/gen/32/03.md +++ b/gen/32/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Seir -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# This is what you will say to my master Esau: This is what your servant Jacob says: 'I have been ... in your eyes.' -* **my master Esau** - Jacob is using polite language and refers to his brother as "my master." -* **your servant Jacob** - Jacob is using polite language and refers to himself as "your servant." -* **donkey** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:12:14]]. -* **sent to tell this** - The phrase "my messengers" is understood. Alternate translation: "sent my messengers to tell this." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **that I may find favor in your sight** - "that you may be pleased with me" +This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "'This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been ... in his eyes.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# my master Esau + +Jacob is using polite language and refers to his brother as "my master." + +# your servant Jacob + +Jacob is using polite language and refers to himself as "your servant." + +# that I may find favor in your eyes + +The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "that you may approve of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/06.md b/gen/32/06.md index 03ea03784d..12a757ece6 100644 --- a/gen/32/06.md +++ b/gen/32/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# four hundred men -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] +"400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# afraid -* **four hundred men** - "400 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **upset** - "distressed" or "troubled" +This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. + +# upset + +"distressed" or "troubled" + +# to one camp and attacks it, then the camp that is left will escape + +Here "camp" refers to the people. AT: "to attack the people in one camp, then the people in the other camp will escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/09.md b/gen/32/09.md index 0c422b13c4..bbd3c3511e 100644 --- a/gen/32/09.md +++ b/gen/32/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, Yahweh -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This does not refer to different gods, but to the one God they all worship. AT: "Yahweh, who is God of my grandfather Abraham and my father Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh, who said to me, 'Return to your country and to your kindred, and I will prosper you,' -* **God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, Yahweh** - This does not refer to different gods, but to the one God they all worship. Alternate translation: "O Yahweh, who is God of my father Abraham and my father Isaac." -* **and to your kindred** - "and to your family" -* **I will prosper you** - “I will do good for you” or “I will treat you well.” -* **I am not worthy of all your acts of covenant faithfulness and of all the trustworthiness that you have done for your servant** - "I do not deserve for you to remain faithful to your covenant or for you to show loyalty to your servant." -* **your servant** - This is a polite way of saying "me." +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated an indirect quotation. AT: "Yahweh, you who said that I should return to my country and to my kindred, and that you would prosper me," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# to your kindred + +"to your family" + +# I will prosper you + +"I will do good for you" or "I will treat you well" + +# I am not worthy of all your acts of covenant faithfulness and of all the trustworthiness that you have done for your servant + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "loyal." AT: "I do not deserve for you to remain faithful to your covenant or for you to be loyal to me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your servant + +This is a polite way of saying "me." + +# now I have become two camps + +Here the phrase "I have become" is an idiom meaning what he now possesses. AT: "and now I have enough people, flocks, and possessions with me to make two camps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/11.md b/gen/32/11.md index d2cecb4661..5058fa909f 100644 --- a/gen/32/11.md +++ b/gen/32/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# rescue me -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +"save me" -## translationNotes +# from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau -* **rescue me** - "save me" -* **from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau** - Here the word "hand" refers to power. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second clarifies that the brother whom Jacob intended was Esau. AT: "from the power of my brother, Esau" or "from my brother, Esau" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] or [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I am afraid of him, that he will** - "I am afraid that he will" -* **make you prosper ** - "do good to you" or "treat you well." -* **I will make your descendants like the sand of the sea** - God compared Jacob's descendants to the grains of sand around the sea. This emphasizes the large number of descendants that God will give Jacob. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **which cannot be numbered for their number** - "which you cannot count because of their number" +Here the word "hand" refers to power. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second clarifies that the brother whom Jacob intended was Esau. AT: "from the power of my brother, Esau" or "from my brother, Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I am afraid of him, that he will + +"I am afraid that he will" + +# But you said, 'I will certainly make you prosper. I will make your descendants ... number.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated an an indirect quotation. AT: "But you said that you would certainly prosper me, and that you would make my descendants ... number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# make you prosper + +"do good to you" or "treat you well" + +# I will make your descendants like the sand of the sea + +This speaks about the very large number of Jacob's descendants as if their number will be like the grains of sand on the seashore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# which cannot be numbered for their number + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which no one can count because of their number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/13.md b/gen/32/13.md index 075abb2ab1..33a616c3e6 100644 --- a/gen/32/13.md +++ b/gen/32/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# two hundred -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +"200" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty ... thirty ... forty ... ten -* **two hundred** - "200" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **ewes** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:31:38]]. -* **twenty...thirty...forty** - "20...30...40" -* **and their colts** - "and their young" -* **donkeys** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:12:14]]. +"20 ... 30 ... 40 ... 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# their colts + +"their young" + +# These he gave these into the hand of his servants, every herd by itself + +Here "into the hand" means to give control over them. AT: "He divided them into small herds, and gave each of his servants control over one herd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# put a space between each of the herds + +"let each herd travel at a distance from the other herds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/17.md b/gen/32/17.md index 0ae9db5e7e..ae07d6c6fa 100644 --- a/gen/32/17.md +++ b/gen/32/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# He instructed -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"He commanded" -## translationNotes +# asks you ... that are in front of you?' -* **He instructed** - "He commanded" -* **To whom do you belong?** - "Who is your master?" -* **whose are these animals in front of you?** - "who owns these animals in front of you?" -* **They are your servant Jacob's** - "They belong to your servant Jacob" +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "asks you who your master is, where you are going, and who owns these animals that are ahead of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# To whom do you belong? + +"Who is your master?" + +# Whose animals are these that are in front of you? + +"Who owns these animals that are in front of you?" + +# Then you will say, 'They are your servant Jacob's. They are a gift sent to my master Esau. See, he is also coming after us.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then I want you to tell him that all of these things belong to Jacob, his servant, and he his giving them to his master, Esau. And tell him that Jacob is on the way to meet him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# your servant Jacob's + +Jacob is referring to himself in a polite way as Esau's servant. + +# to my master Esau + +Jacob is referring to Esau is a polite way as his master. + +# coming after us + +Here "us" refers to the servant speaking and the other servants bringing herds to Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/19.md b/gen/32/19.md index 76b320fbee..9dae9e9f4e 100644 --- a/gen/32/19.md +++ b/gen/32/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# gave instructions to the second group -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"commanded the second group" -## translationNotes +# You must also say, 'Your servant Jacob -* **gave instructions to** - "commanded" -* **You will say also, 'Your servant Jacob** - possible meanings are 1) "You will say also, 'Your servant Jacob...' " or 2) "You will say, 'Also, Your servant Jacob...' " -* **I will appease him** - "I will calm him down" or "I will make his anger go away" +Possible meanings are 1) "You will say also, 'Your servant Jacob'" or 2) "You will say, 'Also, Your servant Jacob.'" + +# I will appease him + +"I will calm him down" or "I will make his anger go away" + +# he will receive me + +"he will welcome me kindly" + +# So the gifts went on ahead of him + +Here "gifts" stands for the servants taking the gifts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He himself stayed + +Here "himself" emphasizes that Jacob did not go with the servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/22.md b/gen/32/22.md index eaf22c88fc..28ea13e508 100644 --- a/gen/32/22.md +++ b/gen/32/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# his two women servants -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"his two servant wives." This means Zilpah and Bilhah. -## translationNotes +# ford -* **his two servant women** - "his two servant wives" -* **ford** - a shallow place in a river that is easy to cross -* **Jabbok** - This is the name of a river. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **all his possessions** - "all that he had" +a shallow place in a river that is easy to cross + +# Jabbok + +This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all his possessions + +"all that he had" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/24.md b/gen/32/24.md index e78fcda989..b67e2d505b 100644 --- a/gen/32/24.md +++ b/gen/32/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# until daybreak -* [[en:tw:bless]] +"until dawn" -## translationNotes +# hip -* **hip** - "thigh socket." This refers to the place where the upper leg bone connects to the hip. -* **Jacob's hip was dislocated as he wrestled with him** - Alternate translation: "The man injured Jacob's hip as he wrestled with him" or "The man caused Jacob's thigh bone to pull away from the hip socket." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"thigh socket." This is the place where the upper leg bone connects to the hip. + +# Jacob's hip was dislocated as he wrestled with him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The man injured Jacob's hip as he wrestled with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the dawn is breaking + +"the sun will rise soon" + +# bless + +Here "bless" means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person. + +# I will not let you go unless you bless me + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Absolutely not! You must bless me first, then I will let you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/27.md b/gen/32/27.md index a6af19b24e..1947603bac 100644 --- a/gen/32/27.md +++ b/gen/32/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Israel means 'He struggles with God.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# with men -* **Israel** - Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Israel means 'He struggles with God.'" +Here "men" means "people" in general. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/29.md b/gen/32/29.md index 67587b15e4..0b9b020cbb 100644 --- a/gen/32/29.md +++ b/gen/32/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He said, "Why is it that you ask my name?" -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"He said, 'Why would you ask about my name?'" This rhetorical question was meant to shock, rebuke and cause Jacob to ponder over what just happened between him and the other man he just wrestled with. AT: "Do not ask me for my name!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Peniel -* **He said, "Why is it that you ask my name?"** - "He said, 'Why would you ask about my name?'" This rhetorical question was meant to shock, rebuke and cause Jacob to ponder over what just happened between him and the other man he just wrestled with. Alternate Translation: "Do not ask me for my name." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Peniel** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Peniel means 'the face of God.'" -* **and my life is delivered** - "yet he spared my life" +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Peniel means 'the face of God.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# face to face + +Being "face to face" means that two people are seeing each other in person, at a close distance. + +# and my life is delivered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "yet he spared my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/31.md b/gen/32/31.md index a188567edf..cafe846fcd 100644 --- a/gen/32/31.md +++ b/gen/32/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# That is why to this day +This marks a change from the story to background information about the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# to this day -* **That is why to this day** - This marks a change from the story to background information about the descendants of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **ligaments of the hip** - This refers to the muscle that connects the thigh bone to the thigh socket. -* **hip joint** - "thigh socket" -* **while dislocating** - "while striking" +This means to the day that the author was writing this. + +# ligaments of the hip + +This refers to the muscle that connects the thigh bone to the thigh socket. + +# hip joint + +"thigh socket" + +# while dislocating + +"while striking" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/intro.md b/gen/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..adb85451af --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Genesis 32 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jacob does not trust Yahweh ##### +Jacob does not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he fears that his brother Esau could kill him and his family. He should have known that Yahweh would continue to bless him and protect his family. He should have trusted in Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) + +##### Name change ##### + +In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person's life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "A man wrestled with him" ##### +Scholars are divided over the identity of the person Jacob wrestled with. It was probably an angel, but some believe he wrestled with Jesus before he came to earth. The translator will probably have difficulty trying to keep ambiguity in identifying this individual because the word "man" usually indicates a normal, living person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/01.md b/gen/33/01.md index 65b0be1e41..d4fb13ef8f 100644 --- a/gen/33/01.md +++ b/gen/33/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to a surprising new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# four hundred men -* **behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to a surprising new part of the story. -* **four hundred men** - "400 men" (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]). -* **female servants** - "servant wives." This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah. +"400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jacob divided the children ... female servants + +This does not mean Jacob divided the children evenly so that each woman had the same amount of children with her. Jacob divided the children so that each one went with his or her mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# female servants + +"servant wives." This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah. + +# He himself went on ahead of them + +Here "himself" emphasizes that Jacob went alone in front of the others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# He bowed + +Here the word "bow" means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/04.md b/gen/33/04.md index fc2c05b455..fc6067d8b0 100644 --- a/gen/33/04.md +++ b/gen/33/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# meet him -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"meet Jacob" -## translationNotes +# embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him -* **meet him** - "meet Jacob" -* **embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him** - This could be translated as a new sentence. "Esau put his arms around Jacob, hugged him, and kissed him." -* **they wept** - This can be translated more explicitly as "Then Esau and Jacob cried because they were happy to see each other again." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). -* **he saw the women and the children** - "he saw women and children that were with Jacob" -* **The children whom God has graciously given your servant** - The phrase "your servant" is a polite way for Jacob to refer to himself. Alternate translation: "these are the children God has kindly given me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]). +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "Esau put his arms around Jacob, hugged him, and kissed him" + +# Then they wept + +This can be translated more explicitly. AT: "Then Esau and Jacob cried because they were happy to see each other again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he saw the women and the children + +"he saw the women and children who were with Jacob" + +# The children whom God has graciously given your servant + +The phrase "your servant" is a polite way for Jacob to refer to himself. AT: "These are the children God has kindly given me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/06.md b/gen/33/06.md index 5737e530b6..16e7be77b8 100644 --- a/gen/33/06.md +++ b/gen/33/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# female servants -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"servant wives." This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah. -## translationNotes +# bowed down -* **female servants ** - "servant wives." This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah. -* **What do you mean by all these groups that I met?** - The phrase "all these groups" refers to the groups of servants that Jacob sent to give gifts to Esau. "Why did you send all of those different groups to meet me?" -* **To find favor in the sight of my master** - The phrase "my master" is a polite way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: "So that you would be pleased with me." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) +This is a sign of humility and respect before another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# What do you mean by all these groups that I met? + +The phrase "all these groups" refers to the groups of servants that Jacob sent to give gifts to Esau. AT: "Why did you send all of those different groups to meet me?" + +# To find favor in the sight of my master + +The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "So that you, my master, would be pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my master + +The phrase "my master" is a polite way of referring to Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/09.md b/gen/33/09.md index bdc1a70bdb..963180fd58 100644 --- a/gen/33/09.md +++ b/gen/33/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# I have enough -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +The word "animals" or "property" is understood. AT: "I have enough animals" or "I have enough property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# if I have found favor in your eyes -* **I have enough** - This can be made more explicit: "I have enough property." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). -* **if I have found favor in your sight** - "if you are pleased with me." Alternate translation: "since you are pleased with me." -* **my gift from my hand** - "this gift that I am giving to you" -* **for indeed** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "For certainly" -* **I have seen your face, and it is like seeing the face of God** - Jacob compares Esau's face to God's face. The meaning of this is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or 2) Jacob is amazed to see his brothers again like he was amazed to see God or 3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau's presence like he was humbled to be in God's presence. -* **God has dealt graciously with me** - "God has treated me very well" or "God has blessed me very much" -* **Thus Jacob urged him, and Esau accepted it** - It was customary to refuse a gift first, but then to accept the gift before the giver was offended. +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my gift from my hand + +Here "hand" refers to Jacob. AT: "this gift that I am giving to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my hand, for indeed + +This can be translated as a new sentence: "my hand. For certainly" + +# I have seen your face, and it is like seeing the face of God + +The meaning of this simile is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or 2) Jacob is amazed to see his brother again like he was amazed to see God or 3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau's presence like he was humbled to be in God's presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I have seen your face + +Here "face" stands for Esau. It may be best to translate as "face" because of the importance of the word "face" here with "face of God" and "face to face" in [Genesis 32:30](../32/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# that was brought to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that my servants brought to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God has dealt graciously with me + +"God has treated me very well" or "God has blessed me very much" + +# Thus Jacob urged him, and Esau accepted it + +It was customary to refuse a gift first, but then to accept the gift before the giver was offended. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/12.md b/gen/33/12.md index 2ede6cb473..75449f83cb 100644 --- a/gen/33/12.md +++ b/gen/33/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# My master knows -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. AT: "You, my master, know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# the children are young -* **my lord** - This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: “you.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **the children are young** - "the children are too young to travel fast" -* **the flocks and herds with me have their young** - "the flocks and herds that are with me are nursing their young" -* **overdrive them** - "drive them too hard" -* **his servant** - This is a polite and formal way of Jacob referring to himself. Alternate translation: "me." -* **at the pace of the cattle that are before me** - "at the speed the animals I am looking after can go" +The meaning can be stated more explicitly. AT: "the children are too young to travel fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If they are driven hard even one day + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If we force them to go too fast even for one day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Please let my master go on ahead of his servant + +This is a polite and formal way of Jacob referring to himself. AT: "My lord, I am your servant. Please go ahead of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# at the pace of the livestock that are before me + +"at the speed the animals I am looking after can go" + +# Seir + +This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. See how you translated this in [Genesis 32:3](../32/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/15.md b/gen/33/15.md index f2ff76a5e3..6133dd4536 100644 --- a/gen/33/15.md +++ b/gen/33/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do that? -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +Jacob uses a question to emphasize that Esau does not need to leave men. AT: "Do not do that!" or "You do not need to do that!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# my lord -* **Why do that?** - Jacob uses a question to emphasize that Esau does not need to leave men. Alternate translation: "Don't do that" or "You don't need to do that." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **my lord** - This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. You can also translate it "you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]). -* **Succoth** - Translators may also add a footnote that says, “The name Succoth means 'shelters.'" -* **for his livestock** - "for the animals he looked after" +This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. AT: "you, my lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). + +# Succoth + +Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name Succoth means 'shelters.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# built himself a house + +It is implied that the house is also for his family. AT: "built a house for himself and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for his livestock + +"for the animals he looked after" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/18.md b/gen/33/18.md index 1032dc698b..2b2983289b 100644 --- a/gen/33/18.md +++ b/gen/33/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:paddanaram]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This starts a new part of the story. The author describes what Jacob did after he rested in Succoth. -## translationNotes +# When Jacob came from Paddan Aram -* **When Jacob came from Paddan-aram** - aram** - "When" starts a new story line (episode) with Jacob after he rested in Succoth. -* **he camped near** - "he set up his camp near" -* **piece of ground** - "piece of land" -* **Hamor** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shechem’s father** - Shechem is the name of a city and the name of a man. -* **a hundred** - "100" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **El-Elohe-Israel** - Elohe-Israel** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name El-Elohe-Israel means 'God, the God of Israel.'" +"After Jacob left Paddan Aram" + +# When Jacob ... he arrived ... He camped + +This only mentions Jacob because he is the leader of the family. It is implied that his family was with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He camped near + +"He set up his camp near" + +# piece of ground + +"piece of land" + +# Hamor + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shechem's father + +Shechem is the name of a city and the name of a man. + +# a hundred + +"100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# El Elohe Israel + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name El Elohe Israel means 'God, the God of Israel.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/intro.md b/gen/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..730bde8214 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 33 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jacob's fear ##### +Jacob feared his brother. He showed Esau great respect and sought to protect his family from Esau's power. He did not fear and trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Favoritism ##### +Jacob showed favoritism towards Rachel and Joseph. He arranged the family according to those he loved the most. Rachel and Joseph were the most protected from a potential attack by Esau. He would have rather had everyone else die, in order to spare their lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/01.md b/gen/34/01.md index 44659f5535..f3c8b8f170 100644 --- a/gen/34/01.md +++ b/gen/34/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:hamor]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +Here this word is used to mark a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Dinah -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. -* **Dinah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:30:19]]. -* **the Hivite** - See how you translated the similar word "Hivites" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:10:15]]. -* **forced himself on her** - "had sexual relations with her" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **He was drawn to Dinah** - "He wanted to be with Dinah" or "He was very attracted to her" (UDB) +This is the name of Leah's daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Hivite + +This is the name of a people group. See how you translated the similar word "Hivites" in [Genesis 10:17](../10/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the prince of the land + +This is referring to Hamor not Shechem. Also, "prince" here does not mean son of a king. It means Hamor was the leader of the people in that area. + +# assaulted her, and slept with her + +Shechem raped Dinah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# He was drawn to Dinah + +"He was very attracted to her." This speaks about Shechem loving Dinah and wanting to be with her as if something were forcing him to come to Dinah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He wanted very much to be with Dinah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# spoke tenderly to her + +This means he spoke affectionately to convince her that he loved her and that he wanted her to love him also. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/04.md b/gen/34/04.md index 0ee3b6a569..444fceb07f 100644 --- a/gen/34/04.md +++ b/gen/34/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Jacob -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:hamor]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +"Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Jacob heard that he -* **Now Jacob ** - "Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob.(See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Jacob heard that he** - The word "he" refers to Shechem. -* **he had defiled ** - AT: "he had seized and slept with" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **held his peace** - "kept silent" +The word "he" refers to Shechem. + +# he had defiled + +This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. + +# held his peace + +This is a way of saying that Jacob did not say or do anything about the matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/06.md b/gen/34/06.md index b4f418369e..e86734de07 100644 --- a/gen/34/06.md +++ b/gen/34/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Hamor ... went out to Jacob -* [[en:tw:hamor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +"Hamor ... went to meet Jacob" -## translationNotes +# The men were offended -* **Hamor…went out to Jacob** - "Hamor…went to meet Jacob" -* **The men were offended** - "The men were outraged" -* **he had disgraced Israel** - Here the word "Israel" refers to every member of Jacob's family. Israel as a people group was disgraced. Alternate translation: "he had humiliated the family of Israel" or "he had brought shame on the people of Israel." -* **forcing himself on Jacob's daughter** - See how you translated similar phrases in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:34:01]] -* **for such a thing should not have been done** - Alternate translation: "for he should not have done such a terrible thing." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"The men were outraged" + +# They were very angry ... should not have been done + +This can be stated as a direct quotation spoken by Jacob's son, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# he had disgraced Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to every member of Jacob's family. Israel as a people group was disgraced. AT: "he had humiliated the family of Israel" or "he had brought shame on the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forcing himself on Jacob's daughter + +"assaulting Jacob's daughter" + +# for such a thing should not have been done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for he should not have done such a terrible thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/08.md b/gen/34/08.md index 5b52e71481..a59dee09e3 100644 --- a/gen/34/08.md +++ b/gen/34/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Hamor spoke with them -* [[en:tw:hamor]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +"Hamor spoke with Jacob and his sons" -## translationNotes +# loves your daughter -* **Hamor spoke with them** - "Hamor spoke with Jacob and his sons." -* **loves your daughter** - Alternate translation: "loves her and wants to marry her" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **give her to him as a wife** - In some cultures, the parents decide whom their children will marry. -* **Intermarry with us** - "Allow marriages among your people and ours"; "to intermarry is to marry a member of a different racial, social, religious, or tribal group" +Here the word "love" refers to romantic love between a man and a woman. AT: "loves her and wants to marry her" + +# give her to him as a wife + +In some cultures, the parents decide whom their children will marry. + +# Intermarry with us + +To intermarry is to marry a member of a different racial, social, religious or tribal group. AT: "Allow marriages between your people and ours" + +# the land will be open to you + +"the land will be available to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/11.md b/gen/34/11.md index b876a97896..41552ec083 100644 --- a/gen/34/11.md +++ b/gen/34/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Shechem said to her father -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +"Shechem said to Dinah's father Jacob" -## translationNotes +# Let me find favor in your eyes, and whatever you tell me I will give -* **Shechem said to her father** - "Shechem said to Dinah's father Jacob" -* **Let me find favor in your eyes** - "Let me find favor before you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **bride price** - In some cultures, it is customary for a man to give money, property, cattle, and other gifts to the bride's family at the time of marriage. -* **The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with deceit** - "But the sons of Jacob lied Shechem and Hamor when they answered them" -* **Shechem had defiled Dinah ** - See how you translated "defiled" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:34:04]]. +The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "If you will approve of me, then I will give you whatever you ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bride price + +In some cultures, it is customary for a man to give money, property, cattle, and other gifts to the bride's family at the time of marriage. + +# The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with deceit + +The abstract noun "deceit" can be stated as the verb "lied." AT: "But the sons of Jacob lied to Shechem and Hamor when they answered them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Shechem had defiled Dinah + +This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated "defiled" in [Genesis 34:5](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/14.md b/gen/34/14.md index 7536d19b9d..2212137550 100644 --- a/gen/34/14.md +++ b/gen/34/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They said to them -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +"Jacob's sons said to Shechem and Hamor" -## translationNotes +# We cannot do this thing, to give our sister -* **They said to them** - "Jacob's sons said to Shechem and Hamor" -* **We cannot do this thing, to give our sister** - "We cannot agree to give Dinah in marriage" -* **for that would be a disgrace to us** - "for that would cause us shame" +"We cannot agree to give Dinah in marriage" + +# for that would be a disgrace to us + +"for that would cause us shame." Here "us" refers to Jacob's sons and all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# give our daughters to you ... take your daughters to ourselves + +This means they will allow a person from Jacob's family to marry a person who lives in Hamor's land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/18.md b/gen/34/18.md index a62af42c33..042d714236 100644 --- a/gen/34/18.md +++ b/gen/34/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Their words pleased Hamor and his son Shechem -* [[en:tw:hamor]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Hamor and his son Shechem agreed with what Jacob's sons said" -## translationNotes +# to do what they said -* **Their words pleased Hamor and his son Shechem** - "Hamor and his son Shechem agreed with what Jacob's sons said" -* **to do the thing** - "to become circumcised" -* **Jacob's daughter** - "Jacob's daughter Dinah" -* **and because he was the most honored person in all his father's household** - This can be translated as a new sentence. Also the full meaning can be made explicit: "And Shechem knew all the men in his father's household would agree with him because he was the most honored among them" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"to become circumcised" + +# Jacob's daughter + +"Jacob's daughter Dinah" + +# because he was the most honored person in all his father's household + +This can be translated as a new sentence. It can be made explicit that Shechem knew the other men would agree to be circumcised because they greatly respected him. AT: "Shechem knew all the men in his father's household would agree with him because he was the most honored among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/20.md b/gen/34/20.md index b7a6d1535a..a720f02660 100644 --- a/gen/34/20.md +++ b/gen/34/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the gate of their city -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hamor]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +It was common for leaders to meet at the city gate to make official decisions. -## translationNotes +# These men -* **These men** - "Jacob, his sons, and the people of Israel" -* **peace with us** - "us" includes Hamor, his son and all the people they spoke with at the city gate. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **let them live in the land and trade in it** - "let them live and trade in the land" -* **for, really, the land is large enough for them** - Shechem uses the word "really" to add emphasis to his statement. Alternate translation: "because, certainly, the land is large enough" or "because, indeed, there is plenty of land for them to live here" -* **take their daughters...give them our daughters** - See how you translated similar phrases in [[en:bible:notes:gen:34:08]]. +"Jacob, his sons, and the people of Israel" + +# peace with us + +Here "us" includes Hamor, his son and all the people they spoke with at the city gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# let them live in the land and trade in it + +"let them live and trade in the land" + +# for, really, the land is large enough for them + +Shechem uses the word "really" to add emphasis to his statement. "because, certainly, the land is large enough for them" or "because, indeed, there is plenty of land for them" + +# take their daughters ... give them our daughters + +This refers to marriages between the women of one group and the men of the other group. See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 34:9](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/22.md b/gen/34/22.md index 2a447ed03b..1572e32767 100644 --- a/gen/34/22.md +++ b/gen/34/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Hamor and Shechem his son continue to talk to the city elders. -## translationNotes +# Only on this condition will the men agree to live with us and become one people: If every male among us is circumcised, as they are circumcised -* Hamor and Shechem his son continue to talk to the city elders. -* **Only on this condition...as they are circumcised** - "Only if every man among us is circumcised, as the men of Israel are circumcised, will they agree to live among us and unite with us as one people" -* **Will not their livestock and their property - all their animals be ours?** - all their animals be ours?** - Shechem uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "All of their animals and property will be ours!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Only if every man among us is circumcised, as the men of Israel are circumcised, will they agree to live among us and unite with us as one people" + +# Will not their livestock and their property—all their animals be ours? + +Shechem uses a question to emphasize that Jacob's livestock and property will belong to the people of Shechem. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "All of their animals and property will be ours." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/24.md b/gen/34/24.md index 2862d236c2..0b14ffc85d 100644 --- a/gen/34/24.md +++ b/gen/34/24.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Every male was circumcised -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:hamor]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So Hamor and Shechem had someone circumcise all the men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# On the third day -* **Every male was circumcised** - Alternate translation: "So Hamor and Shechem had someone circumcise all the men." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **On the third day** - "After two days" -* **when they were very sore** - "when the men of the city were very sore" -* **each man took his sword** - "took their swords" -* **went to the unsuspecting city** - "entered the city where the people did not think the Israelites would harm them" -* **and killed all the males** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "Simeon and Levi killed all the men of the city." -* **with the edge of the sword** - "with their swords" +"third" is the ordinal number for three. It can be stated without the ordinal number. AT: "After two days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# when they were still in pain + +"when the men of the city were still in pain" + +# each took his sword + +"took their swords" + +# they attacked the city + +Here "city" stands for the people. AT: "they attacked the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# security, and they killed all the males + +This can be translated as a new sentence. "security. Simeon and Levi killed all the men of the city" + +# with the edge of the sword + +Here "edge" stands for the blade of the sword. AT: "with the blade of their swords" or "with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/27.md b/gen/34/27.md index e3eecf6a93..29575d4e4b 100644 --- a/gen/34/27.md +++ b/gen/34/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the dead bodies -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"the dead bodies of Hamor, Shechem, and their men" -## translationNotes +# looted the city -* **the dead bodies** - "the dead bodies of Hamor, Shechem, and their people" -* **looted the city** - "stole everything from the city" -* **because the people had defiled their sister"** - Shechem alone had defiled Dinah, but Jacob's sons considered Shechem's entire family responsible for this act. See you your translated "defiled" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:34:04]]. -* **They took their flocks** - "Jacob's sons took the people's flocks" -* **all their wealth** - "all their possessions and money" -* **All their children and their wives, they captured** - "They captured all the children and wives" +"stole everything in the city that was valuable" + +# because the people had defiled their sister + +Shechem alone had defiled Dinah, but Jacob's sons considered Shechem's entire family and everyone in the city responsible for this act. + +# had defiled + +This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated "defiled" in [Genesis 34:5](./04.md). + +# They took their flocks + +"Jacob's sons took the people's flocks" + +# all their wealth + +"all their possessions and money" + +# All their children and their wives, they captured + +"They captured all their children and wives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/30.md b/gen/34/30.md index 2e26b5070f..e1fa6b7045 100644 --- a/gen/34/30.md +++ b/gen/34/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# brought trouble on me -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +Causing someone to experience trouble is spoken of as if trouble were an object that is brought and placed on a person. AT: "caused great problems for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to make me stink to the inhabitants of the land -* **brought trouble on me** - "caused great difficulties for me" or "brought ruin on me" -* **to make me stink to the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites and the Perizzites** - This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "You have made me repulsive to the Canaanites and the Perizzites." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I am few in number** - Here the word "I" refers to all of Jacob's household. Jacob only says "I" since he is the leader. Alternate translation: "My household is small" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **gather themselves against me** - "form an army" -* **then I shall be destroyed** - Alternate translation: "they will destroy me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Should Shechem have dealt with our sister as with a prostitute?** - Simeon and Levi use a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "Shechem should not have treated our sister as if she were a prostitute!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Causing the people in the surrounding areas to hate Jacob is spoken of as if Jacob's sons made him smell bad physically. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You have made me repulsive to the people who live in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am few in number ... against me and attack me, then I will be destroyed, I and my household + +Here the words "I" and "me" refer to all of Jacob's household. Jacob only says "I" or "me" since he is the leader. AT: "My household is small ... against us and attack us, then they will destroy all of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# gather themselves together against me and attack me + +"form an army and attack me" or "form an army and attack us" + +# then I will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will destroy me" or "they will destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Should Shechem have dealt with our sister as with a prostitute? + +Simeon and Levi use a question to emphasize that Shechem did what was wrong and deserved to die. AT: "Shechem should not have treated our sister as if she were a prostitute!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/intro.md b/gen/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec3d743331 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 34 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +Jacob's name was changed to Israel. It is his descendants who inherited the promised blessings given to him and to Isaac and Abraham. This is the first time his descendants are collectively referred to as the people group Israel. The people group Israel is identified through the covenant of circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit information ##### +Jacob's reacted to the rape of Dinah with indifference. This is possibly because she was not a daughter of Rachel. His reaction was both unwise and improper. This action brought shame on the whole family. Therefore, Jacob's sons corrected this wrong and plotted against Hamor and Shechem. + +Shechem raped Dinah, but then he said he loved her. By raping her, he ensured that no one else would want to marry her. This is not love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/01.md b/gen/35/01.md index 6a9ccd89cf..4fd40773cd 100644 --- a/gen/35/01.md +++ b/gen/35/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# go up to Bethel -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +The phrase "go up" is used because Bethel is higher in elevation than Shechem. -## translationNotes +# Build an altar there to God -* **Put away the foreign gods that are among you** - "throw away your idols" or "get rid of your false gods" -* **purify yourselves, and change your clothes** - This was the custom of cleansing oneself morally and physically before going to worship God. -* **in the day of my distress** - "when I was in a difficult situation" or "when I was in trouble" +God speaks about himself in the third person. AT: "Build an altar there to me, your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# said to his household + +"said to his family" + +# Put away the foreign gods that are among you + +"Throw away your idols" or "Get rid of your false gods" + +# purify yourselves, and change your clothes + +This was the custom of cleansing oneself morally and physically before going to worship God. + +# change your clothes + +Putting on a new clothes was a sign that they had made themselves clean before approaching God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in the day of my distress + +"in the time of my distress" or "when I was in trouble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/04.md b/gen/35/04.md index 92a845c4e6..a3123ded74 100644 --- a/gen/35/04.md +++ b/gen/35/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So they gave -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +"so everyone in Jacob's household gave" or "so all of his family and servants gave" -## translationNotes +# that were in their hand -* **So they gave** - "So everyone in Jacob's household" or "So all of his family and servants gave" -* **that were in their hand** - "that were in their possession" or "that they had" -* **the rings that were in their ears** - "their earrings." (UDB) Possible meanings are 1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or 2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin. -* **God made panic to fall on the cities** - The people were afraid of Jacob, but God was the one who caused the people to fear Jacob. -* **the sons of Jacob** - It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob's family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob's daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in [[en:bible:notes:gen:34:30]]. Alternate translation: "Jacob's family" or "Jacob's household." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here "in their hand" stands for what they own. AT: "that were in their possession" or "that they had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the rings that were in their ears + +"their earrings." Possible meanings are 1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or 2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin. + +# God made panic to fall on the cities + +God causing the people of the cities to be afraid of Jacob and his family is spoken of as if panic were an object that fell on the cities. The abstract noun "panic" can be stated as "afraid." AT: "God made the people in the surrounding cities afraid of Jacob and those with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# on the cities + +Here "cities" stands for the people who live in the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sons of Jacob + +It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob's family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob's daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in [Genesis 34:30](../34/30.md). AT: "Jacob's family" or "Jacob's household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/06.md b/gen/35/06.md index 2779530898..41ad7ab01b 100644 --- a/gen/35/06.md +++ b/gen/35/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Luz -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:19](../28/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# El Bethel -* **El Bethel** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name El Bethel means 'God of Bethel.'" -* **Deborah** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Rebekah’s nurse** - A nurse is a woman who takes care of another woman's child. The nurse was highly honored and important to the family. -* **Allonbacuth** - Translators may add a footnote that says:"The name Allonbacuth means 'Oak tree where there is weeping.'" +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name El Bethel means 'God of Bethel.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# there God had revealed himself to him + +"there God made himself known to Jacob" + +# Deborah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rebekah's nurse + +A nurse is a woman who takes care of another woman's child. The nurse was highly honored and important to the family. + +# She was buried down from Bethel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They buried her down from Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# down from Bethel + +The phrase "down from" is used because they buried her in a place that was lower in elevation than Bethel. + +# Allon Bakuth + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Allon Bakuth means 'Oak tree where there is weeping.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/09.md b/gen/35/09.md index 7a70ad1d03..36ee6a4775 100644 --- a/gen/35/09.md +++ b/gen/35/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When Jacob came from Paddan Aram -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:paddanaram]] +It can be made explicit that they were in Bethel. AT: "After Jacob left Paddan Aram, and while he was in Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# blessed -* **came from Paddanaram** - See Genesis [[en:bible:notes:gen:25:19]] for how you translated "paddanaram". -* **but your name will no longer be called Jacob** - "but your name shall no longer be Jacob" +Here "bless" means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person. + +# but your name will no longer be called Jacob + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but your name will no longer be Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/11.md b/gen/35/11.md index 0a00fb1c4f..8000c0b5ed 100644 --- a/gen/35/11.md +++ b/gen/35/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# God said to him -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +"God said to Jacob" -## translationNotes +# Be fruitful and multiply -* **God said to him** - "God said to Jacob" -* **Be fruitful and multiply** - See how you translated these commands in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:01:28]]. -* **A nation and a company of nations** - "Many nations" +God told Jacob to produce children so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how he was to be "fruitful." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# A nation and a company of nations will come from you + +Here "nation" and "nations" refer to Jacob's descendants who will establish these nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God went up from him + +Here "went up" is used because where God dwells is typically thought of as being up or above the world. AT: "God left him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/14.md b/gen/35/14.md index 697e989ffa..3e3656ad0c 100644 --- a/gen/35/14.md +++ b/gen/35/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# pillar -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +This is a memorial pillar which was simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end. -## translationNotes +# He poured out a drink offering over it and poured oil on it -* **poured oil on it** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:28:18]]. -* **Bethel** - Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Bethel means 'house of God.'” +This is a sign that he is dedicating the pillar to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Bethel + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Bethel means 'house of God.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/16.md b/gen/35/16.md index 90c3076065..546cbea474 100644 --- a/gen/35/16.md +++ b/gen/35/16.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Ephrath -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This is another name for the town of Bethlehem. -## translationNotes +# She had hard labor -* **She had hard labor** - "She was having a very difficult time giving birth to the child" -* **While she was in hardest labor** - "When the labor pain was at its worst" -* **midwife** - a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child -* **As she was dying, with her dying breath** - "Just before she died" -* **Benoni** - Translator may add a footnote that says "The name Benoni means 'son of my sorrow.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Benjamin** - Translator may add a footnote that says "The name Benjamin means 'son of the right hand.'" The phrase "right hand" indicates a place of special favor. -* **and was buried** - Alternate translation: "and they buried her." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it is the marker of Rachel’s grave to this day** - "and it marks Rachel's grave still to this day" +"She was having a very difficult time giving birth to the child" + +# While she was in hardest labor + +"When the labor pain was at its worst" + +# midwife + +a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child + +# As she was dying, with her dying breath + +A "dying breath" is a person's last breath before he or she dies. AT: "Just before she died, as she was taking her last breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ben-Oni + +Translator may add a footnote that says "The name Ben-Oni means 'son of my sorrow.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Benjamin + +Translator may add a footnote that says "The name Benjamin means 'son of the right hand.'" The phrase "right hand" indicates a place of special favor. + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the way + +"alongside the road" + +# It is the marker of Rachel's grave to this day + +"It marks Rachel's grave still to this day" + +# to this day + +"up to the present time." This means to the time that the author was writing this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/21.md b/gen/35/21.md index 21312ef4a8..c7792622eb 100644 --- a/gen/35/21.md +++ b/gen/35/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel traveled on -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +It is implied that Israel's family and servants are with him. The full meaning of this information can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Bilhah -* **Migdal-Eder** - Eder** - This refers to a tower or a tall building that shepherds would build to watch over their flocks. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bilhah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:29:28]]. +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Now Jacob had twelve sons + +This sentence begins a new paragraph, which continues into the following verses. + +# twelve sons + +"12 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/23.md b/gen/35/23.md index 3de229ff94..8ee1b2da73 100644 --- a/gen/35/23.md +++ b/gen/35/23.md @@ -1,22 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Bilhah -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] - -## translationNotes - -* **twelve sons** - "12 sons" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Bilhah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:29:28]]. +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/26.md b/gen/35/26.md index 78fc041959..9a7a3ebd62 100644 --- a/gen/35/26.md +++ b/gen/35/26.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Zilpah -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:paddanaram]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# who were born to him in Paddan Aram -* **Zilpah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:29:23]]. -* **who were born to him in Paddanaram** - It is implied that this does not include Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem. It only mentions Paddanaram since that is where most of them were born. Alternate translation: "who were born to him in Paddanaram, except Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Mamre** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:13:16]]. -* **Kiriatharba** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:01]]. +It is implied that this does not include Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem. It only mentions Paddan Aram since that is where most of them were born. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "who were born to him in Paddan Aram, except Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jacob came to Isaac + +Here "came" can be stated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Mamre + +This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kiriath Arba + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:02](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/28.md b/gen/35/28.md index 39376f7fbf..29f29f7c9c 100644 --- a/gen/35/28.md +++ b/gen/35/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# one hundred eighty years -* [[en:tw:Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +"180 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Isaac breathed his last and died -* **one hundred eighty years** - "180 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Isaac breathed his last and died, and was gathered to his ancestors, an old man full of days** - See how you translated these phrases in [[en:bible:notes:gen:25:07]]. +"Isaac took his last breath and died." The phrases "breathed his last" and "died" mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 25:08](../25/07.md). AT: "Isaac died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# breathed his last + +This is a polite way of saying a person died. See how you translated this in [Genesis 25:8](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was gathered to his ancestors + +This means that after Isaac died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he joined his family members who had already died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an old man full of days + +The phrases "old man" and "full of days" mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Isaac lived a very long time. AT: "after he had lived a very long time and was very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/intro.md b/gen/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd45f5e22b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Genesis 35 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Name change ##### + +In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person's life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people. + +##### Covenant ##### +The covenant God made with Abraham is repeated here. It indicates that all of Jacob's descendants will inherit the promises of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/01.md b/gen/36/01.md index 0e2ad4412a..35bb75a869 100644 --- a/gen/36/01.md +++ b/gen/36/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# These were the descendants of Esau (also called Edom) -* [[en:tw:Ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] +"These are the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom." This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:1-8. AT: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Adah ... Oholibamah -* **These were the descendants of Esau (also called Edom)** - "These are the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom." This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:1-8. Alternate translation: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom." -* **Adah...Oholibamah** - These are names of Esau's wives. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Elon the Hittite** - See how you translate this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:26:34]]. -* **Anah ... Zibeon ... Nebaioth** - These are names of men. -* **Hivite** - This refers to a larger group of people. See how you translated it in [[en:bible:notes:gen:10:15]]. -* **Basemath** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:26:34]]. -* **Nebaioth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:28:08]]. +These are names of Esau's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elon the Hittite + +"Elon the descendant of Heth" or "Elon a descendant of Heth." This is the name of a man. See how you translate this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anah ... Zibeon ... Nebaioth + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hivite + +This refers to a larger group of people. See how you translated it in [Genesis 10:17](../10/15.md). + +# Basemath + +This is the name of one of Esau's wives. See how you translated this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nebaioth + +This is the name of one of Ishmael's sons. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:9](../28/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/04.md b/gen/36/04.md index bf02e911e4..c701a3298a 100644 --- a/gen/36/04.md +++ b/gen/36/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Adah ... Basemath ... Oholibamah -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] +These are names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Eliphaz ... Reuel ... Jeush ... Jalam ... Korah -* **Adah ... Basemath ... Oholibamah** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:01]]. -* **Eliphaz ... Reuel ... Jeush ... Jalam ...Korah** - These are names of Esau's sons. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of Esau's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/06.md b/gen/36/06.md index 83176fffcb..cab7e9f8e1 100644 --- a/gen/36/06.md +++ b/gen/36/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# which he had gathered in the land of Canaan -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +This refers to all of the things that he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan. AT: "which he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# went into a land -* **their possessions** - "Esau's and Jacob's possessions" -* **could not support them because of their livestock** - "was not big enough for both Esau's flocks and Jacob's flocks." +This means to moved to another place and live there. AT: "went to live in another land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# their possessions + +"Esau's and Jacob's possessions" + +# could not support them because of their livestock + +The land was not large enough to support all of the livestock that Jacob and Esau owned. AT: "was not big enough to support all of their livestock" or "was not big enough for both Esau's flocks and Jacob's flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where they had settled + +The word "settled" means to move somewhere and live there. AT: "where they had moved to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/09.md b/gen/36/09.md index 2f470ba1eb..8896abbc55 100644 --- a/gen/36/09.md +++ b/gen/36/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# These were the descendants of Esau -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:father]] +This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:9-43. AT: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# in the hill country of Seir -* **Following were the descendants of Esau** - This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:9-43. Alternate translation: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau." -* **Eliphaz...Reuel** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:04]]. -* **Adah...Basemath** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:01]]. -* **Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz...Amalek** - These are names of the sons of Eliphaz. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Timna** - This is the name of Eliphaz's concubine. +This means that they lived in the hill country of Seir. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. AT: "who lived in the hill country of Seir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Eliphaz ... Reuel + +These are names of Esau's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adah ... Basemath + +These are names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:2-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz ... Amalek + +These are names of the sons of Eliphaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Timna + +This is the name of Eliphaz's concubine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/13.md b/gen/36/13.md index cbb8f4aa28..63ed1b6e3b 100644 --- a/gen/36/13.md +++ b/gen/36/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Reuel ... Jeush, Jalam, and Korah -* [[en:tw:esau]] +These are names of Esau's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4-5](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Nahath ... Zerah ... Shammah ... Mizzah -* **Reuel ... Jeush, Jalam, and Korah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:04]]. -* **Nahath ... Zerah ... Shammah ... Mizzah ... Zibeon** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Basemath ... Oholibamah ... Anah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:01]]. +These are names of Reuel's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anah ... Zibeon + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Basemath ... Oholibamah + +These are names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/15.md b/gen/36/15.md index 8d7a6cdc07..670b31f036 100644 --- a/gen/36/15.md +++ b/gen/36/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliphaz -* [[en:tw:Esau]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] +This is the name of one of Esau's sons. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, Korah, Gatam, and Amalek -* **Eliphaz...Adah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:04]] -* **Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, Korah, Gatam, and Amalek** - These are names of clans. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of Eliphaz's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adah + +This is the name of one of Esau's wives. See how you translated her name in [Genesis 36:2-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/17.md b/gen/36/17.md index 63468e971d..810d26b56a 100644 --- a/gen/36/17.md +++ b/gen/36/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Reuel ... Jeush, Jalam, Korah -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] +These are the names of Esau's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4-5](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, Mizzah -* **Reuel...Jeush, Jalam, Korah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:04]]. -* **Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, Mizzah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:13]]. -* **Basemath...Oholibamah...Anah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:01]]. +These are the names of Reuel's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the land of Edom + +This means that they lived in the land of Edom. AT: "who lived in the land of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Basemath ... Oholibamah + +These are the names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:2-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anah + +This the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/20.md b/gen/36/20.md index ca1a1bcacf..a883163b53 100644 --- a/gen/36/20.md +++ b/gen/36/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Seir -* [[en:tw:edom]] +The word "Seir" is the name of a man and of a country. -## translationNotes +# the Horite -* **Seir** - The word "Seir" is the name of a man and of a country. -* **the Horite** - The word "Horite" refers to a people group. See how you translated it in [[en:bible:notes:gen:14:03]]. -* **the inhabitants of the land** - "who lived in the land of Seir, which is also called Edom" -* **Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, Dishan, Hori and Heman** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Timna** - This is the name of a woman. +The word "Horite" refers to a people group. See how you translated it in [Genesis 14:6](../14/03.md). + +# the inhabitants of the land + +"who lived in the land of Seir, which is also called Edom" + +# Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan ... Hori and Heman + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Timna + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/23.md b/gen/36/23.md index c3342e0bb1..b1de92a3af 100644 --- a/gen/36/23.md +++ b/gen/36/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Shobal ... Zibeon -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] +These are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:20](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam ... Aiah and Anah -* **Shobal…Zibeon** - See how you translated these name in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:36:20]]. -* **Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, Onam…Aiah, and Anah** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **donkeys** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:12:14]]. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/25.md b/gen/36/25.md index 8f5f45d161..f0b5f44360 100644 --- a/gen/36/25.md +++ b/gen/36/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Anah ... Dishon ... Ezer ... Dishan +These are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:20-21](./20.md). -## translationNotes +# Oholibamah -* **Anah...Dishon...Ezer...Dishan** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:20]]. In 36:25 "Dishon" refers to the son of Anah. In 36:26 "Dishon" refers to the son of Seir. -* **Oholibamah** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran...Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan...Uz, and Aran** - These are names of men. +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Keran ... Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan ... Uz and Aran + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/29.md b/gen/36/29.md index ab88f9b57d..b090620cc8 100644 --- a/gen/36/29.md +++ b/gen/36/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the Horites -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] +This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Genesis 14:6](../14/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, and Anah, Dishon, Ezer, Dishan -* **the Horites** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:14:03]]. -* **Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, and Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:20]]. +These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:20-21](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the land of Seir + +This means that they lived in the land of Seir. AT: "of those who lived in the land of Seir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/31.md b/gen/36/31.md index b987695456..56388c5531 100644 --- a/gen/36/31.md +++ b/gen/36/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Bela ... Beor ... Jobab ... Zerah -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the name of his city -* **Bela...Beor...Jobab...Zerah** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Dinhabab...Bozrah** - These are names of places. +This means that this was the city where he lived. AT: "the name of the city where he lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Dinhabah ... Bozrah + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/34.md b/gen/36/34.md index 956e62e01f..b67e8fe97b 100644 --- a/gen/36/34.md +++ b/gen/36/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Jobab -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:33](./31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Husham ... Hadad ... Bedad ... Samlah -* **Jobab** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:31]]. -* **Husham...Hadad...Bedad...Samlah** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Avith...Masrekah** - These are names of places. -* **Temanites** - "the descendants of Teman" +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Husham who was of the land of the Temanites + +This means that Husham lived in the land of the Temanites. AT: "Husham who lived in the land of the Temanites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Avith ... Masrekah + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Temanites + +"the descendants of Teman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The name of his city + +This means that this was the city where he lived. AT: "The name of the city where he lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Samlah of Masrekah + +"Samlah from Masrekah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/37.md b/gen/36/37.md index 30fae76861..50e87a6591 100644 --- a/gen/36/37.md +++ b/gen/36/37.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Samlah -* [[en:tw:reign]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:36](./34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# then Shaul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his place -* **Samlah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:36:34]]. -* **Shaul...Baal-Hanan...Achbor...Hadar...Matred...Me-Zahab** - Hanan...Achbor...Hadar...Matred...Me-Zahab** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Rehoboth...Pau** - These are names of places. -* **by the River** - This refers to the Euphrates river. -* **Mehetabel** - This is the name of a woman. +Shaul lived in Rehoboth. Rehoboth was by the Euphrates river. This information may be stated clearly. AT: "then Shaul reigned in his place. He was from Rehoboth which is by the Euphrates River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Shaul ... Baal-Hanan ... Akbor ... Hadar ... Matred ... Me Zahab + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rehoboth ... Pau + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The name of his city + +This means that this was the city where he lived. AT: "The name of the city where he lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the daughter of Matred, the granddaughter of Me Zahab + +"she was the daughter of Matred, and the granddaughter of Me Zahab" + +# Mehetabel + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/40.md b/gen/36/40.md index 08cd57006a..0212571ab6 100644 --- a/gen/36/40.md +++ b/gen/36/40.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the heads of clans -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:father]] +"the leaders of the clans" -## translationNotes +# according to their clans and their regions, by their names -* **Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, Oholibamah, Elah, Pinon, Kenaz, Teman, Mibzar, Magdiel, and Iram** - These are names of people groups. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The clans and the regions were named after the heads of the clans. See the UDB for a clearer translation. AT: "the name of their clans and the regions where they lived were named after them. These are their names:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, Oholibamah, Elah, Pinon, Kenaz, Teman, Mibzar, Magdiel, and Iram + +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# settlements + +"dwelling places" or "the places they lived" + +# This was Esau + +This list is said "to be" Esau, which means that it is the whole list of his descendants. AT: "This is the list of the descendants of Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/intro.md b/gen/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..efaaeecd99 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Genesis 36 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Esau's descendants ##### +Esau's descendants became known as the Edomite people group. They also become a great nation. This nation is prominent in the rest of the Old Testament. God graciously blessed Esau and he had many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/01.md b/gen/37/01.md index 0beed797c7..a1ff54359a 100644 --- a/gen/37/01.md +++ b/gen/37/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the land where his father was staying, in the land of Canaan -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +"in the land of Canaan where his father had lived" -## translationNotes +# These were the events concerning Jacob -* **the land where his father was staying, in the land of Canaan** - "in the land of Canaan where his father had lived" -* **This is the events concerning of Jacob** - This sentence introduces the account of Jacob's children in Genesis 37:1-50:26. Alternate translation: "This is the account of Jacob's family" -* **seventeen years old** - "17 years old" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Bilhah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:29:28]]. -* **Zilpah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:29:23]]. -* **wives** - "concubines" (UDB) -* **an unfavorable report about them** - "a bad report about his brothers" +This sentence introduces the account of Jacob's children in Genesis 37:1-50:26. Here "Jacob" refers to his whole family. AT: "This is the account of Jacob's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# seventeen years old + +"17 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Bilhah + +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zilpah + +This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# wives + +"concubines." These women were servants of Leah and Rachel given to Jacob to produce children. + +# an unfavorable report about them + +"a bad report about his brothers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/03.md b/gen/37/03.md index 12be85b9ea..1592256358 100644 --- a/gen/37/03.md +++ b/gen/37/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel and Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# loved -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel and Joseph. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **he was the son of his old age** - "Joseph was born when Israel was old" -* **His brothers saw that their father loved him** - "Joseph's brothers saw that their father loved Joseph" -* **would not speak cordially to him** - "could not speak in a kind manner to him" +This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. + +# of his old age + +This means that Joseph was born when Israel was an old man. AT: "who was born when Israel was an old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He made him + +"Israel made Joseph" + +# a beautiful garment + +"a beautiful robe" + +# would not speak kindly to him + +"could not speak in a courteous manner to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/05.md b/gen/37/05.md index 4ee72d3343..c60b57a4c8 100644 --- a/gen/37/05.md +++ b/gen/37/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told his brothers about it. They hated him even more -* [[en:tw:dream]] +This is a summary of the events that will happen in 37:6-11. -## translationNotes +# They hated him even more -* **Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told his brothers about it. They hated him even more** - This is a summary of the events that will happen in 37:6-11. -* **They hated him even more** - "And Joseph's brothers hated him even more than they hated him before" -* **Please listen to this dream which I dreamed** - "Please listen to this dream that I had" +"And Joseph's brothers hated him even more than they hated him before" + +# Please listen to this dream which I dreamed + +"Please listen to this dream that I had" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/07.md b/gen/37/07.md index 0b0f864e29..c53df06a5c 100644 --- a/gen/37/07.md +++ b/gen/37/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Joseph tells his brothers about his dream. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* Joseph tells his brothers about his dream. -* **Behold, we were** - Here, the word "behold" can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” The word "we" refers to Joseph and includes all of his brothers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **tying bundles of grain** - When grain is reaped it is tied into bundles and stacked until it is time to separate the grain from the straw. Alternate translation: "tying bundles of wheat." -* **and behold, my bundle rose and stood upright, and behold, your bundles came around and bowed down to my bundle.** - The word “behold” here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw in his dream. Alternate translation: "then suddenly, my bundle stood up and your bundles gathered around and bowed down to my bundle." -* **Will you really reign over us? Will you actually rule over us?** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Joseph's brothers are using questions to mock Joseph. Alternate translation: "You will never be our king, and we will never bow down to you!" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **reign over us** - The word "us" refers to Joseph's brothers but not Joseph. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **for his dreams and for his words** - "because of his dreams and what he said" +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# we were + +The word "we" refers to Joseph and includes all of his brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# tying bundles of grain + +When grain is reaped it is tied into bundles and stacked until it is time to separate the grain from the straw. + +# behold + +Here the word "behold" here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw. + +# my bundle rose and stood upright ... your bundles came around and bowed down + +Here the bundles of grain are standing and kneeling as if they were people. These bundle represent Joseph and his brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Will you really reign over us? Will you actually rule over us? + +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Joseph's brothers are using questions to mock Joseph. They can be written as statements. AT: "You will never be our king, and we will never bow down to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# reign over us + +The word "us" refers to Joseph's brothers but not Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# for his dreams and for his words + +"because of his dreams and what he said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/09.md b/gen/37/09.md index 024fcb6463..804c848e12 100644 --- a/gen/37/09.md +++ b/gen/37/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He dreamed another dream -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +"Joseph had another dream" -## translationNotes +# eleven stars -* **He dreamed another dream** - "Joseph had another dream" -* **eleven stars** - "11 stars" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **His father rebuked him. He said to him** - "Israel scolded him, saying" -* **What is this dream that you have dreamed? Will your mother and I and your brothers actually come to bow down to the ground to you?** - Israel uses questions to correct Joseph. Alternate translation: "This dream you had is not real. Your mother, brothers, and I will not bow down before you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"11 stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# his father rebuked him. He said to him + +"Israel scolded him, saying" + +# What is this dream that you have dreamed? Will your mother ... to the ground to you? + +Israel uses questions to correct Joseph. This can be written as statements. AT: "This dream you had is not real. Your mother, brothers, and I will not bow down before you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# jealous + +This means being angry because someone else is successful or more popular. + +# kept the matter in mind + +The means that he kept thinking about the meaning of Joseph's dream. AT: "kept thinking about what the dream might mean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/12.md b/gen/37/12.md index d9e12d853b..65e40fa072 100644 --- a/gen/37/12.md +++ b/gen/37/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Are not your brothers tending the flock in Shechem? -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:hebron|Hebron]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:shechem|Shechem]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Israel uses a question to begin a conversation. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You brothers are tending the flock in Shechem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Come -* **Are not your brothers tending the flock in Shechem?** - Jacob uses a question to introduce a new topic. Alternate translation: "You brothers are tending the flock in Shechem." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I am ready** - "I am ready to go" -* **bring me word** - "come tell me what you find out" or "bring me a report" +Here it is implied that Israel is asking Joseph to prepare himself to leave and go see his brothers. AT: "Get ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am ready + +He is ready to leave. "I am ready to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He said to him + +"Israel said to Joseph" + +# bring me word + +Israel wants Joseph to come back and tell him about how his brother and flocks are doing. AT: "come tell me what you find out" or "give me a report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# out of the Valley + +"from the Valley" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/15.md b/gen/37/15.md index 4e91801290..82bbbaa7a8 100644 --- a/gen/37/15.md +++ b/gen/37/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A certain man found Joseph. Behold, Joseph was wandering in a field -* [[en:tw:flock]] +"A certain man found Joseph wandering in a field" -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **A certain man found Joseph. Behold, Joseph was wandering in a field** - "A certain man found Joseph, and there he was wandering in a field" or "A man found Joseph wandering in a field" -* **Behold** - This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **What do you seek?** - "What are you looking for?" -* **Tell me, please, where** - "Please tell me where" -* **tending the flock ** - "shepherding the flock" -* **Dothan** - This is the name of a place that is about 22 kilometers from Shechem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# What do you seek? + +"What are you looking for?" + +# Tell me, please, where + +"Please tell me where" + +# tending the flock + +"shepherding their flock" + +# Dothan + +This is the name of a place that is about 22 kilometers from Shechem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/18.md b/gen/37/18.md index 44ecd08233..01035a9011 100644 --- a/gen/37/18.md +++ b/gen/37/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They saw him from a distance -* [[en:tw:dream]] +"Joseph's brothers saw him while he was far away" -## translationNotes +# they plotted against him to kill him -* **They saw him from a distance** - "Joseph's brothers saw him while he was far away" -* **they plotted against him to kill him** - "they made a plan to kill him" -* **this dreamer is approaching** - "here comes the one who has the dreams" -* **Come now, therefore, ** - "So now" -* **wild animal** - "dangerous animal" or "ferocious animal" -* **has devoured him** - "has eaten him" -* **We will see what will become of his dreams** - Alternate translation: "That way we will make sure his dreams do not come true." +"they made plans to kill him" + +# this dreamer is approaching + +"here comes the one who has the dreams" + +# Come now, therefore + +This wording shows that the brothers acted upon their plans. AT: "So now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# wild animal + +"dangerous animal" or "ferocious animal" + +# devoured + +to eagerly have eaten + +# We will see what will become of his dreams + +His brothers planned to kill him, therefore it is ironic that they would speak of his dream coming true, since he would be dead. AT: "That way we will make sure his dreams do not come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/21.md b/gen/37/21.md index ea6fadc715..c65b4309aa 100644 --- a/gen/37/21.md +++ b/gen/37/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# heard it -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +"heard what they were saying" -## translationNotes +# from their hand -* **heard it** - "heard their plans" -* **and rescued him from their hand** - "and tried to rescue Joseph from their control" or "and tried to rescue Joseph from them" -* **Let us not take his life** - "Let us not kill Joseph" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **Shed no blood** - "Do not spill any blood" or "Do not kill him" -* **but lay no hand upon him** - "but do not harm him" -* **that he might rescue him** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "Rueben said this so that he might rescue Joseph" -* **out of their hand** - "from his brother's control" or "from them" -* **to bring him back** - "so that Reuben might return Joseph" +The phrase "their hand" refers to the brothers' plan to kill him. AT: "from them" or "from their plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let us not take his life + +The phrase "take his life" is a euphemism for killing someone. AT: "Let us not kill Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Shed no blood + +The negation can be placed on the verb. Also, "shedding blood" is a euphemism for killing someone. AT: "Do not spill any blood" or "Do not kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# lay no hand upon him + +This means not to harm or injure him. AT: "do not harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that he might rescue him + +This can be translated as a new sentence: "Rueben said this so that he might rescue Joseph" + +# out of their hand + +The phrase "their hand" refers to the brothers' plan to kill him. AT: "from them" or "from their plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to bring him back + +"and return him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/23.md b/gen/37/23.md index 403497fd38..ca410b1424 100644 --- a/gen/37/23.md +++ b/gen/37/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that when -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# they stripped him of his beautiful garment -* **It came about that when** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. Alternate translation: "When." -* **they stripped him of his beautiful garment** - "they stripped off his beautiful garment" or "they tore his beautiful garment from him" -* **beautiful garment** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:37:03]]. +"they tore his beautiful garment off of him" + +# beautiful garment + +"beautiful robe." See how you translated this in [Genesis 37:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/25.md b/gen/37/25.md index d7e6a1363c..0cf2405292 100644 --- a/gen/37/25.md +++ b/gen/37/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# They sat down to eat bread -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] +"Bread" represents food in general. AT: "They sat down to eat food" or "Joseph's brothers sat down to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# They lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a caravan -* **They sat down to eat bread** - "Joseph's brothers sat down to eat" -* **They lifted up their eyes and looked, and behold, a caravan** - The word "behold" marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: "They looked up and they saw that a caravan." -* **their camels bearing** - "their camels carrying" -* **spices** - a substance used in cooking to add flavor to food. Alternate translation: "seasonings." -* **balm** - an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. Alternate translation: "medicine." -* **traveling to carry them down to Egypt** - "bringing them down to Egypt." This can be made more explicit: "bringing them down to Egypt to sell them." ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **What profit is it if we kill our brother and cover up his blood?** - Judah uses this question to emphasize they could make money if they sell Joseph. Alternate translation: "We would gain nothing by killing our brother and lying about it" or "Instead of killing our brother and lying about it, I have a better idea." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). +Here looking up is spoken of as if a person literally lifted up his eyes. Also, the word "behold" is used here to draw the reader's attention to what the men saw. AT: "They looked up and they suddenly saw a caravan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bearing + +"carrying" + +# spices + +"seasonings" + +# balm + +an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. "medicine" + +# traveling to carry them down to Egypt + +"bringing them down to Egypt." This can be made more explicit. AT: "bringing them down to Egypt to sell them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What profit is it if we kill our brother and cover up his blood? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "We do not gain a profit by killing our brother and covering up his blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cover up his blood + +This is a figure of speech referring to hiding Joseph's death. AT: "hide his murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/27.md b/gen/37/27.md index 9666e039fc..52eccc433f 100644 --- a/gen/37/27.md +++ b/gen/37/27.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# to the Ishmaelites -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"to these men who are descendants of Ishmael" -## translationNotes +# not lay our hands upon him -* **lay our hands on him** - "hurt him" -* **he is our brother, our flesh** - These phrases mean basically the same thing. Judah emphasizes the family relationship between Joseph and the other brothers. AT: "he is our blood relative" or "he is our very own brother" (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]). -* **His brothers listened to him** - "Judah's brothers listened to him" or "Judah's brothers agreed with him" -* **Midianite...Ishmaelites** - Both names refer to the same group of traders that Joseph's brothers meet. -* **for twenty pieces of silver** - "for the price of twenty pieces of silver" -* **carried Joseph into ** - "brought Joseph to" +This means not to harm or injure him. AT: "not hurt him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he is our brother, our flesh + +The word "flesh" is a metonym that stands for a relative. AT: "he is our blood relative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His brothers listened to him + +"Judah's brothers listened to him" or "Judah's brothers agreed with him" + +# Midianite ... Ishmaelites + +Both names refer to the same group of traders that Joseph's brothers meet. + +# for twenty pieces of silver + +"for the price of 20 pieces of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# carried Joseph into Egypt + +"took Joseph to Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/29.md b/gen/37/29.md index f66126f747..3dec80e122 100644 --- a/gen/37/29.md +++ b/gen/37/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Reuben returned to the pit, and, behold, Joseph was not in the pit -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +"Reuben returned to the pit, and was surprised to see that Joseph was not there." The word "behold" here shows that Reuben was surprised to find out Joseph was gone. -## translationNotes +# He tore his clothes -* **Reuben returned to the pit, and, behold, Joseph was not in the pit** - The word “behold” here shows that Reuben was surprised to find out Joseph was gone. Alternate translation: "Reuben returned to the pit, and was surprised to see that Joseph was not there." -* **He tore his clothes** - This is an act of deep distress or grief. -* **Where is the boy? And I, where will I go?** - Reuben uses questions for emphasis. Alternate translation: "The boy is gone! I cannot go back home now!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. AT: "He was so grieved that he tore his clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The boy is not there! And I, where can I go? + +Reuben uses questions for emphasis the problem that Joseph was missing. These can be written as statements. AT: "The boy is gone! I cannot go back home now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/31.md b/gen/37/31.md index 6a184535bf..0a37843c4f 100644 --- a/gen/37/31.md +++ b/gen/37/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Joseph's garment -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +This refers to the beautiful garment that his father made for him. -## translationNotes +# the blood -* **Joseph’s garment** - See how you translated the similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:37:03]]. -* **has devoured him ** - "has eaten him" -* **Joseph has certainly been torn to pieces** - Alternate translation: "A wild animal has certainly torn Joseph to pieces." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the goat's blood" + +# they brought it + +"they brought the garment" + +# has devoured him + +"has eaten him" + +# Joseph has certainly been torn to pieces + +Jacob thinks that a wild animal has torn Joseph's body apart. AT: "It has certainly torn Joseph to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/34.md b/gen/37/34.md index 3761946e94..43b5efd44d 100644 --- a/gen/37/34.md +++ b/gen/37/34.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Jacob tore his garments -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:potiphar]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] +This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. AT: "Jacob was so grieved that he tore his garments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# put sackcloth upon his loins -* **Jacob tore his garments** - See how you translated the similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:37:29]]. -* **put sackcloth upon his loins** - Here "loins" refers to the middle part of the body or the waist. Alternate translation: "put on sackcloth." -* **but he refused to be comforted** - Alternate translation: "but he would not let them comfort him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Sheol** - "the grave" -* **The Midianites sold him** - "The Midianites sold Joseph" -* **the captain of the bodyguard** - "the leader of the soldiers who guarded the king" +Here "loins" refers to the middle part of the body or the waist. AT: "put on sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# rose up + +Here the childrens' coming to their father is spoke of as "rising up." AT: "came to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but he refused to be comforted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but he would not let them comfort him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Indeed I will go down to Sheol mourning + +The means that he be mourning from now until when he dies. AT: "Indeed when I die and go down to Sheol I will still be mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The Midianites sold him + +"The Midianites sold Joseph" + +# the captain of the bodyguard + +"the leader of the soldiers who guarded the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/intro.md b/gen/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f88ebf356b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 37 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins to record the account of Jacob's sons. The rest of the book of Genesis focuses on Jacob's sons, especially Joseph. This chapter also references Jacob as "Israel" beginning in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Favoritism ##### +Jacob's favoritism became a great problem for his sons. They are always jealous of Joseph because he is the favorite son. The beautiful garment Jacob gave to Joseph greatly strained the relationship between Joseph and his brothers. Joseph dreams he will rule all of his brothers, even though he is not the oldest son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) + +##### God's power ##### +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/01.md b/gen/38/01.md index 5c608adbc5..574eb892dd 100644 --- a/gen/38/01.md +++ b/gen/38/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about at that time that Judah -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +This introduces a new part of the story that focuses on Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah -* **It came about at that time that Judah** - This introduces a new part of the story that focuses on Judah in 38:1-30. Alternate translation: "Soon after, Judah" or "At that time, Judah" (UDB) -* **a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah** - "a man named Hirah in the town of Adullam" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **whose name was Shua** - "Shua is a canaanite woman who married Judah. +Hirah is the name of a man who lived in Adullam. Adullamite is his nationality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# whose name was Shua + +Shua is a Canaanite woman who married Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/03.md b/gen/38/03.md index 6fac1afd2b..d276a8d2c4 100644 --- a/gen/38/03.md +++ b/gen/38/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# She became pregnant +"Judah's wife became pregnant" -## translationNotes +# He was named Er -* **She became pregnant** - "Judah's wife became pregnant" -* **Er...Onan...Shelah** - These are the names of Judah's sons. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Chezib** - This is the name of a place. -* **that she delivered him** - "that she gave birth to him" +This can be written in active form. AT: "His father named him Er" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Er ... Onan ... Shelah + +These are the names of Judah's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# called his name + +"named him" + +# Kezib + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/06.md b/gen/38/06.md index 94a6f02c9f..ebc7280e9b 100644 --- a/gen/38/06.md +++ b/gen/38/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Er -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:tamar]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# was wicked in the sight of Yahweh -* **Er** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:03]]. -* ** was wicked** - "was evil" -* **Yahweh killed him** - "So Yahweh killed him" +The phrase "in the sight" refers to Yahweh seeing Er's wickedness. AT: "was wicked and Yahweh saw it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh killed him + +Yahweh killed him because he was wicked. This can be made clear. AT: "So Yahweh killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/08.md b/gen/38/08.md index 8afa7befc5..908d5f381d 100644 --- a/gen/38/08.md +++ b/gen/38/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Onan -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Do the duty of a brother-in-law to her -* **Onan** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:03]]. -* **Do the duty of a brother-in-law to her** - in-law to her** - This refers to a custom that when the oldest brother dies before he and his wife have a son, the next oldest brother would marry and have sex with the widow. When the widow gave birth to the first son, that son was considered the son of the oldest brother and he would receive the oldest brother's inheritance. -* **Yahweh killed him also** - "So Yahweh killed him also" +This refers to a custom that when the oldest brother dies before he and his wife have a son, the next oldest brother would marry and have sexual relations with the widow. When the widow gave birth to the first son, that son was considered the son of the oldest brother and he would receive the oldest brother's inheritance. + +# was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The phrase "in the sight" refers to Yahweh seeing Onan's wickedness. AT: "was evil and Yahweh saw it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh killed him also + +Yahweh killed him because what he did was evil. This can be made clear. AT: "So Yahweh killed him also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/11.md b/gen/38/11.md index 2e5c0eac40..4d9bd93983 100644 --- a/gen/38/11.md +++ b/gen/38/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his daughter-in-law -* [[en:tw:tamar]] +"his oldest son's wife" -## translationNotes +# in your father's house -* **his daughter-in-law** - in-law** - "his oldest son's wife" -* **Shelah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:03]]. -* **Lest he also die like his brothers** - "Or else he may die like his brother" +This means her to live in here father's house. AT: "and live in your father's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# until Shelah, my son, grows up + +Judah intends for Tamar to marry Shelah when he grows up. AT: "and when Shelah, my son, grows up, he can marry you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Shelah + +This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# For he feared, "He might also die, just like his brothers + +Judah feared that if Shelah married Tamar he would also die like his brothers did. AT: "For he feared, 'If he marries her he may also die like his brothers did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/12.md b/gen/38/12.md index 662aa3fd54..421a7b4058 100644 --- a/gen/38/12.md +++ b/gen/38/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Shua's -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:Tamar]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Judah was comforted and -* **Shua's** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:01]]. -* **Judah was comforted** - "When Judah was no longer grieving" -* **to his sheepshearers** - "to the person who cut the wool from his sheep" -* **Timnah...Enaim** - These are names of a places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hirah the Adullamite** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:01]]. -* **Tamar was told** - Alternate translation: "Someone told Tamar" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your father-in-law** - in-law** - "your husband's father" -* **of her widowhood** - "that widows wear" -* **veil** - a very thin material used to cover a woman's head and face -* **she had not been given to him as a wife** - Alternate translation: "Judah had not given her to Shelah as a wife" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"When Judah was no longer grieving, he" + +# his sheepshearers at Timnah + +"Timnah, where his men were shearing sheep" + +# Timnah ... Enaim + +These are names of a places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite + +"His friend Hiram, from Adullam, went with him" + +# Hirah the Adullamite + +"Hiram" is the name of a man, and "Adullam" is the name of a village where he lived. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tamar was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Tamar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Look, your father-in-law + +"Listen." Here the word "look" is used to get Tamar attention. + +# your father-in-law + +"your husband's father" + +# of her widowhood + +"that widows wear" + +# veil + +a very thin material used to cover a woman's head and face + +# wrapped herself + +This means that she hid herself with her clothing so that people would not recognize her. Traditionally, part of women's clothing were large pieces of cloth they wrapped themselves with. AT: "wrapped herself in her clothing so that people would not recognize her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by the road + +"along the road" or "on the way" + +# she had not been given to him as a wife + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Judah had not given her to Shelah as a wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/15.md b/gen/38/15.md index fddb1930eb..fdfb12404f 100644 --- a/gen/38/15.md +++ b/gen/38/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# because she had covered her face -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Judah did not think she was a prostitute just because her face was covered but also because she was sitting in the gate. AT: "because she had covered her head and sat where prostitutes often sat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# He went to her by the road -* **When Judah saw her** - "When Judah saw Tamar" -* **his daughter-in-law** - in-law** - "his son's wife" -* **let me make love to you** - The English translation states this more politely. Direct Translation: “let me come in to you.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **so you can make love to me** - The English version states this more politely. Direct Translation: “so you can come into me.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Tamar was sitting by the road. AT: "He went to where she was sitting by the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Come + +"Come with me" or "Come now" + +# When Judah saw her + +"When Judah saw Tamar" + +# his daughter-in-law + +"his son's wife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/17.md b/gen/38/17.md index 768ee6c0ea..7e7f4f3da7 100644 --- a/gen/38/17.md +++ b/gen/38/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# from the flock -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +"from my flock of goats" -## translationNotes +# seal and cord ... staff -* **give me a pledge** - a "pledge" is something that you leave with another person to show that you will keep your promise. -* **seal and cord** - A "seal" is a device with a design engraved on it. The owner of the seal would press it into clay or wax that was used to seal a document. This would leave a mark of the design in the clay or wax. This mark was used to prove that the owner of the seal sent the document. The "cord" was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. -* **She became pregnant by him** - Alternate translation: "He caused her to become pregnant." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A "seal" is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to imprint melted wax. The "cord" was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground. + +# she became pregnant by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he caused her to become pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/19.md b/gen/38/19.md index fde0c86481..981f408340 100644 --- a/gen/38/19.md +++ b/gen/38/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# veil -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +This was a very thin material used to cover a woman's head and face. See how you translated these in [Genesis 38:14](./12.md). -## translationNotes +# clothing of her widowhood -* **veil...clothing of her widowhood** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:12]]. -* **Adullamite** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:01]]. -* **receive the pledge from the woman's hand** - "take back the pledge from the woman." See how you translated "pledge" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:17]]. +"clothing that widows wear." See how you translated these in [Genesis 38:14](./12.md). + +# from the flock + +"from his flock" + +# Adullamite + +"Adullam" is the name of a village where Hiram lived. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# receive the pledge + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "take back the pledge"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the woman's hand + +Here "hand" emphasizes that they were in here possession. The woman's hand refers to the woman. AT: "from the woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/21.md b/gen/38/21.md index c7c4e46635..262922a923 100644 --- a/gen/38/21.md +++ b/gen/38/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Adullamite -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"Adullam" is the name of a village where Hiram lived. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the men of the place -* **Adullamite** - This is Hirah, the Adullamite, who was Judah's friend. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:01]]. -* **the men of the place** - "some of the men who lived there" -* **temple prostitute who was at Enaim by the road?** - "the prostitute who serves in the temple? I met here at Enaim by the road." See how you translated "Enaim" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:12]]. -* **lest we be put to shame** - Alternate translation: "or else people will laugh at us when they find out what happened." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"some of the men who lived there" + +# cultic prostitute + +"prostitute who serves in the temple" + +# Enaim + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:14](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# that we not be put to shame + +When people found out what had happened they would ridicule Judah and laugh at him. This can be made clear and stated in active form. AT: "or else people will laugh at us when they find out what happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/24.md b/gen/38/24.md index 5190ba4d34..04e30532c3 100644 --- a/gen/38/24.md +++ b/gen/38/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:tamar]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# it was told to Judah -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Tamar your daughter-in-law** - in-law** - "Tamar, your oldest son's wife" -* **she is pregnant by sexual immorality** - "She is pregnant because of her sexual immorality" -* **Bring her here** - "Bring her out" -* **let her be burned** - Alternate translation: "we will burn her to death." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **When she was brought out** - Alternate translation: "When they brought her out" -* **her father-in-law** - in-law** - "her husband's father" -* **seal and cords and staff** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:17]]. -* **Shelah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:03]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone told Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Tamar your daughter-in-law + +"Tamar, your oldest son's wife" + +# she is pregnant by it + +Here the word "it" refers to the "prostitution" that she committed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "it has made her pregnant" or "she is pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Bring her here + +"Bring her out" + +# let her be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will burn her to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When she was brought out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When they brought her out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# her father-in-law + +"her husband's father" + +# seal and cords and staff + +A "seal" is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to make an impression in melted wax. The "cord" was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:18](./17.md). + +# Shelah + +This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/27.md b/gen/38/27.md index 69893a6cf9..716faa894c 100644 --- a/gen/38/27.md +++ b/gen/38/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about at the time -* [[en:tw:womb]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# behold -* **It came about at the time** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **behold** - The word “behold” is expressing a surprise that Tamar was carrying twins which was previously unknown. -* **It came about as she was giving birth** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **midwife** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:35:16]]. -* **scarlet thread** - "bright red thread" +The word "behold" alerts us to the surprise that Tamar was carrying twins, which was previously unknown. + +# It came about as she was giving birth + +This phrase "It came about" marks an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# one put out a hand + +"one of the babies put out his hand" + +# midwife + +This is a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child. See how you translated this in [Genesis 35:17](../35/16.md). + +# scarlet thread + +"bright red thread" + +# on his hand + +"around his wrist" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/29.md b/gen/38/29.md index 4c54a82a97..ace73544f9 100644 --- a/gen/38/29.md +++ b/gen/38/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# behold +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# How you have broken out! -* **behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **Perez** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Perez means 'breaking out.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zerah** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Zerah means 'scarlet or bright red.'" +This shows the midwife's surprise to seeing the second baby come out first. AT: "So this is how you break your way out first!" or "You have burst out first!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he was named + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she named him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Perez + +This is the name of a boy. Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Perez means 'breaking out.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zerah + +This is the name of a boy. Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Zerah means 'scarlet or bright red.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/intro.md b/gen/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..81bfcaac57 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 38 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter focuses on Jacob's son Judah. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Spilling his seed" ##### +Onan was to provide for his brother's widow and give her an heir. This phrase indicates that he used Tamar to fulfill his own sexual desires rather than help her. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### God preserves Judah's line ##### +The Canaanite woman, Tamar, deceived her father-in-law, Judah, into having sexual relations with her. If it had not been for this act, Judah would not have any descendants to carry on his family line. Although her actions were wrong, God used them to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/01.md b/gen/39/01.md index 07ab0685f0..216db77918 100644 --- a/gen/39/01.md +++ b/gen/39/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Joseph was brought down to Egypt -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:potiphar]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Travelling to Egypt is always considered as going "down" in contrast to going "up" to the promised land. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Ishmaelites had taken Joseph to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh was with Joseph -* **Joseph was brought down to Egypt** - This can be translated with an active verb: "The Ishmaelites had taken Joseph to Egypt." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He was a prosperous man** - "He became a prosperous man" -* **He was in the house** - "He lived in the house" or "He worked in the house" (UDB) -* **his Egyptian master** - Joseph was now Potiphar's slave. +This means that Yahweh helped Joseph and was always with him. AT: "Yahweh guided Joseph and helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He lived in the house + +Here the author speaks of working in the master's house as if it were living in the master's house. Only the most trusted servants were permitted to work in their master's house. AT : "he worked in the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his Egyptian master + +Joseph was now Potiphar's slave. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/03.md b/gen/39/03.md index 612ef7e22b..d670d2c306 100644 --- a/gen/39/03.md +++ b/gen/39/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# His master saw that Yahweh was with him -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means that the master saw how Yahweh was helping Joseph. AT: "His master saw that Yahweh was helping him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# that Yahweh prospered everything that he did -* **His master saw that that Yahweh was with him and that Yahweh prospered everything that he did.** - "His master realized that God was with Joseph because Yahweh prospered everything that Joseph did." -* **in his sight** - Possible meanings are 1) "Joseph found favor in Potiphar's sight" or 2) "Joseph found favor in Yahweh's sight." -* **Potiphar made Joseph manager over his house, and everything that he possessed, he put under his care.** - "Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to Potiphar." -* +"Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper" + +# Joseph found favor in his sight + +"To find favor" means to be approved by someone. The idiom "in his sight" refers to a person's opinion. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "Potiphar was pleased with Joseph" or 2) AT: "Yahweh was pleased with Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He served Potiphar + +This means that he was Potiphar's personal servant. + +# Potiphar made Joseph manager over his house, and everything that he possessed + +"Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to Potiphar" + +# put under his care + +When something is "put under someone's care," it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. AT: "he had Joseph care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/05.md b/gen/39/05.md index 831bfdd499..2c66b90c3b 100644 --- a/gen/39/05.md +++ b/gen/39/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about from the time that -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of the next part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# he made him manager over his house and over everything he possessed -* **It came about from the time that...that Yahweh blessed** - "And when...Yahweh blessed" -* **he made him manager over his house and over everything he possessed** - "Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to him" -* **The blessing of Yahweh was on everything that Potiphar had in the house and in the field** - "Yahweh blessed Potiphar's household and his crops and livestock" -* **Potiphar put everything that he had under Joseph's care ** - "So Potiphar put Joseph in charge of everything that he had." -* **He did not have to think about anything except the food that he ate** - Alternate translation: "All Potiphar had to think about was what he wanted to eat." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Now Joseph was handsome and attractive** - The word "now" marks a new part of the story and gives background information about Joseph. Alternate translation: "Joseph was handsome and strong" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +"Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to him" + +# blessed + +Here "blessed" means to cause good and beneficial things to happen to the person or thing that is being blessed. + +# The blessing of Yahweh was on + +Here the author speaks of the blessing that Yahweh gave as if it were a physical covering put over something. AT: "Yahweh blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# everything that Potiphar had in the house and in the field + +This refers his household and his crops and livestock. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Potiphar's household and all of his crops and livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Potiphar put everything that he had under Joseph's care + +When something is "put under someone's care," it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. AT: "So Potiphar put Joseph in charge of everything that he had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not have to think about anything except the food that he ate + +He did not have to worry about anything in his household; he only had to make decisions about what he wanted to eat. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Potiphar only had to think about what he wanted to eat. He did not have to worry about anything else in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Now + +The word "now" marks a break in the story line as the author gives background information about Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# handsome and attractive + +Both of the words have same meaning. They refer to Joseph's pleasing appearance. He was likely good-looking and strong. AT: "handsome and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/07.md b/gen/39/07.md index d4765cd3aa..96d362ef9f 100644 --- a/gen/39/07.md +++ b/gen/39/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about after this that -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"And so." This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# Look -* **It came about after this that** - "And so" -* **Make love to me** - This meant she wanted to have sex with him. Some languages use less direct phrases such as "Lie down with me" or "Sleep with me."(See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **my master does not pay attention to what I do in the house ** - "my master has no concern about his household with me in charge." Alternate translation: "my master trusts me with his household." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **he has put everything that he owns under my care** - "he has put me in charge of everything that belongs to him" -* **No one is not greater in this house than me. He has not kept back anything from me but you** - Alternate translation: "I have more authority than anyone in this house. He has given me everything except you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **How then can I do this great wickedness and sin against God?** - Joseph uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "I certainly cannot do such a wicked thing and sin against God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Listen." Joseph uses this word to get Potiphar's wife's attention. + +# my master does not pay attention to what I do in the house + +"my master has no concern about his household with me in charge." This can be written in positive form. AT: "my master trusts me with his household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# he has put everything that he owns under my care + +When something is "put under someone's care," it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. AT: "he has put me in charge of everything that belongs to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No one is greater in this house than I am + +Here the author speaks of authority as if it were greatness. AT: "I have more authority in this house than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has not kept back anything from me but you + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "He has given me everything except you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# How then can I do this great wickedness and sin against God? + +Joseph uses a question for emphasis. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I certainly cannot do such a wicked thing and sin against God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/10.md b/gen/39/10.md index 73591cce23..a9793be693 100644 --- a/gen/39/10.md +++ b/gen/39/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# She spoke to Joseph day after day -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +This means that she kept asking him to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "She kept on asking Joseph to sleep with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# to be with her -* **to make love to her** - This means to have sex with her. Some languages use less direct phrases such as "to lie with her" or "to sleep with her." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **to be with her** - "to be near her" -* **It came about one day that he went** - "Then one day he went" -* **None of the men of the house were there in the house** - "There were no other men in the house" or "None of the other servants were in the house. -* **Make love to me** - "Lie with me" or "Sleep with me" -* **fled, and went outside** - "and quickly ran outside" or "and quickly ran out of the house" +"to be near her" + +# It came about + +"And so." This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# None of the men of the house + +"None of the other men who worked in the house" + +# fled, and went outside + +"and quickly ran outside" or "and quickly ran out of the house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/13.md b/gen/39/13.md index da3b23db8c..d43306078c 100644 --- a/gen/39/13.md +++ b/gen/39/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about ... that she called -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:potiphar]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"Then ... she called." The phrase "it came about" is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# had fled outside -* **It came about...that she called** - "Then...she called" -* **and had fled outside** - "and had quickly ran out of the house" -* **He came in to me to sleep with me** - Here Potiphar's wife is accusing Joseph of trying to seize her and sleep with her. -* **It came about when he heard me scream, that he** - "When he heard me scream, he" +"had quickly ran out of the house" + +# the men of her house + +"the men who worked in her house" + +# See + +"Listen." Potiphar's wife uses this word to get the servants' attention. + +# He came in to me to sleep with me + +Here Potiphar's wife is accusing Joseph of trying to seize her and sleep with her. + +# It came about when he heard me scream, that he + +"When he heard me scream, he." The phrase "it came about" is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/16.md b/gen/39/16.md index 7940b70bfe..08c9dfa8c5 100644 --- a/gen/39/16.md +++ b/gen/39/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# his master -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Joseph's master." This refers to Potiphar. -## translationNotes +# She told him this explanation -* **She told him this explanation** - "She explained it like this" -* **brought to us** - The word "us" refers to Potiphar's wife and inclueds the rest of the household. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **came in to mock me** - Here, the word "mock" means "to seize and to sleep with". Some languages use less direct phrases such as "came here to lie with me". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **It came about that** - "Then" -* **fled outside** - "ran quickly out of the house" +"She explained it like this" + +# brought to us + +The word "us" refers to Potiphar, his wife, and includes the rest of the household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# came in to mock me + +"came in to make a fool of me." Here, the word "mock" is a euphemism for "to seize and to sleep with." AT: "came into where I was and tried to force me to sleep with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# It came about that + +"Then." Potiphar's wife uses this phrase to mark the next event in the account she is telling him about Joseph trying to sleep with her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# fled outside + +"ran quickly out of the house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/19.md b/gen/39/19.md index 102f098030..a9f91f8684 100644 --- a/gen/39/19.md +++ b/gen/39/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +"And so." This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# his master -* **It came about ...** - The participants have been identified as: "It came about that, when his(Joseph) master(Potiphar) heard the explanation his(Potiphar) wife told him(Potiphar), 'This is what your(Potiphar) servant(Joseph) did to me(wife),' he(Potiphar) became very angry. 20Joseph’s master(Potiphar) took him(Joseph) and put him(Joseph) in prison, the place where the king’s prisoners were confined. He(Joseph) was there in the prison." -* **It came about that, when his master heard the explanation his wife told him** - "Then, when his master heard his wife explain to him" -* **he became very angry** - "Potiphar became very angry" -* **in the place where all the king's prisoners were put** - This can be translated with a active verb: "the place where the king put his prisoners." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He was there** - "Joseph was there" +"Joseph's master." This refers to Potiphar. This information can be made explicit. AT: "Joseph's master, Potiphar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# heard the explanation his wife told him + +"heard his wife explain to him." The word "his" and "him" here refer to Potiphar. + +# he became very angry + +"Potiphar became very angry" + +# the place where the king's prisoners were confined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the place where the king put his prisoners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He was there + +"Joseph stayed there" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/21.md b/gen/39/21.md index 6b6c3f0a9f..fc8df61a04 100644 --- a/gen/39/21.md +++ b/gen/39/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But Yahweh was with Joseph -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to how Yahweh took care of Joseph and was kind to him. AT: "But Yahweh was kind to Joseph" or "But Yahweh took care of Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# showed covenant faithfulness to him -* **and showed covenant faithfulness to him** - "and was faithful to him because of the solemn promise he made to Joseph's ancestors." -* **He gave him favor ** - "Yahweh gave Joseph favor" -* **the prison warden** - "the prison manager" or "the man in charge of the prison" -* **Whatever they did there, Joseph was in charge of it ** - "Joseph was in charge of everything they did there." -* **anything that was under his care** - "anything that Joseph was in charge of" -* **Whatever he did, Yahweh prospered** - "Yahweh prospered everything Joseph did." +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "was faithful to his covenant with him" or "faithfully loved him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# He gave him favor in the sight of the prison warden + +This means Yahweh caused the prison warden to approve of Joseph and to treat him well. AT: "Yahweh caused the prison warden to be pleased with Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the prison warden + +"the prison manager" or "the man in charge of the prison" + +# gave into Joseph's hand + +Here "hand" represents Joseph's power or trust. AT: "put Joseph in charge of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whatever they did there, Joseph was in charge of it + +"Joseph was in charge of everything they did there" + +# because Yahweh was with him + +This refers to how Yahweh helped Joseph and guided him. AT: "because Yahweh guided Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Whatever he did, Yahweh prospered + +"Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/intro.md b/gen/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2b6845134 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 39 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. This is a sign of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) + +##### Joseph's character ##### +Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. He chose to do what was right, even when it could cause him harm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/01.md b/gen/40/01.md index a1a0e5550f..cadffad2db 100644 --- a/gen/40/01.md +++ b/gen/40/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# the cupbearer -* **It came about that after these things** - "After these things" -* **the cupbearer** - This is the person who brought drinks to the king. -* **the baker** - This is the person who made food for the king. -* **offended their master** - "upset their master" -* **the chief cupbearer and the chief baker** - "the leading cupbearer and the leading baker" -* **He put them in custody in the prison** - "He put them in the prison" -* **in the same prison where Joseph was confined** - This can be translated as a new sentence and with an active verb: "This was the same prison Potiphar put Joseph." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is the person who brought drinks to the king. + +# king's baker + +This is the person who made food for the king. + +# offended their master + +"upset their master" + +# the chief of the cupbearers and the chief of the bakers + +"the leading cupbearer and the leading baker" + +# He put them in custody in the house of the captain of the guard + +"He put them in the prison that was in the house that was overseen by the captain of the guard" + +# He put them + +The king did not put them in prison but rather he commanded for them to be imprisoned. AT: "He had them put" or "He commanded his guard to put" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the same prison where Joseph was confined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This was the same prison that Joseph was in" or "This was the same prison Potiphar put Joseph in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/04.md b/gen/40/04.md index 5fae5104a9..d33ea4d4d8 100644 --- a/gen/40/04.md +++ b/gen/40/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They remained in custody for some time -* [[en:tw:dream]] - -## translationNotes - -* **put Joseph in charge of them** - "put Joseph in charge of the cupbearer and the baker" -* **He attended to them** - "Joseph helped take care of them" -* **They remained in custody for some time.** - "They remained in prison for a long time." -* **Both of them dreamed a dream, each man his dream in the same night, each man with the interpretation of his dream, the cupbearer and the baker of the king of Egypt who were confined in the prison.** - "While in prison, the cupbearer and the baker to the king of Egypt had a dream in the same night. Each dream had its own meaning." +"They remained in prison for a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/06.md b/gen/40/06.md index 63dc959f89..59dfc2b733 100644 --- a/gen/40/06.md +++ b/gen/40/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Joseph came to them -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +"Joseph came to the cupbearer and the baker" -## translationNotes +# Behold, they were sad -* **Joseph came to them** - "Joseph came to the cupbearer and the baker" -* **Behold, they were sad** - The word “behold” here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: "He was surprised to see that they were sad." -* **Do not interpretations belong to God?** - Joseph uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "God is able to reveal the meaning of dreams." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Tell me, please.** - "Tell me the dreams, please." +The word "behold" here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw. AT: "He was surprised to see that they were sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Pharaoh's officials who were with him + +This refers to the cupbearer and the baker. + +# in custody in his master's house + +"In prison in him master's house." "His master" refers to Joseph's master, the captain of the guard. + +# Do not interpretations belong to God? + +Joseph uses a question for emphasis. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Interpretations belong to God!" or "It is God who can tell the meaning of dreams!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Tell me, please + +Joseph asks for them to tell him their dreams. AT: "Tell me the dreams, please" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/09.md b/gen/40/09.md index 1a173a2634..1c4d0496f1 100644 --- a/gen/40/09.md +++ b/gen/40/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The chief of the cupbearers -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +The most important person who brings drinks to the king. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# In my dream, behold, a vine was in front of me -* **The chief cupbearer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:40:01]]. -* **In my dream, behold, a vine was in front of me** - The word “behold” here shows that the cupbearer was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: "In my dream, I saw a vine in front of me!" -* **the clusters of grapes ripened** - "its clusters ripened into grapes" +"In my dream, I saw a vine in front of me!" The cupbearer uses word "behold" here to show that he was surprised by what he saw in his dream and to alert Joseph to pay attention. + +# the clusters of grapes ripened + +"its clusters ripened into grapes" + +# squeezed them + +This means that he squeezed the juice out of them. AT: "squeezed the juice from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/12.md b/gen/40/12.md index 4cbebc993a..beb29147aa 100644 --- a/gen/40/12.md +++ b/gen/40/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the interpretation of it +"Here is what the dream means" -## translationNotes +# The three branches are three days -* **This is the interpretation of it** - "Here is what the dream means" -* **Within three days** - "In three more days" -* **will raise your head** - Alternate translation: "will raise up your head to take away your shame" -* **and restore you to your office** - "and he will allow you to serve him again" +"The three branches represent three days" + +# Within three days + +"In three more days" + +# will lift up your head + +Here Joseph speaks of Pharaoh releasing the cupbearer from prison as if Pharaoh were causing him to lift up his head. AT: "will release you from prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# restore you to your office + +"will give you back your job" + +# just as when + +"just as you did when" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/14.md b/gen/40/14.md index 7f535adf12..4e9c8f1603 100644 --- a/gen/40/14.md +++ b/gen/40/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# please show kindness to me -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +"please be kind to me" -## translationNotes +# Mention me to Pharaoh and bring me out of this prison -* **and please show kindness to me** - "and please be kind to me" -* **Mention me to Pharaoh and bring me out of this prison** - "Help me get out of this prison by telling Pharaoh about me" -* **For indeed I was abducted** - This can be translated with an active verb: "For indeed people took me" or "For indeed the Ishmaelites took me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the land of the Hebrews** - "the land where the Hebrew people live" +Joseph means for the cupbearer to tell Pharaoh about him so that Pharaoh will release him from prison. AT: "Help me get out of this prison by telling Pharaoh about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For indeed I was abducted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For indeed people took me" or "For indeed the Ishmaelites took me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the land of the Hebrews + +"the land where the Hebrew people live" + +# Here also have I done nothing that they should put me in this dungeon + +"and also while I have been here in Egypt, I have done nothing for which I deserved to be put in prison" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/16.md b/gen/40/16.md index e76ab058c4..b3802a4fd1 100644 --- a/gen/40/16.md +++ b/gen/40/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the chief of the bakers -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +This refers to the leading person who made food for the king. See how this was translated in [Genesis 40:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# I also had a dream, and -* **the chief baker** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:40:01]]. -* **that the interpretation was favorable ** - "that the meaning of the dream was good" -* **I also had a dream, and** - “Also in my dream,” -* **behold, three baskets of bread were on my head** - The word “behold” here shows that the baker was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: "there were three baskets of bread on my head!" -* **baked goods for Pharaoh** - "food baked for Pharaoh" +"I also had a dream, and in my dream," + +# behold, three baskets of bread were on my head + +"there were three baskets of bread on my head!" The baker uses word "behold" here to show that he was surprised by what he saw in his dream and to alert Joseph to pay attention. + +# baked goods for Pharaoh + +"baked foods for Pharaoh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/18.md b/gen/40/18.md index 5c9c5089c6..dd8120a468 100644 --- a/gen/40/18.md +++ b/gen/40/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the interpretation -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +"Here is what the dream means" -## translationNotes +# The three baskets are three days -* **This is the interpretation** - "Here is what the dream means" -* **will lift up your head from you and will hang you on a tree** - Joseph also used the phrase "will lift up your head" when he spoke to the cupbearer in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:40:12]]. Here it has a different meaning. Possible meanings are 1) "will lift up your head to put a rope around your neck and hang you from a tree" or 2) "will lift up your head to cut it off." +"The three baskets represent three days" + +# will lift up your head from you + +Joseph also used the phrase "will lift up your head" when he spoke to the cupbearer in [Genesis 40:13](./12.md). Here it has a different meaning. Possible meanings are 1) "will lift up your head to put a rope around your neck" or 2) "will lift up your head to cut it off." + +# flesh + +Here "flesh" literally means the soft tissue on a person's body. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/20.md b/gen/40/20.md index 234c29bea8..8df1fae934 100644 --- a/gen/40/20.md +++ b/gen/40/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about on the third day that -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Afterward, on the third day." The phrase "it came about" is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# He made a feast -* **the chief cupbearer and the chief baker** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:gen:40:01]]. -* **It came about on the third day that** - “Afterward, on the third day,” -* **He made a feast** - "He had a feast" -* **He paid special attention to the chief cupbearer and the chief baker, more than to all his other servants. ** - "He lifted up the head of the chief cupbearer and the head of the chief baker in the midst of his servants." -* **He restored the chief cupbearer to his responsibility** - "He allowed the chief cupbearer to serve him again" -* **and he put the cup into Pharaoh’s hand again ** - "so that he put the cup into Pharaoh's hand" +"He had a feast" + +# the chief of the cupbearers + +This was the leading person who prepared and served drinks to the king. See how these were translated in [Genesis 40:2](./01.md). + +# the chief of the bakers + +This refers to the leading person who made food for the king. See how this was translated in [Genesis 40:2](./01.md). + +# He restored the chief of the cupbearers to his responsibility + +The chief of the cupbearer's "responsibility" refers to his job as chief of the cupbearers. AT: "He gave the chief of the cupbearers his job back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But he hanged the chief of the bakers + +Pharaoh did not personally hang the baker, rather he commanded for him to be hanged. AT: "But he commanded for the chief of the bakers to be hanged" or "But he commanded his guards to hang the chief of the bakers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# just as Joseph had interpreted to them + +This refers to when Joseph interpreted their dreams. AT: "just as Joseph had said would happen when he interpreted the two men's dreams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/intro.md b/gen/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d9531b26b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 40 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Interpretation of dreams ##### +The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/01.md b/gen/41/01.md index 8be0a18ff7..b220574bf4 100644 --- a/gen/41/01.md +++ b/gen/41/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# at the end of two full years -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **at the end of two full years** - Two years passed after Joseph correctly interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh's cupbearer and baker, who had been in prison with Joseph. -* **Behold, he stood** - The word "behold" here marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **he stood** - "Pharaoh was standing" -* **Behold, seven cows** - The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. This can also be translated as “suddenly." -* **desirable and fat** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "They were healthy and fat." -* **grazed in the reeds** - These are tall, thin grasses that grow in wet areas. Alternate translation: "were eating the grass along the side of the river" -* **Behold, seven other cows** - The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was again surprised by what he saw. -* **undesirable and thin** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "They were sick and thin." -* **bank of the river** - This is the higher ground along the edge of a river. Alternate translation: "beside the river" or "riverside" +Two years passed after Joseph correctly interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh's cupbearer and baker, who had been in prison with Joseph. + +# Behold, he stood + +The word "behold" here marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# he stood + +"Pharaoh was standing" + +# Behold + +"Suddenly." The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. + +# desirable and fat + +"healthy and fat" + +# grazed in the reeds + +"were eating the grass along the side of the river" + +# reeds + +tall, thin grasses that grow in wet areas + +# Behold, seven other cows + +The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was again surprised by what he saw. + +# undesirable and thin + +"sick and thin" + +# bank of the river + +"beside the river" or "riverside." This is the higher ground along the edge of a river. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/04.md b/gen/41/04.md index ec8c8a91d9..cee48a15c2 100644 --- a/gen/41/04.md +++ b/gen/41/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# undesirable and thin -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +"weak and skinny." See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:3](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# desirable and fat -* **undesirable and thin** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:01]]. -* **desirable and fat** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:01]]. -* **woke up** - "awakened" -* **Behold, seven heads** - The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. -* **heads of grain** - The heads are parts of the corn plant on which the seeds grow. -* **came up on one stalk** - This is the thick or tall part of a plant. Alternate translation: "grew up on one stem" -* **wholesome and good** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "They were healthy and good." -* **thin and scorched by the east wind** - "that were thin and burned by a hot wind that came from the east" -* **sprouted up** - "grew up" or "developed" +"healthy and well-fed." See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:2](./01.md). + +# woke up + +"awakened" + +# a second time + +The word "second" is an ordinal number. AT: "again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Behold, seven heads + +The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. + +# heads of grain + +The heads are parts of the corn plant on which the seeds grow. + +# came up on one stalk + +"grew up on one stem." The stalk is the thick or tall part of a plant. + +# on one stalk, wholesome and good + +"on one stock and they were healthy and beautiful" + +# thin and scorched by the east wind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that were thin and burned because of the hot wind from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the east wind + +Wind from the east blew in from the desert. The heat of the east wind was often very destructive. + +# sprouted up + +"grew up" or "developed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/07.md b/gen/41/07.md index 20a0b4fbf3..af3e291c6e 100644 --- a/gen/41/07.md +++ b/gen/41/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The thin heads -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The words "of grain" are understood. AT: "The thin heads of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# swallowed up -* **The thin heads** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:04]]. -* **swallowed up** - "ate" -* **wholesome and full heads** - "healthy and good heads." See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:04]]. -* **woke up** - "awakened" -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he had seen. -* **it was a dream** - "he had been dreaming" -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **his spirit was troubled** - Here the word "spirit" refers to his inner being or his emotions. Alternate translation: "he was troubled in his inner being" or "he was troubled." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **He sent and called for** - "He sent his servants to gather" -* **all the magicians and wise men of Egypt** - Ancient kings and rulers used magicians and wise men as advisers. +"ate." Pharaoh is dreaming that unhealthy corn could eat healthy corn just like a person eats food. + +# wholesome and full heads + +"healthy and good heads." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:5](./04.md). + +# woke up + +"awakened" + +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he had seen. + +# it was a dream + +"he had been dreaming" + +# It came about + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# his spirit was troubled + +Here the word "spirit" refers to his inner being or his emotions. AT: "he was troubled in his inner being" or "he was troubled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He sent and called + +It is understood that he sent servants. AT: "He sent his servants to call" or "He sent his servants to summon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# all the magicians and wise men of Egypt + +Ancient kings and rulers used magicians and wise men as advisers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/09.md b/gen/41/09.md index aba9e98a13..01d48f5628 100644 --- a/gen/41/09.md +++ b/gen/41/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# chief cupbearer -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The most important person who brings drinks to the king. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2](../40/01.md). -## translationNotes +# Today I am thinking about my offenses -* **chief cupbearer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:40:01]]. -* **Today I remember my offenses** - The word "today" is used for emphasis. Alternate transltion: "I just realized that I forgot to tell you something." -* **put me in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, the chief baker and me** - "put the chief baker and me in the prison of the captain of the guard." See how you translated "chief baker" and "captain of the guard" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:40:01]]. -* **We dreamed a dream the same night, he and I** - "One night we both had dreams" -* **We dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream** - "Our dreams had different meanings" +The word "Today" is used for emphasis. His "offenses" are that he should have told Pharaoh something much earlier but he did not. AT: "I just realized that I forgot to tell you something" + +# Pharaoh was angry + +The cupbearer is referring to Pharaoh in third person. This is a common way for someone with less power to speak to someone with greater power. AT: "You, Pharaoh, were angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# with his servants + +Here "his" refers to Pharaoh. Here "servants" refers to the cupbearer and the chief baker. AT: "with us, your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# put me in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, the chief baker and me + +"put the chief baker and me in the prison where the captain of the guard was in charge." Here "house" refers to the prison. + +# the captain of the guard + +The soldier in charge of the royal guards. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2-3](../40/01.md). + +# the chief baker + +The most important person who made food for the king. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2-3](../40/01.md). + +# We dreamed a dream the same night, he and I + +"One night we both had dreams" + +# We dreamed + +Here "We" refers to the chief cupbearer and the chief baker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# We dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream + +"Our dreams had different meanings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/12.md b/gen/41/12.md index 5be7508d6d..99b964231a 100644 --- a/gen/41/12.md +++ b/gen/41/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:hang]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The chief cupbearer continues to speak to Pharaoh. -## translationNotes +# There was with us there -* The chief cupbearer continue to speak to Pharaoh. -* **There was with us there** - "In prison there was with the chief baker and me" -* **captain of the guard** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:40:01]]. -* **We told him and he interpreted for us our dreams** - "We told him our dreams and he explained their meanings to us" -* **He interpreted for each of us according to his dream** - "He explained what was going to happen to both of us" -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **as he interpreted for us, so it happened** - "what he explained about the dreams is what later happened" -* **Pharaoh restored me to my post** - Here the cupbearer uses Pharaoh's title in speaking to him as a way of honoring him. Alternate translation: "You allowed me to return to my job." -* **the other one** - "the chief baker" +"In prison there was with the chief baker and me" + +# the captain of the guard + +The soldier in charge of the royal guards. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2-3](../40/01.md). + +# We told him and he interpreted for us our dreams + +"We told him our dreams and he explained their meanings to us" + +# He interpreted for each of us according to his dream + +Here "his" refers to the cupbearer and baker individually, not to the one interpreting the dream. AT: "He explained what was going to happen to both of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# It came about + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# as he interpreted for us, so it happened + +"what he explained about the dreams is what later happened" + +# Pharaoh restored me to my post + +Here the cupbearer uses Pharaoh's title in speaking to him as a way of honoring him. AT: "You allowed me to return to my job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the other one + +"the chief baker" + +# he hanged + +Here "he" refers to Pharaoh. And, it stands for the soldiers that Pharaoh commanded to hang the chief baker. AT: "you ordered your soldiers to hang" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/14.md b/gen/41/14.md index e647a1a06e..e66d53027f 100644 --- a/gen/41/14.md +++ b/gen/41/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Pharaoh sent and called for -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +It is understood that Pharaoh sent servants. AT: "Pharaoh sent his servants to get Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the dungeon -* **Pharaoh sent and called for** - "Pharaoh sent his servants to get Joseph" -* **out of the dungeon** - "out of the jail" or "out of the prison" -* **He shaved himself** - It was common practice to shave both the facial and head hair. -* **came in to Pharaoh** - "appeared before Pharaoh" -* **there is no interpreter for it** - "no one can explain the meaning" -* **you can interpret it** - "you can explain its meaning" -* **It is not in me** - "I am not the one who can explain the meaning" -* **God will answer Pharaoh with favor** - "God will answer Pharaoh favorably" +"out of the jail" or "out of the prison" + +# He shaved himself + +It was common practice to shave both the facial and head hair when preparing to go before Pharaoh. + +# came in to Pharaoh + +Here "came" can be stated as "went." AT: "went before Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# there is no interpreter for it + +"no one can explain the meaning" + +# you can interpret it + +"you can explain its meaning" + +# It is not in me + +"I am not the one who can explain the meaning" + +# God will answer Pharaoh with favor + +"God will answer Pharaoh favorably" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/17.md b/gen/41/17.md index f85aa3972c..82331aeaa0 100644 --- a/gen/41/17.md +++ b/gen/41/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# behold, I stood -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +Pharaoh uses the word "behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. -## translationNotes +# bank of the Nile -* **Behold, I stood** - Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. -* **bank of the Nile** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:01]]. -* **Behold, seven cows** - Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. -* **came up out of the Nile** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:01]]. -* **fat and desirable** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:01]]. -* **grazed among the reeds** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:01]]. +This is the higher ground along the edge of the Nile River. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:3](./01.md). AT: "beside the Nile" + +# Behold, seven cows + +Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. + +# fat and desirable + +"well-fed and healthy." See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:2](./01.md). + +# grazed among the reeds + +"were eating the grass along the side of the river." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/19.md b/gen/41/19.md index dfba10c4c4..d0d1e5ab54 100644 --- a/gen/41/19.md +++ b/gen/41/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold, seven other cows -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] +Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. -## translationNotes +# undesirable, and thin -* **Behold, seven other cows** - Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. -* **undesirable, and thin** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:01]]. -* **desirable and fat** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:01]]. -* **I never saw in all the land of Egypt such undesirableness like them** - "In all the land of Egypt, I have never seen such worthless looking cows" +"weak, and skinny." See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:3](./01.md). + +# such undesirableness + +The abstract noun "undesirableness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "such ugly cows" or "such worthless looking cows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# fat cows + +"well-fed cows." See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:2](./01.md). + +# it could not be known that they had eaten them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one would have been able to tell that the thin cows had eaten the fat cows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/22.md b/gen/41/22.md index 5aa33a40b5..47a06eda03 100644 --- a/gen/41/22.md +++ b/gen/41/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] +Pharaoh continues telling Joseph his dreams. -## translationNotes +# I looked in my dream -* Pharaoh continues telling Joseph his dreams. -* **behold, seven heads** - Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. -* **came up upon one stalk** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:04]]. -* **Behold, seven more heads** - Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. -* **withered** - "decayed" or "wilted" -* **scorched by the east wind** - See how your translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:04]]. -* **sprang up** - "grew up" or "developed" -* **The thin heads swallowed up the seven good heads** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:07]]. -* **There was none that could explain it to me** - Possible meanings are 1) "There was none..." or 2) "there were none..." See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:07]]. +This begins Pharaoh's next dream after he woke up and went back to sleep. AT: "Then I dreamed again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# behold, seven heads + +Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. + +# seven heads + +The words "of grain" are understood. AT: "seven heads of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# came up upon one stalk + +"grew up on one stem." The stalk is the thick or tall part of a plant. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:5](./04.md). + +# Behold, seven more heads + +Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. + +# withered, thin and scorched by the east wind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that were withered, thin, and scorched because of the hot wind from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# withered + +"decayed" or "wilted" + +# the east wind + +Wind from the east blew in from the desert. The heat of the east wind was often very destructive to crops. + +# sprang up + +"grew up" or "developed" + +# The thin heads + +The words "of grain" are understood. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:7](./07.md). AT: "The thin heads of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# swallowed up + +"ate." Pharaoh is dreaming that unhealthy corn could eat healthy corn just like a person eats food. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:7](./07.md). + +# there was none that could + +"there was not a single one that could" or "none of them could" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/25.md b/gen/41/25.md index e71c785a1f..a822ab9304 100644 --- a/gen/41/25.md +++ b/gen/41/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The dreams of Pharaoh are the same -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +It is implied that the meanings are the same. AT: "Both dreams mean the same thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# What God is about to do, he has declared to Pharaoh -* **What God is about to do, he has declared to Pharaoh** - "God is showing you what he will soon do" +Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in the third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in the second person. AT: "God is showing you what he will soon do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# seven good heads + +The words "of grain" are understood. AT: "seven good heads of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/27.md b/gen/41/27.md index 9be7be9f09..9d0ab33a0e 100644 --- a/gen/41/27.md +++ b/gen/41/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +Joseph continues his interpretation of Pharaoh's dreams -## translationNotes +# thin and undesirable cows -* Joseph continues his interpretation of Pharaoh's dreams -* **thin and undesirable cows that came up** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:01]]. -* **seven thin heads scorched by the east wind** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:04]]. -* **That is the thing which I spoke to Pharaoh** - Here Joseph uses Pharaoh's title as a way of speaking respectfully to him. Alternate translation: “These events will happen just as I have told you.” -* **he has revealed** - "he has made known" -* **Look** - "Pay attention to what I am saying" +"skinny and weak cows." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:3](./01.md). + +# seven thin heads scorched by the east wind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "seven thin heads of grain scorched because of the hot wind from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# That is the thing which I spoke to Pharaoh ... revealed to Pharaoh + +Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in the third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in second person. AT: "These events will happen just as I have told you ... revealed to you, Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he has revealed + +"he has made known" + +# Look + +This is used to emphasize what Joseph says next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am saying" + +# seven years of great abundance will come throughout all the land of Egypt + +This speaks about the years of abundance as if time is something that travels and comes to a place. AT: "there will be seven years in which there will be plenty of food throughout the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/30.md b/gen/41/30.md index ed2c20add2..49224bf37c 100644 --- a/gen/41/30.md +++ b/gen/41/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:devastated|devastate]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +Joseph continues interpreting Pharaoh's dreams. -## translationNotes +# Seven years of famine will come after them -* Joseph continues interpreting Pharaoh's dreams. -* **Seven years of famine will come after them** - "Seven years of famine will follow the seven years of great abundance" -* **all the abundance will be forgotten...and the famine will devastate the land. The abundance will not be remembered...because of the famine that will follow** - Joseph expresses an idea in two ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **That the dream was repeated to Pharaoh is because the matter has established by God** - "God gave you two dreams to show you that these events will happen" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This speaks about the seven years of famine as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. AT: "Then there will be seven years when there is very little food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the abundance will be forgotten ... and the famine will devastate the land. The abundance will not be remembered ... because of the famine that will follow + +Joseph expresses an idea in two ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# all the abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt + +Here "land" refers to the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of Egypt will forget about the years in which there was plenty of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will devastate the land + +Here "land" refers to the soil, the people, and the entire country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of the famine that will follow + +This speaks about the famine as if it were a thing that travels and follows behind something else. AT: "because of the time of famine that will happen afterwards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# That the dream was repeated to Pharaoh is because the matter has been established by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave you two dreams to show you that he will certainly cause these things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/33.md b/gen/41/33.md index a1f0e4d2ba..b2e4bb39e1 100644 --- a/gen/41/33.md +++ b/gen/41/33.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:overseer]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Joseph continues to address Pharaoh -## translationNotes +# Now -* Joseph continues to address Pharaoh -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. -* **put him over the land of Egypt** - "give him authority over the kingdom of Egypt" -* **Let them take a fifth of the crops** - "Let them gather and store a fifth of the crops" -* **in the seven abundant years** - "during the seven years of big harvests" +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# let Pharaoh look + +Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in second person. AT: "You, Pharaoh, should look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# put him over the land of Egypt + +The phrase "put him over" means to give someone authority. AT: "give him authority over the kingdom of Egypt" or "put him in charge of the kingdom of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# land of Egypt + +Here "land" stands for all the people and everything in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let them take a fifth of the crops of Egypt + +The word "fifth" is a fraction. AT: "let them divide the crops of Egypt into five equal parts, then take one of those parts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# in the seven abundant years + +"during the seven years in which there is plenty of food" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/35.md b/gen/41/35.md index 18c2bdc7eb..81ba5ae9db 100644 --- a/gen/41/35.md +++ b/gen/41/35.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:devastated|devastated]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +Joseph continues to counsel Pharaoh -## translationNotes +# Let them gather -* Joseph continues to counsel Pharaoh -* **Let them gather** - "allow the overseers to gather" -* **store up** - "store" or "save" -* **Let them guard it** - "Let the overseers guard the grain" -* **the food will be a supply** - "the food will be a stockpile" -* **will not be devastated by the famine** - The people and animals will not starve to death as a result of the coming harvest shortages. +"Allow the overseers to gather" + +# of these good years that are coming + +This speaks of years as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. AT: "during the good years that will soon happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# store up grain under the authority of Pharaoh + +The phrase "under the authority of Pharaoh" means Pharaoh gives them authority. AT: "use the authority of Pharaoh to store the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They should preserve it + +The word "they" refers to the overseers and represents the soldiers that they should command to guard the grain. AT: "The overseers should leave soldiers there to guard the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The food will be a supply for the land + +Here "land" refers to the people. AT: "This food will be for the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In this way the land will not be devastated by the famine + +Here "land" stands for the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "This way the people will not starve during the famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/37.md b/gen/41/37.md index 8311421393..3769632317 100644 --- a/gen/41/37.md +++ b/gen/41/37.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This advice was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "Pharaoh and his servants thought this was a good plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# his servants -* **This advice was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants** - "Pharaoh and his officials thought this was a good plan" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in the eyes of** - "in the opinion of" -* **Pharaoh said to his servants** - "Pharaoh said to his officials" -* **such a man as this** - "a man like the one Joseph described" -* **in whom is the Spirit of God** - "in whom the Spirit of God lives" +This means Pharaoh's officials. + +# such a man as this + +"a man like the one Joseph described" + +# in whom is the Spirit of God + +"in whom the Spirit of God lives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/39.md b/gen/41/39.md index d31598f3b9..ae40365fb9 100644 --- a/gen/41/39.md +++ b/gen/41/39.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# there is none so discerning -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"no one else is as capable in making decisions." See how you translated "discerning" in [Genesis 41:33](./33.md). -## translationNotes +# You will be over my house -* **there is none so discerning** - See how you translated "discerning" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:33]]. -* **You shall be over my house** - "You will have authority over my kingdom" -* **according to your word will all my people be ruled** - "you will rule over my people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Only in the throne** - "Only in my role as king" -* **See, I have put you** - "Look, I have put you" -* **I have put you over all the land** - "I have given you authority over my kingdom" +Here "house" stands for Pharaoh's palace and the people in the palace. The phrase "will be over" means Joseph will have authority over. AT: "You will be in charge of everyone in my palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# according to your word will all my people be ruled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will rule over my people and they will do what you command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Only in the throne + +Here "throne" stands for Pharaoh's rule as king. AT: "Only in my role as king" + +# See, I have put you + +The word "See" adds emphasis to what Pharaoh says next. AT: "Look, I have put you" + +# I have put you over all the land of Egypt + +The phrase "put you over" means to give authority. Here "land" refers to the people. AT: "I put you in charge of everyone in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/42.md b/gen/41/42.md index 5e0627ac24..eef806e9f2 100644 --- a/gen/41/42.md +++ b/gen/41/42.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Pharaoh took off his signet ring ... gold chain on his neck -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +All of these actions symbolize that Pharaoh is giving Joseph the authority to do everything that Joseph planned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# signet ring -* **Pharaoh took off his signet ring...and put it upon Joseph's hand** - Joseph having Pharaoh's signet ring grants him all authority and money to carry out the plans he outlined to Pharaoh. -* **clothes of linen** - "Linen" is a smooth, strong cloth made from the blue-flowered flax plant. -* **He had him ride in the second chariot which he possessed** - This act makes clear to the people that Joseph is second only to Pharaoh. -* **Bend the knee** - "bow down and honor Joseph" -* **Pharaoh put him over all the land** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:39]]. +This ring had Pharaoh's seal engraved on it. This gave Joseph the authority and money needed to carry out his plans. + +# clothes of fine linen + +"Linen" is a smooth, strong cloth made from the blue-flowered flax plant. + +# He had him ride in the second chariot which he possessed + +This act makes clear to the people that Joseph is second only to Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Bend the knee + +"Bow down and honor Joseph." To bend the knee and bow down was a sign of honor and respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Pharaoh put him over all the land + +The phrase "put you over" means to give authority. Here "land" refers to the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:41](./39.md). AT: "I put you in charge of everyone in Egypt"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/44.md b/gen/41/44.md index 9ea5da1c14..c524e9114b 100644 --- a/gen/41/44.md +++ b/gen/41/44.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# I am Pharaoh, and apart from you -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Pharaoh is emphasizing his authority. AT: "As Pharaoh, I command that apart from you" -## translationNotes +# apart from you, no man will lift his hand or his foot in all the land of Egypt -* **Zaphenath-Paneah** - Paneah** - Translators may add the following footnote: The name Zaphenath-Paneah means "a revealer of secrets." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, as a wife** - Priests in Egypt were the highest and most privileged caste. This marriage signifies Joseph's place of honor and privilege. -* **gave him Asenath** - "Asenath" is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **daughter of Potiphera** - "Potiphera" is the father of Asenath. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **priest of On** - On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was "the City of the Sun" and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Joseph's authority was over all Egypt** - "Joseph ruled over all the people of Egypt" +Here "hand" and "foot" stand for a person's actions. AT: "no person in Egypt will do anything without your permission" or "every person in Egypt must ask your permission before they do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# no man + +Here "man" refers to any person in general, whether male or female. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# Zaphenath-Paneah + +Translators may add the following footnote: The name Zaphenath-Paneah means "a revealer of secrets." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, as a wife + +Priests in Egypt were the highest and most privileged caste. This marriage signifies Joseph's place of honor and privilege. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# gave him Asenath + +"Asenath" is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# daughter of Potiphera + +"Potiphera" is the father of Asenath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# priest of On + +On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was "the City of the Sun" and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Joseph went out over the land of Egypt + +Joseph traveled over the land to supervise the preparations for the coming drought. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/46.md b/gen/41/46.md index 1591cd44b2..f7fbbbf26a 100644 --- a/gen/41/46.md +++ b/gen/41/46.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# thirty years old -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +"30 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# when he stood before Pharaoh -* **when he stood before Pharaoh** - "when he was presented to Pharaoh" -* **the land produced abundantly** - "the land produced big harvests" +Here "stood before" stands for Joseph starting to serve Pharaoh. AT: "when he started to serve Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# went throughout all the land of Egypt + +Joseph is inspecting the country as he prepares to carry out his plans. + +# In the seven bountiful years + +"During the seven good years" + +# the land produced abundantly + +"the land produced big harvests" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/48.md b/gen/41/48.md index f3c84a69ce..4961686519 100644 --- a/gen/41/48.md +++ b/gen/41/48.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He gathered up ... He put -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] +Here "He" stands for Joseph's servants. AT: "Joseph ordered his servants to gather ... They put" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Joseph stored up grain like the sand of the sea -* **He gathered up** - "Joseph gathered" -* **Joseph stored up grain like the sand of the sea** - "The grain that Joseph stored was as plentiful as the sand on the seashore" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This compares the grain to the sand of sea to emphasize its great quantity. AT: "The grain that Joseph stored was as plentiful as the sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Joseph stored up ... he stopped + +Here "Joseph" and "he" stand for Joseph's servants. AT: "Joseph had his servants store up ... they stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/50.md b/gen/41/50.md index 3d4b302d40..461cbdf65f 100644 --- a/gen/41/50.md +++ b/gen/41/50.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# before the years of famine came -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This speaks about years as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. AT: "before the seven years of the famine began" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Asenath -* **whom Asenath** - See how "Asenath" was translated in verse [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:44]]. -* **the daughter of Potiphera** - See how Potiphera was translated in verse [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:44]]. -* **priest of On** - See how this phrase was translated in verse [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:44]]. +"Asenath" is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife. See how you translated this is [Genesis 41:45](./44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# daughter of Potiphera + +"Potiphera" is the father of Asenath. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](./44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# priest of On + +On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was "the City of the Sun" and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](./44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Manasseh + +Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name 'Manasseh' means 'to cause to forget.'" + +# father's household + +This refers to Joseph's father Jacob and his family. + +# Ephraim + +Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name 'Ephraim' means 'to be fruitful' or 'to have children.'" + +# made me fruitful + +Here "fruitful" means to prosper or to have children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the land of my affliction + +The abstract noun "affliction" can be stated as "I have suffered." AT: "in this land where I have suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/53.md b/gen/41/53.md index 6a87000e92..45035ad214 100644 --- a/gen/41/53.md +++ b/gen/41/53.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in all lands -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +In all the surrounding nations beyond Egypt, including the land of Canaan. -## translationNotes +# but in all the land of Egypt there was food -* **in all lands** - In all the surrounding nations beyond Egypt including the land of Canaan. +It is implied that there was food because of Joseph commanded his people to store food during the seven good years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/55.md b/gen/41/55.md index d8e1515dfd..5b9bed0c07 100644 --- a/gen/41/55.md +++ b/gen/41/55.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When all the land of Egypt was famished -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +Here "land" stands for the people. AT: "When all the Egyptians were starving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# The famine was over all the face of the whole land -* **When all the land of Egypt was famished** - "When all the Egyptians were starving" -* **The famine was over all the face of the whole land** - "The famine had spread throughout the land" -* **storehouses** - buildings where grain was stored for future use -* **severe** - very harsh -* **All the earth was coming to Egypt** - "people were coming from all the regions around Egypt" -* **in all the earth** - "throughout the land". It is likely that all the different trading partners and nations that were part of the Egyptian trading routes effected by the drought came to Egypt for grain. +The word "face" refers to the surface of the land. AT: "The famine had spread throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold to the Egyptians + +Here "Joseph" stands for Joseph's servants. AT: "Joseph had his servants open all the storehouses and sell grain to the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# All the earth was coming to Egypt + +Here "earth" stands for the people from all regions. AT: "People were coming to Egypt from all the surrounding regions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in all the earth + +"throughout the land." It is likely that all the different trading partners and nations that were part of the Egyptian trading routes effected by the drought came to Egypt for grain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/intro.md b/gen/41/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3dc59259c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/41/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Genesis 41 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Interpretation of dreams ##### +The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +##### Joseph's character ##### +Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]l, [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/upright]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 41:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/01.md b/gen/42/01.md index dfd65590bb..e4b5701d17 100644 --- a/gen/42/01.md +++ b/gen/42/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Jacob became -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +The word "Now" marks a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# Why do you look at one another? -* **Now Jacob became...** - "now" marks a new part of the story. -* **Why do you look at one another?"** - Jacob uses a question to scold his sons for not doing anything about the grain. Alternate translation: "Do not just sit here!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Lest harm may perhaps happen to him** - Benjamin is Jacob's youngest son from Rachel whom he loved. "Something bad might happen to him" +Jacob uses a question to scold his sons for not doing anything about the grain. AT: "Do not just sit here!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Go down there ... went down + +It was common to speak of going from Canaan to Egypt as going "down." + +# from Egypt + +Here "Egypt" refers to the people selling grain. AT: "from those selling grain in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob did not send + +Benjamin and Joseph had the same father and mother. Jacob did not want to risk sending Rachel's last son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/05.md b/gen/42/05.md index c18fe95e78..5312519428 100644 --- a/gen/42/05.md +++ b/gen/42/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The sons of Israel came to buy among those who came -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +The word "came" can be translated as "went." Also, the words "grain" and "Egypt" are understood. AT: "The sons of Israel went to by grain along with other people who went to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Now Joseph -* **The sons of Israel came** - There are two possible meanings 1) "The narrative breaks at v5 and is told from the perspective of being in Egypt" (ULB) or 2) "The narrative breaks after v5 and is told from the perspective of being in Canaan" (UDB). -* **The sons of Israel came to buy among those who came** - “The sons of Israel were among many others who came to buy grain in Egypt” -* **Now Joseph...** - "Now" marks a change from the story to background information about Joseph. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* ** over the land** - "over the land of Egypt" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **all the people of the land** - "all the people of all the nations that came to buy grain" +"Now" marks a change from the story to background information about Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# over the land + +Here "land" refers to Egypt. AT: "over Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the people of the land + +Here "land" includes Egypt and other surrounding countries. AT: "all the people of all the nations that came to buy grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Joseph's brothers came + +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# bowed down to him with their faces to the ground + +This is a way of showing respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/07.md b/gen/42/07.md index 23cf46f523..52c269b23b 100644 --- a/gen/42/07.md +++ b/gen/42/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Joseph saw his brothers and recognized them -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +"When Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them" -## translationNotes +# he disguised himself to them -* **Joseph saw his brothers and recognized them** - "When Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them" -* **he disguised himself to them** - "he acted like he was not their brother" or "he did not let them know that he was their brother" -* **"Where have you come from?"** - This was not a rhetorical question even though Joseph knew the answer. It was part of his choice to keep his identity from his brothers. +"he acted like he was not their brother" or "he did not let them know that he was their brother" + +# Where have you come from? + +This was not a rhetorical question even though Joseph knew the answer. It was part of his choice to keep his identity from his brothers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/09.md b/gen/42/09.md index 8ee9d28ab8..e64a7447e3 100644 --- a/gen/42/09.md +++ b/gen/42/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You are spies -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country. -## translationNotes +# You have come to see the undefended parts of the land -* **the dreams that he had dreamed** - See how you translated the similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:37:05]]. -* **You are spies** - Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country. -* **You came to see the undefended parts of the land** - "You came to find out where we are not guarding our land" -* **Your servants** - The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. +The full meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "You have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my master + +This is a way to refer to someone to honor them. + +# Your servants have + +The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "We, your servants, have" or "We have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/12.md b/gen/42/12.md index d96744999f..5ea7a20a76 100644 --- a/gen/42/12.md +++ b/gen/42/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to them -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Joseph said to his brothers" -## translationNotes +# No, you have come to see the undefended parts of the land -* **He said to them** - "Joseph said to his brothers" -* **No, but you have come to see the undefended parts of the land** - "No, you have come to find out where we are not guarding our land" -* **twelve brothers** - "12 brothers" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the youngest is this day with our father** - "today the youngest is with our father" -* **and one brother lives no longer** - "and one brother is no longer alive" +The full meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "No, you have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twelve brothers + +"12 brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# See, the youngest + +"Listen to us, the youngest." The word "See" is used to emphasize what they say next. + +# the youngest is this day with our father + +"right now our youngest brother is with our father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/14.md b/gen/42/14.md index 7889fd08b7..47b8b4c6ef 100644 --- a/gen/42/14.md +++ b/gen/42/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It is what I said to you; you are spies -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +"like I already said, you are spies." See how you translated "spies" in [Genesis 42:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# By this you will be tested -* **It is what I said to you; you are spies** - "Like I already said, you are spies." See how you translated "spies" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:42:09]]. -* **By this you will be tested** - Alternate translation: "This is how I will test you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **By the life of Pharaoh** - This phrase indicates a solemn oath. Alternate translation: "I swear by the life of Pharaoh" -* **Send one of yourselves and let him get your brother** - "Send one from among you to get your brother" -* **You will be bound that your words may be tested** - Alternate translation: "I will put the rest of you in prison so that I may find out if you are telling the truth" -* **or else by the life of Pharaoh surely you are spies** - "if not, by the life of Pharaoh, surely you are spies" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is how I will test you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# By the life of Pharaoh + +This phrase indicates a solemn oath. AT: "I swear by the life of Pharaoh" + +# Send one of yourselves and let him get your brother + +"Choose one of you to go get your brother" + +# You will remain in prison + +"The rest of you will remain in prison" + +# that your words may be tested, whether there is truth in you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that I may find out if you are telling the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in custody + +"in prison" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/18.md b/gen/42/18.md index 6cbf8fc3af..e93078ac05 100644 --- a/gen/42/18.md +++ b/gen/42/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# on the third day -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The word "third" is an ordinal number. AT: "after the second day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Do this and live -* **Do this and live** - "If you will do what I say, I will let you live" -* **let one of your brothers be confined in this prison** - Alternate translation: "leave one of your brothers here in prison" -* **but you go** - "but the rest of you go" -* **carry grain for the famine of your houses** - Alternate translation: "carry grain home to help your family during this famine" -* **so your words will be verified** - Alternate translation: "so I may know what you say is true." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "If you will do what I say, I will let you live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# fear God + +This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him. + +# let one of your brothers be confined in this prison + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "leave one of your brothers here in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but you go + +Here "you" is plural and refers to all the brothers that will not stay in prison. AT: "but the rest of you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# carry grain for the famine of your houses + +Here "houses" stands for families. AT: "carry grain home to help your family during this famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so your words will be verified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so I may know what you say is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will not die + +This implies that Joseph would have his soldiers execute the brothers if he finds out they are spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/21.md b/gen/42/21.md index cbe97ba39c..163cba6476 100644 --- a/gen/42/21.md +++ b/gen/42/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# in that we saw the distress of his soul -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +The word "soul" stands for Joseph. AT: "because we saw how distressed Joseph was" or "because we saw that Joseph was suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Therefore this distress has come upon us -* **in that we saw the distress of his soul** - The word "soul" to refer to Joseph. Alternate translation: "because we saw that Joseph was in distress." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **"Did I not tell you, 'Do not sin against the boy,' but you would not listen?** - Reuben uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "I told you not to hurt the boy, but you would not listen!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **his blood is required of us** - "blood" refers to Joseph's death. His brothers thought Joseph was dead. Alternate translation: "Now we are getting what we deserve for his death." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "distress" can be stated as the verb "suffering." AT: "That is why we are suffering like this now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Did I not tell you, 'Do not sin against the boy,' but you would not listen? + +Reuben uses a question to scold his brothers. AT: "I told you not to hurt the boy, but you would not listen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did I not tell you, 'Do not sin against the boy,' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Did I not tell you not to sin against the boy," or "I told you not to harm the boy," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Now, see + +Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but both "Now" and "see" are used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# his blood is required of us + +Here "blood" stands for Joseph's death. His brothers thought Joseph was dead. The phrase "is required of us" means they must be punished for what they did. AT: "we are getting what we deserve for his death" or "we are suffering for having killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/23.md b/gen/42/23.md index fe626f028a..db1c470d39 100644 --- a/gen/42/23.md +++ b/gen/42/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They did not know ... an interpreter between them -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +This shifts from the main storyline to background information that explains why the brothers thought Joseph could not understand them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# an interpreter -* **an interpreter** - An "interpreter" is someone who translates what one person says into another language. Joseph placed an interpreter between himself and his brothers to make it seem like he did not speak their language. -* **spoke to them** - Joseph was still speaking a different language and using the interpreter to speak to his brothers. -* **bound him before their eyes** - Here "eyes" refers to their sight. Alternate translation: "bound him in their sight" or "bound him as they watched." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to give them provisions** - "to give them the supplies they needed" -* **It was done for them** - "The servants did for them everything that Joseph commanded" +An "interpreter" is someone who translates what one person says into another language. Joseph placed an interpreter between himself and his brothers to make it seem like he did not speak their language. + +# He turned from them and wept + +It is implied that Joseph wept because he was emotional after hearing what his brothers said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# spoke to them + +Joseph was still speaking a different language and using the interpreter to speak to his brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bound him before their eyes + +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "bound him in their sight" or "bound him as they watched" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to give them provisions + +"to give them the supplies they needed" + +# It was done for them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The servants did for them everything that Joseph commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/26.md b/gen/42/26.md index cd2a0afe0a..9e7e492269 100644 --- a/gen/42/26.md +++ b/gen/42/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# As one of them opened his sack to give his donkey feed in the lodging place, he saw his money. Behold, it was in the opening of his sack -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +"When they stopped at a place for the night, one of the brothers opened his sack to get food for his donkey. In the sack he saw his money!" -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **As one of them opened his sack to give his donkey feed in the lodging place, he saw his money. Behold, it was in the opening of his sack.** - "When they stopped at a place for the night, one of the brothers opened his sack to get food for his donkey. In the sack he saw his money!" -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **My money has been put back** - Alternate translation: "Someone has put my money back." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Look at it; it is in my sack** - "Look in my sack!" -* **And their hearts sank** - Alternate translation: "And they became very afraid." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# My money has been put back + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone has put my money back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Look at it + +"Look in my sack!" + +# Their hearts sank + +To become afraid is spoken of as if their heart were sinking. Here "hearts" stands for courage. AT: "They became very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/29.md b/gen/42/29.md index 1f96af379f..0e794cd44c 100644 --- a/gen/42/29.md +++ b/gen/42/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# lord of the land -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +"the lord of Egypt" -## translationNotes +# spoke roughly -* **spoke roughly** - "spoke harshly" -* **we were spies** - See how you translated "spies" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:42:09]]. -* **One is no longer alive** - The word "brother" is understood. Alternate translation: "One brother is no longer alive." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **and the youngest is this day** - "and the youngest brother is now" +"spoke harshly" + +# we were spies + +Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country. See how you translated "spies" in [Genesis 42:9](./09.md). + +# We said to him, 'We are honest men. We are not spies. We are twelve brothers, sons of our father. One is no longer alive ... land of Canaan.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "We told him that we are honest men and not spies. We said that we are twelve brothers, sons of our father, and that one brother is no longer alive ... land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# One is no longer alive + +The word "brother" is understood. AT: "One brother is no longer alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the youngest is this day with our father + +The word "brother" is understood. AT: "the youngest brother is with our father right now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/33.md b/gen/42/33.md index 1cc1654d8a..001797d2a6 100644 --- a/gen/42/33.md +++ b/gen/42/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the lord of the land -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +"The lord of Egypt" -## translationNotes +# take grain for the famine in your houses -* **take grain for the famine in your houses** - Alternate translation: "take grain home to help your family during the famine" -* **go your way** - "go" or "leave" -* **and you will trade in the land** - "and I will allow you to buy and sell in this land" +Here "houses" stands for "family." AT: "take grain to help your family during the famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# go your way + +"go home" or "leave" + +# you will trade in the land + +"I will allow you to buy and sell in this land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/35.md b/gen/42/35.md index 93332c3d4b..0cd8fc94cb 100644 --- a/gen/42/35.md +++ b/gen/42/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# behold -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw. Alternate translation: "to their surprise" -* **bundles of money** - "bags of silver coins" -* **You have bereaved me of my children** - "You have deprived me of my children" or "You have caused me to lose two of my children" -* **All these things are against me** - "All these things hurt me" +"to their surprise." The word "behold" here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw. + +# You have bereaved me of my children + +"you have deprived me of my children" or "you have caused me to lose two of my children" + +# All these things are against me + +"all these things hurt me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/37.md b/gen/42/37.md index 0444470bf5..9041a98298 100644 --- a/gen/42/37.md +++ b/gen/42/37.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Put him in my hands -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +This is a request for Reuben to take Joseph with him and to care for him on the journey. AT: "Put me in charge of him" or "Let me take care of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# My son will not go down with you -* **Put him under my authority** - "Put me in charge of him" -* **My son will not go down with you** - "My son will not go with you to Egypt." In 42:8 the word "you" is plural and refers to Jacob's older sons. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **For his brother is dead and he alone is left** - The full meaning can be made explicit: "For my wife, Rachel, only had two children. Joseph is dead and Benjamin is the only one left." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **then you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol** - Here "gray hair" refers to Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Also, "bring down...to Sheol" is another way of saying "cause to die." Alternate translation: "then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +It was common to use the phrase "go down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. AT: "My son, Benjamin, will not go with you to Egypt" + +# with you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to Jacob's older sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# For his brother is dead and he alone is left + +The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "For my wife, Rachel, only had two children. Joseph is dead and Benjamin is the only one left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on the road in which you go + +"while you a traveling to Egypt and back" or "while you are away." Here "road" stands for traveling. + +# then you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol + +To "bring down ... to Sheol" is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word "down" because it was commonly believed sheol is somewhere underground. AT: "then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my gray hair + +This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. AT: "me, an old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/intro.md b/gen/42/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ce8641139 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/42/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 42 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Famine ##### +Apparently this famine extended beyond Egypt and encompassed the land of Canaan too. Because of Egypt's size and power, it would not have been unusual for people to go there in times of need. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Joseph's test ##### +Joseph tests his brothers to see if they are good. They treat their brother Benjamin better than they treated Joseph and tried to protect him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 42:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../41/intro.md) | [>>](../43/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/01.md b/gen/43/01.md index fad5ac9e30..fa0503c002 100644 --- a/gen/43/01.md +++ b/gen/43/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The famine was severe in the land -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] +The word "Canaan" is understood. This information can be made explicit. AT: "The famine was severe in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# It came about -* **The famine was severe in the land** - "The famine was severe in the land of Canaan" -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **when they had eaten** - "when Jacob and his family had eaten" -* **they had brought** - "Jacob's older sons" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# when they had eaten + +"when Jacob and his family had eaten" + +# they had brought + +"Jacob's older sons had brought" + +# buy us + +Here "us" refers to Jacob, his sons, and the rest of the family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/03.md b/gen/43/03.md index 6b92918d8a..9bd365cca7 100644 --- a/gen/43/03.md +++ b/gen/43/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Judah told him -* [[en:tw:judah]] +"Judah told his father Jacob" -## translationNotes +# The man -* **Judah told him** - "Judah told his father Jacob" -* **solemnly warned us** - "was very serious when he warned us saying" -* **your brother is with you** - Judah is referring to Benjamin, Rachel's last born before she died. -* **You will not see my face** - Judah uses this phrase twice in 43:3-5 to emphasize to his father that they cannot return to Egypt without Benjamin. The phrase "my face" refers to the man, who is Joseph. Alternate translation: "You will not see me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **For the man** - "for the man in command of all the food sales" +This refers to Joseph, but the brothers did not know it was Joseph. They referred to him as "the man" or "the man, the lord of the land" as in [Genesis 42:30](../42/29.md). + +# warned us, 'You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "warned us that we would not see his face unless we brought our youngest brother with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# solemnly warned us + +"was very serious when he warned us, saying" + +# You will not see my face + +Judah uses this phrase twice in 43:3-5 to emphasize to his father that they cannot return to Egypt without Benjamin. The phrase "my face" refers to the man, who is Joseph. AT: "You will not see me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your brother is with you + +Judah is referring to Benjamin, Rachel's last born before she died. + +# we will not go down + +It was common to use the phrase "go down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/06.md b/gen/43/06.md index 6d712f85cd..f3a3682e3c 100644 --- a/gen/43/06.md +++ b/gen/43/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Why did you treat me so badly -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +"Why did you cause me so much trouble" -## translationNotes +# The man asked details -* **Why did you treat me so badly as to tell the man that you had another brother?** - Israel uses a question to scold his sons. Alternate translation: "You should not have told the man that you have another brother and caused me all of this trouble!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The man asked details** - "The man asked many questions" -* **We answered him according to these questions** - "We answered the questions he asked us" -* **How could we have known that he would say** - The sons use a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "We did not know he would say." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"The man asked many questions" + +# about us + +Here "us" is exclusive and refers to the brothers who went to Egypt and spoke with "the man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# He said, 'Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "He asked us directly if our father was still alive and if we had another brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# We answered him according to these questions + +"We answered the questions he asked us" + +# How could we have known that he would say ... down? + +The sons use a question emphasize that the did not know what the man would tell them to do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We did not know he would say ... down!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he would say, 'Bring your brother down?' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "he would tell us to bring our brother down to Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Bring your brother down + +It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/08.md b/gen/43/08.md index d2fc41bc82..42503db4af 100644 --- a/gen/43/08.md +++ b/gen/43/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# We will rise and go that we may live and not die, both we, you, and also our children -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +The phrases "we may live" and "not die" mean the same thing. Judah is emphasizing that they have to buy food in Egypt in order to survive. AT: "We will go now to Egypt and get grain so our whole family will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# We will rise -* **We will rise and go that we may live and not die, both we, you, and also our children** - "We will go now to Egypt and get grain so our whole family will live" -* **I will be a guarantee for him** - "I will promise to bring him back" -* **You will hold me responsible** - "You will make me answer to you about what happens to Benjamin" -* **let me bear the blame** - "you may blame me" -* **we would have come back here a second time ** - "we would have returned twice" -* **For if we had not delayed** - Judah is describing something that could have happened in the past but did not. Judah is scolding his father for waiting so long to send his sons to Egypt to get more food. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +Here "We" refers to the brothers who will travel to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# we may live + +Here "we" refers to the brothers, Israel, and the whole family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# both we + +Here "we" refers to the brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# we, you + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# also our children + +Here "our" refers to the brothers. This refers to the small children who were most likely to die during a famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# I will be a guarantee for him + +The abstract noun "guarantee" can be stated as the verb "promise." AT: "I will promise to bring him back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# You will hold me responsible + +How Jacob will hold Judah responsible can be stated clearly. AT: "You will make me answer to you about what happens to Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let me bear the blame + +This speaks about "blame" as if it were an object that a person has to carry. AT: "you may blame me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For if we had not delayed + +Judah is describing something that could have happened in the past but did not. Judah is scolding his father for waiting so long to send his sons to Egypt to get more food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# we would have come back here a second time + +"we would have returned twice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/11.md b/gen/43/11.md index ee2f6783c3..89b53045fd 100644 --- a/gen/43/11.md +++ b/gen/43/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# If it be so, now do this -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +"If this is our only choice, then do it" -## translationNotes +# Carry down -* **If it be so, now do this** - "If this is our only choice, then do it" -* **balm...spices and myrrh** - See how you translated these words in [[en:bible:notes:gen:37:25]]. -* **honey** - a sweet substance made by bees -* **pistachio nuts** - a small, green tree nut -* **almonds** - a tree nut with a sweet flavor -* **take double money in your hand** - "take double the money with you" -* **The money that was returned in the opening of your sacks, carry again in your hand** - "Take back to Egypt the money you found in your sacks" +It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. + +# balm + +an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. See how you translated this word in [Genesis 37:25](../37/25.md). AT: "medicine" + +# spices + +"seasonings." See how you translated these words in [Genesis 37:25](../37/25.md). + +# pistachio nuts + +a small, green tree nut (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# almonds + +a tree nut with a sweet flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Take double money in your hand + +Here "hand" stands for the whole person. AT: "Take double the money with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The money that was returned in the opening of your sacks, carry again in your hand + +Here "hand" stands for the whole person. The phrase "that was returned" can be stated in active form. AT: "take back to Egypt the money someone put in your sacks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/13.md b/gen/43/13.md index 798deaec6d..6bf3c80f5a 100644 --- a/gen/43/13.md +++ b/gen/43/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Take also your brother -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +"Take also Benjamin" -## translationNotes +# go again -* **Take also your brother** - "Take also Benjamin" -* **go again** - "return" -* **your other brother** - "Simeon" -* **If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved** - "If I lose my children, then I lose my children." This means that Jacob knows he must accept whatever happens to his sons. -* **double money in their hand** - "double the money with them" +"return" + +# May God Almighty give you mercy before the man + +The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as the adjective "kind." AT: "May God Almighty cause the man to be kind to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your other brother + +"Simeon" + +# If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved + +"If I lose my children, then I lose my children." This means that Jacob knows he must accept whatever happens to his sons. + +# in their hand they took + +Here "hand" refers to the entire person. AT: "they took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# went down to Egypt + +It was common to use the phrase "went down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/16.md b/gen/43/16.md index 9852f78e7f..6901072164 100644 --- a/gen/43/16.md +++ b/gen/43/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Benjamin with them -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] +"Benjamin with Joseph's older brothers" -## translationNotes +# the steward of his house -* **Benjamin with them** - "Benjamin with Joseph's older brothers" -* ** the steward of his house** - the "steward" was responsible for managing Joseph's household activities. -* **to Joseph's house** - "into Joseph's house" +The "steward" was responsible for managing Joseph's household activities. + +# He brought the men + +Here "brought" can be translated as "took." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# to Joseph's house + +"into Joseph's house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/18.md b/gen/43/18.md index 1360c8f64a..702fe57268 100644 --- a/gen/43/18.md +++ b/gen/43/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The men were afraid -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Joseph's brothers were afraid" -## translationNotes +# they were brought to Joseph's house -* **The men were afraid ** - "Joseph's brothers were afraid" -* **to Joseph's house** - "into Joseph's house" -* **It is because of the money that was returned in our sacks the first time** - Alternate translation: "This is happening because of the money that someone put back in our sacks the first time we were here." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* ** that he** - "that Joseph" -* **we were brought in, that he may seek an opportunity against us** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "They are bringing us in here so that he may have the chance to accuse us." -* **they went near to the steward** - "they approached the steward" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they were going into Joseph's house" or "the steward was taking them into Joseph's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It is because of the money that was returned in our sacks the first time we were brought in + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The steward is bringing us into the house because of the money that someone put back in our sacks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that he may seek an opportunity against us. He might arrest us + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "He is waiting for the opportunity to accuse us, so that he might arrest us" + +# we came down + +It is common to use the phrase "came down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/21.md b/gen/43/21.md index cce2e42c18..94a9a745d3 100644 --- a/gen/43/21.md +++ b/gen/43/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +The brothers continue speaking to the steward of the house. -## translationNotes +# It came about -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **when we reached to the lodging place** - "when we came to the place that we were going to stay for the night" -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw. -* **every man’s money was in the opening of his sack, our money in full weight** - "every man found the full amount of his money in his sack" -* **we have brought it back in our hands** - "So we have brought the money back with us" -* **other money** - "More money" +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# when we reached the lodging place + +"when we came to the place that we were going to stay for the night" + +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw. + +# every man's money was in the opening of his sack, our money in full weight + +"each one of us found the full amount of his money in his sack" + +# We have brought it back in our hands + +Here "hands" stands for the whole person. AT: "We have brought the money back with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Other money we have also brought down in our hand to buy food + +Here "hand" stands for the whole person. AT: "We have also brought more money to buy food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# brought down + +It common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. + +# Peace be to you + +The abstract noun "Peace" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Relax" or "Calm yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Your God and the God of your father + +The stewards is not speaking about two different Gods. AT: "Your God, the God your father worships" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/24.md b/gen/43/24.md index fd4d784694..2fbfe53e84 100644 --- a/gen/43/24.md +++ b/gen/43/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# washed their feet -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] +This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# feed to their donkeys -* **washed their feet** - This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. -* **feed to their donkeys** - dry food that is set aside for animals. +"Feed" is dry food that is set aside for animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/26.md b/gen/43/26.md index cc754ec0a3..f1318e497d 100644 --- a/gen/43/26.md +++ b/gen/43/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# they brought the gifts which were in their hand -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:father]] +Here "hand" stands for the entire person. AT: "the brothers brought the gifts they had with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# bowed down before him -* **they brought the gifts which were in their hand** - "the brothers brought the gifts that were in their possession" +This is a way of showing honor and respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/28.md b/gen/43/28.md index b01dbb59f1..ffaeee2829 100644 --- a/gen/43/28.md +++ b/gen/43/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Your servant our father -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +They refer to their father as "Your servant" to show respect. AT: "Our father who serves you" -## translationNotes +# They prostrated and bowed down -* **he lifted up his eyes** - This means "He looked up." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his mother's son, saying** - This could be translated with a new sentence: "his mother's son. Joseph said." -* **Is this your youngest brother...** - Possible meanings are 1) "It is a rhetorical question with the alternate translation: 'So this is your youngest brother...'." 2) "Joseph sought confirmation that the man was indeed Benjamin, his brother." -* **God be gracious** - "May God be gracious" -* **my son** - This is a friendly way one man speaks to another man of lower rank. +These words basically mean the same thing. They laid down in front of the man to show him respect. AT: "They bowed down in front of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# he lifted up his eyes + +This means "he looked up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his mother's son, and he said + +This can be translated with a new sentence. AT: "his mother's son. Joseph said" + +# Is this your youngest brother ... me? + +Possible meanings are 1) Joseph is truly asking a question to confirm that this man is Benjamin, or 2) it is a rhetorical question. AT: "So this is your youngest brother ... me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my son + +This is a friendly way one man speaks to another man of lower rank. AT: "young man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/30.md b/gen/43/30.md index 77d63fc7f2..bf3b0591c8 100644 --- a/gen/43/30.md +++ b/gen/43/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# hurried to go out of the room -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"hurried out of the room" -## translationNotes +# for he was deeply moved about his brother -* **hurried to go out of the room** - "hurried out" -* **for he was deeply moved about his brother** - The phrase "deeply moved" refers to a strong feeling or emotion a person gets when something important happens. Alternate translation: "for he had strong feelings of compassion for his brother" or "for he had strong feelings of affection for his brother." -* **saying** - "and said" +The phrase "deeply moved" refers to having a strong feeling or emotion when something important happens. AT: "for he had strong feelings of compassion for his brother" or "for he had strong feelings of affection for his brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# saying + +It can be made explicit to whom Joseph is speaking. AT: "and said to his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Serve the food + +This means to distribute the food so that people may eat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/32.md b/gen/43/32.md index 0cf9cc7d8b..21a25c7714 100644 --- a/gen/43/32.md +++ b/gen/43/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves. The Egyptians there ate with him by themselves -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:birthright]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This means that Joseph, the brothers, and the other Egyptians are eating in three different places within the same room. AT: "The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves and the Egyptians, who were eating with him, by themselves" -## translationNotes +# The Egyptians there ate with him by themselves -* **The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves. The Egyptians there ate with him by themselves** - “The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves and the Egyptians, who were eating with him, by themselves" -* **because the Egyptians could not eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is detestable to the Egyptians** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "They did this because the Egyptians thought it was shameful to eat with the Hebrews." -* **The men were astonished together** - "The men were very surprised when they realized this" +These are probably other Egyptian officials who ate with Joseph, but they still sat separately from him and the Hebrew brothers. + +# because the Egyptians could not eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is detestable to the Egyptians + +This can be translated as a new sentence: "They did this because the Egyptians thought it was shameful to eat with the Hebrews" + +# could not eat bread + +Here "bread" stands for food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The brothers sat before him + +It is implied that Joseph had arranged where each brother would sit. You can make clear the implied information. AT: "The brothers sat across from the man, according to how he arranged their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth + +The "firstborn" and the "youngest" are used together to mean all the brothers were sitting in order according to their age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# The men were astonished together + +"The men were very surprised when they realized this" + +# But Benjamin's portion was five times as much as any of his brothers + +The phrase "five times" can be stated more generally. AT: "But Benjamin received a portion that was much bigger than what his brothers received" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/intro.md b/gen/43/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..410d110a2d --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/43/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Genesis 43 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's concern ##### +Israel is concerned over his favored son, Benjamin. He is also confused about the reason the Egyptian official treated them so kindly. This caused him some concern. It is possible he thought his sons were lying to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 43:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../42/intro.md) | [>>](../44/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/01.md b/gen/44/01.md index 7724dbca4a..59f2f555ae 100644 --- a/gen/44/01.md +++ b/gen/44/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This begins a new event in the story. Most likely this is the next morning after the feast. -## translationNotes +# steward of his house -* **every man’s money** - These were silver coins most likely in a small sack. -* **in his sack’s opening** - "in his sack" -* **Put my cup, the silver cup** - "Put my silver cup" -* **in the sack’s opening of the youngest** - "in the youngest brother's sack" +The "steward" was responsible for managing Joseph's household activities. + +# every man's money + +Their money was silver coins most likely in a small bag. + +# in his sack's opening + +"in his sack" + +# Put my cup, the silver cup + +"Put my silver cup" + +# in the sack's opening of the youngest + +The word "brother" is understood. AT: "in the youngest brother's sack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/03.md b/gen/44/03.md index fe9d1716d2..05804b788e 100644 --- a/gen/44/03.md +++ b/gen/44/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The morning dawned -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] +"The morning light shown" -## translationNotes +# the men were sent away, they and their donkeys -* **The morning dawned** - "The morning light shown" -* **the men were sent away, they and their donkeys** - "the men, with their donkeys, were sent on their way" -* **Why have you returned evil for good?** - "Why have you treated us badly after we were good to you?" -* **Is this not cup from which my lord drinks, and the cup that he uses for divination?** - The steward uses a question to scold the brothers. Alternate translation: "This is the cup that my lord uses for drinking and for fortune telling." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **You have done evil, this thing that you have done.** - "What you have done is evil" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they sent the men away, along with their donkeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Why have you returned evil for good? + +This question is used to scold the brothers. AT: "You have treated us badly, after we were good to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is this not the cup from which my master drinks, and the cup that he uses for divination? + +This question is used to scold the brothers. AT: "You already know that this is the cup that my master uses for drinking and for fortune telling!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You have done evil, this thing that you have done + +This repeats "you have done" for emphasis. AT: "What you have done is very evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/06.md b/gen/44/06.md index 08432bf2e9..b6bf5c8d0a 100644 --- a/gen/44/06.md +++ b/gen/44/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# spoke these words to them -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"spoke what Joseph told him to say" -## translationNotes +# Why does my master speak such words as these? -* **Why does my lord speak such words as these** - The brothers refer to the steward as "my lord." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "Why are you saying this, my lord?" -* **Far be it from your servants that they would do such a thing** - The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants" and "they." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "We would never do such a thing." +Here "words" stands for what was said. The brothers refer to the steward as "my master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the second person. AT: "Why are you saying this, my master?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Far be it from your servants that they would do such a thing + +The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants" and "they." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "We would never do such a thing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Far be it from your servants + +Something that a person would never do is spoken of as if it were an object that person wants to put very far from himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/08.md b/gen/44/08.md index 234e9aba60..fd97be0393 100644 --- a/gen/44/08.md +++ b/gen/44/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This adds emphasis to what the brothers say next. -## translationNotes +# the money that we found in our sacks' openings -* **Look, the money that we found in our sacks’ openings** - "You know the money that we found in our sacks" -* **we brought again to you out of the land of Canaan** - "we brought back to you from Canaan!" -* **How then could we steal out of your lord’s house silver or gold?** - The brothers use a question to emphasize that they would not steal from the lord of Egypt. Alternate translation: "So we would never take anything from your lord's house!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **With whomever of your servants it is found** - The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "If you find that one of us has stolen the cup." -* **we also will be my lord’s slaves** - The phrase "my lord" refers to the steward. Alternate translation: "you may take us as your slaves." -* **Now also let it be according to your words** - "Very well. I will do what you said" +"you know the money that we found in our sacks" + +# we brought again to you out of the land of Canaan + +"we brought back to you from Canaan" + +# How then could we steal out of your master's house silver or gold? + +The brothers use a question to emphasize that they would not steal from the lord of Egypt. AT: "So we would never take anything from your master's house!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# silver or gold + +These words are used together to mean that they would not steal anything of any value. + +# With whomever of your servants it is found + +The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the first person. Also, "is is found" can be stated in active form. AT: "If you find that one of us has stolen the cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we also will be my master's slaves + +The phrase "my master" refers to the steward. This can be stated in the second person. AT: "you may take us as your slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Now also let it be according to your words + +"Very well. I will do what you said." Here "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# He with whom the cup is found will be my slave + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If I find the cup in one of your sacks, that person will be my slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/11.md b/gen/44/11.md index 2098f7f825..09bd664be6 100644 --- a/gen/44/11.md +++ b/gen/44/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# brought his sack down -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] +"lowered his sack" -## translationNotes +# the oldest ... the youngest -* **brought his sack down** - "lowered his sack" -* **the oldest…the youngest** - The word "brother" is understood. Alternate translation: "the oldest brother…the youngest brother." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **and the cup was found in Benjamin’s sack** - This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "The steward found the cup in Benjamin's sack." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Then they tore their clothes** - The word "they" refers to the brothers. See how you translated the similar phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:gen:37:29]]. -* **and returned** - "and they returned" +The word "brother" is understood. AT: "the oldest brother ... the youngest brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# youngest, and the cup was found in Benjamin's sack + +This can be translated as a new sentence and in active form. AT: "youngest. The steward found the cup in Benjamin's sack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then they tore their clothes + +The word "they" refers to the brothers. Tearing clothes was a sign of great distress and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# returned + +"they returned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/14.md b/gen/44/14.md index 154fb2959a..7b1504347d 100644 --- a/gen/44/14.md +++ b/gen/44/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He was still there -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +"Joseph was still there" -## translationNotes +# they bowed before him -* ** He was still there** - "Joseph was still there" -* **they bowed before him** - "they fell before him" -* **Do you not know that a man like me practices divination?** - Joseph uses a question to scold his brothers. Alternate translation: "Surely you know that a man like me can learn things by magic!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"they fell before him." This is a sign of the brothers wanting the lord to be merciful to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Do you not know that a man like me practices divination? + +Joseph uses a question to scold his brothers. AT: "Surely you know that a man like me can learn things by magic!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/16.md b/gen/44/16.md index 5d65e80111..ddda7926c2 100644 --- a/gen/44/16.md +++ b/gen/44/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# What can we say to my master? What can we speak? Or how can we justify ourselves? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +All 3 questions mean basically the same thing. They use these questions to emphasize that there is nothing they can say to explain what happened. AT: "We have nothing to say, my master. We cannot speak anything of value. We cannot justify ourselves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# What can we say to my master ... my master's slaves -* **my lord** - This refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "What can we say to you, my lord?" -* **God has found out the iniquity of your servants** - Here "found out" does not mean God just found out what the brothers did. It means God is now punishing them for what they did. Alternate translation: "God is punishing us for our past sins" -* **and he also in whose hand the cup was found** - Alternate translation: "and the one who had your cup" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Far be it from me that I should do so** - "It is not like me to do something like that" -* **The man in whose hand the cup was found** - Alternate translation: "The man who had my cup." +Here "my master" refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in second person. AT: "What can we say to you ... your slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# God has found out the iniquity of your servants + +Here "found out" does not mean God just found out what the brothers did. It means God is now punishing them for what they did. AT: "God is punishing us for our past sins" + +# the iniquity of your servants + +The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in first person. AT: "our iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he also in whose hand the cup was found + +Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Also, "was found" can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who had your cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Far be it from me that I should do so + +Something that a person would never do is spoken of as if it were an object the person wants put far away from him. AT: "It is not like me to do something like that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The man in whose hand the cup was found + +Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Also, "was found" can be stated in active form. AT: "The man who had my cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/18.md b/gen/44/18.md index 4ccc6aaedb..2e37e328ce 100644 --- a/gen/44/18.md +++ b/gen/44/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# came near to -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"approached" -## translationNotes +# let your servant -* **came near to** - "approached" -* **let your servant** - Judah refers to himself as "your servant." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. Alternate tranlsation: "let me, your servant" -* **speak a word in my lord’s ears** - "speak to you, my lord" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **do let your anger burn against your servant** - "please do not be angry with me, your servant." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **for you are just like Pharaoh** - "for you are as powerful as Pharaoh" or "for you are equal to Pharaoh" -* **My lord asked his servants** - Judah refers to Joseph with the words "my lord" and "his." He also refers to himself and his brothers as "his servants." Alternate translation: "You, my lord, asked us, your servants" or "You asked us" +Judah refers to himself as "your servant." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in first person. AT: "let me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# speak a word in my master's ears + +The word "ear" is a synecdoche that stands for the whole person. AT: "speak to you, my master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in my master's ears + +Here "my master" refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in second person. AT: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# do let your anger burn against your servant + +Being angry is spoke of as if it were a burning fire. AT: "please do not be angry with me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for you are just like Pharaoh + +Judah compares the master to Pharaoh to emphasize the great power that the master has. He is also implying that he does want the master to become angry and execute him. AT: "for you are as powerful as Pharaoh and could have your soldiers kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# My master asked his servants, saying, 'Do you have a father or a brother?' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "My master asked us if we have a father or a brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# My master asked his servants + +Judah refers to Joseph with the words "my master" and "his." He also refers to himself and his brothers as "his servants." AT: "You, my master, asked us, your servants" or "You asked us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/20.md b/gen/44/20.md index 2b9630b241..251b0bb12d 100644 --- a/gen/44/20.md +++ b/gen/44/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Judah continues to speak before Joseph -## translationNotes +# We said to my master, 'We have a father ... his father loves him.' -* Judah continues to speak before Joseph -* **we said to my lord** - Judah refers to Joseph as "my lord." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "we said to you, my lord" -* **And you said to your servants** - Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." Alternate translation: "Then you said to us, your servants." +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "And we said to my master that we have a father ... his father loves him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# we said to my master + +Judah refers to Joseph as "my master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "we said to you, my master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# his father loves him + +This refers to love for a friend or family member. + +# Then you said to your servants, 'Bring him down to me that I may see him.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "And you said to your servants that we should bring our youngest brother to you so that you may see him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Then you said to your servants + +Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." AT: "Then you said to us, your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Bring him down to me + +It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. AT: "Bring him to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# After that, we said to my master, 'The boy cannot ... father would die.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "In response, we said to my master that the boy cannot ... father would die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# his father would die + +It is implied that their father would die from sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/23.md b/gen/44/23.md index acabb1e6d6..c9778890e2 100644 --- a/gen/44/23.md +++ b/gen/44/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Judah continues his story to Joseph -## translationNotes +# Then you said to your servants, 'Unless your youngest brother comes down with you, you will not see my face again.' -* Judah continues his story to Joseph -* **And you said to your servants** - Judah refers to himself and his brothers as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “Then you said to us, your servants.” -* **you will not see my face** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:43:03]]. -* **And it came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **we told him the words of my lord** - Judah refers to Joseph as "my lord." Alternate translation: "we told him what you said, my lord." +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then you said to your servants that unless our youngest brother comes with us, we would not see you again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Then you said to your servants + +Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "Then you said to us, your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# comes down ... go down + +It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. + +# you will not see my face again + +Here "face" stands for the whole person. AT: "you will not see me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Then it came about + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# we went up to your servant my father + +It was common to use the phrase "went up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. + +# we told him the words of my master + +Judah refers to Joseph as "my master." AT: "we told him what you said, my master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Our father said, 'Go again, buy us some food.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Our father told us to go again to Egypt to buy food for us and our families." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Then we said, 'We cannot go down. If our youngest brother ... is with us.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then we said to him that we cannot go down to Egypt. We told him that if our youngest brother is with us ... is with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# to see the man's face + +Here "face" stands for the whole person. AT: "to see the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/27.md b/gen/44/27.md index dfdc955b1a..4ebfe115a6 100644 --- a/gen/44/27.md +++ b/gen/44/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Judah continues his story to Joseph -## translationNotes +# said to us, 'You know that my wife bore me two sons. One of them went out from me and I said, "Surely he is torn in pieces, and I have not seen him since." Now if you also take this one from me, and harm comes to him, you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol.' -* Judah continues his story to Joseph -* **said to us** - "us" does not include Joseph. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **you know** - "you"refers to Judah. -* **And if you take this one also from me ** - "you" refers to Judah, "this one" refers to Benjamin, and "me" refers to Jacob. -* **you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to sheol** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:42:37]]. +This has a two level and three level quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. AT: "said to us that we know that his wife, Rachel, bore him only two sons, and that one of them went out and an animal tore him to pieces, and he has not seen him since. Then he said that if we take his other son and something bad happens to him, then we would cause him to die of sorrow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# said to us + +Here "us" does not include Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# You know + +Here "You" is plural and refers to the brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# he is torn in pieces + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a wild animal has torn him to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# harm comes to him + +Something bad happening to a person is spoken of as if "harm" were something that travels and comes to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol + +To "bring down ... to Sheol" is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word "down" because it was commonly believed Sheol is somewhere underground. AT: "then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my gray hair + +This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. AT: "me, an old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/30.md b/gen/44/30.md index 5d9e21244d..e73822c8c1 100644 --- a/gen/44/30.md +++ b/gen/44/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# therefore, when I come ... sorrow to Sheol -* **Now, therefore, when I come** - Judah is describing to Joseph a realistic but hypothetical case of what he will expect will happen to Jacob when he returns without Benjamin. -* **the lad is not with us** - "the boy is not with us" -* **since his life is bound up in the boy’s life** - "since he said he would die if the boy did not come back" -* **it will come about** - Judah is speaking about a hypothecial case in the future as if it would certainly happen. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **And your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father with sorrow to Sheol** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:42:37]]. -* **And your servants** - Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "And we, your servants" or "And we." -* **For your servant** - Judah refers to himself as "your servant." Alternate translation: "For I, your servant" or "For I." -* **became a guarantee for the boy to my father** - "made a promise about the boy to my father" -* **then I will bear the guilt to my father** - "then my father may blame me" +Judah is describing to Joseph a realistic but hypothetical case of what he will expect will happen to Jacob when he returns without Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# when I come to your servant + +Here "come" can be translated as "go" or "return." + +# the lad is not with us + +"the boy is not with us" + +# since his life is bound up in the boy's life + +The father saying he would die if his son died is spoken of as if their two lives were physically bound together. AT: "since he said he would die if the boy did not come back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will come about + +Judah is speaking about a hypothetical case in the future as if it would certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father with sorrow to Sheol + +To "bring down ... to Sheol" is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word "down" because it was commonly believed Sheol is somewhere underground. AT: "And we will have caused our old father to die of sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Your servants + +Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "And we, your servants" or "And we" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the gray hair of your servant our father + +Here "gray hair" stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. AT: "our old father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# For your servant became a guarantee for the boy to my father + +The abstract noun "guarantee" can be stated with the verb "promised." AT: "For I promised my father concerning the boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For your servant + +Judah refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "For I, your servant" or "For I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# then I will bear the guilt to my father + +Being considered guilty is spoken of as if "guilt" were something that a person carries. AT: "then my father may blame me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/33.md b/gen/44/33.md index 4d9a5377b7..eb3ea50a8d 100644 --- a/gen/44/33.md +++ b/gen/44/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# let your servant -* **let your servant** - Judah refers to himself as "your servant." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "let me, your servant" or "let me." -* **to my lord** - Judah refers to Joseph as "my lord." Alternate translation: "to you, my lord" or "to you." -* **For how can I go up to my father if the boy is not with me?** - Judah uses a question to emphasize the grief he would have if Benjamin did not return home. Alternate translation: "I cannot return to my father if the boy is not with me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Judah refers to himself as "your servant." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "let me, your servant" or "let me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# to my master + +Judah refers to Joseph as "my master." AT: "to you, my master" or "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# let the boy go up + +It was going to use the phrase "go up" when speaking about traveling from Egypt to Canaan. + +# For how can I go up to my father if the boy is not with me? + +Judah uses a question to emphasize the grief he would have if Benjamin did not return home. AT: "I cannot return to my father if the boy is not with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I am afraid to see the evil that would come on my father + +A person suffering terribly is spoken of as if "evil" were a thing that comes upon a person. AT: "I am afraid to see how much my father would suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/intro.md b/gen/44/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3bd5ea8366 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/44/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Genesis 44 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judah's sacrifice ##### +Judah is willing to sacrifice himself in order to save Benjamin, the favored son of Jacob. Judah's descendants will become the leaders of the Israelites and the godliest of the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Joseph's test ##### + +Joseph tests his brothers to see if they are good. They treat their brother Benjamin better than they treated Joseph and tried to protect him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 44:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../43/intro.md) | [>>](../45/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/01.md b/gen/45/01.md index 8450be26f2..0f9138d2df 100644 --- a/gen/45/01.md +++ b/gen/45/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# could not control himself -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This means he could not control his emotions. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "was about to start crying" -## translationNotes +# by him -* **by him** - "near him" -* **house of Pharaoh** - "household of Pharaoh" or "everyone in Pharaoh's palace" -* **shocked in his presence** - "terrified of him" +"near him" + +# house of Pharaoh + +Here "house" stands for the people in the Pharaoh's palace. AT: "everyone in Pharaoh's palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# shocked in his presence + +"terrified of him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/04.md b/gen/45/04.md index 79eedc85b7..a6be56122d 100644 --- a/gen/45/04.md +++ b/gen/45/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# whom you sold into Egypt -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] +The meaning can be stated more explicitly. AT: "whom you sold as a slave to the trader who brought me to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not be grieved -* **whom you sold into Egypt** - Alternate translation: "whom you sold as a slave and sent to Egypt" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **do not be grieved** - "do not be upset" or "do not be distressed" -* **to preserve life** - "so I could save lives" -* **there are still five years in which there will be neither plowing nor harvest** - "there will be five more years without planting or harvesting." Alternate translation: "and the famine will last five more years" +"do not be upset" or "do not be distressed" + +# that you sold me here + +The meaning can be stated more explicitly. AT: "that you sold me as a slave and sent me here to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to preserve life + +Here "life" stands for the people that Joseph saved from dying during the famine. AT: "so I could save many lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there are still five years in which there will be neither plowing nor harvest + +"there will be five more years without planting or harvesting." Here "neither plowing nor harvest" stands for the fact that the crops still will not grow because of the famine. AT: "and the famine will last five more years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/07.md b/gen/45/07.md index eece6dc90e..6ed7356f6a 100644 --- a/gen/45/07.md +++ b/gen/45/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# to preserve you as a remnant in the earth -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +"so that you and your families would not completely perish from the earth" or "to make sure your descendants would survive" -## translationNotes +# to keep you alive by a great deliverance -* **to preserve you as a remnant in the earth** - "to save for you a remnant in the earth" or "to make sure your descendants would survive" (UDB) -* **with a great deliverance** - "by delivering you in a mighty way" -* **he has made me a father to Pharaoh** - Joseph is compared to a father because he advised and helped guide Pharaoh like a father does a son. Alternate translation: "he has made me a guide to Pharaoh" or "he has made me the chief adviser to Pharaoh." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **of all his house** - "of all his household" or "of all his palace" +The abstract noun "deliverance" can be stated as "rescuing." AT: "to keep you alive by rescuing you in a mighty way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he has made me a father to Pharaoh + +Joseph advising and helping Pharaoh is spoken of as if Joseph were Pharaoh's father. AT: "he has made me a guide to Pharaoh" or "he has made me the chief adviser to Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of all his house + +Here "house" stands for the people who live in his palace. AT: "of all his household" or "of all his palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# ruler of all the land of Egypt + +Here "land" stands for the people. AT: "ruler over all the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# ruler + +Here Joseph means that he is ruler in second place to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. This understood information can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/09.md b/gen/45/09.md index acf442b477..f2c4946657 100644 --- a/gen/45/09.md +++ b/gen/45/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# go up to my father -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goshen]] -* [[en:tw:household]] +It was common to use the phrase "go up" when speaking about going from Egypt to Canaan. AT: "go back to my father" -## translationNotes +# say to him, 'This is what your son Joseph says, "God has ... all that you have -* **go up** - "go back" or "go north" -* **come down** - "come here" or "come south" -* **come to poverty** - "waste away" or "starve" +This is a quotation with three layers. It can be simplified to two layers. AT: "tell him that this is what I said: 'God has ... all that you have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Come down to me + +It was common to use the phrase "come down" when speaking about going from Canaan to Egypt. AT: "Come here to me" + +# come to poverty + +This speaks about "poverty" as if it were a destination. AT: "waste away" or "starve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/12.md b/gen/45/12.md index 2590d680ec..6a6027cc7f 100644 --- a/gen/45/12.md +++ b/gen/45/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +The word "eyes" stands for the entire person. AT: "All of you and Benjamin can see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# that it is my mouth that speaks to you -* **your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin** - The word "eyes" refers to the brothers and Benjamin. Alternate translation: "All of you and Benjamin see that it is me, Joseph, your brother." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **that it is my mouth that speaks to you** - Joseph uses the word "mouth" to refer to himself. Alternate translation: "that I, Joseph, am speaking to you." -* **about all my power** - "how I am greatly honored" -* **my father down here** - "my father here to me" +The word "mouth" stands for the entire person. AT: "that I, Joseph, am speaking to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# about all my honor in Egypt + +"how the people in Egypt greatly honor me" + +# my father down here + +It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. AT: "my father here to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/14.md b/gen/45/14.md index 77579f414f..141b06f973 100644 --- a/gen/45/14.md +++ b/gen/45/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He hugged his brother Benjamin's neck and wept, and Benjamin wept on his neck -* [[en:tw:kiss]] +"Joseph hugged his brother Benjamin, and they both wept" -## translationNotes +# He kissed all his brothers -* **He hugged his brother Benjamin’s neck and wept, and Benjamin wept on his neck** - "Joseph hugged his brother Benjamin, and they both wept" -* **After that his brothers talked with him** - "After that his brothers talked freely with him" +In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate. + +# wept over them + +This means Joseph was crying while he kissed them. + +# After that his brothers talked with him + +Earlier they were too afraid to speak. Now they feel they can speak freely. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "After that his brothers talked freely with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/16.md b/gen/45/16.md index 950abb174d..0e5dd31294 100644 --- a/gen/45/16.md +++ b/gen/45/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The news of the matter was told in Pharaoh's house: "Joseph's brothers have come." -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. It may also be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone in Pharaoh's palace heard that Joseph's brothers had come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Pharaoh's house -* **The news of the matter was told in Pharaoh’s house: "Joseph’s brothers have come."** - Alternate translation: "Everyone in Pharaoh's palace heard that Joseph's brothers had come." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I will give you the good of the land of Egypt** - "I will give you the best land in Egypt" -* **and you will eat the fat of the land** - "and you will eat the best food in the land" +This stands for Pharaoh's palace. + +# Say to your brothers, 'Do this: Load your animals and go to the land of Canaan. Get your father and your households and come to me. I will give you the good of the land of Egypt, and you will eat the fat of the land.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Tell your brothers to load their animals and go to Canaan to get their father and families. Tell them to come here, and I will give them the best land in Egypt and the best food we have to offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I will give you the good of the land of Egypt + +"I will give you the best land in Egypt" + +# you will eat the fat of the land + +The best food that a land produces is spoken of as if it were the fat portion of the land. AT: "you will eat the best food in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/19.md b/gen/45/19.md index ffa0ee6c1e..d5d461d3a6 100644 --- a/gen/45/19.md +++ b/gen/45/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] +Pharaoh continues to tell Joseph what to tell his brothers. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Pharaoh continues to tell Joseph what to tell his brothers. -* **Now you are commanded** - "I also command you" +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# you are commanded, 'Do this, take carts out of the land of Egypt for your children and for your wives. Get your father and come. Do not be concerned about your possessions, for the good of all the land of Egypt is yours.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "also tell them to take carts out of the land of Egypt for their children and wives, and to get their father and come here. They should not worry about bringing their possessions, for I will give them the best things we have in Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# you are commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I also command you to tell them" or "also tell them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# take carts out + +"Carts" are wagons with two or four wheels. Animals pull the carts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/21.md b/gen/45/21.md index c2fc4c8899..7008cf70fc 100644 --- a/gen/45/21.md +++ b/gen/45/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# gave them provisions for the journey -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"gave them what they needed for traveling" -## translationNotes +# he gave each man changes of clothing -* **and gave them provisions for the journey** - "and gave them what they needed for traveling" -* **three hundred pieces** - "300 pieces" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Each man received a set of clothes except for Benjamin who received 5 sets of clothes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# three hundred pieces + +"300 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ten donkeys ... and ten female donkeys + +The donkeys were included as part of the gift. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/24.md b/gen/45/24.md index f2e5b0ac04..2a51996b97 100644 --- a/gen/45/24.md +++ b/gen/45/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# do not quarrel -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Possible meanings include 1) "do not argue" and 2) "do not become afraid" -## translationNotes +# went up out of Egypt -* **do not quarrel** - "do not argue on the way. Alternate translation: "do not become afraid" -* **And his heart was astonished** - "and he was astonished" or "he was very surprised" +It was common to use the word "up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. + +# he is ruler over all the land of Egypt + +Here "land of Egypt" stands for the people of Egypt. AT: "he rules all the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His heart was astonished + +Here "heart" stands for the whole person. AT: "and he was astonished" or "he was very surprised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he could not believe what they told him + +"he did not accept that what they said was true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/27.md b/gen/45/27.md index b9b6a27ecc..d5296cccea 100644 --- a/gen/45/27.md +++ b/gen/45/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They told him -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"They told Jacob" -## translationNotes +# all the words of Joseph that he had said to them -* **They told him** - "They told Jacob" -* **all the words of Joseph that he had said to them** - "everything that Joseph had said to them" -* **the spirit of Jacob their father revived** - The word "spirit" refers to Jacob. Alternate translation: "Jacob their father recovered" or "Jacob their father became very excited." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"everything that Joseph had said to them" + +# the spirit of Jacob their father revived + +The word "spirit" stands for the whole person. AT: "Jacob their father recovered" or "Jacob their father became very excited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/intro.md b/gen/45/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba8559c5dd --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/45/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 45 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Joseph finally reveals himself to his brothers in this chapter. This chapter forms the conclusion of the story which began in chapter 43. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Joseph's character ##### +Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 45:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../44/intro.md) | [>>](../46/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/01.md b/gen/46/01.md index a3b473c83e..220d146cb6 100644 --- a/gen/46/01.md +++ b/gen/46/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# went to Beersheba -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +"came to Beersheba" -## translationNotes +# Here I am -* **went to Beersheba** - "came to Beersheba" -* **into Egypt** - "to Egypt" -* **I will surely bring you up again** - The promise was made to Israel (Jacob). But the promise would be fulfilled to all of Israel's descendants. Alternate translation: "I will surely bring your descendants out of Egypt again." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **And Joseph will close your eyes with his own hand** - The phrase "close you eyes" refers to Joseph will be present when Israel dies and it will be Joseph who will close your eyelids when you die. Alternate translation: "And Joseph will even be present with you at the time of your death." +"Yes, I am listening" + +# to go down to Egypt + +It was common to use the phrase "go down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. + +# I will make you a great nation + +The "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob refers to his descendants that will become a large nation. AT: "I will give you many descendants, and they will become a great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# into Egypt + +"to Egypt" + +# I will surely bring you up again + +The promise was made to Jacob, but the promise would be fulfilled to all of Israel's descendants. AT: "I will surely bring your descendants out of Egypt again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bring you up again + +It was common to use the word "up" when speaking about traveling from Egypt to Canaan. + +# Joseph will close your eyes with his own hand + +The phrase "close you eyes with his own hand" is a way of saying that Joseph will be present when Israel dies and it will be Joseph who will close Jacob's eyelids at the time of his death. AT: "Joseph will even be present with you at the time of your death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will close your eyes + +It was a custom to pull down the eyelids when a person died with their eyes open. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/05.md b/gen/46/05.md index 64a9268951..484d0a09ad 100644 --- a/gen/46/05.md +++ b/gen/46/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# rose up from -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] +"set out from" -## translationNotes +# in the carts -* **rose up from** - "set out from" -* **they had accumulated** - "they had acquired" (UDB) or "they had gained" -* **He brought with him** - "Jacob brought with him" -* **his sons' sons** - "his grandsons" -* **his sons' daughters** - "his granddaughters" +"Carts" are wagons with two or four wheels. Animals pull the carts. See how you translated "carts" in [Genesis 45:19](../45/19.md). + +# they had accumulated + +"they had acquired" or "they had gained" + +# He brought with him + +"Jacob brought with him" + +# his sons' sons + +"his grandsons" + +# his sons' daughters + +"his granddaughters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/08.md b/gen/46/08.md index 7fc7da9060..d28e3226b9 100644 --- a/gen/46/08.md +++ b/gen/46/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# These were the names -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +This refers to the names of the people that the author is about to list. -## translationNotes +# of the children of Israel -* **These are the names** - This refers to the names of the people that follow. -* **of the children of Israel who came to Egypt** - "of the descendants of Israel who came to Egypt" -* **Hanoch...Pallu...Hezron...Carmi...Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar...Shaul...Gershon, Kohath, Merari** - These are all names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"of Israel's family members" + +# Hanok, Pallu, Hezron, and Karmi ... Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar, and Shaul ... Gershon, Kohath, and Merari + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/12.md b/gen/46/12.md index 987780ec91..9a708485ec 100644 --- a/gen/46/12.md +++ b/gen/46/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Er, Onan, Shelah -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:paddanaram]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +These were the sons of Judah by his wife, Shua. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 38:3-5](../38/03.md). -## translationNotes +# Perez, and Zerah -* **Er, Onan, Shelah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:03]]. -* **Perez, Zerah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:gen:38:29]]. -* **Hezron...Hamul, Tola, Puvah, Lob...Shimron...Sered, Elon...Jahleel** - These are all names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Dinah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:30:19]]. -* **All the souls of his sons and his daughters were thirty-three in number** - three in number** - The word "soul" refers to the person. Here "sons" and "daughters" refer to his sons, daughters, and grandchildren. Alternate translation: "Altogether he had 33 sons and daughters." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These were the sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law, Tamar. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 38:29-30](../38/29.md). + +# Hezron ... Hamul ... Tola, Puah, Lob ... Shimron ... Sered, Elon ... Jahleel + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Dinah + +This is the name of Leah's daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# His sons and his daughters numbered thirty-three + +Here "sons" and "daughters" refer to Jacob's sons, daughters, and grandchildren related to Leah. AT: "Altogether he had 33 sons, daughters, and grandchildren" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/16.md b/gen/46/16.md index ab6805925b..ac000783e9 100644 --- a/gen/46/16.md +++ b/gen/46/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Zephon ... Haggi, Shuni ... Ezbon, Eri, Arodi ... Areli ... Imnah ... Ishvah, Ishvi ... Beriah ... Heber ... Malkiel -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Serah -* **Ziphion..Haggi, Shuni...Ezbon, Er, Arodi...Areli...Imnah...Ishvah, Ishvi...Beriah...Heber...Malchiel** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Serah** - This is the name of a woman. -* **Zilpah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:29:23]]. -* **These she bore to Jacob, sixteen persons** - This refers to 16 children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren that were related to Zilpah. +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zilpah + +This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These sons she bore to Jacob—sixteen in all + +This refers to 16 children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren that were related to Zilpah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/19.md b/gen/46/19.md index 693866a72f..18669d19d1 100644 --- a/gen/46/19.md +++ b/gen/46/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Asenath -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] +"Asenath" is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife. See how you translated this is [Genesis 41:45](../41/44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Potiphera -* **Asenath** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Potiphera priest of On** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:41:44]]. -* **Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim, and Ard** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **All these persons were fourteen in number** - This refers to the 14 sons and grandsons related to Rachel. +"Potiphera" is the father of Asenath. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](../41/44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# priest of On + +On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was "the City of the Sun" and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](../41/44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim, and Ard + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fourteen in all + +This refers to the 14 sons and grandsons related to Rachel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/23.md b/gen/46/23.md index 36a6a36856..93a34f7ed7 100644 --- a/gen/46/23.md +++ b/gen/46/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Hushim ... Jahziel, Guni, Jezer ... Shillem -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:laban]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Bilhah -* **Hushim...Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer...Shillem** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bilhah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:29:28]]. -* **All these persons were seven in number** - This refers to the 7 children and grandchildren related to Bilhah. +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seven in all + +This refers to the 7 children and grandchildren related to Bilhah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/26.md b/gen/46/26.md index 448796c9ca..891401c731 100644 --- a/gen/46/26.md +++ b/gen/46/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# sixty-six -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +"66" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# seventy -* **sixty-six** - six** - "66" -* **besides** - "which excludes" or "not counting" -* **house of Jacob** - "Jacob's family" or "Jacob's household" -* **seventy** - "70" +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/28.md b/gen/46/28.md index 7429b35243..e53a737a24 100644 --- a/gen/46/28.md +++ b/gen/46/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# to show the way before him to Goshen -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:goshen]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +"to show them the way to Goshen" -## translationNotes +# Joseph prepared his chariot and went up -* **to show the way before him to Goshen** - "to show them the way to Goshen" -* **hugged his neck, and wept on his neck a long time** - "put his arms around his father, and wept for a long time" -* **Now let me die** - "Now I am ready to die." Alternate translation: "Now my life is complete" -* **since I have seen your face, that you are still alive** - Jacob was expressing joy at seeing Joseph not just Joseph's face. "since I have seen you alive again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "Joseph" stands for his servants. AT: "Joseph's servants prepared his chariot and Joseph went up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# went up to meet Israel + +The phrase "went up" is used because Joseph is traveling to a higher elevation to meet his father. AT: "went to meet Israel" + +# hugged his neck, and wept on his neck a long time + +"put his arms around his father, and wept for a long time" + +# Now let me die + +"Now I am ready to die" or "Now I will die happy" + +# since I have seen your face, that you are still alive + +Here "face" stands for the entire person. Jacob was expressing joy at seeing Joseph. AT: "since I have seen you alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/31.md b/gen/46/31.md index 022cdd5c35..5c0c9b24d5 100644 --- a/gen/46/31.md +++ b/gen/46/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# his father's house -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +Here "house" stands for his family. AT: "his father's family" or "his father's household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I will go up and tell Pharaoh -* **his father's house** - "his father's household" or "his father's family" -* **and tell Pharaoh, saying** - "and say to Pharaoh" +It was common to use the phrase "go up" when referring to someone going to speak with someone with greater authority. AT: "I will go tell Pharaoh" + +# tell Pharaoh, saying, 'My brothers ... all that they have.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "tell Pharaoh that my brothers ... all that they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/33.md b/gen/46/33.md index 9c0ae09009..364c62a889 100644 --- a/gen/46/33.md +++ b/gen/46/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It will come about -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event that is about to happen in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# asks, 'What is your occupation?' that you should say -* **It will come about** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event that is about to happen in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Your servants** - Joseph's family are to refer to themselves as "your servants" when they speak to Pharaoh. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "We, your servants." -* **keepers of cattle** - "keepers of livestock" -* **every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians** - "Egyptians think shepherds are disgusting" +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "asks you about what kind of work you do, you should say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# you should say, 'Your servants have ... both we, and our forefathers.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "you should say that you have ... both you and your forefathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Your servants + +Joseph's family are to refer to themselves as "your servants" when they speak to Pharaoh. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the first person. AT: "We, your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians + +The abstract noun "abomination" can be translated with the adjective "disgusting." AT: "Egyptians think shepherds are disgusting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/intro.md b/gen/46/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1475c64eb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/46/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Genesis 46 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Going to Egypt ##### +Yahweh allowed Israel to go to Egypt. He was to trust in Yahweh and his covenant faithfulness. God continued to bless them in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Shepherds ##### + +Because of the regular flooding of the Nile River, Egypt's economy revolved around farming more than raising animals. Therefore, the Egyptians despised the nomadic lifestyle of shepherds. Joseph's instructions permitted the Hebrew people to live separately from the Egyptians. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 46:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../45/intro.md) | [>>](../47/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/01.md b/gen/47/01.md index 24ce1bb17a..eaa3428113 100644 --- a/gen/47/01.md +++ b/gen/47/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He took five of his brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goshen]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] - -## translationNotes - -* ***He took five of his brothers...** - The UDB reorders the event with Pharaoh chronologically, whereas the ULB lists the events as the author wrote it. (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_events]]) +The UDB reorders the event with Pharaoh chronologically, whereas the ULB lists the events as the author wrote it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/03.md b/gen/47/03.md index c1f88ed224..61f8c0c5c0 100644 --- a/gen/47/03.md +++ b/gen/47/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Your servants are shepherds -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +"Your servants shepherd flocks" -## translationNotes +# Your servants -* **your servants** - Joseph's brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. Alternate translation: "We, your servants" -* “Your servants shepherd flocks” -* **as our ancestors** - "both we and our forefathers" or "both we and our ancestors" -* **We come as temporary residents in the land** - "We have come to stay for a while in Egypt" -* **There is no pasture** - "There is no grass to eat" +Joseph's brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in first person. AT: "We, your servants" or "We" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# as our ancestors + +"both we and our forefathers" or "both we and our ancestors" + +# We come as temporary residents in the land + +"We have come to stay for a while in Egypt" + +# There is no pasture + +"There is no grass to eat" + +# now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/05.md b/gen/47/05.md index 38e1e8d27b..9597a4f54b 100644 --- a/gen/47/05.md +++ b/gen/47/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The land of Egypt is before you -* [[en:tw:Goshen]] -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] +"The land of Egypt is open to you" or "All of the land of Egypt is available to you" -## translationNotes +# Settle your father and your brothers in the best region, the land of Goshen -* **The land of Egypt is before you** - "The land of Egypt is open to you" -* **Settle your father and your brothers in the best region, the land of Goshen** - "Settle your father and your brothers in the best part of the land, which is the land of Goshen." -* **If you know any capable men among them** - "If you know of any men among them who have great skill taking care of animals." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Settle your father and your brothers in the land of Goshen, which is the best region" + +# If you know any capable men among them + +It is implied that they are capable of taking care of animals. AT: "If you know of any men among them who have great skill taking care of animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/07.md b/gen/47/07.md index f9067ac34d..6878eb0887 100644 --- a/gen/47/07.md +++ b/gen/47/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jacob blessed Pharaoh -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +Here "blessed" means to express a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to that person. -## translationNotes +# How long have you lived? -* **How long have you lived?** - "How old are you?" -* **The the years of my travels are a hundred and thirty** - The phrase "years of my travels" refers to how long he has lived on the earth. Alternate translation: "I have traveled on the earth for 130 years" or "I am 130 years old." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **have been few and painful** - Jacob is referring to his father's lineage living even longer than himself. Jacob also reflects on his life having been filled with much hardship. +"How old are you?" + +# The years of my travels are a hundred and thirty + +The phrase "years of my travels" refers to how long he has lived on the earth traveling from one place to another. AT: "I have traveled on the earth for 130 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# The years of my life have been few ... not been as long as those of my ancestors + +Jacob means his life is short compared to the lives of Abraham and Isaac. + +# painful + +Jacob has experienced much pain and trouble during his life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/11.md b/gen/47/11.md index 7796a6b5dc..facfaad31b 100644 --- a/gen/47/11.md +++ b/gen/47/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Joseph settled his father and his brothers -* [[en:tw:Pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +"Then Joseph took care of his father and his brothers and helped them establish where they would live" -## translationNotes +# the land of Rameses -* **Then Joseph settled his father and his brothers** - "Then Joseph took care of his father and his brothers" -* **the land of Rameses** - This is another name for the land of Goshen. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **according the number of their dependents** - "according to how many people were in their families" +This is another name for the land of Goshen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# according the number of their dependents + +Here, the word "dependents" means the small children in the family. AT: "according to how many small children were in their families" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/13.md b/gen/47/13.md index 62017e249c..745168c49c 100644 --- a/gen/47/13.md +++ b/gen/47/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# The land of Egypt and the land of Canaan -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about the famine in Canaan and Egypt. -* **The land of Egypt and the land of Canaan** - This refers to the people living in these lands. Alternate translation: "The people of Egypt and the people of Canaan." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **wasted away** - "became thin and weak" -* **to Pharaoh's palace** - "into Pharaoh's house" +This refers to the people living in these lands. AT: "The people of Egypt and the people of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wasted away + +"became thin and weak" + +# Joseph gathered all the money that was in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, by selling grain to the inhabitants + +"The people of Egypt and Canaan spent all of their money buying grain from Joseph" + +# Joseph gathered ... Joseph brought + +Most likely Joseph ordered his servants to gather and bring the money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/15.md b/gen/47/15.md index 4c58babf35..dd15e1a00c 100644 --- a/gen/47/15.md +++ b/gen/47/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When all the money of the lands of Egypt and Canaan was spent -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] +Here "lands" stands for the people who live in the lands. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When the people of Egypt and Canaan used up all their money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# of the lands of Egypt and Canaan -* **When all the money of the lands of Egypt and Canaan was spent** - Alternate translation: "When the people of Egypt and Canaan used up all their money." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **of the lands of Egypt and Canaan** - "from the land of Egypt and from the land of Canaan" -* **Why should we die in your presence because our money is gone?** - The people used a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. Alternate translation: "Please, do not let us die because we have used up all of our money." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **fed them with** - "provided them with" or "gave them" (UDB) +"from the land of Egypt and from the land of Canaan" + +# Why should we die in your presence because our money is gone? + +The people used a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please, do not let us die because we have used up all of our money!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He fed them with bread + +Here "bread" stands for food in general. AT: "He gave them food" or "He provided them with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/18.md b/gen/47/18.md index 297a2f5041..55c2f70853 100644 --- a/gen/47/18.md +++ b/gen/47/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they came to him -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"the people came to Joseph" -## translationNotes +# We will not hide from my master -* **they came to him** - "the people came to Joseph" -* **We will not hide from my lord** - The people refer to Joseph as "my lord." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "We will not hide from you, our lord" -* **There is nothing left in the sight of my lord** - "We have nothing left to give you, our lord" -* **Why should we die before your eyes, both we and our land?** - The word "eyes" refers to Joseph's sight. The people use a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. Alternate translation: "Please do not just watch as we die and our land is ruined." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The people refer to Joseph as "my master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in second person. AT: "We will not hide from you, our master" or "We will not hide from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# There is nothing left in the sight of my master + +Here "sight" stands for Joseph himself. AT: "We have nothing left to give you, our master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why should we die before your eyes, both we and our land? + +The word "eyes" refers to Joseph's sight. The people use a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please do not just watch as we die and our land is ruined!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why should we die ... both we and our land + +The land becomes useless and ruined because there is no seed to plant; thus it is spoken of as if the land would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/20.md b/gen/47/20.md index ba8fb5d5ee..60025a3630 100644 --- a/gen/47/20.md +++ b/gen/47/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In this way, the land became Pharaoh's -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"So the land became Pharaoh's" -## translationNotes +# It was only the land of the priests that Joseph did not buy -* **In this way, the land became Pharaoh's** - "So the land became Pharaoh's" -* **It was only the land of the priests that Joseph did not buy** - "But he did not buy the land of the priests" -* **the priests were given an allowance** - An "allowance" is an amount of money or food that some one regularly gives to another person. Alternate translation: "Pharaoh gave the priests a certain amount of food each day." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They ate from the allotment which Pharaoh gave them** - "They ate from what Pharaoh gave them" +"But he did not buy the land of the priests" + +# the priests were given an allowance + +An "allowance" is an amount of money or food that someone regularly gives to another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Pharaoh gave the priests a certain amount of food each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They ate from the allotment which Pharaoh gave them + +"They ate from what Pharaoh gave them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/23.md b/gen/47/23.md index 2106a98d8e..88e3044ae2 100644 --- a/gen/47/23.md +++ b/gen/47/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# and you will plant -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:household]] +"that you might sow" -## translationNotes +# At the harvest, you must give a fifth to Pharaoh, and four parts will be your own -* **and you will plant** - "that you might sow" -* **At the harvest, you shall give a fifth to Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own** - "Come harvest you will divide the crops into five parts. One part is to be given back to Pharaoh for payment and the four parts are for your own," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **for food for your households and your children** - "for food for your households and for food for your children" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The word "fifth" is a fraction. AT: "At harvest time you will divide the crops into five parts. You will give one part back to Pharaoh for payment and the four parts are for your own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# for food for your households and your children + +You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "for food for your households and for food for your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/25.md b/gen/47/25.md index ca09f87457..8653a34c62 100644 --- a/gen/47/25.md +++ b/gen/47/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# May we find favor in your eyes -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "May you be pleased with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in the land of Egypt -* **May we find favor in your eyes. We will be Pharaoh's servants.** - Alternate translation: "May we find favor before you and become Pharaoh's slaves." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in the land of Egypt** - "over the land of Egypt" or "throughout the land of Egypt" -* **one fifth** - Translate this the same way you did "a fifth" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:47:23]]. +"over the land of Egypt" or "throughout the land of Egypt" + +# to this day + +This means to the time that the author was writing this. + +# one-fifth + +See how you translated "a fifth" in [Genesis 47:24](./23.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/27.md b/gen/47/27.md index 448ecba49c..80afb49e87 100644 --- a/gen/47/27.md +++ b/gen/47/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They were fruitful and multiplied greatly -* [[en:tw:goshen]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +The word "multiplied" explains how they were "fruitful." AT: "They had very many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# were fruitful -* **They were fruitful and multiplied greatly** - The word "multiplied" explains how they were "fruitful." AT: "They had very many children" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **seventeen years** - "17 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here "fruitful" means to prosper or to have children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# seventeen years + +"17 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# so the years of Jacob's life were one hundred forty-seven years + +"so Jacob lived to be 147 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/29.md b/gen/47/29.md index 2bdff46e2d..5a2f180dcf 100644 --- a/gen/47/29.md +++ b/gen/47/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# When the time approached for Israel to die -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +This speaks about time as if it travels and comes to a place. AT: "When it was almost time for Israel to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# If now I have found favor in your eyes -* **If now I have found favor in your sight** - "If I have found favor with you" or "If I have pleased you" (UDB) -* **put your hand under my thigh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:24:01]]. -* **show me faithfulness and trustworthiness** - "treat me in a faithful and trustworthy manner." -* **Please do not bury me in Egypt** - The word "please" adds emphasis to this request. -* **When I sleep with my fathers** - "When I die and join my family members who died before me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **swear to me** - "promise me" or "make an oath to me" -* **swore to him** - "promised him" or "made an oath to him" -* **Israel bowed down at the head of his bed** - Possible meanings are 1) "Jacob bowed down his head in bed" (ULB) or 2) Jacob turned over in bed and prostrated himself on the bed (UDB) or 3) "Jacob bowed down while leaning on his walking stick" (Septuagint). +Here "eyes" is a metonym for sight, and "sight" stands for thoughts or opinions. AT: "If I have found favor with you" or "If I have pleased you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# found favor + +This means that someone is approved of by someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# put your hand under my thigh + +This act is a sign of making a serious promise. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:2](../24/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# show me faithfulness and trustworthiness + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "treat me in a faithful and trustworthy manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Please do not bury me in Egypt + +The word "please" adds emphasis to this request. + +# When I sleep with my fathers + +Here "sleep" is a polite way to refer to dying. AT: "When I die and join my family members who died before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Swear to me + +"Promise me" or "Make an oath to me" + +# swore to him + +"promised him" or "made an oath to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/intro.md b/gen/47/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fd60840f9b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/47/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 47 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abrahamic covenant ##### +Part of the Abrahamic covenant was that Yahweh would bless those who bless Abraham's descendants. Since Pharaoh cared for the Hebrew people, Yahweh blessed the Egyptians while the Hebrew people lived in Egypt. The Hebrew people also multiplied greatly as this covenant promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Jacob was not buried in Egypt ##### +In the ancient Near east, a person was typically buried in their hometown. Since Egypt was not the Israelites' home, Jacob did not wish to be buried in Egypt. This was a lesson to the Israelites that Canaan was their true home, the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 47:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../46/intro.md) | [>>](../48/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/01.md b/gen/48/01.md index 80fb47f1f9..9f29d98126 100644 --- a/gen/48/01.md +++ b/gen/48/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# one said to Joseph -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **one said to Joseph** - "someone said to Joseph" -* **When Jacob was told** - "When someone told Jacob" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your son Joseph has arrived to see you** - "your son Joseph has come to you" +"someone said to Joseph" + +# Look, your father + +"Listen, your father." Here the word "look" is used to get Joseph's attention. + +# So he took + +"So Joseph took" + +# When Jacob was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When someone told Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your son Joseph has arrived to see you + +"your son Joseph has come to you" + +# Israel gathered strength and sat up in bed + +Here the author speaks of Israel struggling to to sit up in bed as if he were gathering "strength" as someone gathers actual things. AT: "Israel made a great effort to sit up in bed" or "Israel struggled as he sat up in bed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/03.md b/gen/48/03.md index 1c40964dc5..a21b0000b0 100644 --- a/gen/48/03.md +++ b/gen/48/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Luz -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +This is the name of a city. See how you translated the name of this city in [Genesis 28:19](../28/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# in the land of Canaan. He blessed me and said to me -* **Luz** - See how you translated the name of this city in [[en:bible:notes:gen:28:18]]. -* **in the land of Canaan. He blessed me and said to me** - This can be translated with the new sentence starting in a different place: "in the land of Canaan, and he blessed me. And he said to me" -* **Behold** - “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **I will make you fruitful, and multiply you** - The phrase "multiply you" explains how God would make Jacob "fruitful." AT: "I will give you very many descendants." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **multiply you. I will make of you an assembly** - "multiply you, and I will make many nations come from you" -* **an everlasting possession ** - "a permanent possession" +This can be translated with the new sentence starting in a different place. AT: "in the land of Canaan, and he blessed me. And he said to me" + +# blessed + +This refers to God pronouncing a formal blessing on someone. + +# said to me, 'Behold, I will make you fruitful, and multiply you. I will make of you an assembly of nations. I will give this land to your descendants as an everlasting possession.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "said to me that he would make me fruitful and multiply me. And, he said that he would make me an assembly of nations and he would give this land to my descendants as an everlasting possession." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Behold + +God used the word "behold" here to alert Jacob to pay attention to what he was about to tell him. + +# I will make you fruitful, and multiply you + +The phrase "multiply you" explains how God would make Jacob "fruitful." AT: "I will give you very many descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will make of you an assembly of nations + +Here "you" refers to Jacob, but it stands for Jacob's descendants. AT: "I will make your descendants into many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an everlasting possession + +"a permanent possession" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/05.md b/gen/48/05.md index 2e9a154147..821487d6d6 100644 --- a/gen/48/05.md +++ b/gen/48/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:paddanaram]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# Ephraim and Manasseh will be mine -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. -* **they will be listed under the names of their brothers in their inheritance** - This means the rest of Joseph's children would inherit land as part of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: "As for their inheritance, you will list them under the names of their brothers. -* **Ephrath** - See how you translated the name of this city in [[en:bible:notes:gen:35:16]] +Ephraim and Manasseh each will receive a portion of land just like Joseph's brothers. + +# they will be listed under the names of their brothers in their inheritance + +Possible meanings are 1)the rest of Joseph's children would inherit land as part of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh or 2) Joseph will be given separate land from Ephraim and Manasseh and Joseph's other children will inherit that land. AT: "as for their inheritance, you will list them under the names of their brothers" + +# Ephrath + +This is another name for the town of Bethlehem. See how you translated the name of this city in [Genesis 35:16](../35/16.md). + +# (that is, Bethlehem) + +The author is giving background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/08.md b/gen/48/08.md index 5fa60a5c60..6a8fe0cb4d 100644 --- a/gen/48/08.md +++ b/gen/48/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Whose are these? -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] +"Whose sons are these?" -## translationNotes +# bless -* **Whose are these?** - "Whose sons are these?" -* **he kissed them** - "Israel kissed them" -* **Now Israel' s eyes** - The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +A father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children or grandchildren. + +# Now Israel's eyes ... could not see + +The word "Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he kissed them + +"Israel kissed them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/11.md b/gen/48/11.md index 672452f929..b5cfa1821f 100644 --- a/gen/48/11.md +++ b/gen/48/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to see your face again -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Here "face" stands for the whole person. AT: "to see you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# between Israel's knees -* **between Israel's knees** - When Joseph placed his sons on Israel's lap or knees it was a sign that Israel was adopting them. -* **putting Manasseh on his left side toward Jacob's right hand** - Joseph places the boys so that Israel will put his right hand on Manasseh. Manasseh was the oldest brother and the right hand was the sign he would receive the greater blessing. +When Joseph placed his sons on Israel's lap or knees it was a sign that Israel was adopting them. This gave the children special inheritance rights from Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# then he bowed with his face to the earth + +Joseph bowed down to show honor to his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel's right hand + +Joseph places the boys so that Israel will put his right hand on Manasseh. Manasseh was the oldest brother and the right hand was the sign he would receive the greater blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/14.md b/gen/48/14.md index dbc7079f5c..ddc658548a 100644 --- a/gen/48/14.md +++ b/gen/48/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# his right hand and laid it upon Ephraim's head -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Placing the right hand on Ephraim's head was the sign that he would receive the greater blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# Israel blessed Joseph -* **The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked** - "The God who my grandfather Abraham and father Isaac served" -* **who has cared for me** - God has taken care of Israel like a shepherd takes care of his sheep. Alternate translation: "who has cared for me like a shepherd cares for his animals." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **protected me** - "delivered me" -* **May my name be named in them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac** - "May people remember Abraham, Isaac, and me because of Ephraim and Manasseh." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "Joseph" also stands for Ephraim and Manasseh. Since Joseph is the father, he is the only one mentioned here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked + +Serving God is spoken of as if it were walking before God. AT: "The God who my grandfather Abraham and father Isaac served" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who has cared for me + +God has taken care of Israel like a shepherd takes care of his sheep. AT: "who has cared for me like a shepherd cares for his animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the angel + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the angel that God sent to protect Jacob or 2) this refers to God who appeared in angel form to protect Jacob. + +# protected me + +"delivered me" + +# May my name be named in them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac + +Here "name" stands for the person. The phrase "my name be named in them" is an idiom that means a person is remembered because of another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people remember Abraham, Isaac, and me because of Ephraim and Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May they grow into a multitude on the earth + +Here "they" refers to Ephraim and Manasseh, but it stands for their descendants. AT: "May they have many descendants who will live all over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/17.md b/gen/48/17.md index efba07b997..51794abe35 100644 --- a/gen/48/17.md +++ b/gen/48/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Put your right hand upon his head -* [[en:tw:Josephot]] -* [[en:tw:Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Put your right hand upon his head** - The right hand was the sign of the greater blessing which was supposed to go to the oldest son. +The right hand was the sign of the greater blessing which the oldest son was supposed to receive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/19.md b/gen/48/19.md index 8cfc538970..eecb8315f0 100644 --- a/gen/48/19.md +++ b/gen/48/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He also will become a people, and he also will be great -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Here "He" refers to Manasseh, but it stands for his descendants. AT: "Your older son will have many descendants, and they will become a great people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# that day with these words -* **May God make you like Ephraim and like Manasseh** - Israel saying Ephraim's name first is another way he indicates that Ephraim will be greater than Manasseh. +"that day, saying" + +# The people of Israel will pronounce blessings by your names saying + +"The people of Israel will speak your names when they are blessing others" + +# by your names saying, 'May God make you like Ephraim and like Manasseh' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "by your names. They will ask God to make others like Ephraim and like Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# like Ephraim and like Manasseh + +Israel saying Ephraim's name first is another way he indicates that Ephraim will be greater than Manasseh. + +# Israel put Ephraim before Manasseh + +Giving Ephraim the greater blessing and making him more important than Manasseh is spoken of as if Israel physically put Ephraim in front of Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/21.md b/gen/48/21.md index a6f2181c9c..c58fbb7cad 100644 --- a/gen/48/21.md +++ b/gen/48/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# will be with you ... bring you back ... your fathers -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here "you" and "your" are plural and refer to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# will be with you -* **To you, as one who is above your brothers, I give** - "Because you are greater than your brothers, I give to you" -* **the mountain slope that I took from the Amorites with my sword and my bow** - "the portion of land I fought for and took from the Amorites" +This is an idiom that means God will help and bless the people of Israel. AT: "God will help you" or "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will bring you back + +Here "bring" can be translated as "take." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# land of your fathers + +"land of your ancestors" + +# To you, as one who is above your brothers, I give to you the mountain slope + +Possible meanings are 1) Joseph having more honor and authority than his brothers is spoken of as if he were physically above them. AT: "To you, who is greater than your brothers, I give the mountain slope" or 2) Jacob means he is giving more land to Joseph than he is giving to Joseph's brothers. AT: "To you, I give one more ridge than I give your brothers. I give to you the mountain slope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# To you + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the mountain slope that I took from the Amorites with my sword and my bow + +Here "sword" and "bow" stands for fighting in battle. AT: "the portion of land I fought for and took from the Amorites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/intro.md b/gen/48/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a02d501a29 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/48/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Genesis 48 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 48:15-16, 20, which are important quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessing ##### +The blessing of Jacob is given to Joseph, and his sons Manasseh and Ephraim. It is probably distinct from inheriting the promises Yahweh gave to Abraham because Scripture talks about all of Israel's descendants inheriting those promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 48:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../47/intro.md) | [>>](../49/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/01.md b/gen/49/01.md index 0a91abb55d..ac302ea166 100644 --- a/gen/49/01.md +++ b/gen/49/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +This begins Jacob's final blessings to his sons. This continues through [Genesis 49:27](./27.md). Jacob's blessings are written in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## translationNotes +# Assemble yourselves and listen, you sons of Jacob. Listen to Israel, your father -* **Assemble yourselves and listen, you sons of Jacob. Listen to Israel, your father** - Both sentences say the same thing for emphasis. Alternate translation: "Come and listen carefully to your father." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Both sentences say the same thing for emphasis. AT: "Come and listen carefully to your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you sons of Jacob. Listen to Israel, your father + +Jacob is referring to himself in the third person. It can be stated in the first person. AT: "my sons. Listen to me, your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/03.md b/gen/49/03.md index a81ab83711..48f8cec82a 100644 --- a/gen/49/03.md +++ b/gen/49/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] +The phrases "my firstborn, my might" and "the beginning of my strength" mean the same thing. The words "might" and "strength" stand for Jacob's ability to produce children. The words "firstborn" and "beginning" mean that Reuben is his first child. AT: "my first child after I became a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# outstanding in dignity, and outstanding in power -* **the beginning of my strength** - Hebrew parents would dedicate their first child to God. The words "beginning" and "first-fruit" means that Reuben belonged to God in a special way. Alternate translation: "the first-fruit of my manhood." -* **outstanding in dignity, and outstanding in power** - "You are first in honor and power." -* **Uncontrollable as rushing water** - Jacob compares Reuben to water in a strong current to emphasize that he cannot control his anger and he is not stable. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **you shall not have the pre-eminence** - eminence** - "you shall not be first among your brothers" -* **because you went up to your father’s bed. Then you defiled it; you went up to my couch.** - This refers to when Reuben slept with Bilhah in [[en:bible:notes:gen:35:21]]. This can be made explicit: "because you went to my bed and had sex with Bilhah my concubine. You brought shame on me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "You are first in honor and power" or "You surpass everyone else in honor and power" + +# Uncontrollable as rushing water + +Jacob compares Reuben to water in a strong current to emphasize that he cannot control his anger and he is not stable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you will not have the preeminence + +"you shall not be first among your brothers" + +# because you went up to your father's bed. Then you defiled it; you went up to my couch + +Here "bed" and "couch" stand for Jacob's concubine, Bilhah. Jacob is referring to when Reuben slept with Bilhah (See: [Genesis 35:22](../35/21.md)). AT: "because you went to my bed and slept with Bilhah my concubine. You have shamed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you went up to your father's bed ... you went up to my couch + +Both statements mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/05.md b/gen/49/05.md index 9d5aa4d006..0ce8bb1930 100644 --- a/gen/49/05.md +++ b/gen/49/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Simeon and Levi are brothers -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This does not just mean they are brothers by birth. Jacob is emphasizing that they worked together to kill the people of Shechem. -## translationNotes +# Weapons of violence are their swords -* **Weapons of violence are their swords** - "They use their swords to hurt and to kill people" -* **O my soul...my heart** - Jacob uses the words "soul" and "heart" to refer to himself and is saying that other people—and perhaps God also—honor him so much that he does not wish to join with those who make plans to do evil. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **do not come into their council; do not join in their meetings** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Jacob combines them to emphasize that he does not want to participate in their wicked plans. AT: "I certainly will not join with them to make any plans" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **they hamstrung oxen** - Jacob compares the men of Shechem to oxen. This emphasizes the strength of the men and that Simenon and Levi killed them as if the men were just animals. AT: "they slaughtered men like they slaughter oxen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"They use their swords to hurt and to kill people" + +# O my soul ... my heart + +Jacob uses the words "soul" and "heart" to refer to himself and is saying that other people,and perhaps God also, honor him so much that he does not wish to join with those who make plans to do evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# do not come into their council; do not join in their meetings + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Jacob combines them to emphasize that he does not want to participate in their wicked plans. AT: "I certainly will not join with them to make any plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# they hamstrung oxen + +This refers to Simeon and Levi crippling oxen just for fun. + +# hamstrung + +This refers to cutting the sinews of an animal's leg so that it cannot walk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/07.md b/gen/49/07.md index 6f5a14e38f..529fb30c3e 100644 --- a/gen/49/07.md +++ b/gen/49/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# May their anger be cursed, for it was fierce—and their fury, for it was cruel -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +God cursing Simeon and Levi is spoken of as if God were cursing their anger and fury. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Lord says, 'I will curse them because of their fierce anger and their cruel fury" or "I, the Lord, will curse them because of their fierce anger and their cruel fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# May their anger be cursed -* **Cursed be their anger** - In prophecy, the prophet will often speak the words of God as if God himself were speaking. This emphasizes how closely united the prophet and God are. Alternate translation: "The Lord says, "I will curse them because of their anger" or "I, the Lord, will curse them because of their anger." -* **I will divide them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel** - The word "I" refers to God. The word "them" refers to Simeon and Levi but it is a prophecy about their descendants. The words "Jacob" and "Israel" refer to all people of Israel. Alternate translation: "I will divide their descendants and scatter them among all the people of Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +In prophecy, the prophet will often speak the words of God as if God himself were speaking. This emphasizes how closely united the prophet and God are. + +# their fury, for it was cruel + +The words "I will curse" are understood. AT: "I will curse their fury, for it was cruel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I will divide them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel + +The word "I" refers to God. The word "them" refers to Simeon and Levi but they are a metonymy standing for their descendants. The words "Jacob" and "Israel" are a metonymy standing for all people of Israel. AT: "I will divide their descendants and scatter them among all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/08.md b/gen/49/08.md index 051117cc44..4074fe2edf 100644 --- a/gen/49/08.md +++ b/gen/49/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your brothers will praise you ... Your father's sons will bow down before you -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +These two statements mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# will praise you. Your hand -* **Your hand shall be on the neck of your enemies** - "You shall conquer your enemies" +The second sentence states the reason for the first sentence. The word "for" or "because" can be added to make this clear. AT: "will praise you. For your hand" or "will praise you because your hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies + +This is a way of saying "You will conquer your enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bow down + +This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/09.md b/gen/49/09.md index 1dbd9fee47..b972b383ff 100644 --- a/gen/49/09.md +++ b/gen/49/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Judah is a lion's cub -* [[en:tw:lion]] +Jacob speaks about Judah as if he were a lion's cub. Jacob is emphasizing Judah's strength. AT: "Judah is like a young lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# My son, you have gone up from your victims -* **Judah is a lion’s cub** - Jacob compares Judah to a young lion to emphasize his strength. Alternate translation: "Judah is like a young lion" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **From the prey, my son, you have gone up** - "You, my son, have come back from eating your prey" -* **like a lioness** - Jacob also compares Judah to a female lion. The lioness is the primary hunter and protector of her cubs. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Who will rouse him?** - Jacob uses a question to emphasize how terrifying Judah is to other people. Alternate translation: "No one wants to wake him up." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"You, my son, have come back from eating your prey" + +# like a lioness + +Jacob also compares Judah to a female lion. The lioness is the primary hunter and protector of her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Who would dare to awaken him? + +Jacob uses a question to emphasize how terrifying Judah is to other people. AT: "No one wants to wake him up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/10.md b/gen/49/10.md index 6c2e89c048..dd530694c3 100644 --- a/gen/49/10.md +++ b/gen/49/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +The "scepter" and the "staff" are long decorated sticks that kings carried. Here they are metonymies that stand for the power to rule. And, "Judah" stands for his descendants. AT: "The power to rule will always be with the descendants of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# until Shiloh comes. The nations will obey him -* **The scepter shall not depart from Judah, Nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet** - The "scepter" and the "staff" are long decorated sticks that kings carried. Here they refer to the power to rule. And, "Judah" refer to his descendants. Alternate translation: "The power to rule will always be with the descendants of Judah" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **until Shiloh comes. The nations will obey him** - Possible meanings are 1) "until the ruler comes to Shiloh. Then the nations will obey him" or 2) "until the nations obey him and bring him tribute." Many people consider this a prophecy about the Messiah who is a descendant of King David. David is a descendant of Judah. +Possible meanings are 1) "Shiloh" means "tribute." AT: "until the nations obey him and bring him tribute" or 2) "Shiloh" refers to the city of Shiloh. AT: "until the ruler comes to Shiloh. Then the nations will obey him." Many people consider this a prophecy about the Messiah who is a descendant of King David. David is a descendant of Judah. + +# The nations will obey him + +Here "nations" refer to the people. AT: "The people of the nations will obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/11.md b/gen/49/11.md index 71e6fadf03..680cfc54b6 100644 --- a/gen/49/11.md +++ b/gen/49/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Binding his donkey ... to the choice vine -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Both statements mean the same thing. It is implied that the vines are so full of grapes that the master does not mind that his donkey eats some of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# his ... he -* **Binding his young horse** - the word "his" refers to Judah's descendants, or to the ruler in [[en:bible:notes:gen:49:10]]. -* **he has washed** - Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened in the past. This emphasizes that this event will certainly happen. Alternate translation: "he will wash" or "they will wash" -* **His eyes will be** - "their eyes will be." Alternate translation: "His eyes are" or "their eyes are" -* **as dark as wine ... as white as milk** - "darker than wine ... whiter than milk" +Possible meanings for all occurrences of "his" or "he" are 1) they refer to Judah's descendants. AT: "their ... they" or 2) they refer to the ruler in [Genesis 49:10](./10.md), which may refer to the Messiah. + +# he has washed ... in the blood of grapes + +Both statements mean the same thing. It implies that there are so many grapes that they can wash their clothes in the juice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he has washed + +Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened in the past. This emphasizes that this event will certainly happen. AT: "they will wash" or "he will wash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# the blood of grapes + +This speaks about the grape juice as if it were blood. This emphasizes how red the juice is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His eyes will be as dark as wine + +This refers to the color of a person's eyes to the red color of wine. Possible meanings are 1) dark eyes imply healthy eyes or 2) people eyes will be red from drinking too much of wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his teeth as white as milk + +This compare the color of the person's teeth to the white color of milk. This implies that there will be so many healthy cows they will have much milk to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/13.md b/gen/49/13.md index edf99a47f1..da125d80eb 100644 --- a/gen/49/13.md +++ b/gen/49/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Zebulun will live -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +This refers to the descendants of Zebulun. AT: "The descendants of Zebulun will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# He will be a harbor -* **Zebulun will live** - This refers to the descendants of Zebulun. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He will be a harbor** - The sea towns that Zebulun will inhabit or build will provide shelter for ships. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **harbor** - A part of the sea that is next to land and is a safe place for ships. +Here "He" stands for sea towns that the people of Zebulun will inhabit or build. These cities will provide shelter for ships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# harbor + +a part of the sea that is next to land and is a safe place for ships \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/14.md b/gen/49/14.md index bb88999bb6..0edbe7807c 100644 --- a/gen/49/14.md +++ b/gen/49/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Issachar is a strong donkey -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jacob speaks about Issachar and his descendants as if they are a donkey. This emphasizes that they will work very hard. AT: "The descendants of Issachar will be like a strong donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Issachar is -* **Issachar is a strong donkey** - Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. Here "Issachar" refers to his descendants. They are compared to a donkey. This emphasizes that they will work very hard. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Issachar will be like a strong donkey." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lying down between the sheepfolds** - Possible meanings are 1) "lying down between the packs they were carrying" or 2) "lying down between two sheep pens." -* **He sees a good resting place and the pleasant land** - "They will see a resting place that is good and that the land is pleasant" -* **He will bend his shoulder to the burden** - "They will work very hard to carry the load" -* **and became a servant for the task** - "and they will work for others as slaves" +Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that is already happening. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. It can be stated in the future tense. AT: "Issachar will be" or "The descendants of Issachar will be" + +# Issachar ... He sees ... He will + +Here "Issachar" is a metonymy that stands for his descendants. AT: "The descendants of Issachar ... They see ... They will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lying down between the sheepfolds + +Possible meanings are 1) "lying down between the packs they were carrying" or 2) "lying down between two sheep pens." Either way, Jacob speaks about Issachar's descendants as if they are donkeys that have worked hard and are lying down to rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a good resting place and the pleasant land + +"a resting place that is good and that the land is pleasant" + +# He will bend his shoulder to the burden + +The phrase "bend his shoulder to the burden" is a way of saying "work very hard to carry the load" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# become a servant for the task + +"will work for others as slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/16.md b/gen/49/16.md index c39de067aa..f7af52f460 100644 --- a/gen/49/16.md +++ b/gen/49/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Dan will judge his people -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "Dan" stands for his descendants. AT: "The descendants of Dan will judge their people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# his people -* **Dan will judge his people** - Possible meanings are 1) "the leaders among the descendants of Dan will judge their people" or 2) "The descendants of Dan will judge the people of Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Dan will be a snake beside the road** - "Dan will be like a snake beside the road." Though a snake is small, it but can bring down a rider off his house, so is Dan, though a small tribe, is very dangerous to its enemies. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I wait** - The word "I" refers to Jacob. +Possible meanings for "his people" are 1) "the people of Dan" or 2) "the people of Israel" + +# Dan will be a snake beside the road + +Jacob speaks about Dan and his descendants as if they were snakes. Though a snake is small, it can bring down a rider off his horse. So Dan, though a small tribe, is very dangerous to its enemies. AT: "The descendants of Dan will be like a snake beside the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I wait for your salvation, Yahweh + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated as "save." AT: "I wait for you, Yahweh, to save me" + +# I wait + +The word "I" refers to Jacob. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/19.md b/gen/49/19.md index 2cedc4f967..700f225672 100644 --- a/gen/49/19.md +++ b/gen/49/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Gad ... attack him, but he -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +Here "Gad" stands for his descendants. AT: "The descendants of Gad ... attack them, but they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Asher's food ... and he -* **Gad...Asher's...Naphtali** - These refer to the descendants of each man. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Naphtali is a doe let loose** - This compares the descendants of Naphtali to a female deer that is free to run. This may emphasize that they were swift messengers. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Naphtali will be like deer set free" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **beautiful fawns** - A "fawn" is a baby deer. The meaning of the Hebrew word is unclear. Some versions translate it as "beautiful words." +Here "Asher" stands for his descendants. AT: "Asher's descendants' food ... and they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Naphtali is ... he will + +Here "Naphtali" stands for his descendants. AT: "The descendants of Naphtali are ... they will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# at their heels + +Here "heels" stands for the raiders who are running away from the descendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# food will be rich + +Here "rich" is a way of saying "delicious." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Naphtali is a doe let loose + +Jacob speaks about the descendants of Naphtali as if they were a female deer that is free to run. This may emphasize that they will be swift messengers. AT: "The descendants of Naphtali will be like deer set free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have beautiful fawns + +A "fawn" is a baby deer. The meaning of the Hebrew word is unclear. Some versions translate it as "have beautiful words" or "speak beautiful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/22.md b/gen/49/22.md index d85b772780..b1b2271b45 100644 --- a/gen/49/22.md +++ b/gen/49/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Joseph is a fruitful bough -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +Here "Joseph" is a metonymy that stands for his descendants. Jacob speaks about them as if they were a tree branch that produces a lot of fruit. This emphasizes that they will greatly increase in number. AT: "The descendants of Joseph are a fruitful bough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# bough -* **Joseph is a fruitful bough** - This refers to the descendants of Joseph. They are compared to a tree branch that produces a lot of fruit. This emphasizes that they will greatly increase in number. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The archers** - people who use bows and arrows +a main branch of a tree + +# whose branches climb over the wall + +Branches that grow and extend over a wall are spoken of as if they were climbing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/24.md b/gen/49/24.md index 8c4873a757..21823f2661 100644 --- a/gen/49/24.md +++ b/gen/49/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants. -## translationNotes +# his bow will remain steady -* Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants. -* **the hands of the Mighty One** - The "hands" are expressing the power of Yahweh. Alternate translation: "the power of the Mighty One." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **because of the name of the Shepherd** - Here "name" refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: "because of the Shepherd" -* **the Shepherd, the Rock** - Jacob compares Yahweh to a shepherd and a rock. This emphasizes that Yahweh guides and protects his people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The person holding the bow steady is spoken of as if the bow itself will remain steady. It is implied he is holding it steady as he aims at his enemy. AT: "he will hold his bow steady as he aims at his enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his bow ... his hands + +Here "his" refers to Joseph who stands for his descendants. AT: "their bow ... their hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his hands will be skillful + +Here the whole person is represented by the "hands" since they are used to hold the bow. AT: "his arms will remain strong as he aims his bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the hands of the Mighty One + +The "hands" are expressing the power of Yahweh. AT: "the power of the Mighty One" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of the name of the Shepherd + +Here "name" refers to the entire person. AT: "because of the Shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Shepherd + +Jacob speak of Yahweh as if he were a "Shepherd." This emphasizes that Yahweh guides and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Rock + +Jacob speaks of Yahweh as if he were a "Rock" that people can climb upon to find safety from enemies. This emphasizes that Yahweh protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/25.md b/gen/49/25.md index d76689fa0d..2a3246f620 100644 --- a/gen/49/25.md +++ b/gen/49/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants. (See: [Genesis 49:22-23](./22.md)) -## translationNotes +# help you ... bless you -* 23]]) +Here "you" refers to Joseph who stands for his descendants. AT: "help your descendants ... bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blessings of the sky + +Here "sky" stands for the rain that helps the crops to grow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blessings of the deep that lies beneath + +Here "deep" stands for the water underneath the ground that supplies rivers and wells. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blessings of the breasts and womb + +Here "breasts and womb" stand for the ability for a mother to have children and feed them milk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/26.md b/gen/49/26.md index dfe36d4635..9977d701b6 100644 --- a/gen/49/26.md +++ b/gen/49/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants. -## translationNotes +# the ancient mountains -* Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants. -* **They will be on the head of Joseph, blessings that crown the head of him** - "They" refers to the blessings of his father. Jacob compares the blessing he gives Joseph to a crown that a prince wears. This emphasizes that these blessings are a sign of Joseph's honor and that he has authority over his brothers. Alternate translation: "These blessings will be like a crown on Joseph's head." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **prince over his brothers ** - "set apart from his brothers" +The meaning of the original language is not certain. Some Bible translations have "my ancestors" instead of "ancient mountains." + +# May they be on the head of Joseph + +Here "they" refers to the blessings of his father. + +# upon the crown of the head of the prince of his brothers + +Jacob desires for these blessings to be passed on to even the most important of his descendants. AT: "on the head of the most important of Joseph's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prince of his brothers + +"most important of his brothers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/27.md b/gen/49/27.md index 3c7eef7dc9..32671aba83 100644 --- a/gen/49/27.md +++ b/gen/49/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Benjamin is a hungry wolf -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Benjamin is a hungry wolf** - This refers to Benjamin and his descendants. Jacob compares them to a hungry wolf. This emphasizes that they will be fierce warriors. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Benjamin will be like hungry wolves." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "Benjamin" is a metonymy that stands for his descendants. Jacob speaks about Benjamin's descendants as if they were a hungry wolf. This emphasizes that they will be fierce warriors. AT: "The descendants of Benjamin will be like hungry wolves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/28.md b/gen/49/28.md index aafd8b970e..70320f0c06 100644 --- a/gen/49/28.md +++ b/gen/49/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# These are the twelve tribes of Israel -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"These" refers to the sons Jacob mentioned in 49:1-27. Each son became the leader of his own tribe. -## translationNotes +# when he blessed them -* **These are the twelve tribes of Israel** - "These" refers to the sons Jacob mentioned in 49:1-27. Each son became the leader of his own tribe. -* **Each one he blessed with an appropriate blessing** - AT: "He gave each son a fitting blessing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_order]]) -* **I am about to go to my people.** - AT: "I am about to die." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **he instructed them** - "he commanded them" -* **Ephron the Hittite** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:10]]. -* **Machpelah...Mamre** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:17]]. +Here the word "blessed" refers to the speaking of formal blessings. + +# Each one he blessed with an appropriate blessing + +"He gave each son a fitting blessing" + +# he instructed them + +"he commanded them" + +# I am about to go to my people + +This is a polite way of saying he is about to die. AT: "I am about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# go to my people + +Jacob is referring to where his inner man will go when he dies. He expects to join Abraham and Isaac in the afterlife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ephron the Hittite + +This is the name of a man. "Hittite" means "descendent of Heth." See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Machpelah + +Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mamre + +This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/31.md b/gen/49/31.md index 7641be0bba..e039d1c45b 100644 --- a/gen/49/31.md +++ b/gen/49/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:leah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] +Jacob continues speaking to his sons. -## translationNotes +# in it were purchased -* Jacob continues speaking to his sons. -* **were purchased** - Alternate translation: "Abraham purchased" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from the children of Heth** - "from the Hittites" -* **finished these instructions to his sons** - "finished instructing his sons" or "finished commanding his sons" -* **he pulled his feet into the bed** - Jacob was sitting on the bed. Now, Jacob turns and puts his feet in the bed so he can lie down. -* **breathed his last, and went to his people** - See how you translated similar phrases in [[en:bible:notes:gen:25:07]]. +The purchase can be made explicit. AT: "in it were purchased by Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the people of Heth + +"from the Hittites" + +# finished these instructions to his sons + +"finished instructing his sons" or "finished commanding his sons" + +# he pulled his feet into the bed + +Jacob was sitting on the bed. Now, Jacob turns and puts his feet in the bed so he can lie down. + +# breathed his last + +This is a polite way of saying a person died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# went to his people + +After Jacob died, his inner man went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/intro.md b/gen/49/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1401f20f72 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/49/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Genesis 49 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 49:1-27. This is a recording of Jacob's sayings to his children. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecies ##### +These statements made by Jacob to his sons are probably prophecies. These prophecies are concerned with the descendants of each of Jacob's sons who would become the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The scepter will not depart from Judah" ##### +This prophecy indicates Judah will be the ruling tribe of Israel. The future kings of Israel all come from the tribe of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### "I buried Leah" ##### +Since Moses wrote the book of Genesis, this is an editorial comment he makes in the text as the narrator. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 49:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../48/intro.md) | [>>](../50/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/01.md b/gen/50/01.md index 1521288897..72664a931c 100644 --- a/gen/50/01.md +++ b/gen/50/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# that he collapsed on the face of his father -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The term "he collapsed" is an idiom for being overcome. AT: "that he fell on his father in grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# his servants the physicians -* **Then Joseph hugged his father’s face** - "Then Joseph fell on his father in grief" or "Joseph threw himself on his father" -* **his servants the physicians** - "his servants who took care of dead bodies" -* **to embalm** - a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. -* **They took forty days** - "They took 40 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **seventy days** - "70 days" +"his servants who took care of dead bodies" + +# to embalm his father + +To "embalm" is a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. AT: "to prepare his father's body for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# They took forty days + +"They took 40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy days + +"70 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/04.md b/gen/50/04.md index 067820474b..32891418ba 100644 --- a/gen/50/04.md +++ b/gen/50/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# days of weeping -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"days of mourning him" or "days of weeping for him" -## translationNotes +# Joseph spoke to Pharaoh's royal court -* **days of weeping** - "days of mourning him" or "days of weeping for him" -* **If now I have found favor in your eyes** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:gen:30:27]]. -* **See, I am about to die** - "See, I am dying" -* **as he made you swear** - "as you swore to him" +Here "royal court" stands for the officials that make up Pharaoh's royal court. AT: "Joseph spoke to Pharaoh's officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If now I have found favor in your eyes + +The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "If I have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# please speak to Pharaoh, saying, 'My father made me swear, saying, "See, I am about to die. Bury me in my tomb that I dug for myself in the land of Canaan. There you will bury me." Now let me go up and bury my father, and then I will return.' + +This has a two level quotation and three level quotation. These can be stated as indirect quotations. AT: "please tell Pharaoh that my father made me swear that after he dies I would bury him in the tomb that he dug for himself in the land of Canaan. Please ask Pharaoh to let me go bury my father, and then I will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# See, I am about to die + +"See, I am dying" + +# let me go up + +It was common to use the phrase "go up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. + +# Pharaoh answered + +It is implied that the members of the court spoke to Pharaoh, and now Pharaoh is replying to Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as he made you swear + +"as you swore to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/07.md b/gen/50/07.md index d7c7eecdc4..d331836d51 100644 --- a/gen/50/07.md +++ b/gen/50/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Joseph went up -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goshen]] +It was common to use the phrase "went up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. -## translationNotes +# All the officials ... the courtiers ... the senior officials -* **all the officials of Pharaoh** - all of Pharaoh's key leaders attended the burial procession. -* **courtiers of his household** - These were Pharaoh's royal family line. -* **with all Joseph's household and his brothers, and his father’s household** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "Joseph's household, his brothers, and his father's household also went with him." -* **But they left their little ones** - "But they left their children" -* **It was a very large group of people** - "It was a very large gathering" +All of Pharaoh's most important leaders attended the burial procession. + +# courtiers + +This person was a royal advisor. + +# the courtiers of his household + +Here "household" refers to Pharaoh's royal court. + +# land of Egypt, with all Joseph's household and his brothers, and his father's household + +This can be translated as a new sentence: "land of Egypt. Joseph's household, his brothers, and his father's household also went with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# Joseph's household ... father's household + +Here "household" refers to their families. + +# Chariots + +Here this stands for the men riding in the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It was a very large group of people + +"It was a very large gathering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/10.md b/gen/50/10.md index 4565784e0a..a2db17e0e2 100644 --- a/gen/50/10.md +++ b/gen/50/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When they came -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] +The word "they" refers to the participants in the burial procession. -## translationNotes +# floor of Atad -* **When they came** - The word "they" refers to the burial procession. -* **floor of Atad** - The word "Atad" means "thorn" and it may refer to the large amounts of thorns that grew in the area. Or, it may be the name of the person who owns the threshing floor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they mourned with very great and grievous sorrow** - "they were extremely sad and they mourned deeply" -* **a seven day** - "a 7 day" -* **in the floor of Atad** - "in the threshing floor of Atad" -* **This is a very sad occasion for the Egyptians** - "The mourning of the Egyptians is very great" -* **Abel-Mizraim** - Mizraim** - The translator can a add a footnote that says: "The name Abel-Mizraim means "the mourning of Egypt.'" +Possible meanings are 1) the word "Atad" means "thorn" and it may refer to a place where large amounts of thorns grew, or 2) it may be the name of the person who owns the threshing floor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they mourned with very great and grievous sorrow + +"they were extremely sad and they mourned very much" + +# a seven-day + +"a 7-day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the floor of Atad + +Possible meanings are 1) "on the threshing floor that belonged to a man named Atad" or "in the threshing floor at a place called Atad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# This is a very sad occasion for the Egyptians + +"The mourning of the Egyptians is very great" + +# Abel Mizraim + +The translator can add a footnote that says: "The name Abel Mizraim means "the mourning of Egypt.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/12.md b/gen/50/12.md index 1e221c9c81..1d931d5df4 100644 --- a/gen/50/12.md +++ b/gen/50/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# So his sons -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] +"So Jacob's sons" -## translationNotes +# just as he had instructed them -* **So his sons** - "So Jacob's sons" -* **just as he had instructed them** - "just as he had directed them" -* **Machpelah...Mamre** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:17]]. -* **Ephron the Hittite** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:gen:23:10]]. -* **Joseph returned into Egypt** - "Joseph returned to Egypt" -* **all who had accompanied him** - "all who had come with him" +"just as he had directed them" + +# His sons carried him + +"His sons took his body" + +# Machpelah + +Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mamre + +This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ephron the Hittite + +This is the name of a man. "Hittite" means "descendent of Heth." See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Joseph returned into Egypt + +"Joseph returned to Egypt" + +# all who had accompanied him + +"all who had come with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/15.md b/gen/50/15.md index 2f478101a0..0286693427 100644 --- a/gen/50/15.md +++ b/gen/50/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# What if Joseph holds on to anger against us -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Here anger is spoken of as if it was something physical that Joseph could hold in his hands. AT: "What if Joseph is actually still angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# wants to repay us in full for all the evil we did to him -* **What if Joseph bears a grudge** - "What if Joseph is angry with us" -* **Your father gave instructions before he died, saying** - Jacob was the father of all the brothers. Here they say "your father" to emphasize that Joseph needs to pay attention to what his father said. Alternate translation: "Before our father died he said." -* **and the wrong they did when they treated your so badly** - "for the wicked things they did to you" -* **Now please forgive the servants of the God of your father** - "Now please forgive us, the servants of the God of our father, for the wicked things we did to you" -* **Joseph wept when the message was brought to him** - "Joseph wept when he heard this message" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Avenging oneself against someone who harmed him is spoken of as if the person were paying they other person what they are owed. AT: "wants revenge for the evil thing we did to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your father gave instructions before he died, saying, 'Tell Joseph this, "Please forgive the transgression of your brothers and their sin when they did evil to you."' + +This has a two level quotation and a three level quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. AT: "Your father instructed us before he died to tell you to forgive us for the evil thing we did to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Your father gave instructions before he died, saying + +Jacob was the father of all the brothers. Here they say "your father" to emphasize that Joseph needs to pay attention to what his father said. AT: "Before our father died he said" + +# and their sin when they did evil to you + +"for the wicked things they did to you" + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# please forgive the servants of the God of your father + +The brothers are referring to themselves as "the servants of the God of your father." This can be stated in first person. AT: "please forgive us, the servants of the God of our father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Joseph wept when they spoke to him + +"Joseph wept when he heard this message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/18.md b/gen/50/18.md index a94fde0188..19cd7dabbe 100644 --- a/gen/50/18.md +++ b/gen/50/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# lay facedown before him -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +They lay down with their faces toward the ground. This is a sign of humility and respect for Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# Am I in the place of God? -* **lay facedown before him** - They lay down with their faces toward the ground. This is a sign of humility and respect for Joseph. -* **Am I in the place of God?** - Joseph uses a question to comfort his brothers. Alternate translation: "I am not in the place of God" or "I am not God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you meant to harm me** - "you intended to do evil against me" -* **God meant it for good** - "God intended it for good" -* **So now do not be afraid** - "So do not fear me" -* **I will provide for you and your little children.** - "I will always make sure you and your children have enough to eat." -* **He comforted them in this way and spoke kindly to them.** - "He comforted them by speaking kindly to them." +Joseph uses a question to comfort his brothers. AT: "I am not in the place of God." or "I am not God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you meant to harm me + +"you intended to do evil against me" + +# God meant it for good + +"God intended it for good" + +# So now do not be afraid + +"So do not fear me" + +# I will provide for you and your little children + +"I will always make sure you and your children have enough to eat" + +# He comforted them in this way and spoke kindly to their hearts + +Here "hearts" refers to the brothers. AT: "He comforted them by speaking kindly to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/22.md b/gen/50/22.md index 2795bc390d..4279621d9a 100644 --- a/gen/50/22.md +++ b/gen/50/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# one hundred ten years -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] +"110 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Ephraim's children to the third generation -* **Machir** - This is the name of Joseph's grandson. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They were "born on his knees"** - This expression meant that they received special inheritance rights. AT: "Joseph gave them special inheritance rights." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Ephraim's children and grandchildren" + +# Machir + +This is the name of Joseph's grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who were placed on the knees of Joseph + +This expression means that Joseph adopted these children of Machir as his own children. This means they would have special inheritance rights from Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/24.md b/gen/50/24.md index 77044605cd..2eaf5f9390 100644 --- a/gen/50/24.md +++ b/gen/50/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# surely come to you -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +In [Genesis 50:24/26](./24.md) the word "you" refers to Joseph's brothers, but it also stands for their descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# lead you up out of this land to the land -* **surely come to you** - In 50:24-26 the word "you" refers to Joseph's brothers, but it also includes their descendants. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **lead you up out of this land to the land** - "bring you up out of this land and take you to the land" -* **After they embalmed him** - See how you translated "embalmed" in [[en:bible:notes:gen:50:01]]. -* **in a coffin** - "in a chest" or "in a case." This is a box a dead person is placed in. +It was common to use the word "up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. AT: "bring you out of this land and take you to the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# 110 years + +"one hundred and ten years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# They embalmed him + +To "embalm" is a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. See how you translated "embalmed" in [Genesis 50:1](./01.md). + +# he was placed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they placed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in a coffin + +"in a chest" or "in a case." This is a box a dead person is placed in. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/intro.md b/gen/50/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0618d390cc --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/50/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 50 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Embalming ##### +Embalming was practiced in Egypt on very important people when they died. They removed the liquids from the body then wrapped it in an attempt to preserve the body from decay. + +##### Joseph's character ##### +Joseph's character was so upright that Pharaoh's officials went with him to Canaan to bury Jacob. This was a very large funeral procession. He also learned lessons from earlier in his life and unified his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/upright]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 50:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../49/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/front/intro.md b/gen/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0bcc14db92 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# Introduction to Genesis # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Genesis #### + +1. From the Creation to the Tower of Babel + - The account of the creation of the heavens and the earth (1:1–4:26) + - The account of Adam (5:1–6:8) + - The account of Noah (6:9–11:9) + - The account of Shem (11:10–11:26) + - The account of Terah (11:27–11:32) +1. The accounts of the Patriarchs + - The account of Abraham (12:1-25:11) + - The account of Ishmael (25:12–25:18) + - The account of Isaac (25:19–35:29) + - The account of Esau (36:1–37:1) + - The account of Jacob (37:2–50:26) + +#### What is Genesis about? #### + +Genesis is a record of God's mighty acts, the beginning of human life, and how sin brought death and separation between people and God. Yet Genesis gives us hope and tells us about God's ultimate promise to save us. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"Genesis" means "in the beginning," so translators should express in their title this idea. Titles such as "The Beginning of Things" may be suitable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote Genesis? #### + +The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Genesis. + +#### What are the different parts of Genesis? #### + +Genesis 1–11 is an account of the early years of creation. It very briefly records significant events occurring over a period of several thousand years. Genesis 12–50 focuses on the special relationship God began with Abraham and his descendants. Abraham's descendants, who came to be known as the Hebrews and later as Israelites, would come to worship Yahweh. Genesis ends with Abraham's descendants living in Egypt with the hope of returning one day to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What are the covenants mentioned in Genesis? #### + +There are three covenants mentioned in Genesis. The covenant with Adam involved God's instruction not to eat fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. The punishment for disobedience would be death. The covenant that God made with Noah was a promise to never again destroy the world with a flood. God made yet another covenant with Abraham. In it, God promised to make his descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect them and to give them land of their own. + +#### What was God's purpose for the book of Genesis? #### + +The book of Genesis says that a perfect God created a perfect world. However, the world became imperfect because human beings began to sin. But Genesis shows that God continues to have complete control over the world. + +Genesis also describes the start of God's plan to bring the sinful world back to himself. An important event in this process occurred when God began a special relationship with Abraham and his descendants. He expressed this relationship in a covenant with Abraham. + +#### What was the custom for inheritance as described by Genesis? #### + +The cultural concepts of inheritance and of the passing on of a father's blessing are very significant in Genesis. The blessing that Abraham passed on to his son Isaac placed him as an ancestor of the people of Israel. This is unlike the experience of Ishmael, Abraham's other son, who did not receive that same divine blessing. Likewise, Isaac's older son Esau foolishly gave up the same blessing, which his younger brother Jacob received instead. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +Additionally, it was customary for a man to divide among his sons his material wealth and land. All his sons received equal portions, except that the oldest son received twice as much. The oldest son's portion was called a double portion. It was this double portion that Esau also gave up. + +#### How does Genesis present sin and evil? #### + +Ancient Near Eastern societies, like many societies today, view sin and disasters of all kinds as if they were physical dirt or rottenness that could spread among people, throughout their communities, and even their land. As a result, many societies have very little trouble understanding the Genesis account of how sin was introduced into the world. + +These societies also assume that the way to stop the spread of evil is to perform sacrifices. For this reason, many societies still today easily understand the reason for the animal sacrifices of which Genesis speaks. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is one way in which Genesis marks the beginning of important sections? #### + +Genesis uses one Hebrew phrase that the ULB translates as either, "this is the record of," "these were the events concerning," or "these were the descendants of." The information in these sections may have come from sources much older than Moses himself. These passages are 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10, 27; 25:12, 19; 36:1, 9; and 37:2. + +If the translator wants to translate in only two ways, we recommend for most passages a phrase such as, "this is the record about" or "this is information about." Some passages will be better translated, however, as "These were the descendants of." + +#### Why are the beginnings of some narrative sections in Genesis difficult to translate? #### + +This is because Hebrew style often makes an opening statement that summarizes the following narrative. Probable examples of this style occur in Gen. 1:1, 6:22, 18:1, 21:1 and 22:1. + +Many languages, however, do not prefer to summarize a narrative until the end. In this case, translators may choose a different approach. For example, in Gen. 1:1 ("In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth"), translators may decide to translate like this: "This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning." + +#### What is the difference between "people," "peoples," and "people groups"? #### + +The word "people" refers to all the individuals who belong to a group, such as "the people of Israel." The word "peoples" (used in the ULB) refers to groups that speak the same languages, have the same customs, and worship the same gods, such as the peoples of Edom, Moab, and Ammon. The expression "people groups" (used in the UDB) is equivalent to "peoples" in the ULB. The translator should use the most equivalent term that is common in the project language. + +#### What is the relationship between individuals and peoples that have similar names? #### + +Many individually named persons in Genesis eventually had large numbers of descendants who were called after their ancestor's name. For example, Cush was the name of such an individual, but it also became the name of the nation that his descendants formed (the Cushites), as well as the name of the region in which they lived. If possible, when translating these names, the translator should make a strong resemblance between them, as, for example, "Cush" and "Cushite" or "Moab" and "Moabite." Otherwise, the translator may say, "the descendants of Cush." + +#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Gen. 19:37, 19:38, 22:14, 26:33, 32:32, 35:20, 47:26, 48:18. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/01.md b/hab/01/01.md index 2c8fd23eae..bf64569c39 100644 --- a/hab/01/01.md +++ b/hab/01/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The message that Habakkuk the prophet received, -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These words introduce the first two chapters of the book. It is implicit that Habakkuk received this message from Yahweh. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "This is the message that Habakkuk the prophet received from Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh -* **The pronouncement that Habakkuk the prophet received** - These words introduce the first two chapters of the book. If your language requires a complete sentence here, "This is the message that Habakkuk the prophet received from God." +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# how long shall I cry for help, and you will not hear? + +The reader should understand that Habakkuk has been crying to Yahweh for help for a long time. He asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how much longer it will be before Yahweh responds. AT: "how much longer shall I cry for help before you will respond?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/03.md b/hab/01/03.md index 51ad38cc36..e60175c87d 100644 --- a/hab/01/03.md +++ b/hab/01/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:strife]] +Habakkuk continues his prayer to God. -## translationNotes +# Destruction and violence are before me -* Habakkuk continues his prayer to God. -* **contention rises up** - "fighting among the people is becoming more common" -* **the wicked surround the righteous** - This can mean that righteous people suffer injustice because 1) "wicked people have more power than righteous people" (see UDB) or 2) "there are more wicked people than righteous people." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **false justice goes out** - AT: "evil happens instead of justice" or "injustice increases" +The words "destruction" and "violence" can be translated with a verbal phrase. The idiom "before me" means that Habakkuk witnesses these things happening. AT: "I witness people destroying things and acting violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# contention rises up + +The word "contention" refers to conflict between people and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Habakkuk speaks of there being more contention between people as if contention rises up. AT: "there is more conflict between people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the law is weakened + +Habakkuk speaks of people not obeying or enforcing the law as if they had made the law weak and unable to act. AT: "no one enforces the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked surround the righteous + +Habakkuk speaks of wicked people causing righteous people to suffer injustice as if the wicked people surrounded the righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# false justice goes out + +Habakkuk speaks of judges giving decisions that they say are just but that are not as if "false justice" were going out to the people. AT: "judges give verdicts that are not just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/05.md b/hab/01/05.md index c8daee0977..6aee5aacd5 100644 --- a/hab/01/05.md +++ b/hab/01/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] +Yahweh responds to Habakkuk. -## translationNotes +# be amazed and astonished -* Yahweh answers the prayer of Habakkuk. -* **Look at the nations and examine them** - "Learn what is happening in other nations" -* **They...They...themselves** - The Chaldean soldiers. God will raise up the Chaldean nation, and the Chaldeans' soldiers will invade Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the breadth of the land** - This can mean 1) everywhere in Judah (see ULB) or 2) everywhere in the world (see UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **seize** - take by force or steal from the rightful owners -* **dwellings** - "houses" -* **proceed** - "come" +The words "amazed" and "astonished" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the strength of the emotion. AT: "be very amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in your days + +This idiom refers to Habakkuk's lifetime. AT: "during your lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when it is reported to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when someone reports it to you" or "when you hear about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# look! + +The word "look!" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# I am about to raise up the Chaldeans + +Yahweh speaks of making the Chaldeans powerful as if he were raising them up. AT: "I am about to make the Chaldeans very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# impetuous + +Possible meanings are 1) "violent" or 2) "hasty." + +# the breadth of the land + +This can mean 1) everywhere in Judah or 2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# They are terrifying and fearsome + +The words "terrifying" and "fearsome" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the fear that the Chaldeans instilled in other people. AT: "They cause others to be greatly terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# their judgment and splendor proceed from themselves + +The word "splendor" represents their pride in how they view themselves. Yahweh speaks of their opinion of themselves as if the qualities of judgment and splendor came from them. AT: "because they are prideful, they decide for themselves what judgment looks like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/08.md b/hab/01/08.md index 3111535ef2..6fd43d193b 100644 --- a/hab/01/08.md +++ b/hab/01/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Their horses ... their horses -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:wolf]] +the horses of the Chaldean soldiers -## translationNotes +# leopards -* **Their horses...their horses** - the horses of the Chaldean soldiers -* **quicker than the evening wolves** - The horses of the Chaldeans are compared to fierce wolves that run after their prey in the evening when they are very hungry because they have not eaten all day. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **their horsemen** - The Chaldeans' soldiers riding the horses. -* **leopards** - large, swift cats (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **they fly like an eagle** - "the horsemen ride as quickly as eagles fly" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **their multitudes go like a desert wind, and they gather captives like sand** - The Chaldeans are many, and like the grains of sand the wind picks up in a storm are too many to count, so no one can count the people they capture and make prisoners. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +large, swift cats (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the evening wolves + +This refers to wolves that hunt their prey at night. + +# their horsemen + +the Chaldean soldiers who ride the horses + +# they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat + +Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their multitudes go like the desert wind + +Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they gather captives like sand + +Possible meanings are 1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. AT: "they gather captives as one gathers sand" or 2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. AT: "they capture as many people as there are grains of sand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/10.md b/hab/01/10.md index 87e5c03822..13b64b03e8 100644 --- a/hab/01/10.md +++ b/hab/01/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +Yahweh continues to describe the Chaldean soldiers. -## translationNotes +# So they mock kings, and rulers are only a mockery for them -* Yahweh continues describing the Chaldean soldiers. -* **the wind will rush on** - The invading Chaldean army is compared to the wind which rushes through one area and quickly continues on to the next place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word "mockery" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock" or "So all they do is mock kings and rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the wind will rush on + +Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# guilty men, those whose might is their god + +This refers to the Chaldean soldiers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/12.md b/hab/01/12.md index 7f149737f4..1e6951bb24 100644 --- a/hab/01/12.md +++ b/hab/01/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:ordain]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Habakkuk speaks to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. -## translationNotes +# Are you not from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One? -* Habakkuk speaks to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. -* **Are you not from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One?** - Alternate translation: "You are eternal, Yahweh my God, my Holy One." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **them...them** - the Chaldeans -* **Rock** - the protector of Israel (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **established them for correction** - AT: "established them for the purpose of correcting Israel" -* [[:en:bible:notes:hab:01:10]] ]] +Habakkuk asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You surely are from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# from ancient times + +"eternal" + +# has ordained them for judgment, and you, Rock, have established them for correction + +The word "them" refers to the Chaldeans. The words "judgment" and "correction" can be translated with verbs. The reader should understand that the Chaldeans will judge and correct Yahweh's people. AT: "has ordained them to judge his people, and you, Rock, have established them to correct your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Rock + +Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh being the one who protects him and keeps him safe as if he were a rock upon which Habakkuk could stand in order to be out of his enemies' reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/13.md b/hab/01/13.md index fe594cf561..6d943f0c0e 100644 --- a/hab/01/13.md +++ b/hab/01/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. -## translationNotes +# Your eyes are too pure -* Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. -* **"those who betray"** - "the Chaldeans, whom no one can trust" -* **swallow up** - "destroy" (UDB) -* **like fish in the sea ... like creeping things** - These two phrases express the same idea that God has allowed the Chaldeans to treat the Israelites as if they were creatures with very little value, and not like people should be treated. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh who sees. AT: "You are too pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# those who betray + +This refers to the Chaldeans. The word "betray" refers to people who have been disloyal or have broken agreements that they have made. + +# Why are you silent while the wicked swallow up those more righteous than they are? + +Habakkuk speaks of wicked people destroying others as if the wicked were swallowing them. AT: "Why are you silent while the wicked destroy those more righteous than they are?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those more righteous than they are + +This refers to the Israelites, about whom Habakkuk had been complaining. The reader should understand that these are wicked people, but they are "more righteous than" or not as wicked as the Chaldeans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# You make men like fish in the sea + +Habakkuk compares the way in which the Chaldeans will kill people without remorse with the way in which people will kill fish without remorse. AT: "You cause men to become no more important than fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like creeping things without a ruler over them + +The words "creeping things" refer to insects and other bugs that crawl about. Just as insects have no ruler to organize and defend them, the people are defenseless before the Chaldean army. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "you make men as defenseless as insects that have no ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/15.md b/hab/01/15.md index ffce3696dc..752d63fd23 100644 --- a/hab/01/15.md +++ b/hab/01/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. -## translationNotes +# He brings ... he continually slaughter -* Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. -* **fishhooks...fish-nets** - nets** - tools used to catch fish -* **net** - a tool used to catch "creeping things" ([[:en:bible:notes:hab:01:13]]) -* **fattened beasts are their portion, and the fatty meat is their food** - Alternate translation: "the best animals and the finest meat is their share of the food" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **portion** - a small part of something bigger that is shared between many people -* **empty their net** - A fisherman will empty his net in order to throw it again and catch more fish. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +In 1:15-17 the singular pronoun "he" and "his" refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. AT: "They bring ... they continually slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all of them ... drags men away ... gathers them + +Here "them" and "men" refer to people in general. This can be stated in first person to include Habakkuk as one of the people. AT: "all of us ... drags us away ... gathers us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# He brings all of them up with a fishhook ... in his dragnet + +Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans conquering people easily as if the people were fish that the Chaldeans catch with fishhooks and fishnets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fishhook ... fishnet ... dragnet + +tools used to catch fish + +# he sacrifices to his net and burns incense to his dragnet + +Habakkuk speaks of the weapons that the Chaldeans use to conquer people and nations as if the weapons were fishing nets that they use to catch fish. AT: "they offer sacrifices and burn incense to the weapons that they use in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will he therefore keep emptying his net, and will he continually slaughter the nations without mercy? + +Habakkuk asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how long Yahweh will allow the Chaldeans to continue to destroy people and nations. AT: "Will you therefore let them empty their fishing nets and continue to slaughter the nations while they feel no compassion?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# keep emptying his net + +Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans preparing to conquer more nations as if they were fishermen who empty their nets so that they can use them to catch more fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/intro.md b/hab/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3fc9ff60da --- /dev/null +++ b/hab/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Habakkuk 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:1-17, which are extended quotations. + +This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Injustice ##### + +Habakkuk sees great injustice, especially in the defeat of Israel by the Assyrians. He cries out to Yahweh to ask him to put an end to it. He is questioning Yahweh, but he trusts in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Chaldeans ##### +Yahweh will raise up the Chaldeans to bring justice to the Hebrew people. They will defeat the Assyrians. At this time, the Chaldeans were an insignificant city and people group. This was probably intended to show the power of Yahweh. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Habakkuk 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Habakkuk intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/01.md b/hab/02/01.md index 0f66e2137c..e505df5855 100644 --- a/hab/02/01.md +++ b/hab/02/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will stand at my guard post and station myself on the watchtower -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh's response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to see what he will say to me -* **I...my...me** - Habakkuk -* **he** - Yahweh -* **I will stand at my guard-post and station myself on the watchtower** - post and station myself on the watchtower** - These phrases say the same thing in two different ways. "I will stand at my post on the watchtower" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) Habakkuk uses these phrases to compare himself waiting to hear from God to a soldier standing guard on a watchtower. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I should turn from my complaint** - The word "turn" compares someone changing their mind to turning from one thing to another. "I should stop complaining and agree with God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"to see what Yahweh will say to me" + +# how I should turn from my complaint + +Here the word "turn" refers to returning an answer. Habakkuk considers what answer he will give concerning the things that he has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/02.md b/hab/02/02.md index 918857e05e..6b7e85e042 100644 --- a/hab/02/02.md +++ b/hab/02/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh answers Habakkuk. -## translationNotes +# Record this vision, and write plainly on the tablets -* Yahweh answers Habakkuk. -* **Record this vision, and write plainly upon the tablets** - Both of these phrases are saying the same thing in two different ways. Alternate translation: "Write clearly on tablets what God is about to tell you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **tablets** - These are flat pieces of stone or clay that were used for writing. -* **the one reading them might run** - This can mean 1) someone will run with the tablets and read them to people (see UDB) or 2) anyone who reads them will be able to read them easily (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and will finally speak** - What is written will happen or become real. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and will not tarry** - Possible meanings: 1) "and will not wait" or 2) "and will not come slowly" +Both of these phrases are saying the same thing in two different ways. AT: "Write this vision clearly on the tablets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# tablets + +These are flat pieces of stone or clay that were used for writing. + +# so that the one reading them might run + +Possible meanings are 1) that the message is easy enough to read that a messenger can read it as he runs from place to place proclaiming the message. AT: "so that the one reading the tablets might be able to run as he reads" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of reading something very quickly as if the person who reads it is running. AT: "so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the vision ... will finally speak + +Yahweh speaks of the events in the vision happening as if the vision were a person who speaks. AT: "the vision ... will finally happen" or "the vision ... will finally come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Though it delays, wait for it. For it will surely come and will not tarry + +Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# will not tarry + +Possible meanings are 1) "will not be late" or 2) "will not come slowly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/04.md b/hab/02/04.md index 2b472ddadf..2a9939a797 100644 --- a/hab/02/04.md +++ b/hab/02/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:puffed-up]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. Here he speaks of the Chaldeans as if they were one prideful, drunken man who can never have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Look! -* Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” -* **Man's soul is puffed up...within himself...the arrogant young man...he will not abide, but enlarges his desire...and...is never satisfied. He gathers to himself...and gathers up for himself** - Yahweh speaks of the Chaldeans as though they are one person. "The souls of the Chaldeans are puffed up...within themselves...the arrogant young men...they will not abide, but enlarge their desire...and...are never satisfied. They gather to themselves...and gather up for themselves." -* **upright** - correct or as it should be (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **He gathers to himself every nation and gathers up for himself all of the peoples** - This is saying the same thing in two different ways. "He collects all the people from every nation" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) "He" refers to the Chaldeans as though they are one person. -* **gathers** - "collects" -* **every...all** - a very large number (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The word "Look!" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# is puffed up + +Yahweh speaks of the person who is prideful as if the person were "puffed up." AT: "is very prideful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For wine is a betrayer of the arrogant young man + +Yahweh speaks of how a person's judgment is impaired by drinking too much wine as if wine were a person who betrays the one who drinks it. AT: "For the arrogant young man does not get from wine what he wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# so that he will not abide + +Here the word "abide" refers to dwelling in a home and is a metaphor for having no place to rest. AT: "so that he will not be able to rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# enlarges his desire like the grave and, like death, is never satisfied + +Yahweh speaks of there always being more people to die as if "the grave" and "death" were people who are never satisfied with eating. In the same way, this person always wants more and is never satisfied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He gathers to himself every nation and gathers up for himself all of the peoples + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of conquering nations and capturing the people as if it were gathering nations and peoples to oneself. AT: "He conquers for himself the people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/06.md b/hab/02/06.md index b9887b4386..d597e04705 100644 --- a/hab/02/06.md +++ b/hab/02/06.md @@ -1,24 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Will not all these create -* Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. He refers to the Chaldeans as though they are one person. -* **people** - The word "people" refers to the Israelites. -* **take up** - This can mean 1) "begin to use" a proverb of their own or 2) "begin repeating" someone else's proverb -* **a taunting proverb** - A statement meant to make someone angry or point out their faults. -* **For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken?** - "At some time you will no longer be able to take pledges from people." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) This can mean 1) the Chaldeans are like robbers who are carrying around pledges they have forced other people to sign or 2) Yahweh is keeping an account of what the Chaldeans have stolen and will someday require them to pay it back. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **pledges** - promise notes given for a debt that is owed, often written on clay -* **Won't the ones gnashing at you rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you awaken** - This question was asked in order to make the Chaldeans think about the answer. "The ones who are angry at you will come against you, the ones you are afraid of will begin to attack" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **gnashing** - biting or pressing their teeth together to show anger or sorrow -* **rise up** - "become more numerous" or "become more powerful" -* **plundered** - stolen or taken by force. -* **on account** - "because" +The words "all these" refer to the nations and peoples from [Habakkuk 2:5](./04.md). This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "All of these nations and peoples will certainly create" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Woe to the one increasing what is not his + +It is implicit that he is increasing his possession of things that do not belong to him. AT: "Woe to the one who claims for himself more and more things that do not belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? + +The word "pledges" refers to objects that people give to others from whom they have borrowed money as a guarantee that they will repay their debt. As the man collects more and more pledges, the total weight of the pledges that he carries increases. + +# For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? + +The Chaldeans robbing the people of the nations of their wealth is spoken of as if the Chaldeans were a person who forces others to give him pledges and to pay him what they do not owe. AT: "For how long will you make yourself rich by extorting others?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will the ones biting at you not rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you awaken? + +This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "The ones biting at you will certainly rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you will awaken." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the ones biting at you + +The Hebrew word translated here as "the ones biting" can also mean "the ones paying interest" or "debtors." In this context, the word probably has both meanings. The phrase is a metaphor in which those whom the man has oppressed and made debtors by forcing them to give him pledges will now oppress him, which is spoken of as if they were biting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the ones terrifying you + +This refers to the same debtors. They will terrify the Chaldeans by attacking them in revenge for the pledges that they were forced to give. + +# rise up ... awaken + +The people of the nations beginning to act against the Chaldeans is spoken of as if they were to "rise up" and to "awaken" from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plunder + +to rob or take things by force + +# you have shed human blood + +The idiom "to shed blood" means "to murder." AT: "you have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/09.md b/hab/02/09.md index 17867cb0d4..b108ab4b88 100644 --- a/hab/02/09.md +++ b/hab/02/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the one who carves out evil gains -* Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. He refers to the Chaldeans as though they are one person. -* **who carves out evil gains for his house** - "who works to get dishonest profits for his family" -* **set his nest on high** - "builds his house far from trouble" -* **the hand of evil** - This can be translated 1) "the hand of evil," treating "evil" as a person (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) or 2) "evil people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **You have devised shame for your house by cutting off many people** - "Because you cut off many people, your family will be suffer shame" -* **You** - singular (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_yousingular]]) -* **cutting off** - destroying (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] -* **sinned against your own soul** - "hurt yourself" -* **stones...rafters of timber** - The "stones" and "rafters of timber" represent the people hurt in the building of the house, who in turn represent the people destroyed by the Chaldeans. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **cry out** - make accusations to God against the house builder -* **answer them** - agree with the accusations +A person making a profit by violent means is spoken of as if he were "carving out" gains from something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who carves out evil gains for his house + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "house" is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. AT: "the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence" or 2) the word "house" is a metonym for "family" and the man has made his family rich through violence. AT: "the one who makes his family rich by violent means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so he can set his nest on high to keep himself safe from the hand of evil + +The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# safe from the hand of evil + +Here the word "hand" is a metonym for power, and the word "evil" is a metonym for people who do evil things. AT: "safe from the power of evil" or "safe from people who will harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have devised shame for your house + +Here to "devise shame" means that the plans that the man devised have resulted in shame. Possible meanings are 1) the word "house" is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man has built. AT: "By your plans, you have brought shame on the house that you have built" or 2) the word "house" is a metonym for "family." AT: "By your plans, you have brought shame on your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cutting off many people + +Killing many people is spoken of as if it were cutting those people off, like one would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "killing many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have sinned against yourself + +The idiom "to sin against oneself" means that the person has done things that will result in his own death or destruction. AT: "have caused your own ruin" or "have brought about your own death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For the stones will cry out from the wall, and the rafters of timber will answer them + +Here the materials with which the man has built his house are personified as witnesses of the crimes that he has committed. If your culture uses different materials to build houses, you can consider using those materials here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# cry out + +"cry out against you" or "cry out to accuse you" + +# will answer them + +"will agree with the stones" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/12.md b/hab/02/12.md index 4fa7df3692..a8085f6c2e 100644 --- a/hab/02/12.md +++ b/hab/02/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Woe to the one who builds a city with blood, and who establishes a town in iniquity -* Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. He refers to the Chaldeans as though they are one person. -* **Woe to the one who builds a city with blood, and who establishes a town in iniquity** - These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. Alternate translation: "A warning to the Chaldeans who built their cities with what they have stolen from the people they have killed" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **with blood** - by killing people (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). Alternate translation: "the one who kills people and steals their goods in order to build a city." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **and who establishes a town in iniquity** - "The one who starts a town through evil behavior." The Chaldeans built their cities using goods stolen from the people they killed. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Is it not from Yahweh of Hosts that peoples labor for fire and that the nations weary themselves for nothing?** - God has caused the destruction of what the people built. It is said in two different ways in order to make the meaning more clear. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is the one who causes what people work hard to build to be destroyed by fire and result in nothing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. AT: "A warning to the Chaldeans who built their cities with what they have stolen from the people they have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the one who builds a city with blood + +Here the word "blood" is a metonym for murder. It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. AT: "the one who kills people and steals their goods in order to build a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who establishes a town in iniquity + +It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Here the word "establishes" means "to begin." AT: "who starts a town by means of the profit that he has acquired through evil behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Is it not from Yahweh of hosts that peoples labor for fire and all the other nations weary themselves for nothing? + +This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. The two clauses share similar meanings that the work that people do will not last. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh is the one who has determined that the things that people work hard to build will be destroyed by fire and result in nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# peoples labor for fire + +This means that the things that people labor to build are ultimately destined to be fuel for fire. AT: "peoples labor to build things that will be used as fuel for fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh as the waters cover the sea + +This simile compares the way in which people everywhere will know of Yahweh's glory with how water fills every part of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh + +The word "knowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/15.md b/hab/02/15.md index f78116ac55..ad9ade99cf 100644 --- a/hab/02/15.md +++ b/hab/02/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the one who forces his neighbors to drink ... you make them drunk -* Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. He refers to the Chaldeans as though they are one person. -* **add your poison** - "add your poison to their drink" (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **You will be gorged with shame rather than glory** - "As you sought great glory, God will bring on you great shame" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **You** - singular (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_yousingular]]) -* **Drink of it** - "Drink from the poisoned cup" -* **The cup of Yahweh's right hand will come in its turn to you** - "As Yahweh has punished other nations with all his might, so he will punish you with all his might" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **The cup** - "The poisoned wine" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **right hand** - the stronger hand -* ** will come in its turn to you** - "will come to you as it did to others" -* **disgrace will cover your honor** - "everyone will see your disgrace and no one will see your honor" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The way that the Chaldeans cruelly treated other nations is spoken of as if they were a man who forces his neighbors to become drunk so that he can humiliate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who forces his neighbors to drink + +It is implied that he makes his neighbor drink wine. AT: "the one who forces his neighbors to drink wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in order to look at their nakedness + +"so you can look at them when they are naked." This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating people by stripping them naked in front of others. AT: "so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You will be filled with shame instead of glory + +The Chaldeans passionately pursuing their own glory is spoken of as if they were eating or drinking it greedily and excessively. Instead of attaining glory, they will find only shame. AT: "You will bring shame upon yourself instead of the glory that you seek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Drink + +Others treating the Chaldeans the way that the Chaldeans had treated others is spoken of as if the Chaldeans were to drink the wine that they had forced others to drink. AT: "Drink from the cup" or "Drink the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you will expose your uncircumcised foreskin + +This phrase is similar to the Chaldeans forcing others to strip naked so that they could look at their nakedness. Here the words "uncircumcised foreskin" indicate that they will be humiliated not just by being naked, but because their uncircumcision proves that they do not belong to Yahweh's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The cup in Yahweh's right hand is coming around to you + +Yahweh punishing the Chaldeans is spoken of as if he were forcing them to drink wine from a cup that he holds in his hand. Yahweh's right hand represents his power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The cup in Yahweh's right hand + +"The cup that Yahweh holds in his right hand" or "The cup that Yahweh is holding" + +# is coming around to you + +"will come to you as it did to others" or "will pass along to you" + +# disgrace will cover your glory + +The Chaldeans experiencing disgrace instead of glory is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that covers the glory that they thought they had. AT: "disgrace will replace your glory" or "people will disgrace you instead of honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/17.md b/hab/02/17.md index 2c3a7211a0..2021cb6508 100644 --- a/hab/02/17.md +++ b/hab/02/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The violence done to Lebanon will overwhelm you -* God continues to speak of how he will punish the Chaldeans -* **cover** - overwhelm -* **destruction of beasts will terrify you** - "the deaths of animals will make you afraid" +The Chaldeans being punished for the violence done to Lebanon is spoken of as if their violent actions were a person who will overpower them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The violence done to Lebanon + +Possible meanings for the word "Lebanon" are 1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. AT: "The violence done to the trees of Lebanon" or 2) it represents the people of Lebanon. AT: "The violence done to the people of Lebanon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the destruction of animals will terrify you + +The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if their destruction were a person who will terrify them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# For you have shed human blood ... all who live in them + +See how you translated this sentence in [Habakkuk 2:8](./06.md). + +# you have shed human blood + +The idiom "to shed blood" means "to murder." AT: "you have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/18.md b/hab/02/18.md index 1ec0751cf4..a3a64054e6 100644 --- a/hab/02/18.md +++ b/hab/02/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# What does the carved figure profit you? -* **you** - the word "you" refers to the Chaldeans. -* **cast figure** - This is a statue created by pouring liquid metal into something carved in the form that is wanted. The metal will take the form of the cast and harden as a figure or statue. -* **molten** - This is the word for metal when it is in its liquid form. -* **he is a teacher of lies** - This phrase refers to the carved figure. By being in the form of a false god, he is teaching a lie. +This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The carved figure profits you nothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you + +The word "you" refers to the Chaldeans. + +# molten metal + +This describes metal when it is in its liquid form. + +# a teacher of lies + +This phrase refers to the one who carved or cast the figure. By making a false god, he is teaching a lie. + +# Or to the silent stone + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "Woe to the one saying to the silent stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Do these things teach? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "These things cannot teach." or "Wood and stone cannot teach." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See + +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# it is overlaid with gold and silver + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person overlays the wood or stone with gold and silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there is no breath at all within it + +The idiom "no breath ... within it" means that it is not alive, but dead. AT: "it is not alive" or "it is dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all the land + +Here the word "land" is a metonym for the people who live in the land. AT: "everyone in the land" or "everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/intro.md b/hab/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72eeeec554 --- /dev/null +++ b/hab/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Habakkuk 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:1-20, which are extended quotations. + +This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The righteous will live by his faith" ##### +This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Habakkuk 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/01.md b/hab/03/01.md index 9205300c81..d0c3add61d 100644 --- a/hab/03/01.md +++ b/hab/03/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The prayer of Habakkuk the prophet: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These words introduce the third chapter of this book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "This is the prayer that Habakkuk the prophet prayed to Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# I have heard your report -* **I have heard your report** - This can mean 1) "I have heard people talk about what you have done" (see UDB) or 2) "I heard what you just said." -* **revive your work** - "bring your work back to life" or "do again what you did before" -* **make it known** - " make your work known" +Possible meanings are 1) "I have heard people talk about what you have done in the past" or 2) "I have heard what you just said." + +# revive your work + +Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh doing again the things that he has done in the past as if Yahweh were to cause his work to live again. AT: "bring your work back to life" or "what you did before, do again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the midst of these times + +This idiom refers to the time at which Habakkuk prayed this prayer, as opposed to times when Yahweh had acted in the past to rescue his people. AT: "in our own times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# make it known + +"make your work known" or "cause people to know your work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/03.md b/hab/03/03.md index de8a047acf..14d3d63f4b 100644 --- a/hab/03/03.md +++ b/hab/03/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Habakkuk begins to describe his vision of Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision continues through [Habakkuk 3:15](./14.md). It is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# God came from Teman, and the Holy One from Mount Paran +Teman and Mount Paran were both located south of Judah. Habakkuk speaks of God coming to Judah from the direction of Mount Sinai. + +# His glory covered the heavens + +"His splendor covered the sky." Here the word "glory" refers to the bright light that biblical writers often associate with God's presence. + +# the earth was full of his praise + +Here the word "praise" is a metonym for God's qualities that cause people to praise him. AT: "the earth was full of his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/04.md b/hab/03/04.md index 497b05e8eb..ccd3b01d20 100644 --- a/hab/03/04.md +++ b/hab/03/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# With brightness like the light -* Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -* **rays** - These are the lines of light that come from light sources such as the sun. -* **his...his...his** - Yahweh's -* **Pestilence** - "Sickness that killed many people" +Here the word "brightness" likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh's glory. Possible meanings are 1) the brightness of Yahweh's glory was like flashes of lightning or 2) the brightness of Yahweh's glory was like the rising of the sun. + +# two-pronged rays flash from his hand + +Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there he hid his power + +The word "there" refers to Yahweh's hand. Possible meanings are 1) the lightning bolts that Habakkuk can see are only a small representation of the full power that he cannot see hidden in Yahweh's hand or 2) Yahweh hides his power in his hand until he is ready to use it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/06.md b/hab/03/06.md index a9e2374f9d..3f2cfb5366 100644 --- a/hab/03/06.md +++ b/hab/03/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# He stood -* Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -* **measured the earth** - This can mean 1) he surveyed it the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors (see ULB) or 2) he made it shake (see UDB). -* **eternal mountains...everlasting hills** - "mountains that have existed since the beginning of time...hills that will exist until the end of time." If your language has no different words for "hills" and "mountains" or for "eternal" and "everlasting," you can combine them as the ULB did. -* **bowed down** - in worship to God. "were flattened to the ground" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position. + +# measured the earth + +Possible meanings are 1) the word translated as "measured" can be "shook" or 2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors. + +# eternal mountains ... everlasting hills + +"mountains that have existed since the beginning of time ... hills that will exist until the end of time." If your language has no different words for "hills" and "mountains" or for "eternal" and "everlasting," you can combine them as the UDB has done. + +# Even the eternal mountains were shattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Even the eternal mountains crumbled" or "He shattered even the eternal mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the everlasting hills bowed down + +The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. AT: "the everlasting hills collapsed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# His path is everlasting + +Possible meanings are 1) the words "His path" may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. AT: "He is everlasting" or 2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. AT: "He walks along an ancient path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/07.md b/hab/03/07.md index 941e9a350c..8301507c14 100644 --- a/hab/03/07.md +++ b/hab/03/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling -* Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -* **the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents...of Midian trembling** - The people of Midian and Cushan who tremble or shake with fear are like tent cloth that moves when the wind blows. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Cushan** - This can be 1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or 2) the same as Cush. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Was Yahweh angry with the rivers? Was your wrath against the rivers, or your fury against the sea...?** - If your language does not have separate words for "angry" and "wrath" and "fury," you can combine the lines: "Was Yahweh angry with the rivers? Was your fury against the sea...?" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) Alternate translation: "Yahweh was not angry with the rivers. Your wrath was not against the rivers, nor was your fury against the sea...." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you rode upon your horses, your chariot of salvation** - As a soldier would ride a horse or a chariot into battle, Yahweh came to save the people of Israel. +Possible meanings are 1) the words "the tents" and "the fabric of the tents" are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. AT: "I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. AT: "I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Cushan + +This can be 1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or 2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# you rode upon your horses and your victorious chariots + +The phrases "your horses" and "your victorious chariots" both refer to the same thing. This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a warrior riding a horse-drawn chariot into battle. AT: "you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/09.md b/hab/03/09.md index d677490cd6..151a2e08f2 100644 --- a/hab/03/09.md +++ b/hab/03/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] +Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# You have brought out your bow without a cover -* **Selah** - This term means “stop and reflect” or “lift up, exalt.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **The mountains saw you and twisted in pain** - As God divided the earth, the mountains moved, as if they could see God's actions and react by turning away from where the earth was divided. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the deep sea raised a shout!** - the sound of large waves in the sea -* **It lifted up its waves!** - water levels rise +This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. AT: "You have prepared to shoot your bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You divided the earth with rivers + +Possible meanings are 1) "You created rivers that divide the lands through which they run" or 2) "You split open the earth and rivers flowed forth." + +# The mountains saw you and twisted in pain + +The effects that Yahweh's presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Downpours of water passed over them + +Possible meanings are 1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or 2) the rain caused raging streams to flow down the mountains. + +# the deep sea raised a shout + +The loud noises that the sea makes as the wind and storm pass over it are spoken of as if the sea were a person who begins to shout loudly. AT: "the deep sea became loud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# It lifted up its waves + +The level of the water in the sea rising and the storm winds causing waves in the sea is spoken of as if the sea were a person who lifts its waves. AT: "Waves began to form in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/11.md b/hab/03/11.md index d56de7bb81..e4f11da9ee 100644 --- a/hab/03/11.md +++ b/hab/03/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# The sun and moon stood still -* Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -* **lofty** - very high -* **at the light of your arrows** - because the light of Yahweh's arrows was so bright -* **gleaming** - bright -* **indignation** - anger at something that is wrong +The sun and moon not moving in the sky is spoken of as if they were people who stopped walking and stood still. AT: "The sun and moon stopped moving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in their high places + +"in the sky" + +# at the flash of your arrows ... at the lightning of your flashing spear + +These two phrases share similar meanings and tell why the sun and moon have stood still. The lightning flashes in the sky are spoken of as if they were arrows that Yahweh shoots from his bow or a shining spear that he throws through the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the flash of your arrows as they fly + +"the flash of your flying arrows" + +# indignation + +"great anger" or "fury" + +# you have threshed the nations + +Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/13.md b/hab/03/13.md index 66cb40499f..9f258cb624 100644 --- a/hab/03/13.md +++ b/hab/03/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. The last sentence in this verse is difficult to translate. Read each of the translationNotes on that sentence below to see different ways to translate it. -## translationNotes +# You went out for the salvation of your people -* Habakkuk describes Yahweh. -* ** your anointed one** - This can also mean "your Messiah," but the reference is clearly to "your people," so use a common noun here, not as a proper name. -* **You shatter the head of the house of the wicked** - "You completely destroy the leader of the wicked people" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "salvation" can be translated with a verb. AT: "You went out to save your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your anointed one + +"the one whom you have anointed." Here this phrase refers to one whom Yahweh has chosen. Possible meanings are 1) "the people you have chosen" or "the nation you have chosen" or 2) "the king you have chosen." + +# You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck + +Possible meanings are 1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and "base" and "neck" represent other parts of the house. AT: "You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building" or "You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation" or 2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person's head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the "head," and "house" represents the people who are the body. AT: "The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck" or "You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/14.md b/hab/03/14.md index 837ff6accf..367ac7b2ff 100644 --- a/hab/03/14.md +++ b/hab/03/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] +Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own arrows -* Habakkuk describes Yahweh destroying the Chaldeans. -* **they came like a storm** - The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **gloating** - "bragging" -* **devours the poor in a hiding place** - finds poor people who are hiding from them and kills them and takes all their goods (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **devours** - eats everything quickly +The word "his" refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. AT: "You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors" or 2) the word "head" refers to the heads of each of the warriors. AT: "With the leader's own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they came like a storm + +The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. AT: "they came quickly like a storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their gloating was like one who devours the poor in a hiding place + +The word "gloating" here means to rejoice for bad reasons and can be translated with a verb. The warriors treating people cruelly or killing them is spoken of as if the warriors were wild beasts who carry their prey to their hiding places in order to eat it. AT: "they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people" or "they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heaped up the great waters + +Yahweh causing the waters to surge is spoken of as if he heaped the water up into piles. AT: "caused the great waters to surge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/16.md b/hab/03/16.md index c8393e6f0e..8285135e27 100644 --- a/hab/03/16.md +++ b/hab/03/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# I heard -* Habakkuk describes his fear when he thinks about how Yahweh would punish the Chaldeans. -* **my inner parts trembled! My lips quivered...Decay comes into my bones...under myself I tremble** - These refer to fear caused by thinking about future events. Habakkuk uses several parts of his body to express that every part of him is afraid. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Decay** - rot +You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are 1) "I heard everything in that vision" or 2) "I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my inner parts trembled + +The word translated here as "inner parts" is literally "belly." If your language has a specific internal organ that it uses to express the feeling of great fear, you can consider using it here. AT: "my heart beat rapidly" or "my stomach turned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# My lips quivered at the sound + +Quivering lips is another spontaneous response that comes with great fear. + +# Decay comes into my bones + +Habakkuk speaks of having no strength in his body as if his bones began to decay. You may consider using an idiom from your own language here. AT: "My body goes limp, as if my bones were rotting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# under myself I tremble + +The words "under myself" refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are 1) "my legs tremble" or 2) "I tremble where I stand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/17.md b/hab/03/17.md index 2875d0a1b5..90ee7ff1f1 100644 --- a/hab/03/17.md +++ b/hab/03/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# though the produce of the olive tree disappoints -* **fig tree...vines...olive tree...fields..flock...cattle** - there is no food. These are almost all the sources of food to be found in the land of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +"though the produce of the olive tree fails" or "though the olive tree fails to produce olives" + +# though the flock is cut off from the fold + +The word "flock" may refer to sheep or goats, or both. The word "fold" refers to the fenced-in area where shepherds keep their flock. Habakkuk speaks of the flock dying as if someone were to cut off the flock, as a person would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "though all the flock dies and the folds are empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/18.md b/hab/03/18.md index 4a719163a5..0efd26cca8 100644 --- a/hab/03/18.md +++ b/hab/03/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Habakkuk continues to describe his reaction to his vision of Yahweh and determines to praise him. -## translationNotes +# the God of my salvation -* Habakkuk praises Yahweh. -* **rejoice…be happy ** - Both words mean "be joyful" (see UDB), but if your language has a special word for rejoicing after winning a battle, use that for "exult" here. -* **makes my feet like hinds’ feet and leads me upon my high places** - Feet like a hind, or a deer, would give Habakkuk the ability to climb steep rocky cliffs. The words "high places" refer to places out of the reach of danger. He is saying God is giving him the ability to find a place of safety. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +The word "salvation" can be translated with a verb. AT: "the God who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he makes my feet like the deer's. He makes me go forward on my high places + +Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh keeping him safe and enabling him to survive during difficult times as if Yahweh were to make him as sure-footed as a deer that can climb easily on rugged and dangerous mountain sides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/intro.md b/hab/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..832f3742d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/hab/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Habakkuk 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:1-20, which is a prayer by Habakkuk. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Poetry ##### +Although this is a prayer, it is in the form of poetry. Habakkuk uses startling imagery to show his fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Habakkuk 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/front/intro.md b/hab/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4a1a1abe3a --- /dev/null +++ b/hab/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# Introduction to Habakkuk # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Habakkuk #### + +1. Will sins go unpunished? (1:1–4) +1. Yahweh's answer: The Babylonians are his chosen instruments to punish Israel (1:5–11) +1. How can Yahweh use wicked, unholy, godless people as his instruments of punishment? (1:12–2:1) +1. Yahweh's answer: All people will be punished, but the "righteous will live by his faith" (2:2–4) +1. The five woes of Habakkuk + - Woe against the thieves (2:6–8) + - Woe against those who use unjust means to gain riches (2:9–11) + - Woe against those who kill in order to build a town (2:12–14) + - Woe against those who abuse their neighbors and do violence to them (2:15–18) + - Woe against those who worship idols when Yahweh is in his holy temple (2:19–20) +1. The prayer of Habakkuk about the glory of Yahweh (3:1–19) + +#### What is the Book of Habakkuk about? #### + +While many other prophets complained about Israel's sin and failure to obey the law of Yahweh, Habakkuk accuses Yahweh by asking him questions about the things he does. Habakkuk says the Babylonians are more evil and are more deserving of Yahweh's punishment. Overall, the book is addressed to the rich people in Judah who mistreated the poor and to the evil religious leaders. Because of this fact, the idea of justice is important in the Book of Habakkuk. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title "The Book of Habakkuk" in a way that is more clear to the readers. They may decide to call it "The Sayings of Habakkuk." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote Habakkuk? #### + +Nothing is known about Habakkuk, from whom this message came. The Chaldean empire, mentioned in several places in Habakkuk, helps us to date Habakkuk's life. The Chaldean empire had power from about 720 to 538 BC. It is probable that Habakkuk worked about the time of Jeremiah, Zephaniah, and Nahum during the reigns of Kings Josiah, Jehoahaz, and Jehoiakim in Judah. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why did God use an evil nation to punish Judah? #### + +Habakkuk seeks to address this issue. He explains that a person should be obedient to Yahweh and should live a righteous life. He says evil must be punished, but that God determines the timing of its punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How do I identify the speaker? #### + +It should be noted that Habakkuk often speaks to Yahweh, and Yahweh replies to him. The translator should be careful to identify the speaker (Habakkuk or Yahweh) in each section. The translator may wish to make the speaker explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### What style of writing is the Book of Habakkuk? #### + +While much of the book of Habakkuk is conversation between the prophet and God, the third chapter is a psalm. This chapter contains information about how to sing this psalm; the author uses musical terms. + +#### Does Habakkuk question or challenge God? #### + +There are times when Habakkuk speaks directly to God in a way that can be taken as challenging God. Habakkuk is not intending to question the authority of Yahweh but is stating, "I do not understand." In some cultures, it may be improper to speak to an authority in this way. It may be necessary to rephrase Habakkuk's questions to emphasize his sincere desire to learn why God is doing what he is doing, without doubting him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/01.md b/hag/01/01.md index a296b68dce..600b772f7c 100644 --- a/hag/01/01.md +++ b/hag/01/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# In the second year of Darius the king -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:YahwehofHosts]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +"In the second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "After Darius had been king for more than a year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Darius ... Haggai ... Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... Jehozadak -* **second year of Darius….sixth month…first day of the month** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]). -* **second year of Darius the king,** - "second year of the reign of Darius the king," or UDB. -* **came by the hand of Haggai** - Haggai was the messenger. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **Darius….Haggai….Zerubbabel….Shealtiel….Jehozadak** - These are all names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the sixth month, on the first day of the month + +"on the first day of the sixth month." This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# by the hand of Haggai + +Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). AT: "through Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh's house + +the temple \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/03.md b/hag/01/03.md index 04d9b4f8f5..95c3b4d6d6 100644 --- a/hag/01/03.md +++ b/hag/01/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# by the hand of Haggai -* **the hand of Haggai** - AT:"came through the words (or 'mouth') of Haggai". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **"Is it a time for you yourselves to live in your finished houses?** - AT: see UDB (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **while this house lies ruined** - The word "house" here refers to the temple of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). -* **but cannot get drunk** - AT: "but you are still thirsty". -* **the wage earner earns money only to put it into a bag full of holes** - AT: "the money you make at a job does not buy you enough" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). +Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). AT: "through Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Is it a time for you ... ruined? + +Yahweh is rebuking the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now is not the time for you ... ruined." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this house + +the temple of Yahweh + +# but cannot get drunk + +There is not enough wine to satisfy the people's thirst and not nearly enough for drunkenness. The reader should understand that the text is not calling drunkenness a good thing. + +# the wage earner earns money only to put it into a bag full of holes + +Not earning enough money to buy necessary goods is spoken of as if the person were losing the money that falls out through holes in the money bag. AT: "the money the worker earns is gone before he finishes buying everything he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/07.md b/hag/01/07.md index 95f68704e5..69a1da29a8 100644 --- a/hag/01/07.md +++ b/hag/01/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# bring timber +This represents only a part of what they needed to build the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# behold -* **bring timber** - This represents only a part of what they needed to build the Temple. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **Yahweh of hosts' declaration** - “what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “what Yahweh of hosts has solemnly said” +"listen carefully" + +# I blew it away + +The people not being able to find what they were looking for is spoken of as if Yahweh had blown on dust so it would go away. AT: "I made sure there was nothing there for you to find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# declares Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/10.md b/hag/01/10.md index f4f5fadf5c..a52fcc05cf 100644 --- a/hag/01/10.md +++ b/hag/01/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the heavens withhold the dew from you -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +The dew that appears at night is spoken of as if it formed in the sky and fell like rain. The sky is spoken of as if it were a person who refused to give a present or a parent who refused to feed his child. AT: "the sky does not allow the dew to fall" or "no dew forms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I have summoned a drought upon the land -* **the heavens** - AT: "the sky" -* **withhold the dew** - AT: "withhold the rains" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). -* **drought** - Dryness that will hinder or prevent the growth of plants and dry up all the water that is needed for animals or people in that area. -* **upon the new wine, upon the oil** - Wine refers to grapes and oil refers to olives. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **labor of your hands!'" ** - "all the hard work you have done!" and UDB (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). +Rain not falling for a long time is spoken of as if Yahweh had told a person to come and make the land dry. AT: "I have kept the rain from falling on the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# upon the new wine, upon the oil + +"Wine" and "oil" are metonyms for grapes and olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the labor of your hands + +The abstract noun "labor" can be translated using the phrase "work hard." The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. AT: "everything you have worked hard to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/12.md b/hag/01/12.md index a9d442e2fe..81024b30ed 100644 --- a/hag/01/12.md +++ b/hag/01/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... Jehozadak ... Haggai -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# obeyed the voice of Yahweh ... the words of Haggai -* **and the words of Haggai the prophet** - "when they heard the words that Haggai the prophet spoke" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **the face of Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **Yahweh's declaration** - “what Yahweh has declared” or “what Yahweh has solemnly said” +The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. AT: "obeyed Yahweh and Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the people feared the face of Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. AT: "the people feared Yahweh" or 2) the face could be a metonym for the person's presence. AT: "the people were afraid to be in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/14.md b/hag/01/14.md index e6448b992f..9014c0d49a 100644 --- a/hag/01/14.md +++ b/hag/01/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh stirred up the spirit of the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the spirit of the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people -* [[en:tw:Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:YahwehofHosts]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. AT: "Yahweh made the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and all the remnant of the people want to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# remnant -* **stirred up the spirit** - means to motivate or influence. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). -* **remnant** - The word "remnant" refers to the people that were still alive after they arrived from their captivity in Babylon and started to rebuild Jerusalem. -* **in the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month, in the second year of Darius the king.** - fourth day of the sixth month, in the second year of Darius the king.** - This is just 23 days after he received the vision. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]). -* **second year of Darius the king,** - "second year of the reign of Darius the king," or UDB. +people who were still alive after being captive in Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem + +# in the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month + +This is just 23 days after he received the vision. This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the second year of Darius the king + +"second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "after Darius had been king for more than one year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/intro.md b/hag/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0058c43c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/hag/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Haggai 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:4-11, which is the poetic part of the quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Farming imagery ##### +Scripture frequently uses the imagery of farming in reference to spiritual matters. The statement "You have sown much seed, but bring in little harvest" indicates that they had done a lot but have very little to show for it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/seed]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Haggai 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Haggai intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/01.md b/hag/02/01.md index acf4e133ff..104148fe13 100644 --- a/hag/02/01.md +++ b/hag/02/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In the seventh month on the twenty-first day of the month -* [[en:tw:Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-first day is near the middle of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came -* **In the seventh month on the twenty-first day of the month,** - first day of the month,** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]). -* **came by the hand of Haggai** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **Haggai, Zerubbabel, Shealtiel, and Jehozakak** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by the hand of Haggai + +Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "through Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Haggai ... Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... Jehozadak + +See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/03.md b/hag/02/03.md index 51113cc927..d496276e98 100644 --- a/hag/02/03.md +++ b/hag/02/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Yahweh speaks to the people about the new temple they are building. They are building it on the same place their ancestors built the former temple, which Nebuchadnezzar completely destroyed. This new temple is much smaller than the former temple. -## translationNotes +# Who is left among you who saw this house in its former glory? -* **Is it not like nothing in your eyes** - "It must look hopeless to you at this time." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **Now, be strong,** - "From now on be strong," +Yahweh speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. He is telling those who had seen the former temple to pay attention. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I want those among you who saw this house in its former glory to pay attention." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# How do you see it now? + +Yahweh is telling them that he knows what they are thinking about the new temple. He speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I know what you think of this new temple." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Is it not like nothing in your eyes? + +Yahweh is telling the people that he understands that they are disappointed because the new temple is so small. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I know that you think it is not important at all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Now, be strong + +"From now on, be strong" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/06.md b/hag/02/06.md index 0f02818915..5522929058 100644 --- a/hag/02/06.md +++ b/hag/02/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will ... shake the heavens ... the earth ... the sea ... the dry land ... every nation -* [[en:tw:YahwehofHosts]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +The words "I will shake the earth" could be translated as "I will cause an earthquake," and that earthquake would shake "the sea" as well as "the dry land," a merism for the entire earth. Yahweh speaks of the heavens and every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# shake -* **shake the heavens and the earth,** - a very great disturbance. +Use the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them. + +# I will fill this house with glory + +Yahweh speaks of glory as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, the temple. Possible meanings are 1) the temple will become very beautiful. AT: "I will make this house very beautiful" or 2) the "precious things" that "every nation will bring" include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. AT: "I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/08.md b/hag/02/08.md index 5803c5ffae..f682acd489 100644 --- a/hag/02/08.md +++ b/hag/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The silver and gold are mine -* [[en:tw:gold]] +The words "silver and gold" are a metonym for the treasures that the nations would bring into the temple ([Haggai 2:7](./06.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -* **'The silver and gold are mine!'** - The words "silver and gold" refer to the treasures brought to the temple. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/10.md b/hag/02/10.md index 5020f4574c..efe485d7c4 100644 --- a/hag/02/10.md +++ b/hag/02/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# in the second year of Darius -* **In the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month** - fourth day of the ninth month** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]). -* **in the second year of Darius** - "in the second year of the reign of Darius" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]). -* **Darius** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). +"in the second year of the reign of Darius" or "when Darius had been king for more than one year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Darius ... Haggai + +See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# meat that is set apart to Yahweh ... holy + +The words "that is set apart to Yahweh" and the word "holy" translate the same Hebrew word. "holy meat ... holy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/13.md b/hag/02/13.md index fc3d88ff07..eccda9753f 100644 --- a/hag/02/13.md +++ b/hag/02/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# because of death -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +"because he has touched a dead body" -## translationNotes +# So Haggai answered and said, "So it is ... is unclean -* **"'So it is with this people and this nation before me!'** - "This is true with the people of Israel!" or "This same principle holds true for the people of Israel!" +Haggai answers the priests with the words that Yahweh told Haggai to tell the priests. AT: "So Haggai answered and told them Yahweh's words: 'So it is ... is unclean" + +# So it is with this people and this nation before me + +"I look at this people and this nation the same way." Yahweh reminds the priests that a clean thing that touches an unclean thing becomes unclean. He then reminds them that he thinks of them as unclean because they have been worshiping idols, and so everything they touch and make becomes unclean. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/15.md b/hag/02/15.md index 56b5f2084e..c0891eba57 100644 --- a/hag/02/15.md +++ b/hag/02/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Before stone was placed upon stone in the temple +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Before you laid the first stones for the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty measures -* **So now, consider from this day forward,** - "Remember what it was like," -* **for twenty measures of grain,** - A "measure" is an unknown amount. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]). -* **fifty measures of wine,** - A "measure" is an unknown amount. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]). -* **I struck you and all the work of your hands** - "I cursed your labor and all your crops". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). +"20 measures." A "measure" is an unknown amount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# fifty measures + +"50 measures." A "measure" is an unknown amount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# all the work of your hands + +"everything you made" or "your crops" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/18.md b/hag/02/18.md index a99f899b33..de2f8f6295 100644 --- a/hag/02/18.md +++ b/hag/02/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Haggai 2:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the day that the foundation of Yahweh's temple was laid -* **the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month** - fourth day of the ninth month** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]). -* **Is there still seed in the storehouse?** - The expected answer is 'no'. This question is used to highlight what the readers already knew. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree** - These are fruits grown in the land. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the day that you laid the foundation of Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Is there still seed in the storehouse? + +Yahweh is preparing the people for the promise he is about to give them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You can see that there is no seed in the storehouse." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree + +"Your grape vines, fig trees, pomegranate trees, and olive trees" + +# the pomegranate + +This is a type of sweet fruit. You may need to make explicit that the tree is being spoken of. AT: "the pomegranate tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/20.md b/hag/02/20.md index 0c7e615586..58fe20af95 100644 --- a/hag/02/20.md +++ b/hag/02/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Haggai ... Zerubbabel -* **Haggai** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **on the twenty-fourth day of the month** - fourth day of the month** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]). -* **I will shake the heavens and the earth** - Yahweh will cause disruption in their world. -* **the heavens and the earth** - This phrase is a figure of speech. AT: "the whole universe". -* **for I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms** - Governments will fall apart in the chaos. -* **the throne of kingdoms** - AT: "government ruled by kings". -* **the chariots and their riders** - "Chariots" were horse-drawn carts used in battle. -* **brother's sword** - AT: "the sword on a fellow soldier". +These are names of men. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# on the twenty-fourth day of the month + +You may need to make explicit which month is spoken of. AT: "on the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I will shake the heavens and the earth + +The words "I will shake the earth" could be translated as "I will cause an earthquake." Yahweh speaks of the heavens as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. See how these ideas are translated in [Haggai 2:6](./06.md).(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shake + +Use the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them. See how you translated this in [Haggai 2:6](./06.md). + +# the heavens and the earth + +This is a merism for "the whole universe" or "everything that exists." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms + +The throne is a metonym for the person sitting on the throne. AT: "I will take kings off of their thrones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the throne of kingdoms + +Here "throne" is a metonym for the king who sits on it. AT: "government ruled by kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will ... destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the nations + +You may need to make explicit that "the nations" are Israel's enemies. AT: "I will make it so the kingdoms of the nations that are Israel's enemies are no longer strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# each one because of his brother's sword + +The sword here is a metonym for violent death. AT: "each one because his brother has killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/23.md b/hag/02/23.md index 4b5433a1c7..d3cc174204 100644 --- a/hag/02/23.md +++ b/hag/02/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# On that day -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"On the day I choose to act" -## translationNotes +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -* **Zerubbabal** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel + +See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will make you like a signet ring + +Kings used a signet ring to seal documents to show that they truly had his authority. Zerubbabel would have authority from Yahweh because he would speak Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/intro.md b/hag/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..47f995ba92 --- /dev/null +++ b/hag/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Haggai 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:3-9, 21-23, which is the poetic part of the quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Unclean ##### +Haggai uses an extended metaphor in this chapter related to ritual cleanliness. While the Jews were not unclean by nature as the Gentiles were, their actions made them unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Haggai 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/front/intro.md b/hag/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4a90966c65 --- /dev/null +++ b/hag/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Introduction to Haggai # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Haggai #### + +1. The temple must be completed if Yahweh's blessings are going to be restored to the nation (1:1–15) +1. The smaller and less impressive temple will be more glorious than the first (2:1–9) +1. Disobedience causes failure in worship; sinful selfishness leads to crop failures (2:10–19) +1. A promise made to Zerubbabel (2:20–23) + +#### What is the Book of Haggai about? #### + +The purpose of Haggai was to encourage the returning exiles to construct a second temple in Jerusalem. His short prophetic ministry lasted only a few months, but his words of encouragement were so effective that the work was quickly completed. The people's disobedience was the reason for economic hardship and crop failures. Obedience to the law of Yahweh could solve these problems. Also, he accused the Levites of failing in their service to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title "The Book of Haggai" in a way that is more clear to the readers. They may decide to call it "The Sayings of Haggai." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Haggai? #### + +The prophet Haggai wrote this book, but very little is known about him. The book was written after the exiles returned from Babylon which occurred during the reign of Darius I in Persia. The prophecies of Haggai probably all occurred during a four-month time frame. Haggai lived at the same time as the prophet Zechariah. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Did Haggai prophesy before Ezra and Nehemiah? #### + +The historical context of this book is likely prior to the lives of Ezra and Nehemiah. The prophecies of Haggai occurred before the events of the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does "consider your ways" mean? #### + +The Lord tells the people to "consider your ways" several times in this book. This is a call to a renewed relationship with Yahweh; it probably seeks a renewal of the covenant. The people responded positively to this command. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/01.md b/heb/01/01.md index e79af3b130..2a7f8f4739 100644 --- a/heb/01/01.md +++ b/heb/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Although this letter does not mention the recipients to whom it was sent, the author wrote particularly to Hebrews (Jews), who would have understood the many Old Testament references. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **radiance** - "light" -* **the very character of his essence** - When a person looks at the Son, he sees what God is like. -* **the word of his power** - "his powerful word" -* **he had achieved cleansing for sins** - "he had finished making us clean from sin" +This prologue lays the background for the whole book: the unsurpassing greatness of the Son — the Son is greater than all. The book begins with emphasizing that the Son is better than the prophets and the angels. + +# in these last days + +"in these final days." This phrase refers to the time when Jesus began his ministry, extending until God establishes his complete rule in his creation. + +# through a Son + +"Son" is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# to be the heir of all things + +The author speaks of the Son as if he will inherit wealth and property from his Father. AT: "to possess all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is through him that God also made the universe + +"It is through the Son that God also made all things" + +# the brightness of God's glory + +"the light of his glory." God's glory is associated with a very bright light. The author is saying that the Son embodies that light and fully represents God's glory. + +# glory, the very character of his essence + +"glory, the image of God's being." The "very character of his essence" is similar in meaning to "the brightness of God's glory." The Son embodies the character and essence of God and fully represents everything that God is. AT: "glory and is just like God" or "glory and what is true about God is true about the Son" + +# the word of his power + +"his powerful word." Here "word" refers to a message or command. AT: "his powerful command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# After he had made cleansing for sins + +The abstract noun "cleansing" can be expressed as a verb: "making clean." AT: "After he had finished making us clean from sins" or "After he had finished purifying us from our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he had made cleansing for sins + +The author speaks of forgiving sins as if it were making a person clean. AT: "he had made it possible for God to forgive our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high + +Here "right hand" refers to a place of honor. AT: "he sat down in the place of honor next to the Majesty on high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Majesty on high + +Here "Majesty" refers to God. AT: "God Most High" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/04.md b/heb/01/04.md index 187de74f95..bd49a82c03 100644 --- a/heb/01/04.md +++ b/heb/01/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +The first prophetic quotation (You are my son) comes from the Psalms. The prophet Samuel wrote the second one (I will be a father to him). All occurrences of "he" refer to Jesus, the Son. The word "You" refers to Jesus, and the words "I" and "me" refer to God the Father. -## translationNotes +# He has become -* **For to which of the angels did he ever say,...?** - "For God never said to any of the angels,...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **And again,...?** - "And again, he never said to any of the angels,...." +"The Son has become" + +# as the name he has inherited is more excellent than their name + +Here "name" refers to honor and authority. AT: "as the honor and authority he has inherited is superior to their honor and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has inherited + +The author speaks of receiving honor and authority as if he were inheriting wealth and property from his father. AT: "he has received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For to which of the angels did God ever say, "You are my son ... a son to me"? + +This question emphasizes that God does not call any angel his son. AT: "For God never said to any of the angels 'You are my son ... a son to me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You are my son ... I have become your father + +These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/06.md b/heb/01/06.md index 8b36af9365..4541e44003 100644 --- a/heb/01/06.md +++ b/heb/01/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Servant]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The first quotation in this section, "All God's angels ... him," comes from one of the books that Moses wrote. The second quotation, "He is the one who makes ... fire," is from the Psalms. -## translationNotes +# the firstborn -* **his servants** - the angels -* **spirits ... flames of fire** - Possible meanings: 1) He makes the angels spirits who serve him like flames of fire (UDB), 2) He makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers. +This means Jesus. The author refers to him as the "firstborn" to emphasize the Son's importance and authority over everyone else. It does not imply that there was a time before Jesus existed or that God has other sons like Jesus. AT: "his honored Son, his only Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he says + +"God says" + +# He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire + +Possible meanings are 1) "God has made his angels to be spirits who serve him with power like flames of fire" or 2) God makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers and servants. In the original language the word for "angel" is the same as "messenger," and the word for "spirits" is the same as "wind." With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/08.md b/heb/01/08.md index ef2bf079d4..54185baacc 100644 --- a/heb/01/08.md +++ b/heb/01/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms. -## translationNotes +# But about the Son he says -* **about the Son he says** - "about the son God says" -* **scepter** - a special rod held by a king or queen to show authority -* **anointed you with the oil of joy more** - "given you more joy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **oil of joy** - Possible meanings: 1) the perfumed oil people wore for celebrations (see UDB) or 2) the oil with which men were anointed when they became king, in which case the "joy" comes from the honor God gives. +"But God says this about the Son" + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Your throne, God, is forever and ever + +The Son's throne represents his rule. AT: "You are God, and your reign will last forever and ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The scepter of your kingdom is the scepter of justice + +Here "scepter" refers to the Son's rule. AT: "And you will rule over the people of your kingdom with justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has anointed you with the oil of joy more than your companions + +Here "oil of joy" refers to the joy that the Son felt when God honored him. AT: "has honored you and made you more joyful than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/10.md b/heb/01/10.md index d5e8fcfd21..68e2b7ccae 100644 --- a/heb/01/10.md +++ b/heb/01/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +The author continues explaining that Jesus is superior to the angels. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The author continues to quote scripture to show that the Son is superior to angels. -* **wear out** - to grow old -* **a garment** - clothing -* **roll them up** - Use a verb for what you do with old clothes when you are finished using them. -* **cloak ** - robe or outer clothing -* **not cease** - "never end" +This quotation comes from another Psalm. + +# In the beginning + +"Before anything existed" + +# you laid the earth's foundation + +The author speaks of God creating the earth as if he built a building on a foundation. AT: "you created the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The heavens are the work of your hands + +Here "hands" refer to God's power and action. AT: "You made the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will perish + +"The heavens and earth will disappear" or "The heavens and earth will no longer exist" + +# wear out like a piece of clothing + +The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a piece of clothing that will get old and eventually become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# roll them up like a cloak + +The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a robe or another kind of outer garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they will be changed like a piece of clothing + +The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were clothing that could be exchanged for other clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they will be changed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will change them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your years do not end + +Periods of time are used to represent God's eternal existence. AT: "your life will never end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/13.md b/heb/01/13.md index 46096b6d8e..57a7ca412c 100644 --- a/heb/01/13.md +++ b/heb/01/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This quotation comes from another Psalm. -## translationNotes +# But to which of the angels has God said at any time ... feet"? -* **stool** - a place to rest feet while sitting -* **those who are about to** - those who will -* **Are not all angels spirits** - AT: "All angels are spirits who are" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The author uses a question to emphasize that God has never said this to an angel. AT: "But God has never said to an angel at any time ... feet.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Sit at my right hand + +Here "right hand" refers to a place of honor. AT: "Sit next to me in the place of honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until I make your enemies a stool for your feet + +Christ's enemies are spoken of as if they will become an object on which a king rests his feet. This image represents defeat and dishonor for his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Are not all angels spirits ... inherit salvation? + +The author uses this question to remind the readers that angels are not as powerful as Christ, but they have a different role. AT: "All angels are spirits who ... inherit salvation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# for those who will inherit salvation + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. AT: "for those whom God will save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/intro.md b/heb/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dcf4181d32 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Hebrews 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is about how Jesus is superior to the angels. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:5, 7-13, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +##### "Our ancestors" ##### +This letter begins with an assumption of a Jewish audience. This is why it is called "Hebrews." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +The author uses rhetorical questions as a way of proving Jesus is better than the angels. + +##### Poetry ##### +The author uses many poetic elements in his letter. This is not typical of a letter and causes his teachings concerning the person of Christ to stand out. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +Jesus literally fulfilled these prophecies about the Messiah even though the prophecies often contained poetic or metaphorical language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Hebrews intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/01.md b/heb/02/01.md index 3979c43fa1..ed26e0d5cb 100644 --- a/heb/02/01.md +++ b/heb/02/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] +This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives. -## translationNotes +# we must -* **drift** - go astray -* **valid** - proved to be true -* **every transgression and disobedience receives just punishment** - AT: "every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +Here "we" refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# so that we do not drift away from it + +Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) people who stop believing in God's word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. AT: "so that we do not stop believing it" or 2) people who stop obeying God's words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. AT: "so that we do not stop obeying it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/02.md b/heb/02/02.md index 56cc2c40fb..fb316dd80d 100644 --- a/heb/02/02.md +++ b/heb/02/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# For if the message that was spoken through the angels -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +The Jews believed that God spoke his law to Moses through angels. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For if the message that God spoke through the angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# For if the message -* **neglect** - "do not care for" or "do not accept" -* **distributed** - gave out, issued -* **according to his own will** - "just the way he wanted to do it" +The author is certain that these things are true. AT: "Because the message" + +# every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment + +Here "trespass" and "disobedience" stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. AT: "every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# trespass and disobedience + +These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# how then can we escape if we ignore so great a salvation? + +The author uses a question to emphasize that the people will certainly receive punishment if they refuse God's salvation through Christ. AT: "then God will certainly punish us if we do not pay attention to his message about how God will save us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# ignore + +"do not care for" or "consider unimportant" + +# This is salvation that was first announced by the Lord and confirmed to us by those who heard it + +This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "The Lord himself first announced the message about how God will save us and then those who heard the message confirmed it to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# according to his will + +"in just the way he wanted to do it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/05.md b/heb/02/05.md index 2c985dcec3..9833a889dc 100644 --- a/heb/02/05.md +++ b/heb/02/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] +The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that the earth will one day be under the rule of the Lord Jesus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: +The quotation here is from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It continues on through the next section. + +# For it was not to the angels that God subjected + +"For God did not make the angels rulers over" + +# the world to come + +Here "world" refers to the people who live there. And "to come" means that this is the world in the next age after Christ returns. AT: "the people who will live in the new world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What is man, that you are mindful of him? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes the insignificance of humans and expresses surprise that God would pay attention to them. AT: "Humans are insignificant, and yet you are mindful of them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Or a son of man, that you care for him? + +The idiom "son of man" refers to human beings. This rhetorical question means basically the same thing as the first question. It expresses surprise that God would care for humans, who are insignificant. AT: "Human beings are of little importance, and yet you care for them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Or a son of man + +The verb may be supplied from the previous question. AT: "Or what is a son of man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/07.md b/heb/02/07.md index 49eff3057e..f884bf659a 100644 --- a/heb/02/07.md +++ b/heb/02/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# a little lower than the angels -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] +The author speaks of people being less important than angels as if the people are standing in a position that is lower than the angels' position. AT: "less important than the angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# made man ... crowned him ... his feet ... to him -* **mankind** - people -* **He did not leave anything not subject to him** - AT: "He made everything subject to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here, these phrases do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general, including both males and females. AT: "made humans ... crowned them ... their feet ... to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# you crowned him with glory and honor + +The gifts of glory and honor are spoken of as if they were a wreath of leaves placed on the head of a victorious athlete. AT: "you have given them great glory and honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You put everything in subjection under his feet + +The author speaks of humans having control over everything as if they have stepped on everything with their feet. AT: "You have given them control over everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not leave anything not subjected to him + +This double negative means that all things will be subject to Christ. AT: "God made everything subject to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# we do not yet see everything subjected to him + +"we know that humans are not in control of everything yet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/09.md b/heb/02/09.md index 252178cccf..2d2c4813eb 100644 --- a/heb/02/09.md +++ b/heb/02/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that Christ became lower than the angels when he came to earth to suffer death for forgiveness of sins, and that he became a merciful high priest to believers. -## translationNotes +# we see him -* **lower than the angels...glory and honor** - Translate these as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:heb:02:07]]. +"we know there is one" + +# who was made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lower than the angels ... crowned with glory and honor + +See how you translated these words in [Hebrews 2:7](./07.md). + +# he might taste death + +The experience of death is spoken of as if it were food that people can taste. AT: "he might experience death" or "he might die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bring many sons to glory + +The gift of glory is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be brought. AT: "save many sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# many sons + +Here this refers to believers in Christ, including males and females. AT: "many believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# the leader of their salvation + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. AT: "the one who leads people to salvation" or 2) the word translated here as "leader" can mean "founder" and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. AT: "the one who makes their salvation possible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# complete + +Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made complete, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/11.md b/heb/02/11.md index 44252ca0aa..bda52dea18 100644 --- a/heb/02/11.md +++ b/heb/02/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This prophetic quotation comes from a Psalm of King David. -## translationNotes +# the one who sanctifies -* **is not ashamed to call them brothers** - "is pleased to call them his brothers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"the one who makes others holy" or "the one who makes others pure from sin" + +# those who are sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom he makes holy" or "those whom he makes pure from sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# have one source + +Who that source is can be stated clearly. AT: "have one source, God himself" or "have the same Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he is not ashamed + +"Jesus is not ashamed" + +# is not ashamed to call them brothers + +This double negative means that he will claim them as his brothers. AT: "is pleased to call them his brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# brothers + +Here this refers to all who have believed in Jesus, including both men and women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# I will proclaim your name to my brothers + +Here "name" refers to the person's reputation and what they have done. AT: "I will proclaim to my brothers the great things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from inside the assembly + +"when believers come together to worship God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/13.md b/heb/02/13.md index 63c290da62..93ed8cb881 100644 --- a/heb/02/13.md +++ b/heb/02/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] +The prophet Isaiah wrote these quotations. -## translationNotes +# And again, -* **And again he says,** - AT: "And a prophet wrote in another Scripture passage what Christ said about God:" (UDB) -* **all share flesh and blood** - AT: "are all human beings" (UDB) - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **lived all their lives in slavery** - This phrase is figurative and refers to slavery to the fear of death. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"And a prophet wrote in another scripture passage what Christ said about God:" + +# the children ... the children of God + +This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were children. AT: "those who are like my children ... those who are like children to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# share flesh and blood + +The phrase "flesh and blood" refers to people's human nature. AT: "are all human beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Jesus also shared the same things with them + +"Jesus became human like them" + +# through death + +Here "death" can be stated as a verb. AT: "by dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# had the power of death + +Here "death" can be stated as a verb. AT: "had the power to cause people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# This was so that he would free all those who through fear of death lived all their lives in slavery + +The fear of death is spoken of as if it were slavery. Taking away someone's fear is spoken of as it were freeing that person from slavery. AT: "This was so he might free all people. For we lived like slaves because we were afraid of dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/16.md b/heb/02/16.md index 1bb3292340..d720153ead 100644 --- a/heb/02/16.md +++ b/heb/02/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the seed of Abraham -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +Descendants of Abraham are spoken of as if they were his seed. AT: "the descendants of Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# it was necessary for him -* **achieve** - AT: "obtain" +"it was necessary for Jesus" + +# like his brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to people in general. AT: "like human beings" + +# he would bring about the pardon of the people's sins + +Christ's death on the cross means that God can forgive sins. AT: "he would make it possible for God to forgive people's sins" + +# was tempted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Satan tempted him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who are tempted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Satan is tempting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/intro.md b/heb/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..da321c8cca --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Hebrews 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is about how Jesus is better than Moses, the great Jew. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:6-8, 12-13, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Brothers ##### +The author probably uses the term "brothers" to refer to fellow Israelites and fellow Christians. Extra care should be taken to make sure the reference is clear. It may also be necessary to occasionally leave the referent vague. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +Jesus literally fulfilled these prophecies about the Messiah but the prophecies themselves often contain poetic or metaphorical language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/01.md b/heb/03/01.md index 5dcd1c5fda..f881ca92a1 100644 --- a/heb/03/01.md +++ b/heb/03/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:houseofGod]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +This second warning is longer and more detailed and includes chapters 3 and 4. The writer begins by showing that Christ is better than his servant Moses. -## translationNotes +# holy brothers -* **of our confession** - AT: "whom we confess" or "whom we believe in" +Here "brothers" refer to fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "holy brothers and sisters" or "my holy fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# you share in a heavenly calling + +Here "heavenly" represents God. AT: "God has called us together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the apostle and high priest + +Here the word "apostle" means someone who has been sent. In this passage, it does not refer to any of the twelve apostles. AT: "the one whom God sent and is the high priest" + +# of our confession + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "confession" is expressed as the verb "confess." AT: "whom we confess" or "in whom we believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in God's house + +The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a literal house. AT: "to all of God's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jesus has been considered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has considered Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one who built everything + +God's acts of creating the world are spoken of as if he had built a house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every house is built by someone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "every house has someone who built it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/05.md b/heb/03/05.md index 9ccd7e7827..141497136f 100644 --- a/heb/03/05.md +++ b/heb/03/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# in God's entire house -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a literal house. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# bearing witness about the things -* **God's house** - the people in God's family (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **pride of confidence** - "what we can boast that we have hope in" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +This phrase probably refers to all of Moses' work. AT: "Moses' life and work pointed to the things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were to be spoken of in the future + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus would say in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in charge of God's house + +This speaks about God's people as if they were a literal house. AT: "who rules over God's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We are his house + +This speaks of God's people as if they are a literal house. AT: "We are God's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if we hold fast to our courage and to our proud confidence + +Here "courage" and "proud confidence" are abstract and can be stated as verbs. AT: "if we continue to be courageous and joyfully expect God to do what he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/07.md b/heb/03/07.md index 242777ab3d..d70253296b 100644 --- a/heb/03/07.md +++ b/heb/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The warning here is a reminder that the Israelites' unbelief kept almost all of them from entering into the land that God had promised them. Their unbelief was well illustrated in Exodus [Exodus 17:1-7](../../exo/17/01.md), when they complained against Moses and doubted that God was with them. -## translationNotes +# General Information: +This quotation comes from the Old Testament in the book of Psalms. + +# if you hear his voice + +God's "voice" represents him speaking. AT: "when you hear God speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not harden your hearts + +Stubbornness is spoken of as if it were a heart that had been physically hardened. AT: "do not be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as in the rebellion, in the time of testing in the wilderness + +Here "rebellion" and "testing" can be stated as verbs. AT: "as when your ancestors rebelled against God and tested him in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/09.md b/heb/03/09.md index f2f14989fb..662f25ce72 100644 --- a/heb/03/09.md +++ b/heb/03/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This quotation is from the Psalms. -## translationNotes +# your ancestors -* **displeased** - "unhappy" -* **They are always going astray in their hearts** - AT: "They always refuse to follow me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they will not enter my rest** - "I will not allow them to rest where I am" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "your" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# by testing me + +Here "me" refers to God. + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# I was displeased + +"I was angry" or "I was greatly unhappy" + +# They are always being led astray in their hearts + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They are always going astray in their hearts" or "Their hearts are always going astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They are always being led astray in their hearts + +People who are unfaithful to God are spoken of as if someone were leading them off the right path to follow. AT: "They always refuse to follow me" or "They will not do what I command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in their hearts + +Here "hearts" refers to their minds or desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They have not known my ways + +This speaks of a manner of conducting one's life as if it were a way or a path. AT: "They have not understood how I want them to conduct their lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will never enter my rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. AT: "They will never enter the place of rest" or "I will never allow them to experience my blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/12.md b/heb/03/12.md index 010e565e78..38841317fe 100644 --- a/heb/03/12.md +++ b/heb/03/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] +Here this refers to fellow Christians including males and females. AT: "brothers and sisters" or "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## translationNotes +# there will not be anyone with an evil heart of unbelief, a heart that turns away from the living God -* **evil heart of unbelief in any of you** - "an evil, unbelieving heart in any of you" or "an unbelieving heart that leads any of you to do evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **a heart that will turn away** - "a heart that will turn you away." AT, starting a new sentence: "Do not turn away." -* **the living God** - Possible meanings: 1) "the true God who is really alive" (see UDB) or 2) "the God who gives life." -* **so long as it is called today** - while there is still opportunity -* **no one among you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin** - "become stubborn, allow others to deceive you, and commit sins" (see UDB) or "you do not commit sins, deceive yourselves, and become stubborn" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Here "heart" is a metonym that represents a person's mind or will. Refusing to believe and obey God is spoken of as if the heart did not believe and it physically turned away from God. AT: "there will not be any of you who refuse to believe the truth and who stop obeying the living God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the living God + +"the true God who is really alive" + +# as long as it is called "today," + +"while there is still opportunity," + +# no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the deceitfulness of sin will not harden any of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin + +Being stubborn is spoken of as being hard or having a hard heart. The hardness is a result of being deceived by sin. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "deceitfulness" is expressed as the verb "deceive." AT: "no one among you will be deceived by sin and become stubborn" or "you do not sin, deceiving yourselves so that you become stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/14.md b/heb/03/14.md index a33af170a7..576f3413ea 100644 --- a/heb/03/14.md +++ b/heb/03/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This continues the quotation from the same psalm that was also quoted in [Hebrews 3:7](./07.md). -## translationNotes +# For we have become -* **For we have become** - both the writer and the readers (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **confidence** - complete trust -* **to the end** - death (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **his voice** - “God” or “what God is saying” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **harden your hearts** - AT: "choose not to believe" or "resist" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "we" refers to both the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# if we firmly hold to our confidence in him + +"if we continue to confidently trust in him" + +# from the beginning + +"from when we first begin to believe in him" + +# to the end + +This is a polite way of referring to when a person dies. AT: "until we die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# it has been said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the writer wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if you hear his voice + +God's "voice" represents him speaking. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7](./07.md). AT: "when you hear God speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as in the rebellion + +Here "rebellion" can be stated as a verb. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:8](./07.md). AT: "as when your ancestors rebelled against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/16.md b/heb/03/16.md index 4928596680..c0b12c6f77 100644 --- a/heb/03/16.md +++ b/heb/03/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] +The word "they" refers to the disobedient Israelites, and "we" refers to the author and readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Who was it who heard God and rebelled? Was it not all those who came out of Egypt through Moses? -* **they would not enter his rest** - "God would not allow them to rest where he is" -* **We** - the author and the readers (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +The author uses questions to teach his readers. These two questions can be joined as one statement, if needed. AT: "All those who came out of Egypt with Moses heard God, yet they still rebelled." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# With whom was he angry for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose dead bodies fell in the wilderness? + +The author uses questions to teach his readers. These two questions can be joined as one statement, if needed. AT: "For forty years, God was angry with those who sinned, and he let them die in the wilderness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# To whom did he swear that they would not enter his rest, if it was not to those who disobeyed him? + +The author uses this question to teach his readers. AT: "And it was to those who disobeyed that he swore they would not enter his rest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they would not enter his rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. AT: "they would not enter the place of rest" or "they would not experience his blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of unbelief + +The abstract noun "unbelief" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because they did not believe him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/intro.md b/heb/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..039e7cf225 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Hebrews 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:7-9,15, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Brothers ##### + +The author probably uses the term "brothers" to refer to fellow Israelites and fellow Christians. Extra care should be taken to make sure the reference is clear. It may be necessary to occasionally leave the referent vague. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Harden your hearts ##### +This is a common metaphor used in Scripture. It indicates that a person who rejects Jesus will increasingly lack the spiritual discernment necessary to believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +The author uses rhetorical questions as a way to convince his readers. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +Jesus literally fulfilled these prophecies about the Messiah but the prophecies themselves often contain poetic or metaphorical language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/01.md b/heb/04/01.md index 9371e87c94..43f3fe35d5 100644 --- a/heb/04/01.md +++ b/heb/04/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +Chapter 4 continues the warning to believers starting in [Hebrews 3:7](../03/07.md). God, through the writer, gives believers a rest of which God's rest in the creation of the world is a picture. -## translationNotes +# Therefore -* **Therefore** - because of God will certainly punish those who do not obey ([[:en:bible:notes:heb:03:16]]) -* **none of you might seem to have failed to reach the continuing promise to enter God's rest** - AT: "God will not say of any of you that you will not rest where he is" or "God will say of all of you that you may rest where he is" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **we must be** - the writer and the readers must be (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **to us** - to the writer and the readers -* **those who heard it without joining faith to it** - AT: "those who heard the message of Christ and did not believe" +"Since God will certainly punish those who do not obey" ([Hebrews 3:19](../03/16.md)) + +# none of you might seem to have failed to reach the promise left behind for you to enter God's rest + +God's promise is spoken of as if it were a gift that God left behind when he visited the people. AT: "none of you fail to enter into God's rest, which he promised to us" or "God will allow you all to enter into his rest as he promised us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to enter God's rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. AT: "to enter the place of rest" or "to experience God's blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For we were told the good news just as they were + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For we heard the good news just as they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as they were + +Here "they" refers to the Hebrews' ancestors who were alive during the time of Moses. + +# But that message did not benefit those who did not unite in faith with those who obeyed + +"But that message did not benefit those who did not join with the people who believed and obeyed." The author is talking about two groups of people, those who received God's covenant with faith, and those who heard it but did not believe. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "But that message benefited only those who believed and obeyed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/03.md b/heb/04/03.md index 1cc1264dd8..2951143849 100644 --- a/heb/04/03.md +++ b/heb/04/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Here the first quotation, "As I swore ... rest," is from a psalm. The second quotation, "God rested on ... deeds," is from Moses' writings. The third quotation, "They will never enter ... rest," is again from the same psalm. -## translationNotes +# we who have believed -* **his created works had been finished from the beginning of the world.** - AT: "his plan was fully made before he even created the world." -* **They will not enter my rest** - "They will not rest with me where I am" +"we who believe" + +# who will enter that rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. AT: "who will enter the place of rest" or "who will experience God's blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# just as he said + +"just as God said" + +# As I swore in my wrath + +"As I swore when I was very angry" + +# They will never enter my rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. AT: "They will never enter the place of rest" or "They will never experience my blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his created works were finished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he finished creating" or "he finished his works of creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# at the foundation of the world + +The author speaks of the world as if it were a building set on a foundation. AT: "at the beginning of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the seventh day + +This is the ordinal number for "seven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/06.md b/heb/04/06.md index d698549fc4..340f330f29 100644 --- a/heb/04/06.md +++ b/heb/04/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:hard]] +Here we find out that this quotation from the Psalms was written by David. (See: [Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md)) -## translationNotes +# it is still reserved for some to enter his rest -* **God's rest is still reserved for some to enter** - "God still allows some people to rest with him where he is" -* **his voice** - "God" or "what God is saying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **do not harden your hearts.** - AT: "Do not stubbornly disobey him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God still allows some people to enter his place of rest" or "God still allows some people to experience his blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if you hear his voice + +God's commands to Israel are spoken of as if he had given them in an audible voice. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md). AT: "if you hear God speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not harden your hearts + +Stubbornness is spoken of as if it were a heart that had been physically hardened. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md). AT: "do not be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/08.md b/heb/04/08.md index 4bc86ed163..1e48ed6f64 100644 --- a/heb/04/08.md +++ b/heb/04/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here the writer warns believers not to disobey but to enter into the rest God offers. He reminds them that God's word will convict them and that they can come in prayer with the confidence that God will help them. -## translationNotes +# if Joshua had given them rest -* **he who enters God's rest** - "those who are resting with God where he is" -* **let us be eager to enter that rest** - "we should also do everything we can to rest with God where he is" -* **eager** - "very willing" -* **fall in the kind of disobedience** - AT: "disobey in the same way" -* **that they did** - that the Israelites who rebelled against God in the desert did +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that Joshua could give. AT: "if Joshua had brought the Israelites to the place where God would give them rest" or "if the Israelites during the time of Joshua had experienced God's blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is still a Sabbath rest reserved for God's people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there is still a Sabbath rest that God has reserved for his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a Sabbath rest + +Eternal peace and security are spoken of as if they were the Sabbath day, the Jewish day of worship and rest from working. AT: "an eternal rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he who enters into God's rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they are a place to enter. AT: "the person who enters into God's place of rest" or "the person who experiences God's blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let us be eager to enter that rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were a place to enter. AT: "we should also do everything we can to rest with God where he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will fall into the kind of disobedience that they did + +Disobedience is spoken of as if it were a hole that a person could physically fall into by accident. This passage can be reworded so that the abstract noun "disobedience" is expressed as the verb "disobey." AT: "will disobey in the same way as they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# that they did + +Here "they" refers to the Hebrews' ancestors during the time of Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/12.md b/heb/04/12.md index 1f42707bee..426bc4fab8 100644 --- a/heb/04/12.md +++ b/heb/04/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of God is living -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Here "word of God" refers to anything that God has communicated to humanity whether through speech or through written messages. AT: "the words of God are living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# living and active -* **word of God** - God's written or spoken message -* **living and active** - God's word is as if it were alive; it is also powerful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **sharper than any two-edged sword** - edged sword** - God's word penetrates to our innermost being. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **discern the heart's thoughts and intentions** - The word of God exposes even our secret thoughts. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **everything is bare and open to the eyes of the one to whom we must give account** - "God, who will judge how we have lived, can see everything" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This speaks about God's word as if it were alive. It means when God speaks, it is powerful and effective. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# sharper than any two-edged sword + +A two-edged sword can easily cut through a person's flesh. God's word is very effective in showing what is in a person's heart and thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# two-edged sword + +a sword with a blade that is sharp on both edges + +# It pierces even to the division of soul from spirit, and joints from marrow + +This continues speaking about God's word as if it were a sword. Here the sword is so sharp that it can cut through and divide parts of the human that are very difficult or even impossible to divide. This means that there is nothing inside us that we can hide from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# soul from spirit + +These are two different but closely related nonphysical parts of a human. The "soul" is what causes a person to be alive. The "spirit" is the part of a person that causes him to be able to know and believe in God. + +# joints from marrow + +The "joint" is what holds two bones together. The "marrow" is the center part of the bone. + +# It is able to know + +This speaks about God's word as if it were a person who could know something. AT: "God's word exposes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the heart's thoughts and intentions + +This speaks about the heart as if it were the center of thought and emotion within a person. AT: "what a person is thinking and intends to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nothing created is hidden before God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Nothing that God has created can hide from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everything is bare and open + +This speaks about all things as if they were a person standing bare, or a box that is open. AT: "everything is completely exposed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bare and open + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that nothing is hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to the eyes of the one to whom we must give account + +God is spoken of as if he had eyes. AT: "to God, who will judge how we have lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/14.md b/heb/04/14.md index b1dac143ac..22c24da289 100644 --- a/heb/04/14.md +++ b/heb/04/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# who has passed through the heavens -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"who has entered where God is" -## translationNotes +# Son of God -* **we do not have a high priest who cannot feel sympathy** - "we have a high priest who can feel sympathy" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]]) -* ** he is without sin** - AT: "he did not sin" -* **the throne of grace** - AT: "God's throne, where there is grace" or "where God, who is gracious, is sitting on his throne" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# let us firmly hold to our beliefs + +Belief and trust are spoken of as if they were objects that a person could grasp firmly. AT: "let us continue to believe confidently in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we do not have a high priest who cannot feel sympathy ... Instead, we have + +This double negative means that, in fact, Jesus does feel sympathy with people. AT: "we have a high priest who can feel sympathy ... Indeed, we have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# who has in all ways been tempted as we are + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who has endured temptation in every way that we have" or "whom the devil has tempted in every way that he tempts us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he is without sin + +"he did not sin" + +# to the throne of grace + +"to God's throne, where there is grace." Here "throne" refers to God ruling as king. AT: "to where our gracious God is sitting on his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need + +Here "mercy" and "grace" are spoken of as if they were objects that can be given or can be found. AT: "God may be merciful and gracious and help us in time of need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/intro.md b/heb/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8da2e28a75 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Hebrews 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is about how Jesus is the greatest high priest. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:3-4, 7, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's rest ##### +This is probably a reference to a prophesied time when Israel would have peace. This may be physical peace or spiritual peace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/01.md b/heb/05/01.md index db95eace42..96e6a40610 100644 --- a/heb/05/01.md +++ b/heb/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest|high priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +The writer describes the sinfulness of the Old Testament priests, then he shows that Christ has a better kind of priesthood, not based on Aaron's priesthood but on the priesthood of Melchizedek. -## translationNotes +# chosen from among people -* **act on their behalf** - AT: "represent them" -* **obligated** - AT: "required" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God chooses from among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is appointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God appoints" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to act on the behalf of people + +"to represent the people" + +# the ignorant and the wayward + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are ignorant and wayward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the wayward + +people who behave in sinful ways + +# is surrounded with weakness + +The high priest's own weakness is spoken of as if it were a force that surrounds him. AT: "is spiritually weak" or "is weak against sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# weakness + +Here this refers to the desire to sin. + +# he also is required + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God also requires him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/04.md b/heb/05/04.md index 77a77c59e4..780c2ec991 100644 --- a/heb/05/04.md +++ b/heb/05/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] +This quotation is from the Psalms in the Old Testament. -## translationNotes +# takes this honor +Honor is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# takes this honor + +The "honor" or praise and respect that people gave to the high priest stand for his task. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he is called by God, just as Aaron was + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God called him, just as he called Aaron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one speaking to him said + +"God said to him" + +# You are my Son; today I have become your Father + +These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 1:5](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Son ... Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/06.md b/heb/05/06.md index 2315609632..edb03ffe19 100644 --- a/heb/05/06.md +++ b/heb/05/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:melchizedek]] -* [[en:tw:melchizedek|Melchizedek]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest]] +This prophecy is from a Psalm of David. -## translationNotes +# he also says -* **he also says** - God also says ([[:en:bible:notes:heb:05:04]]) +To whom God is speaking can be stated clearly. AT: "he also says to Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in another place + +"in another place in the scriptures" + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/07.md b/heb/05/07.md index b750b616b3..42d109f65c 100644 --- a/heb/05/07.md +++ b/heb/05/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# During the days of his flesh -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +Here "the days" stands for a period of time. And, "flesh" stand for Jesus's earthly life. AT: "While he lived on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# prayers and requests -* **During the time of his flesh** - AT: "While he lived on earth" +Both of these words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to save him from death + +Death is spoken of as it if were place that Christ could be kept from being forced to enter, or as a place from which he could be rescued. Either meaning fits here. The UDB chooses the first meaning. If possible, translate so as to allow both interpretations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he was heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God heard him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/09.md b/heb/05/09.md index 26821d0f76..618163638e 100644 --- a/heb/05/09.md +++ b/heb/05/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Melchizedek]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +In verse 11 the writer begins his third warning. He warns these believers that they are still not mature and encourages them to learn God's word so they can understand right from wrong. -## translationNotes +# He was made perfect -* **you are dull of hearing ** - "you are slow to understand" (see UDB) or "you do not want to listen" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God made him perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# made perfect + +Here this means being made mature, able to honor God in all aspects of life. + +# became, for everyone who obeys him, the cause of eternal salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "now he saves all who obey him and causes them to live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# He was designated by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God designated him" or "God appointed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "to be the sort of high priest that Melchizedek was" + +# We have much to say + +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "I have much to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# you have become dull in hearing + +The ability to understand and obey is spoken of as if it were the ability to listen. And the ability to listen is spoken of as if it were a metal tool that becomes dull with use. AT: "you have trouble understanding it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/12.md b/heb/05/12.md index 1d167a1fc2..97ed69bd5d 100644 --- a/heb/05/12.md +++ b/heb/05/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# basic principles -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:teacher|teacher, Teacher]] +Here "principles" means a guideline or standard for making decisions. AT: "basic truths" -## translationNotes +# You need milk -* **milk** - basic spiritual truths (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **solid food** - "difficult spiritual truths" +Teaching about God that is easy to understand is spoken of as if it were milk, the only food that infants can take. AT: "You have become like babies and can drink only milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# milk, not solid food + +Teaching about God that is difficult to understand is spoken of as if it were solid food, suitable for adults. AT: "milk instead of solid food that adults can eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# takes milk + +Here "takes" stands for "drinks." AT: "drinks milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because he is still a little child + +Spiritual maturity is compared with the kind of food that a growing child eats. Solid food is not for a tiny baby, and that is a figure describing a young Christian who only learns simple truths; but later, more solid food is given to the little child, just as when a person matures he can learn about matters that are more difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who because of their maturity have their understanding trained for distinguishing good from evil + +People trained to understand something are spoken of as if their ability to understand had been trained. AT: "who are mature and can distinguish between good and evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/intro.md b/heb/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d5cab6ef51 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Hebrews 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the teaching of the previous chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament.The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 5:5-6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### High priest ##### +Jesus needed to be a high priest in order to offer his life as a sacrifice for sin. The high priest was normally from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the ruling tribe, Judah. His right to be a priest came from the tradition of Melchizedek, who was a priest before the Levites came into existence. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Milk and solid food ##### +This is an image used to describe maturity in Christ. It compares immature Christians to babies who are only able to drink milk. They are not mature enough to handle solid foods, which are the more complex teachings about Jesus. Instead, they have chosen not to grow and to remain like babies who drink only milk, the simpler and more basic teachings about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/01.md b/heb/06/01.md index 956fa399ce..3f303f414c 100644 --- a/heb/06/01.md +++ b/heb/06/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The writer continues with what immature Hebrew believers need to do to become mature Christians. He reminds them of the foundational teachings. -## translationNotes +# let us leave the beginning of the message of Christ and move forward to maturity -* **we must press on** - AT: "we must move forward" -* **laying on of hands** - This practice was done as way of setting someone apart for special service or position. +This speaks about the basic teachings as if they were the beginning of a journey and the mature teachings as if they were the end of a journey. AT: "let us stop only discussing what we first learned and start understanding more mature teachings as well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us not lay again the foundation ... of faith in God + +Basic teachings are spoken of as if they were a building whose construction begins by laying a foundation. AT: "Let us not repeat the basic teachings ... of faith in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dead works + +Sinful deeds are spoken of as if they belonged to the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nor the foundation of teaching ... eternal judgment + +Basic teachings are spoken of as if they were a building whose construction begins by laying a foundation. AT: "nor the basic teachings ... eternal judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# laying on of hands + +This practice was done to set someone apart for special service or position. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/04.md b/heb/06/04.md index f129c64d40..bff8e7e40f 100644 --- a/heb/06/04.md +++ b/heb/06/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# those who were once enlightened -* [[en:tw:age]] -* [[en:tw:age|age]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:crucify|crucify]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +Understanding is spoken of as if it were illumination. AT: "those who once understood the message about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# who tasted the heavenly gift -* **who tasted the heavenly gift ** - This refers to believers whom God has saved. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **who tasted God's good word** - This refers to believers who have experienced God's Word for themselves. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they have crucified for themselves the very Son of God again** - When people turn away from God, it is like they are crucifying Jesus again. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **fell away** - AT: "turned away from God" +Experiencing salvation is spoken of as if it were tasting food. AT: "who experienced God's saving power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who were sharers of the Holy Spirit + +The Holy Spirit, who comes to believers, is spoken of as if he were an object that people could share. AT: "who received the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who tasted God's good word + +Learning God's word is spoken of as if it were tasting food. AT: "who learned God's good word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the powers of the age to come + +This means the power of God when his kingdom is fully present in all the world. In this sense, "the powers" refer to God himself, who holds all power. AT: "learned how God will work powerfully in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who then fell away + +Losing all faithfulness to God is spoken of as if it were a physical fall. AT: "who then stopped believing in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is impossible to restore them again to repentance + +"it is impossible to bring them back to repent again" + +# they crucify the Son of God for themselves again + +When people turn away from God, it is as though they crucify Jesus again. AT: "it is like they crucify for themselves the very Son of God again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/07.md b/heb/06/07.md index 57e949b899..73f878a00b 100644 --- a/heb/06/07.md +++ b/heb/06/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the land that drinks in the rain -* [[en:tw:curse]] +Farmland that benefits from much rain is spoken of as if it were a person who drinks in the rainwater. AT: "the land that absorbs the rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# that gives birth to the plants +Farmland that produces crops is spoken of as if it gives birth to them. AT: "that produces plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to those for whom the land was worked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to those for whom someone prepared the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the land that receives a blessing from God + +Rain and crops are seen as proof that God has helped the farmland. The farmland is spoken of as if it were a person who could receive God's blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a blessing from God + +Here "blessing" means help from God, not spoken words. + +# is near to a curse + +This speaks of "curse" as if it were a place to which a person could draw near. AT: "is in danger of God cursing it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Its end is in burning + +The farmer will burn everything in the field. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/09.md b/heb/06/09.md index 4c429b3a24..e2d5e3f9cb 100644 --- a/heb/06/09.md +++ b/heb/06/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# we are convinced -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "I am convinced" or "I am certain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# about better things concerning you -* **For God is not so unjust as to forget** - AT: "For God is just and will not forget" -* [[:en:bible:notes:heb:06:07]] ]] +This means they are doing better than those who have rejected God, disobeyed him, and now can no longer repent so that God will forgive them (See: [Hebrews 6:4-6](./04.md)). AT: "that you are doing better things than what I have mentioned" + +# things that concern salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "things that concern God saving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For God is not so unjust that he would forget + +This double negative can mean that God in his justice will remember what good things his people have done. AT: "For God is just and therefore will certainly remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# for his name + +God's "name" is a metonym that stands for God himself. AT: "for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/11.md b/heb/06/11.md index c317b6b878..0adedc9459 100644 --- a/heb/06/11.md +++ b/heb/06/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# We greatly desire -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "I greatly desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# diligence -* This is a continuation of the advice to believers -* **diligence** - careful hard work -* **sluggish** - lazy -* **imitator** - someone who copies the behavior of someone else +careful, hard work + +# to the end + +The implicit meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "to the end of your lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for the sake of full assurance of confidence + +"in order to have complete certainty that you will receive what God has promised you" + +# imitators + +An "imitator" is someone who copies the behavior of someone else. + +# inherit the promises + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. AT: "receive what God promised them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/13.md b/heb/06/13.md index c67c325d53..95509db01e 100644 --- a/heb/06/13.md +++ b/heb/06/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He said +God said -## translationNotes +# I will greatly increase you -* **He said** - God said +Here "increase" stands for give descendants. AT: "I will give you many descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was promised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what God promised him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/16.md b/heb/06/16.md index e47922e7f0..3c0d549b3a 100644 --- a/heb/06/16.md +++ b/heb/06/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# to the heirs of the promise -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. AT: "to those who would receive what he promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the unchangeable quality of his purpose +"that his purpose would never change" or "that he would always do what he said he would do" + +# by two unchangeable things + +This means God's promise and God's oath. Neither of these can ever change. + +# with which it is impossible for God to lie + +This double negative can mean that God will tell the truth about this situation. AT: "about which God always tells the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# we, who have fled for refuge + +Believers, who trust in God for him to protect them, are spoken of as if they were running to a safe place. AT: "we, who have trusted him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will have a strong encouragement to hold firmly to the confidence that has been placed before us + +Trust in God is spoken of as if faith were an object that could be presented to a person and that person could hold on to it. AT: "will continue to trust in God just has he encouraged us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that has been placed before us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God has placed before us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/19.md b/heb/06/19.md index 8d3564ac0f..fabf260953 100644 --- a/heb/06/19.md +++ b/heb/06/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +Having finished his third warning and encouragement to the believers, the writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest. -## translationNotes +# as a secure and reliable anchor of our souls -* **forerunner for us** - "one who has gone before us" +Just as an anchor keeps a boat from drifting in the water, Jesus keeps us secure in God's presence. AT: "that causes us to live securely in God's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a secure and reliable anchor + +Here the words "secure" and "reliable" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the complete reliability of the anchor. AT: "a completely reliable anchor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# confidence that enters into the inner place behind the curtain + +Confidence is spoken of as if it were a person who could go into the most holy place of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the inner place + +This was the most holy place in the temple. It was thought to be the place where God was most intensely present among his people. In this passage, this place stands for heaven and God's throne room. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a forerunner for us + +The fact that Jesus died and rose again, and that he is now with God the Father, indicate that we who believe in him will experience the same things. Jesus is spoken of here as if he were someone who runs ahead of us and that we are running after him. AT: "as one who goes before us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/intro.md b/heb/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..967b04ba9c --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Hebrews 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The audience of this chapter is Christians. This will probably affect how one translates some of the difficult verses. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abrahamic Covenant ##### +God made a covenant with Abraham. In it, God promised to make Abraham's descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect Abraham's descendants and to give them land of their own. These covenant promises are based on the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/01.md b/heb/07/01.md index 9fa4e8c0d8..6741e1c2bb 100644 --- a/heb/07/01.md +++ b/heb/07/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:melchizedek]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +The writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest. -## translationNotes +# Salem -* **He was without father** - Melchidezek was without father -* **without any beginning of days nor end of life** - There is no information about when Melchizedek was born or when he died. +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings + +This is refers to when Abraham and his men went and defeated the armies of four kings in order to rescue his nephew, Lot, and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It was to him + +"It was to Melchizedek" + +# king of righteousness ... king of peace + +"righteous king ... peaceful king" + +# He is without father, without mother, without ancestors, with neither beginning of days nor end of life + +It is possible to think from this passage that Melchizedek was neither born nor did he die. However, it is likely that all the writer means is that the Scriptures provide no information about Melchizedek's ancestry, birth, or death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/04.md b/heb/07/04.md index 74024460d3..d783ec8826 100644 --- a/heb/07/04.md +++ b/heb/07/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +The writer states that the priesthood of Melchizedek is better than Aaron's priesthood and then reminds them that the priesthood of Aaron did not make anything perfect. -## translationNotes +# this man was -* **Levi's descendants who receive the priest's office** - AT: "the descendants of Levi who became priests." Not all of Levi's descendants became priests. +"Melchizedek was" + +# On one hand ... But on the other hand + +These phrases are used to compare two things. Your language may have a way to emphasize that the author is making a comparison. Or you could leave out "On one hand" and translate "But on the other hand" simply as "But." + +# the sons of Levi who receive the priesthood + +The author says this because not all of Levi's sons became priests. AT: "the descendants of Levi who became priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# from the people + +"from the people of Israel" + +# from their brothers + +Here "brothers" means they are all related to each other through Abraham. AT: "from their relatives" + +# they, too, have come from Abraham's body + +This is a way of saying that they were descendants of Abraham. AT: "they, too, are descendants of Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whose descent was not traced from them + +"who was not a descendant of Levi" + +# the one who had the promises + +The things that God promised to do for Abraham are spoken of as if they were objects that he could possess. AT: the one to whom God had spoken his promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/07.md b/heb/07/07.md index c35b1b23d1..2ac66a10f0 100644 --- a/heb/07/07.md +++ b/heb/07/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the lesser person is blessed by the greater person -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:loins]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the more important person blesses the less important person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# In this case ... in that case -* **was in the loins of his ancestor Abraham** - AT: "had not yet been born" +These phrases are used to compare the Levite priests with Melchizedek. Your language may have a way to emphasize that the author is making a comparison. + +# is testified that he lives on + +It is never explicitly written in scripture that Melchizedek dies. The author of Hebrews speaks of this absence of information about Melchizedek's death in scripture as if it were a positive statement that he is still alive. This can be stated in active form. AT: "scripture shows that he lives on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Levi ... was in the body of his ancestor + +Since Levi had not been born yet, the author speaks of him as still being in Abraham's body. In this way, the author argues that Levi paid tithes to Melchizedek through Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/11.md b/heb/07/11.md index 496a3d143d..2f4f001d71 100644 --- a/heb/07/11.md +++ b/heb/07/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# what further need would there have been for another priest to arise after the manner of Melchizedek, and not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron? -* **what further need was there ... order of Aaron?** - AT: "no one would have needed another priest, one who was like Melchizedek and not like Aaron, to arise." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This question emphasizes that it was unexpected that priests come after the order of Melchizedek. AT: "no one would have needed another priest, one who was like Melchizedek and not like Aaron, to arise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to arise + +"to come" or "to appear" + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" + +# not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "not be after the manner of Aaron" or "who is not a priest like Aaron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For when the priesthood is changed, the law must also be changed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For when God changed the priesthood, he also had to change the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/13.md b/heb/07/13.md index e327b8c9c8..b0abf9ef85 100644 --- a/heb/07/13.md +++ b/heb/07/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For the one -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This refers to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# about whom these things are said +This can be stated in active form. AT: "about whom I am speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# it is from Judah that our Lord was born + +The words "our Lord" refer to Jesus. + +# from Judah + +"from the tribe of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/15.md b/heb/07/15.md index 20d91be4f7..63169654a1 100644 --- a/heb/07/15.md +++ b/heb/07/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Melchizedek]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This quote comes from a psalm of King David. -## translationNotes +# What we say is clearer yet -* **the law relating to human descent** - Christ could be a priest without being a descendant of Levi. -* **after the order of Melchizedek** - AT: "like Melchizedek" +"We can understand even more clearly." Here "we" refers to the author and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# if another priest arises + +"if another priest comes" + +# in the likeness of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" + +# It was not based on the law + +"His becoming priest was not based on the law" + +# the law of fleshly descent + +The idea of human descent is spoken of as if it had only to do with the flesh of one's body. AT: "the law of human descent" or "the law about priests' descendants becoming priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For scripture witnesses about him + +This speaks about scripture as if it were a person who could witness about something. AT: "For God witnesses about him through the scriptures" or "For this is what was written about him in the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/18.md b/heb/07/18.md index 41561d3e1a..84dfbc735f 100644 --- a/heb/07/18.md +++ b/heb/07/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the former regulation is set aside -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] +Here "set aside" is a metaphor for making something invalid. This can be stated in active form. AT "God made the commandment invalid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the law made nothing perfect -* **the Law made nothing perfect** - This shows that the Law "is weak and useless" and so needs to be "set aside." -* **draw near** - "come close" +The law is spoken of as if it were a person who could act. AT: "no one could become perfect by obeying the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a better hope is introduced + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has introduced a better hope" or "God has given us reason for a more confident hope (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through which we come near to God + +Worshiping God and having his favor are spoken of coming near to him. AT: "and because of this hope we approach God" or "and because of this hope we worship God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/20.md b/heb/07/20.md index c96dcd761e..bc2e976c37 100644 --- a/heb/07/20.md +++ b/heb/07/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] +This quote comes from the same psalm of David as verse 17. (See: [Hebrews 7:17](./15.md)) -## translationNotes +# And it was not without an oath! -* **this better confidence did not happen without the taking of an oath** - "someone had to take an oath so that we could have something better to have confidence in" or "...so that Christ could be appointed a priest" (See: UDB and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]]) -* **You are a priest forever** - "You are and always will be a priest" (see UDB). +The word "it" refers to Jesus becoming the eternal priest. It can be stated clearly who made the oath. AT: "And God did not choose this new priest without swearing an oath!" or "And it was because God swore an oath that the Lord became the new priest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/22.md b/heb/07/22.md index 2951a1514b..c484fd7f48 100644 --- a/heb/07/22.md +++ b/heb/07/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:forever]] +The writer then assures these Jewish believers that Christ has the better priesthood because he lives forever and the priests that descended from Aaron all died. -## translationNotes +# guarantee -* **guarantee** - "assurance" or "promise" -* **his priesthood is unchangeable** - "he will remain a high priest forever" +"assurance" or "certainty" + +# he has a permanent priesthood + +A priest's work is spoken of as if it were an object that Jesus possesses. This can be worded to avoid the abstract noun. AT: "he is a priest permanently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/25.md b/heb/07/25.md index f4dd78910d..16e9a363af 100644 --- a/heb/07/25.md +++ b/heb/07/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:intercede]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +You can make explicit what "Therefore" implies. AT: "Because Christ is our high priest who lives forever," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# those who approach God through him -* **Therefore** - "Because Christ will be our high priest forever" -* **through him** - "because of what he has done" +"those who come to God because of what Jesus has done" + +# has become higher than the heavens + +"God has raised him up to the highest heavens." The author speaks of possessing more honor and power than anyone else as if it were position that is up above all things. AT: "God has given him more honor and power than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/27.md b/heb/07/27.md index 784aed10b4..988b0fa576 100644 --- a/heb/07/27.md +++ b/heb/07/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Here the words "He," "his," and "himself" refer to Christ. -## translationNotes +# the law appoints as high priests men who have weaknesses -* **He does not need** - AT: "Christ does not need" -* **the Law appoints** - "God appointed in the Law" -* **the word of the oath, which came after the Law , appointed a Son** - "after he had given the law, God swore an oath and appointed his Son" -* **who has been made perfect** - "who has completely obeyed God and become mature" +Here "the law" is a metonym for the men who appointed the high priests according to the law of Moses. The focus is not on the men who did this, but on the fact that they did this according to the law. AT: "according to the law, men appoint as high priests men who have weaknesses" or "for according to the law, men who have weaknesses are appointed as high priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# men who have weaknesses + +"men who are spiritually weak" or "men who are weak against sin" + +# the word of the oath, which came after the law, appointed a Son + +The "word of the oath" represents God who made the oath. AT: "by the word of his oath, which God made after he gave the law, God appointed a Son" or "after he had given the law, God swore an oath and appointed his Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who has been made perfect + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who has completely obeyed God and become mature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/intro.md b/heb/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..37124b97d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Hebrews 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 7:17, 21, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### High priest ##### +Jesus' role as high priest is explained in detail in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]). + +##### Melchizedek ##### +The high priest was normally from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the ruling tribe, Judah. His right to be a priest came from the tradition of Melchizedek, who was a priest before the Levites came into existence. This passage will be difficult to understand if Genesis has not been translated first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### New Covenant ##### +The author mentions the New Covenant and discusses Jesus' relationship to it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/01.md b/heb/08/01.md index 68291a65e2..9527211b80 100644 --- a/heb/08/01.md +++ b/heb/08/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:majesty|majesty]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +The writer, having shown that Christ's priesthood is better than the earthly priesthood, shows that the earthly priesthood was a pattern of heavenly things. Christ has a superior ministry, a superior covenant. -## translationNotes +# Now +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# we are saying + +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "I am saying" or "I am writing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# sat down at the right hand + +Here "right hand" refers to a place of honor. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "he sat down in the place of honor" + +# of the throne of the Majesty + +Here "Majesty" refers to God, and "throne" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "of God, who is our majestic king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the true tabernacle that the Lord, not a man, set up + +People built the earthly tabernacle out of animal skins fastened to a wooden framework, and they set it up in the manner of a tent. Here "true tabernacle" means the heavenly tabernacle that God created. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/03.md b/heb/08/03.md index af985bcd7b..b611e322b0 100644 --- a/heb/08/03.md +++ b/heb/08/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# For every high priest is appointed -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For God appoints every priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* **copy and shadow** - "model" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **pattern** - "design" +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# according to the law + +"as God requires in the law" + +# a copy and shadow + +These words have similar meanings to emphasize that the tabernacle was merely an image of the real tabernacle in heaven. AT: "a vague image" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# shadow of the heavenly things + +The author speaks of the earthly temple, which is a copy of the heavenly temple, as if it were a shadow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is just as Moses was warned by God when he was + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is just as God warned Moses when Moses was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was about to construct the tabernacle + +Moses did not construct the tabernacle himself. He ordered the people to construct it. AT: "was about to command the people to construct the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See + +"Make sure" + +# to the pattern + +"to the design" + +# that was shown to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I showed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the mountain + +You can make explicit that "mountain" refers to Mount Sinai. AT: "on Mount Sinai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/06.md b/heb/08/06.md index 1a646a0bec..b015a4321c 100644 --- a/heb/08/06.md +++ b/heb/08/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Christ]] +This section begins to show that the new covenant is better than the old covenant with Israel and Judah. -## translationNotes +# Christ has received -* **Christ has received** - "God has given Christ" -* **faultless** - perfect +"God has given Christ" + +# mediator of a better covenant + +This means Christ caused a better covenant between God and humans to exist. + +# covenant, which is based on better promises + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "covenant. It was this covenant that God made based on better promises" or "covenant. God promised better things when he made this covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# first covenant ... second covenant + +The words "first" and "second" are ordinal numbers. AT: "old covenant ... new covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# had been faultless + +"had been perfect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/08.md b/heb/08/08.md index 5300fd65b6..ff1ca692c3 100644 --- a/heb/08/08.md +++ b/heb/08/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +In this quotation the prophet Jeremiah foretold of a new covenant that God would make. -## translationNotes +# with the people -* **See** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"with the people of Israel" + +# See + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# the days are coming + +The future is spoken of as if it were moving toward the speaker. AT: "there will be a time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel and with the house of Judah + +The people of Israel and Judah are spoken of as if they were houses. AT: "the people of Israel and with the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I took them by their hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt + +This metaphor represents God's great love and concern. AT: "I led them out of Egypt like a father leads his young child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they did not continue in my covenant + +To obey God's covenant is spoken of as if one were to continue in it. AT: "they did not obey my covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/10.md b/heb/08/10.md index 70181d222b..e0bccc5721 100644 --- a/heb/08/10.md +++ b/heb/08/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah. -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a house. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# after those days + +"after that time" + +# I will put my laws into their minds + +God's requirements are spoken of as if they were objects that could be placed somewhere. People's ability to think is spoken of as if it were a place. AT: "I will enable them to understand my laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will also write them on their hearts + +People's hearts, imagined to be the center of their loyalty to God, are spoken of as if they were a page that could be written on. AT: "I will also enable them to obey my laws sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will be their God + +"I will be the God they worship" + +# they will be my people + +"they will be the people for whom I care" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/11.md b/heb/08/11.md index 6e93eabb52..5aa26677f4 100644 --- a/heb/08/11.md +++ b/heb/08/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +This continues the quotation from the prophet Jeremiah. -## translationNotes +# They will not teach each one his neighbor and each one his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord.' +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "They will not need to teach their neighbors or brothers to know me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# neighbor ... brother + +Both of these refer to fellow Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Know the Lord ... all will know me + +"Know" here stands for acknowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to their acts of unrighteousness + +This stands for the people who committed these unrighteous acts. AT: "to those who did unrighteous acts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not remember their sins any longer + +Here "remember" stands for "think about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/13.md b/heb/08/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index fc5a98faa6..0000000000 --- a/heb/08/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/heb/08/intro.md b/heb/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ad55b94ba5 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Hebrews 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The author is still speaking about Jesus' role as the ultimate high priest. The author also begins to speak about how the new covenant is superior to the covenant God made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]). + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:8-12, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### New covenant ##### +The author mentions the new covenant and discusses Jesus' relationship to it. Israel's relationship to the new covenant is unclear and the subject of much debate. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### We ##### +The author begins to speak using the pronoun "we." It is uncertain who else this includes. +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/01.md b/heb/09/01.md index d55bc9dc1f..367b5f6397 100644 --- a/heb/09/01.md +++ b/heb/09/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] +The writer makes clear to these Jewish believers that the laws and the tabernacle of the old covenant were only pictures of the better, new covenant. -## translationNotes +# Now -* The author continues the comparison between the first and second covenant. -* **first covenant** - Translate this as you did in [[:en/bible/notes/heb/08/06]]. -* **regulations** - "detailed instructions" or "rules" or "directions" -* **For** - The author is continuing the discussion from [[:en:bible:notes:heb:08:06]]. -* **there was a room prepared** - "the Israelites prepared a room" -* **bread of the presence** - "bread on display before God" (UDB) or "bread the priests presented to God" +This word marks a new part of the teaching. + +# first covenant + +See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/06.md). + +# had regulations + +"had detailed instructions" or "had rules" + +# For + +The author is continuing the discussion from [Hebrews 8:7](../08/06.md). + +# a tabernacle was prepared + +A tabernacle was constructed and made ready for use. This idea can be stated in active form. AT: "the Israelites prepared a tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the lampstand, the table, and the bread of the presence + +These objects are all accompanied by the definite article "the," because the author assumes that his readers already know about these things. + +# bread of the presence + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "presence" is expressed as the verb "display" or "present." AT: "bread on display before God" or "bread the priests presented to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/03.md b/heb/09/03.md index 09039ec778..5db39293ac 100644 --- a/heb/09/03.md +++ b/heb/09/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Behind the second curtain -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:manna]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] +The first curtain was the outer wall of the tabernacle, so the "second curtain" was the curtain between the "holy place" and the "most holy place." -## translationNotes +# second -* **behind the second curtain** - The first curtain was the outer wall of the tabernacle, so the "second curtain" was the curtain between the "holy place" and the "most holy place". -* **Inside it** - "Inside the ark of the covenant" -* **budded** - "flowered" or "sprouted" or "grew and developed" -* **stone tablet** - A flat piece of stone that had writing on it. -* **figure** - A sculpture that represents the form of something -* **cherubim hovered over** - "cherubim were above" -* **atonement lid** - the top of the ark of the covenant +This is the ordinal word for number two. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Inside it + +"Inside the ark of the covenant" + +# Aaron's rod that budded + +This was the rod Aaron had when God proved to the people of Israel that he had chosen Aaron as his priest by making Aaron's rod bud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# budded + +"flowered" or "sprouted" or "grew and developed" + +# tablets of the covenant + +Here "tablets" are flat pieces of stone that had writing on them. This refers to the stone tablets on which the ten commandments were written. + +# glorious cherubim overshadowed the atonement lid + +When the Israelites were making the ark of the covenant, God commanded them to carve two cherubim facing each other, with their wings touching, over the atonement lid of the ark of the covenant. Here they are spoken of as providing shade for the ark of the covenant. AT: "glorious cherubim covered the atonement lid with their wings" + +# cherubim + +Here "cherubim" means figures of two cherubim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# which we cannot + +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "which I cannot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/06.md b/heb/09/06.md index 329c4b666f..e98db27d09 100644 --- a/heb/09/06.md +++ b/heb/09/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# After these things were prepared -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After the priests prepared these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# not without blood -* **After these things have been prepared** - AT: "After the priests have prepared these things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **prepared** - "made ready earlier" -* **not without offering** - "always offering" or "he always has to offer" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "he always brought blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# blood + +This is the blood of the bull and goat that the high priest had to sacrifice on the Day of Atonement. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/08.md b/heb/09/08.md index 5a7d2ad65b..6f1250335f 100644 --- a/heb/09/08.md +++ b/heb/09/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# the most holy place -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Possible meanings are 1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth or 2) God's presence in heaven. -## translationNotes +# the first tabernacle was still standing -* **the way...has not yet been revealed** - AT: "God has not yet revealed the way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the most holy place** - Possible meanings: 1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth (see UDB) or 2) God's presence in heaven. -* **the first tabernacle is still standing** - Possible meanings: 1) "the outer room of the tabernacle is still standing (see UDB) or 2) "the sacrificial system continues" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **illustration** - "picture" -* **the present time** - "now" -* **perfect the worshiper's conscience** - "make the worshiper free from guilt" -* **ceremonial washing** - "rules" or "symbolic acts" -* **regulations for the flesh** - "rules for the physical body" -* **These were all regulations for the flesh that were provided** - AT: "God provided all these regulations for the flesh" -* **new order** - "new covenant" +Possible meanings are 1) "the outer room of the tabernacle was still standing" or 2) "the earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This was an illustration + +"This was a picture" or "This was a symbol" + +# for the present time + +"for now" + +# that are now being offered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the priests now offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# are not able to perfect the worshiper's conscience + +The writer speaks of a person's conscience as if it were an object that could be made better and better until it was without fault. A person's conscience is his knowledge of right and wrong. It is also his awareness of whether or not he has done wrong. If he knows he has done wrong, we say that he feels guilty. AT: "are not able to make the worshiper free from guilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the worshiper's conscience + +The writer appears to refer to only one worshiper, but he means all those who came to worship God at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# regulations for the flesh + +Here "flesh" refers to the physical body. AT: "rules for the physical body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# These were all regulations for the flesh that were provided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God provided all these regulations for the flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that were provided until the new order would be created + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God provided until he created the new order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# new order + +"new covenant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/11.md b/heb/09/11.md index 0a583043b9..20f2a32340 100644 --- a/heb/09/11.md +++ b/heb/09/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Having described the service of the tabernacle under God's law, the writer makes clear that Christ's service under the new covenant is better because it is sealed with his blood. It is better also because Christ has entered the true "tabernacle," that is, God's own presence in heaven, instead of entering, as other high priests, into the earthly tabernacle, which was only an imperfect copy. -## translationNotes +# good things -* **good things** - the "new order" ([[en/bible/notes/heb/09/08]]) -* **most holy place** - God's presence in heaven +This does not refer to material things. It means the good things that God promised in his new covenant. + +# the greater and more perfect tabernacle + +This refers to the heavenly tent or tabernacle, which is more important and more perfect than the earthly tabernacle. + +# that was not made by human hands + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that humans hands did not make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# human hands + +Here "hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "humans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# most holy place + +God's presence in heaven is spoken of as if it were the most holy place, the innermost room in the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/13.md b/heb/09/13.md index 314acf196a..aa88f49882 100644 --- a/heb/09/13.md +++ b/heb/09/13.md @@ -1,35 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# sprinkling of a heifer's ashes on those who have become unclean -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heifer]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mediator]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The priest would drop small amounts of the ashes on the unclean people. -## translationNotes +# for the cleansing of their flesh -* **sprinkling of...ashes on those who are ritually unclean** - The priest would drop small amounts of the ashes on the unclean people. -* **how much more will Christ's blood, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse our conscience from dead deeds to serve the living God?** - "Christ offered himself without blemish to God through the eternal Spirit, and his blood will cleanse our conscience from dead deeds to serve the living God" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Christ's blood...cleanse our conscience** - Because Jesus sacrificed himself, we no longer have to feel guilty for the sins we have committed. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **our conscience** - the conscience of the writer and of the readers -* **For this reason** - "As a result" or "Because of this" -* **penalty** - "punishment" -* **those called by God** - those whom God has appointed or chosen to be his children +Here "flesh" refers to the entire body. AT: "for the cleansing of their bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse our conscience from dead works to serve the living God? + +The author uses this question to emphasize that Christ's sacrifice was the most powerful. AT: "then certainly Christ's blood will cleanse our conscience even more from dead works to serve the living God! Because, through the eternal Spirit, he offered himself without blemish to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the blood of Christ + +The "blood" of Christ stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cleanse our conscience + +Here "conscience" refers to a person's feeling of guilt. Believers no longer have to feel guilty for the sins they have committed because Jesus sacrificed himself and has forgiven them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blemish + +This is a small sin or moral fault spoken of here as if it were a small, unusual spot or defect on Christ's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cleanse + +Here "cleanse" stands for the action of relieving our consciences from guilt for the sins we have committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dead works + +Sinful deeds are spoken of as if they belonged to the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For this reason + +"As a result" or "Because of this" + +# he is the mediator of a new covenant + +This means Christ caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist. + +# first covenant + +See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/06.md). + +# those who are called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom God has chosen to be his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# inheritance + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/16.md b/heb/09/16.md index f177c20a13..47ab6fe960 100644 --- a/heb/09/16.md +++ b/heb/09/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# will -* [[en:tw:death]] +a legal document in which a person states who should receive his possessions when he himself dies -## translationNotes +# the death of the person who made it must be proven -* **will** - a legal document in which a person states who should receive that person's possessions when that person dies +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone must prove that the person who made the will has died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/18.md b/heb/09/18.md index 891c615c06..6aa678f31c 100644 --- a/heb/09/18.md +++ b/heb/09/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So not even the first covenant was established without blood -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] +This can be stated in active and positive form. AT: "So God established even the first covenant with blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# first covenant -* **So not even the first covenant was established without blood** - AT: "So God established even the first covenant with blood" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **took the blood...with water...and sprinkled...the scroll...and all the people** - The priest would dip the hyssop in the blood and the water and then shake the hyssop so drops of blood and water would fall on the scroll and on the people. -* **hyssop** - a plant used in ceremonial sprinkling +See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/06.md). + +# blood + +The death of animals sacrificed to God is spoken of as if it were nothing but blood. AT: "the death of animals sacrificed to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# took the blood ... with water ... and sprinkled ... the scroll ... and all the people + +The priest dipped the hyssop in the blood and the water and then shook the hyssop so drops of blood and water would fall on the scroll and on the people. Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. Here the scroll and the people's acceptability to God are renewed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# hyssop + +a woody shrub with flowers in summer, used in ceremonial sprinkling + +# the blood of the covenant + +Here "blood" refers to the death of the animals sacrificed to carry out the covenant's requirements. AT: "the blood that brings into effect the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/21.md b/heb/09/21.md index d8768b86aa..5bbdf8d7b5 100644 --- a/heb/09/21.md +++ b/heb/09/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# he sprinkled -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +"Moses sprinkled" -## translationNotes +# sprinkled -* **sprinkled** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:heb:09:18]] -* **container** - "object that can hold something" or "vessel" -* **priestly service** - "work of the priests" -* **everything is cleansed with blood** - "the priests use blood to cleanse everything" +Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 9:19](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# all the containers used in the service + +A container is an object that can hold things. Here it may refer to any kind of utensil or tool. AT: "all the utensils used in the the service" + +# used in the service + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priests used in their work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# almost everything is cleansed with blood + +Making something acceptable to God is spoken of as if it were cleansing that thing. This idea can be stated in active form. AT: "the priests use blood to cleanse almost everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blood + +Here the animal "blood" is talking about the animal's death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness + +Here "shedding of blood" refers to something dying as a sacrifice to God. This double negative can mean that all forgiveness comes through the shedding of blood. AT: "Forgiveness only comes when something dies as a sacrifice" or "God only forgives when something dies as a sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# forgiveness + +You can state explicitly the implied meaning. AT: "forgiveness of the sins of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/23.md b/heb/09/23.md index e7b26a7817..41dc014889 100644 --- a/heb/09/23.md +++ b/heb/09/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +The writer emphasizes that Christ (now in heaven interceding for us) had to die only once for sins and that he will return to earth a second time. -## translationNotes +# the copies of the things in heaven should be cleansed with these animal sacrifices -* **the copies of the things in heaven should be cleansed with these animal sacrifices** - AT: "the priests should use these animal sacrifices to cleanse the copies of the things in heaven" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the heavenly things themselves had to be cleansed with much better sacrifices** - AT: "as for the heavenly things themselves, God had to cleanse them with much better sacrifices" than the sacrifices used to cleanse the earthly copies +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priests should use these animal sacrifices to cleanse what are copies of things that are in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the heavenly things themselves had to be cleansed with much better sacrifices + +That is, better than the sacrifices used to cleanse the earthly copies. This can be stated in active form. AT: "as for the heavenly things themselves, God had to cleanse them with much better sacrifices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the most holy place made with hands, which + +Here "with hands" means "by humans." This can be stated in active form. AT: "the most holy place, which humans made, and which" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# of the true one + +"of the true most holy place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/25.md b/heb/09/25.md index 0430010625..3a496a952a 100644 --- a/heb/09/25.md +++ b/heb/09/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He did not go there -* [[en:tw:age]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +"He did not enter heaven" -## translationNotes +# year by year -* **He did not go there** - "He did not enter heaven" (UDB) -* **If that were true** - "If he had had to offer himself often" -* **the world's beginning** - "God created the world" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he has been revealed** - AT: "God has revealed him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"every year" or "each year" + +# with the blood of another + +This means with the blood of an animal victim, not with his own blood. + +# If that had been the case + +"If he had had to offer himself often" + +# since the world's foundation + +The creation of the world is spoken of as if the world were a building and the foundation was the first part to be constructed. AT: "since God began to create the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has been revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has revealed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself + +This speaks about sin as if it were an object that a person could put away. Putting sin away represents forgiving it. AT: "to cause God to forgive sins by sacrificing himself" or "to sacrifice himself so that sin can be forgiven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/27.md b/heb/09/27.md index 2a4aebbbc3..95b8a1918d 100644 --- a/heb/09/27.md +++ b/heb/09/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Christ also, who was offered -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Christ also, who offered himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to take away the sins -* **Christ, who was offered** - AT: "Christ, who offered himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The act of making us innocent rather than guilty for our sins is spoken of as if our sins were physical objects that Christ could carry away from us. AT: "so that God would forgive the sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sins + +Here "sins" mean the guilt that people have before God because of the sins they committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/intro.md b/heb/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f0d5db46da --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Hebrews 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter discusses how Jesus is superior to the temple and its religious system of regulations. This chapter will be difficult to understand if the first five books of the Old Testament have not yet been translated. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Will ##### +A will is a legal document that declares what will happen to a person's property after they die. + +##### Blood ##### +Blood played an important role in the Mosaic and New Covenants. In the Mosaic Covenant, it was the blood of the sacrifices which was significant. In the New Covenant, it is the blood of Jesus that is much more important by comparison. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +##### Return of Christ ##### +The purpose of the return of Christ is to ultimately redeem the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### First covenant ##### +This is a reference to the covenant made with Moses. Although it is not the first covenant recorded in scripture, it was the first covenant that God made with the people of Israel, so it was earlier than the new covenant made through Jesus Christ. The translator may wish to translate "the first covenant" as "the earlier covenant." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 9:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/01.md b/heb/10/01.md index 995b9d2e9a..e1f5aacc10 100644 --- a/heb/10/01.md +++ b/heb/10/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The writer shows the weakness of the law and its sacrifices, why God gave the law, and the perfection of the new priesthood and Christ's sacrifice. -## translationNotes +# the law is only a shadow of the good things to come -* **not those realities** - "not the real things" -* **draw near** - "come to worship" (UDB) or "come close" -* **would not those sacrifices have ceased to be offered?** - "they would have ceased offering those sacrifices." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **ceased** - "stopped" -* **case** - "situation" -* **having been once cleansed** - "whom God had cleansed" -* **awareness** - "knowledge of the existence" -* **there is a reminder of sins committed** - "God reminds the people of the sins they have done" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **year after year** - "every year" -* **For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins** - "For the blood of bulls and goats can never take away sin" +This speaks about the law as if it were a shadow. The author means the law is not the good things that God had promised. It only hints at the good things that God is going to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not the real forms of those things themselves + +"not the real things themselves" + +# year after year + +"every year" + +# would the sacrifices not have ceased to be offered? + +The author uses a question to state that the sacrifices were limited in their power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they would have ceased offering those sacrifices." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ceased + +"stopped" + +# the worshipers would have been cleansed + +Here being cleansed represents no longer being guilty of sin. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sacrifices would have taken away their sin" or "God would have made them no longer guilty of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# would no longer have any consciousness of sin + +"would no longer think that they are guilty of sin" or "would know that they are no longer guilty of sin" + +# For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins + +Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that animal blood could sweep away as it flowed. AT: "For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to cause God to forgive sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blood of bulls and goats + +Here "blood" refers to these animals dying as sacrifices to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/05.md b/heb/10/05.md index b66464e53f..506792b59f 100644 --- a/heb/10/05.md +++ b/heb/10/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Christ's words when he was on earth were foretold in this quotation from a psalm of David. -## translationNotes +# that you desired -* **you prepared a body for me** - "you had made a body ready for me" +Here "you" is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# prepared + +"made ready" + +# Then I said + +Here "I" refers to Christ. + +# as it is written about me in the scroll + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as the prophets wrote about me in the scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the scroll + +This means the scriptures or the holy writings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/08.md b/heb/10/08.md index a25d72a7a5..c9f28af580 100644 --- a/heb/10/08.md +++ b/heb/10/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Though changing the wording slightly, the author repeats these quotations from a psalm of David for emphasis. -## translationNotes +# sacrifices ... offerings ... whole burnt offerings ... sacrifices for sin -* **as is stated above** - AT: "As I just wrote, Jesus said:" -* **sacrifices, offerings, or whole burnt offerings** - Translate these words as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:heb:10:05]]. -* **—sacrifices that are offered** - AT, starting a new sentence: "These are all sacrifices that people offer" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **See,** - “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you:” -* **we have been sanctified by God's will** - "God wanted Christ to sacrifice himself, and that sacrifice has sanctified us" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +See how you translated these words in [Hebrews 10:5-6](./05.md). + +# that are offered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that priests offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# See + +"Look" or "Listen" + +# He takes away the first practice in order to establish the second practice + +The abstract noun "practice" here refers to a way of atoning for sins. Stopping doing it is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away. Starting the second way of atoning for sins is spoken of as establishing that practice. AT: "He stops people atoning for sins the first way in order to atone for sins the second way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# first practice ... the second practice + +The words "first" and "second" are ordinal numbers. AT: "old practice ... the new practice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# we have been sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has sanctified us" or "God has dedicated us to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ + +The abstract noun "offering" can be expressed with the verb "offer" or "sacrifice." AT: "because Jesus Christ offered his body as a sacrifice" or "because Jesus Christ sacrificed his body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/11.md b/heb/10/11.md index 9911da3ce9..ef7ba2ba67 100644 --- a/heb/10/11.md +++ b/heb/10/11.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# On the one hand ... On the other hand -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:perfect|perfect]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +These phrases are used to compares two things. Your language may have a way to emphasize that the author is making a comparison. Or you could leave out "On the one hand" and translate "On the other hand" simply as "But." -## translationNotes +# day by day -* **Indeed** - This connects [[:en:bible:notes:heb:10:01]] with the words that follow. -* **his enemies were humbled and made a stool for his feet** - "God humbled and completely shamed Christ's enemies." It was a great shame for people to be put under other people's feet. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **those who are sanctified** - AT: "those whom God sanctified" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"day after day" or "every day" + +# can never take away sins + +This speaks of "sins" as if they are an object that a person can take away. AT: "can never cause God to forgive sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he sat down at the right hand of God + +Here "right hand" refers to a place of honor. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "he sat down in the place of honor next to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until his enemies are made a stool for his feet + +The humiliation of Christ's enemies is spoken of as if they were made a place for him to rest his feet. This can be stated in active form. AT: "until God humiliates Christ's enemies and they become like a stool for his feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who are being sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom God is sanctifying" or "those whom God has dedicated to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/15.md b/heb/10/15.md index 4f6aa5ee8f..6f80a929ee 100644 --- a/heb/10/15.md +++ b/heb/10/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament. -## translationNotes +# with them -* **first** - before what he says in [[:en:bible:notes:heb:10:17]] -* **them** - those who are sanctified ([[en:bible:notes:heb:10:11]]) -* **after those days** - "when the first covenant is complete" +"with my people" + +# after those days + +"when the time of the first covenant with my people has finished" + +# I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them on their minds + +People's hearts and minds are spoken of as if God's laws could be put or written on them. AT: "I will cause them to understand my laws and I will cause them to obey them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/17.md b/heb/10/17.md index f306af2851..84b6fceebe 100644 --- a/heb/10/17.md +++ b/heb/10/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This continues the quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament. -## translationNotes +# No more will I remember their sins and lawless deeds -* **Then** - after what was said in [[:en:bible:notes:heb:10:15]] -* **No more will I remember** - "I will not remember" -* **there is forgiveness for** - "God has forgiven" +This is the second part of the Holy Spirit's testimony (See: [Hebrews 10:15-16](./15.md)). You can make this explicit in the translation. AT: "Then next he said, 'No more will I remember how they did things that were forbidden and how they broke the law.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# No more will I remember their sins + +"I will no longer remember their sins" or "I will no longer think about their sins" + +# sins and lawless deeds + +The words "sins" and "lawless deeds" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how bad the sin is. AT: "sinful, evil deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# where there is forgiveness for these + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "forgiveness" is expressed as the verb "forgive." AT: "when God has forgiven these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# there is no longer any sacrifice for sin + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "sacrifice" is expressed as the verb "make offerings." AT: "people no longer need to make offerings for sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/19.md b/heb/10/19.md index 523ac12264..4734bf1972 100644 --- a/heb/10/19.md +++ b/heb/10/19.md @@ -1,29 +1,71 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Having made it clear that there is only one sacrifice for sin, the writer continues with the picture of the most holy place in the temple, where only the high priest could enter each year with the blood of the sacrifice for sins. He reminds the believers that they now worship God in his presence as if they were standing in the most holy place. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **the most holy place** - the presence of God (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **his body** - AT: "his death" -* **through the curtain** - The curtain in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God's true presence. -* **the house of God** - all believers -* **full assurance** - a strong feeling of confidence -* **hearts sprinkled clean** - AT: "hearts that God has sprinkled Jesus' blood on and made clean" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **sprinkled** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:heb:09:18]] +Here this means all believers in Christ whether male or female. AT: "brothers and sisters" or "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# the most holy place + +This means the presence of God, not the most holy place in the old tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by the blood of Jesus + +Here "blood of Jesus" refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# living way + +Possible meanings are 1) this new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever or 2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God. + +# through the curtain + +The curtain in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God's true presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by means of his flesh + +Here "flesh" stands for the body of Jesus, and his body stands for his sacrificial death. AT: "by means of his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# we have a great priest over the house of God + +This must be translated in such a way as to make it clear that Jesus is this "great priest." + +# over the house + +"in charge of the house" + +# the house of God + +This speaks about God's people as if they were a literal house. AT: "all the people of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let us approach + +Here "approach" stands for worshiping God, as a priest would go up to God's altar to sacrifice animals to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with true hearts + +"with faithful hearts" or "with honest hearts." Here "hearts" stands for the genuine will and motivation of the believers. AT: "with sincerity" or "sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the full assurance of faith + +"and with a confident faith" or "and trusting completely in Jesus" + +# having our hearts sprinkled clean + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as if had he made our hearts clean with his blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# hearts sprinkled clean + +Here "hearts" stands for the conscience, the awareness of right and wrong. Being made clean stands for being forgiven and being given the status of righteousness. Hearts are spoken of as if they could be cleansed by blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sprinkled + +Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 9:19](../09/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# having our bodies washed with pure water + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as if he had washed our bodies in pure water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# our bodies washed with pure water + +If the translator understands this phrase as referring to Christian baptism, then "water" is literal, not figurative. But if water is taken as literal, then "pure" is figurative, standing for the spiritual purity that baptism is said here to accomplish. The "washing" stands for the believer being made acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/23.md b/heb/10/23.md index 18c7ed680e..85aae7a0c6 100644 --- a/heb/10/23.md +++ b/heb/10/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Let us also hold tightly to the confession of our confident expectation -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:dayoftheLord]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here "hold tightly" is a metaphor that refers to a person determining to do something and refusing to stop. The abstract nouns "confession" and "expectation" can be translated as verbs. AT: "Let us be determined to continue confessing the things that we confidently expect from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# without wavering -* **hold tightly to the confession of our confident expectation** - "continue telling people that we are confident because we believe that God will do what he has promised to do" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **wavering** - "becoming unsure" -* **the day drawing near** - AT: "the day when Jesus returns becoming closer" +Being uncertain about something is spoken of as if he were wavering or leaning from side to side. AT: "without being unsure" or "without doubting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us not stop meeting together + +You can make explicit that the people met to worship. AT: "Let us not stop coming together to worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as you see the day coming closer + +A future time is spoken of as if it were an object coming closer to the speaker. Here "the day" refers to when Jesus will return. AT: "as you know that Christ will return soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/26.md b/heb/10/26.md index 9c31770368..515d144fc9 100644 --- a/heb/10/26.md +++ b/heb/10/26.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +The writer now gives his fourth warning. -## translationNotes +# deliberately -* **deliberately** - "with full understanding" -* **a sacrifice for sins no longer exists** - "no one can offer a sacrifice for which God will forgive our sins" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"intentionally" + +# after we have received the knowledge of the truth + +Knowledge of the truth is spoken of as if it were an object that could be given by one person to another. AT: "after we have learned the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the truth + +The truth about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a sacrifice for sins no longer exists + +No one is able to give a new sacrifice because Christ's sacrifice is the only one that works. AT: "no one can offer a sacrifice for which God will forgive our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a sacrifice for sins + +Here "sacrifice for sins" stands for "an effective way to sacrifice animals to take away sins" + +# of judgment + +Of God's judgment, that is, that God will judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a fury of fire that will consume God's enemies + +God's fury is spoken of as if it were fire that would burn up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/28.md b/heb/10/28.md index 48bb88cbd6..1cb6bd1a9b 100644 --- a/heb/10/28.md +++ b/heb/10/28.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# of two or three witnesses -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:unholy]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +It is implied that this means "of at least two or three witness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# How much worse punishment do you think one deserves ... grace? -* **two or three** - "2 or 3" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **How much more punishment do you think anyone deserves...?** - AT: "This was severe punishment. But the punishment will be even greater for anyone...." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **trampled on the Son of God** - This word picture illustrates the serious nature of disregarding what Christ has done. AT: "rejected what the Son of God has done" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **trampled** - "stepped heavily" -* **the blood by which he was sanctified** - "the blood by which God sanctified him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Spirit of grace** - "Spirit of God who provides grace" +The author is emphasizing the greatness of the punishment for those who reject Christ. AT: "This was severe punishment. But the punishment will be even greater for anyone ... grace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# has trampled underfoot the Son of God + +Disregarding Christ and scorning him are spoken of as if someone had walked on him. AT: "has rejected the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who treated the blood of the covenant as unholy + +This shows how the person has trampled the Son of God. AT: "by treating the blood of the covenant as unholy" + +# the blood of the covenant + +Here "blood" stands for Christ's death, by which God established the new covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the blood by which he was sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the blood by which God sanctified him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Spirit of grace + +"the Spirit of God, who provides grace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/30.md b/heb/10/30.md index 2051a6a7e9..96141c0542 100644 --- a/heb/10/30.md +++ b/heb/10/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +The word "we" here refers to the writer and all believers. These two quotations come from the law that Moses gave in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Vengeance belongs to me -* **we know** - the writer and all believers know (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **fall into the hands** - AT: "be under the full judgment" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Vengeance is spoken of as if it were an object that belongs to God, who has the right to do as he wishes with what he owns. God has the right to take vengeance on his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will pay back + +God taking vengeance is spoken of as if he were paying back the harmful things that someone has done to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to fall into the hands + +Receiving God's full punishment is spoken of as if the person falls into God's hands. Here "hands" refers to God's power to judge. AT: "to receive God's full punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/32.md b/heb/10/32.md index 73aac88fb2..11a053a413 100644 --- a/heb/10/32.md +++ b/heb/10/32.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the former days -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:persecute|persecute, persecution]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] +"the time in the past" -## translationNotes +# after you were enlightened -* **after you were enlightened** - "after you learned the truth" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You were exposed to public ridicule by insults and persecution** - "People ridiculed you by insulting and persecuting you in public" -* **you yourselves** - the readers, unlike those who had ridiculed them, put them in prison, and taken their possessions +Learning the truth is spoken of as if God shined a light on the person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after you learned the truth about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# how you endured a great struggle in suffering + +"how much suffering you had to endure" + +# You were exposed to public ridicule by insults and persecution + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People ridiculed you by insulting and persecuting you in public" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you were sharing with those + +"you joined those" + +# a better and everlasting possession + +God's eternal blessings are spoken of as a "possession." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/35.md b/heb/10/35.md index 63fe8f3ca0..37706ebedb 100644 --- a/heb/10/35.md +++ b/heb/10/35.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:confidence|confidence, confident]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +In 10:37 is a quotation from the prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament. -## translationNotes +# do not throw away your confidence, which has a great reward -* **throw away** - as of something worthless or useless -* **in a very little while** - "very soon" +A person no longer having confidence is spoken of as if the person were to throw confidence away, like a person would discard something worthless. The abstract noun "confidence" can be translated with the adjective "confident" or the adverb "confidently." AT: "do not stop being confident, because you will receive a great reward for being confident" or "do not stop confidently trusting in God, who will reward you greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For in a very little while + +You can make this explicit. AT: "As God said in the scriptures, 'For in a very little while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in a very little while + +"very soon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/38.md b/heb/10/38.md index 1ffd3d4f30..ed54adaff0 100644 --- a/heb/10/38.md +++ b/heb/10/38.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faith]] +In 10:38 the author quotes from the prophet Habakkuk, which directly follows the quotation from the prophet Isaiah in 10:37. -## translationNotes +# My righteous one ... If he turns ... with him -* The words of the prophet are continued from [[:en:bible:notes:heb:10:35]]. -* **My righteous one** - "My faithful follower" +These refer to any of God's people in general. AT: "My faithful people ... If any one of them turns ... with that person" or "My faithful people ... If they turn ... with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# My righteous ... I will + +Here "My" and "I" refer to God. + +# If he turns back + +Losing courage and faith are spoken of as if it were turning back from following a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who turn back to destruction + +Losing courage and faith are spoken of as if it were turning back from following a path. And "destruction" is spoken of as if it were a destination. AT: "who stop trusting God, which will cause him to destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for keeping our soul + +Living eternally with God is spoken of as if it were keeping one's soul. Here "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: ", which will result in us living with God forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/intro.md b/heb/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..50906eb736 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Hebrews 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter discusses how life as a Christian is superior to life as a Jew under the law of Moses and how the sacrifice of Jesus was superior to the sacrifices offered in the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:5-7, 6-17, 37-38, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== God's judgment and reward== +Holy living is important for Christians. God will hold people accountable for how they lived their Christian life. Even though there will not be eternal condemnation for Christians, ungodly actions do and will have consequences. In addition, faithful living will be rewarded. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins" ##### +The sacrifices themselves had no redeeming power. They were effective because they were a display of faith, which was credited to the person offering the sacrifice. It was ultimately the sacrifice of Jesus which then makes these sacrifices "take away sins." In turn, God does not want sacrifices offered devoid of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### "The covenant that I will make" ##### +It is unclear whether this prophecy was being fulfilled as the author was writing or whether it was to occur later. The translator should try to avoid making a claim about the time this covenant begins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/01.md b/heb/11/01.md index e32d7cd38e..f3f9f45d65 100644 --- a/heb/11/01.md +++ b/heb/11/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:confidence|confidence, confident]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creation|create, creation, Creator]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faith|faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +The author tells three things about faith in this brief introduction. -## translationNotes +# Now -* The Old Testament believers lived by faith. -* **faith is the assurance one has when he is confidently expecting** - "faith is the basis one has for confidently expecting" -* **For by this** - "Because they were certain about what was still not seen" -* **our ancestors were approved for their faith** - "God approved of our ancestors because they had faith" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here the author starts to explain the meaning of "faith." + +# faith is the assurance about the things that are confidently expected + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "faith is what allows a person to confidently expect certain things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# confidently expected + +Here this refers specifically to the sure promises of God, especially the certainty that all believers in Jesus will live with God forever in heaven. + +# that are still not seen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that we still have not seen" or "that still have not happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For because of this + +"Because they were certain about events that had not happened" + +# the ancestors were approved for their faith + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God approved of our ancestors because they had faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the ancestors + +The author is speaking to the Hebrews about Hebrew ancestors. AT: "our ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the universe was created by God's command + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God created the universe by commanding it to exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what is visible was not made out of things that were visible + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not create what we see out of things that were visible" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/04.md b/heb/11/04.md index 208c3fe391..a48b0d0a90 100644 --- a/heb/11/04.md +++ b/heb/11/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abel]] -* [[en:tw:abel|Abel]] -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:cain|Cain]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +The writer then gives many examples (mostly from Old Testament writings) of people who lived by faith even though they did not receive what God had promised while they lived on the earth. -## translationNotes +# he was attested to be righteous -* **more appropriate** - "better" -* **Abel still speaks** - AT: "what Abel did continues to teach us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God declared him to be righteous" or "God declared that Abel was righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Abel still speaks + +Reading the scriptures and learning about Abel's faith is spoken of as if Abel himself were still speaking. AT: "we still learn from what Abel did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/05.md b/heb/11/05.md index 8fb1bcbb79..189e101fd1 100644 --- a/heb/11/05.md +++ b/heb/11/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# It was by faith that Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:enoch]] -* [[en:tw:enoch|Enoch]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It was by faith that Enoch did not die because God took him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# see death -* **by faith Enoch was taken up and did not see death** - AT: "by faith Enoch did not die because God took him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **see death** - "die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **it was said of him that he had pleased God** - Possible meanings: 1) "God said that Enoch had pleased him" (see UDB) or 2) "people said that Enoch pleased God." -* **before he was taken up** - "before God took him up" +This speaks of death as if it were an object that people can see. It means to experience death. AT: "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before he was taken up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "before God took him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it was testified that he had pleased God + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "God said that Enoch had pleased him" or 2) "people said that Enoch pleased God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Now without faith + +Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# without faith it is impossible to please him + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "a person can please God only if he has faith in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# that anyone coming to God + +Wanting to worship God and belong to his people is spoken of as if the person is literally coming to God. AT: "that anyone who wants to belong to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is a rewarder of those + +"he rewards those" + +# those who seek him + +Those who learn about God and make an effort to obey him are spoken of as if they were seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/07.md b/heb/11/07.md index 2166867a31..fbb9dd89d7 100644 --- a/heb/11/07.md +++ b/heb/11/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# having been given a divine message -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This can be stated in active form and in other terms. AT: "because God told him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# about things not yet seen -* The writer of Hebrews has just focused on faith as well as Enoch's faith. -* **being warned by God** - AT: "because God warned him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **things not yet seen** - AT: "things no one had ever seen before" -* **the world** - the other people living in the world at that time. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "about things no one had ever seen before" or "about events that had not happened yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the world + +Here "world" refers to the world's human population. AT: "the people living in the world at that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# became an heir of the righteousness + +Noah is spoken of as if he were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. AT: "received from God the righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that is according to faith + +"that God gives to those who have faith in him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/08.md b/heb/11/08.md index 7cbee0a7b9..51429f3db4 100644 --- a/heb/11/08.md +++ b/heb/11/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# when he was called -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when God called him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# went out to the place -* The writer continues to focus on the faith of past leaders in Israel. -* **went out to** - "left his home to go to" -* **He went out** - "He left his home" -* **the land of promise** - "the land God had promised to him" -* **fellow heirs** - "heirs together" -* **architect** - a person who designs buildings +"left his home to go to the place" + +# that he was to receive as an inheritance + +The land that God promised to give Abraham's descendants is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Abraham was to receive. AT: "that God would give him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He went out + +"He left his home" + +# he lived in the land of promise as a foreigner + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "promise" is expressed as the verb "promised." AT: "he lived as a foreigner in the land God had promised to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# fellow heirs + +"heirs together." This speaks about Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as if they were heirs that would receive an inheritance from their father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the city with foundations + +"the city that has foundations." Having foundations indicates that the city is permanent. AT: "the eternal city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whose architect and builder is God + +"which is designed and built by God" or "which God would design and build" + +# architect + +a person who designs buildings and cities \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/11.md b/heb/11/11.md index ec14d6d62d..bacf83b6cd 100644 --- a/heb/11/11.md +++ b/heb/11/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It was by faith -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The abstract noun "faith" can be expressed with the verb "believe." Possible meanings are 1) it was by Abraham's faith. AT: "It was because Abraham believed God" or 2) it was by Sarah's faith. AT: "It was because Sarah believed God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# received ability to father a child -* The author continues to write about Abraham's faith. -* **power to conceive** - "the ability to become pregnant" -* **considered God as** - "believed God to be" -* **countless descendants... many as the stars in the sky and the innumerable grains of sand on the seashore** - very many (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"received ability to become a father" or "received ability to have a child" + +# since he considered as faithful the one who had given the promise + +"because he believed God, who had give the promise, to be faithful" + +# almost dead + +"too old to have children" or "very old" + +# descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore + +This simile means Abraham had very many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as countless as sand by the seashore + +This means that just as there are so many grains of sand on the seashore that no one can count them all, Abraham had so many descendants that no one can count them all. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/13.md b/heb/11/13.md index d573de009f..a3c3cb1550 100644 --- a/heb/11/13.md +++ b/heb/11/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# without receiving the promises -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +This speaks of promises as if they are objects that a person receives. AT: "without receiving what God had promised them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# after seeing and greeting them from far off -* The past leaders of the people of God had faith that what God has promised would come true. -* **having seen and welcomed them from far off** - This phrase is comparing the prophet's understanding of future events to welcoming a traveler arriving from far away. AT: "having understood what God will do in the future" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **admitted** - "acknowledged" or "accepted" -* **aliens** - "foreigners" or "outsiders" -* **a homeland** - "a country" +Future promised events are spoken of as if they were travelers arriving from far away. AT: "after learning what God will do in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they admitted + +"they acknowledged" or "they accepted" + +# they were foreigners and exiles on earth + +Here "foreigners" and "exiles" mean basically the same thing. This emphasizes that this earth was not their true home. They were waiting for their true home that God would make for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# a homeland + +"a country for them to belong to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/15.md b/heb/11/15.md index 2bbbf790d5..a3c06b66c0 100644 --- a/heb/11/15.md +++ b/heb/11/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# heavenly one +"heavenly country" or "country in heaven" -## translationNotes +# God is not ashamed to be called their God -* The writer of Hebrews continues to describe the past leaders of God's people and their faith in God's promises. -* **Indeed** - "Actually" or "For sure" or "Pay attention to this:" -* **heavenly one** - "heavenly country" or "country in heaven" -* **God is not ashamed to be called their God** - AT: "God is happy to have them call him their God" or "...to have others say of them that he is...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be expressed in active and positive form. AT: "God is happy to have them call him their God" or "God is proud to have them say that he is their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/17.md b/heb/11/17.md index 3044970941..94cd07fff3 100644 --- a/heb/11/17.md +++ b/heb/11/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# when he was tested -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when God tested him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to whom it had been said -* **offered up...offering up** - as a gift or sacrifice to God -* **From Isaac will your descendants be called** - "It is the the descendants of Isaac whom God will consider your descendants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he did receive him back** - "Abraham did receive Isaac back" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to whom God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that your descendants will be named + +Here "named" means assigned or designated. This sentence can be stated in active form. AT: "that I will designate your descendants" + +# figuratively speaking + +"in a manner of speaking." This means that what the author says next is not to be understood literally. God did not bring Isaac back from death literally. But because Abraham was about to sacrifice Isaac when God stopped him, it was as if God brought him back from the dead. + +# it was from them + +"it was from the dead ones" + +# he received him back + +"Abraham received Isaac back" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/20.md b/heb/11/20.md index 27017336d5..39c620d13e 100644 --- a/heb/11/20.md +++ b/heb/11/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jacob worshiped -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faith|faith]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:isaac|Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"Jacob worshiped God" -## translationNotes +# when his end was near -* The author of Hebrews has just written about Abraham's test by God to sacrifice his son Isaac. -* **Jacob worshiped** - "Jacob worshiped God" -* **his end** - "his death" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Here "his end" is a polite way of referring to death. AT: "when he was about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# spoke of the departure of the children of Israel from Egypt + +"spoke of when the children of Israel would leave Egypt" + +# the children of Israel + +"the Israelites" or "the descendants of Israel" + +# instructed them about his bones + +Joseph died while in Egypt. He wanted his people to take his bones with them when they left Egypt so they could bury his bones in the land that God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/23.md b/heb/11/23.md index b59c9f3344..05a2cd7076 100644 --- a/heb/11/23.md +++ b/heb/11/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses, when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses' parents hid him for three months after he was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# had grown up -* **Moses, when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents** - AT: "Moses' parents hid him for three months after he was born" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **grown up** - "become an adult" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to share mistreatment with God's people** - "to be mistreated along with God's people" -* **the disgrace of following Christ** - "the disrespect people had for him because he did what Christ would want" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **fixing his eyes on his future reward** - "doing what he knew would earn him a reward in heaven" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"had become an adult" + +# refused to be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "refused to allow people to call him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the disgrace of following Christ + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "disgrace" is express as the verb "disrespect." AT: "the experience of people disrespecting him because he did what Christ would want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# following Christ + +Obeying Christ is spoken of as if it were following him down a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fixing his eyes on his reward + +Fully concentrating on achieving a goal is spoken of as if a person were staring at an object and refusing to look away. AT: "doing what he knew would earn him a reward in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/27.md b/heb/11/27.md index 2610b79a19..0f94a5019f 100644 --- a/heb/11/27.md +++ b/heb/11/27.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he endured as if he were seeing the one who is invisible -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Moses is spoken of as if he saw God, who is invisible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# the one who is invisible -* **He did not...for he endured...he observed** - Moses -* **by looking to the one who is invisible** - "by relying on God for support" -* **is invisible** - "cannot be seen" +"the one no one can see" + +# he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood + +This was the first Passover. Moses kept it by obeying God's commands concerning the Passover and by commanding the people to obey them every year. AT: "he commanded the people to obey God's commands concerning the Passover and to sprinkle blood on their doors" or "he established the Passover and the sprinkling of blood" + +# the sprinkling of the blood + +This refers to God's command to the Israelites to kill a lamb and spread its blood on the doorposts of every house where Israelites lived. This would prevent the destroyer from harming their firstborn sons. This was one of the Passover commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# should not touch + +Here "touch" refers to harming or to killing someone. AT: "would not harm" or "would not kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/29.md b/heb/11/29.md index 0ca0063b96..05417a67c3 100644 --- a/heb/11/29.md +++ b/heb/11/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +Here the first word "they" refers to the Israelites, the second "they" refers to the Egyptians, the third "they" refers to the walls of Jericho. -## translationNotes +# they passed through the Sea of Reeds -* **they passed** - the Israelites passed -* **they were swallowed up** - AT: "the water swallowed them" or "they drowned" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they had been circled around for seven days** - AT: "the Israelites marched around them for seven days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **had received the spies in safety** - AT: "hid the spies to keep them safe" +"the Israelites passed through the Sea of Reeds" + +# they were swallowed up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the water swallowed up the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they were swallowed up + +The water is spoken of as if it were an animal. AT: "the Egyptians drowned in the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they had been circled around for seven days + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Israelites had marched around them for seven days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# seven days + +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# had received the spies in peace + +"had peacefully received the spies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/32.md b/heb/11/32.md index 8ac7481179..847db3b872 100644 --- a/heb/11/32.md +++ b/heb/11/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:jephthah]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The writer continues to speak of what God did for the ancestors of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# What more can I say? -* The writer continues to speak of what God has done for the ancestors of the people of Israel. -* **And what more can I say?** - AT: "And there are many more examples." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the time will fail me** - AT: "I will not have enough time" -* **conquered** - "defeated" -* **stopped lions' mouths...quenched the power of fire...escaped the edge of the sword** - ways the people of Israel were saved from death. AT: "lions did not eat them...fire did not burn them...the sword did not kill them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **were healed** - AT: "God healed them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The author uses a question to emphasize that there are many examples that he could have quoted. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "And there are many more examples." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the time will fail me + +"I will not have enough time" + +# Barak + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It was through faith that they + +Here "they" does not mean that each person listed in 11:32 did all the things the author is about to mention. The author means in general these are the kinds of things that those with faith were able to do. AT: "It was through faith that men like these" + +# they conquered kingdoms + +Here "kingdoms" refers to the people who lived there. AT: "they defeated the people of foreign kingdoms" + +# They stopped the mouths of lions, extinguished the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword + +These are some of the ways God saved believers from death. AT: "Lions did not eat them, fire did not burn them, their enemies did not kill them. They" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were healed of illnesses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "received healing from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# became mighty in battle, and defeated + +"and they became mighty in battle and defeated" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/35.md b/heb/11/35.md index 3d94a5619d..5174916152 100644 --- a/heb/11/35.md +++ b/heb/11/35.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Women received back their dead by resurrection -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:slain]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "resurrection." The word "dead" is a nominal adjective. It can be stated as a verb. AT: "Women received back alive those who had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# Others were tortured, not accepting release -* The author has just written about the faith of leaders of God's people in Israel. -* **Women received back their dead by resurrection** - "Women received back people who had died when God resurrected them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Others were tortured...Others suffered mocking and whippings...They were stoned...They were sawn...They were slain** - AT: "People tortured others"..."Others suffered when people mocked and whipped them"..."People threw stones at them"..."People sawed them"..."People killed them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **tortured** - made to suffer great pain -* **not accepting their release** - AT: "refusing to deny Christ so people would release them from prison" -* **even chains and imprisonment** - "people even put chains on them and placed them in prison" -* **went about** - "went from place to place" or "lived all the time" -* **destitute** - "needy" or "without anything" or "poor" +It is implied that their enemies would have released them from prison under certain conditions. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Others accepted torture rather than release from prison" or "Others allowed their enemies to torture them rather than doing what their enemies required of them in order to release them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tortured + +made to suffer great mental or physical pain + +# a better resurrection + +Possible meanings are 1) these people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world or 2) these people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God. + +# Others had testing in mocking and whippings ... They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword + +These can be stated in active form. AT: "People mocked and whipped others ... People threw stones at others. People sawed others in two. People killed others with the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Others had testing in mocking and whippings, and even chains and imprisonment + +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns are expressed as verbs. AT: "God tested others by allowing their enemies to mock and whip them and even put them in chains and imprison them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# went about + +"went from place to place" or "lived all the time" + +# in sheepskins and goatskins + +"wearing only the skins of sheep and goats" + +# They were destitute + +"They had nothing" or "They were very poor" + +# The world was not worthy + +Here "world" refers to the people. AT: "The people of this world were not worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# caves, and in the holes in the ground + +"and caves, and some lived in holes in the ground" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/39.md b/heb/11/39.md index 5a4b7a0407..de8ec38479 100644 --- a/heb/11/39.md +++ b/heb/11/39.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Although all these people were approved by God because of their faith, they did not receive the promise -* [[en:tw:perfect]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God honored all these because of their faith, but they did not themselves receive what God had promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the promise -* The author of Hebrews has just written about many tortured believers. -* **Although all these people were approved by God because of their faith, they did not receive what he promised** - AT: "God honored all these because of their faith, but they did not themselves receive what God had promised" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This expression stands for "what God had promised them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that without us, they would not be made perfect + +This can be stated in positive and active form. AT: "in order that God would perfect us and them together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/intro.md b/heb/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7d2e139066 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Hebrews 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many people refer to this chapter as the "Hall of Fame of Faith." This is because it chronicles the people in history with the greatest faith in God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +Having contrasted Christianity with Judaism, the author now begins to show the continuity between the two. In both the old and new covenants, God required faith. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Faith ##### +This chapter gives a definition of the biblical concept of faith. The translator's language may not have a word that directly corresponds to this definition. It is common for a language to lack a word that directly corresponds to a biblical word or concept. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/01.md b/heb/12/01.md index 094609a41f..43d434f033 100644 --- a/heb/12/01.md +++ b/heb/12/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:run]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Because of this great number of Old Testament believers, the author talks of the life of faith that believers should live with Jesus as their example. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Followers of Jesus are compared to runners in a race. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **we...us** - the author and the readers (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **we are surrounded by such a large crowd of witnesses** - AT: "such a large crowd of witnesses surrounds us" or "such a large crowd of witnesses acts as an example for us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **witnesses** - those Old Testament believers who watch the "race" -* **everything that weighs us down** - Attitudes or habits that keep us from trusting and obeying God are like heavy clothes or loads that would make it difficult to run. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **entangles** - "makes running difficult" or "makes obeying God difficult" -* **fix...eyes on** - "look straight at" or "think only about" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **author and perfecter** - AT: "creator and finisher" -* **weary** - like someone who has run for a long time -* **fainthearted** - like someone who no longer wants to keep running +The words "we" and "us" refer to the author and his readers. The word "you" is plural and here refers to the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# we are surrounded by such a large cloud of witnesses + +The writer speaks about the Old Testament believers as if they were a cloud that surrounded the present-day believers. This can be stated in active form. AT: "such a large cloud of witnesses surrounds us" or "there are so many examples of faithful people about whom we learn in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# witnesses + +Here "witnesses" refers to the Old Testament believers in chapter 11 who lived before the race of faith that believers now run. + +# let us lay aside every weight and easily entangling sin + +Here "weight" and "easily entangling sin" are spoken of as if a person could take them off himself and put them down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every weight + +Attitudes or habits that keep believers from trusting and obeying God are spoken of as if they were loads that would make it difficult for a person to carry while running. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# easily entangling sin + +Sin is spoken of as if it were a net or something else that can trip people up and make them fall. AT: "sin that makes obeying God difficult" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us patiently run the race that is placed before us + +Following Jesus is spoken of as if it were running a race. AT: "Let us continue obeying what God has commanded us, just like a runner keeps going until the race is over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the founder and perfecter of the faith + +Jesus gives us faith and makes our faith perfect by causing us to reach our goal. AT: "creator and finisher of our faith" or "the one who enables us to have faith from beginning to end" + +# For the joy that was placed before him + +The joy that Jesus would experience is spoken of as if God the Father had placed it before him as a goal to reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# despised its shame + +This means he was not concerned about the shame of dying on a cross. + +# sat down at the right hand + +Here "right hand" refers to a place of honor. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "he sat down in the place of honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of the throne of God + +Here "throne" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "of God who is king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# weary in your hearts + +Here "hearts" represents a person's thoughts and emotions. AT: "discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/04.md b/heb/12/04.md index caf6d50c21..56915a7419 100644 --- a/heb/12/04.md +++ b/heb/12/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The author of Hebrews has been comparing the Christian life to a race. -## translationNotes +# You have not yet resisted or struggled against sin -* The author of Hebrews has been comparing the Christian life to a race. -* **not yet resisted or struggled against sin to the point of losing blood** - This emphasizes that others have suffered far more than the readers have. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **resisted...to...blood** - "resisted...to...death." The person does what is right even if he is killed because of it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the encouragement that instructs you** - the writings of Solomon in the Old Testament, which help a person understand how to be encouraged during times of discipline by the Lord (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **do not lightly regard the discipline** - This emphasizes that the readers are to take the discipline seriously. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **the discipline of the Lord** - "when the Lord disciplines you" -* **lose heart** - AT: "become discouraged" +Here "sin" is spoken of as if it were a person whom someone fights in a battle. AT: "You have not yet had to endure attacks of sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to the point of blood + +Resisting opposition so much that one dies for it is spoken of as if one reached a certain place where he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of blood + +Here "blood" refers to death. AT: "of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the encouragement that instructs you + +Old Testament scripture is spoken of as if it were a person who could encourage others. AT: "what God has instructed you in the scriptures to encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# as sons ... My son ... every son + +These refer to everyone who belongs to God whether male or female. AT: "as children ... My child ... every child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# My son ... corrected by him + +Here the author is quoting from the book of Proverbs in the Old Testament. + +# do not think lightly of the Lord's discipline, nor grow weary + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "take it very seriously when the Lord disciplines you, and do not grow weary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# nor grow weary + +"and do not become discouraged" + +# you are corrected by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he corrects you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every son whom he receives + +"everyone whom he accepts as his child" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/07.md b/heb/12/07.md index 48f51e7ecd..b92de99f33 100644 --- a/heb/12/07.md +++ b/heb/12/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Endure suffering as discipline -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:trial]] +"Understand that during suffering God teaches us discipline" -## translationNotes +# God deals with you as with sons -* **Endure trials as discipline** - think of hard times as though they were times of discipline. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **what son is there whom his father does not discipline?** - AT: "every father disciplines his children" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **illegitimate children** - children born to a man and woman who are not married to each other +This compares God disciplining his people to a father disciplining his sons. You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "God deals with you the same way a father deals with his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# sons ... son + +All occurrences of these words may be stated to include males and females. AT: "children ... child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# what son is there whom his father does not discipline? + +The author makes the point throught this question that every good father disciplines his children. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "every father disciplines his children!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But if you are without discipline, which all people share in + +You can restate the abstract noun "discipline" as the verb "disciplining." AT: "So if you have not experienced God disciplining you like he disciplines all his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# then you are illegitimate and not his sons + +Those whom God does not discipline are spoken of as if they are sons born to a man and a woman who are not married each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/09.md b/heb/12/09.md index cf31a0bf33..4cc57dfe18 100644 --- a/heb/12/09.md +++ b/heb/12/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# How much more should we submit to the Father of spirits and live! -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +The author uses an exclamation to emphasize that we should obey God the Father. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Therefore even more so, we should obey the Father of spirits and live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# the Father of spirits -* **the Father of spirits** - God, who has created and given us our spirits and also created all other spirits (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **fruit of righteousness** - Righteousness grows as a result of discipline like fruit grows on a tree. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **trained by it** - trained by discipline +This idiom contrasts with "fathers in the flesh." AT: "our spiritual Father" or "our Father in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# and live + +"so that we will live" + +# so that we can share in his holiness + +This metaphor speaks of "holiness" as if it were an object that can be shared among people. AT: "so that we may become holy as God is holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# peaceful fruit + +Here "fruit" is a metaphor and is spoken of as if it were a person who was at peace and who brought peace to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# fruit of righteousness + +Righteousness, the quality of someone who obeys God, is spoken of as if it were fruit growing on a tree. Here the writer is saying that righteousness increases as a result of discipline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who have been trained by it + +"who have been trained by discipline." The discipline or correction done by the Lord is spoken of as if it were the Lord himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has trained by disciplining them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/12.md b/heb/12/12.md index 44b7f5fa1a..7b17b7fa85 100644 --- a/heb/12/12.md +++ b/heb/12/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# strengthen your hands that hang down and your weak knees. Make straight paths for your feet -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] +Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in [Hebrews 12:1](./01.md). It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# straight paths -* The followers of Jesus are like runners in a race ([[:en:bible:notes:heb:12:01]]) who have gotten tired. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lift up your hands that hang down and make your weak knees strong again** - A person who faces challenges in life is like a tired runner whose hands and knees have become weak. AT: "strengthen yourself like a racer strengthens his body when he is determined to finish a race" -* **make straight paths for your feet** - Obeying God is like walking on a smooth straight path. AT: "do what God wants you to do" -* **whoever is lame** - AT: "whoever wants to quit" -* **be led astray** - "follow someone down the wrong path." AT: "will not decide to do things that are easy but do not honor God" -* **rather be healed** - "instead become strong" +Living so as to honor and please God is spoken of as if it were a straight path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what is lame will not be sprained + +In this metaphor of running a race, "lame" represents another person in the race who is hurt and wants to quit. This, in turn, represent the Christians themselves. AT: "whoever is weak and wants to quit will not sprain his ankle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not be sprained + +Someone who stops obeying God is spoken of as if he injured his foot or ankle on a path. This can be stated in active form. AT: "will not sprain his ankle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# rather be healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "instead become strong" or "instead God will heal him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/14.md b/heb/12/14.md index de9892592b..147b4feee1 100644 --- a/heb/12/14.md +++ b/heb/12/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:birthright]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] +The man Esau, who was told about in the writings of Moses, refers to Isaac's first son and Jacob's brother. -## translationNotes +# Pursue peace with everyone -* **also the holiness** - AT: "also pursue the holiness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Be careful...that no one is excluded...that no root of bitterness grows up...that there not be** - The readers are to "be careful" of three things. AT: "Do not let anyone be excluded...Do not let any root of bitterness grow up...Do not let there be" -* **is excluded from God's grace** - AT: "receives God's grace and then lets go of it" -* **root of bitterness** - person who causes others to do evil, like a bitter root put into food (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor ]]) -* **Be careful...as Esau** - AT: "Be careful...as Esau among you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **sought it earnestly with tears** - "asked for it sincerely while crying" +Here the abstract noun "peace" is spoken of as if it were something that a person must chase after and can be translated with an adverb. AT: "Try to live peacefully with everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# also the holiness without which no one will see the Lord + +This can be expressed as a positive encouragement. AT: "also work hard to be holy, because only holy people will see the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# also the holiness + +You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "also pursue the holiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# no one lacks God's grace + +"no one receives God's grace and then lets go of it" or "no one rejects God's grace after first trusting in him" + +# that no root of bitterness grows up to cause trouble, so that many do not become polluted by it + +Hateful or resentful attitudes are spoken of as if they were a plant bitter to the taste. AT: "that no one becomes like a bitter root, which when it grows causes trouble and harms many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he was rejected + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his father, Isaac, refused to bless him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because he found no opportunity for repentance + +The abstract noun "repentance" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because it was not possible for him to repent" or "because it was not possible for him to change his decision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# even though he sought it with tears + +Here "he" refers to Esau. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/18.md b/heb/12/18.md index 9f43b59022..063152e8cb 100644 --- a/heb/12/18.md +++ b/heb/12/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses' time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **you** - the readers -* **they could not bear what was commanded** - Accepting God's command is like accepting a weight to carry. AT: "The Israelites could not accept God's command." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The words "you" and "You" refer to the Hebrew believers to whom the author wrote. The word "they" refers to people of Israel after Moses led them out of Egypt. The first quotation comes from the writings of Moses. God reveals in this passage in Hebrews that Moses said he shook at seeing the mountain. + +# For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched + +The implicit information can be stated explicitly. AT: "For you have not come, as the people of Israel came, to a mountain that can be touched" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that can be touched + +This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch or see. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that a person can touch" or "that people can perceive with their senses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You have not come to a trumpet blast + +"You have not come to a place where there is the loud sound of a trumpet" + +# nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them + +Here "voice" refers to someone speaking. The phrase "be spoken" can be stated in active form. AT: "or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what was commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what God commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it must be stoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must stone it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/22.md b/heb/12/22.md index 4ff4055f3d..b771522227 100644 --- a/heb/12/22.md +++ b/heb/12/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The man Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel. -## translationNotes +# Mount Zion -* **you** - the readers -* **have come to** - "have arrived at" -* **ten thousands of angels** - AT: "an uncountable number of angels" -* **God the Judge...Jesus, the mediator** - Jesus is like a lawyer in a court showing God the judge how his blood has paid for the forgiveness of people's guilt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel's blood** - AT: "the sprinkled blood of Jesus that has a better meaning than the blood of Abel, whom Cain murdered" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The writer speaks of Mount Zion, the temple mount in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tens of thousands of angels + +"an uncountable number of angels" + +# the firstborn + +This speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# registered in heaven + +"whose names are written in heaven." This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose names God has written in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the mediator of a new covenant + +This means Jesus caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in [Hebrews 9:15](../09/13.md). + +# who have been made perfect + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has made perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel's blood + +The blood of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people calling out. AT: "the sprinkled blood of Jesus that says better things than the blood of Abel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# blood + +Here "blood" stands for Jesus' death, as Abel's blood stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/25.md b/heb/12/25.md index dacbca75bc..cf1b87375f 100644 --- a/heb/12/25.md +++ b/heb/12/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Having contrasted the Israelites' experience at Mount Sinai with the believers' experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Having contrasted the Israelites' experience at Mount Sinai with the the believers' experience after Christ died, the writer reminds us that we have the same God who warns us today. -* **shook...shake** - Use the word for what an earthquake does to move the ground and to destroy buildings. -* **you** - the readers (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **if they did not escape** - AT: "if the people of Israel did not escape judgment" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **we** - the writer and the readers (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **the one who warns...he has promised** - "God, who warns...God has promised" +This quotation is from the prophet Haggai in the Old Testament. The word "you" continues to refer to believers. The word "we" continues to refer to the writer and the readers who are believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# you do not refuse the one who is speaking + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you pay attention to the one who is speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# if they did not escape + +The implicit information can be stated explicitly. AT: "if the people of Israel did not escape judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the one who warned them on earth + +Possible meanings are 1) "Moses, who warned them here on earth" or 2) "God, who warned them at Mount Sinai" + +# if we turn away from the one who is warning + +Disobeying God is spoken of as if a person were turning and walking away from him. AT: "if we disobey the one who is warning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his voice shook the earth + +"when God spoke, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake" + +# shook ... shake + +Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/27.md b/heb/12/27.md index fa35301849..5103337bd5 100644 --- a/heb/12/27.md +++ b/heb/12/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Here the quotation from the prophet Haggai is repeated from the previous verse. -## translationNotes +# mean the removal of those things that can be shaken, that is, of the things -* **shaken** - See how you translated "shook" and "shake" in [[:en:bible:notes:heb:12:25]]. -* **let us be grateful** - "let us give thanks" -* **our God is a consuming fire** - God has the power to destroy whatever goes against his purposes like a fire burns things up. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "removal" can be translated with the verb "remove." This can be stated in active form. AT: "mean that God will remove the things that he can shake, that is, the things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shaken + +Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. See how you translated "shook" and "shake" in [Hebrews 12:26](./25.md). + +# that have been created + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God has created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the things that cannot be shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that do not shake" or "the things that cannot shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# receiving a kingdom + +You can add the words "because we are" to make clear the logical connection between this statement and the next statement. AT: "because we are receiving a kingdom" or "because God is making us members of his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# that cannot be shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that does not shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# let us be grateful + +"let us give thanks" + +# with reverence and awe + +The words "reverence" and "awe" share similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of reverence due to God. AT: "with great respect and dread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# our God is a consuming fire + +God is spoken of here as if he were a fire that can burn up anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/intro.md b/heb/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eed61402ba --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Hebrews 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:5-6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Discipline ##### +God disciplines his children in the same way parents discipline or correct their children. This imagery is used because discipline is out of love. Different cultures may have different standards of parental discipline, some of which may be unbiblical. God's discipline is the way he uses different circumstances to correct his children and to bring them to repentance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +Many different figures of speech are used. They are usually more common in poetic writings than in narrative, but the author uses them as a way to teach people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/01.md b/heb/13/01.md index fb0a200aa8..0ff29974d4 100644 --- a/heb/13/01.md +++ b/heb/13/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] +In this closing section, the author gives specific instructions to believers on how they are supposed to live. -## translationNotes +# Let brotherly love continue -* The author is writing to Jewish believers. -* **Let brotherly love continue** - AT: "Consistently show your love for other believers as you would for a member of your family" -* **Do not forget** - AT: "Remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **welcome strangers** - AT: "treat people you do not know as friends" +"Continue to show your love for other believers as you would for a member of your family" + +# Do not forget + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Be sure to remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# hospitality for strangers + +"to welcome and show kindness to strangers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/03.md b/heb/13/03.md index d53d725271..005f79214d 100644 --- a/heb/13/03.md +++ b/heb/13/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# as if you were bound with them -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterer]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as if you were in prison with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# who are mistreated -* **as if you were with them...as if your bodies were being mistreated like theirs** - Both these phrases encourage believers to think about other people's suffering as they would think about their own suffering. AT: "as if you were in prison with them and being mistreated" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **marriage bed** - the sexual relationship between a husband and wife (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom others are mistreating" or "who are suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as if you also were them in the body + +This phrase encourages believers to think about other people's suffering as they would think about their own suffering. AT: "as if you were the one suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let marriage be respected by everyone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Men and women who are married to each other must respect each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let the marriage bed be pure + +This refers to the act of sexual union as if it were only the bed of a married couple. AT: "Let husbands and wives honor their marriage relationship to one another and not sleep with other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/05.md b/heb/13/05.md index f25101a61c..ce19ce119b 100644 --- a/heb/13/05.md +++ b/heb/13/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Let your conduct be free from the love of money -* [[en:tw:bold]] +"Do not love money" -## translationNotes +# Be content -* **Be content with the things you have** - "Enjoy what God has given you" +"Be satisfied" + +# The Lord is my helper ... do to me + +This is a quotation from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will not be afraid. What can a man do to me? + +The author uses a question to emphasize that he does not fear people because God is helping him. Here "man" means any person in general. AT: "I will not fear what any person can do to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/07.md b/heb/13/07.md index e885b57135..501efdf66d 100644 --- a/heb/13/07.md +++ b/heb/13/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the result of their conduct +"the outcome of the way they behave" -## translationNotes +# Imitate their faith -* **the result of their conduct** - Possible meanings: 1) "the way they lived" (see UDB) or 2) "the way they lived and died" or "the way they lived their whole lives" still believing in Jesus. +Here the trust in God and the way of life led by these leaders are spoken of as "their faith." AT: "Trust and obey God in the same way they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is the same yesterday, today, and forever + +Here "yesterday" means all times in the past. AT: "is the same in the past, the present, and in the future forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/09.md b/heb/13/09.md index 0a988b5eec..029fd2fc53 100644 --- a/heb/13/09.md +++ b/heb/13/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This section refers to animal sacrifices made by believers in God in Old Testament times, which covered their sins temporarily until the death of Christ came about. -## translationNotes +# Do not be carried away by various strange teachings -* **various and strange teachings** - "teachings that are many and different and not the good news we told you" -* **it is good that the heart be built up by grace, not by rules about food** - AT: "we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **sacrificed for sins** - "sacrificed so that God would forgive sins" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **outside the camp** - away from where people live +Being persuaded by various teachings is spoken of as if a person were being carried away by a force. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let others persuade you to believe their various strange teachings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# various strange teachings + +"many, different teachings that are not the good news we told you" + +# it is good that the heart should be strengthened by grace, not by foods that do not help those who walk by them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the heart should be strengthened + +Here "the heart" stands for a person's courage, love, and determination. These things are said to be strengthened as if they were a person's heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# foods + +Here "foods" stands for rules about food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who walk by them + +Living is spoken of as if it were walking. AT: "those who live by them" or "those who regulate their lives by them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We have an altar + +Here "altar" stands for "place of worship." It also stands for the animals that the priests in the old covenant sacrificed, from which they took meat for themselves and their families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the blood of the animals killed for sins is brought by the high priest into the holy place + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the high priest brings into the holy place the blood of the animals that the priests killed for sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# while their bodies are burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "while the priests burn the animals' bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# outside the camp + +"away from where the people lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/12.md b/heb/13/12.md index 8d2207d443..dee1304135 100644 --- a/heb/13/12.md +++ b/heb/13/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +There is a comparison here between Jesus' sacrifice and the tabernacle sacrifices of the Old Testament. -## translationNotes +# So -* The comparison between Jesus' sacrifice and Temple sacrifices continues here. -* **Therefore** - "In the same way" (see UDB) or "Because the bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp" ([[:en:bible:notes:heb:13:09]]) -* **Let us therefore go** - "Because Jesus is outside the city gate" -* **outside the camp** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:heb:13:09]]. +"In the same way" or "Because the bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp" ([Hebrews 13:11](./09.md)) + +# outside the city gate + +This stands for "outside the city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let us therefore go to him outside the camp + +Obeying Jesus is spoken of as if a person were leaving the camp to go out where Jesus is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bearing his shame + +Disgrace is spoken of as if it were an object that had to be carried in one's hands or on one's back. AT: "while allowing others to insult us just like people insulted him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# looking for + +"waiting for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/15.md b/heb/13/15.md index fef4738eea..71a40c117f 100644 --- a/heb/13/15.md +++ b/heb/13/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# sacrifices of praise -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:submit]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +Praise is spoken of as if it were a sacrifice of animals or incense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# praise that is the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name -* **praise that is the fruit of our lips** - This expression means that praise if a valuable product that is produced by our lips, just as fruit is a valuable product is produced by plants. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that acknowledge his name** - AT: "which openly declare we trust in Jesus" +Praise is spoken of as if it were fruit, and "lips" are spoken of as if they were trees bearing that fruit. In addition, "lips" represents people praising the Lord. AT: "praise that is an offering from those who acknowledge his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# his name + +A person's name represents that person. AT: "him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let us not forget doing good and helping one another + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Let us always remember to do good and help others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# with such sacrifices + +Doing good and helping others is spoken of as if they were sacrifices on an altar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keep watch over your souls + +The believers' souls, that is, the believers' spiritual well-being, are spoken of as if they were objects or animals that guards could keep watch over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not with groaning + +Here "groaning" stands for sadness or grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/18.md b/heb/13/18.md index 4ec903aea6..d3683821f8 100644 --- a/heb/13/18.md +++ b/heb/13/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +The author closes with a blessing and greetings. -## translationNotes +# Pray for us +Here "us" refers to the author and his companions, but not to the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# we are persuaded that we have a clean conscience + +Here "clean" stands for being free from guilt. AT: "we are certain that we have no guilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that I will be returned to you sooner + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God will quickly remove the things that stop my coming to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/20.md b/heb/13/20.md index e5d94a3440..521c1f0b57 100644 --- a/heb/13/20.md +++ b/heb/13/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers. -## translationNotes +# brought back from the dead ones the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus -* **by the blood of an eternal covenant** - Possible meanings: 1) "God confirmed his eternal covenant with us by the blood" (see UDB) or 2) it was "by the blood of an eternal covenant" that Jesus became "our Lord" or 3) it was "by the blood..." that God "brought back" Jesus "from the dead." -* **equip you...working in us** - the author and the readers (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +"raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life" + +# the great shepherd of the sheep + +Christ in his role of leader and protector of those who believe in him is spoken of as if he were a shepherd of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by the blood of the eternal covenant + +Here "blood" stands for the death of Jesus, which is the basis for the covenant that will last forever between God and all believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# equip you with everything good to do his will + +"give you every good thing you need in order to do his will "make you capable of doing every good thing according to his will" + +# working in us + +The word "us" refers to the author and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# to whom be the glory forever + +"whom all people will praise forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/22.md b/heb/13/22.md index fc5a98faa6..dea4c79848 100644 --- a/heb/13/22.md +++ b/heb/13/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now +This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author gives his final comments to his audience. -## translationNotes +# brothers +This refers to all the believers to whom he is writing whether male or female. AT: "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# bear with the word of encouragement + +"patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you" + +# the word of encouragement + +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "the encouraging message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has been set free + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "is no longer in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/24.md b/heb/13/24.md index fc5a98faa6..f541830937 100644 --- a/heb/13/24.md +++ b/heb/13/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Those from Italy greet you +Possible meanings are 1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy or 2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter. -## translationNotes +# Italy +This is the name of a region at that time. Rome was the then-capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/intro.md b/heb/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9ea37c6bf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Hebrews 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues a series of exhortations to Christians that began in chapter 12. These commands are not always connected to each other, so the translator should not feel obliged to make smooth transitions between subjects. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Welcome angels" ##### +The exact meaning of this phrase is unknown. It is possibly a reference to Abraham entertaining angels (Genesis 18). The Greek word for "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." This would give the phrase the meaning that any stranger may be a messenger or servant of God, so hospitality should be shown to them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/front/intro.md b/heb/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae369910f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +# Introduction to Hebrews # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Hebrews #### + +1. Jesus is superior to God's prophets and angels (1:1-4:13) +1. Jesus is superior to the priests who serve in the temple in Jerusalem (4:14-7:28) +1. Jesus' ministry is superior to the old covenant that God made with his people (8:1-10:39) +1. What faith is like (11:1-40) +1. Encouragement to be faithful to God (12:1-29) +1. Concluding encouragements and greetings (13:1-25) + +#### What is the Book of Hebrews about? #### + +In the Book of Hebrews, the author wanted to show that Jesus fulfilled several Old Testament prophecies. Jesus' role as the perfect High Priest is explained; the author did this in order to encourage the Jewish Christians and to explain that Jesus is better than anything that the old covenant had to offer. Hebrews shows how Jesus completed the law of Moses, so that animal sacrifices would from then on be useless. Jesus was the sacrifice for all sins, once and for all time. He is therefore the one to truly trust for access to God the Father. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Hebrews." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Letter to the Hebrews" or "A Letter to the Jewish Christians." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Hebrews? #### + +No one knows who wrote Hebrews, but scholars have made suggestions such as the apostle Paul, Luke, or Barnabas. The date of writing is also not known, but most believe it was written not more than seventy years after the birth of Christ. Jerusalem was destroyed in A.D. 70, but the writer of this letter talks about Jerusalem as if it had not yet been destroyed. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Can readers understand this book without knowing about the sacrifices and the work of the priests required in the Old Testament? #### + +It would be very difficult for readers to understand this book without understanding these matters. Translators might consider giving some explanations to this effect in notes or in an introduction to this book. + +#### How is the idea of blood used in the Book of Hebrews? #### + +Beginning in [Hebrews 9:7](../09/06.md), the idea of blood is often used as metonymy to stand for the death of any animal that was sacrificed to meet the requirements of God's covenant with Israel. The author also uses blood to stand for the death of Jesus Christ, who became the perfect sacrifice for the entire world's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +Beginning in [Hebrews 9:19](../09/06.md), the author uses the idea of sprinkling as a symaction. It was by sprinkling blood that the priests applied the benefit of the animals' death to the Israelites and to objects that had to be made acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Hebrews ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, Hebrews ULB uses the following principles: +* Sometimes the context mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 6:10; 13:24) +* Sometimes the context mainly implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "set apart," "dedicated to," or "reserved for." (See: 2:11: 9:13; 10:10, 14, 29; 13:12) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Hebrews? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Hebrews: + +* "and you have put him over the works of your hands." (2:7) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions do not have this reading. Some older versions do. +* "those who did not unite in faith with those who obeyed" (4:2). The ULB, UDB, and some other versions have this reading. Other versions read, "those who heard it without joining faith to it." If there are other versions in the region, translators might consider following their reading. +* "Christ came as a high priest of the good things that have come." (9:11) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some other versions have, "Christ came as a high priest of the good things that are to come." If there are other versions in the region, translators might consider following their reading. +* "on those who were prisoners" (10:34). The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read, "of me in my chains." +* "They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword." (11:37) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were tempted. They were killed with the sword." +* "If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned." (12:20) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned or shot with an arrow." + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/01.md b/hos/01/01.md index 0407769b7a..2aa54a1261 100644 --- a/hos/01/01.md +++ b/hos/01/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh that came -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:hosea]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeroboam]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom. AT: "the word that Yahweh God spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Beeri -* **Beeri** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Jeroboam** - Naming these kings of Judah allows the reader to know the years that this book covers. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Uzziah ... Jotham ... Ahaz ... Hezekiah ... Jeroboam ... Joash + +The events in this book happened during the time of these kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# great prostitution + +Here "prostitution" represents the people being unfaithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/03.md b/hos/01/03.md index d247adce9d..b71ba6ec84 100644 --- a/hos/01/03.md +++ b/hos/01/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Gomer ... Diblaim -* [[en:tw:bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:bloodshed|bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:hosea]] -* [[en:tw:hosea|Hosea]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jehu]] -* [[en:tw:jehu|Jehu]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel|Jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Jehu -* **Gomer** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the bow of Israel** - Here "bow" refers to the power of the army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "house" means "family," including Jehu's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel + +This expression refers to kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the bow of Israel + +Here "bow" refers to the power of the army. AT: "the military power of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/06.md b/hos/01/06.md index bea14c3d8e..1768348eae 100644 --- a/hos/01/06.md +++ b/hos/01/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Lo-Ruhamah -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:hosea]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Lo Ruhamah** - This name means "Unloved," "Unpitied," or "No Mercy" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. AT: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/08.md b/hos/01/08.md index 1abc07c15c..d69da5d822 100644 --- a/hos/01/08.md +++ b/hos/01/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Lo-Ruhamah -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:6](./06.md). AT: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Lo-Ammi -* **Lo Ruhamah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:hos:01:06]]. -* **Lo Ammi** - This name means "Not My People." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This name means "not my people." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. AT: "Not My People" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/10.md b/hos/01/10.md index 8c1ed72b27..33e1fedb19 100644 --- a/hos/01/10.md +++ b/hos/01/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel|Jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -## translationNotes +# like the sand of the seashore -* God is speaking to Hosea. -* **like the sand of the seashore** - This emphasizes the great number of Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **which cannot be measured or counted** - AT: "which no one can measure or count" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It will be that where it was said to them** - AT: "Where God said to them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it will be said to them** - AT: "God will say to them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will be gathered together** - AT: "God will gather them together" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **go up from the land** - This refers to the land where the people of Israel were in captivity. -* **the day of Jezreel** - This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. +This emphasizes the great number of Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# which cannot be measured or counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which no one can measure or count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It will be that where it was said to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Where God said to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# where it was said to them + +This expression probably refers to Jezreel, the city where crimes had been committed by kings of Israel, and which was a symbol of God's punishment of them. + +# it will be said to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will say to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be gathered together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will gather them together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# go up from the land + +This expression might refer to the land where the people of Israel were in captivity. + +# the day of Jezreel + +This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/intro.md b/hos/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c71d1793d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Hosea 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:2-11, which are a series of quotations. Hosea 1-2 is a single series forming one narrative. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hosea's marriage ##### +God does not approve of prostitution, but he told Hosea to marry a prostitute so that the message of Israel's unfaithfulness would be shown to the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]]) + +Hosea's marriage to Gomer is a metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. Gomer was a woman who was unfaithful to her husband and broke her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Hosea 1-4 is controlled by a metaphor that Hosea lived out. He was personifying the relationship between Israel and Yahweh. Hosea played the part of Yahweh, and Gomer played the part of Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Hosea intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/01.md b/hos/02/01.md index 0efc6e4fa0..79c4144acc 100644 --- a/hos/02/01.md +++ b/hos/02/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -## translationNotes +# My people! -* God is speaking to Hosea. -* **You have been shown compassion** - AT: "God showed you compassion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **compassion** - "kindness" or "mercy" +This exclamation may be presented as a statement. AT: "You are my people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# You have been shown compassion + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has shown you compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# compassion + +"kindness" or "mercy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/02.md b/hos/02/02.md index f7c09ca064..24f4fb5b3d 100644 --- a/hos/02/02.md +++ b/hos/02/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -## translationNotes +# lawsuit -* God is speaking to Hosea. -* **lawsuit** - a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law -* **your mother** - This refers to Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for she is not my wife** - Yahweh is stating that Israel (she) is no longer acting like a wife to Yahweh. Instead Israel has turned away from following and worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and neither am I her husband** - Yahweh can no longer be in relationship with the nation of Israel as a husband would be to his wife. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and her acts of adultery** - A wife who is adulterous leaves her husband to have a sexual relationship with another man. This shows how Israel was acting with Yahweh. -* **from between her breasts** - This imagery shows that Israel is relying on the idols and not Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will strip her naked and show her nakedness as on the day that she was born** - Israel has turned away from Yahweh, they will no longer have Yahweh's protection around them and his provision for them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will make her like the wilderness** - Yahweh will change Israel to resemble the wilderness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and I will make her die from thirst** - Here "thirst" refers to the need to worship and rely on Yahweh, not idols, or Israel will not be able to survive as a nation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. + +# your mother + +Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for she is not my wife + +Yahweh is stating that Israel, spoken of here as a woman, is no longer acting like a wife to Yahweh. Instead Israel has turned away from following and worshiping him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# neither am I her husband + +Yahweh can no longer be in relationship with the nation of Israel as a husband would be to his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her acts of adultery + +A wife who is adulterous leaves her husband to sleep with another man. This is how Israel was acting toward Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from between her breasts + +This imagery suggests that Israel is relying on the idols and not Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will strip her naked and show her nakedness as on the day that she was born + +Yahweh will no longer protect and provide for Israel because the nation has turned away from him. In Israel, husbands were obliged by law to provide clothes for their wives. Not to do so was a sign that a man was rejecting his wife. The full meaning of this may be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will make her like the wilderness + +Yahweh will change Israel to resemble the wilderness, which is a region that is bare and unproductive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will make her die from thirst + +Here "thirst" refers to the need to worship and rely on Yahweh, not idols, or Israel will not be able to survive as a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/04.md b/hos/02/04.md index 7c6d7fe7a8..b89666e316 100644 --- a/hos/02/04.md +++ b/hos/02/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -## translationNotes +# for they are children of prostitution -* God is speaking to Hosea. -* **for they are children of prostitution** - The Israelites are acting like they do not belong to Yahweh. They are acting like they are children of an idol who is not a real god. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For their mother has been a prostitute** - The idols that Israel has been worshiping are not real gods. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will go after my lovers, for they give me my bread and water, my wool and flax, my oil and drink** - Here "my lovers" refers to Baal and other false gods, whom Israel has chosen to worship instead of Yahweh. The list of things are essential items for the people to live. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The Israelites are acting like they do not belong to Yahweh. Just as their parents did not worship God, Neither do they. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For their mother has been a prostitute + +The previous generation who sought out other gods were considered prostitutes for they were unfaithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will go after my lovers, for they give me my bread and water, my wool and flax, my oil and drink + +Here "my lovers" refers to Baal and other false gods, whom Israel has chosen to worship instead of Yahweh. The list of things are essential items that allow the people to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/06.md b/hos/02/06.md index 0e3f5538eb..b88c257662 100644 --- a/hos/02/06.md +++ b/hos/02/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw: lover]] +Yahweh is talking to Hosea. -## translationNotes +# Therefore I will build up a hedge to block her way with thorns. I will build up a wall against her so she cannot find her way -* God is talking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. -* **Therefore I will build up a hedge to block her way with thorns. I will build up a wall against her so she cannot find her way** - The second sentence further explains the first sentence. It gives the reason why Yahweh is doing this to Israel. This is a picture of what Yahweh will do to Israel when she continues to worship idols. The "hedge of thorns" and the "wall" represent Yahweh and how he prevents the Israelites from totally going their own "way," and instead tries to redirect Israel back to him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Then she will say, "I will return to my first husband, for it was better for me then than it is now"** - Israel will return to Yahweh not because of their love for him, but because they are disappointed by their worship of Baal. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This passage indicates that Yahweh will prevent his people from finding success and prosperity, becuase they continue to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Then she will say, "I will return to my first husband, for it was better for me then than it is now." + +Israel will return to Yahweh not because of their love for him, but because they are disappointed by their worship of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/08.md b/hos/02/08.md index afff82dd29..ae22c69e02 100644 --- a/hos/02/08.md +++ b/hos/02/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -## translationNotes +# I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakedness -* God is speaking to Hosea. -* **I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakedness** - This means that Israel's harvests will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel and they will again be naked. See how you translated "nakedness" in [[:en:bible:notes:hos:02:02]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This probably means that Israel's harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were used to cover her nakedness + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the people used to clothe themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/10.md b/hos/02/10.md index 12408d8d11..1ebfca6a35 100644 --- a/hos/02/10.md +++ b/hos/02/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:feast|feast]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:lover|lover]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon|new moon]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -## translationNotes +# Then I will strip her naked in the sight of her lovers -* God is speaking to Hosea. -* **Then I will strip her naked in the sight of her lovers** - God will treat Israel in a very humiliating way. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:hos:02:02]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **no one will rescue her out of my hand ** - No one will try to help Israel. God's hand here is referring to his protection of the people of Israel. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This means God will humiliate the people of Israel in front of the other nations nearby. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:3](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no one will rescue her out of my hand + +No one will try to help Israel. Here "hand" refers to God's power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/12.md b/hos/02/12.md index b4e3b10106..e219fc5714 100644 --- a/hos/02/12.md +++ b/hos/02/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:feast|feast]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fig|fig]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:lover|lover]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vine|vine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. -## translationNotes +# These are the wages that my lovers gave me -* God is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. -* **These are my wages that my lovers gave me** - payment (wages) that came from her "lovers" - false gods or Baals. These are the words Yahweh is reporting that Israel said. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **make them a forest** - destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow up among them so that only wild animals will be able to get in and reap the harvest. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to payment that Israel received from the false gods or Baals. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "that these were the wages that her lovers had given to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# make them a forest + +Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/14.md b/hos/02/14.md index d1fdde81e3..8b219ecff0 100644 --- a/hos/02/14.md +++ b/hos/02/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# So I am going to win her back -* Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -* **So I am going to win her back** - AT: "I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me" -* **and the Valley of Achor as a door of hope** - Yahweh is waiting for his people to confess their sin of idolatry and follow him. This is Yahweh's hope for his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of Egypt** - Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me" + +# the Valley of Achor as a door of hope + +As Yahweh lead Israel out of Egypt, he will lead Israel to the Valley of Achor so that Israel will hope again in Yahweh. + +# She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of Egypt + +Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She will answer + +Some modern versions understand the Hebrew word to mean "She will sing." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/16.md b/hos/02/16.md index 3e520f3802..0695a5f6c0 100644 --- a/hos/02/16.md +++ b/hos/02/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It will be in that day -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This refers to the day when Israel chooses to worship only Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **It will be in that day ** - This refers to the day when Israel chooses to worship only Yahweh. -* **My husband** - Israel will choose a "husband/wife" relationship with Yahweh, one based on love and worship. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **My Baal** - "Baal" means "master" and also refers to the name of a Canaanite deity. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For I will remove the names of the Baals from her mouth** - Baal and the idols will never be mentioned again by the Israelites if they continue to worship Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:13](./12.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# My husband + +This means the people of Israel will love and be faithful to Yahweh just as a wife is to a husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My Baal + +"Baal" means "master" and also refers to the false god that the Canaanites worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For I will remove the names of the Baals from her mouth + +The Israelites will not speak the names of Baal and the idols again. The people are represented by their mouths. AT: "For I will cause you to not speak the names of the Baals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/18.md b/hos/02/18.md index 1f5d38a8df..2bf7898343 100644 --- a/hos/02/18.md +++ b/hos/02/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. -## translationNotes +# On that day -* God is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. -* **On that day** - This phrase is used to talk about a future judgment and restoration. -* **will I make a covenant for them** - The objects of this covenant are the animal kingdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will drive away the bow, the sword, and the battle from the land, and I will make you lie down in safety** - Yahweh will keep Israel's enemies away from them; there will be no more war; the people will live in safety. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This phrase is used to talk about a future restoration between Israel and Yahweh. + +# I will make a covenant for them + +Yahweh's new covenant will include peace for the animals. + +# I will drive away the bow, the sword, and the battle from the land, and I will make you lie down in safety + +Yahweh will keep Israel's enemies away from them, there will be no more war, the people will be safe. Here "the bow, the sword, and the battle" represent war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lie down in safety + +This expression refers to living in safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/19.md b/hos/02/19.md index 53447bd568..89bf6c43e1 100644 --- a/hos/02/19.md +++ b/hos/02/19.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will promise to be your husband forever -* God is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. -* **I will promise to be your husband forever** - Yahweh will be like the husband, and Israel will be like Yahweh's wife. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will promise to be your husband in faithfulness** - Yahweh will be faithful to his covenant with Israel; because of this, Israel will hopefully remain faithful to Yahweh. -* **And you will know me, Yahweh** - Here "know" means to recognize Yahweh as their God. +Yahweh will be like the husband, and Israel will be like Yahweh's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in righteousness, justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns. AT: "and do what is right, just, faithful, and merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you will know Yahweh + +Here "know" means to acknowledge Yahweh as their God and to be faithful to him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/21.md b/hos/02/21.md index 511c96df2e..4b924fd464 100644 --- a/hos/02/21.md +++ b/hos/02/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel|Jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* God is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. -* **And on that day** - This phrase is used to refer to the future day of judgment and restoration. -* **The earth will answer the grain, the new wine and the oil, and they will answer Jezreel** - This means that Yahweh will respond to the needs of Israel, referred to as Jezreel here, through the provision of grain, wine, and olive oil. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:13](./12.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The earth will answer the grain, the new wine and the oil, and they will answer Jezreel + +The land will meet the need for grain, new wine, and olive oil. These things will also meet the needs of Jezreel. The land and these products are spoken of as if they were people who could meet the needs of others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Jezreel + +Here the name of this valley stands for all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/23.md b/hos/02/23.md index 5a5583e479..6646662501 100644 --- a/hos/02/23.md +++ b/hos/02/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will plant her for myself in the land -* God is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. -* **I will plant her for myself in the land** - AT: "I will take care of the Israelite people as a farmer plants his own land and takes care of his crops" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Lo Ruhamah** - This name means 'not loved,' 'not having obtained mercy,' 'without compassion.' -* **Lo Ammi** - This is the name for those people who are not Yahweh's people. -* **Ammi Attah** - This name means 'my people.' +When God makes his people safe and prosperous in their land again, they are spoken of if they were agricultural crops. AT: "I will take care of the Israelite people as a farmer plants his crops and takes care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lo-Ruhamah + +This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:6](../01/06.md). AT: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Lo-Ammi + +This name means "not my people." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:9](../01/08.md). AT: "Not My People" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ammi Attah + +This name means "you are my people." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. AT: "You Are My People" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/intro.md b/hos/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..641cd8887f --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Hosea 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter which is a series of quotations. Hosea 1-2 is a single series forming one narrative. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Many relationships are used in this chapter that are metaphors for the relationship between Israel and her God. Brother, sister, husband, wife, mother, and children are examples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter creates an abrupt change of address. The prophet is now addressing the children directly in the first few verses, but the whole chapter is written against Gomer as an illustration of Israel as an adulterous people. God uses Gomer as an illustration to teach the people of Israel how they should be faithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/03/01.md b/hos/03/01.md index dcb73a5394..c53e1cb831 100644 --- a/hos/03/01.md +++ b/hos/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Go again, love a woman, loved by her husband, but who is an adulteress -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This refers back to [Hosea 1:2](../01/01.md). Yahweh again tells Hosea to love an adulterous woman. -## translationNotes +# Love her just as I, Yahweh, love the people of Israel -* **Go again, love a woman, loved by her husband, but who is an adulteress.** - This refers back to Hosea 1:2. Hosea was told by Yahweh to again love an adulteress. -* **Love her just as I, Yahweh, love the people of Israel** - By his love for the adulteress, Hosea was to be an example of Yahweh's love for Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they turn to other gods and love raisin cakes** - Raisin cakes were used in the sacrificial feasts of idol worship. -* **fifteen pieces of silver and a homer and a lethek of barley** - the price paid for a slave -* **homer** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **lethek** - half. Indicates another half homer of barley. +By loving the adulterous woman, Hosea will be an example of Yahweh's love for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they turn to other gods and love raisin cakes + +People ate raisin or fig cakes during festivals where they worshiped false gods. + +# fifteen pieces of silver and a homer and a lethek of barley + +This was the price to buy a slave. + +# fifteen pieces + +"15 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a homer and a lethek of barley + +This can be stated in modern units. AT: "330 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/03/04.md b/hos/03/04.md index 931ad38389..c272711c1a 100644 --- a/hos/03/04.md +++ b/hos/03/04.md @@ -1,36 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For the people of Israel will live for many days without a king, prince, sacrifice, stone pillar, ephod or household idols -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:ephod|ephod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:household|household]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Just as Hosea lived without his wife because she committed adultery, Israel will live without a king and without worshiping God, because they committed idolatry. -## translationNotes +# seek Yahweh their God -* **For the people of Israel will live for many days** - This is a word picture showing that just as Hosea had to live for quite a bit of time without his adulterous wife, Israel would live for a lengthy period of time ("many days") without their own king and religious worship. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **David their king** - David is symbolic of the lineage of David; in other words, they would seek a descendant of David as their king (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in the last days** - in the future (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they will come trembling before Yahweh and his goodness - ** - ** AT: "They will come back to Yahweh with an attitude of awe, and will seek his blessings." +Here "seek" means they are asking God to accept them and their worship. + +# David their king + +Here "David" represents all the descendants of David. AT: "a descendant of David to be their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the last days + +"in the future" + +# they will come trembling before Yahweh and his goodness + +Here "trembling" represents feelings of awe and humility. AT: "they will come back to Yahweh and will humble themselves, honor him, and ask for his blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/03/intro.md b/hos/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa6ca232cc --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Hosea 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter focuses on the meaning of the illustration of Hosea's marriage. It is a very short chapter written in prose to show the truth of Israel's relationship with Yahweh. After bearing a number of children for Hosea, Gomer leaves him and prostitutes herself with other men, showing little to no regard for their marriage covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +This chapter contains a continuation of the metaphor played out in chapter 2. Hosea is told to go and buy his wife out of slavery. Gomer must have been captured and held as a slave due to her adulterous activity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/01.md b/hos/04/01.md index 4e86a6f4b4..85a23b6054 100644 --- a/hos/04/01.md +++ b/hos/04/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:bloodshed|bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:bond|bind, bond, bound]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This chapter begins Yahweh's argument against the unfaithful Israelites. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh has a lawsuit against the inhabitants of the land -* This chapter begins Yahweh's presentation of his case against the unfaithful Israelites. -* **The people have broken all bounds** - There is no more respect for the law. -* **bloodshed comes after bloodshed** - (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh stating that the people of Israel have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lawsuit + +This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). + +# The people have broken all bounds + +Here "bounds" stands for the limits of what the law allows. AT: "The people have disobeyed the law in every possible way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bloodshed comes after bloodshed + +Here "bloodshed" stands for "murder" which often involves making the victim bleed. AT: "you commit one murder after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/03.md b/hos/04/03.md index 39b554fbd6..351d99b42b 100644 --- a/hos/04/03.md +++ b/hos/04/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So the land is drying up -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beast|beast]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +This expression refers to drought, when no rain falls for a long time. -## translationNotes +# wasting away -* **So the land is drying up** - This is the result of the sins of the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **wasting away** - Become weaker and probably die because of lack of food or illness. -* **even the fish in the sea are taken away** - The fish are dying. +becoming weak and dying because of sickness or lack of food + +# are being taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "are dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/04.md b/hos/04/04.md index e584c78ff8..54737ae796 100644 --- a/hos/04/04.md +++ b/hos/04/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:accuse|accuse, accusation, accuser]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:stumble|stumble]] +Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# lawsuit -* Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -* **lawsuit** - a complaint by one person against another in a court of law -* **do not let anyone accuse anyone else** - because everyone is guilty. (UDB) -* **You priests** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will destroy your mother** - In this verse, "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. (See: __2:2)__ and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law + +# do not let anyone accuse anyone else + +No one should accuse another person of anything because everyone is guilty of something. + +# You priests will stumble + +Here "stumble" means to disobey God or even to stop trusting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will destroy your mother + +Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/06.md b/hos/04/06.md index 6cad3f647b..28e2a6298a 100644 --- a/hos/04/06.md +++ b/hos/04/06.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UDB, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7. -## translationNotes +# My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge -* In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UDB, which pictures Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7. -* **My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge** - Yahweh is saying that the destruction of Israel is happening because the priests and prophets (the spiritual leaders of Israel) were not teaching the people about Yahweh and his commands. -* **are being destroyed** - AT: "are being ruined" -* **you priests have rejected knowledge** - The "you" here is emphatic. AT: "Because you yourself have rejected knowledge" -* **multiplied** - "became more numerous" -* **I will change their honor into shame** - Priests were honored in Israel; now, because of their poor examples and great sin, the priests would be rejected by Yahweh and face great shame. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# knowledge + +Here "knowledge" refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They exchanged their honor for shame + +Possible meanings are 1) "honor" is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and "shame" is a metonym that represents idols. AT: "They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols" or 2) some Bible versions translate this as "I will exchange their honor for shame." This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/08.md b/hos/04/08.md index b69d11f1c0..d204d072fc 100644 --- a/hos/04/08.md +++ b/hos/04/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Yahweh continues speaking about the priests. -## translationNotes +# They feed on the sin of my people -* Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -* **They feed on the sin of my people** - This refers to the fact that the priests were allowed to eat portions of the offerings that the people brought to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they are greedy for more of their wickedness** - The priests wanted the people to sin more. (UDB) -* **It will be the same for the people as for the priests** - AT: "The people and the priests will be punished in the same way" -* **their practices** - Their habits, their conduct. +When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are greedy for more of their wickedness + +The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It will be the same for the people as for the priests + +"The people and the priests will be punished in the same way" + +# their practices + +"their habits" or "their conduct" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/10.md b/hos/04/10.md index f986e639fb..788eb16046 100644 --- a/hos/04/10.md +++ b/hos/04/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# but not increase -* Yahweh is talking about Israel. -* **They will eat but not have enough** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but not increase ** - "will not conceive and bear children" -* **they have gone far away** - the people have stopped worshipping and following God. +"but not have children" + +# they have gone far away + +The people have stopped worshiping and following God. + +# from Yahweh + +Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. AT: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/11.md b/hos/04/11.md index 46ff273890..0dfd5bc5af 100644 --- a/hos/04/11.md +++ b/hos/04/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# sexual promiscuity, wine, and new wine, which have taken away their understanding -* Yahweh is talking about Israel. -* **have taken away their understanding** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **their walking sticks give them prophecies** - idol worshipers used the staff (or walking stick) to foretell the future (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **spirit of promiscuity has misled them** - worshiping the idols and having sex with the temple prostitutes has caused Israel to sin greatly against Yahweh (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The people of Israel are pursuing sex outside of marriage and drinking too much wine. In doing these activities they have forgotten Yahweh's commands. These actions are spoken of here as if they were someone who could prevent other people from understanding the importance of obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# their walking sticks give them prophecies + +Idol worshipers used walking sticks to help them predict the future. The walking sticks are spoken of here as if they were people who spoke prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a mind of promiscuity has misled them + +Worshiping the idols and sleeping with the temple prostitutes has developed in the people of Israel the desire to always sin against Yahweh in these ways. Here "mind" is spoken of as if it were a separate person who was able to convince the people to disobey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# has misled + +has convinced the people to sin (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/13.md b/hos/04/13.md index 3651e68414..1a1b129327 100644 --- a/hos/04/13.md +++ b/hos/04/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:oak|oak]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# on the tops of the mountains ... on the hills -* Yahweh is talking about Israel. -* **So this people who do not understand will come to ruin.** - The nation of Israel will be destroyed ("come to ruin") because they do not realize (understand) how wicked their actions are and how far they have turned away from Yahweh. +It was common for the people to set up idols in these places, often called "high places" in the Old Testament. + +# sacred prostitutes + +These were women who had sexual relations with men who came to worship certain idols. This was viewed as a sacred action in honor of the false gods. + +# So this people who does not understand will be thrown down + +Yahweh will destroy the nation of Israel because they do not understand or obey God's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/15.md b/hos/04/15.md index a8d4e834f9..ce082a67c2 100644 --- a/hos/04/15.md +++ b/hos/04/15.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal|Gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:heifer]] -* [[en:tw:heifer|heifer]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -## translationNotes +# may Judah not become guilty -* Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -* **may Judah not become guilty** - God is recognizing how sinful Israel has become and doesn't want Judah to do the same thing. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Do not go to Gilgal, you people; do not go up to Beth Aven. ** - The people of Judah are being warned not to go to Gilgal or Beth Aven to worship idols in those two places. Gilgal was once a holy place, but now it had become a place of idol worship. -* **like a stubborn heifer** - Israel is compared to a young cow that kicks and has to be tied up, rather than be let free to graze in the pasture. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **How can Yahweh bring them to pasture like lambs in a meadow?** - When Yahweh allows Israel to be free, they turn to the worship of idols. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +God knows how sinful Israel has become and does not want Judah to do the same thing. + +# Do not go to Gilgal, you people; do not go up to Beth Aven + +The people of Judah are being warned not to go to the cities of Gilgal or Beth Aven to worship idols in those places. Gilgal was once a place where Yahweh had been worshiped, but it had become a place of idol worship. + +# Beth Aven + +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# like a stubborn heifer + +Israel is compared to a young cow that will not obey its master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# How can Yahweh bring them to pasture like lambs in a meadow? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he cannot continue to take care of the people because they are stubborn. Yahweh no longer taking care of his people is spoken of as if he were a shepherd that could not take his lambs into the field to eat because they are stubborn. AT: "Yahweh will not shepherd a rebellious people." or "Therefore Yahweh will not continue to take care of them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is speaking of himself in the third person. It can be stated in the first person. AT: "How can I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/17.md b/hos/04/17.md index ed4eba8378..0f833a6258 100644 --- a/hos/04/17.md +++ b/hos/04/17.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink|strong drink]] +Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# Ephraim united himself with idols; leave him alone -* Yahweh is talking about Israel. -* **Ephraim united himself with idols; leave him alone** - Ephraim, another name for Israel, has made the choice to worship idols, instead of Yahweh. Ephraim will therefore have to take the consequences of his actions ("leave him alone" to see what will happen). -* **her rulers dearly love their shame** - This means that Israel's rulers are NOT ashamed of what they are doing when they worship idols and turn against Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **The wind will wrap her up in its wings** - The "wind" is symbolic of God's judgment and wrath against the nation of Israel. Yahweh will literally allow Israel to be captured and taken into exile. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel, which is a metonym for the people who live there. They chose to worship idols, instead of Yahweh. Yahweh is commanding Hosea to not try to correct them. The people of Israel will not listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# her rulers dearly love their shame + +The rulers are not ashamed of what they are doing when they worship idols and turn against Yahweh. + +# The wind will wrap her up in its wings + +Here "wind" represents God's judgment and anger against the nation of Israel. Yahweh will allow the enemy army to defeat the people of Israel and take them as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/intro.md b/hos/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b2d3237323 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Hosea 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The author stops using the metaphor of a husband/wife relationship and begins using a new illustration using lawsuits. God is suing the people of Israel because of all the wrong they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Lawsuits ##### + +Lawsuits are special cases where people go to court when they have a legal issue to resolve between them. Normally, one party is accusing another party of having done wrong. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metonymy ##### +Metonymy is used in the first few verses of this chapter. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or idea is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. Bloodshed is associated with murder. Stumbling represents sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/01.md b/hos/05/01.md index cca265f526..9a3e7f3bb4 100644 --- a/hos/05/01.md +++ b/hos/05/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:discipline|discipline]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah|Mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] +Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# You have been a snare at Mizpah and a net spread over Tabor -* Yahweh is talking about Israel. -* **You have been a snare at Mizpah and a net spread over Tabor.** - A snare and a net are both objects used to catch prey. In this case, the priests and the royal household had devised ways to keep the people away from Yahweh, while enticing them into idolatry. Mizpah and Tabor were places for idol worship in the land of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The rebels stand deep in slaughter** - The rebels refer to all of those who had turned away from following Yahweh. "Deep in slaughter" could refer to the slaughtering of sacrifices to the pagan idols. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +A snare and a net are both objects used to catch prey. In this case, the priests and the royal household had devised ways to keep the people away from Yahweh, while enticing them into idolatry. Mizpah and Tabor were places for idol worship in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The rebels stand deep in slaughter + +Here "rebels" refers to all of those people who had turned away from Yahweh, and "deep in slaughter" could refer to the murder of innocent people, or to the slaughter of animals offered to pagan idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The rebels + +The translator can represent this as "You rebels," because God is really talking to the rebellious people of Israel. + +# in slaughter + +Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as standing for wickedness. + +# I will punish all of them + +The translator can represent this as "I will punish all of you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/03.md b/hos/05/03.md index 5c3f8a73fc..ec78f4cf28 100644 --- a/hos/05/03.md +++ b/hos/05/03.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from me -* Yahweh is talking about Israel. -* **I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from me. ** - Yahweh knows that Ephraim (Israel) is idolatrous. There is no way that they can worship idols without Yahweh knowing what they are doing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Ephraim, now you have become like a prostitute** - Ephraim are being compared to a prostitute since she is so unfaithful to God (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **for the spirit of adultery is in them** - the people of Israel are so inbred with their idolatrous practices they are not like the people of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and they do not know me, Yahweh** - Israel no longer listens to or follows Yahweh in any way. They do not acknowledge him as their God. +Here, "Ephraim" and "Israel" both refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel, and represent the people who live there. Here God says that he knows what they are like and what they are doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Ephraim, now you have become like a prostitute + +Ephraim is presented in terms of a prostitute because the people have become unfaithful to God, as a prostitute is faithful to no man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# for the mind of adultery is in them + +This means they have the desire to be unfaithful to God. They want to worship idols. + +# to turn to God ... they do not know Yahweh + +The translator can represent this as "to turn to me ... they do not know me," or "to turn to me ... they do not know me, Yahweh." + +# they do not know Yahweh + +Israel no longer obeys Yahweh in any way. They do not acknowledge Yahweh as their God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/05.md b/hos/05/05.md index c2be591190..744fd50fc7 100644 --- a/hos/05/05.md +++ b/hos/05/05.md @@ -1,36 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon|new moon]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:stumble|stumble]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testimony, testify]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# The pride of Israel testifies against him -* Yahweh is talking about Israel. -* **The pride of Israel testifies against him** - This means that the people of Israel have become proud. They do not feel the need to rely on Yahweh for anything. Their actions show their pride and arrogance ("their actions testify against them"). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with them ** - All of the nation of Israel (both northern and southern kingdoms) will fall away from Yahweh ("stumble spiritually") because of their sin of idol worship. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate children** - Israel left Yahweh and worshiped idols. In their spiritual adultery, spiritual children were born who did not worship Yahweh. -* **Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fields** - (UDB) This means that Yahweh's judgment will come upon them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. Their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with them + +The two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate children + +Possible meanings are 1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from other nations and having children with them or 2) this means the Israelite parents were unfaithful to Yahweh and they were teaching their children to worship idols. + +# Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fields + +The people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/08.md b/hos/05/08.md index 6a9079fd68..993884a258 100644 --- a/hos/05/08.md +++ b/hos/05/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael|twelve tribes of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:desolate|desolate, desolation]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah|Ramah]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] +Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# Blow the horn in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah -* **Blow the horn in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah. ** - Gibeah and Ramah were two cities in Israel close to Israel's southern border. This command is given to both Gibeah and Ramah in order to emphasize that the enemy is approaching. Gibeah, Ramah, and Bethel (which is called Beth Aven), are all located in Benjamin, north of Jerusalem. -* **Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: 'We will follow you, Benjamin!' ** - Beth Aven was on the border between Israel (the northern kingdom) and the tribe of Benjamin (part of the southern kingdom). This could have been a warning to Benjamin or a request for help from Benjamin. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen.** - AT: "I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared." +Here "horn" and "trumpet" mean the same thing. This command is given to the people of Gibeah and Ramah to emphasize that the enemy is coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: 'We will follow you, Benjamin!' + +Here "Benjamin" represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. But modern versions make various attempts to interpret this expression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Beth Aven + +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen + +"I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/10.md b/hos/05/10.md index 95623226b4..ed1fdcc3ef 100644 --- a/hos/05/10.md +++ b/hos/05/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -## translationNotes +# The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone -* Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -* **The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone.** - Moving a boundary stone meant moving the landmark that marked the border of some property (which was a crime under Israelite law). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I will pour my wrath on them like water.** - Yahweh's wrath against Judah will be like a very large stream of water that destroys them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Ephraim is crushed; he is crushed in judgment** - This statement is made twice for emphasis: Ephraim's punishment will be very harsh; Ephraim's judgment for following idols will be severe. The second statement emphasizes the severity of the judgment. +To "move a boundary stone" refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will pour my wrath on them like water + +Yahweh's wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Ephraim is crushed; he is crushed in judgment + +This can be stated in active form. This statement is made twice for emphasis. Here "Ephraim" refers to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "I will punish the people of Israel severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# walked after idols + +Here "walked" represents the idea of worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# idols + +The Hebrew word translated here as "idols" is uncertain in its meaning, and is translated by modern versions in many different ways. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/12.md b/hos/05/12.md index 2ce0c030fe..542b990888 100644 --- a/hos/05/12.md +++ b/hos/05/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] +Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will be like a moth to Ephraim, and like rot to the house of Judah -* Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -* **I will be like a moth to Ephraim, and like rot to the house of Judah** - A moth on a piece of wool and rot in a piece of wood are both destructive. Yahweh will destroy both nations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound** - Both Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah (the southern kingdom of Israel) realized that they in danger. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **then Ephraim went to Assyria, and Judah sent messengers to the great king** - Neither kingdom asked Yahweh for help. -* **But he was not able to cure you people or heal your wound** - Yahweh was in control, and Yahweh was going to bring judgment on the people of both Ephraim and Judah because they had turned to the worship of idols instead of the worship of Yahweh. +A moth on a piece of wool and rot in a piece of wood are both destructive. Yahweh will destroy both nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# moth ... rot + +These two terms are translated in various ways because the meaning of the Hebrew word is either very broad or it is uncertain. + +# When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound + +Both Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah (the southern kingdom of Israel) realized that they were in danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# then Ephraim went to Assyria, and Judah sent messengers to the great king + +Ephraim and Judah asked Assyria for help instead of asking Yahweh for help. "Great king" was a title for the king of Assyria. + +# But he was not able + +Here "he" refers to the king of Assyria. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/14.md b/hos/05/14.md index 6585371548..c9249461a5 100644 --- a/hos/05/14.md +++ b/hos/05/14.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:acknowledge|acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] +Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -## translationNotes +# So I will be like a lion to Ephraim -* Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -* **For I will be like a lion to Ephraim** - Yahweh is going to pursue and attack Ephraim like a predator. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and like a young lion to the house of Judah** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I, even I,** - Yahweh is emphasizing that he is the one that is bringing judgment on all his people (Ephraim and Judah). -* **will tear** - As a lion tears its prey apart, so Yahweh will tear his people away from their homes and country. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will go and return to my place** - Yahweh will leave his rebellious people. -* **and seek my face** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh is going to pursue and attack Ephraim like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a young lion to the house of Judah + +Yahweh is going to treat Judah in a similar way. Yahweh is showing his displeasure with both the northern and the southern kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I, even I + +Yahweh is emphasizing that he is the one that is bringing judgment on all of his people. + +# will tear + +As a lion tears apart the animal it is eating, so Yahweh will tear his people away from their homes and country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will go and return to my place + +Yahweh will leave his rebellious people. + +# seek my face + +Try to come into God's presence by means of worship and sacrifice. AT: "ask me to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/intro.md b/hos/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b23721bf2a --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Hosea 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues using the poetic form exclusively. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +The author uses Ephraim and Israel interchangeably. They both refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Judah is also mentioned and refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. Benjamin is part of the southern kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +This chapter is full of metaphors and similes. The writer uses these figures of speech to show how Yahweh will treat his people for not obeying his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/01.md b/hos/06/01.md index f2b472ca86..7592a0408a 100644 --- a/hos/06/01.md +++ b/hos/06/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The people of Israel confess their need to repent. -## translationNotes +# he has torn us to pieces ... he has injured us -* The people of Israel confess their need to repent. -* **For he has torn us to pieces ** - God has disciplined the people of Israel for their disobedience and idolatry. This is a parallelism to emphasize God's judgment, (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **but he will heal us ** - Israel believes that God will be merciful to them when they repent, and he will deliver them out of their troubles. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **After two days he will revive us; he will raise us up on the third day ** - This represents a short period of time. Israel believed God would quickly come to their aid and deliver them from their enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Let us know Yahweh ** - This is an encouragement to be enthusiatic about knowing Yahweh. Knowing him will help the Israelites avoid sin and punishment for it. -* **His going out is as sure as the dawn** - Yahweh will come to the help of his people just as surely as the sun rises each morning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +God has punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he will heal us ... he will bandage our wounds + +Israel believes that God will be merciful to them when they repent and he will deliver them from their troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# After two days he will revive us; he will raise us up on the third day + +This represents a short period of time. Israel believes God will quickly come to rescue them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# two days ... third day + +"2 days ... 3rd day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Let us know Yahweh + +Here "know" means not only to learn God's character and laws, but also to become faithful to him. + +# His coming out is as sure as the dawn + +Yahweh will come to help his people just as surely as the sun rises each morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/04.md b/hos/06/04.md index 588f02b1eb..94aa3ef24e 100644 --- a/hos/06/04.md +++ b/hos/06/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# what will I do with you? -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **Your decrees** - "Your commands." "Your" refers to Yahweh. +God is expressing that his patience is coming to an end and what remains is judgment. AT: "it is hard to know what to do with you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# So I have cut them to pieces by the prophets + +Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation. The destruction, here called "cutting to pieces," is as sure as the condemnation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your decrees are like the light that shines out + +Here the prophet Hosea is speaking to God. He may mean that when God gives the command for someone to die as punishment, it is like a bolt of lightning that strikes. Or he may mean that God's commandments allow people to know the truth, just as light makes objects visible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Your decrees + +"Yahweh's commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/06.md b/hos/06/06.md index f7d5b322b5..138b836719 100644 --- a/hos/06/06.md +++ b/hos/06/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# For I desire faithfulness and not sacrifice -* There are no new notes for these verses. +This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of "more than," as the next line shows ("and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings"). AT: "For I desire faithfulness more than sacrifice" + +# Like Adam + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Adam, the first man or 2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. AT: "Like the people in the city of Adam" or 3) this refers to people in general. The word "Adam" means "man" or "humankind." AT: "Like all of humankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/08.md b/hos/06/08.md index 28da7e2fa7..10180219d6 100644 --- a/hos/06/08.md +++ b/hos/06/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:criminal]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Gilead is a city ... with footprints of blood -* Yahweh is speaking. +"Footprints of blood" probably represents the evildoers and their acts of murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the priests band together to commit murder on the way to Shechem + +We do not know what this refers to. Were priests actually guilty of attacking people on their way to Shechem, which was an important religious and political center? Or is the prophet saying that the priests have "killed" true knowledge and worship of Yahweh? It is best to translate this expression as plainly as possible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/10.md b/hos/06/10.md index b8e303bb0b..4c533f4192 100644 --- a/hos/06/10.md +++ b/hos/06/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Ephraim's prostitution -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **Ephraim's prostitution** - Ephraim's worship of false gods (see:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **For you also, Judah, a harvest has been appointed** - "I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "prostitution" refers to Ephraim's worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Israel has become unclean + +Israel has become unacceptable to God because of her actions. + +# For you also, Judah, a harvest has been appointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# harvest + +Here "harvest" represents God's final judgment on Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fortunes + +prosperity and security \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/intro.md b/hos/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6df0e106ab --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Hosea 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues using the poetic form to show how Yahweh will still show mercy to his wayward people, the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. Gilead is an area in the northern kingdom of Israel where several of the tribes lived. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Change in speaker ##### +There is a change in person from 6:1-3 to 6:4-11. In the first passage, the speaker is an anonymous Israelite, but in the rest of the chapter, the speaker is Yahweh. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Throughout the chapter, the author uses the metaphor of prostitution to say that his people have abandoned him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/01.md b/hos/07/01.md index 341fe44d20..9592fc9c72 100644 --- a/hos/07/01.md +++ b/hos/07/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# I want to heal Israel -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **I want to heal Israel** - This healing is not physical but is spiritual. God wants to repair the relationship between God and Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **for they practice deceit** - The people are selling and buying products dishonestly. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **marauding band** - This is a group of people who are attacking other people at will and without cause. (UDB) -* **they are before my face** - (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Making Israel obedient to God again and receivers of his blessing is spoken of as if it were healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for they practice deceit + +The people are selling and buying products dishonestly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# marauding band + +This is a group of people who are attacking other people without cause. + +# their deeds surround them + +The people's evil deeds are probably spoken of here as if they were other people ready to accuse them of their crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are before my face + +Here God is represented by his "face" which emphasizes his presence and awareness. AT: "and I see it all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/03.md b/hos/07/03.md index 9eee74a641..91510e0520 100644 --- a/hos/07/03.md +++ b/hos/07/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Yahweh is speaking. The Hebrew text is not clear in various places. However, many people interpret it as describing the royal officials as being unfaithful to God, and also as planning to assassinate the king, and then carrying out their plans. This seems to have happened more than once. These crimes are mentioned as illustrations of the wickedness into which the nation has sunk. -## translationNotes +# They are all adulterers -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **They are all adulterers,** - "adulterers" refers to people who are unfaithful to Yahweh and who worship idols (which included acts of sexual immorality). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like an oven heated by the baker ** - This refers to the evil desires burning within the unfaithful people of Yahweh. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **kneading of the dough** - This is a part of the process to prepare bread. -* **He reaches out with his hand to those who mock.** - This means that the king also participates along with the people in the drunken festivities. +The people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like an oven heated by the baker + +This can be stated in active form. This means the people had strong desires to do evil. AT: "like an oven which the baker heats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# kneading of the dough + +This is a part of the process of making bread. + +# On the day of our king + +This is perhaps a festival held by the king. + +# He reached out with his hand + +This probably means to unite or join with someone. It may mean that the king joins with his officials to mock things or people that should not be mocked, even God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/06.md b/hos/07/06.md index 03853c8c53..99f02ab346 100644 --- a/hos/07/06.md +++ b/hos/07/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] +The court officials' plotting is described. Their anger is what motivates them to kill their king. -## translationNotes +# For with hearts like an oven -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **For with hearts like an oven** - Both hearts and ovens store things. AT: "Just as people store up thoughts and judgments" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **smolders ** - Much like a fire our thoughts show signs of continuing anger or hate -* **it burns high like a flaming fire** - It gets very intense. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **They all are hot as an oven** - When an oven burns for long it gets hot. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This means like a fire burns in an oven, these people have strong evil desires within them. The people's desires are represented by their "hearts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their anger smolders + +The word "smolders" means something is burning slowly without a flame. AT: "Their anger grows slowly and quietly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it burns high like a flaming fire + +The intensity of their anger is spoken of as if it was a very hot fire. AT: "it gets very intense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They all are as hot as an oven + +This compares their anger to the heat that comes from an oven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they devour those who rule over them + +This seems to mean that the court officials kill their kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/08.md b/hos/07/08.md index 2708dc998d..bf5f278735 100644 --- a/hos/07/08.md +++ b/hos/07/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Ephraim mixes himself among the peoples -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned over** - This is an idiomatic way of saying that Ephraim is worthless since flat cakes cooked on one side are uneatable. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Gray hairs are sprinkled on him** - Gray hair represents older people. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is probably a reference to the efforts made by the northern kingdom's kings to ally themselves with other nations for protection against attack. + +# Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned over + +This can be stated in active form. Here "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. The nation is weak, as flat bread that has not been doubled over in the oven by the baker for more strength. AT: "The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Gray hairs are sprinkled on him + +Here "gray hairs" represent old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but he does not know it + +However, this "old age" is clearly a way of saying that the northern kingdom is getting weaker and weaker, because the nation does not know it is "old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/10.md b/hos/07/10.md index 6a1373f34a..193b9b6531 100644 --- a/hos/07/10.md +++ b/hos/07/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testimony, testify]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# The pride of Israel testifies against him -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **The pride of Israel testifies against him** - Israel was unduly proud of being the people of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **in spite of all this** - "this" refers to all that Hosea is referring to in the previous chapters. -* **Ephraim is like a dove, gullible and without sense,** - At that time, doves were thought to be gullible animals. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Egypt** - These were other powerful nations that Israel could go to for help. +This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. This means their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# nor have they sought him + +Israel's lack of interest in Yahweh is spoken of as if he was lost and they were not trying to find him. AT: "nor have they tried to get him to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in spite of all this + +Here "this" refers God allowing foreigners to defeat them and make them weak. + +# Ephraim is like a dove, gullible and without sense + +Doves were thought to be foolish birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Egypt ... Assyria + +These were powerful nations that Israel could ask for help. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/12.md b/hos/07/12.md index 344c473b55..613c037748 100644 --- a/hos/07/12.md +++ b/hos/07/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:astray|astray, go astray, led astray, stray]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:devastated|devastate, devastation]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# I will spread my net over them -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **I will spread my net over them** - This is a way to catch birds. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will bring them down like the birds of the sky** - AT: "In the same way I hunt birds I will hunt you". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] +This is a way to catch birds. Yahweh continues to compare the people of Israel to doves. When they go to Egypt or Assyria for help, Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will bring them down like the birds of the sky + +Yahweh speaks of the way he will judge Israel as if they were birds that he would catch in a net. AT: "I will hunt them like birds" or "I will catch them like a hunter catches birds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# in their flocking together + +This expression extends the metaphor of the birds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/14.md b/hos/07/14.md index 285deaa7fd..07be47b9e7 100644 --- a/hos/07/14.md +++ b/hos/07/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# they wail on their beds -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **They cut themselves to obtain grain and new wine ** - This refers to idol worship. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **and they turn away from me** - AT:"They no longer worship me". +It was usual for idol worshipers to eat ceremonial meals while reclining on couches or beds. + +# they turn away from me + +Here no longer worshiping God is spoken of as turning away from him. AT: "they no longer worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Though I trained them and strengthened their arms + +This may be a military metaphor, in which God training the Israelites to love him and obey him is spoken of as if he had been training their men for war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/16.md b/hos/07/16.md index 1e388ab202..97aed37ce1 100644 --- a/hos/07/16.md +++ b/hos/07/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# They are like a slack bow -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **They are like a faulty bow** - AT: "They are like a bow that shoots an arrow in the wrong direction." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the insolence of their tongues** - (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt** - AT: "For this reason, Egypt will laugh at and ridicule Israel." (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# because of the insolence of their tongues + +Here "tongue" refers to what the officials say. AT: "because they insult me" or "because they curse me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt + +The abstract noun "mockery" can be stated as an action. AT: "This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/intro.md b/hos/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5268a8132 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Hosea 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh's anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Baking ##### + +Baking of bread is an extended metaphor in this chapter. Yahweh uses various aspects of this activity to show his displeasure with their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel and Ephraim ##### +This chapter begins by using two different names for the same group of people: Israel and Ephraim. It also mentions Samaria, which was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 7:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/01.md b/hos/08/01.md index 03c6a73d53..86b6e3e9ca 100644 --- a/hos/08/01.md +++ b/hos/08/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:eagle|eagle]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom. -## translationNotes +# An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **Place a trumpet at your lips** - (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **An eagle is coming over the house of me, Yahweh.** - AT: "In the same way that an eagle flies over and captures its prey, your enemies will capture you." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. AT: "As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# broken my covenant + +Here "broken" represents "disobeyed," "violated." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# know you + +"are faithful to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/04.md b/hos/08/04.md index ef00c04a93..d423712023 100644 --- a/hos/08/04.md +++ b/hos/08/04.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# but it was only so they might be cut off -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **but it was only so they might be cut off** - This was the result, not the purpose. AT: "but as a result of making idols, the people will be cut off" -* **they might be cut off** - Possible meanings are 1) "they will perish" or 2) "they will be sent away." This can be expressed with an active verb: I will cut them off" or "I will send them away" -* **He has rejected your calf** - It appears that the Hosea is saying this. This can be made clear as it is in the UDB. Or it can be translated as if God is still speaking. AT: "I have rejected your calf" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **your calf** - It can be made clear that this was an idol. AT "your idol that you made to look like a calf" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **My anger burns against them** - AT: "I am very angry with them" -* **For how long will they stay impure?** - Yahweh uses this question to express his anger about his people being impure. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but the result will be that I will destroy the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your calf has been rejected + +Possible meanings are 1) this is the prophet speaking. AT: "Yahweh has rejected your calf" or 2) Yahweh is speaking. AT: "I myself have rejected your calf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Your calf + +The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of their worship as if it were the calf itself. AT: "Because you worship your calf idol, your worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My anger is burning against these people + +Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. AT: "I am very angry with these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For how long will they stay guilty? + +Yahweh asks this question to express his anger about his people being impure. "I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/06.md b/hos/08/06.md index a67f9186c4..b97e3f5dfd 100644 --- a/hos/08/06.md +++ b/hos/08/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# For the people sow the wind and reap the whirlwind -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **For the people sow the wind and reap the whirlwind** - This is figurative language showing cause and effect of Israel's actions: they have "planted" (or committed) evil actions and as a consequence will "reap" (or experience) the destructive results of Yahweh's wrath. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The standing grain has no heads** - "Head" here refers to the part of the plant where the grain is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +To sow or plant the wind is to act in useless or destructive ways. To reap the whirlwind is to suffer disaster from one's own actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The standing grain has no heads + +Here "head" refers to the part of the plant where the grain is. A stalk with no head has nothing to give to the farmer. In the same way, Israel's actions will result in nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# If it does come to maturity, foreigners will devour it + +If any of Israel's actions do happen to result in something good, Israel's enemies will come and take it from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/08.md b/hos/08/08.md index 1696a60d88..9047009c5d 100644 --- a/hos/08/08.md +++ b/hos/08/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:lover|lover]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:waste|waste, wasteland]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Israel is swallowed up -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **Israel is swallowed up** - The tribes of Israel have been taken captive by their enemies and taken away to other lands. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like a wild donkey all alone** - Israel is compared to a wild donkey, an animal that was known to be headstrong and unruly (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Ephraim has hired lovers for herself** - AT: "The people of Israel have tried to pay other nations to protect them." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"swallowed" means to be defeated and taken into exile. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemies of Israel have taken the Israelites away to other lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# like a wild donkey all alone + +People often think of donkeys as being stubborn. This means the people of Israel refused to listen to Yahweh but instead went to the people of Assyria for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Ephraim has hired lovers for herself + +Ephraim's alliances with other nations are spoken of as if they had paid them to become prostitutes for Ephraim. AT: "The people of Israel have tried to pay other nations to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of the oppression of the king of princes + +That is, because the Assyrian king, also called "the Great King," will make the people suffer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/11.md b/hos/08/11.md index 6e18c9c07f..d831d600c2 100644 --- a/hos/08/11.md +++ b/hos/08/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw: law]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# I could write down my law for them ten thousand times, but they would -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **I could write down my Law for them ten thousand times** - This means that Yahweh has already given Israel his Law and expectations through the prophets many, many times. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Yahweh is describing a hypothetical situation. Here "ten thousand times" is an exaggeration that means no matter how many times he gave the people the law, they would still refuse to obey him. AT: "Even if I wrote down my law for them very many times, they would" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# ten thousand + +"10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/13.md b/hos/08/13.md index cf98da843b..62eaa95bd4 100644 --- a/hos/08/13.md +++ b/hos/08/13.md @@ -1,30 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:maker]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:palace|palace]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# They will return to Egypt -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" or "think about" -* **They will return to Egypt.** - Now, because of their sin, they will go into exile and once again be slaves of a powerful nation. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Because of their sin, God will send his people away as slaves to the Egyptians. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/intro.md b/hos/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..51875a666c --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Hosea 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues to use the poetic form to communicate several other ways the people of Israel have sinned against God. First, Yahweh notes that they have set up a king without consulting him. +Next, they set up or reinstalled the golden calves of Samaria. Last, they were seeking help from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +This chapter contains some references to the "calf of Samaria." This most likely refers to an image that was set up by an earlier king of Israel. He did this in order to discourage his people from going to Jerusalem, which was part of the southern kingdom of Judah. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/01.md b/hos/09/01.md index 82db23aec7..120b545d13 100644 --- a/hos/09/01.md +++ b/hos/09/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:thresh|thresh, threshing floor]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] -* [[en:tw:winepress|winepress]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# But the threshing floor and the winepress will not feed them -* Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. -* **But the threshing floor and the winepress will not feed them** - This means that the harvest would not yield enough grain and grapes (wine) to feed the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This describes the threshing floor and the winepress as if they were humans that can feed someone. This means that the harvest will not provide enough grain for threshing to meet the needs of the people, and that it will not provide the grapes for pressing to make enough wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the threshing floor + +These were wide areas used not only for the threshing of grain, but also for community and religious ceremonies. Temple prostitutes came in order to help the men celebrate the harvest festival to idols. + +# the new wine will fail them + +There will not be enough grape juice to make wine with. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/03.md b/hos/09/03.md index 4a9e55adf7..820765049b 100644 --- a/hos/09/03.md +++ b/hos/09/03.md @@ -1,28 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh's land -* Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. -* **Their sacrifices will be to them like mourners' food** - The sacrifices they present to God will be unacceptable to God. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **For their food will be for them only; it will not be able to come into the house of Yahweh. ** - In exile, the nation will have food to eat, but none of that food will be acceptable to God as a sacrifice. +This expression signals that Yahweh continues to view the land of Israel as his property, not the property of the Israelites. + +# unclean food + +This is food that the Israelites would normally refuse to eat because it would make them unacceptable to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their sacrifices will be to them like mourners' food + +Here "mourners' food" refers to what people would eat while they mourning because they were defiled and not acceptable to God. This means Yahweh will consider the people's sacrifices to be defiled and he will not accept them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# For their food will be for themselves only; it will not come into the house of Yahweh + +The people of Israel will have food to eat, but Yahweh will not accept it as a sacrifice. + +# it will not come into the house of Yahweh + +The unclean food is spoken of as if it were able to go places by itself. Of course, people actually had to take it with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/05.md b/hos/09/05.md index 8e207016b3..a2dd9c66fc 100644 --- a/hos/09/05.md +++ b/hos/09/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:bury|bury, buried]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# What will you do on the day of an appointed festival, on the day of a festival for Yahweh? -* Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. -* **What will you do on the day of an appointed festival, on the day of a festival for Yahweh?** - Hosea uses this question to state that when the feast day of Yahweh comes, the people will not be able to observe it as they would normally have done if they had been in their own land. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For, look, if they escape from destruction, Egypt will gather them, and Memphis will bury them. ** - "Look! If you escape and the Assyrians do not kill you, the army of Egypt will capture you. You will die there, and the people in the city of Memphis will bury you." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Memphis** - Memphis was the capital of Egypt at this time in history. +Hosea uses this question to emphasize that the people will no longer be able to observe their festivals when their enemies defeat them and take them captive. AT: "You will not be able to celebrate the festivals that Yahweh appointed for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the day of an appointed festival ... the day of a festival for Yahweh + +Both of these mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# if they escape + +Here "they" still refers to the people of Israel. You can continue stating this is second person. AT: "if you escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Egypt will gather them, and Memphis will bury them + +Egypt and Memphis refer to the people who live there. AT: "the army of Egypt will capture you. You will die there, and the people in the city of Memphis will bury you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As for their treasures of silver—sharp briers will possess them + +Briers growing in the places where Israelites stored their silver is spoken of as if the briers were human enemies that would take the Israelite's precious possessions for themselves. AT: "Sharp briers will grow where they store their treasures of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sharp briers will possess them, and thorns will fill their tents + +Here "sharp briers" and "thorns" mean the same thing. To have briers and thorns growing represents a land that has become desolate and like a wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their tents + +Here "tents" represents the Israelites' homes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/07.md b/hos/09/07.md index 1c9224112f..df8866fc77 100644 --- a/hos/09/07.md +++ b/hos/09/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are coming -* Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. -* **The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are coming. ** - "retribution" means "deserved punishment" - The prophet Hosea uses these two ways of emphasizing that Israel would soon be judged by Yahweh for their evil deeds. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane ** - Hosea is using two different ways to say similar things to create emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **because of your great iniquity and great hostility** - Hosea is emphasizing how much sin and wrongdoing is being done. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Hosea says these two similar phrases to emphasize that Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane + +These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or 2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane + +Here "prophet" and "inspired man" both mean a person who claims to receive messages from God. It is implied that these people are false prophets and only thought they received messages from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because of your great iniquity and great hostility + +The phrases "great iniquity" and "great hostility" share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/08.md b/hos/09/08.md index 1bda88d064..0cc0daf9ac 100644 --- a/hos/09/08.md +++ b/hos/09/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# The prophet is the watchman for my God over Ephraim -* Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. -* **is the watchman for Ephraim** - A "watchman" watches outside his city to see if danger is coming. AT: "is like a watchman for Ephraim" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Ephraim** - This refers here to Israel -* **but a bird’s snare is on all of his paths** - A "bird's snare" is a trap used to catch a bird. AT: "but a trap is set for him wherever he goes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They have deeply corrupted themselves as in the days of Gibeah** - AT: "They have sinned and become very corrupt as the people of Israel did at Gibeah long ago" -* **call to mind** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:hos:08:13]] +A "watchman" watches outside his city to see if danger is coming. The prophet warning the people when they are sinning and are in danger of having his God punish them is spoken of as if he were a watchman for the city. AT: "The prophet is like a watchman for God over Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The prophet is the watchman for my God over Ephraim + +Some versions translate this passage as "The prophet with my God is the watchman over Ephraim." + +# The prophet is + +This refers to prophets in general that God has appointed. AT: "Prophets are" or "True prophets are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# Ephraim + +Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a bird snare is on all of his paths + +A "bird snare" is a trap used to catch a bird. This means the people of Israel do whatever they can to stop God's prophet. AT: "the people set a trap for him wherever he goes" or "the people do all they can to harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They have deeply corrupted themselves as in the days of Gibeah + +"The people of Israel have sinned and become very corrupt as they did at Gibeah long ago." This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/10.md b/hos/09/10.md index 57bf71707b..0222eeef28 100644 --- a/hos/09/10.md +++ b/hos/09/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit|first fruits]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# When I found Israel -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **it was like finding grapes in the wilderness...Like the first fruit of the season on the fig tree** - God is using parallel expressions to show the initial spiritual state of the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **it was like finding grapes in the wilderness** - God first compares the people of Israel to grapes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Like the first fruit of the season on the fig tree** - And again God compares the nation of Israel to new fresh figs. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **But they went to Baal Peor** - Baal Peor was a mountain in the land of Moab on which Baal was worshiped. +This refers to when Yahweh first started his relationship with the people of Israel by claiming them as his own special people. + +# it was like finding grapes in the wilderness. Like the very first fruit of the season on the fig tree + +Both of these statements emphasize situations that are pleasing to a person. This means Yahweh was very happy when his relationship with the people of Israel started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Baal Peor + +This is the name of a mountain in the land of Moab where the false god Baal was worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/11.md b/hos/09/11.md index ab2f039f3b..f8bfce3b9c 100644 --- a/hos/09/11.md +++ b/hos/09/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# their glory will fly away like a bird -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **their glory will fly away like a bird** - The people of Ephraim, that is, the northern kingdom, will lose everything that makes other nations respect them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The people of Ephraim, or the northern kingdom of Israel, will lose everything that makes other nations respect them. Their glory will quickly disappear, as a bird flies away. AT: "their glory will be like a bird that flies away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# when I turn away from them + +When God stops helping the northern kingdom, it will be as if he physically turned away from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/13.md b/hos/09/13.md index 4605108a83..e681d09894 100644 --- a/hos/09/13.md +++ b/hos/09/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:tyre|Tyre]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:womb|womb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# I have seen Ephraim, just like Tyre, planted in a meadow -* Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. -* **I have seen Ephraim, just like Tyre** - Hosea is comparing Ephraim to Tyre, Israel's enemy, to show how they will end up similar circumstances. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Give them, Yahweh—what will you give them?** - Hosea is saying that he knows how Yahweh should judge Ephraim and asks Yahweh to judge them by reversing the blessing of having and keeping many children. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This speaks of the people being in a safe place as if they were a tree planted in a peaceful meadow. AT: "The nation of Israel was once beautiful and pleasant like the city of Tyre, like a tree that someone plants in a meadow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Ephraim ... Tyre + +Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel. These places refer to the people who live in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but Ephraim will bring out his children + +The word "children" are the people from that nation. AT: "but the people of Israel will bring out their children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Give them, Yahweh—what will you give them? Give them + +Hosea uses a question to emphasize that he wants Yahweh to give the people of Israel what they deserve. AT: "This is what I ask you, Yahweh, to give them: give them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a miscarrying womb + +To "miscarry" means that a pregnancy ends too early and the baby dies. Hosea is asking that all the nation's women be like that. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/15.md b/hos/09/15.md index 4a2abd0557..298e48bad1 100644 --- a/hos/09/15.md +++ b/hos/09/15.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:castout|cast out, drive out]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal|Gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# I will drive them out of my house -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **I will drive them out of my house.** - Yahweh is stating that he will force Israel out of the land that he had given them (the land of Canaan). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Yahweh is stating that he will force Israel out of his land, the land of Canaan. Here "my house" represents Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their officials + +the men who serve the king \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/16.md b/hos/09/16.md index 77f0bf543a..e4904699e1 100644 --- a/hos/09/16.md +++ b/hos/09/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:beloved|beloved]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] +Yahweh is speaking in verse 16. Hosea begins speaking in verse 17. -## translationNotes +# Ephraim is diseased, and their root is dried up; they bear no fruit -* Yahweh is speaking in verse 16. -* Hosea, the prophet, is speaking in verse 17. -* **Ephraim is diseased; and their root is dried up; they bear no fruit. ** - Ephraim is being compared to a vine that does not bear fruit because its roots have dried up. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a diseased tree that does not produce fruit and is ready to be cut down. This is a statement that the people have become weak, and that soon their enemies will come and defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/intro.md b/hos/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..190877d96d --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Hosea 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The chapter is written in poetic form to speak of Yahweh's displeasure with Israel's sins. He is showing the many ways in which they do not honor him. The priests and kings do not understand how they have totally broken their covenant with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exile ##### +Because the covenant has been broken, the people will be exiled into another land. This actually shows the mercy of God toward his people. He did not destroy them; he simply moved them to another place. However, this chapter goes into detail about many parts of their society to show how far they have moved away from truly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Change in speaker ##### +In verse 16, Yahweh is speaking; but in verse 17, Hosea starts speaking. There is a change in pronouns; the use of "my God" must imply that someone other than Yahweh is speaking. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/01.md b/hos/10/01.md index a9d207d323..53777c0f5b 100644 --- a/hos/10/01.md +++ b/hos/10/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Hosea is speaking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# Israel is a luxuriant vine that produces his fruit -* Hosea is speaking about Israel. -* **Israel is a luxuriant vine that produces his fruit** - Israel is compared to a vine that is very fruitful. (See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:hos:09:13]].). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a luxuriant vine** - This vine is producing more fruit than normal. -* **As his land produced more, he improved his sacred pillars** - AT: "With that money they made more stone columns in honor of their idols" (UDB) -* **Their heart is deceitful** - This means that Israel is being dishonest toward Yahweh by their worship of idols. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **now they must bear their guilt** - AT: "but the time has come that they must pay for their sins." (UDB) +Israel is spoken of as a vine that was very fruitful. For a while the people prospered and were strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a luxuriant vine + +This vine produces more fruit than normal. + +# As his fruit increased ... As his land produced more + +Both of these mean as the people prospered and grew stronger and richer. + +# Their heart is deceitful + +The "heart" refers to the whole person, emphasizing their emotions and desires. AT: "They are deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# now they must bear their guilt + +Here "guilt" is a metonym for the punishment that is associated with it. This punishment is spoken of as if it was a heavy load for them to carry. AT: "now is the time that Yahweh will punish them for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/03.md b/hos/10/03.md index 1126964a5d..f0c1a87a47 100644 --- a/hos/10/03.md +++ b/hos/10/03.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Hosea is speaking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# and a king—what could he do for us? -* Hosea is speaking about Israel. -* **And a king—what could he do for us?** - The writer uses this question to imply that even if Israel had a king, it would do them no good because they have turned away from Yahweh (their true king) and worshiped idols. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **They speak empty words** - This means that what they say cannot be trusted. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **So justice springs up** - This means that they will receive their deserved punishment. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field.** - Hosea is comparing their form of justice to poisonous weeds. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* [[:en:bible:notes:hos:10:01]] ]] +The people wills say that their kings could not have helped them. AT: "Even if we had a king now, he could not help us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# They speak empty words + +Here "empty words" refers to lies. AT: "They speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So justice springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field + +What they people called justice in their laws and legal decisions is spoken of as if it were a plant sprouting up. AT: "So their decisions are not just; instead, they are harmful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field + +Their lies and injustice spread throughout their nation and harm everyone like poisonous plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/05.md b/hos/10/05.md index b255e33ea4..e65550cc43 100644 --- a/hos/10/05.md +++ b/hos/10/05.md @@ -1,32 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:splendor|splendor]] +Hosea is speaking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# Beth Aven -* Hosea is speaking about Israel. -* **Beth Aven** - It means 'house of evil'. Hosea is showing them a contrast with Bethel 'house of God'. -* **Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed for following the advice of idols** - This emphasizes that Israel (Ephraim) will face great shame because they have followed idols. +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They will be carried to Assyria + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Assyrians will carry them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed of its idol + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its idol + +Many versions interpret the Hebrew word in this passage as "advice," "plans," or "intentions." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/07.md b/hos/10/07.md index 02728b8a79..fcec4eadf8 100644 --- a/hos/10/07.md +++ b/hos/10/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Samaria's king will be destroyed -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Assyrians will destroy the king of Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# like a chip of wood on the surface of the water -* **like a chip of wood on the surface of the water ** - The king of Samaria is compared to a chip of wood. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **chip** - a small piece that has been broken off of something larger -* **The shrines of wickedness - the sin of Israel - will be destroyed** - the sin of Israel - will be destroyed** - The shrines the Israelites built to their idols were wicked in God's sight. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This means the king of Samaria will be as helpless as a small piece of wood that waves of the water toss back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The high places of wickedness will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Assyrians will destroy Israel's high places, where the people acted very wickedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The people will say to the mountains, "Cover us!" and to the hills, "Fall on us!" + +People do not normally speak to things that cannot think or hear them. Translators may choose to have a different format for this passage if their languages do not allow such speech. AT: "The people will say, 'We wish the mountains would cover us!' and 'We wish the hills would fall on us!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/09.md b/hos/10/09.md index d704b0bb0b..4de24e3645 100644 --- a/hos/10/09.md +++ b/hos/10/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# days of Gibeah -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **days of Gibeah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:hos:09:08]]. -* **Did not war overtake the evildoers in Gibeah?** - The result of the evil done in Gibeah was a war that killed many people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:9](../09/08.md). + +# there you have remained + +This passage probably means that the people of the present time continue to act in the same ways that their ancestors did at Gibeah. AT: "and you think just as they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will not war overtake the sons of wrong in Gibeah? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that those in Gibeah who do wrong will certainly have to endure war. And this speaks of the people having to endure war when their enemies come as if war were a person that would catch up with them. AT: "War will certainly come on those who do wrong in Gibeah." or "Enemies will certainly attack those who do wrong in Gibeah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sons of wrong + +Here "son of" is an idiom that means "having the characteristic of." AT: "those who do wrong" or "the evildoers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/10.md b/hos/10/10.md index 2429aadb1c..65bff1e715 100644 --- a/hos/10/10.md +++ b/hos/10/10.md @@ -1,32 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw: nation]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:bond|bind, bond, bound]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:discipline|discipline]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:heifer]] -* [[en:tw:heifer|heifer]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:thresh|thresh, threshing floor]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] -* [[en:tw:yoke|yoke]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# double iniquity -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **double iniquity** - This refers to the many sins of Ephraim (Israel); it includes their worship of idols and their turning away from Yahweh. -* **Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh** - The nation of Ephraim is compared to a trained heifer - symbolic of God's training of his people, and his kindness to them by not putting them under a heavy yoke. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **so I will put a yoke on her fair neck. I will put a yoke on Ephraim;** - The yoke symbolizes God's punishment. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Judah will plow; Jacob will pull the harrow by himself.** - Jacob and Judah make up the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **harrow** - a term used in connection with plowing - probably branches pulled behind an animal to smooth the land and cover seed. +This refers to the many sins of Israel. + +# Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh + +A heifer loves to thresh because they can walk around freely without a yoke. Yahweh means that he has allowed the people of Israel to be free and have a pleasant life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will put a yoke on her fair neck. I will put a yoke on Ephraim + +Here "yoke" refers to suffering and slavery. Yahweh has been kind to the people of Israel, but the people have been unfaithful to him. So he will punish them and send them away as slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Judah will plow; Jacob will pull the harrow by himself + +Here "Judah" refers to the people of the southern kingdom and "Jacob" is the people of the northern kingdom. This means God will cause difficult times for both kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# harrow + +a tool used to smooth the land and cover the seeds after plowing \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/12.md b/hos/10/12.md index 5930b67b9c..ad7d20978b 100644 --- a/hos/10/12.md +++ b/hos/10/12.md @@ -1,32 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:reap|reap, reaper]] -* [[en:tw:reap|reap, reaper]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:unjust|unjust, unjustly, injustice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Sow righteousness for yourselves, and reap the fruit of covenant faithfulness -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **Sow righteousness for yourselves,** - Using the language of farming, strive for a good relationship with God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and reap the fruit of covenant faithfulness** - The result will be a great relationship with God. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Break up your unplowed ground** - Unplowed ground symbolizes what their lives were like - full of sins. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **You have plowed wickedness** - This is the other side. But in reality you have planted wrongdoing (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **you reaped injustice. You have eaten the fruit of deception** - These two phrase are saying the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Righteousness and covenant faithfulness are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. The abstract nouns "righteousness" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "right" and "faithful." AT: "Plow, now, and do what is right, and you will reap the fruit of faithful love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Break up your unplowed ground + +When the ground is "unplowed" it is not ready to be planted. Yahweh means he wants the people to repent so they can start doing what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have plowed wickedness; you reaped injustice + +Wickedness and injustice are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have eaten the fruit of deception + +The result of deception are spoken of as if they were a food that could be eaten. AT: "You now suffer the consequences of having deceived each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/14.md b/hos/10/14.md index 97d3110ed8..64ee2c438a 100644 --- a/hos/10/14.md +++ b/hos/10/14.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It will be as Shalman destroyed Beth Arbel on a day of battle -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethel|Bethel]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] +The coming war is being compared to a battle long ago. -## translationNotes +# Shalman -* **It will be as Shalman destroyed Beth Arbel on a day of battle** - This is being compared to a battle long ago. -* **Shalman** - A king who destroyed the city of Beth Arbel around 740 BC. His army murdered women and children in the attack. -* **Beth Arbel** - Likely a city of the tribe of Naphtali. -* **So it will happen to you, Bethel, because of your great wickedness** - Bethel means "house of God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) +This is the name of a king who destroyed the city of Beth Arbel around 740 BC. His army murdered women and children in the attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Beth Arbel + +This is likely the name of a city of the tribe of Naphtali. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# So it will happen to you, Bethel, because of your great wickedness + +Here "Bethel" represents the people who live there. The prophet addresses the people of Bethel as if they were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/intro.md b/hos/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1de64d8d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Hosea 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in poetic form and continues the theme of Israel's many sins against Yahweh. Even though Israel prospered for a time as they multiplied their sins, Yahweh was leading them toward destruction. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +Yahweh's relationship to his people was not based on his people's actions. Even though they rebelled, Yahweh still desired to rescue them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Jacob ##### + +The repeated use of different names for the two kingdoms can be confusing. In verse 11, "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel, and "Judah" refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. However, Jacob is also mentioned. This use of "Jacob" makes us think of the earlier unified nation and may also refer to a future unified nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/01.md b/hos/11/01.md index d6be067c78..dab070c582 100644 --- a/hos/11/01.md +++ b/hos/11/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +Yahweh is speaking of caring for Israel like a parent cares for a child. -## translationNotes +# When Israel was a young man -* God is speaking of caring for Israel like a parent for a child. -* **When Israel was a young man** - Yahweh is comparing the nation of Israel to a young man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and I called my son out of Egypt** - Yahweh is again comparing Israel to his son. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The more they were called, the more they turned away** - Yahweh was calling the nation back to himself. +Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel as if they were a young man. Yahweh is referring to when he first started his relationship with the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I called my son out of Egypt + +"son" refers to the people of God the Father. AT: "I led my son out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The more they were called, the more they went away from me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The more I called them to be my people, the more they refused me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/03.md b/hos/11/03.md index c9a62db165..7a03a45777 100644 --- a/hos/11/03.md +++ b/hos/11/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] -* [[en:tw:yoke|yoke]] +Yahweh is speaking about how he cared for Israel. -## translationNotes +# it was I who taught Ephraim to walk -* God is speaking about how he cared for Israel. -* **Yet it was I who taught Ephraim to walk ** - Yahweh is picturing Israel as a little boy who he is teaching to walk. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lifted them up by their arms ** - this means that God was protecting and helping them grow as a nation -* **I led them with cords of humanity, with bands of love** - In two ways Yahweh is showing how he was caring for Ephraim with love. (UDB) (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I was to them like someone who eased the yoke on their jaws** - Yahweh is comparing the nation of Israel to a pair of oxen working hard and he was making their work easier. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh refers to Israel as a small child whom he taught to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lifted them up by their arms + +This expression continues the metaphor. AT: "took care of them" + +# I led them with cords of humanity, with bands of love + +Yahweh loved his people in ways that they as humans could understand and appreciate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I was to them like someone who eased the yoke on their jaws + +Yahweh is speaking of the nation of Israel as a hardworking animal whose work he made easier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I bent down to them and fed them + +This expression continues the metaphor in which Israel is pictured as a young child. It may mean that Yahweh provided for all their physical needs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/05.md b/hos/11/05.md index 9f1db3e65c..77d54bea07 100644 --- a/hos/11/05.md +++ b/hos/11/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:onhigh]] -* [[en:tw:onhigh|on high]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# Will they not return to the land of Egypt? -* God is speaking about Israel. -* **Will they not return to the land of Egypt?** - This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will Assyria not rule over them because they refuse to return to me?** - The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the sword will fall on their cities** - The sword represents the enemies of Israel and they will destroy their cities (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **but no one will help them ** - No one will be allowed to help Israel at this point, because the people have turned away from Yahweh. +This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will Assyria not rule over them because they refuse to return to me? + +The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The sword will fall on their cities + +Here "sword" represents the enemies of Israel who will destroy Israel's cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# destroy the bars of their gates + +Gates offered security to city inhabitants from their enemies, and the bars secured the closed gates. To destroy the bars meant to take away the people's security. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Though they call to the Most High + +Here God is speaking about himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. AT: "Though they call to me, the Most High" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). + +# no one will help them + +Yahweh will not allow anyone to help Israel because they turned away from him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/08.md b/hos/11/08.md index 006524f548..afeca67241 100644 --- a/hos/11/08.md +++ b/hos/11/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:holyone|Holy One]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? -* God is speaking about Israel. -* **How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel?** - Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboiim?** - AT: "I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboiim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **My heart has changed within me** - The "heart" often represents the will/decisions a person makes. So the "heart" here represents the whole person of God. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. AT: "I will not give you up, Ephraim. I will not hand you over, Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim? + +Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. AT: "I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For I am God and not a man + +God is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge. + +# My heart has changed within me + +Here "heart" represents God's will and decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not come in wrath + +The abstract noun "wrath" can be stated as the adjective "angry." AT: "I will not come to you and be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/10.md b/hos/11/10.md index efaa94baa9..b2307982f5 100644 --- a/hos/11/10.md +++ b/hos/11/10.md @@ -1,28 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people. -## translationNotes +# They will follow Yahweh -* The prophet is speaking about Yahweh's restoration for his people -* **They will walk after me, Yahweh** - In the same way, the people will obey Yahweh. AT:"They will live their lives following my commands." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will indeed roar like a lion** - In the same way that a lion roars to protect his pride, Yahweh will protect his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **They will come trembling like a bird from Egypt** - This shows how the people are like a frightened bird from a foreign country. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I will make them live in their homes** - AT: "I will let them live in their own homes in the land of Israel again." (UDB) +Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will roar like a lion + +Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They will come trembling like a bird ... like a dove + +They will come home quickly as a bird returns to its nest. "Trembling" may refer to the fluttering of a bird's wings. It may also signal the people's feelings of humility and reverence for God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the declaration of Yahweh + +"what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has solemnly said." See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:13](../02/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/12.md b/hos/11/12.md index ab907f3619..4cfd936d3c 100644 --- a/hos/11/12.md +++ b/hos/11/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:holyone|Holy One]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] +Yahweh is talking about Israel and Judah. -## translationNotes +# Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood, and the house of Israel with deceit -* God is talking about Israel and Judah. -* **Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood, and the house of Israel with deceit** - This means that Ephraim (the house of Israel) has continually lied and been dishonest with Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood** - AT: "Ephraim has constantly told lies to me" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **But Judah is still going about with me, God, and is faithful to me, the Holy One** - Even though Judah has rebelled at times, they are still following Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Lies and deceitful acts are spoken of as if they were objects that the people of the northern kingdom surrounded Yahweh with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But Judah is still going about with me + +Here "Judah" refers to the people who live there. This speaks of being loyal to God as "going about" with him. However, many versions have different interpretations of this difficult passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/intro.md b/hos/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..57789b5b99 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Hosea 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues using the poetic form to communicate about Yahweh's relationship to the northern kingdom of Israel. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +This chapter contains an extended metaphor of Israel as a male child in the care of Yahweh, his parent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +== Rhetorical question== + +Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to show his disappointment and anger at Israel's persistent rejection of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/01.md b/hos/12/01.md index 3f8d1bc207..084a615295 100644 --- a/hos/12/01.md +++ b/hos/12/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Ephraim feeds on the wind -* Hosea the prophet is speaking. -* **Ephraim feeds on the wind** - To feed on wind is useless. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and follows after the east wind** - The east wind was very destructive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They make a covenant with Assyria and carry olive oil to Egypt** - +Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. Also "wind" represents something that is useless or temporary. The people of Israel doing things that will not help them is spoken of as if they eat the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# follows after the east wind + +East winds were very hot and destructive to the land. Here it represents anything that is destructive. The people doing things that will destroy themselves is spoken of as if they are following the east wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# carry olive oil to Egypt + +The people of Israel sent olive oil as a present to the king of Egypt to try and persuade him to help them. + +# Yahweh also has a lawsuit against Judah + +Yahweh stating that the people of Judah have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hosea 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# against Judah ... punish Jacob for what he has done ... repay him for his deeds + +Here "Judah" and "Jacob" both represent the people of Judah. AT: "against the people of Judah ... punish them for what they have done ... repay them for their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lawsuit + +This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/03.md b/hos/12/03.md index 5271616f2d..cf83d2c83d 100644 --- a/hos/12/03.md +++ b/hos/12/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethel|Bethel]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:womb|womb]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking about Jacob the ancestor of the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heel -* Hosea the prophet is speaking about Jacob the patriarch. -* **In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heel** - He wanted to take his brother's place so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **He struggled with the angel and won.** - Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Jacob wanted to take his brother's place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He struggled with the angel and won + +Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/05.md b/hos/12/05.md index d8db1a51e2..7aadcaf146 100644 --- a/hos/12/05.md +++ b/hos/12/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# is his name to be called on -* Hosea the prophet is speaking. -* **"Yahweh" is his name to be called on** - The meaning for "called on" can mean "prayed to" or "worshipped" (UDB). -* **Keep covenantal faithfulness and justice** - One must obey God's law and do justly. (UDB). +This can be stated in active form. Here "name" represents the entire character of God. AT: "is his name to which we pray" or "is his name by which we worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Keep covenantal faithfulness and justice + +This refers to obeying God's law and doing what is right. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/07.md b/hos/12/07.md index 51289d3b84..00716b637e 100644 --- a/hos/12/07.md +++ b/hos/12/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|i]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|niquity]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking about Israel. -## translationNotes +# false scales -* Hosea the prophet is speaking about Israel. -* **false scales ** - They used scales to measure the weight of the money or products they were selling/buying. These scales were not accurate. -* **they love to defraud** - These merchants are eager to cheat their customers by lying to them. -* **I have certainly become very rich; I have found wealth for myself** - These two phrases mean essentially the same thing (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The merchants use scales that do not accurately measure the weight of the money or products they are buying or selling. + +# they love to defraud + +The merchants cheat their customers by lying to them and taking more money than they should. + +# I have certainly become very rich; I have found wealth for myself + +These two phrases mean the same thing and mean that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be very prosperous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I have found wealth + +Becoming wealthy by trading is spoken of as finding wealth. AT: "I have made much money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will not find any iniquity in me, anything that would be sin + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be blameless. Learning that someone has sinned is spoken of as finding sin in that person. AT: "they will not discover that I have done anything sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/09.md b/hos/12/09.md index 6a98ef80cb..c26a83fa8d 100644 --- a/hos/12/09.md +++ b/hos/12/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:parable|parable]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I am Yahweh your God from the land of Egypt -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **by means of the prophets** - Through the prophets +Possible meanings are 1) "I am Yahweh your God, who brought your ancestors from the land of Egypt" or 2) "I have been your God ever since you were in the land of Egypt" or 3) "I became your God when you were in the land of Egypt" + +# I will again make you live in tents + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to "live in tents" would represent being sent into exile, or 2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here "to live in tents" would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# By the hand of the prophets + +Here "hand" represents the one who carries out an action. AT: "Through the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/11.md b/hos/12/11.md index 7bccdc50ed..42ea790438 100644 --- a/hos/12/11.md +++ b/hos/12/11.md @@ -1,26 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal|Gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fields -* The prophet Hosea is speaking. -* **their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fields** - Many times altars were built out of stones. In this case, their piles of stones won't be altars but more of a hinderance for plowing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Jacob fled to the land of Aram; Israel worked in order to get a wife** - In this case, "Jacob" and "Israel" are referring to a person and the same person. Jacob received a name change later in his life. +The altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Jacob fled to the land of Aram; Israel worked in order to get a wife + +Here "Jacob" and "Israel" refer to the same person. Jacob's name became Israel later in his life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/13.md b/hos/12/13.md index 71f3802d9b..fc47c947c8 100644 --- a/hos/12/13.md +++ b/hos/12/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# by a prophet -* Hosea the prophet is speaking. -* **So his Master will leave the guilt of his blood on him** - As shown in the UDB translation, this phrase is saying that these people did many sins against their Master and he is not going to try get rid of them. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +That is, Moses. + +# bitterly + +The anger that the people have caused in Yahweh is extremely great. + +# So his Lord will leave his blood on him + +Here "blood" refers to the guilt incurred by people who murder others. God will not forgive their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will turn back on him his disgrace + +The idea of making someone suffer the results of his own actions is spoken of as if those actions were objects that were thrown back at him. AT: "will make him suffer from his own disgraceful actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/intro.md b/hos/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..185428e3a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Hosea 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jacob ##### + +There is a parallel between Jacob and the northern kingdom of Israel. In the same way that Jacob returned to Yahweh, the northern kingdom should repent of their idolatry and turn back to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/01.md b/hos/13/01.md index 34f93c28a1..a597b8d4af 100644 --- a/hos/13/01.md +++ b/hos/13/01.md @@ -1,38 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:kiss|kiss]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# When Ephraim spoke -* God is speaking. -* **When Ephraim spoke** - "Ephraim" in this verse means the tribe of Ephraim, which was one of the 10 tribes located in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **there was trembling** - AT: "there was trembling among the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He exalted himself in Israel** - "He" refers to the tribe of Ephraim, which became a very influential tribe in the northern kingdom. -* **but he became guilty because of Baal worship, and he died.** - This means that the tribe of Ephraim began worshiping Baal. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Now they sin more and more.** - "They" means not just the tribe of Ephraim, but the entire nation of Israel (who were all following Ephraim's example). -* **These men who sacrifice kiss calves** - Part of Baal worship is kissing the idol which was an image of a calf. (UDB) (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Hosea uses the term "Ephraim" to refer to the entire northern kingdom, although it was also the name of one of the ten tribes. Hosea seems to be speaking of a long-past time, when the northern kingdom was strong and honored, unlike at the present time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# there was trembling + +The missing phrase "among other nations" is understood here. Other nations felt humility in front of the northern kingdom. AT: "there was trembling among other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# He exalted himself in Israel + +Here "exalting" means to make oneself important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but he became guilty because of Baal worship, and he died + +When the people of Ephraim began worshiping Baal, they grew weak, and their enemies defeated them. Here "died" refers to the nation growing weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now they sin more and more + +Here "they" refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the entire nation of Israel, who followed Ephraim's example. + +# These men who sacrifice kiss calves + +Part of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/03.md b/hos/13/03.md index 40b31561b4..948ee59977 100644 --- a/hos/13/03.md +++ b/hos/13/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# So they will be like the morning clouds ... like the dew ... like the chaff ... like smoke out of a chimney +These expressions state that Israel is temporary and will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# that is driven by the wind away -* **So they will be like the morning clouds…like the dew…like the chaff…like smoke out of a chimney** - These four phrases basically mean that Israel is temporary and disappearing and are meant to emphasize that the nation of Israel (Ephraim) will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the wind blows away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/04.md b/hos/13/04.md index 120b21f544..7e51f55c5c 100644 --- a/hos/13/04.md +++ b/hos/13/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:savior|Savior]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking of his people as if they had been a flock of sheep that he found wandering in the wilderness. He says that he claimed them there for his own. -## translationNotes +# I knew you in the wilderness -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **I knew you in the wilderness** - Yahweh, unlike the gods of the idols, watched over his people and blessed them with water and what they needed to survive in the desert. -* **your heart became lifted up** - "Your heart" refers to the relationship of the people of Israel toward God; they became proud, thinking that they did not need Yahweh to be their god any more. (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh claimed the Hebrew people as his own special people, and he took care of them there. + +# When you had pasture, then you became full + +The image of sheep is continued with this expression. + +# your heart became lifted up + +Becoming arrogant is spoken of as one's heart being lifted up. AT: "you became proud" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/07.md b/hos/13/07.md index d4da72107d..7ad66205de 100644 --- a/hos/13/07.md +++ b/hos/13/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bear]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beast|beast]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:leopard]] -* [[en:tw:leopard|leopard]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# like a lion ... like a leopard ... as a bear ... as a lion ... as a wild beast -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **like a lion...like a leopard...like a bear...like a lioness** - Each of these wild animals are predators and will attack and kill. In the case of a bear, they will protect their young. Yahweh continues to emphasize how he will deal with his people when they turn away from him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **as a wild beast would tear you** - A lioness is a wild beast and tears apart her prey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as a bear that is robbed of her cubs + +The words "would attack" are left out because they are understood. This can be stated in active form. AT: "like a bear would attack an animal that takes her cubs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as a lion + +The words "would devour them" are left out because they are understood. AT: "as a lion would devour them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/09.md b/hos/13/09.md index 7e72c36cfa..0e110aa991 100644 --- a/hos/13/09.md +++ b/hos/13/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# who will be able to help you? -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **Where now is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers, about whom you said to me,'Give me a king and princes'?** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize to Israel that when they rebel against him, no king or ruler can help them. Only Yahweh can save them from destruction. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that no one will be able to help the people of Israel. AT: "there will be no on able to help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where now is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers, about whom you said to me, 'Give me a king and princes'? + +Yahweh asks these questions to tell Israel that when they rebel against him, no king or ruler can help them. Only Yahweh can save them from destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/12.md b/hos/13/12.md index 2daccc2340..6f01ff4ab8 100644 --- a/hos/13/12.md +++ b/hos/13/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:womb|womb]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Ephraim's iniquity has been stored up; his guilt has been stored up -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **Ephraim's iniquity has been stored up; his guilt has been stored up** - These two phrases are very similar and mean nearly the same thing. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Pains of childbirth will come on him, but he is an unwise son, for when it is time to be born, he does not come out of the womb. ** - This illustration is used here by Yahweh to represent what is going to happen to Ephraim (Israel) because of their great wickedness. (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two phrases are similar and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# has been stored up + +The northern kingdom's iniquity and guilt are spoken of as if they were objects that could be kept for a purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pains of childbirth will come on him + +Here Yahweh speaks of the suffering the people of Israel will suffer as if it were the pains of child birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but he is an unwise son, for when it is time to be born, he does not come out of the womb + +Yahweh now describes the people of Israel as the baby to which the mother is giving birth. The baby is unwise because it does not want to be born. The people do not want to repent and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/14.md b/hos/13/14.md index d5f976b190..b9e3c51117 100644 --- a/hos/13/14.md +++ b/hos/13/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hades|hades, sheol]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:ransom|ransom]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Will I rescue them from the hand of Sheol? Will I rescue them from death? -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **Will I really rescue them from the power of Sheol? Will I really rescue them from death?** - Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. They will face punishment for their great wickedness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Death, where are your plagues? Bring them here. Sheol, where is your destruction? Bring it here** - Yahweh uses these questions to let the people know that judgment is coming upon Israel soon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Compassion is hidden from my eyes** - Yahweh loves and cares for his people (compassion), but he can no longer allow Israel to go without judgment and punishment. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. He will certainly punish them. AT: "I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Where, death, are your plagues? Where, Sheol, is your destruction? + +Yahweh speaks to "death" and "Sheol" as if they were people. Yahweh uses questions to say that he will destroy the people soon. AT: "Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Compassion is hidden from my eyes + +Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I have no compassion for them" or "I will not be compassionate towards them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/15.md b/hos/13/15.md index c98c6b1823..283a636dd0 100644 --- a/hos/13/15.md +++ b/hos/13/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:fountain|fountain, spring]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:precious|precious]] -* [[en:tw:storehouse]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:well]] -* [[en:tw:well|well]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# his brothers -* Hosea the prophet is speaking. -* **an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh** - This means that the judgment of Yahweh on Israel (Ephraim) is coming soon. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Ephraim's spring will dry up, and his well will have no water** - The northern kingdom is spoken of as if it were a tree or a plant that always needed water to live. AT: "The people of Israel will meet disaster" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **his storehouse** - All of the people's possessions in the northern kingdom are spoken of as if they were kept in a single storehouse. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh + +A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Ephraim's spring will dry up, and his well will have no water + +Hosea continues to describe how God will punish the people of Israel. Here water represents life, vitality, and strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his storehouse + +This refers to all of the peoples' possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/16.md b/hos/13/16.md index b424aaf393..8158e1cdfc 100644 --- a/hos/13/16.md +++ b/hos/13/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Samaria will be guilty, for she has rebelled against her God -* Hosea the prophet is speaking. -* **Samaria will be guilty, for she has rebelled against her God. ** - Samaria can refer to the people in the city. In this verse, the "guilt" refers to the people being guilty not the physical city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "Samaria" refers to the people in the city of Samaria who are guilty of rebelling against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will fall + +Here to "fall" represents dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# by the sword + +Here the "sword" represents the enemy soldiers who used swords in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their young children will be dashed to pieces, and their pregnant women will be ripped open + +These phrases can be put into the active voice. AT: "the enemy will dash their young children to pieces, and they will rip open the pregnant women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/intro.md b/hos/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0490b67459 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Hosea 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter uses poetry to communicate Yahweh's disgust and anger with the northern kingdom of Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +"Israel" and "Ephraim" are terms used to speak about the people of the northern kingdom. Samaria was the capital of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +This chapter makes it clear that the northern kingdom is going to be nearly decimated as a people. They will no longer exist as a nation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +== Rhetorical question== + +Hosea uses rhetorical questions throughout this chapter. They are not questions requesting information but rather questions indicating some emotion like anger or dissatisfaction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/01.md b/hos/14/01.md index 4e49759904..e1bfa8694b 100644 --- a/hos/14/01.md +++ b/hos/14/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:confess|confess]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# for you have fallen because of your iniquity -* Hosea the prophet is speaking. -* **for you have fallen because of your iniquity** - This means that the nation of Israel chose to sin against Yahweh and turn away from following him; their sins caused them to fall (or stumble). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Take with you words of confession ** - In other words, approach God and ask forgiveness. (UDB)(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the fruit of our lips ** - AT:"our words and songs of praise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Sinning is spoken of here as if it were falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Take with you words + +This probably means words of confession and praise. AT: "Confess your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the fruit of our lips + +What a person says is called the fruit of his lips. Modern versions have different translations of this difficult passage. AT: "our words and songs of praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/03.md b/hos/14/03.md index 67f60a15aa..c8009681c8 100644 --- a/hos/14/03.md +++ b/hos/14/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Hosea is speaking -## translationNotes +# to the work of our hands -* Hosea is speaking -* **the work of our hands** - This is referring to idols of false gods they are making. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **for in you the fatherless person finds compassion** - This means that the people of Israel are admitting that they have turned away from Yahweh and are like an orphan without a father to provide for them. +Here people are represented by their "hands" to refer to the people making things. AT: "to the idols we made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the fatherless person + +This expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates God's enormous compassion for his people. + +# finds compassion + +Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "finds one who is compassionate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/04.md b/hos/14/04.md index aa7d0a4188..e34c1fb70f 100644 --- a/hos/14/04.md +++ b/hos/14/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon|Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:olive|olive]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# I will heal their turning away -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **I will be like the dew to Israel** - Yahweh's actions will nourish Israel as a people in the same way dew gives water to the plants. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he will blossom like the lily** - Israel will flourish as a result. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* ** and take root like a cedar in Lebanon** - Israel will be established by Yahweh's love. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **his beauty will be like the olive trees** - Israel will be in good health and well-being. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and his fragrance like the cedars in Lebanon** - Israel will be renewed and smell pleasant again. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their turning away + +The failure of the people to obey God is spoken of as if they had physically turned away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will be like the dew to Israel; he will blossom like the lily + +God is spoken of as if he were dew that brought needed moisture to plants, and Israel is spoken of as if it were one person, and as if he were a flower that could blossom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# take root like a cedar in Lebanon + +The picture of Israel in the form of a plant is continued here, but this time in the form of a tall cedar tree in Lebanon, which was known for such trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# His branches will spread out ... like the cedars in Lebanon + +This passage continues the same image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/07.md b/hos/14/07.md index 050e82111a..f6aae8f497 100644 --- a/hos/14/07.md +++ b/hos/14/07.md @@ -1,28 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon|Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people, poor (the poor)]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vine|vine]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# The people who live in his shade will return -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **The people who live in his shade will return** - Shade is signifying they will provide protection for others. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they will revive like grain** - The people of Israel will sustain itself with food. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and blossom like vines** - The people will sustain itself with drink. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **His fame will be like the wine of Lebanon** - AT: "recollection of him is like the wine of Lebanon." Israel will be remembered in the way you remember a good wine. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **What more have I to do with idols?** - This question stated by the people (Ephraim) emphasizes that they will not worship idols any more. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a cypress whose leaves are always green** - a beautiful tree whose foliage stays green all year; this represents Yahweh and his blessings on Israel. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **from me comes your fruit ** - Yahweh is reminding Israel that every good thing represented by fruit is received from him. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The people of Israel will once again live protected by God. Israel is spoken of as living in his shade. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will revive like grain and blossom like vines + +Israel's new prosperity is spoken of in agricultural terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# His fame will be like the wine of Lebanon + +Just as Lebanon's wine was famous, so Israel will be famous. AT: "People everywhere will know about the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# what more have I to do with idols? + +This passage signifies that God will stop the people of Israel from worshiping idols any longer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a cypress whose leaves are always green + +A cypress is a tree whose leaves stay green all year. This represents Yahweh and his blessings on Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# from me comes your fruit + +Here "fruit" represents every good thing that comes from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/09.md b/hos/14/09.md index bd6dfa1719..af8a99297d 100644 --- a/hos/14/09.md +++ b/hos/14/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:stumble|stumble]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:understand|understand, understanding]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Who is wise that he may understand these things? Who understands these things so that he may know them? -* The prophet Hosea is speaking. -* **Who is wise that he may understand these things? Who understands these things so that he may know them?** - The prophet uses these questions to emphasize that a wise person (or nation) will understand and follow what has been said to them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For the ways of Yahweh are right** - This means that the things that Yahweh says and does show the right way to live. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The prophet uses these questions to say that wise people will understand and listen to what has been said to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the ways of Yahweh are right, and the righteous will walk in them + +Yahweh's commandments are spoken of as ways to walk in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stumble + +Disobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/intro.md b/hos/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f8b6a9197e --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Hosea 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This last chapter of Hosea ends with hope. In this chapter, Hosea calls for Israel to confess to Yahweh and repent. This chapter continues to be written in poetic form, using metaphors and other devices to communicate God's love for his sinful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +Why are confession and repentance even suggested here for a people that Yahweh has already condemned to be destroyed? It is because this is a teaching that Yahweh is a merciful God who loves his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Speaker ##### +The use of first and second person in this chapter often signifies a change in speaker. In this chapter, Hosea is speaking to the northern kingdom to tell them that Yahweh loves them. +There are several places in this chapter where the writer switches from the third person to the second or the first person. This may cause some confusion about who is speaking. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/front/intro.md b/hos/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e7dea30e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +# Introduction to Hosea # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Hosea #### + +1. God tells Hosea to marry Gomer as a picture of Yahweh's relationship with Israel (1:1–3:5) +1. Israel's betrayals, wanderings, and sins; Yahweh's appeals and pleas to return to him (4:1–7:3) +1. Literary devices to explain the conflict between Yahweh and Israel (7:4–13:8) + - Similes: oven, cake, dove, bow (7:4–16) + - Israel's open lies and rebellion (8:1–14) + - Prediction of the end of Israel (9:1–17) + - Similes: grapes, vine, calf, lion, children, birds, and doves (10:1–11:11) + - Destruction caused by Israel's sins and betrayals and broken alliances (11:12–12:1) + - Remembering Israel's history (12:2–13:16) + - Idolatry (13:1–8) +1. Israel is hostile to Yahweh (13:9–16) +1. Yahweh's last appeals to Israel (14:1–9) + +#### What is the Book of Hosea about? #### + +Hosea lived in the northern kingdom of Israel, which he often called Ephraim or Samaria. He lived in the period of time just before Assyria conquered the northern kingdom. + +Hosea begins with the events of 753 BC, just before the death of Jeroboam II, when the kingdom of Israel was at its most powerful. Despite its prosperity, the kingdom of Israel was spiritually weak. Hosea predicts the demise of the kingdom of Israel and witnesses its destruction. The challenges and difficulties that Hosea was instructed to endure were unlike those faced by any other Old Testament prophet. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"The Book of Hosea" may also be called "The Book About Hosea" or "The Sayings of Hosea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Hosea? #### + +Hosea, son of Beeri, transmitted the messages in the book from God. Hosea prophesied at the same time as Amos, Isaiah, and Micah. They followed the earlier prophets Obadiah, Joel, and Jonah. Hosea lived in the northern kingdom, probably in the city of Samaria. In Hosea 7:5, he refers to the king of the northern kingdom as "our king." The name Hosea means "salvation." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why did God command Hosea to marry a prostitute? #### + +Hosea's marriage to the prostitute Gomer is a type of metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him, as a woman who is unfaithful to her husband breaks her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### What is a lawsuit? #### + +Many cultures have a process for resolving disputes through the use of courts. These legal disputes are called lawsuits. The Book of Hosea contains a number of legal terms, because it pictures Yahweh's accusations against Israel as if a husband were accusing his wife of being unfaithful to him. Part of the book follows the form of a lawsuit. There is a problem that is identified (4:1), someone is accused (4:4), someone is found guilty (4:15), and punishment follows (5:1). + +#### What was the religious environment in the kingdom of Israel? #### + +While Israel was supposed to worship Yahweh alone, they combined the worship of Yahweh with the worship of the Canaanite gods, including the idol named Baal. This was a major cause of God's judgment upon the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does the phrase "the declaration of Yahweh" mean? #### + +The prophet uses the phrase "the declaration of Yahweh" to mark a message as truly coming from God. + +#### Why are English translations of Hosea very different? #### + +Hosea 4–14 has many problems of interpretation. Some phrases in Hosea are beyond the current understanding we have of the Hebrew language. Many English translations give very different translations for these difficult sections. + +#### What does the term "Israel" mean in Hosea? #### + +In Hosea, "Israel" is used only in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel. It is not used in reference to the southern kingdom or to the two kingdoms together. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/kingdomofisrael]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/01.md b/isa/01/01.md index 9f2f24181f..94c7fe670e 100644 --- a/isa/01/01.md +++ b/isa/01/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The vision of Isaiah ... that he saw -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +"This is the vision of Isaiah ... that Yahweh showed him" or "This is what God showed Isaiah" -## translationNotes +# Amoz -* **The vision of Isaiah…that he saw** - Verse 1 can be translated as a sentence by starting it with "This is the vision of Isaiah … that Yahweh showed him" or "This is what God showed Isaiah." -* **Amoz** - Amoz was the father of Isaiah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Judah and Jerusalem** - "Judah" refers to the southern kingdom of Israel. "Jerusalem" was its most important city. This can be translated as "those living in Judah and Jerusalem" or "the people of Judah and Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.** - This can be translated as "when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah were kings of Judah." -* **Hear, O heavens, and listen, O earth** - Although these prophecies were meant for the people of Jerusalem and Judah to hear, Isaiah told the “heavens” and “earth” to listen to what Yahweh said. By doing this, he emphasized how bad the people were. They were so bad that he was telling the heavens and earth about their sins. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **I have nourished and brought up children** - This is what Yahweh was saying. It can be translated as "I have taken care of the people living in Judah like they were my children." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Amoz was the father of Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Judah and Jerusalem + +"Judah" refers to the southern kingdom of Israel. "Jerusalem" was its most important city. The names of the places represent the people who live in them. AT: "those living in Judah and Jerusalem" or "the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah + +This is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. They reigned one after the other, not all at the same time. AT: "when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah were kings of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/02.md b/isa/01/02.md index d009dc932d..75e91d6cf3 100644 --- a/isa/01/02.md +++ b/isa/01/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Hear, heavens, and give ear, earth -* **Hear, O heavens, and listen, O earth** - Although these prophecies were meant for the people of Jerusalem and Judah to hear, Isaiah told the “heavens” and “earth” to listen to what Yahweh said. By doing this, he emphasized how bad the people were. They were so bad that he was telling the heavens and earth about their sins. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **I have nourished and brought up children** - This is what Yahweh was saying. It can be translated as "I have taken care of the people living in Judah like they were my children." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The ox knows his owner, and the donkey his master’s feeding trough, but Israel does not know, Israel does not understand** - God is scolding the people of Israel by saying that animals know their masters better than Israel knows their master. -* **the donkey his master’s feeding trough** - "the donkey knows his master’s feeding trough." Alternate translation: "the donkey knows where his master gives him food." -* **but Israel does not know, Israel does not understand** - This probably means "but the people of Israel do not know me, they do not understand that I am the one who cares for them." -* **Israel** - This refers to the nation of Israel. The kingdom of Judah was a part of it. +Although these prophecies were meant for the people of Jerusalem and Judah to hear, Isaiah knows they will not listen. Possible meanings are 1) he speaks in apostrophe, as though the "heavens" and "earth" would be able to listen to what Yahweh said, or 2) the words "heavens" and "earth" are metonyms and a merism for all living beings everywhere. AT: "you who live in the heavens ... you who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# I have nourished ... does not understand + +Words that Yahweh spoke and which Isaiah is speaking to the Israelites for Yahweh. + +# I have nourished and brought up children + +Yahweh speaks as if his words were food and as if the Israelites were his children. AT: "I have taken care of the people living in Judah like they were my children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the donkey his master's feeding trough + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "the donkey knows his master's feeding trough" or "the donkey knows where his master gives him food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# but Israel does not know, Israel does not understand + +This probably means "but the people of Israel do not know me, they do not understand that I am the one who cares for them." + +# Israel + +This is a metonym for the people of Israel. Judah is part of what had been the nation of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/04.md b/isa/01/04.md index 67358e23d7..ec85941142 100644 --- a/isa/01/04.md +++ b/isa/01/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Nation, sinners -* 10 were probably spoken by Isaiah. -* **woe** - Isaiah is expressing deep concern about Israel's rebellion. -* **a people weighed down with iniquity** - This compares their many sins to something very heavy that a person might carry. Alternate translation: "their sin is like a heavy bag on their shoulders that makes it hard for them to walk." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They have abandoned Yahweh** - "They have turned away from Yahweh" -* **they have despised the Holy One of Israel** - "they have rejected the Holy One of Israel" or "they have been disrespectful to the Holy One of Israel" -* **they have estranged themselves from him** - "they have separated themselves from him." Alternate translation: "they have treated him as a stranger." +Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is saying two different things about them. AT: "Nation of Israel, you sinners" or 2) he is saying only one thing about them. AT: "Nation of sinners" + +# a people weighed down with iniquity + +Something very heavy that a person might carry is a metaphor for their many sins. AT: "their sin is like a heavy bag on their shoulders that makes it hard for them to walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# offspring of evildoers + +The word "offspring" is a metaphor for people who do what others have done. AT: "people who do the same evil they see others doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# act corruptly + +do evil deeds + +# They have abandoned Yahweh + +"They have gone away from Yahweh" + +# have despised + +"have refused to obey" or "have refused to respect" + +# Israel + +Judah is part of what had been the nation of Israel. + +# they have estranged themselves from him + +Though at one time they were friends, they now treat him as though they do not know him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/05.md b/isa/01/05.md index 2ac90f8faa..4480f61c44 100644 --- a/isa/01/05.md +++ b/isa/01/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Why are you still being beaten? Why do you rebel more and more? -* **Why are you still being struck? Why do you rebel more and more?** - Isaiah uses these questions to scold the people of Judah. These could be translated as statements with active verbs: "You keep doing things that Yahweh has to punish you for. You continue to rebel against him" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]]) -* **you** - Here the word "you" refers to the people who live in Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **The whole head is sick, the whole heart is weak** - This compares the nation of Israel to a person who has been beaten. Alternate translations: "You are like someone whose head is wounded and whose heart is weak" or "You are like someone whose whole mind and heart are sick." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they have not been closed, cleansed, bandaged, nor treated with oil** - This can be translated with an active verb: "no one has closed, cleansed, bandaged, or treated them with oil." +Isaiah uses these questions to scold the people of Judah. The questions can be translated as statements. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "You keep doing things that Yahweh has to punish you for. You continue to rebel against him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you + +Here the word "you" refers to the people who live in Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# The whole head is sick, the whole heart is weak + +This metaphor compares the nation of Israel to a person who has been beaten. AT: "You are like someone whose head is wounded and whose heart is weak" or "You are like someone whose whole mind and heart are sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no part unharmed + +This can be stated positively. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "every part of you has been harmed" or "someone has harmed every part of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# they have not been closed, cleansed, bandaged, nor treated with oil + +This metaphor compares the punishment God has given Israel to physical wounds. It can be stated in active form. AT: "no one has closed, cleansed, bandaged, or treated them with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/07.md b/isa/01/07.md index 9ff2b8e7c8..69bc2c65e6 100644 --- a/isa/01/07.md +++ b/isa/01/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Your country is ruined -* **your fields–in your presence, strangers are destroying them** - in your presence, strangers are destroying them** - "People who are not from your own country steal the crops in your fields while you watch" -* **abandoned devastation** - "empty and devastated." This could be translated as "the land is destroyed and no one lives there." -* **overthrown by strangers** - This can be translated with an active verb: "strangers have overthrown your country" or "a foreign army has completely conquered it." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the daughter of Zion** - The ”daughter” of a city means the people of the city. Alternate translations: "the people of Zion” or ”the people who live in Zion." -* **is left like a hut in a vineyard, like a shed in a garden of cucumbers** - "is like a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers." A "hut" and a "shed" are shelters that farmers built in the field during the harvest season. After the harvest, the farmers left them, and they quickly fell apart. -* **like a besieged city** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "Her enemies have surrounded the city." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They have ruined your country" or "Your enemies have ruined your country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your cities are burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they have burned your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your fields—in your presence, strangers are destroying them + +"people who are not from your own country steal the crops from your fields while you watch" + +# abandoned devastation + +"empty and devastated." This abstract noun phrase can be expressed as verb phrases. AT: "they have destroyed the land and no one lives there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# overthrown by strangers + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "strangers have overthrown your country" or "a foreign army has completely conquered it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The daughter of Zion is left + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have left the daughter of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The daughter of Zion + +The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. AT: "The people of Zion" or "The people who live in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# is left like a hut in a vineyard, like a shed in a garden of cucumbers + +Possible meanings are 1) "has become as small as a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers" or 2) "is left the way a farmer leaves a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers when he is finished with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like ... cucumbers, like a besieged city + +Another possible meaning is "like ... cucumbers. She is a besieged city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/09.md b/isa/01/09.md index ec409655d2..6f49009986 100644 --- a/isa/01/09.md +++ b/isa/01/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# If Yahweh -* **a small remnant** - This can be translated as "a few survivors." -* **If Yahweh** - Verse 9 describes something that could have happened in the past but did not. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts ** - "Yahweh, the Leader of the angel armies," -* **us…we** - Here these words refer to Isaiah and includes all the people of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **we would have been like Sodom, we would have been like Gomorrah** - How Judah would have been like Sodom and Gomorrah can be made explicit: "we would have all been destroyed, like the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This describes something that could have happened in the past but did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# a small remnant + +"a few survivors" + +# us ... we + +Here these words refer to Isaiah and includes all the people of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# we would have been like Sodom, we would have been like Gomorrah + +How Judah would have been like Sodom and Gomorrah can be made explicit. AT: "God would have destroyed us, like he destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/10.md b/isa/01/10.md index 0396056504..ea70701722 100644 --- a/isa/01/10.md +++ b/isa/01/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# you rulers of Sodom ... you people of Gomorrah -* **You rulers of Sodom…you people of Gomorrah** - Isaiah is comparing the people of Judah to Sodom and Gomorrah to emphasize how sinful they have become. It could be translated as “You rulers who are as sinful as the people of Sodom…you people who are as wicked as those who lived in Gomorrah.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **What is the multitude of your sacrifices to me?** - God is using a question to scold the people. This could be translated as “Your sacrifices mean nothing to me!” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Isaiah is comparing the people of Judah to Sodom and Gomorrah to emphasize how sinful they have become. AT: "you rulers who are as sinful as the people of Sodom ... you people who are as wicked as those who lived in Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What is the multitude of your sacrifices to me? + +God is using a question to scold the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your many sacrifices mean nothing to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/12.md b/isa/01/12.md index 69766404cc..25270261ad 100644 --- a/isa/01/12.md +++ b/isa/01/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# who has required this of you, to trample my courts? -* God continues to speak to the people of Judah. -* **who has required this of you, to trample my courts?** - The word "trample" means to step on and crush with one's feet. God is using a question to scold the people who live in Judah. This could be translated as "no one told you to stomp around in my courtyards." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Bring no more meaningless offerings** - "Do not bring me anymore of your worthless gifts" -* **Incense is an abomination to me** - "I hate the incense the priests burn" -* **I cannot tolerate these wicked assemblies** - "I cannot endure when you gather together because of the wicked things you do" +The word "trample" means to step on and crush with one's feet. God is using a question to scold the people who live in Judah. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "no one told you to stomp around in my courtyards!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Bring no more meaningless offerings + +"Do not bring me any more of your worthless gifts" + +# incense is an abomination to me + +Here the abstract noun "abomination" can expressed as the verb "hate." AT: "I hate the incense the priests burn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I cannot tolerate these wicked assemblies + +Possible meanings are 1) "I cannot allow you to gather together because of the wicked things you do" or 2) "I cannot allow myself to watch you gather together because of the wicked things you do." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/14.md b/isa/01/14.md index a02023cd54..77b5f9ffcc 100644 --- a/isa/01/14.md +++ b/isa/01/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# your new moons and your appointed feasts -* God continues to speak to the people of Judah. -* **Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hates** - God refers to himself with the phrase "my soul". This can be translated as "I hate all your new moon celebrations and special feasts." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they are a burden to me; I am tired of enduring them** - This compares how God feels about the people's celebrations to carrying a heavy object. It can be translated as “they are a heavy load that I am tired of carrying.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I hide my eyes from you** - This is a way of saying "I will not look at you" or "I will not pay attention to you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). -* **your hands are full of blood** - This is the reason that God will not listen to their prayers. The blood likely refers to violence that they have done against people. Alternate translations: "because it is like your hands are covered with the blood of those you have harmed" or “because your hands are guilty of violence against the weak” or "because you are guilty of violence." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The words "new moons" are a metonym for the celebrations of the new moon. They are also a synecdoche for all regular celebrations. AT: "your celebrations of the new moon and your other regular feasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# new moons + +A new moon is when the moon first shows light after having been dark. + +# they are a burden to me; I am tired of enduring them + +This compares how God feels about the people's celebrations to carrying a heavy object. AT: "they are a heavy load that I am tired of carrying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I hide my eyes from you + +This idiom is a way of saying "I will not look at you" or "I will not pay attention to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your hands are full of blood + +This is the reason that God will not listen to their prayers. The blood likely refers to violence that they have done against people. AT: "because it is like your hands are covered with the blood of those you have harmed" or "because you are guilty of violence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/16.md b/isa/01/16.md index a86867bb92..a1fafcdff7 100644 --- a/isa/01/16.md +++ b/isa/01/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Wash, cleanse yourselves -* God continues to speak to the people of Judah. -* **Wash, cleanse yourselves** - Here God compares stopping sinning with becoming clean. This can be translated as: “Repent and wash the sin from your heart like you wash the dirt from your body.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **remove the evil of your deeds from my sight** - God was not telling them to do their evil deeds somewhere else, but to stop doing them. Alternate translation: "Stop doing the evil deeds that I see you doing." -* **the oppressed** - "people who are oppressed" or "people who are treated cruelly" -* **give justice to the fatherless** - "be fair to the children who do not have fathers" -* **defend the widow** - "protect the women whose husbands have died" +Here God compares a person who stops sinning with one who washes his body. AT: "Repent and wash the sin from your heart like you wash the dirt from your body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# remove the evil of your deeds from my sight + +God was not telling them to do their evil deeds somewhere else, but to stop doing them. AT: "stop doing the evil deeds that I see you doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make straight the oppression + +God speaks of people who oppress others as if they had made crooked something that should be straight, and he calls on them to make that object straight again. The abstract noun "oppression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "make sure that those helpless people you have harmed no longer suffer from the bad things you have done to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# give justice to the fatherless + +"be fair to the children who do not have fathers" + +# defend the widow + +"protect the women whose husbands have died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/18.md b/isa/01/18.md index f91fe1dc63..8b4c96cd2c 100644 --- a/isa/01/18.md +++ b/isa/01/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Come now, and let -* God continues to speak to the people of Judah. -* **let us reason together** - "let us think about this together" or "let us discuss this." Here the word "us" refers to God and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **though your sins are like scarlet** - "though your sins are bright red." -* **they will be white like snow** - White is often a symbol for holiness or purity. "Snow" refers to something like frozen rain that is very white. Since this simply to describe something as very white, you could replace it with something else that is white: "white as a seashell" or "white as a dove." This means that they will be forgiven. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **though they are red like crimson** - "though they are dark red" -* **they will be like wool** - How they will be like wool can be made explicit: "They will be white like wool." Wool is the hair of a sheep or goat. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Yahweh graciously and lovingly invites the people to listen to what he is about to say. "Please listen to me. Let" or "Pay attention; I want to help you. Let" + +# let us reason together + +"let us think about this together" or "we need to discuss this" or "what are we going to do?" Yahweh invites the people to discuss the future. Here the word "us" refers to Yahweh and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# though your sins are like scarlet, they will be white like snow; though they are red like crimson, they will be like wool + +Isaiah is speaking of the people as if they were wearing clothes that were supposed to be white wool and of their sins as if they were red stains on the clothes. If Yahweh forgives their sins, it will be as if their clothes become white again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like scarlet + +Scarlet is a bright red color. AT: "bright red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# white like snow + +White is often a symbol for holiness or purity. "Snow" refers to something like frozen rain that is very white. Since this simply describes something as very white, you could replace it with something else that is white: "white as a seashell" or "white as a dove." This means that their sins will be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# red like crimson + +Crimson is a dark red color. AT: "dark red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like wool + +Wool is the hair of a sheep or goat. How they will be like wool can be made explicit. AT: "white like wool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/19.md b/isa/01/19.md index 59691bbde1..103dc0dc9d 100644 --- a/isa/01/19.md +++ b/isa/01/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +God continues to speak to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# If you are willing and obedient -* God continues to speak to the people of Judah. -* **if you are willing and obedient** - Here, “willing” and “obedient” are used together to express one idea. Alternate translation: “if you willingly obey.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **you will eat the good of the land** - "the land will produce good food for you to eat" -* **but if you refuse and rebel** - "but if you refuse to listen and instead disobey me" -* **the sword will devour you** - The word “sword” refers to Judah's enemies. Also, the word “devour” compares Judah's enemies coming to kill them to a wild animal that attacks and eats other animals. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will kill you.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it** - The word “mouth” emphasizes that Yahweh has spoken and what he says will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has spoken” or "Yahweh has said that this will happen." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here, "willing" and "obedient" are used together to express one idea. AT: "If you willingly obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# you will eat the good of the land + +"the land will produce good food for you to eat" + +# but if you refuse and rebel + +"but if you refuse to listen and instead disobey me" + +# the sword will devour you + +The word "sword" refers to Judah's enemies. Also, the word "devour" compares Judah's enemies coming to kill them to a wild animal that attacks and eats other animals. AT: "your enemies will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it + +The word "mouth" emphasizes that Yahweh has spoken and what he says will certainly happen. AT: "Yahweh has spoken" or "Yahweh has said that this will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/21.md b/isa/01/21.md index 4e3e4e3d1a..06f2ca8a95 100644 --- a/isa/01/21.md +++ b/isa/01/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# How the faithful city -* 20]]. Isaiah is the speaker in 1:21-23. -* **How the faithful city has become a prostitute** - This exclamation shows Isaiah's anger and sadness about the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "See how the people of Jerusalem who had been loyal to God have become a prostitute." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **has become a prostitute** - Isaiah compared the people to a woman who is not loyal to her husband but who sleeps with other men for money. The people were no longer loyal to God but were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: "acted like a prostitute." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **she who was full of justice** - The word "she" refers to Jerusalem and its people. In the Bible, cities are often referred to as women. Alternate translation: "the people of Jerusalem were fair and did what was right." -* **but now she is full of murderers** - "but now they are murderers" -* **Your silver has become impure, your wine mixed with water** - Isaiah compared the sinful people of Jerusalem to two things that were good but were now ruined. Alternate translation: "You are like silver that is no longer pure, and like wine that is mixed with water." +This exclamation shows Isaiah's anger and sadness about the people of Jerusalem. AT: "See how the people of Jerusalem, who had been faithful to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has become a prostitute + +Isaiah compared the people to a woman who is not loyal to her husband but who sleeps with other men for money. The people were no longer loyal to God but were worshiping false gods. AT: "acts like a prostitute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She who was full of justice + +The word "she" refers to Jerusalem and its people. Those who wrote the Bible often refer to cities as women. AT: "The people of Jerusalem were fair and did what was right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but now she is full of murderers + +The word "she" refers to Jerusalem and its people. Those who wrote the Bible often refer to cities as women. AT: "but now the people of Jerusalem are murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your silver has become impure, your wine mixed with water + +Possible meanings are that Isaiah uses silver and wine as metaphors for 1) the people of Jerusalem. AT: "You are like silver that is no longer pure, and like wine that is mixed with water," or 2) the good deeds that the people formerly did. AT: "You used to do good deeds, but now your bad deeds make your good deeds worthless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# silver ... impure + +Someone needs to clean silver often or it will no longer shine brightly. + +# wine ... water + +Wine with water in it has little taste and so is no better than water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/23.md b/isa/01/23.md index 51f1dccc4a..4fcdcdc0ae 100644 --- a/isa/01/23.md +++ b/isa/01/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Your princes are rebels -* **Your princes are rebels** - "Your leaders rebel against God" -* **companions of thieves** - "they are friends with people who steal from others" -* **everyone loves bribes and runs after payoffs** - These are two different ways of saying the same thing to emphasize how wicked the leaders were. Alternate translation: "They all are happy to lie and make bad decisions if someone will pay them enough money." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **they do not defend the fatherless** - "they do not protect those who do not have fathers" -* **nor does the widow's legal plea come before them** - "nor do they listen when widows go to them for help" or "and they do not help widows who go to them for help" +"Your leaders rebel against God" + +# companions of thieves + +"they are friends with people who steal from others" + +# bribes ... payoffs + +People give "bribes" as gifts to dishonest rulers so the rulers will then act unjustly. Rulers receive "payoffs" as gifts from those who make profits from unjust laws that the ruler has passed. + +# runs after payoffs + +A person eagerly desiring for someone to give him a bribe is spoken of as if the payoff were running away and the person were running after it. AT: "everyone desires for someone to pay money to them to make dishonest decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They do not defend the fatherless + +"they do not protect those who do not have fathers" + +# nor does the widow's legal plea come before them + +"nor do they listen when widows go to them for help against those who break the law" or "and they do not help widows who go to them for help against those who break the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/24.md b/isa/01/24.md index a3f31f218a..2756e322f5 100644 --- a/isa/01/24.md +++ b/isa/01/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Isaiah begins to speak Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Therefore -* **"Therefore"** - "For that reason" -* **this is the declaration of the Lord** - "declares the Lord" -* **I will take vengeance against my adversaries, and avenge myself against my enemies** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "I will punish those who opposed me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will turn my hand against you** - Here "hand" refers to God's power which he would use to punish his people. Alternate translation: "I will turn my power against you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **refine away your dross, and take away all of your impurities** - This is what God would do. God compared removing the sin from his people to using fire to remove dirt from silver. Alternate translation: "and like fire removing the filth from silver, I will remove all the evil from among you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"For that reason" + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts, the Mighty One of Israel + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts, the Mighty One of Israel, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, the Mighty One of Israel, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will take vengeance against my adversaries, and avenge myself against my enemies + +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. The words "take vengeance against my adversaries" speak more of Yahweh doing whatever he needs to do to those who work against him so he can be happy. The words "avenge myself against my enemies" speak more of Yahweh justly punishing his enemies. AT: "I will punish those who opposed me" or "I will do what pleases me to those who work against me, and I will justly punish my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will turn my hand against you + +Here "hand" refers to God's power which he would use to punish his people. AT: "I will begin to use all my power against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# refine away your dross as with lye + +Here the process in which God removes his people's sin is spoken of as if her were separating metal from the bad things mixed with it. The words "as with lye" adds another metaphor, because lye is used in soap, not in refining metal. AT: "and like fire removing the dirt from silver, I will remove all the evil from among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dross + +This is the dirt and other things that people remove from metals so the metal will be pure. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/26.md b/isa/01/26.md index 604a2b4eea..55dfae5a2b 100644 --- a/isa/01/26.md +++ b/isa/01/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# at the first ... at the beginning -* God continues speaking to the people of Judah and Jerusalem. -* **you will be called** - This can be translated with an active verb: "people will call you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] -* **the city of righteousness, a faithful town** - Here "city" and "town" refer to the people living in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "the city where the people are righteous and loyal to God." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These are two ways of speaking of the first part or beginning of Israel's history, when Israel first became a nation. + +# you will be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the city of righteousness, a faithful town + +Here "city" and "town" refer to the people living in Jerusalem. AT: "the city where the people are righteous and loyal to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/27.md b/isa/01/27.md index 8096298e8f..012f07d245 100644 --- a/isa/01/27.md +++ b/isa/01/27.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Zion will be redeemed by justice, and her repentant ones by righteousness -* 26]]. Isaiah 1:27-28 is probably Isaiah writing to the people of Judah. -* **Zion will be redeemed by justice, and her repentant ones by righteousness** - This can be translated with active verbs. There are two possible meanings: 1) "God will redeem Zion because they do what is just, and he will redeem those who repent because they do what is right before him" or 2) God will redeem Zion because he is just, and he will redeem those who repent because he is righteous." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Zion** - This refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. It can be translated as “those living in Zion.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Rebels and sinners will be crushed together** - This can be translated with an active verb: "God will destroy those who rebel and sin against him." -* **those who abandon Yahweh will be done away with** - This can be translated with an active verb: "And Yahweh will completely do away with those who turn away from him" or "And Yahweh will kill all who reject him." +This can be stated in active form. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh will redeem Zion because the people there do what is just, and he will redeem those who repent because they do what Yahweh says is right" or 2) "Yahweh will redeem Zion because he is just, and he will redeem those who repent because he is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Zion + +This is a metonym for the people who live on Mount Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Rebels and sinners will be crushed together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will destroy those who rebel and sin against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who abandon Yahweh will be done away with + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and Yahweh will completely do away with those who turn away from him" or "and Yahweh will kill all who reject him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/29.md b/isa/01/29.md index 9a5b1fd4bf..9d7e4fccdd 100644 --- a/isa/01/29.md +++ b/isa/01/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the sacred oak trees ... gardens -* 31 is spoken to the people of Judah and Jerusalem. It is probably God speaking. -* **the sacred oak trees...gardens** - These phrases refer to places where the people of Judah worshiped idols. -* **embarrassed by** - "disgraced because of" -* **For you will be like an oak whose leaf fades, and like a garden that has no water** - The people who were worshiping false gods were being compared to a tree or garden that is dying because it is cut off from what gives it life. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +These phrases refer to places where the people of Judah worshiped idols. + +# you will be embarrassed by + +Some versions read, "you will blush because of." A person blushes when his face turns hot and red, often because he feels that he has done something wrong. + +# For you will be like an oak whose leaf fades, and like a garden that has no water + +Water gives life to trees and gardens. The people have cut themselves off from Yahweh, who gives them life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/31.md b/isa/01/31.md index ffd0a798a6..d1a730fc24 100644 --- a/isa/01/31.md +++ b/isa/01/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:quench]] +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The strong man -* Isaiah 1:31 is probably a continuation of God speaking. -* **The strong man** - "The strong person" or "Whoever is powerful." This may refer to people who are important and who influence other people. -* **will be like tinder** - Here, the powerful person is compared to material that is easily broken and burned. Alternate translation: "will be like kindling for a fire." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **tinder** - dry material that is used to start a fire -* **and his work like a spark** - This compares the person's deeds or evil works to a spark that sets the tinder on fire. Alternate translation: "His work will be like the small flame that starts the fire." +"The strong person" or "Whoever is powerful." This may refer to people who are important and who influence other people. + +# tinder + +dry material that burns easily + +# his work like a spark + +This compares the person's deeds or evil works to a spark that falls on tinder and sets it on fire. AT: "his work will be like a spark that starts a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/intro.md b/isa/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd4d9728e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Isaiah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:2-31, which is a vision Isaiah receives. These are the words of Yahweh. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Woe ##### +The prophecy of this chapter serves as a warning to the people of the kingdom of Judah. If they do not change their evil ways, Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many vivid metaphors used to describe Judah's sin. Their sin is described as a sickness that spreads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Yahweh uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince the people of Judah of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Isaiah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/01.md b/isa/02/01.md index 2f3e221db2..339122fd43 100644 --- a/isa/02/01.md +++ b/isa/02/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amoz]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Judah and Jerusalem -* **Judah and Jerusalem** - “those living in Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **In the latter days** - "In the future" -* **the mountain of Yahweh's house will be established** - This can be translated with an active verb: "Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" -* **as the highest of the mountains** - This means that it will be the most important of the mountains. -* **and will be exalted above the hills** - This can be translated with an active verb: "and Yahweh will honor it more than any other hill." ([[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and all nations** - "and people from all nations" -* **will flow to it** - The people around the world going to the mountain of Yahweh is compared to how a river flows. This emphasizes that many people will come not just a few people. Alternate translations: "will flow like a river to it" or "will go to it" (UDB) or "will go in great crowds to it." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Judah" and "Jerusalem" are metonyms for the people who live there. AT: "those living in Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the last days + +"in the future" + +# the mountain of Yahweh's house will be established + +This can be stated 1) as a description. AT: "The mountain of Yahweh's house will stand" or 2) in active form. AT: "Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as the highest of the mountains + +Isaiah speaks of importance as if it were physical height. AT: "the most important of the mountains" or "the most important place in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be raised up above the hills + +Isaiah speaks of honor in metaphor as if it were physical height. This can be stated 1) in active form. AT: "Yahweh will honor it more than any other hill" or 2) as a metonym for the people who worship there. AT: "Yahweh will honor the people who worship there more than he honors any other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the nations + +Here "nations" is a metonym for the people of those nations. AT: "people from all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will flow to it + +The people around the world going to the mountain of Yahweh is compared to how a river flows. This emphasizes that many people will come, not just a few people. AT: "will flow like a river to it" or "will go to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/03.md b/isa/02/03.md index 20fdc507bf..f5bb7cf857 100644 --- a/isa/02/03.md +++ b/isa/02/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Jacob, so he may teach ... and we may walk -* **he will teach us some of his ways, and we may walk in his paths** - "he will teach us his will so that we may obey him" -* **for out of Zion will go the law** - "for the law will go out from Zion." Alternate translations: "They will teach the law in Zion" or "they will hear the law in Zion" -* **and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem** - "and the word of Yahweh will go out from Jerusalem" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) They will proclaim Yahweh's message in Jerusalem. -* **for out of Zion will go the law, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem** - "People in Zion will teach God's law, and people in Jerusalem will teach the word of Yahweh." These phrases mean the same thing. Isaiah was emphasizing that all nations will understand that the truth is found in Jerusalem. (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Another possible meaning is "Jacob. He will teach ... and we will walk" + +# he may teach us some of his ways, and we may walk in his paths + +The words "ways" and "paths" are metaphors for the way a person lives. If your language has only one word for the ground on which people walk, you may combine these phrases. AT: "he may teach us his will so that we may obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For out of Zion will go the law, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem + +These phrases mean the same thing. Isaiah was emphasizing that all nations will understand that the truth is found in Jerusalem. AT: "People in Zion will teach God's law, and people in Jerusalem will teach the word of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For out of Zion will go the law + +"For the law will go out from Zion." Isaiah speaks as if the law were something like a river that moves without people doing anything. AT: "Those to whom they teach the law will go out from Zion" or "Yahweh will proclaim his law from Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem + +"the word of Yahweh will go out from Jerusalem." Isaiah speaks as if the word of Yahweh were something like a river that moves without people doing anything. You can make clear the understood information. AT: "Those to whom they teach the word of Yahweh will go out from Jerusalem" or "Yahweh will proclaim his word from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/04.md b/isa/02/04.md index b6579e28ea..a67425677e 100644 --- a/isa/02/04.md +++ b/isa/02/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# He will judge -* **He will judge** - "Yahweh will judge" -* **will render decisions** - "will solve disputes" -* **they will hammer their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning-hooks** - hooks** - The people of the nations will turn their weapons of war into tools for farming. -* **they will hammer their swords into plowshares** - A plowshare is a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds there. Alternate translation: “they will make their swords into plow blades" -* **and their spears into pruning-hooks** - hooks** - "they will hammer their spears into pruning hooks." A pruning-hook is a knife that people use to cut off branches from a plant. Alternate translation: “they will make their spears into pruning knives." -* **lift up sword** - Alternate translation: "fight." +"Yahweh will judge" + +# will render decisions + +"will solve disputes" + +# they will hammer their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks + +The people of the nations will turn their weapons of war into tools for farming. + +# swords ... spears ... sword + +These words are synecdoches for weapons of any kind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# plowshares ... pruning hooks + +These words are synecdoches for tools of any kind that people use in peaceful activity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they will hammer their swords into plowshares + +"they will make their swords into tools for planting seeds." A plowshare is a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds there. + +# their spears into pruning hooks + +"they will hammer their spears into pruning hooks" or "they will make their spears into tools for caring for plants." A pruning hook is a knife that people use to cut unwanted branches off of plants. + +# nation will not lift up sword against nation + +"no nation will lift up its sword against another nation." The sword is a metonym for war. AT: "one nation will not fight wars against another nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nor will they train for war + +"nor will they even train to fight wars." The writer expects his reader to believe that those who fight wars train before they fight and that some who train do not fight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/05.md b/isa/02/05.md index 83df1560c8..9e86bc7d3c 100644 --- a/isa/02/05.md +++ b/isa/02/05.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In 2:5 Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah, and in 2:6 he speaks to Yahweh. Both times he speaks in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# House of Jacob -* In 2:5 Isaiah was speaking to the people of Israel. -* In 2:6 Isaiah was speaking to God. -* **O house of Jacob** - "you descendants of Jacob" (UDB) or "You people of Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **For you have abandoned your people** - "For you have rejected your people" or "For you have left your people." Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh. -* **they are filled with customs from the east** - "they act like the people who live in lands east of Israel and do not know God" -* **omen readers** - "sooth sayers" or "diviners." This refers to people who claim to know what will happen the future. -* **and they shake hands with sons of foreigners** - Alternate translation: "they make agreements with people who are not from Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they worship the craftsmanship of their own hands, things that their own fingers have made.** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "they worship things that they themselves have made." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"You descendants of Jacob." The word "house" is a metonym for the people who live in the house, the family. Here "Jacob" represents the nation of Judah, but it would be best to use "Jacob" here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# come + +a gentle encouragement to do what the speaker is about to tell the hearer to do + +# let us walk in the light of Yahweh + +Isaiah speaks of people learning and then doing what Yahweh wants them to do as if they were walking at night with a lamp that Yahweh has provided so they can see the path. AT: "let us learn how Yahweh wants us to live and then live that way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For you have abandoned your people + +"For you have left your people" and do not care what happens to them. Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# they are filled with customs from the east + +Isaiah speaks as if the people were containers who were full of something from the east. Possible meanings are that he speaks of 1) the deeds that the eastern peoples do. AT: "they do all the time the evil things the people who live in lands east of Israel do" or 2) people, specifically those who claim to speak to dead people, who have come from the east to do evil deeds. AT: "many diviners have come from the east and now live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# omen readers + +people who claim that they can tell the future by looking at things like animal parts and leaves + +# they shake hands with sons of foreigners + +Clasping hands together is the symbol of friendship and peace. AT: "they make peace and work together with people who are not from Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/07.md b/isa/02/07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c284509ba7 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/02/07.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + +Isaiah speaks to Yahweh in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Their land is full of silver ... their land also is full of horses ... Their land also is full of idols + +Isaiah speaks as if the land were a container in which someone had placed silver, horses, and idols. The word "land" is a metonym for the people themselves, and the words "is full of" is a metaphor for the people possessing these items. AT: "They possess much silver ... they also possess many horses ... They also possess many idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the craftsmanship of their own hands, things that their own fingers have made + +These two phrases mean almost the same thing and emphasize that these are not real gods. If your language has no general word for something someone has made, you can combine these two phrases into one. AT: "things that they themselves have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# craftsmanship of their own hands + +The word "hands" is a synecdoche for the people themselves. AT: "their own craftsmanship" or "their own work" or "things they have made with their hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# things that their own fingers have made + +The word "fingers" is a synecdoche for the people themselves. AT: "things that they have made with their own fingers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/09.md b/isa/02/09.md index de1e7f5ff8..f9f03cafb9 100644 --- a/isa/02/09.md +++ b/isa/02/09.md @@ -1,22 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +In 2:9 Isaiah finishes speaking to Yahweh. In 2:10-11 Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah. Both times he speaks in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The people will be bowed down, and individuals will fall down -* 11 Isaiah was speaking to the people. -* **The people will be bowed down, and individuals will fall down** - The phrases "the people" and "individuals" used together means "all people." Alternate translation: "Every person will be made to bow down and be humbled." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **therefore do not forgive them** - Here Isaiah is talking to Yahweh. -* **Go into the rocky places** - Here Isaiah is again talking to the people of Judah. -* **hide in the ground** - "hide in the holes in the ground" -* **from the terror of Yahweh** - Alternate translations: "to get away from Yahweh's terrifying presence" or "from Yahweh because you will be extremely afraid of him" -* **the glory of his majesty** - Alternate translation: "his awesome power" or "his great power" -* **The lofty gaze of man will be brought low, and the pride of men will be brought down** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are used for emphasis. This could be translated with an active verb: “He will make every prideful person humble." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Yahweh alone will be exalted** - This can be translated with an active verb: "people will praise only Yahweh." -* **on that day** - This refers to the time when Yahweh will judge all people. Translation alternate: “on the day that Yahweh comes to judge everyone.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here being low to the ground represents people who are completely humiliated because they realize all they trusted in is worthless, and they can do nothing to help themselves. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make the people ashamed, and they will realize that all they trusted in is worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The people + +human beings, as opposed to animals + +# individuals + +"each person" + +# do not raise them up + +The words "raise them up" are a metaphor for Yahweh forgiving the people. AT: "do not forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Go into the rocky places + +Possible meanings are the people should go into 1) caves on steep hillsides or 2) places where there are many large rocks among which to hide. + +# hide in the ground + +Possible meanings are that the people should hide 1) in natural holes in the ground or 2) in pits that they dig in the ground. + +# from the terror of Yahweh + +Here the abstract noun "terror" can be expressed by the verb "terrifying." AT: "to get away from Yahweh's terrifying presence" or "from Yahweh because you will be extremely afraid of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the glory of his majesty + +"the great beauty and power he has as king" or "his royal splendor." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:10](./09.md). + +# The lofty gaze of man will be brought low + +"Yahweh will bring down the lofty gaze of man." A man with a "lofty gaze" is looking above everyone to show them that he is better than they are. Here all people are guilty of thinking they are better than Yahweh, and the way they look at those who worship Yahweh, is a metonym for their pride. AT: "Yahweh will make ashamed all people because they think they are better than he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the pride of men will be brought down + +"The pride of men" is a metonym for proud people, and being "brought down" is a metaphor for being humbled or ashamed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bring down proud men" or "Yahweh will make proud people ashamed of themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh alone will be exalted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will praise only Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on that day + +This is an idiom. AT: "on the day that Yahweh judges everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/12.md b/isa/02/12.md index 1bed260431..fb8f36aa58 100644 --- a/isa/02/12.md +++ b/isa/02/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# who is proud and raised up -* **against everyone who is proud and raised up, and against everyone who arrogant** - The words "proud, "raised up," and "arrogant" all mean the same thing. Alternate translation: "against every person who is proud." -* **and he will be brought down** - "and every proud person will be brought down." This can be translated with an active verb: "Yahweh will humble him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and against the cedars of Lebanon…the oaks of Bashan** - The "day of Yahweh of Hosts" will be against the cedars and oaks. Possible meanings are 1) these trees refer to the proud people that God will judge or 2) God will actually destroy these mighty trees. +One who is "raised up" is proud and considers himself better than other people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "who is proud and who raises himself above other people" or "who is proud and thinks that he is better than other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who is proud ... who is arrogant + +Someone who is arrogant speaks and acts as if he is better than other people. These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# he will be brought down + +"every proud person will be brought down." This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will humble him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# against all the cedars of Lebanon ... against all the oaks of Bashan + +The "day of Yahweh of Hosts" will be against the cedars and oaks. Possible meanings are 1) these trees are a metaphor for the proud people whom God will judge or 2) God will actually destroy these mighty trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/14.md b/isa/02/14.md index ed8bdad417..d17ed5a1ed 100644 --- a/isa/02/14.md +++ b/isa/02/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Tarshish]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# against -* Isaiah continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:02:12]].) -* **and against** - In 2:14-16 Isaiah lists things that God will destroy. Possible meanings are 1) These refer to prideful people that God will humble or 2) God will actually destroy all these things in the list. -* **high mountains...and hills** - People often built their cities on mountains or hills to help protect them from enemies. Also, people believed their false gods lived on mountains and large hills so they would go there to worship. -* **high tower...impregnable wall** - These refer to things built around a city to defend the people living in it from their enemies. -* **ships of Tarshish...beautiful sailing vessels** - These refer to large boats that people used to travele far on the sea and bring back riches to the cities. +In 2:14-16 Isaiah lists things that God will destroy. Possible meanings are 1) these refer to prideful people that God will humble or 2) God will actually destroy all these things in the list. + +# mountains ... hills + +These words are metaphors for the pride of the Israelites. They also appear in [Isaiah 2:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that are lifted up + +This is an idiom. AT: "that are very high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# high tower ... impregnable wall + +These refer to things people would build around their cities so they could defend themselves against their enemies. They are a metaphor for the Israelites' pride and belief that they had no need for Yahweh and could stand against any punishment Yahweh would mete out to them for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# impregnable wall + +"wall that nothing can break down or go through" + +# ships of Tarshish ... beautiful sailing vessels + +These refer to large boats that people used to travel far on the sea and bring back goods to the cities. + +# ships of Tarshish + +"ships on which they go to Tarshish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/17.md b/isa/02/17.md index 01299989a9..df3a86af12 100644 --- a/isa/02/17.md +++ b/isa/02/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:haughty]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The pride of man will be brought low -* Isaiah continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh. -* **The pride of man will be brought low and the haughtiness of men will fall** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are used for emphasis. This could be translated with an active verb: “He will make every prideful person humble." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Yahweh alone will be exalted** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:02:09]]. -* **The idols will completely pass away** - "All idols will disappear" (UDB) or "There will be no more idols" -* **from before the terror of Yahweh, and from the splendor of his majesty** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:isa:02:09]]. -* **when he rises to terrify the earth** - This can be translated as "when Yahweh causes the people of the earth to be terribly afraid of him." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will bring low every proud man" or "He will humiliate every proud man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the haughtiness of men will fall + +The abstract noun "haughtiness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "those people who are haughty will stop being haughty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Yahweh alone will be exalted + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:11](./09.md). AT: "people will praise only Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The idols will completely pass away + +"All idols will disappear" or "There will be no more idols" + +# Men will go ... from the terror + +The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Men will go ... to hide from the terror" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the caves of the rocks + +"the caves in the rocks." These are large rocks, not small stones that can be held in the hand. + +# from the terror of Yahweh, and from the glory of his majesty + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:10](./09.md). + +# from the terror of Yahweh + +because they are very afraid of Yahweh + +# the glory of his majesty + +Here the word "glory" describes "majesty." AT: "the beauty he has as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# when he rises to terrify the earth + +"when Yahweh takes action and causes the people of the earth to be terribly afraid of him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/20.md b/isa/02/20.md index 6fff61e995..c5d221ebe1 100644 --- a/isa/02/20.md +++ b/isa/02/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# to the moles and bats -* Isaiah continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh. -* **to the moles and bats** - Moles are small animals that dig and live underground. Bats are small flying animals that sometimes live in caves. Alternate translation: "to the animals." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **from the terror of Yahweh and from the glory of his majesty** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:isa:02:09]]. -* **when he rises to terrify the earth** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:isa:02:17]]. -* **whose life-breath is in his nostrils** - breath is in his nostrils** - This means that humans are weak. We rely on breathing, and if we do not breathe, we will die. Alternate translation: "who are mortal and will die." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for what does he amount to** - Isaiah uses a question to remind the people of something they should already know. Alternate translation: "Man amounts to nothing!" or "Man is not worth anything" or "How can people help you?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Moles are small animals that dig and live underground. Bats are small flying animals that sometimes live in caves. AT: "to the animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the crevices in the rocks ... the clefts of the ragged rocks + +If your language does not have two different words for "crevice" and "cleft," the space that appears between the two parts of a rock when it splits, you can combine these two phrases into one. + +# from the terror of Yahweh + +because they are very afraid of Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:19](./17.md). + +# the glory of his majesty + +"the great beauty and power he has as king" or "his royal majesty." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:10](./09.md). + +# when he rises to terrify the earth + +"when Yahweh takes action and causes the people of the earth to be terribly afraid of him." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:19](./17.md). + +# whose life-breath is in his nostrils + +This describes how man is human and weak by emphasizing that he needs to breath to live. AT: "who is weak and will die" or "who needs the breath in his nose to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nostrils + +the holes in the nose through which people breathe + +# for what does he amount to? + +Isaiah uses a question to remind the people of something they should already know. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "for man amounts to nothing!" or "for man is not worth anything!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/intro.md b/isa/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc35cb10d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Isaiah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:2-3:26, which is a vision Isaiah receives. These are the words of Yahweh. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Latter days ##### +This is probably a reference to the "last days." This makes parts of this prophecy reference events near the end of this world. Most scholars expect these prophecies to be fulfilled by Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +##### Idolatry ##### +While the first prophecy of Isaiah concerned the lack of justice in Judah, this chapter focuses on the presence of idolatry in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/01.md b/isa/03/01.md index 0d5e3abc69..ded9288300 100644 --- a/isa/03/01.md +++ b/isa/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:citizen]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as "Listen" or "Indeed." -## translationNotes +# support and staff -* **See** - The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as "Listen" or "Indeed." -* **your support and staff** - This can also be translated as "everything that supports you" or “everything that you depend on” (UDB) -* **staff** - "walking stick" -* **the mighty man, the warrior** - This is the beginning of a list of categories of people that others depend on. Since they do not refer to particular individuals, they can also be translated with plural nouns: "the mighty men, the warriors." -* **omen reader** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:isa:02:05]]. -* **the captain of fifty** - "the captain who is in charge of fifty soldiers." This can also be translated as "the army officer" or "the military leader." -* **fifty** - "50" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Both of these words refer to a walking stick, on which someone leans for support. This idea here stands for the things that people need the most in order to live: food and water. AT: "everything that supports you" or "everything that you depend on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mighty man ... the skillful enchanter + +This is a list of categories of people that others depend on. Since they do not refer to particular individuals, they can all be translated with plural nouns as in the UDB. AT: "the mighty men ... the skillful enchanters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# omen reader + +These are people who claim that they can tell the future by looking at things like animal parts and leaves. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:6](../02/05.md). + +# the captain of fifty + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "fifty" represents the exact amount of soldiers that the captain led. AT: "the captains of 50 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "fifty" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a small military unit. AT: "the captain of a small military unit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fifty + +"50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/04.md b/isa/03/04.md index 41167b23fe..604e915acf 100644 --- a/isa/03/04.md +++ b/isa/03/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will place mere youths as their leaders, and the young will rule over them -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) "I will place young people as their leaders, and those young people will rule over them" or 2) "youths" is a metaphor for simple and foolish men. AT: "I will place over them leaders who are immature, like young people, and those bad leaders will rule over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will place mere youths -* **I will place mere youths ** - Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh. This can also be translated as "He will appoint boys" (UDB) or "The Lord says 'I will place mere youths'." -* **I will place mere youths as their leaders, and the young will rule over them** - These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that bad leaders will rule Judah. God was comparing the leaders with "youths" and "the young." This means their leaders would act like children and their bad decisions would cause harm to Judah. This could be translated as "I will allow men who act like children to be their leaders." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The people will be oppressed, every one by another, and every one by his neighbor** - This can be translated with an active verb: "Everyone will be cruel to others and will mistreat his neighbor." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the degraded** - "the people who are without honor" -* **the honorable** - "the people with honor" +Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh. This can also be stated clearly. AT: "Yahweh says, 'I will place mere youths as their leaders'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The people will be oppressed, every one by another, and every one by his neighbor + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone will be cruel to others and will mistreat his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the degraded + +"the people who are without honor" or "the people whom no one respects" + +# the honorable + +"the people with honor" or "the people whom everyone respects" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/06.md b/isa/03/06.md index 7285352c5c..ce7cf48bc7 100644 --- a/isa/03/06.md +++ b/isa/03/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# let this ruin be in your hands -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Here "hands" represents authority. AT: "take charge of this ruin" or "rule over this ruin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# this ruin -* **let this ruin be under your charge** - "Take charge of this ruin" or "Rule over this ruin." -* **this ruin** - This can be translated as "this city, which is now a pile of ruins" (UDB) or "this place that has been destroyed." -* **I will not be a healer** - This can be translated as "No, I cannot fix this problem," or "No, I cannot help you" (UDB). +Possible meanings are 1) many or most of the buildings in the city of Jerusalem were destroyed or 2) the people in Jerusalem have no more prosperity or leadership. AT: "this city, which is now ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will not be a healer + +Solving the people's troubles is spoken of as if it were healing them. AT: "No, I cannot fix this problem" or "No, I cannot help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/08.md b/isa/03/08.md index ee16905c68..e1fb4eb186 100644 --- a/isa/03/08.md +++ b/isa/03/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +The prophet begins to comment on this situation. -## translationNotes +# Jerusalem has stumbled, and Judah has fallen -* **For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah has fallen** - Often in prophecy things that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened. This emphasizes that these things will certainly happen. This can be translated as "For Jerusalem will certainly come to ruin, and Judah will certainly fall" or "God will cause Jerusalem and Judah to be destroyed." -* **The look on their faces witnesses against them** - "The prideful looks on their faces show that they oppose Yahweh." -* **they tell of their sin like Sodom; they do not hide it** - Here God compares the people of Judah with the people of Sodom who were not ashamed of their sin. This could be translated as “like the people of Sodom, they talk about their sins and let everyone see them.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling and falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the eyes of his glory + +Here "the eyes" stands for God himself, who is glorious. AT: "him who is glorious" or "Yahweh who is glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The look on their faces witnesses against them + +Expressions of arrogance on people's faces are spoken of as if the expressions were persons who could testify against the proud people. AT: "The prideful looks on their faces show that they oppose Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they tell of their sin like Sodom; they do not hide it + +Here the people of Judah are said to be like the people of Sodom, because they openly boasted about their sins. AT: "like the people of Sodom, they talk about their sins and let everyone know about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# For they have completed a catastrophe for themselves + +The catastrophe is still coming, but the people have finished doing what will cause it to come. The catastrophe's causes are spoken of here as if they were the catastrophe itself. AT: "For they have done everything that will cause a catastrophe to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/10.md b/isa/03/10.md index db6432dd8e..df27221ac5 100644 --- a/isa/03/10.md +++ b/isa/03/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Tell the righteous person that it will be well -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +"Tell the one who is doing what is right that I will make things good for him" -## translationNotes +# the righteous person -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **Tell the righteous that it will be well with him** - "Tell those who are doing what is right that I will make things good for them" -* **for they will eat the fruit of their deeds** - "for they will receive their reward for their good deeds" or "for they will receive their reward for the good things they have done." -* **for what his hands have dealt out he will receive** - "for what the wicked person has done to others will be done to him." -* **children are their oppressors** - Possible meanings are 1) "Young people have become their leaders and they oppress the people" or 2) "Their leaders are immature like children and oppress the people." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **women rule over them** - Possible meanings are 1) "women rule over the people" or 2) "their leaders are weak like women." -* **your leaders lead you astray and confuse the direction of your path** - This compares Judah's leaders to shepherds. As shepherds lead the sheep along good paths to safety, leaders should teach the people the truth and help them do what is right. Judah's leaders were not doing this. Alternate translation: "your leaders are like bad shepherds who lead you away from good paths and do not show you where to go." +This refers to righteous people in general. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# for they will eat the fruit of their deeds + +Deeds are spoken of as if they were trees giving fruit that can be eaten. The fruit stands for the reward for doing good deeds. AT: "for they will receive their reward for their good deeds" or "for they will receive their reward for the good things they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will eat the fruit of their deeds + +The Hebrew text has these plural pronouns here, but they refer to any righteous person. Translators can choose to translate them as singular: "he will eat the fruit of his deeds." + +# for the recompense of his hands will be done to him + +Here "hands" stands for the deeds that the person has done. AT: "for what the wicked person has done to others will be done to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My people ... My people + +Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is talking and "My" refers to Isaiah, or 2) Yahweh is talking and "My" refers to Yahweh. + +# children are their oppressors + +Possible meanings are 1) "young people have become their leaders and they oppress the people" or 2) "their leaders are immature like children and oppress the people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# women rule over them + +Possible meanings are 1) "women rule over the people" or 2) "their leaders are weak like women." + +# those who guide you lead you astray and confuse the direction of your path + +It was common in the Ancient Middle East to speak of a nation's leaders as if they were shepherds. As shepherds lead the sheep along good paths to safety, leaders should teach the people the truth and help them do what is right. Judah's leaders were not doing this. AT: "your leaders are like bad shepherds who lead you away from good paths and do not show you where to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/13.md b/isa/03/13.md index e47acd5613..ddebb071c8 100644 --- a/isa/03/13.md +++ b/isa/03/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh stands up for an accusation; he is standing to accuse the people -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Isaiah speaks of Yahweh's decision to harm the people as if Yahweh were bringing a legal accusation in a courtroom against the people of Israel. The second part of this line means the same thing as the first part, but it says it a little more completely. AT: "It is as though Yahweh had taken his place in a courtroom and were ready to accuse the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# will come with judgment -* **will pronounce judgment** - "will announce his judgment" or "will declare his judgment" -* **on the officials** - "on the leaders" or "on the rulers" -* **You have eaten up the vineyard** - Here "you" refers to the elders and rulers. Yahweh is comparing his people to a vineyard. Like someone who takes all the fruit from a vineyard, the elders and leaders are taking everything the people of Judah have. Alternate translation: "my people are like a vineyard and you have selfishly taken all of its fruit. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the plunder from the poor** - "the things you have taken from those who are poor" -* **Why do you crush my people and grind the faces of the poor?** - The Lord uses a question to scold the elders and leaders for being cruel to his people. Alternate translation: "How dare you hurt my people and take everything from them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Judgment is spoken of as if it were an object that one could bring to another person. AT: "will announce his judgment" or "will declare his judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have ruined the vineyard + +Here "you" refers to the elders and rulers. Yahweh is speaking of his people as if they were a vineyard. Like someone who fails to care for a vineyard so that the vines give no more grapes, the elders and leaders are discouraging the Israelites from serving God. AT: "My people are like a vineyard, and you have ruined it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the plunder from the poor is in your houses + +"the things you have taken from the poor are in your houses" + +# the poor + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "those who are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Why do you crush my people and grind the faces of the poor? + +Yahweh asks this question in order to accuse the leaders of the people. This accusation can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I am angry with you evil men because you are crushing my people and grinding the faces of the poor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# crush my people + +Making people suffer is spoken of as if it were crushing them with a very heavy weight. AT: "cruelly harm my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# grind the faces of the poor + +Making people suffer is spoken of as if it were rubbing their faces into the ground. AT: "harm the poor and make them suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/16.md b/isa/03/16.md index afa7d44cab..12c70fbfa3 100644 --- a/isa/03/16.md +++ b/isa/03/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the daughters of Zion -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Zion, meaning here the city of Jerusalem, is spoken of as if it were a woman with her daughters. AT: "the women of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# with their heads high -* **with their heads high** - This means "in an arrogant way." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **flirt with their eyes** - "try to impress men with the way they look at them" -* **mincing along as they go** - "taking very small steps as they walk" -* **and making a tinkling with their feet** - "so the bracelets on their anklets jingle" or "so the bells on their ankles make a noise." Translators may add a footnote that says "The women did this in order to get people's attention." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the Lord will form** - Since Yahweh is speaking, this can also be translated as "I, the Lord, will form." -* **Yahweh will make them bald** - Since Yahweh is speaking, this can be translated as "I, Yahweh, will make them bald." +This means in an arrogant way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# flirt with their eyes + +Here "their eyes" represents how the women look at men. AT: "try to impress men with the way they look at them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# mincing along as they go + +"taking very small steps as they walk" + +# and making a tinkling with their feet + +"so the bracelets on their ankles jingle" or "so the bells on their ankles make a noise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/18.md b/isa/03/18.md index 3f9f101b4a..f56d561963 100644 --- a/isa/03/18.md +++ b/isa/03/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +This continues to describe how Yahweh will judge the women of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# the Lord will remove -* This continues to describe how Yahweh will judge the women of Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **ankle jewelry** - a decoration that is worn on the ankle, just above the foot -* **head bands** - a decoration that is worn over the head and hair -* **crescent ornaments** - jewelry that is worn in the belief that it will protect the person from evil -* **the ear pendants** - jewelry that hangs from the ear or over the ear -* **bracelets** - a decoration that is worn on the arm near the hands -* **veils** - a very thin material used to cover a woman's head and face -* **headties** - a long, thin piece of cloth that is tied around the head or hair -* **ankle chains** - a decoration that is worn near the feet. Often the chains hung down to make a gentle noise. -* **sashes** - a piece of cloth that is worn around the waist or across the chest -* **perfume boxes** - a small box or bag that was worn around the neck. It had perfume in that smelled nice. -* **lucky charms** - jewelry that is worn in the belief that it will bring good luck +Here what the Lord causes others to do is spoken of as the Lord doing it himself. AT: "the Lord will cause others to remove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# ankle jewelry + +a decoration that women wear on the ankle, just above the foot + +# head bands + +a decoration that women wear over the head and hair + +# crescent ornaments + +moon-shaped ornaments that people wear in the belief that they will protect the person from evil + +# ear pendants + +jewelry that hangs from the ear or over the ear + +# bracelets + +a decoration that women wear on the arm near the hands + +# veils + +a very thin material used to cover a woman's head and face + +# headscarves + +long, thin pieces of cloth that women tie around the head or hair + +# ankle chains + +These are decorations that women wear near the feet. Often the chains hang down to make a gentle noise. + +# sashes + +a piece of cloth that people wear around the waist or across the chest + +# perfume boxes + +a small box or bag containing perfume that women wore on chains or strings around their necks so they smelled good + +# lucky charms + +jewelry that people wear in the belief that it will bring good luck \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/21.md b/isa/03/21.md index 97f0a0cb11..aead92979f 100644 --- a/isa/03/21.md +++ b/isa/03/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# rings -* [[en:tw:robe]] +a decoration worn around the finger -## translationNotes +# nose jewels -* This continues to describe how Yahweh will judge the women of Judah. -* **rings** - a decoration worn around the finger -* **nose jewels** - a decoration worn in or through the nose -* **festive robes** - a long, loose garment with decorations that was worn over other clothes for everyone to see -* **mantles** - a cloth worn over the shoulders on the outside of the clothes -* **veils** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:03:18]]. -* **handbags** - a bag to used to carry small things -* **hand mirrors** - a small surface, held in one's hand and used to see oneself -* **fine linen** - a soft cloth worn by rich people -* **head pieces** - a cloth or small hat worn over the hair -* **wraps** - a decorative cloth that a woman would wrap around herself to make her beautiful +a decoration worn in or through the nose + +# festive robes + +a long, loose garment with decorations that was worn over other clothes for everyone to see + +# mantles + +a cloth worn over the shoulders on the outside of the clothes + +# veils + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 3:19](./18.md). + +# handbags + +a bag to used to carry small things + +# hand mirrors + +a small surface, held in one's hand and used to see oneself + +# fine linen + +a soft cloth worn by rich people + +# head pieces + +a cloth or small hat worn over the hair + +# wraps + +a decorative cloth that a woman would wrap around herself to make her beautiful \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/24.md b/isa/03/24.md index 62fbd6bb77..3e0c017dbc 100644 --- a/isa/03/24.md +++ b/isa/03/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# sash -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +a piece of cloth that people wear around the waist or across the chest. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 3:20](./18.md). -## translationNotes +# a rope -* This continues to describe how Yahweh will judge the women of Judah. -* **perfume…sash** - See how these were translated in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:03:18]] -* **a rope** - This may refer to enemies capturing the people of Judah. -* **well-coiffed hair, baldness** - coiffed hair, baldness** - "pretty hair, their heads will be bald" -* **Your men will fall by the sword, and your strong men in war** - "Enemies will kill your husbands and soldiers in battle." -* **Jerusalem's gates will lament and mourn** - Alternate translation: "The people of Jerusalem will sit at the city gates and cry and mourn." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **she will be alone and sit upon the ground** - Possible meanings are 1) "The city will be like a woman who sits on the ground because all her friends have deserted her" (See: UDB and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) or 2) "the people of Jerusalem will sit on the ground with no one to help them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This may refer to a rope that enemies would tie on the people of Judah when they captured them. Or it might mean that Jerusalem's women would have nothing to wear but rough clothing secured with ropes. + +# well-arranged hair, baldness + +"pretty hair, their heads will be bald" + +# Your men will fall by the sword, and your strong men will fall in war + +Falling represents being killed, and the sword represents battle. AT: "Your men will be killed in battle, and your strong men will be killed in war" or "Enemies will kill your soldiers in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jerusalem's gates will lament and mourn + +Here the city gates represent the people who sit at the public places near the city gates. AT: "The people of Jerusalem will sit at the city gates and cry and mourn" (See:- [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# she will be alone and sit upon the ground + +Isaiah speaks of the people of Jerusalem, whom no one will save from their enemies, as if they were the city itself and as if they were a woman who sits on the ground because all her friends have deserted her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/intro.md b/isa/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5ff2e127d --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Isaiah 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter. Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:2-3:26, which is a vision Isaiah receives. These are the words of Yahweh. + +##### Judgment ##### +This chapter is structured as a judgment against the Jews. God is acting as a judge reading the list of convictions against them and then he reads the judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exile ##### +While the previous part of the prophecy in chapter 2 discussed the last days, this part of the prophecy predicts the exile of Judah to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/04/01.md b/isa/04/01.md index cdd00d9f02..e16bc17cd8 100644 --- a/isa/04/01.md +++ b/isa/04/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# let us take your name -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase means "let us marry you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the branch of Yahweh will be beautiful -* **let us take your name** - This phrase means "let us marry you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the branch of Yahweh** - Here the word "branch" or "sprout" refers to something new that grows. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the people of Israel (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) or 2) this refers to the Messiah or 3) this refers to ordinary crops. -* **will be beautiful and glorious** - "will be full of beauty and glory" -* **and the fruit of the land will be tasty and delightful for those survivors in Israel** - "and the people who are still in Israel will enjoy the best food from the land." Possible meanings are 1) God will cause the land to produce good food again or 2) The Messiah will bring spiritual blessings to the people in the land. +Possible meanings are 1) "branch" is a synecdoche that represents the crops Yahweh will cause to grow in the land of Israel. AT: "Yahweh will cause the crops in Israel to be beautiful" or 2) "branch" is a metaphor that refers to the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be beautiful and glorious + +"will be full of beauty and glory" + +# the fruit of the land will be tasty and delightful for those survivors in Israel + +"Fruit" sometimes simply represents food produced in the land, and sometimes it represents spiritual blessings. Possible meanings here are 1) God will cause the land to produce good food again. AT: "the people who are still in Israel will enjoy the best food from the land" or 2) the future Messiah will bring spiritual blessings to the people in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/04/03.md b/isa/04/03.md index f0b1c7d83a..044bfc4f78 100644 --- a/isa/04/03.md +++ b/isa/04/03.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who is left in Zion and the one who remains in Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here "the one who" does not refer to a specific person but to people in general who are still alive in Jerusalem. AT: "everyone who remains in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# will be called holy -* **he who is left in Zion, and he who remains in Jerusalem** - The Hebrews often repeated things in different words as a way of emphasis. Alternate translation: "whoever remains in Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **will be called holy** - This can be translated with an active clause: "the Lord will call them holy" or "will belong to the Lord" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **every one who is recorded as living in Jerusalem** - "every one whose name is written in the list of the people who live in Jerusalem" -* **when the Lord will have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion** - This compares removing sin with washing away filth. Alternate translation "after the Lord removes the sins of the daughters of Zion as somone washes away filth." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the daughters of Zion** - Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) the people of Jerusalem. -* **and will have cleansed the blood stains from Jerusalem's midst** - Blood stains refer to violence and murder. It can be translated as "and will have taken away those in Jerusalem who harm innocent people." -* **by the spirit of justice by the spirit of burning fire** - This is how God would remove the sin from Jerusalem. -* **by the spirit of justice** - Alternate translation: "by judging the people" -* **by the spirit of burning fire** - Fire is often a symbol of severe punishment. Alternate translation: "by burning them with fire" or "by severely punishing them as if with fire" or "by destroying the city with fire." -* **a canopy over all the glory** - "a glorious cover over the entire city" -* **canopy** - a cloth that is hung over something to cover it. It protects what is below it from what is above it. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Lord will call them holy" or "will belong to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everyone who is written down as living in Jerusalem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone whose name is on the list of the people who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when the Lord will have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion + +This expression speaks of sin as if it were physical dirt. AT: "after the Lord removes the sins of the daughters of Zion as someone washes away filth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the daughters of Zion + +Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) the people of Jerusalem. + +# will have cleansed the blood stains from Jerusalem's midst + +"Blood stains" here represents violence and murder. AT: "will have taken away those in Jerusalem who harm innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# by means of the spirit of judgment and the spirit of flaming fire + +This is how God would remove the sin from Jerusalem. Here "spirit" probably represents the activity of judging and burning. AT: "by judgment and flaming fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spirit of judgment + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will punish the people or 2) Yahweh will declare the people guilty. + +# the spirit of flaming fire + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will remove sinners from Zion like a fire removes impurities or 2) "flaming fire" is a metonym that represents the destruction in general of all the sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/04/05.md b/isa/04/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fdf0c44820 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/04/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# a canopy over all the glory + +Possible meanings are 1) a canopy for protecting the glorious city, or 2) a canopy consisting of God's glory that will protect the city. If the first meaning is followed, then it may further mean that the city is glorious because Yahweh is present in it. + +# canopy + +This is a cloth that is hung over something to cover it for protecton. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/04/intro.md b/isa/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7fd671c0ae --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Isaiah 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### More women than men ##### +This chapter describes a time when there will be many more women than men in Judah. This is because so many of Judah's fighting men will have died before the exile. Those who come through this difficult time will be a holy remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Branch of Yahweh ##### +Scholars are divided over the possible meaning of this metaphor. Some believe it is a reference to the messiah, while others believe it is a reference to the faithful remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/01.md b/isa/05/01.md index 49bf5eef9e..1042d4ce16 100644 --- a/isa/05/01.md +++ b/isa/05/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] +Isaiah tells a parable about a farmer and his vineyard. The farmer represents God and the vineyard represents the people of Judah, the southern kingdom of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# my well beloved -* Isaiah tells a story about a farmer and his vineyard. The farmer represents God and the vineyard represents Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) -* **Let me sing for my well beloved** - "Let me sing for the one I love dearly." -* **on a very fertile hill** - "on a hill that had good soil" -* **He spaded it and removed the stones** - The word "spaded" refers to using a tool to dig into the dirt to prepare it for planting. This can be translated as "He prepared the soil and took out the stones."​ -* **choicest vine** - "best vine" or "strongest vine" -* **He built a tower in the middle of it** - “He made a tall building in the middle of the vineyard to watch over it.” Someone would stand near the top of the tower to watch the vineyard and make sure that no animals or people went into it. -* **built a winepress** - A "winepress" is a place where the workers would step on the grapes to crush the juice out of them. This can be translated as "dug a pit to squeeze out the grape juice." -* **wild grapes** - "worthless grapes" or "bad tasting grapes" +"my dear friend" + +# on a very fertile hill + +"on a hill where very good crops could grow" + +# He spaded it + +"He prepared the soil." This expresson refers to using a tool to dig into the ground to prepare it for planting. + +# He built a tower in the middle of it + +"He made a tall building in the middle of the vineyard to watch over it." Someone would stand at the top of the tower to watch the vineyard and make sure that no animals or people went into it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# built a winepress + +"dug a pit to squeeze out the grape juice." A winepress is a low place carved out of rock in the ground where workers step on the grapes to crush them with their feet, in order to remove the grape juice. + +# wild grapes + +"worthless grapes" or "bad tasting grapes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/03.md b/isa/05/03.md index 6a165d0b5b..a820ec2516 100644 --- a/isa/05/03.md +++ b/isa/05/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +In Isaiah's parable of the vineyard, the owner of the vineyard, who represents God, speaks to the people of Jerusalem and Judah about his vineyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# inhabitant of Jerusalem and man of Judah -* This continues the parable about the vineyard that Isaiah began in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:01]]. The one who planted the vineyard is speaking. -* **O inhabitants of Jerusalem and men of Judah** - "You who live in Jerusalem and Judah" -* **judge between me and my vineyard** - "decide between me and my vineyard who is right" -* **What more could have been done for my vineyard, that I have not done for it** - Yahweh uses this question to scold the people of Jerusalem and Judah. Alternate translation: “I have done all that I could do for my vineyard.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **When I looked for it to bring forth good grapes, why did it produce wild grapes** - Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Jerusalem and Judah. Alternate translation: “I wanted it to make good grapes, but it only produced worthless grapes.” +These expressions refer in general to all people living in Jerusalem and Judah, so they can be translated with plural nouns. AT: "all of you who live in Jerusalem and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# Jerusalem ... Judah + +"Judah" was the name of the southern kingdom of Israelites, and Jerusalem was the capital city. + +# judge between me and my vineyard + +The idea of a space separating two things is often used to express the idea of choosing one or the other of those things. AT: "decide who has acted right, I or my vineyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What more could have been done for my vineyard, that I have not done for it? + +The owner uses this question to make a statement about his vineyard. This rhetorical questions can be translated as a stataement. AT: "I have done all that I could do for my vineyard!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# When I looked for it to produce grapes, why did it produce wild grapes? + +The owner uses a question to say that his vineyard should have produced good grapes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I wanted it to make good grapes, but it only produced worthless grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/05.md b/isa/05/05.md index 6406b905ca..72bc13d124 100644 --- a/isa/05/05.md +++ b/isa/05/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +In Isaiah's parable, the owner of the vineyard continues to talk about his vineyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# remove the hedge -* Yahweh continues the parable about the vineyard. -* **remove the hedge** - A hedge refers to bushes or small trees planted around the vineyard to protect it. Here it may refer to the thorns that grew on the stone wall. Alternate translation: “take away the border.” -* **a pasture** - This is a grassy place where animals are kept. Alternate translation: "I will allow animals to go there and eat." -* **and it will be trampled on** - This can be translated with an active verb: "and animals will trample on it." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I will lay it waste** - “I will make the ground useless" -* **it will not be pruned nor hoed** - This can be translated with active verbs: "No one will prune it or hoe it" or "no one will cut off the branches that are not needed and no one will take care of the soil." +"take away the border of bushes." A hedge is a row of bushes or small trees that have been planted in order to protect a garden or some other kind of area. Here "hedge" probably refers to the thorn bushes that were planted to grow on the stone wall surrounding the vineyard. + +# I will turn it into a pasture + +"I will allow animals to go there and eat." This is a grassy place where animals feed. + +# it will be trampled down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "animals will trample it down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will lay it waste + +"I will destroy it" + +# it will not be pruned nor hoed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will prune it or hoe it" or "no one will cut off the branches that are not needed, and no one will take care of the soil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# briers and thorns will spring up + +Briers and thorns are often used as symbols of ruined cities and land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/07.md b/isa/05/07.md index d2aafda25e..aa92366703 100644 --- a/isa/05/07.md +++ b/isa/05/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Isaiah explains the parable of the vineyard. -## translationNotes +# For the vineyard of Yahweh of hosts is the house of Israel -* Isaiah explains the parable he just told. -* **For the vineyard of Yahweh of Hosts is the house of Israel** - "For the vineyard of Yahweh of Hosts represents the house of Israel" or "The people of Israel are like the vineyard of Yahweh, Lord of the angel armies." -* **the men of Judah his pleasant planting** - Alternate translation: "the people of Judah are like the vines the farmer cared for." -* **he waited for justice, but instead, there was killing** - "Yahweh waited for the people to do what is fair, but instead they killed one another" -* **for righteousness** - The phrase "he waited" is left out but it is understood. "He waited for righteousness" or "He waited for them to do what is right." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **instead, a cry for help** - "instead, there was a cry for help." The reason people cried out for help can be made explicit: "instead those who were weak cried out to him for because others were attacking them." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). +Isaiah states that the vineyard in the parable represents the people of Israel. AT: "For the vineyard of Yahweh of hosts represents the house of Israel" or "The people of Israel are like the vineyard of Yahweh, Lord of the angel armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the man of Judah his pleasant planting + +The people of Judah are spoken of as if they are a vine that Yahweh planted. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "the people of Judah are like a vine that that Yahweh planted for Yahweh's pleasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the man of Judah + +Here "man" represents all the people of Judah. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# he waited for justice, but instead, there was killing + +This can be changed so that the abstract noun "justice" can be expressed by the verb "do what is fair." The abstract noun "killing" can be expressed as "killed one another." AT: "Yahweh waited for the people to do what is fair, but instead they killed one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for righteousness + +The phrase "he waited" is left out but it is understood. This understood information can be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "He waited for righteousness" or "He waited for them to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# instead, a shout for help + +"instead, there was a shout for help." The reason people shouted out for help can be made explicit. AT: "instead, those who were weak shouted out for someone to help them because others were attacking them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +# a shout + +This expression probably stands for many shouts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/08.md b/isa/05/08.md index 9d5061825a..279894bc95 100644 --- a/isa/05/08.md +++ b/isa/05/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Isaiah announces God's judgment. -## translationNotes +# to those who join house to house, who join field to field -* Isaiah announces God's judgment. -* **to those who join house to house, who join field to field** - "to those who take more and more houses, and who take more and more fields" -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **without inhabitant** - "without anyone living in it" -* **four hectares** - This is the amount of land that ten teams of oxen could plow in one day. (Each team would have two oxen.) -* **one bath** - "one bath of wine" or "22 liters of wine" (UDB). (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **one homer of seed will yield only an ephah** - "220 liters of seed will produce only 22 liters of grain." One homer equals ten ephahs. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"to those who take more and more houses, and who take more and more fields." Isaiah assumes that his audience knows that the law forbids someone from taking land from a family permanently. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# without any inhabitant + +"without anyone living in it" + +# a ten-yoke vineyard + +The size of the vineyard is represented by the number of pairs of oxen that could plow it in one day. Each pair of oxen would be connected by a yoke. AT: "a vineyard that is large enough for ten pairs of oxen to plow it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# one bath + +"one bath of wine" or "22 liters of wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# one homer of seed will yield only an ephah + +"220 liters of seed will produce only 22 liters of grain." One homer equals ten ephahs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/11.md b/isa/05/11.md index 7a9db84dbb..4be9b54edb 100644 --- a/isa/05/11.md +++ b/isa/05/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# those who rise up early in the morning ... who linger late into the night -* [[en:tw:banquet]] -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to people who do nothing all day but drink alcoholic drinks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# until wine inflames them -* **until wine inflames them** - Alternate translation: "until they are drunk with wine." -* **tambourine** - a small musical instrument that a person shakes with their hand -* **the doings of his hands** - "what he has done" or "what he has created" +Here the power of wine to make its drinkers drunk is spoken of as if it were inflaming them, that is, setting them on fire. AT: "until they are drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# harp, lute, tambourine, flute, and wine + +These musical instruments and the wine imply that the people enjoying these things are celebrating very much. + +# tambourine + +A musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be beaten with the hand. It probably had pieces of metal around the side that sounded when the player shook it. The tambourine was small enough for the player to hold it and shake it with one hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# considered + +"thought seriously about" + +# the doings of his hands + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "doings" is expressed as the verb "done" or "created." AT: "what he has done" or "what he has created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the doings of his hands + +Here the metonym "hands" represents the person who has done something. AT: "what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/13.md b/isa/05/13.md index ab4759b473..95bf091364 100644 --- a/isa/05/13.md +++ b/isa/05/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +These verses tell what will happen to the people because they have disobeyed God. -## translationNotes +# my people have gone into captivity -* **my people have gone into captivity** - In prophecy things that will happen in the future are described as something in the past. This emphasizes that the prophecy will certainly come true. Alternate translation: "enemies from other countries will take my people, Israel, as slaves." -* **for lack of understanding** - What they do not understand can be made explicit: "because they do not understand Yahweh or his law" -* **their masses** - "their common people" -* **death has made its appetite greater and has opened its mouth very wide** - This phrase compares death to an animal that is ready to eat other animals. It emphasizes that many, many people will die. Alternate translation: "Death is like a hungry animal that has opened its mouth wide to eat up many people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **their elite, the people, their leaders, and the revelers and those who are happy among them, descend into Sheol.** - "Many people of Israel, their important people and common people, their leaders and those who enjoy wild parties, will go into Sheol." +In prophecy things that will happen in the future are often referred to as if they had already happened. This emphasizes that the prophecy will certainly come true. AT: "enemies from other countries will take my people, Israel, as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# for lack of understanding + +What they do not understand can be made explicit. AT: "because they do not understand Yahweh or his law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Sheol has made its appetite greater and has opened its mouth very wide + +This phrase speaks of Sheol, which stands here for the grave, to an animal that is ready to eat other animals. It implies that many, many people will die. AT: "death is like a hungry animal that has opened its mouth wide to eat up many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their elite, the people, their leaders, and the revelers and those who are happy among them, descend into Sheol + +The prophet speaks of the future as if it were happening now. AT: "Many people of Israel, their important people and common people, their leaders and those who enjoy wild parties, will go into Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/15.md b/isa/05/15.md index b6856029d6..0f8900cafa 100644 --- a/isa/05/15.md +++ b/isa/05/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Man will be forced to bend down, and mankind will be humbled -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The phrases used together mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:9](../02/09.md). AT: "God will make every person bow down and be humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Man will be forced to bend down, and mankind will be humbled -* **Man is brought down and the great man is humbled** - "people are humbled, and the important person is humbled." This can be expressed with active verbs: "Yahweh will humble people and will make the important people humble." -* **the eyes of the lofty are cast down** - "the eyes of proud people are looking down." Alternate translation: "people who were proud are now ashamed." -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **Yahweh of Hosts is exalted in his justice** - "People will praise Yahweh of Hosts because he is just" -* **God the Holy One is recognized by his righteous dealings** - Alternate translation: "people will know that God is the Holy One because what he does is right" -* **the ruins of the rich people** - "the riches people's houses that have been destroyed" -* **lambs will graze** - "lambs will eat grass" +Future events are spoken of as if they have already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# Man will be forced to bend down + +Bending down often symbolizes being humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the eyes of the lofty will be cast down + +Looking down is often a sign of being ashamed. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:11](../02/09.md). AT: "the eyes of proud people will look down in shame" or "people who were proud are now ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the lofty + +Here proud, arrogant people are spoken of as if they are high above other people. AT: "proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts will be exalted in his justice + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will praise Yahweh of hosts because he is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# will be exalted + +Being honored is spoken of as if it were being lifted high. AT: "will be greatly honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sheep will feed as in their own pasture + +Yahweh will destroy the city of Jerusalem, which was called a "vineyard" in [Isaiah 5:1](./01.md). It will become good for nothing except for sheep to eat grass there. + +# graze + +eat grass + +# in the ruins, lambs will graze as foreigners + +That is, the lambs will graze there. The land will be worthless for any other use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/18.md b/isa/05/18.md index 4faa1472ad..aa5b31c94c 100644 --- a/isa/05/18.md +++ b/isa/05/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Woe to those who pull along iniquity with useless cords and who pull along sin as if it were with a cart rope -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +These phrases mean basically the same thing. They speak of people who continue to sin on purpose as if they were using all their strength to pull a heavy cart along. God will punish them for their sin. AT: "Woe to those who work hard to sin as a person who drags a cart by a rope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# those who say -* **to those who pull along iniquity with cords of emptiness and who pull along sin with a cart rope** - These phrases mean basically the same thing. They compare people who continue to sin on purpose to a person who uses all his strength to keep pull a heavy cart along. The word "emptiness" means it is all in vain. God will judge them and they will not benefit from their sin. Alternate translation: "to those who work hard to sin like a person who drags a cart by a rope." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **those who say** - This refers to those who continue to sin and then challenge God to stop them. Alternate translation: "those who challenge God and say" -* **let the plans of the Holy One of Israel take shape and come** - "let the Holy One of Israel accomplish his plans" -* **the Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated "the Holy One" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:15]]. +This refers to those who continue to sin (verse 18) and then mockingly challenge God to stop them. AT: "those mockers who say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# let the plans of the Holy One of Israel come + +God's plans are spoken of as if they were objects that could come by themselves. AT: "let the Holy One of Israel accomplish his plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Holy One of Israel + +Translate "the Holy One" as in [Isaiah 5:16](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/20.md b/isa/05/20.md index 0dda16380e..a23cfd2b9e 100644 --- a/isa/05/20.md +++ b/isa/05/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who represent darkness as light, and light as darkness ... bitter as sweet, and sweet as bitter -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Those who do these things are the same as those "who call evil good, and good evil." These things are opposites and people know the difference between them, but some people lie and say that bad things are good. AT: "They are like people who call darkness light and light darkness. They are like people who call bitter things sweet and sweet things bitter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to those who are wise in their own eyes -* **who represent darkness as light, and light as darkness ...bitter as sweet, and sweet as bitter** - These mean the same as "who call evil good, and good evil." These things are opposites and people know the difference between them, but some people lie and say that bad things are good. Alternate translation: "They are like people who call darkness light and light darkness. They are like people who call bitter things sweet and sweet things bitter." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **to those who are wise in their own eyes** - Here "eyes" refers to their thoughts. Alternate translation: "to those who consider themselves to be wise." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and prudent in their own understanding** - "and think they understand everything" +Here the metonym "eyes" refers to their thoughts. AT: "to those who consider themselves to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prudent in their own understanding + +"think they understand everything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/22.md b/isa/05/22.md index 4145b641ca..a98681c8fa 100644 --- a/isa/05/22.md +++ b/isa/05/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who acquit the wicked for payment -* [[en:tw:acquit]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +This passage is speaking about corrupt judges in courts of law. -## translationNotes +# acquit the wicked -* **who acquit the wicked for payment** - "who, for enough money, will say that a wicked person is not guilty" or "who allow someone to pay him money so that he will lie and say that a wicked per son is not guilty." -* **and deprive the innocent of his rights** - "and who do not treat innocent people fairly" +"declare guilty people innocent" + +# deprive the innocent of his rights + +"do not treat innocent people fairly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/24.md b/isa/05/24.md index 336220b6da..09e712efa9 100644 --- a/isa/05/24.md +++ b/isa/05/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# tongue of fire -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"flame of fire" or "flame" -## translationNotes +# as the tongue of fire devours stubble, and as the dry grass goes down in flame -* **tongue of fire** - "flame of fire" or "flame" -* **as the tongue of fire devours stubble, and as the dry grass goes down in flame** - These phrases mean basically the same thing. God will punish the people described in 5:18-23 as a fire that completely and easily burns up dead grass. Alternate translation: "as a fire burns up stubble and grass" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **stubble** - "dry grain stalks." This refers to the part of the plant that is left in the garden to die after the farmer collects the food. -* **their root will rot, and their blossom will blow away like dust** - Isaiah compares those people to a dying plant. Alternate translation: "they will die like a plant whose roots have rotted and whose blossom has dried up and blown away in the wind" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These phrases mean basically the same thing. God will punish the people described in [Isaiah 5:18-23](./18.md). AT: "as a fire burns up stubble and grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# stubble + +"dry grain stalks." This refers to the part of the plant that is left in the field to die after the farmer collects the food. + +# their root will rot, and their blossom will blow away like dust + +Isaiah speaks of these people as if they were a dying plant. AT: "they will die like a plant whose roots have rotted and whose blossom has dried up and blown away in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/25.md b/isa/05/25.md index 5eecf36511..d638e2e8ae 100644 --- a/isa/05/25.md +++ b/isa/05/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the anger of Yahweh is kindled -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah speaks of Yahweh's anger as if it were a fire. AT: "Yahweh is very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He has reached out with his hand against them and has punished them -* **he has stretched out his hand against them and has struck them** - In prophecy something that will happen in the future is described as something in the past. This emphases that the prophecy certainly will happen. Alternate translation: "he will strike them with his powerful hand." -* **corpses** - "dead bodies" -* **their corpses are like garbage in the streets** - Isaiah compares their dead bodies to garbage. This emphasizes that many will die but no one will be there to bury them. Their bodies will be left to rot in the streets. The word "garbage" can also be translated as "refuse" or "manure." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The prophet speaks of the future as if it had already happened. He does this to insist that the prophecy certainly will come about. AT: "he will punish them with his powerful hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# has reached out with his hand against them + +Here "hand" refers to God's power and control. AT: "has shown his power against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# corpses + +"dead bodies" + +# their corpses are like garbage in the streets + +The dead bodies are allowed to lie in the streets as if they were garbage. This implies that many will die but that no one will be there to bury them. The word "garbage" can also be translated as "refuse" or "manure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand + +"Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand" + +# his hand is still stretched out + +Here "hand" represents God's power and control. Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. AT: "he will still be ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/26.md b/isa/05/26.md index 6a516504be..4be86eb742 100644 --- a/isa/05/26.md +++ b/isa/05/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He will lift up a signal flag for far away nations and will whistle for those at the end of the earth -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Isaiah says the same thing in two different ways. God causing the armies of nations that are far away from Judah to come and attack is spoken of as if he would raise a flag and whistle to call them to Judah AT: "He will call for the armies of nations that are far away from Judah and tell them to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# whistle -* **He will lift up a signal flag for a far away nation and will whistle for them from the end of the earth** - Isaiah says the same thing in two different ways to emphasize that God will use another nation to punish his people. Alternate translation: "He will call for the army of a nation that is far away from Judah and tell them to come." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They will come** - "The enemy army will come" -* **speedily and promptly** - These words mean basically the same thing and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: "very quickly." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +a loud, high pitched noise a person makes with their mouth to call a person or animal that is far away + +# they will come + +"the enemy army will come" + +# speedily and promptly + +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how quickly they will come. AT: "very quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/27.md b/isa/05/27.md index 63792bbd3c..833b3b889f 100644 --- a/isa/05/27.md +++ b/isa/05/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah. He describes it as if it were already existing. (See: [Isaiah 5:26](./26.md)) -## translationNotes +# tire ... stumble ... slumbers ... sleeps -* Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:26]]) -* **None tire or stumble among them** - "None of their soldiers get tired or fall" -* **nor will their belt be loose** - The soldiers kept their robes tight so it would easier to move and fight. -* **the thong of their sandals** - "the strap of their sandals" -* **their horses' hooves are like flint** - Isaiah compares the hard part of a horse's foot to a hard stone which can cause a spark when struck. Alternate translation: "their horses' hooves are hard as stone." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and their chariot wheels like storms** - Isaiah compares the chariot wheels to a storm to emphasize how quickly they are moving. Alternate translation: "and the wheels of the chariots will spin like a windstorm." +These four words progress from being tired from work to being unable to walk well, to being unable to stay awake, to full sleep, so all four should appear in the translation. + +# Nor are their belts loose + +The soldiers kept their clothes tight so it would easier to move and fight. + +# the thongs of their sandals + +"the straps of their sandals" + +# their horses' hooves are like flint + +"their hooves are like hard stone." Isaiah compares the hard part of a horse's foot to flint, which is a hard stone that can cause sparks when struck. Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint so to describe the frightening image of their feet causing sparks as they run or 2) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint to emphasize how strong their hooves are which enables the horse to do whatever their master want them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their chariot wheels like storms + +Isaiah compares the chariot wheels to storms in order to imply that they will destroy everything in their path. AT: "the wheels of the chariots will spin like a windstorm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# chariot wheels + +These wheels often had sharp blades attached to them that would cut to pieces anyone the chariot passed close to. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/29.md b/isa/05/29.md index e34c2d0f1b..4b5032e5d5 100644 --- a/isa/05/29.md +++ b/isa/05/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah. (See: [Isaiah 05:26](./26.md)) -## translationNotes +# Their roaring will be like a lion; they will roar like young lions -* Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah. (See: [[:en:bible:notes:isa:05:26]]) -* **Their roaring will be like a lion, they will roar like young lions** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Isaiah compares the enemy army to a lion to emphasize how the sound of their attack will cause the people of Judah to be very afraid. Alternate translation: "When their army shouts in battle they will sound like a roaring lion." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **They will roar and seize the prey** - Isaiah compares the enemy killing the people of Judah to a lion killing a weaker animal. He is emphasizing that the people of Judah will not be able to escape from their enemy. -* **prey** - animals that another animal wants to catch and kill -* **with none to rescue** - "and no one will be able to save them" -* **as the sea roars** - Isaiah also compares the sound of the enemy army to the sound that the waves of the sea make during a storm. Isaiah is again emphasizing that the army will be so loud it will cause the people of Judah to be afraid. -* **the light will be darkened by the clouds** - This can be translated with an active verb: "the dark clouds will completely block the light of the sun." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Isaiah compares the enemy army to a lion to imply how the sound of their attack will cause the people of Judah to be very afraid. AT: "When their army shouts in battle they will sound like a roaring lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# young lions + +A young age is a metonym for strength. AT: "the strongest lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will growl and seize the prey + +Isaiah compares the enemy killing the people of Judah to a lion killing a weaker animal. Possible meanings are 1) lions make a sound not as loud as a roar just before they strike, or 2) the writer is using two words to mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# prey + +animals that another animal wants to catch and kill + +# with none to rescue + +"and no one will be able to save them" + +# will roar ... sea roars + +These are the same word translated "growl" in verse 29. Use your language's word for the sound of waves in a storm or heavy rain or some other frightening natural sound. + +# even the light will be made dark by the clouds + +Here darkness represents suffering and disaster. This metaphor can be stated in active form. AT: "the dark clouds will completely block the light of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/intro.md b/isa/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bf5262910 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Isaiah 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is a song. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Woe ##### +This chapter presents a series of woes, or judgments against those who are spoken against. Most of these judgements are due to the lack of justice in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Allegory ##### +This chapter begins as an allegory. An allegory is a story with a symbolic meaning. This allegory is meant to teach the Jews that they sinned against Yahweh and that there was nothing more he could have done for them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +==Animals being present where people once lived== +Verse 17 ("Then the sheep will feed as in their own pasture, and in the ruins of the rich people, lambs will graze") is an example of the Old Testament's prophets' habit of describing complete ruin and desolation in terms of a picture of animals--usually wild animals, but here sheep and lambs--living in or feeding in those places. Whether the picture is of flocks or wild animals, the purpose is to say that the human habitation has gone back to wild nature, and that this has happened because of God's punishment on the people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/01.md b/isa/06/01.md index 03d3fdc59a..277f5d0840 100644 --- a/isa/06/01.md +++ b/isa/06/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he was high and elevated -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] +The words "high" and "elevated" emphasize that the throne was very high and above everything around it. The height of the throne represents how great and powerful the Lord is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# filled the temple -* **on a high and elevated throne** - The words "high" and "elevated" mean the same thing and are used to emphasize that the throne was "very high" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]])(See the other three other similar examples in Isaiah 33:10, 52:13 and 57:15.) -* **the hem of his robe** - "the edge of his garment" -* **filled the temple** - "filled the palace." The word used for temple here is often used to refer to the palace of kings. -* **Seraphim** - This word suggests that the creatures might have a fiery appearance or resemble snakes. Because we do not know exactly what "seraphim" means, you could translate these as "creatures" or "living things" or "beings". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **each one had six wings** - "each seraph had six wings" or "each creature had six wings" -* **with two each covered** - The words "wings" and "seraph" are left out of this phrase, but they are understood. AT: "with two wings each seraph covered." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **with two he covered his feet** - AT: "with two wings each seraph covered his feet" -* **with two he flew** - AT: "with two wings each seraph flew" +"filled the palace." The word used for temple here is often used to refer to the palace of kings. + +# Above him were the seraphim + +The word "seraphim" is the plural of seraph. This means the Lord was seated on the throne and the seraphim were standing or flying near the Lord ready to serve him. + +# seraphim + +This word suggests that the creatures might have a fiery appearance or resemble snakes. Because we do not know exactly what "seraphim" means, you could translate this as "winged creatures" or "winged living things." Or, you can borrow the word and use it in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# each one had six wings + +"each seraph had six wings" or "each creature had six wings" + +# with two each covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew + +The words "wings" and "seraph" are understood. AT: "with two wings each seraph covered his face, and with two wings he covered his feet, and with two wings he flew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/03.md b/isa/06/03.md index 5b547df09a..9f95cc09d1 100644 --- a/isa/06/03.md +++ b/isa/06/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -## translationNotes +# Each one called to another and said -* Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -* **Each one called to another and said** - “The seraphim called out to one another” or "The creatures proclaimed to one another" -* **Holy, holy, holy** - Repeating the word "holy" three times indicates God is completely holy. Alternate translation: "He is holy beyond all else" or "He is completely holy." (UDB) -* **The whole earth is full of his glory** - “The glory of Yahweh fills all the earth” +"The seraphim called out to one another and said" or "The winged creatures proclaimed to one another" + +# Holy, holy, holy, is Yahweh of hosts + +Repeating the word "holy" three times indicates God is completely holy. AT: "Yahweh of hosts is holy beyond all else" or "Yahweh of hosts is completely holy" + +# The whole earth is full of his glory + +This speaks of the earth as if it were a container and glory were the contents in the container. AT: "Everything on the earth is evidence of God's glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/04.md b/isa/06/04.md index 03be178b37..0f0c728ed0 100644 --- a/isa/06/04.md +++ b/isa/06/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:doom]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -## translationNotes +# The foundations of the thresholds shook at the voices of those who were crying out -* Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -* **The doors and the thresholds shook at the voices of those who were crying out** - “When the seraphim called out, their voices shook the foundations under the doorways" -* **and the house was filled with smoke** - AT: “and smoke filled the temple" or "and smoke filled the palace." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Woe is me! For I am doomed because I am a man of unclean lips, and I live among a people of unclean lips, because my eyes have seen the King, Yahweh, Commander of the angel armies!"** - AT: "What great trouble I am in! For my eyes have seen Yahweh, Commander of the angel armies, but I am a man of unclean lips, and I live among a people of unclean lips." -* **unclean lips** - AT: "who says things that are sinful" or "who says things that are not right." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **because my eyes have seen** - AT: "I have seen." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"When the seraphim called out, their voices shook the doorways and their foundations" + +# the house was filled with smoke + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "smoke filled the temple" or "smoke filled the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Woe is me! For I am doomed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am in great trouble! Terrible things will happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# of unclean lips + +Here "lips" represent what a person speaks. And, people saying things that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if their lips were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh, Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh, the ruler of the angel armies" + +# my eyes have seen + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "I have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/06.md b/isa/06/06.md index f982a5b238..95ff95dad1 100644 --- a/isa/06/06.md +++ b/isa/06/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -## translationNotes +# seraphim -* Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -* **Seraphim** - See how you translated this word in [[en:bible:notes:isa:06:01]]. -* **tongs** - tools used for grabbing or holding objects -* **your guilt has been taken away, and your sin atoned for** - AT: “God has completely forgiven your sins” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This word suggests that the creatures might have a fiery appearance or resemble snakes. Because we do not know exactly what "seraphim" means, you could translate these as "creatures" or "living things" or "beings." Or you can borrow the word and use it in your language. See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 6:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# tongs + +a tool used for grabbing or holding objects + +# your guilt has been taken away, and your sin atoned for + +These two phrases say basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has taken away your guilt and has forgiven your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your guilt has been taken away + +Yahweh no longer considering a person to be guilty is spoken of as if "guilt" were an object that someone could take away from someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/08.md b/isa/06/08.md index 985352185e..929fcb2075 100644 --- a/isa/06/08.md +++ b/isa/06/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -## translationNotes +# the voice of the Lord say -* Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -* **the voice of the Lord say** - AT: "the Lord say." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **who will go for us** - Possible meanings are 1) The word "us" refers to God and his angels. 2) The Lord refers to himself as "us." When a person refers to himself this way, it emphasizes the person's authority and importance. -* **this people** - "the people of Israel" -* **Listen, but do not understand; see, but not perceive** - "Listen very carefully, but may you not understand; look very carefully, but may you not know." -* [[:en:bible:notes:isa:06:06]] ]] +Here "voice" represents the Lord himself. AT: "the Lord say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Whom shall I send + +It is implied that Yahweh will send someone to speak his message to the people of Israel. AT: "Whom shall I send to be a messenger to my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who will go for us + +It seems "us" refers to Yahweh and the members of his heavenly council to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# this people + +"the people of Israel" + +# Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive + +Possible meanings are 1) the imperatives "do not understand" and "do not perceive" express what God is causing to happen. AT: "You will listen, but Yahweh will not let you understand; you will look carefully, but Yahweh will not allow you to understand" or 2) the imperatives "Listen" and "see" express the idea of "if." AT: "Even if you listen you will not understand; even if you look carefully, you will not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive + +You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "Listen to Yahweh's message, but do not understand what it means; look at what Yahweh is doing, but do not realize what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/10.md b/isa/06/10.md index b5e7108994..4424358f72 100644 --- a/isa/06/10.md +++ b/isa/06/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he must do when Yahweh sends him to preach to the people. -## translationNotes +# Make the heart of this people insensitive -* The Lord is speaking to Isaiah -* **Make the heart of this people calloused** - "Make their minds dull" -* **and make their ears deaf, and blind their eyes** - "and make it so that they cannot hear, and make it so that they cannot see." -* **and then turn again** - "and follow me again" or "and then start trusting in me again" -* **and be healed** - AT: "and I would heal them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "heart" represents a person's mind. A person who does not think clearly and is unable to understand and care about what is happening is spoken of as if his heart were insensitive. AT: "Make these people unable to understand" or "Make the minds of these people dull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Make the heart of this people + +It may be more natural to translate "heart" and "this" as plurals. AT: "Make the hearts of these people" + +# Make the heart ... insensitive + +This command means that Yahweh will use Isaiah's message to cause the people to understand even less and to make them less sensitive to what Yahweh is doing. + +# their ears dull, and blind their eyes + +"make it so that they cannot hear, and make it so that they cannot see." Isaiah making people to not understand Yahweh's message or what he is doing is spoken of as if Isaiah were making them deaf and blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears + +People being able to understand Yahweh's message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were able physically to see and hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# understand with their heart + +Here "heart" represents as person's mind. Truly understanding something and caring about what is happening is spoken of as if the people were to understand with their hearts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then turn + +Repenting and starting to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were physically to turn towards him. AT: "follow me again" or "then start trusting in me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I would heal them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/11.md b/isa/06/11.md index 7343f20760..4ed9691624 100644 --- a/isa/06/11.md +++ b/isa/06/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Until cities crash into ruins and are without inhabitants, and the houses are without people -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Until all the cities and houses are ruined and no one lives there" -## translationNotes +# the land falls into a desolate waste -* **Lord, how long?** - "Lord, how long should I continue to give your message to the people?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Until cities crash into ruins without inhabitants, and the houses are without people** - AT: "Until all the cities and houses are ruined and there are no more people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and until Yahweh has sent the people far away, and the solitude of the land it great** - AT: "and until I, Yahweh, have sent all the people far away from their land, so that no one is left" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) +Here "falls into" is an idiom that means to become something worse. AT: "the land becomes a desolate waste" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# until Yahweh has sent the people far away, and the solitude of the land is great + +Here Yahweh speaks about himself in the third person. AT: "until I, Yahweh, have sent all the people far away from their land, so that no one is left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/13.md b/isa/06/13.md index 4c0bdd9fe9..4dc06bec4c 100644 --- a/isa/06/13.md +++ b/isa/06/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# it will again be destroyed -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "armies will again destroy the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# as a terebinth or an oak is cut down and whose trunk remains, the holy seed is in its stump -* **it will again be destroyed** - AT: "armies will again destroy the land of Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* ** as a terebinth or an oak is cut down and whose trunk remains, the holy seed is in its stump** - AT: "Like a tree stump with new shoots, the people of Israel will be a holy people who obey God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **terebinth** - a kind of oak tree (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **trunk...stump** - The trunk is the thick main stem of a tree, and stump is the part of a tree that remains in the ground after the tree is cut down. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This simile means that even after Yahweh destroys Israel, he will still set apart people from among the Israelites to serve him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# terebinth + +a kind of oak tree (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# trunk ... stump + +A trunk is the thick main stem of a tree. A stump is the part of a tree that remains in the ground after the tree is cut down. + +# the holy seed + +The people who will serve Yahweh after armies destroy Israel are spoken of as if they were set apart as a holy seed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/intro.md b/isa/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9489f63d1a --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Isaiah 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:3-4,7-13, which are quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Heaven ##### +This vision described in this chapter is probably a scene in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +##### Isaiah's call ##### +This chapter record Isaiah's call to prophetic ministry. It recognizes the holiness of God and Isaiah recognizes his need for holiness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Inevitability ##### +The way Yahweh speaks in this chapter shows the inevitability of the punishment of Yahweh against the people of Judah. The punishment must now come. It is too late for repentance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/01.md b/isa/07/01.md index e0a6d19f82..398ce299e4 100644 --- a/isa/07/01.md +++ b/isa/07/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# During the days of Ahaz ... king of Judah -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] +"When Ahaz ... was king of Judah" This was when the events happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Rezin ... Pekah ... Remaliah -* **During the days of Ahaz…king of Judah** - "When Ahaz…was king of Judah" -* **Rezin…Pekah…Remaliah** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **It was reported to the house of David** - This refers to King Ahaz, who was a descendant of David, and his counselors. This can be translated with an active verb: "King Ahaz and his counselors heard the report." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **that Aram was allied with Ephraim** - Here "Aram" and "Ephraim" refer to their kings. Ephraim is used here to refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "that Rezin, the king of Aram joined with Pekah,the king of Israel." -* **His heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the forest shake in the wind** - AT: "Ahaz and his people were very afraid." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rezin ... and Pekah ... went up + +The author speaks as if the kings were the armies they led. AT: "Rezin ... and Pekah ... led their armies up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to war against it + +The author speaks as if the city itself were the people who live in it. AT: "to war against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It was reported to the house of David + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the house of David heard the report" or "someone reported to the house of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the house of David + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family living in the house. AT: "King Ahaz and his counselors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that Aram was allied with Ephraim + +Here "Aram" and "Ephraim" refer to their kings. Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "that Rezin, the king of Aram was helping Pekah, the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# His heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the forest shake in the wind + +The trembling of their hearts at this news is compared to the way trees shake when the wind blows through them. AT: "Ahaz and his people were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/03.md b/isa/07/03.md index 50cd15f057..16b69faa11 100644 --- a/isa/07/03.md +++ b/isa/07/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] +Isaiah writes about what happened to him as if it had happened to someone else. -## translationNotes +# Shear-Jashub -* **Shear-Jashub** - Jashub** - Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Shear-Jashub means 'a remnant will return.'" The meaning may have given hope to Ahaz. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **at the end of the conduit of the upper pool** - AT: "where the water enters the upper pool." -* **on the road to the Launderer's field** - AT: "near the place where the women wash and dry clothes." -* **Tell him** - "Tell Ahaz" -* **do not be afraid or intimidated by these two smoldering firebrands, the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram, and of Pekah, the son of Remaliah.** - God compares Rezin and Pekah to burning sticks whose fire has gone out and are making smoke now. God is emphasizing that they are not real threats to Judah. AT: "do not let Rezin and Pekah scare you. Because their fierce anger is like a burning stick whose fire has gone out and there is only smoke. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name Shear-Jashub means 'a remnant will return.'" The meaning may have given hope to Ahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# at the end of the conduit of the upper pool + +"where the water flows out of the tunnel and enters the upper pool" + +# conduit + +man-made ditch or tunnel through which water flows + +# road + +If your language has a word for a road or path that people have made smooth by filling in the low places and lowering the high places, you can use it here. + +# Launderer's Field + +Possible meanings are 1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or 2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, "the launderer's field" or "the field where men wash wool" or "the field where women wash clothes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Launderer's Field + +A launderer is either 1) a man who washes wool that someone has cut from the sheep, "Wool Washer Field," or 2) a woman who washes dirty clothes, "Clothes Washer Field." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tell him + +"Tell Ahaz" + +# do not be afraid or intimidated by these two smoldering firebrands, by the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram, and of Pekah son of Remaliah + +God compares Rezin and Pekah to burning sticks whose fire has gone out and are making smoke now. God is emphasizing that they are not real threats to Judah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "do not let Rezin and Pekah make you afraid; their fierce anger is like a burning stick whose fire has gone out and there is only smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# afraid or intimidated + +The words "afraid" and "intimidated" mean the same thing and can be translated as one word. AT: "afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/05.md b/isa/07/05.md index 7be05978d1..3385260c69 100644 --- a/isa/07/05.md +++ b/isa/07/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he should tell Ahaz. (See: [Isaiah 7:3](./03.md)) -## translationNotes +# Aram, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah -* Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he should tell Ahaz. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:03]]) -* **Aram, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah** - The words "Aram" and "Ephraim" refer to the kings of these lands. Also, "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "Rezin the king of Aram and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Remaliah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:01]] -* **have planned evil against you** - Here "you" is singular and refers to Ahaz. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **son of Tabeel** - It is unknown who this man is. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The words "Aram" and "Ephraim" refer to the kings of these lands. Also, "Ephraim" represents the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "Rezin the king of Aram and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Remaliah + +This is the name of a man. Translate his name as in [Isaiah 7:1](./01.md). + +# have planned evil against you + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Ahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# son of Tabeel + +It is unknown who this man is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/07.md b/isa/07/07.md index 5b24782edf..1a0fb39ba1 100644 --- a/isa/07/07.md +++ b/isa/07/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Damascus]] -* [[en:tw:Samaria]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he should tell Ahaz. (See: [Isaiah 7:3](./03.md)) -## translationNotes +# the head of Damascus is Rezin -* Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he should tell Ahaz. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:03]]) -* **and the head of Damascus is Rezin** - AT: "and the king of Damascus is only Rezin." -* **Ephraim will be shattered and will no longer be a people** - Here "Ephraim" refers to all of the northern kingdom of Israell. This can be translated with an active verb: "an army will destroy Ephraim, and there will no longer be a people of Israel" -* **sixty-five years** - five years** - "65 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the head of Samaria is Remaliah’s son** - This means Pekah is the king of Samaria and all of Israel. AT: "the king of Samaria is only Pekah. -* **If you do not remain firm in faith, surely you will not remain secure** - AT: "If you continue to believe in me, you will certainly remain safe." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here "head" is a metonym for the most important part. It is implied that Rezin is only a man, and therefore cannot stop Yahweh's plan. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "the king of Damascus is Rezin, who is only a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sixty-five years + +"65 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ephraim will be shattered and will no longer be a people + +Here "Ephraim" refers to all of the northern kingdom of Israel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "an army will destroy Ephraim, and there will no longer be a people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the head of Samaria is Remaliah's son + +This means Pekah is the king of Samaria and all of Israel. AT: "the king of Samaria is Pekah, who is a weak man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If you do not remain firm in faith, surely you will not remain secure + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "If you continue to believe in me, you will certainly remain safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# If you do not remain + +"Unless you remain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/10.md b/isa/07/10.md index c044cfe2ce..8be94163ce 100644 --- a/isa/07/10.md +++ b/isa/07/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# ask for it in the depths or in the height above -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +Yahweh uses the word "depths" and "height" to mean Ahaz could ask him for anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# depths ... height -* **ask for it in the depths or in the height above** - Yahweh uses the word "depths" and "height" to mean Ahaz could ask him for anything. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +The abstract nouns "depths" and "height" can be translated with prepositions. "places far below you ... places far above you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will not ask + +"will not ask Yahweh for a sign" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/13.md b/isa/07/13.md index d35f6f9cc9..6dfc962083 100644 --- a/isa/07/13.md +++ b/isa/07/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# house of David -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family living in the house. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:2](./01.md). AT: "King Ahaz, you and your counselors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Is it not enough for you people to test the patience of people? Must you also test the patience of my God? -* **house of David** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:01]]. -* **Is it not enough for you to test the patience of people? Must you also test the patience of my God?** - AT: "You test the patience of of people. Now you even test the patience of my God!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **young woman will conceive** - Possible meanings are 1) a young woman old enough to marry will become pregnant the natural way or 2) a virgin will become pregnant through a miracle or 3) Isaiah is referring to both options. Sometimes a prophecy is fulfilled once in a certain way then fulfilled again later in another way. -* **his name Immanuel** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Immanuel means 'God with us.'" -* **He will eat curds and honey when he knows to refuse the evil and choose the good.** - Possible meanings are 1) "By the time that child is old enough to eat curds and honey, he will be able to reject what is evil and choose what is good." This emphasizes that the child will be very young when he knows to choose what is right instead of wrong. 2) "By the time the child is old enough to reject what is evil and choose what is good, he will be eating curds and honey." The people of Judah considered a child to be responsible for doing what is right when he was 12 years old. This emphasizes that within twelve years there will be an abundance of curds and honey to eat because the most of the people of Israel will be killed or taken as captives. +These questions emphasize that the king has sinned greatly. AT: "You test the patience of people! Now you even test the patience of my God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the young woman will conceive + +Some ancient versions and some contemporary versions translate, "the virgin will conceive," while others translate "the young woman will conceive." + +# his name Immanuel + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Immanuel means 'God with us.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He will eat curds and honey when he knows to refuse the evil and choose the good + +Possible meanings are 1) "By the time that child is old enough to eat curds and honey, he will be able to reject what is evil and choose what is good." This emphasizes that the child will be very young when he knows to choose what is right instead of wrong or 2) "By the time the child is old enough to reject what is evil and choose what is good, he will be eating curds and honey." The people of Judah considered a child to be responsible for doing what is right when he was 12 years old. This emphasizes that within twelve years the people will be able to eat much curds and honey because most of the people of Israel will be killed or taken as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# curds + +milk that people have treated to make it into a soft solid + +# refuse the evil and choose the good + +Here "the evil" and "the good" refer to evil and good things in general. AT: "refuse to do evil deeds and choose to do good deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/16.md b/isa/07/16.md index 09afad18c6..13788f5415 100644 --- a/isa/07/16.md +++ b/isa/07/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues to describe the sign that God will give the house of David. -## translationNotes +# refuse the evil and choose the good -* Isaiah continues to describe the sign that God will give the house of David. -* **you dread** - "you fear." Here "you" is singular and refers to Ahaz. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **your people** - This refers to the people of Judah. -* **Ephraim seceded from Judah** - AT: "the people of Ephraim separated from the people of Judah." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "the evil" and "the good" refer to evil and good things in general. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:15](./13.md). AT: "refuse to do evil deeds and choose to do good deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you dread + +"you fear." Here "you" is singular and refers to Ahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your people + +This refers to the people of Judah. + +# Ephraim seceded from Judah + +Here "Ephriam" and "Judah" refer to the people who lived in those regions. AT: "the people of Ephraim separated from the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/18.md b/isa/07/18.md index 6d5605af62..a5d2ef8a0a 100644 --- a/isa/07/18.md +++ b/isa/07/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# At that time -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] +before the child knows to refuse the evil and choose the good ([Isaiah 7:15](./13.md)) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh will whistle for -* **At that time** - This refers to before the child knows to refuse the evil and choose the good, mentioned in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:07:13]]. -* **Yahweh will whistle** - "Yahweh will call" or "Yahweh will summon" -* **for a fly from the distant streams of Egypt, and for a bee from the land of Assyria** - AT: "for the armies of Egypt and Assyria, and their soldiers will be everywhere like flies and bees." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Yahweh will call" or "Yahweh will summon" + +# for a fly from the distant streams of Egypt, and for a bee from the land of Assyria + +Here the armies of Egypt and Assyria are spoken of as if they are insects that will invade the land of Israel. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "for the armies of Egypt and Assyria, and their soldiers will be everywhere like flies and bees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/20.md b/isa/07/20.md index 7fe3d09f82..12559cf582 100644 --- a/isa/07/20.md +++ b/isa/07/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Isaiah continues to describe the time when the army of Assyria will attack Israel. -## translationNotes +# the Lord will shave with a razor that was hired beyond the Euphrates River—the king of Assyria -* Isaiah continues to describe the time when the army of Assyria will attack Israel. -* **the Lord will shave with a razor that was hired beyond the Euphrates River— -* AT: "the Lord will use the king of Assyria from beyond the Euphrates River like a razor to shave you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he will shave** - "Yahweh will shave" +The word "razor" is a metaphor for the king of Assyria and his army, and Yahweh speaks of the king as if the king were a man who would do Yahweh's work and then receive money from Yahweh. AT: "the Lord will call the king of Assyria from beyond the Euphrates River to work for him to shave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that was hired + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he bought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the head ... the hair of the legs ... also ... the beard + +It was bad to have someone shave the top of the head; it was worse to have someone shave "the hair of the legs"; it was worst of all to have someone shave the beard. + +# the head ... the hair of the legs ... the beard + +Isaiah does not say whose head, hair, and beard the Lord is going to shave, but Ahaz and the reader would understand that this is a man; the man is a metaphor for the people living in the land of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the head + +Here "the head" represents the hair that grows on it. AT: "the hair on the head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hair of the legs + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a polite way to speak of the hair on the lower body or 2) this speaks of the hair on the legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# it will also sweep + +"the razor will also sweep." If your language requires a person to be the subject of "will ... sweep," you can say, "the Lord will also sweep." + +# because of the abundance of milk which they shall give + +The abstract noun "abundance" can be translated as a clause. AT: "because they will give so much milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/23.md b/isa/07/23.md index 03c8a7d012..dd5af2a972 100644 --- a/isa/07/23.md +++ b/isa/07/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +Isaiah continues to describe the time when the army from Assyria will attack the land of Israel. -## translationNotes +# there were a thousand vines ... briers and thorns -* Isaiah continues to describe the time the army from Assyria will attack the land of Israel. -* **there were a thousand vines** - "there were 1000 vineyards" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **because all the land will be briers and thorns** - Why the hunters come to these lands can be made explicit: "because there will be nothing in these lands but briers, thorns, and wild animals." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **They will stay away from all the hills that were cultivated with the hoe** - AT: "People will stay away from the hills where they once prepared the soil to plant crops." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"there were 1,000 vines." That is, when Isaiah wrote, there were vineyards, in some of which were 1,000 vines or more each. He says that these vineyards will become full of briers and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a thousand silver shekels + +"1000 silver shekels." A shekel is a silver coin worth 4 days wage. AT: "1,000 silver coins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# briers and thorns + +The words "briers" and "thorns" both refer to useless, thorny plants. It is not necessary to translate both words. AT: "thorn bushes" or "brier bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# because all the land will be briers and thorns + +Why the hunters come to these lands can be made explicit. AT: "because there will be nothing in these lands but briers, thorns, and wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They will stay away from all the hills that were cultivated with the hoe + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will stay away from the hills where they once prepared the soil to plant crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/intro.md b/isa/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7688165cde --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:7-9, 18-25, which are important quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Young woman" ##### +Some translations choose to translate this as "virgin" and believe it is a reference to the messiah being born of a virgin woman. This is only one possible translation, therefore most translations have avoided forcing this specific connotation into the meaning of the term. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +In this chapter, Israel is a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and not the nation as a whole. They are also called Ephraim in this chapter after its most prominent tribe. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/01.md b/isa/08/01.md index b3fe101e38..90f694f5f0 100644 --- a/isa/08/01.md +++ b/isa/08/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh said to me -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "me" refers to Isaiah. -## translationNotes +# I will summon faithful witnesses to attest for me -* **Yahweh said to me** - Here the word "me" refers to Isaiah. -* **I will summon faithful witnesses to attest for me** - Possible meaning are 1) Yahweh is speaking: "I will call honest men to be witnesses" or 2) Isaiah is speaking: "I called honest men to be witnesses" or 3) Yahweh is commanding Isaiah: "Call honest men to be witnesses." +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking: "I will call honest men to be witnesses" or 2) Isaiah is speaking: "I called honest men to be witnesses" or 3) Yahweh is commanding Isaiah: "Call honest men to be witnesses." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/03.md b/isa/08/03.md index 6399b67a06..e249dced2b 100644 --- a/isa/08/03.md +++ b/isa/08/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I went to the prophetess -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +It can be stated explicitly that Isaiah is married to the prophetess. AT: "I slept with my wife, the prophetess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the riches of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria will be carried away by the king of Assyria -* **I went to the prophetess** - It can be stated explicitly that Isaiah is married to the prophetess: "I slept with my wife, the prophetess." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the riches of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria will be carried away by the king of Assyria** - AT: "The king of Assyria will carry away all the treasures of Damascus and Samaria." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the king of Assyria will carry away all the treasures of Damascus and Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/05.md b/isa/08/05.md index eedd8b3ccb..a41b2b5b64 100644 --- a/isa/08/05.md +++ b/isa/08/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Because this people has refused the gentle waters of Shiloah -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The words "gentle waters" are a metaphor for the law of the Lord. AT: "Because this people has rejected Yahweh's law, which is like the gentle waters of Shiloah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# this people -* **Because this people have refused the gentle waters of Shiloah** - These gentle, flowing waters are compared to the teachings of the Lord that were always available to lead the people of Jerusalem. AT: "Because this people have rejected Yahweh's help which is like the gentle waters of Shiloah." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and are happy over Rezin and Remaliah’s son** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:01]]. The full meaning can be made explicit: "and are happy that the armies of Assyria have defeated Rezin, king of Aram, and Pekah, Remaliah's son, king of Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **therefore the Lord is** - Yahweh is still speaking. He refers to himself as "the Lord." AT: "therefore I am." -* **up on them** - "up on the people of Judah" -* **the waters of the River, mighty and many, the king of Assyria and all his glory** - AT: "the army from Assyria that is powerful like a mighty river." -* [[:en:bible:notes:isa:08:03]] ]] +"this people group." If your language needs a plural here, you can translate this phrase and the following verbs as "these people have refused ... are happy." + +# is happy over Rezin and Remaliah's son + +The full meaning can be made explicit. See how you translated these men's names in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "is happy that the armies of Assyria have defeated Rezin, king of Aram, and Pekah, Remaliah's son, king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# therefore the Lord is + +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else to remind the people of who he is. AT: "therefore I, the Lord, am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# bring up on them + +The verb is "bring up"; the adverb is "on them." + +# on them + +"on the people of Judah" + +# the waters of the River, mighty and many, the king of Assyria and all his glory + +The river symbolizes the army of Assyria. AT: "the army from Assyria, which is powerful like a mighty river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the River + +the Euphrates River in Assyria \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/08.md b/isa/08/08.md index 5d551dbfe3..bc5fb95236 100644 --- a/isa/08/08.md +++ b/isa/08/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] +The Lord continues to describe the army of Assyria as a river that will flood Judah. (See: [Isaiah 8:7](./05.md)) -## translationNotes +# The River will sweep onward into Judah, flooding and passing on, until it reaches to your neck -* The Lord continues to describe the army of Assyria as a river that will flood Judah. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:08:05]]) -* **and it will sweep onward into Judah, flooding and passing on, until it reaches to the your neck** - "and more and more soldiers will come like waters rising up to your neck" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) AT: "The army will spread out over your entire land like a bird spreading its wings over its prey." -* **O Immanuel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:13]]. +The army of Assyria is like a flood of water. AT: "More and more soldiers will come like a river rising up to your neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The River + +This refers to the Euphrates River in Assyria. This is a metonym for the Assyrian soldiers, who will come from their homes by the Euphrates River ([Isaiah 8:7](./05.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Its outstretched wings will fill + +Possible meanings are 1) as "the River" in the metaphor rises, its "wings" flow over and cover what had been dry land or 2) Isaiah changes metaphors and now speaks of Yahweh as a bird who is protecting the land, "But his outstretched wings will cover." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Immanuel + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Immanuel means 'God with us.'" See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:14](../07/13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/09.md b/isa/08/09.md index 29df59669a..05e08ca419 100644 --- a/isa/08/09.md +++ b/isa/08/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You peoples will be broken to pieces -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will break your armies to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Listen, all you distant countries -* **You peoples will be broken to pieces** - AT: "I will break your armies to pieces" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Listen, all you distant countries** - AT: "Listen, all you people in far away places." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **arm yourselves for war and be broken in pieces; arm yourselves and be broken in pieces** - AT: "you can prepare yourselves for battle, but I will defeat you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Form a plan, but it will not be carried out; issue the command, but it will not be carried out** - AT: "You can prepare to attack Judah, but you will not succeed. +Isaiah speaks as if people in other countries can hear him. AT: "Listen, all you people in far away places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# arm yourselves for war and be broken in pieces; arm yourselves and be broken in pieces + +This is basically the same thing, stated twice for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can prepare yourselves for battle, but I will defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Form a plan, but it will not be carried out; issue the command, but it will not be carried out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You can prepare to attack Judah, but you will not succeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will not be carried out ... it will not be carried out + +To "carry out" a plan or command is to do what the person who makes the plan or command wants the hearer to do. These clauses can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not be able to do what you plan to do ... your soldiers will not be able to do what their commanders tell them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/11.md b/isa/08/11.md index dc61147761..92df58dc39 100644 --- a/isa/08/11.md +++ b/isa/08/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh spoke to me, with his strong hand upon me -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Here "his strong hand upon me" is an idiom that refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "Yahweh spoke to me in a very powerful way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# warned me not to walk in the way of this people. -* **Yahweh spoke to me, with his strong hand upon me** - "Yahweh spoke to me in a very powerful way" -* **and warned me not to walk in the way of this people** - "and warned me not to act like this people." This is an indirect quote that ends in 8:17. AT: "and warned me and said, 'do not act like this people.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **Do not call conspiracy anything that this people calls conspiracy** - AT: "Do not worry like this people who think someone is always trying to harm them." -* **Yahweh of Hosts, him you will treat as holy; him you will fear, him you will be in awe of** - If you translate this as a direct quote you can also translate it with Yahweh speaking in the first person: "But, you will consider me, Yahweh of Hosts, as holy. And, you will fear and be in awe of me." +This is an indirect quote that ends in 8:17. AT: "warned me and said, 'Do not act like this people.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Do not call conspiracy anything that this people calls conspiracy + +The people imagine there are conspiracies, and it makes them anxious. AT: "Do not worry like this people who think someone is always trying to harm them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is Yahweh of hosts whom you will honor as holy; he is the one you must fear, and he is the one you must dread + +If you translate this as a direct quote, you can also translate it with Yahweh speaking in the first person: "But you will consider me, Yahweh of Hosts, as holy. And you will fear and be in awe of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/14.md b/isa/08/14.md index 8db53a74bc..08f6a31e1b 100644 --- a/isa/08/14.md +++ b/isa/08/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +Isaiah continues the indirect quote of Yahweh that began in [Isaiah 8:11-13](./11.md). It can be translated as a direct quote with Yahweh speaking in the first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# He will become a sanctuary -* 13]]) -* **He will** - AT: "I will" (UDB) -* **be a sanctuary** - AT: "I will be like a sanctuary and I will protect you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but he will be a stone that makes one trip and a rock that makes one stumble** - AT: "but for those who do not consider me holy I will be like a stone that they will trip over." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **to both the houses of Israel, as a trap and as a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem** - AT: "For the people in Israel and Jerusalem that do not fear me, I will be like a trap." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Many will stumble over it and fall and be broken, and be ensnared and captured** - AT: "Many people will stumble over the stone, and when they fall they will not get up. And, many people will step into the trap, and they will not be able to get out." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "sanctuary" is a metaphor for Yahweh keeping his people safe and protecting them. AT: "He will protect them when they go to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will be a stone of striking, and a rock of stumbling + +The words "stone of striking" and "rock of stumbling" are both metaphors for Yahweh harming his people. Some translate "striking" and "stumbling" as "stumbling" and "falling"; others translate as "offense" and "stumbling." AT: "he will harm his people, like a stone against which people strike their feet and stumble, and like a rock that causes people to fall down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will be a trap and a snare to the people of Jerusalem + +The words "trap" and "snare" mean almost the same thing and emphasize that when Yahweh decides to punish the people of Jerusalem they will not be able to escape. AT: "he will trap the people of Jerusalem so they cannot escape him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# trap + +a device that catches a bird in a net or basket + +# snare + +a trap that catches and holds an animal's leg or nose + +# Many will stumble over it and fall and be broken, and be ensnared and captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Many people will stumble over the stone, and when they fall they will not get up. And many people will step into the trap, and they will not be able to get out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ensnared and captured + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they will be caught in the trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/16.md b/isa/08/16.md index cc9d097452..7f6039ea2c 100644 --- a/isa/08/16.md +++ b/isa/08/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Bind up my testimony, seal the official record -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "Close up tightly the scroll with this message written on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# my testimony ... my disciples -* **Bind up my testimony, seal the the official record** - AT: "Close up tightly the scroll with this message written on it." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **my testimony...my disciples** - It is unclear to whom the word "my" refers. It could be Isaiah or Yahweh. It is best to leave the pronouns ambiguous if your language will allow it. -* **I will wait for Yahweh** - Here "I" refers to Isaiah. -* **who hides his face from the house of Jacob** - AT: "who has taken away his blessing from the people of Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I and the sons whom Yahweh has given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel** - "I and the sons Yahweh has given me are like signs to warn the people of Israel." The sons are Shear-Jashub and Maher-shalal-hash-baz whose names are a message to the people of Israel. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:03]] and [[en:bible:notes:isa:08:01]]) +It is unclear to whom the word "my" refers. It could be Isaiah or Yahweh. It is best to leave the pronouns ambiguous if your language will allow it. + +# I will wait for Yahweh + +Here "I" refers to Isaiah. + +# who hides his face from the house of Jacob + +Yahweh's "face" is a metonym for his blessing or favor. AT: "who has taken away his blessing from the house of Jacob" or "who no longer looks with favor on the house of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# house of Jacob + +people of Israel + +# I and the sons whom Yahweh has given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel + +"I and the sons Yahweh has given me are like signs to warn the people of Israel." The sons are Shear-Jashub and Maher-shalal-hash-baz, whose names are a message to the people of Israel. (See: [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md) and [Isaiah 8:1](./01.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/19.md b/isa/08/19.md index 6ee36830b6..59ee4af202 100644 --- a/isa/08/19.md +++ b/isa/08/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:magic]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +Isaiah is speaking. -## translationNotes +# They will say to you, "Consult with the mediums and magicians," those who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony! -* Isaiah is speaking. -* **They will say to you** - The word "They" refers to those who do not trust Yahweh. The word "you" is plural and refers to those who trust Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Consult with** - "Talk with" -* **mediums and magicians** - "witches and wizards." This refers to those who said they could speak with those who had died. -* **those who chirp and mutter incantations** - "those who whisper and mutter their magic words to try and speak to dead people." The words "chirp" and "mutter" refer to the sounds mediums and magicians made when trying to speak to dead people. -* **But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living?** - AT: "But people should ask Yahweh to guide them. They should not seek answers from those who have died." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If they do not say such things, it is because they have no light of dawn** - AT: "If they do not speak of the law and the testimony, it is because they are like a person lost in the dark." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Other possible meanings are 1) "They will say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and magicians, those who chirp and mutter incantations. Should a people not consult their gods? They should consult the dead on behalf of the living for teaching and for testimony.'" or 2) "When they say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and magicians, those who chirp and mutter incantations,' should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony!" + +# They will say to you + +The word "they" refers to those who do not trust Yahweh. The word "you" is plural and refers to those who trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Consult with the mediums and magicians + +"Ask the mediums and magicians what you should do" + +# mediums and magicians + +those who claim to speak with those who have died + +# those who chirp and mutter incantations + +The words "chirp" and "mutter" refer to the sounds mediums and magicians made when trying to speak to dead people. AT: "those who whisper and mutter their magic words to try and speak to dead people" + +# chirp + +make sounds like birds + +# But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? + +These questions are to show that people could consult God instead of the foolish activity of trying to talk to dead people. AT: "But people should ask Yahweh to guide them. They should not seek answers from those who have died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# To the law and to the testimony + +Possible meanings are 1) "Pay attention to God's instructions and teaching" or 2) "Then you must remember the teaching and testimony I gave." ([Isaiah 8:16](./16.md)). + +# the law + +This is the same word translated "official record" in [Isaiah 8:16](./16.md). + +# the testimony + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 8:16](./16.md). + +# If they do not say such things + +"If they do not speak of the law and the testimony" + +# it is because they have no light of dawn + +Isaiah speaks of people who do not know God as if they were people walking in darkness without any light. AT: "it is because they are like a person lost in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/21.md b/isa/08/21.md index 65f150f354..a7dd507ba4 100644 --- a/isa/08/21.md +++ b/isa/08/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# oppressive gloom -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +"terrible sadness" -## translationNotes +# They will be driven into a land of darkness -* **oppressive gloom** - "terrible sadness" -* **They will be driven into a land of darkness** - AT: "Yahweh will drive them out into complete darkness." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will drive them out into complete darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/intro.md b/isa/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..883a836da7 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:6-18, 21-22, which are important quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust in Yahweh ##### +Israel will not trust in Yahweh. Instead, they will trust in their own power, their Gentile allies and the power of false gods. They will be punished because the power of Yahweh is greater than all of these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/01.md b/isa/09/01.md index 2915d75d72..1e15d897fe 100644 --- a/isa/09/01.md +++ b/isa/09/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The gloom will be dispelled from her who was in anguish -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +Isaiah speaks of people who are spiritually lost as if they were walking around in total darkness. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will remove the darkness from her who was in anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The gloom -* **The gloom will be dispelled from her who is in anguish** - AT: "Yahweh will remove the darkness from the people of Israel who were in intense pain." (See: [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metaphor]] and [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:grammar:active]]) -* **The gloom** - This word means "partial or total darkness." See how you translated "gloom" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:08:21]]. -* **In an earlier time he humiliated the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali** - AT: "In the past, the Lord humbled those living in Zebulun and Naphtali." (See: [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metonymy]]) -* **but in the later time he will make it glorious, the way to the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations** - "But in the future, the Lord will honor the people of Galilee, from the way to the Mediterranean sea to the Jordan River where many people from other nations live." -* **The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who have lived in the land of the shadow of death, the light has shone on them.** - AT: "The people who had lived in the land of darkness and death will see a bright light.(See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). +This word means "partial or total darkness." Translate as you translated "gloom" in [Isaiah 08:22](../08/21.md). + +# her who was in anguish + +"her who was suffering great pain and sadness." This is probably a metaphor for the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In an earlier time he humiliated the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali + +"Land" refers to the people who live in an area. AT: "In the past, the Lord humbled those living in Zebulun and Naphtali" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but in the later time he will make it glorious, the way to the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations + +Here "it" refers to Galilee which represents the people who live there. AT: "but in the future, the Lord will honor the people of Galilee of the nations, which is on the road between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Galilee of the nations + +Here "nations" represents the people from other nations that live in Galilee. AT: "Galilee, where many foreigners live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walked in darkness ... lived in the land of the shadow of death + +Isaiah speaks of the people living sinful lives and suffering because of it as if they had been walking in a dark or living in a land of shadow of death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a great light ... light has shone + +Here "light" represents hope and deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land of the shadow of death + +The phrase "shadow of death" is an idiom that means absolute darkness. AT: "the land of deepest darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/03.md b/isa/09/03.md index 016023d4ea..14bbfaf37a 100644 --- a/isa/09/03.md +++ b/isa/09/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. Although these events will happen in the future ([Isaiah 9:1](./01.md)), Isaiah describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# You have multiplied the nation; you have increased their joy -* 2]]) -* **You have multiplied the nation, you have increased their joy** - The word "you" refers to Yahweh. The word "their" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah includes himself as part of Israel. AT: "Lord, you will greatly increase our people and our joy." -* **they rejoice before you like the joy at harvest time, as men rejoice when they divide the plunder** - AT: "We will rejoice before you like when people gather their crops or like when a battle is over and soldiers divide what they took." +The word "you" refers to Yahweh. The word "their" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah includes himself as part of Israel. AT: "Lord, you will greatly increase our people and our joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# They rejoice before you like the joy at harvest time, as men rejoice when they divide the plunder + +The joy that Yahweh will give Israel is described as the same kind of joy people have when they bring in a harvest or divide valuable plunder. AT: "They will rejoice before you as people rejoice when they gather their crops or when a battle is over and soldiers divide what they took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/04.md b/isa/09/04.md index 42783198e6..a5ea220dfa 100644 --- a/isa/09/04.md +++ b/isa/09/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. Although these events will happen in the future ([Isaiah 9:1-2](./01.md)), Isaiah describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# For the yoke of his burden ... you have shattered as on the day of Midian -* 2]]) -* **For the yoke of his burden, the beam across his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor, you have shattered** - The word "his" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah includes himself as a part of Israel. Isaiah compares the slaves from Israel to oxen wearing yokes. AT: "You will free the slaves from Israel like a person removing a yoke from an oxen, and you will shatter the rod of the one who oppresses us." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **as on the day of Midian** - AT: "as when you defeated the Midianites." -* **every boot treading in the tumult and the garments rolled in blood will be burned** - AT: "You will burn the boots of the soldiers and their clothes which are covered with blood." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fuel for the fire** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "You will make them fuel for the fire." +Isaiah speaks of the Israelites, who are the Assyrians' slaves, as if they were an ox wearing a yoke. This will happen in the future, but he speaks as if it has already happened. AT: "For as on the day of Midian you will set the people of Israel free from being slaves to their oppressors like a person removes a yoke from the shoulders of an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# For the yoke of his burden ... his shoulder ... his oppressor + +Isaiah speaks of the people of Israel as if they were one man. AT: "For the yoke of their burden ... their shoulders ... their oppressor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the beam across his shoulder + +The beam is the part of the yoke that goes over the shoulders of the ox. + +# beam + +Another possible meaning is "staff," a long piece of wood that a person uses to beat the oxen so they will work and a symbol of one person's power to rule other people. + +# the rod of his oppressor + +Isaiah speaks of the power the oppressor has over the people of Judah as if it were the piece of wood used by a person to beat oxen so they will work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as on the day of Midian + +The word "day" is an idiom that can refer to an event that takes more than one day to happen. AT: "as when you defeated the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# every boot treading in the tumult and the garments rolled in blood will be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will burn the boots of the soldiers and their clothes, which are covered with blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# burned, fuel for the fire + +This can be made more explicit by translating it as a new sentence. AT: "burned. You will make the boots and the garments fuel for the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/06.md b/isa/09/06.md index 5801187368..65131ae84d 100644 --- a/isa/09/06.md +++ b/isa/09/06.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel ([Isaiah 9:1-2](./01.md)). Although these events will happen in Isaiah's future, he describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# For to us a child has been born, to us a son has been given -* 2]]) -* **For to us a child has been born, to us a son has been given** - AT: "For the Lord will give to us a child." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:grammar:inclusive]] and [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:grammar:active]]). -* **the rule will be on his shoulder** - "The son will rule the people" -* **to establish it and sustain it with justice and with righteousness** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "He will establish and protect his kingdom and he will do what is fair and just" -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word "us" refers to both the speaker and the hearer and so is inclusive. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For the Lord will give to us a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the rule will be on his shoulder + +His authority to rule is spoken of as if it were the robe that is a symbol of his authority. AT: "he will wear his royal robe on his shoulder" or "he will have authority to rule as king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Counselor + +one who advises kings + +# Of the increase of his government and of peace there will be no end + +"As time passes he will rule over more and more people and enable them to live more and more peacefully" + +# rules on the throne of David + +Sitting on the "throne of David" is a metonym for having the right to rule; only David's descendants could be king over Israel. AT: "has the right to rule as David's descendant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his kingdom, to establish it and sustain it with justice and with righteousness + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "his kingdom. He will establish and protect his kingdom, and he will do what is fair and just" + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/08.md b/isa/09/08.md index d2ad3a91a2..fba6b12771 100644 --- a/isa/09/08.md +++ b/isa/09/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The Lord sent a word against Jacob, and it fell on Israel -* [[en:tw:Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Send a word" means to speak. AT: "The Lord has spoken against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Jacob ... Israel ... Ephraim ... Samaria -* **The Lord sent a word against Jacob and it fell on Israel** - AT: "The Lord has spoken against the people of Israel." (See: [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metonymy]]) -* **All people will know, even Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria** - What they will know can be made explicit: "All the people will know that the Lord has judged them, even those in Ephraim and Samaria." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **who say in pride and with an arrogant heart** - AT: "who so proudly say" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with chiseled stone; the sycamores have been cut down, but we will put cedars in their place** - The full meaning can be made explicit: "We will replace the common bricks of our destroyed cities with expensive cut stone, and we will plant great cedar trees where ordinary sycamore trees grew." +These names all refer to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. + +# All the people will know, even Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria + +What they will know can be made explicit. AT: "All the people will know that the Lord has judged them, even those in Ephraim and Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with chiseled stone; the sycamores have been cut down, but we will put cedars in their place + +The full meaning can be made explicit. This can be stated in active form. AT: "We will replace the common bricks of our destroyed cities with expensive cut stone, and we will plant great cedar trees where ordinary sycamore trees grew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/11.md b/isa/09/11.md index 185e08b067..8db8cb4947 100644 --- a/isa/09/11.md +++ b/isa/09/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore Yahweh will raise up against him Rezin, his adversary -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Syria]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "Rezin" represents himself and his army. AT: "Therefore, Yahweh will bring Rezin and his army against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Rezin -* **Therefore Yahweh will raise up against him, Rezin, his adversary** - See how you translated Rezin in [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:01]]. AT: "Therefore, Yahweh will send the enemy of Rezin against the people of Israel." (See: [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metonymy]]) -* **and will stir up his enemies** - AT: "and Yahweh will make the enemy armies attack the people of Israel" -* **They will devour Israel with open mouth** - AT: "Like a wild beast eating its prey, the army of the enemy will destroy the people of Israel" (See: [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metaphor]]) -* **his hand will still be stretched out to strike** - AT: "he is ready to punish them more with his powerful hand" or "he will punish them again with his power" (See: [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metonymy]]) +This is the name of a man. See how you translated Rezin in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# will stir up his enemies + +The phrase "stir up" is an idiom that means to incite them to attack. AT: "Yahweh will cause Israel's enemies to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They will devour Israel with open mouth + +"Devour" is how wild animals eat their prey. AT: "Like a wild beast eating its prey, the army of the enemy will destroy the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand + +"Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). + +# his hand is still stretched out + +Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). AT: "he will still be ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/13.md b/isa/09/13.md index 2f5a203d0e..a87b05969d 100644 --- a/isa/09/13.md +++ b/isa/09/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## translationNotes +# head and tail -* **Yet the people will not turn to him who struck them, nor will they seek Yahweh of Hosts** - AT: "Still the people of Israel will not return to Yahweh of Hosts who punished them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **head and tail, palm branch and reed** - the leaders of Israel. He uses words with opposite meanings to emphasize that Yahweh will remove all of the leaders of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Isaiah explains this metaphor in verse 15. The "head," the part of an animal a person would want to be, is "the leader and the noble man," and the "tail," the dirty part of the animal, is "the prophet who teaches lies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# palm branch and reed + +The "palm branch" grows high on the tree and is a metaphor for people who are important and rule others. The "reed" grows in shallow water and is a metaphor for people who are poor and unimportant and are ruled by others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/16.md b/isa/09/16.md index c3e2ae7a2b..b108d94ec5 100644 --- a/isa/09/16.md +++ b/isa/09/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Those who lead this people lead them astray -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +The leaders causing people to disobey is spoken of as if the leaders led them on the wrong path. AT: "The leaders of Israel have caused the people to disobey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# those who are led by them are swallowed up -* **Those who lead this people lead them astray** - "The leaders of Israel have caused the people to disobey God" -* **and those who are led by them are swallowed up** - AT: "and the people are confused" or "and God will destroy the people they lead" (See: [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:grammar:active]]) -* **every mouth speaks foolish things** - The word "mouth" refers to the person. AT: "every person speaks foolish things" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **his anger does not subside** - "his anger does not stop" -* **his hand will still be stretched out to strike** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:09:11]]. +This is a metaphor that can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "those that they lead become confused" or 2) AT: "Yahweh destroys those that they lead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every mouth speaks foolish things + +The word "mouth" refers to the person. AT: "every person speaks foolish things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand + +"Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). + +# his hand is still stretched out + +Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). AT: "he will still be ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/18.md b/isa/09/18.md index 06d71f0eeb..c150d758a5 100644 --- a/isa/09/18.md +++ b/isa/09/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Wickedness burns like a fire; it devours the briers and thorns; it even burns the thickets of the forest -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The people's evil deeds are spoken of as if they were a very destructive fire. This fire burns even the briers and thorns, plants that grow in places where people no longer live, and "the thickets of the forest" where no one has ever lived, because it has already destroyed the places where people were living. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# briers ... thorns -* **briers and thorns** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:05:05]]. -* **Through overflowing anger of Yahweh of Hosts, the land is scorched** - See how you translated "Yahweh of Hosts" in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. AT: "Like fire that scorches the land, the Lord's intense anger will destroy the people of Israel." (See: [[:en:bible:team-info:training:topics:grammar:active]]) +The words "briers" and "thorns" both refer to useless, thorny plants; they can be translated using one word. See how you translated these words in [Isaiah 7:23](../07/23.md). AT: "thorn bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Through the fury of Yahweh of hosts the land is scorched + +Translate "Yahweh of hosts" as in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). This can be stated in active form. AT: "Like fire that scorches the land, the Lord's intense anger will destroy the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No man spares his brother + +To "spare" someone means to save them from harm. AT: "No one does anything to help his own brother escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/20.md b/isa/09/20.md index 8e08f3f607..76f86cf2eb 100644 --- a/isa/09/20.md +++ b/isa/09/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They will grab food on the right hand ... on the left hand -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This expression means that the people will grab food wherever they can find it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Each will even eat the flesh of his own arm +Possible meanings are 1) people will be so hungry that they will want to eat or will actually eat their own arms or 2) the word "arm" is a metaphor for the person's neighbor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand + +"Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). + +# his hand is still stretched out + +Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). AT: "he will still be ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/intro.md b/isa/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e396fa54f --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins with a prophecy that is a continuation of the prophecy concluding the previous chapter. Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 9:1-22, which is an extended quotation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +The prophecy in 9:1-7 is about the coming messiah. Parts of this prophecy were fulfilled when he first came to earth. Other parts are to be fulfilled when he will return in glory to earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Fulfillment of prophecies ##### +Some of the the prophecies in this chapter were fulfilled in Isaiah's lifetime while others are fulfilled in the distant future. Some scholars believe that there can be multiple fulfillments of each of these prophecies, while others see only one complete fulfillment. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/01.md b/isa/10/01.md index 5ad58daaba..da3d473bed 100644 --- a/isa/10/01.md +++ b/isa/10/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# to those who enact unjust laws and write unfair decrees -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "to those who make laws and decrees that are not fair to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# They deprive the needy of justice, rob the poor of my people of their rights -* **to those who enact unjust laws and institute unfair decrees** - "to those who make laws and decrees that are not fair to everyone" -* **They deprive the needy of justice, rob the poor of my people of their rights** - "They are unjust to the poor and needy among my people" -* **the needy** - "poor people" -* **plunder widows** - "take everything from the women whose husbands have died" -* **and make the fatherless their prey** - Isaiah compares orphans to animals that other animals hunt and eat. This emphasizes that orphans are powerless and judges can easily harm them. Alternate translation: "and harm children who do not have parents like an animal that goes after its prey." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **prey** - See how you translated "prey" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:29]]. +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "They are unjust to the poor and needy among my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the needy + +"poor people" + +# plunder widows + +"take everything from women whose husbands have died" + +# make the fatherless their prey + +Isaiah compares orphans to animals that other animals hunt and eat. This emphasizes that orphans are powerless and judges can easily harm them. AT: "harm children who do not have parents like an animal that goes after its prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prey + +Translated "prey" as in [Isaiah 5:29](../05/29.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/03.md b/isa/10/03.md index a83f0d7c88..1ef52fcddf 100644 --- a/isa/10/03.md +++ b/isa/10/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# What will you do on judgment day ... away? -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. AT: "You will be able to do nothing on judgment day ... away!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# judgment day -* **judgment day** - "the day when God comes to judge you” or ”when God punishes you” -* **What will you do on judgment day when the destruction comes from far** - Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. Alternate translation: "But there is nothing you will be able to do when Yahweh judges you and when those from far away come to destroy you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **To whom will you flee for help, and where will you leave your wealth** - Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. Alternate translation: "There is nowhere to run for help, and you will have nowhere to hide your riches." -* **Nothing remains** - "Nothing remains for you to do." Alternate translation: "There is nothing you can to do to help yourselves." -* **and you crouch among the prisoners or fall among the killed** - "and your enemies will either take you as a prisoner or will kill you" -* **For all this Yahweh's anger does not subside, but his hand is still stretched out to strike** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:25]]. +"the day when Yahweh comes to judge you" or "the day when Yahweh punishes you" + +# To whom will you flee for help, and where will you leave your wealth? + +Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. AT: "You have nowhere to run for help, and you will have nowhere to hide your riches!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Nothing remains, and you crouch + +Possible meanings are 1) "None of your wealth remains as you crouch" or 2) "You can do nothing else but crouch." + +# you crouch among the prisoners or fall among the killed + +"your enemies will either take you as a prisoner or will kill you" + +# In all these things, his anger does not subside + +"Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). + +# his hand is still stretched out + +Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). AT: "he will still be ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/05.md b/isa/10/05.md index f231368585..e5438fa9c7 100644 --- a/isa/10/05.md +++ b/isa/10/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Woe -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This word marks the beginning of God's announcement about a severe punishment against Assyria. -## translationNotes +# the Assyrian -* **Woe** - This word marks the beginning of God's announcement about a severe punishment against Assyria. -* **the Assyrian** - This refers to the king of Assyria. Alternate translation: "king of Assyria." -* **the club of my anger, the rod by whom I wield my fury** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh compares the king of Assyria to a weapon a person holds in his hand and hits other people with it. It emphasizes that the king of Assyria and his army are a tool that Yahweh uses to punish Israel. Alternate translation: "He will be like a weapon in my hands and I will use it to show my anger. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I send him…I order him** - The word "him" here also refers to the king of Assyria. But it does not mean God is only sending the king. He is sending the army of Assyria. Alternate translation: "I send the army of Assyria...I order them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **against an arrogant nation and against the people who bear my overflowing wrath** - "to attack a nation full of proud people that have made me very angry" -* **to take the spoil** - "to take everything they have" -* **to take the prey** - to take the people like prey. "See how you translated "prey" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:29]]. -* **and to trample them like mud in the streets** - Yahweh compares the army of Assyria attacking Israel to people stomping through the mud. This emphasizes the power of the army and Israel will not have the power to stop them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This refers to the king of Assyria. + +# the club of my anger, the rod by whom I wield my fury + +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh compares the king of Assyria to a weapon a person holds in his hand and hits other people with. It emphasizes that the king of Assyria and his army are a tool that Yahweh uses to punish Israel. AT: "who will be like a weapon in my hands that I will use to show my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I send him ... I order him + +The word "him" here also refers to the king of Assyria. But it does not mean God is only sending the king; he is sending with him the army of Assyria. AT: "I send the army of Assyria ... I order them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# against an arrogant nation and against the people who bear my overflowing wrath + +"to attack a nation full of proud people who have made me very angry" + +# who bear my overflowing wrath + +Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were more liquid than a container could hold; "the people" are trying to carry this container, but it is heavy, and Yahweh keeps pouring liquid in even after it starts to spill out. AT: "at whom I continue to be angry even after I have punished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to take the spoil + +"to take everything they have" + +# to take the prey + +to take the people like prey. See how you translated "prey" in [Isaiah 5:29](../05/29.md). + +# trample them like mud + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh compares the army of Assyria attacking Israel to people stomping through mud who do not care what happens to the mud. AT: "trample them until they become like mud" or 2) the people are stomping on other people so they are lying in the mud and unable to rise. This is a metaphor for completely defeating them. AT: "completely defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/07.md b/isa/10/07.md index 6ea14333b4..f8a90ed13e 100644 --- a/isa/10/07.md +++ b/isa/10/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But this is not what he intends, nor does he think this way -* [[en:tw:Damascus]] -* [[en:tw:Samaria]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +The meaning of "this" and "this way" can be made explicit. AT: "But the king of Assyria does not intend to do what I tell him, nor does he think that I am using him as my weapon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# It is in his heart to destroy and eliminate many nations -* **But this is not what he intends, nor does he think this way** - The meaning of "this" and "this way" can be made explicit: "But the king of Assyria does not intend to do what I tell him, nor does he think that I am using him as my weapon." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **It is in his heart to destroy and eliminate many nations** - The words "destroy" and "eliminate" mean basically the same thing. They are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: "He wants to completely destroy many nations." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Are not all my princes kings?** - The king of Assyria uses a question to emphasize what he believes everyone should already know. Alternate translation: "I have made captains of my army kings over lands I have conquered." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is not Calno like Carchemish? Is not Hamath like Arpad? Is not Samaria like Damascus?** - The king of Assyria uses these questions for emphasis. Alternate translation: "Calno is no different than Carchemish. Hamath is no different than Arpad. Samaria is no different than Damascus. I have conquered them all!" -* **Calno…Carchemish…Hamath…Arpad** - These are all names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The words "destroy" and "eliminate" mean basically the same thing. They are used for emphasis. AT: "He wants to completely destroy many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Are not all my princes kings? + +The king of Assyria uses a question to emphasize what he believes everyone should already know. AT: "I have made captains of my army kings over lands I have conquered!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is not Kalno like Carchemish? Is not Hamath like Arpad? Is not Samaria like Damascus? + +The king of Assyria uses these questions for emphasis. AT: "Kalno is no different from Carchemish. Hamath is no different from Arpad. Samaria is no different from Damascus. I have conquered them all!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Kalno ... Carchemish ... Hamath ... Arpad + +These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/10.md b/isa/10/10.md index 1d9a163153..3c74c6fbbd 100644 --- a/isa/10/10.md +++ b/isa/10/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +Yahweh continues to quote what the king of Assyria says. (See: [Isaiah 10:8](./07.md)) -## translationNotes +# As my hand has overcome -* Yahweh continues to quote what the king of Assyria says. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:10:07]]) -* **As my hand has overcome** - "As my powerful army has defeated" or "As I have conquered." Here the word "my" refers to the king of Assyria. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **whose carved figures were greater** - During this time people believed the power of a kingdom indicated the power of the god they worshiped. The king of Assyria is saying that he can defeat Jerusalem since he has defeated other kingdoms that were more powerful than Jerusalem. -* **just as I did to Samaria and her worthless idols** - The word "Samaria" refers to the people who lived there. And, "her" refers to the city of Samaria. Cities and nations were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: "just as I did to the people of Samaria and their worthless idols." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will I not also do the same to Jerusalem and to her idols?** - The king of Assyria used this question to emphasize the certainty that he will conquer the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "I will certainly do the same to Jerusalem and her idols!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Hand" is a reference to military strength. AT: "As my powerful army has defeated" or "As I have conquered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my + +This refers to the king of Assyria. + +# whose carved figures were greater + +During this time people believed that the greatness of an idol showed how powerful the kingdom that had built it was. The king of Assyria is saying that because the idols in Jerusalem are not as great as the idols of the kingdoms he has defeated, Jerusalem would be less able to defeat him than they were. + +# just as I did to Samaria and her worthless idols + +The word "Samaria" refers to the people who lived there, and "her" refers to the city of Samaria. Cities and nations were often spoken of as if they were women. AT: "just as I did to the people of Samaria and their worthless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will I not also do the same to Jerusalem and to her idols? + +The king of Assyria used this question to emphasize the certainty that he will conquer the people of Jerusalem. AT: "I will certainly do the same to Jerusalem and her idols!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/12.md b/isa/10/12.md index 77a985f09f..b42ee8aff7 100644 --- a/isa/10/12.md +++ b/isa/10/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# When the Lord has finished his work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else. "When I, the Lord, have finished my work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish" -## translationNotes +# his work on ... and on -* **When the Lord has finished his work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, he will speak: "I will punish** - It is unclear whether Isaiah or Yahweh is saying the first part of this sentence. Alternate translation: "When I, the Lord, have finished punishing Mount Zion and Jerusalem, I will punish." -* **I will punish the speech of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and his prideful looks** - "I will punish the king of Assyria for the arrogant things he said and the look of pride on his face." -* **For he says** - "For the king of Assyria says" -* **I have removed the boundaries of the peoples** - Here the word "I" refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. Alternate translation: "my army has removed the boundaries of the peoples." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **and like a mighty man** - Possible meanings are 1) "and like a powerful soldier" or 2) "and like a ferocious bull." (UDB) This compares the king and his army to a large beast. This emphasizes their power. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I have brought down those who sit on thrones** - "I have defeated their kings." Alternate translation: "my army has defeated their kings." +his work of punishing. "punishing ... and punishing" + +# I will punish the speech of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and his prideful looks + +"I will punish the king of Assyria for the arrogant things he said and the look of pride on his face" + +# For he says + +"For the king of Assyria says" + +# I have removed ... I have stolen + +Here the word "I" refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. AT: "my army has removed ... They have stolen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# like a bull + +"as strong as a bull". Some ancient texts read, "like a mighty man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I have brought down the inhabitants + +Possible meanings are 1) the king of Assyria has shamed the people of the countries he conquered or 2) he has removed the kings of the nations so they no longer rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have brought + +Here the word "I" refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. AT: "I and my army have brought" or "we have brought (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/14.md b/isa/10/14.md index 669b3cf34b..4f585fdf4b 100644 --- a/isa/10/14.md +++ b/isa/10/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Yahweh is still quoting the king of Assyria. (See: [Isaiah 10:13](./12.md)) -## translationNotes +# My hand has seized -* Yahweh is still quoting the king of Assyria. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:10:12]]) -* **My hand has seized, as from a nest, the wealth of nations** - The king of Assyria compares taking the treasures from the nations to a person taking eggs out of a bird's nest. This emphasizes how easy it was for him and his army to conquer these other kingdoms. Alternate translation: "My army has stolen the wealth from the nations just as easily as a man takes eggs from a nest." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and as one gathers abandoned eggs, I gathered all the earth** - "and just as a person takes eggs from a nest when the bird is not there to protect them, my army has taken the treasures of every nation." -* **None fluttered their wings or opened their mouth or chirped** - This compares the nations to a bird who sits quietly while her eggs are taken. This emphasizes that the nations did nothing while the army of Assyria took all of their possessions. Alternate translation: "And like a bird that does not make a sound or flap her wings when someone steals her eggs, the nations did nothing as we took their treasure." +The hand is a metonym for either the king's power or his army. AT: "In my power I have seized" or "My army has seized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My hand has seized, as from a nest, the wealth of nations + +The king of Assyria compares taking the treasures from the nations to a person taking eggs out of a bird's nest. This emphasizes how easy it was for him and his army to conquer these other kingdoms. AT: "My army has stolen the wealth from the nations just as easily as a man takes eggs from a nest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as one gathers abandoned eggs, I gathered all the earth + +The king of Assyria speaks of taking over nations as if he was gathering eggs. AT: "just as a person takes eggs from a nest when the bird is not there to protect them, my army has taken the treasures of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# None fluttered their wings or opened their mouth or chirped + +This compares the nations to a bird who sits quietly while her eggs are taken. This emphasizes that the nations did nothing while the army of Assyria took all of their possessions. AT: "And like a bird that does not make a sound or flap her wings when someone steals her eggs, the nations did nothing as we took their treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/15.md b/isa/10/15.md index 48a5e28776..2220bec4af 100644 --- a/isa/10/15.md +++ b/isa/10/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Will the ax boast about itself against the one who wields it? Will the saw praise itself more than the one who cuts with it? -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The speaker uses these questions to mock the king of Assyria. AT: "An ax cannot boast that it is better than the one who holds it. And a saw does not get more glory than the one who cuts with it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the saw -* **Will the axe boast about itself against the one who wields it? Will the saw praise itself more than the one who cuts with it** - The speaker uses these questions to mock the king of Assyria. Alternate translation: "An axe is not better than the one who holds it. And a saw does not get more glory than the one who cuts with it." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the saw** - a sharp tool used for cutting wood -* **as if a rod could lift up those who raise it, or as if a wooden club could lift up a person** - These phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to strengthen the meaning of the two questions before it. This could be translated as a new sentence: "And neither can a rod or staff lift the person who picks it up." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Therefore the Lord Yahweh of Hosts will send emaciation among his elite warriors** - It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. Alternate translation: "Therefore I, Lord Yahweh of Hosts, will make the king's strongest soldiers weak." -* **under his glory there will be kindled a burning like fire** - Yahweh compares his punishment to a fire. This emphasizes that his punishment will completely destroy all the splendor and greatness of the kingdom of Assyria. Alternate translation: "like a burning fire I will destroy his greatness" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +a sharp tool used for cutting wood + +# It is as if a rod could lift up those who raise it, or as if a wooden club could lift up a person + +These phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to strengthen the meaning of the two questions before it. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "And neither can a rod or staff lift the person who picks it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Therefore the Lord Yahweh of hosts will send emaciation among his elite warriors + +It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "emaciation" is expressed as the verb "make weak." AT: "Therefore I, Lord Yahweh of hosts, will make the king's strongest soldiers weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# under his glory there will be kindled a burning like fire + +Yahweh compares his punishment to a fire. This emphasizes that his punishment will completely destroy all the splendor and greatness of the kingdom of Assyria. AT: "I will destroy his greatness as if I were starting a fire to burn everything he is proud of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/17.md b/isa/10/17.md index e8c303c87f..a14b858669 100644 --- a/isa/10/17.md +++ b/isa/10/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The light of Israel will become a fire -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The phrase "light of Israel" refers to Yahweh. It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. AT: "I, Yahweh, the light of Israel, will become like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# fire -* **The light of Israel will become a fire** - The phrase "light of Israel" refers to Yahweh. It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. Alternate translation: "I, Yahweh, the light of Israel, will become like a fire." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) Becoming like a fire emphasizes Yahweh's power to destroy everything that does not honor him. -* **her Holy One a flame** - "I, Yahweh, the Holy one of Israel, will become like a flame." See how you translated "Holy One" in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. -* **it will burn and devour his thorns and briers** - "The fire will burn and devour the king of Assyria's thorns and briars." The speaker compares the king of Assyria's army to thorns and briers. This emphasizes how easily God will destroy them. Alternate translation: "I will destroy the Assyrians like a fire burning thorns and briers." -* **thorns and briers** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:05:05]]. -* **Yahweh will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful land** - "Yahweh will consume the glory of the king of Assyria's forest and fruitful land." Possible meaning are 1) "Yahweh will destroy the great forests and farmlands in the nation of Assyria" or 2) "Yahweh will destroy the army of Assyria as a fire burns up great forests and farmlands." -* **soul and body** - Possible meanings are 1) this emphasizes that God will completely destroy the forests and farmlands. Alternate translation: "completely" or 2) this means God will completely destroy the people of Assyria. The phrase "soul and body" refers to the spiritual part and the physical part of a person. This could be translated as a new sentence: "I will destroy both the soul and the body of the people of Assyria." -* **it will be like when a sick man's life wastes away** - This compares either the forests and farmlands of Assyria or the army of Assyria to a sick man as he lies in bed dying. This emphasizes how something so great can become weak and dying. Alternate translation: "they will be like a sick man who grows weak and dies." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **The remnant of the trees of his forest will be so few,** - "what remains of the trees in the king's forest will be so few" +"Fire" emphasizes Yahweh's power to destroy everything that does not honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his Holy One a flame + +"I, Yahweh, the Holy one of Israel, will become like a flame." See how you translated "Holy One" in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). + +# it will burn and devour his thorns and briers + +"The fire will burn and devour the king of Assyria's thorns and briars." The speaker compares the king of Assyria's army to thorns and briers. This emphasizes how easily God will destroy them. AT: "I will destroy the Assyrians like a fire burning thorns and briers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thorns ... briers + +The words "briers" and "thorns" both refer to useless, thorny plants; they can be translated using one expression. See how you translated these words in [Isaiah 7:23](../07/23.md). AT: "thorn bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Yahweh will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful land + +Possible meaning are 1) "Yahweh will destroy the great forests and farmlands in the nation of Assyria" or 2) "Yahweh will destroy the army of Assyria as a fire burns up great forests and farmlands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# both soul and body + +Possible meanings are 1) this emphasizes that God will completely destroy the forests and farmlands. AT: "completely" or 2) this means God will completely destroy the people of Assyria. The phrase "soul and body" refers to the spiritual part and the physical part of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# it will be like when a sick man's life wastes away + +This compares either the forests and farmlands of Assyria or the army of Assyria to a sick man as he lies in bed dying. This emphasizes how something so great can become weak and dying. AT: "they will be like a sick man who grows weak and dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The remnant of the trees of his forest will be so few + +"What remains of the trees in the king's forest will be so few" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/20.md b/isa/10/20.md index 132f4dbf20..4d3962e3c0 100644 --- a/isa/10/20.md +++ b/isa/10/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# On that day -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the time when God does the things that are described in [Isaiah 10:16-19](./15.md). AT: "At that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# that has escaped -* **On that day** - This refers to the day when God does the things that are described in [[en:bible:notes:isa:10:15]]. -* **that has escaped** - The meaning can be made explicit: "that has escaped from the army of Assyria. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **will no longer rely on him who struck them** - "will no longer rely on the king of Assyria who harmed them" -* **Holy One** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. +The meaning can be made explicit. AT: "that has escaped from the army of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will no longer rely on the one who defeated them + +"will no longer rely on the king of Assyria, who harmed them" + +# Holy One + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/22.md b/isa/10/22.md index 0188f7ea3a..c3ef372b87 100644 --- a/isa/10/22.md +++ b/isa/10/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# your people, Israel, are -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Here "your" is singular. Possible interpretations are 1) God is speaking to Isaiah and "your" refers to Isaiah. AT: "your people Israel are" or 2) Isaiah or God is speaking to the nation of Israel and "your" refers to the nation. AT: "your people, O Israel, are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# are like the sand of the seashore -* **your people, Israel** - Here "your" is singular. Possible interpretations are 1) God is speaking to Isaiah and "your" refers to Isaiah, or 2) Isaiah or God is speaking to the nation of Israel and "your" refers to the nation. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (UDB) or "your people, O Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **are like the sand of the seashore** - This emphasizes that there were a great number of people of Israel. Alternate translation: "are too many to count like the sand on the seashore." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Destruction is decreed** - Alternate translation: "Yahweh has decreed that he will destroy most of those who live in Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **as overflowing righteousness demands** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "This must be done for the sake of perfect righteousness" or Yahweh must do this because he is completely righteous." -* **carry out the destruction determined throughout the land** - Possible meanings are 1) "destroy everything in the land just as he has determined to do" or 2) "destroy the people in the land just as he has determined to do." -* **determined** - decided +This emphasizes that there were a great number of people of Israel. AT: "are too many to count, like the sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Destruction is decreed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has decreed that he will destroy most of those who live in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as overflowing righteousness demands + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "This must be done for the sake of perfect righteousness" or "Yahweh must do this because he is completely righteous" + +# carry out the destruction determined throughout the land + +Possible meanings are 1) "destroy everything in the land just as he has determined to do" or 2) "destroy the people in the land just as he has determined to do." + +# determined + +"decided" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/24.md b/isa/10/24.md index 12045889ca..f81d6f19b2 100644 --- a/isa/10/24.md +++ b/isa/10/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the Assyrian -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah speaks of the king of Assyria and his army as if he were one man. AT: "the king of Assyria and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# He will strike you with the rod and raise his staff against you -* **the Assyrian** - This refers primarily to the king of Assyria, and also to the army of Assyria that he will send. -* **He will strike you with the rod and raise his staff against you** - Possible meanings are 1) "The Assyrian army will attack you with rods and sticks" or 2) "The king will send his army to attack you with rods and clubs." -* **as the Egyptians did** - The full meaning can be made explicit: "as the Egyptians beat your ancestors many years ago." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The words "rod" and "staff" refer to pieces of wood that people use as clubs to beat animals and other people. Isaiah speaks of the way the Assyrians will rule over the Israelites as if the Assyrians were beating the Israelites with clubs. AT: "He will rule over you and make slaves of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will strike + +The word "He" refers to "the Assyrian" which represents the king of Assyria and his army. AT: "He and his army will strike" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# as the Egyptians did + +The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "as the Egyptians ruled over your ancestors and made them slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my anger will lead to his destruction + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I will destroy him because I am angry with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/26.md b/isa/10/26.md index 6921df3f18..d8be03677b 100644 --- a/isa/10/26.md +++ b/isa/10/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## translationNotes +# will wield a whip against them -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **will wield a whip against them** - "will beat the Assyrians with a whip." God will not really use a whip. This refers to God's power to punish the Assyrians severely. Alternate translation: "will punish the Assyrians severely as if with a whip" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **like when he struck down Midian at the rock of Oreb** - This refers to when God helped a man named Gideon defeat the army of Midian. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He will raise his rod over the sea and lift it up as he did in Egypt** - This refers to when God caused the water of the Red Sea to split so the people of Israel could escape from the Egyptian army and so that the Egyptian army would drown in it. Alternate translation: "He will help you escape from the army of Assyria as he helped your ancestors escape the army of Egypt." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his burden is lifted from your shoulder and his yoke from off your neck** - "Yahweh will lift the burden that Assyria has put on your shoulder, and he will remove the yoke that they have put on your neck." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The words "burden" and "yoke" refer to slavery. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will remove the Assyrians who oppress you and will stop them from making you their slaves." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the yoke will be destroyed because your neck will be too fat for it** - "you will not longer be enslaved and life will be good for you." +"will beat the Assyrians with a whip." God will not really use a whip. This refers to God's power to punish the Assyrians severely. AT: "will punish the Assyrians severely as if with a whip" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as when he defeated Midian at the rock of Oreb + +This refers to when God helped a man named Gideon defeat the army of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He will raise his rod over the sea and lift it up as he did in Egypt + +This speaks of God rescuing the people from the Assyrians as if they were the Egyptian army. This refers to when God caused the water of the Red Sea to split so the people of Israel could escape from the Egyptian army and so that the Egyptian army would drown in it. AT: "He will help you escape from the army of Assyria as he helped your ancestors escape the army of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his burden is lifted from your shoulder and his yoke from off your neck + +"Yahweh will lift the burden that Assyria has put on your shoulder, and he will remove the yoke that they have put on your neck." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The words "burden" and "yoke" refer to slavery. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will remove the Assyrians who oppress you and will stop them from making you their slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the yoke will be destroyed because of fatness + +This expression suggests that the neck of the animal that is wearing the yoke will become too fat to fit the yoke any longer. This is a metaphor for Israel becoming so strong that the Assyrians can no longer rule them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "your neck will become so fat that it will break the yoke" or "you will become so strong that you will no longer be the Assyrians' slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/28.md b/isa/10/28.md index ffa80d2499..c7d3bae504 100644 --- a/isa/10/28.md +++ b/isa/10/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# has come ... has passed ... has stored ... have crossed ... lodge ... trembles ... has fled -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] +Isaiah speaks of these future events as though they have already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# Aiath ... Migron ... Michmash ... Geba ... Ramah ... Gibeah -* **Aiath…Migron…Michmash…Geba…Ramah…Gibeah** - These are all cities and villages near Jerusalem that the army of Assyria went through and caused trouble in. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ramah trembles and Gibeah of Saul has fled** - "The people of Ramah tremble and the people of Gibeah of Saul have fled" +These are all cities and villages near Jerusalem that the army of Assyria went through and caused trouble in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ramah trembles and Gibeah of Saul has fled + +Here "Ramah" and "Gibeah of Saul" refer to the people who lived in those cities. AT: "The people of Ramah tremble and the people of Gibeah of Saul have fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/30.md b/isa/10/30.md index d67c95b77f..550985b5d8 100644 --- a/isa/10/30.md +++ b/isa/10/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# daughter of Gallim -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The word "daughter" here refers to the people who live in the city. AT: "Gallim" or "people of Gallim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Gallim ... Laishah ... Anathoth ... Madmenah ... Gebim ... Nob -* **daughter of Gallim** - The word "daughter" here refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: "Gallim" or "people of Gallim." -* **Gallim…Laishah…Anathoth…Madmenah…Gebim…Nob** - These are names of more cities and villages near Jerusalem that the Assyrian army traveled through causing fear among the people. All of these refer to the people who live in these places. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **he will halt at Nob and shake his fist at the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem ** - Here "he" and "his" refer to the king of Assyria and his soldiers. People would shake their fists at people that they were threatening. Alternate translation: "The army of Assyria will stop at Nob and threaten the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem** - Both of these phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: "the people of Mount Zion" or "the people living on the hill in Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These are names of more cities and villages near Jerusalem that the Assyrian army traveled through causing fear among the people. All of these refer to the people who live in these places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he will halt at Nob and shake his fist + +Here "he" and "his" refer to the king of Assyria and his soldiers. People would shake their fists at people whom they were threatening. AT: "the army of Assyria will stop at Nob and threaten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the mountain of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem + +The words "mount" and "hill" are metonyms for the people who live on them. The words "mount of the daughter of Zion" mean almost the same thing as the words "hill of Jerusalem." See how they are translated in [Isaiah 2:14](../02/14.md). AT: "the people of Mount Zion and the people living on the hill in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/33.md b/isa/10/33.md index 914b9dd096..382ddaf098 100644 --- a/isa/10/33.md +++ b/isa/10/33.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This can be translated as "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts -* **Behold** - This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **will lop off the boughs...and Lebanon in his majesty will fall** - In 10:33-34 Isaiah compares the army of Assyria to the tall trees in Lebanon. God will destroy the army like people cutting down the mighty trees of Lebanon. This emphasizes that though the army is strong God has the power to destroy them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **will lop off the boughs** - "will cut off the big branches of the trees." In order to make it clear that this refers to the army of Assyria, it can be translated as a simile: He will destroy the army of Assyria like strong men cutting off the big branches of trees." -* **with a terrifying crash** - This can be translated with a verb: "and the branches will crash down on the ground and make a terrifying noise" or "and the branches will fall to the ground with a very loud noise." -* **the tallest trees will be cut down** - This can be translated with an active verb: "he will cut down the tallest trees" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the lofty will be brought low** - This can be translated with an active verb: "He will humble the proud people." -* **the thickets of the forest** - "the dense shrubs in the forest" -* **Lebanon in his majesty will fall** - "the forests of Lebanon will no longer be so grand." +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# will lop off the boughs ... and Lebanon in his majesty will fall + +Isaiah speaks of the army of Assyria as if it were the tall trees in Lebanon. God will destroy the army like people cutting down the mighty trees of Lebanon. This emphasizes that though the army is strong, God has the power to destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will lop off the boughs + +"will cut off the big branches of the trees." In order to make it clear that this refers to the army of Assyria, it can be translated as a simile: He will destroy the army of Assyria like strong men cutting off the big branches of trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with a terrifying crash + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "crash" is expressed as the verb "make a noise." AT: "and the branches will crash down on the ground and make a terrifying noise" or "and the branches will fall to the ground with a very loud noise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the tallest trees will be cut down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will cut down the tallest trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the tallest trees + +This is a metaphor for "the strongest soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the lofty will be brought low + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will bring down the lofty people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lofty + +proud + +# the thickets of the forest + +"the dense shrubs in the forest." This is possibly a metaphor for those people who are not well known. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lebanon in his majesty will fall + +"the forests of Lebanon will no longer be so grand." This is possibly a metaphor for the Assyrian army. AT: "Yahweh will defeat the army of Assyria, as mighty as it is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/intro.md b/isa/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c495ed843a --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins with a prophecy that is a continuation of the prophecy beginning in 8:22. Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:1-11, 13-14, 15-19, 27-34, which are extended quotations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's sovereignty ##### +Yahweh has so much power and authority that he controls all of the nations. He even controls the nations who do not worship him. He uses Assyria to punish the kingdom of Israel. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to make statements about Israel's sin. The Assyrians use rhetorical questions in order to boast in their pride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/01.md b/isa/11/01.md index cb8f4e8f3c..3e23328b06 100644 --- a/isa/11/01.md +++ b/isa/11/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A shoot will sprout from the stump of Jesse ... a branch out of his roots will bear fruit -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah speaks of Jesse and his descendants as if they were a tree that had been cut down. Both of these phrases tell about a descendant of Jesse who would be king. AT: "As a shoot sprouts out of a tree stump, so a descendant of Jesse will become king over what remains of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the stump of Jesse +A stump is what remains of a tree after it is chopped down. The "stump of Jesse" represents what was left of the kingdom that Jesse's son David was once king of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The Spirit of Yahweh will rest upon him + +Resting upon him represents being with him and helping him. The word "him" refers to the one who would become king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Spirit of wisdom ... the Spirit of instruction ... the Spirit of knowledge ... the fear of Yahweh + +Here the word "Spirit" refers to an ability or quality that the Spirit of Yahweh would give him. AT: "and he will cause him to have wisdom and understanding, instruction and might, knowledge and the fear of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/03.md b/isa/11/03.md index fb6b6596a9..6293280861 100644 --- a/isa/11/03.md +++ b/isa/11/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] +Isaiah continues to describe the king. -## translationNotes +# he will not judge by what his eyes see -* Isaiah continues to describe the Messiah. -* **He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked** - AT: "He will speak and judge against the wicked like he is using a weapon to kill his enemies." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The phrase "what his eyes see" refers to seeing things that are not important for judging a person rightly. AT: "he will not judge a person simply by seeing what the person looks like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nor decide by what his ears hear + +"and he will not decide by what his ears hear." The phrase "what his ears hear" refers to hearing what people say about someone. AT: "and he will not judge a person simply by hearing what others say about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the poor ... the humble ... the wicked + +These phrases refer to people who have these qualities. AT: "poor people ... humble people ... wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth ... with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth + +The word "earth" here represents the people on earth. Striking them with the rod of his mouth represents judging them, and that judgement will lead to punishment. AT: "He will judge the people of the earth, and they will be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked + +The "breath of his lips" represents him judging them. AT: "he will judge wicked people, and they will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the belt of his waist ... the belt around his hips + +Possible meanings are 1) the belt is used to secure one's clothes so he can work, or 2) the belt is an undergarment, or 3) the belt is a sash that a king wears to show his authority. + +# Righteousness will be the belt of his waist + +Wearing righteousness like a belt represents being righteous. Possible meanings are 1) the king's righteousness will enable him to rule. AT: "His righteousness will be a like a belt around his waist" or 2) the king's righteousness would show his authority to rule. AT: "He will rule righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# faithfulness the belt around his hips + +The words "will be" are understood in this phrase. AT: "faithfulness will be the belt around his hips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# faithfulness the belt around his hips + +Wearing faithfulness like a belt represents being faithful. Possible meanings are 1) the king's faithfulness will enable him to rule, or 2) the king's faithfulness will show his authority to rule. AT: "his faithfulness will be a like a belt around his hips" or "he will rule faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/06.md b/isa/11/06.md index a4d8cf9242..8e01f48311 100644 --- a/isa/11/06.md +++ b/isa/11/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:wolf]] +Isaiah describes what the world will be like when the king rules. There will be complete peace in the world. This is shown by the peace that there will be even among animals. Animals that normally kill other animals will not kill them, and they will all be safe together. -## translationNotes +# The wolf ... the leopard ... the young lion ... the bear ... The lion -* Isaiah describes what the world will be like when the Messiah comes. -* **leopard** - a large cat with yellow fur and black spots that kills and eats other animals -* **bear** - a very large animal with thick hair and sharp claws that kills and eats other animals +These phrases refer to these animals in general, not to a specific wolf or leopard. These are all strong animals that attack and eat other animals. AT: "Wolves ... leopards ... young lions ... bears ... Lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the lamb ... the young goat ... the calf ... the fattened calf ... The cow ... the ox + +The phrases refer to these animals in general, not to a specific lamb or goat. These are all animals that eat grass and straw. Other animals sometimes attack and eat them. AT: "lambs ... young goats ... calves ... fattened calves ... Cows ... oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# leopard + +a large cat with yellow fur and black spots that kills and eats other animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the calf, the young lion and the fattened calf, together + +The phrase "will be" is understood. AT: "the calf, the lion, and the fattened calf will be together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# bear + +a very large animal with thick hair and sharp claws that kills and eats other animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# A little child will lead them + +A child will take care of them and lead them to good places to drink water and eat grass or hay. + +# will graze together + +"will eat grass together" + +# their young + +This refers to the animals' offspring shortly after they are born. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/08.md b/isa/11/08.md index 87d6af9e47..3363953d60 100644 --- a/isa/11/08.md +++ b/isa/11/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues to describe the complete peace in the world when the king rules. -## translationNotes +# A baby will play over the hole of the snake -* Isaiah continues to describe the complete peace on earth when the Messiah comes. -* **weaned** - a child who no longer drinks mother's milk -* **my holy mountain** - This refers to Mount Zion which is Jerusalem. It is unclear who is speaking here. AT: "his holy mountain." +It can be stated clearly that the baby will be safe because the snake will not bite it. AT: "Babies will play safely over the hole of the snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the snake ... the serpent's den + +These phrases refer to poisonous snakes in general. AT: "snakes ... serpents' dens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the weaned child + +a child who no longer drinks its mother's milk + +# on all my holy mountain + +The "holy mountain" is Mount Zion, in Jerusalem. AT: "on all of Yahweh's holy mountain" + +# the earth will be full of knowledge of Yahweh + +The phrase "knowledge of Yahweh" represents people who know Yahweh. AT: "the earth will be full of those who know Yahweh" or "those who know Yahweh will cover the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as the waters cover the sea + +This phrase is used to show how full the earth will be of people who know Yahweh. It may be clearer that it does this if its words are similar to the words in the previous phrase. AT: "as the seas are full of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/10.md b/isa/11/10.md index 5797b74d95..6a4317f422 100644 --- a/isa/11/10.md +++ b/isa/11/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the root of Jesse -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:shinar]] +This refers to Jesse's and King David's descendant who would become the king that was told about in [Isaiah 1:1](./01.md). AT: "Jesse's descendant king" or "the king descended from Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# will stand as a banner for the peoples -* **the Lord will again extend his hand to recover the remnant of his people** - “The Lord will again use his power to bring back the remnant of his people” -* **Pathros... Elam ... Hamath** - These are names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +A banner is a flag that a king would raise as a sign for people to see it and come to him. AT: "will be like a sign for the peoples" or "will attract the peoples to come to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The nations + +"The people of the nations" + +# the Lord will again extend his hand to recover the remnant of his people + +The hand is a reference to God's power. AT: "the Lord will again use his power to bring back the remnant of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Pathros ... Elam ... Hamath + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/12.md b/isa/11/12.md index 0a7a649c07..4e33450413 100644 --- a/isa/11/12.md +++ b/isa/11/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He will set up a banner for the nations -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Possible meanings are 1) "The Lord will set up the king as a banner for the nations" or 2) "The king will set up a banner for the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a banner for the nations -* **He will set up a banner for the nations** - AT: "Yahweh will set up the Messiah like a flag for the nations to see." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and those hostile to Judah will be cut off** - The word "Judah" refers to the people in the southern kingdom of Judah. AT: "and he will remove those in Israel that are hostile towards those in Judah." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"a flag for the nations to see" or "a flag to call the nations to himself" + +# the dispersed of Judah + +"the people of Judah who had been scattered around the world" + +# from the four corners of the earth + +The earth is pictured as if it has four corners, and those corners are its most distant places. This refers to everywhere on earth where those people might be. AT: "from even the most distant places of the earth" or "from all over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He will turn aside the envy of Ephraim + +Ephraim here refers to the descendants of the northern kingdom of Israel. The noun "envy" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "He will stop the people of Ephraim from being envious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Judah will no longer be hostile to Ephraim + +Judah here refers to the descendants of the southern kingdom. This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "he will stop the people of Judah from being hostile" or "he will stop the people of Judah from hating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/14.md b/isa/11/14.md index 35f41ddc84..73c94e2ffe 100644 --- a/isa/11/14.md +++ b/isa/11/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they will swoop down on the Philistine hills -* [[en:tw:amnon]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The people of Israel and Judah are pictured as if they were birds that fly down quickly to attack a person or animal. AT: "they will go quickly to the Philistine hills to attack the people there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the gulf of the Sea of Egypt -* **the gulf of the sea of Egypt** - A "gulf" is a large area of water that land partly surrounds. Alternate translation: "the sea of Egypt" +A "gulf" is a large area of water that land partly surrounds. + +# With his scorching wind he will wave his hand over the Euphrates River + +Waving his hand over something represents his power to change it. AT: "By his power he will cause a scorching wind to blow on the Euphrates River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his scorching wind + +This is a strong or hot wind that causes some of the water in rivers to dry up. + +# so it can be crossed over in sandals + +"so that people can cross over it even while wearing their sandals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/16.md b/isa/11/16.md index bde45dfa63..81e65b09c5 100644 --- a/isa/11/16.md +++ b/isa/11/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# There will be a highway -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +A highway is a large road that many people can travel on. "Yahweh will make a road" -## translationNotes +# in their coming up from the land of Egypt -* **There will be a highway** - "Yahweh will make a road" +"when they came up from the land of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/intro.md b/isa/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b28220eca7 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +The prophecies of this chapter focus on the coming messiah. Some of these prophecies concern the first coming of Jesus, while some reference a future day of restoration. The author transitions between these time periods without telling his reader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Ambiguity ##### +It is uncertain what period of time these prophecies refer to or who will fulfill them. The translator should allow this uncertainty and ambiguity to remain. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/12/01.md b/isa/12/01.md index 6218eeedee..8f4431f55f 100644 --- a/isa/12/01.md +++ b/isa/12/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Isaiah continues to describe what it will be like when the king that God has chosen rules. (See: [Isaiah 11:1-2](../11/01.md)) -## translationNotes +# On that day -* 2]]) -* **On that day** - "On the day when God saves his people and brings them home" -* **you will say** - The word "you" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah includes himself as part of Israel. AT: "we will say." -* **I will give thanks to you, Yahweh. For though you were angry with me, your wrath has turned away, and you have comforted me** - AT: "We praise and thank you, Yahweh. Now your anger is gone and you comfort us." +It can be stated clearly what time is being referred to. AT: "At that time" or "When the king rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your wrath has turned away + +God's wrath is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away and leave. It means that God has stopped being angry. AT: "You are no longer angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# God is my salvation + +God causing someone's salvation is spoken of as if God were that salvation. The abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the noun "savior" or the verb "save". AT: "God causes my salvation" or "God is my savior" or "God is the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Yahweh is my strength + +God causing someone to be strong is spoken of as if Yahweh were their strength. AT: "Yahweh makes me strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# song + +The word "song" here represents what a person sings about. AT: "the one I joyfully sing about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has become my salvation + +"He has saved me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/12/03.md b/isa/12/03.md index 3c008e741a..70247e602c 100644 --- a/isa/12/03.md +++ b/isa/12/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:well]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah speaks of people being saved as if they were getting salvation the way people get water out of well. AT: "you will rejoice when he saves you, as people rejoice when they draw water from a well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# call upon his name -* 2]]) -* **With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation** - The word "you" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah includes himself as part of Israel. AT: "We will be refreshed as with water because God has rescued us.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **call upon his name** - Here "name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "speak loudly to Yahweh and praise him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **declare his deeds among the peoples, proclaim that his name is exalted** - "tell everyone in the world what Yahweh has done and that he is great" +Here "his name" refers to Yahweh. Calling on him represents either praising him or asking him for help. AT: "praise him loudly" or "call to him to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# declare his deeds among the peoples + +The noun "deeds" can be expressed with the phrase "what he has done". AT: "Tell the peoples about the great things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# proclaim that his name is exalted + +Here "his name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "proclaim that he is exalted" or "proclaim that he is great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/12/05.md b/isa/12/05.md index 52d5ced1d9..5053ec4b27 100644 --- a/isa/12/05.md +++ b/isa/12/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah continues to tell what the people will say when the king rules. -## translationNotes +# for great in your midst is the Holy One of Israel -* **for great in your midst is the Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated "Holy One" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. Alternate translation: "because the Holy One who lives among us in mighty" +"because the Holy One of Israel, who lives among you, is mighty" or "because the Holy One of Israel is mighty and he lives among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/12/intro.md b/isa/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48f54570e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Isaiah 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +The time of this day is unclear. It may be a time in the near future for Isaiah, or a time in the distant future for him. In the latter case, it would reference the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Tense ##### +Extra care must be taken in translating the tense of this chapter. The author talks about the future, but frequently changes to speak in the present tense. Some languages will have difficulty speaking in this way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/01.md b/isa/13/01.md index e93d59d660..000faa8364 100644 --- a/isa/13/01.md +++ b/isa/13/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# about Babylon -* [[en:tw:amoz]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:exult]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +The name of the city stands for the people of Babylon. AT: "about the people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Amoz -* **about Babylon** - AT: "about the people of Babylon." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **son of Amoz** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:01]]. -* **signal flag** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:26]]. -* **into the gates of the nobles** - "into the gates of Babylon where the noble people live" -* **my consecrated ones** - "the army that I have set apart for myself" -* **I have called my mighty men to execute my anger, even my proudly exulting ones** - "I have called my mighty soldiers, who rejoice when I am honored, to punish the people of Babylon because they have made me angry." +Amoz was the father of Isaiah. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# cry aloud to them + +The word "them" refers to soldiers from another country. + +# the gates of the nobles + +Possible meanings are 1) "the gates of Babylon where the nobles live" or 2) "the gates of the nobles' large houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nobles + +"the respected people" or "the rulers" + +# my holy ones + +"the ones I have set apart for myself" or "the army that I have set apart for myself" + +# I have called my mighty men to execute my anger + +Executing God's anger represents punishing people because of God's anger. AT: "I have called my mighty soldiers to punish the people of Babylon because they have made me angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# even my proudly exulting ones + +"even those who proudly exult." Why they proudly exult can be stated clearly. AT: "even my people who proudly exult because of the great things I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/04.md b/isa/13/04.md index 64850161f6..345ac3cd87 100644 --- a/isa/13/04.md +++ b/isa/13/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The noise of a multitude in the mountains, as of many people -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The words "there is" are understood. The phrases "multitude" and "many people" mean the same thing. AT: "There is the noise of many people in the mountains" or "There is the noise of a great crowd of people in the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# The noise of a tumult of the kingdoms like many nations gathered together -* This continues the prophecy about the people of Babylon. Isaiah is speaking. -* **The noise of a multitude in the mountains, as of many people!** - AT: "There is a sound of many people in the mountains!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **is mustering** - "is gathering" +The words "there is" are understood. The words "kingdoms" and "nations" here refer to the same thing. AT: "There is the noisy commotion of many kingdoms gathered together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# is mustering + +"is gathering" + +# from way over the horizon + +"from places far beyond the horizon" or "from very distant places" + +# his instruments of judgment + +The soldiers that God is sending to attack Babylon are spoken of as if they were weapons. "Judgment" represents punishment because God has judged Babylon. AT: "the army that he will use to punish Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/06.md b/isa/13/06.md index 1c11d9fe4c..db46a559bf 100644 --- a/isa/13/06.md +++ b/isa/13/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Howl -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] +"Cry out loud" -## translationNotes +# the day of Yahweh is near -* This continues the prophecy about the people of Babylon. Isaiah is speaking. -* **Howl** - "Cry out loud" -* **it comes with destruction from the Almighty** - "the Almighty God will come to destroy you" -* **their faces will be aflame** - "They will have the look of terror on their faces" +Something that is about to happen soon is spoken of as if it is coming near. AT: "the day of Yahweh will happen soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it comes with destruction from the Almighty + +The word "it" refers to the day of Yahweh. "It comes with destruction" means that destruction will happen on that day. "Destruction from the Almighty" means that the Almighty will destroy them. AT: "on that day, the Almighty God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all hands hang limp + +This shows that all the people are very weak and unable to do anything. + +# every heart melts + +People being terribly afraid is spoken of as if their hearts melt. AT: "everyone is terribly afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pain and agony will seize them + +People suddenly feeling terrible pain and sorrow is spoken of as if the pains and sorrows were people who grab them. AT: "they will suddenly feel terrible pain and agony" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# like a woman in labor + +Being in labor represents giving birth to a baby. AT: "like a woman giving birth to a baby" or "like the pain of a woman who is giving birth to a baby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their faces will be aflame + +Their faces being hot and red is spoken of as if they were burning. Possible reasons for their faces being hot are 1) the people are very afraid or 2) the people feel ashamed or 3) the people cry. AT: "their faces will be hot and red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/09.md b/isa/13/09.md index a5b90d1124..74ebe7f089 100644 --- a/isa/13/09.md +++ b/isa/13/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the day of Yahweh comes with cruel wrath and overflowing anger -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The day coming with wrath and anger means that there will be wrath and anger on that day. The abstract nouns "wrath" and "anger" can be expressed with the adjectives "furious" and "angry". AT: "on the day of Yahweh, he will be furious and extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# overflowing anger -* This continues the prophecy about the people of Babylon. Isaiah is speaking. -* **to make the land a desolation** - "to ruin the land" -* **The stars of heaven and the constellations** - "The stars in the sky" -* **The sun will be darkened** - "Yahweh will darken the sun" +Anger here is spoken of as if the one who is angry is a container filled with anger. Overflowing anger means that he is extremely angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to make the land a desolation + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "desolation" is expressed with the verb "ruin." AT: "to ruin the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The stars of heaven and the constellations + +"The stars in the sky" + +# will not give their light + +Giving light represents "shining." AT: "will not shine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The sun will be darkened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will darken the sun" or "The sun will be dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/11.md b/isa/13/11.md index c0b817d9c0..310ec35c1f 100644 --- a/isa/13/11.md +++ b/isa/13/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Yahweh continues to talk about what he will do on the day of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# the world -* **the ruthless** - "those who do not show mercy" -* **I will make men more rare than fine gold and mankind harder to find than the pure gold of Ophir** - AT: "I will make it harder to find a human being than it is to find fine gold." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **pure gold of Ophir** - Ophir was noted for its large amounts of high quality gold. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to people. AT: "the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the wicked ... the proud ... the ruthless + +These phrases refer to people who have these qualities. AT: "wicked people ... proud people ... ruthless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the ruthless + +"cruel people" + +# will bring down the arrogance of the ruthless + +Being low often represents being humble. Bringing down people's arrogance represents making them humble. AT: "will humble the ruthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make men more rare than fine gold + +Why there will be so few people can be stated clearly. AT: "I will cause so many people to die that living people will be more rare than fine gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# men more rare than fine gold ... mankind harder to find than the pure gold of Ophir + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# pure gold of Ophir + +Ophir was the name of a place where there was pure gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/13.md b/isa/13/13.md index ff79ece4b9..8ed5dd48c6 100644 --- a/isa/13/13.md +++ b/isa/13/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Like a hunted gazelle or like a sheep with no shepherd -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **Like a hunted gazelle or like a sheep with no shepherd** - Gazelles (a type of deer) and sheep are prey to other wild animals - the people of the world will run away like scared animals. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Yahweh speaks of the defenseless people of Israel as if they were a gazelle or a sheep that was being chased by hunters or wild animals. AT: "Like gazelles that run away swiftly when people hunt them, and like sheep that have no shepherd run away from wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# gazelle + +an animal that is similar to a deer. People hunt them, and wild animals sometimes attack and kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# like a sheep with no shepherd + +Sheep that have no shepherd have no one to protect them from wild animals that attack and kill them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/15.md b/isa/13/15.md index 432b137757..3dacd4e817 100644 --- a/isa/13/15.md +++ b/isa/13/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Every one who is found will be killed ... every one who is captured will die by the sword -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy will kill with the sword everyone they find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Their infants also will be dashed in pieces -* This may be Yahweh or Isaiah speaking. -* **Every one who is found will be killed, and every one who is captured will die by the sword** - AT: "The enemy will kill everyone they find" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Their infants also will be dashed in pieces before their eyes** - AT: "The enemy will throw babies to the ground and kill them while their parents helplessly watch." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Their houses will be plundered** - AT: "The enemy will rob the people's houses" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy will also dash their infants to pieces" or "The enemy will beat their infants until they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# before their eyes + +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. It can be stated clearly that the parents are unable to help their infants. AT: "in front of them" or "while their parents helplessly watch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Their houses will be plundered + +This means that everything valuable will be stolen from their houses. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy will plunder the people's houses" or "The enemy will steal everything valuable from the people's houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their wives raped + +This means that the enemies will attack the women and force them to have sex with them. The words "will be" are understood. This can also be expressed with an active form. AT: "their wives will be raped" or "their enemies will rape their wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/17.md b/isa/13/17.md index fb43c08818..ddf08755c0 100644 --- a/isa/13/17.md +++ b/isa/13/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# I am about to stir up the Medes to attack them -* Yahweh is speaking. +Making people want to do something is spoken of as stirring them up. AT: "I am about to make the Medes want to attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/19.md b/isa/13/19.md index d3b662e51c..5763bc1249 100644 --- a/isa/13/19.md +++ b/isa/13/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Arabia]] -* [[en:tw:Chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:Sodom]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# the most admired of kingdoms -* This may be Isaiah or Yahweh speaking. -* **It will not be inhabited or lived in** - AT: "No one will live in it." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the kingdom that people most admire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then Babylon ... will be overthrown by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then God will destroy Babylon, the most admired of kingdoms, the splendor of Chaldean pride, as he destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the splendor of Chaldean pride + +The abstract nouns "splendor" and "pride" can be translated with adjectives. The word "splendor" refers to the beautiful appearance of Babylon. AT: "the beautiful city that the Chaldeans are so proud of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It will not be inhabited or lived in + +The two verbs mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will live in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from generation to generation + +The phrase "generation to generation" refers to all generations of people who will live in the future. AT: "for ever" or "ever again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The Arab + +This refers to Arab people in general, not one person. AT: "Arabs" or "Arab people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/21.md b/isa/13/21.md index 58e2a78f22..3a3f5b5ef0 100644 --- a/isa/13/21.md +++ b/isa/13/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Babylon. -## translationNotes +# will lie there -* This may be Isaiah or Yahweh speaking. -* **will lie there** - "will lie in Babylon" -* **Their houses** - "The people's houses" -* **owl** - a bird that hunts at night (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **ostrich** - a large bird that runs fast and cannot fly -* **hyena** - a large animal that eats dead animals and is known for its loud cry that sounds similar to a person laughing. -* **jackal** - a wild dog -* **Her time is near, and her days will not be delayed** - AT: "The time that all of this will happen to the people of Babylon is near, and nothing will stop it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"will lie in Babylon" + +# Their houses + +"The people's houses" + +# owls + +Owls are wild birds that hunt at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# ostriches + +Ostriches are large wild birds that run fast and cannot fly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Hyenas + +Hyenas are large wild animals that look like dogs and eat dead animals. Their loud cry sounds like a person laughing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# jackals in the beautiful palaces + +The words "will cry" are understood. AT: "jackals will cry in the beautiful palaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# jackals + +wild dogs (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Her time is near, and her days will not be delayed + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. "Her time" and "her days" both refer to the time that God has chosen for Babylon to be destroyed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The time that all of this will happen to the people of Babylon is near, and nothing will stop it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/intro.md b/isa/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9409b64121 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 13, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecies ##### +It is unclear who is addressed by these prophecies. At times, it appears to be the people of Judah, while at other times it seems to reference the last days. This ambiguity should remain in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/01.md b/isa/14/01.md index 635fc6ab67..590749ee46 100644 --- a/isa/14/01.md +++ b/isa/14/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh will have compassion on Jacob -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "Yahweh will have mercy on the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# attach themselves to the house of Jacob -* **Yahweh will have compassion on Jacob** - Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "Yahweh will have mercy on the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The house of Jacob refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. AT: "unite with the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The nations will bring them to their own place + +"The nations will bring the descendants of Jacob back to the land of Israel" + +# the house of Israel + +This refers to the Israelites, the descendants of Israel. AT: "the descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will take captive those who had captured them + +"The Israelite soldiers will take as captives those who had captured Israelites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/03.md b/isa/14/03.md index 37f2e9405a..32812676c9 100644 --- a/isa/14/03.md +++ b/isa/14/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# from your suffering and anguish -* [[en:tw:Babylon]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "your" is singular, but it refers to the people of Israel. Also, "suffering" and "anguish" mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: "from the things that have caused you to suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# How the oppressor has come to an end -* **from your suffering and anguish** - The word "your" is singular but it refers to the people of Israel. Also, "suffering" and "anguish" mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: "from the things that have caused you to suffer greatly." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **the proud fury ended** - The word "has" is understood: "the proud fury has ended" or "his pride and fury has ended." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"The oppressor has come to an end." This is an exclamation. + +# the proud fury ended + +The words "how and "has" are understood. AT: "how the proud fury has ended" or "his pride and fury have ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the proud fury ended + +The "proud fury" refers to the the king of Babylon being proud and treating other nations cruelly. AT: "his cruelty has ended" or "he can no longer oppress people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/05.md b/isa/14/05.md index a19320a15c..432acfc4e0 100644 --- a/isa/14/05.md +++ b/isa/14/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh has broken the staff of the wicked -* **Yahweh has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of those rulers** - Here "staff" and "scepter" refer to a person's power. AT: "Yahweh has broken the power of the wicked people of Babylon and crushed their strong rule. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **with unceasing blows** - "again and again" -* **that ruled the nations** - "that conquered other nations" +The staff of the wicked probably refers to a stick that wicked people would hit other people with. Breaking that stick represents destroying their power to treat people cruelly. AT: "Yahweh has destroyed the power of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the scepter of those rulers + +A scepter represents a ruler's power to rule. Breaking the scepter represents destroying the ruler's power. AT: "Yahweh has destroyed the power of the wicked rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that struck the peoples + +"who struck the peoples." Wicked people struck the peoples with their staff. + +# with unceasing blows + +"without stopping" or "again and again" + +# that ruled the nations + +"who conquered other nations" + +# with an attack that was unrestrained + +"attacking them without stopping" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/07.md b/isa/14/07.md index 44b5769209..1d9364955d 100644 --- a/isa/14/07.md +++ b/isa/14/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fir]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# The whole earth -* **It arouses the dead for you, all the kings of the earth, making them rise up from their thrones, all the kings of the nations** - "Sheol wakes up all the dead kings of the earth so they can greet you when you go there" +This refers to everyone on earth. AT: "everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Even the cypress trees rejoice over you with the cedars of Lebanon + +Isaiah speaks of the trees as if they were people who could rejoice. This emphasizes that it is such a great thing that God has stopped the king of Babylon that even nature would rejoice if it could. AT: "It will be as if even the cyprus trees and the cedars of Lebanon rejoice over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# rejoice over you + +Why they rejoice can be stated clearly. AT: "rejoice that God has made you powerless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Since you are laid low + +Being laid low represents being made powerless and unimportant. AT: "Since you have become powerless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Sheol below is eager to meet you + +Sheol is spoken of as if it were a person who is eager to meet his guests. This implies that the king dies. AT: "Sheol is like a host eager to meet you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# It arouses the dead for you, all the kings of the earth + +"it wakes up the dead for you, all the kings of the earth." Sheol is spoken of as if it were a person that could wake up those who are in it. AT: "All the dead kings of the earth in Sheol wake up to greet you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/10.md b/isa/14/10.md index 65ca7e64d9..1ef132943a 100644 --- a/isa/14/10.md +++ b/isa/14/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:hades]] +This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. Here they sing about what the dead kings in Sheol will say to him. -## translationNotes +# They all will speak and say to you +The word "they" refers to the dead kings in Sheol, and the word "you" refers to the king of Babylon. + +# Your pomp has been brought down to Sheol + +The dead kings will speak of the king of Babylon having no more splendor as if his splendor had gone down to Sheol. AT: "Your splendor ended when God sent you here to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with the sound of your string instruments + +People would make music on string instruments to honor the king. The dead kings will speak of people no longer honoring the king of Babylon with music as if the music went to Sheol. AT: "along with the sound of people playing music to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Maggots are spread under you + +The maggots under his dead body are spoken of as if they were a mat or bed. AT: "You lie on a bed of maggots" or "You lie on many maggots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# worms cover you + +The worms all over his body are spoken of as if they were covering him like a blanket. AT: "Worms cover you like a blanket" or "There are worms all over your body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/12.md b/isa/14/12.md index 3046152621..2a4962040c 100644 --- a/isa/14/12.md +++ b/isa/14/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# How you are fallen from heaven, daystar, son of the morning -* **How you are fallen from heaven, O day-star, son of the morning** - star, son of the morning** - refers to the star that rises and indicates morning is coming soon. Isaiah compares the king of Babylon to this star, emphasizing that the king once was great but God has destroyed him. AT: "You were like the morning star, but you have fallen from the sky." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The daystar is a bright star that rises just before morning. The people of Israel will refer to the king of Babylon in terms of this star in order to imply that he once was great, but now he was not. AT: "You were like the bright morning star, but you have fallen from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How you are cut down to the ground + +The people of Israel will speak of the king of Babylon as if he were a tree that was cut down. AT: "You are defeated like a tree that someone has cut down to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will sit on the mount of assembly + +This alludes to the myth that many people in the Ancient Near East knew, that the Canaanite gods met in council on the top of a mountain in the northern part of Syria. Sitting on the mountain represents ruling with the gods. AT: "I will rule on the mountain where the gods assemble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the far reaches of the north + +"in the most northern places." The mountain in the north was apparently called Zaphon. Some modern versions say "far away on the sides of Zaphon." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/15.md b/isa/14/15.md index 9478587f2f..e061518008 100644 --- a/isa/14/15.md +++ b/isa/14/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# Yet you are now brought down to Sheol -* **Yet you are now brought down to Sheol** - Here "you" refers to the king of Babylon. AT: "But now God has sent you down to Sheol" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Is this the man** - The people use a question to mock the king of Babylon. AT: "Surely, this is not the man." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who made the earth tremble** - AT: "who made the people of the earth tremble" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who shook kingdoms** - AT: "who terrified the people in all the kingdoms" -* **who made the world a wilderness** - "who made the lands of the world where people lived into a wilderness" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But now God has sent you down to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Is this the man + +The people will use this question either to mock the king of Babylon, or to express their shock at what has happened to him. AT: "Surely, this is not the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who made the earth tremble + +Possible meanings are 1) the earth trembled as the king's army marched to conquer people, or 2) this refers to the people of the earth trembling in fear of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# shook kingdoms + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for "conquered kingdoms" or 2) this is metonymy for "terrified the people of kingdoms." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who made the world like a wilderness + +"who made the places where people lived into a wilderness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/18.md b/isa/14/18.md index 8590ddbff7..6a8b7722dd 100644 --- a/isa/14/18.md +++ b/isa/14/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This is the end of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# all of them lie down in honor -* **all of them, sleep in glory** - Here "sleep" refers to death. Alternate translation: "all the kings who have died are buried in a honorable way." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **You...are the son of evil-doers** - doers** - AT: "You...are evil" -* **will never be mentioned again** - AT: "no one will ever mention you again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This means that their bodies were buried in an honorable way. AT: "all the kings who have died are buried in an honorable way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But you are cast out of your grave + +Being thrown out of the grave represents not being buried. AT: "But you are not buried. Your body is left on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a branch thrown away + +A branch thrown away represents something worthless. AT: "like a worthless branch that is tossed aside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The dead cover you like a garment + +This represents many dead bodies being on top of his body. AT: "The bodies of dead people completely cover your body" or "The bodies of dead soldiers are piled on top of your body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# those pierced by the sword + +This describes "the dead" spoken of at the beginning of this sentence. Being pierced by the sword represents being killed in battle. AT: "those who were killed in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who go down to the stones of the pit + +The pit refers either to hell, or to a large hole in the ground where many dead bodies are simply dumped. + +# You will not join them in burial + +The word "them" refers to the other kings who died and were buried properly. Joining them in burial represents being buried as they were. AT: "you will never be buried as other kings were buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The offspring of evildoers will never be mentioned again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever speak again about the descendants of evildoers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/21.md b/isa/14/21.md index 073686f1fe..e33d309ba6 100644 --- a/isa/14/21.md +++ b/isa/14/21.md @@ -1,20 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Prepare your slaughter for his children -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "slaughter" is expressed with the verb "kill." AT: "Get ready to kill the children of the king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# for the iniquity of their ancestors -* **Prepare your slaughter for his children** - "Get ready to kill the children of the king of Babylon" -* **for the iniquity of their ancestors** - "because their forefathers have sinned greatly" -* **this is the declaration of Yahweh of Hosts** - "this is what Yahweh of Hosts has declared” or "this is what Yahweh of Hosts has solemnly said”" -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **from Babylon name, descendant, and posterity** - Here "Babylon" refers to the people of Babylon. Also, "name" refers to the entire families of the people. AT: "from the people of Babylon their entire family, their children, and grandchildren." ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "iniquity" is expressed as the verb "sinned greatly." AT: "because their forefathers have sinned greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# so they will not rise up + +Here "rise up" represents either becoming powerful or attacking. AT: "so they will not become powerful" or "so they will not attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# possess the earth + +This represents taking control of the people on the earth, in this case by conquering them. AT: "take control of the peoples on the earth" or "conquer the peoples on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fill the whole world with cities + +This represents causing the world to have many cities on it. AT: "build cities all over the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will rise up against them + +This means that God will do something against them. The word "them" refers to the people of Babylon. AT: "I will attack them" or "I will send people to attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# I will cut off from Babylon name, descendant, and posterity + +"Cut off" represents destroying. Here "Babylon" refers to the people of Babylon. Also, "name" refers either to Babylon's fame or to Babylon itself as a kingdom. AT: "I will destroy Babylon, along with the people's children and grandchildren" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will also make her + +The word "her" refers to the city of Babylon. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. AT: "I will also make it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a possession of owls + +This represents wild animals living in the city because there are no people there. AT: "a place where owls live" or "a place where wild animals live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into pools of water + +Causing there to be swamps or ponds of stagnant water where the city was is spoken of as making the city into those things. AT: "into a place where there are stagnant ponds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will sweep her with the broom of destruction + +This represents completely destroying Babylon and making it no longer exist as if it is worthless dirt that people sweep away. AT: "I will destroy it completely, like sweeping it away with a broom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/24.md b/isa/14/24.md index 48a854a953..a79893789a 100644 --- a/isa/14/24.md +++ b/isa/14/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## translationNotes +# as I have intended, so it will come about; and as I have purposed, so it will be -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **as I have intended, so it will come about; and as I have purposed, so it will be** - AT: "the things that I have planned will surely happen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the Assyrian** - AT: "the king of Assyria and his army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Then his yoke will be lifted from off them and his burden from off their shoulder** - AT: "Then I will free the people of Israel from the king of Assyria like taking the yoke off of an ox." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "the things that I have planned will surely happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will break the Assyrian in my land + +Breaking represents defeating. AT: "I will defeat the Assyrian in my land" or "I will cause the Assyrian in my land to be defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Assyrian + +This represents the Assyrian king and his army. AT: "the king of Assyria and his army" or "the Assyrian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# trample him underfoot + +This represents completely defeating him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then his yoke will be lifted from off them and his burden from off their shoulder + +This can be expressed with an active verb. AT: "Then I will lift his yoke from them and his burden from their shoulder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then his yoke will be lifted from off them and his burden from off their shoulder + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Lifting the yoke and burden represents setting people free from slavery. AT: "Then I will set the Israelites free from slavery to Assyria like removing a heavy burden from their shoulder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his yoke ... his burden + +The word "his" refers to Assyria. + +# from off them ... from off their shoulder + +The words "them" and "their" refer to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/26.md b/isa/14/26.md index c17d95b143..3227bcda24 100644 --- a/isa/14/26.md +++ b/isa/14/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This may be Isaiah speaking or it may be Yahweh speaking. -## translationNotes +# This is the plan that is intended for the whole earth -* This may be Isaiah speaking or it may be Yahweh speaking -* **this is the hand that is stretched out over all the nations** - Here "hand" refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "this is my power to punish all the nations." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who will thwart him?** - This question emphasizes that no one can stop Yahweh. AT: "there is no one who can stop him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **His hand is stretched out, and who will turn it back?** - AT: "His powerful hand is ready to punish the nations, and no one is able to stop it." +The idea of "is intended" can be expressed with an active verb. AT: "This is the plan that God intends for the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is the hand that is raised over all the nations + +God being ready to punish the nations is spoken of as if he raised his hand in order to hit them. The word "hand" may also represent his power. AT: "this is Yahweh's power to punish all the nations" or "this is how Yahweh will punish the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who will stop him? + +This question emphasizes that no one can stop Yahweh. AT: "there is no one who can stop him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# His hand is raised + +This represents Yahweh being ready to punish the nations. AT: "He is ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who will turn it back? + +This question is used to say that no one can turn back God's hand. Turning back his hand represents stopping him from punishing the nations. AT: "no one can turn it back." or "no one can stop him from punishing them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/28.md b/isa/14/28.md index 1afb69a72d..45e8545969 100644 --- a/isa/14/28.md +++ b/isa/14/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the rod that struck you is broken -* [[en:tw:Ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] +The rod that struck Philistia represents a king who sent his army to attack them. Being broken represents either being dead or being defeated. AT: "the king that sent his army against you is dead" or "the army that attacked you is defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# For out of the serpent's root will grow out an adder ... his offspring will be a fiery flying serpent -* **The firstborn of the poor will eat** - "The poorest people will have food to eat" -* **I will kill your root with famine that will put to death all your survivors** - Here "your root" refers to the people of Philistia. +These two phrases are both the image of a serpent's offspring being even more harmful than the serpent. They represent a king's successor being more powerful and cruel than the first king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an adder + +a kind of poisonous snake + +# a fiery flying serpent + +Here the word "fiery" probably refers to the serpent's poisonous bite, and the word "flying" refers to its quick movements. AT: "a quickly moving poisonous snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The firstborn of the poor + +This represents the poorest people. AT: "The poorest people" or "The poorest of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will kill your root with famine that will put to death all your survivors + +Here "your root" refers to the people of Philistia. AT: "I will kill your people with famine that will put to death all your survivors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/31.md b/isa/14/31.md index 3b60ff4b76..db9a4fd8be 100644 --- a/isa/14/31.md +++ b/isa/14/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Howl, gate; cry, city -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Here "gate" and "city" represent the people at the city gates and in the cities. "Howl, you people at the city gates; cry, you people in the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# you will melt away -* **you will melt away** - "you will grow weak with fear" -* **How then will one answer the messengers of that nation?** - AT: "This is how we will answer the messengers of Philistia." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Melting away represents becoming weak because of fear. AT: "you will grow weak with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For out of the north comes a cloud of smoke + +This implies that a large army is coming from the north. AT: "For from the north comes a large army with a cloud of smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a cloud of smoke + +Possible meanings are 1) this represents a cloud of dust that the army stirs up as they travel on dry dirt roads. AT: "a cloud of dust" or 2) there is a lot of smoke because of all the things that the army destroys and burns. AT: "much smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no straggler in his ranks + +"no one in his ranks walks slowly behind the others" + +# How will they respond to the messengers of that nation? + +The author uses this question to introduce his instruction about how the Israelites should speak to the messengers. AT: "This is how we will answer the messengers of Philistia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yahweh has founded Zion + +"Yahweh started Zion" + +# in her + +"in Jerusalem" or "there" + +# the afflicted of his people + +"those of his people who have been afflicted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/intro.md b/isa/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..365e75bd65 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Isaiah 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:3-27, 29-32, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Satan ##### +It is believed that this chapter references Satan. It describes Satan as a star fallen from heaven. There are five important statements beginning with the words "I will" which appear to show the essence of Satan's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Babylon ##### +This is the name of the kingdom that conquered Judah, but it is also the name representing Satan's kingdom in prophecies. They were not yet a world power when these words were spoken. It should be translated as "Babylon," but translators should be aware of its dual meaning. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +The use of Israel in this chapter is in reference to the nation or people group of Israel. It is this Israel who will be restored and not the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/15/01.md b/isa/15/01.md index e30979b17f..fcff4e1c06 100644 --- a/isa/15/01.md +++ b/isa/15/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +Often in prophecy events that will happen in future are described as happening now or in the past. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# A declaration -* Often in prophecy events that will happen in future are described as happening now or in the past. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. -* **Ar...Kir...Dibon...Nebo...Medeba** - These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **is laid waste and destroyed** - AT: "God will completely destroy it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Moab laments over Nebo and over Medeba** - "The people of Moab will weep because of what happened to the cities of Nebo and Medeba." +"This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is a message from Yahweh" + +# Ar ... Kir ... Dibon ... Nebo ... Medeba + +These are names of cities and towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ar of Moab is laid waste and destroyed + +The words "laid waste" and "destroyed" mean the same thing and emphasize that the city was completely ruined. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Enemy armies will completely destroy Ar of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# went up to the heights to weep + +Here "up to the heights" refers to a temple or altar that was built on high ground like a hill or mountain side. AT: "went up to the temple on the hilltop to weep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Moab laments over Nebo and over Medeba + +These place names refer to the people who live there. AT: "the people of Moab will weep because of what happened to the cities of Nebo and Medeba" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# All their heads are shaved bare and all their beards are cut off + +They do this to show their extreme sadness. AT" "They will all shave their heads and cut off their beards and grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/15/03.md b/isa/15/03.md index eb2d443883..499d6383c1 100644 --- a/isa/15/03.md +++ b/isa/15/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# they wear sackcloth -* 2]]) -* **Heshbon and Elealea** - This refers to "The people of Heshbon and Elealea." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Heshbon, Elealeh, Jahaz** - These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **their hearts tremble in them** - AT: “they will be completely filled with fear.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +They do this to show their extreme sadness. AT: "they wear sackcloth and mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Heshbon ... Elealeh ... Jahaz + +These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heshbon and Elealeh call out + +These city names represent the people of these cities. "The people of Heshbon and Elealeh call out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they tremble within themselves + +Physical trembling is a symptom of fear and represents fear. AT: "they will be completely filled with fear" or "they tremble with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/15/05.md b/isa/15/05.md index 199bb99141..1706e3e085 100644 --- a/isa/15/05.md +++ b/isa/15/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# My heart cries out for Moab -* 2]]) -* **her fugitives flee** - "the fugitives from Moab will flee". A fugitive is a person who runs away so that his enemy will not capture him. -* **Zoar...Eglath Shelishiyah...Luhith...Horonaim...Nimrim** - These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **over their destruction** - "because their city is destroyed" -* **The abundance** - "Everything" -* **brook of the poplars** - This may refer to the river at the southern border of Moab. +Here God is represented by his "heart" which emphasizes his emotions. God speaks of his great sadness as if his heart cried out. AT: "I am extremely sad about what is happening to Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her fugitives flee + +"the fugitives from Moab will flee." A fugitive is a person who runs away so that his enemy will not capture him. + +# Zoar ... Eglath Shelishiyah ... Luhith ... Horonaim ... Nimrim + +These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# over their destruction + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "destruction" is expressed as the verb "destroyed." AT: "because their city is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The abundance + +"Everything" + +# brook of the poplars + +This may refer to the river at the southern border of Moab. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/15/08.md b/isa/15/08.md index 5fbac003a4..e0c3b985d3 100644 --- a/isa/15/08.md +++ b/isa/15/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# The cry has gone around the territory of Moab -* 2]]) -* **Eglaim...Beer Elim...Dimon** - These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **but I will bring even more upon Dimon** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. Also, "upon Dimon" refers to the people. AT: "I will cause even more trouble on the people of Dimon." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +People's crying out and others hearing it is spoken of as if the cry had gone out. AT: "People all over the territory of Moab cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wailing as far as Eglaim and Beer Elim + +The words "has gone" are understood. People's wailing and others hearing it is spoken of as if the wailing had gone as far away as these two places. AT: "the wailing has gone as far as Egalim and Beer Elim" or "people even as far away as Elaim and Beer Elim wail" + +# Eglaim ... Beer Elim ... Dimon + +These are names of cities and towns. Dimon was the principal city of the country of Moab. Several modern versions have "Dibon" instead of "Dimon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# but I will bring even more upon Dimon + +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. Also, "Dimon" refers to the people who live there. AT: "but I will cause even more trouble for the people of Dimon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/15/intro.md b/isa/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d474860d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Isaiah 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 15, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter shifts from discussing Judah to the nation of Moab. Moab is punished by Yahweh, even though he is not a god they worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/01.md b/isa/16/01.md index 32b052d0e4..042792096f 100644 --- a/isa/16/01.md +++ b/isa/16/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. Verse one is probably what God says the rulers of Moab will say to each other. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)) -## translationNotes +# Send rams to the ruler of the land -* 2]]) -* **Send rams to the ruler of the land** - The Moabites will send rams to the king of Judah so that he might protect them from the enemy army. -* **Selah** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the daughter of Zion** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:07]]. -* **As wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so the women of Moab are at the fords of the Arnon River** - All the people of Moab, which includes the women, are forced to flee from their homes. AT: "Like birds without a home, the women of Moab will flee across the river to another land." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The Moabites will send rams to the king of Judah so that he might protect them from the enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Selah + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the daughter of Zion + +The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "the people of Zion" or "the people who live in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# As wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so the women of Moab are at the fords of the Arnon River + +All the people of Moab, which includes the women, are forced to flee from their homes. AT: "Like birds without a home, the women of Moab will flee across the river to another land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# As wandering birds, as a scattered nest + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/03.md b/isa/16/03.md index da907a09a5..c4ef9ed675 100644 --- a/isa/16/03.md +++ b/isa/16/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. Verses 3 and 4 is probably the message that the Moabite rulers send to the king of Judah. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)) -## translationNotes +# provide some shade like night in the middle of the day -* 2]]) -* **provide some shade like night in the middle of the day** - AT: "provide a place to rest like if night came during the hottest part of the day." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Let them live among you, the refugees from Moab** - "Allow the refugees from Moab to live with you." Here "you" refers to the people of Judah. See how you translated "refugee" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:15:05]]. -* **be a hiding-place for them from the destroyer** - place for them from the destroyer** - "give them a place to hide from those who are trying to destroy them" +The heat of the middle of the day represents the Moabites' suffering from their enemies, and shade represents protection from their enemies. Comparing the shade to night shows that they want strong protection. AT: "protect us completely from our enemies as a large shadow protects people from the hot sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Let them live among you, the refugees from Moab + +"Allow the refugees from Moab to live with you." Here "you" refers to the people of Judah. + +# be a hiding place for them from the destroyer + +Providing a hiding place is spoken of as being a hiding place. AT: "give them a place to hide from those who are trying to destroy them" or "hide them from those who want to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/05.md b/isa/16/05.md index 9474a68fc2..fa30ce5704 100644 --- a/isa/16/05.md +++ b/isa/16/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# A throne will be established in covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Here "throne" refers to the power to rule as king. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will be faithful to the covenant and he will appoint a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# one from David's tent will faithfully sit there -* **A throne will be established in covenant faithfulness** - Here "throne" refers to the power to rule as king over the people. AT: "Yahweh will be faithful to the covenant and he will appoint a king." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and one from David's tent will faithfully sit there** - Here "David's tent" means the king will be a descendant of King David. AT: "and he will be a descendant of King David and he will be faithful" +Here "David's tent" represents David's family, including his descendants. Sitting on the throne represents ruling. AT: "a descendant of David will rule faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as he seeks justice + +Seeking justice represents wanting to do what is just. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/06.md b/isa/16/06.md index ed9a71372e..629c95c1f1 100644 --- a/isa/16/06.md +++ b/isa/16/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)) -## translationNotes +# We have heard of Moab's pride, his arrogance, his boasting, and his anger -* 2]]) -* **We have heard of Moab's pride, his arrogance, his boasting, and his anger** - "We" refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. And the words "Moab's" and "his" refer to the people of Moab. AT: "We have heard that the people of Moab are proud and arrogant, and they boast and are full of rage." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his boastings are empty words** - "but what they say about themselves means nothing" -* **So Moab wails for Moab, everyone wails** - "So all the people of Moab will cry out loud over what has happened to their cities." -* **You mourn for the raisin-cakes of Kir Hareseth that was completely devastated** - cakes of Kir Hareseth that was completely devastated** - "You will mourn because Kir Hareseth is ruined and you can no longer go there to buy cakes made from raisins." Here "you" refers to the people of Moab. And, "Kir Hareseth" is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The words "Moab's" and "his" refer to the people of Moab. AT: "We have heard that the people of Moab are proud and arrogant, boastful and angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# We have heard + +Possible meanings are that 1) Isaiah is speaking and "We" refers to him and the people of Judah, or 2) God is speaking and "We" refers to God. + +# But his boastings are empty words + +"But what they say about themselves means nothing" or "But what they boast about is not true" + +# So Moab wails for Moab—they all wail + +"Moab" represents the people of Moab. "So all the people of Moab will cry out loud over what has happened to their cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the raisin cakes of Kir Hareseth + +"because there are no raisin cakes in Kir Hareseth" + +# raisin cakes + +The Hebrew word used here means either "raisin cakes" or "men." + +# Kir Hareseth + +"Kir Hareseth" is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/08.md b/isa/16/08.md index 31749ae263..ad65d67740 100644 --- a/isa/16/08.md +++ b/isa/16/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it happened in the past. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)) -## translationNotes +# Heshbon -* 2]]) -* **Heshbon** - See how you translated the name of this city in [[en:bible:notes:isa:15:03]]. -* **Sibmah…Jazer** - These are names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The rulers of the nations have trampled the choice vines** - The land of Moab was known for its vineyards. Here God describes the land of Moab as one large vineyard. This emphasizes that the rulers, which refers to the armies, completely destroyed everything in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Isaiah 15:4](../15/03.md). + +# Sibmah ... Jazer + +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The rulers of the nations have trampled the choice vines + +The land of Moab was known for its vineyards. Here God describes the land of Moab as one large vineyard. This emphasizes that the rulers, which refers to the armies, completely destroyed everything in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/09.md b/isa/16/09.md index ddf76cf879..56195925e1 100644 --- a/isa/16/09.md +++ b/isa/16/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This continues to describe the land of Moab as one large vineyard (See: [Isaiah 16:8](./08.md)). God describes events that will happen in the future as if they are happening in the present. -## translationNotes +# Indeed I will weep -* This continues to describe the land of Moab as one large vineyard (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:16:08]]). God describes events that will happen in the future as if they are happening in the present. -* **Indeed I will weep ** - In 16:9-10 the word "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **Jazer…Sibmah** - See how you translated the names of these cities in [[en:bible:notes:isa:16:08]]. -* **Heshbon…Elealeh** - See how you translated the names of these cities in [[en:bible:notes:isa:15:03]]. +In 16:9-10 the word "I" refers to Yahweh. + +# I will water you with my tears + +God speaks of his deep sorrow for these places as if he would cry much and his many tears would fall on them. AT: "I will cry much for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jazer ... Sibmah + +Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Isaiah 16:8](./08.md). + +# Heshbon ... Elealeh + +Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Isaiah 15:4](../15/03.md). + +# For on your fields of summer fruits and harvest I have ended the shouts of joy + +The "shouts of joy" represent people shouting for joy about the harvest of their fruit trees. AT: "Because of what I will do, you will no longer shout for joy when you harvest your fields of summer fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have put an end to the shouts of the one who treads + +Here "the shouts" refers to the joy of the people who tread the grapes to produce the wine. AT: "therefore the people who tread the grapes do not shout with joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/11.md b/isa/16/11.md index 672dca078b..b59b1e28ef 100644 --- a/isa/16/11.md +++ b/isa/16/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)) -## translationNotes +# So my heart sighs like a harp for Moab -* 2]]) -* **So my heart sighs like a harp for Moab** - The phrase "my heart" refers to Yahweh. He compares the sadness he feels to the sound of a sad song played on a harp. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Moab...himself...his** - All of these words refer to the people of Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and my inward being for Kir-hereseth** - hereseth** - "and I am sad for the people of Kir-hereseth." See how you translated Kir-hereseth in [[en:bible:notes:isa:16:06]]. +The phrase "my heart" represents Yahweh and his sad feelings. He compares his sigh to the sound of a sad song played on a harp. AT: "So I sigh like a sad song on a harp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Moab ... himself ... his + +All of these words refer to the people of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my inward being for Kir Hareseth + +The phrase "my inward being" represents Yahweh. The word "sighs" is understood from the previous phrase. See how you translated Kir Hareseth in [Isaiah 16:7](./06.md). AT: "my inward being sighs for Kir Hareseth" or "I am very sad for the people of Kir Hareseth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his prayers will accomplish nothing + +"his prayers will not be answered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/13.md b/isa/16/13.md index fbebac72bc..fe147807d5 100644 --- a/isa/16/13.md +++ b/isa/16/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the word -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"This is the message." This refers to all he said in 15:1-16:12. -## translationNotes +# concerning Moab -* **This is the word** - "This is the message." This refers to all he said in 15:1-16:12. -* **concerning Moab** - This refers to "concerning the people of Moab." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the glory of Moab will disappear** - "the land of Moab will be worth nothing" +The word "Moab" refers to the people of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the glory of Moab will disappear + +"The country of Moab will no longer be glorious" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/intro.md b/isa/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc3e1bfbf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Isaiah 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 16:1-12, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter and is a prophecy against the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/01.md b/isa/17/01.md index 165d406cbe..0a437fd0d2 100644 --- a/isa/17/01.md +++ b/isa/17/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# about Damascus -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Damascus is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:8](../07/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# The cities of Aroer will be abandoned -* **about Damascus** - See how you translated "Damascus" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:07]].This refers to the people. AT: "about the people of Damascus." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The cities of Aroer will be abandoned** - "All the people will abandon the cities of Aroer." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Fortified cities** - "Strong cities" -* **Aram** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:01]]. -* **they will be like the glory of the children of Israel** - "I, Yahweh, will bring shame on them as I did the people of Israel" -* **declaration of Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. +This can be stated in active form. "All the people will abandon the cities of Aroer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# no one will frighten them + +The word "them" refers to the sheep. + +# Fortified cities will disappear from Ephraim + +Ephraim was the largest tribe in Israel. Here it represents the entire northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "Strong cities will disappear from Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will disappear + +This does not mean that they will vanish, but that the cities will be destroyed. + +# the kingdom from Damascus + +The words "will disappear" are understood from the previous phrase. Damascus was where the king of Aram ruled from. The kingdom disappearing represents the king no longer having royal power. AT: "the kingdom will disappear from Damascus" or "there will be no royal power in Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Aram + +Aram is the name of a nation. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they will be like the glory of the people of Israel + +Since the people of Israel were no longer glorious, this meant that the remnant of Aram would no longer be glorious. AT: "they will no longer have glory, just like the people of Israel" or "I will bring shame on them as I did the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 14:22](../14/21.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/04.md b/isa/17/04.md index 75f0a40416..ac70b8ffde 100644 --- a/isa/17/04.md +++ b/isa/17/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It will come about -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event that will happen. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# the glory of Jacob will become thin, and the fatness of his flesh will become lean -* **It will come about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event that will happen. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **the glory of Jacob will become thin and the fatness of his flesh will become lean** - Here "Jacob" refers to the people of Israel. God emphasizes that they were strong but they will become weak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **It will be as when a harvester gathers the standing grain, and his arm reaps the heads of grain. It will be as when one gleans heads of grain in the valley of Rephaim** - There will be nothing left in the land after God punishes the people of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "Jacob" refers to the kingdom of Israel. Israel would no longer be glorious. Rather it would be weak and poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will be as when a harvester gathers the standing grain ... in the Valley of Rephaim + +There will be nothing left in the land after God punishes the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the Valley of Rephaim + +This is a valley where people normally grew and harvested much food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/06.md b/isa/17/06.md index 8e7849c5ba..3bee2af01a 100644 --- a/isa/17/06.md +++ b/isa/17/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This continues to compare the nation of Israel with a field after it is harvested. (See: [Isaiah 17:4-5](./04.md)) -## translationNotes +# Gleanings will be left -* 5]]) -* **Gleanings will be left, however, as when the olive tree is shaken** - "But, there will be a few people left in Israel, like the few olives left behind after the harvest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **two or three...four or five** - "2 or 3...4 or 5" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. -* **their eyes will look** - Here "eyes" refers to the people who are looking. AT: "they will look" or "the people will look" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. +The word "Gleanings" here represents the people who will still live in Israel. AT: "But there will be a few people left in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as when the olive tree is shaken + +People harvested olive trees by shaking them so that the olives would fall out. AT: "like the few olives that remain on the olive trees after people harvest them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# four or five + +The word "olives" is understood from the phrase before this. AT: "four or five olives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh, the God of Israel + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, the God of Israel, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# men will look toward their Maker ... will look to the Holy One of Israel + +Looking toward God here represents hoping that he will help them. AT: "men will hope that their Maker, the Holy One of Israel, will help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# men will look + +The word "men" represents people in general. AT: "people will look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# their eyes will look + +Here "eyes" represents the people who look. AT: "they will look" or "the people will look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Holy One of Israel + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/08.md b/isa/17/08.md index 77762b97ba..a456b053b7 100644 --- a/isa/17/08.md +++ b/isa/17/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They will not look to the altars -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Looking to the altars represents worshiping idols with the hope that the idols will help them. AT: "They will not worship idols at their altars" or "The people of Israel will not go to their altars and ask their idols to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the work of their hands -* **They will not look** - "The people of Israel will not look" -* **look to** - "rely on" -* **that were forsaken because of the people of Israel** - It can be made explicit who left these lands: "that the Hivites and Amorites left after the people of Israel came." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the people are represented by their "hands" to emphasize that they made the altars or idols. AT: "that they made with their hands" or "which they themselves built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# what their fingers have made ... the Asherah poles or the sun images + +The second phrase identifies the things that the people made. Speaking of the fingers here emphasizes that the people made them, so these things are not real gods. AT: "the Asherah poles or the sun images, which they themselves made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that were forsaken because of the people of Israel + +It can be made explicit who left these lands. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the Hivites and Amorites left after the people of Israel came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/10.md b/isa/17/10.md index e4fe040994..cc3c1a785c 100644 --- a/isa/17/10.md +++ b/isa/17/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For you have forgotten -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. The word "forgotten" does not mean they have no memory of God. It means they no longer obey him. AT: "For you no longer obey" -## translationNotes +# the God of your salvation -* **For you have forgotten** - Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. The word "forgotten" does not mean they have no memory of God. It means they no longer obey him. AT: "For you no longer obey" -* **the God of your salvation** - "the God who saves you" -* **and have ignored the rock of your strength** - This compares God to a rock. This emphasizes his strength and ability to protect. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"the God who saves you" + +# have ignored the rock of your strength + +This compares God to a large rock which people could climb on to get away from their enemies or hide behind. AT: "have ignored God, who is like a rock that protects you" or "have ignored the one who protects you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the harvest will fail + +"there will not be much fruit for you to harvest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/12.md b/isa/17/12.md index dbcf010745..0fbb946c06 100644 --- a/isa/17/12.md +++ b/isa/17/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The uproar of many peoples, that roar like the roaring of the seas -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +An uproar is a very loud noise. AT: "The sound of many people, that is very loud like the seas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters -* **The uproar of many peoples, that roar like the roaring of the seas, and the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters** - the enemy armies appear to be a powerful force that no one can stop. AT: "The armies from the nations will roar and come rushing in like the mighty waters." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **as the dead weeds on the mountains before the wind, and like weeds whirling before a storm** - the armies seemed powerful but God will easily stop them. -* **loot us...rob us** - The word "us" refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +The enemy armies appear to be a powerful force that no one can stop. AT: "the nations come rushing in like the mighty waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the rushing of nations + +The word "nations" refers to the armies of those nations. AT: "the rushing of the enemy armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# as the dead weeds on the mountains before the wind ... like weeds whirling before a storm + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The enemy armies seem powerful but God will easily stop them and send them away. AT: "like dead weeds on the mountains that the wind blows away ... like weeds that whirl and blow away as a storm approaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# This is the portion of those + +What happens to them is spoken of as if it is a portion that they inherit. AT: "This is what happens to those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# loot us ... rob us + +The word "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/intro.md b/isa/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f3c5f7868 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 17:1-6, 9-14, which are important quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Damascus ##### +This chapter prophesies destruction against the people of Damascus. Damascus was the capital of Aram. The people of Damascus worship gods other than Yahweh and have fought Yahweh's people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Ephraim ##### +This chapter prophesied destruction against the kingdom of Israel. They are also called Ephraim in this chapter. Both the northern kingdom of Israel and Aram were conquered at about the same time in history. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/18/01.md b/isa/18/01.md index 77881fdec4..28f8351af7 100644 --- a/isa/18/01.md +++ b/isa/18/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Woe to the land of the rustling of wings, which is along the rivers of Cush -* [[en:tw:ambassador]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Possible meanings of "the rustling of wings" are 1) the boats that have sails are spoken of as having wings. AT: "Woe to those who live in the land beyond the rivers of Cush, whose many ships look like insects on the water" or 2) the rustling of wings refers to the noise of insects that have wings, perhaps locusts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# by the sea -* **Woe to the land of the rustling of wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia** - AT: "Woe to those who live in the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia, whose many ships look like insects on the water." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **by the sea** - People in Egypt and Ethiopia referred to the Nile River as "the sea." -* **vessels of papyrus** - Papyrus is a tall plant that grows along the side of the Nile River. People would bind together papyrus bundles to make boats. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +The Nile River was very wide, and people in Egypt and Cush referred to it as "the sea." AT: "on the great river" or "along the Nile River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# vessels of papyrus + +Papyrus is a tall plant that grows along the side of the Nile River. People bound together papyrus bundles to make boats. AT: "papyrus boats" or "boats made of reeds" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a nation tall and smooth ... a people feared far and near ... a nation strong and trampling down, whose land the rivers divide + +These phrases all describe the people of one nation. + +# a nation tall and smooth + +The word "nation" here refers to the people of that nation. AT: "a nation whose people are tall and have smooth skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a people feared far and near + +The words "far" and "near" are used together to mean "everywhere." AT: "a people who are feared everywhere" or "a people that everyone in the earth fears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# a nation strong and trampling down + +Trampling down represents conquering other nations. AT: "a nation that is strong and conquers other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the rivers divide + +This probably refers to many rivers that flow through the nation so they divide it into different parts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/18/03.md b/isa/18/03.md index 3731db1af2..f172e85508 100644 --- a/isa/18/03.md +++ b/isa/18/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Verse 3 tells what the messengers in [Isaiah 18:2](./01.md) must say to the people of the world. -## translationNotes +# All you inhabitants of the world ... you who live on the earth -* **All you inhabitants of the world and you dwellers on the earth** - AT: "All you people on the earth." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **when a signal is lifted up on the mountains, look; and when the trumpet is blown, listen** - See how you translated "signal" in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:05:26]]. AT: "pay attention when you see the signal flag on the mountains and when you hear the sound of the trumpet." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "All you people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# when a signal is lifted up on the mountains, look; and when the trumpet is blown, listen + +The signal and trumpet were to call people to battle. The commands to look and listen are commands to pay attention and prepare for battle. AT: "pay attention when the signal is lifted up on the mountains and the trumpet is blown" + +# when a signal is lifted up on the mountains, look + +The signal was a flag used to call people to battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "pay attention when you see the battle flag on the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when the trumpet is blown, listen + +The trumpets were used to call people to battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "pay attention when you hear the sound of the battle trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/18/04.md b/isa/18/04.md index 6dda3e8bfa..115f6bc66f 100644 --- a/isa/18/04.md +++ b/isa/18/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God uses a parable about a farmer in a vineyard in order to describe how he will punish a certain nation. That nation is either Ethiopia or Ethiopia's enemy. -## translationNotes +# This is what Yahweh said to me -* **This is what Yahweh said to me** - "Yahweh said to me." Here the word "me" refers to Isaiah. -* **like the simmering heat in sunshine, like a cloud of mist in the heat of harvest** - Both of these phrases emphasize how quietly God will watch. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **pruning hooks** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:02:04]]. +"Yahweh said to me." Here the word "me" refers to Isaiah. + +# I will quietly observe from my home + +What God will observe can be stated clearly. AT: "I will quietly observe that nation from my home" or "From my home, I will quietly watch what the people of that nation do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like the simmering heat in sunshine, like a cloud of mist in the heat of harvest + +These phrases show how quietly God will watch the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Before the harvest + +This is a harvest of grapes. This can be made explicit. AT: "Before the grape harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when the blossoming is over + +It can be stated clearly that this refers to blossoms on grape vines. AT: "when flowers have finished growing on the grape vines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks + +Yahweh will cut off the branches before the grapes can ripen. AT: "Yahweh will cut off the branches with knives before their produce fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pruning hooks + +A pruning hook is a knife that people use to cut branches off of vines or other plants. + +# he will cut down and take away the spreading branches + +Yahweh will throw away the branches in judgment. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/18/06.md b/isa/18/06.md index 5f908a0b75..e68fde8e87 100644 --- a/isa/18/06.md +++ b/isa/18/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# They will be left together -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +God seems to change from telling the parable to speaking more directly about the nation. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Those who are killed will be left together" or "Like branches that are cut off and thrown away, the bodies of those who are killed will be left on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# The birds will summer on them -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **people tall and smooth, from a people feared far and near, a nation mighty and conquering -* See how you translated similar phrases in [[en:bible:notes:isa:18:01]]. -* **to the place of the name of Yahweh of Hosts, to Mount Zion** - The word "name" refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "to Mount Zion where Yahweh of Hosts dwells." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"The birds will eat them during the summer." The word "birds" refers to birds that eat the flesh of dead bodies. + +# all the animals of the earth + +"all kinds of wild animals" + +# will winter on them + +"will eat them in the winter" + +# a people tall and smooth ... a people feared far and near ... a nation strong and trampling down, whose land the rivers divide + +These phrases all describe the people of one nation. See how you translated these phrases in [Isaiah 18:2](./01.md). + +# a people tall and smooth + +"a people who are tall and have smooth skin" + +# a people feared far and near + +The words "far" and "near" are used together to mean "everywhere." AT: "a people who are feared everywhere" or "a people that everyone in the earth fears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# a nation strong and trampling down + +Trampling down represents conquering other nations. AT: "a nation that is strong and conquers other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the place of the name of Yahweh of hosts, to Mount Zion + +The word "name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "to Mount Zion, where Yahweh of hosts dwells" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/18/intro.md b/isa/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ed6624f25 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 18, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cush ##### +This chapter records prophecies against the nation of Cush. They are being punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +This chapter uses many metaphors to describe the destruction coming to the people of Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/01.md b/isa/19/01.md index ba90f57070..7a52372783 100644 --- a/isa/19/01.md +++ b/isa/19/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh rides on a swift cloud -* **the idols of Egypt quake before him** - Isaiah is describing the idols as having feelings of fear as Yahweh approaches. AT: "the idols of Egypt tremble in fear before Yahweh." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **and the hearts of the Egyptians melt within themselves** - Here "heart" refers to courage. AT: “the Egyptian’s courage disappears” -* **city will be against city** - "people from different cities in Egypt will fight with one another" -* **kingdom against kingdom** - "the rulers in Egypt will send their people to fight with one another" +Yahweh seems to be pictured here as riding on a cloud as if he was riding in a chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the idols of Egypt quake before him + +The idols are described as having feelings of fear as Yahweh approaches. AT: "the idols of Egypt tremble in fear before Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the hearts of the Egyptians melt within themselves + +The heart melting represents losing their courage. AT: "the Egyptians have no more courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a man against his neighbor + +The words "will fight" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "a man will fight against his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# city will be against city + +The word "city" represents the people of the city. AT: "people of one city will fight against people of another city" or "people from different cities will fight against one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# kingdom against kingdom + +The words "will be" or "will fight" are understood from the previous phrases. AT: "kingdom will be against kingdom" or "kingdom will fight against kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# kingdom against kingdom + +The word "kingdom" refers to a smaller kingdom within Egypt. It may also be called a province. It represents the people of that kingdom or province. AT: "the people of one province will be against the people of another province" or "people from different provinces will fight against one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/03.md b/isa/19/03.md index f9c97af813..1182c79b1a 100644 --- a/isa/19/03.md +++ b/isa/19/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The spirit of Egypt will be weakened from within. I will destroy his advice -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The nation of Egypt is spoken of here as if it was a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# The spirit of Egypt will be weakened from within -* **I will destroy his counsel** - "I, Yahweh, will confuse those who counsel the king" -* **mediums, and spiritualists** - See how you translated similar words in [[en:bible:notes:isa:08:19]]. -* **I will give the Egyptians into the hand of a harsh master** - Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: “I will give the Egyptians over to the control of a harsh master” -* **declaration of the Lord, Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:24]]. +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "I will weaken the spirit of Egypt from within" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will destroy his advice + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will cause the advice that he gives to be ineffective or 2) Yahweh will cause him to be unable to give any advice. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "advice" is expressed as the verb "advise." AT: "I will confuse those who advise the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# though + +"although" or "even though" + +# mediums ... spiritualists + +These are people who claim to speak with those who have died. + +# I will give the Egyptians into the hand of a harsh master + +Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "I will give the Egyptians over to the control of a harsh master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 3:15](../03/13.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/05.md b/isa/19/05.md index 42edae8e66..27a595f599 100644 --- a/isa/19/05.md +++ b/isa/19/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The waters of the sea will dry up, and the river will dry up and become empty -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Egyptians referred to the Nile River as "the sea." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "The Nile River will completely dry up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# become foul -* **The waters of the sea will dry up, and the river will dry up and become empty** - Egyptians referred to the Nile River as "the sea." AT: "The Nile River will completely dry up." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the reeds and flags will wither away** - "The plants along the river will die" +"become foul-smelling" or "stink" + +# dwindle + +"be low" + +# the reeds and flags will wither away + +"Reeds" and "flags" refer to two similar kinds of water plants. AT: "the plants along the river will die and decay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/07.md b/isa/19/07.md index e13ab290e1..82ff131791 100644 --- a/isa/19/07.md +++ b/isa/19/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the sown fields of the Nile -* [[en:tw:fisherman]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +"the fields near the Nile where people have planted crops" -## translationNotes +# The fishermen will wail and mourn, and all who cast a hook into the Nile will mourn, and those who spread nets on the waters will grieve -* **The fishermen will wail and mourn, and all who cast a hook into the Nile will mourn like those who spread nets on the waters will grieve** - The reason they are grieving can be made explicit: "and the fishermen who try to catch fish with hooks or nets will cry in despair because all the fish in the Nile have died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +These three phrases mean basically the same thing. If necessary, the reason they will grieve can be stated clearly. AT: "The fishermen who catch fish with hooks or nets will cry in despair because the fish in the Nile have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# cast a hook into the Nile + +In order to catch fish, some people put a little food on a hook, tie the hook to a string, and throw the hook into the water. When a fish tries to eat the food, its mouth gets stuck on the hook, and the person pulls the fish out of the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# cast + +"throw" + +# spread nets on the waters + +In order to catch fish, some people toss a net on the water. When fish get caught in it, they pull the net with the fish out of the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/09.md b/isa/19/09.md index 359436791f..f537a868d9 100644 --- a/isa/19/09.md +++ b/isa/19/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The workers in combed flax and those who weave white cloth will turn pale. The cloth workers of Egypt will be crushed -* [[en:tw:egypt]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If necessary, the reason they will be distressed can be stated clearly. AT: "The linen makers of Egypt will be humiliated because there is no flax" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The workers in combed flax -* **flax** - a plant that grows along the Nile River and is used to make a strong cloth (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **will be disheartened** - "will no longer have hope" +"Those who work with combed flax" + +# combed flax + +Flax is a plant that grows along the Nile River. People comb its fibers in order to separate them, and use them to make thread for linen cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# will turn pale + +"will be ashamed" + +# The cloth workers of Egypt + +"The people of Egypt who make cloth" + +# will be crushed + +Being crushed represents being discouraged. AT: "will be discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# work for hire + +"work for pay" + +# will be grieved within themselves + +"will feel very sad" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/11.md b/isa/19/11.md index 80d8aac0a2..5d97796a66 100644 --- a/isa/19/11.md +++ b/isa/19/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The princes of Zoan are completely foolish. The advice of the wisest advisors of Pharaoh has become senseless -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +These two phrases are similar in meaning. Either the princes of Zoan are also the wisest advisors or Pharaoh, or they are another group of people that also are shown to be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Zoan -* **Zoan** - This is a city in northern Egypt. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **How can you say to Pharaoh** - Isaiah uses a question to mock those in Egypt who claim to be wise. AT: "You should not say to Pharaoh." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Where then are your wise men?** - Isaiah uses a question to mock the wise men. The word "your" refers to Pharaoh. AT: "Call for your wise men, O Pharaoh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Let them tell you and make known what Yahweh of Hosts plans concerning Egypt** - Isaiah is implying that wise men should be able to understand God's plans, but Isaiah does not really believe they are wise. AT: "But they will not be able to make known to you what Yahweh of Hosts plans concerning Egypt." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. +This is a city in northern Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# How can you say to Pharaoh ... kings? + +Isaiah uses a question to mock those in Egypt who claim to be wise. AT: "You foolishly say to Pharaoh ... kings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where then are your wise men? + +Isaiah uses a question to mock the wise men. The word "your" refers to Pharaoh. AT: "You do not have any wise men." or "Your wise men are fools." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Let them tell you and make known what Yahweh of hosts plans concerning Egypt + +Isaiah is implying that wise men should be able to understand God's plans, but Isaiah does not really believe they are wise. AT: "If they were really wise, they would be able to tell you what Yahweh of hosts plans concerning Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/13.md b/isa/19/13.md index d676d56f7c..d1a0770b17 100644 --- a/isa/19/13.md +++ b/isa/19/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# they have made Egypt go astray, who are the cornerstones of her tribes -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The princes of Zoan and Memphis are spoken of as if they are the cornerstones of buildings because they are an important part of the community. AT: "the leaders have made Egypt go astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# princes of Zoan -* **princes of Zoan** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:19:11]]. -* **Memphis** - This is a city in the northern part of Egypt. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **whether head or tail, palm branch or reed** - See how you translated similar phrases in [[en:bible:notes:isa:09:13]]. +Zoan is a city in northern Egypt. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 19:11](./11.md). + +# Memphis + +This is a city in the northern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# made Egypt go astray + +The word "Egypt" represents the people of Egypt. Going astray represents doing what is wrong. AT: "made the people of Egypt go astray" or "made the people of Egypt do what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh has mixed a spirit of distortion into her midst + +Isaiah speaks of Yahweh's judgment as if Egypt was a cup of wine. He speaks of Yahweh causing the leaders' thoughts to be distorted as if their distorted thoughts were a liquid that Yahweh mixed in with the wine. AT: "Yahweh has judged them by distorting their thoughts" or "Yahweh has judged Egypt by distorting its leaders' thoughts, as intoxicating drinks confuse people's thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# distortion + +"perverseness" or "confusion" + +# into her midst + +Here "her" refers to Egypt. Nations are sometimes spoken of as if they were women. AT: "within Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they have led Egypt astray + +Here, "they" refers to the leaders described in the previous verses. The word "Egypt" represents the people of Egypt. AT: "the princes have led the people of Egypt astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have led Egypt astray + +Leading people astray represents influencing them to do what is wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a drunk staggering in his vomit + +Isaiah speaks of the people of Egypt doing what is wrong as if they were made to wander about like a drunken person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# whether head or tail + +The "head," the part of an animal a person would want to be, represents the leader. The "tail" is the opposite and represents people who follow. AT: "whether leader or follower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# palm branch or reed + +The "palm branch" grows high on the tree and represents people who are wealthy and important. The "reed" grows in shallow water and represents people who are poor and unimportant. See how you translated similar phrases in [Isaiah 9:14](../09/13.md). AT: "whether they are important or unimportant" or "whether rich or poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/16.md b/isa/19/16.md index be175b6503..c53a50025d 100644 --- a/isa/19/16.md +++ b/isa/19/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Egyptians will be like women -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This emphasizes that the people of Egypt will be afraid and helpless when God punishes them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# because of the upraised hand of Yahweh of hosts that he raises over them -* **Egyptians will be like women** - This emphasizes that the people of Egypt will be afraid and helpless when God punishes them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **because of the upraised hand of Yahweh of Hosts that he raises over them** - Here "hand" refers to God's power. AT: "because Yahweh of Hosts has raised his powerful hand to punish them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **land of Judah...to Egypt** - This refers to the people. AT: "the people of Judah...to the people of Egypt" -* **cause of staggering** - "cause of fear" -* **anyone reminds them of her** - "anyone reminds the Egyptians of the people of Judah.” +Here "hand" refers to God's power, and raising the hand against them represents punishing them. AT: "because Yahweh of hosts has raised his powerful hand to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The land of Judah will become a cause of staggering to Egypt + +The "land of Judah" and "Egypt" refer to the people in those places. The Egyptians will stagger because they are afraid. AT: "The people of Judah will cause the Egyptians to stagger" or "The people of Judah will cause the Egyptians to be terribly afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Whenever anyone reminds them of her, they will be afraid + +Here, "them" and "they" refer to the Egyptians and "her" refers to the people of Judah. AT: "Whenever anyone reminds the Egyptians of the people of Judah, the Egyptians will be afraid" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/18.md b/isa/19/18.md index c90fad72b7..acbf7d606c 100644 --- a/isa/19/18.md +++ b/isa/19/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# there will be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak -* [[en:tw:Canaan]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +This refers to the people of those cities. AT: "the people in five Egyptian cities will speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the language of Canaan -* **there will be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak** - This refers to the people. AT: "all the people in 5 cities in the land of Egypt will speak" -* **swear allegiance** - "promise to be loyal" -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **One of these cities will be called** - "People will call one of these cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The City of the Sun** - The meaning of this phrase is unclear. AT: "The City of Destruction" or "The City that destroys" or "The City of Righteousness" +This refers to Hebrew, the language of the people of God living in the land of Canaan. Here Canaan represents the people who live there. AT: "the language of the people of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# swear allegiance + +"promise to be loyal" + +# One of these cities will be called + +This can be stated in active form. "People will call one of these cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# called The City of the Sun + +It is not clear whether the Hebrew word translated "Sun" here means "sun" or "destruction." Is is also not clear what the name tells us about the city. AT: "the city called 'Sun City'" or "the city called 'Destruction City'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/19.md b/isa/19/19.md index b500c13e72..57ea0d794d 100644 --- a/isa/19/19.md +++ b/isa/19/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# a stone pillar at the border to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The phrase "the border" refers to the border of Egypt. AT: "a stone pillar to Yahweh at the border of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# It will be as a sign and a witness to Yahweh of hosts in the land of Egypt -* **It will be as a sign and a witness to Yahweh of Hosts** - The full meaning of "sign" and "witness" can be made explicit: “The alter and the pillar will show that the people of Egypt worship Yahweh of Hosts.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **When they cry** - "When the Egyptians cry" -* **because of oppressors** - "because someone is treating them harshly" or "because others are causing them to suffer" -* **he will send them a savior and a defender** - "he will send someone to save and defend them" +The abstract nouns "sign" and "witness" can be expressed with the verbs "show" and prove." AT: "The altar will show and prove that Yahweh of hosts is in the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to Yahweh of hosts in the land of Egypt + +Yahweh being in the land of Egypt represents the people of Egypt worshiping him. AT: "that the people in the land of Egypt worship Yahweh of hosts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When they cry + +"When the Egyptians cry" + +# because of oppressors + +"because people are treating them harshly" or "because others are causing them to suffer" + +# he will send them a savior and a defender + +"Yahweh will send someone to save and defend the Egyptians" + +# he will deliver them + +Who Yahweh will deliver them from can be made explicit. AT: "Yahweh will deliver the Egyptians from their oppressors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/21.md b/isa/19/21.md index 9b293e27c1..18fd1a9d45 100644 --- a/isa/19/21.md +++ b/isa/19/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh will become known to Egypt -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will make the people of Egypt know him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# will acknowledge Yahweh -* **Yahweh will be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians will know Yahweh in that day** - Here "Egypt" refers to the people. AT: "There will be a day when Yahweh will make himself known to the people of Egypt, and the people will all know Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will make vows to Yahweh and fulfill them** - “will make promises to Yahweh and keep them" -* **Yahweh will strike Egypt** - "Yahweh will punish the people of Egypt" -* **striking and healing** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "He will punish them and then heal them." +"will accept the truth about Yahweh" or "will agree to the truth about Yahweh" + +# They will worship + +The object of their worship can be made explicit. AT: "They will worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will make vows to Yahweh and fulfill them + +"will make promises to Yahweh and keep them" or "they will make promises to Yahweh and they will do what they have promised to do" + +# Yahweh will afflict Egypt + +Here, "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "Yahweh will afflict the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# afflict + +"strike" or "punish" + +# afflicting and healing + +The word "them" is understood in this phrase. AT: "afflicting them and healing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# afflicting and healing + +How this phrase relates to the phrase before it can be made clear with the words "after" and "also." AT: "and after he afflicts them, he will also heal them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/23.md b/isa/19/23.md index ec26585ee5..8bbbbfccb6 100644 --- a/isa/19/23.md +++ b/isa/19/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# there will be a highway -* [[en:tw:Assyria]] -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +A highway is a large road on which many people can travel. -## translationNotes +# the Assyrian will come -* **there will be a highway** - "there will be a large road" -* **and the Assyrian** - This refers to people from Assyria. AT: "and the Assyrian people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and the Egyptian to Assyria** - The words "will come" are understood: "and the Egyptian people will come to Assyria." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"the Assyrian" refers to a person from Assyria, but represents anyone from Assyria who comes to Egypt. AT: "Assyrians will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the Egyptian to Assyria + +The words "will come" are understood. AT: "the Egyptian will come to Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the Egyptian + +This refers to a person from Egypt, but represents anyone from Egypt who comes to Assyria. AT: "Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the Egyptians will worship with the Assyrians + +The object of their worship can be made explicit. AT: "the Egyptians and Assyrians will worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/24.md b/isa/19/24.md index 67af03978b..542c8e8474 100644 --- a/isa/19/24.md +++ b/isa/19/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel will be the third with Egypt and Assyria -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The names of the three nations represent the people of those nations. AT: "the Israelites will be the third with the Egyptians and Assyrians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# be the third with -* **Israel will be the third with Egypt and Assyria** - This refers to the people from each nation: “The people of Israel will join with the Egyptians and Assyrians.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **Blessed be Egypt, my people** - The full meaning can be made explicit: "You are blessed, people of Egypt, because you are my people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Assyria, the work of my hands** - "You are blessed, people of Assyria, because I created you" -* **and Israel, my inheritance** - "and you are blessed, people of Israel, because I securely possess you" +Possible meanings are 1) "join together with" or 2) "be the third blessing with" or 3) "be equal to." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Blessed be Egypt, my people; Assyria, the work of my hands; and Israel, my inheritance + +The names of the three nations refer to the people of those nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have blessed you, people of Egypt, because you are my people; and I have blessed you, people of Assyria, because I created you; and I have blessed you, people of Israel, because I securely possess you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the work of my hands + +Here "hands" refers to God's power and action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/intro.md b/isa/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..92a27e3d59 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Isaiah 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 19:1-18, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Egypt ##### + +This chapter prophesied destruction against the nation of Egypt. Their destruction will come from internal division instead of being conquered by another nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Imagery ##### + +Some of the imagery used in this chapter may be connected to the worship of specific false gods. One important god the people of Canaan worshiped was Baal, the god of rain or storms. One of the important gods the Egyptians worshiped was Ra, the god of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "In that day" ##### +This changes the reference from the time when Assyria comes to dominate the world and looks to a more distant future day. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/20/01.md b/isa/20/01.md index 9df104e37f..561f7c11f7 100644 --- a/isa/20/01.md +++ b/isa/20/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Tartan -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +the name of the chief commander of the armies of Assyria (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Sargon -* **Tartan** - The name of the chief commander of the armies of Assyria. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Sargon** - The name of the king of Assyria. -* **he fought against Ashdod and took it** - AT: "he fought against the army of Ashdod" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **son of Amoz** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:01]]. +the name of the king of Assyria + +# he fought against Ashdod and took it + +Ashdod refers to the army of Ashdod. AT: "he fought against the army of Ashdod and defeated it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walking naked and barefoot + +"walking around without clothes and without sandals." Here the word "naked" probably refers to wearing only his undergarments. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/20/03.md b/isa/20/03.md index 2370aa368c..5d301f8be9 100644 --- a/isa/20/03.md +++ b/isa/20/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# an omen -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"a warning" -## translationNotes +# concerning Egypt and concerning Cush -* **and an omen** - AT: "and a warning" -* **concerning Egypt and concerning Ethiopia** - AT: "concerning the people of Egypt and concerning the people of Ethiopia." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in this way the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt** - AT: "this is how the armies of the king of Assyria will invade, capture and take prisoners from these countries" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the king of Assyria will lead** - AT: "the king of Assyria and his army will lead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to the shame of Egypt ** - AT: "which will bring shame on the people of Egypt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The place names refer to their people. AT: "concerning the people of Egypt and the people of Cush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the king of Assyria will lead away the captives + +The king orders his army to do this task. AT: "the king of Assyria will have his army lead away the captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will lead away the captives of Egypt, and the exiles of Cush + +It can be stated clearly that they will first attack and capture people. AT: "will attack Egypt and Cush and capture their people and lead them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to the shame of Egypt + +Egypt refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "which will bring shame on the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/20/05.md b/isa/20/05.md index 6ceb25f5f4..e378e4a663 100644 --- a/isa/20/05.md +++ b/isa/20/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# dismayed and ashamed -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +"afraid and put to shame" -## translationNotes +# because of Cush their hope and of Egypt their glory -* **dismayed and ashamed** - AT: “afraid and put to shame” -* **because of Ethiopia their hope and of Egypt their glory** - AT: “because they had trusted in the power of the armies of Ethiopia and Egypt” (See UDB) -* **The inhabitants of these coasts** - the people who lived in the lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea -* **where we fled for help to be delivered** - "we fled to them so they could save us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and now, how can we escape?** - AT: "Now there is no escape." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Hope and glory refer to their trust in the military power of these countries. AT: "because they had trusted in the power of the armies of Cush and Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The inhabitants of these coasts + +the people who lived in the lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea + +# where we fled for help to be rescued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where we fled to so they would rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# now, how can we escape? + +The author uses this question to emphasize how hopeless their situation was. AT: "now there is no way for us to escape!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/20/intro.md b/isa/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be8e856d3b --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Isaiah 20 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Naked and barefoot ##### +This is an image used in this chapter to describe Assyria's victory over Egypt and Ethiopia. While they will be defeated, they will not be totally destroyed. Instead, they will be left with nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/01.md b/isa/21/01.md index 126402e1bc..f9219d4211 100644 --- a/isa/21/01.md +++ b/isa/21/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# A declaration -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:elam]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +"This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is Yahweh's message" -## translationNotes +# about the desert by the sea -* **about the desert by the sea** - This refers to the people who live in Babylon as being a desert though God has not made it into a desert yet. This event will certainly happen. AT: "about the people who live in a land that soon will be a desert." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Like stormwinds from the Negev it comes passing through** - Isaiah compares the army that will attack the people to a storm with strong winds. They will be quick and powerful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **from a terrible land** - The army is from a people that cause great fear. -* **A distressing vision has been given to me** - AT: "Yahweh showed me a troubling vision." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the treacherous man deals treacherously** - "those who deceive will deceive" -* **and the destroyer destroys** - "those who destroy will destroy" +This refers to the people who live in Babylon as being a desert, even though God has not made it into a desert yet. This event will certainly happen. AT: "about the people who live in a land that soon will be a desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# Like stormwinds sweeping through the Negev + +Isaiah compares the army that will attack the people to a storm with strong winds. They will be quick and powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# from the wilderness + +Here "wilderness" refers to the wilderness of Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from a terrible land + +The army is from a people that cause great fear. + +# A distressing vision has been given to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh showed me a troubling vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the treacherous man deals treacherously + +"those who deceive will deceive" + +# the destroyer destroys + +"those who destroy will destroy" + +# Go up and attack, Elam; besiege, Media + +In the vision given to Isaiah, Yahweh speaks to the armies of Elam and Media as if they are there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Go up and attack, Elam; besiege, Media + +It is understood that they are to attack the Babylonians. AT: "Go up and attack the Babylonians, you soldiers of Elam; go and besiege the Babylonians, you soldiers of Media" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Elam ... Media + +Here "Elam" and "Media" represent the soldiers from these places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will stop all her groaning + +Here "her" represents all the people who are suffering because of the Babylonians. Yahweh will cause them to stop groaning when he sends the armies of Elam and Media to destroy the Babylonians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/03.md b/isa/21/03.md index d115f65649..f822d24b1d 100644 --- a/isa/21/03.md +++ b/isa/21/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my loins are filled with pain -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] +The vision that Isaiah sees is so troubling it causes him physical pain. Here he describes the pain and cramping in the middle part of his body. -## translationNotes +# pains like the pains of a woman in labor have taken hold of me -* **I am bowed down by what I heard** - "My body is bent over in shock over what I heard" -* **My heart pounds; shuddering overcomes me** - "My heart beats fast and I am shaking" -* **the night that I desired has been turned into trembling for me** - "I desired for it to be night, but the vision has made it terrifying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Isaiah compares his pain to the pain of a woman giving birth. This emphasizes the great pain he is feeling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I am bowed down by what I heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "What I heard has caused me to bend over in pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I am disturbed by what I saw + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what I saw has greatly troubled me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My heart pounds, I shake with fear + +"My heart beats fast and I am shaking" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/05.md b/isa/21/05.md index fb4aca329d..a7bd200d17 100644 --- a/isa/21/05.md +++ b/isa/21/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They prepare -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +Here "They" refers to the leaders of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# prepare the table -* **anoint your shields with oil** - Soldiers would put oil on their leather shields so they would stay soft and not crack during battle. +Here "table" represents the food that people will eat at the feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# arise, princes + +Here "princes" refers in general to men with authority and not necessarily to sons of kings. + +# anoint your shields with oil + +Soldiers would put oil on their leather shields so they would stay soft and not crack during battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/06.md b/isa/21/06.md index 6de4dab79b..98c45c77a0 100644 --- a/isa/21/06.md +++ b/isa/21/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# post a watchman -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +"tell a watchman to stand on the wall of Jerusalem" -## translationNotes +# a chariot, a pair of horsemen -* **a watchman** - "a lookout" or "a guard" +"a soldier riding in a chariot, a pair of horses pulling it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/08.md b/isa/21/08.md index 6fe7924129..325b14ce56 100644 --- a/isa/21/08.md +++ b/isa/21/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Lord, on the watchtower I stand -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +Here "Lord" refers to the person with authority that commanded the watchman to stand on the wall of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Babylon has fallen, fallen -* **The watcher** - "the lookout" or "the guard" -* **Babylon has fallen, fallen** - The word "fallen" is repeated for emphasis. AT: "Babylon is completely destroyed" +Babylon being completely defeated by their enemies is spoken of as if Babylon has fallen. Here "Babylon" is a metonym that represents the people of Babylon. AT: "The people of Babylon are completely defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fallen, fallen + +The word "fallen" is repeated to emphasize that the people of Babylon were completely defeated by their enemies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/10.md b/isa/21/10.md index 3df5d2802f..d9fc363b90 100644 --- a/isa/21/10.md +++ b/isa/21/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# My threshed and winnowed ones, children of my threshing floor -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The people of Israel suffering because of the Babylonians is spoken of as if the people were grain that was threshed and winnowed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# My threshed -* **My threshed and winnowed ones, children of my threshing floor** - The word "my" refers to Isaiah. This comparison emphasizes the suffering of the people of Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. +The word "my" refers to Isaiah. + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/11.md b/isa/21/11.md index 3431d7a514..1c2f8b2121 100644 --- a/isa/21/11.md +++ b/isa/21/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A declaration -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] +"This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is a message from Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# about Dumah -* **A declaration** - "This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is a message from Yahweh" -* **about Dumah** - This is another name for Edom. AT: "about the people of Dumah" or "about the people of Edom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **one calls to me** - Here "me" refers to Isaiah. -* **Watchman, what is left of the night? Watchman, what is left of the night?** - This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Watchman** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:21:06]]. -* **if you will ask, ask, and then come back again** - "if you want to ask, then come back later and ask" +This is another name for Edom. Here "Dumah" represents the people who live there. AT: "about the people of Dumah" or "about the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# One calls to me + +Here "me" refers to Isaiah. + +# Seir + +This is the name of mountains west of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Watchman, what is left of the night? Watchman, what is left of the night? + +This is repeated to emphasize that the person asking the question is worried and nervous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# If you want to ask, then ask; and come back again + +"Ask me now what you want to know, but also come back later and ask again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/13.md b/isa/21/13.md index b94880db0c..6565729b0e 100644 --- a/isa/21/13.md +++ b/isa/21/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# A declaration -* [[en:tw:arabia]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is the message of Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# about Arabia -* **A declaration** - "This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is the message of Yahweh" -* **about Arabia** - AT: "the people of Arabia" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **In the wilderness** - Arabia does not have a forest. AT: "Far off from the road" or "Out in the bushes" -* **caravans** - a group of people traveling together -* **Dedanites** - This is a people group that lived in Arabia. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **land of Tema** - This is the name of a city in Arabia. -* **fugitives** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:15:05]]. -* **For they have fled from the sword, from the drawn sword, from the bent bow, and from the weight of war** - "For they are fleeing from the war and from those who want to kill them" +Arabia refers to the population of Arabia. AT: "about the people of Arabia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In the wilderness of Arabia + +Arabia does not have a forest. AT: "Far off from the road in Arabia" or "Out in the bushes of Arabia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# caravans + +a group of people traveling together + +# Dedanites + +This is a people group that lived in Arabia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# land of Tema + +This is the name of a city in Arabia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fugitives + +A fugitive is a person who runs away so that his enemy will not capture him. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 15:5](../15/05.md). + +# with bread + +Here "bread" represents food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from the sword, from the drawn sword, from the bent bow + +Here "sword" and "bow" represents the soldiers who attack the inhabitants of Tema. AT: "from their enemies who attack them with swords and bows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the weight of war + +The terror and suffering that is experienced during war is spoken of as if war were a heavy weight on people. AT: "from the horrors of war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/16.md b/isa/21/16.md index b395e97532..23bfb0059f 100644 --- a/isa/21/16.md +++ b/isa/21/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# as a laborer hired for a year would see it -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:archer]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"as a hired laborer would count the days of a year." A hired worker is careful to count the days so that he works exactly the amount of time he is paid to work. This means Kedar will be defeated in exactly one year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# of Kedar -* **as a laborer hired for a year would see it** - "as a hired laborer would count the days" -* **of Kedar** - AT: "of the people of Kedar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a region in Arabia. Kedar represents the population of Kedar. AT: "of the people of Kedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/intro.md b/isa/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6ab7f8474 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Isaiah 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 21:1-10, 13-17, which are quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cush ##### +Dumah and Seir are places in Edom. Part of this chapter is a prophecy against Cush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The desert by the sea ##### +This is a metaphor for an unknown nation. Scholars are divided over the proper identity of this nation, but it is probably Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Mystery ##### +The fulfillment of this chapter is very mysterious. It is unknown who is truly being addressed and how this is to be fulfilled in history. The translator should not attempt to give the reader insight into this prophecy's fulfillment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/01.md b/isa/22/01.md index eb275e7b83..85a5bd09f6 100644 --- a/isa/22/01.md +++ b/isa/22/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A declaration -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +"This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is Yahweh's message" -## translationNotes +# about the Valley of Vision -* **A declaration** - "This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is Yahweh's message" -* **about the valley of vision** - AT: "about those who live in the valley of vision" or "about those who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **What is the reason that you all have gone up to the housetops?** - Isaiah uses a question to scold the people of Judah. AT: "You should not go and stand on the tops of your houses." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a town full of revelry** - "a town full of people celebrating" -* **your dead were not killed with the sword** - AT: "enemy soldiers did not kill your people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "Valley" refers to those who live in the valley, that is, Jerusalem. AT: "about those who live in the Valley of Vision" or "about those who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What is the reason that you have all gone up to the housetops? + +Isaiah uses a question to scold the people of Judah. AT: "You should not go and stand on the tops of your houses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a town full of revelry + +"a town full of people celebrating" + +# Your dead were not killed with the sword + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Enemy soldiers did not kill your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with the sword + +Here "sword" represents the soldiers who fight in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/03.md b/isa/22/03.md index af36662332..5ca114f182 100644 --- a/isa/22/03.md +++ b/isa/22/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# but they were captured without using a bow -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but the enemy captured your rulers who were not even carrying a bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# all of them were captured together -* **but they were caught without a bow** - AT: "but the enemy caught your rulers who were not even carrying a bow" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all of them were caught and captured together** - AT: "the enemy caught and captured all of them together" -* **Therefore I said** - Here "I" refers to Isaiah. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy captured all of them together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Therefore I said + +Here "I" refers to Isaiah. + +# of the daughter of my people + +Here "daughter" represents the people and may imply Isaiah's feeling of love for them. AT: "of my people whom I love" or "of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/05.md b/isa/22/05.md index 4f48d23f15..93f7f22454 100644 --- a/isa/22/05.md +++ b/isa/22/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# For there is a day -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:elam]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"For there will be a time" -## translationNotes +# of tumult, treading down, and confusion for the Lord Yahweh of hosts -* **For there is a day** - "For there will be a day" -* **for the Lord** - "from the Lord" -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **in the valley of vision** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:22:01]]. -* **Elam takes up the quiver** - AT: "the soldiers of Elam take their bows and arrows" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Kir lays the shield bare** - AT: "the soldiers of Kir prepare their shields." Kir is a city in Media. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **your choicest valleys** - Here "your" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Isaiah does include himself as one of the people of Jerusalem. AT: "our best valleys." +"when the Lord Yahweh of hosts will cause panic, treading down, and confusion" + +# treading down + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to soldiers marching or 2) people in general are running in panic and not sure where to go. + +# in the Valley of Vision + +This refers to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 22:1](./01.md). + +# people crying out to the mountains + +Possible meanings are 1) "people in the mountains will hear their cries" or 2) "the people's cries will echo off the mountains" + +# Elam takes up the quiver + +The quiver is a bag to carry arrows and represents the archer's weapons. AT: "The soldiers of Elam take their bows and arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kir lays the shield bare + +Here "Kir" represents the soldiers. AT: "the soldiers of Kir will take their shields out of their covers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kir + +Kir is a city in Media. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your choicest valleys + +Here "your" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Isaiah does include himself as one of the people of Jerusalem. AT: "our best valleys" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/08.md b/isa/22/08.md index 4efda39e9e..22f969dac9 100644 --- a/isa/22/08.md +++ b/isa/22/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when an army will attack the people of Jerusalem. Past tense verbs can be translated with future tense verbs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# He took away the protection of Judah -* Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when an army will attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:22:05]]. -* **He took away the protection of Judah** - “Yahweh will take away everything that has protected the people of Judah” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Palace of the Forest** - This was a part of the temple in Jerusalem where they stored their weapons. +The abstract noun "protection" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Yahweh will take away everything that has protected the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you looked in that day to the weapons + +Here the phrase "to look to" means to trust in something. AT: "to defend yourselves you will get the weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Palace of the Forest + +This was a part of the temple in Jerusalem where they stored their weapons. + +# you collected the water of the lower pool + +The people will store water so that they will have enough to drink while their enemies surround the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/10.md b/isa/22/10.md index 89947fc509..4ca41de9b7 100644 --- a/isa/22/10.md +++ b/isa/22/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when an army will attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# You counted the houses -* Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when an army will attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:22:05]]. -* **You made a reservoir** - "You made a storage place" +Here "counted" means they inspected the houses to find material to help them rebuild the city wall. + +# You made a reservoir + +"You made a storage place" + +# between the two walls + +It is unclear what two walls Isaiah meant. The main point is that they built the reservoir within the city walls. + +# the city's maker + +This refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/12.md b/isa/22/12.md index 9f37b0255a..2468df7eb4 100644 --- a/isa/22/12.md +++ b/isa/22/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## translationNotes +# for shaved heads -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **for shaved heads** - This was a sign of mourning and repenting. -* **This was revealed in my ears by Yahweh of Hosts** - AT: “Yahweh of Hosts revealed this to me” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Surely this iniquity will not be forgiven you, even when you die** - AT: "Surely I will not forgive you for these sinful things you have done" +This was a sign of mourning and repenting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we will die + +Here "eat and drink" represents having a party and over indulging in food and wine. AT: "we may as well have fun now by eating and drinking all we want, for we will die soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This was revealed in my ears by Yahweh of hosts + +Here "ears" represents Isaiah as a whole. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh of hosts revealed this to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Surely this iniquity will not be forgiven you, even when you die + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Surely I will not forgive you for these sinful things you have done, even when you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# even when you die + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will never forgive them, even after they die or 2) Yahweh will not forgive them until they die. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/15.md b/isa/22/15.md index 5f3bfee5b9..ffe3d2549e 100644 --- a/isa/22/15.md +++ b/isa/22/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Shebna -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This is the name of the manager of the king's palace in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# who is over the house -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **Shebna** - This is the name of the manager of the king's palace in Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **What do you have here, and who are you, that you have hewn out a grave** - Yahweh uses this question to scold Shebna. AT: "You have no right to make for yourself a grave here!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "house" represents those in the king's palace. AT: "who is in charge of all those who work in the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What are you doing here and who gave you permission ... in the rock? + +Yahweh uses this question to scold Shebna. AT: "You have no right ... in the rock!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cut out a tomb ... hewing out a grave ... carving out a resting place + +These three phrases all refer to making a burial tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# on the heights + +The most important people in Israel had tombs in the highest places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/17.md b/isa/22/17.md index 0bbffe8bda..2fb7f264fb 100644 --- a/isa/22/17.md +++ b/isa/22/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues to speak God's message to Shebna. -## translationNotes +# He will surely wind you round and round, and toss you like a ball into a vast country -* Isaiah continues to speak God's message to Shebna. -* **He will surely wind you round and round, and toss you like a ball into a vast country** - This compares the enemy army taking Shebna as captive to a foreign land to God throwing him like a ball. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **You will be pulled down** - AT: “I will bring you down from your honored position” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The enemy soldiers coming and taking Shebna as a captive to a foreign land is spoken of as if Yahweh were throwing him like a ball into another land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will be the shame of your master's house + +Here "house" represents the people who work in the king's palace. AT: "you will cause shame for all those in your master's palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will thrust you from your office and from your station. You will be pulled down + +Yahweh causing Shebna to no longer work in the king's palace is spoken of as if Yahweh will throw him to the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will be pulled down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bring you down from your honored position" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/20.md b/isa/22/20.md index 513c18ce44..8b6ed8bc0e 100644 --- a/isa/22/20.md +++ b/isa/22/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +Isaiah continues to speak God's message to Shebna. -## translationNotes +# It will come about on that day -* Isaiah continues to speak God's message to Shebna. -* **Eliakim ... Hilkiah** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **sash** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:03:18]]. -* **into his hand** - AT: "to him" -* **He will be a father** - This emphasizes that Eliakim will care for and protect the people of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will place the key of the house of David on his shoulder** - Here "key" refers to authority. AT: "I will put him in charge of the king's palace" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"It will happen at that time" + +# Eliakim ... Hilkiah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I will clothe him with your tunic and put on him your sash + +Yahweh causing Eliakim to take Shebna's place in the king's palace is spoken of as if Yahweh will dress Eliakim in Shebna's clothes that represent his authority in the king's palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your tunic ... your sash + +Here the tunic and sash represent authority in the king's palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sash + +This is a piece of cloth that people wear around the waist or across the chest. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 3:20](../03/18.md). + +# into his hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will be a father + +Eliakim caring for and protecting the people of Judah is spoken of as if he would be their father. AT: "He will be like a father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the house of Judah + +Here "house" represents the people. AT: "to the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will place the key of the house of David on his shoulder ... none will open + +Here "key" represents authority. This speaks of Eliakim having authority that no one can oppose as if he had the key to the palace and no one else could lock or unlock the door. AT: "I will put him in charge of those who work in the king's palace, and when he makes a decision no one will be able to oppose him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/23.md b/isa/22/23.md index 35580608e4..8531e28c9d 100644 --- a/isa/22/23.md +++ b/isa/22/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Yahweh continues to describe Eliakim, who will replace Shebna in the king's palace. -## translationNotes +# I will fasten him, a peg in a secure place -* Yahweh continues to describe Eliakim who will replace Shebna in the king's palace. -* **I will fasten him like a nail in a secure place** - This emphasizes the Eliakim's authority will be strong and secure in the king's palace. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he will become a throne of glory to his father’s house** - Here "throne of glory" refers to a place of honor. AT: "Eliakim will bring honor to his family" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **They will hang upon him all the glory of his father’s house** - AT: "They will give honor to his whole family because of him" -* **every small vessel from the cups to all the jugs** - This continues to compare Eliakim to a nail. His offspring will be like cups that hang on the nail. This emphasizes that people will honor his descendants because of Eliakim. +Yahweh causing Eliakim's authority to be strong and secure in the king's palace is spoken of as if Eliakim were a peg and Yahweh will set him firmly in the palace wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will become a seat of glory for his father's house + +Here "seat of glory" represents a place of honor. AT: "Eliakim will bring honor to his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his father's house + +Here "house" represents family. AT: "his father's family" or "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will hang on him all the glory of his father's house + +Yahweh causing Eliakim's whole family to be honored because of Eliakim is spoken of as if Eliakim were a peg in the wall and his family were something that hangs on the peg. AT: "They will give honor to his whole family because of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every small container from the cups to all the jugs + +This continues to speak of Eliakim as a peg. His offspring will be like cups that hang on the peg. This means his descendants will be honored because of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the cups to all the jugs + +A cup is a small container that holds water. A jug is a larger container that holds water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/25.md b/isa/22/25.md index 98ec61650c..2875fa6b05 100644 --- a/isa/22/25.md +++ b/isa/22/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This continues the imagery from the previous verses. (See: [Isaiah 22:23-24](./23.md)) -## translationNotes +# On that day -* 24]]) -* **declaration of Yahweh of hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. -* **the peg driven in a firm place...will be cut off** - This compares Shebna to a peg. This emphasizes that Shebna thought his authority was secure but God will remove him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"At that time" + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 14:22](../14/21.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the peg driven in a firm place ... will be cut off + +Yahweh causing Shebna to lose his authority in the king's palace is spoken of as if Shebna were a peg in the wall that breaks off and falls to the ground. This emphasizes that Shebna thought his authority was secure but God will remove him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the weight that was on it will be cut off + +Here "weight" represents Shebna's power and authority. It is spoken of as if it were an object hanging on the peg that represents Shebna. Yahweh causing Shebna to lose his power and authority is spoken of as if someone were to cut off the object that was hanging on the peg. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/intro.md b/isa/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..17b8fbd94d --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +On this day of judgment, Judah should be repenting of their sin. Instead, they are celebrating it. Although Judah avoids Yahweh's punishment through the Assyrians, their punishment will still come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Valley of Visions" ##### +This is a metaphor used in this prophecy against the nation of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/01.md b/isa/23/01.md index f61f72ed46..cb09d03e49 100644 --- a/isa/23/01.md +++ b/isa/23/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Isaiah continues to tell what God has judged against the nations in 13:1-23:18. -## translationNotes +# A declaration about Tyre -* 23:18. -* **Howl, you ships of Tarshish** - See how you translated "ships of Tarshish" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:02:14]]. Isaiah speaks to the men on the ships of Tarshish as if they could hear him. AT: "Cry out in despair you men on the ships of Tarshish." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **from the land of Kittim it has been revealed to them** - Kittum is another name for Cyprus. It is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. AT: "The men heard about Tyre when they were in the land of Kittim" or "The men heard about Tyre when they were in Cyprus." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Be astounded, you inhabitants of the coast, you merchants of Sidon** - “Be shocked you people of the coast, you sellers from Sidon.” The "coast" is the land near or around the sea or ocean. -* **who travel over the sea, whose agents supply you** - AT: "whose men travel on the sea and supply you with goods to sell." -* **And on great waters the grain of the Shihor region, the harvest of the Nile, was brought to Tyre** - Shihor and the Nile refer to the land of Egypt. AT: "The men traveled on the great waters to bring to Tyre the grain and the harvest from Egypt. +"This is what Yahweh declares about Tyre" + +# Howl, you ships of Tarshish + +Here "ships" represents the men on the ships. Isaiah speaks to the men on the ships of Tarshish as if they could hear him. AT: "Cry out in despair you men on the ships of Tarshish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# harbor + +an area of the sea that is near land and safe for ships + +# from the land of Cyprus it has been revealed to them + +This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "the men heard about Tyre when they were in the land of Cyprus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Be silent, you inhabitants of the coast + +Isaiah speaks to the people who live on the coast as if they could hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Be silent + +This is an idiom. Here silence is meant to signal shock and amazement. AT: "Be shocked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# of the coast + +The "coast" is the land near or around the sea or ocean. Here it refers to the people who live in Phoenicia which borders the Mediterranean sea. + +# the merchant of Sidon, who travels over the sea, has filled you + +Here "merchant" means "many merchants." AT: "the merchants of Sidon, who travel over the sea, have made you rich" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# Upon the great waters was the grain of Shihor + +Shihor was the name of a valley near the Nile River in Egypt known for its production of grain. AT: "The men traveled on the large sea to transport the grain from Shihor in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the harvest of the Nile was her produce + +The "harvest of the Nile" refers to the grain that was harvested near the Nile River and transported on the river and then to Phoenicia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# her produce + +"its produce." It was common to refer to the river as "her." + +# it became the commerce of the nations + +Commerce is the activity of buying and selling goods. Here "nations" represents the people. AT: "you were where people from other nations came to buy and sell goods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/04.md b/isa/23/04.md index 22b4129d5c..4fb1b09f6b 100644 --- a/isa/23/04.md +++ b/isa/23/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# for the sea has spoken, the mighty one of the sea ... nor brought up young women -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] - -## translationNotes - -* **for the sea has spoken, the mighty one of the sea** - Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh describes the city of Tyre as a mother who speaks about the people who live in the city as her children, or 2) Yahweh is describing the Mediterranean sea as speaking. The sea is considered the father of the people who live in the coastal city of Tyre. In either meaning the speaker mourns because its children are destroyed. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh describes the city of Tyre as a mother who speaks about the people who live in the city as her children, or 2) Yahweh is describing the Mediterranean Sea as speaking. The people of Tyre considered the sea their god and father. In either meaning the speaker mourns because its children are destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/06.md b/isa/23/06.md index cad14cf92c..d1d8408a4b 100644 --- a/isa/23/06.md +++ b/isa/23/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Cross over to Tarshish -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] +"Make your way to Tarshish." Tarshish was the farthest land the people of Tyre traveled to do business. It will be the only place of safety for those who escape from Tyre. -## translationNotes +# Has this happened to you, the joyful city, whose origin is from ancient times ... to settle? -* **Cross over to Tarshish** - "Make your way to Tarshish." Tarshish was the farthest land the people of Tyre traveled to do business. It will be the only place of safety for those who escape from Tyre. -* **Has this happened to you, the joyful city, whose origin is from ancient times** - Yahweh uses a question to mock Tyre. AT: "This has indeed happened to you who were full of joy in the ancient city of Tyre." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **whose feet carried her far away to foreign places to settle** - "who went to distant places to live and make money." +Yahweh uses a question to mock Tyre. This rhetorical questions can be translated as a statement. AT: "This has indeed happened to you who were full of joy in the ancient city of Tyre ... to settle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the joyful city + +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "the joyful people who live in the city of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whose feet carried her far away to foreign places to settle + +Here "feet" represents the whole person. AT: "who went to distant places to live and make money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# her far away + +Here "her" refers to the city of Tyre which represents the people of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/08.md b/isa/23/08.md index a5c65f4163..a7f1e4ed17 100644 --- a/isa/23/08.md +++ b/isa/23/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Who has planned this against Tyre ... of the earth? -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Isaiah uses a question to mock Tyre. The word "this" refers to God's plans to destroy Tyre which Isaiah described in 23:1-7. Also, "Tyre" refers to the people who live in Tyre. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It was Yahweh who has planned to destroy the people of Tyre ... of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the giver of crowns -* **Who has planned this against Tyre** - Isaiah uses a question to mock Tyre. The word "this" refers to God's plans to destroy Tyre which Isaiah described in 23:1-7. Also, "Tyre" refers to the people who live in Tyre. AT: "Someone has planned to destroy the people of Tyre." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the giver of crowns** - Here "crown" refers to the power a person has as a ruler over people. AT: “who gives people power to rule over others" -* **whose merchants are princes** - The merchants are compared to princes to emphasize how much power they had when they went to different lands. AT: "whose merchants are like kings" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **whose traders are the honored ones of the earth** - "whose traders the people of the earth give the highest honors" +Here "crown" refers to the power a person has as a ruler over people. AT: "who gives people power to rule over others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whose merchants are princes + +The merchants are compared to princes to emphasize how much power they had when they went to different lands. AT: "whose merchants are like princes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whose traders are the honored ones of the earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose traders the people of the earth give the highest honors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to dishonor her pride and all her glory + +"to dishonor them because they were proud of their own glory" + +# her pride ... her glory ... her honored ones + +Here "her" refers to the city of Tyre which represents the people who live there. AT: "their pride ... their glory ... their honored one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/10.md b/isa/23/10.md index e304546e9a..0cca321880 100644 --- a/isa/23/10.md +++ b/isa/23/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Plow your land, as one plows the Nile, daughter of Tarshish. There is no longer a marketplace in Tyre -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cyprus]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:phonecia]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish to start planting crops since they can no longer trade with Tyre or 2) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish they are free from Tyre's control. AT: "Pass through your land like a river, daughter of Tarshish. The people of Tyre no longer have any power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# daughter of Tarshish -* **Plow your land, as one plows the Nile, O daughter of Tarshish. There is no longer a marketplace in Tyre** - Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish to start planting crops since they can no longer trade with Tyre, or 2) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish they are free from Tyre's control. AT: "Pass through your land like a river, O daughter of Tarshish. The people of Tyre no longer have any power." (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **O daughter of Tarshish** - The ”daughter” of a city means the people of the city. AT: "the people of Tarshish” or ”the people who live in Tarshish." -* **has stretched out his hand over the sea** - "has shown his power over the people who live near the sea" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The "daughter" of a city represents the people of the city. AT: "the people of Tarshish" or "the people who live in Tarshish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh has reached out with his hand over the sea, and he has shaken the kingdoms + +Yahweh using his power to control the sea and the people of mighty kingdoms is spoken of as if Yahweh reached out his hand and shook kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has reached out with his hand over the sea + +Here "hand" refers to God's power and control. AT: "has shown his power over the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# oppressed virgin daughter of Sidon + +Here "virgin daughter" represents the people of Sidon. AT: "people of Sidon, because other people will oppress you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/13.md b/isa/23/13.md index ad3c321466..0c221d0f30 100644 --- a/isa/23/13.md +++ b/isa/23/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# See the land of the Chaldeans -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] +"Chaldeans" is another name for Babylonians. AT: "See what happened to the land of the Babylonians" or "See what has happened to Babylonia" -## translationNotes +# siege towers -* **See the land of the Chaldeans** - AT: "See what has happened to Babylonia" -* **siege towers** - Soldiers built towers or dirt ramps to attack over the walls of a city. -* **Howl, you ships of Tarshish** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:23:01]]. +Soldiers built towers or dirt ramps to attack over the walls of a city. + +# Howl, you ships of Tarshish + +Here "ships" represents the men on the ships. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 23:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your refuge has been destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for enemies have destroyed your refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/15.md b/isa/23/15.md index 0731241367..c4169f6ce0 100644 --- a/isa/23/15.md +++ b/isa/23/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# In that day -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +"At that time" or "Then" -## translationNotes +# Tyre will be forgotten for seventy years -* **for seventy years** - "for 70 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **like in the song of the prostitute** - This compares the people of Tyre to a prostitute. Just as a prostitute who is no longer popular may sing in the streets to regain her former lovers, so Tyre will seek to regain her former position of power and wealth with other nations. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Since people will no longer go to Tyre to buy or sell goods, it will be like they have forgotten about the city. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for seventy years it will be like the people have forgotten about Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for seventy years + +"for 70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# like the days of a king + +"like the years of a king" or "which is about as long as a king lives" + +# like in the song of the prostitute ... so that you may be remembered + +This speaks about the people of Tyre as if they were a prostitute. Just as a prostitute who is no longer popular may sing in the streets to regain her former lovers, the people of Tyre will try to get people from other nations to return to them to continue trading so that the people of Tyre will be rich and powerful again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that you may be remembered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that people remember you" or "so that people return to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/17.md b/isa/23/17.md index 579658cb9b..ec3692fcb7 100644 --- a/isa/23/17.md +++ b/isa/23/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It will come about that -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event that will happen. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# seventy years -* **It will come about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event that will happen. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Yahweh will help Tyre** - Here "Tyre" refers to the people who live in Tyre. AT: "Yahweh will help the people of Tyre." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **She will prostitute herself with all the kingdoms on the surface of the earth** - Isaiah compares the people of Tyra with a prostitute. Just as the prostitute sells herself for money to any man, the people of Tyre will again buy and sell to all kingdoms. AT: "And like a prostitute they will buy and sell will all the kingdoms of the earth." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They will not be stored up or laid up** - AT: "The merchants will not store away their money." -* **Those who live in Yahweh's presence** - "Those who obey and serve Yahweh" -* **for them to eat and to have lasting clothing** - "for them to have enough food to eat and clothing that will last a long time" +"70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Yahweh will help Tyre + +Here "Tyre" represents the people who live in Tyre. AT: "Yahweh will help the people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# she will start making money again by doing the work of a prostitute ... of the earth + +Isaiah compares the people of Tyre with a prostitute. Just as the prostitute sells herself for money to any man, the people of Tyre will again buy and sell to all kingdoms. AT: "And like a prostitute they will buy and sell will all the kingdoms of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will not be stored up or kept + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The merchants will not store away their money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who live in Yahweh's presence + +"those who obey and serve Yahweh" + +# to supply them with abundant food + +"so they will have enough food to eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/intro.md b/isa/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..39bbeb53dd --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Phoenicia ##### +This chapter prophesies destruction against several cities in Phoenicia as well as in Tarshish. The exact location of Tarshish is unknown. Because of the locations mentioned in this chapter, it appears that the Assyrians will conquer many of the nations on the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/01.md b/isa/24/01.md index 8c7327bf40..3779c6164b 100644 --- a/isa/24/01.md +++ b/isa/24/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# to empty the earth -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"to make the earth desolate" or "to destroy everything on the earth" -## translationNotes +# It will come about that -* **It will come about that** - This is an "important event" marker. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **as with...so with** - What Yahweh will do is not stated here, but it is understood. AT: "as Yahweh scatters...so he will scatter." This show that God will treat all people the same way. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **the receiver of interest** - "the one who owes money." The word "interest" means the extra money someone has to pay so that he may borrow money. -* **the giver of interest** - "the one who is owed money" +This phrase marks an important event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# as with ... so with + +What Yahweh will do is not stated here, but it is understood. This shows that God will treat all people the same way. AT: "as Yahweh scatters ... so he will scatter"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the priest ... the giver of interest + +In 24:2 Isaiah lists several classes of people. They can be stated as plural nouns as in the UDB. AT: "the priests ... those who give interest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the receiver of interest + +"the one who owes money." The word "interest" means the extra money someone has to pay so that he may borrow money. + +# the giver of interest + +"the one who is owed money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/03.md b/isa/24/03.md index 3d66dde832..9895f5a2a2 100644 --- a/isa/24/03.md +++ b/isa/24/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The earth will be completely devastated and completely stripped -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will completely devastate the earth and he will remove everything with value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh has spoken this word -* **The earth will be completely devastated and completely stripped** - AT: "Yahweh will completely devastate the earth and he will remove everything with value." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The earth dries up and withers, the world shrivels up and fades away** - AT: "Everything on earth will dry up and die. (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The earth is polluted by its inhabitants** - AT: "The people have polluted the earth" -* **they have transgressed the laws, violated the statutes, and broken the everlasting covenant** - "they have not obeyed God's laws and statutes, and they have broken God's eternal covenant" +"Yahweh has said he would" + +# The earth dries up and withers, the world shrivels up and fades away + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "Everything on earth will dry up and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The earth ... the world + +Both of these represent everything that is on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The earth is polluted by its inhabitants + +The people sinning and making the earth unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the people made the earth physically unclean. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people have polluted the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they have transgressed the laws, violated the statutes, and broken the everlasting covenant + +"they have not obeyed God's laws and statutes, and they have broken God's eternal covenant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/06.md b/isa/24/06.md index 2047cb492f..96637a7940 100644 --- a/isa/24/06.md +++ b/isa/24/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# a curse devours the earth -* Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. -* **and its inhabitants are found guilty** - AT: "and Yahweh will declare that the people are guilty" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh cursing the earth and destroying it is spoken of as if a curse were either a wild animal that completely eats the earth or a fire that completely burns up the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# its inhabitants are found guilty + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will declare that the people are guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/08.md b/isa/24/08.md index 8873543932..e9b7d4f1fa 100644 --- a/isa/24/08.md +++ b/isa/24/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# tambourines ... lyre -* Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. -* **tambourines...lyre** - These are musical instruments. See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:05:11]]. +These are musical instruments. See how you translated these in [Isaiah 5:12](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/10.md b/isa/24/10.md index 56fd9ef143..c06f846052 100644 --- a/isa/24/10.md +++ b/isa/24/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# The city of chaos has been broken down -* Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. -* **The city of chaos has been broken down** - AT: "Yahweh will break down the city of chaos." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The city of chaos** - Possible meanings are 1) the city was in chaos before the Lord breaks it down. The people did not obey God, the government was corrupt, and the city was full of drinking and parties, or 2) The city will be in chaos after God breaks it down. The walls and buildings that were once built strong and tall are now in ruins on the ground. With either meaning it does not mean one city. It refers to many cities. -* **every house is closed up and empty** - "the people will close up their houses and leave them empty" -* **because of the wine** - "because there is no wine" -* **all joy is darkened, the gladness of the land has disappeared** - AT: "All joy will be gone from the earth" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will break down the city of chaos" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The city of chaos + +Possible meanings are 1) the city was in chaos before the Lord breaks it down; the people did not obey God, the government was corrupt, and the city was full of drinking and parties, or 2)the city will be in chaos after God breaks it down. The walls and buildings that were once built strong and tall are now in ruins on the ground. With either meaning it does not mean one city. It refers to cities in general. + +# every house is closed up and empty + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people will close up their houses and leave them empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because of the wine + +"because there is no wine" + +# all joy is darkened, the gladness of the land has disappeared + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "all joy will be gone from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# gladness of the land + +Here "land" represents the people of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/12.md b/isa/24/12.md index 08582ce429..69e65bd39d 100644 --- a/isa/24/12.md +++ b/isa/24/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# In the city is left a desolation -* Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. +The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as "desolate" or "empty." AT: "The city is desolate" or "The city is left empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# In the city + +This is not a specific city but cities in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# as when an olive tree is beaten, as the gleanings when the grape harvest is done + +This compares the nations after Yahweh devastates the land to trees and vines after their fruit has been picked. This means there will be very few people left in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/14.md b/isa/24/14.md index d0aca4a9f1..85c2efa65c 100644 --- a/isa/24/14.md +++ b/isa/24/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They will lift up their voices and shout the majesty of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The phrase "lift up their voices" is an idiom that means to speak loudly. AT: "They will sing and shout about the majesty of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# They will -* **They will lift up their voices and shout the majesty of Yahweh** - "Those who are left on the earth will shout praises to the majesty of Yahweh" -* **and will joyfully shout from the sea** - "and those near the Mediterranean Sea will shout with joy" -* **Therefore in the east glorify Yahweh** - The phrase "in the east" refers to the people leaving east of Israel. Isaiah is commanding these people as if they were there with him. But, he is talking to the people in the future after God judges the world. Alternate translation: "Therefore everyone from distant lands in the east will glorify Yahweh." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **and in the isles of the sea give glory** - "and everyone in the islands will give glory" -* **to the name of Yahweh** - Here "name" refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "to Yahweh." +Here "They" refers to those who are still alive after Yahweh devastates the earth. + +# and will joyfully shout from the sea + +Here "the sea" refers to the Mediterranean Sea which is west of Israel. AT: "and those in the west towards the sea will shout with joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Therefore in the east glorify Yahweh + +The phrase "in the east" represents the people living east of Israel. Isaiah is commanding these people as if they were there with him. But, he is talking to the people in the future after God devastates the earth. AT: "Therefore everyone from distant lands in the east will glorify Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# in the isles of the sea give glory + +Isaiah is commanding the people who live on the islands in the Mediterranean sea as if they were there with him. But, he is talking to the people in the future after God devastates the earth. AT: "everyone in the islands will give glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# to the name of Yahweh + +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/16.md b/isa/24/16.md index a9766dc0c6..2dd8ac16f8 100644 --- a/isa/24/16.md +++ b/isa/24/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# we have heard -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Here "we" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. Isaiah is describing something in the future as if it has already happened. AT: "we will hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# I have wasted away, I have wasted away -* **we have heard** - Isaiah is describing something in the future as if it has already happened. AT: "we will hear" -* **I have wasted away, I have wasted away** - Isaiah repeats this phrase for emphasis. AT: "I have become very weak." Isaiah was very concerned because he saw people who deceived others and did not honor their commitments. -* **The treacherous have dealt treacherously; yes, the treacherous have dealt very treacherously** - AT: "Indeed, those who deceive are now deceiving others" or "Indeed, the deceivers have acted deceitfully." +Isaiah repeats this phrase to emphasize his anguish. He was very concerned because he saw people who deceived others and did not do what they promised to do. AT: "I have become very weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The treacherous have dealt treacherously; yes, the treacherous have dealt very treacherously + +Isaiah repeats this phrase to emphasize his anguish. AT: "Indeed, those who deceive are now deceiving others" or "Indeed, the deceivers have acted deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/17.md b/isa/24/17.md index 23f1aaedba..55a00aa31e 100644 --- a/isa/24/17.md +++ b/isa/24/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Terror, the pit, and the snare are upon you, inhabitants of the earth -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +"You people of the earth will experience terror, the pit, and the snare" -## translationNotes +# the pit, and the snare ... caught in the snare -* ** the sound of terror** - "the terrifying sound" -* **will be caught in the snare** - AT: "the snare will catch him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the foundations of the earth will shake** - The word "foundation" normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and and hold the earth in place. Isaiah says even the structure that holds the earth will shake. AT: "and the earth will shake terribly" or "and there will be a terrible earthquake." +Here "pit" and "snare" represent all the different bad things that will happen to people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the sound of terror + +"the terrifying sound" + +# will be caught in the snare + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the snare will catch him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The windows of the heavens will be opened + +This speaks of large amounts of rain falling from the sky as if Yahweh opened a window in the sky and let the water pour through. AT: "The sky will split open and torrents of rain will fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the foundations of the earth will shake + +The word "foundation" normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and hold the earth in place. Isaiah says even the structure that holds the earth will shake. AT: "the earth will shake terribly" or "there will be a terrible earthquake" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/19.md b/isa/24/19.md index a59e083465..3e947599b7 100644 --- a/isa/24/19.md +++ b/isa/24/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The earth will be completely broken, the earth ripped apart; the earth will be violently shaken -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +These passive clauses can be stated in active form. AT: "The earth will break and split apart; the earth will shake violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The earth will stagger like a drunken man and it will sway back and forth like a hut -* **The transgression of it will be heavy on it, and it will fall and not rise again** - The word "it" in the phrase "transgression of it" refers to the earth, but it means the people of the earth. AT: "The sins of the people are many and they will cause the earth to fall and not rise again" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These similes emphasize how the earth will shake back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Its sin will be heavy on it and it will fall and never rise again + +This speaks of the earth as if it were a person and transgressions were a heavy object. The person tries to carry the heavy weight but the weight causes the person to fall and not be able to stand back up. Here the earth represents the people of the earth who cause Yahweh to destroy the earth because of their sins. AT: "The sins of the people are many and so Yahweh will destroy the earth, and the earth will be like a person who falls and cannot get back up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/21.md b/isa/24/21.md index 4fd66da4ba..2f811d9694 100644 --- a/isa/24/21.md +++ b/isa/24/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# On that day -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"At that time" -## translationNotes +# the host of the heaven -* **It will come about on that day** - Important event marker. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **the host of the high ones ** - AT: "evil spiritual beings" or "angels who rebelled against him" -* **on high** - "in the heavens" or "in the sky" -* **They will be gathered together** - AT: "Yahweh will gather them together" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and will be shut up in a prison** - AT: "and he will put them in a prison" -* **they will be sentenced** - AT: "Yahweh will sentence them" or "Yahweh will punish them" -* **Then the moon will be ashamed, and the sun disgraced** - The sun and the moon are described as a person who is ashamed of being in front of someone with greater power. In the presence of Yahweh, the light of the moon and sun will seem less bright. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +A host is an army. Here "the host of the heaven" refers to the many powerful spirits in the heavens. It can be stated clearly that they are evil. AT: "the powerful beings" or "the evil spiritual beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the heavens + +"in the sky" + +# They will be gathered together, prisoners in a pit, and will be shut up in a prison + +Here "pit" refers to a dark room or hole in a prison. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will gather them together as his prisoners and lock them in the dungeon of a prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will be punished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then the moon will be ashamed, and the sun disgraced + +The sun and the moon are described as a person who is ashamed of being in front of someone with greater power. In the presence of Yahweh, the light of the moon and sun will seem less bright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/intro.md b/isa/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0ed5720840 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Isaiah 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +While it appears that this chapter is a continuation of the prophecy from the previous chapter, it actually looks at the whole of the Assyrian conquest as Yahweh's punishment on the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant ##### +The mention of an "everlasting covenant" in this chapter is probably not to a specific covenant with Abraham or Moses. Instead, it is an expectation that mankind would obey Yahweh. Some consider this to be a covenant Yahweh made with Adam. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Reign of Yahweh ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/01.md b/isa/25/01.md index c8dfa7a51a..39ab40b45f 100644 --- a/isa/25/01.md +++ b/isa/25/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# praise your name -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# things planned long ago -* **the city** - This is not referring to a certain city. Isaiah means it as any place where arrogant people live. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "things you planned long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in perfect faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "because you are perfectly faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the city + +This is not referring to a certain city. It means cities in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# a fortress of strangers + +"a fortress belonging to foreigners" + +# a city of ruthless nations + +Here "city" and "nations" represent the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/04.md b/isa/25/04.md index d46485cb1b..0f48c55e5d 100644 --- a/isa/25/04.md +++ b/isa/25/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# you have been a place of safety ... a shelter ... a shelter from the storm ... a shade from the heat -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +Yahweh protecting his people is spoken of as if he were a place that the people could go to be safe and comforted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# When the breath of the ruthless was like a storm against a wall -* **your are a protection...a guardian...a refuge...a shade** - Yahweh is compared to a place that the people can go to find safety and comfort. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **when the blast of the ruthless is like a storm...the ruthless ones will be put down** - Those who try to harm the poor and needy will fail. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the song of the ruthless ones will be put down** - AT: "You will stop the song of the ruthless ones" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Ruthless people oppressing the people of God is spoken of as if they were a storm beating against a wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# When the breath + +"When the wind" or "When the blast" + +# the ruthless + +This is a nominal adjective. AT: "ruthless people" or "those who are ruthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# like heat in a dry land + +This compares the enemies of God's people to the heat that dries up the land. This emphasizes how much the enemies cause the people of God to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as the heat is subdued ... ruthless ones is answered + +Yahweh stopping ruthless people from singing and boasting is compared to a cloud providing shade on a hot day. This emphasizes that Yahweh comforts his people by stopping those who cause them to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as the heat is subdued by the shade of a cloud + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just like when a cloud passes overhead and subdues the heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the song of the ruthless ones is answered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will stop the ruthless people from singing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/06.md b/isa/25/06.md index 971da3aab9..bc88012fdd 100644 --- a/isa/25/06.md +++ b/isa/25/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# On this mountain -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This refers to Jerusalem or Mount Zion. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **a feast on the lees** - "the oldest wine." This means the best wine. -* **the covering over all peoples, the web woven over all the nations** - Isaiah compares death, suffering, and sadness to a dark cloud or web that covers everyone on the earth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# a feast of fat things + +Here "fat things" means the best food. + +# a feast on the lees + +"the oldest wine." This means the best wine. + +# the covering over all peoples, the web woven over all the nations + +Death, suffering, and sadness are spoken of as if they were a dark cloud or web that covers everyone on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will swallow up death forever + +Yahweh causing people to live forever is spoken of as if he would swallow death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the disgrace of his people he will take away from all the earth + +Yahweh causing the people to never be ashamed again is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that Yahweh would take away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/09.md b/isa/25/09.md index 6ee0eb3541..40df75d510 100644 --- a/isa/25/09.md +++ b/isa/25/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It will be said -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# on that day -* **It will be said** - AT: "People will say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for on this mountain the hand of Yahweh will rest** - AT: "The power of Yahweh will be on this mountain" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"at that time" + +# For on this mountain the hand of Yahweh will rest + +The "hand" represents God's power. For Yahweh's hand to rest on "this mountain" means he will protect his people AT: "The power of Yahweh will be on this mountain" or "For on Mount Zion Yahweh will protect his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Moab will be trampled down in his place, even as straw is trampled down in a pit filled with manure + +Yahweh destroying the people of Moab is spoken of as if he would step on them and crush them. This is compared to how people trampled on straw to mix it with manure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Moab will be trampled down in his place + +Here Moab represents the people of Moab. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will trample the people in the land of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/11.md b/isa/25/11.md index 727dd50d6f..055eb84f4d 100644 --- a/isa/25/11.md +++ b/isa/25/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They will spread their hands ... his hands to swim -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This simile emphasizes how badly Yahweh will humiliate the people of Moab. They will spread their hands in dung like a swimmer spreads his hands in water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# They will spread their hands in the midst of it -* **They will spread their hands in the midst of it** - "The people of Moab will push their hands through the dung" +"The people of Moab will push their hands through the dung" + +# as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim + +"as if they were swimming" + +# will bring down their pride + +Yahweh humiliating a proud person is spoken of as if pride were something high and Yahweh would cause it to be low. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in spite of the skill of their hands + +Here "hands" represents the power to do or make something. AT: "in spite of the great things they have built" or "in spite of the great things they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your high fortress walls he will bring down to the ground, to the dust + +This speaks of Yahweh causing armies to bring down the walls as if he himself were going to bring them down. AT: "He will send an army to bring your high fortress walls to the ground, to the dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your high fortress + +Here "Your" refers to the people of Moab. It can be stated in third person to be consistent with the previous verse. AT: "Their high fortress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/intro.md b/isa/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0d095ec72e --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter shifts from being a prophecy against the nations to the personal praises of Isaiah. He praises Yahweh for the deliverance of his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Reign of the Messiah ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/01.md b/isa/26/01.md index 145acce20e..7238b27924 100644 --- a/isa/26/01.md +++ b/isa/26/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# In that day -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +"At that time" -## translationNotes +# this song will be sung in the land of Judah -* **We have a strong city** - This is referring to the city of Jerusalem. -* **God has made salvation its walls and ramparts** - AT: "God's power to save is like a wall around it" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people in the land of Judah will sing this song" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We have a strong city + +This refers to the city of Jerusalem. + +# God has made salvation its walls and ramparts + +God's power to protect and save his people is spoken of as if his salvation were walls around a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous nation that keeps faith + +Here "nation" represents the people. AT: "the righteous and faithful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/03.md b/isa/26/03.md index 8b21077df0..9bd246f257 100644 --- a/isa/26/03.md +++ b/isa/26/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The mind that is stayed on you -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Here "mind" represents a person's thoughts. Also "you" refers to Yahweh. The phrase "stayed on you" is an idiom. AT: "The person who continually thinks about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Yah, Yahweh -* **the mind that is stayed on you** - "You" refers to Yahweh. AT: "those whose thoughts are continually on you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yah, Yahweh** - Yah is another name for Yahweh. +Yah is another name for Yahweh. + +# Yahweh, is an everlasting rock + +Yahweh having the power to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a tall rock where people could go to escape from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/05.md b/isa/26/05.md index e1438ade75..c3cff86737 100644 --- a/isa/26/05.md +++ b/isa/26/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he will bring down those who live proudly -* [[en:tw:proud]] +Yahweh humiliating those who are proud is spoken of as if proud people were up high and he would cause them to come down low. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the fortified city -* **It will be trampled down by the feet** - AT: The feet of the poor will trample..." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This means fortified cities in general not a specific city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# he will lay low ... he will level + +Yahweh causing an army to destroy fortified cities is spoken of as if Yahweh would do it himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It will be trampled down by the feet of the poor and the treading of the needy + +Both statements mean the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The poor and oppressed people will trample on the ruins of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/07.md b/isa/26/07.md index 1d138c1ebe..9aec24fc07 100644 --- a/isa/26/07.md +++ b/isa/26/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The path of the righteous is level ... the path of the righteous you make straight -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. People obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking on his path. Yahweh ensuring the people that what they do is right is spoken of as if he were making the path level and straight for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in the path of your judgments, Yahweh, we wait for you -* **The path of the righteous is level...the path of the righteous you make straight** - Here, obeying God is compared to walking a path. For God to make the path straight emphasizes that God always leads them in truth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in the way of your judgments, Yahweh, we wait for you** - AT: "We wait for you, O Yahweh, as we stay on the path you have judged to be right." Here "we" refers to Isaiah and all righteous people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **your name and your memory are the desire of our soul** - AT: "Your reputation is our only desire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Doing what Yahweh judged to be right is spoken of walking on his path. AT: "we wait for you, Yahweh, as we continue to do what you judged to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of your judgments + +"of your laws" or "of your teachings" + +# we wait + +Here "we" refers to Isaiah and all righteous people who are speaking to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# your name and your reputation are our desire + +Here "name" and "reputation" represent Yahweh's character which represents Yahweh himself. AT: "our only desire is to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my spirit within me seeks you earnestly + +Wanting to know Yahweh and his laws better is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. AT: "I earnestly want to know you better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my spirit within me seeks you earnestly + +Here "spirit" represents the speaker as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/10.md b/isa/26/10.md index 767e04ad00..8482e673d2 100644 --- a/isa/26/10.md +++ b/isa/26/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Let favor be shown to the wicked one, but he will not learn righteousness -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Even if Yahweh is kind to wicked people, they still do not learn to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the wicked one -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This means wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# In the land of uprightness + +Here "land" represents the people who live there. AT: "In the land where the people do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# does not see the majesty of Yahweh + +Here "see" represents realizing something. AT: "does not realize that Yahweh is great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/11.md b/isa/26/11.md index 8d58425509..e25335e36b 100644 --- a/isa/26/11.md +++ b/isa/26/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# your hand is lifted up -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +Yahweh preparing to punish wicked people is spoken of as if his hand were raised and about to hit the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# but they do not notice -* **but they do not notice** - AT: "but the wicked people do not notice" -* **But they will see your zeal for the people and be put to shame** - AT: "But when they see your eagerness to bless your people, the wicked people will be ashamed" -* **fire of your adversaries will devour them** - AT: "your fire will devour them" -* **for us** - Here "us" refers to Isaiah and includes all the righteous people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +"but the wicked people do not notice" + +# they will see your zeal for the people + +Here "see" represents realizing something. AT: "they will realize that you are eager to bless your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fire of your adversaries will devour them + +Yahweh punishing and completely destroying his adversaries is spoken of as if he would send a fire that will completely burn them up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fire of your adversaries + +Here "of" does not mean the fire belongs to the adversaries but that the fire is intended to be used against the adversaries. AT: "your fire will completely burn them up" + +# for us + +Here "us" refers to Isaiah and includes all the righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/13.md b/isa/26/13.md index 0959c38b05..2ea74fa6ab 100644 --- a/isa/26/13.md +++ b/isa/26/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# but we praise your name alone -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "name" represents the person of God. AT: "but we praise you alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# they will not arise -* **our God** - Here "our" refers to Isaiah and includes all the righteous people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **but we praise your name alone** - AT: "but we praise you alone" or "but we praise your reputation alone" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"they will not come back to life" + +# made every memory of them to perish + +Yahweh causing people to no longer remember those he destroyed is spoken of as if Yahweh made their memory perish or die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/15.md b/isa/26/15.md index 8653578bc2..530f87a415 100644 --- a/isa/26/15.md +++ b/isa/26/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# You have increased the nation, Yahweh, you have increased the nation -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **you have increased the nation** - This clause is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This clause is repeated for emphasis. Here "nation" represents the people. AT: "You have greatly increased the number of people in our nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/16.md b/isa/26/16.md index f50307a9bd..3c72384a8d 100644 --- a/isa/26/16.md +++ b/isa/26/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they looked to you -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. This would include Isaiah. AT: "we looked to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# looked to you -* **so we** - This refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **Like when a pregnant woman** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This idiom means they asked Yahweh for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when your discipline was on them + +The abstract noun "discipline" can be stated as a verb. AT: "when you disciplined them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# As a pregnant woman ... cries out in her labor pains + +This compares the people to a woman giving birth. This emphasizes their suffering and crying when Yahweh disciplined them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/18.md b/isa/26/18.md index f85515f111..a660f74318 100644 --- a/isa/26/18.md +++ b/isa/26/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Isaiah continues to compare the suffering of the people of Judah to a woman giving birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# but it is as if we have only given birth to wind -* 17]]) -* **but it is as if we have brought forth only wind** - AT: "but it is as if we gave birth to nothing" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **We have not brought salvation to the earth** - AT: "We have not saved the earth" -* **and the inhabitants of the world do not fall** - AT: "nor have we caused the world to fall" +"but it is as if we have only given birth to air" or "it is like we gave birth to nothing." This is a simile that emphasizes that the people's suffering resulted in nothing. AT: "but nothing good resulted from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# We have not brought salvation to the earth, and the inhabitants of the world have not fallen + +Here "earth" represents the people who live on the earth. The meaning is unclear, but it seems to mean that the people of Israel have not been able to save themselves or other people by defeating their enemy in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# We have not brought salvation to the earth + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "salvation" is expressed as the verb "save." AT: "We have not saved the inhabitants of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# and the inhabitants of the world have not fallen + +"nor have we caused the wicked people of the world to fall in battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/19.md b/isa/26/19.md index f155cdd646..4635450e4c 100644 --- a/isa/26/19.md +++ b/isa/26/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Your dead will live -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This can be reworded so that the nominal adjective "dead" is expressed as the verb "have died." AT: "Your people who have died will live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# Your dead -* **Your dead will live** - AT: "Your people who have died will live again." Here "your" refers to Yahweh. -* **our dead bodies** - Here "our" refers to Isaiah and all the righteous people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **for your dew is the dew of herbs** - Yahweh's grace will fall on the people like Spring dew that revives plants after the "death" of winter. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and the earth will drop the dead, its prey** - AT: "and the earth will release the dead to live again" +Possible meanings are 1) "Your" refers to Yahweh or 2) "Your" refers to the people of Israel. If you choose option two you could translate it as "Our dead." + +# Awake + +This speaks of dead people coming back to life as if they were waking up from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you who live in the dust + +This is a polite way of referring to those who have died. AT: "those who are dead and buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# for your dew is the dew of light + +Yahweh acting kindly towards his people and bringing them back to life is spoken of as if it were the dew that causes the plants to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for your dew + +Possible meanings are 1) "your" refers to Yahweh and this is the dew that Yahweh gives or 2) "your" refers to the people of Israel and this is the dew they receive from Yahweh. + +# dew of light + +Possible meanings are 1) "light" refers to Yahweh's power to make dead people alive again. AT: "dew from Yahweh" or 2) "light" refers to the morning time when dew is on the plants. AT: "dew in the morning" + +# the earth will bring forth its dead + +"the earth will give birth to those who died." Yahweh causing dead people to come back to life is spoken of as if the earth would give birth to those who have died. AT: "and Yahweh will cause those who have died to rise from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/20.md b/isa/26/20.md index c50363b604..9a8084fe2d 100644 --- a/isa/26/20.md +++ b/isa/26/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# my people -* [[en:tw:bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:slain]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "my" refers to Isaiah. Also "people" refers to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# until the indignation has passed by -* **my people** - Here "my" refers to Isaiah. Also "people" refers to the people of Judah. -* **the earth will uncover her bloodshed** - Isaiah describes the earth as a person who will reveal all the murders that have happened. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Translate the abstract noun "indignation" as the adjective "angry." AT: "until Yahweh is no longer angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the earth will uncover her bloodshed, and will no longer conceal her slain + +Yahweh revealing all murders that have happened on the earth so that he can punish the murderers is spoken of as if the earth itself will reveal everyone who has been murdered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/intro.md b/isa/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7e4ca9c41d --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 26, which is a song to be sung during the reign of Jesus. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/01.md b/isa/27/01.md index 46f38f2412..46b9a420f3 100644 --- a/isa/27/01.md +++ b/isa/27/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# On that day -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"At that time" -## translationNotes +# Yahweh with his hard, great and fierce sword will punish -* **Leviathan** - AT: "Leviathan, a symbol for evil." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the monster that is in the sea** - This refers to Leviathan. -* **A vineyard of wine, sing of it** - "Sing about the vineyard of wine." Isaiah compares the people of Israel to a vineyard that has produced fruit. AT: "Sing about the people of Israel as if they were a vineyard of wine." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I, Yahweh, am its protector** - "I, Yahweh, protect the vineyard" -* **night and day** - AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Yahweh having the power to destroy his enemies is spoken of as if he had strong, large sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the monster that is in the sea + +This refers to Leviathan. + +# A vineyard of wine, sing of it + +"Sing about the vineyard of wine." This speaks about the people of Israel as if they were a vineyard that produced fruit. AT: "Sing about the people of Israel as if they were a vineyard that produced grapes for wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I, Yahweh, am its protector + +"I, Yahweh, protect the vineyard" + +# night and day + +The words "night" and "day" are combined here to mean "all the time." AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/04.md b/isa/27/04.md index 05fa8768eb..6745c335ed 100644 --- a/isa/27/04.md +++ b/isa/27/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +This continues to speak about the people of Israel as if they were a vineyard (See: [Isaiah 27:2-3](./01.md)). -## translationNotes +# I am not angry, Oh, that there were briers and thorns! In battle I would march against them -* **I am not angry** - The word "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **Oh, that there were briers and thorns** - This continues to compare the people of Israel to a vineyard (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:27:01]]). The enemies of the people of Israel to briers and thorns in the vineyard. AT: "If only there were briers and thorns growing in the vineyard" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **briers and thorns** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:05]]. -* **unless they grasp my protection** - AT: "unless they ask me to protect them" -* **and make peace with me; let them make peace with me** - This phrases are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"I am not angry. If there were briers and thorns I would march against them in battle" + +# I am not angry + +It is understood that Yahweh is not angry with his people any longer. AT: "I am not angry with my people any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# that there were briers and thorns + +The enemies of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were briers and thorns growing in the vineyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# briers and thorns + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 5:6](../05/05.md). + +# In battle I would march against them + +Yahweh fighting his enemies is spoken of as if he were a warrior in an army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I would march against them; I would burn them all together + +Here Isaiah combines different images to speak of Yahweh's enemies. He speaks of them as if they are briers and thorns but also as soldiers in an army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unless they grasp my protection + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "protection" is expressed as the verb "protect." AT: "unless they ask me to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# make peace with me; let them make peace with me + +"they ask to live peacefully with me; I want them to live peacefully with me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/06.md b/isa/27/06.md index 7a33fd498c..ce4d688f7c 100644 --- a/isa/27/06.md +++ b/isa/27/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +Isaiah is speaking. He continues to describe the people of Israel as a vineyard. (See: [Isaiah 27:2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# In the coming day -* Isaiah is speaking. He continues to describe the people of Israel as a vineyard. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:27:01]]) -* **In the coming day** - AT: "In the future" or "In a time that is coming" -* **Jacob will take root; Israel will blossom and bud** - "Jacob" and "Israel" here refer to the descendants of Jacob. In the time when God is no longer angry with them he will bless them and cause them to prosper. AT: "the descendants of Israel will prosper like a vine that has taken root and blossomed." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they will fill the surface of the ground with fruit** - AT: "and they will fill the earth with their fruit" +This speaks about a day as if it travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "In the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jacob will take root; Israel will blossom and bud + +Yahweh blessing the people of Israel and causing them to prosper is spoken of as if they were a vine that grows roots and blossoms. AT: "the descendants of Israel will prosper like a vine that has taken root and blossomed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jacob ... Israel + +Here "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms that represent the descendants of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will fill the surface of the ground with fruit + +Yahweh causing the people of Israel to prosper greatly so that they can help other people is spoken of as if they were a vine that grows so much fruit that it would cover the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/07.md b/isa/27/07.md index 309d9fec8a..fc2d89b142 100644 --- a/isa/27/07.md +++ b/isa/27/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Has Yahweh attacked Jacob and Israel as he attacked those nations who attacked them? -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The question is used to contrast the severity of God's punishment. AT: "Yahweh has certainly punished the enemy nations more severely than he punished the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Jacob ... Israel -* **Has Yahweh struck Jacob and Israel as he struck those nations who struck them** - AT: "Yahweh has certainly punished the enemy nations more severely than he punished the people of Israel" (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **or have Jacob and Israel been killed as the slaughter of those nations that were killed by them?** - AT: "and he has not killed the people of Israel like he killed the enemies from other nations." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **In exact measure you have contended** - AT: "But you did punish them as much as was needed" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **sending Jacob and Israel away** - AT: "sending the people of Israel away" (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he drove them away with his severe wind, on the day of the east wind ** - AT: "The power of Yahweh drove them out like a severe wind from the east." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These represent the descendants of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Have Jacob and Israel been killed as in the slaughter of those nations that were killed by them? + +This question too is used to contrast the severity of God's punishment. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has not killed the people of Israel like they killed their enemies from other nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# In exact measure you have contended + +Here "you" refers to God. Yahweh punishing his people as much as they needed is spoken of as if God's punishment were something that could be measured. AT: "But you did punish them as much as was needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sending Jacob and Israel away + +This represents the descendants of Jacob. AT: "sending the Israelites away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he drove them away with his fierce breath in the day of the east wind + +Yahweh's power to send his people away to a foreign country is spoken of as if Yahweh used his breath to blow them to a foreign country. AT: "the power of Yahweh drove them out like a fierce wind from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/09.md b/isa/27/09.md index c214f275b4..1792a403c8 100644 --- a/isa/27/09.md +++ b/isa/27/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So in this way -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Possible meanings are 1) "this" refers to Yahweh sending the people into exile as Isaiah mentioned in the previous verse or 2) "this" refers to the actions that Isaiah will mention in the next part of verse 9. -## translationNotes +# the iniquity of Jacob will be atoned for -* **So in this way** - AT: "By sending them away into exile" -* **the iniquity of Jacob will be atoned for** - AT: "Yahweh will atone for the sins of the people of Israel" or "Yahweh will provide a payment for the sins of the people of Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for this will be the full fruit of turning away from his sin** - AT: "for this is what will happen when Yahweh removes their sin" -* **He will make all the the altar stones as chalk and pulverized, and no Asherah poles or incense altars will remain standing** - AT: "They will completely destroy all the altars to false gods and remove all the Asherah idols." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will purge the sin from the Israelites" or "Yahweh will forgive the sins of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# iniquity of Jacob ... removal of his sin + +Here "Jacob" represents the descendants of Jacob. AT: "iniquity of the Israelites ... removal of their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for this will be + +Here "this" refers to the actions that Isaiah will describe in the next part of verse 9. + +# the full fruit + +This speaks of the results of an action as if it were the fruit that grows as on a tree or vine. AT: "the result" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will make all the altar stones as chalk and crushed to pieces, and no Asherah poles or incense altars will remain standing + +Here "he" refers to Jacob who represents his descendants. AT: "They will completely destroy all the altars on which they sacrifice to false gods, and they will remove all the Asherah idols and the altars on which they burn incense to false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/10.md b/isa/27/10.md index e96649c9d3..8072a7cab3 100644 --- a/isa/27/10.md +++ b/isa/27/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# For the fortified city is ... consumes its branches -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Here Isaiah describes an event that will happen in the future as if it already happened. This emphasizes that it certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# For the fortified city is desolate, the habitation is deserted and forsaken like the wilderness -* **For the fortified city is desolate, the habitation is deserted and forsaken like the wilderness** - AT: "The cities that were strong and had many people living in them will become empty like a wilderness." -* **When the boughs are withered, they will be broken off. Women will come and make fires with them** - AT: "When the branches wither, women will come and break them off and make fires with them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **this is not a people of understanding** - AT: "this is not a people who understands Yahweh or his law." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Therefore their Maker will not have compassion on them, and he who made them will not be merciful to them** - "Because they do not understand, Yahweh, the one who made them, will not show mercy to them." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The cities that were strong and had many people living in them will become empty like a desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fortified city ... the habitation + +This does not refer to a specific city or habitation but to cities and habitations in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# a calf feeds, and there he lies down and consumes + +Here "calf" represents calves or cattle in general. AT: "calves feed, and there they lie down and consume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# When the boughs ... not a people of understanding + +The people becoming so weak because they disobey Yahweh so that enemies can easily destroy them is spoken of as if they are dry branches that women break off of a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# When the boughs are withered, they will be broken off. Women will come and make fires with them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When the branches wither, women will come and break them off and make fires with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is not a people of understanding + +This can be made more explicit. AT: "this is not a people who understands Yahweh or his law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a people + +Possible meanings are 1) "people" refers to the people of Israel or 2) "people" refers the people of foreign nations who oppress the people of Israel. + +# Therefore their Maker will not have compassion on them, and he who made them will not be merciful to them + +Both clauses mean the same thing. AT: "Because they do not understand, Yahweh, the one who made them, will not be merciful to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/12.md b/isa/27/12.md index 6bc1b84fac..60b76efc4c 100644 --- a/isa/27/12.md +++ b/isa/27/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# It will come about -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase marks an important event that will happen. -## translationNotes +# on that day -* **It will come about** - This phrase marks an important event that will happen. -* **Yahweh will thresh** - AT: "Yahweh, like a farmer separating the grain from the plant, will separate you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **from flowing stream of the Euphrates River, to the Brook of Egypt** - AT: "from the Euphrates River in the east to the Brook of Egypt in the west." -* **you will be gathered one by one** - AT: "Yahweh will gather you one by one" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a great trumpet will be blown** - AT: "Yahweh will order someone to blow the great trumpet" or "An angel will blow the great trumpet" -* **the perishing ones in the land of Assyria will come, and the outcasts in the land of Egypt** - AT: "those who are in exile and dying in the land of Assyria and the land of Egypt will come" -* **holy mountain** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:11:08]]. +"at that time" + +# Yahweh will thresh + +Yahweh gathering his people to bring them back from the foreign nations to the land of Israel is spoken of as if he were threshing wheat to separate the grain from the chaff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the Euphrates River to the Wadi of Egypt + +Isaiah mentions the Euphrates River and the Wadi of Egypt to mean that Yahweh will bring back the people of Israel who were exiled in lands near those waters, that is, Assyria and Egypt. The Euphrates River is northeast of Israel, and the Wadi of Egypt is southwest of Israel. + +# the Wadi of Egypt + +"the brook of Egypt" + +# you ... will be gathered together one by one + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will gather you together one by one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a great trumpet will be blown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will blow a trumpet loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the perishing ones in the land of Assyria will come, and the outcasts in the land of Egypt + +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "those who are in exile and dying in the land of Assyria and the land of Egypt will return to the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# holy mountain + +The "holy mountain" is Mount Zion, in Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/intro.md b/isa/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f51c8f427 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 27, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Leviathan ##### +This was an ancient type of dragon or serpent. It is possible that this is a reference to Satan, who is also described as a serpent and a dragon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/01.md b/isa/28/01.md index 68e107231c..967e05305c 100644 --- a/isa/28/01.md +++ b/isa/28/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Woe to the proud garland ... on the head of the lush Valley of those who are overcome with wine -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +A "garland" is a crown made of flowers. Here it represents the city of Samaria, the capital of Israel, which sits above a fertile valley. Samaria and its people being destroyed is spoken of as if the flowers in the garland will grow old and stop being beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **Woe to the proud garland of the drunkards of Ephraim** - The "garland" was a crown of flowers that people would give to victors and wear to parties. AT: "Terrible things will happen to the proud people of Ephraim who wear garlands on their heads and get drunk at parties." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and to the fading flower of his glorious beauty** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **that is on the head of the lush valley of those who are overcome with wine** - AT: "and to the people of Samaria who are drunk on wine and who are like a fading flower at the top of the lush valley." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Behold** - AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention" -* **the Lord has a mighty and strong one; as a hailstorm…overwhelming** - A "hailstorm" is when hard pieces of ice fall from the sky. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He will strike the earth with his hand** - The word "he" may refer to king of the enemy army. The "hand" refers to the power of his army. AT: "His powerful army will throw them down to the ground" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# who are overcome with wine + +"who are drunk with wine" + +# the Lord sends one who is mighty and strong + +Here "one" refers to a mighty king who also represents his powerful army. AT: "the Lord sends a king with his powerful army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# storm of hail + +A "storm of hail" or hailstorm happens when hard pieces of ice fall from the sky. Here it is a simile that refers to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he will throw each garland crown down to the ground + +The king and his powerful army destroying the people of Samaria and their city is spoken of as if the king will throw the people's garlands onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/03.md b/isa/28/03.md index ad691bcb28..33cc9a89c3 100644 --- a/isa/28/03.md +++ b/isa/28/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +Isaiah continues to speak about the people and the city of Samaria as if they were a garland. (See: [Isaiah 28:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# The proud garland of the drunkards of Ephraim will be trodden underfoot -* 2]]) -* **The proud garland of the drunkards of Ephraim will be trodden underfoot** - AT: "Like stepping on a flower the enemy army will crush the proud drunkards of Ephraim" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The fading flower of his glorious beauty, that is on the head of the rich valley** - This refers to the city of Samaria. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will be as the first ripe fig...gulps it down** - This emphasizes that when the enemies of Israel see all the beauty of Samaria they will quickly plunder it and take away all its good things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy army will crush the proud drunkards of Samaria as if they were crushing flowers under their feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# proud garland ... of Ephraim ... that is on the head of the rich valley + +A "garland" is a crown made of flowers. Here it represents the city of Samaria, the capital of Israel, which sits above a fertile valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be as the first ripe fig ... gulps it down + +This speaks of the enemy soldiers seeing the beauty of Samaria and quickly plundering it as if they were a person who sees the first fig of the season and quickly eats it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/05.md b/isa/28/05.md index 0e90816590..433bb9f119 100644 --- a/isa/28/05.md +++ b/isa/28/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## translationNotes +# will become a beautiful crown and a diadem of beauty -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **will become a beautiful crown and a diadem of beauty** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a spirit of justice for him who sits in judgment** - AT: "Yahweh will cause the judges to be just" -* **sits in judgment** - AT: "has the authority to judge" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and strength for those who turn back their enemies at their gates** - AT: "and Yahweh will cause the soldiers of the city to be strong." +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were to become a beautiful crown that the people who honor him as their true king would wear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a beautiful crown and a diadem of beauty + +These mean the same thing. AT: "a beautiful crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# people, a spirit of justice for him who sits in judgment, and strength for those who + +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "justice" and "strength" are expressed as adjectives. AT: "people. Yahweh will cause the judges to be just and will cause to be strong those who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a spirit of justice + +A person who has a "spirit of justice" is someone who has the characteristic of justice and is a just person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sits in judgment + +This idiom means the person has the authority to judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# strength for those who turn back their enemies at their gates + +Here "to turn back" is an idiom that means to defeat in battle. AT: "Yahweh will cause the soldiers to be strong so that they defeat their enemies when the enemies attack their city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/07.md b/isa/28/07.md index cbb86d970c..674f43f082 100644 --- a/isa/28/07.md +++ b/isa/28/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But even these -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +"But even the leaders" -## translationNotes +# The priest and the prophet -* **But even these** - "But even the priests and prophets" -* **reel...stagger** - AT: "stumble," "stagger," or "walk unsteadily." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **they are swallowed up by wine** - AT: "They think they are swallowing the wine but it is like the wine is swallowing them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **staggering in vision and reeling in decision** - (See: UDB) +This does not mean a specific priest or prophet. It refers to priests and prophets in general. AT: "The priests and the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# reel with wine, and stagger with strong drink + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the priests and the prophets cannot do their job because they are very drunk. AT: "stumble around because they are drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# they are swallowed up by wine + +Their drinking so much that they can no longer think properly is spoken of as if the wine swallowed them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the wine is causing them to be confused" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# staggering in vision and reeling in decision + +Just like they are too drunk to walk correctly, they are too drunk to understand the visions God gives them or to make good decisions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/09.md b/isa/28/09.md index ae844e5977..183f80652b 100644 --- a/isa/28/09.md +++ b/isa/28/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# To whom will he teach knowledge, and to whom will he explain the message? -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +The drunk prophets and priests use a question to criticize Isaiah, who is trying to correct them. AT: "The drunk prophets and priests say, 'Isaiah should not be trying to teach us about Yahweh's message!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# To those who are weaned from milk or to those just taken from the breasts? -* **To whom will he teach knowledge, and to whom will he explain the message?** - The drunk prophets and priests use a question to criticize Yahweh and the prophets who try to correct them. AT: "The drunk prophets and priests say, 'Isaiah should not be trying to teach us about Yahweh's message!'" (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **To those who are weaned from milk or to those just taken from the breasts?** - They use another question for the same reason. AT: "We are not babies!" -* **For it is command upon command, command upon command; rule upon rule, rule upon rule; here a little, there a little** - The people feel that Isaiah is repeating simple commands as if talking to a child. +The drunk prophets and priests use a question to criticize Isaiah, because they feel that he is treating them like babies. AT: "He should not treat us like babies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For it is command upon command, command upon command; rule upon rule, rule upon rule; here a little, there a little + +The drunk prophets and priests criticize Isaiah because they feel that Isaiah is repeating simple commands as if he were talking to a child. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/11.md b/isa/28/11.md index f72ab78407..e87f1efc28 100644 --- a/isa/28/11.md +++ b/isa/28/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to this people -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Here "lips" and "tongue" represent the foreigners who speak a different language than the Israelites do. It is implied that this refers to the Assyrian army that will attack Israel. AT: "Yahweh will speak to this people through enemy soldiers who will speak a foreign language" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# mocking lips -* **with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to this people** - AT: "Yahweh will speak to this people through the enemy army who will mock them and speak a different language" +"stammering lips" + +# This is the rest + +The abstract noun "rest" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "This is the resting place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# give rest to him who is weary + +The abstract noun "rest" can be stated as a verb. AT: "let whoever is tired come and rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is the refreshing + +The abstract noun "refreshing" can be stated as a verb. AT: "this is the place where you can be refreshed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/13.md b/isa/28/13.md index 7241420507..2e9e9991c1 100644 --- a/isa/28/13.md +++ b/isa/28/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So the word of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"So Yahweh's message" -## translationNotes +# command upon command, command upon command; rule upon rule, rule upon rule; here a little, there a little -* **So the word of Yahweh** - AT: "So Yahweh's message" -* **command upon command, command upon command; rule upon rule, rule upon rule; here a little, there a little** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:28:09]]. -* **so that they may go and fall backward, and be broken, ensnared, and captured** - AT: "in order that the army of Assyria will come and defeat them and take them as captives." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These are the words that the drunk priests and prophets used to criticize how Isaiah teaches them. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:10](./09.md). + +# so that they may go and fall backward, and be broken, ensnared, and captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in order that the army of Assyria will come and defeat them and take them as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# go and fall backward, and be broken + +People losing in battle to the enemy army is spoken of as if the people will fall down and break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ensnared + +The enemy soldiers capturing the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were hunters that catch an animal in a snare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/14.md b/isa/28/14.md index 794cf4231e..7c5dcef2cf 100644 --- a/isa/28/14.md +++ b/isa/28/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So listen to the word of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"So listen to Yahweh's message" -## translationNotes +# We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol we have reached an agreement -* **So listen to the word of Yahweh** - AT: "So listen to Yahweh's message." Isaiah now speaks to the leaders of Jerusalem. -* **We have made a covenant with death; with Sheol we have reached an agreement** - Isaiah quotes the leaders who believe nothing bad will happen. They describe death and Sheol as a person that makes a covenant with them. AT: "Nothing bad will ever happen to us in Jerusalem. It is like we made a deal with death itself." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **So when the overflowing judgment passes through, it will not reach us** - AT: "As a result when God judges the people, and the enemy army comes like a flood, it will not harm us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for we have made a lie our refuge, and in falsehood we have hidden** - AT: "for we trust in a lie and it will protect us." +Both of these statements mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) the leaders of Jerusalem have used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So when the overwhelming whip passes through, it will not reach us + +This speaks of Yahweh's judgment and punishment as if it were a whip that would strike the people. And the whip is spoken of as if it were a flood that would pass through Jerusalem. AT: "As a result, when everyone else is suffering and dying, nothing will harm us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For we have made a lie our refuge, and taken shelter in falsehood + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. A "lie" and "falsehood" are spoken of as if they were places where a person could go to hide. The leaders in Jerusalem would not have said they trust in a lie. They believed they were truly safe. But Isaiah knows they are not safe, because they trust in lies. AT: "For lies and falsehoods have become like a place where we can hide from danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a lie our refuge ... taken shelter in falsehood + +Possible meanings are 1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or 2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or 3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/16.md b/isa/28/16.md index fdceb480aa..c58726d07c 100644 --- a/isa/28/16.md +++ b/isa/28/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"Listen to this" -## translationNotes +# I will lay in Zion a foundation stone ... sure foundation -* **See** - AT: "Listen to this" -* **I will lay in Zion a foundation stone** - AT: "I will prepare a sure start for building in Zion" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a tried stone** - AT: "a stone that is proven to be solid" -* **a sure foundation** - AT: "a firm support" -* **He who believes will not be ashamed** - AT: "Anyone who believes in the foundation stone placed by Yahweh will not be sorry." +Yahweh sending a strong person to help the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh is constructing a strong foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a tried stone + +"a stone that is solid" + +# a sure foundation + +"a firm support" + +# He who believes will not be ashamed + +"Anyone who trusts in this foundation stone will not be sorry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/17.md b/isa/28/17.md index ff8842387b..f475d90e90 100644 --- a/isa/28/17.md +++ b/isa/28/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Yahweh continues to compare what he will do for the people in Jerusalem to a builder setting up a building. (See: [Isaiah 28:16](./16.md)) -## translationNotes +# I will make justice the measuring stick, and righteousness the plumbline -* Yahweh continues to compare what he will do for the people in Jerusalem to a builder setting up a building. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:28:16]]) -* **I will make justice the measuring stick** - A builder uses a measuring stick to determine if something is the correct length. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and righteousness the plumbline** - A builder uses a plumbline to determine if something is straight upright and level. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Hail will sweep away the refuge of lies, and floodwaters will overwhelm the hiding place** - See how you translated the similar word "hailstorm" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:28:01]]. AT: "The enemy army will come like a hailstorm and a flood, and they will destroy you and everything you thought would protect you." +Yahweh testing according to his justice and righteousness to determine if the people are just and righteous is spoken of as if he were a builder using tools to determine that something is the correct length and perfectly level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the measuring stick + +A builder uses a measuring stick to determine if something is the correct length. + +# the plumbline + +A builder uses a plumbline to determine if something is straight and level. + +# Hail will sweep away + +Yahweh causing a large amount of hail to fall is spoken of as if it would be an overwhelming flood. AT: "Hailstorms will destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hail ... the floodwaters + +Possible meanings are 1) these are a synecdoche representing anything in general that will cause destruction or 2) these are a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hail + +hard pieces of ice that fall from the sky + +# the refuge of lies ... the hiding place + +This speaks about "lies" as if they were a place a person could go to hide. They represent what the leaders of Jerusalem trusted in to keep them safe from Yahweh's punishment. Possible meanings are 1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or 2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or 3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 28:15](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/18.md b/isa/28/18.md index 2f59cfb5c6..52337aa00d 100644 --- a/isa/28/18.md +++ b/isa/28/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Your covenant with death will be dissolved, and your agreement with Sheol will not stand -* Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem. -* **your covenant with death will be dissolved, and your agreement with Sheol will not stand** - See how you translated similar phrases in [[en:bible:notes:isa:28:14]]. AT: "I will end the deal you think you have with death." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when the raging flood passes through** - AT: "when the enemy army comes like a flood, it will destroy you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cancel the covenant you have with death, and I will cancel the agreement you have with Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# covenant with death ... agreement with Sheol + +Possible meanings are 1) the leaders of Jerusalem had used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:15](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not stand + +"will not last" + +# When the raging flood passes through + +Possible meanings are 1) "flood" is a synecdoche that represents anything in general that will cause destruction or 2) "flood" is a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will be overwhelmed by it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will overwhelm you" or "it will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# morning by morning + +This is an idiom. AT: "every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by day and night + +This means "throughout the entire day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/20.md b/isa/28/20.md index 887c543833..e8740ec4d1 100644 --- a/isa/28/20.md +++ b/isa/28/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# For the bed is too short for a man to stretch out on, and the blanket too narrow for him to wrap himself in -* Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem. -* **For the bed is too short for a man to stretch out on, and the blanket too narrow for him to wrap himself in** - Yahweh is emphasizing that trusting in lies will always cause the people to be disappointed. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yahweh will rise up** - Isaiah is now speaking. -* **Mount Perazim...Valley of Gibeon** - These refer to times when God miraculously defeated enemy armies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **his strange work...his strange deed** - This work is strange because God is using a foreign army to defeat the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This was probably a proverb that the people knew at the time. It means that what they believe will keep them safe from Yahweh's punishment will disappoint them like a bed that is too short or a blanket that is too narrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# Yahweh will rise up + +Yahweh preparing to act is spoken of as if he were sitting and then rising up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Mount Perazim ... Valley of Gibeon + +These refer to places where God miraculously defeated enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he will rouse himself + +"he will become very angry" + +# his strange work ... his strange deed + +These two phrases mean the same thing. This work is strange because God is using a foreign army to defeat the people of Jerusalem rather than helping the people of Jerusalem defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/22.md b/isa/28/22.md index 99446db367..3310ec0fd6 100644 --- a/isa/28/22.md +++ b/isa/28/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# your bonds will be tightened -* **Now therefore** - Isaiah uses these words to emphasize what he is about to say. -* **your bonds will be tightened** - AT: "Yahweh will tighten your bonds" or "Yahweh will punish you even more severely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **a decree of destruction on the earth** - AT: "that he is going to destroy people throughout the land." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh punishing the people even more severely is spoken of as if he would tighten their bonds. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will tighten your bonds" or "Yahweh will punish you even more severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# a decree of destruction on the earth + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "destruction" is expressed as the verb "destroy." AT: "that he is going to destroy people throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/23.md b/isa/28/23.md index 61aa9ef9b9..672acc9f95 100644 --- a/isa/28/23.md +++ b/isa/28/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This begins a parable that ends in 28:29. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Pay attention and listen to my voice; be attentive and listen to my words -* Isaiah continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem. -* **Pay attention and listen to my voice; be attentive and listen to my words** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Does a farmer who plows all day to sow, only plow the ground? Does he continually break up and harrow the field?** - In this parable Isaiah uses questions to make them think deeply. AT: "A farmer does not plow the ground over and over. He does not only continue to work on the soil." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second phrase is used to strengthen the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to my voice + +Here "voice" represents what Isaiah says. AT: "to what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to my words + +"to my message" + +# Does a farmer who plows all day to sow, only plow the ground? Does he continually break up and harrow the field? + +Isaiah uses rhetorical questions to make the people think deeply. AT: "A farmer does not plow the ground over and over and continually work the soil without ever sowing seed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/25.md b/isa/28/25.md index f0b90a1a25..ef8dd521eb 100644 --- a/isa/28/25.md +++ b/isa/28/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Isaiah continues telling a parable to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# When he has prepared the ground -* Isaiah continue telling a parable to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) -* **When he has prepared the ground** - AT: "When the farmer has plowed the soil" -* **does he not scatter caraway seed, sow the cumin, put in the wheat in rows and the barley in the right place, and the spelt at its edges** - Isaiah uses a question to make the people of Jerusalem think deeply. AT: "then he plants each kind of seed in the correct way." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **caraway...cumin...barley...spelt** - These are all names of plants. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **His God instructs him; he teaches him wisely** - AT: "Yahweh helps the farmer know how to care for each kind of plant" +"When the farmer has plowed the soil" + +# does he not scatter caraway seed, sow the cumin, put in the wheat in rows and the barley in the right place, and the spelt at its edges? + +Isaiah uses a question to make the people of Jerusalem think deeply. If your language does not have a word for each of these seeds, they can be stated more generally. AT: "he will certainly plant each kind of seed in the correct way and in the proper places." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# caraway ... cumin + +These are names of plants that are spices. Translators may represent them in general as seeds of spices used to spice food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# wheat ... barley ... spelt + +These are all names of plants that are grains. Translators may represent them in general as seeds of grains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# His God instructs him; he teaches him wisely + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "Yahweh helps the farmer know how to care for each kind of plant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/27.md b/isa/28/27.md index c624d17dd7..94bb411eee 100644 --- a/isa/28/27.md +++ b/isa/28/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] +Isaiah continues telling a parable to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# the caraway seed is not threshed with a sledge -* Isaiah continue telling a parable to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) -* **the cumin is not threshed with a sledge** - See how you translated "cumin" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:28:25]]. AT: "The farmer does not separate the cumin seed from the plant with a heavy club." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **nor is a cartwheel rolled over the cumin** - AT: "nor does he roll a heavy wheel over the cumin seed" -* **but caraway is beaten with a stick, and the cumin with a rod** - See how you translated "caraway" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:28:25]]. Isaiah describe the correct way for a farmer to separate the seed from the plant. AT: "but he beats the caraway with a stick, and he beats the cumin with a rod." -* **Grain is ground for bread but not too finely** - AT: "The farmer grinds the grain for bread but not so that it is too small" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the farmer does not separate the caraway seed from the plant with a heavy club" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# caraway + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:25](./25.md). + +# nor is a cartwheel rolled over the cumin + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor does he roll a heavy wheel over the cumin seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cumin + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:25](./25.md). + +# but caraway is beaten with a stick, and cumin with a rod + +Isaiah describes the correct way for a farmer to separate the seed from the plant. This can be stated in active form. AT: "but he beats the caraway with a stick, and he beats cumin with a rod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Grain is ground for bread but not too finely + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The farmer grinds the grain for bread but not so that it is too small" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/29.md b/isa/28/29.md index ed52565396..1985d29c4a 100644 --- a/isa/28/29.md +++ b/isa/28/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This too comes ... excellent in wisdom -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This concludes the parable started in [Isaiah 28:23](./23.md). The implied lesson of the parable is that farmers are wise enough to listen to Yahweh's instructions about planting and threshing. But the leaders of Jerusalem are foolish for not listening to Yahweh's instructions that he is speaking through Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/intro.md b/isa/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3a15088b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 26, which is an important quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors used to describe Yahweh's punishment as well as the sin of the people of Ephraim. In one such metaphor, they are described as being drunk. Construction and weather metaphors are also used in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/01.md b/isa/29/01.md index fed2a3bd8a..4a7c5aa291 100644 --- a/isa/29/01.md +++ b/isa/29/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Woe to Ariel -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Here "Ariel" represents the people who live in the city of Ariel. AT: "How terrible it will be for the people of Ariel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Ariel -* **Woe to Ariel** - Ariel is another name for Jerusalem. If possible translate this as "Ariel" rather than "Jerusalem" since the meaning of "Ariel" is important in 29:2. AT: "How terrible it will be for the people of Ariel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **David encamped** - "David dwelled" or "David lived" -* **Add year to year; let the festivals come round** - “Year after year you go through your ritual of sacrifices” or "Keep celebrating your festival year after year" -* **But I will** - The word "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **she will be mourning and lamenting** - "she" refers to the people of Ariel. AT: "they will mourn deeply." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **like Ariel** - Translators may add footnote that says "The name Ariel means 'altar.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This is another name for Jerusalem, and it means "altar." If possible translate this as "Ariel" rather than "Jerusalem" since the meaning of "Ariel" is important in 29:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# David encamped + +"David dwelled" or "David lived" + +# Add year to year; let the festivals come round + +"Keep celebrating your festival year after year." This is an ironic statement. Yahweh tells the people to keep celebrating their festivals where they sacrifice to him, but he knows it will not prevent him from destroying them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# But I will besiege + +The word "I" refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh causing an enemy army to besiege Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# she will + +Here "she" refers to Ariel, which represents the people of Ariel. AT: "the people of Ariel will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# mourning and lamenting + +The words "mourning" and "lamenting" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of mourning. AT: "they will mourn deeply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# like Ariel + +Translators may add a footnote that says, "The name Ariel means 'altar.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/03.md b/isa/29/03.md index 1a56ee2ebe..86482a7ded 100644 --- a/isa/29/03.md +++ b/isa/29/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will encamp against you -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The word "I" refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh causing an enemy army to surround Jerusalem. AT: "I will command the army of your enemies to surround you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# palisade ... siege works -* **I will encamp against you** - The word "I" refers to Yahweh. AT: "I will command the army of your enemies to surround you." -* **palisade...siege works** - A "palisade" is a tower armies would build to attack cities with high walls. Also, "siege works" refers to other various weapons armies would build to attack cities. -* **You will be brought down** - AT: "Your enemy will bring you down" or "Your enemy will humble you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and will speak from the ground; your speech will be low from the dust. Your voice will be like a ghost out of the ground, and your speech will be very weak from the dust** - This emphasizes that the people who once spoke with proud words will be weak and grieving after the enemy defeats them. AT: "and you will only be able to speak with weak whispers like a spirit speaking from where dead people dwell." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +A "palisade" is a tower armies would build to attack cities with high walls. Also "siege works" refers to other various weapons armies would build to attack cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# You will be brought down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your enemy will bring you down" or "Your enemy will humble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will speak from the ground; your speech will be low from the dust. Your voice will be like a ghost out of the ground, and your speech will be very weak from the dust + +All of these statements mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people who once spoke with proud words will be weak and grieving after the enemy defeats them. AT: "you will only be able to speak with weak whispers like a spirit speaking from where dead people dwell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/05.md b/isa/29/05.md index 6692ba910b..45dda78c27 100644 --- a/isa/29/05.md +++ b/isa/29/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The horde of your invaders will be like small dust, and the multitude of the ruthless ones as chaff that passes away -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This emphasizes how weak and insignificant the invading army is before God. AT: "Yahweh will easily remove the horde of your invaders and the multitude of the ruthless ones"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# horde of your invaders -* **The horde of your invaders will be like small dust, and the multitude of the ruthless ones as chaff that passes away.** - This emphasizes how weak and insignificant the invading army is before God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **horde of your invaders** - AT: "the many soldiers of the army that is attacking you" -* **the ruthless ones as chaff** - AT: "the soldiers who show you no mercy will be as chaff" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **You will be punished by Yahweh of Hosts** - The word "you" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh of Hosts will punish you" or 2) "Yahweh of Hosts will help you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"many soldiers that will attack you" + +# the ruthless ones as chaff + +The translator can supply the verb "will be." AT: "the soldiers who show you no mercy will be as chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts will come to you + +The word "you" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh of hosts will come to help you" or 2) "Yahweh of hosts will come to punish you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/07.md b/isa/29/07.md index 38524616e3..0e5d76e257 100644 --- a/isa/29/07.md +++ b/isa/29/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It will be like a dream, a vision of the night -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The phrase "a vision of the night" is the same thing as "a dream." The two phrases emphasize that soon it will be like the invading army was never there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# A horde of all the nations -* **It will be like a dream, a vision of the night** - This emphasizes that soon it will be like the invading army was never there. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **A horde of all the nations** - AT: "Large armies from all the nations" -* **fight against Ariel** - See how you translated "Ariel" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:29:01]]. AT: "fight against the city of Ariel." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **her stronghold** - The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. AT: "the city's stronghold" -* **attack her and her fortifications to press upon her** - AT: “attack the city of Ariel and its defenses and cause the city great distress” -* **It will be like when a hungry man dreams he is eating...It will be like when a thirsty man dreams that he is drinking** - The enemy expects victory but nothing comes because God will not allow them to conquer Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Yes, so will be the horde of nations that fights against Mount Zion** - AT: “Yes, this will be what happens to the armies from the nations who fight against the people who live on Mount Zion.” +"Large armies from all the nations" + +# fight against Ariel + +The name "Ariel" is another name for Jerusalem, and it represents the people who live there. See how you translated "Ariel" in [Isaiah 29:1](./01.md). AT: "fight against the people of Ariel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# her stronghold. They will attack her and her fortifications to press upon her + +The word "her" refers to Ariel which represents the people who live there. AT: "their stronghold. They will attack the city of Ariel and its defenses and cause the people to be in great distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It will be like when a hungry man dreams he is eating ... his thirst not quenched + +These similes mean that the enemy will expect victory but they will fail because God will not allow them to conquer Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Yes, so will be the great number of nations that fights against Mount Zion + +Here "Mount Zion" represents the people who live there. AT: "Yes, this will be what happens to the armies from the nations who fight against the people who live on Mount Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/09.md b/isa/29/09.md index 533337f0be..6ed071912d 100644 --- a/isa/29/09.md +++ b/isa/29/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Astonish yourselves and be astonished -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "yourselves" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Why they are astonished can be made explicit. AT: "Be astonished at what I am telling you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# blind yourselves and be blind -* **Astonish yourselves and be astonished** - The word "yourselves" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Why they are astonished can be made explicit: AT: "Be astonished at what I am telling you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **blind yourselves...be drunk** - Isaiah compares the people of Jerusalem to a blind person and a drunk person. This emphasizes they are senseless and do not understand God's plans. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **blind yourselves and be blind** - AT: "keep being ignorant and spiritually blind to what I am showing you" -* **Be drunk, but not with wine; stagger, but not with beer** - AT: "Be senseless like a drunk person, but it is not because you have drank too much wine" -* **For Yahweh has poured out on you the spirit of deep sleep** - AT: "The reason you are senseless is because Yahweh has caused you to be spiritually asleep." -* **He has closed your eyes, the prophets, and has covered your heads, the seers** - AT: "He has made your prophets and seers unable to hear and understand his message" +The people ignoring what Yahweh says is spoken of as if they would make themselves blind. AT: "keep being ignorant and spiritually blind to what I am showing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Be drunk, but not with wine; stagger, but not with beer + +The people being senseless and not understanding what Yahweh is doing is spoken of as if they were drunk. AT: "Be senseless like a drunk person, but it is not because you have drank too much wine or beer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For Yahweh has poured out on you the spirit of deep sleep + +Here "the spirit of" means "to have the characteristic of" being asleep. Yahweh causing the people to be asleep is spoken of as if "the spirit" were a liquid that he poured out on the people. Also "deep sleep" is a metaphor that means the people are senseless and cannot understand what Yahweh is doing. AT: "The reason you are senseless is because Yahweh has caused you to be spiritually asleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has closed your eyes, the prophets, and has covered your heads, the seers + +Yahweh causing the people to be senseless and not to understand what he is doing is spoken of as if he closed their eyes and covered their heads so they could not see. AT: "It is as though Yahweh has closed the eyes of the prophets and covered the heads of the seers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/11.md b/isa/29/11.md index 51c5701d58..29bcd572c3 100644 --- a/isa/29/11.md +++ b/isa/29/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# All revelation has become to you as the words of a book that is sealed -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The other prophets in Jerusalem are unable to hear or understand God's message. AT: "All that Yahweh has revealed is to you like a sealed book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# is sealed, which men might give to one who is learned -* **All revelation has become to you as the words of a book that is sealed** - The other prophets in Jerusalem are unable to hear or understand God's message. AT: "All that Yahweh has revealed is to you like a sealed book." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **which men might give to one who is learned** - AT: "Men take the sealed book to someone who can read." +This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "is sealed. A person may take the sealed book to someone who can read" + +# If the book is given to one who cannot read + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If a person takes the book to someone who cannot read" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/13.md b/isa/29/13.md index af8fb0070b..6f64e75555 100644 --- a/isa/29/13.md +++ b/isa/29/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# This people comes close to me with their mouths and honors me with their lips -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The words "mouths" and "lips" represent what people say. Here it also represents saying something but not truly meaning it. AT: "The people of Jerusalem pretend to worship me and honor me with what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# but their heart is far from me -* **This people draws near to me with their mouth and honor me with their lips but their heart is far from me** - The words "mouth" and "lips" refer to what people say. AT: "The people of Jerusalem honor me with what they say, but they do not honor me in their thoughts." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Their honoring me is a commandment taught by men** - AT: “They honor me only because that is what men tell them to do” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Therefore, see, I will proceed to do a marvelous thing among this people, wonder after wonder** - AT: "Therefore, look and see! I am going to do something among you that you cannot explain" -* **The wisdom of their wise men will perish** - AT: “What the wise men say will no longer be wise” -* **the understanding of their prudent men will disappear** - AT: "the intelligence of the smart men no one will understand." +Here "heart" is a metonym that represents a person's thoughts and emotions. The people not being truly devoted to Yahweh is spoken of as if their hearts were far away from him. AT: "but they do not honor me in their thoughts" or "but they are not truly devoted to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their honor for me is only a commandment of men that has been taught + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They honor me only because that is what people tell them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Therefore, see, I will proceed to do a marvelous thing among this people, wonder after wonder + +"Therefore, look and see! I am going to do wonderful and marvelous things among you that you will not be able to explain" + +# The wisdom of their wise men will perish, and the understanding of their prudent men will disappear + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Yahweh showing that the wise people cannot understand or explain what Yahweh does is spoken of as if their wisdom and understanding will vanish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/15.md b/isa/29/15.md index 09e60fb108..9ce80e9794 100644 --- a/isa/29/15.md +++ b/isa/29/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This may be Isaiah speaking or it may continue Yahweh's speech in 29:13-14. -## translationNotes +# who deeply hide their plans from Yahweh -* 14. -* **who deeply hide their plans** - AT: “who completely hide their plans” -* **deeds are in darkness** - AT: “acts are done in secret” -* **Who sees us, and who knows us?** - AT: "No one, not even Yahweh, sees us or knows what we are doing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +People trying to make plans without Yahweh knowing about it is spoken of as if they hide their plans in a deep place where Yahweh cannot see. AT: "who try to hide their plans from Yahweh" or "who try to keep Yahweh from finding out what they are planning to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whose deeds are in darkness + +It is implied that they are secretly doing evil things. AT: "who do evil things in the dark so no one can see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Who sees us, and who knows us? + +They use a question to emphasize that they believe no one knows what they are doing. AT: "No one, not even Yahweh, sees us or knows what we are doing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/16.md b/isa/29/16.md index 4cf95b11ad..1c98b973eb 100644 --- a/isa/29/16.md +++ b/isa/29/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You turn things upside down +This is an idiom that means to distort what is true. AT: "You make things opposite of the way they should be" or "You distort the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Should the potter be considered like clay, so that the thing that is made should say about him who made it ... "He does not understand"? -* **You turn things upside down** - AT: "You make things opposite of the way they should be" or “You distort the truth” -* **Should the potter be considered like clay** - AT: "No one should think that the potter is the same as the clay." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **so that the thing that is made should say about him who made it, "He didn't make me"** - AT: "The thing that a person made should not say about the person, 'He did not make me.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **or the thing formed say about him who formed it, "He does not understand?"** - AT: "Nor should the thing that a person formed say about the person, 'He does not understand.'" +Yahweh who created humans is spoken of as if he were a potter and humans were the clay. This metaphor emphasizes that it is foolish for humans to reject or criticize the one who created them. AT: "Should you consider me, your maker, to be like the clay rather than the potter? It is as if a potter created something, and that thing said about the potter, 'He did not make me,' or 'He does not understand.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Should the potter be considered like clay ... "He does not understand"? + +This question is used to scold the people of Jerusalem. AT: "Obviously, the potter should not be considered like clay ... 'He does not understand.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/17.md b/isa/29/17.md index d7f6670fb4..c3b3ae9574 100644 --- a/isa/29/17.md +++ b/isa/29/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Lebanon will be turned into a field, and the field will become a forest -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause the places where trees grew wild in Lebanon to become fruitful fields or 2) this is a metaphor and the large forests of Lebanon represent powerful oppressors, and the crops that grow in the field and become a forest are the common people who are suffering. This means Yahweh will humble those who are powerful, but he will honor those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Lebanon will be turned into a field -* **Lebanon will be turned into a field, and the field will become a forest** - AT: "God will turn the mighty trees of Lebanon into a field, and the new trees that grow in the field will become a forest." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the deaf will hear the words of a book, and the eyes of the blind will see out of the deep darkness** - AT: "deaf people will be able to hear a person reading out loud from a book, and blind people will be able to see where there was only darkness before." -* **The oppressed will again rejoice in Yahweh,and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.** - AT: "The oppressed people and the poor people will again be happy because of what Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel, has done." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "Lebanon" represents the large cedar forests in Lebanon. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will turn the mighty forests of Lebanon into a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the deaf will hear the words of a book, and the eyes of the blind will see out of the deep darkness + +Possible meanings are 1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause deaf people to hear and blind people to see or 2) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will enable the people to hear and understand his message or 3) it may mean both options 1 and 2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the eyes of the blind + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "those who are blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The oppressed will again rejoice in Yahweh, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "The poor and oppressed people will again be happy because of what Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel, has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/20.md b/isa/29/20.md index d023a48384..e93426c5e3 100644 --- a/isa/29/20.md +++ b/isa/29/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For the ruthless will cease -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The nominal adjective "the ruthless" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "For the ruthless people will cease" or "For there will no longer be cruel people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# the scoffer will vanish -* **For the ruthless will cease** - AT: "For there will no longer be cruel people" -* **and the scoffer will vanish** - AT: "and the people who mock will disappear" -* **All those who love to do evil will be eliminated** - AT: "Yahweh will remove all those who love to do evil" -* **who by a word make a man out to be an offender** - AT: “who say that an innocent man is guilty of doing something wrong" -* **They lay a snare for him who seeks justice at the gate and put the righteous down with empty lies** - AT: "They lie and try to stop those who want to do what is fair and right." +The nominal adjective "the scoffer" can be stated as a verb. AT: "those who scoff will vanish" or "the people who mock will disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# All those who love to do evil will be eliminated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will eliminate all those who love to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who by a word make a man out to be an offender + +This refers to giving testimony in court against someone. AT: "who testify against a man and make him out to be an offender" or "who say in court that an innocent man is guilty of doing something wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They lay a snare for him who seeks justice at the gate and put the righteous down with empty lies + +The evil people doing anything they can to stop a good person is spoken of as if the evil people set a trap like a hunter catching his prey. AT: "They lie and try to stop those who want to do what is fair and right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who seeks justice at the gate + +The city gate was often the place where the city leaders made official decisions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/22.md b/isa/29/22.md index 56f3d3867a..7b03e1598d 100644 --- a/isa/29/22.md +++ b/isa/29/22.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Jacob -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "house" represents a family. AT: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# who redeemed Abraham -* **Jacob will no longer** - This refers to all the descendants of Jacob. AT: "Jacob's descendants will no longer" or "The people of Israel will no longer" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **nor will his face be pale** - This expression means "nor will they be afraid" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **But when he sees his children in his midst, the work of my hands** - AT: "When they see all the children I have given them and all that I have done" -* **they will honor my name** - AT: "They will honor me" or "They will honor my reputation" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Those who err in spirit** - AT: "Those who are wrong in what they think" or "Those who are wrong in their attitude" -* **will gain understanding** - AT: "will grow to understand God and his laws." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **complainers will learn knowledge** - AT: “those who complain will begin to know God's truth” +This possibly refers to when Yahweh called Abraham from his home country and sent him to the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jacob will no longer ... his face ... he sees his children + +Here "Jacob" represents his descendants. AT: "Jacob's descendants will no longer ... their faces ... they see their children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nor will his face be pale + +This is an idiom that means they will no longer be afraid. AT: "nor will they be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But when he sees his children, the work of my hands + +Here "hands" represents Yahweh's power and action. AT: "When they see all the children I have given them and all that I have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will make my name holy + +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "they will honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will make holy the name of the Holy One of Jacob + +Here "name" represents Yahweh. Yahweh refers to himself as "the Holy One of Jacob." AT: "They will honor me, the Holy One of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# of the God of Israel + +Yahweh refers to himself as "the God of Israel." AT: "of me, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Those who err in spirit + +Here "spirit" represents a person's inner being. AT: "Those who are wrong in what they think" or "Those who are wrong in their attitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will gain understanding + +This can be made more explicit to explain what they will understand. AT: "will begin to understand Yahweh and his laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# complainers will learn knowledge + +This can be made more explicit to explain what knowledge they will learn. AT: "those who complain will begin to know that what Yahweh teaches them is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/intro.md b/isa/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..959abdb340 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Isaiah 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 29, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter begins a series of "woes" against specific nations. It presents judgments against the kingdoms of Ephraim and eventually Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ariel ##### +This is another name for Jerusalem. It is an uncommon name. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecies ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/01.md b/isa/30/01.md index ce48ab6c52..69e610361f 100644 --- a/isa/30/01.md +++ b/isa/30/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the rebellious children -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, King of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:shadow|shadow]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh speaks about his people as if they were his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **the rebellious children** - This refers to the people of Judah. -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. -* **They make plans, but not from me; they make alliances with other nations, but they were not directed by my Spirit** - Both phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. AT: “They make plans and ally with others but I do not approve" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They seek protection from Pharaoh** - AT: "They ask Pharaoh to protect them" -* **take refuge in the shadow of Egypt** - This emphasizes that the people of Judah believed the army of Egypt would keep them safe. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# They make plans, but not from me + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "plans" can be stated as the verb "plan." AT: "They plan to do things, but they do not ask me what I want them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but they were not directed by my Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but my Spirit did not direct them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they add sin to sin + +Continuing to sin is spoken of as if sins were objects that could be stacked on one another. AT: "they continue to sin more and more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They seek protection from Pharaoh + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "protection" is expressed as the verb "protect." AT: "They ask Pharaoh to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# take refuge in the shadow of Egypt + +Egypt's protection from enemy armies is spoken of as if it were a shadow that protects someone from the burning heat of the sun. AT: "they rely on the Egyptians to keep them safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/03.md b/isa/30/03.md index 69425eb31e..7298a379e4 100644 --- a/isa/30/03.md +++ b/isa/30/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Therefore Pharaoh's protection will be your shame, and the refuge in Egypt's shade, your humiliation -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Judah. -* **Therefore Pharaoh's protection will be your shame, and the refuge in Egypt's shade, your humiliation** - These clauses mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. AT: "Therefore you will be ashamed because you relied on Pharaoh to protect you; you will be humiliated because you took refuge in Egypt's shade." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **their...They...them** - These words refer to the people of Judah. -* **Zoan…Hanes** - These were cities in the northern part of Egypt. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **because of a people** - "because of the people of Egypt" +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "protection," "shame," and "humiliation" are expressed as adjectives or verbs. AT: "Therefore you will be ashamed because you relied on Pharaoh to protect you; you will be humiliated because you relied on the Egyptians to keep you safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the refuge in Egypt's shade + +Egypt's protection from enemy armies is spoken of as if it were a shadow that protects someone from the burning heat of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their princes + +Here "princes" mean an official or ambassador, not necessarily sons of the king. + +# their ... They ... them + +These words refer to the people of Judah. + +# Zoan ... Hanes + +These were cities in the northern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# have come to Hanes + +Here "come" can be stated as "gone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# because of a people + +"because of the people of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/06.md b/isa/30/06.md index 489bb5f921..57bbf4e205 100644 --- a/isa/30/06.md +++ b/isa/30/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] +This continues God's declaration concerning the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# A declaration -* This continues God's declaration concerning the people of Judah. -* **they carry their riches** - "the people of Judah carry their riches” -* **I have called her Rahab, who sits still** - There were popular stories about a sea monster named Rahab. The name Rahab means "strength" or "arrogance." AT: “I call Egypt a loud boaster who does nothing." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"This is what Yahweh declares" + +# of the lioness and the lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent + +This refers to these types of animals in general. AT: "where lionesses and lions dwell, and where there are vipers and serpents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# fiery flying serpent + +Here the word "fiery" probably refers to the serpent's poisonous bite and the word "flying" refers to its quick movements. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:29](../14/28.md). + +# they carry their riches + +"the people of Judah carry their riches" + +# I have called her Rahab, who sits still + +There were popular stories about a sea monster named Rahab. The name Rahab means "strength" or "arrogance." AT: "I call Egypt a loud boaster who does nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/08.md b/isa/30/08.md index e71d9789d1..6d61d2d135 100644 --- a/isa/30/08.md +++ b/isa/30/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Isaiah. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Yahweh continues speaking to Isaiah. -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in Yahweh's declaration about Judah. Here he tells Isaiah to do something. -* **in their presence** - "in the presence of the people of Judah" -* **lying children, children who will not hear the instruction of Yahweh.** - This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "They behave like children who lie and do not listen to what Yahweh commands." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in Yahweh's declaration about Judah. Here he tells Isaiah to do something. + +# in their presence + +"in the presence of the people of Judah" + +# for the time to come + +This speaks of time as if it travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "for a future time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lying children, children who will not hear the instruction of Yahweh + +This speaks of Yahweh's people as if they were his children. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "They behave like children who lie and do not listen to what Yahweh commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/10.md b/isa/30/10.md index f86405f52e..a94562e316 100644 --- a/isa/30/10.md +++ b/isa/30/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Turn aside from the way, stray off the path -* Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. -* **the Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. +How Yahweh wants his people to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which to walk. To disobey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person strays away from Yahweh's path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Holy One of Israel + +See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/12.md b/isa/30/12.md index 782b30c28a..74430aabf8 100644 --- a/isa/30/12.md +++ b/isa/30/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Holy One of Israel -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## translationNotes +# you reject this word -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. -* **so this sin will be to you like a broken part...in an instant** - This emphasizes that God will destroy the people of Judah suddenly because of their sin. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like a broken part ready to fall** - "like a broken part of a wall that is ready to fall" -* **whose fall will happen suddenly, in an instant** - "that will suddenly fall, in an instant" +"you reject this message" + +# trust in oppression and deceit and lean on it + +Possible meanings are 1) the leaders of Judah are trusting in the Egyptian leaders who rule by oppressing and deceiving others or 2) the leaders of Judah have oppressed and deceived their own people in order to take their money and send it to the Egyptians leaders as payment for protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lean on it + +Here the word "it" refers to "oppression and deceit." AT: "lean on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# lean on + +This is an idiom that means to trust or rely on something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so this sin will be to you like a broken part ... in an instant + +This simile means that God will destroy the people of Judah suddenly because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a broken part ready to fall + +It is understood that this is a broken part of a wall. AT: "like a broken part of a wall that is ready to fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# whose fall will happen suddenly + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "fall" is expressed as the verb "fall." AT: "that will suddenly fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# suddenly, in an instant + +These mean the same thing and emphasize how quickly the wall will fall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/14.md b/isa/30/14.md index 564281ca18..87ebed7dea 100644 --- a/isa/30/14.md +++ b/isa/30/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Isaiah describes how Yahweh will destroy the people of Judah. (See: [Isaiah 30:12-13](./12.md)) -## translationNotes +# He will break it -* 13]]) -* **He will break it** - "Yahweh will break you" -* **potter** - a person who makes pots and jars out of clay -* **there will not be found** - AT: "no one will be able to find" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fire from the hearth** - The word "fire" here refers here to ashes. AT: "ashes from the fireplace" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "it" refers to the part in the wall that is about to fall. The part in the wall is a metaphor that represents the people of Judah and their sin mentioned in [Isaiah 30:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a potter's vessel is broken + +This simile means that the piece of wall will break as quickly and completely as a clay jar that falls to the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# potter + +A potter is a person who makes pots and jars out of clay. + +# there will not be found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will be able to find" or "there will not be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a shard with which to scrape + +"a shard big enough to scrape" + +# fire from the hearth + +The word "fire" here refers here to ashes. AT: "ashes from the fireplace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/15.md b/isa/30/15.md index 4c8ee2897e..8f57b3dc47 100644 --- a/isa/30/15.md +++ b/isa/30/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Holy One of Israel -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## translationNotes +# In returning and resting you will be saved -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. -* **In returning and resting you will be saved** - AT: "You will be saved if your return and rest" or "I will save you if you will return to me and rest in me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in quietness and in trust will be your strength** - "You will be strong if you are quiet and trust in me." Quietness here refers to not being anxious and worried. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Repenting is spoken of as if it were physically returning to Yahweh. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will save you from your enemies if you will repent and rest knowing that I will take care of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# resting + +It is implied that the people rest because they trust that Yahweh will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in quietness and in trust will be your strength + +Quietness here refers to not being anxious and worried. It is implied that they are not worried because they trust in Yahweh. AT: "You will be strong if you are quiet and trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we will flee on horses + +Apparently these are horses that the people of Judah received from the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/17.md b/isa/30/17.md index 03a0d3c95b..acd1a975ed 100644 --- a/isa/30/17.md +++ b/isa/30/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# One thousand will flee at the threat of one; at the threat of five you will flee -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +The word "solider" is understood. AT: "One thousand soldiers will flee at the threat of one enemy soldier; at the threat of five enemy soldiers all of your soldiers will flee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# One thousand -* **One thousand** - "1,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **until your remnant will be like a flagstaff on the top of a mountain, or like an flag on a hill** - This emphasizes that very few people will remain in Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# until your remnant will be like a flagstaff on the top of a mountain, or like a flag on a hill + +This simile means there will be so few people left that they will be like a single flag on top of a hill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/18.md b/isa/30/18.md index 4f4e0078d4..528582e17f 100644 --- a/isa/30/18.md +++ b/isa/30/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# you will ... to you ... answer you -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -* **he will be exalted, ready** - Possible meanings are 1) “he is great because he is ready” or 2) “he will rise and be ready” +Here "you" refers to the people who will live in Zion. + +# he will answer you + +"he will help you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/20.md b/isa/30/20.md index 1a67c86be3..d013618a22 100644 --- a/isa/30/20.md +++ b/isa/30/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# the bread of adversity and the water of affliction -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -* **the bread of adversity and the water of affliction** - "bread" and "water" is the diet of a very poor person. The whole phrase refers to the hard times and poverty of the people. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Your ears will hear a word behind you** - AT: "You will hear him speaking behind you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "bread" and "water" make up the diet of a very poor person. The whole phrase represents the hard times and poverty of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your teacher + +This refers to Yahweh. + +# you will see your teacher with your own eyes + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "you yourselves will see your teacher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Your ears will hear + +Here "ears" represents the whole person. AT: "You will hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a word behind you saying + +"him speaking behind you saying" + +# This is the way, walk in it + +How Yahweh wants his people to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path. To obey Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a person walking on his path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when you turn to the right or when you turn to the left + +Disobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person turned left or right off of Yahweh's path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/22.md b/isa/30/22.md index ea34b0dd92..6277da335b 100644 --- a/isa/30/22.md +++ b/isa/30/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# You will throw them away like a menstrual rag -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. +This simile means they will throw away their idols like they were garbage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# You will say to them, "Get out of here." + +This speaks of the idols as if they could hear and get up and leave a place. Yahweh means that the people will no longer need or want the idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/23.md b/isa/30/23.md index 1dc6bddb52..2ca73ffb41 100644 --- a/isa/30/23.md +++ b/isa/30/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# He will give -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -* **He will give** - "Yahweh will give" -* **that has been winnowed with a shovel and a fork** - These are tools used to separate the grain from the chaff. AT: "that you have winnowed with a shovel and a pitchfork." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Yahweh will give" + +# bread with abundance from the ground + +Here "bread" represents food in general. AT: "he will cause the ground to produce plenty of food for you to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# In that day + +"At that time" + +# that has been winnowed with a shovel and a fork + +Shovels and forks were used to throw the grain in the air so the wind would blow away the chaff, leaving only the part that could be eaten. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you have winnowed with a shovel and a pitchfork" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/25.md b/isa/30/25.md index 48281eb542..75b459b67e 100644 --- a/isa/30/25.md +++ b/isa/30/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# On every high mountain ... sunlight of seven days -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -* **every high hill ... every high hill** - The similar phrases emphasize that this will happen everywhere. -* **flowing brooks ... streams of water** - The similar phrases emphasize that water will flow abundantly. -* **in the day of the great slaughter when the towers fall** - "when Yahweh slaughters your enemies and causes their strong towers to fall" -* **The light of the moon will be like the light of the sun** - AT: "The moon will become as bright as the sun. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the light of the sun will be seven times brighter, like the sunlight of seven days** - AT: "the sun will shine as bright as seven suns" or "the sun will give as much light in one day as it normally does in seven days" +Isaiah describes what will be an ideal situation after Yahweh rescues his people. Although the language may be exaggerated, you should translate this just as Isaiah described it. + +# in the day of the great slaughter when the towers fall + +"when Yahweh slaughters your enemies and causes their strong towers to fall" + +# in the day + +"at the time" + +# the light of the sun will be seven times brighter, like the sunlight of seven days + +"the sun will shine as bright as seven suns" or "the sun will give as much light in one day as it normally does in seven days" + +# Yahweh will bind up the breaking of his people and heal the bruises of his wounding them + +Yahweh comforting his people and causing their suffering to end is spoken of as if he would put bandages on their wounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/27.md b/isa/30/27.md index 7ab6c463fb..cd73125ba1 100644 --- a/isa/30/27.md +++ b/isa/30/27.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the name of Yahweh ... like a devouring fire -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh being extremely angry is spoken of as if he were a large fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the name of Yahweh comes -* **the name of Yahweh** - The word "name" here refers to his reputation or power. AT: "the reputation of Yahweh" or "the power of Yahweh" or "Yahweh is coming powerfully" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **burning with his anger and in dense smoke** - Yahweh's anger is compared to fire to emphasize its power to destroy. The "dense smoke" comes from the fire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **His lips are full of fury, and his tongue is like a devouring fire** - Isaiah compares Yahweh's anger to fire. AT: "When he speaks his words are full of fury and they destroy like a fire." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **His breath is like an overflowing torrent** - This compares the air coming out of Yahweh's mouth to a flood to emphasize its power to destroy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **to sift the nations with the sieve of destruction** - This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: “Yahweh will separate and destroy the nations" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a bridle** - a device that people put in a horse's mouth in order to guide it +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His lips are full of fury, and his tongue is like a devouring fire + +Here "lips" and "tongue" are metonyms that represent Yahweh speaking. And, Yahweh speaks with so much anger and power that it is spoken of as if his tongue were a fire. AT: "When he speaks his fury is like a fire that destroys everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# His breath is like an overflowing torrent + +This compares the air coming out of Yahweh's mouth to a flood to emphasize its power to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# to sift the nations with the sieve of destruction + +Yahweh separating the people of the nations and destroying the wicked people is spoken of as if Yahweh puts the nations in a sieve. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "Yahweh will separate and destroy the wicked people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His breath is a bridle in the jaws of the peoples to cause them to wander away + +Yahweh having the power to cause people's plans to fail or causing them to be destroyed is spoken of as if his breath were a bridle that steers people off the correct path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a bridle in the jaws of the peoples + +A "bridle" is a device that people put over a horse's head to guide it. The bridle contains a small piece called a "bit" that goes in the horse's mouth. AT: "a bridle on the heads of the peoples" or "a bit in the jaws of the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/29.md b/isa/30/29.md index 6243e56efc..e7d2b5a7b7 100644 --- a/isa/30/29.md +++ b/isa/30/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# You will have a song -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -* **when a holy feast is observed** - AT: "when you observe a holy feast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and gladness of heart** - "and you will be glad" -* **flute** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:11]]. -* **to the Rock of Israel** - This refers to Yahweh and compares him to a rock because he protects his people. AT: "Israel's protective rock" or "who is like a protective rock for Israel." +This can be reworded so the noun "song" is stated as a verb. AT: "You will sing" + +# as in the night when a holy feast is observed + +This simile emphasizes how happy the people will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# when a holy feast is observed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when you observe a holy feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gladness of heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. AT: "you will be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as when one goes ... Rock of Israel + +This simile emphasizes how happy the people will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# to the Rock of Israel + +Yahweh having the power to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a rock on which the people could climb and escape from enemies. AT: "to Israel's protective rock" or "which is like a protective rock for Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/30.md b/isa/30/30.md index dffa7eeb7e..0fde0639c1 100644 --- a/isa/30/30.md +++ b/isa/30/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# show the motion of his arm -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "arm" represents the power of God. It is implied that Yahweh will show his power by destroying his people's enemies. AT: "show that he is powerful by destroying your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# in storming anger and flames of fire -* **show the motion of his arm** - AT: "show his power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in storming anger and flames of fire** - AT: "in anger that is like a storm and flames of fire" or "in great anger" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **with windstorm, rainstorm, and hailstones** - "with storms full of wind, rain, and hail" -* **hailstones** - hard pieces of ice that fall from the sky like rain +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a storm or a fire. AT: "in anger that is like a storm and flames of fire" or "in great anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with windstorm, rainstorm, and hailstones + +"with storms full of wind, rain, and hail" + +# hailstones + +hard pieces of ice that fall from the sky like rain \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/31.md b/isa/30/31.md index dd72fa5835..71a04ac0af 100644 --- a/isa/30/31.md +++ b/isa/30/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For at the voice of Yahweh, Assyria will be shattered -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For when Yahweh speaks he will shatter the soldiers of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Assyria will be shattered -* **For at the voice of Yahweh, Assyria will be shattered** - AT: "For Yahweh will shatter the people of Assyria with his voice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will be accompanied** - AT: "the people of Judah will accompany it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **tambourines and harps** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:11]]. +Isaiah speaks of Assyria's fear as if Assyria is an object that Yahweh's voice shatters. AT: "Assyria will be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Assyria + +Here this represents the soldiers of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Every stroke of the appointed rod that Yahweh will lay on them + +Yahweh causing an army to defeat the Assyrians is spoken of as if Yahweh would hit the Assyrians with a rod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be accompanied + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of Judah will accompany it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tambourines + +This is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:12](../05/11.md). + +# he battles and fights with them + +Yahweh causing the enemy army to defeat the Assyrians is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/33.md b/isa/30/33.md index d86383bc20..cce03c9d0d 100644 --- a/isa/30/33.md +++ b/isa/30/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For a place of burning was prepared long ago -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For long ago Yahweh prepared a place for burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a place of burning -* **For a place of burning was prepared long ago** - The name "Topheth" means "a place of burning." AT: "For long ago Yahweh prepared a place for burning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it is prepared for the king** - AT: "Yahweh prepared it for the king of Assyria" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **The breath of Yahweh, like a stream of brimstone, will kindle it** - This compares the breath of Yahweh's mouth to a river of fire. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This phrase is the meaning of the word "Topheth." Topheth is a place in the Hinnom Valley, south of Jerusalem, where at one time people burned their children as sacrifices to a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it is prepared for the king + +It is implied that this refers to the king of Assyria. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh prepared it for the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The pile is ready with a fire and much wood + +"The pile is ready with much wood to make a fire" + +# The breath of Yahweh, like a stream of brimstone, will set it on fire + +This speaks of Yahweh's breath as if it were a river of fire that will set the pile on fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/intro.md b/isa/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..786c727682 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Isaiah 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 30, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter continues the series of "woes" against specific nations. It presents judgments against the people of Ephraim and Judah when they desired to make an alliance with Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== Negev== +This is an area between Egypt and Judah. The people would have had to travel though it in order to get to Egypt. No one really lived in this area and it was known to be very dangerous. + +##### Trust ##### +The people were to trust in Yahweh. Only he could provide them with protection. The people were punished for their lack of trust when they were in trouble, but Yahweh only required that they trust him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. The chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/01.md b/isa/31/01.md index 45da40837f..5591d5a2b6 100644 --- a/isa/31/01.md +++ b/isa/31/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# go down to Egypt -* **those who go down** - "those people of Judah who go down" -* **lean on horses** - "rely on their horses" -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. -* **seek Yahweh** - "ask Yahweh to help them" -* **will not retract his words** - "he will do what he said he would do" -* **arise against** - "punish" -* **evil house** - all who do evil things (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The phrase "go down" is used here because Egypt is lower in Elevation than Jerusalem. + +# those who go down + +"those people of Judah who go down" + +# lean on horses + +This speaks about people relying on their horses to help them as if they were leaning on their horses. AT: "rely on their horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Holy One of Israel + +See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). + +# nor do they seek Yahweh + +"nor do they ask Yahweh to help them" + +# he will bring disaster + +Here the word "bring" means to "cause." AT: "he will cause disasters to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will not retract his words + +The phrase "retract his words" speaks of a person not fulfilling what they said they will do as if the words that he had said were something that he could pull back to himself. Here it says that Yahweh will not do this, meaning he will fulfill what he has said. AT: "he will do what he said he would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# arise against + +"punish" + +# evil house + +This refers to evil people who live there. AT: "all who do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/03.md b/isa/31/03.md index 911ca1206d..31be5fc71e 100644 --- a/isa/31/03.md +++ b/isa/31/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Egypt is a man -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Egypt refers to the soldiers of Egypt. AT: "The soldiers of Egypt are men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# their horses flesh and not spirit -* **When Yahweh reaches out with his hand** - The term “hand” is often used in reference to God's power and action. AT: "When Yahweh uses his power against them." -* **both the one who helps will stumble, and the one who is helped will fall** - "these two things will happen: I will destroy Egypt, who helps you, and I will destroy you, whom Egypt helps" -* **the one who is helped** - AT: “the one who is seeking help” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This means that their horses are only horses and not spiritual beings. AT: "their horses are only horses; they are not powerful spirits!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When Yahweh reaches out with his hand + +The term "hand" is often used in reference to God's power and action. AT: "When Yahweh uses his power against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# both the one who helps will stumble, and the one who is helped will fall + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Stumbling and falling are metaphors of failing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "these two things will happen: I will destroy Egypt, who helps you, and I will destroy you, whom Egypt helps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the one who is helped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who is seeking help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/04.md b/isa/31/04.md index 44854a3f3c..187e76c200 100644 --- a/isa/31/04.md +++ b/isa/31/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh speaks to Isaiah. -## translationNotes +# As a lion ... thus Yahweh of hosts -* Yahweh speaks to Isaiah. -* **As a young lion… that hill** - Yahweh will defend those people who belong to him, and no one can scare him away. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **thus Yahweh of hosts will descend…that hill** - It may be more clear if you move the last line to before the first line: “Yahweh of hosts will descend to fight on Mount Zion, on that hill, as a lion, even a young lion…” -* **lion, even a young lion** - "female lion or killer lion." You may need to translate as one word, "lion." -* **growls** - warns others to stay away -* **when a group of shepherds is called out against it** - AT: "when someone sends shepherds to stop the lion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"A lion ... in the same way Yahweh of hosts." Here Yahweh speaks of how he will defend the people who belong to him and not be scared away by comparing himself to a lion who guards it's prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# thus Yahweh of hosts will descend ... that hill + +It may be more clear if you move the last line to before the first line: "Yahweh of hosts will descend to fight on Mount Zion, on that hill, as a lion, even a young lion" + +# a lion, even a young lion + +"a female lion or killer lion." This is a doublet with both phrase referring to a fierce lion. AT: "a lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# growls + +warns others to stay away + +# when a group of shepherds is called out against it + +The phrase "called out against it" means to be sent out to chase the lion away. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when someone sends shepherds to chase the lion away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from their sound + +The shepherds would make loud noises to try and chase away the lion. AT: "from the loud noises that they make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will descend + +"will come down." This refers to descending from heaven. AT: "will come down from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on Mount Zion, on that hill + +Both of the phrases refer to Mount Zion. AT: "on Mount Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/05.md b/isa/31/05.md index 23bc1d74e0..a501c8a3bd 100644 --- a/isa/31/05.md +++ b/isa/31/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Like birds in flight, so Yahweh of hosts will protect Jerusalem -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **Jerusalem** - "the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Return to him from whom you have deeply turned away** - "Return to the one against whom you have rebelled" -* **that your own hands have sinfully made** - "that you have made with your own hands. Making them was a sin against God" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the way that Yahweh protects Jerusalem is compared to the way that a mother bird protects her baby birds in their nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he will protect and rescue as he passes over it and preserves it + +This speaks of how Yahweh protects and rescues Jerusalem, describing him as a bird that flies over the city. AT: "he will protect and rescue the city from it's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# Jerusalem + +This refers to the people who live there. AT: "the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Return to him from whom you have deeply turned away + +"Return to the one against whom you have rebelled" + +# that your own hands have sinfully made + +Here the people are referred to by their "hands" the emphasize that they made something with their hands. AT: "that you have sinned by making with you own hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/08.md b/isa/31/08.md index 10c27acc71..c614fc0922 100644 --- a/isa/31/08.md +++ b/isa/31/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Judah, referring to the Assyrians as though they are one person. -## translationNotes +# Assyria will fall by the sword; a sword not wielded by man will consume him -* Yahweh continues speaking to the Israelites, referring to the Assyrians as though they are one person. -* **Assyria will fall by the sword, a sword not wielded by man will consume him** - AT: "God's sword, and not a man's sword, will destroy the Assyrian army." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he will flee** - "the Assyrians will flee" -* **and his young men will be forced to do hard labor** - AT: "and enemies will capture their young men and force them to do hard labor" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and his princes** - "and their leaders" -* **at the Yahweh's battle flag** - "when they see the flag of Yahweh's army." See how you translated "flag" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:26]]. -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. -* **whose fire is in Zion and whose firepot is in Jerusalem** - Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. Here fire and firepot refer to God's presence and his power to judge and destroy. AT: "whose powerful presence is in Zion." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Sword" refers to military might. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God's sword, and not a man's sword, will destroy the Assyrian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will flee + +"The Assyrians will flee" + +# They will lose all confidence because of terror + +The word "confidence" can be expressed with the adjective "confident." The word "terror" can be expressed with the adjective "terrified." AT: "They will no longer be confident because they are so terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his young men will be forced to do hard labor + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "enemies will capture their young men and force them to do hard labor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his princes + +"their leaders" + +# at the sight of Yahweh's battle flag + +The word "sight" can be expressed with the verb "see." AT: "when they see the flag of Yahweh's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# whose fire is in Zion and whose firepot is in Jerusalem + +Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. Here God's presence and his power to judge and destroy are spoken of as if they were a fire. AT: "whose powerful presence is in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/intro.md b/isa/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1d3afd7d2b --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Isaiah 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 31:1-5, 8-9, which are extended quotations. + +This chapter continues the series of "woes" against specific nations. It presents judgments against the people of Ephraim and Judah when they desired to make an alliance with Egypt. It also prophesies the destruction of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +The people were to trust in Yahweh. Only he could provide them with protection. They were punished for their lack of trust when they were in trouble, but Yahweh only required that they trust him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +##### Israel ##### +The use of the term "Israel" in this chapter is in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel exclusively. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/01.md b/isa/32/01.md index edee7ef646..49c4b498b4 100644 --- a/isa/32/01.md +++ b/isa/32/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This word is used here to draw peoples' attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## translationNotes +# Each one will be like a shelter from the wind and a refuge from the storm -* **Each one will be like a shelter from the wind and a refuge from the storm** - This compares the king and princes who protect the people to a shelter. AT: "the rulers will provide protection for the people" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like streams of water in a dry place** - This adds another comparison showing that the rulers will provide for the needs of the people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like the shade of a great rock in a land of weariness** - This adds another comparison showing that the rulers will provide comfort and rest for the people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Then the eyes...attentively** - Both of these phrases emphasize that the leaders will enable the people to understand God's truth.(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This compares the king and princes who protect the people to a shelter. AT: "the rulers will protect the people like a shelter does in a storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like streams of water in a dry place + +This is another comparison that means that the rulers will provide for the needs of the people. AT: "they will provide for the people like streams of water in a dry place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like the shade of a great rock in a land of weariness + +This is another comparison that means that the rulers will provide comfort and rest for the people. AT: "they will provide rest for the people like a huge rock gives shade to weary people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Then the eyes ... attentively + +Both of these phrases emphasize that the leaders will enable the people to understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not be dim + +"will see clearly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/04.md b/isa/32/04.md index 2534bda42c..5a0c92eaf1 100644 --- a/isa/32/04.md +++ b/isa/32/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] +Isaiah continues describing the people after God restores righteous rulers in Judah. (See: [Isaiah 32:1-3](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# The rash ... the stutterer -* 3]]) -* **the fool will no longer be called honorable** - AT: "No one will give honor to the fool" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **nor the deceiver called principled** - AT: "nor will anyone show respect to the person who deceives" +This refers to people who act rashly and people who stutter. AT: "The rash person ... the stuttering person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# The fool will no longer be called honorable + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will give honor to the fool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For the fool speaks folly, and his heart plans evil + +"The fool" refers to foolish people. Also, "folly" and "evil" may be expressed as adjectives. AT: "For the foolish person says foolish things and his heart plans evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his heart plans evil + +Here the foolish person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his inner thoughts. AT: "he plans evil things in his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# nor the deceiver called principled + +This can be stated in active form. "The deceiver" refers to a person who is deceptive. AT: "nor will anyone show respect to the person who deceives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# He makes + +The word "he" refers to the foolish person. + +# the hungry empty + +"The hungry" refers to hungry people. They are hungry because they have empty stomachs. AT: "the hungry person have an empty stomach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the thirsty he causes to lack drink + +"The thirsty" refers to people who are thirsty. AT: "he causes the thirsty person to have nothing to drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/07.md b/isa/32/07.md index bbdcc5d6ea..82e0511b0a 100644 --- a/isa/32/07.md +++ b/isa/32/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The deceiver's -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +This refers to a person who deceives others. AT: "The deceptive person's" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# to ruin the poor with lies -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +"The poor" refers to poor people. Also, the phrase "to ruin" does not means to kill them but to harm them by telling lies about them. AT: "to harm the poor people by telling lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# he will stand + +This means that he will be successful. AT: "he will be successful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/09.md b/isa/32/09.md index c1d262324f..52228ba1f7 100644 --- a/isa/32/09.md +++ b/isa/32/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Rise up -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"Stand up" or "Pay attention" -## translationNotes +# at ease -* **Rise up** - "Stand up" or "Pay attention" -* **my voice** - The word "my" refers to Isaiah. -* **your confidence will be broken** - AT: "you will no longer be confident" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the ingathering will not come** - AT: "the time for gathering crops will not happen" +"secure" or "carefree" + +# my voice + +Isaiah refers to himself by his voice to emphasize what he says. AT: "me speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your confidence will be broken + +This can be stated in active form. Also, Isaiah speaks of them no longer being confident as if their confidence were a physical object that is broken. AT: "you will no longer be confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the grape harvest will fail + +This means that there would not be good grapes to harvest. AT: "there will be no grapes for you to harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the ingathering will not come + +"the time for gathering crops will not happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/11.md b/isa/32/11.md index 24ba56c916..94e79b49f8 100644 --- a/isa/32/11.md +++ b/isa/32/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Tremble -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **tremble** - "Shake from fear" -* **you will wail** - "you will cry out loudly and grieve" -* **thorns and briers** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:05]]. +"Shake from fear" + +# at ease + +"secure" or "carefree" + +# take off your fine clothes and make yourselves bare + +Here "bare" does not necessarily mean naked, but to wear minimal covering such as undergarments. AT: "take off you fine clothes and make yourself unclothed" or "take off your fancy clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# put on sackcloth around your waists + +This is an act of grieving or mourning. AT: "put sackcloth around waists as you grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# You will wail for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vines + +This means that they will cry out loudly as they grieve what happens to their fruitful fields and vines. AT: "You will wail because of what happens to your pleasant fields and fruitful vines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# thorns and briers + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 5:6](../05/05.md). + +# the once joyful houses + +Here the houses are described as joyful because of the joyful people in them. AT: "your houses where you were once joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the city of revelry + +"your joyful city." The word "revelry" means celebrating and partying. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/14.md b/isa/32/14.md index ace05158d1..0674e6228f 100644 --- a/isa/32/14.md +++ b/isa/32/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# For the palace will be forsaken, the crowded city will be deserted -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **For the palace will be forsaken, the crowded city will be deserted** - AT: "For the people will abandon the palace and the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the hill** - Here this means a fort on a hill. -* **forever** - "an extremely long time" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **until the Spirit is poured on us from on high** - AT: "until Yahweh pours the Spirit on us from heaven" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For the people will forsake the palace and the crowds will abandon the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hill + +This refers to the fort built on the top of the hill. AT: "the fort on the hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hill and the watchtower will become caves + +This speaks of the fort and the watchtower being abandoned as if they became caves. AT: "the hill and the watchtower will become abandoned and empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a joy of wild donkeys, a pasture of flocks + +This means the these animals will enjoy the grass that grows among the abandon fort and watchtower. AT: "the wild donkeys and the flocks of sheep will eat the grass there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# forever + +This is an exaggeration for a very long time. AT: "an extremely long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# until the Spirit is poured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until Yahweh pours the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Spirit is poured on us + +This speaks of Yahweh giving him Spirit to his people as if his Spirit were a liquid that he would pour on them. AT: "the Spirit is given to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from on high + +Here heaven is referred to as "on high." AT: "from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fruitful field is considered as a forest + +This can be written in active form. This compares how overly bountiful the fruitful fields are by comparing them to a thick, dense forest. AT: "people will say that the fruitful fields have grown thick like a forest" or "the fruitful fields will be overly bountiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/16.md b/isa/32/16.md index 78664e86f0..335ea54e3a 100644 --- a/isa/32/16.md +++ b/isa/32/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# justice will reside ... righteousness will live -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **justice will reside...righteousness will live** - Isaiah describes "justice" and "righteousness" as a person who lives in these places. This means the people who live in these places will do what is just and right. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Isaiah describes "justice" and "righteousness" as a person who lives in these places. This means the people who live in these places will do what is just and right. AT: "people will act justly in the wilderness and people will act righteously in the fertile fields (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The work of righteousness will be peace; and the result of righteousness, quietness and confidence forever + +These two phrases are parallel and both give results of righteousness. These can be combined. AT: "The result of people acting righteously is that there will be peace, and quietness, and confidence forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# habitation + +"place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/19.md b/isa/32/19.md index 0edcb975c5..ee9e7dcc00 100644 --- a/isa/32/19.md +++ b/isa/32/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# hails -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:2](../28/01.md). -## translationNotes +# the forest is destroyed, and the city is completely annihilated -* **But it will hail when the forest is destroyed, and the city will be completely annihilated** - See how you translated "hail" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:28:17]]. AT: "But hail will completely destroy the forest and the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it destroys the forest and completely destroys the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you who sow beside all the streams will be blessed, you who send out your ox and donkey to graze + +This can be stated in active form. This refers to Yahweh blessing all of his people and speaks of the things that are normal for his people to do. AT: "Yahweh will bless you, as you plant your crops in fields alongside the streams and as you send out your ox and donkey to graze in the pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/intro.md b/isa/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f9c880b221 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Isaiah 32 General Notes # + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Reign of the Messiah ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/01.md b/isa/33/01.md index 785d1f7574..f22bfe2cce 100644 --- a/isa/33/01.md +++ b/isa/33/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Isaiah speaks in poetry for Yahweh to the Assyrians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# who has not been destroyed -* Isaiah speaks in poetry for Yahweh to the Assyrians. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **who has not been destroyed** - AT: "whom others have not destroyed" [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you will be destroyed** - AT: "others will destroy you" (See: UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom others have not destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "others will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will betray + +"others will betray" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/02.md b/isa/33/02.md index 6b89a66aaa..ee8fa60633 100644 --- a/isa/33/02.md +++ b/isa/33/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# be our arm -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Yahweh's arm refers to his strength. This speaks of Yahweh strengthening them as if Yahweh would use his strength to act for them. AT: "give us strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# every morning +This refers to the whole day, not just the morning. AT: "every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# our salvation + +This understood verb "be" may be supplied. Also, the word "salvation" may be expressed with the verb "save." AT: "be our salvation" or "save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the time of trouble + +This refers to the times when they are experiencing trouble. AT: ""when we have troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/03.md b/isa/33/03.md index 3b8fa58c45..f042fa2134 100644 --- a/isa/33/03.md +++ b/isa/33/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# At the loud noise the peoples flee -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Possible meanings of "the loud noise" are 1) it refers to Yahweh's voice. AT: "The peoples flee at the sound of your loud voice" or 2) it refers the loud sounds of Yahweh's army. AT: "The people flee at the sound of your army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# arise -* **arise** - "begin acting" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Your spoil is gathered as the locusts gather** - This can mean 1) God's people will take plunder from their enemies, specifically the Assyrians (see UDB), or 2) God's people will take the plunder that Assyrians have taken from others. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **gather** - "gather food" -* **as locusts leap** - The locusts see food and jump to get it. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This means to begin doing something. AT: "begin acting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the nations are scattered + +This can be written in active form. AT: "the nations scatter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your spoil is gathered as the locusts gather; as locusts leap, men leap on it + +This compares how quick and eager Yahweh's people are when they gather the spoils from their enemies to the eagerness of locusts when they gather food. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your people gather spoils from your enemies with the same fierceness as the locusts have who devour green plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/05.md b/isa/33/05.md index 12513986a9..be891f43e9 100644 --- a/isa/33/05.md +++ b/isa/33/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh is exalted -* Isaiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. -* **He will be the stability in your times** - "He will make you secure all your lives" -* **abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge** - "he will save you and give you an abundance of wisdom and knowledge" -* **the fear of Yahweh is his treasure** - If the people fear Yahweh, he will be like valuable treasure to them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh is greater than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will fill Zion with justice and righteousness + +This speaks of Yahweh ruling Zion with his justice and righteousness as if he were filling Zion with justice and righteousness. AT: "He will rule Zion with justice and righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will be the stability in your times + +This speaks of Yahweh causing his people to be secure as if he were the stability himself. The phrase "your times" refers to their lives. AT: "He will make you secure all your lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge + +This refers to the things that Yahweh will give to them. The abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verb "save." The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "knowledge" can be expressed with adjectives. AT: "and he will give you an abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge" or "he will save you and cause you to be very wise and knowledgeable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the fear of Yahweh is his treasure + +This speaks of fearing Yahweh as if it were a treasure that Yahweh gives his people. AT: "revering Yahweh will be like a valuable treasure that he will give to you" or "to fear Yahweh will be as valuable to you as a treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/07.md b/isa/33/07.md index 9d0c0bc95f..85b157e303 100644 --- a/isa/33/07.md +++ b/isa/33/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This word is used here to draw peoples' attention to what is said next. It is also used here to mark a new section in the book. AT: "Listen" -## translationNotes +# envoys -* **Look** - This marks a new section in the book. It also adds emphasis to what follows. -* **their envoys cry** - UDB understands that Isaiah includes himself among the people of Jerusalem, whose envoys cry. -* **treaties** - agreements between governments +"messengers" + +# the diplomats hoping for peace weep bitterly + +This means they weep because they do not succeed in making peace. AT: "the diplomats hope for peace but they do not succeed and so they weep bitterly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The highways are deserted; there are no more travelers + +Both of the phrases emphasize that there are no travelers on the highways. These can be combined and stated in active form. AT: "People no longer travel on the highways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Covenants are broken, witnesses are despised, and mankind is not respected + +This passage may refer to general conditions of corruption in Israel, or it may refer to the nation's inability to make reliable peace treaties with Assyria. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People break covenants that they have made, people ignore the testimony of witnesses, and people do not respect one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/09.md b/isa/33/09.md index 9a1eacb8a6..e48667bee7 100644 --- a/isa/33/09.md +++ b/isa/33/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The land mourns and withers away -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:sharon]] +This speaks of the land becoming dry as if it were a person mourning. AT: "The land becomes dry and its plants wither away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Lebanon is ashamed and withers away -* **mourns and withers away** - like a person who is very sad and has lost hope (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Lebanon** - a place known for its strong trees -* **is confounded and withers away** - like a person who is ashamed -* **Sharon...Bashan...Carmel** - regions where many flowers and trees once grew +Here "Lebanon" represents Lebanon's trees. This speaks of the trees withering and decaying as if they were a person who is ashamed. AT: "Lebanon's trees wither and decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Sharon ... Bashan ... Carmel + +Many trees and flowers once grew in these places. + +# Sharon is like a desert plain + +This compares how dry Sharon is to a desert plain. AT: "Sharon is as dry as a desert plain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Bashan and Carmel shake off their leaves + +Here Bashan and Carmel are represented by their trees. AT: "there are no more leaves on the trees in Bashan and Carmel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/10.md b/isa/33/10.md index 6bce4e5b34..3e5b7f6fcd 100644 --- a/isa/33/10.md +++ b/isa/33/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# arise -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"stand." Here this word means to begin doing something. In this case Yahweh is now exalting himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# now I will be lifted up; now I will be elevated -* ** "Now will I arise," says Yahweh; "now I will be lifted up; now I will be exalted. ** - See the way you translated something similar in 6:1, 52:13, and 57:15. -* **arise** - begin acting (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **You conceive chaff, you give birth to stubble** - The Assyrians making plans are like a woman becoming pregnant, and their actions a baby. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you give birth to stubble** - "your actions are like straw" -* **your breath is a fire that will consume you** - The plans that the Assyrians make will destroy the Assyrians. -* **The peoples will be burned to lime, as thorn bushes cut down that are burned in the fire** - AT: "The fire will burn the peoples to lime just like a farmer cuts down thorn bushes and burns them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **lime** - the ashes from burned bones +This can be stated in active form. These two phrases have basically the same meaning and emphasize Yahweh being exalted. AT: "now I will exalt myself and show that I deserve for everyone to honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You conceive chaff, and you give birth to stubble + +This speaks of the Assyrians making plans as if they were conceiving and giving birth to their plans as a mother gives birth to a baby. This speaks of their plans being useless by comparing them to chaff. AT: "You make plans that are as useless as chaff and straw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stubble + +"straw" + +# your breath is a fire that will consume you + +Here the Assyrians' plans are referred to as their "breath." This speaks of their plans causing them to die as if their plans would literally burn up their bodies. AT: "your plans will cause you to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The peoples will be burned to lime, as thornbushes are cut down and are burned + +This compares how the peoples' dead bodies will be burned to the way thornbushes are burned. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "Fire will burn the peoples' bodies to lime in the same way that a farmer cuts down thornbushes and burns them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lime + +the ashes from burned bones \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/13.md b/isa/33/13.md index a13ee88dce..21b9f14b38 100644 --- a/isa/33/13.md +++ b/isa/33/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# You who are far away, hear what I have done; and, you who are near, acknowledge my might -* Yahweh continues to speak. -* **You who are far away, hear what I have done; and, you who are near, acknowledge my might** - Yahweh uses the words "far away" and "near" to mean all people. "All people everywhere listen to what I have done and admit that I am mighty." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **sojourn** - live in a place that is not one's home +Yahweh uses the words "far away" and "near" to mean all people. The word "might" can be expressed with the adjective "mighty." AT: "All people everywhere hear what I have done and acknowledge that I am mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# trembling has seized the godless ones + +This speaks of the godless people trembling as if their trembling were an enemy that had seized them. AT: "the godless ones are overwhelmed with trembling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Who among us ... burnings + +It is implied that the sinner in Zion ask these questions. AT: "They say, 'Who among us ... burnings'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Who among us can sojourn with a raging fire? Who among us can sojourn with everlasting burnings? + +These rhetorial questions have basically the same meaning and emphasize that no one can live with fire. Here fire represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "No one can live with raging fire! No one can live with everylasting burns!" or "No one can live bearing Yahweh's judgment, it is like an everlasting fire!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sojourn + +live in a place that is not one's home \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/15.md b/isa/33/15.md index eff5f2f2d1..267dadf1cb 100644 --- a/isa/33/15.md +++ b/isa/33/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He who walks -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Here walking refers to living. AT: "He who lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he who despises the gain of oppression -* **He who walks righteously and speaks honestly** - "Whoever does what is right and speaks what is true" -* **he who despises the gain of oppression** - "whoever hates the riches that come from harming other people" -* **and does not look on evil** - AT: "and does not join those who do what is evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **He will make his home on the heights** - "He will make his home high in the mountains where it is safe" or "He will make his home in safe places" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The noun phrase "the gain of oppression" can be expressed as a verb phrase. AT: "he who hates the riches that come from harming other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# does not look on evil + +Here "look on" means to approve of something. AT: "who do not approve of doing evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will make his home on the heights; his place of defense will be the fortresses of rocks + +This speaks of the man being safe as if he lived in a home on a high hill. These two phrase are parallel and the second phrase describes the place where the man lives. AT: "he will be safe, like a man who home is built on a high hill, in a rocky place that is easy to defend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the heights + +This refers to a high hill or mountainside. AT: "the high hill" or "the mountainside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fortresses of rocks + +This speaks of rocky areas that are easy to defend as if they were actually fortresses. AT: "the large piles of rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be in steady supply + +"will always be available" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/17.md b/isa/33/17.md index fbe22fb279..fcec76ef1b 100644 --- a/isa/33/17.md +++ b/isa/33/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Your eyes will see ... they will see -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +This refers the audience by their "eyes." AT: "You will see ... you will see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the king in his beauty -* **they will behold** - "your eyes will see" or "you will see" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Your heart will recall the terror** - AT: "You will remember the terror that the Assyrians caused you" when they attacked. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **weighed the money** - Much "money" was lumps of metal that were weighed in markets and for taxes. +The king's royal robes are referred to as "his beauty." AT: "the king in his beautiful robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your heart will recall the terror + +This refers to the audience by their "hearts." "The terror" refers to their war with the Assyrians. This can be stated clearly. AT: "You will remember the terror that the Assyrians caused you when they attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where is the scribe, where is he who weighed the money? Where is he who counted the towers? + +These rhetorical question are asked to emphasize that the Assyrian officials are gone. These questions may be written as statements. AT: "The officers of Assyria who counted the tax money that we were forced to pay to them have disappeared! Those men who counted our towers are gone!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# weighed the money + +Money was valuable metal; its value was determined by its weight. + +# a people of a strange language + +"a people who spoke a strange language" + +# comprehend + +"understand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/20.md b/isa/33/20.md index 3cf241bc4c..38f4433534 100644 --- a/isa/33/20.md +++ b/isa/33/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah continues to speak to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# the city of our feasts -* Isaiah continues to speak to the people of Judah. -* **a tent that will not be removed** - It may be translated as a new sentence. AT: "It will be like a tent that no one will ever remove." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **whose stakes will never be pulled up or will any of its cords be broken** - This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "No one will ever pull up its stakes or break its cords." -* **Yahweh in majesty will be with us, in a place of broad rivers and streams** - Here "us" refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. This compares the safety of living with Yahweh to a place that has rivers around it so that enemies cannot attack them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +This means that they have their festival and feasts at this city. AT: "the city where we have our feasts" or "they city where we celebrate our festivals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# your eyes will see + +The people are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they are seeing. AT: "you will see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a tent that will not be removed + +This speaks of Zion being secure and well establish as if it were secure tent. This can be stated in active form and written as a new sentence. AT: "it will be secure, like a tent that no one will ever remove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whose stakes will never be pulled up nor will any of its cords be broken + +This is part of the metaphor that compares Zion to a secure tent. This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose stakes no one will ever pull up and whose cords no one will ever break" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh in majesty will be with us, in a place of broad rivers and streams + +Here "us" refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. This speaks of the safety of living with Yahweh as if it were a place that has rivers around it so that enemies cannot attack it. AT: "Yahweh who is majestic will be with us, and we will be safe as if we were in a place surrounded by broad rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will travel it + +"will travel the river" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/22.md b/isa/33/22.md index 9163b1f7d8..70495ed55c 100644 --- a/isa/33/22.md +++ b/isa/33/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# our ... us -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **our...us** - This refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +This refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/23.md b/isa/33/23.md index 4fa2315a6e..8f1e9c8928 100644 --- a/isa/33/23.md +++ b/isa/33/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Your riggings are slack; they cannot hold the mast in place; they cannot spread the sail -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] +Possible meanings: 1) The Assyrian army is like a boat that is unable to move through the water: the ropes that support the mast and sail have come loose and no longer support the mast, so the sail is useless ([Isaiah 33:1](./01.md)) or 2) the people of Judah are no longer at war: "You have loosened the cords that supported your flagpole; the flag no longer flies" ([Isaiah 33:17](./17.md)-[Isaiah 22](./22.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# mast -* **Your riggings are slack; they cannot hold the mast in place; they cannot spread the sail** - Possible meanings: 1) The Assyrian army is like a boat that is unable to move through the water: the ropes that support the mast and sail have come loose and no longer support the mast, so the sail is useless ([[:en:bible:notes:isa:33:01]]) or 2) the people of Judah are no longer at war: "You have loosened the cords that supported your flagpole; the flag no longer flies" ([[:en:bible:notes:isa:33:17]]-[[:en:bible:notes:isa:33:22]], see UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **mast** - tall poles that support the sail -* **sail** - a large cloth that fills with wind and moves a boat through the water -* **when the great spoil is divided** - AT: "when they divide the treasure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the people who live there will be forgiven for their iniquity** - AT: "Yahweh will forgive the sins of the people who live there" +tall poles that support the sail + +# sail + +a large cloth that fills with wind and moves a boat through the water + +# when the great spoil is divided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when they divide the treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the lame + +This refers to people who are cannot walk. AT: "those who are lame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the people who live there will be forgiven for their iniquity + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the sins of the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/intro.md b/isa/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94a74ea4fe --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Isaiah 33 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter continues the series of "woes." It speaks against ungodly or evil people in general. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/01.md b/isa/34/01.md index 34931a0fe9..c5c2721217 100644 --- a/isa/34/01.md +++ b/isa/34/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking in poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The earth and all that fills it must listen, the world, and all things that come from it -* Yahweh is speaking in poetry. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **he has completely destroyed them, he has handed them over to the slaughter** - Often prophets speak of things that will happen in the future as if they have already happened. This emphasizes the event will certainly happen. AT: "he will completely destroy them, he will give them over to the slaughter." +Here the earth is spoken of as being required to listen to Yahweh to emphasize that it is under Yahweh's authority. These two parallel phrases are metonyms for all the people who live in the world. AT: "In all places everywhere on earth, everyone must listen to what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the world, and all things that come from it + +This is the second of two parallel phrases. The understood words may be supplied in this phrase. AT: "the world, and all things that come from it must listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# he has completely destroyed them, he has handed them over to the slaughter + +Often prophets speak of things that will happen in the future as if they have already happened. This emphasizes the event will certainly happen. AT: "he will completely destroy them, he will give them over to the slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/03.md b/isa/34/03.md index f208cdd947..38caef73d3 100644 --- a/isa/34/03.md +++ b/isa/34/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The bodies of their dead will be thrown out -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will bury their dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# their dead -* **Their slain will be left unburied** - "No one will bury the dead people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the sky will be rolled up like a scroll** - This emphasizes that God's anger will affect the heavens and the earth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and all their stars will fade away, as the leaf fades from off the vine, and as the overripe figs from the fig tree** - "and and all the stars will fall from the sky like a leaf falls from a vine or a fig falls from a tree." This emphasizes even the things in the sky that people thought would be there forever will fall as easily as a leaf. +This refers to the dead people. AT: "those who died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the mountains will soak up their blood + +"the mountains will be covered in their blood" + +# the sky will be rolled up like a scroll + +This can be stated in active form. This compares what Yahweh will do to the sky to a person rolling up a scroll. AT: "Yahweh will roll up the sky in the same way that a person rolls up a scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# all their stars will fade away, as the leaf fades from off the vine, and as the overripe figs from the fig tree + +This emphasizes even the things in the sky that people thought would be there forever will fall as easily as a leaf. AT: "all the stars will fall from the sky like a leaf falls from a vine or a fig falls from a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/05.md b/isa/34/05.md index f97ff909cb..65669e5b2e 100644 --- a/isa/34/05.md +++ b/isa/34/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# when my sword will have drunk its fill in heaven -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh describes himself as a warrior bearing a sword. The phrase "drunk its fill" speaks of Yahweh's sword as if it were a person who has eaten and become satisfied. Yahweh uses this imagery to emphasize that there will be a lot of destruction in heaven and to state its completion. AT: "when I am finished destroying things in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# look -* **when my sword will have drunk its fill in heaven** - Yahweh is satisfied with destroying the heavens like a person puts a sword down when he has finished killing people. AT: "When I am finished destroying the objects in heaven." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **it will now come down on Edom, on the people whom I am consigning to annihilation** - "I will now come to punish the people Edom whom I have set aside so that I may destroy them" -* **The sword of Yahweh is dripping with blood and covered with fat, dripping with the blood of lambs and goats, covered with the fat of the kidneys of rams** - Because of their sins, Yahweh slaughters the people of Edom the way priests sacrifice animals. -* **Bozrah** - an important city in Edom (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This word is used here to draw the listener's attention and to have them imagine the things being said. AT: "listen" or "and then" + +# it will now come down on Edom, on the people I am setting apart for destruction + +The word "it" refers to Yahweh's sword. This continues the metaphor about Yahweh destroying things with a sword. AT: "I will come to punish the people of Edom, the people whom I have set aside for me to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on Edom + +Edom refers to the people who live there. AT: "on the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The sword of Yahweh is dripping with blood and covered with fat ... of rams + +This speaks of Yahweh killing the people as if he were a priest sacrificing animals. He does this by describing the sword of a priest. AT: "Yahweh sacrifices them as a priest sacrifices animals, whose sword drips with the blood and fat of lambs, goats, and rams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For Yahweh has a sacrifice in Bozrah and a great slaughter in the land of Edom + +The words "sacrifice" and "slaughter" may be expressed here as verbs. AT: "For Yahweh will sacrifice many people in Bozrah and kill many people in the land of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Bozrah + +This is an important city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/07.md b/isa/34/07.md index 81bd43848e..497a539ae2 100644 --- a/isa/34/07.md +++ b/isa/34/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Wild oxen will be slaughtered -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I, Yahweh, will slaughter the wild oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Their land will be drunk with blood -* **Wild oxen will be slaughtered along with them, and young bull with the older ones** - Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will slaughter all the oxen and bulls along with the people or 2) this refers to the leaders of Edom that Yahweh will slaughter along with the common people like oxen and bulls. -* **Wild oxen will be slaughtered** - AT: "I, Yahweh, will slaughter the wild oxen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This describes the amount of blood that will soak into the ground by comparing the land to a drunk person. AT: "Their land will be soaked with blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# their dust made fat with fatness + +Here "dust" means the dirt on the ground. This describes the amount of fat that will soak into the dirt by comparing it to a person that has become fat from eating so much animal fat. AT: "the dirt will be full of the fat of the animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/08.md b/isa/34/08.md index 1226e38f98..b030974669 100644 --- a/isa/34/08.md +++ b/isa/34/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# it will be a day of vengeance for Yahweh -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Here "day" is an idiom for a point in time; it is not a literal "day." AT: "it will be the time when Yahweh gets revenge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he will pay them back for the cause of Zion -* **pitch** - a thick, black substance that burns for a long time -* **her dust...her land** - Edom's dust and land AT: "its dust...its land." +This means that he will take revenge on them for how they had previously waged war against the people of Jerusalem. AT: "he will give them the punishment they deserve for what they had done to the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The streams of Edom will be turned into pitch ... become burning pitch + +The water and land becoming useless for drinking or growing food because it is burnt and covered in pitch and sulfur is spoken of as if their streams and land will actually become pitch and sulfur. AT: "The streams in Edom will be full of pitch and the ground will be covered with burning sulfur and burning pitch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her dust ... her land + +"Edom's dust ... Edom's land" + +# pitch + +a thick, black substance that burns for a long time + +# It will burn night and day + +This means all of the time. AT: "It will burn throughout the night and the day" or "It will burn constantly, all night and all day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# from generation to generation + +The phrase "generation to generation" refers to all generations of people who will live in the future. See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 13:20](../13/19.md). AT: "forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/11.md b/isa/34/11.md index c5901778a3..54ee2bb109 100644 --- a/isa/34/11.md +++ b/isa/34/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# will live there -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +"will live in the land of Edom" -## translationNotes +# owl -* **will live there** - "will live in the land of Edom" -* **owl** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:13:21]]. -* **raven** - a black bird -* **He will stretch over it the measuring line of ruin and the plumbline of destruction** - This compares God carefully judging the people of Edom to a builder carefully using tools to measure something. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **measuring line...plumbline** - See how you tranlated similar words in [[en:bible:notes:isa:28:17]]. -* **her nobles...her princes** - "the nobles of Edom...the princes of Edom" +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 13:21](../13/21.md). + +# raven + +This is a large black bird. It is difficult to identify some of the precise kinds of birds mentioned in this passage. However, they were all birds that preferred to live in places where there were no people, so they symbolize deserted places. + +# in it + +"there." This refers to Edom. + +# He will stretch over it the measuring line of ruin and the plumbline of destruction + +This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a careful builder as he causes destruction in Edom. AT: "Yahweh will measure that land carefully; he will measure it to to decide where to cause ruin and destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# measuring line ... plumbline + +These are builders' tools. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 28:17](../28/17.md). + +# Her nobles ... her princes + +"The nobles of Edom ... the princes of Edom" + +# all her princes will be nothing + +This exaggerates the princes losing their royal status by saying that they will become nothing. AT: "all her princes will no longer rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/13.md b/isa/34/13.md index 1280e319c3..b31d7c4313 100644 --- a/isa/34/13.md +++ b/isa/34/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Thorns ... nettles ... thistles -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +These are all weeds with thorns. Nettles' thorns have poison that causes itching. -## translationNotes +# jackals ... ostriches ... wild animals ... hyenas ... Owls -* **thorns...nettles...thistles** - weeds with thorns. Nettles' thorns have poison that causes itching. -* **jackals…ostriches…wild animals…hyenas…Owls** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:isa:13:21]]. -* **Nocturnal animals** - animals that are active at night -* **hawk** - a bird that eats 1) animals it has just killed or 2) animals that have been dead for some time +Translate the names of these animals the same as you did in [Isaiah 13:21-22](../13/21.md). + +# Nocturnal animals + +animals that are awake and active at night + +# hawks + +birds that kill small animals for food \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/16.md b/isa/34/16.md index 3b704b2ded..761c43b7b2 100644 --- a/isa/34/16.md +++ b/isa/34/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Search through the scroll of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The phrase "the scroll of Yahweh" means that it contains the messages spoken by Yahweh. AT: "Read carefully what is written in this scroll that contains the messages of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## translationNotes +# not one of these -* **not one of these** - not one of the animals listed in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:34:13]] -* **for his mouth has commanded it** - AT: "for Yahweh has commanded it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **He has cast lots for their places** - AT: "He has determined where they will live" -* **and his hand has measured it out for them by a cord** - AT: "and he has used a cord to measure it and give it to them" +"not one of the animals" + +# None will lack for a mate + +This can be written as a positive statement. AT: "Each animal will have a mate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# for his mouth has commanded it + +Yahweh is referred to by his "mouth" to emphasize what he has said. AT: "for Yahweh has commanded it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He has cast lots for their places + +This speaks of Yahweh deciding where to cause the animals to live as if he actually cast lots for their places. AT: "He has determined where they will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his hand has measured it out for them by a cord + +This refers to the way that people measured things in biblical times. AT: "he has given the animals their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from generation to generation they will + +The phrase "generation to generation" refers to all generations of people who will live in the future. See how you translated the phrase "from generation to generation" in [Isaiah 13:20](../13/19.md). AT: "forever they will" or "they will always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/intro.md b/isa/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c8ed6c6d05 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Isaiah 34 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Destruction ##### +There are many images used in this chapter which describe destruction. Here each of these metaphors describes complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### + +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/01.md b/isa/35/01.md index 48410e7c3d..1fd81d82fc 100644 --- a/isa/35/01.md +++ b/isa/35/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The wilderness and the Arabah will be glad; and the desert will rejoice -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sharon]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two phrases have basically the same meaning. These places are described as being glad, like a person is glad, because they have received water and are blossoming. AT: "It will be like the wilderness and the Arabah are glad and the desert will rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# blossom -* **The wilderness and the Arabah will be glad; and the desert will rejoice** - The word "Arabah" means "a dry place." In 35:1-2 Isaiah describes these places as a person who is glad. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the glory of Lebanon will be given to it, the splendor of Carmel and Sharon** - AT: "Yahweh will make the desert as beautiful as Lebanon, Carmel, and Sharon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This speaks of the plants in the desert blossoming as if the desert itself were blossoming. AT: "its plants will blossom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Like the rose, it will blossom abundantly + +This compares the way the plants of the desert blossom to the way a rose has many blossoms. AT: "The desert will grow many new plants and trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# and rejoice with joy and singing + +This speaks of the desert as if it were happy and singing like a person. AT: "it will be as though everything is rejoicing and singing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the glory of Lebanon will be given to it + +This can be stated in active form. This speaks of Yahweh making the desert looks as glorious as Lebanon as if he were giving the desert Lebanon's glory. AT: "Yahweh will give it the glory of Lebanon" or "Yahweh will make it as glorious as Lebanon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the splendor of Carmel and Sharon + +This speaks of Yahweh making the desert look beautiful as Carmel and Sharon as if he were giving the desert their splendor. The understood information may be supplied. AT: "the splendor of Carmel and Sharon will be given to it" or "Yahweh will make it as splendid as Carmel and Sharon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the glory of Yahweh, the splendor of our God + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh's appearance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/03.md b/isa/35/03.md index 26c4f20128..23f3f0500a 100644 --- a/isa/35/03.md +++ b/isa/35/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Isaiah is speaking to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Strengthen the weak hands, and steady the knees that shake. -* Isaiah is speaking to the people of Judah. -* **Strengthen the weak hands, and steady the knees that shake.** - This represents a person who is fearful and despondent. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your God will come with vengeance, with the recompense of God** - The words "vengeance" and "recompense" mean the same thing are are used together for emphasis. AT: “your God he will punish your enemies for what they did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The words "weak hands" and "knees that shake" represent a person who is fearful. AT: "Strengthen those whose hands are weak and whose knees shake from fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# those with a fearful heart + +Here people are referred to by their hearts, which emphasize their inner feelings. AT: "to those who are fearful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Look + +This is used here to draw the listeners' attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# your God will come with vengeance, with the recompense of God + +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "vengeance" and "recompense" are expressed as the verb "punish." The words "vengeance" and "recompense" mean the same thing and emphasize that God will punish Judah's enemies. AT: "your God will punish your enemies for what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/05.md b/isa/35/05.md index fc7c12d681..9c42534df2 100644 --- a/isa/35/05.md +++ b/isa/35/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +These verses begin a description of the glorious future for God's people. -## translationNotes +# the eyes of the blind will see -* These verses begin a description of the glorious future for God's people. -* **Then the lame man will leap like a deer** - This means a person who could not walk will be able to jump even more than ordinary people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Arabah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:35:01]]. -* **jackals** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:13:21]]. -* **reeds and rushes** - These are plants that grow in wet areas. +"The blind" refers to people who are blind. They are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize their healing. AT: "blind people will see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the ears of the deaf will hear + +"The deaf" refers to people who cannot hear. They are referred to by their "ears" to emphasize their healing. AT: "deaf people will hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the lame man will leap like a deer + +Deer can jump far and high. Jumping like a deer is an exaggeration for being able to move about quickly and easily. AT: "the lame man will jump high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the mute tongue will sing + +This refers to people who cannot speak. They are referred to by their "tongues" to emphasize their healing. AT: "mute people will sing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# streams in the wilderness + +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "streams will flow in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# The burning sand will become a pool + +This means that a pool of water will appear in the hot sand. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "A pool will appear in the burning sand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the thirsty ground + +Here the dry ground is described as being thirsty. AT: "the dry ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the thirsty ground springs of water + +This means that springs will appear in the dry ground. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "springs of water will appear in the thirsty ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# jackals + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 13:22](../13/21.md). + +# reeds and rushes + +These are plants that grow in wet areas. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/08.md b/isa/35/08.md index dd9118ae38..b5a7d30f95 100644 --- a/isa/35/08.md +++ b/isa/35/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +These verses continue the description of the glorious future for God's people. -## translationNotes +# A highway will be there called The Holy Way -* These verses continue the description of the glorious future for God's people. -* **highway** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:11:16]]. -* **they will not be found there** - AT: "no one will find them there" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A highway will be there that has the name The Holy Way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# highway + +See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 11:16](../11/16.md). + +# The unclean + +This refers to unclean people. A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. AT: "Those who are unclean" or "People who are not acceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# him who walks in it + +This is an idiom. Here "walking" refers to "living." This refers to the person who lives a holy life. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "who lives in the holy way" or "who lives a holy life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they will not be found there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will find them there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the redeemed + +This refers to people who God has redeemed. AT: "those who are redeemed" or "those who God has redeemed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/10.md b/isa/35/10.md index f86075bea5..a8b4476180 100644 --- a/isa/35/10.md +++ b/isa/35/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The ransomed of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +To "ransom" means to "rescue." This refers to people whom Yahweh has rescued. AT: "Those whom Yahweh has rescued" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# everlasting joy will be on their heads -* **everlasting joy will be on their heads** - This uses a person's head to mean the person as a whole. This emphasizes that they will be totally joyful. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **gladness and joy will overtake them; sorrow and sighing will flee away** - Isaiah describes these emotions as if they are persons who can run towards or away from God's people. This means these people will only be happy and never sad. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This uses a person's head to mean the person as a whole. AT: "they will have everlasting joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# gladness and joy ... sorrow and sighing + +The words "gladness" and "joy" mean basically the same thing, as do "sorrow" and "sighing." Together they emphasize the intensity of these emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# gladness and joy will overtake them + +This speaks of the people being overwhelmed by gladness and joy by giving these emotions the human quality of being able to overtake someone by force. AT: "they will be overwhelmed by joy and gladness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# sorrow and sighing will flee away + +This speaks of the people no longer being sorrowful and sighing by giving these emotions the human ability to run away. AT: "they will no longer be sorrowful and sighing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/intro.md b/isa/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..43daeaef42 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 35 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Reign of the Messiah ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/01.md b/isa/36/01.md index 8e00a34ff7..b230e365c4 100644 --- a/isa/36/01.md +++ b/isa/36/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# the fourteenth year -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +"the 14th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# King Hezekiah -* **king Hezekiah** - See how you translated the king's name in [[:en:ulb:ep:23-isa.usfm]]. -* **Sennacherib** - This is the name of the king of Assyria. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the Rabshakeh** - This was the title of a high court official. -* **from Lachish** - This is a city southwest of Jerusalem. -* **He approached** - "The Rabshakeh approached" -* **the conduit of the upper pool, on the highway to the launderers' field** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:isa:07:03]]. -* **Eliakim...Hilkiah...Shebna** - See how you translated these names of men in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:22:20]] and [[:en:bible:notes:isa:22:15]]. -* **who was over the household** - "who was in charge of the king's palace" -* **Joah...Asaph** - These are names of men. +See how you translated the name of this king in [Isaiah 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# Sennacherib + +This is the name of the king of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sennacherib ... attacked all the fortified cities + +Here Sennacherib represents himself and his army. AT: "Sennacherib and his army ... attacked all the fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the chief commander + +Some versions of the Bible translate this as "the Rabshakeh." This is the Assyrian word for one of the highest ranking military leaders in Assyria. + +# Lachish + +This is a city southwest of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# conduit + +man-made ditch or tunnel through which water flows. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). + +# the launderers' field + +Possible meanings are 1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or 2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, "the launderers' field" or "the field where men wash wool" or "the field where women wash clothes." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the launderers' field + +Launderer are either 1) men who wash wool that someone has cut from the sheep, "wool washers field," or 2) women who wash dirty clothes, "clothes washers field." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hilkiah ... Eliakim + +See how you translated these men's names in [Isaiah 22:20](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shebna + +See how you translated this man's name in [Isaiah 22:15](../22/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Asaph ... Joah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/04.md b/isa/36/04.md index fb0275ab38..369d8c1ab1 100644 --- a/isa/36/04.md +++ b/isa/36/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# said to them -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"said to Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah" -## translationNotes +# What is the source of your confidence? -* **said to them** - "said to Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah" -* **What is the source of your confidence?** - The king of Assyria uses this question to challenge Hezekiah that he does not have a good source for confidence. AT: "You have no reliable source for your confidence." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Now in whom are you trusting? Who has give you courage to rebel against me?** - The king of Assyria uses questions to ridicule Hezekiah for believing he has the strength to rebel. AT: "No matter in whom you trust, you will not have the courage to rebel against me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The king of Assyria uses this question to challenge Hezekiah and to say that he does not have a good source for confidence. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "You have no reliable source for your confidence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# there is counsel and strength for war + +"you have the council and the strength to go to war." The phrase "strength for war" refers to having a large enough and strong enough army with weapons. AT: "you have enough military council, strong men, and weapons to go to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now in whom are you trusting? Who has given you courage to rebel against me? + +The king of Assyria uses questions to ridicule Hezekiah for believing he has the strength to rebel. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "No matter in whom you trust, you will not have the courage to rebel against me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/06.md b/isa/36/06.md index 4f9ff5aa2d..5a3d2f607b 100644 --- a/isa/36/06.md +++ b/isa/36/06.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This continues the king of Assyria's message to Hezekiah. The chief commander is speaking the message to Hezekiah's men. (See: [Isaiah 36:4-5](./04.md)) -## translationNotes +# Look -* 5]]) -* **you trust in the walking stick of this bruised reed of Egypt, but if a man leans it will stick into his hand and pierce it** - The bruised reed of Egypt refers to Pharaoh and the armies of Egypt. The Rabshakeh warns Hezekiah that Egypt will not be able to help and will cause Judah harm. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bruised reed** - A reed is the long, thin stem of a plant like tall grass. If it is bruised (damaged) it cannot carry any weight. -* **is not he the one whose shrines and altars Hezekiah has taken away, …?** - The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule the people and to imply that Yahweh was angry about what Hezekiah did and would not protect them. AT: “He is the one whose shrines and altars Hezekiah has taken away …“ or “He is the one whom Hezekiah insulted by tearing down his shrines and altars” (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **has said to Judah and to Jerusalem, 'You must worship before this altar in Jerusalem** - “has said to the people of Judah and Jerusalem that they must worship only at the altar in Jerusalem.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) +Sennacherib uses this word to draw Hezekiah's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" + +# trusting in Egypt + +Here "Egypt" refers to the Egyptian army. AT: "trusting in the Egyptian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that splintered reed that you use as a walking staff, but if a man leans on it, it will stick into his hand and pierce it + +This speaks of Egypt, specifically its army and its Pharaoh, as if it were a splintered reed to emphasize that relying on them would not help them but would only harm them. AT: "that is like walking with a splintered reed for a staff. If a man leans on it, it will stick into his hand and pierce it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# splintered reed + +A reed is the long, thin stem of a plant like tall grass. If it is splintered or damaged it cannot carry any weight. + +# walking staff + +This is a stick that someone would use for support when walking, made of whatever kind of tree limb that is found along the way. + +# is not he the one whose high places and altars Hezekiah has taken away ... Jerusalem"? + +The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule the people and to imply that Yahweh was angry about what Hezekiah did and would not protect them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "he is the one whose high places and altars Hezekiah has taken away ... Jerusalem." or "he is the one whom Hezekiah insulted by tearing down his high places and altars ... Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has said to Judah and to Jerusalem, "You must worship before this altar in Jerusalem"? + +This can be written as an indirect quote. "Judah" and "Jerusalem" refer to the people who live in them. AT: "has told the people of Judah and Jerusalem that they must worship only at this altar in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/08.md b/isa/36/08.md index df69cb6e65..cb87dc14f2 100644 --- a/isa/36/08.md +++ b/isa/36/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This continues the king of Assyria's message to Hezekiah by speaking the message to Hezekiah's men. (See: [Isaiah 36:4-5](./04.md)) -## translationNotes +# two thousand horses -* 5]]) -* **two thousand horses** - "2,000 horses" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **if you are able to find riders for them** - Rabshakeh continues to ridicule Hezekiah and his army by implying that he did not have many soldiers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +"2,000 horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# if you are able to find riders for them + +The chief commander continues to ridicule Hezekiah and his army by implying that he did not have many soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/09.md b/isa/36/09.md index 59c727563f..516598b59c 100644 --- a/isa/36/09.md +++ b/isa/36/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This continues the king of Assyria's message to Hezekiah by speaking the message to Hezekiah's men. (See: [Isaiah 36:4-5](./04.md)) -## translationNotes +# How could you resist even one captain ... servants? -* 5]]) -* **How could you resist even one captain** - The Rabshakeh continues to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. AT: "You could not even defeat one captain" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Now then, have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this land and destroy it?** - The Rabshakeh uses another question to ridicule Hezekiah and the people of Judah. AT: "I came here with Yahweh's command to destroy Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The chief commander continues to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. When he says "you," referring to Hezekiah, he is actually referring to Hezekiah's army. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "Your army could not even defeat one captain ... servants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now then, have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this land and destroy it? + +The chief commander uses another question to ridicule Hezekiah and the people of Judah. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "I came here with Yahweh's command to destroy Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# without Yahweh + +Here "Yahweh" refers to Yahweh's orders. AT: "without Yahweh's command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against this land and destroy it ... Attack this land and destroy it + +This means to fight against the people and cause destruction in the place where they live. The land referred to here is Jerusalem. AT: "against this people and destroy their land ... Attack these people and destroy their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/11.md b/isa/36/11.md index 0a6612f77a..5eec502c6c 100644 --- a/isa/36/11.md +++ b/isa/36/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliakim ... Hilkiah ... Shebnah -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +See how you translated these men's names in [Isaiah 22:20](../22/20.md). -## translationNotes +# Shebnah -* **Eliaim...Hilkiah...Shebnah** - See how you translated these names of men in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:22:20]] and [[:en:bible:notes:isa:22:15]]. -* **Joah...chief commander** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:isa:36:01]]. -* **Please speak to your servants** - Eliakim, Shebnah, and Joah refer to themselves as the chief commander's servants. This is a polite way to speak to someone who has greater authority. -* **Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words?** - the chief commander uses a question to emphasize that his message is for all the people of Judah. AT: "Certainly, my master has sent me to speak this message to you and to all who can hear." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Has he not sent me to the men who sit on the wall, who will have to ...?** - the chief commander continues using a question for emphasis. AT: "My master has sent me to everyone who hears this, who will have to ...." +See how you translated this man's name in [Isaiah 22:15](../22/15.md). + +# Joah ... chief commander + +See how you translated this man's name and the phrase "chief commander" the same as you did in [Isaiah 36:2-3](./01.md). + +# Please speak to your servants + +Eliakim, Shebnah, and Joah refer to themselves as the chief commander's servants. This is a polite way to speak to someone who has greater authority. + +# the Aramean language, Aramaic + +"Aramean" is the name of a people group. "Aramaic" is the name of their language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the ears of the people who are on the wall + +The idiom "to speak in someone's ear" means to speak where they can hear you. AT: "where the people who are on the wall may hear us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who are on the wall + +This means that they are standing on the wall. The top of the wall was wide and a place where people could sit or stand. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "who are standing on the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words? + +The chief commander uses this question to emphasize that his message is for all the people of Judah. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "Certainly, my master has sent me to speak this message to you and to all who can hear." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Has he not sent me to the men who sit on the wall, who will have to ... you? + +The chief commander uses this question to emphasize his insult. This can be written as a statement. AT: "My master has sent me to everyone who hears this, who will have to ... you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine with you + +This is a very offensive statement. He is implying that they will need to eat these things because they will have nothing else to eat because their city will be under attack. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "will soon need to eat their own dung and drink their own urine, just as you will, because you will have nothing else to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/13.md b/isa/36/13.md index f574add8c5..c4a5f53eed 100644 --- a/isa/36/13.md +++ b/isa/36/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the chief commander -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 36:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria -* **the chief commander** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:36:01]]. -* **this city will not be handed over to the king of Assyria** - AT: "Yahweh will not give Jerusalem over to the king of Assyria" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will not give Jerusalem into the hand of the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hand of the king + +The king's "hand" refers to his "control." AT: "the control of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/16.md b/isa/36/16.md index edf21fe817..2343d6db67 100644 --- a/isa/36/16.md +++ b/isa/36/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +The chief commander continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Make peace with me -* The Rabshakeh continues speaking to the people of Judah. -* **until I come** - AT: "until my army comes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This idiom means to agree officially to act peacefully towards one another. AT: "Let us agree to have peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# come out to me + +This idiom means to surrender. AT: "surrender to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# until I come and take + +Here the king of Assyria is referring to his army as himself. AT: "until my army comes and takes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards + +These two phrase have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how prosperous the land will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a land of grain ... a land of bread + +This means that they land is full of natural resources, such as grain. AT: "a land where there is plenty of grain ... a land where there is plenty of bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/18.md b/isa/36/18.md index 03b62ca683..c86d7734a5 100644 --- a/isa/36/18.md +++ b/isa/36/18.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The chief commander continues speaking the king of Assyria's message to the people of Judah. (See: [Isaiah 36:16](./16.md)) -## translationNotes +# Has any of the gods of the peoples rescued them from ... Assyria? -* The Rabshakeh continues speaking the king of Assyria's message to the people of Judah. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:36:16]]) -* **Has any of the gods of the peoples rescued them from ...?** - AT: "None of the gods of the peoples rescued them from...." In 36:18-20 the Rebshakeh uses questions to ridicule the people of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they rescued Samaria from my power?** - AT: "The gods of Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, and Samaria did not rescue their people from my power." -* **Hamath...Arpad** - See how you translated these cities in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:10:07]]. -* **Sepharvaim** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **is there any god who has rescued** - AT: "there is no god who has rescued" -* **as if Yahweh could save Jerusalem from my power?** - AT: "and Yahweh will not save you in Jerusalem from my power." +The chief commander uses this question to ridicule the people of Judah. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "None of the gods of the peoples rescued them from ... Assyria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the hand of the king + +The king's control is referred to as his "hand." AT: "the control of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they rescued Samaria from my power? + +The chief commander uses these questions to ridicule the people of Judah. These questions may be combined and written as a statement. AT: "The gods of Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, and Samaria did not rescue their people from my power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Hamath ... Arpad + +Translate the names of these cities the same as you did in [Isaiah 10:09](../10/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sepharvaim + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# is there any god who has rescued ... as if Yahweh could save Jerusalem from my power? + +The chief commander uses this question to ridicule the people of Judah. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "there is no god who has rescued ... and Yahweh will not save you in Jerusalem from my power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his land + +This refers to the people who live in the land. AT: "his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/21.md b/isa/36/21.md index 7833bd9690..5c62d1a93c 100644 --- a/isa/36/21.md +++ b/isa/36/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliakim ... Hilkiah ... Shebna ... Joah ... Asaph -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [Isaiah 36:03](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# over the household -* **Eliakim...Hilkiah...Shebna...Joah...Asaph** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:36:01]]. -* **with their clothes torn** - Hezekiah's officials tore their clothes as a sign of mourning and distress. +This idiom means that he was in charge of the affairs of the palace household. AT: "in charge of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with their clothes torn + +Hezekiah's officials tore their clothes as a sign of mourning and distress. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "with their clothes torn because they were extremely distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/intro.md b/isa/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee293dc907 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Isaiah 36 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The previous chapters have been constructed as prophecy and contain many poetic elements. This chapter switches to a narrative and is a discussion between the officials from Assyria and Judah. To make the meaning clear here, it may be helpful to set apart the extended quotations through the use of indentation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### + +The people of Judah were to trust in Yahweh because only he could provide them with protection. The people of Jerusalem were protected because they trusted in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +The Assyrian commanders use rhetorical questions in this chapter to mock or insult Judah and their God, Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/01.md b/isa/37/01.md index b8d4b06a3d..40b385136b 100644 --- a/isa/37/01.md +++ b/isa/37/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:amoz]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# he tore his clothes, covered himself with sackcloth -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **he tore his clothes** - This is a sign of mourning and distress. -* ** Eliakim...Shebna** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:36:01]]. +This is a sign of mourning and distress. AT: "he tore his clothes and covered himself with sackcloth because he was very distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Eliakim ... Shebna + +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [Isaiah 36:03](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# over the household + +This is an idiom that means that he was in charge of the affairs of the palace household. AT: "in charge of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all covered with sackcloth + +This is a sign of mourning and distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/03.md b/isa/37/03.md index 59b2300c31..cffbb7949d 100644 --- a/isa/37/03.md +++ b/isa/37/03.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# They said to him -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"The men sent by Hezekiah said to Isaiah" -## translationNotes +# like when a child is ready to be born, but the mother has no strength to give birth to her child -* **They said to him** - "The men sent by Hezekiah said to Isaiah" -* **like when a child is ready to be born, but the mother has no strength to give birth to her child** - This emphasizes that they are in a time of extreme difficulty. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **It may be Yahweh your God will hear the words** - AT: "Maybe if you pray to Yahweh your God he will hear the message" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the chief commander** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:36:01]]. -* **and will rebuke the words which Yahweh your God has heard** - “and Yahweh your God will rebuke him” +This comparison is made to emphasizes that they are in a time of extreme difficulty. AT: "It is as terrible as the day when a child is ready to be born, but the mother has no strength to give birth to her child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# It may be Yahweh your God will hear the words + +Hezekiah is indirectly suggesting that if the people pray Yahweh may listen and act upon what the chief commander had said. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Maybe if you pray to Yahweh your God will hear the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the chief commander + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 36:2](../36/01.md). + +# his master + +This phrase means that the king is the chief commander's master. + +# will rebuke the words which Yahweh your God has heard + +Here the phrase "the words which Yahweh your God has heard" refers to what the king of Assyria had said. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh your God will rebuke the king of Assyria for what he has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lift up your prayer + +Praying to Yahweh is described this way to emphasize that Yahweh is in heaven. A prayer is spoken of as if they were objects that could be lifted high into the sky. AT: "pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the remnant that is still here + +This refers to the people who are left in Jerusalem. AT: "for the few of us that are still here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/05.md b/isa/37/05.md index 02bc24fc83..c6172fff00 100644 --- a/isa/37/05.md +++ b/isa/37/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will put a spirit in him, and he will hear a certain report and go back to his own land -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The phrase "put a spirit in him" means that God will influence him to make a specific decision. The word "spirit" here means a strong attitude or feeling. AT: "I will influence him so that when he hears a certain report, he will go back to his own land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Look -* **I will put a spirit in him** - Here "spirit" refers to an attitude or feeling. God will make the king of Assyria decide to leave. +This word is used here to draw the peoples' attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land + +The phrase "fall by the sword" is an idiom that means that his enemy will kill him with a sword. AT: "And there in his own land, I will cause his enemies to kill him with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/08.md b/isa/37/08.md index 32c3f797d0..191ef9b3cc 100644 --- a/isa/37/08.md +++ b/isa/37/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Lachish -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +See how you translated the name of this city in [Isaiah 36:2](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Sennacherib -* **the chief commander...Lachish...Sennacherib** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:isa:36:01]]. -* **Libnah** - A city in southern Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Tirhakah** - This is the name of a man. -* **Jerusalem will not be given over into the hand of the king of Assyria** - AT: "The king of Assyria and his army will not conquer you in Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Libnah + +This is a city in southern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tirhakah king of Cush and Egypt had mobilized to fight against him + +"Tirhakah" is the name of a man. He had mobilized his army so that they were ready to fight. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Tirhakah king of Cush and Egypt had mobilized his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to fight against him + +The word "him" represents Sennacherib. Here Sennacherib represents his army. AT: "to fight against the army of Sennacherib" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jerusalem will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria + +This can be stated in active form. The word "hand" refers to the king's military power. AT: "The king of Assyria and his army will not conquer you in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/11.md b/isa/37/11.md index e677fc60d7..bd34b6d2e4 100644 --- a/isa/37/11.md +++ b/isa/37/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +This continues the king of Assyria's message to Hezekiah. -## translationNotes +# See, you have heard -* This continues the king of Assyria's message to Hezekiah. -* **So will you be rescued?** - The king of Assyria uses a questions in 37:11-13 to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. AT: "So you too will not be saved." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Have the gods of the nations rescued them** - AT: "The gods of the nations have not rescued them" -* **Gozan… Haran… Rezeph… Eden…Telassar…Hena… Ivvah** - These are towns and kingdoms which Assyria had conquered. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Where are the king** - AT: "We also conquered the king" -* **Hamath...Arpad...Sepharvaim** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:isa:36:18]]. +The word "see" here is used to add emphasis to what is said next. AT: "You have certainly heard" + +# So will you be rescued? + +The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. This may be written as a statement. AT: "So you too will not be saved." or "So of course no one will rescue you either!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have the gods of the nations rescued them ... Tel Assar? + +The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. This may be written as a statement. AT: "The nations' god did not rescue the nations that my fathers destroyed ... Tel Assar!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that my fathers destroyed + +These men destroyed the cities listed by conquering them with their armies. Here the word "fathers" refers to his father and his other ancestors who were kings. AT: "that my fathers destroyed with their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Gozan ... Haran ... Rezeph ... Eden ... Tel Assar ... Hena ... Ivvah + +These are places that the Assyrians had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Where is the king ... Ivvah? + +The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. This may be written as a statement. AT: "We also conquered the king ... Ivvah!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Hamath ... Arpad ... Sepharvaim + +Translate the names of these cities the same as you did in [Isaiah 36:19](../36/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/14.md b/isa/37/14.md index 808343ec6c..171898c64e 100644 --- a/isa/37/14.md +++ b/isa/37/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# from hand of the messengers -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Here the messengers are referred to by their "hand" to emphasize that they personally gave it to the king. AT: "that the messengers gave him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# he went up to the house of Yahweh -* **You made the heavens and the earth** - AT: "You made everything" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +The house of Yahweh was at the highest place in Jerusalem, so it is spoken of as "up." + +# spread it before him + +"spread out the letter in front of Yahweh." Being in the house of Yahweh is considered the same as being in Yahweh's presence. The letter was a scroll that could be unrolled and spread out. + +# you who sit above the cherubim + +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you are God alone + +"only you are God" + +# over all the kingdoms + +This idiom means to have authority and to rule over all the kingdoms. AT: "have authority over all the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You made the heavens and the earth + +This means that he created everything. AT: "You made everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/17.md b/isa/37/17.md index 8441dc5aad..5a046a2ac5 100644 --- a/isa/37/17.md +++ b/isa/37/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# which he has sent -* Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh. -* **Turn your ear, O Yahweh, and listen. Open your eyes, O Yahweh, and see, and hear the words** - Hezekiah pleads for Yahweh to see and hear what the king of Assyria is saying against Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Sennacherib** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:36:01]]. +Hezekiah is referring to the letter from Sennacherib. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "in the message he has sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Turn your ear + +"Incline your ear" or "Turn your head." This means to turn your head so that you can hear something better. + +# Sennacherib + +See how you translated this man's name in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the nations and their lands + +This is a generalization. The kings had destroyed many of the nearby lands, but not necessarily all lands. AT: "many of the nations and their lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/19.md b/isa/37/19.md index f020220cb4..a622c29fde 100644 --- a/isa/37/19.md +++ b/isa/37/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# for they were not gods but the work of men's hands, just wood and stone -* Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh. -* **for they were not gods but the work of men’s hands, just wood and stone** - "because they were false gods that men made out of wood and stone” +This emphasizes that humans made these idols with their own hands and are therefore worthless. AT: "because they were false gods that men made out of wood and stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from his power + +"from the king of Assyria's power" + +# all the kingdoms + +This refers to the people in the kingdoms. AT: "all the people in the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you are Yahweh alone + +"only you, Yahweh, are God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/21.md b/isa/37/21.md index a95f11a18b..7491695415 100644 --- a/isa/37/21.md +++ b/isa/37/21.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# sent a message -* [[en:tw:amoz]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This means that he sent a messenger to give a message to the king. AT: "sent someone to give a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# is the word that Yahweh has spoken -* **The virgin daughter of Zion...the daughter of Jerusalem** - Both of these phrases refer to the people of Jerusalem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:07]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Whom have you defied and insulted? And against whom have you exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel.** - Yahweh uses questions to ridicule the king of Assyria. AT: "You have rebelled against, and spoken against, and lifted yourself above Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"is what Yahweh has said" + +# laughs you to scorn + +"laughs at you" or "makes fun of you" + +# shakes her head + +This is a gesture of scorn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# The virgin daughter of Zion ... the daughter of Jerusalem + +These are idioms. Both of these phrases have the same meaning. The "daughter" of a city means the people who live in the city. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "The people of Zion ... the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Whom have you defied and insulted? ... Against the Holy One of Israel. + +Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to ridicule the king of Assyria. These can be written as statements. AT: "You have defied and insulted Yahweh, you have shouted at and acted pridefully against the Holy One of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# have you exalted your voice + +This refers to speaking loudly as if the person's voice were an object that they lifted high. AT: "have you shouted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lifted up your eyes in pride + +This is an idiom that means to look at something pridefully, considering yourself more important that you should. AT: "looked at pridefully" or "acted pridefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/24.md b/isa/37/24.md index 0414bd8292..9318925438 100644 --- a/isa/37/24.md +++ b/isa/37/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fir]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This continues Yahweh's message to the king of Assyria. -## translationNotes +# By your servants -* This continues Yahweh's message to the king of Assyria. -* **I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet** - This means even the rivers could not stop the army of Assyria from marching into Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This refers to to the servants that he had sent to Hezekiah with a message. This can be stated clearly. AT: "In the messages you sent with your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have gone ... I will cut ... I will enter ... I have dug ... I dried ... my feet + +Here Sennacherib speaks of himself conquering many things. He is actually conquering them with the armies and chariots that he commands. AT: "We have gone ... We will cut ... we will enter ... We have dug ... we dried ... our feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# its tall cedars + +"Lebanon's tall cedars" + +# its most fruitful forest + +Here the word "fruitful" refers to the forest being dense and full of healthy trees. The understood information may be supplied. AT: "and into its most fruitful forest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet + +Here Sennachrib is exaggerating his conquest and travels across the rivers of Egypt by claiming to have dried up the rivers when he marched his army through them. AT: "I have marched through all the rivers of Egypt as if they were dry under my feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/26.md b/isa/37/26.md index 7eab722731..e0e5ff563c 100644 --- a/isa/37/26.md +++ b/isa/37/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This continues Yahweh's message to the king of Assyria. -## translationNotes +# Have you not heard how ... times? -* This continues Yahweh's message to the king of Assyria. -* **Have you not heard how...?** - Yahweh assumes Sennacherib should know this. AT: "Certainly you have heard how ...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **They are plants in the field, green grass, the grass of the roof or of the field, before the east wind** - This emphasizes how weak the people are before the army of Assyria. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **before the east wind** - The east wind is hot and dry from the desert and plants die when it blows. +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to remind Sennacherib of information that he should already be aware of. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Certainly you have heard how ... times." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You are here to reduce impregnable cities into heaps of ruins + +Yahweh had planned for Sennacherib's army to destroy the cities that they had destroyed. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I planned that your army would destroy cities and cause them to become piles of rubble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# impregnable + +strong and heavily guarded + +# of little strength + +"who are weak" + +# shattered + +"discouraged" + +# I am bringing it to pass + +The idiom "to bring something to pass" means to cause a specific thing to happen. AT: "I am causing it to happen" or "I am causing these things to take place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They are plants in the field, green grass, the grass on the roof or in the field, before the east wind + +This speaks of how weak and vulnerable the cities are before the Assryian army by comparing the cities to grass. AT: "The cities are as weak as the grass in the fields before your armies. They are as weak as the grass that grows on the roofs of houses and is scorched by the hot east wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before the east wind + +The east wind is hot and dry from the desert and plants die when it blows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/28.md b/isa/37/28.md index 3faf80e3c5..56b120f7de 100644 --- a/isa/37/28.md +++ b/isa/37/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +This continues Yahweh's message to the king of Assyria. -## translationNotes +# But I know your sitting down, your going out, your coming in -* This continues Yahweh's message to the king of Assyria. -* **But I know your sitting down, your going out, your coming in, and your raging against me** - “I know everything you do and your words of anger against me” -* **I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth** - A person uses a hook and bit to lead an animal around. This emphasizes that God completely controls what the king of Assyria will do. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to all activities of life. AT: "I know everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# and your raging against me + +The word "raging" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "how you rage against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your arrogance + +Here the king's "arrogance" refers to his arrogant speech. AT: "your arrogant speech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your arrogance has reached my ears + +This speaks of Yahweh hearing the king's speech as if the king's speech were something that traveled to his ear. AT: "I have heard you speaking arrogantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth + +A person uses a hook and bit to lead an animal around. This speaks of Yahweh controlling the king as if the king were an animal Yahweh controlled with a bit and hook. AT: "I will control you like a man controls his animal by place a hook in its nose and a bit in its mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will turn you back the way you came + +This refers to causing the king to return to his own home country. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "I will force you to return to your own country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/30.md b/isa/37/30.md index cba7a05267..de270cbf1a 100644 --- a/isa/37/30.md +++ b/isa/37/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +This continues Yahweh's message to Hezekiah. (See: [Isaiah 37:21](./21.md)) -## translationNotes +# sign for you -* This continues Yahweh's message to Hezekiah. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:37:21]]) -* **sign for you** - Here "you" is singular and refers to Hezekiah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **you will eat...you must plant** - Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Judah. +"sign for you, Hezekiah." Here "you" is singular and refers to Hezekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you will eat ... you must plant + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# second year + +"2nd year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the second year what grows + +This describes what the people will eat. AT: "in the second year you will eat what grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# what grows from that + +"what grows wild from that" or "what grows wild" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/31.md b/isa/37/31.md index 9b88e0ae9e..98800d84ff 100644 --- a/isa/37/31.md +++ b/isa/37/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This continues Yahweh's message to Hezekiah. -## translationNotes +# remnant -* This continues Yahweh's message to Hezekiah. -* **the house of Judah** - "the descendants of Judah" -* **will again take root and bear fruit** - Yahweh compares the coming prosperity of the people of Judah to the plantings they will do. AT: "will prosper like a plant that takes root and produces fruit" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For from Jerusalem a remnant will come out; from Mount Zion survivors will come** - These mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +A "remnant" is a part of something that remains after the rest is gone. Here this refers to the people who are left in Judah. + +# the house of Judah + +Here Judah's "house" refers to his descendants. AT: "the descendants of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will again take root and bear fruit + +This speaks of the people of Judah becoming prosperous as if they were plants that would root and bear fruit. AT: "will prosper like a plant that takes root and produces fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For from Jerusalem a remnant will come out; from Mount Zion survivors will come + +These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the remnant of people who will survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this + +This speaks of Yahweh doing something because of his zeal as if his "zeal" were actually doing the action. AT: "Because of his zeal, Yahweh of hosts will do this" or "Yahweh of hosts will do this because of his zeal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/33.md b/isa/37/33.md index b6a92473db..ba5fa9e161 100644 --- a/isa/37/33.md +++ b/isa/37/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He will not come ... He will not come -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the Assyrian king refers to both him and his army. AT: "His army will not come ... They will not come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# with shield -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. +"with shields" + +# siege ramp + +a large mound of dirt built against the wall of a city that better enables an army to attach the city + +# he came ... he will not enter + +Here the Assyrian king refers to both him and his army. AT: "they came ... they will not enter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/35.md b/isa/37/35.md index e43308420b..a7a064c7ae 100644 --- a/isa/37/35.md +++ b/isa/37/35.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# sake -* Yahweh continues speaking. +"cause" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/36.md b/isa/37/36.md index 0f0b112c94..c20b37da7a 100644 --- a/isa/37/36.md +++ b/isa/37/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# putting to death -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This idiom means to kill. AT: "killing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# 185,000 soldiers -* **185,000** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Sennacherib** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:36:01]]. +"one hundred and eighty-five thousand soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Sennacherib king of Assyria left Israel and went home and stayed in Nineveh + +Here Sennacherib refers to both him and his army. They all left Israel and returned home to Assryia. Sennacherib returned to the city Nineveh. AT: "Sennacherib and his army left Israel and went home, and Sennacherib stayed in Nineveh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Sennacherib + +See how you translated this man's name in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/38.md b/isa/37/38.md index b706446ec9..6de76ecbee 100644 --- a/isa/37/38.md +++ b/isa/37/38.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# as he was worshiping -* [[en:tw:ararat]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"as Sennacherib was worshiping" -## translationNotes +# Nisrok -* **as he was worshiping** - "as Sennacherib was worshiping" -* **Nisroch** - This is the name of a false god. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Adrammelech … Sharezer … Esarhaddon** - These are the names of men. +This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adrammelek ... Sharezer ... Esarhaddon + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with the sword + +"with their swords" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/intro.md b/isa/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc7158f44d --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Isaiah 37 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 37:22-38, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tearing clothes and putting on sackcloth ##### +This was a sign of great distress. While it is often accompanies repentance, in this chapter it is intended to show the king's anger at the blasphemy of the Assyrians when they spoke against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]]) + +##### Prayer ##### +Hezekiah was different from the other kings because when he was threatened by Assyria, he went to Yahweh in prayer. He did not trust in his army or make an alliance with Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/01.md b/isa/38/01.md index 5f5505773e..32741dc65d 100644 --- a/isa/38/01.md +++ b/isa/38/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Set your house in order -* [[en:tw:amoz]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means to prepare your family and those in charge of your affairs so that they know what to do after you die. This can be written clearly. AT: "You should tell the people in your palace what you want them to do after you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# call to mind -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This idiom means to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# faithfully walked before you + +This is an idiom. Here "walk" means to "live." The phrase means to live in a way the pleases Yahweh. AT: "faithfully lived before you" or "faithfully served you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with my whole heart + +Here the "heart" refers to the inner-being which represents a person's complete devotion. AT: "with all my inner being" or "with my complete devotion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was good in your sight + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what pleases you" or "what you consider to be good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/04.md b/isa/38/04.md index 99b9d4a996..f577bcf754 100644 --- a/isa/38/04.md +++ b/isa/38/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# See -* **See, I will add fifteen years** - "Pay attention, I will add 15 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is used to ask the listener to pay attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# fifteen years + +"15 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the hand of the king of Assyria + +Here the king's "hand" refers to his power. AT: "the power of the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/07.md b/isa/38/07.md index 271f07ce68..3b1009da94 100644 --- a/isa/38/07.md +++ b/isa/38/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Hezekiah. -## translationNotes +# Look -* Yahweh continues speaking to Hezekiah. +Yahweh uses this word to draw the listener's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# stairs of Ahaz + +These stairs are referred to this way because they were built while Ahaz was king. You can make this information clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/09.md b/isa/38/09.md index b9eae0a384..0914bcc736 100644 --- a/isa/38/09.md +++ b/isa/38/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# that halfway through my life -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"that before I have grown old." This refers to dying at middle age, before growing old. -## translationNotes +# I will go through the gates of Sheol -* **I said that halfway through my life I will go through the gates of Sheol** - "I said that before I was old I was going to die." Also, 38:10 may be translated as questions. AT: "I said "will I die before I am old?'" -* **I am sent there for the rest of my years** - "before I have lived all of my years I will go to the grave." AT: "will I go to the grave before I have have lived all my years?" +This speaks of dying as if Sheol were a kingdom that has gates that one enters. AT: "I will die and go to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am sent there for the rest of my years + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "before I have lived all of my years I will go to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the land of the living + +"The living" refers to people who are alive. AT: "in the land where people are alive" or "in this world where people are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/12.md b/isa/38/12.md index 5e93000c72..f6bb2e98cc 100644 --- a/isa/38/12.md +++ b/isa/38/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -## translationNotes +# My life is removed and carried away from me like a shepherd's tent -* Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -* **My life is removed and carried away from me** - AT: "Yahweh has taken my life and carried it away from me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **like a shepherd’s tent** - This emphasizes that God has taken his life quickly and easily like someone removing a tent. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I have rolled up my life like a weaver; you are cutting me off from the loom** - Hezekiah compares his life quickly coming to an end to a weaver who cuts the threads from the loom and rolls up the cloth. -* **you are cutting** - Here "you" is singular and refers to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **loom** - a device used to weave thread together to make cloth. -* **Like a lion he breaks all my bones** - This emphasizes that Hezekiah was in extreme pain because God was taking his life away. +This speaks of how Yahweh is ending Hezekiah's life quickly by comparing it to how a shepherd removes his tent from the ground. AT: "Yahweh has taken my life away from me quickly like a shepherd packs up his tent and carries it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# My life is removed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has taken my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have rolled up my life like a weaver; you are cutting me off from the loom + +This speaks of Yahweh quickly ending Hezekiah's life by comparing it to how a weaver cuts his cloth from the loom and rolls it up. AT: "you are ending my life quickly, like a weaver cuts his cloth from the loom when it is finished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you are cutting + +Here "you" is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# loom + +a device used to weave thread together to make cloth + +# like a lion he breaks all my bones + +Hezekiah speaks of how he is in extreme pain by comparing it to having his body torn apart by lions. AT: "my pain was as though I were being torn apart by lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/14.md b/isa/38/14.md index da6267271a..254d1e8fc3 100644 --- a/isa/38/14.md +++ b/isa/38/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -## translationNotes +# Like a swallow I chirp; I coo like a dove -* Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -* **Like a swallow I chirp; I coo like a dove** - Both of these clauses mean the same thing and they emphasize how said and pitiful Hezekiah's cries were. A swallow and a dove are types of birds. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **I am oppressed** - AT: "My sickness is troubling me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **What shall I say?** - Hezekiah uses a question to emphasize he has nothing left to say. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **because my soul is overcome with grief** - AT: "because I am full of grief" or "because I am very sad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Both of these clauses mean the same thing and they emphasize how sad and pitiful Hezekiah's cries were. A swallow and a dove are types of birds. AT: "My cries are pitiful--they sound like the chirp of a swallow and the coo of a dove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my eyes + +Here Hezekiah refers to himself my his "eyes" to emphasize that he is looking for something. AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with looking upward + +This refers to Hezekiah looking to heaven for God to help him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "of waiting for help to come from heaven" or "of waiting for you to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am oppressed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My sickness oppresses me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What shall I say? + +Hezekiah uses a question to emphasize he has nothing left to say. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I have nothing left to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will walk slowly + +This is an idiom. Here "walking" refers to living. AT: "I will like humbly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all my years + +This refers to the rest of his life. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "the rest of my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because I am overcome with grief + +"because I am full of grief" or "because I am very sad" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/16.md b/isa/38/16.md index 0718e41080..9c2ef52b90 100644 --- a/isa/38/16.md +++ b/isa/38/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -## translationNotes +# may my life be given back to me -* Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -* **may my life be given back to me** - AT: "may you give my life back to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from the pit of destruction** - "from dying" (UDB) or "from Sheol" -* **for you have thrown all my sins behind your back** - This emphasizes that God has removed Hezekiah's sins and he no longer looks at them or remembers them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may you give my life back to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the pit of destruction + +Hezekiah did not die but he was close to dying. This refers Yahweh saving him from dying. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "from dying and going to the pit of destruction" or "so that I did not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for you have thrown all my sins behind your back + +Hezekiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his sins as if they were objects that Yahweh threw behind himself and forgot about. AT: "for you have forgiven all my sins and no longer think about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/18.md b/isa/38/18.md index 9d656aaec4..924f7d2364 100644 --- a/isa/38/18.md +++ b/isa/38/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -## translationNotes +# For Sheol does not thank you; death does not praise you -* Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -* **For Sheol does not thank you; death does not praise you** - Here "Sheol" and "death" refer to "dead people." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Those who go down into the pit** - "Those who go to Sheol" or "Those who go down to the grave" -* **do not hope in your trustworthiness** - "do not have hope in your faithfulness." Here "your" is singular and refers to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **The living person, the living person** - This is repeated for emphasis. ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "Sheol" and "death" refer to "dead people." AT: "For those in Sheol do not thank you; dead people do not praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who go down into the pit + +"those who go down to the grave" + +# do not hope in your trustworthiness + +"do not have hope in your faithfulness." Here "your" is singular and refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# The living person, the living person + +Hezekiah repeats this phrase to emphasize that only a living person, not a dead person, can give thanks to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/20.md b/isa/38/20.md index 1debe989b9..b47b93ae7a 100644 --- a/isa/38/20.md +++ b/isa/38/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -## translationNotes +# save me -* Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -* **save me** - "save me from dying" -* **we will celebrate** - Here "we" refers to Hezekiah and the people of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +This refers to him being saved from dying. It can be made more explicit. AT: "save me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we will celebrate + +Here "we" refers to Hezekiah and the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/21.md b/isa/38/21.md index e72af39ab3..0b4c352bf6 100644 --- a/isa/38/21.md +++ b/isa/38/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This gives background information about Isaiah and Hezekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Let them -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This gives background information about Isaiah and Hezekiah. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Let them** - "Let Hezekiah's servants" -* **take a lump of figs** - "make medicine from pressed figs" -* **boil** - a painful area on the skin that is infected +"Let Hezekiah's servants" + +# a lump of figs + +This was used as an ointment. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "use an ointment of mashed figs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# boil + +a painful area on the skin that is infected \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/intro.md b/isa/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d209d62dd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 38 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 38:10-20, which is an extended prayer. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Poetry ##### +This chapter is written as a narrative, but the section including Hezekiah's prayer is written as poetry. The tone of this prayer shifts from sorrow to praise. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/39/01.md b/isa/39/01.md index a035c902bd..75218c9267 100644 --- a/isa/39/01.md +++ b/isa/39/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Marduk-Baladan ... Baladan -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hezekiah was pleased by these things -* **Merodach Baladan...Baladan** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hezekiah was pleased by these things** - AT: "When the king's messengers arrived, Hezekiah was pleased with what they brought to him." ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **showed the messengers his storehouse of valuable things** - "he showed the messengers everything of value he had" -* **storehouse** - a building where goods are kept -* **There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them** - AT: "Hezekiah showed them many things in his house and in his kingdom." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This can be made more explicit. AT: "When the king's messengers arrived, Hezekiah was pleased with what they brought to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# showed the messengers his storehouse of valuable things + +"he showed the messengers everything of value he had" + +# storehouse + +a building where goods are kept + +# all that was found in his storehouses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that was in his storehouses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them + +This is a slight exaggeration as Hezekiah showed them many things, but not everything. Also, this can be expressed positively. AT: "Hezekiah showed them almost everything in his house and in his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/39/03.md b/isa/39/03.md index fd7cf54f06..84de83a37f 100644 --- a/isa/39/03.md +++ b/isa/39/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +These two sentences mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize how much Hezekiah showed the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# everything in my house -* **They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them** - AT: "I showed them all the valuable things I have in my palace" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This is a generalization, as Hezekiah showed them many things, but not necessarily everything in the palace. AT: "almost everything in my house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "I showed them all the valuable things in my palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/39/05.md b/isa/39/05.md index 88af9cf293..f2bbba0fa8 100644 --- a/isa/39/05.md +++ b/isa/39/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## translationNotes +# the word -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **when everything in your palace...will be carried to Babylon** - AT: "when the enemy army will take everything in your palace...back to Babylon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the message" + +# Look + +This word is used here to draw Hezekiah's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# when everything in your palace ... will be carried to Babylon + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "when the enemy army will take everything in your palace ... back to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/39/07.md b/isa/39/07.md index 94c615be12..de6e28fadb 100644 --- a/isa/39/07.md +++ b/isa/39/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Isaiah continues to speak Yahweh's message to Hezekiah. -## translationNotes +# The sons born from you -* Isaiah continues to speak Yahweh's message to Hezekiah. -* **they will take them away, and they** - "The Babylonians will take them away" +"Your sons" + +# they will take them + +"the Babylonians will take them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/39/intro.md b/isa/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d31cc2224 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Isaiah 39 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pride ##### +Although it is not said why it was sinful for Hezekiah to show the king of Babylon his riches, the sin was probably because of his pride. It can be viewed as bragging to another king about how rich and powerful he was without giving proper credit to Yahweh. Because of this sin, Yahweh punished him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Babylon ##### +At this time, Babylon was not very powerful, but was little more than a city. In a short time, however, Babylon became a very powerful nation and conquered Assyria. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/01.md b/isa/40/01.md index d330ad7c6d..b717c57378 100644 --- a/isa/40/01.md +++ b/isa/40/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Comfort, comfort -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "comfort" is repeated for emphasis. -## translationNotes +# says your God -* **Comfort, comfort** - The word "comfort" is repeated for emphasis. -* **says your God** - Here "your" is plural and refers to God's people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **to her that her warfare...her iniquity...she has** - Here "her" and "she" refers to the people of Jerusalem. -* **her warfare** - "their forced labor" or "their struggles" -* **from Yahweh's hand** - "from Yahweh." Yahweh is speaking about himself. AT: "from me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "your" is plural and refers to those whom the prophet tells to comfort God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Speak tenderly to Jerusalem + +The prophet speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a woman whom Yahweh has forgiven. As such, Jerusalem represents the people who live in that city. AT: Speak tenderly to the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# proclaim to her ... her warfare ... her iniquity ... she has received ... her sins + +These pronouns refer to Jerusalem but may be changed if "the people of Jerusalem" is adopted as a translation. AT: "proclaim to them ... their warfare ... their iniquity ... they have received ... their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# her warfare + +Possible meanings are that the word "warfare" refers 1) to military battle or 2) to forced labor. + +# her iniquity is pardoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has pardoned her iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from Yahweh's hand + +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/03.md b/isa/40/03.md index ba9ce5d1e6..b557a17f73 100644 --- a/isa/40/03.md +++ b/isa/40/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# A voice cries out -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "voice" represents the person who cries out. AT: "Someone cries out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# In the wilderness prepare the way of Yahweh; make straight in the Arabah a highway for our God -* **make straight in the Arabah a highway for our God** - Prepare yourselves to receive Yahweh when he comes, like people make a straight road for an important official. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in the Arabah** - See how you translated "Arabah" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:35:01]]. This clause means basically the same as the previous statement. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and the glory of Yahweh will be revealed** - AT: "and Yahweh will reveal his glory" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it** - AT: "for Yahweh has spoken it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These two lines are parallel and mean basically the same thing. The people preparing themselves for Yahweh's help is spoken of as if they were to prepare roads for Yahweh to travel upon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Arabah + +See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 35:1](../35/01.md). + +# Every valley will be lifted up, and every mountain and hill will be leveled + +These phrases explain how the people are to prepare a highway for Yahweh. They can be stated in active form. AT: "Lift up every valley, and level every mountain and hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Every valley will be lifted up + +Making the valleys level with the rest of the ground is spoken of as if it were lifting up the valleys. AT: "Every valley will be filled in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and the rugged land will be made level, and the rough places a plain + +These phrases explain how the people are to prepare a highway for Yahweh. They can be stated in active form. AT: "make the rugged land level, and make the rough places into a plain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the glory of Yahweh will be revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will reveal his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it + +The word "mouth" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "for Yahweh has spoken it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/06.md b/isa/40/06.md index df948c4053..1c93ea136b 100644 --- a/isa/40/06.md +++ b/isa/40/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# All flesh is grass -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "flesh" refers to people. The speaker speaks of humans as if they are grass, because they both die quickly. AT: "All people are like grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# all their covenant faithfulness is like the flower of the field -* **All flesh is grass** - The word "flesh" refers to people. This means that people are weak and will die. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **covenant faithfulness** - Possible meanings are 1) covenant faithfulness or 2) beauty. See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:16:05]]. -* **is like the flower of the field** - AT: "ends quickly like a flower of field" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **humanity is grass** - "people die as quickly as grass in the heat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the word of our God will stand forever** - "what God says will stand forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The speaker compares the covenant faithfulness of people to flowers that bloom and then die quickly. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). AT: "they quickly stop being faithful to the covenant, just like a flower of the field dies quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# covenant faithfulness + +Possible meanings are 1) covenant faithfulness or 2) beauty. + +# when the breath of Yahweh blows on it + +Possible meanings are 1) "when Yahweh blows his breath on it" or 2) "when Yahweh sends a wind to blow on it." + +# humanity is grass + +The speaker speaks of humans as if they are grass, because they both die quickly. AT: "people die as quickly as grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word of our God will stand forever + +The speaker speaks of what God says lasting forever as if his word stands forever. AT: "the things that our God says will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/09.md b/isa/40/09.md index 77cff6aa74..2952578cbc 100644 --- a/isa/40/09.md +++ b/isa/40/09.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Go up on a high mountain, Zion, bearer of good news -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The writer speaks of Zion as if it were a messenger who declares good news from a mountain top. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Go up on a high mountain -* **Go up on a high mountain** - "Get into a position where everyone around can hear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Zion** - AT: "you people of Zion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **lift up your voice with strength** - "shout loudly" -* **and his strong arm rules for him** - AT: "and he rules with power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his reward is with him, and his recompense goes before him** - Both of these clauses mean the same thing. AT: "he is bringing his reward with him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **his recompense goes before him** - "the payment for his efforts goes ahead of him." +Messengers would often stand on elevated land, such as mountains, so that many people could hear what they proclaimed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Zion + +This refers to the people who live in Zion. AT: "you people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jerusalem. You who bring good news + +The writer speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a messenger who declares good news. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# his strong arm rules for him + +Here the word "arm" represents God's power. AT: "he rules with great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his reward is with him ... those he has rescued go before him + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The ones he rescued are his "reward." AT: "he is bringing those he rescued with him as his reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/11.md b/isa/40/11.md index 3b3ef3f26d..4ea4d11938 100644 --- a/isa/40/11.md +++ b/isa/40/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He will feed his flock like a shepherd -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] - -## translationNotes - -* **He will feed his flock like a shepherd** - This emphasizes God's love and care for his people (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh's people as if they were sheep and of Yahweh as if he were their shepherd. AT: "He will care for his people like a shepherd feeds his flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/12.md b/isa/40/12.md index 52b2fc4539..bbcf039ec6 100644 --- a/isa/40/12.md +++ b/isa/40/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Who has measured ... or the hills in a balance? -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +These rhetorical questions anticipate a negative answer and emphasize that only Yahweh is able to do these things. AT: "No one but Yahweh has measured ... and the hills in a balance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# measured the waters in the hollow of his hand -* **Who has measured...or the hills in a balance** - These questions emphasize Yahweh's endless power and wisdom. AT: "No one but Yahweh has measured...and the hills in a balance."(See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh knowing how much water is in the oceans is spoken of as if Yahweh held the water in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# measured the sky with the span of his hand + +A "span" is the measure of length between the thumb and little finger when the hand is outstretched. Yahweh knowing the length of the sky is spoken of as if he measured it with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# held the dust of the earth in a basket + +Yahweh knowing how much dust there is on the earth is spoken of as if he carried it in a basket. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# weighed the mountains in scales, or the hills in a balance? + +Yahweh knowing how heavy the mountains are is spoken of as if he weighed them in scales and balances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/13.md b/isa/40/13.md index ecb72314f5..f9eed5ae55 100644 --- a/isa/40/13.md +++ b/isa/40/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues using questions to emphasize Yahweh's uniqueness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Who has comprehended the mind of Yahweh, or instructed him as his counselor? -* Isaiah continues using questions to emphasize God's endless power and wisdom (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who has comprehended the mind of Yahweh, or instructed him as his counselor?** - AT: "No one knows the mind of Yahweh, and no one can give him council." -* **From whom did he ever receive instruction?** - AT: "He has never received instruction from anyone." -* **Who taught him the correct way to do things, and taught him knowledge, or showed to him the way of understanding?** - AT: "No one taught him or gave him knowledge in the correct way to do things, or helped him to understand." +This rhetorical question anticipates a negative answer and emphasizes that no one is able to do these things. AT: "No one has comprehended the mind of Yahweh, and no one has instructed him as his counselor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# comprehended the mind of Yahweh + +Here the word "mind" refers not only to Yahweh's thoughts, but also to his desires and motivations. + +# From whom did he ever receive instruction? + +This rhetorical question anticipates a negative answer and emphasizes that no one has ever done this. AT: "He has never received instruction from anyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who taught him the correct way to do things, and taught him knowledge, or showed to him the way of understanding? + +This rhetorical question anticipates a negative answer and emphasizes that no one has ever done these things. AT: "No one taught him the correct way to do things. No one taught him knowledge. No one showed to him the way of understanding." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/15.md b/isa/40/15.md index c49afe3de1..4f91451e2d 100644 --- a/isa/40/15.md +++ b/isa/40/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Look ... see -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +These words add emphasis to what follows. -## translationNotes +# the nations are like a drop in a bucket, and are regarded like the dust on the scales -* **the nations are like a drop in a bucket, and are regarded like the dust on the scales** - This emphasizes that the nations are nothing before God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and are regarded like the dust on the scales** - AT: "and Yahweh regards them as dust on the scales" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they are regarded by him as nothing** - AT: "He regards them as nothing" +The prophet compares the nations to a drop of water and to dust in order to emphasize how small and insignificant they are to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a drop in a bucket + +Possible meanings are 1) a drop of water that falls into a bucket or 2) a drop of water that drops out of a bucket. + +# are regarded like the dust on the scales + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh regards them as dust on the scales" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they are regarded by him as nothing + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he regards them as nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/18.md b/isa/40/18.md index 7102a0a480..ca27e3f573 100644 --- a/isa/40/18.md +++ b/isa/40/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# To whom then will you compare God? To what idol will you liken him? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Isaiah uses two similar questions to emphasize that there is no idol that can compare with God. AT: "There is no one to whom you can compare God. There is no idol to which you can liken him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# you -* **To whom then will you compare God? To what idol will you liken him?** - Isaiah uses questions to mock the idols that the people worship. AT: "There is no one that compares to God and no idol that can represent him" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you** - This is plural and refers to all of God's people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **A craftsman casts it: the goldsmith overlays it with gold and forges silver chains for it** - "A skilled worker forms it, another covers it with gold, and makes a silver chain for it." +This is plural and refers to all of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# A craftsman casts it: The goldsmith overlays it with gold and forges silver chains for it + +"A skilled worker forms it, another covers it with gold and makes a silver chain for it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/21.md b/isa/40/21.md index dabe802169..8425b6e1c1 100644 --- a/isa/40/21.md +++ b/isa/40/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Isaiah continues speaking to God's people. -## translationNotes +# Have you not known? Have you not heard? Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood from the foundations of the earth? -* Isaiah continues speaking to God's people. -* **Have you not known? Have you not heard? Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood from the foundations of the earth?** - Isaiah uses these questions to emphasize that the people should know how great God is. AT: "You certainly do know and have heard! It has been told to you from the beginning; even from when God created the earth!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **He is the one who sits above the horizon of the earth** - AT: "God rules over the entire earth." -* **the inhabitants are like grasshoppers before him** - A grasshopper is a small insect. This emphasizes how small and weak people are before God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He stretches out the heavens like a curtain and spreads them out as a tent to live in** - This emphasizes God's power to create the heavens. +Isaiah uses these questions to emphasize that the people should know Yahweh's greatness as the creator. AT: "You certainly know and have heard! It has been told to you from the beginning; you have understood from the foundations of the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Has it not been told you from the beginning? + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Have people not told you from the beginning?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the foundations of the earth + +The prophet speaks of Yahweh creating the earth as if the earth were a building for which Yahweh laid the foundation. AT: "from the time that Yahweh created the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He is the one who sits above the horizon of the earth + +The prophet speaks of Yahweh ruling the earth as if Yahweh were seated on a throne above the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the inhabitants are like grasshoppers before him + +The prophet compares the way Yahweh considers humans to the way humans would consider grasshoppers. Just as grasshoppers are small to humans, humans are small and weak before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He stretches out the heavens like a curtain and spreads them out as a tent to live in + +These two lines share similar meanings. The prophet speaks of Yahweh creating the heavens as if he had erected a tent in which to live. AT: "He spreads out the heavens as easily as a person would stretch out a curtain or erect a tent in which to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/23.md b/isa/40/23.md index 2bea593fc9..418e852f91 100644 --- a/isa/40/23.md +++ b/isa/40/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He reduces -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +"Yahweh reduces" -## translationNotes +# They are barely planted ... and they wither -* **He reduces** - "God reduces" -* **they are barely planted…they have barely taken root in the earth** - Isaiah compares the rulers to a seed that is not planted firmly in the ground. This emphasizes they are insignificant before God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the wind blows them away like straw** - This emphasizes that God can easily defeat human rulers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The prophet speaks of rulers being helpless before Yahweh as if they were new plants that wither away when a hot wind blows on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They are barely planted, barely sown + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the point at which the plants or seeds are placed into the ground. They can be stated in active form. AT: "As soon as someone plants them ... as soon as someone sows them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he blows upon them + +The prophet speaks of Yahweh removing the rulers from power as if Yahweh were a scorching wind that blows upon the plants and causes them to wither. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wind carries them away like straw + +This simile extends the metaphor of the rulers as plants and Yahweh as the wind that causes them to wither. The wind of Yahweh's judgement will remove the withered plants as easily as wind blows away straw. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/25.md b/isa/40/25.md index 46d28dab08..ec0896f94e 100644 --- a/isa/40/25.md +++ b/isa/40/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# To whom then will you compare me, whom do I resemble? -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +Yahweh uses two similar rhetorical questions to emphasize that there is no one like him. AT: "There is no one to whom you can compare me. There is no one whom I resemble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Who has created all these stars? -* **To whom then will you compare me, who do I resemble?** - Here "you" is plural and refers to God's people. Yahweh uses a question for emphasis. AT: "There is no one who is like me!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who has created all these stars?** - Isaiah uses a question for emphasis. AT: "God has created all the stars!" +This is a leading question that anticipates the answer, Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh has created all these stars!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He leads out their formations + +Here the word "formations" refers to military formations. The prophet speaks of the stars as if they were soldiers whom Yahweh commands to appear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# By the greatness of his might and by the strength of his power + +The phrases "the greatness of his might" and "the strength of his power" form a doublet that emphasizes Yahweh's power. AT: "By his great might and powerful strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# not one is missing + +This negative statement emphasizes the positive. AT: "every one is present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/27.md b/isa/40/27.md index ca4f0c54f8..884b3f1ccb 100644 --- a/isa/40/27.md +++ b/isa/40/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do you say, Jacob, and declare, Israel ... vindication"? -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The question emphasizes that they should not say what they say. AT: "'You should not say, O people of Israel ... vindication'." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why do you say, Jacob, and declare, Israel -* **Why do you say, Jacob and declare, Israel** - This says the same thing twice for emphasis. AT: "Why do you say, O people of Israel." Isaiah uses a question for emphasis. AT: "You should not say, O people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **My way is hidden from Yahweh, and my God is not concerned about my vindication** - "Yahweh does not see us. He is not concerned to clear our blame" -* **Have you not known? Have you not heard?** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:40:21]]. +These two phrases both refer to the people of Israel. AT: "Why do you say, O people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# My way is hidden from Yahweh + +Yahweh not knowing what happens to them is spoken of as if Yahweh could not see the road upon which they travel. AT: "Yahweh does not know what happens to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my God is not concerned about my vindication + +Possible meanings are 1) "my God is not concerned about others treating me unjustly" or 2) "my God is not concerned about treating me justly." + +# Have you not known? Have you not heard? + +Isaiah uses these questions to emphasize that the people should know Yahweh's greatness. See how you translated these in [Isaiah 40:21](./21.md). AT: "You certainly know and have heard!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the ends of the earth + +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT "the farthest places of the earth" or "the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/29.md b/isa/40/29.md index 2bd605a8f4..7378344e29 100644 --- a/isa/40/29.md +++ b/isa/40/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He gives strength to the tired; and to the weak he gives renewed energy -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two lines share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh strengthens those who have no strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# He gives strength -* **He gives strength** - "Yahweh gives strength" -* **they will soar with wings like eagles** - An eagle is a bird often used as a symbol for strength and power. This means God will make his people strong. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Yahweh gives strength" + +# they will soar with wings like eagles + +People receiving strength from Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were able to fly like eagles fly. An eagle is a bird often used as a symbol for strength and power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will run and not be weary; they will walk and not faint + +These two lines share similar meanings. People receiving strength from Yahweh is spoken of as if they were able to run and walk without tiring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/intro.md b/isa/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e35b9d4e7e --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Isaiah 40 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Yahweh uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. These rhetorical questions help to prove the point he is making and convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "She has received double from Yahweh's hand for all her sins" ##### +It is common in many languages to use the feminine "she" to refer to a nation, rather than the word "it," which is neither masculine or feminine. The translator should use the pronoun that aligns with the common usage in the target language. Therefore, it is acceptable to use "he," "she," or "it" in reference to a nation. + +The phrase "received double" indicates that Jerusalem was punished more severely than the other nations. This is because they had the privilege of a special relationship to Yahweh and had more knowledge than the other nations. + +##### Reign of Yahweh ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. It does not appear that this prophecy was fulfilled in the days of Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/01.md b/isa/41/01.md index 215a8164a0..9890640d1e 100644 --- a/isa/41/01.md +++ b/isa/41/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen before me in silence -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here "me" refers to God. -## translationNotes +# you coastlands -* **Listen before me in silence** - Here "me" refers to God. -* **you coastlands** - This refers to the people who live on the islands and in the lands bordering or beyond the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **renew their strength** - "regain their courage" -* **let them come near and speak; let us come near together to argue a dispute** - “then let them come near so they may speak and reason with me” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Who stirred up this one from the east? Who calls him in good order to his service?** - Yahweh uses questions to emphasize he is in control of all nations. AT: “I am the one who called this powerful ruler from the east and put him in my good service” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He hands nations over to him** - "I give the nations over to the one from the east" -* **he makes them as the dust with his sword, as wind-blown stubble with his bow** - blown stubble with his bow** - This means the man from the east will easily destroy the people and kings of the nations. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This refers to the people who live on the islands and in the lands bordering or beyond the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# renew their strength + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 40:31](../40/29.md). + +# let them come near and speak; let us come near together to argue a dispute + +These two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains the reason for the first. AT: "then let them come near so they may speak and reason with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Who has stirred up one from the east, calling him in righteousness to his service? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who caused this ruler from the east to be victorious. AT: "I am the one who called this powerful ruler from the east and put him in my good service." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He hands nations over to him + +"I give the nations over to him" or "The one who does these things hands nations over to him" + +# He turns them to dust with his sword, like windblown stubble with his bow + +Turning them to dust and stubble is a metaphor or exaggeration for completely destroying everything the people of these nations have made. The armies of one from the east will conquer these nations and scatter the people easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/03.md b/isa/41/03.md index 237a30b67f..53a87fa92c 100644 --- a/isa/41/03.md +++ b/isa/41/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the coastlands and the nations. -## translationNotes +# He pursues them and passes by safely -* Yahweh continues speaking to the coastlands and the nations. -* **He pursues them and passes by safely** - "The powerful ruler from the east and his army pursue the nations, and the nations do not harm him" -* **by a swift path that his feet scarcely touch** - "and he and his army will even move quickly over paths they have never traveled before" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Who has performed and accomplished these deeds? Who has called forth the generations from the beginning? -* Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he is the one in control of all people and nations. AT: "I, Yahweh, the first, and with the last ones, I am he who performed and accomplished these deeds. I called forth the generations from the beginning." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the first, and with the last ones** - This means God has no beginning or ending. He is eternal. +"The ruler from the east pursues the nations" + +# by a swift path that his feet scarcely touch + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which he and his army moving very quickly is spoken of as if his feet barely touch the ground. AT: "by a path on which he moves with great speed" or 2) "feet" represents the whole person and the phrase indicates that this is a path that they have not traveled before. AT: "by a path that he has never traveled before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Who has performed and accomplished these deeds? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who has done these things. AT: "I have performed and accomplished these deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who has summoned the generations from the beginning? + +Here the word "generations" represents all of human history, which Yahweh created and directed throughout history. The rhetorical question anticipates the answer, Yahweh. AT: "I have summoned the generations of humanity from the beginning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# performed and accomplished + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the first, and with the last ones + +Possible meanings are 1) that Yahweh existed before creation and will exist at the end of creation or 2) that Yahweh was before the first generation of humanity and will be at the last generation of humanity. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/05.md b/isa/41/05.md index 6edc48fb94..4831332941 100644 --- a/isa/41/05.md +++ b/isa/41/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# The isles ... the ends of the earth -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **The isles** - You can translate "isles" the same way you did "coastlands" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:41:01]]. -* **anvil** - an iron block on which a person shapes metal with a hammer -* **They fasten it with nails so it will not topple over.** - Here "it" refers to the idol which they are repairing because they think it will protect them from Yahweh. +These phrases represent the people who live in those places. AT: "People who live on the isles ... people who live at the ends of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The isles + +You can translate "isles" the same way you translated "coastlands" in [Isaiah 41:1](./01.md). + +# the ends of the earth + +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. AT "the farthest places of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they approach and come + +This doublet means that the people gather together. AT: "they come together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# anvil + +an iron block on which a person shapes metal with a hammer + +# saying of the welding + +Here the word "welding" refers to the process of fastening the gold to the wood as the workers finish making the idol. + +# They fasten it with nails so it will not topple over. + +Here "it" refers to the idol that they have made. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/08.md b/isa/41/08.md index bd351bc62c..919e6c182c 100644 --- a/isa/41/08.md +++ b/isa/41/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# you whom I am bringing back from the ends of the earth, and whom I called from the far away places -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **you whom I am bringing back from the ends of the earth, and whom I called from the far away places** - These mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is bringing the people of Israel back to their land from distant countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the ends of the earth + +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:5](./05.md). AT "the farthest places of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have chosen you and not rejected you + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second states in negative terms what the first states in positive terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/10.md b/isa/41/10.md index 09066165d2..b64aef65fd 100644 --- a/isa/41/10.md +++ b/isa/41/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will uphold you with my righteous right hand -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I will uphold you with the right hand of my deserved victory** - Here "right hand" refers to God's power. AT: "I will support you with my powerful and righteous hand." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh strengthening his people is spoken of as if he were holding them with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my righteous right hand + +Here "right hand" represents Yahweh's power. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's right hand is righteous in that he will always do the right thing. AT: "my righteous power" or 2) Yahweh's right hand is victorious in that he will always succeed in what he does. AT: "my victorious power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/11.md b/isa/41/11.md index bbebdc7a34..b20c1c2eef 100644 --- a/isa/41/11.md +++ b/isa/41/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# they will be ashamed and disgraced, all who have been angry with you -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **they will** - "the people of the nations will" +"all who have been angry with you will be ashamed and disgraced" + +# ashamed and disgraced + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of their shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they will be as nothing and will perish, those who oppose you + +"those who oppose you will be as nothing and will perish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/12.md b/isa/41/12.md index f43c71fd60..43bb084083 100644 --- a/isa/41/12.md +++ b/isa/41/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I ... will hold your right hand -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **will hold your right hand** - This means God will be their strength and comforter. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh helping the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were holding their right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/14.md b/isa/41/14.md index 15e1264a56..61356c86e4 100644 --- a/isa/41/14.md +++ b/isa/41/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Jacob you worm, and you men of Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Jacob you worm, and you men of Israel** - Here "Jacob" and "men of Israel" mean the same thing. AT: “you descendants of Jacob who are small and weak” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. -* **Look, I am making you like a sharp threshing sledge, new and two-edged you will thresh the mountains and crush them; you will make the hills like chaff** - edged you will thresh the mountains and crush them; you will make the hills like chaff** - A threshing sledge was a board with sharp spikes that someone would drag over the wheat to separate the grain from the chaff. This means God will make the people strong enough to defeat their enemies. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **you will thresh the mountains and crush them** - Yahweh compares the power he will give Israel to a sledge that will tear down mountains. AT: "you will be so strong you will defeat powerful nations." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the mountains** - Yahweh compares the powerful nations to mountains. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "Jacob" and "men of Israel" mean the same thing. AT: "you people of Israel who are like worms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Jacob you worm + +Possible meanings are 1) that this refers to the opinions of other nations regarding the people of Israel or 2) that this refers to Israel's own opinion of themselves. Yahweh speaks of their insignificance as if they were a worm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Holy One of Israel + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). + +# I am making you like a sharp threshing sledge ... you will make the hills like chaff + +Yahweh speaks of enabling Israel to defeat their enemies as if he were making the nation a threshing sledge that will level mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a sharp threshing sledge + +A threshing sledge was a board with sharp spikes that someone would drag over the wheat to separate the grain from the chaff. + +# two-edged + +This refers to the edges of the spikes that were attached to the threshing sledge. That they are "two-edged" means that they are very sharp. + +# you will thresh the mountains and crush them + +This is a double metaphor. The mountains are a metaphor for grain, and threshing grain is a metaphor for the Israelites defeating the powerful enemy nations near them. AT: "you will thresh your enemies and crush them as if they were grain, even though they appear to be as strong as mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# you will make the hills like chaff + +The hills are a metaphor for the powerful enemy nations near Israel. People having the wind blow the chaff away after they have threshed the grain is a metaphor for them allowing Yahweh to destroy their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/16.md b/isa/41/16.md index 6f643da14c..f2dac69a84 100644 --- a/isa/41/16.md +++ b/isa/41/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to use the metaphor of separating grain from chaff to describe how Israel will defeat their enemies. -## translationNotes +# You will winnow them ... the wind will scatter them -* Yahweh continues describing to the people of Israel how they will defeat their enemies. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:41:14]]) -* **You will winnow them, and the wind will carry them away; the wind will scatter them.** - Yahweh tells the people of Israel they will defeat their enemies so completely that they will disappear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the word "them" refers to the mountains and hill in [Isaiah 41:15](./14.md). This represents the next step in the process of threshing grain, in which the grain is winnowed to get rid of the chaff. Israel's enemies will disappear like chaff blown away by the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wind will carry them away; the wind will scatter them + +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "the wind will blow them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/17.md b/isa/41/17.md index 3df80270ac..0bf77b6636 100644 --- a/isa/41/17.md +++ b/isa/41/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:water]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues speaking. +Yahweh speaks of people who are in extreme need as if they are extremely thirsty, and of his provision for them as if he caused water to appear in places where it normally would not appear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/19.md b/isa/41/19.md index 1aac54b880..a841077173 100644 --- a/isa/41/19.md +++ b/isa/41/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acacia]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fir]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# the myrtle ... the pines and the cypress box trees -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **the myrtle...the pine, and the cypress** - These are types of trees. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +These are types of trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the hand of Yahweh has done this + +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh has done this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/21.md b/isa/41/21.md index 645e4b3915..9c3cbb115c 100644 --- a/isa/41/21.md +++ b/isa/41/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Present your case," says Yahweh...how they were fulfilled** - Here Yahweh is mocking the people and their idols. He is challenging the idols to tell what will happen in the future, but he knows they cannot. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +In these verses, Yahweh is mocking the people and their idols. He is challenging the idols to tell what will happen in the future, but he knows they cannot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/23.md b/isa/41/23.md index e0290c62a6..64abd361cf 100644 --- a/isa/41/23.md +++ b/isa/41/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues to mock the idols and the people who worship them. (See: [Isaiah 41:21-22](./21.md)) -## translationNotes +# do something good or evil -* 22]]) -* **Do something good or evil** - AT: "Do anything at all" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **he who chooses you** - Here "you" is plural and refers to the idols. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +The words "good" and "evil" form a merism and represent anything. AT: "do anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the one who chooses you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the idols. AT: "the person who chooses you idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/25.md b/isa/41/25.md index cb01c1f0c8..c0da538966 100644 --- a/isa/41/25.md +++ b/isa/41/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# I have raised up one -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **I have raised up one** - "I have appointed and given the strength" -* **from the sun's rising** - AT: “from the east" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and he will trample the rulers like mud, like a potter who is treading on the clay** - This means this king and his army will defeat their enemy. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he will trample the rulers** - AT: "he will conquer the rulers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Who announced this from the beginning, that we might know? And before time, that we may say, 'He is right'?** - Yahweh uses questions to scold the people and their idols. AT: "I was the one who announced this a long time ago, so that you might know and say 'Yahweh is right.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Indeed none of them decreed it, yes, none heard you say anything** - "Certainly, none of your idols announced it. They did not say anything" +Yahweh speaks of appointing a person as if he raised that person up. AT: "I have appointed one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the sun's rising + +This refers to the east, the direction from which the sun rises. AT: "from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# him who calls on my name + +Possible meanings are 1) that this person invokes Yahweh for his success or 2) that this person worships Yahweh. + +# he will trample the rulers + +Conquering the rulers of other nations is spoken of as if it were trampling them under foot. AT: "he will conquer the rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a potter who is treading on the clay + +Yahweh compares the way in which this person will trample the other rulers with the way that a potter tramples on clay to mix it with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Who announced this from the beginning, that we might know? Before this time, that we may say, "He is right"? + +Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to mock the idols that the people worship. The implied answers are 1) that the idols have not done these things and 2) that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. AT: "None of the idols announced this from the beginning, that we might know. And none of them announced this before time, that we may say, 'He is right.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Indeed none of them decreed it, yes, none heard you say anything + +"Indeed, none of the idols decreed it. Indeed, no one heard you idols say anything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/27.md b/isa/41/27.md index 353e95eeb7..09c3079a6f 100644 --- a/isa/41/27.md +++ b/isa/41/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# not one among them -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **not one among them** - "not one idol" -* **their cast-poured figures are wind and emptiness** - poured figures are wind and emptiness** - This means the idols that the people have made are worthless. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"not one idol" + +# their cast metal figures are wind and emptiness + +Yahweh speaks of the worthlessness of the idols as if the idols are wind and nothing at all. AT: "their idols are all worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/intro.md b/isa/41/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bf6b0d949c --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/41/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 41 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mocking ##### +Yahweh tells the people to present their best arguments in favor of honoring their idols. In this Yahweh challenges the people. Yahweh mocks or insults these false gods because they are not real and have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 41:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/01.md b/isa/42/01.md index 490f79f578..d6f5d72ab5 100644 --- a/isa/42/01.md +++ b/isa/42/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Behold, my servant -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **Behold, my servant** - AT: “Look, my servant” or "Here is my servant" -* **in whom my soul delights** - AT: "with whom I am very happy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"Look, my servant" or "Here is my servant" + +# in him I take delight + +"with whom I am very happy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/03.md b/isa/42/03.md index cf2f620de9..b5b408cf51 100644 --- a/isa/42/03.md +++ b/isa/42/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# A crushed reed he will not break, and a dimly burning wick he will not quench -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **A crushed reed he will not break and a dimly burning wick he will not quench** - The "​crushed reed" and "dimly burning wick" refers to weak and helpless people. ​ (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bruised reed** - A reed is the long, thin stem of a plant like tall grass. If it is bruised (damaged) it cannot carry any weight. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:36:06]]. -* **he will not break** - "My servant will not break" -* **coastlands** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:41:01]]. +Yahweh speaks of weak and helpless people as if they were crushed reeds and dimly burning wicks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crushed reed + +A reed is the long, thin stem of a plant like tall grass. If it is crushed, it cannot carry any weight. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 36:6](../36/06.md). + +# he will not break + +"My servant will not break" + +# the coastlands + +This refers to the people who live on the islands and in the lands bordering or beyond the Mediterranean Sea. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:1](../41/01.md). AT: "the people who live on the coastlands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/05.md b/isa/42/05.md index 3eefecca8a..856649d146 100644 --- a/isa/42/05.md +++ b/isa/42/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who created the heavens and stretched them out, the one who made the earth -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The prophet speaks of Yahweh creating the heavens and the earth as if the heavens and earth were fabric which Yahweh stretched out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# gives breath to the people on it and life to those who live on it -* **gives breath to the people on it, and life to those live on it** - These phrases emphasize that Yahweh gives life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **have called you** - Here "you" is singular and refers to Yahweh's servant. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh gives life to every person. The word "breath" is a metonym for life. AT: "gives life to the people who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have called you + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Yahweh's servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I will ... set you as a covenant for the people + +Here the word "covenant" is a metonym for the one who establishes or mediates a covenant. AT: "I will ... make you be the mediator of a covenant with the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a light for the Gentiles + +Yahweh speaks of making his servant the one who delivers the nations from bondage as if he were making him a light that shines in dark places for the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/07.md b/isa/42/07.md index 7ee3b6eb7a..4c1d6b7203 100644 --- a/isa/42/07.md +++ b/isa/42/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Yahweh continues describing what his servant will do. -## translationNotes +# to open the eyes of the blind -* Yahweh continues describing what his servant will do. -* **the dungeon...the house of confinement** - These both mean "prison." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Causing blind people to see is spoken of as if it were opening their eyes. Also, Yahweh speaks of his servant delivering those who have been wrongly imprisoned as if his servant were restoring sight to blind people. AT: "to enable the blind to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to release the prisoners from the dungeon, and from the house of confinement those who sit in darkness + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The verb may be supplied in the second phrase. AT: "to release the prisoners from the dungeon, and to release those who sit in darkness from the house in which they are confined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/08.md b/isa/42/08.md index 433da04b98..2ba7922e3d 100644 --- a/isa/42/08.md +++ b/isa/42/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# nor my praise with carved idols -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "nor will I share my praise with carved idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# my praise -* **I will tell you** - Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +This refers to the praise that Yahweh receives from people. + +# I will tell you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/10.md b/isa/42/10.md index 86051bdc88..888723f297 100644 --- a/isa/42/10.md +++ b/isa/42/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# the sea, and all that is in it, the coastlands, and those who live there -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **and all that is in, the coastlands, and those who live there** - "and all the creatures that live in the sea, and all those who live on the coastlands." -* **Let the desert and the cities cry out** - This refers to the people who live in the desert and the cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Kedar** - This is a city north of Arabia. See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:isa:21:16]] -* **Sela** - This is a city in Edom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"and all the creatures that live in the sea, and all those who live on the coastlands" + +# Let the desert and the cities cry out + +This refers to the people who live in the desert and the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kedar + +This is a city north of Arabia. See how this was translated in [Isaiah 21:16](../21/16.md) + +# Sela + +"the inhabitants of Sela." Sela is a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/12.md b/isa/42/12.md index 5d9c53b347..1143704a4a 100644 --- a/isa/42/12.md +++ b/isa/42/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Let them give glory -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **Let them give glory** - Here "them" refers to the people along the coast lands. -* **Yahweh will go out as a warrior; he will go forth as a man of war** - This means Yahweh will show his strength and power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here "them" refers to the people along the coastlands. + +# Yahweh will go out as a warrior; as a man of war + +Yahweh is compared with a warrior who is ready to defeat his people's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he will stir up his zeal + +Here "zeal" refers to the passion that a warrior experiences when he is about to fight a battle. Yahweh stimulating his zeal is spoken of as if he stirred it up like the wind stirs up waves of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/14.md b/isa/42/14.md index 33b3a0a13e..dc41cc3080 100644 --- a/isa/42/14.md +++ b/isa/42/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# I have kept quiet for a long time; I have been still and restrained myself -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **I will cry out like a woman in labor** - This means instead of being quiet Yahweh will cry out against his enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the marshes** - A marsh is an area of soft, wet land, with many tall grasses and pools of water. +These two lines share similar meanings. Yahweh's inactivity is described as quietness and stillness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I have been still and restrained myself + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and indicate that Yahweh has kept himself from acting. AT: "I have kept myself from doing anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will cry out like a woman in labor; I will gasp and pant + +Yahweh's activity as a shouting warrior is compared with a pregnant woman who cries from labor pains. This emphasizes sudden unavoidable action after a period of inactivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will lay waste mountains ... will dry up the marshes + +Yahweh uses this metaphorical language to describe his great power to conquer his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the marshes + +A marsh is an area of soft, wet land with pools of water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/16.md b/isa/42/16.md index 447491c8c7..29cd47fc67 100644 --- a/isa/42/16.md +++ b/isa/42/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# I will bring the blind by a way that they do not know; in paths that they do not know I will lead them -* Yahweh continues speaking. +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "I will lead the blind in paths that they do not know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the blind + +Yahweh speaks of his people being helpless as if they could not see because they were blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that they do not know + +Possible meanings are 1) "that they have never traveled" or 2) "with which they are unfamiliar." + +# I will turn the darkness into light before them + +Yahweh speaks of his people being helpless as if they could not see because they walked in darkness, and of his helping them as if he caused light to shine in the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/17.md b/isa/42/17.md index 4426b6b135..8962444f40 100644 --- a/isa/42/17.md +++ b/isa/42/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# They will be turned back, they will be completely put to shame -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **They will be turned back, they will be completely put to shame** - AT: "I will reject them and put them to shame" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Rejecting those who worship idols is spoken of as if it is forcing them to turn back and move the opposite direction. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will reject them and put them to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/18.md b/isa/42/18.md index dc6c679319..48c8026bcf 100644 --- a/isa/42/18.md +++ b/isa/42/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# you deaf ... you blind -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **you deaf...you blind** - Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The people are spiritually deaf and blind which means they do not listen to or obey God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Who is blind...as Yahweh's servant?** - In 42:18 Yahweh uses questions to scold his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. Yahweh speaks of their failure to listen to him and obey him as if they are deaf and blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who is blind but my servant? Or deaf like my messenger I send? + +Yahweh asks these rhetorical questions to scold his people and to emphasize that no one is as blind or deaf as they are. AT: "No one is as blind as my servant. No one is as deaf as my messenger whom I send." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who is as blind as my covenant partner, or blind as Yahweh's servant? + +Yahweh asks these rhetorical questions to scold his people and to emphasize that no one is as blind or deaf as they are. AT: "No one is as blind as my covenant partner. No one is as blind as Yahweh's servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/20.md b/isa/42/20.md index 963f14113d..953a563e9f 100644 --- a/isa/42/20.md +++ b/isa/42/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You see many things, but do not comprehend -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You see many things, but do not comprehend** - "Although you see many things, you do not know understand what they mean" -* **It pleased Yahweh to praise his justice and to make his law glorious** - "Yahweh was pleased to honor his justice and his law" +"Although you see many things, you do not understand what they mean" + +# ears are open, but no one hears + +The ability to hear is spoken of as if the ears were open. Here the word "hears" refers to understanding what one hears. AT: "people hear, but no one understands what they hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It pleased Yahweh to praise his justice and to make his law glorious + +"Yahweh was pleased to honor his justice by making his law glorious." The second part of the phrase explains how Yahweh accomplished the first part. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/22.md b/isa/42/22.md index f2f24f0923..600983914b 100644 --- a/isa/42/22.md +++ b/isa/42/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# But this is a people robbed and plundered -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **But this is a people robbed and plundered** - AT: "But the enemy has robbed and plundered this people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **held captive in prisons** - AT: "and they are prisoners" or "and the enemy has put them in prisons" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the enemy has robbed and plundered this people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# robbed and plundered + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the enemy had plundered them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they are all trapped in pits, held captive in prisons + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy has trapped them all in pits and held them captive in prisons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/23.md b/isa/42/23.md index d99c718f53..849933d96b 100644 --- a/isa/42/23.md +++ b/isa/42/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Isaiah begins speaking. -## translationNotes +# Who among you -* **Who among you** - Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Who gave Jacob over to the robber, and Israel to the looters?** - Isaiah uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh was the one that allowed the enemy to conquer the people of Israel. AT: "It was Yahweh who gave the people of Israel over to robbers and looters." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Was it not Yahweh, against whom we have sinned, in whose ways they refused to walk, and whose law they refused to obey** - Isaiah uses another question for the same reason. Here "we" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. The word "they" also refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah still included himself as part of the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Who gave Jacob over to the robber, and Israel to the looters? + +These two phrases mean the same thing. Isaiah uses this as a leading question in order to emphasize the answer that he will give in the next phrase. AT: "I will tell you who gave the people of Israel over to robbers and looters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Was it not Yahweh ... refused to obey? + +Isaiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh alone was responsible for Israel's situation, and to explain the reason that Yahweh did it. AT: "It was certainly Yahweh ... refused to obey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# against whom we have sinned + +Here the word "we" refers to the people of Israel and to Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# in whose ways they refused to walk, and whose law they refused to obey + +The word "they" also refers to the people of Israel and to Isaiah. The two phrases mean the same thing. In the first, obeying Yahweh's laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the paths in which Yahweh commanded them to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/25.md b/isa/42/25.md index 6cab3b02a6..303d780d38 100644 --- a/isa/42/25.md +++ b/isa/42/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Therefore he -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **Therefore he** - "Therefore Yahweh" -* **against them** - Here "them" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah still included himself as part of the people. AT: "against us" -* **It blazed around them...it burned them** - Isaiah describes Yahweh's anger as a fire to emphasize its power to destroy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Therefore Yahweh" + +# he poured out his fierce anger against them + +Isaiah speaks of Yahweh's anger as if it were a liquid that could be poured out. AT: "he demonstrated his fierce anger towards them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# against them + +"against us." Here "them" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah still included himself as part of the people. + +# with the devastation of war + +The word "devastation" can be translated with a verb. AT: "by devastating them with war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It blazed around them ... it burned them + +Isaiah speaks of Yahweh's fierce anger as if it were a fire that burned the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they did not take it to heart + +Paying attention to something and learning from it is spoken of as if it were placing that thing on one's heart. AT: "they did not pay attention" or "they did not learn from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/intro.md b/isa/42/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5931357ea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/42/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 42 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the messiah. Isaiah 42:1-4 is the first of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Servant ##### +Israel is called Yahweh's servant. The messiah is also called the servant of Yahweh. It is likely that the two different usages of the word "servant" are intended to contrast with one another. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 42:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../41/intro.md) | [>>](../43/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/01.md b/isa/43/01.md index 236831b08e..93e0781b93 100644 --- a/isa/43/01.md +++ b/isa/43/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# he who created you, Jacob, and he who formed you, Israel -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **he who created you, Jacob, and he who formed you, Israel** - Both clauses mean the same thing. AT: "the one who created you, O people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]). +Both clauses mean the same thing. AT: "the one who created you, O people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/02.md b/isa/43/02.md index 740ed9646d..56447ba154 100644 --- a/isa/43/02.md +++ b/isa/43/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# When you pass through the waters ... the flames will not destroy you -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **when you pass through the waters...nor will the flames harm you** - God means that he will be with the people of Israel no matter what difficult situations they experience. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Seba** - This is the name of a nation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Yahweh speaks of suffering and difficult experiences as if they are deep waters and fires through which the people walk. The words "waters" and "flames" form a merism and emphasize any difficult circumstance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; and through the rivers, they will not overwhelm you + +These two statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people will experience no harm because Yahweh is with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you will not be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will not burn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have given Egypt as your ransom, Cush and Seba in exchange for you + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh will allow Israel's enemy to conquer these nations instead of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Seba + +This is the name of a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/04.md b/isa/43/04.md index c65c20ab7f..866226e9cf 100644 --- a/isa/43/04.md +++ b/isa/43/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Since you are precious and special in my sight -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **precious and special in my sight** - AT: "you are very precious to me" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **therefore I will give people in exchange for you, and other peoples in exchange for your life** - Both phrases mean the same thing. AT: "therefore I will let the enemy conquer other peoples instead of you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The words "precious" and "special" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much Yahweh values his people. AT: "Because you are very precious to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# therefore I will give people in exchange for you, and other peoples in exchange for your life + +Both phrases mean the same thing. AT: "therefore I will let the enemy conquer other peoples instead of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will bring your offspring from the east, and gather you from the west + +The directions "east" and "west" form a merism and represent from every direction. AT: "I will bring you and your offspring from every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/06.md b/isa/43/06.md index ec2358576d..2db1258968 100644 --- a/isa/43/06.md +++ b/isa/43/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# say to the north ... to the south -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **say to the north...to the south** - Yahweh speaks to these directions as if commanding the nations in those locations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my sons...my daughters** - This means all of God's people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **everyone who is called by my name** - This means everyone who belongs to God and worships him. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) AT: "Everyone whom Yahweh calls by his name and creates for his glory" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **whom I have formed, yes, whom I have made** - Both of these mean the same thing and emphasize that it is God who made the people of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Yahweh speaks to "the north" and "the south" as if commanding the nations in those locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my sons ... my daughters + +Yahweh speaks of the people who belong to him as if they were his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# everyone who is called by my name + +Here to be called by someone's name represents belonging to that person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone whom I have called by my name" or "everyone who belongs to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whom I have formed, yes, whom I have made + +Both of these mean the same thing and emphasize that it is God who made the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/08.md b/isa/43/08.md index ed8dfb176e..01e576cad6 100644 --- a/isa/43/08.md +++ b/isa/43/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the people who are blind ... the deaf -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Yahweh speaks of those who do not listen to him or obey him as if they were blind and deaf. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Who among them could have declared this and announced to us earlier events? -* **the blind people...the deaf** - This refers to those who are spiritually blind and deaf. This means they do not listen to or obey God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Who among them could have declared this and announced to us earlier events?** - Here "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. Isaiah uses a question to mock the people of other nations and their idols. AT: "None of them could have declared this or told us what would happen in the future" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Let them bring their witnesses to prove themselves right, let them listen and affirm, 'It is true."** - Isaiah challenges them to prove that the idols could tell them the future. But, he knows they cannot. AT: "None of them can say they heard their idol tell what would happen in the future." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +This rhetorical question applies to the gods whom the people of the nations worship. The implied answer is that none of them could do this. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "None of their gods could have declared this or announced to us earlier events." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# announced to us earlier events + +This phrase refers to their ability to tell about events that happened in the past before they happened. AT: "announced to us earlier events before they happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let them bring their witnesses to prove themselves right, let them listen and affirm, 'It is true.' + +Yahweh challenges the gods whom the nations worship to provide witnesses who will testify that they have been able to do these things, although he knows that they cannot do so. AT: "These gods have no witnesses who will prove them right, witnesses who will listen and affirm, 'It is true'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/10.md b/isa/43/10.md index 81a8d272ec..365343fc3c 100644 --- a/isa/43/10.md +++ b/isa/43/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You ... my servant -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The phrase "my servant" refers to the nation, as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Before me ... after me -* **You** - Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **I, I am** - The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. -* **there is no savior but me** - AT: "I am the only savior" or "I am the only one who can save you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +In speaking this way, Yahweh is not saying that there was a time before which he did not exist or a time after which he will not exist. He is asserting that he is eternal and that the gods whom the people of other nations worship are not. + +# Before me there was no god formed + +Here the word "formed" indicates that Yahweh is speaking of idols that people have made. This can be stated in active form. AT: "None of the gods whom people have formed existed before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there will be none after me + +"none of those gods will exist after me" + +# I, I am Yahweh + +The word "I" is repeated to emphasize the focus on Yahweh. AT: "I alone am Yahweh" or "I myself am Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# there is no savior but me + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "I am the only savior" or "I am the only one who can save you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/12.md b/isa/43/12.md index 2fe13d0b19..4a39f884e8 100644 --- a/isa/43/12.md +++ b/isa/43/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# no one can rescue anyone from my hand -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **no one can rescue anyone from my hand** - AT: "no one can save someone from my powerful hand" -* **who can turn it back?** - Yahweh uses a question to emphasize his power. AT: "no one can stop me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "no one can rescue anyone from my power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who can turn it back? + +Yahweh uses this question to say that no one can turn back his hand. It can be translated as a statement. Turning back his hand represents stopping him from doing something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 14:27](../14/26.md). AT: "no one can turn it back." or "no one can stop me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/14.md b/isa/43/14.md index 1dc3f97e10..ddde7bcdd9 100644 --- a/isa/43/14.md +++ b/isa/43/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Holy One of Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I send to Babylon and lead them all down** - Yahweh uses the army of the enemy of Babylon to destroy the empire and capture the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Redeemer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:41:14]]. -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. -* **fugitives** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:15:05]]. -* **turning the Babylonians' expressions of joy into songs of lamentation** - "turning the Babylonians' joy into sadness" +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). + +# I send to Babylon and lead them all down + +The object of the verb "send" may be supplied in translation. AT: "I send an army to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lead them all down as fugitives + +"lead all of the Babylonians down as fugitives" + +# fugitives + +A fugitive is a person who runs away so that his enemy will not capture him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/16.md b/isa/43/16.md index 1085adf08a..7298ad9527 100644 --- a/isa/43/16.md +++ b/isa/43/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who opened a way ... like a burning wick -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In these verses, Isaiah speaks of the events following the exodus from Egypt, when Yahweh divided the sea to let the Israelites walk through on dry ground but then drowned the Egyptian army. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# They fell down together; they will never rise again -* **who opened a way...like a burning wick** - In 43:16-17 Isaiah speaks of an event that happened in the past. God saved the people of Israel from the Egyptian army by separating the waters of the Red Sea so the people of Israel could walk across, but God drowned the army of Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **they are extinguished, quenched like a burning wick** - This means God brought the lives of the soldiers to an end. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Dying is spoken of as if it were falling down to the ground. AT: "They all died together; they will never live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they are extinguished, quenched like a burning wick + +The people dying is spoken of as if they were burning candle wicks that someone has extinguished. This can be stated in active form. AT: "their lives have ended, like a person extinguishes the flame of a burning candle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/18.md b/isa/43/18.md index 5b74adee5f..1b22200942 100644 --- a/isa/43/18.md +++ b/isa/43/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Do not think about these former things, nor consider the things of long ago. -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **former things…the things of long ago** - “what happened in the past” (See: Doublet) -* **Look** - "Listen" or "Pay attention" -* **do you not perceive it?** - Yahweh uses a question to teach the people of Israel. AT: "Surely you have noticed it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are not to worry about what happened in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Look + +This word is used to draw attention to the important information that follows. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# do you not perceive it? + +Yahweh uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "surely you have noticed it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/20.md b/isa/43/20.md index 15cb4e2608..465c7ea170 100644 --- a/isa/43/20.md +++ b/isa/43/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# wild animals of the field will honor me, the jackals and the ostriches -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +Here animals honor Yahweh as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# the jackals and the ostriches -* **wild animals of the field will honor me, the jackals and the ostriches,** - Animals honor Yahweh as if they were people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the jackals and the ostriches** - See how you translated the names of these animals in [[en:bible:notes:isa:13:21]]. -* **the jackals and the ostriches** - These animals also honor Yahweh just as the animals in the field. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +These are examples of the kinds of animals that will honor Yahweh. See how you translated the names of these animals in [Isaiah 13:21-22](../13/21.md). The understood information can be supplied to make the meaning clear. AT: "the jackals and the ostriches will honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/22.md b/isa/43/22.md index 99c77b13e3..7a1dad4f16 100644 --- a/isa/43/22.md +++ b/isa/43/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/24.md b/isa/43/24.md index ec17c35c57..13408b07b8 100644 --- a/isa/43/24.md +++ b/isa/43/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# sweet-smelling cane -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **sweet-smelling cane** - smelling cane** - This is a plant with a pleasant smell used to make anointing oil. It did not grow in the land of Israel so the people had to buy it from other nations. -* **burdened me with your sins, you have wearied me with your evil deeds** - These both mean the same thing and emphasize the complaint Yahweh has with his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **burdened me with your sins** - "troubled me with your sins" +This is a plant with a pleasant smell used to make anointing oil. It did not grow in the land of Israel so the people had to buy it from other nations. + +# burdened me with your sins, you have wearied me with your evil deeds + +These both mean the same thing and emphasize the complaint Yahweh has with his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# burdened me with your sins + +"troubled me with your sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/25.md b/isa/43/25.md index 3d6c1f9b9f..b0e7d1019f 100644 --- a/isa/43/25.md +++ b/isa/43/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I, yes, I -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I, yes, I** - The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. -* **for my own sake** - "for my own honor" or "for my own reputation" -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" +The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. AT: "I alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# who blots out your offenses + +Forgiving sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or wiping them away or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. AT: "who forgives your offenses like someone wiping something away" or "who forgives your offenses like someone who erases a record of sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for my own sake + +"for my own honor" or "for my own reputation" + +# call to mind + +"remember" + +# present your cause, that you may be proved innocent + +Yahweh challenges the people to offer proof that they are innocent of the charges that he has brought against them, although he knows that they cannot do so. AT: "present your case, but you cannot prove yourselves to be innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# that you may be proved innocent + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you may prove yourselves innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/27.md b/isa/43/27.md index e18a25f6b9..ab23194fab 100644 --- a/isa/43/27.md +++ b/isa/43/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Your first father sinned -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I will hand Jacob over to the destructive ban, and Israel to abusive humiliation** - Here "Jacob" and "Israel" mean the same thing. AT: "I will allow the enemy to completely destroy and humiliate the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This refers to the founder of Israel and may represent either Abraham or Jacob. + +# I will hand Jacob over to complete destruction + +Here to "hand over" represents putting someone under the power of another. The noun "destruction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I will cause the enemy to completely destroy Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Israel to abusive humiliation + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase, with which this phrase is parallel. The noun "humiliation" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I will allow the enemy to abuse and humiliate Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/intro.md b/isa/43/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e01909b08a --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/43/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 43 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exodus ##### +This chapter pictures Judah's eventual return from exile in Babylon as a kind of second exodus. It was reminiscent of their exodus from Egypt. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Exile ##### +This chapter prophesies about the Jews return from Babylon, but the exile has yet to happen and is still more than a hundred years in the future. These events will show that Yahweh alone is God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 43:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../42/intro.md) | [>>](../44/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/01.md b/isa/44/01.md index 49dd9d61fe..077b4ab441 100644 --- a/isa/44/01.md +++ b/isa/44/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Jacob my servant -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Jacob my servant** - AT: "descendants of Jacob my servants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Jeshuran** - This also refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to Jacob's descendants. AT: "descendants of Jacob, my servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he who made you and formed you in the womb + +Yahweh speaks of creating the nation of Israel as if it were forming the nation as a baby in its mother's womb. AT: "he who made you, as I form a baby in the womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen, do not fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Jeshurun + +This also refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/03.md b/isa/44/03.md index 4749ae5691..2920f29261 100644 --- a/isa/44/03.md +++ b/isa/44/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will pour water on the thirsty ground, and flowing streams on the dry ground -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **They will spring up among the grass, like willows by the streams of water** - This means God's Spirit will cause the people of Israel to prosper and multiply. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **willow** - a tree with thin branches that grows near the water +Yahweh speaks of giving his Spirit to the people of Israel as if he were causing rain to fall and streams to flow on dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the thirsty ground + +Dry ground is spoken of as if it were a thirsty person. AT: "the dry ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will pour my Spirit on your offspring + +Yahweh speaks of giving his Spirit to the people as if his Spirit were liquid that he pours out on them. AT: "I will give my Spirit to your offspring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my blessing on your children + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "I will pour out my blessing on your children" or "I will give my blessing to your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# They will spring up among the grass, like willows by the streams of water + +The people of Israel being prosperous and multiplying is spoken of as if they were plants that grow because they have plenty of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# willows + +A willow is a tree with thin branches that grows near the water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/05.md b/isa/44/05.md index eb804ba7fc..a8033f2b10 100644 --- a/isa/44/05.md +++ b/isa/44/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel -## translationNotes +# another will call out the name of Jacob -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel -* **and another will be named after Jacob** - AT: "and another person will name himself "descendant of Jacob'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and be called by the name of Israel** - AT: "and any person will call him 'descendant of Israel'" +"another person will say he is a descendant of Jacob" + +# name himself by the name of Israel + +"call himself a descendant of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/06.md b/isa/44/06.md index f2dbcafd95..88f0fd971c 100644 --- a/isa/44/06.md +++ b/isa/44/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# his Redeemer -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"Israel's Redeemer" -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts -* **her Redeemer** - "the one who saves the people of Israel" -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. -* **I am the first, and I am the last** - This means God has no beginning or ending. He is eternal. +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# I am the first, and I am the last + +This phrase emphasizes Yahweh's eternal nature. Possible meanings are 1) "I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things" or 2) "I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/07.md b/isa/44/07.md index d92d6fe56f..98442b9f29 100644 --- a/isa/44/07.md +++ b/isa/44/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Who is like me? Let him announce -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **Who is like me?** - Yahweh is using this question to make them think deeply about how he is their only God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one like him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "If anyone thinks he is like me, let him announce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/08.md b/isa/44/08.md index 628556ec83..ecf3d4ec64 100644 --- a/isa/44/08.md +++ b/isa/44/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Do not fear or be afraid -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Have I not declared to you long ago, and announced it?** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who predicted the events that have now happened. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is there any God besides me?** - Yahweh uses a question again to emphasize the that there is no other God. -* **There is no other Rock** - Here Yahweh compares himself to a rock. This means he has the power to protect his people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh uses two similar expressions in order to strengthen his encouragement. AT: "Do not be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Have I not declared to you long ago, and announced it? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who predicted the events that have now happened. This can be translated as a statement. The word "announced" means basically the same thing as "declared." AT: "I declared these things to you long ago." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Is there any God besides me? + +Yahweh uses a question again to emphasize that there is no other God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no God besides me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# There is no other Rock + +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were a large rock under which people can find shelter. This means he has the power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/09.md b/isa/44/09.md index 32d8701fb1..efc4204224 100644 --- a/isa/44/09.md +++ b/isa/44/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# the things they delight in are worthless -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **the things they delight in are worthless** - "the images that are precious to them are useless" -* **their witnesses cannot see or know anything** - This means that those who say idols have power are spiritually blind and do not understand the truth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they will be put to shame** - AT: "and I will put them to shame" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Who would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless?** - Yahweh is using this question to rebuke those who make idols. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"the idols they delight in are worthless" + +# their witnesses cannot see or know anything + +This phrase refers to those who worship these idols and who claim to be witnesses of the idols' power. Yahweh speaks of their inability to understand the truth as if they were blind. AT: "those who serve as witnesses for these idols are like blind people who know nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will be ashamed" or "their idols will put them to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Who would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless? + +Yahweh is using this question to rebuke those who make idols. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Only fools would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cast an idol that is worthless + +The word "worthless" does not distinguish worthless idols from idols that have worth, because all idols are worthless. AT: "cast worthless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/11.md b/isa/44/11.md index 5637a0ccfb..9c6b81afa7 100644 --- a/isa/44/11.md +++ b/isa/44/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# all his associates -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **all his associates will be put to shame** - AT: "I will put to shame all who help him make his idol" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Let them take their stand together** - "Let them all come together before me" -* **they will cower and be put to shame** - AT: "they will be afraid and I will put them to shame" +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the associates of the craftsman who makes the idol. AT: "all of the craftsman's associates" or 2) this refers to those who associate themselves with the idol by worshiping it. AT: "all those who worship the idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let them take their stand together + +"Let them all come together before me" + +# they will cower + +"they will be terrified." To "cower" is to bend over in fear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/12.md b/isa/44/12.md index 089bc02420..cbab6148b8 100644 --- a/isa/44/12.md +++ b/isa/44/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# forming it -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **forming it** - "forming the idol" +"forming the idol" or "creating the idol" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/13.md b/isa/44/13.md index f3e44f0a6c..35a8cbe605 100644 --- a/isa/44/13.md +++ b/isa/44/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# with a line -* [[en:tw:shrine]] +A string was used to outline the shape of the idol in the wood. -## translationNotes +# stylus -* **with a line** - A string was used to outline the shape of the idol in the wood. -* **stylus** - This is a sharp tool to scratch the wood so the craftsman can see here to cut, -* **a compass** - This is a tool with two points that spread out used to help mark the wood to make the idol. +This is a sharp tool to scratch the wood so the craftsman can see where to cut. + +# a compass + +This is a tool with two points that spread out used to help mark the wood to make the idol. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/14.md b/isa/44/14.md index b573c963c0..c95e220ad0 100644 --- a/isa/44/14.md +++ b/isa/44/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He cuts down -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:fir]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] +"The carpenter cuts down" or "the woodcarver cuts down" -## translationNotes +# cypress tree -* **He cuts down** - "The carpenter cuts down" or "the woodcarver cuts down" -* **cypress tree** - a tall evergreen tree (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +a tall evergreen tree (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/15.md b/isa/44/15.md index d04f05edfb..3718137f7d 100644 --- a/isa/44/15.md +++ b/isa/44/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then a man uses it -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] +"The man uses the wood" -## translationNotes +# he makes an idol and bows down to it -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This part of the sentence says basically the same as the first to emphasize it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/17.md b/isa/44/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2559e857d5..0000000000 --- a/isa/44/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verse. diff --git a/isa/44/18.md b/isa/44/18.md index dae3d70a4a..98cd47d324 100644 --- a/isa/44/18.md +++ b/isa/44/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for their eyes are blind and cannot see -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +Yahweh speaks of those who cannot understand the foolishness of worshiping idols as if they were blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# for their eyes are blind -* **for their eyes are blind and cannot see** - Those who worship idols are spiritually blind. This means they cannot understand God's truth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "their eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "for they are blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# their hearts cannot perceive + +Here the people are represented by their "hearts." AT: "they cannot understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/19.md b/isa/44/19.md index ad9c568af9..07767a62e6 100644 --- a/isa/44/19.md +++ b/isa/44/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Now should I make ... something disgusting to worship? Should I bow down to a block of wood? -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Now should I make the other part of the wood into something disgusting to worship? Should I bow down to a block of wood?"** - Yahweh uses these question to emphasize that the people are ignorant for making idols from the same wood they also use for burning. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh says that these people should be asking themselves these rhetorical questions. The questions anticipate negative answers and emphasize how foolish it would be for a person to do these things. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "I should not now make ... something disgusting to worship. I should not bow down to a block of wood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/20.md b/isa/44/20.md index eb35153451..c6ca92c0ed 100644 --- a/isa/44/20.md +++ b/isa/44/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It is as if he were eating ashes -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Yahweh speaks of a person worshiping an idol as if that person were eating the burned ashes of the wood from which he made the idol. Just as eating ashes does not benefit a person, neither does worshiping an idol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# his deceived heart misleads him -* **It is as if he were eating ashes** - Yahweh compares worshiping idols to eating ashes. This means the idols are worthless and cannot help anyone. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **his deceived heart misleads him** - AT: "he has deceived himself and gone astray" -* **He cannot rescue his soul** - AT: "The person who worships idols cannot save himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The heart represents the inner person. AT: "he misleads himself because he is deceived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He cannot rescue himself + +"The person who worships idols cannot save himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/21.md b/isa/44/21.md index 84c9f25b69..df2b390f76 100644 --- a/isa/44/21.md +++ b/isa/44/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Jacob, and Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **Jacob, and Israel** - AT: "you descendants of Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **you will not be forgotten by me** - AT: "I will not forget you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your rebellious deeds, and like a cloud, your sins** - Both of these statements mean the same thing. God has removed their sins as quickly and easily as a wind can blow away a cloud. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This refers to people descended from Jacob, Israel. AT: "you descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you will not be forgotten by me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not forget you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your rebellious deeds, and like a cloud, your sins + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. God has removed their sins as quickly and easily as a wind can blow away a cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a cloud, your sins + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "like a cloud, I have blotted out your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/23.md b/isa/44/23.md index f2f3150fe6..e752cb3f60 100644 --- a/isa/44/23.md +++ b/isa/44/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Sing, you heavens ... glory in Israel -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Isaiah speaks various parts of creation as if they were people and commands them to praise Yawheh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# you depths of the earth -* **Sing, you heavens...glory in Israel** - In 44:23 Isaiah turns his attention from the people of Israel and speaks to others as if they were there. Isaiah speaks to the heavens, mountains, and trees as if they were people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"you lowest parts of the earth." Possible meanings are 1) that this refers to very deep places on the earth such as caves or canyons and forms a merism with "heavens" in the previous phrase or 2) that this refers to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/24.md b/isa/44/24.md index 72ffb2487c..fd235c49f4 100644 --- a/isa/44/24.md +++ b/isa/44/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Redeemer -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). -## translationNotes +# he who formed you from the womb -* **Redeemer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:41:14]]. -* **who formed you in the womb** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:44:01]]. -* **stretched out the heavens** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:42:05]]. -* **omens** - These are signs that people used to attempt to predict the future. +Yahweh speaks of creating the nation of Israel as if it were forming the nation as a baby in its mother's womb. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:2](./01.md). AT: "he who made you, as I form a baby in the womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who alone stretched out the heavens + +Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric which he stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# omens + +These are signs that people used to attempt to predict the future. + +# the empty talkers + +This refers to people who say things that are meaningless. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/26.md b/isa/44/26.md index f742f84431..4c7236d8c5 100644 --- a/isa/44/26.md +++ b/isa/44/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# who confirmed the words of his servant and brings to pass the predictions of his messengers -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:iYahweh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +Yahweh is saying the same thing twice to emphasize that it is only he, Yahweh, who causes the prophesies to be fulfilled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the words of his servant ... the predictions of his messengers -* **who fulfills the declarations of his servant and brings to pass the counsel of his messengers** - Yahweh is saying the same thing twice for emphasis. It is only Yahweh who causes the prophesies to be fulfilled. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **She will be inhabited** - AT: "People will live there again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They will be built again, and I will raise up her waste places** - AT: "I will rebuild the ruined cities" -* **who says to the deep sea** - Yahweh commands the sea to do what seems impossible to demonstrate his power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The abstract nouns "words" and "predictions" can be translated as verbs. AT: "what his servant declares ... what his messengers announce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# She will be inhabited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will live there again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be built again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will rebuild them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will raise up their ruins + +The phrase "ruins" refers to places that have been destroyed. Yahweh speaks of rebuilding them as if he were raising them up. AT: "I will rebuild what others have destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/28.md b/isa/44/28.md index ee1847c878..de508599b5 100644 --- a/isa/44/28.md +++ b/isa/44/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:cyrus]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# He is my shepherd -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **He is my shepherd** - This means Cyrus will protect and care for God's people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Let her be rebuilt** - AT: "Let the people rebuild the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Let your foundations be laid** - AT: "Let the people lay its foundations" +Yahweh speaks of Cyrus ruling and protecting the people of Israel as if Cyrus is their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She will be rebuilt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let the people rebuild the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let its foundations be laid + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let the people lay its foundations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/intro.md b/isa/44/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bf06660e37 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/44/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 44 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +There is a prophecy in this chapter that gives the name of the king who will end the exile of the Jews from Babylon and rebuild the temple, even though the exile has not yet even occurred. This emphasizes that Yahweh knows the future, so the translator should translate the name of Cyrus given here. There are many other aspects of this chapter that show Yahweh's power as well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 44:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../43/intro.md) | [>>](../45/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/01.md b/isa/45/01.md index 62875354a4..2e28b7b64b 100644 --- a/isa/45/01.md +++ b/isa/45/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# whose right hand I hold -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:cyrus]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **whose right hand I hold** - This means God will be his strength. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh helping Cyrus and causing him to be successful is spoken of as if he were holding his right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/02.md b/isa/45/02.md index d165fc77b1..7d84548d24 100644 --- a/isa/45/02.md +++ b/isa/45/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Cyrus. -## translationNotes +# level the mountains -* Yahweh continues speaking to Cyrus. -* **and level the mountains** - This means God will prepare the way for Cyrus and his armies. He will make it easy for them to defeat their enemies. +Yahweh speaks of removing obstacles that would hinder Cyrus's success as if it were leveling mountains before him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mountains + +The Hebrew word used in the text is rare and is of an uncertain meaning. Some modern versions have "rough places" or "crooked places." + +# their iron bars + +This refers to the iron bars on the bronze gates. + +# the treasures of darkness + +Here "darkness" refers to places that are secret. AT: "treasures in dark places" or "the treasures in secret places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/04.md b/isa/45/04.md index 891196d03e..6344ccc444 100644 --- a/isa/45/04.md +++ b/isa/45/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Cyrus. -## translationNotes +# Jacob ... Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking to Cyrus. -* **Jacob...Israel** - These both refer to the descendants of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will arm you** - AT: "I will strengthen you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **from the rising of the sun, and from the west** - AT: "from every place on earth" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +These both refer to the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will arm you for battle + +Possible meanings are 1) "I will strengthen you for battle" or 2) "I will equip you for battle." + +# from the rising of the sun, and from the west + +Since the sun rises in the east, this phrase forms a merism and means everywhere on earth. AT: "from every place on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/07.md b/isa/45/07.md index 10eebb6395..9c0bdb12ab 100644 --- a/isa/45/07.md +++ b/isa/45/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# I form the light and create darkness; I bring peace and create disaster -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **You heavens, rain down from above...I, Yahweh, have created them both** - God compares his power to save to the rain falling from the sky and causing plants to grow. This means the true God in heaven is the only one who can save people and restore justice on the earth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Both of these expressions form merisms that emphasize that Yahweh is sovereign creator of everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# You heavens, rain down from above ... righteousness spring up together with it + +Yahweh speaks of his righteousness as if it were rain that falls on the earth, and of his righteousness and salvation as plants that grow on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You heavens + +Yahweh momentarily turns his attention from his people and begins to speak to the heavens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/09.md b/isa/45/09.md index 7e7933c679..8cc81c867c 100644 --- a/isa/45/09.md +++ b/isa/45/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# any other earthen pot among all the earthen pots in the ground -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **An earthen potshard among all the earthen potshards in the ground** - In 45:9 God compares himself to a potter and the people as the clay. This emphasizes that he is the creator. AT: "You are like broken pieces of pottery on the ground" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Should the clay say to the potter** - God uses a question to rebuke those who argue with him about what he does. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were a potter, and of the one who would argue with him as if that person and the rest of humanity were all clay pots. AT: "like one piece of pottery among many other pieces of pottery scattered on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# earthen pot + +Possible meanings are 1) "clay pot" or 2) "piece of broken clay pottery." + +# Does the clay say to the potter ... on it'? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke those who argue with him about what he does. AT: "The clay should not say to the potter ... on it!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/10.md b/isa/45/10.md index cfdcd2c639..a7fc56c834 100644 --- a/isa/45/10.md +++ b/isa/45/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Yahweh continues to scold those who argue with him about what he does. -## translationNotes +# Woe to him who says to a father, ... 'What are you giving birth to?' -* Yahweh continues to scold those who argue with him about what he does. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:45:09]]) -* **What are you fathering...What are you giving birth to?** - A person is using questions to scold the parents for what they are doing by making a child. This refers to the people arguing with Yahweh for what he does. AT: "You should not be a father...You should not be a mother" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of those who would argue him as if they were unborn children who argue with their own parents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What are you fathering? ... What are you giving birth to? + +The unborn child asks these rhetorical questions to scold his parents for giving birth to him. These can be translated as statements. AT: "You should not be my father ... You should give birth to me." or "You are not fathering me correctly ... You are not giving birth to me correctly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/11.md b/isa/45/11.md index 66056eda4e..455f8949a4 100644 --- a/isa/45/11.md +++ b/isa/45/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Holy One of Israel -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## translationNotes +# Why do you ask questions about what I will do for my children? Do you tell me what to do concerning the work of my hands? -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. -* **her Maker** - Here "her" refers to the people of Israel. See how you translated "Maker" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:17:06]]. -* **do you question me...Do you tell me what to do** - Yahweh uses questions to scold those who argue with him about what he does. AT: "do not question me...do not tell me what to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **my children** - This refers to the people of Israel. +Yahweh uses questions to scold those who argue with him about what he does. AT: "Do not question me about what I do for my children. Do not tell me ... my hands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my children + +This refers to the people of Israel. + +# the work of my hands + +Here the word "hands" represents Yahweh. AT: "the things that I have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/12.md b/isa/45/12.md index 883ff38fb0..6b2c756e77 100644 --- a/isa/45/12.md +++ b/isa/45/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# It was my hands that -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **stretched out the heavens** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:isa:42:05]]. +Here the word "hands" represents Yahweh. AT: "It was I who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# stretched out the heavens + +Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric that he stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/13.md b/isa/45/13.md index a81e713e97..b755128cf3 100644 --- a/isa/45/13.md +++ b/isa/45/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:cyrus]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# I stirred Cyrus up in righteousness -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **I will smooth out all his paths** - This means God will cause Cyrus to accomplish everything God has planned. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He will build my city** - AT: "He will command the people to build my city, Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. +Here the word "righteousness" refers to right action. Possible meanings are 1) that Yahweh has stirred up Cyrus to do the right thing or 2) that Yahweh was right to stir up Cyrus. + +# I stirred Cyrus + +Yahweh speaks of causing Cyrus to act as if it were stirring him from slumber. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will smooth out all his paths + +Yahweh speaks of removing obstacles and causing Cyrus to be successful as if he were making the paths smooth on which Cyrus walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will build my city + +This refers to Jerusalem. + +# not for price nor bribe + +Here the words "price" and "bribe" share similar meanings. Cyrus will not do these things for financial gain. AT: "he will not do these things for money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/14.md b/isa/45/14.md index f648512c58..e1aaec65fe 100644 --- a/isa/45/14.md +++ b/isa/45/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The earnings of Egypt and the merchandise of Cush with the Sabeans, men of tall stature, will be brought to you -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Egypt, Cush, and the tall people of Seba, will bring to you their earnings and their merchandise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The earnings of Egypt -* **The earnings of Egypt and the merchandise of Ethiopia with the Sabeans, men of tall stature, will be brought to you** - AT: "The people of Egypt, Ethiopia, and the tall people of Seba, will bring to you their riches and treasures." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Sabean** - These are people from the nation of Seba. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **to you** - Here "you" refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +"The profits of Egypt" + +# Sabeans + +These are people from the nation of Seba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to you + +Here "you" refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/16.md b/isa/45/16.md index 60d70c9254..a14ebb344f 100644 --- a/isa/45/16.md +++ b/isa/45/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They will all be ashamed and disgraced together; those who carve idols will walk in humiliation -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two lines share similar meanings, with the second clarifying the subject of the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# They will all be ashamed and disgraced together -* **They will all be ashamed and disgraced together; those who carve idols will walk in humiliation** - The words "ashamed," "disgraced," and "humiliation" mean basically the same the thing. AT: "Yahweh will humiliate all those who make idols" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Israel will be saved by Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh will save the people of Israel" -* **you will never again be ashamed or humiliated** - Here "you" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah would also include himself as a part of Israel. AT: "No one will ever humiliate you again" or "No one will ever humiliate us again" +The words "ashamed" and "disgraced" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their idols will leave them all completely ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will walk in humiliation + +Living in continual humiliation is spoken of as if it were walking in humiliation. AT: "will be continually humiliated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Israel will be saved by Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will save the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will never again be ashamed or humiliated + +Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. The words "ashamed" and "humiliated" mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will ever humiliate you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/18.md b/isa/45/18.md index 33e2c9fc27..1b4845a483 100644 --- a/isa/45/18.md +++ b/isa/45/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# not as a waste -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"not to be empty." Here the word "waste" refers to an empty, barren place. -## translationNotes +# but designed it to be inhabited -* **but designed it to be inhabited** - AT: "but he designed it so people could live on it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but he designed it so people could live on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/19.md b/isa/45/19.md index 75ef337cec..04eff8d367 100644 --- a/isa/45/19.md +++ b/isa/45/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues speaking. +Yahweh continues speaking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/20.md b/isa/45/20.md index 7dd4e92c09..86bf32c59d 100644 --- a/isa/45/20.md +++ b/isa/45/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Yahweh continues speaking -## translationNotes +# refugees -* Yahweh continues speaking -* **refugees** - people who have fled from their homes so the enemy will not capture or kill them +people who have fled from their homes so the enemy will not capture or kill them \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/21.md b/isa/45/21.md index f696999d07..8275729ec3 100644 --- a/isa/45/21.md +++ b/isa/45/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the refugees. (See: [Isaiah 45:20](./20.md)) -## translationNotes +# Let them conspire together -* Yahweh continues speaking to the refugees. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:45:20]]) -* **Let them counsel together** - "them" are the people who might challenge Yahweh's power to foretell the events. -* **Who has shown this from long ago? Who announced it? Was it not I, Yahweh?** - Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he was the one who told them these things would happen. AT: "It was I, Yahweh, who told you these things long ago" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the word "them" refers to the refugees from among the nations who worship idols. + +# Who has shown this from long ago? Who announced it? Was it not I, Yahweh? + +Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he was the one who told them these things would happen. AT: "I will tell you who has shown this from long ago. I will tell you who announced it. It was I, Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/22.md b/isa/45/22.md index b9b011940e..8f83600fea 100644 --- a/isa/45/22.md +++ b/isa/45/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Turn to me and be saved -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **Turn to me and be saved** - AT: "Worship me and I will save you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **To me every knee will bend, every tongue will swear** - AT: "Every person will kneel before me, and everyone will swear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Turn to me and I will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the ends of the earth + +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT "all the farthest places of the earth" or "the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# all the ends of the earth + +Here this phrase represents the people who live at "the ends of the earth." AT: "you who live at the farthest places of the earth" or "all of you who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# To me every knee will bend, every tongue will swear + +The words "knee" and "tongue" represent the people. AT: "Every person will kneel before me, and everyone will swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/24.md b/isa/45/24.md index 6b7d2a9385..9947294b06 100644 --- a/isa/45/24.md +++ b/isa/45/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They will say -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +All the people on the earth are speaking. -## translationNotes +# In Yahweh all the descendants of Israel will be justified -* **Saying** - All the people on the earth are speaking. -* **In Yahweh all the descendants of Israel will be justified** - AT: "Yahweh will justify all the descendants of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the word "justified" does not refer to Yahweh forgiving their sins, but to proving to the nations that Israel was right to worship him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will justify all the descendants of Israel" or "Yahweh will vindicate all the descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/intro.md b/isa/45/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f658b8b015 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/45/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 45 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Potter and clay ##### +The potter and the clay are important images used in Scripture. They emphasize the power and control of God. This chapter connects this to the truth that Yahweh is the creator of all, which it repeatedly emphasizes. He is even able to "anoint" or chose a future, pagan king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 45:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../44/intro.md) | [>>](../46/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/01.md b/isa/46/01.md index 68cdb8ab04..ebf05511f8 100644 --- a/isa/46/01.md +++ b/isa/46/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Bel bows down, Nebo stoops; their idols ... for weary animals -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] +Isaiah speaks of people placing the idols of Bel and Nebo into a cart for animals to transport as if these gods were made to "bow down" and "stoop." These are both postures of humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Bel ... Nebo -* **Bel…Nebo** - These are important idols to the Babylonians. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These were the two primary gods whom the Babylonians worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# their idols + +the idols that represented Bel and Nebo + +# they cannot rescue the images + +"Bel and Nebo cannot rescue their images" + +# they themselves have gone off into captivity + +Isaiah speaks of people carrying off these idols as if the false gods whom they represent are being carried off to captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/03.md b/isa/46/03.md index 9ace69e102..66c2a3248f 100644 --- a/isa/46/03.md +++ b/isa/46/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen to me -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Here "me" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# who have been carried by me from before your birth, carried from the womb -* **Listen to me** - Here "me" refers to Yahweh. -* **who have been carried...I will carry you to safety** - In 46:3-4 Yahweh talks to the people of Israel as if they were a single person who is born and grows old. This means God has taken care of them since their people first started and he will always continue to take care of them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who have been carried by me** - AT: "whom I have carried" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as if it were a person, and of the nation's beginning as if it were its birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who have been carried by me + +Yahweh speaks of helping and rescuing the people of Israel as if he were carrying them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom I have carried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Even to your old age I am he, and until your hair is gray I will carry you + +Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel becoming very old as if it were an old man with gray hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/05.md b/isa/46/05.md index 0c43ea2a80..e301a1a877 100644 --- a/isa/46/05.md +++ b/isa/46/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# To whom will you compare me? Who do you think I resemble, so that we may be compared? -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **To whom will you compare me? And whom do I resemble, so that we may be compared?** - Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that there is no one like him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **so that we may be compared** - AT: "so that you may compare us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that there is no one like him. AT: "There is no one to whom you can compare me. I resemble no one, so that we might be compared." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# so that we may be compared + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that you may compare us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/07.md b/isa/46/07.md index aa84a42df2..a465bf19da 100644 --- a/isa/46/07.md +++ b/isa/46/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They lift it -* [[en:tw:save]] - -## translationNotes - -* **They lift it** - "They" refers to the people who worship idols and "it" refers to the idol that they have created. +"They" refers to the people who make idols and "it" refers to the idol that they have created. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/08.md b/isa/46/08.md index 84ba26fc10..728fe27a1f 100644 --- a/isa/46/08.md +++ b/isa/46/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues speaking to his people. -* **for I am God, and there is no other, I am God, and there is no one like me** - This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Yahweh continues speaking to his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/10.md b/isa/46/10.md index 0fa318e7d3..6877e0347b 100644 --- a/isa/46/10.md +++ b/isa/46/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Yahweh continues speaking to his people. -## translationNotes +# I announce the end from the beginning, and beforehand what has not yet happened -* Yahweh continues speaking to his people. -* **I announce the end from the beginning, and beforehand what has not yet happened** - This basically repeats the same idea for emphasis. AT: “I know all things before they happen.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I call a bird of prey from the east** - The "bird of prey" is a reference to Cyrus, King of Persia who is strong and powerful like an eagle. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I have spoken; I will also accomplish it; I have purposed, I will also do it.** - This basically repeats the same idea for emphasis. +This basically repeats the same idea for emphasis. The verb from the first phrase may be supplied for the second. AT: "I announce the end from the beginning, and I announce beforehand what has not yet happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I call a bird of prey from the east + +Yahweh speaks of Cyrus as if he were "a bird of prey." As a bird swiftly captures its prey, so Cyrus will swiftly accomplish Yahweh's purpose to conquer the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have spoken; I will also accomplish it; I have purposed, I will also do it. + +This repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/12.md b/isa/46/12.md index a6902c100c..610e47a779 100644 --- a/isa/46/12.md +++ b/isa/46/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# who are far from doing what is right -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. +Yahweh speaks of the people stubbornly doing wrong as if they were physically far away from doing the right thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my salvation does not wait + +Yahweh speaks of saving his people soon as if his salvation were a person who does not wait to act. The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with a verb. AT: "I will not wait to save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/intro.md b/isa/46/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d898fae3fa --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/46/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Isaiah 46 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +##### Yahweh and the false gods ##### +This chapter is intended to compare Yahweh with various false Gods whom the Israelites worship. There really is no comparison at all because Yahweh alone is God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 46:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../45/intro.md) | [>>](../47/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/01.md b/isa/47/01.md index c637c53a88..915aa3cb35 100644 --- a/isa/47/01.md +++ b/isa/47/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +In this chapter, Yahweh speaks to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# sit in the dust, virgin daughter of Babylon; sit on the ground ... daughter of the Chaldeans. -* **virgin daughter of Babylon** - The "virgin daughter" of a city means the attractive and delicate people of the city. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **without a throne** - Here "throne" refers to their power to rule. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **daughter of the Chaldeans** - The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. Also, Chaldeans are the same group as the Babylonians. AT: "you people of Chaldea” or "you people of Babylon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **You will no longer be called dainty and delicate** - AT: "People will no longer call you beautiful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **millstone** - a large stone used to grind grain +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Sitting in the dust was a sign of humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# virgin daughter of Babylon ... daughter of the Chaldeans + +Both of these phrases refer to the city, Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a daughter. That the city is a "daughter" indicates how people think fondly of her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# without a throne + +Here "throne" refers to the power to rule. AT: "without the power to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You will no longer be called dainty and delicate + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will no longer call you dainty and delicate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# dainty and delicate + +These two words share similar meanings. They describe one who is beautiful and lives in luxury. AT: "very beautiful" or "very luxurious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# millstone + +a large stone used to grind grain \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/03.md b/isa/47/03.md index 6ed297c46e..fdde2b5c57 100644 --- a/isa/47/03.md +++ b/isa/47/03.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Your nakedness will be uncovered -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Babylon. -* **Your nakedness will be uncovered, yes, your shame will be seen** - AT: "You will be naked, yes, and everyone will see your shame" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Our Redeemer** - "Our" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. See how you translated "Redeemer" in [[en:bible:notes:isa:41:14]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **Yahweh of hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:24]]. -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:05:15]]. -* **daughter of the Chaldeans** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:41:01]]. -* **for you will no longer be called** - AT: "for people will no longer call you" -* **Queen of kingdoms** - This means that people will no longer consider Babylon to be the greatest kingdom of all. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will be naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your shame will be seen + +Here the word "shame" is a euphemism for one's private parts. This can be translated in active form. AT: "people will see your shame" or "people will see your private parts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Our Redeemer + +"Our" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. See how you translated "Redeemer" in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:24](../01/24.md). + +# Holy One of Israel + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 5:16](../05/15.md). + +# daughter of the Chaldeans + +This phrase refers to the city, Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a daughter. That the city is a "daughter" indicates how the Chaldeans think fondly of her. See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 47:1](../41/01.md). + +# for you will no longer be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for people will no longer call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# queen of kingdoms + +Yahweh speaks of Babylon being the capital city of the Babylonian empire as if it were a queen who ruled many kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/06.md b/isa/47/06.md index 6dcd9ab153..b812d86474 100644 --- a/isa/47/06.md +++ b/isa/47/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# I was angry -* **I was angry** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **my heritage** - This means the people who belong to Yahweh. -* **your hand** - Here "your" refers to the "people of Babylon" and "hand" refers to their power or control. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you placed a very heavy yoke on the old people** - This means the Babylonians were even demanding heavy work from the oldest of the Israelite people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **as sovereign queen** - This means the Babylonians thought they would rule over all other people and nations. +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. + +# I defiled my heritage + +Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel being his special possession as if they were his heritage or inheritance. AT: "I defiled my people, who are my special possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# gave them over into your hand + +Here the word "hand" represents Babylon's power or control. AT: "I put them under your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you placed a very heavy yoke on the old people + +Yahweh speaks of the Babylonians oppressing the old people as if they had treated the old people like cattle and put heavy yokes on their necks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will rule forever as sovereign queen + +Babylon speaks of permanently ruling over many nations as if she were a queen who would rule forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You did not take these things to heart + +Yahweh speaks of thinking carefully about something as if it were placing that thing on one's heart. AT: "You did not consider these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/08.md b/isa/47/08.md index 56bc042d69..2e9e1f196a 100644 --- a/isa/47/08.md +++ b/isa/47/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# you who love pleasure -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Babylon. -* **you voluptuous one...widowhoood** - In 47:8-9 Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon as if they were a prideful queen. Because of their pride Yahweh will destroy the city and the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"you luxurious one." This refers to the many luxuries that Babylon enjoyed. + +# sit securely + +This refers to Babylon's false sense of security in thinking that she will never lose her position of wealth and honor. AT: "who think you are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will never sit as a widow ... loss of children + +Babylon believing that other nations will never be able to conquer her is spoken of as if she will never become a widow or never have children die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will never sit as a widow + +"I will never become a widow" + +# in a moment in one day + +"suddenly at the same time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/10.md b/isa/47/10.md index 56ec85c3ee..a735c086e7 100644 --- a/isa/47/10.md +++ b/isa/47/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# you say in your heart -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Babylon. +Here the word "heart" refers to the inner person. AT: "you say to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Disaster will overcome you + +Yahweh speaks of disaster as if it were a person who captures Babylon. AT: "You will experience disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Destruction will fall on you + +Yahweh speaks Babylon being destroyed as if destruction were an object that falls upon the city. AT: "You will experience destruction" or "Others will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Calamity will strike you + +Yahweh speaks of Babylon experiencing calamity as if calamity were a person who strikes Babylon. AT: "You will experience calamity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/12.md b/isa/47/12.md index 1f59e8d0d6..87e7580095 100644 --- a/isa/47/12.md +++ b/isa/47/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Persist in casting your spells ... perhaps you will scare away disaster -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Babylon. -* **Persist in casting your spells...let them save you from what will happen to you** - In 47:12-13 Yahweh is mocking the people of Babylon. He challenges them to use magic to keep bad things away, but he knows they cannot. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +Yahweh mocks Babylon by telling her to continue to practice her sorcery to keep bad things away, but he knows that it will not help her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/14.md b/isa/47/14.md index 14328945c9..44f2c71a92 100644 --- a/isa/47/14.md +++ b/isa/47/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# they will become like stubble. The fire will burn them up -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Babylon. -* **they will become like stubble; the fire will burn them up** - Yahweh compares the magicians and sorcerers to straw that burns quickly in a fire. This means they will be no help to the people of Babylon. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **there are no coals here suitable for warming them nor no fire suitable to sit before** - Again, this means the magicians and sorcerers will burn up so quickly the fire will not help the people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They will be for you nothing but toil** - "Those from whom you expected help will make more work for you." +Yahweh compares the magicians and sorcerers to straw that burns quickly in a fire. This means that Yahweh will destroy them as easily as fire burns stubble, and so they are powerless to save Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the hand of the flame + +Here the word "hand" represents strength. AT: "the power of the flame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# There are no coals to warm them and no fire for them to sit by + +Yahweh emphasizes that this is a destructive fire by stating that it is not one that people will use to warm themselves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/intro.md b/isa/47/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a9c3265c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/47/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 47 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Babylon ##### +This chapter prophesied the destruction of Babylon. At the time that the prophesy was written, Assyria was still in power and Babylon had not yet become a world power. The Chaldeans were not yet a powerful nation either. The people of Judah would become servants or slaves of Babylon and be forced to work very hard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 47:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../46/intro.md) | [>>](../48/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/01.md b/isa/48/01.md index 613fe95243..c6bb21cb7a 100644 --- a/isa/48/01.md +++ b/isa/48/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Hear this -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"Listen to my message." Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# house of Jacob -* **Hear this** - Yahweh is speaking. AT: "Listen to my message" -* **house of Jacob** - Here "house" refers to the descendants of Jacob. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who are called by the name Israel** - AT "whom everyone calls the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **have come from the sperm of Judah** - This phrase emphasizes that they are the direct, physical descendants of Judah. AT: "are the descendants of Judah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **invoke the God of Israel** - "call on the God of Israel" -* **they call themselves** - This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "you call yourselves" -* **the holy city** - This refers to Jerusalem. -* **Yahweh of Hosts** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. +Here "house" refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who are called by the name Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom everyone calls the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# have come from the sperm of Judah + +This phrase emphasizes that they are the direct, physical descendants of Judah. AT: "are the descendants of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# invoke the God of Israel + +"call on the God of Israel" + +# they call themselves + +This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "you call yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the holy city + +This refers to Jerusalem. + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/03.md b/isa/48/03.md index a4eb6f779a..93ff1f03ec 100644 --- a/isa/48/03.md +++ b/isa/48/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:ordain]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# they came out from my mouth -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **from my mouth they came forth** - AT: "I spoke these things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **your neck muscles tight as iron, and your forehead like bronze** - "you have stiff necks and hard heads." Both of these phrases mean the people were stubborn. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **I declared these things to you beforehand; before they happened I informed you** - This is also saying the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"Mouth" refers to someone speaking. AT: "I spoke these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your neck muscles tight as iron, and your forehead like bronze + +Yahweh compares the tightness of their neck muscles and the hardness of their foreheads to the hardness of iron and bronze. Here, to have a tight neck or a hard forehead is a metaphor that means the people are stubborn. AT: "it is as if your necks were iron and your heads were bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I declared these things to you beforehand; before they happened I informed you + +This is saying the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/06.md b/isa/48/06.md index abbd4ebaa0..5692554cff 100644 --- a/isa/48/06.md +++ b/isa/48/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# will you not admit what I said is true? -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **will you not admit what I said is true?** - Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Israel for not admitting what they should know is true. AT: "but you are stubborn and will not admit what I said is true." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Israel for not admitting what they should know is true. AT: "you are stubborn and will not admit what I said is true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/08.md b/isa/48/08.md index ee196c4c13..6ff25e342c 100644 --- a/isa/48/08.md +++ b/isa/48/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# these things were not unfolded to your ears beforehand -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **these things were not unfolded to your ears beforehand** - AT: "I never explained these things to you before" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **from birth** - Here "birth" refers to when they became a nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:isa:46:03]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of explaining something as if it were unfolding it. The word "ears" represents the people who are listening. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I did not explain these things to you beforehand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from birth + +Yahweh speaks of the nation's beginning as if it were its birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/09.md b/isa/48/09.md index 2c8fb94c29..3e93376a71 100644 --- a/isa/48/09.md +++ b/isa/48/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# For the sake of my name I will defer my anger -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **For the sake of my name I will defer my anger** - AT: "For the sake of my reputation I will delay my anger. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and for my honor I will hold back from destroying you** - This part of the sentence means basically the same thing as the first part. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Look, I refined you, but not as silver; I have purified you in the furnace of affliction** - Just like people put silver in the hot fire to remove dirt and impurities, Yahweh has purified his people from their sinful behavior by making them suffer much. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for how can I allow my name to be dishonored?** - Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can never allow his own name to be dishonored. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the word "name" refers to Yahweh's reputation. AT: "For the sake of my reputation I will delay my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for my honor I will hold back from destroying you + +This part of the sentence means basically the same thing as the first part. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Look, I refined you, but not as silver; I have purified you in the furnace of affliction + +Yahweh speaks of using affliction to purify his people as if they were precious metals and affliction were a furnace in which he refines them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for how can I allow my name to be dishonored? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can never allow his own name to be dishonored. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for I cannot allow anyone to dishonor my name." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/12.md b/isa/48/12.md index 6930ea00d2..30308e847f 100644 --- a/isa/48/12.md +++ b/isa/48/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Jacob, and Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Jacob, and Israel, whom I called** - Both of these refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **I am the first, I also am the last** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:44:06]]. -* **my hand...my right hand** - Here "hand" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the foundations of the earth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:24:17]]. -* **spread out the heavens** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:isa:42:05]]. +Both of these refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am the first, I also am the last + +This phrase emphasizes Yahweh's eternal nature. Possible meanings are 1) "I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things" or 2) "I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:6](../44/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# my hand laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand spread out the heavens + +Here "hand" refers to Yahweh. AT: "I laid the foundation of the earth, and I spread out the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the foundation of the earth + +The word "foundation" normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and hold the earth in place. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 24:18](../24/17.md). + +# spread out the heavens + +Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric which Yahweh stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when I call to them, they stand up together + +Standing up when Yahweh calls is a metaphor for being ready to obey him. Yahweh speaks of the earth and the heavens as if they were able to hear him and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# when I call to them + +Possible meanings are 1) "when I call the earth and the heavens" or 2) "when I call the stars in the heavens." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/14.md b/isa/48/14.md index 14ae2cf5b0..ab2f519abb 100644 --- a/isa/48/14.md +++ b/isa/48/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Who among you has announced these things? -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Who among you has announced these things?** - Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the idols have not told them these things. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Yahweh's ally will accomplish his purpose against Babylon. He will carry out Yahweh's will against the Chaldeans.** - Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. Here "ally" refers to Cyrus, the king of Persia. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I, I** - The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the idols have not told them these things. AT: "None of your idols has told this to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yahweh's ally will accomplish his purpose against Babylon. He will carry out Yahweh's will against the Chaldeans + +Here "ally" refers to Cyrus. Both of these sentences mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his purpose + +"Yahweh's purpose" + +# I, I + +The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. AT: "I myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/16.md b/isa/48/16.md index 1b85cb0454..d1b3b4ce59 100644 --- a/isa/48/16.md +++ b/isa/48/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I have not spoken in secret -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I have not spoken in secret** - AT: "I have spoken plainly and clearly" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **sent me** - Here "me" refers to an unknown servant of Yahweh, maybe Isaiah or Cyrus or the promised Messiah. +This can be expressed positively. AT: "I have spoken plainly and clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# sent me + +Here "me" refers to an unknown servant of Yahweh, maybe Isaiah or Cyrus or the promised Messiah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/17.md b/isa/48/17.md index 8ec45936bf..31edb1828a 100644 --- a/isa/48/17.md +++ b/isa/48/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# your Redeemer ... your God -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "your" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Redeemer -* **Redeemer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:41:14]]. -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. -* **your God** - Here "your" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **who leads you by the way that you should go** - This compares Yahweh telling the people what they should do to a shepherd leading his sheep on the correct path. This means Yahweh cares for the people and wants them to do what is right. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **If only you had obeyed my commandments** - In 48:18-19 Yahweh describes something that could have happened but did not. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Then your peace and prosperity would have flowed like a river, and your salvation like the waves of the sea** - Both of these mean their peace and security would have been abundant. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). + +# Holy One of Israel + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). + +# who leads you by the way that you should go + +Yahweh teaching the people how they should live is spoken of as if he were leading them to walk on the correct paths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If only you had obeyed my commandments + +Yahweh describes something that could have happened but did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Then your peace and prosperity would have flowed like a river, and your salvation like the waves of the sea + +These two phrases share similar meanings. In both, Yahweh speaks of Israel's experiencing abundant blessings as if those blessings flowed like water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your salvation like the waves of the sea + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "your salvation would have flowed like the waves of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/19.md b/isa/48/19.md index 9db5b00dc8..664df51558 100644 --- a/isa/48/19.md +++ b/isa/48/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Yahweh continues describing a hypothetical situation to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Your descendants would have been as numerous as the sand, and the children from your womb as numerous as the grains of sand -* Yahweh continues describing a hypothetical situation to the people of Israel. (See: [[en:bible:notes:isa:48:17]].) -* **Your descendants would have been as numerous as the sand, and the children from your womb as numerous as the grains of sand** - These both mean that the people would have had more descendants than they could count. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **their name would not have been cut off** - The people would not have lost their reputations or family histories. AT: "I would not have needed to destroy them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These both mean that the people would have had more descendants than they could count. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the children from your womb + +Yahweh speaks of the descendants of the people of Israel as if they were children to which the nation gives birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their name would not have been cut off nor blotted out + +The people of Israel being destroyed is spoken of as if their name had been cut off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree, or blotted out. This can be translated in active form. AT: "I would not have cut off nor blotted out their name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their name + +Here the word "name" refers to the descendants who would carry on the name of Israel. AT: "they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cut off nor blotted out + +These two expressions in this context refer to destroying the people. AT: "destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/20.md b/isa/48/20.md index abc6c8d19c..f56183d6f7 100644 --- a/isa/48/20.md +++ b/isa/48/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# to the ends of the earth -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **his servant Jacob** - AT: "the people of Israel, his servants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to the ends of the earth!** - to the farthest parts of the whole world (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT: "to all the farthest places of the earth" or "to the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# his servant Jacob + +This refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "the people of Israel, his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/21.md b/isa/48/21.md index 28380ad123..9e0f23e816 100644 --- a/isa/48/21.md +++ b/isa/48/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They did not thirst ... the waters gushed out -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **They did not thirst...water gushed out** - This refers to an event in the history of the people of Israel when Yahweh took care of them while they lived in the desert. +This refers to an event in the history of the people of Israel when Yahweh took care of them while they lived in the desert after escaping Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/intro.md b/isa/48/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f1d0356c5a --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/48/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Isaiah 48 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +##### Yahweh and the false gods ##### + +This chapter is set up to compare Yahweh with various false Gods whom the Israelites worship. There really is no comparison between the two because Yahweh alone is God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Exile ##### +Yahweh explains purpose behind the Jews exile in Babylon, even though it is still in the future. This emphasizes that that Yahweh is much more powerful than the false gods. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 48:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../47/intro.md) | [>>](../49/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/01.md b/isa/49/01.md index a863ce72e1..7d6b8d95d5 100644 --- a/isa/49/01.md +++ b/isa/49/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen to me -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "me" refers to Yahweh's servant. -## translationNotes +# you coastlands -* **Listen to me** - Here "me" refers to Yahweh's servant. -* **He has made my mouth like a sharp sword** - This means that his message has the power to save or destroy. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he hid me in the shadow of his hand** - This means Yahweh has protected his servant and kept his purpose secret. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **he has made me into a polished arrow; in his quiver he has hidden me** - This also means Yahweh has protected his servant to be ready for attack later and kept his purpose secret. An arrow is used to attack an enemy. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to the people who live on the coastlands. AT: "you who live on the coastlands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He has made my mouth like a sharp sword + +Here the word "mouth" represents the words that he speaks. His words are compared to a sharp sword to emphasize that they will be effective. AT: "He has made my words as effective as a sharp sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he hid me in the shadow of his hand + +Yahweh protecting his servant and keeping his purpose secret is spoken of as if Yahweh's hand cast a shadow over him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has made me into a polished arrow; in his quiver he has hidden me + +Yahweh's servant being able to carry out Yahweh's purposes effectively is spoken of as if the servant were a sharp, new arrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in his quiver he has hidden me + +Yahweh protecting his servant and keeping his purpose secret is spoken of as if Yahweh kept him hidden in a quiver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# quiver + +a case used to carry arrows \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/03.md b/isa/49/03.md index 960a00d944..c2e6f857d1 100644 --- a/isa/49/03.md +++ b/isa/49/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# He said -* Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -* **He said** - "Yahweh said" -* **You are my servant, Israel** - "You are my servant, whom I call Israel" -* **Though I thought** - Here the servant begins to speak. "I" refers to Yahweh's servant. +"Yahweh said" + +# You are my servant, Israel + +"You are my servant, whom I call Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/05.md b/isa/49/05.md index 45bdb02d20..820c63ad34 100644 --- a/isa/49/05.md +++ b/isa/49/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# that Israel would be gathered to him -* Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -* **that Israel be gathered to him** - This part of the sentence means the same as the part before it. AT: "to bring the people of Israel back to himself." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I am honored in the eyes of Yahweh** - Here "eyes" means God's thoughts or opinion. AT: "Yahweh considers me honored" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will make you a light to the Gentiles** - This means he will cause even those who are not Israelites to understand and to worship Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This part of the sentence means the same as the part before it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to bring the people of Israel back to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I am honored in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has honored me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my God has become my strength + +God giving the servant strength is spoken of as if God himself were his strength. AT: "my God has given me strength" or "my God has strengthened me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make you a light to the Gentiles + +The servant bringing Yahweh's message to the Gentiles and helping them to understand it is spoken of as if Yahweh made the servant a light that shines among the Gentiles. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:6](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the ends of the earth + +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT "to all the farthest places of the earth" or "to the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/07.md b/isa/49/07.md index 5e1d56ad55..407b8b804e 100644 --- a/isa/49/07.md +++ b/isa/49/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Redeemer -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). -## translationNotes +# to the one whose life is despised, hated by the nations, and a slave of rulers -* **Redeemer** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:41:14]]. -* **to the one who is despised, abhored by the nations** - This refers to Yahweh's servant. AT: "to the one whom the people of the nations hate and reject" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. +Here the word "life" represents the person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to the one whom people despised, whom the nations hated and held as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Holy One of Israel + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/08.md b/isa/49/08.md index 1fb43a7eb7..fae00c5a35 100644 --- a/isa/49/08.md +++ b/isa/49/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# At a time I decide to show my favor I will answer you, and in a day of salvation I will help you -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two clauses mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I will answer you -* **I will answer you** - Here "you" refers to Yahweh's servant. -* **At a time I decide to show my favor I will answer you, and in a day of salvation I will help you** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and give you as a covenant for the people** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:isa:42:05]]. +Here "you" refers to Yahweh's servant. + +# in a day of salvation + +The word "salvation" can be translated as a verb. AT: "when the time comes for me to save you" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# give you as a covenant for the people + +Here the word "covenant" is a metonym for the one who establishes or mediates a covenant. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:6](../42/05.md). AT: "make you be the mediator of a covenant with the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to rebuild the land + +Here the word "land" represents the cities in the land that had been destroyed. AT: "to rebuild the ruined places in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to reassign the desolate inheritance + +Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that the people of Israel received as a permanent possession. It is implied that the servant is to reassign the land to the people of Israel. AT: "to reassign the desolate land to the people of Israel as their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/09.md b/isa/49/09.md index 535549d9fb..de784a7cdc 100644 --- a/isa/49/09.md +++ b/isa/49/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Yahweh continues speaking to his servant. -## translationNotes +# They will graze along the roads, and on all the bare slopes will be their pasture -* Yahweh continues speaking to his servant. -* **they will graze along the roads** - This means the people who were captives will be free and live in peace. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people living freely and prosperously as if they were sheep that had plenty of pasture in which to graze. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/10.md b/isa/49/10.md index b20f86cf6b..2851e04c5b 100644 --- a/isa/49/10.md +++ b/isa/49/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# They will not -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **They will not** - Here "they" refers to God's people. -* **I will make all my mountains into a road, and make my highways level** - This means God will remove anything that may stop his people from returning home. +Here "they" refers to God's people. + +# nor will the heat or sun beat on them + +Here the word "heat" describes the word "sun." The people suffering from the sun's heat is spoken of as if the heat struck them. AT: "nor will they suffer from the sun's heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for he who has mercy on them ... he will guide them + +Yahweh speaks of himself in the third person. He speaks of protecting the people and caring for them as if he were their shepherd. AT: "I, the one who has mercy on them ... I will guide them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make all my mountains into a road, and make my highways level + +Yahweh speaks of guiding his people safely and removing obstacles from their path as if he turned mountains into roads and level highways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/12.md b/isa/49/12.md index 9df959dcd0..e0c6425de9 100644 --- a/isa/49/12.md +++ b/isa/49/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the land of Sinim -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The location of this place is uncertain, but it may refer to a region in the southern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Sing, heavens, and be joyful, earth; break into singing, you mountains! -* **the land of Sinim** - This probably is a region in the south of Egypt near Aswan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Sing, heavens and be joyful, earth; break into singing, you mountains!** - Isaiah turns his attention from the people of Israel and speaks to the heavens, earth, and mountains as if they were people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) +Isaiah turns his attention from the people of Israel and speaks to the heavens, earth, and mountains as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/14.md b/isa/49/14.md index b94b55a97a..6d48eb82a9 100644 --- a/isa/49/14.md +++ b/isa/49/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# But Zion said -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The word "Zion" is another name for Jerusalem. Isaiah speaks of the city as if it were a woman who complains that Yahweh has forgotten her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Can a woman forget her baby, nursing at her breast, so she does not have compassion on the son she has borne? -* **Can a woman forget her baby, nursing at her breast, so she does not have compassion on the son she has borne? Yes, they may forget, but I will not forget you** - Yahweh uses a question to help his people understand that he will never forget about them or stop caring for them. AT: "A woman would not forget about her child or stop caring for her baby. But, even if she did, I certainly will not forget you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to help his people understand that he will never forget about them or stop caring for them. AT: "A woman would not forget her nursing baby or stop caring for the son she bore." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/16.md b/isa/49/16.md index c4c00efd8c..b096e018fe 100644 --- a/isa/49/16.md +++ b/isa/49/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# I have inscribed your name on my palms -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I have inscribed your name on my palms** - This means that God is always thinking about the honor of his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Your children are hurrying back** - AT: "Your descendants are hurrying back to rebuild your city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **As surely as I live** - This is an oath formula. -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. -* **you will surely wear them like jewelry; you will put them on, like a bride** - This means the descendants that return will cause the city of Jerusalem to be beautiful and happy again. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Yahweh speaks of his unwavering devotion to Zion as if he had written her name on the palms of his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your walls are continually before me + +Yahweh speaks of always thinking about Zion as if her walls were always before him. The word "walls" is a metonym for the city. AT: "I am continually thinking about your walls" or "I am always thinking about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your children are hurrying back + +Yahweh speaks of the people who are returning to live in Jerusalem as if they were the city's children. AT: "Your inhabitants are hurrying back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# As surely as I live + +This is an oath formula that Yahweh uses to guarantee the truth of what he is saying. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you will surely wear them like jewelry, and you will put them on like a bride + +Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of Zion as if they were jewelry that the city wears to show her beauty and joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will put them on like a bride + +The last part of the phrase can be clarified from the previous line. AT: "you will put them on, like a bride wears jewelry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/19.md b/isa/49/19.md index d5b10e7568..b50eb5a3e9 100644 --- a/isa/49/19.md +++ b/isa/49/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Though you were a waste and desolate -* Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person, a widow. -* **Though you were a waste and desolate** - "Though the enemy left you destroyed and empty" -* **bereavement - ** - ** This refers to the time when the Israelites were in exile in Babylon. -* **The children born during the time of your bereavement** - AT: "The children born during the exile" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The words "a waste" and "desolate" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the enemy has destroyed Zion and left it empty. AT: "Though you were completely desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# those who devoured you + +The enemy destroying Zion is spoken of as if they had devoured it. AT: "those who destroyed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The children born during the time of your bereavement + +Yahweh speaks of the time when the people of Jerusalem were in exile as if the city was bereaved of her children. Those who were born while the people were in exile are spoken of as the city's children. AT: "Those who will inhabit you, who were born while the people were in exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The place is too cramped for us + +This means that there will be so many people that the city will be too small for them all to live in it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/21.md b/isa/49/21.md index 860723fb8a..8be2b2541c 100644 --- a/isa/49/21.md +++ b/isa/49/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Who has borne these children for me? -* Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person. -* **Who has borne these children for me?** - Zion uses a question to emphasize that she is surprised that so many children now belong to her. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I was bereaved and barren** - "I was mourning over my dead children and unable to have more" -* **exiled and divorced** - "I was sent away, without a husband" -* **Who has raised these children? Look, I was left all alone; where did these come from?** - Again, Zion uses questions to emphasize her surprise. AT: "Look, I was left all alone; now all of these children that I did not raise have come to me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Zion speaks of the people who are returning to inhabit the city as if those people were her children. Zion's question expresses her surprise that so many children now belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I was bereaved and barren, exiled and divorced + +Zion describes herself as a woman incapable of having more children. She indicates the reasons for her great surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was bereaved and barren + +"I was mourning over my dead children and unable to have more" + +# exiled and divorced + +"I was sent away, without a husband" + +# Who has raised these children? Look, I was left all alone; where did these come from? + +Again, Zion uses questions to expresses her surprise. AT: "Look, I was left all alone; now all of these children that I did not raise have come to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/22.md b/isa/49/22.md index 1034d1aef3..de8b6feb02 100644 --- a/isa/49/22.md +++ b/isa/49/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. He explains how she is able to have so many children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# I will raise my hand to the nations; I will raise my signal flag to the peoples -* Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person. -* **I will raise my hand to the nations; I will raise my signal flag to the peoples** - These clauses mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "I will call the people of the nations to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **your sons … your daughters** - This refers to the Israelites who will return from exile. +These two clauses mean basically the same thing. AT: "I will raise my hand and signal with a flag for the people of the nations to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They will bring your sons in their arms and carry your daughters on their shoulders + +Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Jerusalem as if they were the city's children. He also speaks of the people of other nations helping the Israelites to return to Jerusalem as if they were carrying the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/23.md b/isa/49/23.md index 554da3a796..7eebaa6820 100644 --- a/isa/49/23.md +++ b/isa/49/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursemaids -* Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person. -* **Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursemaids** - AT: "Kings and queens from the nations will take care of you and your children" -* **lick the dust of your feet** - At that time, people bowed to the ground to show their submission to a king. This is a sign that kings and queens will completely humble themselves and respect Zion. -* **will not be put to shame** - AT: "I will not put to shame" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Zion as if they were the city's children. The terms "foster fathers" and "nursemaids" refer to men and women who become responsible for the care of children. AT: "The kings and queens of other nations will provide for your inhabitants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will bow down to you with their faces to the earth and lick the dust of your feet + +These phrases describe gestures that people used to express complete submission to a superior. + +# lick the dust of your feet + +Possible meanings are 1) that this is a literal expression of submission where the person licks the dust off of a superior's foot or from the ground at the superior's foot or 2) that this is an idiom that describes a person prostrating himself before a superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will not be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will not be ashamed" or "will not be disappointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/24.md b/isa/49/24.md index 03a8a90656..2ec3562af9 100644 --- a/isa/49/24.md +++ b/isa/49/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Can the spoils be taken from the warrior, or captives be rescued from the fierce? -* **spoils - valuable items taken from the losers in a battle** - valuable items taken from the losers in a battle** -* **Can the spoils be taken from the warrior, or captives be rescued from a tyrant?** - Isaiah uses questions to emphasize that a person cannot take anything from a mighty soldier or king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the captives will be taken away from the warrior, and spoils will be rescued** - AT: "I will take the captives from the warrior, and I will get back the spoils" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your adversary … your children** - Here "your" refers to the city of Zion as if it were a person who has enemies and the people who live in Zion are her children. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Isaiah uses a question to express the difficulty of taking anything from a mighty soldier or a very strong warrior. This can be stated in active form. AT: "A person cannot take the spoils from a warrior or rescue captives from fierce soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# spoils + +valuable items taken from the losers in a battle + +# the captives will be taken away from the warrior, and spoils will be rescued + +Yahweh says that he will do what is usually impossible for people to do. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will take the captives from the warrior, and I will rescue the spoils" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will ... save your children + +Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Zion as if they were the city's children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/26.md b/isa/49/26.md index 52240d2ca5..69f5762c88 100644 --- a/isa/49/26.md +++ b/isa/49/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person. -## translationNotes +# I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh -* Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person. -* **And I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh** - This means Yahweh will cause the Babylonians to fight each other. Some will even join the enemies of Babylonia who are out to conquer them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine** - This means Yahweh will cause Israel's enemies to kill one another and that there will be much bloodshed and even enjoyment in it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the oppressors will be so hungry that they will eat the flesh of their friends who have died. AT: "I will cause your oppressors to eat their own flesh" or 2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were eating themselves. AT: "I will cause your oppressors to destroy themselves, as if they were eating their own flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine + +Possible meanings are 1) the oppressors will be so thirsty that they drink the blood of their friends who have died. AT: "they will drink their friends' blood and be like weak people who are drunk on wine" or 2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were drinking their own blood. AT: "they will shed so much of their friends' blood that it will be as though they were getting drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/intro.md b/isa/49/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..819903a4e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/49/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 49 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the messiah. Isaiah 49:1-6 is the second of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### A day of salvation ##### +It is unclear if this is a reference to the gospel proclaimed by the messiah or to the day of restoration of all things. The translator should not try to explain its reference to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 49:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../48/intro.md) | [>>](../50/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/01.md b/isa/50/01.md index ceae20e204..3d2beefe4d 100644 --- a/isa/50/01.md +++ b/isa/50/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Where is the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother? -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh speaks of Zion as if the city were the mother of the people who lived there and of sending the people into exile as if he were divorcing their mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Where is the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother? -* **Where is the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother?** - Yahweh uses a question for emphasis. Here "mother" refers to the city of Zion. This means that Yahweh did not send the people of Zion away like a man who decides to divorce his wife. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **And to which of my creditors did I sell you?** - Yahweh uses a question for emphasis. This means Yahweh did not send his people into slavery like a man who sells his children to pay for his debts. -* **you were sold because of your sins, and because of your rebellion, your mother was sent away** - AT: "I sent you away because you continually sinned and rebelled against me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question so that the people would produce "the certificate of divorce," which would provide the reason Yahweh sent them into exile. AT: "Show me the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# To which of my creditors did I sell you? + +Yahweh speaks of sending the people into exile as if he were selling them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# To which of my creditors did I sell you? + +Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that he did not sell them because he owed a debt to a creditor. It is implied that this is what the people had thought. AT: "I did not sell you because I owed a debt to someone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you were sold because of your sins, and because of your rebellion, your mother was sent away + +Yahweh gives the reason for sending the people into exile, which he speaks of as if he had sold them and divorced their mother. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I sold you because of your sins, and I divorced your mother because of your rebellion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/02.md b/isa/50/02.md index 1a9b2fd4a4..656b179cfe 100644 --- a/isa/50/02.md +++ b/isa/50/02.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Why did I come but there was no one there? Why did I call but no one answered? -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Why did I come but there was no one there? Why did I call but no one answered?** - Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people are in exile not because he was not willing to save them but because they did not respond to him. AT: "I came to you, but you did not respond to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Was my hand too short to ransom you? Was there no power in me to rescue you?** - Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he has the power to rescue his people. AT: "I certainly have the power to rescue you from your enemies" -* **I clothe the sky with darkness; I cover it with sackcloth** - This means Yahweh has the power to make the sky dark. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two sentences mean basically the same thing. Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that the people are in exile because they did not respond to him, not because he was unwilling to save them. AT: "When I came to you, you should have been there, but you were not. When I called you, you should have answered, but you did not." or "When I came to speak to you, you did not respond to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Was my hand too short to ransom you? Was there no power in me to rescue you? + +Yahweh uses two similar questions to rebuke the people for believing that he was not strong enough to rescue them. AT: "My hand was certainly not too short for me to ransom you, and I had the power to rescue you!" or "I certainly have the power to rescue you from your enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Was my hand too short + +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh's power. Yahweh not being strong enough is spoken of as if his hand were short. AT: "Was I not strong enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Was there no power in me + +"Did I not have the power" + +# I make the rivers a desert + +Yahweh speaks of drying up the rivers as if he were turning them into a desert. AT: "I make the rivers as dry as a desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their fish die for lack of water and rot + +"their fish die and rot for lack of water." The word "their" refers to the sea and the rivers. + +# I clothe the sky with darkness; I cover it with sackcloth + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of causing the sky to become dark as if he were clothing it with sackcloth. AT: "I make the sky dark, as if it were wearing dark sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/04.md b/isa/50/04.md index af73193044..9181d0b6c0 100644 --- a/isa/50/04.md +++ b/isa/50/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Yahweh's servant begins to speak. -## translationNotes +# The Lord Yahweh has given me a tongue as one of those who are taught -* **The Lord Yahweh has given me a tongue as one of those who are taught** - Here "me" refers to Yahweh's servant. The word "tongue" refers to speech. AT: "The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to speak like a wise student" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he awakens my ear to hear like those who are taught** - Here "my ear" refers to Yahweh's servant. This means the servant listens to Yahweh the way a student listens to a teacher. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "tongue" represents what he says. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has enabled him to speak as one who has learned to speak skillfully. AT: "The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to be a skillful speaker" or 2) Yahweh has taught him what to say. AT: "The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to speak what he has taught me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he awakens my ear to hear + +Here "my ear" refers to Yahweh's servant. Yahweh enabling him to hear and understand what Yahweh teaches him is spoken of as if Yahweh awakened his ear from sleep. AT: "he has enabled me to understand what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like those who are taught + +The servant compares himself with a student who learns from his teacher. Possible meanings are 1) "like one who learns from his teacher" or 2) "like one whom he has taught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/05.md b/isa/50/05.md index abb796b155..59e131c992 100644 --- a/isa/50/05.md +++ b/isa/50/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +The servant of Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# The Lord Yahweh has opened my ear -* The servant of Yahweh continues speaking. -* **has opened my ear** - AT: "has enabled me to hear him speaking" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and I was not rebellious, nor did I turn away backward** - AT: "and I obeyed what he said" -* **I did not hide my face from acts of shame and spitting** - AT: "I gave myself to those who mocked me and spat at me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Yahweh enabling his servant to hear and understand is spoken of as if Yahweh opened his ear. AT: "The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to hear and understand him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was not rebellious, nor did I turn away backward + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Disobeying what Yahweh said is spoken of as if it were turning one's back toward him. This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "I obeyed what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I gave my back to those who beat me, and my cheeks to those who plucked out my beard + +Allowing people to beat him and pluck out his beard is spoken of as if it were giving his back and cheeks to them. AT: "I allowed people to beat me on my back and to pluck out my beard from my cheeks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I did not hide my face from acts of shame and spitting + +Hiding one's face means to protect oneself. AT: "I did not defend myself when they mocked me and spat on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/07.md b/isa/50/07.md index 3fe0e1b22f..86eaa0a3b9 100644 --- a/isa/50/07.md +++ b/isa/50/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# therefore I am not disgraced -* Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -* **therefore I am not disgraced** - Even though the servant has been mistreated, he is in the will of Yahweh and so does not lose face. AT: "therefore I am not humiliated" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **so I have made my face like flint** - Here "my face" refers to the servant. Also "flint" is a hard rock. This means he will resist any attempt to humiliate him; he is ready to endure anything. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **for I know that I will not be put to shame** - The servant looks to the future with confidence, secure in Yahweh's calling. AT: "for I know that my enemies will not be able to make me feel shame" +Even though the servant has been mistreated, he will not be ashamed because he has obeyed Yahweh. This can be stated in active form. AT: "therefore I will not be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so I have made my face like flint + +Here "my face" refers to the servant. The servant being steadfastly determined to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if his face were as hard as flint. AT: "so I am absolutely determined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for I know that I will not be put to shame + +The servant looks to the future with confidence, secure in Yahweh's calling. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for I know that my enemies will not be able to make me feel shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/08.md b/isa/50/08.md index 68ddcb9df5..7764df0c1d 100644 --- a/isa/50/08.md +++ b/isa/50/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Who will oppose me? Let us stand ... Who is my accuser? Let him come -* Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -* **Who will oppose me… Who is my accuser… Who will declare me guilty?** - The servant uses these questions to emphasize that no one can prove before God that he has done anything wrong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **they will all wear out like a garment; the moth will eat them up** - This means God will remove those who accuse his servant. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The servant uses these questions to emphasize that there is no one who can legitimately accuse him of wrong. AT: "If anyone would oppose me, let us stand ... If anyone would accuse me, let him come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who will declare me guilty? + +The servant uses this question to assert that no one can declare him guilty. AT: "There is no one who can declare me guilty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they will all wear out like a garment; the moth will eat them up + +There being no one left to accuse the servant of being guilty is spoken of as if the accusers were garments that wear thin and are eaten by moths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/10.md b/isa/50/10.md index 3e03e52395..ff8d461b9a 100644 --- a/isa/50/10.md +++ b/isa/50/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The servant continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Who among you fears Yahweh? Who obeys the voice of his servant? Who walks in deep darkness without light? He should ... his God. -* The servant continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Who among you fears Yahweh? Who obeys the voice of his servant? Who walks in deep darkness without light?** - Here Isaiah lays out responses to the servant in question form, telling God's people to continue to trust and obey Yahweh, even in the darkness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The servant uses these questions to identify those to whom he is speaking. AT: "If someone among you fears Yahweh and obeys the voice of his servant, but he walks in deep darkness without light, then he should ... his God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# obeys the voice of his servant + +Here the word "voice" represents what the servant says. AT: "obeys his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walks in deep darkness without light + +The servant speaks of people who are suffering and feel helpless as if they were walking in a very dark place. AT: "is suffering and feels helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# trust in the name of Yahweh and lean on his God + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. Trusting in God is spoken of as if it were leaning on him. AT: "trust in Yahweh, his God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/11.md b/isa/50/11.md index 8285e77631..fc68f8a9a1 100644 --- a/isa/50/11.md +++ b/isa/50/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all you who light fires ... flames that you have ignited -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +This continues the metaphor from the previous verse of people who walk in darkness. Here people who try to live according to their own wisdom instead of trusting in Yahweh are spoken of as if they lit their own fires and carried about torches in order to see in the dark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You will lie down in a place of pain -* **all you who light fires … flames that you have ignited** - Isaiah continues to speak here for God. This refers to the people in darkness who try to live according to their own "light," that is, by their own wisdom, instead of obeying God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **From my hand** - This refers to Yahweh. AT: "From me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **you will lie down in a place of pain** - Here to "lie down" refers to dying. AT: "You will die with great suffering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Here to "lie down" refers to dying. Dying painfully is spoken of as if it were lying down in a place where they will experience pain. AT: "You will die with great suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/intro.md b/isa/50/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e220186ca --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/50/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 50 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the messiah. Isaiah 50:4-9 is the third of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions prove Yahweh's point and are intended to convince the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 50:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../49/intro.md) | [>>](../51/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/01.md b/isa/51/01.md index 5985ba400b..0f79cd7593 100644 --- a/isa/51/01.md +++ b/isa/51/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen to me -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "me" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# look at the rock ... and to the quarry -* **Listen to me** - Here "me" is Yahweh. -* **look at the rock from which you were chiseled and to the quarry from which you were cut** - Both phrases mean basically the same thing. This refers to a person cutting out smaller stones from a large rock to use for building. God compares this to Abraham and Sarah through whom he made the nation of Israel. AT: "Think about your ancestors who are like the rock from which I chiseled you and made you a nation." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Looking at something represents thinking about it. AT: "think about the rock ... and the quarry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rock from which you were chiseled and to the quarry from which you were cut + +God speaks of the nation of Israel as if it were a building made of stones and as if their ancestors were a rock or quarry from which God cut them. This can be stated clearly. AT: "your ancestors, who are like a rock from which you were chiseled and a quarry from which you were cut" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rock from which you were chiseled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the rock from which I chiseled you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# chiseled + +"cut with a chisel" or "cut" + +# the quarry from which you were cut + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the quarry from which I cut you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/02.md b/isa/51/02.md index f6f60d7847..867141cb2e 100644 --- a/isa/51/02.md +++ b/isa/51/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:Sarah]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:other:father]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Abraham, your father -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Abraham … Sarah** - The people of Israel are //descendants// of Abraham and Sarah not their literal children in this context. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +God speaks of their ancestor as if he were their father. AT: "Abraham, your forefather" or "Abraham, your ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Sarah, who bore you + +God speaks of Abraham's wife as if she were their mother and had given birth to them. AT: "Abraham's wife, Sarah, of whom you are all descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when he was a lone individual + +This means when he did not have any children yet. This can be stated clearly. AT: "when he had no children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# made him many + +God speaks of Abraham's descendants being many as if Abraham were many. AT: "made his descendants many" or "made him have many descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/03.md b/isa/51/03.md index 4d09418d50..67e985c35e 100644 --- a/isa/51/03.md +++ b/isa/51/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh will comfort Zion -* [[en:tw:Eden]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The city of Zion, which is also called Jerusalem, here represents the people of Zion. AT: "Yahweh will comfort the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# he will comfort all her waste places -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Yahweh will comfort Zion** - AT: "Yahweh will comfort the people of Zion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **her wilderness he made like Eden, and her desert plains beside the Jordan river valley like the garden of Yahweh** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. It means God will restore beauty and happiness to the places that are empty. Also, in prophecy, events that will happen in the future are often described as something in the past. This emphasizes that it certainly will happen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **joy and gladness will be found in her** - AT: "there will be joy and gladness in Zion again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "waste places" represents the people who live in those desolate areas. AT: "he will comfort the people who live in all her waste places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# her waste places ... her wilderness ... her desert plains + +The word "her" refers to Zion. Cities are often spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# waste places + +places that have been destroyed + +# her wilderness he made like Eden, and her desert plains ... like the garden of Yahweh + +These phrases mean that God will make the empty places in Israel beautiful. In prophecy, events that will happen in the future are often described as being in the past. This emphasizes that they will certainly happen. AT: "he will make her wilderness like Eden and her desert plains ... like the garden of Yahweh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# joy and gladness will be found in her + +Joy and gladness mean the same thing. Being found there represents being there. AT: "there will be joy and gladness in Zion again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/04.md b/isa/51/04.md index ca01c9d5fc..ba5e7781c1 100644 --- a/isa/51/04.md +++ b/isa/51/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofGod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Yahweh speaks to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Be attentive to me ... listen to me -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Be attentive to me, my people; and listen to me, my people** - These mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will make my justice to be a light for the nations** - This means the people of the nations will understand and obey God's law. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **My righteousness is near** - This means God will soon fulfill his promises to the people of Israel. -* **the coastlands** - This refers to the most distant lands. AT: "the lands across the sea." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my arm** - Here "arm" refers to Yahweh's power. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. Together they strengthen the command to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will make my justice to be a light for the nations + +Here God's justice represents his law, and a light represents knowledge of what is right. This means the people of the nations will understand and obey God's law. AT: "my law will teach the nations what is right" or "the nations will know my law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My righteousness is near + +The idea of "near" represents "soon." God's righteousness being near represents him soon showing his righteousness. He will do this this by fulfilling his promises and saving people. AT: "I will soon show my righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my salvation will go out + +God speaks of saving people as if his salvation were a thing that could go out to them. AT: "I will save people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my arm will judge the nations + +Here God's arm represents his power, and judging represents ruling. AT: "I will rule the nations with my power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the coastlands + +This refers to the people who live on the coasts of distant lands across the sea. AT: "the people who live on the coastlands" or "the people who live in the the lands across the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for my arm they will eagerly wait + +Here God's arm represents what he will do. Here it refers to him saving people. AT: "they will eagerly wait for me to do something" or "they will eagerly wait for me to save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/06.md b/isa/51/06.md index f7f9b44554..f560c15c9b 100644 --- a/isa/51/06.md +++ b/isa/51/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Lift up your eyes to the sky -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **like smoke … like a garment … like flies** - All of these refer to things that quickly and easily disappear or become useless. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Lifting the eyes represents looking at something above. AT: "Look up at the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like smoke ... like a garment ... like flies + +All of these refer to things that quickly and easily disappear or become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my salvation will continue forever + +God's "salvation" here represents the result of his salvation, which is freedom. AT: "I will save you, you will be free forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my righteousness will never stop working + +God's "righteousness" here represents him ruling righteously. AT: "my righteous rule will never end" or "I will rule righteously forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/07.md b/isa/51/07.md index ccfc2d163f..4b267a8ed2 100644 --- a/isa/51/07.md +++ b/isa/51/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# who have my law in your heart -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **nor be disheartened by their abuse** - AT: "and do not lose your courage when they hurt you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For the moth will eat them up like a garment, and the worm will eat them like wool** - This means that God will destroy perhaps slowly but surely those who insult his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Having God's law in the heart represents knowing God's law and wanting to obey it. AT: "who know and honor my law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nor be disheartened by their abuse + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and do not lose your courage when they hurt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For the moth will eat them up like a garment, and the worm will eat them like wool + +God speaks of people who abuse those who are righteous as if they were wool garments, and of their being destroyed as if insects ate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my righteousness will be forever + +God's "righteousness" here represents him ruling righteously. AT: "my righteous rule will be forever" or "I will rule righteously forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and my salvation to all generations + +God's "salvation" here represents the result of his salvation, which is freedom. Being "to all generations" represents lasting forever. AT: "I will save you, and you will be free forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/09.md b/isa/51/09.md index 0ad327f5cc..d395beaf65 100644 --- a/isa/51/09.md +++ b/isa/51/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Awake, awake, clothe yourself with strength, arm of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +People urgently ask Yahweh's arm to help them as if his arm were a person. If it would be odd to speak to the arm, this can be addressed directly to Yahweh instead. AT: "Awake, awake, Yahweh, and clothe your arm with strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Awake, awake ... arm of Yahweh -* **Awake, awake** - These words are repeated for emphasis and shows urgency, to arouse the people of Israel, not to //literally// wake them from sleep. It is unclear who is speaking. It could be the people of Israel, Isaiah, or the servant. -* **clothe yourself with strength** - AT: "show your strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **arm of Yahweh** - The speaker appeals to Yahweh's arm, which represents his power. AT: "O powerful Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Is it not you who crushed the sea monster, you who pierced the dragon?** - The speaker uses a question to emphasize Yahweh's power to do mighty things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the sea monster … the dragon** - Both of these mean the same thing. They refer to Rahab, a mythological serpent that lives in the sea, which can symbolize the nation of Egypt, or it can symbolize evil and chaos. -* **Did you not dry up the sea … for the redeemed to pass through?** - Again, the speaker uses questions to emphasize Yahweh's power to do mighty things. This refers to Yahweh opening the Red Sea for the Israelites to cross and escape the army of Egypt. +People speak as if Yahweh's arm were asleep because it has not been helping them. Here the "arm of Yahweh" represents Yahweh, specifically him helping people. The word "Awake" is repeated to show that they need God's help urgently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# clothe yourself with strength + +Strength is spoken of as if it were some kind of clothing that people would wear to strengthen themselves in battle. AT: "make yourself strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Is it not you who crushed Rahab, you who pierced the monster? + +The speaker uses a question to emphasize Yahweh's power to do mighty things. AT: "It is you who crushed Rahab, you who pierced the monster." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Rahab ... the monster + +Rahab was the name of this mythological serpent in the sea. Rahab can symbolize either the nation of Egypt or evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Did you not dry up the sea ... for the redeemed to pass through? + +Again, the speaker uses questions to emphasize Yahweh's power to do mighty things. This refers to Yahweh opening the Red Sea for the Israelites to cross and escape the army of Egypt. AT: "You dried up the sea ... for the redeemed to pass through." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/11.md b/isa/51/11.md index d1ecbfd9c4..1e431d84a9 100644 --- a/isa/51/11.md +++ b/isa/51/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This is very similar to [Isaiah 35:10](../35/10.md). -## translationNotes +# The ransomed of Yahweh -* **The ransomed of Yahweh … will flee away** - For verse 11, see how you translated many of these words in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:35:10]]. +To "ransom" means to "rescue." This refers to people whom Yahweh has rescued. AT: "Those whom Yahweh has rescued" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# with gladness forever on their heads + +This uses a person's head to mean the person as a whole. AT: "they will be glad forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# gladness and joy ... sorrow and mourning + +The words "gladness" and "joy" mean basically the same thing, as do "sorrow" and "mourning." Together they emphasize the intensity of these emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# gladness and joy will overtake them + +This speaks of the people being overwhelmed by gladness and joy by giving these emotions the human quality of being able to overtake someone. AT: "they will be overwhelmed by joy and gladness" or "they will be extremely glad and joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# sorrow and mourning will flee away + +This speaks of the people no longer being sorrowful and mourning by speaking of these emotions as if they could run away. AT: "they will no longer be sorrowful and mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/12.md b/isa/51/12.md index 4fb48d1e80..d517134b30 100644 --- a/isa/51/12.md +++ b/isa/51/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I, I, am he -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I, I** - This word is repeated for emphasis. -* **Why are you afraid of men** - AT: "Do not be afraid of men" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who are made like grass** - This means humans live and quickly die like grass. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. If this is unnatural in your language, the repetition does not need to be used. AT: "I am he" + +# Why are you afraid of men ... like grass? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that people who have the Lord's protection should not be afraid of human beings. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Do not be afraid of men ... like grass." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who are made like grass + +This phrase compares men to grass to emphasize that their lives are short and that they die quickly. AT: "who live and die quickly like grass" or "who will wither and disappear like grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# who are made like + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/13.md b/isa/51/13.md index b99c44e75d..664a28f867 100644 --- a/isa/51/13.md +++ b/isa/51/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Why have you forgotten Yahweh ... earth? -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Why have you forgotten Yahweh** - Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that they should not forget Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Maker** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:17:06]]. -* **who stretched out the heavens** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:40:21]]. -* **the foundations of the earth** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:24:17]]. -* **Where is the fury of the oppressor?** - Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people should not fear those who want to oppress them. They are no longer a threat. +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that they should not forget Yahweh. This may be written as a statement. AT: "You should not have forgotten Yahweh ... earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Maker + +See how you translated this name for Yahweh in [Isaiah 17:7](../17/06.md). + +# who stretched out the heavens + +"who spread out the sky." This speaks of Yahweh having created the heavens as if he had stretched them out in the same way one would stretch out a large garment. AT: "who stretched out the heavens like a garment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the foundations of the earth + +The word "foundation" normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and hold the earth in place. See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 24:18](../24/17.md). + +# the hot fury of the oppressor when he decides to destroy + +"the oppressor's hot fury when he decides to cause destruction" + +# hot fury + +Here the word "hot" means "strong" or "great." AT: "great fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Where is the fury of the oppressor? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people should not fear those who want to oppress them. Their oppressors are no longer a threat to them. This may be written as a statement. AT: "The fury of the oppressor is not a threat!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/14.md b/isa/51/14.md index 6d09035c9b..9af139fa49 100644 --- a/isa/51/14.md +++ b/isa/51/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# The one who is bent down -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **The one who is bent down** - This refers to the people of Israel who are prisoners and forced to work for the Babylonians. -* **nor will he lack bread** - AT: "nor will he lack food" -* **Yahweh of hosts** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:01:09]]. +This refers to the people of Israel who are slaves of the Babylonians. This phrase describes how they work. AT: "The slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the pit + +This refers to Sheol. AT: "the pit of Sheol" or "the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nor will he lack bread + +Here "bread" represents food in general. This can be written in positive form. AT: "nor will he be without food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# who churns up the sea + +This speaks of Yahweh causing the sea to move and the waves to rise and fall as if he were stirring the sea as one stirs the contents of a bowl with a large spoon. AT: "who causes the sea to churn" or "who makes the sea move up and down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# its waves roar + +A roar is a powerful, loud sound made by something that is alive, such as a bear or lion. Here the waves are described as making this powerful sound. AT: "its waves crash loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this name for Yahweh in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/16.md b/isa/51/16.md index 479ef6902b..94f654d818 100644 --- a/isa/51/16.md +++ b/isa/51/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I have placed my words in your mouth -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This speaks of Yahweh telling Isaiah what to say as if his words were a physical object Yahweh had placed in Isaiah's mouth. AT: "I have told you what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I have covered you in the shadow of my hand -* **I have placed my words in your mouth** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh and "your" refers to his servant. AT: "I have told you what to say" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **and I have covered you in the shadow of my hand** - AT: "and my power has kept you safe" -* **that I may plant the heavens** - This means the same as "stretch out the heavens." Here it emphasizes God's power to restore the heavens in the future. See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:isa:40:21]]. -* **lay the foundations of the earth** - This emphasizes God's power to restore the earth in the future. See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:isa:24:17]]. +Yahweh's "hand" refers to his power. This speaks of Yahweh protecting Isaiah as if his hand were covering him to protect him. AT: "my power has kept you safe" or "I have protected you and kept you safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that I may plant the heavens + +The word "plant" means to establish something in the ground. Here Yahweh firmly establishing the heavens is spoken of as if the heavens were a tent that he would spread out and firmly set it in place with tent pegs. AT: "that I may establish the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lay the foundations of the earth + +The word "foundation" normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and hold the earth in place. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 24:18](../24/17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/17.md b/isa/51/17.md index b4e924c0f7..67a0d95a03 100644 --- a/isa/51/17.md +++ b/isa/51/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Awake, awake, stand up, Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people who live there. Yahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if they were there listening to him. AT: "Awake, awake, stand up, you people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# Awake, awake, stand up -* **Awake, awake, stand up, Jerusalem** - The word "awake" is repeated for emphasis and shows urgency, to arouse the people of Israel, not to //literally// wake them from sleep. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **you drank the bowl of Yahweh's anger from his hand** - This compares the people of Israel who fully experienced God's anger and punishment to a person who drinks all the wine in a bowl. -* **the bowl of staggering** - This compares the people of Israel, who experienced Yahweh's punishment to the full, to a wine drinker who stumbles and falls down. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **There is no one among all the sons … to take her by the hand** - These two clauses mean the same thing. Yahweh is describing the city of Jerusalem as if it were a mother and the people were her children. Here there are no children left to help their mother. This emphasizes how helpless the people were after God punished them. +"Be alert and arise." The repetition of the word "awake" emphasizes the urgency of the call to arouse the people of Israel. It is not used to wake them from literal sleep. + +# you who have drunk out of the hand of Yahweh ... from the cup of staggering + +Yahweh speaks of having punished his people as if he had forced them to drink from a bowl that was filled with his anger. And when they drank from the bowl of his anger, they staggered as if they had drank a lot of wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# down to the dregs + +The word "dregs" means the solid pieces at the very bottom of a container that has a liquid in it. AT: "down to the very bottom" + +# out of the hand of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is referred to by his hand to emphasize that he is the one who gave the bowl to his people. AT: "that he gave to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from the cup of staggering + +"from the cup that caused you to stagger as if you were drunk on wine" + +# staggering + +not walking straight, or stumbling while walking + +# There is no one ... to guide her; there is no one ... to take her by the hand + +These two clauses have the same meaning and can be combined. This speaks of Jerusalem being helpless as if the city were a drunk woman without a son to help her walk safely. AT: "You have no one to help you! You are like a drunk old woman without a son to take her by the hand and guide her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/19.md b/isa/51/19.md index c6e1b524a4..cf4e3511f5 100644 --- a/isa/51/19.md +++ b/isa/51/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# who will grieve with you? ... Who will comfort you? -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **who will grieve with you...who will console you?** - Isaiah uses questions to emphasize that now there is no one to weep with them or comfort them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **desolation and destruction** - "your enemies have left your city empty and ruined" -* **and the famine and the sword** - "and many of you have died from hunger and war" -* **like an antelope in a net** - This means their children are completely helpless like an animal in a trap. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **antelope** - an animal with horns that runs very fast (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +Isaiah uses questions to emphasize that now there is no one to weep with them or comfort them. These questions may be written as statements. AT: "but there is no one to grieve with you ... There is no one to comfort you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# These two troubles + +The two troubles refer to the following two phrases: "desolation and destruction" and "the famine and the sword." + +# desolation and destruction + +These words have similar meanings and emphasize the destruction of the land caused by the opposing army. AT: "your enemies have left your city empty and ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the famine and the sword + +The words "famine" and "sword" describe the trouble that will come upon the people. The "sword" refers to "war." AT: "many of you have died from hunger and war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they lie at every street corner + +This is generalization. Many children will lie in the street, but not necessarily on every street corner. AT: "they lie on the street" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# like an antelope in a net + +This speaks of the children being exhausted and helpless as if they were an antelope caught in a trap. AT: "they are helpless, like an antelope caught in a net" or "as helpless as a trapped antelope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# antelope + +This is an animal, similar to a deer, that has horns and runs very fast. AT: "deer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# they are filled with the anger of Yahweh, the rebuke of your God + +The "anger of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh punishing his people because of his anger against them. This speaks of the people having been severely punished as if they had become full of Yahweh's anger. Also, the word "rebuke" can be written as a verb. AT: "they have been severely punished by Yahweh because he was angry with them and rebuked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/21.md b/isa/51/21.md index 95c5bec618..b72486aed3 100644 --- a/isa/51/21.md +++ b/isa/51/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you oppressed one and drunken one -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **See, I have taken your hand from the cup of staggering** - This means God will stop being angry with them and stop causing them to suffer. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **cup of staggering...cup of my anger** - See how you translated similar phrases in [[en:bible:notes:isa:51:17]]. +Yahweh uses the word "one" here to refer to all of the oppressed people. AT: "you oppressed people and drunken people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# drunken one, but not drunk with wine + +This speaks of the people acting drunk because they are suffering as if they have become drunk from being forced to drink the bowl of Yahweh's anger. AT: "you who are drunk from drinking the wine of the bowl of Yahweh's anger" or "you who act drunk, because you have suffered greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See, I have taken the cup of staggering from your hand—the bowl, which is the cup of my anger—so that + +This speaks of Yahweh no longer being angry with his people as if his anger were the contents of a cup that he was taking away from them. AT: "I will no longer be angry with you. See, it is like I have taken away from you the cup that made you stagger, that is, the cup that was full of my anger, so that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# See + +This is used to draw the listeners' attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# the cup of staggering + +The word "cup" refers to what is in the cup. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 51:17](./17.md). AT: "the cup of the wine that makes people stagger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the bowl, which is the cup of my anger + +Yahweh speaks of having punished people as if he had forced them to drink from a bowl that was filled with his anger. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 51:17](./17.md). AT: "the bowl which is filled with my anger" or "the cup which is filled with my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/23.md b/isa/51/23.md index bf48e34357..95933646dd 100644 --- a/isa/51/23.md +++ b/isa/51/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will put it into the hand of your tormentors -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I will put it into the hand of your tormentors** - "I will put the cup of staggering into the hands of those who hurt you." This means God will now punish the enemies of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you made your back like the ground and like the street for them to walk on** - AT: "you lay in the streets so your enemies could walk on your backs" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This speaks of Yahweh punishing their enemies as if he were going to force them to drink from the cup filled with his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will put it into the hand of your tormentors + +It is implied that by putting the cup of his anger in their hand Yahweh will be forcing them to drink what is in the cup. AT: "I will force your tormentors to drink from the wine of the bowl of my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your tormentors + +The word "tormentors" may be expressed with a verb. AT: "those who have tormented you" or "those who have caused you to suffer" + +# you made your back like the ground and like the street for them to walk on + +This compares the way their enemies walked on their back to the way people walk on the street. AT: "you lay in the streets so your enemies could walk on your backs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/intro.md b/isa/51/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..472e4d3aec --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/51/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Isaiah 51 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions prove Yahweh's point and are intended to convince the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### Awake ##### +In this chapter the author uses sleeping as a metaphor for sin. The people are told to "awake," meaning they are to repent and return to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 51:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../50/intro.md) | [>>](../52/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/01.md b/isa/52/01.md index 6a68328c89..7aa3a9da78 100644 --- a/isa/52/01.md +++ b/isa/52/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Awake, awake -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This word is repeated for emphasis and shows urgency. Isaiah trying to arouse the people is spoken of as if he were trying to wake them up from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# put on your strength -* **Awake, awake** - This word is repeated for emphasis and shows urgency. Isaiah is speaking to the people of Israel to arouse them, not to //literally// wake them from sleep. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **Zion…Jerusalem** - AT: "people of Zion…people of Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **put on your strength** - AT: "show your strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Being strong again is spoken of as if strength were clothing that a person puts on. AT: "be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Zion ... Jerusalem + +Both of these refer to the people who live in Jerusalem. Isaiah is speaking to the people as if they were there listening to him. AT: "people of Zion ... people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# the uncircumcised or the unclean + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "Those who are uncircumcised or those who are unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the unclean + +This refers to unclean people. A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. AT: "those who are not acceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# enter you + +Here "you" refers to Jerusalem which represents the people who live there. It is understood that the uncircumcised and unclean people would enter the city to attack the people. AT: "enter your city to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/02.md b/isa/52/02.md index 44eb118864..969ecb8259 100644 --- a/isa/52/02.md +++ b/isa/52/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Shake yourself off from the dust; arise and sit, Jerusalem -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Shake yourself off from the dust** - "Shake the dust off of you" -* **take off the chain from your neck, captive** - The people of Jerusalem have been captives in Babylon. Now Yahweh is going to bring them home. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the daughter of Zion** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:07]]. -* **You were sold for nothing, and you will be redeemed without money** - AT: "I sold you for nothing, and I will redeem you without money" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people who live there. AT: "People of Jerusalem, sit up and shake the dirt off of yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# take off the chain from your neck, captive + +It is implied that the people of Jerusalem were wearing chains because they were slaves while exiled in Babylon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# daughter of Zion + +This is an idiom. The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "people of Zion" or "people who live in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You were sold for nothing, and you will be redeemed without money + +This speaks about Yahweh as if he were the owner of the people of Israel. Since he is the rightful owner he can give them away or take them back whenever he wants. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I sold you for nothing, and I will redeem you without money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/04.md b/isa/52/04.md index 57f84224bd..3e82969e57 100644 --- a/isa/52/04.md +++ b/isa/52/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# In the beginning -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +Here "beginning" refers to the start of Israel's history as they were first becoming a people. -## translationNotes +# went down into Egypt -* **Assyria has oppressed them** - AT: "the people of Assyria have treated them badly through cruelty and force" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"went to Egypt." It was common to use the phrase "went down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. + +# Assyria has oppressed them + +Assyria refers to the people of Assyria. AT: "the people of Assyria have treated them badly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/05.md b/isa/52/05.md index 17ad74de25..190b215e2b 100644 --- a/isa/52/05.md +++ b/isa/52/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now what do I have here ... seeing that my people are taken away for nothing? -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh uses a question to make the people pay attention to what he is about to say. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now look at what is happening ... my people are again taken away for nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **Now, what do I have here** - Yahweh uses a question to make the people pay attention to what he is about to say. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. -* **seeing that my people are taken away for nothing** - AT: "I see the enemy taking my people away without cause" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my name is slandered continually all the day** - Here "name" refers to God's reputation. AT: "those who watch the enemy take away my people are continually saying evil things about me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# seeing that my people are taken away for nothing + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I see the enemy taking my people away for nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for nothing + +Possible meanings are 1) "for nothing" means the Babylonians took the people unjustly and without cause or 2) this continues the metaphor from [Isaiah 52:3](./02.md) where Yahweh is spoken of as if he owned the people of Israel and could give them away for nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Those who rule over them mock + +This refers to the Babylonians who have conquered the people. However, some versions have, "Those who rule over them wail." For these versions, this passage refers to the leaders of the Israelites in captivity. + +# my name is slandered continually all day long + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who watch the enemy take away my people are continually saying evil things about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Therefore my people will know my name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "Therefore my people will truly know who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/07.md b/isa/52/07.md index ad9df8bfac..af19c5ff3a 100644 --- a/isa/52/07.md +++ b/isa/52/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah is speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of the messenger who brings good news -* Isaiah is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **the feet of the messenger** - Here "feet" refers to the messenger walking and bringing good news to the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **every eye of theirs** - AT: "every one of them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "feet" represents a messenger who is walking. AT: "It is beautiful to see a messenger coming over the mountains to announce good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to Zion + +Here "Zion" represents the people of Zion. AT: "to the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# raise their voices + +This is an idiom. AT: "shout loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# every eye of theirs + +Here "eye" represents the whole person. AT: "every one of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/09.md b/isa/52/09.md index 1e60cbf058..81635e5ba3 100644 --- a/isa/52/09.md +++ b/isa/52/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you ruins of Jerusalem -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **bared his holy arm** - This refers to Yahweh's holiness and power. He is preparing to rescue his people, perhaps by taking off his coat and being ready to use his sword. Even his arm is holy, meaning set apart to rescue his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Isaiah speaks of the ruins of Jerusalem as if they were a person that could rejoice. This represents the people of Jerusalem who were defeated. AT: "you people who live among the ruins of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# he has redeemed Jerusalem + +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people. AT: "he has redeemed the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bared his holy arm + +Here "arm" represents Yahweh's power. Yahweh showing all the people of the nations that he is holy and powerful is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who removed his cloak, baring his arms for battle. AT: "showed his holiness and mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the nations; all the earth + +Here "nations" and "earth" represent the people of all the nations all over the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/11.md b/isa/52/11.md index f73a7a7a4b..78df7d0667 100644 --- a/isa/52/11.md +++ b/isa/52/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Leave, leave -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Leave, leave** - This word is repeated for emphasis and adds a note of urgency, but not that they need to necessarily leave quickly. -* **go out from there** - "go out from the land where you are slaves" +This word is repeated to emphasize that the people must indeed leave, although not necessarily right away. + +# go out from there + +It is assumed knowledge that the people of Israel were slaves in Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "go out from the land where you are slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# touch nothing unclean + +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. AT: "touch nothing that is unacceptable to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# leave from her midst + +Here "her" represents Babylon. + +# Yahweh will go before you; and the God of Israel will be your rearguard + +Yahweh protecting his people from their enemies is spoken of as if he were the warriors who go ahead of the people and the warriors who stay behind the people to protect them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/13.md b/isa/52/13.md index b774dff2cf..0817282d28 100644 --- a/isa/52/13.md +++ b/isa/52/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he will be high and lifted up, and he will be exalted -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This can be stated in active form. These two phrases "high and lifted up" and "will be exalted" have basically the same meaning and emphasize that Yahweh will honor his servant. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 33:10](../33/10.md). AT: "I will give my servant the greatest honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# horrified at you -* **he will be high and elevated; he will be very exalted** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the his greatness. AT for one single expression could be: "I will give my servant the greatest honor" (See the way you translated something similar in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:06:01]]; [[:en:bible:notes:isa:33:10]] and [[:en:bible:notes:isa:57:14]].) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **high and elevated** - These words mean basically the same thing. AT: "highly elevated" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **horrified at you** - Here "you" refers to Yahweh's servant. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **his appearance was so disfigured out of human appearance, so that the sight of him was far from anything human** - AT: "His enemies beat his body so badly that he did not even look like a human anymore" +Here "you" refers to Yahweh's servant. However, translators may decide to change "you" to "him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# his appearance was so disfigured beyond that of any man + +It is implied that the servant is disfigured because enemies beat him very badly. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "his enemies beat his body so badly that he did not even look like a human anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/15.md b/isa/52/15.md index fcb80029a2..7ec9038ae3 100644 --- a/isa/52/15.md +++ b/isa/52/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Yahweh continues speaking about his servant. -## translationNotes +# my servant will sprinkle many nations -* Yahweh continues speaking about his servant. -* **startle ** - to surprise suddenly, possibly from fear, making someone move without thinking about it -* **That which they had not been told** - AT: "That which no one had told them" or "Something no one had told them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The servant causing the people of the nations to be acceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if the servant were a priest who sprinkles the blood of a sacrifice to make someone or something acceptable to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will sprinkle + +The Hebrew word translated "sprinkle" here can also be translated as "surprise" or "startle," which some versions of the Bible do. + +# many nations + +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# kings will shut their mouths + +The phrase "shut their mouths" is an idiom. AT: "kings will stop talking" or "kings will be silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that which they had not been told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that which no one had told them" or "something no one had told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/intro.md b/isa/52/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d48590c6ad --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/52/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Isaiah 52 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +The prophecies of this chapter occur after the exile in Babylon and are not in reference to the people contemporary to Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +There is an important teaching or prophecy about the messiah beginning in this chapter and continues through the next chapter. This prophesy begins in 52:13 and scholars usually note that it portrays the messiah as a "suffering servant." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 52:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../51/intro.md) | [>>](../53/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/01.md b/isa/53/01.md index ed5d8a19f0..80445b51ea 100644 --- a/isa/53/01.md +++ b/isa/53/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Isaiah describes events that will happen in the future as if they happened in the past. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Here Isaiah describes events that will happen in the future as if they happened in the past. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. -* **Who would have believed what we heard?** - What Isaiah just found out is so amazing that he wonders if the exiles will believe it. The "we" includes him and those in exile. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who would have believed** - This question is like the one above, expressing surprise. -* **And the arm of Yahweh, to whom was it revealed?** - AT: "And to whom has Yahweh revealed his power?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For he grew up before Yahweh like a sapling, and like a sprout out of parched earth** - Here "he" refers to God's servant whom Isaiah compares to a very young tree. This emphasizes that he will appear weak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. + +# Who has believed what they heard from us + +What Isaiah just found out is so amazing that he wonders if the exiles will believe it. The "we" includes him and those in exile. AT: "It is hard for anyone to believe what we have heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to whom has the arm of Yahweh been revealed? + +Arm refers to God's power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has revealed his power to people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For he grew up before Yahweh like a sapling + +Here "he" refers to God's servant whom Isaiah compares to a very young tree. This emphasizes that he will appear weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# out of parched earth + +"parched earth" is hard and dry ground that will not allow plants to grow and represents where the servant of Yahweh will come. AT: "out of an impossible situation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/03.md b/isa/53/03.md index 369c4f2e65..475aabd10c 100644 --- a/isa/53/03.md +++ b/isa/53/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:reject]] +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# He was despised and rejected by people -* 2]]) -* **He was despised and rejected by people** - AT: "People considered him as nothing and rejected him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a man of sorrows** - "a man knowing all kinds of sadness" -* **from whom men hide their faces** - "from whom people turn away" -* **he was despised** - AT: "they considered him to be worthless" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People considered him as nothing and rejected him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a man of sorrows + +"a man knowing all kinds of sadness" + +# from whom men hide their faces + +"Face" represents a person's attention or fellowship. Hiding one's face means to turn away from someone. AT: "from whom people turn away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he was despised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they considered him to be worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/04.md b/isa/53/04.md index 0c436830b7..9ef0ca34d2 100644 --- a/isa/53/04.md +++ b/isa/53/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# he has borne our sicknesses and carried our sorrows -* 2]]) -* **he has borne our sicknesses and carried our sorrows** - "he has taken our sicknesses and sorrows upon himself" -* **yet we thought he was being punished by God, struck by God, and afflicted** - AT: "yet we thought God was punishing and afflicting him because he sinned" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +To "bear" or carry an abstraction like sickness and sorrow represents taking it up. AT: "he has taken our sicknesses and sorrows upon himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# yet we thought he was being punished by God, struck by God, and afflicted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "yet we thought God was punishing and afflicting him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/05.md b/isa/53/05.md index 723d945bd1..7ae63a8632 100644 --- a/isa/53/05.md +++ b/isa/53/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# But he was pierced because of our rebellious deeds; he was crushed because of our sins -* 2]]) -* **But he was pierced because of our rebellious deeds; he was crushed because of our sins** - The words "rebellious deeds" and "sins" mean the same thing. AT: "God allowed the enemy to stab him and kill him because of our sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the punishment for our peace was on him** - AT: "he accepted this punishment so we would be well off" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **and with his wounds we are healed** - AT: "and he healed us by allowing the enemy to wound him" +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the servant suffered because of the people's sins. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God allowed the enemy to stab him and kill him because of our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The punishment for our peace was on him + +This refers to peace with God. This can be made explicit. AT: "He accepted this punishment so we could live in harmony" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with his wounds we are healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he healed us by his suffering of the wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/06.md b/isa/53/06.md index b5717b982f..79a249811e 100644 --- a/isa/53/06.md +++ b/isa/53/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# We all like sheep have gone astray -* 2]]) -* **We all like sheep have gone astray** - Sheep often leave the path on which the shepherd leads them. Isaiah means that every person has done what God commands not to do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the iniquity of us all** - Our "iniquity" here represents the punishment for our sin. AT: "the punishment for the sin of every one of us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Sheep often leave the path on which the shepherd leads them. Isaiah means that we do what we want instead of what God commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the iniquity of us all + +Our "iniquity" here represents the guilt for our sin. AT: "the guilt for the sin of every one of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/07.md b/isa/53/07.md index 079f165344..5065594fa4 100644 --- a/isa/53/07.md +++ b/isa/53/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# He was oppressed -* 2]]) -* **He was oppressed** - AT: "They treated him harshly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he did not open his mouth** - AT: "he did not protest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **as a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and as a sheep that before its shearers is silent** - Isaiah compares the servant to a lamb and a sheep to emphasize that he will remain silent as people harm and humiliate him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **as a lamb that is led to the slaughter** - AT: "just as a lamb is silent as a person slaughters it" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They treated him harshly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he did not open his mouth + +"Mouth" represents what a person says. Opening one's mouth means to speak. AT: "he did not protest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and as a sheep that before its shearers is silent + +Isaiah compares the servant to a lamb and a sheep to emphasize that he will remain silent as people harm and humiliate him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as a lamb that is led to the slaughter + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as a lamb is silent as a person slaughters it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/08.md b/isa/53/08.md index eb19d7d4b7..c3a1eac301 100644 --- a/isa/53/08.md +++ b/isa/53/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# By coercion and judgment he was condemned -* 2]]) -* **By coercion and judgment he was condemned** - AT: "They treated him harshly, judged him, and condemned him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who from that generation thought anymore about him?** - AT: "no one from his generation cared what happened to him" Or "no one among his contempories cared what happened to him " (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **But he was cut off from the land of the living** - "But he died" Or "But he was taken away" -* **of my people** - "of the people of Israel" -* **nor had there been any deceit in his mouth** - AT: "nor did he deceive anyone when he spoke" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They treated him harshly, judged him, and condemned him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# coercion + +The Hebrew word translated here as "coercion" is interpreted by some versions as "arrest." For these versions, the thought is that the Servant will be arrested and then judged and condemned. + +# who from that generation thought anymore about him? + +This question emphasizes that no one thinks about him. AT: "no one from his generation cared what happened to him." or "no one among his contemporaries cared what happened to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who from that generation thought anymore about him? + +Many versions interpret this passage in Hebrew differently: "Who can say anything about his descendants?" or "Who can say anything about his fate?" + +# But he was cut off from the land of the living + +"Cut off" here refers to death. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But he died" or "But death took him away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# of my people + +"of the people of Israel" + +# nor had there been any deceit in his mouth + +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "nor did he deceive anyone when he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/10.md b/isa/53/10.md index 2ab04dd49f..2d3c124803 100644 --- a/isa/53/10.md +++ b/isa/53/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# he will see his offspring -* 2]]) -* **if you make his soul** - Here, "soul" refers to the servant. Possible meanings are 1) "if you, people of Israel, will make him" or 2) "if you, Yahweh, will make him" or 3) "if you will make yourself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **he will see his offspring** - Here, "offspring" means those people that Yahweh has forgiven because of the servant's sacrifice. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he will lengthen his days** - "Yahweh will make his servant live again" -* **Yahweh's purpose will be accomplished through him** - AT: "Yahweh will accomplish his purpose through his servant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **After the suffering of his soul** - AT: "After the servant has suffered" -* **My righteous servant** - Here "my" refers to Yahweh. -* **their iniquities** - "their iniquities" here represent the penalty for their sin. AT: "the penalty for their iniquities" or "the punishment for their sins." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here, "offspring" means those people that Yahweh has forgiven because of the servant's sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will prolong his days + +This speaks of making him live for more time. AT: "Yahweh will make his servant live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh's purpose will be accomplished through him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will accomplish his purpose through his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# After the suffering of his life + +Here "his life" refers to the servant. AT: "After the servant has suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will see light + +Many versions understand "light" here to stand for life. That is, the servant will become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My righteous servant + +Here "my" refers to Yahweh. + +# he will bear their iniquities + +The word "bear" means carry. Possible meanings are 1) "their iniquities" is a metonym representing the punishment for their sins. AT: "he will take their punishment" or "he will be punished for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])or 2) "their iniquities" is a metonym representing their guilt. AT: "he will take their guilt upon himself" or "he will be guilty for their sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/12.md b/isa/53/12.md index fa053e4ab3..c017d50285 100644 --- a/isa/53/12.md +++ b/isa/53/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:intercede]] -* [[en:tw:intercede|intercede, intercession]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] +Yahweh continues describing his servant. -## translationNotes +# Therefore will I give him his portion among the multitudes, and he will divide the spoils with the many -* Yahweh continues describing his servant. -* **Therefore will I give him his portion among the multitudes, and he will divide the spoils with the many** - This refers to a king after a victorious battle sharing the plunder or rewards with his army. This means God will greatly honor his servant because of his sacrifice. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **because he exposed his life to death** - AT: "he willingly risked death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **and was numbered with the transgressors** - AT: "and allowed people to treat him as a criminal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He bore the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors** - The word "intercession" here means the servant pleaded or prayed to Yahweh on behalf of sinners. +These two clauses mean basically the same thing. "Portion" and "spoils" refer to a king after a victorious battle sharing the plunder or rewards with his army. This means God will greatly honor his servant because of his sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the multitudes + +Many versions interpret this expression as "the many" or "the strong." + +# because he exposed himself to death + +"Exposed" means to be vulnerable or unprotected. The servant of Yahweh put himself in a situation where he would die. AT: "he willingly accepted the possibility of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# was numbered with the transgressors + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "allowed people to treat him as a criminal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/intro.md b/isa/53/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98858828c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/53/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 53 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +In this chapter there is an important teaching or prophecy about the messiah and his life and ministry. It begins in 52:13 and scholars usually note that it portrays the messiah as a "suffering servant." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Atonement ##### +This chapter prophesies about the death of Christ for sin. Most scholars believe it teaches that Christ was a righteous man who died for the sins of mankind. This is usually referred to as the atonement. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 53:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../52/intro.md) | [>>](../54/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/01.md b/isa/54/01.md index 0d8e4b10e2..2f9250b333 100644 --- a/isa/54/01.md +++ b/isa/54/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# you barren woman ... children of the married woman -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh telling the people of Jerusalem to rejoice because there will be many people living in Jerusalem again is spoken of as if Yahweh were telling a barren women she is going to have many children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# break into joyful singing and cry aloud, you who have never been in birth labor -* **you barren woman…children of the married woman** - A woman who did not have a husband or could not have children felt ashamed and sad. Yahweh is telling Jerusalem that even though it is "childless" now, the city abandoned and empty, that one day its population would increase to the point of being crowded. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This statement means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the children of the desolate one are more + +An event that will happen in the future is spoken of as if it happened in the past. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. AT: "For the children of the desolate woman will be more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# the desolate one + +Here "desolate" means that the woman's husband had rejected and abandoned her \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/02.md b/isa/54/02.md index 90ffb2b0c5..7edd70a47b 100644 --- a/isa/54/02.md +++ b/isa/54/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Make your tent larger ... strengthen your stakes -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -* **Make your tent larger…strengthen your stakes** - This continues God's promise to increase the number of Israelites, and the use of "tent" recalls their former nomadic life. God is telling them to make room for an increased population and descendants. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This continues the metaphor that began in [Isaiah 54:1](./01.md). Yahweh telling the people of Jerusalem to prepare because Yahweh will greatly increase their people is spoken of as if he is telling a woman to make her tent bigger to make room for many children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For you will spread out + +Here "you" is singular and refers to the barren woman. She represents herself and all of her descendants. AT: "For you and your descendants will spread out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will conquer nations + +Here "nations" represents the people. AT: "will conquer the people of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/04.md b/isa/54/04.md index 46ee24cbf0..329a2c8351 100644 --- a/isa/54/04.md +++ b/isa/54/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# you will forget the shame of your youth and the disgrace of your abandonment -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -* **you will forget the shame of your youth and the disgrace of your abandonment** - Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were a woman whose husband had left them and is addressing the shame they felt when the army of Babylon defeated them and took them into exile. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh telling the people that in the future they will not even think about the shame they experienced when their enemies defeated them is spoken of as if Yahweh were telling a woman that she will no longer think about the shame she experienced from being unable to have children and having her husband abandon her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/05.md b/isa/54/05.md index c4e79f43c9..9c62ca804e 100644 --- a/isa/54/05.md +++ b/isa/54/05.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:holyone|Holy One]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# For your Maker is your husband -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem . -* **For your Maker is your husband…like a woman married young and rejected** - Yahweh continues describing the people of Jerusalem as a young, abandoned woman. Yahweh says he will be their husband. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Maker** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:17:06]]. -* **Yahweh of hosts** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:01:24]]. -* **the Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:05:15]]. -* **Redeemer** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:41:14]]. -* **he is called ** - AT: "he is the God of the whole earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and grieved in spirit** - This means she is emotionally hurt or heartbroken. +Yahweh loving and taking care of his people is spoken of as if he were their husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Maker + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 17:7](../17/06.md). + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:24](../01/24.md). + +# The Holy One of Israel + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:16](../05/15.md). + +# Redeemer + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). + +# he is called the God of the whole earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he is the God of the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh has called you back as a wife ... like a woman married young and rejected + +Yahweh sending his people away into exile then bringing them back is spoken of as if Yahweh were a husband who had rejected his wife but now accepts her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# grieved in spirit + +Here "spirit" represents a person's inner being. AT: "grieved" or "made sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/07.md b/isa/54/07.md index 09c69fa083..01fe658184 100644 --- a/isa/54/07.md +++ b/isa/54/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# In a flood of anger -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -* **I hid my face from you ** - God abandoned his people and let them suffer. -* **covenant faithfulness** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:16:05]]. +Yahweh being very angry is spoken of as if his anger were a flood that overwhelms people. AT: "When I was very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I hid my face from you + +Here "hid my face" is an idiom that means God abandoned his people and let them suffer. AT: "I abandoned you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# but with everlasting covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). AT: "but because I always am faithful to my covenant with you" or "but because I am always faithful to do what I promise to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# says Yahweh, the one who rescues you + +Here Yahweh speaks about himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. AT: "that is what I, Yahweh, your rescuer, say to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/09.md b/isa/54/09.md index 16f8775005..920279d7c2 100644 --- a/isa/54/09.md +++ b/isa/54/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the waters of Noah -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the flood that Yahweh caused during the time of Noah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Though the mountains may fall and the hills be shaken, yet my steadfast love -* **and the hills be shaken** - AT: "and the hills may shake" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my covenant faithfulness will not turn away from you** - Here, "covenant" refers to the promise made to Noah. AT: “I will not stop being faithful to you as I promised in my covenant” or ”I will always be faithful to you because of my covenant” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* ** nor will my covenant of peace be shaken ** - AT: “and I will not cancel my covenant of peace” or “and I will surely give you peace as I promised in my covenant” +Yahweh describes a hypothetical condition to explain what would happen even if those conditions were met. AT: "Even if the mountains fell and the hills shook, my steadfast love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# the hills be shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the hills may shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my steadfast love will not turn away from you + +Yahweh continuing to love his people is spoken of as if his love would not turn away from the people. AT: "I will not stop loving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nor will my covenant of peace be shaken + +Yahweh not canceling his covenant with the people is spoken of as if his covenant were an object that would not be shaken. This can be stated in active form. AT: "and I will not cancel my covenant of peace" or "and I will surely give you peace as I promised in my covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# says Yahweh, who has mercy on you + +Here Yahweh speaks about himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. AT: "that is what I, Yahweh, who acts mercifully, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/11.md b/isa/54/11.md index 07ccb995eb..08d9634648 100644 --- a/isa/54/11.md +++ b/isa/54/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Afflicted one -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -* **storm-driven** - driven** - Yahweh compares the people to something that the storm and wind blows around. This means the people are hurt and without stability. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **uncomforted one** - "without comfort" -* **turquoise…sapphires…rubies** - These are precious gemstones. Turquoise is light blue-to-green, sapphires are //typically// dark blue, and rubies are red-to-pink. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +Here Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem as if it were listening to him. Here Jerusalem represents the people who live there. AT: "You afflicted people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# storm-driven + +Yahweh speaks of the people as if they were blown around and damaged by the winds and storms. This means the people were hurt and without stability. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# uncomforted one + +"without comfort" + +# I will set your pavement in turquoise ... wall of beautiful stone + +Yahweh describes in ideal terms how he will restore Jerusalem and cause it to be beautiful again. Although the language may be exaggerated, you should translate this just as Yahweh described it. + +# turquoise ... sapphires ... rubies + +These are precious gemstones. Turquoise is light blue-to-green, sapphires are typically dark blue, and rubies are red-to-pink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/13.md b/isa/54/13.md index 678e8b7e4f..65c685f66c 100644 --- a/isa/54/13.md +++ b/isa/54/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Then all your children will be taught by Yahweh -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -* **And all your children will be taught by Yahweh** - "children" refers to the future population of Jerusalem. AT: "And Yahweh will teach all your people" -* **and nothing frightening will come near you** - This means that no one in the city or outsiders will ever terrify the inhabitants. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "And Yahweh will teach all your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by Yahweh + +Yahweh speaks of himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. AT: "by me, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# In righteousness I will reestablish you + +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." AT: "I will cause you to be strong again because you will do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# nothing frightening will come near you + +This means that no one in the city or outsiders will ever terrify the inhabitants of Jerusalem again. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/15.md b/isa/54/15.md index 8be4bd20d7..4512f110c6 100644 --- a/isa/54/15.md +++ b/isa/54/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continue speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# stirs up trouble -* Yahweh continue speaking to the people of Jerusalem. +This is an idiom. AT: "causes trouble" or "troubles you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will fall in defeat + +This is an idiom. AT: "you will defeat them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/17.md b/isa/54/17.md index ba899ede46..5ea409c536 100644 --- a/isa/54/17.md +++ b/isa/54/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# No weapon that is formed against you will succeed -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -* **No weapon that is formed against you will succeed** - AT: "No one who makes a weapon to attack you can hurt you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. +Enemies not succeeding against Yahweh's people is spoken of as if their weapons would not succeed against Yahweh's people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Enemies may form weapons to attack you but they will not defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This is the heritage of the servants of Yahweh + +The reward that Yahweh will give to those who serve him is spoken of as if the reward were something they would inherit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/intro.md b/isa/54/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a9c0a908b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/54/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 54 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's covenant faithfulness ##### +This chapter focuses on Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenants. It references several different covenant promises in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 54:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../53/intro.md) | [>>](../55/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/01.md b/isa/55/01.md index f64eaefff1..33663718a7 100644 --- a/isa/55/01.md +++ b/isa/55/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem in exile through Isaiah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel in exile through Isaiah. -* **Ho** - This word is used to get their attention. You may have a similar word in your language. AT: "Listen to me." Or it can be omitted. -* **all who thirst ** - This metaphor points to the spiritual thirst of the people for Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **come ** - There is an urgency shown through three uses of "come." -* **wine and milk** - The land of Judah produced wine and milk. These are symbols of God's mercy. +Yahweh speaks of blessing the people freely as if he were selling food and drink to needy people for free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Come ... Come + +The repetition of this word four times adds a sense of urgency to the invitation. + +# buy wine and milk without money and without cost + +There is a sense of irony in this statement since a person usually has to use money to buy something. This emphasizes Yahweh's amazing grace in giving these things freely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/02.md b/isa/55/02.md index 9f06fc7706..1161ef8114 100644 --- a/isa/55/02.md +++ b/isa/55/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Why do you weigh out silver for what is not bread? -* Yahweh continue speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -* **Why do you weigh out silver for what is not bread? And labor for what does not satisfy?** - Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he is frustrated because the people are seeking things that have no value. AT: "Do not spend your money on food that is not beneficial. Do not work for things that will not satisfy you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **eat what is good, and delight your lives in fatness** - This means if the people will obey Yahweh he will bless them and give them what can truly satisfy them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in fatness** - "in an abundance of the best food" +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. He speaks of the people seeking happiness apart from Yahweh as if they were purchasing things to eat that were not food. AT: "You should not weigh out silver for what is not bread." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# weigh out silver + +This refers to counting silver coins in order to pay someone for something. AT: "pay money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for what is not bread + +Here the word "bread" represents food in general. It is implied that the people were buying things to eat that were not really food. AT: "for things to eat that are not really food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# why do you labor for what does not satisfy? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. He speaks of them seeking happiness apart from Yahweh as if they were working to earn money to buy things that could not satisfy them. AT: "you should not be working for money to spend on things that do not satisfy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# eat what is good, and delight yourselves in fatness + +The people trusting Yahweh for blessing and happiness is spoken of as if they are eating good food that is making them happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in fatness + +The word "fatness" refers to meat that has plenty of fat on it and is an idiom for fine food. AT: "with the best foods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/03.md b/isa/55/03.md index 2b1e949bfe..47a08fe113 100644 --- a/isa/55/03.md +++ b/isa/55/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Turn your ears -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Listening to or paying attention to someone is spoken of as if it were turning one's ears to someone. AT: "Pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I have placed him -* **covenant faithfulness** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:16:05]]. -* **given to David** - AT: "that I gave to David" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I have placed him** - Possible meanings are 1) this refers to what King David did in the past, or 2) it refers to what God will do through one of David's descendants. +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to what Yahweh did for King David in the past or 2) it refers to what God will do through one of David's descendants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/05.md b/isa/55/05.md index 89edbfe897..26d18ebec4 100644 --- a/isa/55/05.md +++ b/isa/55/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# the Holy One of Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -* **the Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:05:15]]. +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/06.md b/isa/55/06.md index 17dd48ae7f..9341a9fe41 100644 --- a/isa/55/06.md +++ b/isa/55/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Seek Yahweh while he may be found -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Seek Yahweh while you can still find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Let the wicked leave his path -* **Seek Yahweh while he may be found; call on him while he is nearby** - These clauses mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. It means the people need to repent and start obeying God while he is willing to forgive them and bless them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Seek Yahweh while he may be found** - AT: "Seek Yahweh while you may still find him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Let the wicked leave his path** - Here "path" refers to a person's behavior. -* **and he will pity him** - "and Yahweh will pity him" +The word "wicked" refers to wicked people. Yahweh speaks of wicked people no longer sinning as if they were to stop walking along a path that they had been traveling. AT: "Let wicked people change the way they live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the man of sin his thoughts + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "let the sinful man leave his thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his thoughts + +Possible meanings are 1) "the way he thinks" or 2) "his plans" + +# he will pity him + +"Yahweh will pity him" + +# to our God + +The verb may be supplied from the first phrase in this sentence. AT: "let him return to our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/08.md b/isa/55/08.md index 4dd0ec71da..140b46fa27 100644 --- a/isa/55/08.md +++ b/isa/55/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. -* **For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts** - This emphasizes that what God thinks and does is beyond what a human can understand. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# for as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts + +Yahweh speaks of the things that he does and how he thinks as being far superior to or higher than what people do and think, just like the sky is much higher than the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/10.md b/isa/55/10.md index f4d93b2b78..2269691bff 100644 --- a/isa/55/10.md +++ b/isa/55/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# For as the rain and snow ... do not return there -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **For as the rain…for which I sent it** - This means God will certainly accomplish all that he has promised and planned. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **so also my word will be that goes from my mouth** - AT: "so also will be the word that I speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my word** - This refers to God's promises, plan and purpose. -* **it will not return to me uselessly** - Here Yahweh describes his word as active and creative, which will accomplish his plans. AT: "my plan will not fail" -* **but it will accomplish that which I wish, and it will succeed in that for which I sent it** - AT: "but I will accomplish what I wish, and I will fulfill the purpose of my plan" +This is likely a description of the rain and snow evaporating. + +# so also my word ... it will achieve the purpose for which I sent it + +Yahweh speaks of his word as if it were a person whom he sends out as his messenger to accomplish a task. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my word will be that goes from my mouth + +Here the word "mouth" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "the word that I speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# it will not return to me empty + +Here the description of the word returning to Yahweh means that it has completed the task that Yahweh had sent it to complete. That it will not return "empty" means that it will not fail to accomplish its task. AT: "it will not fail to complete its task" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/12.md b/isa/55/12.md index 8711ab0739..c04a272c41 100644 --- a/isa/55/12.md +++ b/isa/55/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# be led along peacefully -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **the mountains and the hills will break out in joyful shouts before you, and all the trees of the fields will clap their hands** - Yahweh describes the mountains, hills, and trees as people celebrating. This emphasizes what a happy occasion it will be. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **thornbushes … brier ** - These are essentially weeds. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **evergreens** - Here, this refers to tall trees (in contrast to the low-growing weeds) with leaves or needles that stay green all year long. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **myrtle tree** - a tree with green leaves and white flowers (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **for his name** - AT: "for his honor" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **that will not be cut off** - AT: "that I will not remove" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will lead you along peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the mountains and the hills will break out in joyful shouts before you, and all the trees of the fields will clap their hands + +Yahweh speaks of the mountains, hills, and trees as if they were people with voices and hands, celebrating as Yahweh rescues his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Instead of the thornbushes, the cypress will grow; and instead of the brier, the myrtle tree will grow + +The words "thornbushes" and "brier" refer to species of plants that have sharp thorns growing on them. The words "cypress" and "myrtle" refer to species of evergreen trees. The thorny plants symbolize desolation, while the evergreens symbolize life and prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# for his name + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's fame. AT: "for his fame" or "for his honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that will not be cut off + +Something ceasing to exist is spoken of as if it were cut off, as a branch is cut off of a tree or a piece of fabric is cut off of clothing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that will never end" or "that will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/intro.md b/isa/55/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f208b2b7d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/55/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 55 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gentiles ##### +Many scholars believe this chapter prophesies that Gentiles will be able to come to a saving faith in Yahweh. At this time, the Israelites believed that only an Israelite could be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 55:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../54/intro.md) | [>>](../56/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/01.md b/isa/56/01.md index 044a21c1aa..4fbaad5c5c 100644 --- a/isa/56/01.md +++ b/isa/56/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for my salvation is near, and my righteousness is about to be revealed. -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will soon save you and show you that I am righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# who holds it tightly -* **for my salvation is near, and my righteousness is about to be revealed.** - AT: "I will soon save you and show you that I am righteous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **whoever who holds it tightly** - AT: "whoever is careful to always do this" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **keeps his hand from doing any evil** - Here "hand" refers to the person's actions or behaviors. AT: "does not do evil things" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "holds it tightly" is an idiom that means to continue to observe something. AT: "who is careful to always do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# keeps his hand from doing any evil + +Here the "hand" represents the whole person and emphasizes the person's actions or behaviors. AT: "does not do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/03.md b/isa/56/03.md index 17106afc7d..6f0ca59d99 100644 --- a/isa/56/03.md +++ b/isa/56/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# See, I am a dry tree -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **See, I am a dry tree** - This means eunuchs may have thought they could not be a part of God's people because they were deformed by castration (and for this reason could not have children). Israelites did not practice castration; foreigners did, sometimes for punishment. So eunuchs who had accepted the Hebrew faith knew that normally they were not allowed to worship in the temple (Deut. 23:1) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This means eunuchs may have thought they could not be a part of God's people because they were deformed by castration (and for this reason could not have children). Israelites did not practice castration; foreigners did, sometimes for punishment. Eunuchs who had accepted the Hebrew faith knew that normally they were not allowed to worship in the temple (Deut. 23:1). The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/04.md b/isa/56/04.md index 80bc42f91c..336cc8e511 100644 --- a/isa/56/04.md +++ b/isa/56/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in my house and within my walls -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "inside the walls of my temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# that will never be cut off -* **that will not be cut off** - AT: "that will never end" or "that will never be forgotten" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that will never end" or "that will never be forgotten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/06.md b/isa/56/06.md index 0d444cda60..1b9cdf5eac 100644 --- a/isa/56/06.md +++ b/isa/56/06.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# who join themselves to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to foreigners who have joined Yahweh's people. -## translationNotes +# who love the name of Yahweh -* **who join themselves to Yahweh ** - This refers to non-Hebrews who have joined Yahweh's people. -* **who love the name of Yahweh** - AT: "who love Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **holy mountain** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:11:08]]. -* **will be accepted on my altar** - AT: "I will accept on my altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my house will be called a house of prayer** - AT: "my house will be a house of prayer" +Yahweh's "name" represents himself. AT: "who love Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# holy mountain + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). + +# will be accepted on my altar + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will accept on my altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my house will be called a house of prayer + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my house will be a house of prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/08.md b/isa/56/08.md index 8158267b10..a2c8cb09b6 100644 --- a/isa/56/08.md +++ b/isa/56/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, who gathers the outcasts of Israel -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **declaration of Lord Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, who gathers the outcasts of Israel, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, who gather the outcasts of Israel, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/09.md b/isa/56/09.md index 5fcc1d62ad..db9dbef1de 100644 --- a/isa/56/09.md +++ b/isa/56/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# All you wild beasts of the field, come and devour, all you beasts in the forest -* [[en:tw:devour]] +God is calling armies of other nations by comparing them to animals to come and attack the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# All their watchmen are blind -* **All you wild beasts of the field, come and devour, all you beasts in the forest** - God is calling armies of other nations to come and attack the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **All their watchmen are blind** - This means Israel's leaders cannot or perhaps do not want to see what is going on in society. -* **they are all dumb dogs** - The leaders are supposed to open their mouths and warn the people, but they do not. Calling someone a dog in this society is a great insult. -* **dreaming, lying down, loving to sleep** - This means the leaders are not bringing God's word of warning to Israel. +This means Israel's leaders cannot or perhaps do not want to see what is going on in society. + +# They are all silent dogs + +The leaders are supposed to open their mouths and warn the people, but they do not. Comparing someone to a dog in this society is a great insult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They dream, and lying down they love to sleep + +This means the leaders are not bringing God's word of warning to Israel but prefer their own comfort. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/11.md b/isa/56/11.md index 4dad115015..ef4a98d2dc 100644 --- a/isa/56/11.md +++ b/isa/56/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:discernment|discern, discernment]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Yahweh continues describing the evil leaders of his people. -## translationNotes +# The dogs have big appetites -* Yahweh continues describing Israel's bad leaders. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues comparing Israel's bad leaders to dogs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/intro.md b/isa/56/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c4a62f896b --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/56/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 56 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gentiles ##### +Many scholars believe this chapter prophesies that Gentiles will be able to come to a saving faith in Yahweh. At this time, the Israelites believed that only an Israelite could be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Beasts ##### +The Israelites are compared to beasts and dogs in this chapter. This would have been very offensive to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 56:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../55/intro.md) | [>>](../57/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/01.md b/isa/57/01.md index 4f4239d211..3bf3430d6c 100644 --- a/isa/57/01.md +++ b/isa/57/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the people of covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). AT: "the people who are faithful to the covenant" or "the people who are faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# are gathered away ... rest in their beds -* **the people of covenant faithfulness** - "the people who are just and keep God's law" or "the people who are loyal to God" -* **are gathered away…rest in their bed** - Both of these refer to dying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **that the righteous is gathered away from the evil** - AT: "that the righteous people die, and Yahweh takes them away from all that is evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He enters into peace** - "The righteous enter into peace" -* **those who walk in their uprightness** - AT: "those who have done what is right" +Both of these refer to dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# that the righteous is gathered away from the evil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the righteous people die, and Yahweh takes them away from all that is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He enters into peace + +"The righteous enter into peace" + +# those who walk in their uprightness + +"those who have done what is right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/03.md b/isa/57/03.md index e1e512a331..6a39c533d4 100644 --- a/isa/57/03.md +++ b/isa/57/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But come here -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +God is calling all of the unfaithful people to come before him so he can judge them in a strong contrast to the promises for the righteous that came before. -## translationNotes +# sons of the sorceress -* **But draw near** - God is calling all of the unfaithful people to him so he can judge them. -* **sons of the sorceress** - Here, calling them people who practice sorcery is a way of saying that the people of Judah are idolaters. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **children of the adulterer and the woman who has prostituted herself** - This refers mainly to //spiritual // adultery. They have abandoned the worship of God and now worship other gods and idols. And yet, prostitution //was// involved in pagan Canaanite ceremonies. -* **Whom are you merrily mocking? Against whom are you opening the mouth and sticking out the tongue?** - Yahweh uses questions to scold the people who are mocking him through false worship. AT: "You are mocking me and making fun of me by opening your mouth wide and sticking out the tongue!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are you not children of rebellion, children of deceit?** - Yahweh uses another question to scold the people. This does not refer to their birth but to their spiritual state. +This is a strong insult against the people who practice sorcery because sorcery and magic includes idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# children of the adulterer and the woman who has prostituted herself + +This refers to actual and spiritual adultery. They have abandoned the worship of God and now worship other gods and idols along with actual prostitution in pagan Canaanite ceremonies. + +# Whom are you merrily mocking? Against whom are you opening the mouth and sticking out the tongue? + +Yahweh uses questions to scold the people who are mocking him through false worship. AT: "You are mocking me and making fun of me by opening your mouth wide and sticking out the tongue!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are you not children of rebellion, children of deceit? + +Yahweh uses another question to scold the people. This does not refer to their birth but to their spiritual state. AT: "You are children of rebellion, children of deceit!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/05.md b/isa/57/05.md index e5fad0739d..15a872fc63 100644 --- a/isa/57/05.md +++ b/isa/57/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You heat yourselves ... under the rocky overhangs -* Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -* **You heat yourselves…under the rocky overhangs** - All of these actions are associated with worshiping idols. The oaks were sacred trees to the Canaanites. People thought such activity would increase fertility for people and the land. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +All of these actions are associated with worshiping idols. The oaks were sacred trees to the Canaanites. People thought such activity would increase fertility for people and the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/06.md b/isa/57/06.md index 967554fca3..23d47f641f 100644 --- a/isa/57/06.md +++ b/isa/57/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# that have been assigned to you -* Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -* **that have been assigned to you** - AT: "that is your lot" or "that is your inheritance" The exact meaning in Hebrew is unclear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **In these things should I take pleasure?** - Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "Certainly, these things do not please me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. The exact meaning in Hebrew is unclear. AT: "that is your lot" or "that is your inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# In these things should I take pleasure? + +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "Certainly, these things do not please me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/07.md b/isa/57/07.md index fb48101673..b22dd51f7b 100644 --- a/isa/57/07.md +++ b/isa/57/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:doorpost]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You prepared your bed -* Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -* **on a high mountain** - People often went on top of hills and mountains to worship false gods. They thought those were the best places for worship. This might even refer to Jerusalem, too. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **you prepared your bed** - This refers to having sex with prostitutes as a part of worshiping false gods. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **You made a covenant with them ** - AT: "You made a contract with them" or "You bribed them" -* **made yourselves naked, and went up; you made your bed wide. You made a covenant with them; you loved their beds; you saw their private parts** - This refers to the Israelites joining with those who worship false gods. This also included participating in sexual immorality. +This refers to sleeping with prostitutes as a part of worshiping false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# on a high mountain + +People often went on top of hills and mountains to worship false gods. They thought those were the best places for worship. This might even refer to Jerusalem, too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You made a covenant with them + +"You made a contract with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/09.md b/isa/57/09.md index 0f6be69b8f..ecb1a5cd7b 100644 --- a/isa/57/09.md +++ b/isa/57/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ambassador]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you went down to Sheol -* Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -* **you went down to Sheol** - The people did not literally go to Sheol. Yahweh is exaggerating slightly to emphasize how far they were willing to travel to find new gods to worship. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **therefore you did not weaken** - This means they continued seeking for other gods. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +The people did not literally go to Sheol, the world of the dead. Instead, Yahweh is indicating by exaggeration that the people were willing to go anywhere to find new gods to worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# You found life in your hand + +After trying so hard, the idolators found they still had strength to keep going. Here "hand" equals "strength" or "capacity." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/11.md b/isa/57/11.md index 5969dd84f9..6092250201 100644 --- a/isa/57/11.md +++ b/isa/57/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Whom are you worried about? Whom do you fear so much that has caused you to act so deceitfully ... about me? -* Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -* **Whom are you worried about and afraid of, that you acted so deceitfully?** - Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "You must really fear these idols for you to act so deceitfully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **call me to mind** - "pay attention to me" or "remember me" -* **I was not long silent, was I?** - Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "I waited a long time before I punished you for your sins" -* **I will proclaim your 'righteousness'** - Here Yahweh is being sarcastic, calling their evil deeds so-called righteousness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +Yahweh uses these questions to scold the people. AT: "You must really fear these idols for you to act so deceitfully ... about me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# so much that you would not remember me or think about me + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that, although the people should have remembered Yahweh, they did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will proclaim all your righteous acts and tell all that you have done + +Yahweh is being sarcastic, calling their evil deeds so-called righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/13.md b/isa/57/13.md index 46e36274a1..41af17f9e3 100644 --- a/isa/57/13.md +++ b/isa/57/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# let your collection of idols rescue you -* Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -* **let your collection of idols rescue you** - Yahweh is mocking the people and their idols. He tells the idols to save the people though he knows they cannot. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **Instead the wind will carry them all away, a breath will carry them all away.** - This is saying the same thing in two ways for emphasis. It means the idols are helpless and worthless. AT: "Instead the wind or even a breath will blow them away." This might refer to the breath of God's spirit. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **holy mountain** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:11:08]]. +Yahweh is mocking the people and their idols. He tells the idols to save the people though he knows they cannot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# the wind will carry them all away, a breath will carry them all away + +This is saying the same thing in two ways to emphasize that idols are helpless and worthless. AT: "the wind, or even a breath, will blow them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# holy mountain + +The "holy mountain" is Mount Zion, in Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/14.md b/isa/57/14.md index 0050a259a5..3402ed703c 100644 --- a/isa/57/14.md +++ b/isa/57/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Build, build! Clear a way! Remove all the stumbling blocks from the path of my people -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] +Yahweh is emphatic and urgent that a clear and level road be available for the people to return to him and free of obstacles to worshiping Yahweh. This echoes [Isaiah 40:3](../40/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# For this is what the high and elevated One says -* **Build, build! Clear a way! Remove all the stumbling blocks from the path of my people** - Yahweh is emphatic and urgent that a clear and level road be available for the people to return to him. Basically he is referring to their lives being rid of idols. This echoes Isaiah 40:3. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For this is what the high and lofty One says, who lives eternally, whose name is holy ** - See the way you translated something similar in 6:1, 33:10, and 52:13. -* **to revive the spirit of the humble ones, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones** - This is saying the same thing in two ways for emphasis. Yahweh will greatly encourage the humble. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **spirit…heart** - Here these refer to a person's thoughts and emotions, not the spirit and heart literally. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "high" and "elevated" have basically the same meaning here and emphasize Yahweh being exalted. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 6:1](../06/01.md) and [Isaiah 33:10](../33/10.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 52:13](../52/13.md). + +# to revive the spirit of the humble ones, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will strengthen and encourage those who humble themselves before him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# spirit ... heart + +Here these refer to a person's thoughts and emotions, not the spirit and heart literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/16.md b/isa/57/16.md index e42db995e2..47d3a5ec46 100644 --- a/isa/57/16.md +++ b/isa/57/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I hid my face -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I hid my face** - This means God gave up on his people and no longer helped or blessed them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* ** he went backward in the way of his heart. ** - This means the Israelites kept rejecting the true God for false ones. +This means God gave up on his people and no longer helped or blessed them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he went backward in the way of his heart + +This means the Israelites kept rejecting the true God for false ones. Here "backward" and "way" are location words representing motivations and feelings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/18.md b/isa/57/18.md index 32ba157353..87a25c1ece 100644 --- a/isa/57/18.md +++ b/isa/57/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# his ways -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **his ways** - Here "his" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "their ways" -* **comfort and console those who mourn for him** - "I will soothe and calm those who feel sad for the people's sinful behavior" -* **and I create the fruit of the lips** - AT: "I cause them to praise and thank me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Peace, peace to those who are far off** - The word "peace" is repeated for emphasis. AT: "I have made peace with them" +"their ways." Here "his" refers to the people of Israel. + +# comfort and console those who mourn for him + +"I will soothe and calm those who feel sad for the people's suffering because of their sinful behavior" + +# I create the fruit of the lips + +Here "fruit of the lips" refers to what a person says. AT: "I cause them to praise and thank me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Peace, peace, to those who are far off + +"I have made peace with them who are far off." The word "Peace" is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/20.md b/isa/57/20.md index 6ff9613e8b..040e458b88 100644 --- a/isa/57/20.md +++ b/isa/57/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# But the wicked are like the tossing sea ... mire and mud -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] - -## translationNotes - -* **But the wicked are like the tossing sea…mire and mud** - This emphasizes that there is no peace for the wicked. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This compares the wicked to rough water on the shore that makes the water dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/intro.md b/isa/57/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..45e20378ee --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/57/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 57 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Child sacrifice ##### +This chapter references the killing of children. Some religions in the ancient Near East practiced the sacrificing of their children. This was considered evil by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Mocking ##### +The people abandoned the worship of Yahweh in favor of other gods. When they needed help, he tells them to ask these false gods. This is mocking the power of the false gods and shows the people the uselessness of their worship of these gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 57:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../56/intro.md) | [>>](../58/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/01.md b/isa/58/01.md index 255e3da75a..d8281753c6 100644 --- a/isa/58/01.md +++ b/isa/58/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Lift up your voice like a trumpet -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This means shout loudly. Here "your" refers to Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Confront my people with their rebellion, and the house of Jacob with their sins -* **lift up your voice like a trumpet** - This means shout loudly. Here "your" refers to Isaiah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **confront my people with their rebellion, and the house of Jacob with their sins** - This is saying the same thing in two ways for emphasis. Here "my" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the urgency to confront Yahweh's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/03.md b/isa/58/03.md index 6349ae4499..b71d250a02 100644 --- a/isa/58/03.md +++ b/isa/58/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# 'Why have we fasted,' they say, 'but you do not see it? Why have we humbled ourselves, but you do not notice?' -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Why have we fasted," they say, "but you do not see it? Why have we humbled ourselves, but you do not notice?** - The people of Israel use questions to complain to God because they feel he is ignoring them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The people of Israel use questions to complain to God because they feel he is ignoring them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/04.md b/isa/58/04.md index 88280c00ba..a5898e7e34 100644 --- a/isa/58/04.md +++ b/isa/58/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel by answering their challenging question. -## translationNotes +# Look -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **fist of wickedness** - "wicked fist." This shows to what point they fight--viciously. It is possible that going without food leads them to being irritable to the point of violence. -* **Is this really the kind of fast that I would want** - Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. They act like they are humble before God, but they are hurting other people. AT: "This is not the kind of fast I want" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **A day for every man to humble himself, for him to bow down his head like a reed** - This means the person is bowing down, but he is not truly humble. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Do you really call this a fast, a day that pleases Yahweh?** - Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "Surely you do not think this kind of fast pleases me" +"Behold!" or "Pay attention." Yahweh confronts their questioning by telling them to pay attention. + +# fist of wickedness + +"wicked fist." This shows that they fight viciously. "Fist" represents anger that is physically violent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Is this really the kind of fast that I would want ... under himself? + +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. They act like they are humble before God, but they are hurting other people. AT: "This is not the kind of fast I want ... under himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# A day for anybody to humble himself, for him to bow down his head like a reed + +This means the person is bowing down, but he is not truly humble. "A reed" represents a weak plant that bends easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Do you really call this a fast, a day that pleases Yahweh? + +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "Surely you do not think this kind of fast pleases me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/06.md b/isa/58/06.md index a13e3fd0cd..f0294b941e 100644 --- a/isa/58/06.md +++ b/isa/58/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Is not this the fast that I choose ... break every yoke? -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Is not this the fast that I choose** - Yahweh uses a question to teach the people about the kind of fast that pleases him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to release wicked bonds, to undo the ropes of the yoke, to set the crushed ones free, and to break every yoke?** - All of these phrases mean they should help those people that the wicked are hurting and oppressing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Is it not to** - Yahweh uses another question to teach the people. +Yahweh uses a question to teach the people about the kind of fast that pleases him. AT: "This is the fast that I choose ... break every yoke." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# To release wicked bonds, to undo the ropes of the yoke, to set the crushed ones free, and to break every yoke + +All of these phrases mean they should help those people whom the wicked are hurting and oppressing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Is it not to ... your house? + +Yahweh uses another question to teach the people. AT: "It is to ... your house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# break your bread + +This phrase represents starting the meal by the host tearing the loaf of bread apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/08.md b/isa/58/08.md index 918e24d9f2..69dbae055e 100644 --- a/isa/58/08.md +++ b/isa/58/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Then your light would be broken open like the sunrise -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Then your light would be broken open like the sunrise** - This means that if they help people in need, their deeds will be like lights others will see, as when the sun comes up after a dark night. Or the light may refer to the light of the Lord, shining on them and blessing them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and your healing would quickly sprout up** - This means God will bless and restore them quickly, as a wound heals quickly. -* **your righteousness would go before you, and the glory of Yahweh would be your rearguard** - This refers to the time when God protected the people of Israel as they escaped from Egypt. This means God will again protect them from their enemies if they will do what is right. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) +"Break open" is an idiom that means when a light begins to shine brightly. This means that if they help people in need, their deeds will be like lights others will see, as when the sun comes up after a dark night. Or the light may refer to the light of the Lord, shining on them and blessing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your healing would quickly sprout up + +This means God will bless and restore them quickly, as a wound heals quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your righteousness would go before you, and the glory of Yahweh would be your rearguard + +This refers to the time when God protected the people of Israel as they escaped from Egypt. This means God will again protect them from their enemies if they will do what is right. + +# your righteousness + +This expression in Hebrew can also be interpreted as the one who gives righteousness or even victory. In this context, this expression would refer to God. A few modern versions have this interpretation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/09.md b/isa/58/09.md index 1426e384f2..8191ee5531 100644 --- a/isa/58/09.md +++ b/isa/58/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# then your light will rise in the darkness, and your darkness will be like the noonday -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **then your light will rise in the darkness, and your darkness will be like the noonday** - This means their acts of kindness will be examples of light in the community, and the "darkness," the bad deeds, will be overcome by the light. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Your light" represents the acts of kindness that will be examples to everyone, and the "darkness," the bad deeds, will be overcome by their good deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/11.md b/isa/58/11.md index f88a5f0015..6f852c747a 100644 --- a/isa/58/11.md +++ b/isa/58/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# satisfy you in regions where there is no water -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **satisfy the dry region of your soul** - AT: "satisfy you like a rain falling in the desert" or "satisfy you even in the driest desert" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **You will be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters never fail** - This means they will have all they need for an abundant life. Judah was a dry land, and water was essential to life. Also, it may recall the garden of Eden . (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Water" represents all they need for an abundant life even when their surroundings do not have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will be like a watered garden + +"A watered garden" represents abundance and plenty so they will have all they need. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a spring of water, whose waters never fail + +"A spring of water" represents a source of abundance in a land where water is precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/12.md b/isa/58/12.md index ca524d5491..e2eb68b3a7 100644 --- a/isa/58/12.md +++ b/isa/58/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you will be called -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **you will be called** - AT: "People will call you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/13.md b/isa/58/13.md index 4de1f6ac68..1ab6f44fdc 100644 --- a/isa/58/13.md +++ b/isa/58/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you turn back your feet from traveling on the Sabbath day, and from doing your own pleasure on my holy day -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **turn back your feet from traveling on the Sabbath day, and from doing your own pleasure on my holy day** - AT: "If you traveling and doing what you want to do on the Sabbath, my holy day." Here "feet" refers to the kinds of work and traveling that the people did on all other days. God did not allow work on the Sabbath day. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the people are represented by their "feet." God did not allow long travels or work on the day of rest. AT: "you stop traveling and doing what you want to do on the Sabbath, my holy day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/14.md b/isa/58/14.md index 393a59a7f4..f759cc59e2 100644 --- a/isa/58/14.md +++ b/isa/58/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will make you ride on the heights of the earth -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **and I will make you ride on the high places of the earth** - This recalls Deuteronomy 32.13 and means that God will wonderfully care for and protect them as he did their ancestors. It might mean, too, that their name would be known widely and that they would overcome and be victorious. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken** - AT: "for Yahweh has spoken it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This refers to God exalting the nation in reputation and power in response to living righteously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken + +The word "mouth" symbolizes what Yahweh says. AT: "for Yahweh has spoken it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/intro.md b/isa/58/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d0033e074 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/58/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 58 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fasting ##### +The practice of fasting became more common after the exile. This was intended to bring people into a right relationship with God by creating a designated time to concentrate on him. It may have been believed that Yahweh heard people better when they fasted. The significance of fasting is derived from the faster's attitude of repentance and faith in Yahweh and not the practice itself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Yet they seek me daily" ##### +The people did not truly seek Yahweh every day. They practiced the outward aspects of the Jewish religion, but their hearts were far from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 58:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../57/intro.md) | [>>](../59/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/01.md b/isa/59/01.md index e7d67d7124..149211ba7b 100644 --- a/isa/59/01.md +++ b/isa/59/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Behold!" "You should know!" Yahweh tells the people to pay attention. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh's hand is not so short -* **your...you** - These pronouns refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +"Hand" represents power and ability. A "short" hand does not have power and ability. AT: "Yahweh is fully able" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your ... you + +These plural pronouns refer to the people of Israel as a single group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your sins have made him hide his face from you + +"Face" represents being present and looking upon. AT: "your sins have made him turn away from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/03.md b/isa/59/03.md index ed518aeda5..7e8c8355fc 100644 --- a/isa/59/03.md +++ b/isa/59/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# For your hands are stained with blood and your fingers with sin -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **For your hands are stained with blood and your fingers with sin** - Here "hands" and "fingers" refers to their actions. This means they are guilty of doing violent and sinful things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they conceive trouble and give birth to sin** - This emphasizes how carefully they plan to do sinful things. Here "they" still refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "hands" and "fingers" refers to their actions. This means they are guilty of doing violent and sinful things. "Your" is plural. AT: "For you have committed violent sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Your lips speak lies and your tongue speaks maliciously + +The parts of the body that make speech represent what people say. AT: "You speak lies and malicious things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they conceive trouble and give birth to sin + +"Conceiving" and "giving birth" emphasize how carefully they plan to do sinful things. Here "they" still refers to the people of Israel. AT: "they work hard to do sinful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/05.md b/isa/59/05.md index c3126afa35..dde1d9a464 100644 --- a/isa/59/05.md +++ b/isa/59/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel about the evil they do using the metaphors of poisonous snakes and spider's webs. -## translationNotes +# They hatch eggs of a poisonous snake -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **They hatch eggs of a poisonous snake…weave a spider's web** - The people of Judah were so wicked that they made plans to endanger and harm others. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Whoever eats of their eggs dies, and if an egg is crushed, it hatches into a poisonous snake** - This means the wicked people's sins will always harm other people. -* **if an egg is crushed** - AT: "if someone crushes an egg" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Their webs cannot be used for garments, nor can they cover themselves with their works** - This means their sinful deeds cannot be covered and hidden, just as a web cannot serve as as clothing and cover someone. Their evil deeds will be exposed. -* **Their webs cannot be used for garments** - AT: "They cannot clothe themselves with their webs" +Eggs of a poisonous snake hatch into more dangerous snakes. "Poisonous snakes" represents evil the people do that harms more and more. AT: "They make evil that spreads out to make more evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# weave a spider's web + +This represents the deeds of the people that are useless. AT: "produce things and activities that are useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whoever eats of their eggs dies, and if an egg is crushed, it hatches into a poisonous snake + +Eating a poisonous egg will kill the one that eats it and represents self-destruction. Breaking the egg allows the young poisonous snake to hatch and represents spreading destruction. AT: "The activities they do will destroy them and will spread destruction to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if an egg is crushed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone crushes an egg" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Their webs cannot be used for garments, nor can they cover themselves with their works + +This means their sinful deeds cannot be covered and hidden, just as a web cannot serve as clothing and cover someone. AT: "Their evil deeds will be exposed as useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their webs cannot be used for garments + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They cannot clothe themselves with their webs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# deeds of violence are in their hands + +"Hands" represents the ability and power to do these things and therefore their responsibility. AT: "they are fully responsible for the violence they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/07.md b/isa/59/07.md index 4e5b86a79b..ff331a5809 100644 --- a/isa/59/07.md +++ b/isa/59/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Their feet run to evil -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Their feet run to evil** - This means the wicked people are quick to do evil things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **are their roads** - AT: "is all they do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **there is no justice in their paths** - AT: "they never do what is just" or "everything they do is unjust" -* **They have made crooked paths** - This refers to people who say and do dishonest things. They are devious. +Here people are represented by their "feet." This speaks of them doing something quickly as their feet running to it. AT: "They are quick to do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are their roads + +"roads" represents their way of life. AT: "are all they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no justice in their paths + +"paths" represents their way of life. AT: "they never do what is just" or "everything they do is unjust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They have made crooked paths + +"Crooked paths" represents the way of life that is corrupt. AT: "They say and do dishonest things. They are devious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/09.md b/isa/59/09.md index 36ff6680b0..931c03ce0b 100644 --- a/isa/59/09.md +++ b/isa/59/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# justice is far from us -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **far from us** - Here "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **We wait for light, but see darkness; we look for brightness, but we walk in darkness** - Both of these mean basically the same thing. This means the people are waiting for God's goodness, but it seems like he has abandoned them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **We grope for the wall like the blind…like dead men** - This means that because God is not coming to them, they feel helpless, not finding the right path and despairing of the future, with no hope for a vibrant life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. "Far" represents that justice is gone and difficult to get. AT: "justice is gone and very difficult to get" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We wait for light, but see darkness; we look for brightness, but we walk in darkness + +Each of these phrases means that the people are waiting for God's goodness, but it seems like he has abandoned them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We grope for the wall like the blind ... like dead men + +This means that because God is not coming to them, they feel helpless, not finding the right path and despairing of the future, with no hope for a vibrant life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/11.md b/isa/59/11.md index 5d960c08e7..45e46ee061 100644 --- a/isa/59/11.md +++ b/isa/59/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bear]] -* [[en:tw:bear|bear]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# We growl like bears and moan like doves -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **We growl like bears and moan like doves** - These refer to the sounds the people made because they were distressed and mourning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +These refer to the sounds the people made because they were distressed and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/12.md b/isa/59/12.md index 039e08c548..2dbe0c7f34 100644 --- a/isa/59/12.md +++ b/isa/59/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# our many transgressions -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **our many transgressions** - Here "our" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **before you** - Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **our sins testify against us** - Isaiah describes the sins as a person who goes before God to declare that the people are guilty. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **for our transgressions are with us** - "for we are aware of our transgressions" +Here "our" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# before you + +Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# our sins testify against us + +Isaiah describes the sins as a person who goes before God to declare that the people are guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# for our transgressions are with us + +"With us" represents being aware of them. AT: "for we are aware of our transgressions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/14.md b/isa/59/14.md index 121ed345d3..3dbc5f9738 100644 --- a/isa/59/14.md +++ b/isa/59/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:stumble|stumble]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Justice is driven back -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **truth stumbles** - Isaiah describes "truth" as a person who falls down. This means the people fail to speak the truth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people drive justice back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Justice ... righteousness ... truth ... right ... Trustworthiness + +These are ideas that Isaiah describes as acting like persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/16.md b/isa/59/16.md index c7b2441773..2a07d1f227 100644 --- a/isa/59/16.md +++ b/isa/59/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# He saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no one to intervene. -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **He saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no one to intervene** - AT: “Yahweh was appaled that no one came to help those who were suffering” or “Yahweh was astonished that no one came to help those who were suffering” -* **Therefore his own arm brought salvation for him** - "Arm" is a metaphor for "power." AT: "Yahweh used his own power to save the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and his righteousness sustained him** - God's nature is to always do what is just and right. AT: "and he did right as he always would do" +"Yahweh was appalled that no one came to help those who were suffering." or "Yahweh was astonished that no one came to help those who were suffering." + +# Therefore his own arm brought salvation for him + +Yahweh's "arm" represents his ability and power. AT: "Yahweh used his own power to save the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his righteousness sustained him + +"Righteousness" is a quality that acts like a person. The word can be translated as an adjective. AT: "he did right as he always would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/17.md b/isa/59/17.md index 76916cae37..1ef4212698 100644 --- a/isa/59/17.md +++ b/isa/59/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He put on righteousness as a breastplate and a helmet of salvation upon his head. He clothed himself with garments of vengeance and wore zeal as a mantle -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +"breastplate," "helmet," "garments," and "mantle" are clothing for war and fighting. Isaiah describes Yahweh as putting these on to punish his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# mantle -* **He put on righteousness as a breastplate and a helmet of salvation upon his head. He clothed himself with garments of vengeance and wore zeal as a mantle** - This shows God preparing to punish the wicked people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **mantle** - a loose, flowing robe -* **He repaid them** - Isaiah is describing a future event as if it happened in the past. This means that it will certainly happen. +a loose, flowing robe + +# He repaid them + +Isaiah is describing a future event as if it happened in the past. This means that it will certainly happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/19.md b/isa/59/19.md index d4106442e9..2313716e2c 100644 --- a/isa/59/19.md +++ b/isa/59/19.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# fear the name of Yahweh -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **the name of Yahweh** - Here "name" refers to Yahweh's reputation and character. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **from the west…from the sun's rising** - Isaiah combines these words to mean people in all places of the world. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **for he will come as a rushing stream** - Narrow valleys in Judah were dry most of the year until a sudden, heavy rain turned them into fast-moving water. When that happened there was a lot of noise and wind. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **driven by the breath of Yahweh** - AT: "which the breath of Yahweh drives" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. +Here "name" refers to Yahweh's reputation and character. AT: "fear Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the west ... from the sun's rising + +Isaiah combines these words to mean people in all places of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# for he will come as a rushing stream + +Narrow valleys in Judah were dry most of the year until a sudden, heavy rain turned them into fast-moving water. When that happened there was a lot of noise and wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# driven by the breath of Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which the breath of Yahweh drives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/21.md b/isa/59/21.md index 138ab8be40..dc0cc16543 100644 --- a/isa/59/21.md +++ b/isa/59/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# my words which I have put in your mouth -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **my words which I have put in your mouth** - AT: "the message I have given you to speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"the message I have given you to speak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/intro.md b/isa/59/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9fd8f49db2 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/59/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 59 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's deliverance ##### +When Israel was conquered, they were being punished for their sin. Yahweh is strong enough to deliver them, but he did not because he desired to refine them through the experience of the exile. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 59:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../58/intro.md) | [>>](../60/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/01.md b/isa/60/01.md index 1df825194d..8909ddb53a 100644 --- a/isa/60/01.md +++ b/isa/60/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Arise, shine; for your light has come, and the glory of Yahweh has risen on you -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Arise, shine, for your light has come, and the glory of Yahwah has risen on you** - This refers to the glorious things Yahweh has done for the inhabitants of Jerusalem. They are now to show that glory through what they do and say and have hope in the future. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to the glorious things Yahweh has done for the inhabitants of Jerusalem. They are now to show that glory through what they do and say and have hope in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/02.md b/isa/60/02.md index 51e9b40eb0..d3ee4dc17b 100644 --- a/isa/60/02.md +++ b/isa/60/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah is speaking to the people of Israel. He continues the metaphor about "light." (See: [Isaiah 60:1](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# Though darkness will cover the earth, and thick darkness the nations -* Isaiah is speaking to the people of Israel. He continues the metaphor about "light" and "dark." (See: [[:en:bible:notes:isa:60:01]]) -* **Though darkness will cover the earth, and thick darkness the nations** - Both of these phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. They refer to "spiritual darkness." This means all the other people of the world will not know Yahweh or how to please him. This is a metaphor for divine judgment. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **yet Yahweh will arise upon you** - This means the people of Israel will have the light of God's presence, and it will light their way. -* **and his glory will be seen on you** - AT: "and the people of the nations will see his glory on you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Both of these phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. They refer to "spiritual darkness." This means all the other people of the world will not know Yahweh or how to please him. This is a metaphor for divine judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# yet Yahweh will arise upon you + +This means the light of God's presence will appear for the people of Israel, and it will show the way they should go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his glory will be seen on you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of the nations will see his glory on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/04.md b/isa/60/04.md index e4b72ba8c6..441011f4f5 100644 --- a/isa/60/04.md +++ b/isa/60/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Here Yahweh begins speaking. -## translationNotes +# They all gather themselves -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **They all gather themselves** - "They" refers to the rest of the people of Israel returning to Jerusalem. -* **your daughters will be carried in their arms** - AT: "You will be brought back like daughters being carried on the hip" or "they will carry your daughters on the hip" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Then you will look and be radiant, and your heart shall rejoice and overflow** - This is saying the same thing in two different ways and emphasizes that they will be very happy at what will happen in Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the abundance of the sea** - This refers to the riches and goods that will come to Jerusalem via ships, perhaps from along the Mediterranean Sea. +"They" refers to the rest of the people of Israel who will come together to return to Jerusalem. + +# your daughters will be carried in their arms + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will carry your daughters in their arms" or "they will carry your daughters on their hips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then you will look and be radiant, and your heart shall rejoice and overflow + +These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that they will be very happy because of what will happen in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the abundance of the sea + +This refers to the riches and goods that will come to Jerusalem by way of shipping, perhaps from along the Mediterranean Sea. + +# be poured out to you + +This describes that the abundance will be like water that gushes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/06.md b/isa/60/06.md index b70fd61192..60f483d2ab 100644 --- a/isa/60/06.md +++ b/isa/60/06.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sheba]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the dromedaries -* Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **the dromedaries** - "the young camels" -* **Ephah...Kedar...Nebaioth** - These are the names of areas in Arabia. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **All the flocks of Kedar will be gathered together to you** - AT: "The people of Kedar will gather their flocks for you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the rams of Nebaioth will serve your needs** - This refers to their need for sacrifices. -* **they will be acceptable offerings on my altar** - AT: "I, Yahweh, will accept them on my altar" +"the young camels" + +# Ephah ... Kedar ... Nebaioth + +These are the names of areas in Arabia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All the flocks of Kedar will be gathered together to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Kedar will gather their flocks for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the rams of Nebaioth will serve your needs + +This refers to their need for sacrifices. + +# they will be acceptable offerings on my altar + +"I, Yahweh, will accept them on my altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/08.md b/isa/60/08.md index 072cddc3f8..1813cb2e70 100644 --- a/isa/60/08.md +++ b/isa/60/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Who are these who fly along like a cloud, and like the doves to their shelters? -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Who are these who fly along like a cloud, and like the doves to their shelters?** - Yahweh uses questions and poetic images to draw attention here. He compares the sails of the ships to clouds and doves. Doves are sometimes trained to return to the dovecotes (shelters) where they belong. This is a picture, too, of the Israelites returning to the country where they belong. AT: "Look, I see something like clouds moving quickly and like doves returning to their shelters." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **The coastlands** - AT: "The people from the coastlands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. -* **he has honored you** - "Yahweh has honored you, the people of Israel" +Yahweh uses questions and poetic images to draw attention here. He compares the sails of the ships to clouds and doves. This is also a picture of the Israelites returning to the country where they belong. AT: "Look, I see something like clouds moving quickly and like doves returning to their shelters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The coastlands + +This refers to the people who live on the coastlands and describes the area of coastlands as if it was people looking out. AT: "The people from the coastlands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the ships of Tarshish + +This expression usually means large merchant ships suitable for long voyages. + +# Holy One of Israel + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). + +# he has honored you + +"Yahweh has honored you, the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/10.md b/isa/60/10.md index 783f495ef6..1791069a9d 100644 --- a/isa/60/10.md +++ b/isa/60/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# they will not be shut day or night -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **they will not be shut day nor night** - AT: "no one will ever shut them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **so that the wealth of the nations may be brought, with their kings being led** - AT: "so that the people of the nations may bring their wealth, along with their kings" +Here "day" and "night" together mean "all the time." This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever shut them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# so that the wealth of the nations may be brought, with their kings being led + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the people of the nations may bring their wealth, along with their kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/12.md b/isa/60/12.md index 5a2ea92a6a..9a648d1e60 100644 --- a/isa/60/12.md +++ b/isa/60/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fir]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# those nations will be completely destroyed -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **those nations will be completely destroyed** - AT: "I will completely destroy the people of those nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The glory of Lebanon will come to you** - This refers to Lebanon being known for its beautiful trees, especially cypress and cedar. The exact identification of all the trees is not known. -* **the place of my feet** - This refers to Yahweh's temple. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will completely destroy the people of those nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The glory of Lebanon + +This refers to Lebanon being famous for its beautiful trees, especially cypress and cedar. The exact identification of all the trees is not known. + +# the place of my feet + +This refers to Yahweh's temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/14.md b/isa/60/14.md index b301fa4737..3a66bc639d 100644 --- a/isa/60/14.md +++ b/isa/60/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Holy One of Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Holy One of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:01:04]]. +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/15.md b/isa/60/15.md index 803e20bfb6..e234ad65bc 100644 --- a/isa/60/15.md +++ b/isa/60/15.md @@ -1,31 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:savior|Savior]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# with no one passing through you -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **with no one passing through you** - AT: "with everyone ignoring your land" or "with all the foreigners ignoring your land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **You will also drink the milk of the nations, and will nurse at the breast of kings** - This refers to the wealth that will be drained from foreign nations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Redeemer** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:41:14]]. -* **the Mighty One of Jacob** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:49:26]]. +"with everyone avoiding your land" or "with all the foreigners avoiding your land" + +# You will also drink the milk of the nations, and will nurse at the breast of kings + +This refers to the wealth and plenty that will be drained from foreign nations. Both clauses repeat the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Redeemer + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). + +# the Mighty One of Jacob + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 49:26](../49/26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/17.md b/isa/60/17.md index 2f79d97225..6d129e5d84 100644 --- a/isa/60/17.md +++ b/isa/60/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# instead of wood, bronze, and instead of stones, iron -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **instead of wood, bronze, and instead of stones, iron** - Yahweh will give them more valuable building materials to them now. AT: "instead of wood, I will bring bronze, and instead of stones, I will bring iron" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **I will appoint peace as your governors, and justice your rulers** - Yahweh describes "peace" and "justice" as human rulers. This means there will be complete peace and justice in the land of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Violence will no longer be heard in your land** - AT: "There will no longer be violence in your land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but you will call your walls Salvation, and your gates Praise** - This means the city of Jerusalem will be a safe place, and the people there will praise Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh will give more valuable building materials to them now. AT: "instead of wood, I will bring bronze, and instead of stones, I will bring iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I will appoint peace as your governors, and justice your rulers + +Yahweh describes "peace" and "justice" as human rulers. This means there will be complete peace and justice in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Violence will no longer be heard in your land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There will no longer be reports of violence in your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but you will call your walls Salvation, and your gates Praise + +The physical objects have the names of spiritual qualities. The city of Jerusalem will be a safe place, and the people there will praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/19.md b/isa/60/19.md index 59db521c6e..2c80279c42 100644 --- a/isa/60/19.md +++ b/isa/60/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# for Yahweh will be your everlasting light -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Your sun will no longer set, nor will your moon withdraw and disappear** - This is not to be understood literally. The sun and moon will not disappear. This is saying that in comparison to the light of Yahweh, they will be nothing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Both verses repeat this same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Your sun will no longer set, nor will your moon withdraw and disappear + +The moon will not literally disappear. This exaggeration is saying that the light of the sun and the moon will be much less bright than the light of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/21.md b/isa/60/21.md index 86e8987c7c..11d2901172 100644 --- a/isa/60/21.md +++ b/isa/60/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the branch of my planting, the work of my hands -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **that I may be glorified** - AT: "so that you may glorify me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the branch of my planting** - Yahweh is comparing the people to young shoots coming up, which he, as a gardener, planted. Yahweh has placed his people in the land of Israel. This gives hope to the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a thousand** - "1,000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These phrases mean approximately the same and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the branch of my planting + +Yahweh is comparing the people to young shoots coming up that he planted as if he was a gardener. Yahweh has placed his people in the land of Israel. This gives hope to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the work of my hands + +Yahweh compares the people of Israel to something made by the skill of his handicraft. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that I may be glorified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that all people may glorify me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a thousand + +"1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/intro.md b/isa/60/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b71f5c97e --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/60/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 60 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's restoration ##### +This chapter pictures a time when Israel will be fully restored to Yahweh. They will be everything Yahweh intended them to be. All the nations will look to Israel and acknowledge her special relationship to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 60:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../59/intro.md) | [>>](../61/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/01.md b/isa/61/01.md index 91c1d3ce4f..fafbb30964 100644 --- a/isa/61/01.md +++ b/isa/61/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The Spirit of the Lord Yahweh is on me -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +"Spirit" here is the Holy Spirit of Yahweh who compels or motivates the person. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:2](../11/01.md) or in [Isaiah 42:1](../42/01.md). -## translationNotes +# the afflicted -* **is on me** - Here "me" refers to Isaiah the prophet. +This refers to poor people, those in great sorrow, or oppressed people who have problems they cannot overcome by themselves. + +# liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison for those who are bound + +These two phrases mean the same thing. They state that God will certainly give freedom to captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/02.md b/isa/61/02.md index f2c271fba3..6bfb25446e 100644 --- a/isa/61/02.md +++ b/isa/61/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# the year of Yahweh's favor, the day of vengeance -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **year of Yahweh's favor** - "time when Yahweh will act kindly toward his people" (UDB) +Both of these phrases refer to the same span of time. "Year" and "day" are both specific examples that represent the greater whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# year of Yahweh's favor + +"time when Yahweh will act kindly toward his people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/03.md b/isa/61/03.md index 1e18b20c02..0cf852aa20 100644 --- a/isa/61/03.md +++ b/isa/61/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# to give ... to give -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **turban** - a long piece of cloth that is wrapped around the head -* **oil of joy…a mantle of praise** - People put oil on themselves and dressed in beautiful, long robes during times of celebration and joy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in place of a spirit of dullness** - "in place of sadness" -* **oaks of righteousness, the planting of Yahweh** - This means Yahweh has caused the people to be fine and sturdy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that he may be glorified** - AT: "so that the people's lives may glorify him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Isaiah repeats this for emphasis. + +# a turban + +"a headdress" or "a beautiful head covering." This is a long piece of cloth that is wrapped around the head. + +# oil of joy ... a mantle of praise + +People put oil on themselves and dressed in beautiful, long robes during times of celebration and joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in place of a spirit of dullness + +"in place of sadness" or "in place of mourning" + +# oaks of righteousness, the planting of Yahweh + +This means Yahweh has caused the people to be strong and sturdy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that he may be glorified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the people's lives may glorify him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/04.md b/isa/61/04.md index 34da177e82..9eae7895b2 100644 --- a/isa/61/04.md +++ b/isa/61/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* Isaiah continues speaking. +Isaiah continues speaking using parallelisms in each line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/06.md b/isa/61/06.md index 338af66710..366498a62d 100644 --- a/isa/61/06.md +++ b/isa/61/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh's servant continues speaking to the people of Israel with each line a parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# You will be called -* Yahweh's servant continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **You will be called** - AT: "People will call you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* ** you will have double ** - This probably refers to a double portion of land. -* **they will rejoice over their share** - This still refers to the people of Israel. AT: "you will rejoice over your share" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will have double + +This probably refers to a double portion of land. + +# they will rejoice over their share ... they will ... their land ... will be theirs + +This still refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in second person. AT: "you will rejoice over your share ... you will ... your land ... will be yours" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/08.md b/isa/61/08.md index 659843ca81..d3004a4909 100644 --- a/isa/61/08.md +++ b/isa/61/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Their descendants will be known among the nations, and their offspring among the peoples -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two clauses mean the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People from other nations will know their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# their offspring among the peoples -* **Their descendants will be known among the nations** - AT: "People from other nations will know their descendants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This clause assumes the same verb as the previous one. AT: "their offspring will be known among the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/10.md b/isa/61/10.md index 202672b0a8..122bfbafe8 100644 --- a/isa/61/10.md +++ b/isa/61/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I will greatly rejoice in Yahweh -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +"I" refers to the people of God speaking as one person whom Yahweh has restored. -## translationNotes +# clothed me with the garments of salvation; he has clothed me with the robe of righteousness -* **I will greatly rejoice** - Possible meanings are 1) "I" refers to the people of God speaking as one person, or 2) "I" refers to on of the people who mourned. -* **my soul will exult in my God** - AT: This points to the close relationship of the person with God. "I will be very happy because of my God" or "I will delight in my God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **as a bridegroom adorns himself with a turban, and as a bride adorns herself with her jewels** - This emphasizes that the speaker is extremely happy, joyful, celebrating. The turban reminds one of the headdress of the priest. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **turban** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:61:03]]. -* **For as the earth puts forth its sprouting plants, and as the garden makes its planting grow** - This is saying the same thing in two ways for emphasis and to show that whatever God says he will do is certainly going to happen, just as seeds always sprout. It can be translated as, "Just as seeds sown in a garden sprout from the soil and grow" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The people of God speaking as one person now have salvation and righteousness as their distinct appearance visible to all. "Garments" and "robe" are clothing that everyone can see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a bridegroom adorns himself with a turban, and as a bride adorns herself with her jewels + +This comparison emphasizes that the speaker is extremely happy, joyful, celebrating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# turban + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 61:3](./03.md). + +# For as the earth produces its sprouting plants, and as the garden makes its planting grow + +This is saying the same thing in two ways. The fact that whatever God says he will do is certainly going to happen is compared to the fact that seeds sprout after planting. AT: "Just as seeds sown in a garden sprout from the soil and grow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# righteousness and praise to sprout up + +This expression describes these virtues as growing from seed like plants do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/intro.md b/isa/61/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9145b59f89 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/61/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 61 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +The first part of this chapter is probably a prophecy about the coming Messiah and not Isaiah because this was different than the message Isaiah delivered. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Restoration ##### +This chapter prophesies concerning a future time of peace and restoration. It is unlikely to have been fulfilled in Isaiah's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 61:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../60/intro.md) | [>>](../62/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/01.md b/isa/62/01.md index 02574e64ae..2d975d88e5 100644 --- a/isa/62/01.md +++ b/isa/62/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For Zion's sake I will not be silent, and for Jerusalem's sake I will not be quiet -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here "Zion" and "Jerusalem" both represent the people who live in Jerusalem. AT: "For the sake of the people of Jerusalem I will not be silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I will not be silent -* **I will not be silent** - It is most likely that "I" refers to Isaiah. -* **until her righteousness proceeds brightly, and her salvation as a burning torch** - This reassures the people that God will eventually come and save the people of Israel and that it will be as apparent as light is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +It is most likely that "I" refers to Isaiah. + +# until her righteousness proceeds brightly, and her salvation as a burning torch + +Both clauses reassure the people that God will eventually come and save the people of Israel and that it will be as apparent as light is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/03.md b/isa/62/03.md index 5bb852dcf9..b0628dab28 100644 --- a/isa/62/03.md +++ b/isa/62/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You will also be a crown of beauty in the hand of Yahweh, and a turban of kingship in the hand of your God -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. They say that Jerusalem will become a royal city under the power and authority of God. Yahweh's hand is a metonym for his power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# It will no more ... will it be said, "Desolate." -* **You will also be a crown of beauty in the hand of Yahweh, and a turban of kingship in the hand of your God** - These mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. They are indications that Jerusalem will become a royal city under the authority (hand) of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **It will no more be said of you** - AT: "People will no longer call you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and your land will be married** - This means Yahweh will love the people of Israel and will always be with them as a husband is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These mean the same thing are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# It will no more be said of you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will no longer say about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nor of your land any longer will it be said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor will people any longer say about your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your land will be married + +This means Yahweh will love the people of Israel and will always be with them as is a husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/05.md b/isa/62/05.md index 04ca3b1c53..a81c99b353 100644 --- a/isa/62/05.md +++ b/isa/62/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# as a young man marries a young woman, so your sons will marry you -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Here "sons" refers to the people of Israel and "you" refers to Judah, the land of Israel. This means the people will take possession of the land as a man takes possession of his young wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# as a bridegroom rejoices over his bride, your God will rejoice over you -* **As a young man marries a young woman, so your sons will marry you** - Here "sons" refers to the people of Israel and "you" refers to Judah, the land of Israel. This means the people will take possession of the land as a man takes possession of his young wife. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **As a bridegroom rejoices over his bride, your God will rejoice over you** - This emphasizes God's happiness about his relationship with his people. +This emphasizes God's happiness about his relationship with his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/06.md b/isa/62/06.md index 30c26140a7..b03c4cb202 100644 --- a/isa/62/06.md +++ b/isa/62/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I have put -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +Here "I" may refer to Isaiah or to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# watchmen on your walls -* **I have put** - Here "I" may refer to Isaiah or to Yahweh. -* **watchmen on your walls** - This refers to prophets, officials, or possibly angels, who are constantly praying for the people of Jerusalem like watchmen who constantly guard the city. See what you used for "watchmen" in 52:8 and 56:10. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they are not silent day or night** - This means they are continually pleading to God or calling to each other. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **Do not allow him to rest** - Here "him" refers to Yahweh. +This refers to prophets, officials, or possibly angels, who are constantly praying for the people of Jerusalem like watchmen who constantly guard the city. See how you translated "watchmen" in [Isaiah 52:8](../52/07.md) and [Isaiah 56:10](../56/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are not silent day or night + +This means they are continually pleading to Yahweh or calling to each other. AT: "they are earnestly praying to Yahweh throughout the entire day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Do not allow him to rest + +Here "him" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/08.md b/isa/62/08.md index daeceeb939..1fafc92a80 100644 --- a/isa/62/08.md +++ b/isa/62/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# by his right hand and by the arm of his strength -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The right hand and arm represent power and authority. AT: "by his power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Surely I will no longer give your grain as food for your enemies -* **by his right hand and by the arm of his strength** - This shows God will surely fulfill what he says. AT: "by his power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Surely I will no longer give your grain as food for your enemies** - This means God will not let the enemy conquer the people of Israel and take their grain. Perhaps the enemy took the grain in the past as a tax or to feed their own armies. +This means Yahweh will not let enemies conquer the people of Israel and take their grain anymore. Perhaps enemies took the grain in the past as a tax or to feed their own armies. + +# I will no longer give your grain as food for your enemies ... Foreigners will not drink your new wine + +These statements are set together for emphasis and completion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# those who harvest the grain ... those who pick the grapes + +These statements are set together for emphasis and completion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/10.md b/isa/62/10.md index c1bc7da08e..fdc185450b 100644 --- a/isa/62/10.md +++ b/isa/62/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Come through, come through the gates -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +The phrase "come through" is repeated to show urgency. -## translationNotes +# Build it, build the highway -* **Come through, come through the gates!** - The phrase "come through" is repeated to show urgency that the people of Jerusalem must go outside the gates of the city to welcome foreigners or exiles coming back to the land of Israel. This is the most likely of several interpretations. -* **Build it, build the highway** - The word "build" is repeated to emphasize that God wants the road prepared well and level, perhaps quickly, so the people can come to him easily. See [[:en:bible:notes:isa:57:14]]. -* **Raise up a signal flag for the nations** - This means God is calling the people of the other nations to come to the land of Israel, to bring the exiles back, and to see what God has accomplished as he said he would. +The word "build" is repeated to emphasize that Yahweh urgently wants the road prepared. The "highway" represents the way the people can return. This is similar to [Isaiah 40:3](../40/03.md) and [Isaiah 57:14](../57/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gather out the stones + +"Take the stones out of the road to make it smooth." Stones represent all the obstacles to quick travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Raise up a signal flag for the nations + +A signal flag represents something to draw the attention of others. This means Yahweh is calling the people of the other nations to take notice of the land of Israel and to see what Yahweh has accomplished as he said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/11.md b/isa/62/11.md index 78439460ab..a31458f79b 100644 --- a/isa/62/11.md +++ b/isa/62/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"Take notice!" -## translationNotes +# the ends of the earth -* **the daughter of Zion** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:01:07]]. -* **See, his reward is with him, and his recompense is going before him** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:40:09]]. +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 40:28](../40/27.md). AT "the farthest places of the earth" or "the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the daughter of Zion + +"Daughter" represents the people of Jerusalem (Zion). See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:8](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# See, his reward is with him, and his recompense is going before him + +These clauses represent the same idea for emphasis. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 40:10](../40/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you will be called + +This can be stated actively, "they will call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/intro.md b/isa/62/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd87af4f20 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/62/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 62 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Restoration ##### +This chapter prophesies concerning a future time of peace and restoration. It is unlikely to have been fulfilled in Isaiah's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 62:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../61/intro.md) | [>>](../63/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/01.md b/isa/63/01.md index c521a87207..b0f073603b 100644 --- a/isa/63/01.md +++ b/isa/63/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Who is this who comes from Edom ... Bozrah -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] +Isaiah speaks as a watchman using the question and answer format to present this information about Yahweh's judgment on Edom, an enemy of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I, Yahweh, am coming from Edom, clothed in red from Bozrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Bozrah -* **Who is this who comes from Edom** - This Isaiah speaking as a watchman. The question and answer format is a way of presenting this information, but it is not to be understood literally. Isaiah did not actually see Yahweh approaching. -* **Bozrah** - This is the capital city of Edom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **It is I** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. +This is the capital city of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It is I + +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. + +# Why are your clothes red, and why ... winepress? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The red on your clothing looks makes you look like you have been treading on grapes in a winepress." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# winepress + +A winepress is a low place carved out of rock in the ground where workers step on the grapes to crush them with their feet, in order to remove the grape juice. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/03.md b/isa/63/03.md index 6d848111a4..077fa5832c 100644 --- a/isa/63/03.md +++ b/isa/63/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I have trodden grapes -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. This imagery refers to Yahweh destroying his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the day of vengeance -* **I have trod grapes** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. This imagery refers to Yahweh destroying his enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For I looked forward to the day of vengeance** - Here "day" refers to a period of time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **vengeance** - Yahweh will punish in an appropriate way to bring about justice. His kind of vengeance differs from man's. +"the time of vengeance" or "the time for vengeance" + +# vengeance + +Yahweh will punish in an appropriate way to bring about justice. His kind of vengeance differs from man's vengeance. + +# the year for my redemption + +Here "year" refers to a specific time appointed by Yahweh for restoring Israel. AT: "the time for my redemption" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/05.md b/isa/63/05.md index f2d2731677..1a70c261bf 100644 --- a/isa/63/05.md +++ b/isa/63/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# but my own arm -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **but my own arm** - Here "arm" represents power. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and made them drunk in my wrath** - This means Yahweh made them experience his full wrath and punishment. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "arm" represents power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# made them drunk in my wrath + +This means Yahweh made them stunned and senseless by his full wrath and punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I poured out their blood + +Here "blood" represents the life of Yahweh's enemies that was gushing out so they would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/07.md b/isa/63/07.md index 48d081479f..e968b34f57 100644 --- a/isa/63/07.md +++ b/isa/63/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will tell of the acts of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). AT: "I will tell about how God has acted faithfully to his covenant" or "I will tell about all the faithful things God has done for his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# I will tell -* **I will tell** - Here "I" refers to Isaiah. -* **done for us** - Here "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +Here "I" refers to Isaiah. + +# done for us + +Here "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/09.md b/isa/63/09.md index 70cdc03dbe..362f10fb42 100644 --- a/isa/63/09.md +++ b/isa/63/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Through all their suffering -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] +"Through all our suffering." Here "their" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. -## translationNotes +# he suffered too -* **Through all their suffering** - Here "their" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. AT: "Through all our suffering" -* **he suffered too** - Here "he" refers to Yahweh. -* **the angel from his presence** - This is an angel who is sent from God's presence. -* **he lifted them up and carried them** - This refers to when God protected and saved the people of Israel from the Egyptians many years earlier. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here "he" refers to Yahweh. + +# the angel from his presence + +This is a representative who is sent from God's presence. + +# he lifted them up and carried them + +This refers to when God protected and saved the people of Israel from the Egyptians many years earlier. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/10.md b/isa/63/10.md index 02ac79caaf..79a83a86fe 100644 --- a/isa/63/10.md +++ b/isa/63/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# But they rebelled -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +"but we rebelled." Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. -## translationNotes +# his Holy Spirit -* **But they rebelled** - Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. AT: "But we rebelled" -* **his Holy Spirit** - "Yahweh's Holy Spirit" +"Yahweh's Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/11.md b/isa/63/11.md index 4907ab3614..908dddfd8f 100644 --- a/isa/63/11.md +++ b/isa/63/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They said -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +"we said." Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. -## translationNotes +# who brought them up out of the sea -* **They said** - Here “they” refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. AT: "We said" -* **the shepherds of his flock** - AT: "the leaders of his people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The story of Yahweh miraculously splitting the waters of the Sea of Reeds so that the Israelites could cross and escape the Egyptians is assumed knowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the shepherds of his flock + +Leaders are sometimes referred to as "shepherds." AT: "the leaders of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/12.md b/isa/63/12.md index 9c11561550..e93da68114 100644 --- a/isa/63/12.md +++ b/isa/63/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The people of Israel continue speaking. -## translationNotes +# who made his glorious power go with the right hand of Moses -* The people of Israel continue speaking. -* **who made his glorious power go with the right hand of Moses** - Here "arm" represents the power of Yahweh. This means it was God's power that enabled Moses to split the Reed Sea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Like a horse running on flat land, they did not stumble** - This means that the people of Israel were sure-footed as horses in open country on their travels toward Israel from Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here "right hand" represents the power of Yahweh through Moses. This means it was God's power that enabled Moses to divide the water of the Reed Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Like a horse running on flat land, they did not stumble + +This means that the people of Israel were sure-footed as horses in open country on their travels toward Israel from Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/14.md b/isa/63/14.md index 2c72d231c4..a2d63780dd 100644 --- a/isa/63/14.md +++ b/isa/63/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +The people of Israel continue speaking. -## translationNotes +# As the cattle that go down into the valley ... rest -* The people of Israel continue speaking. -* **As the cattle that go down into the valley** - This may refer to cattle going into a valley where there is green grass and water. This emphasizes that God led the people of Israel and took care of them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **to make yourself a name of praise** - Here "name of praise" refers to honor and one's reputation. AT: "so you would have an honored name" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This image pictures cattle going into a valley where there is green grass and water and emphasizes that God led the people of Israel and took care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# to make yourself a name of praise + +Here "name of praise" refers to honor and one's reputation. AT: "to make sure you have an honored reputation for yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/15.md b/isa/63/15.md index a48b6c59d4..2dade45ebd 100644 --- a/isa/63/15.md +++ b/isa/63/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +The people of Israel continue speaking. -## translationNotes +# Where are your zeal and your mighty acts? -* The people of Israel continue speaking. -* **Where are your zeal and your mighty acts?** - They use a question to express deep emotion and concern because it seems God is not helping them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Your pity and your compassionate actions are kept from us** - AT: "You keep your pity and compassion from us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The writer uses a question to express deep emotion and concern because it seems God is not helping them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We do not see your zeal and your mighty acts!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Your pity and your compassionate actions are kept from us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You keep your pity and compassion from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# though Abraham does not know us, and Israel does not recognize us + +These ancestors of the nation of Israel would not able to identify their descendants because they changed so much. "Abraham" and "Israel" represent the people from the distant past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Israel + +This refers to the name also called "Jacob." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/17.md b/isa/63/17.md index 52a8af35ea..f8c64adb02 100644 --- a/isa/63/17.md +++ b/isa/63/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The people of Israel continue speaking. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh, why do you make us wander from your ways and harden our hearts, so we do not obey you? -* The people of Israel continue speaking. -* **Yahweh, why do you make us wander from your ways and harden our hearts, so we do not obey you?** - They use a question to express their complaint to God. AT: "Yahweh, you have made us wander from your ways and become stubborn so that we do not obey you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **why do you make us wander from your ways** - This people lament, wondering if God has misled them so they wander off the correct path. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the writer uses a question to express a complaint of the people to God. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh, you have made us wander from your ways and become stubborn so that we do not obey you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# why do you make us wander from your ways + +To not do what Yahweh commands is spoken of as if a person wanders off of the correct path. AT: "why do you make do what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# harden our hearts + +This means to become resistant to Yahweh's teaching by refusing to listen and obey. Here "heart" represents their motives, feelings and desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/18.md b/isa/63/18.md index 3c5644863e..daaee1bbc7 100644 --- a/isa/63/18.md +++ b/isa/63/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +The people of Israel continue speaking. -## translationNotes +# who were never called by your name -* The people of Israel continue speaking. -* **who were never called by your name** - AT: "who never belonged to your family" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. The word "name" refers to a family relationship. AT: "who never belonged to your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# We have become ... called by your name + +Some modern versions interpret this passage differently: "We are like the people over whom you have not ruled, like those who have not been called by your name." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/intro.md b/isa/63/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4d4a101e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/63/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 63 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Imagery ##### +The imagery of judgment in this chapter is intended to be rather vivid. The translator should avoid euphemisms, if possible. Overall, this chapter prophesies a day of great judgment and God's wrath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wrath]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 63:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../62/intro.md) | [>>](../64/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/01.md b/isa/64/01.md index ccbb39847b..655b967c18 100644 --- a/isa/64/01.md +++ b/isa/64/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. (See: [Isaiah 63:11](../63/11.md)) -## translationNotes +# Oh, if you had -* The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:bible:notes:isa:63:11]]) -* **as when fire kindles the brushwood, or the fire makes water boil** - This //possibly// emphasizes how easily God's presence would have caused the mountains and the people to tremble. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Isaiah introduces this desire for Yahweh's presence in their past history with a strong exclamation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if you had split open the heavens + +If Yahweh had shown himself very dramatically by tearing open the sky. The words "split open" refer to ripping a piece of cloth apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mountains would have shaken + +The mountains would have trembled as in an earthquake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# as when fire kindles the brushwood, or the fire makes water boil + +This possibly emphasizes how easily God's presence would have caused the mountains and the people to tremble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/03.md b/isa/64/03.md index e7772c870e..c19ea95326 100644 --- a/isa/64/03.md +++ b/isa/64/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] +The people of Israel continues speaking to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# nor eye seen -* The people of Israel continues speaking to Yahweh. -* **nor eye seen** - AT: "nor has anyone seen" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the "eye" refers to the whole person. AT: "nor has anyone seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/05.md b/isa/64/05.md index c0cfe131af..ca896eded6 100644 --- a/isa/64/05.md +++ b/isa/64/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# call to mind -* The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means "remember." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/06.md b/isa/64/06.md index a755a69364..d8e5fd23f7 100644 --- a/isa/64/06.md +++ b/isa/64/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# all our righteous deeds are like a menstrual rag -* The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -* **and all our righteous deeds are like a menstrual rag** - A "menstrual rag" is a cloth that a woman uses during the time of month when she bleeds from her womb. This means all their attempts to please God fail. This sentence was meant to be shocking. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **We have all withered like leaves; and our iniquities, like the wind, carry us away** - This means their sins, as a community, are the reason for their failure. -* **you have hidden your face from us** - This means God gave up on his people and let them suffer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +A "menstrual rag" is a cloth that a woman uses during the time of month when she bleeds from her womb. This means all their attempts to please God fail. This sentence was meant to be shocking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# We have all withered like leaves + +Isaiah compares the people of Israel to leaves that dry up when dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# our iniquities, like the wind, carry us away + +This means their sins, as a community, are the reason for their failure. Isaiah compares the iniquities to the wind as the force for their suffering Yahweh's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you have hidden your face from us + +This means God gave up on his people and let them suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/08.md b/isa/64/08.md index c0bfaf9167..d52c55a509 100644 --- a/isa/64/08.md +++ b/isa/64/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# we are the clay. You are our potter; and we all are the work of your hand -* The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -* **we are the clay. You are our potter; and we all are the work of your hand** - This means God created the people of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This means God created the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# call to mind + +This refers to remembering the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# look at us all + +Isaiah asks Yahweh to pay attention to their situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/10.md b/isa/64/10.md index 1466031002..1e42672bd5 100644 --- a/isa/64/10.md +++ b/isa/64/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Your holy cities have become a wilderness -* The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -* **Your holy cities have become a wilderness** - This emphasizes that the cities are destroyed and no one lives there. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **has been destroyed by fire** - AT: "the enemy destroyed it with fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **How can you still hold back, Yahweh? How can you remain silent and continue to humiliate us?** - They use questions to express their frustration because God has not yet come to help them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This emphasizes that the cities have been destroyed and no one lives there. + +# Our holy and beautiful temple, where our fathers praised you, has been destroyed by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy has destroyed our holy and beautiful temple, where our fathers praised you, by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# How can you still hold back, Yahweh? How can you remain silent and continue to humiliate us? + +They use questions to express their frustration because God has not yet come to help them. AT: "Please do not hold back, Yahweh! Please do not remain silent and continue to humiliate us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/intro.md b/isa/64/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..96d852b5f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/64/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 64 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +This chapter records the repentance of the righteous remnant of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 64:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../63/intro.md) | [>>](../65/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/01.md b/isa/65/01.md index 9a935b23d0..365ad6663c 100644 --- a/isa/65/01.md +++ b/isa/65/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I was ready -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# I have spread out my hands all day to a stubborn people -* **I was ready** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **I have spread out my hands all day to a stubborn people** - AT: "I have continually plead to a stubborn people to receive my help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Spreading out my hands" is a person's gesture to show imploring or a strong request. AT: "I have continually begged a stubborn people to receive my help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/03.md b/isa/65/03.md index 99dd1d0937..7dfab0f87f 100644 --- a/isa/65/03.md +++ b/isa/65/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# in gardens ... on brick tiles -* Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Israel. -* **in gardens…on brick tiles** - These refer to Canaanite places for worshiping idols. Their sacred altars were made of bricks, which Yahweh forbid for his altars. His were made of stone. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **eat pork** - Yahweh did not allow the people of Israel to eat meat from pigs. +These refer to Canaanite places for worshiping idols. Their sacred altars were made of bricks, which Yahweh forbid for his altars. Yahweh's altars were made of stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sit among the graves and keep watch all night + +This is a reference to consulting the dead, a practice that Yahweh prohibited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# eat pork + +Yahweh did not allow the people of Israel to eat meat from pigs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/05.md b/isa/65/05.md index 953d44ed2e..646e509d76 100644 --- a/isa/65/05.md +++ b/isa/65/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] +Yahweh continues speaking to and about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# These things are smoke in my nose -* Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Israel. -* **These things are smoke in my nose, a fire that burns all day long** - This means these people continually irritate Yahweh and make him angry. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh compares these people who are continually annoying him to smoke that irritates a person's breathing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a fire that burns all day long + +Yahweh compares the people of Israel to a slow-burning fire that sends out smoke without stopping as it irritates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/06.md b/isa/65/06.md index b49ad01ecf..2659d02ac5 100644 --- a/isa/65/06.md +++ b/isa/65/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Look, it is written -* Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Israel. -* **into their laps ** - This means God will punish them to the fullest extent. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Take notice and pay attention" + +# into their laps + +This means God will punish them to the fullest extent. This expression compares Yahweh punishing the people to dumping on their legs as they are sitting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/08.md b/isa/65/08.md index ecf602875a..abc07292d9 100644 --- a/isa/65/08.md +++ b/isa/65/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# As when juice is found in a cluster of grapes -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:grape|grape]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Yahweh compares the people of Israel to a cluster of grapes that still has some good juice in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# when juice is found in a cluster -* **As when juice...I will not ruin them all** - In 65:8 Yahweh is emphasizing that he will not destroy all of the people of Israel. He will spare the righteous people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be stated in an active way. AT: "when you find juice in a cluster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will not ruin them all + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "I will spare some of them who are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/09.md b/isa/65/09.md index bc240219c9..9f05f6813f 100644 --- a/isa/65/09.md +++ b/isa/65/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sharon]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# my mountains -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **my mountains** - This refers to Jerusalem and all of Judea. -* **Sharon** - This was a fertile grazing area. -* **valley of Achor** - This is the name of a valley that possibly ran from Jerusalem to south of Jericho. This was also a fertile grazing area. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to the highest locations of Jerusalem and all of Judea. + +# Sharon + +This was a fertile grazing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Valley of Achor + +This is the name of a valley that possibly ran from Jerusalem to south of Jericho. This was also a fertile grazing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/11.md b/isa/65/11.md index f104bc1f5a..8ba76863ee 100644 --- a/isa/65/11.md +++ b/isa/65/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# holy mountain -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **holy mountain** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:11:08]]. -* **who prepare a table…and fill wine glasses of mingled wine** - People would bring food and drink and place it in front of the idol as part of their worship. -* ** mingled wine ** - wine mixed with spices -* **Fortune…Destiny** - These are names of false gods. They are also called "Gad" and "Meni." +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). + +# who prepare a table ... and fill wine glasses of mingled wine + +People would bring food and drink and place it in front of the idol as part of their worship. + +# mingled wine + +wine mixed with spices + +# Fortune ... Destiny + +These are names of false gods. They are also called "Gad" and "Meni." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/12.md b/isa/65/12.md index 6b76f20d09..ff4688d265 100644 --- a/isa/65/12.md +++ b/isa/65/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. -## translationNotes +# destine you for the sword -* Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. +"The sword" represents various weapons of war that Yahweh will use to punish those who do not respond to Yahweh's call. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# when I called, you did not answer; when I spoke, you did not listen + +Both clauses mean the same and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/13.md b/isa/65/13.md index 9dfe288952..80719a2540 100644 --- a/isa/65/13.md +++ b/isa/65/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. -## translationNotes +# Look, my servants -* Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. +"Take notice and pay attention" Yahweh repeats this for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# but you will cry because of the pain of the heart, and will wail because of the crushing of the spirit + +These clauses mean the same and the repetition is for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# crushing of the spirit + +This expression compares the feeling of terrible disappointment and sorrow to something becoming deformed due to high pressure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/15.md b/isa/65/15.md index 96a26ef3e8..52fb88d679 100644 --- a/isa/65/15.md +++ b/isa/65/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. -## translationNotes +# will be blessed by me, the God of truth -* Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. -* **will be blessed by me, the God of truth** - AT: "I, the God who always speaks the truth, will bless him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **because the former troubles will be forgotten, for they will be hidden from my eyes** - AT: "because their troubles will be gone, and I will not even think about them again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I, the God who always speaks the truth, will bless him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the former troubles will be forgotten ... will be hidden + +These clauses can be stated in active form. AT: "they will forget the former troubles, for these troubles will be out of my memory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will be hidden from my eyes + +"hidden from my eyes" represents the attention and memory of Yahweh. AT: "I will not even think about them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/17.md b/isa/65/17.md index b06661f534..ec2c2a94ef 100644 --- a/isa/65/17.md +++ b/isa/65/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# For see -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **the former things will not be remembered or be brought to mind** - Both of these phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "you will not even think about what happened in the past." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **But you will be glad** - Here "you" refers to all of God's servants. +"Notice! Pay attention!" + +# new heavens and a new earth + +Both are extremes that also represent everything between. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the former things will not be remembered or be brought to mind + +Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not even think about what happened in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But you will be glad + +Here "you" refers to all of God's servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# weeping and cries of distress will no longer be heard in her + +You can state this in active form. AT: "no one will hear weeping and cries of distress any longer in her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/20.md b/isa/65/20.md index 84ba1d72eb..385a6362be 100644 --- a/isa/65/20.md +++ b/isa/65/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people. -## translationNotes +# one hundred years -* Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people. -* **one hundred years** - "100 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **will be considered a young person** - AT: "people will consider him a young person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"100 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# will be considered a young person + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will consider him a young person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be considered cursed + +This can be stated this in active form. AT: "people will consider this person as cursed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/22.md b/isa/65/22.md index fc5cc32912..d0a346b41d 100644 --- a/isa/65/22.md +++ b/isa/65/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people. -## translationNotes +# for as the days of trees will be the days of my people -* Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people. -* **they are the children of those blessed by Yahweh** - AT: "they are the children of those whom Yahweh blessed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"for my people will live as long as trees live" + +# they are the children of those blessed by Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they are the children of those whom Yahweh blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/24.md b/isa/65/24.md index afbbba2c81..2819caaa67 100644 --- a/isa/65/24.md +++ b/isa/65/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:wolf]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people. -## translationNotes +# holy mountain -* Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people. -* **holy mountain** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:11:08]]. +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/intro.md b/isa/65/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21cd125a71 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/65/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 65 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which are extended quotations. + +This chapter is Yahweh's response to the repentance of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judgment and hope ##### +This chapter records that Yahweh's judgment on the people must come. Despite this, there is hope that in the end, Yahweh will make all things new and restore them to himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 65:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../64/intro.md) | [>>](../66/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/01.md b/isa/66/01.md index 57977fa402..f23dac4c43 100644 --- a/isa/66/01.md +++ b/isa/66/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh compares heaven to a throne and the earth to a footstool to emphasize how great he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Where then is the house you will build for me? Where is the place where I may rest? -* **Where then is the house you will build for me? Where is the place where I may rest?** - Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that humans cannot build a place for him to dwell. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that humans cannot build a place for him to dwell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/02.md b/isa/66/02.md index aa49d581f4..1f3e76647c 100644 --- a/isa/66/02.md +++ b/isa/66/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# My hand has made all these things -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. -* **the broken and contrite in spirit** - Here "broken" and "contrite" refers to a person who is truly humble and who suffers for his faith. +Yahweh is represented by his hand which emphasizes his power and authority. AT: "I have made all these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the broken and contrite in spirit + +Here "broken" and "contrite" refers to a person who is truly humble and who suffers for his faith. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/03.md b/isa/66/03.md index 0492d3fa13..31a832a5b9 100644 --- a/isa/66/03.md +++ b/isa/66/03.md @@ -1,32 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:abomination|abomination]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering|grain offering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:memorialoffering]] -* [[en:tw:memorialoffering|memorial, memorial offering]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:pig]] -* [[en:tw:pig|pig, hog]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# He who slaughters ... also blesses wickedness -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **They have chosen their own ways** - AT: "They have chosen to do evil things" -* **they take pleasure** - AT: "they take pleasure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These four clauses all describe different ways evil people act and come to the same meaning for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They have chosen their own ways + +"They have chosen to do evil things that violate the ways of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/04.md b/isa/66/04.md index 0f045a0686..d61f5fe71d 100644 --- a/isa/66/04.md +++ b/isa/66/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Yahweh continues speaking about the wicked people. -## translationNotes +# what was evil in my sight -* Yahweh continues speaking about the wicked people. -* **They did what was evil in my eyes** - AT: "They did what I consider to be evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "what I consider to be evil" or "what is evil in my judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/05.md b/isa/66/05.md index d9954eec4e..d92f49f4d7 100644 --- a/isa/66/05.md +++ b/isa/66/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# May Yahweh be glorified -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Glorify Yahweh" or "May Yahweh glorify himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# but they will be put to shame -* **May Yahweh be glorified** - AT: "Glorify Yahweh" or "May Yahweh glorify himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but they will be put to shame** - AT: "but I will put them to shame" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but I will put them to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/06.md b/isa/66/06.md index 3ae67bfe61..4f1f9acf8c 100644 --- a/isa/66/06.md +++ b/isa/66/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh describes the punishment for the hypocrisy of the worshipers. -## translationNotes +# A sound of battle tumult -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **A sound of battle tumult comes from the city, a sound from the temple** - AT: "a loud uproar like the noise of a battle comes from the city and from the temple" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the sound of Yahweh paying back his enemies** - This refers to the sound of Yahweh punishing those who contaminated their worship with Canaanite practices. +The sound represents the real fighting that is going on in the temple as Yahweh is carrying out the punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/07.md b/isa/66/07.md index 6cd6165a3c..bba661c97b 100644 --- a/isa/66/07.md +++ b/isa/66/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Before she goes into labor, she gives birth; before pain is upon her, she gave birth to a son -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **Before she goes into labor, she gives birth; before pain is upon her, she gave birth to a son** - Yahweh speaks about Zion as if it were a woman who is about to give birth. Although Zion was destroyed and the people no longer lived there, Yahweh promises that without delay and with little effort an entire nation will come from her. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Who has heard of such a thing? Who has seen such things? Will a land be born in one day? Can a nation be established in one moment?** - Yahweh uses questions to emphasize how unique this event will be. The series of questions build tension until Zion is finally mentioned. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* 21 and [[:en:bible:notes:isa:54:01]]. +Yahweh speaks about Zion as if it were a woman who is about to give birth. Although Zion was destroyed and the people no longer lived there, Yahweh promises that without delay and with little effort an entire nation will come from her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who has heard of such a thing? Who has seen such things? Will a land be born in one day? Can a nation be established in one moment? + +Yahweh uses questions to emphasize how unique this event will be. The series of questions builds tension until Zion is finally mentioned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/09.md b/isa/66/09.md index dfe4da542a..2370050900 100644 --- a/isa/66/09.md +++ b/isa/66/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother. (See: [Isaiah 66:7-8](./07.md)) -## translationNotes +# Do I bring a baby to the birth opening ... born? -* 8]]) -* ** Do I bring a mother to the time of birth and not cause her child to be born...Do I beget and then hold back?** - Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he will not fail to fulfill his promises to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he will not fail to fulfill his promises to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/10.md b/isa/66/10.md index 6763f0afe3..5a243e8056 100644 --- a/isa/66/10.md +++ b/isa/66/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother and the inhabitants of Jerusalem as if they were newly born children. (See: [Isaiah 66:7-8](./07.md)) -## translationNotes +# For you will nurse and be satisfied; with her breasts you will be comforted -* 8]]) -* **For you will nurse and be satisfied; with her breasts you will be comforted** - This means Jerusalem will be a place of safety and comfort for God's people. AT: "For she will satisfy you with her milk; she will comfort you with her breasts." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This means Jerusalem will be a place of safety and comfort for God's people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For she will satisfy you with her milk; she will comfort you with her breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/12.md b/isa/66/12.md index 4062415039..bf9390efad 100644 --- a/isa/66/12.md +++ b/isa/66/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother. (See: [Isaiah 66:7-8](./07.md)) -## translationNotes +# like a river ... like an overflowing stream -* 8]]) -* **like a river…like an overflowing stream** - This means God will cause the people of the nations to bring a very large amount of riches, which will be permanent like a river and abundant. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **You will nurse at her side, be carried in her arms, and be dandled on her knees** - This means Jerusalem will be a place of safety and comfort for God's people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **be carried in her arms, and be dandled on her knees** - AT: "she will carry you in her arms and bounce you on her knees with delight" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **so I will comfort you, and you will be comforted in Jerusalem** - AT: "so I will comfort you in Jerusalem" +This means God will cause the people of the nations to bring a very large amount of riches, which will be permanent like a river and abundant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# You will nurse at her side, be carried in her arms, and be dandled on her knees + +This means Jerusalem will be a place of safety and comfort for God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be carried in her arms, and be dandled on her knees + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she will carry you in her arms and bounce you on her knees with delight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so I will comfort you, and you will be comforted in Jerusalem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so I will comfort you in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/14.md b/isa/66/14.md index ca54b0822a..5ab23a00ff 100644 --- a/isa/66/14.md +++ b/isa/66/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah is speaking to God's faithful people. -## translationNotes +# your bones will sprout -* Isaiah is speaking to God's faithful people. -* **Yahweh's hand will be revealed to his servants** - AT: "Yahweh will reveal his power to his servants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Bones" refers to the whole body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will sprout like the tender grass + +"Tender grass" grows fast and strong and compares to the health and vigor of God's faithful people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The hand of Yahweh will be made known to his servants + +Here "hand" refers to his power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will reveal his power to his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/15.md b/isa/66/15.md index 746ca28ee1..cf0072d185 100644 --- a/isa/66/15.md +++ b/isa/66/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking to God's faithful people. -## translationNotes +# coming with fire -* Isaiah continues speaking to God's faithful people. -* **coming with fire** - God's appearances in the Old Testament are often accompanied by fire. -* **like the windstorm** - Clouds are often called the chariots of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **with his sword** - This refers to God's power to judge and to kill his enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Those killed by Yahweh will be many** - AT: "Yahweh will kill many people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh's appearances in the Old Testament are often accompanied by fire that represents Yahweh's anger and judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like the windstorm + +Storms represent Yahweh's powerful actions to make his judgment effective. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# with his sword + +"Sword" is one weapon that represents all of warfare and killing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Those killed by Yahweh will be many + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will kill many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/17.md b/isa/66/17.md index ce7566306a..ff9d39e461 100644 --- a/isa/66/17.md +++ b/isa/66/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:pig]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Isaiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# They consecrate themselves -* Isaiah continues speaking. -* **enter the gardens** - This is a place where people would go to worship idols. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. +"They" are those who worship Yahweh but go against his laws. + +# enter the gardens + +This is a place where people would go to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the one in the middle + +This describes the leader of those of go to worship idols. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/18.md b/isa/66/18.md index ede32b0bac..648f476e87 100644 --- a/isa/66/18.md +++ b/isa/66/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For I know -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# their deeds ... their thoughts -* **For I know** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **their deeds…their thoughts** - Here "their" refers to the nations. -* **Put…Lud…Tubal…Javan** - These are names of areas that are far from the land of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "their" refers to the worshipers that are hypocrites whom Yahweh has described before. + +# Put ... Lud ... Tubal ... Javan + +These are names of areas that are far from the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/20.md b/isa/66/20.md index ac518fb90c..39a4665eb4 100644 --- a/isa/66/20.md +++ b/isa/66/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They will bring -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "they" refers to the foreigners who survived and witnessed to the nations. They will return to Jerusalem with exiled Israelites. -## translationNotes +# holy mountain -* **They will bring** - Here "they" refers to the foreigners who survived and witnessed to the nations. They will return to Jerusalem with exiled Israelites. -* **holy mountain** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:isa:11:08]]. +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/22.md b/isa/66/22.md index c51c83fcd3..245d87e2b5 100644 --- a/isa/66/22.md +++ b/isa/66/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the new heavens and the new earth -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 65:17](../65/17.md). -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **the new heavens and the new earth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:65:17]]. -* **declaration of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:isa:14:21]]. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/24.md b/isa/66/24.md index 6abd79b40b..39d62431c0 100644 --- a/isa/66/24.md +++ b/isa/66/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +Yahweh finishes speaking. -## translationNotes +# They will go out -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **They will go out** - Here "they" refers to all the people, the faithful Israelites and foreigners, who come to worship Yahweh. -* **will not be quenched** - AT: "will burn forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here "they" refers to all the people, the faithful Israelites and foreigners, who come to worship Yahweh. + +# the worms ... and the fire + +Both clauses describe the same idea to emphasize Yahweh's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the worms that eat them + +The worms represent the horror of decay and rot that are Yahweh's punishment on the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fire that consumes + +Fire also represents Yahweh's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not be quenched + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "will burn forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# all flesh + +This expression represents all created living beings that shrink from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/intro.md b/isa/66/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..38c9226ebe --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/66/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 66 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 66:1-17, 21-24, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### In the end ##### +In the end, Yahweh will enact his perfect justice. This is the true hope of this world. The new heaven and the new earth are an important part of this. In the end, this will be the perfect creation of Yahweh and will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 66:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../65/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/front/intro.md b/isa/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abf4d37cf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Introduction to Isaiah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Isaiah #### + +1. Rebuke of Judah and promised restoration (1–5) +1. Destruction promised for many empires (6–23) +1. Universal judgment and promise of redemption (24–27) +1. Accusation of the chosen people of Yahweh (28–31) +1. Promised restoration of the line of kings descended from David (32–33) +1. Judgment on Edom and the the nations, and the promise of restoration of the ransomed (34–35) +1. Hezekiah and Sennacherib (36–39) +1. Comfort promised, comfort, deliverance, and judgment (40–45) +1. Prophecies against Babylon (46–48) +1. Redemption of Yahweh's servant (49–55) +1. Ethics of Yahweh's kingdom (56–59) +1. Restored Jerusalem (60–66) + + +#### What is the Book of Isaiah about? #### + +Isaiah, who lived in Jerusalem, warned his people about the coming destruction of their nation Israel. The book records many of Isaiah's prophecies. In a difficult time, Isaiah gave the nation hope in the redemption that the future Messiah would bring. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"The Book of Isaiah" may also be called the "The book about Isaiah" or "The Sayings of Isaiah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### When did the prophet Isaiah live? #### + +The prophet Isaiah wrote down the prophecies in this book about 740–700 BC, when the Assyrian Empire was increasing in power. Isaiah transmitted prophecies from God to the people of Judah during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, and Manasseh. The period of Isaiah's work is also represented in 2 Kings 19–20. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What did Isaiah prophesy about the future Messiah of Israel? #### + +While most of Israel expected the Messiah to be a conquering king, Isaiah explained that the Messiah would also be a servant of God who would suffer for people's sins. He said that the Messiah would offer both spiritual and physical deliverance, but not necessarily at the same time. + +#### What did Isaiah mean by "the last days"? #### + +The Book of Isaiah was one of the first books to present the concept of the last days, the end times. Isaiah explained that in the last days there would be a future kingdom of Israel, centered at Jerusalem, where the world would come to learn about Yahweh and worship him. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who were also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. + +#### What are some characteristics of prophetic literature in the Book of Isaiah? #### + +Most of God's words that Isaiah transmits are put into poetic form. It seems many prophets in Israel used poetry when they spoke important messages that were meant to be remembered. + +Sometimes his messages are hard to understand because he assumed his original hearers would know what he was talking about—better than we can today. However, the basic topics about which Isaiah spoke to his audience are still clear to us today: the people's sins that led them into desperate situations, God's judgment on them, and also his mercy. + +Isaiah also speaks about the so-called Servant of Yahweh, in four different poems that are today called the "Four Servant Songs." The later Christians understood these very clearly as prophecies about Jesus Christ, the future Messiah. These "songs" are in Isaiah 42:1-9; 49:1-7; 50:4-9; and 52:13-53:12. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/01.md b/jas/01/01.md index 0f2c1d8b23..a3a4bd04b1 100644 --- a/jas/01/01.md +++ b/jas/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +The apostle James writes this letter to all the Christians. Many of them were Jews, and they lived in many different places. -## translationNotes +# James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ -* **James, …** - James is the half-brother of Jesus. AT: “I, James,…”. -* **a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ** - The phrase “I am” is implied. AT: “I am a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **to the twelve tribes of the Dispersion** - James was writing to all the Jewish believers who fled to Roman cities outside of Judea, away from the persecution that arose after the stoning of Stephen. -* **the twelve tribes** - Seek to be consistent in writing numbers. It can be displayed as "the 12 tribes" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **greetings** - A basic greeting such as "Hello" or "Good Day". -* **Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you experience various troubles** - "My fellow believers, think of all your different kinds of troubles as something to celebrate" -* **knowing that the testing of your faith works endurance** - "because you know that God uses these troubles to make your faith stronger" +The phrase "this letter is from" is implied. AT: "This letter is from James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to the twelve tribes + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a synecdoche for Jewish Christians, or 2) this is a metaphor for all Christians. AT: "to God's faithful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the dispersion + +The term "dispersion" normally referred to the Jews who were scattered in other countries, away from their homeland Israel. This abstract noun can be expressed with a phrase with the verb "scattered." AT: "who are scattered around the world" or "who live in other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Greetings! + +a basic greeting, such as "Hello!" or "Good day!" + +# Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you experience various troubles + +"My fellow believers, think of all your different kinds of troubles as something to celebrate" + +# the testing of your faith produces endurance + +The expressions "the testing," "your faith," and "endurance" are nouns that stand for actions. God does the testing, that is, he finds out how much the believers trust and obey him. Believers ("you") believe in him and endure suffering. AT: "when you suffer hardships, God is finding out how much you trust him. As a result, you will become able to endure even more hardships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/04.md b/jas/01/04.md index 7f2ebd2b40..9958cc7bc3 100644 --- a/jas/01/04.md +++ b/jas/01/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Let endurance complete its work -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here endurance is spoken of as if it were a person at work. AT: "Learn to endure any hardship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# fully developed -* **Let endurance complete its work ** - To continue to stand firm under difficult circumstances. AT: "stay strong during your troubles." -* **that you may be** - "so that God may make your faith" -* **that you ** - The word "you" refers to the Jewish Believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **completely mature** - "completely perfect" -* **lacking in nothing** - This is a negative phrase that can be stated in the positive as, "Having much" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **ask for it from the One who gives it, God ** - "ask God for it. He is the one who gives wisdom." -* **generously and without rebuke** - "without rebuke" is a negative phrase that can be stated in the positive as, "generously and happily." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **God will grant it** - "God will do it" or "God will answer your prayer" +able to trust in Christ and obey him in all circumstances + +# not lacking anything + +This can be stated in the positive. AT: "having all that you need" or "being all that you need to be" + +# ask for it from God, the one who gives + +"ask God for it. He is the one who gives" + +# gives generously and without rebuke to all + +"gives generously and does not rebuke any" + +# he will give it + +"God will do it" or "God will answer your prayer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/06.md b/jas/01/06.md index f7de0092a4..95d29ed1cc 100644 --- a/jas/01/06.md +++ b/jas/01/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in faith, doubting nothing -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This can be stated in the positive. AT: "with complete certainty that God will answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# For anyone who doubts is like a wave in the sea that is driven by the wind and tossed around -* **in faith, without doubting** - "without doubting" is a negative phrase that can be stated in the positive as "with complete certainty that God will answer." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **for the one who doubts is like a wave in the sea, driven by the wind and tossed around** - This compares a person who doubts with the way water moves and keeps changing direction. AT: “is always moving back and forth between belief and unbelief” or “is always changing what he believes.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **his request** - "what he asked" -* **of the Lord** - "from the Lord" -* **is a doubleminded person** - The word "doubleminded" refers to a person's thoughts when he is unable to make a decision. AT: "cannot decide if he will follow Jesus or not follow Jesus." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **unstable in all his ways** - "He is not certain about anything." +Anyone who doubts that God will help him is said to be like the water in the ocean or in a large lake, which keeps moving in different directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# is double-minded + +The word "double-minded" refers to a person's thoughts when he is unable to make a decision. AT: "cannot decide if he will follow Jesus or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unstable in all his ways + +Here this person is spoken of as if he cannot stay on one path but instead goes from one to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/09.md b/jas/01/09.md index 9690ed322a..126dc17ea6 100644 --- a/jas/01/09.md +++ b/jas/01/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the poor brother -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] +"the believer who does not have much money" -## translationNotes +# boast of his high position -* **The poor brother ** - "The believer who does not have much money" -* **should glory in his high standing** - "should be happy that God has given him honor." -* **while the rich brother** - "And, the brother who has a lot of money" -* **in his humility** - The ellipsis phrase "should glory" is left out. AT: "should be happy that God has taught him humility." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **he will pass away like a wild flower in the field passes** - This simile shows that even rich people will die, just like every living thing dies. It emphasizes why a rich person should be humble. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **with scorching heat** - "and its heat" or "the scorching hot wind" (UDB) -* **the rich people will fade away in the middle of their activities** - "the rich person will die while he is working hard to gain more money" +Someone whom God has honored is spoken of as if he were standing in a high place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but the rich man of his low position + +The words "let boast" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "but let the rich man boast of his low position" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# but the rich man + +"but the man who has a lot of money." Possible meanings are 1) the rich man is a believer or 2) the rich man is an unbeliever. + +# of his low position + +A rich believer should be happy if God causes him to suffer. AT: "should be happy that God has given him difficulties" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# he will pass away as a wild flower in the grass + +Rich people are spoken of as being similar to wild flowers, which are alive for only a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# its beauty perishes + +A flower no longer being beautiful is spoken of as if its beauty dies. AT: "and it is no longer beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rich man will fade away in the middle of his journey + +Here the flower simile is probably continued. As flowers do not die suddenly but instead fade away over a short time, so also the rich people may not die suddenly but instead take a little time to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# in the middle of his journey + +A rich man's activities in daily life are spoken of as if they are a journey that he is making. This metaphor implies that he is giving no thought to his coming death, and that it will takes him by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/12.md b/jas/01/12.md index 31dbb7b6b4..39c410eee8 100644 --- a/jas/01/12.md +++ b/jas/01/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +James reminds the believers who have fled that God does not cause temptation; he tells them how to avoid temptation. -## translationNotes +# Blessed -* **Blessed is the man** - "happy is the person" -* **endures testing** - "stays strong when troubles come" -* **passed the test** - "remains strong through those troubles" -* **he will receive** - "God will give him" -* **receive the crown of life** - "crown of life" is a figurative expression for God giving the person eternal life as his reward. AT: "receive his reward of eternal live". -* **has been promised to those who love God** - "God has promised the crown of life to those who love him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when he is tempted** - "when he has the desire to do something evil" -* **This temptation is from God** - "God is trying to make me do something evil" -* **God is not tempted by evil** - "God does not desire to do evil" -* **God ... does not tempt anyone** - "God does not try to make a person do something evil" +"Fortunate" or "Well-off" + +# endures testing + +remains faithful to God during hardships + +# passed the test + +he has been approved by God + +# receive the crown of life + +Eternal life is spoken of as if it were a wreath of leaves placed on the head of a victorious athlete. AT: "receive eternal life as his reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has been promised to those who love God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has promised to those who love him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when he is tempted + +"when he desires to do something evil" + +# I am tempted by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is trying to make me do something evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God is not tempted by evil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one can make God desire to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nor does he himself tempt anyone + +"and God himself does not try to persuade anyone do evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/14.md b/jas/01/14.md index 41db75298b..269181a63a 100644 --- a/jas/01/14.md +++ b/jas/01/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# each person is tempted by his own desire -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] +A person's desire is spoken of as if it were someone else who was tempting him to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# which drags him away and entices him -* **Each person is tempted by his own evil desires** - The desires to do evil are inside each person. -* **which entice and drag him** - "which evil desires trap and lead him." -* **after sinful desires conceive, sin is born, and after sin is full grown it results in death. ** - "evil desires," "sin," and "death" are given human attributes. Here, "evil desires" are being described as a female lover who leads a man away to have sex. "Sin" is their baby. "Death" is when the baby becomes a full grown man. This also compares how evil desires give pleasure at first but that pleasure turns into sin in the person and eventually leads to both physical and spiritual death. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Do not be deceived** - "Do not let anyone deceive you" or "stop deceiving yourselves" (UDB) +Evil desire continues to be spoken of as if it were a person who could drag away someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# entices + +attracts, persuades someone to do evil + +# Then after the desire conceives, it gives birth to sin, and after the sin is full grown, it gives birth to death + +Desire continues to be spoken of as a person, this time clearly as a woman who becomes pregnant with a child. The child is identified as sin. Sin is another female baby that grows up, becomes pregnant, and gives birth to death. This chain of metaphors is a picture of someone who ends up dying both spiritually and physically because of his evil desires and his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not be deceived + +"Do not let anyone deceive you" or "Stop deceiving yourselves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/17.md b/jas/01/17.md index f20689948d..5c15dbee18 100644 --- a/jas/01/17.md +++ b/jas/01/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Every good gift and every perfect gift -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:wordoftruth]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize that anything good that a person has comes from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# the Father of lights -* **Every good gift and every perfect gift** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize that anything good that a person has comes from God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **from above ** - "from heaven" -* **the Father of lights** - God is the creator of all the lights in the sky (sun, moon, and stars). -* **He does not change like shifting shadows** - This is a simile that compares the unchanging God being a constant light to the changing and moving lights in the sky (sun, moon, and stars). AT: "God does not change like shadows that appear and disappear." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **to give us** - The word "us" refers to James and his audience (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]). -* **give us life** - "give us spiritual life" (UDB) -* **the word of truth** - "the Gospel" or "the teachings of Jesus" -* **like firstfruits** - James is emphasizing that just like the first fruit of a crop, his audience was among the first believers of what would be many believers in the future. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **among his creatures** - "among his people" +God, the creator of all the lights in the sky (sun, moon, and stars), is said to be their "Father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# With him there is no changing or shadow because of turning + +This expression pictures God as an unchanging light, like the sun, moon, planets, and stars in the sky. This is in contrast to shadows here on earth that constantly change. AT: "God does not change. He is as as constant as the sun, moon, and stars in the sky, rather than like shadows which appear and disappear on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# to give us + +The word "us" refers to James and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# give us birth + +God, who brought us eternal life, is spoken of as if he had given us birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word of truth + +The true message of God. This is spoken of as if it were the means by which God "gave us birth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a kind of firstfruits + +James is using the traditional Hebrew idea of firstfruits as a way to describe the value of the Christian believers to God. He implies that there will be many more believers in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/19.md b/jas/01/19.md index c9cac21894..3e1f83647a 100644 --- a/jas/01/19.md +++ b/jas/01/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# You know this -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Possible meanings are 1) "Know this" as a command, to pay attention to what I am about to write or 2) "You know this" as a statement, that I am about to remind you of something that you already know. -## translationNotes +# Let every man be quick to hear, slow to speak -* **You know this** - Possible meaning are 1) "know this" as a command to pay attention to what I am about to write or 2) "You know this" as a statement that I am about to remind you of something that you already know. -* **Every man must be swift to hear, slow to speak** - People should first listen intently, and then consider carefully what they say. -* **slow to anger ** - "do not get angry easily" -* **the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God** - When a person gets angry he does not behave the way God desires. -* **put away all sinful filth and the evil** - Here the words "sinful filth" and "evil" share similar meanings. James uses them to emphasize how bad sin is. AT: "stop doing every kind of sinful behavior" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **in humility** - "without pride" or "without arrogance" -* **receive the implanted word** - The word "implant" means to place one thing inside of another. This is a metaphor describing God's word as something planted inside of a person. AT: "obey the message God has spoken to you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **save your souls** - Here, the word "souls" is a synecdoche and refers to the entire person. Also, what a person is saved from can be made explicit. AT: "save you from God's judgment." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +These sayings are idioms that mean people should first listen intently, and then consider carefully what they say. Here "slow to speak" does not mean speaking slowly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# slow to anger + +"not get angry quickly" + +# the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God + +When a person is always angry, he cannot do God's work, which is righteous. + +# take off all sinful filth and abundant amounts of evil + +Sin and evil are spoken of here as if they were clothing that could be taken off. AT: "stop doing all filthy sins and stop doing abundant amounts of evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# take off all sinful filth and abundant amounts of evil + +Here the expressions "sinful filth" and "evil" share similar meanings. James uses them to emphasize how bad sin is. AT: "stop doing every kind of sinful behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# sinful filth + +Here "filth," that is, dirt, stands for sin and evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In humility + +"Without pride" or "Without arrogance" + +# receive the implanted word + +The expression "implant" means to place one thing inside of another. Here God's word is spoken of as if it were a plant made to grow inside believers. AT: "obey the message God has spoken to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# receive the implanted word + +Here "word," that is, God's word, stands for the message of salvation in Christ Jesus that God speaks to believers. When they believe it, God saves them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# save your souls + +What a person is saved from can be made explicit. AT: "save you from God's judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to persons.AT: "yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/22.md b/jas/01/22.md index bf39e8ae83..10c25e0afc 100644 --- a/jas/01/22.md +++ b/jas/01/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Be doers of the word -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"Be people who obey what God commands" -## translationNotes +# deceiving yourselves -* **Obey the word** - Obey the word of God" or "Obey God's message to you." -* **deceiving your own selves** - "deceiving yourselves" or "fooling yourselves" -* **For if anyone hears the word and does not do it, he is like a man examining his natural face in a mirror. ** - James makes a comparison between a person who hears God word and does not obey it to a person who looks in the mirror then forgets what he looks like. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **examining his natural face...and soon forgets** - the man looking at his face and soon forgetting what he saw is the like the man who hears the Word of God and forgets what he heard. -* **the perfect law, the law of liberty** - "the perfect law that gives freedom" -* **not just being a hearer who forgets** - "not just listening and then forgetting it" -* **this man will be blessed as he does it** - AT: "God will bless this man as he obeys the law." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"fooling yourselves" + +# For if anyone is a hearer of the word + +"For if anyone listens to the word" + +# but not a doer + +The word "is" and "of the word" are understood from the previous phrase. The noun "doer" can also be expressed with the verbs "do" or "obey." AT: "but is not a doer of the word" or "but does not obey the word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# he is like a man who examines his natural face in a mirror + +A person who hears God's word is like someone who looks in the mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# his natural face + +The word "natural" clarifies that James is using the ordinary meaning of the word "face." AT: "his face" + +# then goes away and immediately forgets what he was like + +It is implied that though he may see that he needs to do something, such as wash his face or fix his hair, he walks away and forgets to do it. This what a person who does not obey God's word is like. AT: "then goes away and immediately forgets to do what he saw he needed to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the person who looks carefully into the perfect law + +This expression continues the image of the law as a mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the perfect law of freedom + +"the perfect law that allows people to be free" + +# this man will be blessed in his actions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bless this man as he obeys the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/26.md b/jas/01/26.md index 2776c82043..10208902ab 100644 --- a/jas/01/26.md +++ b/jas/01/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# thinks himself to be religious -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"thinks he worships God correctly" -## translationNotes +# his tongue -* **thinks himself to be religious ** - "thinks he worships God correctly" -* **control his tongue** - "tongue" is a metonym. AT: "what he says." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he deceives** - "fools" or "tricks" or "misleads" -* **his heart** - Here "heart" is a synecdoche meaning the whole person. AT: "himself." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **his religion is vain** - "his worship is worthless" -* **Pure and undefiled religion before our God and Father is this** - AT: "This is the kind of religion that God will accept" -* **Pure and undefiled** - James expresses the same idea both positively and negatively to emphasize what true religion is like. AT: "Completely pure." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the fatherless ** - "those who do not have a father" or "the orphans" -* **widows in their affliction ** - the women who are suffering because their husbands have died -* **to protect oneself the world's corruption ** - To not allow the evil in the world to cause you to sin. +Controlling one's tongue stands for controlling one's speech. AT: "what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# deceives + +"fools" or "misleads" + +# his heart + +Here "heart" refers to his belief or thoughts. AT: "himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his religion is worthless + +"he worships God uselessly" + +# pure and unspoiled + +James speaks of religion, the way one worships God, as if it could be physically pure and unspoiled. These are traditional ways for Jews to say that something is acceptable to God. AT: "Completely acceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before our God and Father + +directed to God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fatherless + +"the orphans" + +# in their affliction + +The fatherless and widows are suffering because their fathers or husbands have died. + +# to keep oneself unstained by the world + +Sin in the world is spoken of as something dirty that can stain a person. AT: "to not allow the evil in the world to cause oneself to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/intro.md b/jas/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..050205e167 --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# James 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== Temptation and testing== +These two words have a lot of overlap in their meaning. The translator should be aware that there are some significant differences between the meaning of "temptation" here ([James 1:13](./12.md)) and God "testing" man ([Hebrews 11:17](../../heb/11/17.md)). + +##### Crowns ##### +Crowns are a significant image used in Scripture. There are several Greek words translated as "crowns" in English. The crown referenced here is a type of reward. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +##### Light ##### +Light is an important image used in Scripture. It is always used in a positive manner. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +James uses many metaphors in this chapter. They help to give his instructions a gentle, pastoral tone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "God is not tempted" ##### +This phrase can be difficult to understand in light of the fact that Jesus, true man and true God, was tempted in the wilderness. While Satan tried to tempt Jesus, he was not successful in persuading Jesus to sin. + +##### "To the twelve tribes in dispersion" ##### +It appears the author wrote this letter to Christians, but he also uses this phrase, which is more typically understood in reference to Jews. There is uncertainty as to its meaning. Since the author gives many practical instructions for holy living, it is likely that he is referring to Jews who are also Christians. When this letter was written the church was exclusively made up of Jews. + +## Links: ## + +* __[James 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[James intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/01.md b/jas/02/01.md index 0c578faa5f..022450e6db 100644 --- a/jas/02/01.md +++ b/jas/02/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +James continues to tell the scattered Jewish believers how to live by loving one another and reminds them not to favor rich people over poor brothers. -## translationNotes +# My brothers -* **my brothers ** - James considers his audience to be jewish believers. AT: "my fellow believers" or "my brothers and sisters in Christ". -* **you trust our Lord** - the word "our" includes James and his fellow believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **by favoring certain people ** - "giving special treatment" or "being nicer to" or "giving more honor to" -* **If someone…** - James starts a hypothetical situation that continues to the end of verse 4. He describes a situation where the believers might give more honor to a rich person than a poor person. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **wearing gold rings and fine clothes ** - "dressed like a wealthy person" -* **sit here in a nice place ** - "sit in this place of honor" -* **stand over there or sit at my feet** - "move to a dishonored place" -* **are you not making judgments among yourselves, and becoming judges with evil thoughts ** - James is using a rhetorical question to teach and possibly scold his readers. AT: "You are making judgments among yourselves and becoming judges with evil thoughts." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +James considers his audience to be Jewish believers. AT: "My fellow believers" or "My brothers and sisters in Christ" + +# hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ + +Believing in Jesus Christ is spoken of as if it were an object that one could hold onto. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# our Lord Jesus Christ + +The word "our" includes James and his fellow believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# favoritism toward certain people + +the desire to help some people more than others + +# Suppose that someone + +James starts to describe a situation where the believers might give more honor to a rich person than to a poor person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# wearing gold rings and fine clothes + +"dressed like a wealthy person" + +# sit here in a good place + +sit in this place of honor + +# stand over there + +move to a place with less honor + +# Sit at my feet + +move to a humble place + +# are you not judging among yourselves? Have you not become judges with evil thoughts? + +James is using rhetorical questions to teach and possibly scold his readers. AT: "you are making judgments among yourselves and becoming judges with evil thoughts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/05.md b/jas/02/05.md index 9d26db4dfb..2b27012707 100644 --- a/jas/02/05.md +++ b/jas/02/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen, my beloved brothers -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +James was exhorting his readers as family. "Pay attention, my dear fellow believers" -## translationNotes +# did not God choose ... love him? -* **Listen my beloved brothers ** - James was exhorting his readers as family. "Pay attention, my dear fellow believers" -* **did not God choose…** - Here James uses a a rhetorical question to scold his readers. AT: "God has chosen…" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **be rich in faith ** - "have much faith." "rich" implies one has a lot of faith. The object of faith may have to be specified. AT: "have strong faith in Christ." -* **inherit the kingdom ** - "to enter the kingdom of Heaven which" -* **But you have** - James is speaking to his whole audience. ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **have dishonored the poor ** - "do not value the poor" or "have treated the poor badly" -* **Is it not the rich** - Here James uses a a rhetorical question to scold his readers. AT: "It is the rich." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the rich** - "the rich people" (UDB) -* **who oppress you ** - "who dominate you" or "who treat you badly" -* **are they not the ones ** - Here James uses a a rhetorical question to scold his readers. AT: "They are the ones." -* **drag you into court ** - "forcibly take you to court to accuse you in front of judges"(UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Do not the rich** - Here James uses a a rhetorical question to scold his readers. AT: "the rich" or "the rich people." -* **the good name ** - "Christ's name" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here James uses a rhetorical question to teach his readers not to show favoritism. It can be made a statement. AT: "God has chosen ... love him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the poor + +This refers to poor people in general. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# be rich in faith + +Having much faith is spoken of as being wealthy or rich. The object of faith may have to be specified. AT: "have strong faith in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heirs + +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But you have + +James is speaking to his whole audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# have dishonored the poor + +"you have shamed poor people" + +# Is it not the rich who oppress you? + +Here James uses a rhetorical question to correct his readers. AT: "It is rich people who oppress you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the rich + +This refers to rich people in general. AT: "rich people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# who oppress you + +"who treat you badly" + +# Are they not the ones ... to court? + +Here James uses a rhetorical question to correct his readers. It can be made a statement. AT: "The rich people are the ones ... to court." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# drag you to court + +"forcibly take you to court to accuse you in front of judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do they not insult ... have been called? + +Here James uses a rhetorical question to correct and teach his readers. It can be made a statement. AT: "The rich people insult ... have been called." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the good name by which you have been called + +This refers to Christ's name. AT: "the name of Christ who called you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/08.md b/jas/02/08.md index c155b48b25..910c84c528 100644 --- a/jas/02/08.md +++ b/jas/02/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# you fulfill -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The word "you" refers to the Jewish believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# fulfill the royal law -* **if you fulfill** - The word “you” refers to the Jewish Believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **fulfill the royal law ** - God originally gave laws to Moses, recorded in the books of the Old Testament. AT: "obey God's law" or "obey the law of our great king." -* **You shall love your neighbor as yourself** - (See: Leviticus [[en:bible:notes:lev:19:17]]) -* **your neighbor ** - "all people" or "everyone" -* **you do well** - "you are doing well" or "you are doing what is right" -* **if you favor** - "give special treatment to" or "give honor to" -* **committing sin** - That is, breaking the Law. AT: "sinning." -* **convicted by the law as lawbreakers** - Here the law has the attributes of a human judge. AT: "and guilty of breaking God's law". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"obey God's law." God originally gave laws to Moses, recorded in the books of the Old Testament. + +# You shall love your neighbor as yourself + +James is quoting from the book of Leviticus. + +# your neighbor + +"all people" or "everyone" + +# you do well + +"you are doing well" or "you are doing what is right" + +# if you favor + +"give special treatment to" or "give honor to" + +# committing sin + +"sinning." That is, breaking the law. + +# convicted by the law as lawbreakers + +Here the law is spoken of as if it were a human judge. AT: "guilty of breaking God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/10.md b/jas/02/10.md index e180a38a05..beb5112f3d 100644 --- a/jas/02/10.md +++ b/jas/02/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For whoever obeys -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +"For anyone who obeys" -## translationNotes +# except that he stumbles ... the whole law -* **for whoever obeys ** - "for anyone who obeys" -* **yet stumbles in … he has become** - As stumbling is falling down while one is trying to walk, so is disobeying one point of the law is being guilty of breaking the whole law. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Do not commit…** - to "commit" is to do the action. -* **…If you…But you…you have…** - Though James was writing to many Jewish believers, in this case he wrote as if he was writing to each person individually. AT: "each one of you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Stumbling is falling down while one is trying to walk. Disobeying one point of the law is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in just a single way + +because of disobedience to just one requirement of the law + +# For the one who said + +This refers to God, who gave the law to Moses. + +# Do not commit + +To "commit" is to do an action. + +# If you ... but if you ... you have + +Here "you" means "each one of you." Although James was writing to many Jewish believers, in this case, he used the singular form as if he was writing to each person individually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/12.md b/jas/02/12.md index bd3d43a918..5eab6f0ccf 100644 --- a/jas/02/12.md +++ b/jas/02/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So speak and act -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +"So you must speak and obey." James commanded the people to do this. -## translationNotes +# who will be judged by means of the law of freedom -* **So speak and obey...** - James commanded the people to do this. "So you must speak and obey...". -* **who are about to be judged by the law of liberty** - "who know that the law of liberty will soon judge them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **by the law** - Here, the law is given the attributes of a human judge. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the law of liberty ** - "the law that gives true freedom" -* **mercy triumphs over ** - "mercy is better than" or "mercy defeats" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who know that God will judge them by means of the law of freedom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by means of the law + +This passage implies that it is God who will judge according to his law. + +# the law of freedom + +"the law that gives true freedom" + +# Mercy triumphs over + +"Mercy is better than" or "Mercy defeats." Here mercy and justice are spoken of as if they were persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/14.md b/jas/02/14.md index 597d449723..89f89d5343 100644 --- a/jas/02/14.md +++ b/jas/02/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +James encourages the scattered believers to show their faith before others, just as Abraham showed others his faith by his works. -## translationNotes +# What good is it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith, but he has no works? -* **What good is it, my brothers, if someone say he has faith, but he has no works?** - James is using a rhetorical question to teach his audience. AT: "It is no good at all, fellow believers, if someone says he has faith, but he has no works." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **someone says he** - James is indirectly quoting someone who is speaking. "He" refers to the someone who is speaking. ([[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **Can that faith save him?** - This is a rhetorical question used to teach James' audience. AT: "That kind of faith will not save him." -* **save him ** - "spare him from God's judgment" -* **If a brother...what good is that?** - Verses 15-16 are a rhetorical question used to teach James' audience. AT: "It is not good at all if a brother..." -* **brother or sister** - "brother or sister in Christ" -* **one of you says ** - "you say" -* **is dead ** - "is worthless." +James is using a rhetorical question to teach his audience. AT: "It is no good at all, fellow believers, if someone says he has faith, but he has no works." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# if someone says he has faith, but he has no works + +The can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "faith" and "works." AT: "if someone says he believes in God but he does not do what God commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Can that faith save him? + +James is using a rhetorical question to teach his audience. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "faith." AT: "That faith cannot save him." or "If a person does not do what God commands, then just saying he believes in God will not save him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# save him + +"spare him from God's judgment" + +# stay warm + +This means either "have enough clothes to wear" or "have a place to sleep." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# be filled + +The thing that fills them is food. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "be filled with food" or "have enough to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for the body + +to eat, to wear, and to live comfortably (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what good is that? + +James uses a rhetorical question to teach his audience. AT: "that is not good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# brother or sister + +a fellow believer in Christ, whether male or female + +# faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead + +James speaks of faith as if it were alive if one does good works, and of faith as if it were dead if one does not do good deeds. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "faith" and "works." AT: "a person who says he believes God, but does not do what God commands, does not really believe God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/18.md b/jas/02/18.md index 93513646a4..9101b98768 100644 --- a/jas/02/18.md +++ b/jas/02/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yet someone may say -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +James describes a hypothetical situation where someone objects to his teaching. James seeks to correct his audience's understanding of faith and works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# "You have faith, and I have works." Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works -* **Yet someone will say** - James describes a hypothetical situation where someone objects to his teaching in 2:14-17. James names this person "foolish man" in verse 20. The purpose of this hypothetical discussion is to correct his audience's understanding of faith and works. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **"You have faith, and I have works.** - James is describing a likely objection someone may have to his teaching. AT: "it is acceptable if one person has faith and another person does good deeds." -* **Show me your faith** - the word "me" refers to James -* **the demons also...tremble ** - "shake with fear" -* **Do you even want to know, O foolish man, that faith without works is useless?** - This is a rhetorical question used to scold the person who will not listen to James. AT: "You fool! You do not even want to listen to me prove that faith without works is useless." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +James is describing how someone may argue against his teaching and how he would respond. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "faith" and "works." AT: "'It is acceptable that you believe God and that I do what God commands.' Prove to me that you can believe God and not do what he commands, and I will prove to you that I believe God by doing what he commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the demons believe that, and they tremble + +"the demons also believe, but they shake with fear." James contrasts the demons with those who claim to believe and not do good deeds. James states that the demons are wiser because they fear God while the others do not. + +# Do you want to know, foolish man, that faith without works is useless? + +James uses this question to introduce the next part of his teaching. AT: "Listen to me, foolish man, and I will show that faith without works is useless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that faith without works is useless + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "faith" and "works." AT: "that if you do not do what God commands, then it is useless for you to say that you believe in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/21.md b/jas/02/21.md index 98b3572b65..dc36950ead 100644 --- a/jas/02/21.md +++ b/jas/02/21.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:patriarchs]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Since these are Jewish believers, they know the story of Abraham, about whom God had told them long ago in his word. -## translationNotes +# Was not Abraham our father justified ... on the altar? -* **Was not Abraham our patriarch justified** - This rhetorical question is used to rebut the foolish man's arguments from James [[:en:bible:notes:jas:02:18]] who refuses to believe that faith and works go together. You could translate it as "Abraham our patriarch was certainly justified."(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **You see that faith** - The word "you" is singular referring to the hypothetical man. Yet James is addressing his whole audience through this one person. -* **you see that faith** - The word "see" is a metonym. It can be translated as "understand." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). -* **by works his faith achieved its purpose** - "his actions made his faith complete" -* **The scripture was fulfilled** - This is a passive which can be translated as "This fulfilled the scripture." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it was credited to him as righteousness ** - "God regarded his faith as righteousness." -* **You see that by works** - James again addresses his audience directly by using the plural form of "you". -* **by works a man is justified** - "actions and faith justify a person" +This rhetorical question is used to rebut the foolish man's arguments from [James 2:18](./18.md), who refuses to believe that faith and works go together. AT: "Abraham our father was certainly justified ... on the altar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# justified by works + +James speaks of works as if they were objects that one can own. AT: "justified by doing good deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# father + +Here "father" is used in the sense of "ancestor." + +# You see + +The word "you" is singular, referring to the hypothetical man. James is addressing his whole audience as if they were one person. + +# You see + +The word "see" is a metonym. AT: "You understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# faith worked with his works, and that by works his faith was fully developed + +James speaks as if "faith" and "works" are things that can work together and help each other. AT: "because Abraham believed God, he did what God commanded. And because Abraham did what God commanded, he believed God completely" + +# The scripture was fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This fulfilled the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it was counted to him as righteousness + +"God regarded his faith as righteousness." Abraham's faith and righteousness were treated as if they were able to be counted as having value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You see + +James again addresses his audience directly by using the plural form of "you." + +# it is by works that a man is justified, and not only by faith + +"actions and faith are what justify a person, and not only faith." James speaks of works as if they were objects to obtain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/25.md b/jas/02/25.md index 4caba54cf1..657f977876 100644 --- a/jas/02/25.md +++ b/jas/02/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# In the same way also ... justified by works -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:rahab]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +James says that what was true of Abraham was also true of Rahab. Both were justified by works. -## translationNotes +# was not Rahab the prostitute justified by works ... another road? -* **In like manner also** - "in like manner" is a way to introduce a similar concept. (See: [[en:ta:workbench:discourse:home]]) -* **was not Rahab the prostitute justified by works** - James is using this rhetorical question to instruct his audience. It is also a passive sentence. It can be translates as " it was what Rahab the prostitute did that justified her." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Rahab the prostitute** - "Rahab the prostitute" is an Old Testament story that James expected his audience would know. -* **welcomed the messengers** - people who bring news from another place. -* **sent them away by another road** - "then helped them escape the city." -* **For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, likewise faith apart from works is dead.** - James is stating that the one who is not exercising works with their faith is just like a body that no longer has it's human spirit. both are dead and useless. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +James is using this rhetorical question to instruct his audience. AT: "it was what Rahab the prostitute did that justified her ... another road." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Rahab the prostitute + +James expected his audience to know the Old Testament story about the woman Rahab. + +# justified by works + +James speaks of works as something to possess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# messengers + +people who bring news from another place + +# sent them away by another road + +"then helped them escape and leave the city" + +# For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead + +James is speaking of faith without works as if it were a dead body without the spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/intro.md b/jas/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98c6927368 --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# James 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Favoritism ##### +It is wrong to show favoritism in the church. There were people who showed special favor (favoritism) towards rich and powerful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) + +##### Justification ##### +Justification means "the process of declaring someone righteous." There are two types of justification. One is to be declared righteous in the opinion of God and one is to be declared righteous in the opinion of other people. A person is not justified according to God by their actions. Abraham was declared righteous according to God by his faith. He was declared righteous according to other people when his actions showed his faith, by being willing to offer up his son Isaac as a sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Quotation marks ##### +There is some controversy regarding where to place the quotation marks in James 2:18. The ULB states "Yet someone will say, 'You have faith, and I have works.' Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works." It is also possible to translate this as "Yet someone will say, 'You have faith, and I have works. Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works.'" The length of this hypothetical statement can have significant theological implications. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[James 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/01.md b/jas/03/01.md index e91627d245..32d378a331 100644 --- a/jas/03/01.md +++ b/jas/03/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Not many of you -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +James is making a generalized statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# my brothers -* **many of you** - The word "you" refers to James' audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]). -* **my brothers ** - "my fellow believers" -* **knowing that** - "because" -* **we will receive greater judgment** - The reason God will judge teachers can be translated with additional explicit information as "God will judge us more severely because we have no excuses when we sin since we know and understand his word better than other people." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **we will receive** - James is grouping those who teach the scriptures with him. Though some of the believers who would receive this letter would be teachers of the scripture, most would not. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **For we all stumble** - James is back to including all of his audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **stumble in various ways** - This is a metaphor which compares a person's moral failures to a person falling down as he walks down a road. This could be translated as "fail" or "sin." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **does not stumble in his words** - "does not sin in the words he speaks" -* **he is a perfect man** - "he is spiritually mature" -* **control his whole body** - James is referring to his heart, emotions, his actions. It can be translated as " control his behavior" or "control his action." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"my fellow believers" + +# we who teach will be judged more strictly + +This passage speaks of stricter judgment that will come from God on those who teach others about him. AT: "God will judge us who teach more severely because we know his word better than some people whom we have taught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we who teach + +James includes himself and other teachers, but not the readers, so the word "we" is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# we all stumble + +James speaks of himself, other teachers, and the readers, so the word "we" is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# stumble + +Sinning is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. AT: "fail" or "sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# does not stumble in words + +"does not sin by saying wrong things" + +# he is a perfect man + +"he is spiritually mature" + +# control even his whole body + +James is referring to one's heart, emotions, and actions. AT: "control his behavior" or "control his actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/03.md b/jas/03/03.md index 9081509e2d..fa32a24582 100644 --- a/jas/03/03.md +++ b/jas/03/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:obey]] +James is developing an argument that small things can control big things. -## translationNotes +# Now if we put bits into horses' mouths -* **Now if we put the horses' bits** - James compares a person's tongue to a bit. A bit is a small piece of metal that is placed in a horse's mouth to control where it goes. This describes how small things can have power over something bigger. James is showing that what people say affects their lives and the lives of everyone they know. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Now if** - "if" or "when" -* **if we put the horses' bits into their mouths** - A "horse" is a large animal used to carry things. This could be translated as "if we put bits into horses' mouths." -* **Notice also that ships…are steered by a very small rudder** - Next, James compares a person's tongue with a rudder on a ship. A "ship" is like a truck that floats on water. A "rudder" is a small piece of wood or metal at the back of the ship used to control where it goes. The word "rudder" could also be translated as "tool." James is making the same point as he was with the horse's bit. A small thing can have power over something much bigger. -* **they are so large** - The word "they" refers to the ships. -* **are driven by strong winds** - This can be translated with an active verb: "strong winds push them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **are steered by a very small rudder wherever the pilot desires to turn** - This can be translated with an active verb: "have a small tool that a person can use to control where the ship goes" +James speaks about horses' bits. A bit is a small piece of metal that is placed into a horse's mouth to control where it goes. + +# Now if + +"If" or "When" + +# horses + +A horse is a large animal used to carry things or people. + +# Notice also that ships ... are steered by a very small rudder + +A ship is like a truck that floats on water. A rudder is a flat piece of wood or metal at the back of the ship, used to control where it goes. The word "rudder" could also be translated as "tool." + +# are driven by strong winds, + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "strong winds push them, they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# are steered by a very small rudder to wherever the pilot desires + +"have a small tool that a person can use to control where the ship goes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/05.md b/jas/03/05.md index f72576a6e9..bfe875dd73 100644 --- a/jas/03/05.md +++ b/jas/03/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Likewise -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This word signals the analogy of the tongue to the horses' bits and the ships' rudders mentioned in the previous verses. AT: "In the same way" -## translationNotes +# boasts great things -* **Likewise** - "In the same way." This compares the tongue to the horses' bits and the ships' rudders in the previous verses. -* **boasts great things** - "a person can use it to speak very evil things" -* **Notice how great** - "Think about how great" -* **how great a forest is kindled by a spark!** - This can be translated as an active clause: "a small flame can start a fire that burns many trees!" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **tongue is also a fire** - Just as a fire consumes and destroys all it burns, the tongue, referring to what a person says (metonymy) can deeply hurt people (metaphor). Alternate translation: "the tongue is like a fire." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a world of sinfulness set among our body parts** - Alternate translation: "It is a small part of our body but it is capable of sinning in all kinds of ways." -* **which defiles the whole body** - This can be translated as a new sentence. "It can make us completely unpleasing to God" or "It can make us unacceptable to God." -* **and sets on fire the road of life** - The phrase "road of life" is a metaphor that refers to a person's entire life. This could be translated as "and it can ruin a person's entire life." -* **and itself is set on fire by hell** - The word "itself" refers to the tongue. Also, here "hell" is a metonym that refers to the powers of evil or to the Devil. This could be translated as an active clause: "because the Devil uses it for evil." +Here "things" is a general word for everything about which these people are proud. + +# Notice also + +"Think about" + +# how small a fire sets on fire a large forest + +In order to help people understand the harm that the tongue can cause, James speaks of the harm that a small flame can cause. AT: "how a small flame can start a fire that burns many trees" + +# The tongue is also a fire + +The tongue is a metonym for what people say. James calls it a fire because of the great damage it can do. AT: "The tongue is like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a world of sinfulness set among our body parts + +The enormous effects of sinful speaking are spoken of as if they were a world by themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It stains the whole body + +Sinful speaking is spoken of metaphorically as if it stained one's body. And becoming unacceptable to God is spoken of as if it were dirt on the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sets on fire the course of life + +The phrase "course of life" refers to a person's entire life. AT: "it ruins a person's entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# life. It is itself set on fire by hell + +The word "itself" refers to the tongue. Also, here "hell" refers to the powers of evil or to the devil. This can be stated in active form. AT: "life because the devil uses it for evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/07.md b/jas/03/07.md index 125184ec58..8118cf2310 100644 --- a/jas/03/07.md +++ b/jas/03/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For every kind of ... mankind -* [[en:tw:evil]] +The phrase "every kind" is a general statement referring to all or many kinds of wild animals. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People have learned to control many kinds of wild animals, birds, reptiles, and sea creatures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# reptile -* **Every kind of wild animal, bird, reptile, and sea creature is being tamed and has been tamed by mankind** - The phrase "every kind" is a hyperbole that means "many kinds." This can be translated as an active clause: "People have learned to control many kinds of wild animals, birds, reptiles, and sea creatures." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **reptile ** - This is an animal that crawls on the ground. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **sea creature** - This is an animal that lives in water. -* **no one among man is able to tame the tongue** - Here, the word "tongue" is a metonym that refers to what a person says. The full meaning can be stated explicitly: "no person without God's help can control the tongue." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **restless evil, full of deadly poison** - This is a metaphor which describes how a person can use their spoken words to hurt someone. It can be translated as "like an evil creature that never sleeps and it is ready to attack." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is an animal that crawls on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# sea creature + +an animal that lives in the sea + +# But no human being can tame the tongue + +James speaks of the tongue as if it were a wild animal. Here "tongue" represents a person's desire to speak evil thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It is a restless evil, full of deadly poison + +James speaks of the harm that people can cause by what they say as if the tongue were an evil and poisonous creature that can kill people. AT: "It is like a restless and evil creature, full of deadly poison" or "It is like a restless and evil creature that can kill people with its venom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/09.md b/jas/03/09.md index e636849205..4d861ae202 100644 --- a/jas/03/09.md +++ b/jas/03/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# With it we -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:imageofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +"We use the tongue to say words that" -## translationNotes +# we curse men -* **By the tongue we** - "We use our tongues to say words that" -* **by it we** - "we use it to say words that" -* **we curse men** - To ask God to harm others (UDB). -* **who have been made in God's image** - "whom God made in his image" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Out of the same mouth is spoken** - "The same mouth speaks both" -* **My brothers** - "fellow Christians" -* **these things should not be** - "this is wrong" +"we ask God to harm men" + +# who have been made in God's likeness + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God made in his likeness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Out of the same mouth come blessing and cursing + +The nouns "blessing" and "cursing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "With the same mouth, a person blesses people and curses people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# My brothers + +"Fellow Christians" + +# these things should not happen + +"these things are wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/11.md b/jas/03/11.md index a7b420a8c6..349e8eb1f4 100644 --- a/jas/03/11.md +++ b/jas/03/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] +After James stresses that the words of believers should not both bless and curse, he gives examples from nature to teach his readers that people who honor God by worshiping him should also live in right ways. -## translationNotes +# Does a spring pour out from its opening both sweet and bitter water? -* After James stressed that our speech should not both bless and curse, he give examples from nature that do not do both. -* **Does a spring pour out both fresh and bitter water?** - James is using a rhetorical question to teach the readers about the logical order of nature. Alternate translation: "A spring does not pour out both fresh and bitter water." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **brothers** - "fellow believers" -* **can a fig tree grow olives, or a grapevine grow figs?** - James uses another rhetorical question to teach the readers about the logical order of nature. Alternate translation: "a fig tree cannot grow olives, nor can a grapevine grow figs." +James uses a rhetorical question to remind believers about what happens in nature. This can be expressed as a sentence. AT: "You know that a spring does not pour out both sweet water and bitter water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does a fig tree, my brothers, make olives? + +James uses another rhetorical question to remind the believers about what happens in nature. AT: "Brothers, you know that a fig tree cannot grow olives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# brothers + +"fellow believers" + +# Or a grapevine, figs? + +The word "make" is understood from the previous phrase. James uses another rhetorical question to remind the believers about what happens in nature. AT: "Or does a grapevine make figs?" or "And a grapevine cannot grow figs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/13.md b/jas/03/13.md index f23a9fba2a..0d7c4a5281 100644 --- a/jas/03/13.md +++ b/jas/03/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Who is wise and understanding among you? -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +James uses this question to teach his audience about proper behavior. The words "wise" and "understanding" are similar. AT: "I will tell you how a wise and understanding person is to act." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# Let that person show a good life by his works in the humility of wisdom -* **Who among you is wise and understanding? Let that person** - James uses this question to teach his audience about proper behavior. The words "wise" and "understanding" mean basically the same thing. AT: "The person who thinks he is wise should" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **demonstrate a good life** - "show good behavior" or "show it" -* **by his works in the humility that comes from wisdom** - "with his good deeds and humility that comes from having true wisdom" -* **have bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your heart** - "heart" refers to emotions or thoughts. Alternative translation: "will not share with others and you always put yourself first." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **do not boast and lie against the truth** - "do not lie about it and act like your are wise." +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "humility" and "wisdom." AT: "That person should live a good life by doing the kind of deeds that come from being humble and wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if you have bitter jealousy and ambition in your heart + +The word "heart" refers to emotions or thoughts. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "jealousy" and "ambition." AT: "if you are jealous and selfish" or "if you desire what other people have and you want to succeed even if it harms others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# do not boast and lie against the truth + +The abstract noun "truth" can be stated as "true." AT: "do not boast that you are wise, because that is not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/15.md b/jas/03/15.md index 836f83aa4a..09af23f3e3 100644 --- a/jas/03/15.md +++ b/jas/03/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# This is not the wisdom that comes down from above -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here "This" refers to the "bitter jealousy and strife" described in the previous verses. The phrase "from above" is a metonym that represents "heaven" which represents God himself. AT: "This is not the kind of wisdom that God teaches us from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# This is not the wisdom that comes down from above. Instead, it is earthly, unspiritual, demonic -* **This is not** - This refers to the unwise envy and selfish ambition described in the previous verses. -* **comes down from above** - "comes down from God" or "comes down from Heaven" -* **is earthly ** - The word "earthly" refers to the values and behaviors of the people who do not honor God. Alternate translation: "not honoring to God." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **unspiritual ** - "not from the Holy Spirit" or "not spiritual" -* **demonic** - "but is from demons" -* **For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist** - "For wherever there are people who only care about themselves and not others" -* **there is confusion** - "There is disorder" or "there is chaos" -* **every vile practice** - "every kind of sinful behavior" or "every kind of wicked deed" -* **is first pure** - "is first holy" -* **then peace-loving** - loving** - "then peaceful" -* **warm-hearted** - hearted** - "kind" or "thoughtful" -* **and good fruit** - This is a comparison of good fruit is liken to one who does good works. Alternated translation: "good works." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **sincere** - "honest" or "truthful" -* **And the fruit of righteousness is planted in peace for those who make peace.** - This metaphor compares peace and righteousness in our lives to planting and harvesting crops. Alternate Translation: "Those who live in peace are doing what God says is right." +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as "wise." - AT: "Whoever acts like this is not wise according to what God in heaven teaches us. Instead this person is earthly, unspiritual, and demonic" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# earthly + +The word "earthly" refers to the values and behaviors of the people who do not honor God. AT: "not honoring to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# unspiritual + +"not from the Holy Spirit" or "not spiritual" + +# demonic + +"from demons" + +# For where there are jealousy and ambition, there is confusion and every evil practice + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "jealousy," "ambition," and "confusion." AT: "For when people are jealous and selfish, this causes them to act in disorderly and evil ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# there is confusion + +"there is disorder" or "there is chaos" + +# every evil practice + +"every kind of sinful behavior" or "every kind of wicked deed" + +# But the wisdom from above is first pure + +Here "from above" is metonym that represents "heaven" which represents God himself. The abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as "wise." AT: "But when a person is wise according to what God in heaven teaches, he acts in ways that are first pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# is first pure + +"is first holy" + +# good fruits + +Good works are spoken of as if they were fruit on trees. AT: "good works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sincere + +"honest" or "truthful" + +# The fruit of righteousness is sown in peace among those who make peace + +The good results of righteousness are spoken of as if they were crops that had been sown by farmers. AT: "Those who live in peace are doing what God says is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make peace + +"live in peace." The abstract noun "peace" can be stated as "peacefully." AT: "cause people to live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/intro.md b/jas/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40712391ab --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# James 03 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +The author uses many different metaphors to convict his readers and to encourage them to display godliness by the way they speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit information ##### +What a person says can reveal his spiritual state. This is because his speech can be heard by other people. If a person is unable to control his actions when he is seen by others, he will not be able to control his actions when no one is looking. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[James 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/01.md b/jas/04/01.md index 32c6f7cfe2..68d0b647aa 100644 --- a/jas/04/01.md +++ b/jas/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believer]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +James rebukes these believers for their worldliness and their lack of humility. He again urges them to watch how they speak to and about each other. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Where does the quarreling and disputing among yourselves come from?** - This is a rhetorical question that James uses to teach and rebuke his audience. AT: "I know why you are constantly arguing with each other." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **quarreling and disputing** - The words "quarreling" and "disputing" mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize that he is speaking of any kind of conflict between people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **yourselves…your…you** - In 4:1-3 these pronouns are plural and refers to James' audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Does it not arise out of your evil desires** - This is a rhetorical question which James uses to rebuke his audience. It can be translated as a statement: "It arises out of your evil desires" or "It is because of your evil desires." -* **evil desires that war** - Here James personifies "evil desires" as a soldier that fights against the believers. It can be translated as "the things you want are evil and you do not care about the needs of other believers." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **among your fellow believers?** - "in your members." Possible meanings are 1) There is fighting among the local believers or 2) The fighting is internal, between your desire to do evil and good. -* **You desire what you do not have** - "You always want what you do not have." -* **You kill and you chase** - "You kill" is a hyperbole to emphasize how badly they behave in order to get what they want. It can be translated as "You do all kinds of evil things to get what you cannot have." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **You fight and quarrel** - The word "fight" and "quarrel" mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize how much the people argue among themselves. AT: "You constantly fight." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **you ask for bad things** - "you asked badly (wrongly)." Possible meanings are 1) "you ask with wrong motives, your attitudes are bad" or 2) "you are asking for wrong or bad things." -* **spend them** - "waste them" +In this section, the words "yourselves," "your," and "you" are plural and refer to the believers to whom James writes. + +# Where do quarrels and disputes among you come from? + +The abstract nouns "quarrels" and "disputes" mean basically the same thing and can be translated with verbs. AT: "Why do you quarrel and dispute among yourselves?" or "Why do you fight among yourselves?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Do they not come from your desires that fight among your members? + +James uses this question to rebuke his audience. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "They come from your evil desires for things, desires that fight among your members." or "They come from your desires for evil things, desires that fight among your members." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do they not come from your desires that fight among your members? + +James speaks of desires as they were enemies who waged war against the believers. In reality, of course, it is the people who have these desires who fight among themselves. AT: "They come from your desires for evil things, by which you end up harming each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# among your members + +Possible meanings are 1) there is fighting among the local believers, or 2) the fighting, that is, the conflict, is inside each believer. + +# You kill and covet, and you are not able to obtain + +The phrase "You kill" expresses how badly the people behave in order to get what they want. It can be translated as "You do all kinds of evil things to get what you cannot have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# You fight and quarrel + +The words "fight" and "quarrel" mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize how much the people argue among themselves. AT: "You constantly fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you ask badly + +Possible meanings are 1) "you ask with wrong motives" or "you ask with bad attitudes" or 2) "you are asking for wrong things" or "you are asking for bad things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/04.md b/jas/04/04.md index af162c0995..c9a4fba7d2 100644 --- a/jas/04/04.md +++ b/jas/04/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# You adulteresses! -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +James speaks of believers as being like wives who sleep with men other than their husbands. AT: "You are not being faithful to God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Do you not know ... God? -* **You adulteresses!** - This is a metaphor that compares believers who do not obey God with a wife who has sex with a man that is not her husband. This could be translated as "You are not being loyal to God!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Don't you know** - This is a rhetorical question that James uses to teach his audience. Alternate translation: "You know." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **friendship with the world** - "friendship with the world" refers to identify with or participate in the world's value system and behavior. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). -* **is hostility against God** - To be part of the world's value system is to be against God. Alternated translation: "to act like those who dishonor God is to be someone who opposes God." -* **to be a friend of the world** - "to act like those who dishonor God" -* **Or do you think the scripture is useless** - This is a rhetorical question James uses to exhort his audience. It can be translated as a statement: "Scripture is true." -* **the spirit God placed in us is now filled with deep longing** - There are several issues that are not clear in this verse. Is "spirit" the Holy Spirit or a human spirit? Does God or the spirit have the "deep longing"? Is the "deep longing" good or evil? Does the rhetorical question expect a "yes" or "no" answer? This uncertainty results in at least five possible meanings: 1) "yes, God deeply longs for the human spirit he put in us" or 2) "yes, God deeply longs for the Holy Spirit he place in us" or 3) "yes, the human spirit that God placed in us has evil desires" or 4) "yes, the Holy Spirit that God placed in us deeply longs for us" or 5) "no, the Holy Spirit that God placed in us is not jealous." We suggest that you use the meaning that is presented in other translations used by your readers. +James uses this question to teach his audience. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know ... God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# friendship with the world + +This phrase refers to identifying with or participating in the world's value system and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). + +# friendship with the world + +Here the world's value system is spoken of as if it were a person that others could be friends with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# friendship with the world is hostility against God + +One who is friends with the world is an enemy of God. Here "friendship with the world" stands for being friends with the world, and "hostility against God" stands for being hostile against God. AT: "friends of the world are enemies of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Or do you think the scripture says in vain + +This is a rhetorical question James uses to exhort his audience. To speak in vain is to speak uselessly. AT: "There is a reason that scripture says" + +# The Spirit he caused to live in us + +Some versions, including the ULB and UDB, understand this as a reference to the Holy Spirit. Other versions translate this as "the spirit" and mean by it the human spirit that each person has been created to have. We suggest that you use the meaning that is presented in other translations used by your readers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/06.md b/jas/04/06.md index fe70a5acda..0669b6e78f 100644 --- a/jas/04/06.md +++ b/jas/04/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But God gives more grace -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +How this phrase relates to the previous verse can be made explicit: "But, even though our spirits may desire what we cannot have, God gives us even more grace, if we will humble ourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the proud -* **But God gives even more grace** - How this phrase relates to 4:5 can be made explicit: "But, even though our spirits may desire what we cannot have, God gives us even more grace, if we will humble ourselves." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **God resists** - "God opposes" -* **the proud** - "proud people" -* **the humble** - "humble people." -* **Therefore** - "Because of this" -* **subject yourself to God** - "submit yourself to God." This could also be translated as "obey God." -* **yourself…you** - Here these pronouns are plural and refer to James' audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **resist the devil** - "oppose the devil." This could also be translated as "do not do what the devil wants." -* **he will flee** - "the devil will run away" +This refers to proud people in general. AT: "proud people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the humble + +This refers to humble people in general. AT: "humble people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# So + +"Because of this," + +# submit to God + +"obey God" + +# Resist the devil + +"Oppose the devil" or "Do not do what the devil wants" + +# he will flee + +"he will run away" + +# you + +Here this pronoun is plural and refers to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/08.md b/jas/04/08.md index 85652943e8..494742a82e 100644 --- a/jas/04/08.md +++ b/jas/04/08.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The word "you" here is plural and refers to the scattered believers to whom James writes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Come close to God -* **near to You…** - The word "you" refers to James' audience. But more specifically those who were proud of spirit as a call to repentance. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you doubleminded** - The phrase "Cleanse you hands" is stated another way as "purify your hearts" and "you sinners" is restated as "you doubleminded." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Cleanse your hands** - Possible meanings are 1) for a person clean up their behavior or actions or 2) for a person to repent and confess their sinful behavior or actions. It could be translated as "behave in a way that honors God." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **purify your hearts** - Here, "hearts" is a metonym that refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. This could be translated as "let your thoughts honor God." -* **doubleminded** - The word "doubleminded" is a metonym that refers to a person's thoughts when he is unable to make a decision. Here it can be also translated as "doubleminded people" or "people who cannot decide if you want to obey God or not." -* **Grieve and mourn and cry** - The words "Grieve" and "mourn" mean basically the same thing. James uses them together to emphasize that the people should grieve deeply. The word "cry" shows that the people are grieving. AT: "Grieve deeply and cry" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Turn your laughter into sorrow and your joy to gloom** - This is saying the same thing in different ways for emphasis. This could be translated as "Immediately, stop all your laughing and start telling God you are sorry." -* **Humble yourselves before the Lord -** - ** "Be humble toward God" -* **he will lift you up** - This is an idiom that can be translated as "he will give you honor." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the idea of coming close stands for becoming honest and open with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded + +These are two phrases in parallel with each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Cleanse your hands + +This expression is a command for people to do righteous acts instead of unrighteous acts. AT: "Behave in a way that honors God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# purify your hearts + +Here "hearts" refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. AT: "honor God with your thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# double-minded + +The word "double-minded" refers to a person who cannot make a firm decision about something. AT: "double-minded people" or "people who cannot decide if you want to obey God or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Grieve, mourn, and cry + +These three words have similar meanings. James uses them together to emphasize that the people should be truly sorry for not obeying God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# Let your laughter turn into sadness and your joy into gloom + +This is saying the same thing in different ways for emphasis. The abstract nouns "laughter," "sadness," "joy," and "gloom" can be translated as verbs or adjectives. AT: "Stop laughing and be sad. Stop being joyful and be gloomy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Humble yourselves before the Lord + +"Be humble toward God." Actions done with God in mind are often spoken of as being done in his physical presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will lift you up + +James indicates that God will honor the humble person by saying God will pick that person up off the ground physically from where that person had prostrated himself in humility. AT: "he will honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/11.md b/jas/04/11.md index 84eea1841f..fbd8e05e0e 100644 --- a/jas/04/11.md +++ b/jas/04/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +The words "you" and "your" in this section refer to the believers to whom James writes. -## translationNotes +# speak against -* **speak against** - "speak badly about" or "oppose" -* **brothers** - "fellow believers" -* **you…your** - In 4:11-12 these pronouns are plural and refer to James' audience. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **but are a judge of it** - This could be translated as "but you are acting like the person who gives the law." -* **Only one is the lawgiver and judge, God, the one** - "God is the only one who gives laws and judges people, because he is the only one" -* **Who are you who judge your neighbor?** - This is a rhetorical question James uses to scold his audience. It could be translated as a statement: "You are just a human and cannot judge another human." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"speak badly about" or "oppose" + +# brothers + +James speaks of the believers as if they are biological brothers. The term here includes women as well as men. AT: "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# but a judge + +"but you are acting like the person who gives the law" + +# Only one is the lawgiver and judge + +This refers to God. "God is the only one who gives laws and judges people" + +# Who are you, you who judge your neighbor? + +This is a rhetorical question James uses to scold his audience. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You are just a human and cannot judge another human." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/13.md b/jas/04/13.md index dd8a29874a..3f9d480e0a 100644 --- a/jas/04/13.md +++ b/jas/04/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# spend a year there -* [[en:tw:life]] +James speaks of spending time as if it were money. "stay there for a year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Who knows what will happen tomorrow, and what is your life? -* **spend a year** - This is an idiom that can be translated as "stay there for a year." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Listen, you who say -** - ** "Someone might say" -* ** Who knows what will happen tomorrow** - This is a rhetorical question that James uses to scold his audience. It can be translated as a statement: "No one knows what will happen tomorrow." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **and what is your life anyway** - This is a rhetorical question that James uses to teach his audience about physical life. It can be translated as a statement and as a new sentence: "Think about your physical lives." -* **For you are like a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.** - This is a simile that compares how quickly physical lives are quickly end to a mist that appears then quickly goes away. This could be translated as "You live for only a short amount of time, and you do not know when you will die." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +James uses these questions to correct his audience and to teach these believers that physical life is not that important. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "No one knows what will happen tomorrow, and your life does not last very long!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For you are a mist that appears for a little while and then disappears + +James speaks of people as if they were a mist that appears and then quickly goes away. AT: "You live for only a short amount of time, and then you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/15.md b/jas/04/15.md index 152fd35c8d..c36c622e61 100644 --- a/jas/04/15.md +++ b/jas/04/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Instead, you should say -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"Instead, your attitude should be" -## translationNotes +# we will live and do this or that -* ** we will live** - the word "We" does not directly refer James or his Audience but as an example of how Jame's audience should behave. -* **we will do this or that** - This could be translated as "do what we have planned to do." -* **to him who knows** - James is not addressing anyone directly by the word "him", but to anyone who is to do good but does not. +"we will live long enough to do what we have planned to do." The word "we" does not directly refer to James or his audience but is part of the example of how James' audience should consider the future. + +# for anyone who knows to do good but does not do it, for him it is sin + +Anyone who fails to do the good he knows he should do is guilty of sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/intro.md b/jas/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..df37d9c286 --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# James 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Adultery ##### +Adultery is a common metaphor in Scripture. It is always used negatively and indicates a child of God is acting in an ungodly manner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +##### Law ##### +It is unclear whether this is a reference to the law of Moses. It is probably a reference to the "law" of God in general. This is the general standard of righteousness based on the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +James uses many rhetorical questions to teach his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The humble" ##### +This is probably not a reference to those who act humbly, but a reference to those who humble themselves and trust in Jesus for their salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[James 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/01.md b/jas/05/01.md index 24e597cc9c..8420ee1ce4 100644 --- a/jas/05/01.md +++ b/jas/05/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +James warns rich people about their focus on pleasure and riches. -## translationNotes +# you who are rich -* **you who are rich -** - ** This is not the rich group of believers as in 1:10. Here, James is talking to rich people who do not honor God. This can be made explicit: "you who are rich and do not honor God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the miseries coming upon you** - When this is coming upon the rich people can be made explict: "the terrible things coming to you when God judges everyone." -* **Your riches have rotted and your clothes are moth-eaten. Your gold and your silver have become worthless** - eaten. Your gold and your silver have become worthless** - James does not mean these riches and clothes are already ruined physically. He is showing they have no spiritual value in the present and they will certainly only last for a little while. This could be translated as "all the things you thought were valuable and made you important are worthless and will only last for a little while." -* **and their corrosion will testify against you** - Here, "will testify against your" describes these ruined treasures as a person who goes before a judge and accuses a person of breaking the law. This could be translated as "and when God judges you all of your ruined treasures will be like a person accusing you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **and consume your flesh like fire** - Here, the ruined treasures are compared to a fire that destroys everything. Also, "fire" is a metaphor that refers to God's punishment. This could be translated as "and they will be the reason God punishes you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **hoarded your treasure** - "you have kept all these treasures to yourself and would not share with others" -* **in the last days** - This is a metonym that refers to the time right before God comes to judge all people. This could be translated as "when God is about to judge you" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) James is giving a strong warning to wealthy believers or 2) James is talking about wealthy unbelievers. AT: "you who are rich and say you honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because of the miseries coming on you + +James states that these people will suffer terribly in the future and writes as if their sufferings were objects that were coming toward them. The abstract noun "miseries" can be translated as a verb. AT: "because you will suffer terribly in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Your riches have rotted, and your clothes have become moth-eaten. Your gold and your silver have become tarnished + +Earthly riches do not last nor do they have any eternal value. James speaks of these events as if they had already happened. AT: "Your riches will rot, and your clothes will be eaten by moths. Your gold and silver will become tarnished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# riches ... clothes ... gold ... silver + +These things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people. + +# have become tarnished ... their rust + +These phrases are used here to describe how gold and silver are ruined. AT: "are ruined ... their ruined condition" or "are corroded ... their corrosion" + +# their rust will be a witness against you. It + +James wrote of their valuable things being ruined as if they were a person in a courtroom accusing the wicked of their crimes. AT: "and when God judges you, your ruined treasures will be like someone who accuses you in court. Their corrosion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] ) + +# will consume ... like fire + +Here the corrosion is spoken of as if it were a fire that will burn up their owners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your flesh + +Here "flesh" stands for the physical body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fire + +The idea of fire here is meant to lead people to remember that fire often stands for God's punishment that will come on all the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the last days + +This refers to the time right before God comes to judge all people. The wicked think they are storing up riches for the future, but what they are doing is storing up judgment. AT: "for when God is about to judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/04.md b/jas/05/04.md index f4a5d33d3b..4f0a932ea0 100644 --- a/jas/05/04.md +++ b/jas/05/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +James continues to warn rich people about thier focus on pleasure and riches. -## translationNotes +# the pay of the laborers is crying out—the pay that you have withheld from those who harvested your fields -* James continues his rebuke towards the Rich Jews who think they are believers but are not acting as true believers. -* **Look** - The word “look” here adds emphasis to what follows. This could be translated as "Think about this." -* **the pay of the laborers…cries out** - Here, "the pay" is referred to as a person who cries out. This could be translated as "the laborers…cry out." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the pay of the laborers...cries out!** - Alternate translation: "you have not paid the laborer who harvested your fields and they cry out for their pay" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_order]]) -* **And the cries of the reapers have reached the ears of the Lord of Armies.** - This can be translated as "And the Lord of Armies have heard the cries of the reapers" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* ** the ears of the Lord of Armies** - James use the phrase "the ears" to refer to the Lord. This can be translated as "The Almighty Lord has heard the cries of the reapers." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **You have lived in luxury on the earth and indulged yourselves** - "You have more money and possessions than anyone could ever need." -* **You have fattened your hearts for a day of slaughter** - This compares the rich person's greed and desire for more things to a cow that eats until it is fat enough to be killed for food. This could be translated as: "Your greed has only prepared you for harsh eternal judgment." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the righteous man** - "the one who does what is right" -* **does not resist you** - "does not oppose you" +The money that should have been paid is spoken of as a person who is shouting because of the injustice done to him. AT: "the fact that you did not pay those you hired to work in your fields shows that you have done wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the cries of the harvesters have gone into the ears of the Lord of hosts + +The shouts of the harvesters are spoken of as if they could be heard in heaven. AT: "the Lord of hosts has heard the cries of the harvesters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into the ears of the Lord of hosts + +God is spoken of as if he had ears as humans have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have fattened your hearts for a day of slaughter + +Here people are viewed as if they were cattle, luxuriously fed on grain so they would become fattened to be slaughtered for a feast. However, no one will feast at the time of judgment. AT: "Your greed has only prepared you for harsh eternal judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your hearts + +The "heart" was considered to be the center of human desire, and here stands for the entire person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have condemned ... the righteous person + +This is probably not "condemned" in the legal sense of a judge passing a sentence of death on a criminal. Instead, it probably refers to the wicked and powerful people who decide to mistreat the poor until they die. + +# the righteous person. He does not + +"the people who do what is right. They do not." Here "the righteous person" refers to righteous people in general and not to a specific person. AT: "righteous people. They do not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# resist you + +"oppose you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/07.md b/jas/05/07.md index 278403b2f9..8b254c3da2 100644 --- a/jas/05/07.md +++ b/jas/05/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Lord]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +James changes topics from a rebuke of the rich people to an exhortation to the believers. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Therefore be patient** - "Because of this wait and be calm" -* **until the coming of the Lord** - This phrase refers to the return of Jesus when he sets up his kingdom on the earth and judges all people. This can be translated as "until Christ's return." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **like the farmer** - James compares believers to farmers to emphasize what it means to be patient. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **fix your hearts** - This is an idiom that can be translated as "stay committed" or "keep your faith strong." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the coming of the Lord is near** - "Christ will return soon" +In closing, James reminds the believers about the Lord's coming and gives several short lessons on how to live for the Lord. + +# So be patient + +"Because of this, wait and be calm" + +# until the Lord's coming + +This phrase refers to the return of Jesus, when he will begin his kingdom on the earth and judge all people. AT: "until Christ's return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the farmer + +James makes an analogy using farmers and believers to teach what it means to be patient. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Make your hearts strong + +James is equating the believers' hearts to their will to remain committed. AT: "Stay committed" or "Keep your faith strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Lord's coming is near + +"the Lord will return soon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/09.md b/jas/05/09.md index 5864ecd1ce..a45709e14b 100644 --- a/jas/05/09.md +++ b/jas/05/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not complain, brothers ... you -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:perseverance]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +James is writing to all the scattered Jewish believers. -## translationNotes +# against one another -* Paul's audience changed from addressing the rich Jews to all the Jewish believers. -* **Do not complain, brothers...you** - Paul is back to writing to all the Jewish believers. -* **against one another** - "about each other" -* **you will be not judged** - This can be translated with an active clause: "Christ will not judge you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the judge is standing at the door** - James compares Jesus, the judge, to a person about to walk in a door to emphasize how soon Jesus will return to judge the world. This could be translated as "coming soon." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **suffering and patience of the prophets** - "the prophets suffered persecution with patience" -* **spoke in the name of the Lord** - "spoke for the Lord to the people" -* **Look** - The word “look” here adds emphasis to what follows. This could be translated as "Listen carefully" or "Remember." -* **those who persevere** - "Those who endure" or "Those who continue through hardship" -* **the Lord is full of compassion and mercy** - "the Lord always shows compassion and mercy" +"about each other" + +# you will be not judged + +This can be stated in the active. AT: "Christ will not judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the judge is standing at the door + +James compares Jesus, the judge, to a person about to walk through a door to emphasize how soon Jesus will return to judge the world. AT: "the judge is coming soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the suffering and patience of the prophets, those who spoke in the name of the Lord + +"how the prophets who spoke in the name of the Lord suffered persecution with patience" + +# spoke in the name of the Lord + +"spoke for the Lord to the people" + +# See + +Here "See" adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Listen carefully" or "Remember" + +# those who endured + +"those who continued obeying God even through hardship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/12.md b/jas/05/12.md index 77100a6da9..c03802c3f6 100644 --- a/jas/05/12.md +++ b/jas/05/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Above all, my brothers, -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +"This is important, may brothers:" or "Especially, my brothers," -## translationNotes +# my brothers -* **Above all** - This is an idiom that can be translated as "This is important" or "Especially" -* **my brothers** - "my fellow believers" -* ** do not swear** - to "swear" is to say that you will do it and to be held accountable by a higher authority. alternate translation: "do not make an oath" or "do not make a vow." -* **either by heaven nor by the earth -** - ** The words "heaven" and "earth" are metonyms that refers to the powers that are in heaven and earth. See UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your "Yes" mean "Yes" and your "No" mean "No"** - This could be translated as "do what you say you will do without making an oath." -* **so you will not fall under judgment** - "so God will not punish you" +This refers to all believers including women. AT: "my fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# do not swear + +To "swear" is to say that you will do something, or that something is true, and to be held accountable by a higher authority. AT: "do not make an oath" or "do not make a vow" + +# either by heaven or by the earth + +The words "heaven" and "earth" refer to the spiritual or human authorities that are in heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let your "Yes" mean "Yes" and your "No" mean "No," + +"do what you say you will do, or say that something is true, without making an oath" + +# so you do not fall under judgment + +Being condemned is spoken of as if one had fallen, crushed by the weight of something heavy. AT: "so God will not punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/13.md b/jas/05/13.md index 4c968d8d0b..55769ae917 100644 --- a/jas/05/13.md +++ b/jas/05/13.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Is anyone among you suffering hardship? Let him pray -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +James uses this question to cause the readers to reflect on their need. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If anyone is enduring troubles, he should pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing praise -* **Is anyone among you suffering? He must pray** - "If anyone is suffering, he should pray." -* **Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing praise** - "If anyone is happy, he should sing songs of praise." -* **Is anyone among you sick? Let him call** - "If anyone is sick, he should call." -* ** the prayer of faith will deliver the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up** - when believers pray for sick people, the Lord who hears their prayer will heal those people. This could be translated as "the Lord will hear believers praying in faith, he will heal the sick person." +James uses this question to cause the readers to reflect on their blessings. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If anyone is happy, he should sing songs of praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is anyone among you sick? Let him call + +James uses this question to cause the readers to reflect on their need. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If anyone is sick, he should call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The prayer of faith will heal the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up + +When believers pray for sick people, the Lord will hear their prayer and will heal those people. AT: "The Lord will hear believers praying in faith, and he will heal the sick person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/16.md b/jas/05/16.md index 6fa73f996f..d467312773 100644 --- a/jas/05/16.md +++ b/jas/05/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +As these were Jewish believers, James reminds them to pray by recalling one of the prophets of old and that prophet's practical prayers. -## translationNotes +# So confess your sins -* **to one another** - "to each other" -* **one for another** - "for each other" -* **that you may be healed** - This can be translated with an active clause: "so that God may heal you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The prayer of the righteous produces great effects** - This could be translated as "When the person who obeys God prays, God will do great things." -* **fervently** - "with great effort" or "with great intensity" or "with great sincerity" -* **three…six** - "3…6" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the heavens poured rain** - Here "heavens" refers to God. This can be translated as "God made it rain." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Admit to other believers things you did wrong so that you can be forgiven. + +# to one another + +"to each other" + +# so that you may be healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that God may heal you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The prayer of a righteous person is very strong in its working + +Prayer is presented as if it were an object that was strong or powerful. AT: "When the person who obeys God prays, God will do great things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# earnestly + +"eagerly" or "passionately" + +# three ... six + +"3 ... 6" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# The heavens gave rain + +"The heavens" probably refers to the sky, which is presented as the source of the rain. AT: "Rain fell from the sky" + +# the earth produced its fruit + +Here the earth is presented as the source of the crops. + +# fruit + +Here "fruit" stands for all the crops of the farmers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/19.md b/jas/05/19.md index c9f1d35291..0452915cac 100644 --- a/jas/05/19.md +++ b/jas/05/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Here this word probably refers to both men and women. AT: "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## translationNotes +# if anyone among you wanders from the truth, and someone brings him back -* **brothers** - My fellow believers" -* ** if anyone among you strays from the truth, but someone leads him back** - This is a metaphor that compares a believer who stops obeying God with a sheep that walks off the road and goes a different direction than the flock. The fellow believer who helps him start obeying again is the shepherd who brings the sheep back to the correct road. This can be translated as "if anyone stops obeying God, but another person helps him start obeying again." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **let him know** - "let the one who leads him back know" -* **leads a sinner out of the error of his way** - "helps a sinner stop living in a way that does not honor God" -* **will save his soul from death and will cover a multitude of sins** - Here, James uses the word "soul" to show this death is more than just physical death. The word "soul" refers to the person who is sinning. Here, "death" refers to spiritual death. This can be translated as "will save the sinner from spiritual death, and God will forgive the sinner for all of his sins." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +A believer who stops trusting in God and obeying him is spoken of as if he were a sheep that wandered away from the flock. The person who persuades him to trust in God again is spoken of as if he were a shepherd who went to search for the lost sheep. AT: "whenever anyone stops obeying God, and another person helps him start obeying again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way ... will cover over a great number of sins + +James means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner's soul from death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will save him from death, and will cover over a great number of sins + +Here "death" refers to spiritual death, eternal separation from God. AT: "will save him from spiritual death, and God will forgive the sinner for all of his sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will cover over a great number of sins + +Possible meanings are 1) the person who brings back the disobedient brother will have his sins forgiven or 2) the disobedient brother, when he returns to the Lord, will have his sins forgiven. Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that God could cover so that he would not see them, so that he would forgive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/intro.md b/jas/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e9e54772b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# James 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eternity ##### +This chapter contrasts living for things of this world, which will not last, with living for things that will last for eternity. It is also important to live with the expectation that Jesus will return soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +##### Oaths ##### +Scholars are divided over whether this passage teaches all oaths are wrong. Most scholars believe some oaths are permissible and James instead is teaching Christians to have integrity. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Elijah ##### +This story will be difficult to understand if the books of 1 and 2 Kings and 1 and 2 Chronicles have not yet been translated. + +##### "Save his soul from death" ##### +This probably teaches that the person who stops their sinful lifestyle will not be punished with physical death as a consequence of their sin. On the other hand, some scholars believe this passage teaches about eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[James 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/front/intro.md b/jas/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2e0a7f990 --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +# Introduction to James # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of James #### + +1. Greetings (1:1) +1. Testing and maturity (1:2-18) +1. Hearing and doing the Word of God (1:19-27) +1. True faith seen in works + - Word of God (1:19-27) + - Royal law of love (2:1-13) + - Works (2:14-26) +1. Difficulties in community + - Dangers of the tongue (3:1-12) + - Wisdom from above (3:13-18) + - Worldly desires (4:1-12) +1. God's perspective on your decisions + - Boasting about tomorrow (4:13-17) + - Warning about riches (5:1-6) + - Suffering with patience (5:7-11) +1. Closing exhortations + - Oaths (5:12) + - Prayer and healing (5:13-18) + - Care for one another (5:19-20) + +#### What is the Book of James about? #### + +The Book of James is one of the "General Epistles." These letters are not addressed to a specific church or individual, but are addressed broadly to the whole church. This letter was written just prior to the Jerusalem Council and had a largely Jewish Christian audience. James is a topical letter; it quickly shifts from one topic to another. There are strong pleas and warnings with many figures of speech taken from nature. The treatment of the poor by the rich in the church is a major concern of this letter. Many parts of this letter correspond to portions of the Sermon on the Mount. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "James." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "A Letter from James" or "The Letter James Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of James? #### + +The Book of James was written by someone called James. This was probably James, the half-brother of Jesus, who was a leader in the early church and was part of the Jerusalem council. The Apostle Paul also called him a "pillar" of the church. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Does James contradict Paul? #### + +Paul teaches in Romans that Christians are justified by faith and not by works, while James seems to teach that Christians are justified by works. There is no contradiction. One possible solution to this issue involves understanding that the word "justification" is used in two different way. Paul teaches that Christians are declared righteous in reference to God while James teaches that man is declared to be righteous in relation to other people by his actions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +Another difficulty involves whether faith without works is "dead" or "useless." What James probably means is that, while good deeds cannot take the place of faith in Christ, faith in Christ always produces good deeds. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How should the translator signal transitions between topics in the Book of James? #### + +The letter quickly shifts from one topic to another. The transitions are rarely smooth. It is acceptable to allow the verses to appear disconnected from each other. It may make sense to set the passages apart by starting a new line or putting a space between topics. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of James? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of James: + +* "Do you want to know, foolish man, how it is that faith without works is useless?" (2:20). The ULB, UDB, and modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "Do you want to know, foolish man, how it is that faith without works is dead?" + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/01.md b/jdg/01/01.md index b440e6e1f1..0a994cfe24 100644 --- a/jdg/01/01.md +++ b/jdg/01/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:simeon|Simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh -* **will lead us when we** - The words "us" and "we" refer to the people of Israel. -* **go up...Come up with us** - This probably means that they were to go up to a higher level of ground, such as a hill or plateau. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. AT: "go...Come with us" or "go...Go up with us" -* **See** - "Look." This adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" -* **this land** - This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. AT: "the land of the Canaanites" -* **that was assigned to us...that was assigned to you** - "that Yahweh assigned to us...that Yahweh assigned to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **we will likewise go with you** - "we will also go with you" or "in the same way we will go with you" +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# will attack the Canaanites for us + +The word "us" refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Judah will attack + +Here "Judah" represents the the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. AT: "The men of Judah must attack first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# See + +"Look" or "Indeed." This adds emphasis to what follows. + +# this land + +This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. AT: "the land of the Canaanites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# their brothers + +"their fellow Israelites" or "their relatives" + +# Come up with us + +The people of the tribes of Judah and Simeon were camped with the rest of the Israelite people in the valley of the Jordan River. The land given to Judah was in the hills above the valley. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. AT: "Come with us" or "Go with us" + +# that was assigned to us ... that was assigned to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh assigned to us ... that Yahweh assigned to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We will likewise go with you + +"We will also go with you" or "In the same way, we will go with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/04.md b/jdg/01/04.md index 7d54526023..5350cfc88a 100644 --- a/jdg/01/04.md +++ b/jdg/01/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The men of Judah attacked -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# They killed ten thousand -* **They killed ten thousand** - AT: "They killed about 10,000" or "They killed a large number" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **of them** - AT: "soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites" or "enemies" -* **Bezek** - an area in the mountains of Canaan (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Adoni Bezek** - This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. The word "Adoni" means "lord of" or "my lord." +"They killed about 10,000" or "They killed a large number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# of them + +"soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites" or "enemies" + +# Bezek + +This is an area in the mountains of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adoni-Bezek + +This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they fought against him + +Here "him" actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. AT: "they fought against him and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/06.md b/jdg/01/06.md index 4e9e1bfdee..943108d4b4 100644 --- a/jdg/01/06.md +++ b/jdg/01/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# pursued him +"chased him" -## translationNotes +# Seventy kings -* **pursued him** - "chased him" -* **Seventy kings** - "70 kings" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off** - AT: "whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off" or "whose thumbs and big toes we cut off" (See" [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"70 kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off" or "whose thumbs and big toes we cut off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gathered their food from under my table + +Forcing these kings to eat scraps of food represents all the ways that Adoni-Bezek humiliated these kings. Here "gathering" food represents eating it. AT: "ate scraps of food from under my table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/08.md b/jdg/01/08.md index 851ebe263a..9e0a72b3eb 100644 --- a/jdg/01/08.md +++ b/jdg/01/08.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the city of Jerusalem and took it -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:hebron|Hebron]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:negev|Negev]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "the people who lived in Jerusalem and defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# They attacked it -* **They attacked it with the edge of the sword** - AT: "They attacked the people of the city with their swords" or "They attacked it with weapons" -* **foothills** - hills that are at the base of a mountain or mountain range -* **the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba** - This is background information. People who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai** - These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "it" refers to the city which represents the people of the city. AT: "They attacked the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with the edge of the sword + +"with the point of the sword." Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. AT: "with their swords" or "with their weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the men of Judah went down to fight + +It was common to use the word "down" when it refers to traveling from Jerusalem. AT: "the men of Judah went to fight" + +# in the Negev + +"in the southern Judean wilderness" + +# foothills + +hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range + +# the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba + +This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai + +These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. Each leader represents his army. AT: "Sheshai, Ahiman, Talmai, and their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/11.md b/jdg/01/11.md index aa8ddb6a93..ea07894823 100644 --- a/jdg/01/11.md +++ b/jdg/01/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called Kiriath Sepher. AT: "which used to be called Kiriath Sepher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# previously -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher** - The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called "Kiriath Sepher." AT: It used to be called Kiriath Sepher" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **previously** - "in times past" or "an an earlier time" +"in times past" or "at an earlier time" + +# Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it + +Here "Kiriath Sepher" represents the people. AT: "Whoever attacks and defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and takes their city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Aksah + +This is the name of Caleb's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Othniel, son of Kenaz + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/14.md b/jdg/01/14.md index 5ca9549222..e290c6475a 100644 --- a/jdg/01/14.md +++ b/jdg/01/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# she urged him -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:father]] +"Aksah urged Othniel" -## translationNotes +# give her a field ... Since you have given me the land -* **she urged him** - AT: "Achsah urged Othniel" -* **Since you have set me in the land of the Negev** - Caleb gave Achsah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. AT: "Since you sent me to the land of the Negev" or "Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev" +This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it in verse 14. In verse 15, she is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Give me a blessing + +"Do a favor for me" or "Do this for me" + +# Since you have given me the land of the Negev + +Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/16.md b/jdg/01/16.md index 7a0f460886..6fe89484bc 100644 --- a/jdg/01/16.md +++ b/jdg/01/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# of Moses' father-in-law -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +"of the father of Moses' wife" -## translationNotes +# father-in-law the Kenite went up -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Moses' father-in-law** - in-law** - the father of Moses' wife -* **the Kenite** - AT: "one of the Ken people" -* **Arad** - the name of a city in Canaan -* **Zephath** - the name of a city in Canaan +"father-in-law, who was one of the Ken people, went up" + +# went up from the City of Palms ... into the wilderness + +"left the City of Palms ... and went into the wilderness" + +# City of Palms + +This is another name for the city of Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Arad + +This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the men of Simeon their brothers + +Here "brothers" means relatives who were in another tribe of Israel. + +# Zephath + +This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The name of the city was called Hormah + +After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to "Hormah." The name "Hormah" means "complete destruction." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/18.md b/jdg/01/18.md index 49b24fb8fa..a444e89b19 100644 --- a/jdg/01/18.md +++ b/jdg/01/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh was with the people of Judah -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "was with" means that Yahweh helped the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# plains -* **plains** - very large areas of level ground, like a large valley +a very large area of level, treeless ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/20.md b/jdg/01/20.md index a23f077dab..9020e0d862 100644 --- a/jdg/01/20.md +++ b/jdg/01/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said) -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses had given Hebron to Caleb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# three sons of Anak -* **Hebron was given to Caleb (as Moses had told them to do),** - AT: "Moses had given Hebron to Caleb," (See: [[en/ta/vol2/translate/figs_activepassive]]) -* **three sons** - The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Anak** - Anak was a very tall man, and some of his descendants were also very tall (Numbers 13:22,32,33). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **to this day** - "until now," meaning the time the book of Judges was written +The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. AT: "three sons of Anak and their people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Anak + +This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to this day + +"until now." This refers to the time the book of Judges was written. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/22.md b/jdg/01/22.md index 71d3b8a2c6..8f47eb1f76 100644 --- a/jdg/01/22.md +++ b/jdg/01/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The house of Joseph -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "house" represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the "house of Joseph" can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. AT: "The descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim" or "The men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to attack Bethel -* **house of Joseph** - "the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim" - Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the "house of Joseph" refers to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. -* **Bethel** - This city name means "house of God." -* **spy** - to get information secretly. -* **Luz** - an ancient town named Luz that was near what became the city of Bethel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **spies** - people who get information secretly +Here "Bethel" represents the people who live in Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# spy + +to get information secretly + +# the city that was formerly called Luz + +This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# spies + +people who get information secretly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/25.md b/jdg/01/25.md index fee77aa5f2..3d25d353de 100644 --- a/jdg/01/25.md +++ b/jdg/01/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they attacked the city -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "they attacked the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# with the edge of the sword -* **they attacked the city with the edge of the sword** - The edge of a sword is the part that can kill. This phrase is used to say the attack was violent and people were killed. AT: "they attacked the city and killed many people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **get away** - AT: "escape" -* **Luz** - This new town of Luz started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz that the man had left, near Bethel. -* **which is its name to this day** - AT: "which is still its name" (when the book of Judges was written) +"with the point of the sword." Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. AT: "with their swords" or "with their weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# get away + +This is an idiom. AT: "escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Luz + +This new town started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz, near Bethel, that the man had left. + +# which is its name to this day + +"which is still its name." Here "to this day" refers to the time when the book of Judges was written. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/27.md b/jdg/01/27.md index 72297eb77b..a6c05c66e3 100644 --- a/jdg/01/27.md +++ b/jdg/01/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Shan ... Taanach ... Dor ... Ibleam ... Megiddo -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land -* **cities…villages** - These are towns, which are places where people live together. "Cities" are larger than towns, but "villages" are smaller than towns. -* **Beth Shan…Taanach…Dor…Ibleam…Megiddo** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land** - To "determine" is to firmly decide something. AT: "because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land" -* **they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor** - AT: "they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them" +To "determine" is to firmly decide something. AT: "because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land" + +# When Israel became strong + +Here "Israel" represents the people. AT: "When the people of Israel became stronger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor + +"they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/29.md b/jdg/01/29.md index cf3470e7a8..ed5f90ec2c 100644 --- a/jdg/01/29.md +++ b/jdg/01/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Ephraim did not -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Here "Ephraim" the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Gezer -* **Gezer** - The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area, which seems to mean "a part or portion" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/30.md b/jdg/01/30.md index 195373d175..ee39dc6de3 100644 --- a/jdg/01/30.md +++ b/jdg/01/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Zebulun did not drive out -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +Here "Zebulun" represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Kitron ... Nahalol -* **Kitron...Nahalol** - These are the names of cities in the land of Canaan. "Nahalol" means "pasture." "Kitron" may mean "to make sweet." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **hard labor** - "difficult labor" +These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# but Zebulun forced + +Here "Zebulun" represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hard labor + +"difficult labor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/31.md b/jdg/01/31.md index 6ef32c4acf..999d45541f 100644 --- a/jdg/01/31.md +++ b/jdg/01/31.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Asher did not drive -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Here "Asher" represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Asher. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Akko ... Sidon ... Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek ... Rehob -* See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]. +These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/33.md b/jdg/01/33.md index e68817e9e5..f8692e7065 100644 --- a/jdg/01/33.md +++ b/jdg/01/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Shemesh ... Beth Anath -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali -* **Beth Anath** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **hard labor** - "difficult labor" -* **inhabitants of** - "people who live in" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of Naphtali forced the people of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath to work for them as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/34.md b/jdg/01/34.md index c1404d2657..9deff6f34d 100644 --- a/jdg/01/34.md +++ b/jdg/01/34.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# not allowing them to come down -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +"stopping them from coming down" -## translationNotes +# plain -* See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **not allowing them to come down** - stopping them from coming down -* **plain** - a large area of flat land without trees. -* **Mount Heres** - a large hill on which the city Aijalon was built. -* **Aijalon...Shaalbim** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[en/ta/vol1/translate/translate_names]]) -* **the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them** - AT: "but the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army" -* **Scorpion Pass** - This is the name of a place on the southern border of Israel where the mountains are lower so a road can pass through. It is named after a scorpion, which is a small animal with a poisonous stinger on it's tail like the stinger of a bee. -* **Sela** - This was the name of the capital city of the neighboring country. +a very large area of flat land without trees + +# Mount Heres + +This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Aijalon ... Shaalbim + +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them + +"the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army" + +# house of Joseph + +Here "house" represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the "house of Joseph" can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. AT: "the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim" or "the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hill of Akrabbim + +This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the "Scorpion Pass." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sela + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/intro.md b/jdg/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a663f6972 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Judges 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +##### "After the death of Joshua" ##### +This statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land ##### + +Israel fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God's instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Judges intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/01.md b/jdg/02/01.md index d00b80f8bc..e9d256f457 100644 --- a/jdg/02/01.md +++ b/jdg/02/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# angel of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Possible meaning are 1) "angel who represents Yahweh" or 2) "messenger who serves Yahweh" or 3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel's use of "I" as if Yahweh himself were talking. -## translationNotes +# went up from Gilgal to Bokim -* **Bochim** - This place was named to remember this event. "Bochim" means "crying." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **brought you up from Egypt** - "led you up from Egypt" -* **break my covenant with you** - "fail to do what I said I would do for you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you have not listened to my voice** - "you have not obeyed my commands" -* **What is this that you have done?** - This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. AT: "You have done a terrible thing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"left Gilgal and went to Bokim" + +# Bokim + +This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. "Bokim" means "crying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# and said + +It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. AT: "and said to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# brought you up from Egypt + +"led you from Egypt" + +# your fathers + +"your ancestors" or "your forefathers" + +# break my covenant with you + +This is an idiom. AT: "fail to do what I said I would do for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you have not listened to my voice + +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh said. AT: "you have not obeyed my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What is this that you have done? + +This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. AT: "You have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/03.md b/jdg/02/03.md index 23c57ef13c..9428040a78 100644 --- a/jdg/02/03.md +++ b/jdg/02/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# So now I say, 'I will not ... trap for you.' -* The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -* **become thorns in your sides** - The angel of Yahweh compares the Canaanites to thorns to express that like a thorn in a person's side is painful so also the Canaanites will cause problems for Israel. AT: "become problems for you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **thorns** - sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants -* **their gods will become a trap for you** - AT: "their gods are like a trap that will lead you into sin" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **cried out and wept** - AT: "they cried many tears" -* **Bochim** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:02:01]]. +This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "So now I tell you that I will not ... trap for you.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# become thorns in your sides + +The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. AT: "cause you trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thorns + +sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants + +# their gods will become a trap for you + +The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunter's trap that catches an animal and causes it harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shouted and wept + +"cried many tears" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/06.md b/jdg/02/06.md index 83983cf4ad..1edc210868 100644 --- a/jdg/02/06.md +++ b/jdg/02/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now when Joshua -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator begins a summary that explains how the generations of Israelites after Joshua sinned and worshiped false gods so that Yahweh punished them, but then he would send judges to rescue them. This summary ends in 2:23. -## translationNotes +# when Joshua ... died at the age of 110 years old -* **to the place assigned** - AT: "to the place Yahweh gave them" -* **lifetime** - the time that someone lived, AT: "life" -* **outlived** - to live longer than someone else, AT: "lived longer than" -* **Nun** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua. + +# to the place assigned + +This statement can be made clearer. AT: "to the place Yahweh gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# during the lifetime + +This means the time that someone lived. AT: "during the life" + +# the elders + +Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses. + +# outlived him + +This means to live longer than someone else. AT: "lived longer than he did" + +# Nun + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 110 years old + +"one hundred and ten years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/09.md b/jdg/02/09.md index 62080fa359..229d2648a9 100644 --- a/jdg/02/09.md +++ b/jdg/02/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# he was assigned -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God gave him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Timnath Heres -* **he was assigned** - AT: "that God gave him" (See: [[en/ta/vol2/translate/figs_activepassive#active-or-passive]]) -* **Timnath Heres** - This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mount Gaash** - This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **was also gathered to their fathers** - AT: "had died" (See: [[en/ta/vol1/translate/figs_idiom]]) -* **grew up** - "grew older" or "became older" +This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mount Gaash + +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All that generation was also gathered to their fathers + +The phrase "was also gathered to their fathers" means that as the people of that generation died, their souls went to the same place as their ancestors who died before them. It is a polite way of saying they died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# fathers + +Here this means the ancestors of a certain person or people group. + +# grew up + +"grew older" or "became older" + +# who did not know Yahweh + +Here "did not know" means they had not experienced Yahweh or his power the way the previous generation had. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/11.md b/jdg/02/11.md index 48291ec5f7..2dbf544a25 100644 --- a/jdg/02/11.md +++ b/jdg/02/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Baals -* **in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "against Yahweh" or "before Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Baals** - This is the plural of Baal. While "Baal" was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods, too, that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **broke away from** - "turned away from" or "stopped following" -* **went after** - "followed after" -* **bowed down to them** - Worship is referred to by an action used to worship a god. AT: "worshipped them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they provoked Yahweh to anger** - AT: "they caused Yahweh to become angry" -* **Ashtoreths** - This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshipped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the plural of Baal. While "Baal" was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They broke away from Yahweh + +The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fathers + +"ancestors" or "forefathers" + +# They went after other gods + +The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bowed down to them + +This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# They provoked Yahweh to anger + +"They caused Yahweh to become angry" + +# Ashtoreths + +This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/14.md b/jdg/02/14.md index 92f0e17a01..c319473a09 100644 --- a/jdg/02/14.md +++ b/jdg/02/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. AT: "Yahweh became very angry with the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he gave them to the raiders who stole their possessions from them -* **The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel** - The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. AT: "Yahweh became very angry with Israel" (See: [[en/ta/vol1/translate/figs_metaphor]]) -* **he gave them over to the raiders who stole their possessions from them** - "he let raiders steal their possessions" -* **He sold them as slaves** - The people of Israel are compared to slaves. AT: "He gave them to their enemies like they were slaves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Yahweh's hand** - "Yahweh's power" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they were in terrible distress** - "they were suffering terribly" +"he let raiders steal their possessions" + +# He sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies + +Yahweh allowing the enemies to take the Israelites as slaves is spoken of as if he sold them into slavery. The phrase "who were held by" can be stated in active form. AT: "He allowed their enemies to conquer them and take them as slaves, and they could no longer resist their powerful enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh's hand was against them to defeat them + +Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "Yahweh helped their enemies defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they were in terrible distress + +"they were suffering terribly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/16.md b/jdg/02/16.md index e8566cbfe4..2fdf8bc31d 100644 --- a/jdg/02/16.md +++ b/jdg/02/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Yahweh raised up judges -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the hand of those -* **they would not listen to** - "they would not obey" -* **gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them** - The people of Israel are like prostitutes because they gave themselves to the sinful following of false gods like prostitutes give their bodies to sexual sin. AT: "gave themselves to committing terrible sins by worshiping false gods" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **turned aside** - AT: "turned away" +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "from the power of the enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they would not listen to their judges + +"they would not obey their judges" + +# gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them + +The people betraying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the people were prostitutes. AT: "betrayed him by worshiping false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They soon turned aside from the way their fathers had lived + +The people not acting like their ancestors who worshiped Yahweh is spoken of as if the people turned and went in a different direction than their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their fathers + +"their ancestors" or "their forefathers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/18.md b/jdg/02/18.md index b13c520703..1807ef9abf 100644 --- a/jdg/02/18.md +++ b/jdg/02/18.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# When Yahweh raised up judges -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# judges for them ... rescued them -* **judges for them...rescued them** - The word "them" refers to the Israelites. -* **all the days** - "while" -* **pity** - to have compassion for someone or something. -* **groaned** - The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. AT: "suffered" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **go after other gods** - "follow other gods" or "obey other gods" -* **give up** - "stop" -* **their evil practices** - "evil things they did" +The word "them" refers to the Israelites. + +# the hand of their enemies + +Here "hand" refers to power of the enemies to hurt Israel. AT: "the power of their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the days the judge lived + +"as long as the judge lived" + +# pity + +to have compassion for someone or something + +# as they groaned + +The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. AT: "as they suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they would turn away + +The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their fathers + +"their ancestors" or "their forefathers" + +# They would go after other gods to serve them and worship them + +The Israelites worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were walking and going after other gods. AT: "They would serve and worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways + +"They refused to stop doing evil things and being stubborn." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "They continued doing evil things and being stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/20.md b/jdg/02/20.md index 6506da5849..1fcc759de1 100644 --- a/jdg/02/20.md +++ b/jdg/02/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# this nation has broken -* **The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:02:14]]. -* **he did not allow Joshua to conquer them** - "he did not let Joshua conquer them" +Here "nation" represents the people. AT: "these people have broken" or "the Israelites have broken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fathers + +Here this refers to the ancestors of a certain person or people group. + +# they have not listened to my voice + +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh said. AT: "they have not obeyed what I commanded them" or "they have not obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# any of the nations + +Here "nations" represents the people groups that lived in Canaan before the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it + +How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua + +These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. AT: "he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# into the hand of Joshua + +Here "hand" is a metonym for power, and "Joshua" represents himself and his army. AT: "into the power of Joshua and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/intro.md b/jdg/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4f226c89cb --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Judges 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh tests Israel ##### + +Yahweh said, "Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant." Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/01.md b/jdg/03/01.md index ea6eea25b1..0ca71f5789 100644 --- a/jdg/03/01.md +++ b/jdg/03/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Yahweh -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "Now" begins a new section of the story. -## translationNotes +# these nations -* **all in Israel** - "everyone in Israel" -* **he did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before** - "Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle how to do that" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Mount Baal Hermon** - This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Lebo Hamath** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3. + +# who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before + +This breaks from the main storyline. The narrator gives background information about why Yahweh left some of the people groups in Canaan. AT: "Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle before how to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the five kings + +These five kings represent themselves and their people. AT: "the five kings and their people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Mount Baal Hermon + +This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hamath Pass + +This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/04.md b/jdg/03/04.md index c845a900dc..32e9e1cd25 100644 --- a/jdg/03/04.md +++ b/jdg/03/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# These nations were left -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh left these nations in Canaan" or "Yahweh allowed these nations to continue to live in Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# as a means -* **These nations were left** - "These nations were not destroyed" -* **as a means** - "as a way" -* **whether they would...gave their ancestors** - The words "they" and "their" refer to the people of Israel. -* **the commands he gave** - The word "he" refers to Yahweh. AT: "the commands Yahweh gave" +"as a way" + +# whether they would ... gave their ancestors + +The words "they" and "their" refer to the people of Israel. + +# the commands he gave + +"the commands Yahweh gave" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/07.md b/jdg/03/07.md index ddf486f371..6e12ad5ca1 100644 --- a/jdg/03/07.md +++ b/jdg/03/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand, right hand, to hand over]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# forgot Yahweh their God -* **in the sight of Yahweh** - See how this is translated in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:02:11]]. -* **the anger of Yahweh was set on fire ** - Yahweh's anger is being compared to a fire being lit. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **sold them into the hand of Cushan Rishathaim** - Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is compared to being sold. AT: "allowed them to be conquered by Cushan Rishathaim" -* **Cushan Rishathaim** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Aram Naharaim** - This is the name of a country. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "forgot" is an idiom that means "they stopped obeying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the anger of Yahweh was set on fire + +Yahweh becoming very angry is spoken of as if his anger were something that could be set on fire. AT: "Yahweh became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim + +Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is spoken of as if Yahweh sold them to Cushan-Rishathaim. AT: "allowed Cushan-Rishathaim and his army to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim + +Here "hand" is a metonym that represents power or control. Also, "Cushan-Rishathaim" is a synechdoche that represents himself and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Cushan-Rishathaim + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Aram Naharaim + +This is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/09.md b/jdg/03/09.md index e100365a32..0e2e9736fd 100644 --- a/jdg/03/09.md +++ b/jdg/03/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh raised up someone -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Othniel ... Kenaz -* **Othniel...Kenaz** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:01:11]]. -* **empowered him** - This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader. -* **Cushan Rishathaim** - See how you translated this king's name in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:03:07]]. -* **the power of Othniel** - Othniel's name is used to refer to his army. AT: "the army of Othniel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The land had peace** - "The land" is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. AT: "The people had peace" -* **forty years** - "40 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +See how you translated these men's names in [Judges 1:13](../01/11.md). + +# empowered him + +This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader. + +# he judged Israel + +Here "judged" means he led the people of Israel. + +# he went out to war + +Here "he" refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. AT: "Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram + +Here "Cushan-Rishathaim" represents his army. AT: "Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The hand of Othniel + +Here "hand" is a metonym for army. AT: "The army of Othniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The land had peace + +"The land" is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. AT: "The people lived peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/12.md b/jdg/03/12.md index 7eda491b57..97d28aa6f4 100644 --- a/jdg/03/12.md +++ b/jdg/03/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab -* **and he saw what** - Sight is often used to describe knowledge. AT: "and Yahweh knew what" -* **Eglon** - This is the name of a king. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **as he came against** - AT: "as he attacked" -* **eighteen years** - "18 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites + +Here "Eglon king of Moab" represents himself and his army. AT: "to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Eglon + +This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the City of Palms + +This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md). + +# eighteen years + +"18 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/15.md b/jdg/03/15.md index d70bfe282a..b10c08513d 100644 --- a/jdg/03/15.md +++ b/jdg/03/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# called out to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God. -## translationNotes +# raised up someone -* **he raised them up one** - AT: "he gave them someone" -* **Ehud...Gera** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **left-handed** - handed** - a person who is better able to use the left side of their body. They would write and hold a sword with their left hand. +Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Ehud ... Gera + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# left-handed + +Ehud was better able to hold a sword with his left hand. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/16.md b/jdg/03/16.md index fa7c605cb3..e63551960f 100644 --- a/jdg/03/16.md +++ b/jdg/03/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# one cubit -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance|cubit]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] +If it is necessary to use a modern measurement of length, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "46 centimeters" or "about one half meter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh -* **he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh** - AT: "he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing" -* **thigh** - "upper leg" -* **Now Eglon was a very fat man** - Translate this as you would when you are giving additional information in a story. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **he left with those who had carried it in** - AT: "he led away those who brought it in" +"he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing" + +# thigh + +"upper leg" + +# Now Eglon was a very fat man + +Here "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/19.md b/jdg/03/19.md index b7dd71cde4..1318d90797 100644 --- a/jdg/03/19.md +++ b/jdg/03/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# when he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:image]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when he arrived at the place near Gilgal where people made carved images" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# in the coolness of the upper room -* **He himself, however** - "Ehud, however" -* **upper room** - a room on the level or floor of a building that is above the lowest floor; to enter an "upper room" a person goes up steps +This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day. + +# The king got up out of his seat + +Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/21.md b/jdg/03/21.md index aba69c2318..f325b1becc 100644 --- a/jdg/03/21.md +++ b/jdg/03/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The tip of the sword came out of his back -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"The sharp end of the sword came out of his back" -## translationNotes +# porch -* **the tip of which came out of his back,** - Possible meanings are 1) the end of the sword came out of his back (see UDB) or 2) Eglon defecated (see note on "relieving himself" in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:03:24:]]). -* **did not draw** - AT: "did not pull" -* **porch** - an outside room with a roof and low walls -* **upper room** - a room upstairs above the ground level +an outside room with low walls and a roof covering \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/24.md b/jdg/03/24.md index 25f721b95d..065702f301 100644 --- a/jdg/03/24.md +++ b/jdg/03/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Surely he is relieving himself -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# until they felt they were neglecting their duty -* **Surely he is relieving himself** - This is a polite way to speak about a person producing a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **until they felt they were neglecting their duty** - AT: "and they decided they had to see the king" -* **took the key and opened them** - "took the key and opened the doors" +They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their king's private room. + +# took the key and opened them + +"took the key and opened the doors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/26.md b/jdg/03/26.md index 1b19b2f755..cd7e8f912b 100644 --- a/jdg/03/26.md +++ b/jdg/03/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# While the servants were waiting ... Ehud escaped -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This tells what happened before the servants opened the doors to the upper room and found the king dead. AT: "Meanwhile, as the servants were still waiting outside of the upper room ... Ehud escaped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## translationNotes +# Seirah -* **Seirah** - The name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **When he arrived** - AT: "When he arrived in Seirah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When he arrived + +This could be made clearer. AT: "When he arrived in Seirah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/28.md b/jdg/03/28.md index 80199e3e00..446ba2bc28 100644 --- a/jdg/03/28.md +++ b/jdg/03/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +Ehud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim. -## translationNotes +# for Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies -* Ehud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim. -* **captured the fords** - AT: "gained control of the fords" -* **fords** - the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side. -* **did not allow anyone to cross** - AT: "did not let anyone cross" -* **ten thousand men** - "10,000 men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **capable men** - "able men" - men able to fight well -* **subdued** - "controlled" or "defeated" -* **the strength of Israel** - The army of Israel is referred to as the nation's strength. (See: [[:en/ta/vol2/translate/figs_metonymy]]) -* **eighty years** - "80 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# captured the fords + +"gained control of the fords" + +# fords + +the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side + +# did not allow anyone to cross + +"did not let anyone cross" + +# ten thousand men + +"10,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# capable men + +"able men" or "men able to fight well" + +# Moab was subdued by the strength of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Israelite army defeated the Moabites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the strength of Israel + +Here "strength" represents the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the land had rest + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "the Israelites lived peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# eighty years + +"80 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/31.md b/jdg/03/31.md index e97746670a..6e76390caf 100644 --- a/jdg/03/31.md +++ b/jdg/03/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# judge -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] +God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies. -## translationNotes +# Shamgar -* **Shamgar** - The name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Anath** - The name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **goad** - "move" or "direct" -* **He also delivered Israel from danger** - The word "danger" refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anath + +The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 600 men + +"six hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# goad + +"move" or "direct" + +# He also delivered Israel from danger + +The word "danger" refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. AT: "He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/intro.md b/jdg/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64796d279d --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Judges 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The people worship false gods ##### + +Israel worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Blew a trumpet" ##### + +When Ehud "blew a trumpet," he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/01.md b/jdg/04/01.md index 4f123a3651..de3a0f58e0 100644 --- a/jdg/04/01.md +++ b/jdg/04/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Ehud -* [[en:tw:Gentile]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). -## translationNotes +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* **Ehud** - See how you translated the name Ehud in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:03:15]]. -* **Jabin...Sisera** - The names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hazor...Haroseth** - The names of cities or places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **nine hundred iron chariots** - "900 iron chariots" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **twenty years** - AT: "20 years" +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan + +Here "hand" refers to Jabin's power over Israel. Yahweh's decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. AT: "Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jabin ... Sisera + +These are the names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hazor ... Harosheth Haggoyim + +These are the names of cities or places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# nine hundred iron chariots + +"900 iron chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twenty years + +"20 years" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/04.md b/jdg/04/04.md index 200b4c8964..b7a05f8d4a 100644 --- a/jdg/04/04.md +++ b/jdg/04/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethel|Bethel]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:palm|palm]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah|Ramah]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Deborah -* **Deborah** - The name of a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Lappidoth** - The name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **palm of Deborah** - This tree was named after Deborah. +This is the name of a woman (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Lappidoth + +This is the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# judge + +God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies. + +# palm of Deborah + +This tree was named after Deborah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/06.md b/jdg/04/06.md index 5b6323ef95..6334a83729 100644 --- a/jdg/04/06.md +++ b/jdg/04/06.md @@ -1,28 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali|Naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun|Zebulun]] +The writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Barak ... Abinoam -* The writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain and a river by their names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Barak...Abinoam** - The names of men. -* **Kedesh** - The name of a city. -* **Mount Tabor** - The name of a mountain. -* **ten thousand men** - "10,000 men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **draw out** - to cause people to come away from a safe location. -* **Sisera...Jabin** - See how you translated the names of these men in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. -* **Kishon** - The name of a river. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mount Tabor + +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# ten thousand men + +"10,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# I will draw out + +Here "I" refers to God. + +# draw out Sisera + +Here "Sisera" represents himself and his army. AT: "draw out Sisera and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# draw out + +to cause people to come away from a safe location + +# Sisera ... Jabin + +See how you translated these men's names in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). + +# Kishon + +This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/08.md b/jdg/04/08.md index 0ef7bbdfd1..24c6fa8ede 100644 --- a/jdg/04/08.md +++ b/jdg/04/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:kedesh|Kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Barak has a discussion with Deborah. -## translationNotes +# Barak -* Barak has a discussion with Deborah -* **Barak** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **the road on which you are going** - The choice Barak makes is compared to Barak choosing a road on which he will travel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Sisera ** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. -* **by her strength** - "by her leadership" or "by her ability to lead" -* **Deborah ** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:04:04]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). + +# the road on which you are going will not lead to your honor + +The choice Barak makes is spoken of as if Barak were choosing a road on which to travel. And, "honor" is spoken of as if it were a destination to which one travels. AT: "no one will honor you for what you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman + +Here "hand" refers to her power to kill him. AT: "for Yahweh will cause a woman to defeat Sisera" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Sisera + +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). + +# Deborah + +See how you translated this woman's name in [Judges 4:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/10.md b/jdg/04/10.md index 6ef0f69119..d9df586ee5 100644 --- a/jdg/04/10.md +++ b/jdg/04/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Ten thousand men -* [[en:tw:kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:kedesh|Kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali|Naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun|Zebulun]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Barak** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **Ten thousand men** - "10,000 men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Deborah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:04]]. +"10,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/11.md b/jdg/04/11.md index bb88226044..2cbba65a77 100644 --- a/jdg/04/11.md +++ b/jdg/04/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:kedesh|Kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:oak|oak]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Heber ... Hobab -* **Heber...Hobab** - The names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kenite** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:01:16]] -* **(Moses' father-in-law)** - in-law)** - "Moses' wife's father" -* **Zaanannim** - The name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kenite + +See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md) + +# Moses' father-in-law + +"the father of Moses' wife" + +# Zaanannim + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/12.md b/jdg/04/12.md index 32aca3b608..eb31b7ff19 100644 --- a/jdg/04/12.md +++ b/jdg/04/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When they told Sisera -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:gentile|Gentile]] +Here "they" does not identify anyone specifically. AT: "When someone told Sisera" -## translationNotes +# Sisera -* **Sisera** - See how you translated this name in [[:en/bible/notes/jdg/04/01]]. -* **Barak...Abinoam...Mount Tabor** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **nine hundred iron chariots** - 900 iron chariots (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Harosheth** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]] -* **Kishon River** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). + +# Barak ... Abinoam ... Mount Tabor + +See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). + +# Sisera called out all his chariots + +Here "chariots" represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nine hundred iron chariots + +"900 iron chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Harosheth Haggoyim + +See how you translated the name of this city in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). + +# Kishon River + +See how you translated this in [Judges 4:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/14.md b/jdg/04/14.md index 634658fcbe..da06836792 100644 --- a/jdg/04/14.md +++ b/jdg/04/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh has given you victory +Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. AT: "Yahweh will give you victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# Is not Yahweh leading you? -* **Deborah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:04]]. -* **Barak** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **Sisera** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. -* **Yahweh has given you victory** - Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. AT: "Yahweh will give you victory" -* **Is not Yahweh leading you?** - Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh is leading you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Mount Tabor** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **with ten thousand** - "with 10,000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. AT: "Remember, Yahweh is leading you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# with ten thousand + +"with 10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/15.md b/jdg/04/15.md index 1297920030..7eb67579da 100644 --- a/jdg/04/15.md +++ b/jdg/04/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh made Sisera's army confused -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"Yahweh made Sisera's unable to think clearly" or "Yahweh made Sisera's army panic" -## translationNotes +# all his chariots -* **Sisera** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. -* **confused** - "unable to think clearly" -* **Barak** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **pursued** - "chased" -* **Harosheth** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. -* **killed by the edge of the sword** - This phrase refers to swords by the part of the sword that is sharp and can be used to kill. AT: "killed with swords" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "chariots" represents the soldiers driving the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Barak pursued + +Here "Barak" represents himself and his army. AT: "Barak and his soldiers chased" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Harosheth + +Translate this the same way you did in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). + +# the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword + +Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera's whole army with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/17.md b/jdg/04/17.md index 0c2eae65d6..761369c66c 100644 --- a/jdg/04/17.md +++ b/jdg/04/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Sisera ... Jabin ... Hazor -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# ran away on foot -* **Sisera... Jabin... Hazor** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. -* **Jael** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Heber** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:11]]. -* **Kenite** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:01:16]]. -* **Turn aside** - to change course during a journey in order to rest. -* **blanket** - a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins +This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Jael + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heber + +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 4:11](./11.md). + +# Kenite + +See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md). + +# the house of Heber the Kenite + +Here "house" represents a family. AT: "the family of heber the Kenite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Turn aside + +This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. AT: "Come here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# blanket + +a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/19.md b/jdg/04/19.md index c8ff994a23..b7d0b8aa7d 100644 --- a/jdg/04/19.md +++ b/jdg/04/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to her -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] - -## translationNotes - -* **He said to her** - "Sisera said to Jael" -* **thirsty** - to desire or be in need of water or other drink +"Sisera said to Jael" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/21.md b/jdg/04/21.md index fbe637ff34..2e23042132 100644 --- a/jdg/04/21.md +++ b/jdg/04/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# tent peg -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent -## translationNotes +# hammer -* **Jael** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:17]]. -* **Heber** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:11]]. -* **tent peg** - a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. -* **a deep sleep** - Like a person in deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person who is in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **pierced** - "made a hole" -* **Barak** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **pursuing** - "chasing" or "following after" -* **Sisera** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. +a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground + +# a deep sleep + +Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it pierced + +"it made a hole" + +# Barak was pursuing + +"Barak was chasing" or "Barak was following after" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/23.md b/jdg/04/23.md index 1c8bfdca54..aab4a86737 100644 --- a/jdg/04/23.md +++ b/jdg/04/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel -* [[en:tw:Canaan]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] +God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The might -* **Jabin** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. -* **before the people of Israel** - Before means in front, so the people could see it happen and understand it. AT: "in the sight of Israel, who then understood that God had enabled their victory" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **The might** - "the military power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **stronger and stronger** - The word "stronger" is repeated to show the people of Israel's growing strength. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"The military power" + +# they destroyed him + +Here "him" refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. AT: "they destroyed Jabin and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/intro.md b/jdg/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2312b9e15 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Judges 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Chapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Barak's leadership ##### + +At this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/01.md b/jdg/05/01.md index c62487825c..d24eca64db 100644 --- a/jdg/05/01.md +++ b/jdg/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# On that day -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Deborah -* **On that day** - AT: "On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Deborah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:04]]. -* **Barak…Abinoam** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **when the people gladly volunteer for war** - “when the men agree to fight in battle” +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md). + +# Barak ... Abinoam + +See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). + +# when the people gladly volunteer for war + +"when the men agree to fight in battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/03.md b/jdg/05/03.md index 46457c78fb..6c070d99ec 100644 --- a/jdg/05/03.md +++ b/jdg/05/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:edom]] +Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## translationNotes +# Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders -* Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders** - Both of these phrases mean the same thing. It is repeated for emphasis. -* **when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom** - Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. Both of these phrases refer to Yahweh bringing the people of Israel into the land he had promised to give to Israel. +Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# you kings ... you leaders + +This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders. + +# when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom + +This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Seir + +Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water + +Possible meanings are 1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh's power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or 2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/05.md b/jdg/05/05.md index 979e969a2c..7eed6eb8a5 100644 --- a/jdg/05/05.md +++ b/jdg/05/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sinai]] +Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## translationNotes +# The mountains quaked -* **The mountains quaked before the face of Yahweh** - This probably refers to earthquakes that Yahweh caused. The phrase "before the face of Yahweh" gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. This emphasizes how powerful Yahweh is. (See: [[en/ta/vol2/translate/figs_personification]]) -* **the face of Yahweh** - This refers to Yahweh's great and powerful presence. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **In the days of** - "during the lifetime of" -* **Shamgar...Anath...Jael** - These are the names of men. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:03:31]], and Jael in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:04:17]] (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **son of Anath** - Shamgar's father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **the main roads were abandoned** - "people abandoned the main roads" or "people stopped using the main roads." People did this because they were afraid. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the winding paths** - This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on. +This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. AT: "The mountains trembled in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before the face of Yahweh + +Here "face" refers Yahweh's presence. AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# even Mount Sinai quaked + +When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. AT: "long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In the days of + +"During the lifetime of" + +# Shamgar ... Anath ... Jael + +These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [Judges 3:31](../03/31.md) and Jael in [Judges 4:18](../04/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# son of Anath + +Shamgar's father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the main roads were abandoned + +This can be stated in active form and you can make explicit why the roads were abandoned AT: "people stopped using the main roads; because they were afraid of Israel's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the winding paths + +This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/07.md b/jdg/05/07.md index 357011b667..652e068653 100644 --- a/jdg/05/07.md +++ b/jdg/05/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a mother took command in Israel +This speaks of Deborah's leadership as if she were the mother of the Israelites. AT: "I took care of the Israelites like a mother takes care of her children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they chose new gods -* **There were no peasants in Israel** - If needed, the reason can be made clear. AT: "Because our enemies kept attacking our villages, there were no peasants in Israel" or "Because our enemies kept attacking us, there were no peasants living in the villages of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **peasants** - This probably refers to people who lived in unwalled villages and farmed the land. They may have had to leave their villages and land and go to the walled cities for protection, or to the wilderness where enemies would not find them. -* **forty thousand in Israel** - "40,000 in Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **neither shields nor spears were seen among forty thousand in Israel** - This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. AT: "few weapons for battle remained in Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "the people of Israel worshiped new gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there was fighting at the city gates + +Here "gates" represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel + +This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. AT: "few weapons for battle remained in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# forty thousand in Israel + +"40,000 in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/09.md b/jdg/05/09.md index 094feec386..fa14a7188b 100644 --- a/jdg/05/09.md +++ b/jdg/05/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +The word "heart" represents a person's emotions. The phrase "My heart goes out to" is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. AT: "I appreciate the commanders of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# you who ride on white donkeys ... you who walk along the road -* **My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel** - The word "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "I appreciate the commanders of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **you who ride on white donkeys...you who walk along the road** - This probably refers to rich people and poor people. AT: "You rich people who ride on white donkeys ... you poor people who walk along the road." The two are used together to mean everyone. -* **sitting on rugs for saddles** - These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey's back to make the rider more comfortable. +This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. AT: "you rich people who ride on white donkeys ... you poor people who walk along the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# sitting on rugs for saddles + +These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey's back to make the rider more comfortable. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/11.md b/jdg/05/11.md index 1a7f9a0484..a5f1831cc8 100644 --- a/jdg/05/11.md +++ b/jdg/05/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The song of Deborah and Barak continues. -## translationNotes +# Hear the voices of those -* The song of Deborah and Barak continues. +Here "voices" represents the people singing. AT: "Listen to those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# went down to the city gates + +Here "gates" represents the whole city. AT: "returned to their cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/12.md b/jdg/05/12.md index 28891d7b23..71f9caff4c 100644 --- a/jdg/05/12.md +++ b/jdg/05/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## translationNotes +# Awake, awake -* Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Awake, awake** - This word is repeated to add emphasis to it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Deborah** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:04]]. -* **Barak... Abinoam** - See how you translated these names in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **to me among the warriors** - The word "me" refers to Deborah. +Possible speakers are 1) the people of Israel or 2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or 3) the poet who wrote the song. + +# Deborah + +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md). + +# Barak ... Abinoam + +See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). + +# to me with the warriors + +The word "me" refers to Deborah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/14.md b/jdg/05/14.md index ce617f92c2..22521a2d8d 100644 --- a/jdg/05/14.md +++ b/jdg/05/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek -* [[en:tw:Amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +The people of Ephraim living in the land where the descendants of Amalek originally lived is spoken of as if the people of Ephraim were planted and their roots grew into the land. AT: "from Ephraim, that land where the descendants of Amalek once lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# followed you -* **from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek ** - People are said to have roots in an area if that is their home and where their family has developed, and the land where they live is often named after one of their ancestors. A tree growing from its root is used to describe the growing of a family. AT: "from the tribe of Ephraim, who are descended from Amalek" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Machir** - This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **those who carry an officer's staff** - Military leaders are described by the symbol of their authority. AT: "military leaders" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "you" refers to the people of Ephraim. It can be stated in third person. AT: "followed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Machir + +This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# from Zebulun those who carry an officer's staff + +Military leaders are described by the staff, a symbol of their authority. AT: "military leaders from Zebulun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/15.md b/jdg/05/15.md index 0b392cf7c5..cdecc0a081 100644 --- a/jdg/05/15.md +++ b/jdg/05/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# My princes in Issachar were with Deborah -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +Here "My" refers to Deborah. This whole statement can be translated in first person. AT: "My princes in Issachar were with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# Deborah -* **And my princes** - AT: "And Deborah's leaders" -* **Deborah** - See how you translated her name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:04]]. -* **Issachar** - AT: "the tribe of Issachar" -* **Barak** - See how you translated his name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **rushing after** - "following after" or "running after" -* **great searchings of heart** - The people of Reuben are described as searching the part of the body connected with emotional decisions, the heart. AT: "fearful decisions to make" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) The people of Reuben needed to decide if they were willing to go to war with Deborah and Barak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md). + +# Issachar was with Barak + +Here "Issachar" refers to the tribe of Issachar. AT: "the tribe of Issachar was with Barak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Barak + +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). + +# rushing after him into the valley under his command + +"obeying his command and rushing after him into the valley" + +# rushing after + +"following after" or "hurrying after" + +# there were great searchings of heart + +Here "heart" represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. AT: "there was a lot of discussing about what they should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/16.md b/jdg/05/16.md index 324b4cddc9..2405982701 100644 --- a/jdg/05/16.md +++ b/jdg/05/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks? -* [[en:tw:Reuben]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in the battle. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should have helped us fight, instead of staying at home and listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the fireplaces -* **Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks?** - This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in battle. AT: "Why did you sit around your fires listening to shepherds playing their pipes instead of preparing for battle?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **pipes** - a simple musical instrument, like a flute -* **searchings of heart** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:05:15]]. +Some versions of the Bible have the translation "the sheepfolds" or "the sheep pens." + +# there were great searchings of heart + +Here "heart" represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. See how you translated this in [Judges 5:15](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/17.md b/jdg/05/17.md index c96336af3a..db69219748 100644 --- a/jdg/05/17.md +++ b/jdg/05/17.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Gilead stayed -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:asher|Asher]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dan|Dan]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali|Naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun|Zebulun]] +Here "Gilead" the men from Gilead who should have gone to fight in battle. AT: "The men of Gilead stayed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the other side of the Jordan -* **And Dan, why did he wander about on ships?** - This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. AT: "The people of the tribe of Dan thought it was more important to explore the sea in ships." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **harbors** - places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept -* **Naphtali, also** - AT: "Naphtali, also, would risk their lives to the point of death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This refers to the east side of the Jordan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Dan, why did he wander about on ships? + +This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. AT: "the men of Dan should not have remained on their ships!" or "the people of the tribe of Dan did not help us in the battle. Instead they were wandering around on the sea in ships!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Dan, why did he + +Here "Dan" represents the men from Dan who should have gone to fight in battle. AT: "the men of Dan, why did they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wander about on ships + +The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Asher remained + +Here "Asher" represents the men who should have gone to fight in battle. AT: "The men of Asher remained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# harbors + +places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept + +# Naphtali, also + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "Naphtali was a tribe who would also risk their lives to the point of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/19.md b/jdg/05/19.md index 440827aba1..8e6b1aefa8 100644 --- a/jdg/05/19.md +++ b/jdg/05/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The kings came, they fought ... the kings of Canaan fought -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. AT: "The kings and their armies came and fought ... the kings of Canaan and their armies fought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# they fought ... fought -* **Kings came and fought** - The king of a people group is used to refer to the army he commands. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Taanach... Megiddo** - See how you translated these places in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:01:27]]. -* **plunder** - things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves. -* **From heaven the stars fought** - Even without help from the other tribes, God directed this battle from heaven like he directs the stars in the sky, and the rain too that affected this battle ([[:en:bible:notes:jdg:05:03]]). AT: "God directed the battle against Sisera like he directs the stars from heaven." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Sisera** - See how you translated his name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. +The word "us" is understood. AT: "they fought us ... fought us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Taanach ... Megiddo + +Translate the names of these places as you did in [Judges 1:27](../01/27.md). + +# no silver as plunder + +Here "silver" represents any treasure in general. AT: "no silver or other treasures as plunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# plunder + +things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves + +# From heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera + +Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# against Sisera + +Here "Sisera" represents himself and his whole army. AT: "Sisera and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Sisera + +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:2](../04/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/21.md b/jdg/05/21.md index 11de65e393..2323694b36 100644 --- a/jdg/05/21.md +++ b/jdg/05/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The Kishon River swept them away -* [[en:tw:hooves]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. AT: "The Kishon River flooded and swept away Sisera's soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Kishon -* **The Kishon River swept them away** - Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly and helped defeat Sisera's army and may have carried away many dead bodies. -* **Kishon** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **swept** - to push or carry something away -* **March on my soul** - Deborah refers to herself by the part of her connected with bravery. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Then the sound of horses' hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones** - This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. AT: "Then I heard the sound of the enemies' horses running away, driven by their strong soldiers." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **galloping** - when a horse runs. +See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). + +# March on my soul, be strong + +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. The word "my" refers to Deborah. AT: "I tell myself to march on and to be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Then the sound of horses' hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones + +This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. AT: "Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Sisera's mighty horses were running away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# galloping + +to run quickly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/23.md b/jdg/05/23.md index 84f101a69e..ab57e66571 100644 --- a/jdg/05/23.md +++ b/jdg/05/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Curse Meroz -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "Meroz" represents the people who lived there. AT: "Curse the people of Meroz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Meroz -* **Meroz** - The name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **inhabitants** - the people who live in a place -* **warriors** - AT: "men of war" or "soldiers" +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# inhabitants + +the people who live in a place \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/24.md b/jdg/05/24.md index 44a93a67a4..062a9134bf 100644 --- a/jdg/05/24.md +++ b/jdg/05/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jael -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:18](../04/17.md). -## translationNotes +# Heber -* **Jael** - See how you translated her name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:17]]. -* **Heber** - See how you translated his name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:11]]. -* **Kenite** - See how you translated the name of this people group in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:01:16]]. -* **a dish fit for princes** - This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md). + +# Kenite + +Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md). + +# brought him butter + +Here "butter" refers to curdled milk. This was the best milk and a favorite drink among Jael's people. AT: "brought him yogurt" or "brought him curds" + +# a dish fit for princes + +This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/26.md b/jdg/05/26.md index c5204fe0cd..a958ae3403 100644 --- a/jdg/05/26.md +++ b/jdg/05/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# She put her hand to the tent peg -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:skull]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"Jael grabbed the tent peg with her left hand" -## translationNotes +# tent peg -* **She put her hand to** - AT: "Jael reached for" -* **tent peg... pierced** - See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:21]]. -* **Sisera** - See how you translated his name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. -* **limp** - without strength or movement. -* **he was killed with violence** - AT: "she killed him with violence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md). + +# her right hand to the workman's hammer + +This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "she grabbed a hammer with her right hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# hammer + +This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md). + +# Sisera + +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 4:2](../04/01.md). + +# limp + +without strength or movement + +# he was violently killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she killed him" or "he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/28.md b/jdg/05/28.md index 5de5181bd4..8724a69084 100644 --- a/jdg/05/28.md +++ b/jdg/05/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the lattice -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:hooves]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] +This is a frame in the window made of crossed wood. -## translationNotes +# Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed? -* **Sisera** - See how you translated his name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. -* **lattice** - A structure made from strips of crossed wood. -* **Why have the hoofbeats of the horses...been delayed?** - The hoofbeats refer to the sound of Sisera's horses at his arrival. AT: "Why has Sisera's arrival been delayed?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed?** - Both questions are asked for the same purpose and say the same thing in different ways. They are both used to add emphasis to the mother of Sisera's sadness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Both of these questions mean the same thing. These two statements can be combined. AT: "Why is it taking Sisera so long to arrive home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# taken his chariot ... Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots + +Both of these represent Sisera. AT: "taken Sisera ... Why has he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/29.md b/jdg/05/29.md index 98d584ee5a..bba17f1782 100644 --- a/jdg/05/29.md +++ b/jdg/05/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# wisest princesses -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +A "princess" is the daughter of a king, but a "princess" can also mean female advisers to the king's family. AT: "wisest ladies" -## translationNotes +# she gave herself the same answer -* **princesses** - A "princess" is the daughter of a king, but a "princess" can also mean female advisers to the king's family. -* **Have they not found and divided up the plunder?** - Sisera's mother suggests that it is possible Sisera and his men have been delayed in coming back because they have many things to gather from their defeated enemies. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **A womb, two wombs for every man** - Women are referred to as the part of their body connected with pregnancy. Sisera's mother believes Sisera's men have captured many women. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Sisera** - See how you translated his name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:01]]. -* **dyed fabric** - "colored cloth" or "colored clothes" -* **embroidered** - "nicely stitched" -* **for the necks of those who plunder** - Sisera's soldiers are referred to by the place on their bodies where the plundered clothes will be placed. AT: "for the necks of the soldiers who plunder." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"she said to herself the same thing" + +# Have they not found and divided up the plunder? + +The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. AT: "They must have so much plunder that it is taking a long time to divide it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# A womb, two wombs for every man ... of those who plunder? + +The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. AT: "There must be a womb, two wombs for every man ... of those who plunder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# A womb, two wombs for every man + +Here "womb" represents a woman. Sisera's mother believes Sisera's men have captured many women. AT: "Each soldier will receive a woman or two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# dyed fabric + +"colored cloth" or "colored clothes" + +# embroidered + +"nicely stitched" + +# for the necks of those who plunder + +Here "necks" represents Sisera's soldiers. AT: "for the soldiers who plunder to wear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/31.md b/jdg/05/31.md index 84aef14f3a..220512adcb 100644 --- a/jdg/05/31.md +++ b/jdg/05/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# like the sun when it rises in its might -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation's army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# the land had peace -* **let those who love him** - "let those who love Yahweh" -* **like the sun when it rises in its might** - The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation's army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. AT: "too powerful to be defeated" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the land had peace** - The people of Israel are referred to by the land where they live. AT: "and the people of Israel had peace" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for forty years** - "for 40 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here "the land" represents the people of Israel. AT: "and the people of Israel lived peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for forty years + +"for 40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/intro.md b/jdg/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..210eba0359 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Judges 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The flood ##### + +God caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban's chariots making +them vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/01.md b/jdg/06/01.md index e828a5f23a..68dde10bde 100644 --- a/jdg/06/01.md +++ b/jdg/06/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the hand of Midian -* **what was evil in Yahweh's sight** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:02:11]]. -* **The power of Midian oppressed Israel** - God allowed the people of Midian to treat the people of Israel harshly. AT: "The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and oppressed them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **dens** - places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter. +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. Also, "hand" represents control. AT: "the control of the people of Midian" or "the control of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The power of Midian oppressed Israel + +Here "the power of Midian" refers to the people of Midian. AT: "The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dens + +places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/03.md b/jdg/06/03.md index 205af1770c..6505d7e7de 100644 --- a/jdg/06/03.md +++ b/jdg/06/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They would set up their army -* [[en:tw:Amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] - -## translationNotes - -* This chunk does not have any notes. +"The army would encamp" or "The army would set up their tents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/05.md b/jdg/06/05.md index bf1c785672..8afb700227 100644 --- a/jdg/06/05.md +++ b/jdg/06/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase "came up" when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. AT: "Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel" -## translationNotes +# they would come as a swarm of locusts -* **When they and their livestock** - "When the Midianites and their livestock" -* **they would come as a swarm of locusts** - The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **it was impossible to count** - This is a way to express the number is very great. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# it was impossible to count + +This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Midian weakened + +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# called out to Yahweh + +This is an idiom. AT: "prayed to Yahweh for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/07.md b/jdg/06/07.md index 53548a7071..2cacd10f76 100644 --- a/jdg/06/07.md +++ b/jdg/06/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# called out to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is an idiom. AT: "prayed to Yahweh for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# because of Midian -* **the house of slavery** - The word "house" is used to describe an area people live in with a certain characteristic. Egypt is called a house of slavery because when the people of Israel lived in that place, they were slaves. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. AT: "because of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I brought you up from Egypt + +"I led you out of Egypt" + +# the house of slavery + +Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. AT: "the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/09.md b/jdg/06/09.md index d34821c645..b18d2a2b15 100644 --- a/jdg/06/09.md +++ b/jdg/06/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# from the hand -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In this phrase "hand" represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# obeyed my voice -* **obeyed my voice** - Yahweh refers to himself by what is used to give a command. AT: "not obeyed my command" or "not obeyed me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +- Here "my voice" represents what Yahweh commanded. AT: "obeyed my command" or "obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/11.md b/jdg/06/11.md index 2deb624787..f327369d1b 100644 --- a/jdg/06/11.md +++ b/jdg/06/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Joash]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# the angel of Yahweh -* **the angel of Yahweh** - In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. AT: "Yahweh who appeared as an angel" or "Yahweh" -* **Ophrah** - This is the name of a town. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Abiezrite** - A people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. AT: "Yahweh, who appeared as an angel," or "Yahweh" + +# Ophrah + +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abiezrite + +This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor + +This is a process called "threshing." Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant. + +# appeared to him + +"went to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/13.md b/jdg/06/13.md index bc340b1bb2..03eb4885c5 100644 --- a/jdg/06/13.md +++ b/jdg/06/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my master -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Gideon uses the word "master" as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man. -## translationNotes +# Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, 'Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?' -* **my master** - Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize this Yahweh in the form of an angel. -* **given us over to the power of Midian** - AT: "allowed us to be defeated in battle and ruled by the people from Gideon" +Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger's statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# gave us into the hand of Midian + +The phrase "gave us into" means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. AT: "allowed the Midianites to defeat us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# gave us into the hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of Midian + +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. AT: "of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/14.md b/jdg/06/14.md index ed4b211554..fcd404937c 100644 --- a/jdg/06/14.md +++ b/jdg/06/14.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh looked at him -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +"Yahweh looked at Gideon" -## translationNotes +# from the hand -* **Yahweh looked at him** - "Yahweh looked at Gideon" -* **Have I not sent you?** - "I, Yahweh, have sent you!". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Please, Lord** - "Please, Yahweh, I cannot possibly deliver your people, Israel!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] ) -* **See...** - To understand something is often described as being able to see it. AT: “Please understand...” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "hand" represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of Midian + +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. AT: "of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Have I not sent you? + +Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here "sent" means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. AT: "I, Yahweh, am sending you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Please, Lord + +Gideon now calls the person "Lord" instead of "my master" as in [Judges 6:13](./13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh. + +# how can I deliver Israel? + +Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. AT: "I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See + +"Please understand" or "Listen" + +# in Manasseh + +"in the tribe of Manasseh" + +# in my father's house + +Here "house" represents a family. AT: "in my father's family" or "in my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/16.md b/jdg/06/16.md index 22f8477187..f4a87d2fd4 100644 --- a/jdg/06/16.md +++ b/jdg/06/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will be with you -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Here "be with you" is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# as one man -* **set it before you** - This describes a way to offer something to someone else. "place it in front of you" +You can state the full meaning explicitly. AT: "as easily as if you were fighting only one man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# set it before you + +"place it in front of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/19.md b/jdg/06/19.md index 7045231721..82f94f1f92 100644 --- a/jdg/06/19.md +++ b/jdg/06/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# from an ephah of flour -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalvolume]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalvolume|ephah]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. AT: "with 22 liters of flour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# broth -* **broth** - water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it. -* **them to him** - “them to the angel of God” -* **angel of God** - This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. AT: "God who was in the form of an angel" or "God" +water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it + +# them to him + +"them to the angel of God" + +# angel of God + +This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. AT: "God, who was in the form of an angel" or "God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/21.md b/jdg/06/21.md index 94308fbd02..ec808a9280 100644 --- a/jdg/06/21.md +++ b/jdg/06/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# angel of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# went away -* **angel of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:06:11]]. +"disappeared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/22.md b/jdg/06/22.md index 4b9c6fc85b..5418b4bfdd 100644 --- a/jdg/06/22.md +++ b/jdg/06/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# angel of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# Ah, Lord Yahweh! -* **angel of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:06:11]]. -* **face to face** - This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. AT: "as one sees when visiting with another person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Ophrah** - See how you translated the name of this town in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:11]]. -* **Abiezrites** - See how you translated the name of this people group in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:11]]. +The word "Ah" here shows that Gideon was very frightened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# seen the angel of Yahweh face to face + +This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. AT: "really seen the angel of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh said to him + +Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# To this day + +This means to the time when the book of Judges was written. + +# Ophrah + +Translate the name of this town as you did in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). + +# the clan of Abiezer + +Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/25.md b/jdg/06/25.md index 02cad3681c..661e47e1c9 100644 --- a/jdg/06/25.md +++ b/jdg/06/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a second bull -* [[en:tw:Baal]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +The word "second" is the ordinal number for "two." AT: "another bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# that is beside it -* **that is beside it** - "that is beside the altar of Baal" -* **constructed in the correct way** - "built according to the Law of Moses for sacrificing burnt offerings" +"that is beside the altar of Baal" + +# on the top of this place of refuge + +The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites. + +# construct it the correct way + +"place the stones in an orderly manner" or "and build it properly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/27.md b/jdg/06/27.md index 144d34fb54..1c5ef4ce28 100644 --- a/jdg/06/27.md +++ b/jdg/06/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# did as Yahweh had told him -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes - -* **did as Yahweh had told him** - This refers to Yahweh's command in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:06:25]]. +This refers to Yahweh's command in [Judges 6:25-26](./25.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/28.md b/jdg/06/28.md index 59310a21bd..8bfc4ab842 100644 --- a/jdg/06/28.md +++ b/jdg/06/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# got up -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] +"got up out of bed" or "woke up" -## translationNotes +# the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built -* **got up** - AT: "got up out of bed" or "woke up" -* [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:27]] ]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/30.md b/jdg/06/30.md index 4be51c5b7d..aefc5a047e 100644 --- a/jdg/06/30.md +++ b/jdg/06/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# he may be put to death -* [[en:tw:Baal]] -* [[en:tw:Joash]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes - -* **he may be put to death** - AT: "we may kill him as punishment" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we may kill him as punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/31.md b/jdg/06/31.md index 0c56ec4697..c35b9f516f 100644 --- a/jdg/06/31.md +++ b/jdg/06/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Will you plead the case for Baal? -* [[en:tw:Joash]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gideon]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. AT: "You should not have to defend Baal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# plead the case -* **Will you plead the case for Baal?** - This question is asked to express the people should not defend Baal. AT: "You should not defend Baal." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **plead the case** - AT: "make a defense" or "give an excuse" -* **Will you save him?** - This question is asked to express the people should not try to save Baal. AT: "You should not try to save Baal." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Jerub Baal** - This is the name of a man. It means "let Baal defend himself". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **because he said** - "because Joash said" +"make a defense" or "give an excuse" + +# Will you save him? + +Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. AT: "You should not have to save Baal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Jerub Baal + +This is another name for Gideon. It means "let Baal defend himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# because he said + +"because Joash said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/33.md b/jdg/06/33.md index effb79fb0f..110c6cc3b7 100644 --- a/jdg/06/33.md +++ b/jdg/06/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:Amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:JordanRiver]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# gathered together -* **gathered together** - "gathered together as an army" +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "gathered together as an army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/34.md b/jdg/06/34.md index 674a18bae9..c819bf4de3 100644 --- a/jdg/06/34.md +++ b/jdg/06/34.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# came over Gideon -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +This is an idiom. AT: "took control of Gideon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# clan of Abiezer -* **covered Gideon** - To be covered by God's spirit describes God's influence as well as protection. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **clan of Abiezer** - "Abiezrites" See how you translated the name of this people group in [[ en:bible:notes:jdg:06:11]]. +Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). + +# so they might follow him + +The words "to battle" are understood. AT: "so they might follow him to battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# and they too, were called out to follow him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "calling them out to follow him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali + +These all represent the people of each tribe. AT: "to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/36.md b/jdg/06/36.md index 933390e315..e08eff2e62 100644 --- a/jdg/06/36.md +++ b/jdg/06/36.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# woolen fleece -* [[en:tw:gideon]] -* [[en:tw:gideon|Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:thresh|thresh, threshing floor]] +the woolly coat of a sheep -## translationNotes +# dew -* **Look** - To look at something is often associated with asking for agreement on a matter. AT: "Please agree with what I am doing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **woolen fleece** - the wooly coat of a sheep. -* **dew** - water that forms on plants during the night. -* **I will know that you will** - Gideon asks God to do what is impossible to prove his intention. AT: "through that miracle, I will know that you will" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +water that forms on plants during the night + +# then I will know that you will + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/38.md b/jdg/06/38.md index 40a9086ea6..11ad0071fa 100644 --- a/jdg/06/38.md +++ b/jdg/06/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Gideon rose -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +"Gideon got out of bed" -## translationNotes +# wrung -* **Gideon rose** - "Gideon woke up" -* **wrung** - to twist and squeeze something to remove water. +twist and squeeze something to remove water \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/39.md b/jdg/06/39.md deleted file mode 100644 index 53a23b11ab..0000000000 --- a/jdg/06/39.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:test]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes in this chunk. diff --git a/jdg/06/intro.md b/jdg/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7f6656fc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Judges 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8) + +##### Special concepts in this chapter ##### + +##### Israel's punishment ##### +In Judges, Israel's actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/01.md b/jdg/07/01.md index 65ba31b4b0..ca64891c67 100644 --- a/jdg/07/01.md +++ b/jdg/07/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jerub Baal -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). -## translationNotes +# they encamped -* **Jerub Baal** - See how you translated his name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:31]]. -* **spring of Harod...hill of Moreh** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"they set up their camp" + +# spring of Harod ... hill of Moreh + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The camp of Midian was to their north + +Here "Midian" represents the Midianite army. AT: "The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/02.md b/jdg/07/02.md index 4df20e05e3..4459571ffc 100644 --- a/jdg/07/02.md +++ b/jdg/07/02.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# for me to give you victory over the Midianites -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +The word "victory" is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. AT: "for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites" or "for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Our own power has saved us -* **proclaim in the ears of the people** - The people are referred to by the part of their body used to hear. AT: "proclaim to the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles** - Both of these phrases have the same meaning. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **trembles** - This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. "shakes with fear" -* **let him return** - AT: "let him return to his home" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Mount Gilead ** - This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "power" represents the people themselves. AT: "We have saved ourselves without God's help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# proclaim in the ears of the people + +Here "the ears" refers to the whole person. AT: "proclaim to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles + +Both of these phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# trembles + +This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. AT: "shakes with fear" + +# let him return + +You can make explicit where he will go. AT: "let him return to his home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Mount Gilead + +This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty-two thousand + +"22,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ten thousand remained + +The word "people" or "men" is understood. AT: "10,000 people remained" or "10,000 men remained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# ten thousand + +"10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/04.md b/jdg/07/04.md index 526d5cb995..ad065ebbd5 100644 --- a/jdg/07/04.md +++ b/jdg/07/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# I will make their number smaller for you there -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:water]] - -## translationNotes - -* **I will make their number smaller for you there** - The army is referred to by its number of men. AT: "At the spring, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men" +Here "number" represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/05.md b/jdg/07/05.md index a9d431bd85..c712cd499a 100644 --- a/jdg/07/05.md +++ b/jdg/07/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Gideon brought -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The word "brought" can be translated as "took" or "led." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## translationNotes +# laps -* **Three hundred men** - "300 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +to drink by licking with the tongue + +# Three hundred men + +"300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/07.md b/jdg/07/07.md index d7400f8075..68135c2cb7 100644 --- a/jdg/07/07.md +++ b/jdg/07/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# three hundred men -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +"300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# I will rescue you and give you victory -* **three hundred men** - "300 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here "you" is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# So those who were chosen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So those whom Yahweh chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# took their supplies and their trumpets + +Here "their" refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/09.md b/jdg/07/09.md index 645ecd3857..abac9c29ff 100644 --- a/jdg/07/09.md +++ b/jdg/07/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here "camp" refers to the whole Midianite army. The word "victory" is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. AT: "Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them" or "Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# afraid to go down -* **Attack the camp** - The Midianite army is referred to by their camp. AT: "Attack the Midianites at their camp" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **afraid to go down** - AT: "afraid to go down to attack" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Purah** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **your courage will be strengthened** - "you will be encouraged" -* **guardposts** - places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army. +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "afraid to go down to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Purah + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your courage will be strengthened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what you hear will be encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# guard posts + +places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/12.md b/jdg/07/12.md index 63dbcdd2f1..54c7a5b63c 100644 --- a/jdg/07/12.md +++ b/jdg/07/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# as thick as a cloud of locusts -* [[en:tw:Amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Here "cloud" means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# Their camels were more ... in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore -* **as thick as a cloud of locusts** - The army camp is compared to a swarm of locusts because there are many people camped in a small area. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **they were more in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore ** - AT: "There were a great number of camels." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Their camels were more than could be counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their camels were more than anyone could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/13.md b/jdg/07/13.md index e8dff92671..5b41f2ea76 100644 --- a/jdg/07/13.md +++ b/jdg/07/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Joash]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:barley]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Here "the sword of Gideon" refers to Gideon's army attacking. AT: "The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# God has given him victory over Midian -* **the sword of Gideon** - The attack is described as the weapon used by Gideon during battle. The army is referred to by their leader Gideon. AT: "the attack of Gideon's army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. AT: "God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/15.md b/jdg/07/15.md index 4860ad8193..4a3750d883 100644 --- a/jdg/07/15.md +++ b/jdg/07/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# three hundred men -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] - -## translationNotes - -* **three hundred men** - "300 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/17.md b/jdg/07/17.md index 23a96b3b28..3c6e359b8d 100644 --- a/jdg/07/17.md +++ b/jdg/07/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# For Yahweh and for Gideon! -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes in this chunk. +The words "we fight" are implied. AT: "We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/19.md b/jdg/07/19.md index e8487618c4..b87ac9a8ae 100644 --- a/jdg/07/19.md +++ b/jdg/07/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# hundred men -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +"100 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# right at the beginning of the middle watch -* **hundred men** - "100 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o'clock at night. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/20.md b/jdg/07/20.md index 21c4825558..bed1bc3e00 100644 --- a/jdg/07/20.md +++ b/jdg/07/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:run]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] - -## translationNotes - -* **sword of Yahweh and of Gideon** - The word "sword" is used to refer to the army that Yahweh and Gideon lead. The people in the army call themselves swords because that is what they use to fight. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "sword" refers to their fighting. AT: "We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/22.md b/jdg/07/22.md index cb54e6cb59..213d712371 100644 --- a/jdg/07/22.md +++ b/jdg/07/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# three hundred trumpets -* [[en:tw:Asher]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:Naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +"300 trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh set every Midianite man's sword against his comrades -* **three hundred trumpets** - "300 trumpets" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades** - The swords of the Midianite men are used to refer to their attack with the use of the sword. AT: "Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Beth Shittah...Zererah...Abel Meholah...Tabbath.** - These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "sword" refers to their attack with the use of the sword. AT: "Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Beth Shittah ... Zererah ... Abel Meholah ... Tabbath + +These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/24.md b/jdg/07/24.md index 0a1e1b84a1..a02051900d 100644 --- a/jdg/07/24.md +++ b/jdg/07/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Barah -* [[en:tw:Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:JordanRiver]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River -* **Beth Barah** - This is the name of a town. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Oreb... Zeeb** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah" + +# at the rock of Oreb ... at the winepress of Zeeb + +The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Oreb ... Zeeb + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/intro.md b/jdg/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..56d6e85c74 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Judges 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Gideon continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God gets all of the credit ##### + +God said, "There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, 'Our own power has saved us.'" By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God's power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/01.md b/jdg/08/01.md index 53ffc0a463..8fe2823d77 100644 --- a/jdg/08/01.md +++ b/jdg/08/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# What is this you have done to us? -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gideon]] +The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You have not treated us fairly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# against Midian -* **What is this you have done to us?** - They used this question to make Gideon think about what he had done and to show their anger. AT: "You have not treated us fairly." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **they argued with him with force** - "they argued passionately with him" or "they rebuked him severely" +Here "Midian" represents the Midianite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they had a violent argument with him + +they argued angrily with him" or "they rebuked him severely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/02.md b/jdg/08/02.md index b101ed92f3..0cf19c654a 100644 --- a/jdg/08/02.md +++ b/jdg/08/02.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +Gideon replies to the men from Ephraim. -## translationNotes +# What have I done now compared to you? -* Gideon replies to the men from Ephraim. -* **Are not the gleanings of Ephraim's grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer?** - Gideon used this question to emphasize that the descendants of Ephraim had greater success in battle than the descendants of Abiezer. AT: “The grapes that were left over after you Ephraimites gathered your harvest are more than the whole harvest that we descendants of Abiezer gathered. (See: [[:/en/ta/vol1/translate/figs_rquestion]]) -* **Abiezer** - This is the name of one of Gideon's ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer's descendants and their land. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the princes of Midian** - Gideon said "princes of Midian" to refer to the the princes and their armies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Oreb and Zeeb** - See how you translated the names of these men in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:07:24]]. -* **What have I done now compared to you?** - Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim and emphasize they have done greater things than he has. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **accomplished** - AT: "been able to do" -* **died down** - "became less" +Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. AT: "I have done very little compared with what you have done!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are not the gleanings of Ephraim's grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? + +Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. AT: "Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are not the gleanings of Ephraim's grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? + +Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. AT: "What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Abiezer + +This is the name of one of Gideon's ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer's descendants and their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Oreb and Zeeb + +See how you translated these names in [Judges 7:25](../07/24.md). + +# What have I accomplished compared to you? + +Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "What you have done is more important than what I have done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# died down + +"became less" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/04.md b/jdg/08/04.md index 6fa3393594..64484a2e61 100644 --- a/jdg/08/04.md +++ b/jdg/08/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the three hundred men -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:succoth]] +"the 300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# kept up the pursuit -* **he and the three hundred men who were with him** - Gideon was the leader. This phrase clarifies that the three hundred men also went across the Jordan with him. AT: "he and the three hundred men who were with him crossed the Jordan" -* **the three hundred men** - "the 300 men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **kept up the pursuit** - "continued to chase their enemies" -* **Zebah and Zalmunna** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The word "pursuit," an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. AT: "continued to chase their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Zebah and Zalmunna + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/06.md b/jdg/08/06.md index 35bb786cd4..12a198e29d 100644 --- a/jdg/08/06.md +++ b/jdg/08/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand? -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:gideon]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:succoth]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. AT: "You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna -* **Have you already overpowered Zebah and Zalmunna?** - This question emphasizes that Gideon had not captured Zebah and Zalmunna. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **We do not know why we should give bread to your army** - They are refusing to help Gideon. AT: "We will not give bread to your army" or "Only if you overpower them first, we will give bread to your army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I will tear up your flesh with the desert thorns and briers** - The "desert thorns and briers" will be made into whips to use on the people of Succoth. AT: "I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **thorns and briers** - sharp, pointed pieces of vines or limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals +Here "hands" refer to the whole body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# now in your hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why should we give bread to your army? + +The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. AT: "We see no reason to give bread to your army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# thorns and briers + +sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/08.md b/jdg/08/08.md index 4789ba1d09..b4b63e09cd 100644 --- a/jdg/08/08.md +++ b/jdg/08/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He went up from there -* [[en:tw:Succoth]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +Here "He" refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. AT: "They left there" or "Gideon and his 300 men left there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Peniel -* **Penuel** - The name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and spoke to the people there in the same way** - AT: "and asked for food there in the same way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **When I come again in peace** - The word "peace" refers to the time after Gideon has defeated the other kings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# spoke to the people there in the same way + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "asked for food there in the same way" or "he also asked them for food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# When I come again in peace + +This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. AT: "After I have completely defeated the Midian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I will pull down this tower + +Here "I" refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. AT: "My men and I will pull down this tower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/10.md b/jdg/08/10.md index 9322ba6338..d146b16bc4 100644 --- a/jdg/08/10.md +++ b/jdg/08/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Zebah and Zalmunna -* **Zebah and Zalmunna** - See how you translated these men's names in (See: [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:08:04]]) -* **Karkor** - The name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **there had fallen** - A person who dies in battle is described as a person who has fallen. AT: "there had been killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **who had drawn the sword** - AT: "who had fought in the war" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](./04.md). + +# Karkor + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fifteen thousand men + +"15,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# had fallen + +This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. AT: "had been killed" or "had died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# 120,000 men + +"one hundred thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# men who were trained to fight with the sword + +This is a way of referring to soldiers. AT: "soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with the sword + +Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/11.md b/jdg/08/11.md index e6af97cf2f..d6f3eca695 100644 --- a/jdg/08/11.md +++ b/jdg/08/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Gideon went up -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Here "Gideon" represents himself and all of his soldiers. AT: "Gideon and his soldiers went up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# He defeated -* **Nomad** - people who travel from place to place to find areas where their flocks and herds can eat grass and drink water. -* **Nobah and Jogbehah** - These are names of towns. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zebah and Zalmunna** - See how you translated their names in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:08:04]]. -* **panic** - extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally. +Here "He" refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. AT: "Gideon and his soldiers defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Nobah and Jogbehah + +These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zebah and Zalmunna + +See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](./04.md). + +# panic + +extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/13.md b/jdg/08/13.md index afaad8d430..b2f275f681 100644 --- a/jdg/08/13.md +++ b/jdg/08/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the pass of Heres -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Joash]] -* [[en:tw:Succoth]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] +This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# He ran into a young man -* **the Pass of Heres** - This is the name of a road that passes between a mountain range. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He ran into a young man** - To run into someone is a phrase that means to unexpectedly meet someone during a journey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **seventy-seven men** - seven men** - "77 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "He met a young man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sought advice from him + +It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. AT: "he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# seventy-seven men + +"77 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/15.md b/jdg/08/15.md index 8b6fb240dc..31a51647de 100644 --- a/jdg/08/15.md +++ b/jdg/08/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Zebah and Zalmunna -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:succoth]] +See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](./04.md). -## translationNotes +# Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? -* **Zebah and Zalmunna** - See how you translated this men's names in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:08:04]]. -* **Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? We do not know that we should give bread to your army** - AT: 'You have not caught Zebah and Zalmunna yet! After you catch them, we will give your exhausted men some food.'~" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **thorns and briers** - sharp, pointed pieces of vines or limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. -* **Penuel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:08:08]]. +Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. AT: "You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Gideon took ... he punished ... he pulled + +Here "Gideon" represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "Gideon and his soldiers took ... they punished ... they pulled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# thorns and briers + +These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](./06.md). + +# Peniel + +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 8:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/18.md b/jdg/08/18.md index 0d88e8402f..8ae24202de 100644 --- a/jdg/08/18.md +++ b/jdg/08/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Zebah and Zalmunna -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](./04.md). -## translationNotes +# Tabor -* **Zebah and Zalmunna** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:08:04]]. -* **Tabor** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:04:06]]. -* **As you are, so were they** - AT: "They were just like you" -* **As Yahweh lives** - a religious oath that what he is about to say is true. It is used for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). + +# As you are, so were they + +"They were just like you" + +# As Yahweh lives + +This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. AT: "I promise you that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/20.md b/jdg/08/20.md index 283bfa6794..fd5aee12d2 100644 --- a/jdg/08/20.md +++ b/jdg/08/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jether -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is the name of Gideon's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# For as the man is, so is his strength -* **Jether** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **for as the man is, so is his strength.** - A man's son is referred to as his strength. AT: "For as the man is, so is his son." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **crescent** - a curved shape with two points. This shape is made by the moon when it is mostly covered in shadow. -* **ornaments** - "decorations" +This is an idiom. AT: "It is a job for a man to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# crescent + +This is a curved shape with two points. This shape occurs when the moon is mostly covered in shadow. + +# ornaments + +"decorations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/22.md b/jdg/08/22.md index a803f5e4c6..d265e8fd8f 100644 --- a/jdg/08/22.md +++ b/jdg/08/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you, your son, and your grandson -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This implies that they want Gideon's descendants to rule over them after he dies. AT: "you and your descendants after you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the hand of Midian -* **you, your son, and your grandson** - AT: "you and your descendants, - after you die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Here "hand" represents the power of Midian over Israel. AT: "from the power of Midian" or "from Midian" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of Midian + +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. AT: "of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/24.md b/jdg/08/24.md index 639b80c78b..67776f8ed2 100644 --- a/jdg/08/24.md +++ b/jdg/08/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Gideon said to them -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] +"Gideon said to the men of Israel" -## translationNotes +# earrings -* **Gideon said to them** - "Gideon said to the men of Israel" -* **earrings** - jewelry worn on the ear. -* **plunder** - things stolen by force. -* **cloak** - a piece of clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat. +jewelry worn on the ear + +# plunder + +things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war + +# The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites + +Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# cloak + +clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/26.md b/jdg/08/26.md index 9c6d024505..849af1e022 100644 --- a/jdg/08/26.md +++ b/jdg/08/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# 1,700 shekels of gold -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight|shekels]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] +"one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold." If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "18.7 kilograms of gold" or "about 20 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## translationNotes +# crescent ornaments -* **crescent ornaments** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:08:20]]. -* **pendants** - a piece of jewelry that hangs on the chain or cord of a necklace. +See how you translated this in [Judges 8:21](./20.md). + +# pendants + +pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces + +# that was worn by the kings of Midian + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the kings of Midian wore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/27.md b/jdg/08/27.md index 821d6e0353..26fc7780a6 100644 --- a/jdg/08/27.md +++ b/jdg/08/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod" -## translationNotes +# Ophrah -* **Ophrah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:11]]. -* **all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it** - The worship of the ephod is compared to prostitution because like a prostitute gives pleasure to men who are not her husband to get money, the Israelites have given worship to something that is not their God to have success. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **It became a trap** - The worship of the ephod is compared to a trap because they thought it was good but it was harmful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they did not raise their heads up again** - To have a raised head is associated with having confidence. They did not have confidence in their ability to attack Israel and defeat them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **forty years** - "40 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **in the days of Gideon** - The life of Gideon is referred to by the days that made up his life. AT: "During the life of Gideon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). + +# all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there + +This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. AT: "the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all Israel + +Here "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. AT: "very many people in Israel worshiped the garment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house + +This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter's snare that would trap them. AT: "It became a temptation for Gideon and his family" or "Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for those in his house + +Here "his house" represents Gideon's family. AT: "for his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel" or "So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they did not raise their heads up again + +This is an idiom. AT: "they did not attack Israel again" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So the land had peace + +Here "land" represents the people of Israel. AT: "So the Israelites lived peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the days of Gideon + +"during the life of Gideon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/29.md b/jdg/08/29.md index 170ae33bac..8e525fa764 100644 --- a/jdg/08/29.md +++ b/jdg/08/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jerub Baal -* [[en:tw:Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:Shechem]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). -## translationNotes +# seventy sons -* **Jerub Baal** - See how you translated his name in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:31]]. -* **seventy sons** - "70 sons" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"70 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/32.md b/jdg/08/32.md index b8d9566eed..dbea29dc33 100644 --- a/jdg/08/32.md +++ b/jdg/08/32.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# a good old age -* [[en:tw:Baal]] -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joash]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This is an idiom. AT: "when he was very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# was buried -* **a good old age** - AT: "very old" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Ophrah** - See how you translated the name of this place in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:11]]. -* **Abiezrites** - See how you translated the name of this people group in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:11]]. -* **turned again** - AT: "turned away from God" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals** - AT: gave themselves to worship the images of the god Baal, like adultresses leave their husbands and go to other men. . (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Baal Berith** - This is the name of a false god. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Ophrah + +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). + +# the clan of Abiezer + +Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). + +# It came about + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# turned again + +The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. AT: "they stopped worshiping Yahwheh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals + +This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. AT: "they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Baal-Berith + +This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/34.md b/jdg/08/34.md index 4fb771f41d..6b7f197cf0 100644 --- a/jdg/08/34.md +++ b/jdg/08/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# from the hand of all their enemies -* [[en:tw:Gideon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from the power of all their enemies" or "from all their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# on every side -* **on every side** - "who surrounded them" -* **Jerub Baal** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:31]]. +"who surrounded them" + +# the house of Jerub Baal + +Here "the house of" represents a person's family. AT: "the family of Jerub Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jerub Baal + +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/intro.md b/jdg/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c151f4dbd --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Judges 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Gideon concludes in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Succoth's refusal to help Gideon ##### +The men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Gideon refuses to be king ##### + +Gideon said to them, "I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you." Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone's plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/01.md b/jdg/09/01.md index 06f5a51c43..c20a6b02a7 100644 --- a/jdg/09/01.md +++ b/jdg/09/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jerub Baal -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). -## translationNotes +# Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, 'Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?' -* **Jerub Baal** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:31]]. -* **his mother’s relatives** - "the relatives of his mother" -* **seventy** - "70" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **I am your bone and your flesh.** - "I am a member of your family." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# seventy + +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# I am your bone and your flesh + +Here "your bone and your flesh" represents being someone's relative. AT: "I am a member of your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/03.md b/jdg/09/03.md index 66d3846e2b..5ac353593d 100644 --- a/jdg/09/03.md +++ b/jdg/09/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# His mother's relatives spoke for him to the leaders -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king. -## translationNotes +# they agreed to follow Abimelech -* **His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders** - This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders. -* **seventy ** - "70" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Baal Berith** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:08:32]]. -* **lawless and reckless** - "violent and foolish" or "disobedient and free of care" +"they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader" + +# the house + +Here "house" represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seventy pieces of silver + +This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. AT: "almost one kilo of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# seventy + +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Baal-Berith + +This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/32.md). + +# lawless and reckless + +"violent and foolish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/05.md b/jdg/09/05.md index acd67b40a2..37dabf9382 100644 --- a/jdg/09/05.md +++ b/jdg/09/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Ophrah -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). -## translationNotes +# one stone -* **Ophrah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:11]]. -* **one stone** - "1 stone" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **seventy ** - "70" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jerub Baal** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:31]]. -* **Beth Millo** - The name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"1 stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy + +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jerub Baal + +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). + +# Beth Millo + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/07.md b/jdg/09/07.md index 35c13470c2..49b334355d 100644 --- a/jdg/09/07.md +++ b/jdg/09/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +Jotham begins telling a parable where trees represent various people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# When Jotham was told about this -* Jotham begins telling his fable where trees represent various people groups. -* **Mount Gerizim** - This is a mountain. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. And they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’** - The trees are talked about as if they are people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Mount Gerizim + +This is a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, 'Reign over us.' + +In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to anoint a king over them + +Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. AT: "to appoint a king to rule over all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Reign over us + +"Be our king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/09.md b/jdg/09/09.md index da1486735c..23b893b694 100644 --- a/jdg/09/09.md +++ b/jdg/09/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups. -## translationNotes +# the olive tree said to them ... fig tree said to them -* Jotham continues telling his fable where trees represent various people groups. -* **olive tree** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Should I give up my oil...over other trees?** - The question is to make the point that he should not rule. AT: "I will not give up my oil ... over other trees." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **sway ** - This means to move back and forth in the wind. -* **trees** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **fig tree** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Should I give up my sweetness...over other trees?** - The question is to make the point that he should not rule. AT: "I will not give up my sweetness ... over other trees." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +In this parable, Jotham describes the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Should I give up my oil ... over the other trees? + +The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I will not give up my oil ... over the other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# sway over + +To "sway over" means to move back and forth in the wind. Here the tree uses this phrase to means to "rule over." + +# Should I give up my sweetness ... over the other trees? + +The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I will not give up my sweetness ... over the other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my sweetness and my good fruit + +The word "sweetness" is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. AT: "my good sweet fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/12.md b/jdg/09/12.md index ec5ea5f04b..3bb0869649 100644 --- a/jdg/09/12.md +++ b/jdg/09/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups. -## translationNotes +# The trees said to the vine -* Jotham continues telling his fable where trees represent various people groups. -* **trees** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **vine** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Should I give up my new wine...over other trees?** - The question is to make the point that he should not rule. AT: "I will not give up my new wine ... over other trees." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **thornbush** - Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has may sharp spikes along it's branches. +In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Should I give up my new wine ... over the other trees? + +The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I will not give up my new wine ... over the other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# thornbush + +Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/15.md b/jdg/09/15.md index a1b87dc112..f12f1610c8 100644 --- a/jdg/09/15.md +++ b/jdg/09/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups, and makes the application. -## translationNotes +# The thornbush said to the trees -* Jotham continues telling his fable where trees represent various people groups and makes the application. -* **thornbush ** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **If you truly want...** - This is only a possibility. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **safety** - "to be safe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon** - This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars. -* **if you have done well concerning Jerub Baal** - Jotham offer the possibility that they have treated Jerub Baal as he deserves. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Jerub Baal** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:31]]. +In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to anoint me as king over you + +To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. AT: "to appoint me as your king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# find safety + +The word "safety" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon + +This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars. + +# then let fire come out of the thornbush + +The thornbush refers to itself as "the thornbush." AT: "then may fire come out from me, the thornbush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# if you have done well concerning Jerub Baal and his house, and if you have punished him as he deserves + +Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. AT: "if you have done what is right and Jerub Baal deserved for you to kill all of his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Jerub Baal + +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). + +# his house + +Here "house" represents Gideon's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/17.md b/jdg/09/17.md index 79ba3e8d6a..47264248af 100644 --- a/jdg/09/17.md +++ b/jdg/09/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +Jotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place. -## translationNotes +# to think that my father fought for you ... out of the hand of Midian -* Jotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place. -* **fought** - This is the past tense of "fight". -* **seventy** - "70" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **one stone** - "1 stone" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem. + +# out of the hand of Midian + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from the power of the Midianites" or "from the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have risen up against + +This is an idiom. AT: "you have opposed" or "you have rebelled against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my father's house + +Here "house" represents family. AT: "my father's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seventy + +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one stone + +"1 stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# his female servant + +Here "his" refers to Gideon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/19.md b/jdg/09/19.md index fb7d919464..663013b2c9 100644 --- a/jdg/09/19.md +++ b/jdg/09/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. AT: "If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# Jerub Baal -* **If then you acted ...** - Jotham offers the possibility that what they did was good. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Jerub Baal** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:31]]. -* **But if not, let fire come** - Jotham offers the opposite possibility and applies a curse. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem** - This is a curse and means that a fire will destroy Abimelech. -* **Beth Millo** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:09:05]]. -* **Beer** - This is a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is another name for Gideon. It means "let Baal defend himself." See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). + +# his house + +Here "house" refers to family. AT: "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But if not + +Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. AT: "But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem + +Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech + +Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Beth Millo + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](./05.md). + +# Beer + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/22.md b/jdg/09/22.md index 5c22124cd1..13ca750eeb 100644 --- a/jdg/09/22.md +++ b/jdg/09/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# three -* [[en:tw:Shechem]] -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +"3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem -* **three ** - "3" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.** - This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble. -* **seventy** - "70" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jerub Baal** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:31]]. +This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem. + +# God did this so the violence done ... helped him murder his brothers + +The passive phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# seventy + +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jerub Baal + +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/25.md b/jdg/09/25.md index 3e5b969b93..96e9e15af6 100644 --- a/jdg/09/25.md +++ b/jdg/09/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +"sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech" -## translationNotes +# This was reported to Abimelech -* **lie in wait** - "hide and wait to attack" -* **ambush** - "attack by surprise" -* **This was reported to Abimelech.** - This means that some people reported to Abimelech about what happened. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/26.md b/jdg/09/26.md index b80fb907fc..1fa6ebe468 100644 --- a/jdg/09/26.md +++ b/jdg/09/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Gaal ... Ebed -* [[en:tw:Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# had confidence in him -* **Gaal, Ebed** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They went out into the field** - "They" are Gaal and the men of Shechem. -* **trampled** - "crushed" or "stomped" +The word "confidence" is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb "trust." AT: "trusted him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They went out into the field + +Here "They" refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem. + +# they trampled on them + +They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# trampled + +"crushed" or "stomped" + +# in the house + +Here "house" represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/28.md b/jdg/09/28.md index 104fe1f247..9e1860be7d 100644 --- a/jdg/09/28.md +++ b/jdg/09/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Gaal ... Ebed -* [[en:tw:Shechem]] -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hamor]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). -## translationNotes +# Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? -* **Gaal, Ebed** - These are the names men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him?** - Gaal is rebuking them for allowing Abimelech to become their leader. AT: "We should not allow Abimelech to rule over us, and we should not serve him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? And is not Zebul his officer?** - He is using these facts to add to rebuking them for allowing him to become the leader. AT: "He is just the son of Jerub Baal and Zebul is just his officer." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Jerub Baal** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:31]]. -* **Zebul** - The name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Why should we serve him?** - "We should not serve him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. AT: "We should not serve Abimelech!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? + +Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as "Shechem" because Abimelech's mother was from Shechem. AT: "We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer? + +Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. AT: "He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Jerub Baal + +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). + +# Zebul + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem's father + +Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite. + +# Why should we serve Abimelech? + +Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. AT: "We should not serve Abimelech!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I wish that this people were under my command + +"I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/30.md b/jdg/09/30.md index 12d6d21c17..142772ac8e 100644 --- a/jdg/09/30.md +++ b/jdg/09/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Zebul -* [[en:tw:Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:Shechem]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] +See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](./28.md). -## translationNotes +# heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed -* **Zebul, Gaal, Ebed** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **his anger was kindled** - "his anger became great" or "his anger ignited" The writer compares anger to a starting a fire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in order to deceive** - This means messengers were sent to Abimelech for the purpose of misleading and betraying him. -* **stirring up the city** - This means that Gaal and his relatives are going to make a disturbance. The people of the city becoming aroused is compared to agitating liquid in a pot. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"heard what Gaal son of Ebed said" + +# Gaal ... Ebed + +See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). + +# his anger was kindled + +Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. AT: "he became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in order to deceive + +Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. AT: "secretly" + +# they are stirring up the city against you + +This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. AT: "they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the city + +Here "city" represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/32.md b/jdg/09/32.md index b9f5c5e7ca..6f9466560a 100644 --- a/jdg/09/32.md +++ b/jdg/09/32.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Zebul's messengers continue talking to Abimelech. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Zebul's messengers are continuing their talking to Abimelech. -* **an ambush** - "to hide in order to attack" -* **do whatever you can to them** - This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal. +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# an ambush + +"to hide and attack them suddenly" + +# do whatever you can to them + +This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/34.md b/jdg/09/34.md index 7a9bb31fab..b15893d110 100644 --- a/jdg/09/34.md +++ b/jdg/09/34.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all the men who were with him -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:abimelech|Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:shechem|Shechem]] +"all the men accompanying Abimelech" or "all the men fighting for Abimelech" -## translationNotes +# they set an ambush against Shechem -* **he and all the men who were with him** - "all the men accompanying Abimelech" or "all the men traveling with Abimelech" -* **ambush** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:09:32]]. -* **four** - "4" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Gaal, Ebed** - These are the names of men. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **stood in the entrance of the city gate** - "positioned at the door of the city gate" +Here "Shechem" represents the people of Shechem. AT: "they hid in order to attack the people of Shechem by surprise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dividing into four units + +"separating into 4 groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Gaal ... Ebed + +See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/36.md b/jdg/09/36.md index d09ff16b65..d17d9dfbfe 100644 --- a/jdg/09/36.md +++ b/jdg/09/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Gaal -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). -## translationNotes +# Zebul -* **Gaal, Zebul** - These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:09:26]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). -* **You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men. ** - Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal by saying this means that the shade on the hills looked similar to men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **one unit** - "1 group" or "1 troop" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](./28.md). + +# You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men + +Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. AT: "That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills" + +# one unit + +"1 group" or "1 troop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/38.md b/jdg/09/38.md index 842ab3997f..bfb4349c06 100644 --- a/jdg/09/38.md +++ b/jdg/09/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Zebul -* [[en:tw:Shechem]] -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](./28.md). -## translationNotes +# Where are your proud words now, you -* **Zebul** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:09:28]]. -* **"Where are your proud words now, you who said, 'Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?' Are these not the men you despised?** - Zebul is using Abimelech's previous words as sarcasm. AT: "You are not as proud now when you are facing these warrors!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **despised** - "hated" or "disliked" -* **Gaal** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:09:26]]. -* **And many fell with deadly wounds before the entrance to the city gate.** - This means that many men died of wounds in front of the city gate. +Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. AT: "You are not speaking proudly now, you" or "You are not proud now, you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you who said, 'Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?' + +Zebul is quoting Gaal's boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. AT: "you who said that we should not serve Abimelech." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Are these not the men you despised? + +Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Here are the men that you despised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# despised + +"hated" or "disliked" + +# Gaal + +See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). + +# Many fell with deadly wounds + +This is an idiom. AT: "And many men died of wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/41.md b/jdg/09/41.md index e07689720c..4dadc6c64e 100644 --- a/jdg/09/41.md +++ b/jdg/09/41.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Arumah -* [[en:tw:Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:Shechem]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Zebul -* **Arumah** - This is a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zebul** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:09:28]]. -* **Gaal** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:09:26]]. -* **three** - "3" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **ambush** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:09:32]]. +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](./28.md). + +# Gaal + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). + +# this was reported to Abimelech + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone reported this to Abimelech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# divided them into three units + +"separated them into 3 groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# they set an ambush in the fields + +"they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise" + +# he attacked + +Here "he" refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. AT: "they attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/44.md b/jdg/09/44.md index 0829704f29..10527fc5a0 100644 --- a/jdg/09/44.md +++ b/jdg/09/44.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the units -* [[en:tw:Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +"the groups of soldiers" -## translationNotes +# other two -* **units** - "groups" -* **two** - "2" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **tore down** - "demolished" +"other 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Abimelech fought ... He tore down + +Here "Abimelech" represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "Abimelech and his soldiers fought ... They tore down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# against the city + +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "against the people of Shechem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tore down + +"demolished" + +# spread salt over it + +"spread salt over the land." Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/46.md b/jdg/09/46.md index 890940fd51..186c9cda0b 100644 --- a/jdg/09/46.md +++ b/jdg/09/46.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the house -* [[en:tw:Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +Here this represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# El-Berith -* **El Berith** - Use a name similar to Baal Berith in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:08:32]] since this is referring to the temple of a Baal god. -* **Abimelech was told** - "Someone told Abimelech" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "El" means "god." This is the same false god as "Baal-Berith" in [Judges 8:33](../08/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abimelech was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Abimelech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/48.md b/jdg/09/48.md index eb6ae45ef9..6db18b9c48 100644 --- a/jdg/09/48.md +++ b/jdg/09/48.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Mount Zalmon -* [[en:tw:Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# piled -* **Mount Zalmon** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **piled** - This means to stack the branches into a large heap. -* **underground chamber** - This is a room that is below ground level. +This means to stack the branches into a large heap. + +# about a thousand men + +"about 1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/50.md b/jdg/09/50.md index 3e9d250ea7..c8b2a1c0ad 100644 --- a/jdg/09/50.md +++ b/jdg/09/50.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Thebez -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# encamped against Thebez -* **Thebez** - This is a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **encamped against Thebez and captured it** - "camped outside the city of Thebez and seized it." +"camped outside the city of Thebez" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/52.md b/jdg/09/52.md index 35c967d43a..6a757321d5 100644 --- a/jdg/09/52.md +++ b/jdg/09/52.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# fought against it -* [[en:tw:Abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +"attacked it" -## translationNotes +# upper millstone -* **upper millstone** - Two large round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone would have been the top one of these stones. -* **armor-bearer** - bearer** - This is the man who carried the weapons of Abilelech. -* **pierced him through** - This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech. +Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them. + +# armor-bearer + +This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech. + +# pierced him through + +This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/55.md b/jdg/09/55.md index 0553b8e703..02fa60093d 100644 --- a/jdg/09/55.md +++ b/jdg/09/55.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# seventy -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads -* **seventy** - "70" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **turn back on their own heads** - This means that God put the responsibility for the evil onto them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **on them came the curse of Jotham** - The curse of Jotham came true when God allowed all the killing. -* **Jerub Baal** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:06:31]]. +"Evil turn back on their heads" is an idiom. AT: "punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal + +This is an idiom. AT: "the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Jerub Baal + +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/intro.md b/jdg/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e1063a8679 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Judges 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jotham's curse ##### + +Gideon's son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon's other sons. "Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +=##### Important figures of speech in this chapter ##### + +##### Tree metaphor ##### +This chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/01.md b/jdg/10/01.md index 65611ac8a2..74cd6118f3 100644 --- a/jdg/10/01.md +++ b/jdg/10/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Tola ... Puah ... Dodo -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Shamir -* **Tola, Puah, Dodo** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shamir** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# arose to deliver Israel + +"came to deliver Israel" or "became the leader to deliver Israel" + +# deliver Israel + +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He judged Israel + +Here "judged" means he led the people of Israel. + +# twenty-three years + +"23 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/03.md b/jdg/10/03.md index 39890ec71e..2d44fc69b9 100644 --- a/jdg/10/03.md +++ b/jdg/10/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# He was followed by Jair the Gileadite -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Jair -* **Jair** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the Gileadite** - Jair was from the tribe of Gilead. -* **Havvoth Jair** - This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kamon** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Gileadite + +Jair was from the tribe of Gilead. + +# He judged Israel + +Here "judged" means he led the people of Israel. + +# Israel + +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# twenty-two years + +"22 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# thirty + +"30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Havvoth Jair + +This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to this day + +This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written. + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Kamon + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/06.md b/jdg/10/06.md index 7689b75083..2cea01ee68 100644 --- a/jdg/10/06.md +++ b/jdg/10/06.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. AT: "continued doing what Yahweh said was evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in the sight of Yahweh -* **in the sight of Yahweh** - AT: "while Yahweh was looking" or "even though Yahweh was their God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Ashtoreths** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:02:11]]. -* **They abandoned Yahweh** - "They left Yahweh" -* **Yahweh burned with anger** - AT: "Yahweh was very angry" (UDB) or "Yahweh was hot from his anger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **conquer** - "defeat" AT: "destroy" +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "according to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Ashtoreths + +This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:13](../02/11.md). + +# They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him + +The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. AT: "They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They abandoned Yahweh + +No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel + +Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. AT: "Yahweh was very angry at Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites + +Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into the hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/08.md b/jdg/10/08.md index 6d310c36fc..4e8bcd3143 100644 --- a/jdg/10/08.md +++ b/jdg/10/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# crushed and oppressed -* [[en:tw:Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. AT: "terribly oppressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# eighteen years -* **all the people of Israel** - This does not mean that everyone was personally oppressed, but that everyone was affected by it. -* **which is in Gilead** - AT: "this region is also called Gilead" -* **curshed and oppressed** - These two words refer to the same event and are repeated to emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **crushed** - "defeated" -* **Judah ... Benjamin ... house of Ephraim** - AT: "the people of the tribe of Judah ... the people of the tribe of Benjamin ... the people of the family of Ephraim" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **so that Israel was greatly distressed** - AT: "so that the people of Israel were very afraid" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"18 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who were beyond the Jordan + +This means on the east side of the Jordan River. + +# which is in Gilead + +"this region is also called Gilead" + +# Judah ... Benjamin + +"Judah" and "Benjamin" refer to the people belonging to those tribes. AT: "the people of the tribe of Judah ... the people of the tribe of Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# house of Ephraim + +The "house" refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. AT: "the people of the tribe of Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that Israel was greatly distressed + +"Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "so that the people of Israel suffered much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/10.md b/jdg/10/10.md index 09b6ef0786..6d73f32375 100644 --- a/jdg/10/10.md +++ b/jdg/10/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the people of Israel called out to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Baal]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help. -## translationNotes +# because we abandoned our God -* **abandoned** - "left" AT: "walked away from" -* **Maonites** - These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# abandoned our God + +The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as "our God." This can be stated in second person. AT: "abandoned you, our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Did I not deliver you ... Sidonians? + +God was rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I was the one who delivered you ... Sidonians." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Maonites + +These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# from their power + +Here "power" represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. AT: "from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/13.md b/jdg/10/13.md index a5d994ef33..d0fd37f7d3 100644 --- a/jdg/10/13.md +++ b/jdg/10/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# you abandoned me again -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you -* **I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you** - AT: "I will not deliver you again" or "I will stop delivering you" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +The phrase "keep adding to the times" is an idiom that means to continue to do something. You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Yahweh's saying. AT: "I will not keep on delivering you again and again" or "You can be sure that I will stop delivering you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/15.md b/jdg/10/15.md index 4f106d916b..0ac88b9949 100644 --- a/jdg/10/15.md +++ b/jdg/10/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# foreign gods among them -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. AT: "foreign gods whose images they possessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh could bear Israel's misery no longer -* **foreign gods they owned** - AT: "foreign gods whose images they owned" -* **And he became impatient over the misery Israel** - AT: "And he could not bear their suffering any longer" +Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. AT: "And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/17.md b/jdg/10/17.md index 64db123474..7ae4e01809 100644 --- a/jdg/10/17.md +++ b/jdg/10/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] - -## translationNotes +# Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites? +"Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/intro.md b/jdg/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff4d82754e --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Judges 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the account of Jephthah. (See: [Judges 10-12](./01.md)) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's punishment ##### +In Judges, Israel's actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/01.md b/jdg/11/01.md index 8a0413c901..40254a496d 100644 --- a/jdg/11/01.md +++ b/jdg/11/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Gileadite -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jephthah]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] +This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father's name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# When his wife's sons grew up -* **Gileadite** - This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. That is father's name is also Gilead is a coincidence. -* **Gilead was his father. Gilead’s wife also gave birth** - In these sentences, Gilead is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **When his wife’s sons grew up** - AT: "When his wife's sons became adults" -* **the land of Tob** - Tob is a city. AT: "the land surrounding the city of Tob" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they came and went with him** - AT: "they travelled with him" +"When the sons of Gilead's wife became adults" + +# the land of Tob + +Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they came and went with him + +"they followed him" or "they went everywhere together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/04.md b/jdg/11/04.md index e42c067766..5bfa852c02 100644 --- a/jdg/11/04.md +++ b/jdg/11/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Some days later -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jephthah]] +"Some time later" -## translationNotes +# made war against Israel -* **Some days later** - AT: "Some time later" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **land of Tob** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **that we may fight with** - AT: "so that we can fight against" +The phrase "made war" is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "attacked the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that we may fight with + +"so that we can fight against" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/07.md b/jdg/11/07.md index c6bfa832d3..854d549603 100644 --- a/jdg/11/07.md +++ b/jdg/11/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# my father's house -* [[en:tw:Ammon]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jephthah]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Here "house" refers to people living in the house. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# That is why we are turning to you now -* **my father's house** - AT: "my family" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "that" refers to what Jephthah said about about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "We are turning to you now because we are in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fight with the people of Ammon + +"fight against the people of Ammon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/09.md b/jdg/11/09.md index 2eb278bf6f..f77d708798 100644 --- a/jdg/11/09.md +++ b/jdg/11/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# leader and commander -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] +These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. AT: "commander" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made -* **leader and commander** - These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize how important Jephtah became. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **When he was before Yahweh** - AT: "When he was at a special place where people worship Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom. Here the phrase "before Yahwheh" means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. AT: "When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all the promises he made + +This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/12.md b/jdg/11/12.md index a4e0ae1fd5..fbc3c3615b 100644 --- a/jdg/11/12.md +++ b/jdg/11/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# What is this conflict between us -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jephthah]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +"Why is there conflict between us?" Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel. -## translationNotes +# Why have you come with force to take our land -* **with force to take** - "to wage ware in" or "with an army to take" -* **Arnon ... Jabbok** - These are the names of two rivers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in peace** - "peacefully" AT: "and do not try to defend them" +The word "you" refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "Why have your soldiers come to seize our land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# come with force to take + +"come to forcefully take" + +# Arnon ... Jabbok + +These are the names of two rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# over to the Jordan + +"on the other side of the Jordan River" + +# in peace + +"peacefully" or "and do not try to defend them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/14.md b/jdg/11/14.md index e54c889e63..9fcf3b8df3 100644 --- a/jdg/11/14.md +++ b/jdg/11/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he said -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:redsea|Red Sea, Sea of Reeds]] +Here the word "he" refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word "they" as in the UDB, referring to the group of messengers. AT: "Jephthah told the messengers to say" or "they said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they came up from Egypt -* **and he said** - AT: "and Jephtah told the messengers to say" or "and they said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **did not take** - "did not conquer" +Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going "up" to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. AT: "they left Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/17.md b/jdg/11/17.md index acdb57290d..9547da1d9f 100644 --- a/jdg/11/17.md +++ b/jdg/11/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:Moab]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] +Jephthah's messengers continue to speak. -## translationNotes +# When Israel sent messengers -* Jephthah's messengers continues to speak. -* **pass through** - "go through" or "cross" -* **the king of Edom would not listen** - AT: "the king of Edom did not let Israel to pass through his country" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They also send messengers to the king of Moab** - "They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **but he was not willing** - AT: "but he refused them too" or "but he did not allow Israel to pass through either" -* **Arnon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:11:12]]. +The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. AT: "When the leaders of Israel sent messengers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# pass through + +"go through" or "cross" + +# would not listen + +This phrase is an idiom that means to "refuse." AT: "refused" or "denied their request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They also sent messengers to the king of Moab + +The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. AT: "They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but he refused + +The king of Moab refused Israel's request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Arnon + +This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Judges 11:13](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/19.md b/jdg/11/19.md index ba5e4119c3..b3c568f3bb 100644 --- a/jdg/11/19.md +++ b/jdg/11/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Jephthah's messengers continue to speak. -## translationNotes +# Israel sent messengers to Sihon -* Jephthah's messengers continues to speak. -* **Sihon** - This is the name of a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Heshbon, Jahaz** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. AT: "When the leaders of Israel sent messengers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Sihon + +This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heshbon ... Jahaz + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory + +Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there he fought + +The word "he" refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. AT: "there they fought" or "there his army fought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/21.md b/jdg/11/21.md index 8af91c24da..7deafa4fec 100644 --- a/jdg/11/21.md +++ b/jdg/11/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jephthah's messengers continue to speak. -## translationNotes +# Sihon -* Jephthah's messengers continues to speak. -* **Sihon** - This is the name of a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **put all his people under their control** - AT: "put the people of Sihon under the control of the Israelites" -* **Arnon ... Jabbok** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:11:12]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 11:19](./19.md). + +# gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel + +Here "hand" refers to power to defeat in battle. AT: "gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Arnon ... Jabbok + +See how you translated the names of these rivers in [Judges 11:13](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/23.md b/jdg/11/23.md index 7a829e43f9..31ce4f0a15 100644 --- a/jdg/11/23.md +++ b/jdg/11/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jephthah's messengers continue to speak. -## translationNotes +# should you now take possession of their land? -* Jephthah's messengers continues to speak. -* **should you now take possession of their land?** - The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "therefore, you should not take possession of their land" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you?** - The implicit answer to this question is that they should only take land that they believe their god gave them. AT: "You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you" or "You would take land if you believe that Chemosch, your god, has given it to you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Chemosh** - The name of a false god. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Now are you really better than Balak (the son of Zippor), king of Moab?** - The implicit answer is "no." AT: "You are not better than Balak, the son of Zippor, who was king of Moab" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Balak ... Zippor** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Did he dare to have an argument with Israel?** - The implicit answer is "no." AT: "Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did he ever wage war against them?** - The implicit answer is "no." AT: "Nor did he ever wage war against them" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word "their" refers to the Israel. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "therefore, you should not take possession of their land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you? + +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# take over + +This is an idiom which means to take control of something. AT: "take control of" or "take possession of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Chemosh + +This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? + +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Balak ... Zippor + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Did he dare to have an argument with Israel? + +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. AT: "Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did he ever wage war against them? + +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. AT: "Nor did he ever wage war against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/26.md b/jdg/11/26.md index f4411783c1..bb8cc77182 100644 --- a/jdg/11/26.md +++ b/jdg/11/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jephthah]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jephthah's messengers continue to speak. -## translationNotes +# three hundred years -* Jephthah's messengers continues to speak. -* **three hundred years** - "300 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Heshbon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:11:19]]. -* **Aroer** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Arnon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:11:12]]. -* **why then did you not take them back during that time?** - This question is used to show that now it is too late to take back the land. AT: "you should have taken them back during that time" or "now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me** - Jephthah is telling the king of Ammon that he has not done anything bad to the Ammonites and they are bad to attack the Israelites. This is a warning to the king of Ammon. +"300 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Heshbon + +Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:19](./19.md). + +# Aroer + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Arnon + +Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:13](./12.md). + +# why then did you not take them back during that time? + +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "you should have taken them back during that time." or "now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me + +Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. AT: "The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# done you wrong ... doing me wrong + +This is an idiom. To do someone wrong means to do something wrong to them. AT: "treated you wrongly ... treating me wrongly" or "treated you unfairly ... treating me unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/29.md b/jdg/11/29.md index c1d5afd032..f92e1b7ab2 100644 --- a/jdg/11/29.md +++ b/jdg/11/29.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:jephthah]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthah's decisions. AT: "the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he passed through Gilead and Manasseh ... from Mizpah of Gilead -* **Mizpah** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh ... from Mizpah of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will offer it up + +This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. AT: "I will offer it to you" or "I will sacrifice it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/32.md b/jdg/11/32.md index d50bd04c71..47726ad001 100644 --- a/jdg/11/32.md +++ b/jdg/11/32.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# So Jephthah passed through ... Yahweh gave him victory ... He attacked -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. AT: "So Jephthah and his army passed through ... Yahweh gave them victory ... they attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Aroer -* **Aroer** - See how you translate this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:11:26]]. -* **Minnith, Abel Karamim** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 11:26](./26.md). + +# Minnith ... Abel Keramim + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty cities + +"including 20 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/34.md b/jdg/11/34.md index f4c5800532..51d61b74a8 100644 --- a/jdg/11/34.md +++ b/jdg/11/34.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# tambourines -* [[en:tw:jephthah]] -* [[en:tw:jephthah|Jephthah]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|oath, promise]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# he tore his clothes -* **tambourines** - Musical instruments you hold in one hand and shake to make a sound, often used to celebrate. -* **he tore his clothes** - This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. -* **You have crushed me with sorrow, and you have become one who causes me pain!** - These two statements show how much Jephthah felt sad about his oath. They are both expressing the same thing in two different ways. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **crushed me with sorrow** - "made me collapse on my knees" or "destroyed me with sadness" AT: "made me extremely sad" +This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. AT: "he tore his clothes from grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# You have crushed me with sorrow ... you have become one who causes me pain + +Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You have crushed me with sorrow + +Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. AT: "You have caused me great sorrow" or "You have filled me with sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have become one who causes me pain + +Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. AT: "you have become someone who troubles me" or "you cause me great distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I cannot turn back on my promise + +This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. AT: "I must do what I have promised" or "I cannot break my promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/36.md b/jdg/11/36.md index 2014d37cf2..845d138c58 100644 --- a/jdg/11/36.md +++ b/jdg/11/36.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Let this promise be kept for me -* **has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites** - AT: "has defeated your enemies, the Ammonies, for you" -* **Let this promise be kept for me** - AT: "Keep this promise for me" or "Keep this promise concerning me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **grieve over my virginity** - AT: "weep because I am a virgin" or "cry because I have never been married" +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "Keep this promise for me" or "Keep this promise concerning me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# grieve over my virginity + +"weep because I am a virgin" or "cry because I will never be married" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/38.md b/jdg/11/38.md index 4412607637..c0edfbb95c 100644 --- a/jdg/11/38.md +++ b/jdg/11/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the Gileadite -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the Gileadite** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:10:03]], but be sure to write it as for a woman if you language writes that differently. +This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/intro.md b/jdg/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..217a048740 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Judges 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Jephthah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jephthah the leader ##### +Jephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/01.md b/jdg/12/01.md index d393ef50c5..b78ab22ce6 100644 --- a/jdg/12/01.md +++ b/jdg/12/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A call went out to the men of Ephraim -* [[en:tw:Ammon]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:jephthah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Here the abstract noun "call" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "The men of Ephraim were called together" or "The men ... of Ephraim called together their soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Zaphon -* **Zaphon** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **passed through ... pass through** - "journeyed through ... journey through" or "traveled through ... travel through" -* **We will burn your house down over you** - "We will burn your house down over you with fire" -* **your house** - This refers to his physical house in which he lived. +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# passed through ... pass through + +or "traveled through ... travel" or "journeyed through ... journey" + +# We will burn your house down over you + +This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. AT: "We will burn your house down with you still in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# When I called you, you + +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# did not rescue me + +Jephthah uses the word "me" to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. AT: "do not rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/03.md b/jdg/12/03.md index 02b79a05ac..c26fb51935 100644 --- a/jdg/12/03.md +++ b/jdg/12/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# you did not rescue me -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "you" is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says "me." AT: "you did not rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# I put my life in my own strength -* **because they said, “You Gileadites are fugitives in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh”** - translations may read: "for the Gileadites, who were between Ephraim and Manasseh, said, "you are fugitives from Ephraim"." -* **You Gileadites are fugitives** - This is meant as an insult. AT: "You Gileadites are just people who came here to live." -* **Gileadites** - AT: "people from Gilead" +This is an idiom which means to risk one's life and to rely only on one's own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. AT: "We risked our lives, relying on our own strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh gave me victory + +Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh gave us victory over them" or "Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he fought against Ephraim + +The word "he" refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. AT: "they fought against Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Why have you come to fight against me + +The word "you" is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says "me." AT: "Why have you come to fight against us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You Gileadites are fugitives + +You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. AT: "You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# passed through against the people of Ammon + +This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Gileadites + +"people from Gilead" + +# in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh + +"in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh" or "in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh." Here "Ephraim" and "Manasseh" refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/05.md b/jdg/12/05.md index 9fa28136bc..a3d90a74ec 100644 --- a/jdg/12/05.md +++ b/jdg/12/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# to Ephraim -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] +"to the land of Ephraim" -## translationNotes +# The Gileadites captured -* **The Gileadites captured** - "The Gileadites took possession of" AT: "The Gileadites occupied" -* **fords** - Places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow. -* **Ephraimite** - AT: "person from Ephraim" -* **Shibboleth ... Sibboleth** - These words have no meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **pronounce** - "say" -* **forty-two thousand** - two thousand** - AT: "42000" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"The Gileadites controlled" or "The Gileadites occupied" + +# fords + +These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow. + +# Ephraimite + +"person from the tribe of Ephraim" + +# Shibboleth ... Sibboleth + +These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters "Sh" and "S" are translated differently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# pronounce + +"say" + +# Forty-two thousand + +"42,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/07.md b/jdg/12/07.md index d4cc208b2c..8460f3430c 100644 --- a/jdg/12/07.md +++ b/jdg/12/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jephthah]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Gileadite** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:10:03]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/08.md b/jdg/12/08.md index f9c7ef685b..b59b2b0fc6 100644 --- a/jdg/12/08.md +++ b/jdg/12/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Ibzan of Bethlehem -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] +This is the name of a man from Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# He gave away thirty daughters in marriage -* **Ibzan** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He gave away thirty daughters in marriage** - AT: "He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons** - AT: "he found thirty women that were the daughters of other men, and arranged for them to get married to his sons" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **from the outside** - AT: "none of the wives for his sons were from his own family" +Here "give away ... in marriage" is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. AT: "He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside + +The idiom "bring them in from the outside" means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. AT: "he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/10.md b/jdg/12/10.md index 4516a765a1..136b3d7561 100644 --- a/jdg/12/10.md +++ b/jdg/12/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# was buried at Bethlehem -* [[en:tw:Bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him in Bethlehem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Elon -* **Elon** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zebulunite** - Someone from the tribe of Zebulun. -* **Aijalon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:01:34]]. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zebulunite + +someone from the tribe of Zebulun + +# Aijalon + +Translate the name of this place the same way you did in [Judges 1:35](../01/34.md). + +# was buried in Aijalon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him in Aijalon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/13.md b/jdg/12/13.md index 795952aa1e..20d8344334 100644 --- a/jdg/12/13.md +++ b/jdg/12/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Abdon ... Hillel -* [[en:tw:Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Pirathonite ... Pirathon -* **Abdon...Hillel** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Pirathonite...Pirathon** - Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **forty...thirty...seventy...eight** - 40, 30, 70, 8. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They rode on seventy donkeys + +These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word "rode" is used instead of "owned." AT: "They owned seventy donkeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty sons ... thirty grandsons ... seventy donkeys + +"40 sons ... 30 grandsons ... 70 donkeys (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/intro.md b/jdg/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5101b445d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Judges 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter. + +##### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ##### + +##### Shibboleth ##### +This is a word in Hebrew, but it is usually left untranslated. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/01.md b/jdg/13/01.md index 53c6a944dd..7651e6af12 100644 --- a/jdg/13/01.md +++ b/jdg/13/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he gave them into the hand of the Philistines -* **in the sight of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:02:11]]. -* **forty years** - "40 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Zorah** - This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Manoah** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "hand" refers to power to gain victory in battle. AT: "he allowed the Philistines to defeat them" or "he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Zorah + +This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Danites + +people from the tribe of Dan + +# Manoah + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/03.md b/jdg/13/03.md index 877a3ce287..14107d7519 100644 --- a/jdg/13/03.md +++ b/jdg/13/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# give birth to a son -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:nazirite]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +This refers to childbirth. AT: "bear a son" or "have a baby boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# anything unclean -* **that the Law declares to be unclean** - AT: "that is unclean according to the Law" -* **No razor must come onto his head** - AT: "Do not let anyone use a razor on your son's head." The important part is that his hair must not be cut. AT: "His hair must never be cut" or "No one may cut your son's hair" or "He must not cut his hair" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **razor** - a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Look + +"Pay attention" or "Listen" + +# No razor will be used upon his head + +Here the word "head" refers to his hair. This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one should ever cut his hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# razor + +a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin + +# a Nazirite to God + +This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. AT: "a Nazirite devoted to God" or "devoted to God as a Nazirite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the womb + +Here the word "womb" refers to the time before the child is born. AT: "from before he is born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hand of the Philistines + +Here the word "hand" means control. AT: "the control of the Philistines" or "being under the Philistine's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/06.md b/jdg/13/06.md index 7cb04737f8..48e3878924 100644 --- a/jdg/13/06.md +++ b/jdg/13/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# A man of God -* [[en:tw:Nazirite]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. AT: "A man that God sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible -* **Look** - "Pay attention" or "Understand this" -* **from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death** - This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Here "terrible" means "frightening." AT: "I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Look + +"Pay attention" or "Listen" + +# give birth to a son + +This refers to childbirth. AT: "bear a son" or "have a baby boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# any food that the law declares to be unclean + +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a Nazirite to God + +This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](./03.md). AT: "a Nazirite devoted to God" or "devoted to God as a Nazirite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death + +This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. AT: "all his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/08.md b/jdg/13/08.md index 6d14bda2f2..ac47bfcf62 100644 --- a/jdg/13/08.md +++ b/jdg/13/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Manoah -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 13:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# came to the woman -* **Manoah** - See how you translated this man's name in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:01]]. -* **came to the woman** - AT: "came to Manoah's wife" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author's words. AT: "came to Manoah's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/10.md b/jdg/13/10.md index 6fb4c777eb..5e6d76649b 100644 --- a/jdg/13/10.md +++ b/jdg/13/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Look +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# The man -* **Look** - She wanted her husband to know the surprising news. AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **The man** - This refers to the angel of Yahweh in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:03]]. +This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](./03.md). This can be made explicit. AT: "the man of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/12.md b/jdg/13/12.md index e43fd7f749..db4036319c 100644 --- a/jdg/13/12.md +++ b/jdg/13/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# your words -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"what you have said" -## translationNotes +# anything that comes from the vines -* **that the Law declares to be unclean** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:06]]. +Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as "coming" from the vine. AT: "anything that grows on a vine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that the law declares to be unclean + +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 13:7](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/15.md b/jdg/13/15.md index d13feb5e99..9825794a9e 100644 --- a/jdg/13/15.md +++ b/jdg/13/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# prepare a young goat for you -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] - -## translationNotes - -* **prepare a young goat for you** - It was the custom to provide a meal for a guest. AT: "cook a young goat for you to eat" +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah's statement. AT: "cook a young goat for you to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/17.md b/jdg/13/17.md index 5ad978d689..d72f9794f6 100644 --- a/jdg/13/17.md +++ b/jdg/13/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# your words come true -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"what you have said comes true" -## translationNotes +# Why do you ask my name? -* **Why do you ask my name?** - This probably means "You should not ask me what my name is" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **It is wonderful** - This probably means "It is too wonderful for you to understand." +The angel asks this question as a rebuke. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not ask me what my name is." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It is wonderful + +It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. AT: "It is too wonderful for you to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/19.md b/jdg/13/19.md index 870942e892..e2ae1ff9bb 100644 --- a/jdg/13/19.md +++ b/jdg/13/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# with the grain offering -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. AT: "with the grain offering required with it" or "with the grain offering to accompany it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# on the rock -* **the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar** - "the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar" -* **lay facedown on the ground** - “lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. +"on the altar." The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock. + +# He did something + +"The angel did something" + +# the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar + +"the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar" + +# lay facedown on the ground + +"lay with their faces to the ground." This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/21.md b/jdg/13/21.md index 19efce81be..b283461188 100644 --- a/jdg/13/21.md +++ b/jdg/13/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# that he was the angel of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +The word "he" refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen. -## translationNotes +# We are sure to die, because we have seen God -* ** that he was the angel of Yahweh** - The word "he" refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen. -* **We are sure to die, because we have seen God!** - God is so holy, Manoah feared that God would kill him and his wife because they saw him. +It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. AT: "God will cause us to die because we have seen him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/23.md b/jdg/13/23.md index b8f416ddcf..f0257184b0 100644 --- a/jdg/13/23.md +++ b/jdg/13/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **nor ... would he have let us hear such things."** - AT: "and ... he would not have told us things like these." +Manoah's wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. AT: "He would not have told us what he wanted us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/24.md b/jdg/13/24.md index 3c54788970..5affa27d22 100644 --- a/jdg/13/24.md +++ b/jdg/13/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the woman -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:samson]] +"Manoah's wife" -## translationNotes +# gave birth to a son -* **the woman gave birth** - AT: "Manoah's wife gave birth" -* **grew up** - This phrase refers to a child becoming an adult. AT: "became an adult" or "matured" -* **Mahaneh Dan...Zorah and Eshtaol** - Mahaneh Dan was a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Zorah and Eshtaol are the names of towns. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him** - The word "stir" refers to Yahweh's influence on Samson like a spoon that stirs food in a pot. Yahweh was beginning to influence the way Samson thought. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to childbirth. AT: "bore a son" or "had a baby boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# grew up + +"became an adult" or "matured" + +# Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him + +Here the way Yahweh's Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. AT: "Yahweh's Spirit began to influence Samson" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Mahaneh Dan ... Eshtaol + +Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zorah + +Translate the name of this town the same way you did in [Judges 13:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/intro.md b/jdg/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e911a348e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Judges 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the account of Samson. (See: [Judges 13-16](./01.md)) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Warning not to cut his hair ##### + +The angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson's mother. Samson's mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person's hair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/01.md b/jdg/14/01.md index 98783e9834..d97a8f8c4e 100644 --- a/jdg/14/01.md +++ b/jdg/14/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Samson went down to Timnah -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:samson]] +The phrase "went down" is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father's house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# one of the daughters of the Philistines -* **Samson went down to Timnah** - The word "down" refers to going to a lower place. -* **Timnah** - This is the name of a town in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **one of the daughters of the Philistines** - The word "daughter" is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. AT: "one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people" or "a Philistine girl" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Now get her for me to be my wife** - Samson was asking his parents to speak to the Philistine woman's parents about marriage. AT: "Now arrange for her to become my wife" or "Make the arrangements for me to marry her" +The word "daughter" is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. AT: "one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people" or "a Philistine girl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Now get her for me to be my wife + +This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman's parents about marriage. AT: "Now arrange for her to become my wife!" or "Make the arrangements for me to marry her!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/03.md b/jdg/14/03.md index 6e98654191..08f63ab1e3 100644 --- a/jdg/14/03.md +++ b/jdg/14/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people? -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised|uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the daughters of your relatives -* **Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people?** - Samson's parents used this question to say that he should find a wife among his own people, the people of Israel. AT: "Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?** - Samson's parents used this question to show that they were shocked and they disapproved that he would want to marry a Philistine. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **when I look at her, she pleases me** - Samson describes the Philistine woman's beauty and how she looks by referring to his emotions when he looks at her. AT: "because she is beautiful." -* **this matter** - This refers to Samson's request to marry the Philistine woman. +The word "daughter" is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. AT: "one of the unmarried women among your relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines? + +This question is asked to rebuke Samson. This question can be written as a statement. You can make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. AT: "You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Get her for me + +This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman's parents about marriage. AT: "Now arrange for her to be my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# she pleases me + +This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. "I am pleased by how beautiful she is" or "she is beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this matter + +This refers to Samson's request to marry the Philistine woman. + +# for he desired to create a conflict + +The word "he" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/05.md b/jdg/14/05.md index 60eb8d3ce3..6425450985 100644 --- a/jdg/14/05.md +++ b/jdg/14/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Samson went down to Timnah -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +The phrase "went down" is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father's house was. Timnah was a city in the Sorek Valley. Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 14:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# And, look, there one of the young lions came up -* **Timnah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:14:01]]. -* **was roaring** - "made a loud deep noise." This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something. -* **came on him** - This refers to Yahweh's Spirit coming to help Samson by giving him strength. AT: "strengthened him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **tore ... apart** - tore into pieces -* **had nothing in his hand** - AT: "did not use a weapon" +Here the word "look" is used to draw the readers attention to a surprising event that happens in the story. The phrase "came up" means that the lion came near him. AT: "Suddenly, a young lion came near him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# was roaring at him + +"threatened him." This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something. + +# Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on him + +The phrase "came on" means that Yahweh's Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. AT: "Yahweh's Spirit made him very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# tore ... apart + +tore into two pieces + +# had nothing in his hand + +Here it states that he had nothing in his hand to emphasize that he was not holding a weapon. AT: "did not have a weapon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/07.md b/jdg/14/07.md index 0a2ab9e134..af00bc421f 100644 --- a/jdg/14/07.md +++ b/jdg/14/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# she pleased Samson -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:honey|honey]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] +This means that he thought she was very beautiful. AT: "he was pleased by how beautiful she was" or "he thought she was very beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# he turned aside -* **she pleased Samson** - AT: "he was pleased by how beautiful she was" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he turned aside** - AT: "he left the path" -* **carcass** - "dead body" -* **swarm** - large group of insects -* **scraped up** - "gathered up" -* **he did not tell them he had taken the honey out of what was left of the lion’s body** - Samson did not tell his parents he had gotten the honey from the dead lion because it was wrong for the people of Israel to eat anything that had come in contact with the dead body of an unclean animal. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This means that he left his path to do something. AT: "he left the path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# carcass + +"dead body" + +# And, look, there was a swarm of bees + +Here the word "look" is used to draw the reader's attention to something surprising that happens in the story. AT: "He found a swarm of bees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# swarm + +large group of insects + +# scraped up + +"gathered up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/10.md b/jdg/14/10.md index 7a322b0201..f3a66ee184 100644 --- a/jdg/14/10.md +++ b/jdg/14/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Samson's father went down to where the woman was -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:feast|feast]] +The phrase "went down" is used to describe Timnah which is lower in elevation than where Samson's father lives. AT: "Samson's father went to where the woman lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the custom of the young men -* **Samson's father went down to where the woman was** - The woman and her family lived in the valley. AT: "Samson's father went down where the woman lived" -* **relatives** - AT: "family members" -* **thirty of their friends** - "30 of their friends" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. AT: "the custom of young men who were getting married" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# thirty of their friends + +"30 of their friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/12.md b/jdg/14/12.md index 42ba0dd273..efd64f11f6 100644 --- a/jdg/14/12.md +++ b/jdg/14/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# riddle -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:samson]] -* [[en:tw:samson|Samson]] +a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question -## translationNotes +# can find it out -* **riddle** - a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question -* **can find it out** - AT: "understand the question" -* ** thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes** - "30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **linen** - a type of cloth +This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. AT: "can figure out its meaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes + +"30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# But if you cannot tell me + +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the guests at the feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# linen + +a type of cloth \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/14.md b/jdg/14/14.md index 9322704189..3ca7185d81 100644 --- a/jdg/14/14.md +++ b/jdg/14/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Samson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means. -## translationNotes +# Out of the eater was something to eat -* Samson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means. -* **Out of the eater was something to eat** - AT: "Out of the eater came something to eat" or "Something to eat came out of something that eats" -* **the eater** - "the thing that eats" -* **out of the strong was something sweet** - AT: "out of the strong came something sweet" or "Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong" -* **the strong** - "the strong thing" -* **his guests** - This refers to the people that were invited to his feast. AT:"the men at at his feast" +"Out of the eater came something to eat" or "Something to eat came out of something that eats" + +# the eater + +The noun "eater" can be expressed as a verb phrase. AT: "the thing that eats" + +# out of the strong was something sweet + +"out of the strong came something sweet" or "Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong" + +# the strong + +This refers to something that is strong. AT: "the strong thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# his guests + +"the men at his feast" + +# could not find the answer + +Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. AT: "could not figure out the answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/15.md b/jdg/14/15.md index cda56c688c..545f40bb46 100644 --- a/jdg/14/15.md +++ b/jdg/14/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the fourth day -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:family]] +"the 4th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Trick -* **On the fourth day** - "On day 4" -* **Trick** - mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do -* **your father’s houses** - Possible meanings are 1) “the houses your father and his family live in” or 2) “your father's family.” The word “house” can refer to the people who live in it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do + +# your father's house + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the actual house. AT: "the house your father and his family live in" or 2) "house" refers to the people who live in it. AT: "your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will burn up + +The phrase "burn up" means to burn something completely. If a person is "burnt up," it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Did you invite us here in order to make us poor + +They ask her this question to accuse her of inviting them there to make them poor. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You have brought us here to make us poor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to make us poor + +They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. AT: "to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/16.md b/jdg/14/16.md index aa0b791be3..85e0caa146 100644 --- a/jdg/14/16.md +++ b/jdg/14/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# All you do is hate me! You do not love me -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Samson's wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. AT: "You do not really love me at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# riddle -* **All you do is hate me! You do not love me** - She was accusing him of not loving her because he did not tell her the answer to the riddle. -* **riddle** - a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question -* **Look here** - Paying attention is spoken of as looking. AT: "Listen to me" or "Pay attention to what I'm about to say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?** - Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer to the riddle. AT: "I have not even told my father or mother. I do not have to tell you" or “It is not reasonable for you to demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **during the seven days that their feast lasted** - Possible meanings are 1) “during the seven days of their feast” or 2) “the rest of the seven days of their feast.” -* **on the seventh day** - "on day 7" -* **she pressured him very much** - This compares her complaining to putting pressure on something until it breaks. AT: "she kept urging him to tell her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question + +# Look here + +This is used to get someones attention. Here "look" means to "listen." AT: "Listen to me" or "Pay attention to what I am about to say" + +# if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? + +Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you." or "you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# during the seven days that their feast lasted + +Possible meanings are 1) "during the seven days of their feast" or 2) "during the rest of the seven days of their feast." + +# the seventh day + +"the 7th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# she pressured him very much + +Here the word "pressured" means "urged." AT: "she kept urging him to tell her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/18.md b/jdg/14/18.md index e6cf030e2e..70950e87ec 100644 --- a/jdg/14/18.md +++ b/jdg/14/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the men of the city -* [[en:tw:heifer]] -* [[en:tw:heifer|heifer]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] +This refers to Samson's wife's relatives. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the young men" or "her relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the seventh day -* **on the seventh day** - "on day 7" -* **What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?** - These questions are used to answer the riddle. AT: "Honey is sweet and a lion is strong." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding "Honey came out of a lion" or "Honey was found in a lion's body." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **If you had not plowed with my heifer** - Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person's heifer to plow his field. AT: "If you had not used my wife" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **plowed** - To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds. +"the 7th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion? + +This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. AT: "Honey is sweet and a lion is strong." or "Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If you had not plowed with my heifer + +Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person's heifer to plow his field. AT: "If you had not used my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plowed + +To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/19.md b/jdg/14/19.md index 0214e99df4..bae13f4893 100644 --- a/jdg/14/19.md +++ b/jdg/14/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# came on Samson with power -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:ashkelon]] -* [[en:tw:ashkelon|Ashkelon]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The phrase "came on" means that Yahweh's Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. AT: "made Samson very strong" or "made Samson very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# killed thirty of their men -* **came on Samson with power** - AT: "came to Samson and gave him great power" or "and came to Samson and made him very strong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **killed thirty men** - "killed 30 men" - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **those people** - the people who live in Ashkelon -* **plunder** - things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle -* **furious** - AT: "very angry" -* **went up to his father’s house** - AT: "went up the mountainside to his father's house" +"killed 30 of their men" - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# their men + +"the men who lived there" + +# plunder + +things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle + +# their clothes + +These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. AT: "the sets of clothing that he had taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Burning with anger + +"Very angry" + +# went up to his father's house + +The phrase "went up" is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father's house is located. + +# Samson's wife was given to his best friend + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his wife's father gave her to his best friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# best friend + +"closest friend" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/intro.md b/jdg/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15d705f213 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Judges 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Samson continues in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:14, 18, which are important quotations. + +##### Special concepts in this chapter ##### + +##### Intermarriage ##### +It was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson's parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/01.md b/jdg/15/01.md index 10a155d4ad..275b582da0 100644 --- a/jdg/15/01.md +++ b/jdg/15/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to himself -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +This refers to thinking. AT: "He thought to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I will go to my wife's room -* **He said to himself** - This means "He thought." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will go to my wife's room** - AT: "I will go to my wife's room so we can have sexual relations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **would not allow him to go in** - AT: "would not permit him to go in to her room" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **so I gave her to your friend** - AT: "so I gave her to be married to your friend" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **is she not?** - Her father asked this because he wanted Samson to agree with him that the younger sister was more beautiful. AT: "You cannot deny it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Take her instead** - AT: "Choose her to be your wife instead." +Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I will go to my wife's room, so we may sleep together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# would not allow him to go in + +It may be helpful to add the missing words. AT: "would not permit him to go in to her room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# so I gave her to your friend + +This means that he gave her to be his friend's wife. This can be stated clearly. AT: "so I gave her to be married to your friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# is she not? + +He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "I hope you agree." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Take her instead + +He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Take her to be your wife instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/03.md b/jdg/15/03.md index 80f3ecfa99..aadadd573f 100644 --- a/jdg/15/03.md +++ b/jdg/15/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] +Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# three hundred foxes -* **I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them ** - AT: "I have a good (or "legitimate") reason to hurt you Philistines" -* **three hundred foxes** - "300 hundred foxes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **foxes** - Foxes are animals like dogs that eat nesting birds and other small animals. If foxes are unknown in your area, use a general term for dog-like creatures. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **each pair** - a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails -* **torch** - a small fire that burns cloth tied around one end of a stick of wood +"300 foxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# foxes + +Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals. + +# each pair + +a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails + +# tail to tail + +"by their tails" + +# torches + +A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/05.md b/jdg/15/05.md index 8bc92e1293..f763c85e22 100644 --- a/jdg/15/05.md +++ b/jdg/15/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# standing grain -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] +grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field -## translationNotes +# stacked grain -* **standing grain** - grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field -* **stacked grain ** - the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested -* **orchard** - a place fruit trees are grown -* **Timnite** - a person from Timnah. Here this person from Timnah is Samson's wife's father. -* **the Timnite's son-in-law** - in-law** - The husband of a man's daughter is a "son-in-law." -* **took Samson’s wife and gave her to his friend ** - "took Samson's wife and allowed her to marry Samson's friend" +the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested + +# orchards + +An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown. + +# the Timnite's son-in-law + +The husband of a man's daughter is a "son-in-law." + +# Timnite + +This is a person from Timnah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# took Samson's wife and gave her to his friend + +Samson's wife's father gave her in marriage to Samson's friend. This can be stated clearly. AT: "took Samson's wife and allowed her to marry Samson's friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# burned up + +The phrase "burned up" means to burn something completely. If a person is "burned up," it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/07.md b/jdg/15/07.md index d17f37a343..1b98532c3b 100644 --- a/jdg/15/07.md +++ b/jdg/15/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# said to them -* [[en:tw:samson]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +"said to the Philistines" -## translationNotes +# If this is what you do -* **said to them** - "said to the Philistines" -* **he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh** - This phrase is used to express that the attack was very violent. The hip and thigh are parts of the body and leg. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **cave** - an opening in a hill or mountainside -* **cliff** - a high, rocky hill or mountainside -* **Etam** - the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Because you have done this." + +# he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh + +Here "hip and thigh" refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. AT: "He cut their bodies to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he went down + +Here the phrase "went down" does not likely mean that he changed elevation, but rather, it is a way to describe someone going to another place. AT: "he went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cave + +an opening in a hill or mountainside + +# cliff + +a high, rocky hill or mountainside + +# Etam + +This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/09.md b/jdg/15/09.md index 2efb983cce..6c7d46667a 100644 --- a/jdg/15/09.md +++ b/jdg/15/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the Philistines came up ... in Judah -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:samson]] -* [[en:tw:samson|Samson]] +The phrase "came up" is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from. -## translationNotes +# prepared for battle -* **prepared for battle** - AT: "organized themselves for battle" -* **Lehi** - This is the name of a town in Judah. It was given this name because of what happened in this event. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **so we may do to him as he has done to us** - The people knew that Samson had killed many Philistines. AT: "so we may kill him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"organized themselves for battle" + +# Lehi + +This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# do to him as he has done to us + +The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. AT: "kill him like he killed many of our people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/11.md b/jdg/15/11.md index 49451e17b1..a23663d704 100644 --- a/jdg/15/11.md +++ b/jdg/15/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# three thousand men of Judah -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +"3,000 men of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# cave in the cliff of Etam -* ** three thousand men of Judah** - "3,000 men of Judah" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **cave in the cliff of Etam** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:15:07]]. -* **Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us?** - The Israelites ask this question to accuse Samson of rebelling against the Philistines. AT: "You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What is this you have done to us?** - The Israelites ask this question to express that Samson's actions have caused them harm AT: "What you have done has caused us great harm." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **They did to me, and so I have done to them.** - AT: "They did evil to me, so I have done evil to them." (See: [[:en/ta/vol1/translate/figs_explicit]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 15:8](./07.md). + +# Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us? + +The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. AT: "You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# They did to me, and so I have done to them + +Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. AT: "They killed my wife, so I killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/12.md b/jdg/15/12.md index ef4d7fd636..4cf6a67473 100644 --- a/jdg/15/12.md +++ b/jdg/15/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the hands of the Philistines -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] +Here "hands" refers to power. AT: "the Philistine's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# hand you over to them -* **the power of the Philistines** - "the control of the Philistines" -* **from the rock** - This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:15:07]]. AT: "from the cave in the large rock" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This means to cause someone to be under someone else's control. AT: "give you to the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# up from the rock + +This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](./07.md). Here the words "up from" mean that they had brought him away from the cave. AT: "away from the cave in the large rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/14.md b/jdg/15/14.md index af0663357e..4c48eafa06 100644 --- a/jdg/15/14.md +++ b/jdg/15/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When he came -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] +Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. AT: "When they came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Lehi -* **Lehi ** - Translate this place the same way you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:15:09]]. -* **Yahweh's Spirit came on him in power** - The phrase "came on him" refers to help that Yahweh gave Samson. AT: "Yahweh's spirit added powerful strength to Samson" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **ropes on his arms became like burnt flax** - The ropes are compared to burnt flax because they were very easy for Samson to break. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **flax** - fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth +This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](./09.md). + +# came on him with power + +The phrase "came on" means that Yahweh's Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. AT: "made Samson very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax + +Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. AT: "He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# flax + +fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/15.md b/jdg/15/15.md index c215a1f8d4..4f4cd05907 100644 --- a/jdg/15/15.md +++ b/jdg/15/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a fresh jawbone -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] +This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set. -## translationNotes +# a thousand men -* **jawbone** - the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set -* **a thousand men** - "1,000 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **heaps upon heaps ** - "many heaps." These are piles of bodies from the soldiers that Samson killed. AT: "I have killed enough men to create many heaps of dead bodies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"1,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the jawbone of a donkey + +"a donkey's jawbone" + +# heaps upon heaps + +This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. AT: "I have made heaps of dead bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/17.md b/jdg/15/17.md index 26ea71c01a..521e86094e 100644 --- a/jdg/15/17.md +++ b/jdg/15/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Ramath Lehi -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised|uncircumcised]] +This is the name of a place. It's name means "Jawbone Hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# was very thirsty -* **Ramath Lehi** - This is the name of a place. It's name means "Jawbone Hill" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the place was called** - AT: "he called the place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **very thirsty** - AT: "had great need for water to drink" -* **I will fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised** - The idea of "fall" is to lose in a conflict. AT: "Those uncircumcised men will take revenge on me and defeat me" +"needed water to drink" + +# But now will I die of thirst and fall into ... uncircumcised? + +Possible meanings are 1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. AT: "But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into ... uncircumcised." or 2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. AT: "But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into ... uncircumcised?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# die of thirst + +This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised + +The phrase "fall into the hands" means to be captured. "Those who are uncircumcised" refers to the Philistines and with the word "uncircumcised" emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. AT: "be captured by those godless Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/19.md b/jdg/15/19.md index b5a801ff3e..2096b23d90 100644 --- a/jdg/15/19.md +++ b/jdg/15/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# split open the hollow place -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +"opened a hole in the ground" or "opened the low place." This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear. -## translationNotes +# Lehi -* **split open the hollow place that is at Lehi** - AT: "opened up a hole in the ground at Lehi" -* **Lehi** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:15:09]] -* **revived** - get one's strength or power back again -* **En Hakkore** - This is the name of a spring of water. The name means "spring of him who prayed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in the days of** - AT: "during the time of" -* **for twenty years** - "for 20 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](./09.md) + +# his strength returned and he revived + +These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. AT: "he became strong again" or "he was revived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# En Hakkore + +This is the name of a spring of water. The name means "spring of him who prayed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# it is at Lehi to this day + +This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase "to this day" refers to the "present" time. AT: "the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the days of the Philistines + +This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. AT: "during the time the Philistines controlled Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for twenty years + +"for 20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/intro.md b/jdg/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5cf9b63845 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Judges 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Samson continues in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 15:16, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Samson's strength ##### + +The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson's power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/01.md b/jdg/16/01.md index 967f986137..c6d7e95622 100644 --- a/jdg/16/01.md +++ b/jdg/16/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he went to bed with her -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:gaza|Gaza]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] +The phrase "went to bed with" is a polite way of referring to having sex. AT: "he had sex with her" or "he slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# The Gazites were told -* **he went to bed with her** - This means that he had sexual relations with her. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **The Gazites were told** - "The people of Gaza were told" -* **They made no move** - AT: "They made no attempt to attack him" +The word "Gazites" refers to people from Gaza. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told the people of Gaza" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The Gazites surrounded the place ... they waited for him all night at the city gate + +This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave. + +# They kept silent all night + +Possible meanings are 1) "They did not make any noise all night" or 2) "They made no attempt to attack him all night." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/03.md b/jdg/16/03.md index 74bd0dee6d..6a759a6d37 100644 --- a/jdg/16/03.md +++ b/jdg/16/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# midnight -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:hebron|Hebron]] +"the middle of the night" -## translationNotes +# its two posts -* **midnight** - "the middle of the night" -* **its two posts** - supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts. -* **bar and all** - The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars. -* **shoulders** - the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body -* **in front of Hebron** - "across from Hebron" +These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts. + +# bar and all + +The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars. + +# shoulders + +the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body + +# Hebron + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/04.md b/jdg/16/04.md index 5cdcd1dfc0..6b3ff228aa 100644 --- a/jdg/16/04.md +++ b/jdg/16/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Valley of Sorek -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:delilah]] -* [[en:tw:delilah|Delilah]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] +This is the name of a valley near Samson's home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Trick -* **valley of Sorek** - This is the name of a valley near Samson's home. The name "Sorek" means best vine. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Trick** - mislead or fool or trap someone into doing something they would not want to do -* **to see** - Seeing something is used to refer to understanding it. AT: "to understand" or "to learn" -* **where his great strength lies** - AT: "what causes him to be very strong" -* **by what means we may overpower him** - AT: "how we might overpower him" +to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do + +# to see + +This is an idiom that means to learn something. AT: "to understand" or "to learn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# where his great strength lies + +This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. AT: "what causes him to be very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by what means we may overpower him + +"how we might overpower him""" + +# 1,100 pieces of silver + +"one thousand one hundred pieces of silver." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/06.md b/jdg/16/06.md index 2dbc6299c7..1e9fc809ac 100644 --- a/jdg/16/06.md +++ b/jdg/16/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# bind you, so you might be controlled -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:bond|bind, bond, bound]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:delilah]] -* [[en:tw:delilah|Delilah]] -* [[en:tw:samson]] -* [[en:tw:samson|Samson]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "bind you to control you" or "bind you to restrain you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# fresh bowstrings -* **fresh bowstrings** - The word "fresh" describes a young plant that is still moist and hard to break. "Bowstrings" are strong strings used to shoot arrows from a bow. +Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words "fresh bowstrings" refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried. + +# that have not been dried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that have not yet dried" or "that are not dry yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/08.md b/jdg/16/08.md index ef5e027138..b7c586b0fd 100644 --- a/jdg/16/08.md +++ b/jdg/16/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# that had not been dried -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:delilah]] -* [[en:tw:delilah|Delilah]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:samson]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that had not yet dried" or "that were not dry yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# she tied Samson up with them -* **she tied Samson up with them** - "Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings" -* **he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire** - This compares the bowstrings which normally cannot be broken easily to something that breaks very quickly. AT: "he broke the bowstrings easily" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings" + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# The Philistines are upon you + +The phrase "upon you" means that they are ready to capture him. AT: "The Philistines are here to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire + +The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. AT: "he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn" or "he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/10.md b/jdg/16/10.md index c21e02fee5..ed775532d4 100644 --- a/jdg/16/10.md +++ b/jdg/16/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# This is how you have deceived me and told me lies. -* [[en:tw:Delilah]] -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceived]] -* [[en:tw:samson]] -* [[en:tw:samson|Samson]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. AT: "You have greatly deceived me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# you can be overpowered -* **have deceived me...told me lies** - Both of these phrases have similar meanings. It is said in different ways to add emphasis to the statement. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **lying in wait** - This phrase refers to people who are ready to attack but silently wait for the right moment. AT: "ready to attack" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Samson tore off the ropes from his arms like they were a piece of thread** - This phrase compares the ropes to thread because thread is thin and easy to break. AT: "Samson easily tore the ropes off of his arms" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people can overpower you" + +# The Philistines are upon you + +The phrase "upon you" means that they are there to capture him. AT: "The Philistines are here to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# lying in wait + +This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. AT: "waiting to attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# like they were a piece of thread + +The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. AT: "as easily as if they were only a piece of thread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/13.md b/jdg/16/13.md index 5aa7c5aa63..fd29d7d018 100644 --- a/jdg/16/13.md +++ b/jdg/16/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# you have deceived me and told me lies -* [[en:tw:Delilah]] -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. AT: "you have greatly deceived me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# you may be overpowered -* **you have deceived me and told me lies** - Both of these phrases mean the same thing. Delilah expresses this twice to emphasize that she is upset. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **weave** - crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place. -* **locks of my hair** - small bunches of hair separated by using a ring, tying it with a string or weaving it together in small sections. -* **fabric** - cloth made from weaving material together. -* **loom** - A machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth. -* **nail** - to hammer a nail -* **I will be like any other man** - AT: "I will have the same strength as any other man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people can overpower you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# weave + +crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place + +# locks of my hair + +small bunches of hair + +# fabric + +cloth made from weaving material together + +# loom + +a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# then nail that to the loom + +"then nail the fabric to the loom" + +# nail + +to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place + +# I will be like any other man + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "I will be as weak as any other man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The Philistines are upon you + +The phrase "upon you" means that they are there to capture him. AT: "The Philistines are here to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom + +Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. AT: "pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the pin + +This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/15.md b/jdg/16/15.md index 04f60b9719..776572199f 100644 --- a/jdg/16/15.md +++ b/jdg/16/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# How can you say, 'I love you,' when you do not share your secrets with me? -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] +Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "When you say 'I love you,' you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# pressed him hard ... pressured him -* **How can you say, ‘I love you,’ when you do not share your secrets with me?** - Delilah asks this question to cause Samson to feel bad for not telling her the secret of his strength. AT: "When you say 'I love you,' it must be a lie because you do not share your secrets with me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **pressed him hard...pressured him** - This phrase uses physical pressure to express the feeling a person has when someone continually tries to persuade them to do something. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that he wished he would die** - This phrase expresses that a person is so angry or sad that his emotions are compared to someone who might want to die. AT: "that he was very sad and angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. AT: "tried hard to persuade him ... kept trying to persuade him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with her words + +"by what she said to him" + +# that he wished he would die + +The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. AT: "that he was completely miserable" or "that he was very unhappy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/17.md b/jdg/16/17.md index 7651ef4868..46b2f2ee23 100644 --- a/jdg/16/17.md +++ b/jdg/16/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# told her everything -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:nazirite]] -* [[en:tw:nazirite|Nazirite, Nazirite vow]] -* [[en:tw:samson]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. AT: "told her the source of his strength" or "told her the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# razor -* **razor** - a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person's skin. -* **from my mother’s womb** - Samson refers to his birth by referring to where he was before birth. Referring to his birth is used to refer to his entire life. AT: "my entire life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my strength will leave me** - Samson refers to his strength as something that can leave to refer to not having it anymore. AT: "my strength will be gone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **shaved** - To have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor. +a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person's skin + +# a Nazirite for God + +This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/03.md). AT: "a Nazirite devoted to God" or "devoted to God as a Nazirite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from my mother's womb + +Here "from my mother's womb" refers to to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. AT: "my entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If my head is shaved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If someone shaves my head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shaved + +to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor + +# my strength will leave me + +Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. AT: "I will not be strong any more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/18.md b/jdg/16/18.md index 555b135fde..8782a5edd6 100644 --- a/jdg/16/18.md +++ b/jdg/16/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Delilah saw -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:delilah]] -* [[en:tw:delilah|Delilah]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +Here the word "saw" is a idiom that means to realize something. AT: "Delilah realized" or "Delilah learned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the truth about everything -* **saw** - "understood" or "learned" -* **the truth about everything** - The word "everything" refers to the entire story about why he is so strong. AT: "truth about everything about the secret to his strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Come up again** - Delilah lived higher on the mountain than where the rulers were staying. -* **She had him fall asleep** - "She caused him to fall asleep" -* **in her lap** - "on Delilah's thighs" (the thigh is the upper leg) -* **the seven locks of his head** - These were locks of hair. A lock holds something else in place. Samson's hair was separated into seven sections. -* **subdue him** - "control him" -* **his strength had left him** - AT: "his strength was gone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Here the word "everything" refers to everything about why Samson was strong. AT: "the truth about why he is strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Come up again + +Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from. + +# bringing the silver in their hands + +This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. AT: "bringing the silver that they had promised to give her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# She had him fall asleep + +"She caused him to fall asleep" + +# in her lap + +This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. AT: "with his head on her lap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lap + +The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down. + +# the seven locks of his head + +Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as "belonging" to his head. AT: "the seven locks of hair on his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# subdue him + +"control him" + +# his strength had left him + +Here Samson's strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. AT: "his strength was gone" or "he was no longer strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/20.md b/jdg/16/20.md index 7fd2212a58..b8f5837ab4 100644 --- a/jdg/16/20.md +++ b/jdg/16/20.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# The Philistines are upon you -* [[en:tw:Gaza]] -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:samson]] -* [[en:tw:samson|Samson]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The phrase "upon you" means that they are ready to capture him. AT: "The Philistines are here to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# woke up -* **woke up** - "awakened" -* **get out** - "escape" -* **put out his eyes** - "removed his eyes" -* **bound him with bronze shackles** - "chained him with bronze shackles" or "tied him up using bronze shackles" -* **shackles** - locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both -* **turned the millstone** - "pulled the millstone around in a circle" -* **millstone** - a very large, heavy, circular stone that rolls over grain to crush it. A millstone is rolled over the grain by being pulled around in a circle by a large animal like a cow or horse. -* **after it had been shaved** - AT: "after the Philistines had shaved it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"awakened" + +# get out + +"escape" + +# But he did not know that Yahweh had left him + +It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. AT: "But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# put out his eyes + +This means that they removed his eyes from his head. AT: "removed his eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# down to Gaza + +The phrase "down to" is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him. + +# bound him with bronze shackles + +"chained him with bronze shackles" or "tied him up using bronze shackles" + +# shackles + +locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both + +# turned the millstone + +"pulled the millstone around in a circle" + +# millstone + +This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it. + +# after it had been shaved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after the Philistines had shaved it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/23.md b/jdg/16/23.md index 79241e5896..546c4d342a 100644 --- a/jdg/16/23.md +++ b/jdg/16/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Dagon -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:destroyer]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice]] +a major false god of the Philistines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# conquered -* **Dagon** - a major false god of the Philistines (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **conquered** - "defeated" -* **put him in our grasp ** - AT: "put him in our control" +"defeated" + +# put him in our grasp + +Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers' control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. AT: "put him under our control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the destroyer of our country + +This refers to Samson. The word "destroyer" can be expressed with the verb "destroy." AT: "the man who has destroyed our country" + +# who killed many of us + +Here the word "us" refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. AT: "who killed many of our people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/25.md b/jdg/16/25.md index b14b2febb7..93e7e5acd2 100644 --- a/jdg/16/25.md +++ b/jdg/16/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Call for Samson ... They called for Samson -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. AT: "Call for them to bring out Samson ... They brought Samson" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the boy -* **Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests** - AT: "Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building." +"the young man" This was not a young child, but rather a youth. + +# Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests + +"Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/27.md b/jdg/16/27.md index e905389d00..ab3be27239 100644 --- a/jdg/16/27.md +++ b/jdg/16/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# three thousand men and women -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **three thousand men and women** - "3,000 men and women" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **while Samson was entertaining them** - to entertain is to perform an act or show in front of people to help them laugh and be happy. AT: "while Samson performed for them" +"3,000 men and women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# looking on + +"watching" + +# while Samson was entertaining them + +It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/28.md b/jdg/16/28.md index 27503d451b..f8594246fa 100644 --- a/jdg/16/28.md +++ b/jdg/16/28.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# called to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"prayed to Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# call me to mind -* **call me to mind** - "remember me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **only this once ** - "one more time" -* **in one blow** - "in one effort" -* **on which the building rested** - AT: "which held up the building" -* **and he leaned against them** - AT: "and he pushed against them" +This means to remember him and his situation. AT: "remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# only this once + +"one more time" + +# in one blow on the Philistines + +This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. AT: "with one strike against the Philistine" or "in one powerful act against the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on which the building rested + +"which held up the building" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/30.md b/jdg/16/30.md index 631a638ac9..fd08240259 100644 --- a/jdg/16/30.md +++ b/jdg/16/30.md @@ -1,24 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# He stretched out with his strength -* [[en:tw:Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:Samson]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. AT: "He used his strength to push down the pillars" or "He used his strength to push over the pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the dead -* **He stretched out with his strength** - AT: "He used his strength to push against the pillars" -* **Zorah and Eshtaol** - See how you translated these place names in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:24]]. -* **Manoah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:01]]. -* **judged** - Here this means that he "led" or "ruled over" the people of Israel. -* **twenty years** - "20 years" +This refers to people who are dead. AT: "the dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# were more + +"were a greater amount" + +# all the house of his father + +Here the word "house" refers to his family. AT: "all of his father's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# came down + +The phrase "came down" is used here because the place that Samson's family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza. + +# Zorah ... Eshtaol + +See how you translated the names of these places in [Judges 13:2](../13/01.md) and [Judges 13:25](../13/24.md). + +# in the burial place of Manoah, his father + +"where his father, Manoah, is buried" + +# Manoah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 13:2](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Samson had judged Israel for twenty years + +This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/19.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. AT: "Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twenty years + +"20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/intro.md b/jdg/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0b751a7811 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Judges 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Samson concludes in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Samson's mistake ##### + +Samson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson's only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/01.md b/jdg/17/01.md index 70ba348ddf..d89f9cfdbb 100644 --- a/jdg/17/01.md +++ b/jdg/17/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# There was a man -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is a way to introduce a new person to the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# Micah -* **Micah** - This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **1,100 pieces of silver** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **I stole it.** - "I was the one who took it." +This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 1,100 pieces + +"one thousand one hundred pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# that were taken from you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which someone stole from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I stole it + +"I was the one who took it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/03.md b/jdg/17/03.md index 55bf743b3b..9239faa6b9 100644 --- a/jdg/17/03.md +++ b/jdg/17/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# 1,100 pieces -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"one thousand one hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# set apart -* **cast metal** - to melt the metal and put it in a special container to form a figure. -* **I restore it to you** - The mother was restoring it to her son. +This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. AT: "dedicate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cast metal + +metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape + +# I restore it to you + +"I give it back to you" + +# two hundred pieces of silver + +"200 pieces of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# they were placed in the house of Micah + +The word "they" refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. AT: "Micah placed them in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/05.md b/jdg/17/05.md index 84b66d289e..cfe421a26f 100644 --- a/jdg/17/05.md +++ b/jdg/17/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# a house of idols -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:ephod|ephod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:household|household]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. AT: "a house for worshiping idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# everyone did what was right in his own eyes -* **had a house of idols** - "had many idols in his house" -* **what was right in his own eyes** - "what he believed was correct" +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "each person did what he decided was right" or "each person did what he judged to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/07.md b/jdg/17/07.md index 325d2e709f..9d8fd7c52a 100644 --- a/jdg/17/07.md +++ b/jdg/17/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# of Bethlehem -* [[en:tw:Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem|Bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +"from Bethlehem" -## translationNotes +# of the family of Judah -* **find a place to live** - "find a different place to live" -* **where I might live** - "where I might live and serve" +This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. AT: "who was living among the tribe of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He stayed there to fulfill his duties + +"He lived and worked there" + +# find a place to live + +"find a different place to live" + +# where I might live + +It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. AT: "where I might live and have a job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/10.md b/jdg/17/10.md index b8f0c091b0..2f734fb964 100644 --- a/jdg/17/10.md +++ b/jdg/17/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a father and a priest -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The word "father" is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. AT: "an advisor and a priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# a suit of clothes +"a set of clothes." This he would receive every year. The missing words may be added. AT: "a suit of clothes each year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# So the Levite went into his house + +It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah's offer, and therefore, entered his house. AT: "So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the young man became to Micah like one of his sons + +The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. AT: "the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/12.md b/jdg/17/12.md index 23e2ecce14..9a6aeeccb3 100644 --- a/jdg/17/12.md +++ b/jdg/17/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Micah set apart the Levite -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "set apart" means that Micah "dedicated" or "ordained" him. AT: "Micah dedicated the Levite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# was in Micah's house +Here living in Micah's house is spoken of as "being" in his house. AT: "lived in Micah's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/intro.md b/jdg/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60258b06e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Judges 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Idols and figures ##### + +According to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/01.md b/jdg/18/01.md index 978b42526d..9948c66fc7 100644 --- a/jdg/18/01.md +++ b/jdg/18/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# In those days -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dan|Dan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# In those days ... from among the tribes of Israel -* **not received any inheritance** - "not received their inheritance" -* **five men** - "5 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **experienced warriors** - "experienced fighters" -* **Zorah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:01]]. -* **Eshtaol** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:24]]. -* **Micah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:17:01]]. +This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# not received any inheritance from + +This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. AT: "not received a land inheritance from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the whole number of their tribe + +The phrase "the whole number" refers to all of the men in the tribe. AT: "from among all of the men in their tribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# experienced warriors + +"experienced fighters" + +# Zorah + +See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:2](../13/01.md). + +# Eshtaol + +See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:25](../13/24.md). + +# to scout the land on foot + +The phrase "on foot" means to walk. AT: "to scout the land by walking through it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Micah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/03.md b/jdg/18/03.md index 4437440fa7..43d6d58cee 100644 --- a/jdg/18/03.md +++ b/jdg/18/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest]] - -## translationNotes +# they recognized the speech of the young Levite +They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here "speech" refers to his "voice." AT: "they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/05.md b/jdg/18/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index f9d8174db3..0000000000 --- a/jdg/18/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/jdg/18/07.md b/jdg/18/07.md index e93ab05a45..2063482832 100644 --- a/jdg/18/07.md +++ b/jdg/18/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Laish -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sidon|Sidon]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# There was no one who conquered -* **five men** - "5 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **came to Laish** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Sidonians** - Use the same name as in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:03:01]]. -* **Zorah** - Use the same name as in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:01]]. -* **Eshtaol** - Use the same name as in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:24]]. +"There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them" + +# had no dealings with anyone + +"had no contact with any outsiders." This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people. + +# Zorah + +Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/01.md). + +# Eshtaol + +Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/24.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/09.md b/jdg/18/09.md index 211fe4c785..212854a27e 100644 --- a/jdg/18/09.md +++ b/jdg/18/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Are you doing nothing? -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You should be acting now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not be slow to attack -* **Are you doing nothing?** - AT: " You should be acting now!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **not lack anything on earth** - "has everything we need" +These two negative words "not" and "slow" together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. AT: "Hurry! Attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# the land is wide + +"the land is large." This is a description of the size of the land. + +# that does not lack anything in the land + +The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. AT: "where we will have everything there that we need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# that does not lack anything + +The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. AT: "has everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/11.md b/jdg/18/11.md index 26fb375e9b..ba512e0b1c 100644 --- a/jdg/18/11.md +++ b/jdg/18/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Six hundred men -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dan|Dan]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +"600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Kiriath Jearim -* **Six hundred men** - "600 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Zorah** - Use the same word as in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:01]]. -* **Eshtaol** - Use the same word as in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:24]]. -* **Kiriath Jearim** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mahaneh Dan ** - Use the same name as in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:13:24]]. +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mahaneh Dan + +Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/24.md). + +# to this day + +This means that something remains the same. It refers to the "present" time. AT: "and that is still its name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/13.md b/jdg/18/13.md index 6303941988..4f61e21594 100644 --- a/jdg/18/13.md +++ b/jdg/18/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Laish -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:ephod|ephod]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:household|household]] +Translate the name of this town the same as you did in [Judges 18:7](./07.md). -## translationNotes +# in these houses there are an ephod, ... metal figure? Decide ... will do -* **five men** - "5 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Laish** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Do you know that in these houses there are an ephod, household gods, a carved figure, and a cast metal figure? Decide now what you will do.”** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) AT: "These houses contain an ephod, household gods, a carved figure, and a cast figure. You know what you should do!" +The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. AT: "these houses contain an ephod, ... metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide ... will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in these houses there are + +"in one of these house there is" or "among these houses is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/15.md b/jdg/18/15.md index 1e107ec4f6..13c3225a34 100644 --- a/jdg/18/15.md +++ b/jdg/18/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they turned in there -* [[en:tw:Dan]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite]] +"they turned" -## translationNotes +# they greeted him -* **six hundred Danites** - "600 men of the tribe of Dan" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The word "him" refers to the Levite. + +# six hundred Danites + +"600 Danites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/17.md b/jdg/18/17.md index 55025583a5..74993fa16e 100644 --- a/jdg/18/17.md +++ b/jdg/18/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# six hundred men -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest]] - -## translationNotes - -* **five men** - "5 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **six hundred men** - "600 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/19.md b/jdg/18/19.md index 80c73a63bf..c5c5832255 100644 --- a/jdg/18/19.md +++ b/jdg/18/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man ... a clan in Israel? -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# The priest's heart was glad -* **Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man, or to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel?** - The Danites were showing the choose the priest had but it was obvious what choice they favored. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the priest is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions. AT: "The priest was glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/21.md b/jdg/18/21.md index 7c8ec69a22..f94385b54e 100644 --- a/jdg/18/21.md +++ b/jdg/18/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They put the small children in front of themselves -* [[en:tw:Dan]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. AT: "They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# a good distance -* **Why have you been called here?** - This question was asked by the Danites to taunt Micah and his group of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"some distance." This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the men who were in the houses near Micah's house were called together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he called together the men who were in the houses near his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they caught up with the Danites + +This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. AT: "running after the Danites, they caught up with them" + +# they turned + +"the Danites turned around" + +# Why have you been called together? + +This question is a rebuke. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have called your men together to chase us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# been called together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "called these men together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/24.md b/jdg/18/24.md index 9aee70ac37..7dd0d1e19e 100644 --- a/jdg/18/24.md +++ b/jdg/18/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the gods that I made -* [[en:tw:Dan]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. AT: "the gods which I had made for me" or "the gods which a craftsman made for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# What else do I have left? -* **What else do I have left?** - This question is being used in this passage because it shows how the Danites did not really care about Micah and his complaints. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. AT: "I have nothing left." or "You have taken everything that is important to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can you ask me, 'What is bothering you?' + +Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. AT: "You know that I am greatly distressed!'" or "You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# let us hear you say anything + +The phrase "us hear you say" refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. AT: "let us find out that you have said anything" or "say anything about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hear you say anything + +The word "anything" refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah's house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. AT: "hear you say anything about this matter" or "hear you say anything about what has happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you and your family will be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "kill you and your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# went their way + +This means that they continued on their journey. AT: "continued on their journey" or "continued travelling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they were too strong for him + +This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. AT: "they were too strong for him and his men to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/27.md b/jdg/18/27.md index 24d6b6894b..a0c6c17200 100644 --- a/jdg/18/27.md +++ b/jdg/18/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# what Micah had made -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dan|Dan]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that had been made for Micah" or "Micah's things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Laish -* **Laish** - Use the same word as in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:18:07]]. -* **Beth Rehob** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +See how you translated this in [Judges 18:7](./07.md). + +# with the sword + +"with their swords." Here "the sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they had no dealings with anyone + +this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 18:7](./07.md). + +# Beth Rehob + +This is a name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/30.md b/jdg/18/30.md index b33e87fbde..fb63a93941 100644 --- a/jdg/18/30.md +++ b/jdg/18/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses -* [[en:tw:Dan]] -* [[en:tw:Jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. AT: "The young Levite's name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# until the day of the land's captivity -* **Gershom** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the son of Moses** - This use of "son" can mean grandson or even descendant. (UDB). +This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. AT: "until the day that their enemies conquered their land" or "until the day that their enemies took them captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that he made + +Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. AT: "that had been made for him" or "that his craftsman made for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/intro.md b/jdg/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f25e8089f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Judges 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The tribe of Dan ##### + +The tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes' victories. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/01.md b/jdg/19/01.md index d43fdf7537..0f96dea53f 100644 --- a/jdg/19/01.md +++ b/jdg/19/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# In those days -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem|Bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:concubine|concubine]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] +This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# remote -* **remote** - far from where most people live +far from where most people live + +# was unfaithful to him + +This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. AT: "began to sleep with other men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/03.md b/jdg/19/03.md index a55568dcdd..dd8bbe8d39 100644 --- a/jdg/19/03.md +++ b/jdg/19/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant]] +"He took with him his servant and two donkeys" -## translationNotes +# His father-in-law, the girl's father, persuaded -* **persuaded him to stay** - "spoke to him and changed his mind so he decided to stay" +"His father-in-law, that is, the girl's father, persuaded" or "The girl's father persuaded" + +# persuaded him to stay + +"spoke to him so he decided to stay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/05.md b/jdg/19/05.md index cb26675b69..452e50fd42 100644 --- a/jdg/19/05.md +++ b/jdg/19/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he prepared -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] +the Levite prepared -## translationNotes +# Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread -* **he prepared** - the Levite prepared -* **Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread** - "Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel" +Here "bread" refers to "food." AT: "Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Please be willing to spend the night + +"Please stay another night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/07.md b/jdg/19/07.md index c086d4203b..25cc4b2e24 100644 --- a/jdg/19/07.md +++ b/jdg/19/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite]] - -## translationNotes +# Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon +The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/09.md b/jdg/19/09.md index 8d13b23083..c2a0cc354c 100644 --- a/jdg/19/09.md +++ b/jdg/19/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:concubine|concubine]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant]] - -## translationNotes +# now the day is advancing toward evening +"the day is almost over" or "it is almost evening" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/10.md b/jdg/19/10.md index 6d68dfea2c..9fb2ede5eb 100644 --- a/jdg/19/10.md +++ b/jdg/19/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# that is Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"which was later called Jerusalem" -## translationNotes +# He had a pair of saddled donkeys -* **Come, let us turn aside** - The servant was making a polite request. AT: "Please listen: it would be a good idea to turn aside." -* **turn aside to** - "stop for a while in" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He put saddles on his two donkeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Come, let us + +This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. AT: "I suggest that we" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# turn aside to + +This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. AT: "stop at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/12.md b/jdg/19/12.md index 501da212a1..4dd3a046bd 100644 --- a/jdg/19/12.md +++ b/jdg/19/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# turn aside into -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:Ramah]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](./10.md). AT: "stop at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Come, let us -* **turn aside into** - See how you translated "turn aside to" in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:19:10]]. -* **Gibeah** - place name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Come** - Unlike the servant's polite request, "Come," in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:19:10]], this is a command to the servant to keep going (see UDB). +This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. AT: "I suggest that we" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/14.md b/jdg/19/14.md index 61711db594..2bd784ab20 100644 --- a/jdg/19/14.md +++ b/jdg/19/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# turned aside -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] +This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](./10.md). AT: "stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the city square -* **turned aside** - See how you translated "turn aside to" in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:19:10]]. -* **Gibeah ** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:19:12]]. +the marketplace where people gathered during the day + +# took them into his house + +This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. AT: "invited them to stay in their house for that night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/16.md b/jdg/19/16.md index 59b89c46da..c8edda703d 100644 --- a/jdg/19/16.md +++ b/jdg/19/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Benjamites -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] +A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). -## translationNotes +# He raised his eyes -* **Gibeah ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:19:12]]. -* **Benjamite** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:03:15]]. -* **square** - the market place where people gathered by day +Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. AT: "He looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the city square + +the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in [Judges 19:14](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/18.md b/jdg/19/18.md index 744f414f62..b1a116c26c 100644 --- a/jdg/19/18.md +++ b/jdg/19/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# who will take me into his house -* [[en:tw:Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. AT: "who has invited me to stay in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# will take me -* **and there is bread and wine for me and your female servant here, and for this young man, with your servants.** - "and we have plenty of bread and wine for ourselves" -* **your female servant ... your servants** - AT: "my female servant, who is your servant, ... all of us, who are your servants" or "this woman ... us." The Levite speaks of himself and the others in the third person to show respect. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) +Here the Levite says "me," but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. AT: "will take us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# there is bread and wine + +Change to active voice. AT: "we have plenty of bread and wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants + +The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. AT: "me, my concubine, and my servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# We lack nothing + +This can be written as a positive statement. AT: "We have everything we need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/20.md b/jdg/19/20.md index 13523948da..5c12d4caab 100644 --- a/jdg/19/20.md +++ b/jdg/19/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Only do not -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +"Do not." The word "only" is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do. -## translationNotes +# square -* **square** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jdg:19:16]]. +This refers to the city square. See how you translated this [Judges 19:17](./16.md). + +# brought the Levite into his house + +This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the man's concubine and servant as well. AT: "invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/22.md b/jdg/19/22.md index a68b8e2f78..fd163f994b 100644 --- a/jdg/19/22.md +++ b/jdg/19/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# they were making their hearts glad -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +The phrase "making their hearts glad" is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. AT: "they were have a good time together" or "they were enjoying themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# some men of ... surrounded the house -* **men ... surrounded the house** - Many men stood on all sides of the house. +Some men stood on all sides of the house. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/24.md b/jdg/19/24.md index 5f23f40d09..8ace4d1cd1 100644 --- a/jdg/19/24.md +++ b/jdg/19/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +This word is used to get the peoples' attention. AT: "Listen" -## translationNotes +# the men would not listen to him -* **the man seized his concubine** - The Levite seized his concubine. -* **at dawn** - "when the sun was coming up" +Here the author speaks of "agreeing" as if it were "listening." AT: "the men would not accept his offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the man seized his concubine + +there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. AT: "the Levite seized his concubine" + +# at dawn + +"when the sun was coming up" or "at first light" This refers to when the sun begins to rise. + +# it was light + +This refers to morning when it is bright outside. AT: "the sun was fully risen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/27.md b/jdg/19/27.md index f25d04af6a..2de493c1ee 100644 --- a/jdg/19/27.md +++ b/jdg/19/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# But there was no answer -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:threshold]] - -## translationNotes - -* **But there was no answer** - "But she did not answer because she was dead" +The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. AT: "But she did not answer because she was dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/29.md b/jdg/19/29.md index df2d3ff84a..b88d1aa134 100644 --- a/jdg/19/29.md +++ b/jdg/19/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# limb by limb -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"section by section." The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. "Limbs" refers to a person's arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# twelve pieces +"12 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel + +This means that he sent sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. AT: "sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/intro.md b/jdg/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0b34fd411e --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Judges 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The sin of Benjamin ##### +People from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor's wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/01.md b/jdg/20/01.md index 3be9dc66be..caef672708 100644 --- a/jdg/20/01.md +++ b/jdg/20/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# as one man -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. AT: "as if they were a single man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# from Dan to Beersheba -* **as one man** - AT: "unified" -* **from Dan to Beersheba** - This refers to the land as a whole. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **God—400,000 men on foot** - AT: "God, including 400,000 men on foot" -* **400,000** - "four hundred thousand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This refers to the land as a whole. AT: "from all the eleven tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# God—400,000 men on foot + +"God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came" + +# ready to fight + +"capable of going to war." They were not going to fight each other. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/03.md b/jdg/20/03.md index a9222cec5e..c620cb82d4 100644 --- a/jdg/20/03.md +++ b/jdg/20/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew. -## translationNotes +# had gone up to Mizpah -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew. -* **to spend the night** - "for the night" or "to stay for a night" +Mizpah was located high in the mountains. + +# to spend the night + +"for the night" or "to stay for a night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/05.md b/jdg/20/05.md index 75ed08006a..b8a9cf1a44 100644 --- a/jdg/20/05.md +++ b/jdg/20/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# wickedness and outrage -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +The word "outrage" describes the "wickedness." AT: "outrageous wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* **wickedness and outrage** - These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad this action was. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Now** - This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite. -* **advice and attention** - "advice and counsel." These two words refer to the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that it will be the Israelites who will decide what to do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite. + +# give your advice and counsel here + +The words "advice" and "counsel" refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. AT: "decide what we need to do about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/08.md b/jdg/20/08.md index 11e3ee21f3..a46b22e9f5 100644 --- a/jdg/20/08.md +++ b/jdg/20/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# as one -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. AT: "as if they were a single man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# None of us will go to his tent ... none of us will return to his house -* **None of us will to go to his tent and none of us will return to his house** - AT: "We will all stay here." These two lines talk about the same thing and are used together to emphasize how committed they were. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **But now** - These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation. +These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words "none ... go" and "none ... return" emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. AT: "We will all stay here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# But now + +These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation. + +# as the lot directs + +This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/10.md b/jdg/20/10.md index 16cccf12b9..9c6b56bdc1 100644 --- a/jdg/20/10.md +++ b/jdg/20/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# ten men of a hundred ... one hundred of a thousand ... one thousand of ten thousand -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +"10 men out of 100 ... 100 out of 1,000 ... 1,000 out of 10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# provisions -* **ten men of a hundred ... one hundred of a thousand ... one thousand of ten thousand** - "10 men of 100 ... 100 of 1,000 ... 1,000 of 10,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **provisions** - "food" or "supplies" -* **assembled against the city** - AT: "come together to attack the city" -* **united with one purpose** - "united as one man" AT: "united as if they were one man" +"food" or "supplies" + +# assembled against the city + +"came together to attack the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/12.md b/jdg/20/12.md index 39cf1d56f1..a6bc9eff61 100644 --- a/jdg/20/12.md +++ b/jdg/20/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# put them to death -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +This is an idiom. AT: "kill them" or "execute them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the voice of their brothers -* **put them to death** - "kill them" AT: "execute them" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the voice of their brothers** - AT: "their brothers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "voice" refers to the message that they spoke. AT: "what their brother said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/15.md b/jdg/20/15.md index d3b9d24439..f655b1b6fa 100644 --- a/jdg/20/15.md +++ b/jdg/20/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-six thousand -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"26,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# seven hundred -* **26,000** - "twenty six thousand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **seven hundred** - "700" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **left-handed** - handed** - A left-handed person is someone who uses their left hand for important things, like holding a weapon. -* **could sling a stone at a hair and not miss** - This expression is to show how well they could aim. AT: "could sling a stone with great precision" +"700" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# left-handed + +A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand. + +# could sling a stone at a hair and not miss + +This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it" or "could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/17.md b/jdg/20/17.md index e277f3e0c4..01c178daf3 100644 --- a/jdg/20/17.md +++ b/jdg/20/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# not counting -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethel|Bethel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"not including" -## translationNotes +# 400,000 -* **400,000** - "four hundred thousand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **asked for advice from God** - AT: "asked God what to do" or "asked God how to continue" +"four hundred thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# asked for advice from God + +"asked God what to do" or "asked God how to continue" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/19.md b/jdg/20/19.md index eb2bd665ec..ee20d0db49 100644 --- a/jdg/20/19.md +++ b/jdg/20/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# moved their camp near Gibeah -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] +There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight. -## translationNotes +# twenty-two thousand -* **facing Gibeah** - AT: "looking toward Gibeah" -* **22,000** - "twenty two thousand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"22,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/22.md b/jdg/20/22.md index 5bdf219e87..fcf9ea3631 100644 --- a/jdg/20/22.md +++ b/jdg/20/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# strengthened themselves -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "strengthened" is an idiom that means they encouraged each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# they formed the battle line -* **draw near again** - AT: "prepare again" or "march to battle again" -* ** they sought direction from Yahweh** - The priest cast lots according to the Law to determine God's will. +This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next day's fighting. AT: "they got ready to fight the next day" + +# they sought direction from Yahweh + +The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God's will. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/24.md b/jdg/20/24.md index 5cac19b2ca..76117be1b0 100644 --- a/jdg/20/24.md +++ b/jdg/20/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# eighteen thousand -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] - -## translationNotes - -* **18,000** - "eighteen thousand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"18,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/26.md b/jdg/20/26.md index 10df0be268..b06d53a56b 100644 --- a/jdg/20/26.md +++ b/jdg/20/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethel|Bethel]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:fast|fast]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering|peace offering]] - -## translationNotes - -* **before Yahweh** - "in the presence of Yahweh" AT: "to Yahweh" +"in Yahweh's presence" or "to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/27.md b/jdg/20/27.md index 72853d5981..19796a0045 100644 --- a/jdg/20/27.md +++ b/jdg/20/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for the ark of the covenant of God ... was serving before the ark in those days -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:eleazar]] +This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# was there in those days -* **was there in those days** - AT: "was at Bethel in those days" -* **was serving before the ark** - AT: "was serving as priest before the ark" -* **Attack, for tomorrow I will help you defeat them** - This battle was to be Yahweh's but Israel had to first be humble before God. +"was at Bethel in those days" + +# was serving before the ark + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "was serving as priest before the ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Attack + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Attack the army of Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/29.md b/jdg/20/29.md index 068553a8ae..7002c51c4a 100644 --- a/jdg/20/29.md +++ b/jdg/20/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel set men -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# secret places +"in ambush" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/31.md b/jdg/20/31.md index 13a0a846b9..3e87f552b6 100644 --- a/jdg/20/31.md +++ b/jdg/20/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# fought against the people -* [[en:tw:Bethel]] +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "fought against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they were drawn away from the city -* **fought against the people** - AT: "fought against the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **they were drawn away from the city** - AT: "the people of Israel drew them away from the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They began to kill some of the people** - AT: "The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of Israel drew them away from the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They began to kill some of the people + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/32.md b/jdg/20/32.md index 377f674ecb..05fc42289c 100644 --- a/jdg/20/32.md +++ b/jdg/20/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# just as at first -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +"just as before" or "just like the first two times" -## translationNotes +# Baal Tamar -* **just as at first** - AT: "just as before" or "just like the first two times" -* **Baal Tamar** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Maareh Gibeah** - This is the name of a place. Other translations may read "fields of Gibeah" or "west of Gibeah" or "Maareh geba." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Maareh Gibeah + +This is the name of a place. Other translations may read "fields of Gibeah" or "west of Gibeah" or "Maareh Geba." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/34.md b/jdg/20/34.md index f16ccb92a6..8aad85891f 100644 --- a/jdg/20/34.md +++ b/jdg/20/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# ten thousand -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:gibeah]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# chosen men -* **10,000 ... 25,100** - "ten thousand ... twenty five thousand one hundred" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **chosen men** - AT: "well-trained soldier" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. AT: "well-trained soldier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# disaster was close to them + +Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. AT: "they would soon be completely defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# 25,100 men + +"twenty-five thousand one hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/36.md b/jdg/20/36.md index e4f24e7094..f535ec14c1 100644 --- a/jdg/20/36.md +++ b/jdg/20/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men ... outside Gibeah +From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# had given ground to Benjamin -* **had given ground to Benjamin** - AT: "had allowed Benjamin to move forward" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they were counting on the men** - AT: "they had plans for the men" +This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. AT: "had allowed Benjamin to move forward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they were counting on the men + +This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/39.md b/jdg/20/39.md index be284a6ce4..128ce3120c 100644 --- a/jdg/20/39.md +++ b/jdg/20/39.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] +This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# would turn from the battle -* This verse briefly retells what happened before. -* **would turn in the battle away from the fight** - AT: "would retreat from the fight" -* **defeated before us** - AT: "defeated by us" +"would retreat from the fight" + +# they are defeated before us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we have defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/40.md b/jdg/20/40.md index d768b967ad..972ba6ce7b 100644 --- a/jdg/20/40.md +++ b/jdg/20/40.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# disaster -* **disaster** - "harm" or "trouble" or "misery" +"great harm" or "trouble" or "misery" + +# come on them + +This idiom means it happened to them. AT: "happened to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/42.md b/jdg/20/42.md index 791eea4554..3fc0c61d7d 100644 --- a/jdg/20/42.md +++ b/jdg/20/42.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# But the fighting overtook them -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] - -## translationNotes - -* **But the fighting overtook them** - AT: "But the soldiers of Israel overtook them" or "But they were not able to escape the fighting" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. AT: "But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them" or "But they were not able to escape the fighting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/43.md b/jdg/20/43.md index 0601cafe77..6d81c59608 100644 --- a/jdg/20/43.md +++ b/jdg/20/43.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Nohah -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# trampled them down -* **Nohah** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and killed them** - AT: "and were killing them while they were running" -* **18,000** - "eighteen thousand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **were distinguished in battle** - AT: "had fought bravely in the battle" +The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. AT: "they completely destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# eighteen thousand + +"18,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# were distinguished in battle + +"had fought bravely in the battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/45.md b/jdg/20/45.md index b417be0413..406aba89ad 100644 --- a/jdg/20/45.md +++ b/jdg/20/45.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They turned and fled -* [[en:tw:Rimmon]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"The remaining Benjamites turned and fled" -## translationNotes +# five thousand ... two thousand -* **the rock of Rimmon** - AT: "the cave of Rimmon" -* **They turned and fled** - AT: "The Benjamites turned and fled" -* **five thousand ... two thousand** - "5,000 ... 2,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Gidom** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **25,000** - "twenty five thousand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"5,000 ... 2,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Gidom + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty-five thousand + +"25,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/47.md b/jdg/20/47.md index 78c3aadfbd..13d8a5e853 100644 --- a/jdg/20/47.md +++ b/jdg/20/47.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# six hundred -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] +"600" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# turned back against the people of Benjamin -* **six hundred** - "600" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **turned and fled** - These two words together describe a single action. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **turned back against the people of Benjamin** - These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city. -* **attacked and killed** - These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize how brutal the attack was. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the entire city** - AT: "everyone who was in the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **every town in their path** - AT: "every town they found" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city. + +# the entire city + +Here "the ... city" refers to the people in that city. AT: "everyone who was in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in their path + +This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. AT: "they came to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/intro.md b/jdg/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9982624180 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Judges 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Benjamin destroyed ##### + +The army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/01.md b/jdg/21/01.md index bf01ab454e..15ef53797f 100644 --- a/jdg/21/01.md +++ b/jdg/21/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now the men of Israel had made a promise ... marry a Benjamite." -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Benjamite -* **Benjamite** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:03:15]]. -* **Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today?** - They are using a question while crying out to God to express their sadness for the great sin of the Benjamites. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) AT: "Oh, God, how sad we are for what the Benjamites have done." +This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). + +# Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today? + +The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/04.md b/jdg/21/04.md index 4ece12499f..f959a90859 100644 --- a/jdg/21/04.md +++ b/jdg/21/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The people of Israel said, "Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?" -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. -## translationNotes +# For they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, "He would certainly be put to death." +This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# He would certainly be put to death + +Here "He" refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "We will certainly kill that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/06.md b/jdg/21/06.md index c4cd350132..610ccacdf7 100644 --- a/jdg/21/06.md +++ b/jdg/21/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# their brother Benjamin -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israel's brother to show their closeness to the tribe. AT: "the surviving Benjamites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# one tribe has been cut off from Israel -* **their brother Benjamin** - brother in this case is referring to the tribe of Benjamin. AT: "the tribe of Benjamin" +The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. AT: "one tribe has been removed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters? + +The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/08.md b/jdg/21/08.md index 2433a3ff98..eb71395daf 100644 --- a/jdg/21/08.md +++ b/jdg/21/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jabesh Gilead -* [[en:tw:Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# people were set out in an orderly manner -* **Jabesh Gilead** - The name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **people were set out in an orderly manner** - AT: "people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for" -* **12,000** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for" + +# none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there + +This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twelve thousand + +"12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# kill them, even the women and children + +The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/11.md b/jdg/21/11.md index edcab6649d..88f00551fc 100644 --- a/jdg/21/11.md +++ b/jdg/21/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jabesh Gilead -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](./08.md). -## translationNotes +# slept with a man -* **Jabesh Gilead** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:21:08]]. -* **four hundred young women** - "400 young women" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **never slept with a man** - "never had sexual relations with a man" +This is a euphemism for sexual relations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# four hundred young women + +"400 young women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/13.md b/jdg/21/13.md index 0b4fa86d82..303b109806 100644 --- a/jdg/21/13.md +++ b/jdg/21/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they were offering them peace -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Rimmon]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The abstract noun "peace" can be translated with a verb phrase. AT: "they wanted to stop fighting with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Jabesh Gilead -* **Jabesh Gilead** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:21:08]]. -* **because Yahweh made a division between the tribes of Israel** - "because their sin caused Yahweh to punish them through the other tribes of Israel" +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](./08.md). + +# there were not enough women for all of them + +There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead. + +# made a division between the tribes of Israel + +"had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/16.md b/jdg/21/16.md index d09446aea2..1d17363d98 100644 --- a/jdg/21/16.md +++ b/jdg/21/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Benjamites -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). -## translationNotes +# the women of Benjamin have been killed -* **Benjamites** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jdg:03:15]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we killed all the Benjamite women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# There must be an inheritance ... is not destroyed from Israel + +The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/18.md b/jdg/21/18.md index 97b37b6de8..0853a14199 100644 --- a/jdg/21/18.md +++ b/jdg/21/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a wife to Benjamin -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:Shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. AT: "a wife to the men of Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah -* **Lebonah** - The name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Lebonah + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/20.md b/jdg/21/20.md index 33f6adb44a..74e847bd3c 100644 --- a/jdg/21/20.md +++ b/jdg/21/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:Shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] - -## translationNotes +# each one of you should grab a wife ... go back to the land of Benjamin +It it understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/22.md b/jdg/21/22.md index c4b9a7177a..26fc266cfb 100644 --- a/jdg/21/22.md +++ b/jdg/21/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Show us favor -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] +The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as an action. AT: "Act kindly toward us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# because we did not get wives for each man during the war -* **because we did not get wives during the war** - The leaders instruct the other how they should explain the kidnapping of the young women. AT: "because we did not get wives for them during the war with Jabesh Gilead." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You are innocent ... not give your daughters to them + +This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/23.md b/jdg/21/23.md index e70179e2af..6817d4244d 100644 --- a/jdg/21/23.md +++ b/jdg/21/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] - -## translationNotes +# the number of wives that they needed +This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead (See: [Judges 21:14](./13.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/25.md b/jdg/21/25.md index ec2f5cf3a8..bdaf4c40e4 100644 --- a/jdg/21/25.md +++ b/jdg/21/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# there was no king in Israel -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +"Israel did not yet have a king" -## translationNotes +# what was right in his own eyes +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what he judged to be right" or "what he considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/intro.md b/jdg/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1d9d2a608 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Judges 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sin and immorality ##### + +At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, "everyone did what was right in his own eyes." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/front/intro.md b/jdg/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25714e5293 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Introduction to Judges # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Judges #### + + - The time from Joshua, and conquests of Canaan (1:1–2:5) +1. History of the Judges of Israel (2:6–16:31) + - Cushan Rishathaim in conflict with Othniel (3:7–11) + - Eglon in conflict with Ehud; Philistines against Shamgar (3:12–31) + - Sisera and Jabin in conflict with Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31) + - Gideon's wars (6:1–8:32) + - Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (8:33–10:5) + - Ammonites and Philistines in conflict with Jepthah; Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (10:6–12:15) + - Samson (13:1–16:31) +1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31) +1. The account of what happened in the city of Gibeah and how the other Israelites took revenge (19:1–21:25) + +#### What is the book of Judges about? #### + +The book of Judges tells of some events that occurred in Israel over a period of about 150 years. This was a period after the Israelites had settled in the Promised Land and leading up to the death of Samson. + +The theme of this book is how the Israelites repeatedly went against Yahweh by adopting the idolatry and immoral practices of the surrounding peoples. The Israelites then came under the oppression of enemy nations, in which they suffered until they called to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then bring forward someone to lead the nation to victory and freedom. This person, called a "judge," would then lead Israel or part of Israel in time of peace until he or she died. + +After that judge's death, the same pattern of events would repeat itself. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +This book traditionally has the title "Judges" because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use a title such as, "The Book about the Leaders in Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What kind of leaders were the judges? #### + +These were men and women whom God chose to lead the Israelites to victory over their enemies. After achieving victory, these leaders usually continued to serve the people by deciding disputes among them and by helping them to make important decisions. Many of these leaders served the entire people of Israel, but some of these leaders seem to have served only certain tribes. + +#### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges? #### + +Rather than being a unified nation during this time, Israel was a loose association of twelve tribes. These tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh and sometimes helped each other in time of military need. + +#### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges? #### + +Israel struggled during this time to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the phrase "in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes?" #### + +This phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges, and shorter versions occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive during the later time of kings of Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer was looking back at this earlier history of Israel in a negative way. + +The translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book's writer is looking back a long time into the past. + +#### What is the meaning of the phrase "to this day"? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. He must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation's readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/01.md b/jer/01/01.md index 4a51e0e055..95a84187e7 100644 --- a/jer/01/01.md +++ b/jer/01/01.md @@ -1,40 +1,59 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, one of the priests -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim|Jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah|Zedekiah]] +"Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Jeremiah was one of the priests" -## translationNotes +# Hilkiah -* **Hilkiah ... Amon** - men's names (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Anathoth** - name of a town (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - AT: "Yahweh spoke his word to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **came to him ** - "came to Jeremiah" -* **his reign** - "Josiah's reign" -* **It also came** - "The word of Yahweh also came" -* **of Zedekiah** - "of the reign of Zedekiah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anathoth + +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the land of Benjamin + +"the land that belongs to the tribe of Benjamin" + +# The word of Yahweh came to him + +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to him. AT: "Yahweh gave messages to him" or "Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah + +Here "in the days of" is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. AT: "when Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the thirteenth ... the eleventh + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Amon + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# his reign + +"Josiah's reign" + +# It also came + +"The word of Yahweh also came" + +# in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah + +Here "in the days of" is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. AT: "when Johoiakim son of Josiah was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the fifth month + +This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# of Zedekiah + +This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "of the reign of Zedekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when the people of Jerusalem were taken away as prisoners + +This can be stated in active form. It can be stated clearly that they were taken to Babylon. AT: "when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem away as prisoners" or "when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem as prisoners to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/04.md b/jer/01/04.md index c2536b3d74..eef570c736 100644 --- a/jer/01/04.md +++ b/jer/01/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify|sanctify, sanctification]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:womb|womb]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# formed -* **The word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **came to me** - "came to Jeremiah" -* **formed** - "developed" or "shaped" +"developed" or "shaped" + +# before you came out from the womb + +This can also be expressed without referring to the womb. AT: "before you were born" + +# Ah, Lord Yahweh + +Here "Ah" shows Jeremiah's fear of doing what God has said. + +# I do not know how to speak + +Jeremiah may have been exaggerating to show his fear of speaking in public. AT: "I do not know how to speak in public" or "I do not know how to make announcements to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/07.md b/jer/01/07.md index bffed348da..437368bdb3 100644 --- a/jer/01/07.md +++ b/jer/01/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be afraid of them -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to" -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **Yahweh's declaration** - "what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has said" +The word "this" refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/09.md b/jer/01/09.md index d8adc9fcbb..db387a8b25 100644 --- a/jer/01/09.md +++ b/jer/01/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. AT: "Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth" or 2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. AT: "Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# I have placed my word in your mouth -* **placed my word in your mouth** - AT: "given you my message for you to speak to the people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **uproot** - pull a plant all the way out of the ground, the opposite of "plant." AT: "destroy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **break down** - the opposite of "build" -* **destroy ... overthrow** - Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. AT: "I have given you my message for you to speak to the people" or "I have enabled you to tell the people my message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am appointing you ... to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant + +Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen. + +# to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant + +He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations. + +# to uproot + +God speaks of Jeremiah destroying the nations by what he says as if the nations were plants and he were to pull them up out of the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to destroy and overthrow + +Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to build and plant + +God speaks of Jeremiah causing nations to become strong as if they were a building and he would build them, and as if they were plants and he would plant them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/11.md b/jer/01/11.md index 5fb782a214..7a7f4f6fe3 100644 --- a/jer/01/11.md +++ b/jer/01/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:watch|watch]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I see an almond branch -* **The word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **I see an almond branch** - Yahweh shows Jeremiah a spiritual vision. -* **almond** - a nut tree (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **for I am watching over my word** - The Hebrew words for "almond" and "watch over" sound almost the same (see UDB). God wants Jeremiah to remember that God wants his word to succeed every time he sees an almond branch. +Yahweh shows Jeremiah a spiritual vision. + +# an almond branch + +An almond tree is a kind of nut tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# I am watching over my word to carry it out + +This represents guaranteeing that he will do what he has said. AT: "I am remembering my word to carry it out" or "I guarantee that I will do what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for I am watching over my word + +The Hebrew words for "almond" and "watch over" sound almost the same. God wants Jeremiah to remember that God will make his word succeed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/13.md b/jer/01/13.md index 789119e53d..75189d1a72 100644 --- a/jer/01/13.md +++ b/jer/01/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying -* [[en:tw:life]] +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this second message to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# whose surface is churning -* **The word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. +The surface refers to the surface of the water in the pot. Jeremiah could see the water boiling. AT: "whose water is boiling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tipping away from the north + +This means that it was tipping toward the south, where Jeremiah was in Judah. + +# Disaster will be opened up out of the north + +"Disaster will be let loose from the north." This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. AT: "Disaster will come from the north" or "I will send disaster from the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/15.md b/jer/01/15.md index 2a45ac8dc2..1733fbb6f8 100644 --- a/jer/01/15.md +++ b/jer/01/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about the disaster that would come from the north. -## translationNotes +# everyone -* **declares Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **everyone** - the leaders of all those northern kingdoms (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **will set his throne at the entrance of the gates** - AT:"will sit in judgment at the entrance to the city" -* **pronounce sentence against them** - "announce how I will punish them" +This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. AT: "every king" or "all of the northern kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem + +Possible meanings are 1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. AT: "will rule at the gates of Jerusalem" or 2) this represents judging Jerusalem. AT: "will judge Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# against all the walls that surround it + +Setting their thrones "against all the walls that surround it" represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. AT: "and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against all the cities of Judah + +Setting their thrones "against all the cities of Judah" represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will pronounce sentence against them + +"I will announce how I will punish them" + +# I will pronounce sentence against them + +"I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah" + +# worshiping what they made with their own hands + +Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/17.md b/jer/01/17.md index ef23960fa9..580c93f518 100644 --- a/jer/01/17.md +++ b/jer/01/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -## translationNotes +# Do not be shattered ... I will shatter you -* **Do not be shattered ... I will shatter** - "Do not be extremely frightened ... I will extremely frighten" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **shatter** - break into small pieces -* **See!** - AT: "Pay attention!" -* **iron ... bronze** - the strongest materials known in those days (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +Here "be shattered" represents being extremely afraid, and "shatter" represents causing Jeremiah to be extremely afraid. AT: "Do not be terrified ... I will terrify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Behold! + +"Pay attention!" + +# Today I have made you a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls against the whole land + +Being strong like these things represents being confident and unchanging in saying what God had told him to say. AT: "I have made you strong against the whole land like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# iron ... bronze + +These were the strongest materials known at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the whole land + +This represents all the people of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will fight against you + +This refers to the people of Judah. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](./07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/intro.md b/jer/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..87500b8c7a --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Jeremiah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:4-10, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jeremiah appointed as prophet ##### + +God chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Northern kingdom ##### +This was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it. + +##### Opposition ##### +The people were supposed to listen to God's prophet. When he prophesied, they should have repented. Instead, they persecuted Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Jeremiah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/01.md b/jer/02/01.md index 91e011f6ac..e01c8c1aff 100644 --- a/jer/02/01.md +++ b/jer/02/01.md @@ -1,30 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Go and proclaim in the hearing of Jerusalem -* **The word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **to me** - to Jeremiah -* **Go and proclaim in the ears of Jerusalem** - AT: "Go and speak to the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **on your behalf** - "for your benefit" or "in your interest" -* **when we were engaged** - "when we first agreed that we would marry each other," when the Israelites loved him and were loyal to him (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the land that was not sown** - AT: "the land where no one has sown seed" or "the land where no food was growing" -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +"Go and speak where the people in Jerusalem can hear you" + +# I have called to mind on your behalf + +"I remember about you" + +# the covenant faithfulness in your youthfulness, your love + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness," "youthfulness" and "love" can be expressed with the adjectives "faithful" and "young," and the verb "love." AT: "how, when you were young, you were faithful to our covenant, and how you loved me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when we were engaged + +God speaks of his relationship with the people of Israel as though they had been engaged to be married. AT: "when we first agreed that we would marry each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land that was not sown + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "the land where no one had sown seed" or "the land where no food was growing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the firstfruits of his harvest + +God speaks of Israel as if they were an offering dedicated to God. AT: "like the firstfruits of his harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All who ate from the firstfruits were held guilty + +God speaks of those who attacked Israel as if they were eating the offering that was set apart for God. AT: "All who attacked Israel were held guilty like people who ate from the first fruits of his harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# disaster came upon them + +The phrase "came upon them" is a metaphor for happened to them. AT: "Disasters happened to them" or "I made terrible things happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/04.md b/jer/02/04.md index 51091db035..82338182d7 100644 --- a/jer/02/04.md +++ b/jer/02/04.md @@ -1,30 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# house of Jacob and every family in the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:arabah|Arabah]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Jacob and Israel were two names for one man, and these two phrases refer to the same group of people. AT: "all you descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# house of Jacob -* **house of Jacob and every family in the house of Israel** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "all you descendants of Jacob" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **What did your fathers find wrong with me, that they went far from following me? That they went after useless idols and became useless themselves?** - AT: "I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they have offended me by no longer obeying me and by starting to worship useless idols and becoming useless themselves!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **useless** - "worthless" -* **Where is Yahweh, who brought us ...? Where is Yahweh, who led us ...?** - "We should learn what Yahweh wants us to do. He is the one who brought us ..., and he is the one who led us ...." +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What did your fathers find wrong with me, that they went far from following me? That they went after useless idols and became useless themselves? + +Yahweh uses these questions to say that since he has done no wrong, his people should not have rejected him and worshiped idols. AT: "I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they should not have gone far from following me, and they should not have gone after useless idols. By doing that they themselves have become useless!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they went far from following me + +This represents rejecting God and refusing to be loyal to him. AT: "they rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they went after useless idols + +This represents choosing to be loyal to idols and worship them. AT: "they worshiped useless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# useless + +"worthless" + +# They did not say + +It is implied that they should have said what follows. AT: "They should have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Where is Yahweh, who brought us ... Egypt? + +This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people's need of Yahweh. AT: "We need Yahweh. He is the one who brought us ... Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where is Yahweh, who led us ... lives? + +This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people's need of Yahweh. AT: "We need Yahweh. He is the one who led us ... lives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a land of drought and deep darkness + +A "land of drought" is a land that does not have enough water. Here "deep darkness" is a metaphor for danger. AT: "a dangerous land where there is not enough water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/07.md b/jer/02/07.md index 1542b2c81d..cab9c4241b 100644 --- a/jer/02/07.md +++ b/jer/02/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# you defiled my land, you made my inheritance an abomination! -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:unprofitable]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# you defiled my land -* **Yet when you came, you defiled my land; you made my inheritance an abomination** - AT: "There you sinned and made the land I gave you filthy" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The priest did not say, “Where is Yahweh?” and the experts in the Law did not care about me!** - AT: The priests and other religious leaders did not want to know me." (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The shepherds transgressed against me** - "Their leaders sinned against me" -* **shepherds** - "leaders" -* **and walked after unprofitable things.** - AT: and prayed to gods that could not help them" -* **walked after** - "obeyed" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "defiled" represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. AT: "by sinning, you made my land no good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you made my inheritance an abomination + +"you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin" or "by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive" + +# my inheritance + +Possible meanings are 1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. AT: "my land" or 2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. AT: "the land I gave you" or "the land I gave you as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Where is Yahweh? + +This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. AT: "We need to obey Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# did not care about me + +"were not committed to me" or "rejected me" + +# The shepherds transgressed against me + +The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. AT: "Their leaders sinned against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walked after unprofitable things + +Here "walked after" represents obeying or worshiping. AT: "obeyed unprofitable things" or "worshiped unprofitable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unprofitable things + +Unprofitable things are things that cannot help a person. Here it refers to idols. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/09.md b/jer/02/09.md index e0257c28f5..fc95095ff1 100644 --- a/jer/02/09.md +++ b/jer/02/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# So I will still accuse you -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **So I will accuse you** - AT: "Therefore, I will accuse the house of Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how this is translated in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]] -* **your sons' sons** - "your future generations" -* **cross over to the coasts of Kittim** - "travel across the ocean and to the island of Kittim" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kittim** - Cyprus (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kedar** - a land far to the east of Israel (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Has a nation exchanged gods ...?** - AT: "You will see that no nation has ever exchanged ...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **what cannot help them** - "gods who cannot help them" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# your sons' sons + +"your future generations" + +# cross over to the coasts of Kittim + +Kittim was an island west of Israel. Today it is called Cyprus. It represented all the lands far to the west of Israel. AT: "go west across the ocean to Kittim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Send messengers out to Kedar + +Kedar is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. AT: "Send messengers far east to the land of Kedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Has a nation exchanged gods ... gods? + +God uses this question to tell the people of Israel that other nations continue to worship their own gods. They do not change and worship other gods. AT: "You will see that no nation has ever exchanged gods ... gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But my people have exchanged their glory for what cannot help them + +Here God speaks as though he were not speaking directly to his people. AT: "But you, my people, have exchanged me, your glorious God, for what cannot help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# their glory + +This expression refers to God himself, who is glorious. AT: "their glorious God" or "me, your glorious God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for what cannot help + +Here false gods are spoken of in terms of what they cannot do. AT: "for false gods, which cannot help" or "for gods who cannot help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/12.md b/jer/02/12.md index 35d03489b6..1197663bb5 100644 --- a/jer/02/12.md +++ b/jer/02/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Shudder, heavens, because of this! Be shocked and horrified -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Yahweh turns and talks to the heavens as if they were there listening to him. God says this to express that what Israel has done is terrible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# Shudder, heavens, because of this! Be shocked and horrified -* **Shudder, heavens, because of this! Be shocked and horrified** - The speaker is turning and talking to the heaven as if it were a person. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **abandoned the springs** - AT: "abandoned me, their spring" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **by digging out cisterns for themselves** - Idols are compared to broken cisterns. AT: by worshipping useless gods" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **cisterns** - "deep hole for storing water." +Possible meanings are 1) God speaks to the creatures in the heavens or 2) God speaks to the heavens themselves as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# have abandoned the springs of living waters + +God speaks of himself as if he were springs of living waters. AT: "have abandoned me, their springs of living waters" or "have abandoned me, who is like springs of living water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have dug out cisterns for themselves + +God speaks of false gods as if they were cisterns that people dig in order to get water. AT: "have gone to false gods, which are like cisterns they have dug for themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cisterns + +"deep holes for storing water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/14.md b/jer/02/14.md index 2b77a6fab3..2f1020fc32 100644 --- a/jer/02/14.md +++ b/jer/02/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master's home? So why has he become plunder? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:skull]] +Though Yahweh was speaking to the people of Israel, he used the third person as though he were talking to someone else about Israel. AT: "Israel, are you a slave? Were you born at home? So why have you become plunder?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master's home? -* **Is Israel a slave? Was he not born at home? So why has he become plunder?** - AT: "You people of Israel were not born slaves; but now you have been plundered by your enemies." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **why has he become plunder?** - AT: "Everything you owned has been taken by force?" -* **Young lions roared against him. They made a lot of noise and made his land a horror! His cities are destroyed without any inhabitants.** - AT: "Your enemies attacked you roaring like young lions. They destroyed your land and burned your towns so that no one can live in them." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **roar** - a loud sound made by a wild animal -* **inhabitants** - people who live in a certain place -* **Memphis and Tahpanhes** - cities in Egypt (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **shave your skull** - The Egyptians shaved the hair of the head of an Israelite to show that they were now slaves. -* **Did you not do this to yourselves when you abandoned Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way?** - AT: "You cause this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses these questions to tell why Israel should not have become plunder. AT: "Israel is not a slave. Israel was not born at home." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Was he born in his master's home + +Here "born in his master's home" is metonym for being born into slavery. AT: "Was he born a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So why has he become plunder? + +Yahweh uses this question to indicate that Israel should not have become plunder. AT: "So he should not have become plunder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# So why has he become plunder + +Here "become plunder" represents being attacked and taken as captives to another country. AT: "So why has Israel been taken away as captives" or "So why have Israel's enemies taken Israel away as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Young lions roared against him. They made a lot of noise + +God speaks of Israel's enemies attacking Israel as if the enemies were lions roaring and attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# made his land a horror + +This represents destroying the land in such a way that people will feel horror when they see it. AT: "destroyed Israel's land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Young lions roared + +A roar is a loud sound that a wild animal makes when it attacks. + +# His cities are destroyed without any inhabitants + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They have destroyed Israel's cities and now no one lives in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# inhabitants + +people who live in a certain place + +# Memphis and Tahpanhes + +These are the names of two cities in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# will shave your skull + +The Egyptians shaved the head of their slaves to mark them as slaves. + +# will shave your skull + +Some versions interpret the Hebrew text as "have cracked your skull." + +# Did you not do this to yourselves when you abandoned Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way? + +Yahweh uses this question to remind Israel that it is their own fault that their enemies attacked them. AT: "You caused this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God while he was leading you along the way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/18.md b/jer/02/18.md index 19fcfdaf38..6747e22bc0 100644 --- a/jer/02/18.md +++ b/jer/02/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So now, why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor? Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River? -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire, Asshur]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates|Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Yahweh uses these questions to remind his people that it does not do any good to ask Egypt and Assyria to help them. AT: "It does not help you to go to Egypt and drink from the waters of the Shihor River, or to go to Assyria and drink from the waters of the Euphrates River." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor ... Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River -* **So now, why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor? Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River?** - AT: "You should not travel to Shihor to make an alliance with the rulers of Egypt. You should not travel to the Euphrates River to make an alliance with Assyria! (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Shihor** - the southwestern boundary of Canaan, a dry river bed -* **Your wickedness rebukes you, and your faithlessness punishes you.** - AT: "Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you." (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **dread** - great fear +These are a metaphor for asking the Egyptian and Assyrian armies to help them. AT: "why ask the Egyptians to help you ... Why ask the Assyrians to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Shihor + +This is the name of a stream associated with Egypt. It may have been a branch of the Nile River. Some versions call it the Nile. AT: "the Shihor Stream" or "the Shihor River" or "the Nile River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Your wickedness rebukes you, and your faithlessness punishes you + +Both of these phrases mean that their punishment is the result of their wicked behavior. AT: "Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# it is wicked and bitter + +Here the word "bitter" describes "wicked." AT: "it is bitterly wicked" or "it is extremely wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/20.md b/jer/02/20.md index 2274bb2df8..0da3e18131 100644 --- a/jer/02/20.md +++ b/jer/02/20.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# For I broke your yoke that you had in ancient days; I tore your fetters off you. Still you said, 'I will not serve!' -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Here "broke your yoke" and "tore your fetters off you" are metaphors for setting them free from slavery. The people of Israel had been slaves in Egypt. AT: "Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# fetters -* **For I broke your yoke that you had in ancient days; I tore your fetters off you. Still you said, “I will not serve!”** - AT: "Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **since you bowed down on every high hill and beneath every leafy tree, you adulterer.** - "You bowed down to idols and worshipped them like an adulterous wife treats her husband." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **fetters** - chains used to restrain a person or an animal -* **beneath** - below -* **But I myself had planted you as a choice vine, a completely true seed.** - AT: " I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **planted** - to place in the ground to grow -* **a disloyal one from a foreign vine!** - AT: "you've become like a rotten, worthless vine." -* **disloyal** - traitorous, faithless -* **your iniquity is a stain** - AT: "you are still guilty of sinning" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **stain** - in this usage stain represents the constant reminder of Israel's sin -* **Lord Yahweh’s declaration.** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +chains used to restrain a person or an animal + +# since you bowed down on every high hill and beneath every leafy tree, you adulterer + +What they bowed down to can be stated clearly. Here "adulterer" is a metaphor for someone who is unfaithful to God. AT: "You bowed down to idols and worshiped them instead of me, like an adulterous wife who is unfaithful to her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# beneath + +below + +# I planted you as a choice vine, completely from pure seed + +God speaks of making his people into a great nation in Canaan as if they were the seed of a grapevine that he had planted. AT: "I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning, like a farmer who uses excellent seed to plant the best kind of vine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a choice vine + +"a vine of very good quality" + +# completely from pure seed + +Here "pure seed" is the best seed that has not been mixed with seed that is not good. AT: "that grew from excellent seed" + +# How then have you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine? + +God uses this question to rebuke his people for changing and becoming like a corrupt worthless vine. AT: "But you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your iniquity is a stain before me + +Something that is unacceptable to God is spoken of as being unclean. Here "stain" represents the constant reminder of Israel's sin. AT: "I see your sin like a stain" or "your sin is like a stain; your guilt remains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/23.md b/jer/02/23.md index 04a4e95a0d..d43bd162ed 100644 --- a/jer/02/23.md +++ b/jer/02/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# How can you say, 'I ... have not walked after the Baals'? -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying that they have not worshiped the Baals. AT: "You lie when you say, 'I ... have not walked after the Baals.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# walked after -* **walked after** - "worshipped" -* **Look at your behavior in the valleys! Understand what you have done, you swift camel running its own way!** - AT: "You must look at the things you have done in the valleys outside of Jerusalem. You run back and forth chasing this and that like a swift young camel who does not know where she is going." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **swift** - "fast" or "quick" -* **You are a wild donkey, accustomed to the wilderness, longing for life and panting after the useless wind! Who turns her around when she is in heat? Anyone seeking her does not tire himself. They go out to her in her month of heat.** - AT: "You are like a young female donkey, living in the desert. When she is in heat she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate. The male donkeys don't even chase after her because she will come to them." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **longing** - "strong desire for" -* **panting** - breathing hard and quick -* **You must restrain your feet from becoming bare and your throat from being thirsty! But you have said, “It is hopeless! No, I love strangers and go after them!”** - AT: "I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty. But you say to me, "We cannot stop ourselves. We must follow after these Baals and worship them."" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **thirsty** - in need of water -* **strangers** - people we have not met before +This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are a swift female camel running here and there + +God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were like a female camel running in different directions looking for a male camel to mate with. AT: "You are like a swift female camel running back and forth looking for a male camel to mate with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# swift + +"fast" or "quick" + +# a wild donkey accustomed to the wilderness, in her heat sniffing the wind + +God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were a wild female donkey running to find male donkeys. AT: "You are like a young female donkey that lives in the desert. When she wants to mate she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in her heat + +This phrase is an idiom referring to the time when a female donkey wants to mate with male donkeys. AT: "when she wants to mate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Who can restrain her lust? + +This question is used to emphasize that no one can control a female donkey when she is wants to mate with a male donkey. AT: "No one can turn her around when she wants to mate." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You must restrain your feet from becoming bare and your throat from being thirsty! + +God speaks of Israel wanting to worship other gods as if they were running around in the desert looking for those gods. AT: "I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is hopeless + +"There is no hope for us to restrain ourselves." This implies that they cannot stop themselves from running after other gods. AT: "We cannot stop ourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# No, I love strangers and go after them! + +Here "strangers" represents foreign gods, and "go after them" represents worshiping them. AT: "We must follow after foreign gods and worship them!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/26.md b/jer/02/26.md index 2a99283cd9..fa3dea5e01 100644 --- a/jer/02/26.md +++ b/jer/02/26.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:thief]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](./04.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# when he is found -* **when he is found** - "when he is caught" -* **they** - "the people" -* **These are the ones who say to the tree, 'You are my father,' and to the stone, 'You gave birth to me.'** - AT: "These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, "You are my father," and to a carved stone, "You gave birth to me." " (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* ** For their back faces me and not their faces.** - AT: "They turn away and do not worship me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **'Arise and save us!'** - AT: "Yahweh come and save us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This idiom means that someone discovers that the person's actions. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when someone finds him" or "when people know that he has stolen things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they, their kings, their princes, and their priests and prophets + +This list shows that everyone belonging to Israel will be ashamed. + +# These are the ones who say to the tree, 'You are my father,' and to the stone, 'You gave birth to me.' + +Here "tree" and "stone" represent idols carved from wood and stone. These words emphasize that the idol was made of ordinary things and is not worthy of worship. AT: "These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, 'You are my father,' and to a carved stone, 'You gave birth to me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their back faces me and not their faces + +"their backs are toward me; their faces are not toward me." This represents them rejecting God. AT: "they have turned away from me" or "they have turned their backs toward me and not their faces" or "they have completely rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Arise and save us + +It can be made clear that they say this to Yahweh. "Yahweh, come and save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yet where are the gods that you made for yourselves? + +With this question God implies that people should ask the gods they worship to help them. He uses this irony to show that he is angry that they worship other gods. AT: "You should ask the gods you made to help you." or "You do not ask the gods you made to help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Let them arise if they wish to save you in your time of troubles + +God implies that false gods should help the people who worship them. He knows that false gods cannot help people. When he said this he was using irony to show that he was angry that his people worshiped false gods. AT: "You do not ask them because know you that they cannot save you in your time of troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/29.md b/jer/02/29.md index 7aecf3b5c8..0e36445ad8 100644 --- a/jer/02/29.md +++ b/jer/02/29.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# So why do you accuse me of doing wrong? All of you have sinned against me -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +God uses this question to rebuke the people of Israel for accusing him of doing wrong. AT: "Israel, you claim that I was wrong when I did not rescue you when you called on me, even though you continue to sin against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **So why do you accuse me of doing wrong? All of you have sinned against me** - AT: "Israel you claim that I was wrong when I did not rescue you when you called on me, even though you continue to sin against me." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **destructive** - capable of causing a very large amount of damage -* **You who belong to this generation! Pay attention to my word, the word of Yahweh! Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of deep darkness? Why would my people say, “Let us wander around. We will not go to you anymore”?** - AT: "House of Judah, you must pay attention to what I say to you. I never abandoned you in the desert or left you in very dark land. Why do you say, "We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore."?" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **wander** - move around or go to different places usually without any particular purpose or direction +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# They would not accept discipline + +Here "accept discipline" represents learning from discipline. AT: "They refused to learn from discipline" or "When I disciplined them, they refused to learn to obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your sword has devoured your prophets like a destructive lion + +God speaks of the people of Israel killing the prophets as if their sword were a lion that ate the prophets. AT: "You have killed the prophets brutally with your sword like a destructive lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# destructive + +capable of causing a very large amount of damage + +# You who belong to this generation! Pay attention to my word, the word of Yahweh + +The phrase "this generation" refers to the people who lived when Jeremiah lived. AT: "You who live today, pay attention to what I, Yahweh, say to you" + +# Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of deep darkness? + +Here "a wilderness" and "a land of deep darkness" are metaphors for danger. God uses this question to rebuke the Israelites for behaving as though he had been dangerous. AT: "You act as though I have been like a wilderness or a land of deep darkness to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why would my people say, 'Let us wander around, we will not go to you anymore'? + +God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying this. AT: "You my people say 'We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# wander + +move around or go to different places usually without any particular purpose or direction \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/32.md b/jer/02/32.md index 78f773151e..781c91ce7a 100644 --- a/jer/02/32.md +++ b/jer/02/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +The words "will" and "forget" are understood to be part of the second phrase also. AT: "Will a virgin forget her jewelry, and will a bride forget her veils" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils? -* **Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils?** - Yahweh is starting to rebuke his people for forgetting him (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **days without number** - "a very long time" -* **How well you make your way to look for love. You have even taught your ways to wicked women.** - Yahweh is saying that the Israelites have become so good at chasing false gods that they could show a prostitute how to go after customers (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **The blood that was the life of the innocent and the poor has even been found on your clothes** - AT: "You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people, people who did nothing to harm you." Yahweh is saying that the Israelites have killed people who have done nothing against them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **These people were not discovered in acts of burglary.** - AT: "You did not discover these people stealing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +God uses this question to introduce the idea of remembering things that are important to someone. AT: "You know that a virgin would never forget to put on her jewelry, and a bride would never forget to put on her veils." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# days without number + +"a very long time" + +# How well you make your way to look for love + +God appears to be praising his people for looking for love, but this is irony. He was showing that he was angry with them for being unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# to look for love + +God speaks of his people worshiping other gods as if they were a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and is looking for other men to love her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have even taught your ways to wicked women + +God speaks of how unfaithful his people are to him as though they were even teaching prostitutes how to be unfaithful to their husbands and find other men to be their lovers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# The blood that was the life of innocent, poor people has been found on your clothes + +Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. AT: "The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them" or "You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The blood that was the life + +"The blood that represents the life" + +# These people were not discovered in acts of burglary + +If they found people in an act of burglary, this might have been an excuse for killing them. But the people that they murdered were innocent. This can be translated in active form. AT: "You did not discover these people stealing things" or "But you killed them even though they were not even stealing anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/35.md b/jer/02/35.md index 4e2f0d3152..1c885c7900 100644 --- a/jer/02/35.md +++ b/jer/02/35.md @@ -1,24 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# surely his anger has turned away from me -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here anger is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away from Israel. Its turning represents Yahweh's stopping be angry with Israel. AT: "surely Yahweh has stopped being angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# I will bring down judgment on you -* **I am** - "We are" -* **Surely Yahweh's anger will turn from me.”** - AT: "Surely Yahweh will stop being angry with us." (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **judged** - "punished severely" -* **since** - "because" -* **I have** - "We have" -* **Why do you treat so very lightly this change in your ways?** - Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **lightly** - without care or concern -* **disappointed** - feeling sad or unhappy because the king of Egypt did not agree to protect them. -* **You will also go out from there** - AT: "You will go out from Egypt" -* **dejected** - sad because you did not get what a promise of Egyptian help. -* **hands on your head** - this shows a people in mourning (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "judgment" represents punishment. AT: "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why do you treat so very lightly this change in your ways? + +Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lightly + +without care or concern + +# You will also be disappointed by Egypt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Egypt will also disappoint you" + +# You will also be disappointed by Egypt + +The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. AT: "You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# just as you were by Assyria + +The word "disappointed" is understood from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as you were disappointed by Assyria" or "just as Assyria disappointed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# You will also go out from there + +"You will go out from Egypt" + +# with your hands on your head + +This is a symbol of shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# so you will not be helped by them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so they will not help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/intro.md b/jer/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..527cace622 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Jeremiah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:1-31, which is an extended quotation. + +The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The people refuse to learn ##### + +The people worshiped other gods, particularly the fertility gods of Baal and Ashtoreth. Even when the nation was punished, the people did not learn. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Israel is compared to a female camel or a wild donkey for being unstable and lustful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/01.md b/jer/03/01.md index 672bc124ef..f5709ae3ec 100644 --- a/jer/03/01.md +++ b/jer/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking. This is part of the prophecy that he starts revealing to Jeremiah in [Jeremiah 2:1](../02/01.md). -## translationNotes +# will he return to her again? -* Yahweh continues speaking in the previous chapter, Jeremiah 2 -* **Is she not completely unclean?** - AT: "She is completely unclean." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **That woman is this the people of this land!** - "This land is like that woman!" That is, Yahweh taking the people of Judah back is like a man taking back the wife he earlier divorced. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **You have acted like a prostitute** - "You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men not her husband" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **do you want to return to me?** - AT: "I will not accept you when you try to come back to me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **This is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this idea in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **Lift up your eyes** - "Look up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Where have you not been ravished?** - "You are like a woman who goes everywhere and lets men seize her and sleep with her!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **nomad** - homeless robber +God uses this question to remind the people that a man would never return to his wife if another man marries her. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "he would not return to her again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Would that land not be greatly polluted? + +God uses this question to remind the people that a married man would not return to his wife if she married another man, because he knows that the land would become ceremonially unclean. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He knows that if he did, the land would be greatly polluted." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# greatly polluted + +This is a metaphor for being terribly unacceptable to God. AT: "completely unacceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have lived as a prostitute who has many lovers + +God speaks of Israel worshiping many idols as being like a woman having sex with many men. AT: "You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men who are not her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# and would you return to me? + +God uses this question to show the Israelites that because they worshiped idols, they should not think that God would allow them to return to him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "yet now you want to return to me!" or "yet you think that I should allow you to come back to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Lift up your eyes + +Here "your eyes" represents looking at something. AT: "Look up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Is there any place where you have not had illicit sex? + +God speaks of Israel worshiping idols as if they were a woman who had sex with many different men. He uses this question to tell the Israelites that he knows that they have worshiped idols everywhere. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no place where you have not had illicit sex!" or "As a whore sleeps with many men, you have worshiped your idols everywhere!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# By the roadsides you sat waiting for your lovers + +God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like a prostitute waiting by the road for any man to come along. AT: "Like a prostitutes waiting at the roadside for her lovers, you were eager to worship any idol you learned about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as an Arab in the wilderness + +God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like someone in the wilderness waiting for anyone to come along so he could rob them. AT: "like an Arab in the wilderness waiting for people he might rob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# an Arab in the wilderness + +An Arab is a person from Arabia. Some Arabs lived as nomads in the desert and would rob others who came near them. AT: "a nomad in the wilderness" or "a robber in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/03.md b/jer/03/03.md index 4b011aa296..ace5bbe07a 100644 --- a/jer/03/03.md +++ b/jer/03/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So the spring rains were withheld -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So I withheld the spring rains from you" or "So I prevented the spring rains from falling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# But your face is arrogant -* **a promiscuous woman** - having sexual relations with many partners -* **Look!** - "pay attention" or "listen" +The arrogance showing on a person's face is spoken of as if the face itself were arrogant. AT: "But the expression on your face shows that you arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a promiscuous woman + +a woman who sleeps with many men + +# Have you not just now called to me: 'My father ... end?' + +God uses this question to rebuke his people for calling out to him and saying these things. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You call out to me: 'My father ... end?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will he always be angry? Will he always keep his wrath to the end? + +These questions express the people's hope that God will not be angry with them forever. They can be translated as statements. AT: "Surely he will not always be angry with me to the end." or "Surely you will not be angry with us forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Look! + +"pay attention" or "listen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/06.md b/jer/03/06.md index 575783b548..9e8fabf8be 100644 --- a/jer/03/06.md +++ b/jer/03/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you see what faithless Israel has done? -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:highplaces]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] +God uses this question to draw Jeremiah's attention to Israel's faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. AT: "See how faithless Israel is to me." or "You see how faithless Israel is to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# She has gone up -* **She goes** - the people of Israel go (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **every high mountain and under every leafy tree** - The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for idol worship. -* **her faithless sister Judah saw** - "the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw" +The people of Israel are spoken of as if Israel were a woman. AT: "Israel's people have gone up" or "They have gone up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every high hill and under every leafy tree + +The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word "every" is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# she has acted like a prostitute + +God speaks as of Israel worshiping idols as if she were a woman having sex with many men. AT: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# her faithless sister Judah saw + +God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. AT: "the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/08.md b/jer/03/08.md index 1dc2b20b98..b8d4afa21a 100644 --- a/jer/03/08.md +++ b/jer/03/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] +Yahweh continues to speak of Israel and Judah being unfaithful to him as if they were two sisters who were unfaithful wives. -## translationNotes +# bill of divorce -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **Apostate Israel** - "Israel, you have completely stopped obeying me" -* **treasonous** - disloyal -* **Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +Something that a man writes to certify that he has divorced his wife. + +# Her prostitution was nothing to her + +Here prostitution being "nothing" represents Judah not caring about it. AT: "She did not care about her prostitution" or "She was not ashamed of her prostitution" + +# she defiled the land + +Here "defiled" represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. AT: "she made my land no good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she committed adultery with stones and trees + +Here "stones" and "trees" represent the stone and wood material that was used to create idols. The people's idol worship is spoken of as if they were committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/11.md b/jer/03/11.md index 36c7f8f09a..4f98aa68cc 100644 --- a/jer/03/11.md +++ b/jer/03/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Faithless Israel has been more righteous than faithless Judah! -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +By calling Israel "more righteous" than Judah, God emphasizes that Judah is very guilty. AT: "Israel has been unfaithful to me, but Judah is even more guilty than Israel" -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Go and proclaim these words to the north + +Here the north represents the people of Israel who had been taken north to Assyria. AT: "Go and proclaim these words to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/13.md b/jer/03/13.md index f48392eb36..dab64fa19f 100644 --- a/jer/03/13.md +++ b/jer/03/13.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Acknowledge your iniquity -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +"Admit how you have sinned." God was speaking to Israel. -## translationNotes +# you have shared your ways with strangers under every leafy tree! -* **after my heart** - Possible meanings are "who love what I love" or "who want to please me." +The word "strangers" refers to foreign gods. God speaks of Israel worshiping foreign gods as if Israel were a woman who was having sex with strangers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under every leafy tree + +People would worship idols under trees. The word "every" is a generalization used to show that the people of Israel worshiped many gods under many different trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# you have not listened to my voice + +Here "listened" represents obeying, and "my voice" represents what God has said. AT: "you have not obeyed what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I am your husband + +God speaks of Israel belonging to him as if he were Israel's husband. AT: "you belong to me as a wife belongs to her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will give you shepherds ... they will shepherd you + +Here God speaks of leaders as if they were shepherds and the people they led were sheep. AT: "I will give you leaders ... they will lead you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shepherds after my heart + +Here "heart" represents Yahweh's desire or will. The phrase "after my heart" is an idiom that describes people who do God's will. AT: "shepherds who do my will" or "shepherds who do what I want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/16.md b/jer/03/16.md index 860203a527..45d57347c2 100644 --- a/jer/03/16.md +++ b/jer/03/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you will increase and bear fruit -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. The phrase "bear fruit" is a metaphor for having many descendants. AT: "you will increase greatly in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **will increase and bear fruit** - "will greatly grow in number" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# This matter will no longer come up in their hearts + +Here "come up in their hearts" represents thinking about it. AT: "They will no longer think of this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/17.md b/jer/03/17.md index 54110d4ddf..585f540bac 100644 --- a/jer/03/17.md +++ b/jer/03/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# This is Yahweh's throne -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Here "Yahweh's throne" represents the place from where Yahweh rules. AT: "This is from where Yahweh rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# They will no longer walk in the stubbornness of their wicked hearts -* **the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel** - "the people of Judah will live together with the people of Israel" +Yahweh speaks of people's actions as if the people were walking along a path. Here the word "hearts" represents their minds or wills. AT: "They will no longer stubbornly do the wicked things that they want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel + +Here "walk with" represents being united. AT: "the people of Judah will be united with the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the land that I gave your ancestors as an inheritance + +God speaks of giving them the land to possess forever as if it were an inheritance. AT: "the land that I gave to your ancestors so that it would belong to their descendants forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/19.md b/jer/03/19.md index 1c32dea926..09a3070764 100644 --- a/jer/03/19.md +++ b/jer/03/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# As for me -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +the word "me" refers to Yahweh -## translationNotes +# How I want to honor you ... nation -* **As for me** - the word "me" refers to Yahweh -* **honor you as my son... like a woman** - This change from male to female is for great emphasis. -* **This is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this idea in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +This is an exclamation that expresses God's desire. AT: "I want so much to honor you ... nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# I want to honor you as my son + +God speaks of Israel as if Israel were his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# But like a woman faithless to her husband, you have betrayed me + +God speaks of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she were an unfaithful wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# an inheritance more beautiful + +God speaks of the land he wanted to give to Israel as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](./17.md). AT: "Israel" or "kingdom of Israel" or "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/21.md b/jer/03/21.md index 392c81fd7b..e193873bae 100644 --- a/jer/03/21.md +++ b/jer/03/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# A voice is heard -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People hear a noise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel -* **A noise is heard** - "People hear a noise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **weeping and pleading** - "crying and begging loudly" -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +"the people of Israel crying and begging loudly" + +# they have forgotten Yahweh their God + +Here "have forgotten" represents neglecting or ignoring. AT: "They have ignored Yahweh their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will heal you of treachery! + +Possible meanings are 1) "heal you of treachery" represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. AT: "I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me" or 2) "heal you of treachery" represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. AT: "I will forgive your treachery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# treachery + +"unfaithfulness" + +# Behold! We will come to you + +It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. AT: "The people will reply, 'Behold! We will come to you" or "You will say "Behold! We will come to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Behold! + +"Indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/23.md b/jer/03/23.md index eb35fc30c7..0b9b2b9034 100644 --- a/jer/03/23.md +++ b/jer/03/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Surely lies come from the hills -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here "the hills" represent the people's worship of false gods on the hills. The people now realize that those false gods could not guide and help them. AT: "The false gods that we worshiped on the hills could not guide us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# a confusing noise from the mountains -* **Only lies come from the hills** - The people, continuing to speak from the previous verse, expect guidance and gain from idol worship but only find lies. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us** - AT:""We are ready to throw ourselves upon the ground in bitter humiliation." This thought is repeated for emphasis. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the time of our youthfulness** - "the beginning of the nation" -* **the voice of Yahweh** - AT: "what Yahweh says". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. AT: "We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel + +"surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel" or "surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel" + +# shameful idols have consumed what our ancestors have worked for + +This represents the people of Israel losing many of their possessions because they offered them to the idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their flocks and cattle, their sons and daughters + +This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols. + +# Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us + +These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. AT: "Let us be completely humiliated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# May our shame cover us + +Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the time of our youthfulness + +Possible meanings are that 1) "the time of our youthfulness" refers to when each person was young. AT: "from when we were young" or 2) "the time of our youthfulness" is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. AT: "from when we were first becoming a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have not listened to the voice of Yahweh our God + +Here "listened" represents obeying, and "the voice of Yahweh" represents what Yahweh has said. AT: "have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/intro.md b/jer/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2242eee1bd --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Jeremiah 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:1-5, 12-17, 19-25, which are extended quotations. + +The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19-4:3. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judah told to repent ##### + +If Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, "Israel" serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +##### Adultery ##### +Judah's faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/01.md b/jer/04/01.md index bb9876ea6b..4fee23eaab 100644 --- a/jer/04/01.md +++ b/jer/04/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# If you return, Israel -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "return" is a metaphor for changing who they worship, and Israel is a metonym representing the people of Israel. The people had been worshiping idols rather than Yahweh. AT: "If you will come back, people of Israel" or "If you will change who you worship, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **If you return, Israel** - AT: “If you will come back to me, people of Israel or “If you will change your behavior, people of Israel” (See: Metonymy and Idiom) -* **then return to me** - Possible meanings are that 1) this is a command: “then return to me” or 2) this is a repetition of the first phrase: “if you will return to me.” AT: “then come back to me” or “then start worshiping me again” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **If you remove your detestable things from before me** - This phrase refers to idols as things that deserve strong hatred. AT: "Remove your disgusting idols from my presence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **do not wander from me again** - AT: "remain faithful to me" -* **Plow your own ground, and do not sow among thorns** - Yahweh tells the people to prepare their lives like a farmer prepares the ground for planting. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# then it should be to me that you return + +Possible meanings are that 1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. AT: "then come back to me" or "then worship me" 1) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. AT: "if you will come back to me" or "if you will start worshiping me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# If you remove your detestable things from before me + +Here "detestable things" refers to idols, which God hates. AT: "If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not wander from me again + +Here "wander" is a metaphor for being unfaithful. AT: "if you remain faithful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# As Yahweh lives + +"As surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the nations will bless themselves in him + +Here "the nations" is a metonym for people of other nations. The word "him" refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, it can also be translated as "me." AT: "people of other nations will bless themselves in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the nations will bless themselves in him + +Here "bless themselves in him" is a metonym for asking Yahweh to bless them. AT: "the people of the nations will ask Yahweh to bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in him they will glory + +The word "him" refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, "him" can also be translated as "me." AT: "they will boast in me" or "they will praise me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Plow your own ground, and do not sow among thorns + +Yahweh tells the people to prepare their lives like a farmer prepares the ground for planting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/04.md b/jer/04/04.md index dcf1cb2e13..f379fcc9b0 100644 --- a/jer/04/04.md +++ b/jer/04/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh, and remove the foreskins of your heart -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh describes the people's devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. AT: "Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Circumcise yourselves ... remove the foreskins of your heart -* **Be circumcised to Yahweh and remove the foreskins of your heart** - Yahweh describes the people's devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. AT: "Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Be circumcised...remove the foreskins of your heart** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Be circumcised to Yahweh** - AT: "Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my fury will go out like fire** - Yahweh's anger is like a fire that destroys everything. AT: "the things that I do because I am angry will be like a fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Report in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem** - These phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **let it be heard in Jerusalem** - AT: "cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it" -* **disaster...a great collapse** - These words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **from the north** - This refers to enemy armies that would come from the north. (See: Metonymy) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my fury will break out like fire, and burn with no one to quench it + +Yahweh speaks of becoming extremely angry as if his anger were fire. AT: "my anger will burn like a fire and no one will be able to stop it" or "I will be extremely angry, and no one will be able to stop me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# fury + +"great anger" + +# Report in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem + +These phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# let it be heard in Jerusalem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Blow the trumpet in the land + +The trumpet would warn the people that their enemies were coming to attack them. + +# Let us go to the fortified cities + +They would go to the fortified cities for protection from their enemies. + +# disaster ... a great collapse + +These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase "a great collapse" defines what the "disaster" will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# for I am bringing disaster from the north and a great collapse + +This represents God sending an army from the north to cause disaster and destruction in Judah. AT: "for I will cause an army from the north to come and destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the north + +This represents an enemy army that would come from the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/07.md b/jer/04/07.md index 8f3dc2a041..e765e28d65 100644 --- a/jer/04/07.md +++ b/jer/04/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# A lion is coming -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +God speaks of a powerful army as if it were a fierce lion. AT: "A powerful and merciless army approaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# thicket -* **A lion is coming** - AT: "A powerful and merciless army approaches" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **thicket** - a set of bushes that grew closely together. -* **setting out** - AT: "starting to march" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **horror** - fear, dread and shock -* **wail** - loud and long cry of sadness and repentance for having sinned. +a set of bushes that grew closely together + +# someone who will destroy nations + +Here "someone" represents a king and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# is setting out + +This idiom refers to starting to move. AT: "is starting to march" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to bring horror to your land + +This represents destroying the land, which would cause people who see it to be horrified. AT: "to destroy your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wrap yourself in sackcloth + +People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. AT: "put on the clothes that show you are mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# wail + +cry loudly + +# For the force of Yahweh's anger has not turned away from us + +Anger is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could turn away from people. Here "Yahweh's anger has not turned away from us" means that Yahweh is still very angry with the people. AT: "For Yahweh is still very angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/09.md b/jer/04/09.md index 4ccd82f6d6..1b15b10378 100644 --- a/jer/04/09.md +++ b/jer/04/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# the hearts of the king and his officials will die -* **Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **the sword is striking against their life** - "our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Here "hearts" represent courage. Also "the hearts ... will die" represents losing courage and being afraid. AT: "the king and his officials will stop being courageous" or "the king and his officials will be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sword is striking against their life + +Here enemies being ready to kill people is spoken of as if the sword was a person striking at people. AT: "our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/11.md b/jer/04/11.md index 6a87d87c47..bd5cdfdd2d 100644 --- a/jer/04/11.md +++ b/jer/04/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# it will be said -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# burning wind from the plains ... wind far stronger -* **it will be said** - "Yahweh will say" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **burning wind from the plains... wind far stronger...** - A fierce and merciless enemy is coming. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **daughter of my people** - The nation is compared to a special bride in an affectionate way. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **It will not winnow or cleanse them** - Winnow and cleanse both refer to taking away the bad and leaving the good. AT: "It will not take away their sins" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **pass sentence against them** - "announce their punishment" +Here a "burning wind" represents a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will make its way + +"will travel" or "will rush" + +# the daughter of my people + +Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. AT: "my people, who are like a daughter to me" or "my dear people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will not winnow or cleanse them + +The words "winnow" and "cleanse" refer to blowing away the useless skins from grain. Only a light wind was needed for that. AT: "It will not be a light wind for blowing the chaff away from the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will come at my command + +"will come when I command it to come" + +# at my command + +This expression in Hebrew is interpreted by some modern versions as "for me" or "from me." + +# pass sentence against them + +"announce their punishment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/13.md b/jer/04/13.md index 9d15b7e04a..15b8727fd9 100644 --- a/jer/04/13.md +++ b/jer/04/13.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# See, he is attacking like clouds -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The word "he" refers to the enemy king and his army. The great size of the army is spoken of as if they were giant storm clouds. AT: "See, great armies like giant clouds are gathering to attack" or "See, great armies are gathering to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# his chariots are like a storm -* **See, he is attacking like clouds, and his chariots are like a storm** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) AT: "The enemy army is destructive like a strong wind storm" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Woe to us, for we will be devastated** - The people say this when they see the enemy army approaching. AT: The people say. 'We will certainly be destroyed.' " -* **cleanse your heart from wickedness, Jerusalem** - God warns the people living in Jerusalem to repent. AT: "Yahweh says to the people living in Jerusalem, 'You better change how you act." -* **a voice is bringing** - "messengers are proclaiming" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the coming disaster is heard** - "people heard the coming disaster" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from Dan... mountains of Ephraim** - The people would recognize that those places show this warning was getting closer to them. +The enemies' chariots are spoken of as if they were like a storm. Storms can be noisy, destructive, and fast-moving. AT: "the roar of their chariots coming is like a fierce storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Woe to us + +"This is terrible" + +# for we will be devastated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for they will devastate us" or "for they will destroy us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Cleanse your heart from wickedness, Jerusalem + +This is a warning to the people living in Jerusalem to repent. "Cleanse your heart" is a metaphor for removing evil from their lives. AT: "People of Jerusalem, stop being evil" or "People of Jerusalem, stop living wickedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How long will your deepest thoughts be about how to sin? + +This question is used to rebuke the people for always planning how to sin. AT: "Your deepest thoughts are about how to sin!" or "You are always thinking about how to sin!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a voice is bringing news from Dan + +Here "a voice" represents a messenger. AT: "a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Dan + +This probably refers to the region of Dan, which was west of Jerusalem. + +# the coming disaster is heard from the mountains of Ephraim + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people hear about the disaster that is coming from Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from Dan ... mountains of Ephraim + +By hearing that the the enemies had gotten to Dan and Ephraim, people in Jerusalem would understand that the enemies were getting closer to them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/16.md b/jer/04/16.md index 56d176dc03..b6f22b56b6 100644 --- a/jer/04/16.md +++ b/jer/04/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# besiegers are coming -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Besiegers are soldiers who surround a city in order to keep the people in the city from being able to get supplies of food and water. -## translationNotes +# They will be like the watchmen of a cultivated field against her all around -* **They will be like the watchmen of a cultivated field against her all around** - AT: "they will lay siege all around the city" (See: [[:en:obe:other:siege]]) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **strike your very heart** - AT: "crush everything you love" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Carefully guarding a city to keep people from going in and out is spoken of as if they are carefully watching a field to keep people from stealing from it. AT: "they will guard Jerusalem carefully like watchmen who carefully guard a cultivated field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# against her all around + +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Jerusalem was often spoken of as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# she has been rebellious against me + +The word "she" refers to Jerusalem and represents the people of Jerusalem. The word "me" refers to Yahweh. AT: "the people of Jerusalem have been rebellious against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# your conduct and your deeds have done these things to you + +Here "conduct" and "deeds" are spoken of as if they are people that could do things. These abstract nouns can be expressed with the phrase "what you have done." AT: "These things are happening to you because of what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It will strike your very heart + +Here "heart" probably refers to the emotions, and "strike your very heart" probably refers to causing them to suffer terribly. AT: "It will be as if it strikes your very heart" or "It will cause you to suffer terrible anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/19.md b/jer/04/19.md index 31a4ed1d31..6f715e63c6 100644 --- a/jer/04/19.md +++ b/jer/04/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# My heart! My heart! -* [[en:tw:alarm]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Here "heart" represents painful emotions, such as grief and fear. The phrase is repeated to express the intensity of the pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I am in anguish in my heart -* **My heart! My heart! I am in anguish in my heart. My heart is turbulent within me.** - "I am in such pain, I am overwhelmed." -* **turbulent** - full of confusion, violence, or disorder; not stable or steady -* **Collapse after collapse is proclaimed** - "people tell of one city after another being destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the land is suddenly devastated** - "the enemy devastates the land" -* **my tabernacle and my tent** - These two terms refer to the same place. They are repeated for emphasis. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) AT: "my home" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The speaker feels severe emotional pain that causes severe physical pain. + +# My heart is turbulent within me + +"My heart is beating wildly." Here "heart" refers to the body part. It is turbulent because it is beating much stronger and faster than normal. + +# turbulent + +full of confusion, violence, or disorder; not stable or steady + +# Suddenly my tents are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Enemies have suddenly destroyed my tents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my curtains in a moment + +The words "are destroyed" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "my curtains are destroyed in a moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my curtains + +Curtains are cloths that are hung to separate the rooms in the tents. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/21.md b/jer/04/21.md index 2808c9bec2..052524d9a6 100644 --- a/jer/04/21.md +++ b/jer/04/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn? -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. AT: "Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army's horn would stop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the standard -* **How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn?** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: Parallelism and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) AT: "I wish this war would end soon." -* **idiotic people** - "stupid people" +"the battle flag" + +# the sound of the horn + +Someone would blow the horn as a signal for battle. + +# For the foolishness of my people ... do not know to do good + +It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. AT: "Yahweh replied, 'It is because of the foolishness of my people ... do not know to do good'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# idiotic people + +"stupid people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/23.md b/jer/04/23.md index 8936c4ec97..440571388a 100644 --- a/jer/04/23.md +++ b/jer/04/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Jeremiah describes a vision that God gave him about things that would happen later. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **I saw the land, and see!** - This is an invitation for Jeremiah to look at the vision God is giving him. -* **formless and empty** - This vision is a prophecy of what the land of Israel would be like after the people were all taken into captivity. -* **Behold** - The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# formless and empty + +This vision is a prophecy of what the land of Israel would be like after the people were all taken into captivity. + +# there was no light for the heavens + +"there were no lights in the sky" + +# all the cities had been pulled down + +"all the cities had been destroyed" or "all the cities were a heap of ruins" + +# before Yahweh, before the fury of his wrath + +This indicates that all these things would happen because Yahweh was so angry with the people of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/27.md b/jer/04/27.md index ba4463158b..262f4e3c04 100644 --- a/jer/04/27.md +++ b/jer/04/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# All the land will become a devastation -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] +"All the land of Judah will be devastated" or "all the land of Judah will be ruined" -## translationNotes +# the land will mourn, and the heavens above will darken -* **land will mourn, and the heavens above will darken** - Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh's judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **cavalry** - a group of soldiers riding horses -* **every city will flee... every city will climb** - This emphasizes that all of the people will be running away. -* **The cities will be abandoned, for there will be no one to inhabit them** - These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) AT: "There will be no one left in the cities." +Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh's judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will not hold back + +"I will not change my mind" + +# I will not turn from carrying them out + +Here "turn" represents deciding not to do what he said he would do. AT: "I will not change my mind about doing what I said I would do" or "I will not refuse to do what I planned to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Every city + +Here "city" represents the people living in the city. AT: "The people of every city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cavalry + +a group of soldiers riding horses + +# they will run into the forests + +They will run away to the forests for safety. + +# The cities will be abandoned, for there will be no one to inhabit them + +These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. AT: "The cities will be empty. There will be no one left to live in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/30.md b/jer/04/30.md index 7481c66420..91969cb40d 100644 --- a/jer/04/30.md +++ b/jer/04/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **you dress in scarlet... jewelry... eyes... with paint** - "you dress like prostitutes" -* **adorn** - "decorate" or "add extras to make something appear more attractive or expensive" -* ** men who lusted for you now reject you** - This emphasizes that other nations Israel has depended on for wealth and business will reject them when they see God's judgment. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **distress as in the birth** - "distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **my heart is weary** - "my life is worn out from grief" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute because they were unfaithful to him by worshiping other gods. + +# Now that you have been devastated, what will you do? + +This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. AT: "Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you dress in scarlet ... gold jewelry ... eyes ... with paint + +God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet ... good jewelry ... eyes ... with paint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you dress in scarlet + +Here "scarlet" represents expensive, red clothing. AT: "you wear expensive red clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# adorn yourself with gold jewelry + +"you put on gold jewelry" + +# men who lusted for you now reject you + +God speaks of the nations that Judah had depended on for wealth and business as if they were men who lusted after Judah. Those nations would reject Judah when they see God's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are trying to take away your life + +Here "trying to take your life away" represents trying to kill the people of Judah. AT: "They are trying to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# distress as in the birth + +This simile is used to show how greatly distressed Judah will be. AT: "severe distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the daughter of Zion + +God shows his love for the people of Jerusalem by speaking of them as a daughter. AT: "my dear daughter, Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Woe to me + +"I am in great danger" + +# I am fainting + +"I am becoming weak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/intro.md b/jer/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb15863522 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Jeremiah 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:1-3, 4-9, which are extended quotations. + +The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19-4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's punishment ##### +This chapter prophecies Yahweh's punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/01.md b/jer/05/01.md index b33d8e5630..f7f8420817 100644 --- a/jer/05/01.md +++ b/jer/05/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Rush about through the streets -* Jeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem. See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Rush about through** - "Hurry around in" -* **then look and think about this** - "look and find out" -* **city squares** - Broad and open places in a city where people can gather. -* **If you can find a man or anyone** - "Whether you can find one person" -* **is acting justly** - "does what is just" -* **seeking the truth** - "seeks to be faithful" or "seeks to be honest" -* **Even if they** - The word "they" refers to the people of Jerusalem. -* **by the life of Yahweh** - People used this phrase when making an solemn oath in order to ask Yahweh to punish them if they broke the oath. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:04:01]]. -* **do your eyes not look for faithfulness** - Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. AT: "you want people to be faithful." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **You struck the people, but they do not feel pain.** - AT: "You punish the people, but they do not pay attention." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **have completely defeated** - "have completely destroyed" -* **to receive discipline** - "to learn their lesson" -* **They make their faces harder than rock** - AT: "They became very stubborn." +"Go quickly through the streets" + +# Then look and think about this + +"look and find out" + +# city squares + +broad and open places in a city where people can gather + +# who is acting justly + +"who does what is just" + +# Although they say + +The word "they" refers to the people of Jerusalem. + +# As Yahweh lives + +"as surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# do your eyes not look for faithfulness? + +Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. Wanting people to be faithful is spoken of as looking for faithfulness. AT: "you look for faithfulness." or "you want people to be faithful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You struck the people, but they do not feel pain. + +God punished his people in various ways. Here it is spoken of as if he hit them. AT: "You punish the people, but they do not pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they still refuse to receive discipline + +Here "to receive discipline" represents learning from discipline to do what is right. AT: "they still refuse to learn their lesson" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They make their faces harder than rock + +Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile "harder than rock" shows that the people are extremely stubborn. AT: "They are extremely stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/04.md b/jer/05/04.md index 5f038b7136..f8a2b1424e 100644 --- a/jer/05/04.md +++ b/jer/05/04.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# So I said -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:arabah|Arabah]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:bond|bind, bond, bound]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] -* [[en:tw:yoke|yoke]] +Jeremiah is speaking. -## translationNotes +# But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God. -* **So I said** - Jeremiah is speaking. -* **But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God.** - The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **So a lion…A wolf...A lurking panther…** - These are dangerous animals that can kill people. There are two possible meanings: 1. "Wild animals will come and kill people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) 2. An enemy army will come and kill people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **thicket** - a set of bushes that grew closely together. -* **wolf** - a wild dangerous dog -* **lurking** - "waiting" -* **panther** - a large wild dangerous cat -* **unlimited** - not able to be counted +The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So a lion ... A wolf ... A lurking panther + +These are dangerous animals that can kill people. Possible meanings are that 1) this really is about wild animals killing people or 2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So a lion ... A wolf ... A lurking panther ... torn apart + +One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. AT: "Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thicket + +a set of bushes that grew closely together. + +# wolf + +a large wild dangerous dog + +# lurking + +watching for an opportunity to attack + +# panther + +a large wild dangerous cat + +# For their transgressions increase + +The abstract noun "transgressions" can be translated with the verb "sin." AT: "For they sin much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Their acts of faithlessness are unlimited + +The abstract nouns in "acts of faithlessness" can be translated as "the faithless things they do." AT: "The faithless things they do are many" or "They do many faithless things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/07.md b/jer/05/07.md index 72a1478484..83662f37b4 100644 --- a/jer/05/07.md +++ b/jer/05/07.md @@ -1,28 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Why should I pardon these people? -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. AT: "Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# these people -* **Why should I pardon these people** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. AT: "Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **these people** - the people of Jerusalem -* **Your sons** - Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. AT: "The people of Jerusalem." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **I fed them fully** - "I gave them everything they needed." -* **and took on the marks of a house of prostitution** - "and went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes" -* **in heat** - "that were ready to have sex" or "that were sexually aroused" -* **Each man neighed to his neighbor's wife** - Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to have sex with them. AT: "Each man was trying to have sex with his neighbor's wife." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **So should I not punish them** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. AT: "Because they do these things, I will punish them." -* **This is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **Should my heart not avenge itself on a nation that is like this?** - AT: "I will certainly get revenge for myself against a nation that is like this." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +the people of Jerusalem + +# Your sons + +Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. Jerusalem's "sons" represent the people of Jerusalem. AT: "The people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I fed them fully + +Providing all they needed is spoken of as feeding them. AT: "I gave them everything they needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they committed adultery and walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes + +This may be a metaphor for being unfaithful to God and worshiping idols, but idol worship also included prostitution. AT: "they were unfaithful to me and went in large numbers to the houses of prostitutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes + +"went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes" or "large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes" + +# They were horses in heat ... neighed to his neighbor's wife + +Because the God speaks of them as if they were horses that wanted to mate with other horses. AT: "They were like horses in heat ... neighed to his neighbor's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in heat + +ready to mate + +# mate + +when animals breed to reproduce + +# Each man neighed to his neighbor's wife + +Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to mate with them. AT: "Like horses who mate with more than one horse, these men wanted to sleep with other men's wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So should I not punish them ... and should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. AT: "Because they do these things, I will punish them ... I will certainly get revenge for myself against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/10.md b/jer/05/10.md index c473a41878..eef11ea3ff 100644 --- a/jer/05/10.md +++ b/jer/05/10.md @@ -1,28 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to speak. Here he speaks to the the enemies of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Go up onto her vineyards' terraces -* Yahweh continues to speak. -* **Go up onto her vineyards' terraces** - "Get up over her walls." Yahweh is comparing the city of Jerusalem to a vineyard that has a wall around it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Go up** - Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of people living in Jerusalem. -* ** do not bring complete destruction to them** - "do not completely destroy them" -* **Trim their vines, since those vines do not come from Yahweh** - Yahweh compares how the enemies of Jerusalem will rid of her people to how people cut branches off of a vine. AT: "Get rid of all of the evil people because they do not come from Yahweh." -* **For the houses of Israel and Judah** - AT: "For the people of Israel and Judah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **They have denied me** - This could also be translated as, "They have lied about me." -* **He is not real** - "Yahweh does not exist." This could also be translated as "He will not do these things" or "He cannot do these things" -* **Evil will not come on us, nor will we see sword or famine** - These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Evil will not come on us** - This expression means "Bad things will not happen to us." -* **nor will we see sword or famine** - AT: "and we will not experience war or famine." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +In verses 10-13 Yahweh speaks to Israel's enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. AT: "You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards' terraces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Go up onto her vineyards' terraces and destroy + +Yahweh speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were a vineyard and the people there were vines. AT: "Go up into Israel and Judah, which are like a vineyard to me, and destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not bring complete destruction to them + +"do not completely destroy them" + +# Trim their vines, since those vines do not come from Yahweh + +The word "their" refers to the vineyards. Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel and Judah as if they were vines. AT: "like farmers who trim the vines of a vineyard, you must remove many of the people of Israel and Judah, because they do not belong to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For the houses of Israel and Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for a person's descendants. In this case it refers to the people of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. AT: "For the people of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# They have spoken falsely about Yahweh and they said + +"They have spoken falsely about Yahweh by saying" + +# no harm will come upon us, and we will not see sword or famine + +These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# no harm will come upon us + +The idiom "come upon us" means "happen to us." AT: "No harm will happen to us" or "no one will harm us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we will not see sword or famine + +Here "see" is a metaphor for experience, and "sword" is a metonym for war. AT: "we will not experience war or famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The prophets will become wind + +Here "prophets" is a metonym that represents what the prophets say, and "wind" is a metaphor for something that does not do anything. AT: "The prophets words are just noisy wind" or "The prophets make noise like the wind, but what they prophesy will not happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word is not in them + +Here "the word" refers to God's message. AT: "God's message is not in them" or "the messages that they speak are not from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so let what they say be done to them + +It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. AT: "so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them" or "since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/14.md b/jer/05/14.md index b220db7ddf..7925fc2b5c 100644 --- a/jer/05/14.md +++ b/jer/05/14.md @@ -1,25 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Because you -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel and Judah. -## translationNotes +# have said this -* **Because you** - The word "you" refers to the people of Israel and Judah. -* **have said this** - See what the people said in [[en:bible:notes:jer:05:10]]. -* **see** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **I am about to place my word in your mouth. It will be like a fire** - "I am about to make the words that I have you speak for me into a fire" -* **in your mouth** - The word "your" refers to Jeremiah. "for you to speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **this people** - the people of Israel -* **it will consume them** - "the fire will burn up the people of Israel" Yahweh's word will destroy the people like a fire burns wood. AT: "Because you will destroy the people of Israel when you speak my words." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **against you ** - "to attack you." The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. -* **house of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:02:04]]. -* **It is a lasting nation, an ancient nation** - AT: “It is an old enduring nation” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **a lasting nation** - "an enduring nation" or "a very strong nation" -* **It is a nation who language you do not know, nor will you understand what they say** - AT: “It is a nation whose language you will not understand” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +See what the people said in [Jeremiah 5:12](./10.md). + +# see + +"look" or "listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am about to place my word in your mouth + +Here "place my word in your mouth" represents causing Jeremiah to speak God's message. AT: "I will cause you to speak my message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will be like a fire, and this people will be like wood + +Yahweh speaks of his message as if it were a fire, and of his people as if they were wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# For it will consume them + +"For my message will consume them." Yahweh's message was about how he would punish his people, so he speaks as if his message would destroy them as a fire destroys wood. AT: "For when you speak my message, it will destroy the people of Israel as fire destroys wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# against you + +"to attack you." The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. Here God was speaking to them. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). AT: "Israelites" or "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# it is a lasting nation, an ancient nation + +These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how long the nation has existed. This refers to the nation from far away that Yahweh will bring against Israel. AT: "it is a very old and enduring nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# a lasting nation + +"an enduring nation" or "a very strong nation" + +# It is a nation whose language you do not know, nor will you understand what they say + +These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the Israelites do not know the language of those people. It may imply that the Israelites have not had much contact with them. AT: "It is a nation whose language you will not understand at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/16.md b/jer/05/16.md index d79a57c3c9..0a3a1f08dd 100644 --- a/jer/05/16.md +++ b/jer/05/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Its quiver ... They are all soldiers -* **Its quiver is like an open tomb** - The arrows that come from the quiver kill very many people and send them to their grave. AT: "That nation will use arrow to kill very many people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Its quiver** - The word "Its" refers to the nation that Yahweh will bring to attack Israel. -* **quiver** - a container for holding arrows -* **So your harvest will be consumed** - AT: "So the army of that nation will eat what you expected to harvest." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They will eat** - The word "They" refers to the army of that nation. -* **They will batter down with a sword your fortified cities** - The sword represents all of the different weapons that people use in war. AT: "They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* ** that you trusted in** - "that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe" +Here "Its quiver" represents the enemy nation's army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# quiver + +a container for holding arrows + +# Its quiver is like an open tomb + +An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. AT: "That nation's army will use their arrows and kill many people" or "Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food + +Possible meanings are that 1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. AT: "So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed" or 2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being "consumed" would be a metaphor for killed. AT: "So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So your harvest will be consumed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your sons and daughters also, and your food + +Possible meanings are that 1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or 2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food. + +# They will eat + +The word "They" refers to the army of that nation. + +# They will batter down with a sword your fortified cities + +The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. AT: "They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your fortified cities + +Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside. + +# that you trusted in + +"that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/18.md b/jer/05/18.md index 80af82dc39..6bbdd4acff 100644 --- a/jer/05/18.md +++ b/jer/05/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Jeremiah. -## translationNotes +# in those days -* **in those days** - The phrase "those days" refers to the time when a distant nation will come and attack the people of Israel. -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **do not intend to destroy** - "will not destroy" -* **It will happen when you** - "When you" or "When it happens that you" -* **all these things** - Yahweh sent a foreign army to attack Israel. -* **worshiped foreign gods** - Many versions translate, "served foreign gods," but here what is meant is worshiping them. +The phrase "those days" refers to the time when a distant nation will come and attack the people of Israel. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# do not intend to destroy + +"will not destroy" + +# done all these things to us + +The phrase "these things" refers to sending armies to attack them. AT: "done all these things to harm us" or "sent foreign armies to attack us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Just as you ... served foreign gods in your land, so you must also serve strangers + +Here "served foreign gods" represents worshiping foreign gods. God would punish them for serving foreign gods by making them serve foreign people. AT: "Because you ... worshiped foreign gods in your land, you will have to serve foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/20.md b/jer/05/20.md index 089f6c8432..b7629265d2 100644 --- a/jer/05/20.md +++ b/jer/05/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:report]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Report this -* Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Report this** - "Tell this" -* **house of Jacob** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:02:04]]. -* **let it be heard in Judah** - "announce it in Judah" -* **people! For idols have no will** - "people that has no mind." AT: "people that cannot understand." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **there are eyes in them, but they cannot see.** - AT: "You have eyes but you do not understand what I am doing" -* **There are ears on them, but they do not hear** - "AT: "You have ears but you do not understand what I am telling you" -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **Do you not fear me...** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. AT: "It is foolish that you do not fear me..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **or tremble before my face** - AT: "or shake with fear because of me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I have placed a border of sand against the sea** - "I placed the sand as the border for the sea" -* **an ongoing decree that it does not violate** - "an everlasting limit that it cannot cross" -* **rises and falls** - "tosses back and forth" -* **not violate it** - AT: "not succeed in overcoming the border." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"Tell this" + +# the house of Jacob + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. Translate "house of Jacob" as in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let it be heard in Judah + +This can be expressed in active from. AT: "Let those in Judah hear it" or "announce it in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who have no understanding + +"who do not understand" or "who understand nothing" + +# you cannot see + +Here "cannot see" is a metonym for not understanding. AT: "you do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you cannot hear + +Here "cannot hear" represents not understanding. "AT: "you do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Do you not fear me ... face? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. AT: "It is foolish that you do not fear me ... face!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# or tremble before my face + +The trembling would be because of fear, and being "before my face" represents being aware of who God is. AT: "or shake with fear because of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have placed a border of sand against the sea + +"I placed the sand as the border for the sea" + +# an ongoing decree that it does not violate + +God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. AT: "an everlasting limit that it cannot cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rises and falls + +"moves back and forth" + +# it does not violate it + +"the ocean does not violate my decree." God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the the ocean were a person who obeys the law. AT: "it does not succeed in going past the border" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/23.md b/jer/05/23.md index 2317dbba2a..e72daddb77 100644 --- a/jer/05/23.md +++ b/jer/05/23.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# this people has a stubborn heart. It turns -* Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -* **has a stubborn heart** - AT: "is stubborn and rebellious." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **It turns away in rebellion and goes away** - "They turn away and go away." AT: "They do not obey or listen." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **say in their hearts** - AT: "think to themselves." -* **keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us** - "and makes sure for us that the weeks of harvest happens when they are supposed to" -* **Your iniquities** - The word "Your refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah. "your sins" -* **these things** - the rains and the harvest +The people's heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word "you." AT: "but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn" or "but you people are stubborn. You turn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# It turns away in rebellion and goes away + +The word "it" refers to the people. Here "goes away" represents disobeying God. AT: "They rebel and disobey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they do not say in their hearts + +Here "their hearts" represent their thoughts, and "say" represents thinking. AT: "they do not think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us + +Here "keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest" represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. AT: "making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Your iniquities + +The word "Your" refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah. + +# these things + +This refers to the the rains and the harvests. + +# Your sins have stopped good from coming to you + +Good things "coming" represents good things happening. "Because of your sins, good things have stopped happening to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/26.md b/jer/05/26.md index a62aeb1263..cf49d59d30 100644 --- a/jer/05/26.md +++ b/jer/05/26.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceit, deception, deceptive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:plead|plead, pleading, plea]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] -* [[en:tw:snare|snare, trap]] +Yahweh continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# For wicked men are found with my people -* Yahweh continues to speak. -* **For wicked men are found with my people** - AT: "For I have found wicked men among my people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they set a trap and catch people** - AT: "They set things up so that they can take advantage of people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **grow large and become rich** - "become powerful and rich" -* **they shine with well-being** - being** - "and sleek" or "and smooth." The people look smooth because their thick fat hides their bones. -* **They pass beyond all bounds of wickedness** - "They do things that are even worse than evil." -* **the cause of the orphan** - This refers to court cases in which orphans ask that justice be done. AT: "they do not support the court cases brought by orphans." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Should I not punish...that is like this** - See how you translated "So should I not punish...that is like this" in [[en:bible:notes:jer:05:07]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For I have found wicked men among my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They watch as someone crouches to capture birds + +God speaks of wicked people wanting to harm someone as if they were waiting to capture birds. AT: "Like someone hiding and waiting to capture birds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they set a trap and catch people + +God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. AT: "They set things up so that they can take advantage of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of deceit + +Here "deceit" represents the things that were taken by deceit. AT: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people's houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they grow large and become rich + +Here "large" represents powerful. AT: "these wicked people become powerful and rich" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they shine with well-being + +Possible meanings are 1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or 2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well. + +# They crossed over all bounds of wickedness + +Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. AT: "They do all kinds of wicked things" or "They even do the most wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan + +"They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need" or "They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans" + +# they have not given justice to the needy + +"they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them" + +# Should I not punish ... a nation like this? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Jeremiah 5:9](./07.md). AT: "So I will punish them, this is Yahweh's declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/30.md b/jer/05/30.md index fb3265b336..42ba30270c 100644 --- a/jer/05/30.md +++ b/jer/05/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:horror]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Yahweh continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# Atrocities and horrors have occurred -* Yahweh continues to speak. -* **Atrocities and horrors have occurred** - "A dreadful and awful thing has occurred" -* **in the land** - AT: "in the land of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **prophesy with deceit** - "prophesy lies" -* **with their own power** - "according to the directions of the prophets" -* **but what will happen in the end** - "but what will you do at the end of all of this?" Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when it results in punishment. AT: "but you will be in trouble and regret this wicked behavior when it ends with punishment?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **in the end** - The phrase "the end" refers to the punishment that results from the wicked things that the people have done. +This can be stated more actively. AT: "People do terrible and horrible things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the land + +Here "the land" refers to the land of Israel.' AT: "in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power + +These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30. + +# The prophets prophesy with deceit + +"The prophets prophesy lies" or "The prophets tell lies when they prophesy" + +# the priests rule with their own power + +Possible meanings are 1) the priests do not submit to God's authority. AT: "the priests rule by their own authority" or 2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but what will happen in the end? + +"but what will you do at the end of all of this?" Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. AT: "but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/intro.md b/jer/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a8a9cf84d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Jeremiah 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 5:1-31, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Hyperbole ##### +It is possible that Yahweh is using the word "a" (meaning "even one") as hyperbole when he states, "If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem." The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Yahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/01.md b/jer/06/01.md index 75d56e8abd..fad4bb5745 100644 --- a/jer/06/01.md +++ b/jer/06/01.md @@ -1,30 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh is speaking. -## translationNotes +# Find safety ... by leaving Jerusalem -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **Find safety** - "Take refuge" -* ** Blow a trumpet in Tekoa** - AT: "people living in the town of Takoa prepare to be attacked" -* **Tekoa** - the name of a town about 18 km south of Jerusalem. The name means "a horn for blowing." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Raise up over Beth Hakerem a signal** - AT: "people living in the town of Beth Hakerem prepare to be besieged" -* **Beth Hakerem ** - the name of a town about 10 km south of Jerusalem. The name means "the place of the vineyard." -* **a signal** - AT: "a signal to warn people that danger is coming." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **since wickedness is appearing** - AT: "since people see disaster coming." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a great crushing** - "great destruction" -* **I will destroy the daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman** - This could also be translated as "I have compared the daughter of Zion with a beautiful and delicate woman." -* **the daughter of Zion** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:04:30]]. -* **daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman** - Yahweh describes Jerusalem as though she were a woman. AT: "daughter of Zion who is like a beautiful and delicate woman." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **The shepherds and their flocks will go to them** - AT: The kings and their soldiers will surround Jerusalem." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **against her all around** - "near to her all around" -* **each man will shepherd with his own hand** - AT: "each king will attack with his own soldiers." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "Find safety" represents doing what they can in order to be safe. AT: "Be safe .. by leaving Jerusalem" or "Leave Jerusalem ... so that you can be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# people of Benjamin + +This is who Yahweh was speaking to. + +# Blow a trumpet in Tekoa + +A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. AT: "Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Tekoa + +This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means "a horn for blowing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal + +Possible meanings are 1) the signal is smoke from a fire. AT: "Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming" or 2) the signal is a flag. AT: "Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming" + +# Beth Hakkerem + +the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means "the place of the vineyard." + +# wickedness is appearing from the north + +Here "wickedness" represents disaster and the people who will cause it. AT: "enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you" or "enemies coming from the north will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a great crushing is coming + +How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. AT: "Enemies will come and crush you" or "Enemies will come and destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman + +Zion is another name for Jerusalem. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as though it were a woman. He speaks of it as a daughter to show his love for Jerusalem. AT: "My dear Zion, which is like a beautiful and delicate woman" or "My dear Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The shepherds and their flocks will go to them + +Kings were often spoken of as shepherds of their people. AT: "The kings and their soldiers will go to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will set up tents against her all around + +The phrase "against her" means "in order to attack Zion." AT: "they will set up tents all around Zion in order to attack it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# each man will shepherd + +God speaks of kings leading their armies to destroy the land, as if they were shepherds leading their sheep to eat grass. AT: "like a shepherd each king will lead his army" or "each king will lead his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with his own hand + +Here "hand" represents the portion of something someone his assigned to take in his hand. Here it refers to the portion of land the king is assigned to conquer. AT: "and conquer his portion of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/04.md b/jer/06/04.md index 08b7381c90..23b6bc2f98 100644 --- a/jer/06/04.md +++ b/jer/06/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +A king from the attacking army is speaking to the men under his control. -## translationNotes +# Dedicate yourselves ... destroy her fortresses -* A king from the attacking army is speaking to the men under his control. -* **Prepare for battle with prayers and sacrifices** - The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices. AT: "Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Arise** - "Get up" -* **at noon** - AT: "at noon even though it is very hot." -* **the daylight is fading away** - "the day is ending" -* **are falling** - "are stretching out" -* **at night** - AT: "during the night even though it is dark." -* **her fortresses** - "the strong buildings of Jerusalem" +It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. AT: "The kings say to their armies, 'Dedicate yourselves ... destroy her fortresses'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Dedicate yourselves to the gods for the battle + +The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. AT: "Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Arise + +"Get up" + +# let us attack at noon + +"Let us attack Jerusalem at noon" + +# It is too bad that the daylight is fading away, that the evening shadows are falling + +The kings say this later in the day when they want their army to keep fighting even though it is getting dark. + +# the daylight is fading away + +The end of the day is spoken of in terms of its light becoming dark. AT: "the day is ending" or "it is beginning to get dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are falling + +"are stretching out" or "are getting longer" + +# at night + +"during the night even though it is dark" + +# her fortresses + +People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word "her" refers to Jerusalem. AT: "the strong buildings of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/06.md b/jer/06/06.md index 5d4fd70412..977ab3bbc4 100644 --- a/jer/06/06.md +++ b/jer/06/06.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts says this -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:well]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Cut her trees -* **Cut her trees** - "Cut down the trees." Yahweh is speaking to the army that will attack Jerusalem. -* **siegeworks** - "siege mounds." These are mounds of dirt that will allow the enemy to attack the walls of Jerusalem. -* **because it is filled with oppression** - "because its people are always oppressing each other" -* **Just as a well keeps giving water, so this city keeps producing wickedness** - A well is supposed to keep producing water. Like a well remains with its water, Jerusalem has remained with its wickedness, even when Yahweh punishes it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **Violence and disorder are heard in her** - AT: "I hear violence and robbery in her." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Suffering and plague are continually before me** - AT: "I constantly see sickness and suffering." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Accept discipline, Jerusalem** - Yahweh speaks to Jerusalem as though she was a person. AT: "Learn from your punishment, you people of Jerusalem." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_Apostrophe]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_Personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_Metonymy]]) -* **an uninhabited land** - "a land that has no people living in it" +God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word "her" refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. AT: "Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# heap up siegeworks against Jerusalem + +Siegeworks are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city. + +# because it is filled with oppression + +Here "it is filled with oppression" represents people there always oppressing people. AT: "because its people are always oppressing each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# As a well pours out fresh water, so this city keeps producing wickedness + +Here "this city keeps producing wickedness" represents people in the city continuing to do wicked things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Violence and disorder are heard within her + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I hear violence and disorder in her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sickness and wounds are continually before my face + +These things being "before" God's face represents him seeing them. AT: "I constantly see sickness and wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Accept discipline, Jerusalem ... make you into a ruin, an uninhabited land + +Here God speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the city itself. AT: "Accept discipline, you people of Jerusalem ... make your land into a ruin, an uninhabited land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Accept discipline + +"Accept discipline" is a metaphor for learning from discipline. AT: "Learn from your discipline" or "When I punish you, learn to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an uninhabited land + +"a land that has no people living in it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/09.md b/jer/06/09.md index 11867aa8c6..f9173d7657 100644 --- a/jer/06/09.md +++ b/jer/06/09.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# They will certainly glean those who are left in Israel like a vineyard -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh speaks of the enemy attacking those who remain as if the enemy were to pick grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. AT: "After destroying Israel, they will certainly come back to attack the people who are still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They will certainly -* **They will certainly glean those who are left in Israel like a vineyard** - Yahweh compares the people who remain after the enemy has already destroyed Israel to grapes that are left in a vineyard that people have already harvested. AT: "They will certainly come back to attack the people who remain in Israel after they have already destroyed it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They will certainly ** - The word "They" refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel. -* **Reach out again** - Yahweh is speaking to the enemies who attack Israel. -* **Reach out again with your hand to pick grapes from the vines** - AT: "Come and attack the people of Israel who remain." -* **To whom should I** - Jeremiah is speaking. -* **To whom should I declare and warn so they will listen** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. AT: "There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Look** - Yahweh uses the word "Look" to emphasize what he is saying. -* **their ears are uncircumcised** - AT: "they refuse to listen/obey." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **their ears** - The word "their" refer to the people of Israel. +The word "They" refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel. + +# Reach out again with your hand to pick grapes from the vines + +Yahweh commands the enemy to attack those who remain in Israel as if the enemy were pick to grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. AT: "Come back and attack the people of Israel who remain" or "Like people who reach out again to pick grapes from vines that they have already harvested, come back and attack the people who remain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# To whom should I declare and warn so they will listen + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. AT: "There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Look + +"Listen" or "Indeed." This word adds emphasis to what follows. + +# Their ears are uncircumcised + +This represents their stubborn unwillingness to listen to God. AT: "Their ears are closed" or "They refuse to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their ears + +The word "Their" refer to the people of Israel. + +# The word of Yahweh has come to them + +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to them. He did this through his prophets. AT: "Yahweh has sent messages to them" or "Yahweh has spoken to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they do not want it + +"they do not want to listen to the word of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/11.md b/jer/06/11.md index 4841e1e9b9..2b867b875b 100644 --- a/jer/06/11.md +++ b/jer/06/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# But I am filled with Yahweh's fury -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jeremiah is speaking. He feels the same anger that Yahweh feels, and he speaks of being extremely angry as if he were filled with anger. AT: "I am completely angry as Yahweh is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I am tired of holding it in -* **But I** - Jeremiah is speaking. -* **am filled with Yahweh's fury** - AT: "am completely angry together with Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I am tired of holding it in** - AT: "I am tired from not expressing the anger of Yahweh" -* **Pour it out on the children in the streets** - "The children in the streets" stands for all children in the city. AT: "Express my anger to the children in the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **For every man will be taken away with his wife** - AT: "Because enemies will capture even a man with his wife." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **every old person together with every very aged person** - AT: "They will capture every senior person along with the very old person." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **will be turned over to others** - "will become the possession of other people" -* **both their fields and their wives together** - AT: "both their fields and their women will become the possession of other people." -* **For I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand** - AT: "For I will use my strength to attack the people living in the land." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **This is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +Jeremiah speaks of not showing Yahweh's anger as if he were holding the anger inside himself. AT: "I am tired from not expressing this anger" or "I am tired of not doing anything about this anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pour it out on the children in the streets and on the groups of young men + +God speaks of punishing the people of Israel as if his anger were a liquid that he wanted Jeremiah to pour out on them. AT: "In anger punish the children in the streets and the groups of young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For every man will be taken away with his wife + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because enemies will capture every man with his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every old person heavy with years + +The words "will be taken" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "every old person heavy with years will be taken" or "they will take every old person heavy with years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# every old person heavy with years + +The phrase "heavy with years" is an idiom that means "very old." It reinforces the phrase "old person." AT: "every very old person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Their houses will be turned over to others + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their houses will become the possession of other people" or "There people will take their houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# both their fields and their wives together + +The phrase "will be turned over to others" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "and their their fields and their women will also be turned over to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# For I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand + +Here "my hand" represents Yahweh's power. Here it shows that when the armies attack Israel, it is because Yahweh caused them to do it. AT: "For by my power I will attack the people living in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/13.md b/jer/06/13.md index 9095916c51..78dd5d20c9 100644 --- a/jer/06/13.md +++ b/jer/06/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# that from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:humiliate]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +The phrase "from the least to the greatest" shows that all the people of Israel are included in the phrase "all of them," regardless of how important they are. AT: "all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and every one else, are greedy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# the least -* **from their smallest to their greatest** - AT: "all the people of Israel that remain, from the least powerful to the most powerful." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **is greedy for dishonest gain** - "does bad things to other people in order to get money" -* **heal** - "fix" or "solve" -* **the brokenness of my people** - "the severe problem that my people has" -* **only lightly** - The prophets and the priests treat the sins of the people of Israel as though they were a small wound. AT: "as though it were not serious." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **‘Peace! Peace!’ when there is no peace** - "'All is well! All is well!' but it is not well" -* **Were they ashamed when they committed abominations?** - "They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* ** They were not ashamed at all, they did not experience any humility** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) "they were not ashamed of what they did" -* **will fall** - AT: "will be killed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **will be overthrown** - "will stumble." AT: "will perish" or "will lose their power and become helpless." +This refers to the least powerful and least important people. AT: "the least powerful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the greatest + +This refers to the most powerful and most important people. AT: "the greatest people" or "the most powerful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# all of them + +"all of the people of Israel" + +# are greedy for dishonest gain + +The abstract noun "gain" can be expressed with the phrases "get more money" or "get more things." AT: "want to get more money by lying to people" or "strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all of them practice deceit + +"all of them deceive people" or "all of them are liars" + +# They have healed the wounds of my people lightly + +Possible meanings are 1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. AT: "They act as though my people's problems are not serious, like small wounds" or 2) the wounds represent the people's sin. AT: "They acts as though my people's sins are not serious, like small wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They have healed the wounds ... lightly + +Here "lightly" represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# 'Peace, Peace,' when there is no peace + +"'All is well, All is well,' but it is not well" + +# Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? + +God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. AT: "They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they did not know how to blush + +When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. AT: "their faces did not even turn red" + +# they will fall among the fallen + +Here "fall" represents being killed. AT: "they will be killed along with the others who are killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will be brought down when they are punished + +Here "will be brought down" represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will destroy them when I punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/16.md b/jer/06/16.md index 8afb1a8443..89d47bea8b 100644 --- a/jer/06/16.md +++ b/jer/06/16.md @@ -1,33 +1,71 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh says this -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It can be stated clearly who Yahweh says this to. AT: "Yahweh says this to the people of Israel" or "Yahweh says this to his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Stand at the road crossing ... We will not go -* **Stand at the road crossing** - Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Stand at the road crossing…We will not go** - The paths and roads refer to the way that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what would be a good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **ask for the ancient pathways** - "ask about what your ancestors did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and find a resting place for your soul** - "and you will find rest for yourselves" -* **I appointed for you watchmen …will not listen** - Yahweh describes the prophets as watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **appointed for you** - The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. -* **to listen for the trumpet** - "listen to the sound of the trumpet." Yahweh is commanding the people of Israel to pay attention to the warning that he gave them through the prophets. -* **Therefore, nations, listen! See, you witnesses, what will happen to them. Hear, earth! See** - These three sentences all are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) "You other nations see what I will do to my people" -* **I am about to bring disaster to this people** - "soon I will punish these people severely" -* **you witnesses** - "you who are witnesses" -* **will happen to them** - The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. -* **Hear, earth** - AT: "Hear, people that live on the earth." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the fruit of their thoughts** - Yahweh uses the word "fruit" as a way of referring to the result of their thoughts. AT: "the disaster is the consequence of their thoughts." -* **They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it** - "They did not obey what I told them to do." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the road crossing + +This refers to the place where two roads meet. + +# ask for the ancient pathways + +The ancient pathways represent their ancestors's behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. AT: "ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on" or "ask about how your ancestors behaved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Where is this good way + +Possible meanings are 1) "this good way" represents the good way to live. AT: "What is the good way to live" or 2) "this good way" represents the way to live that results in blessings. AT: "Where is the way to what is good" or "What is the way to live that results in blessing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then go on it + +"Then walk on that path." Going on that path represents living that way. AT: "Then live that way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We will not go + +This represents not living that way. AT: "We will not live that way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I appointed for you watchmen to listen for the trumpet + +Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# appointed for you + +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. + +# to listen for the trumpet + +"to listen to the sound of the trumpet." Yahweh speaks of his warning messages to his prophets as if the messages were a trumpet being blown to warn people about the danger that would come. The prophets were to listen to the warning and tell the people about it. + +# Therefore, nations, listen! See, you witnesses, what will happen to them. Hear, earth! See + +These three sentences all are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. AT: "You other nations, see what I will do to my people"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Therefore, nations, listen! + +"Therefore, nation, listen to what I am about to say!" + +# I am about to bring disaster to this people + +"soon I will punish these people severely" + +# you witnesses + +"you who are witnesses" + +# will happen to them + +The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. + +# Hear, earth + +The word "earth" represents the people of the earth. AT: "Hear, people that live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fruit of their thoughts + +Here the word "fruit" represents results or consequences. AT: "the consequences of their thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it + +Here "paid no attention to my word" refers to not listening to what God said, and "rejected it" refers to refusing to obey God's law. AT: "They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/20.md b/jer/06/20.md index 50292e4c04..4b4c62bb51 100644 --- a/jer/06/20.md +++ b/jer/06/20.md @@ -1,28 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# What does this frankincense going up from Sheba mean to me? Or these sweet smells from a distant land? -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:reed]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheba]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God uses these questions to rebuke the people. AT: "Frankincense from Sheba and sweet smelling cane from a distant land mean nothing to me." or "I do not want your burnt offerings of frankincense from Sheba or sweet smelling cane from a distant land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# these sweet smells -* **What does this frankincense going up from Sheba mean to me? Or these sweet smells from a distant land?** - AT: "I do not want frankincense from Sheba or the good smelling oil from a land far away." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **these sweet smells** - This sweet smells were used to worship God at the temple. -* **are not acceptable to me** - "do not please me" or "do not make me happy" -* **See** - The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **I am about to place a stumbling block against this people** - "I am about to put obstacles in front of this people." Yahweh describes the difficulties that he will give to the people of Israel as "stumbling blocks." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **stumbling blocks** - difficulties -* **over it** - "over them" -* **fathers and sons together** - AT: "fathers and sons with both stumble." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Inhabitants and their neighbors** - "Neighbors and their friends" -* **been stirred up to come from a distant land** - "has become active in order to come from places far to the north" +People would burn sweet smelling cane as an offering to God. + +# are not acceptable to me + +"do not please me" or "do not make me happy" + +# See + +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am about to place a stumbling block against this people + +"I am about to put obstacles in front of this people." Yahweh speaks of the troubles that he will make happen to the people of Israel as if they were a blocks that people stumble over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will stumble over it + +Here "stumble over it" represents being harmed by the troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fathers and sons together + +The phrase "will stumble" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "fathers and sons will both stumble" or "fathers and sons will both be hurt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Inhabitants and their neighbors + +"Neighbors and their friends" + +# a people is coming + +Their purpose can be made clear. AT: "a people is coming to attack you" or "an army is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a great nation + +Here "nation" represents the army of the nation. AT: "the army of a great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# is being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth + +Being "stirred up" represents preparing to do something. AT: "is being prepared to come from a distant land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/23.md b/jer/06/23.md index 147f044991..7ea88cfeba 100644 --- a/jer/06/23.md +++ b/jer/06/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They will pick up bows and spears -* [[en:tw:anguish]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"The soldiers will carry bows and spears" -## translationNotes +# Their sound is like the sea roar -* **They will pick up** - "They will be holding." The word "They" refers to the people in the army of the nation that will come from the north. -* **Their sound is like the sea roar** - AT: "The sound that they make is a loud roar like the sound of the ocean." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **in formation as fighting men** - "the army is organized so that the men are ready for battle" -* **daughter of Zion** - "against you, daughter Zion" or "in order to attack you, daughter of Zion." See how you translated "daughter of Zion" in [[en:bible:notes:jer:04:30]]. -* **We have heard** - The word "We" probably refers Jeremiah speaking for all the people of Judah. -* **fall limp in distress** - "are limp because we are anxious" -* **Anguish seizes us** - AT: "We are in anguish." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **as a woman bearing a child** - "like a woman who is giving birth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the ocean. AT: "The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the ocean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle + +The phrase "set out in order" means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase "as men for battle" indicates that they are ready to fight. AT: "they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# We have heard + +The word "We" probably refers to Jeremiah and the people of Judah. + +# our hands fall limp in distress + +"our hands are weak because we are anxious" + +# Anguish seizes us + +Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. AT: "We feel terrible anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a woman giving birth + +The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. AT: "like a woman who is about to give birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/25.md b/jer/06/25.md index b60785f693..cc58be9202 100644 --- a/jer/06/25.md +++ b/jer/06/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:destroyer]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Jeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# for the swords of the enemy and terror are all around -* This is probably Yahweh speaking to the daughter of Zion who represents all of the people of Jerusalem. -* **Daughter of my people** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:04:11]]. -* **fasten on sackcloth and roll about in the dust of a funeral for an only child.** - "Be very sad" -* **for the destroyer will come suddenly upon us** - "because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us." Jeremiah says these words to the people of Jerusalem. +The phrase "swords of the enemy" represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. The abstract noun "terror" refers to things that cause people to be frightened and can be translated with an adjective. AT: "For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Daughter of my people + +Jeremiah shows Yahweh's love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). AT: "My people, you who are like a daughter to me" or "My dear people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# put on sackcloth and roll in ashes + +People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. AT: "Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# mourn with painful sobs as for an only son + +Jeremiah compares the people's great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. AT: "mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# for the destroyer will suddenly come upon us + +"because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/27.md b/jer/06/27.md index e23aa02ec4..cfe0591d8a 100644 --- a/jer/06/27.md +++ b/jer/06/27.md @@ -1,30 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. God speaks of the people of Israel being very sinful as if they were silver that was full of impurities. God speaks of punishing Israel to make them stop sinning as if he were boiling silver and lead in a hot fire in order to remove the impurities from the silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# one who tests my people like one would test metal -* Yahweh is speaking. -* **one who tests my people like one would test metal** - "a person who will test my people." Yahweh is comparing Jeremiah to a person who tests silver to find out how pure it is. The people are like the silver that Jeremiah is testing and their sins are the impurities in the silver. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **will inspect** - "will discover" -* **their ways** - AT: "the things that they do." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **who go about slandering others** - "and constantly slander other people" -* **bronze and iron** - Neither of these metals are the silver that Yahweh wants. Silver represents the righteousness that Yahweh desires. AT: "impure and wicked." -* **The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames** - The fire that refines the silver is so hot that it burns the bellows. (Bellows are a device used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire.) A refiner adds lead to silver ore in order to draw out impurities, but the refiner has run out of lead. These phrases emphasize that the refiner is working very hard to refine the silver. -* **The refining continues among them** - "The refiner continues to refine" -* **because the evil is not removed** - AT: "because the bad parts do not go away." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They will be called rejected silver** - AT: "People will call them 'worthless silver'" +Yahweh compares Jeremiah testing his people to a person who tests metal to see how good it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their ways + +"their behavior" or "how they live" + +# who go about slandering others + +"and constantly slander other people" + +# All of them are bronze and iron + +Bronze and iron are hard metals. Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they were hard like bronze and iron. AT: "All of them are hard like bronze and iron" or "All of them are stubborn, as hard as bronze and iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames + +God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the the one boiling the metal was working very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them + +The fire is so hot that it burns the bellows. This can be stated in active form. This very hot fire represents God's judgment. AT: "The fire is so hot that it scorches the bellows" or "The punishment is so severe that it is like a fire that even burns the bellows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The bellows are scorched + +Bellows are a tool used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire to make the fire hotter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the lead is consumed in the flames + +The silver has so many impurities in it that the lead is used up before it can remove them all. This represents the people of Israel being so full of sin, that they continue to sin even after God punishes them. AT: "the silver is so full of impurities, that the lead that is used to remove them is used up" or "they are like silver that is so full of impurities that the lead cannot remove them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The refining continues among them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will continue to refine them" or "You will continue to try to purify them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because the evil is not removed + +God speaks of Israel continuing to be evil as if they were silver and the impurities remained in the silver. This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the evil remains" or "the impurities remain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be called rejected silver + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will call the people of Israel 'worthless silver'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/intro.md b/jer/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a346cd37da --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Jeremiah 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:1-30, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gods and battle ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation's gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/01.md b/jer/07/01.md index 695c7c5af3..516d57df23 100644 --- a/jer/07/01.md +++ b/jer/07/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said," or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# all you of Judah -* **This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh** - "This is the message that Yahweh sent to Jeremiah" -* **this word** - the message that Yahweh is just about to give to Jeremiah -* **Stand...Say** - Yahweh is giving these commands to Jeremiah. -* **to worship Yahweh** - "in order to worship Yahweh" +"all you people of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/03.md b/jer/07/03.md index f081630f77..dd5425bdab 100644 --- a/jer/07/03.md +++ b/jer/07/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* This is the message that Yahweh wants Jeremiah to give to the people of Judah. -* **Make your ways and practices good** - "Lead a good life and do good deeds" -* **this place** - This refers to the land of Israel, which has the temple as its center. -* **Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say** - "Do not let yourselves trust in false words by saying" -* **Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh!** - The people repeat this phrase three times to emphasize the point. It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh, he will be able to protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. AT: "This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one can destroy it and we are safe." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue + +"If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue" + +# in this place + +This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple. + +# Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say + +The reflexive pronoun "yourself" emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. AT: "Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! + +It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why "Temple of Yahweh" is repeated three times are 1) it was repeated for emphasis or 2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. AT: "This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/05.md b/jer/07/05.md index 844d723573..9974139b8e 100644 --- a/jer/07/05.md +++ b/jer/07/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# make your ways and practices good -* These are Yahweh's words to the people of Judah. -* **if you completely** - "if you actually" -* **make your ways and practices good** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:07:03]]. -* **if you completely execute justice** - "if you treat people fairly" -* **if you do not exploit the one staying** - "treat fairly the foreigners who are staying" -* **orphan** - children whose fathers has died -* **do not pour out innocent blood** - AT: "do not kill innocent people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **do not walk after** - AT: "do not worship." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to your own harm** - "so that bad things happen to you" -* **this place** - This refers to the land of Israel, which has the temple as its center. -* **will let you stay** - "will let you live" -* **and forever** - "and forever into the future" +"improve your ways and practices." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](./03.md). + +# completely execute justice + +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the verb "judge." AT: "judge rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# do not exploit the one + +"treat fairly the foreigner" + +# orphan + +child whose parents have died + +# pour out innocent blood + +Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. AT: "kill innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walk after other gods + +Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. AT: "serve other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to your own harm + +This is an idiom. AT: "for that will ruin you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in this place + +Here "this place" refers to the land of Judah. + +# will let you stay + +"will let you continue to live" + +# from ancient times and forever + +"from ancient times and continually." This means Yahweh gave the land to the people of Judah to be their permanent possession. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/08.md b/jer/07/08.md index 9dcd060520..2ec7414738 100644 --- a/jer/07/08.md +++ b/jer/07/08.md @@ -1,28 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Judah through the prophet Jeremiah. -* **Behold!** - The word "Behold!" shows that the following questions are very important. -* **You are trusting in deceitful words that do not help you.** - AT: "You think that I will save Jerusalem because I will protect my temple. But that is a lie!" -* **Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery?** - AT: "You steal, kill, and commit adultery" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **And do you swear deceitfully and offer incense to Baal and walk after other gods whom you have not known?** - AT: "You lie even in your oaths and worship Baal and other new gods." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Then do you come and stand before me in this house where my name is proclaimed and say, ‘We are saved,” so you can do all of these abominations?** - AT: "Then you come to my house and say 'Yahweh will save us" so that you can continue to sin greatly." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is not this house ... a den of bandits in your eyes?** - AT: "This house is ... a den of bandits in your eyes!" or "You act as though you think my house ... should be a place where bandits can go to hide!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **bandits** - "robbers" or "people who steal things from others" -* **Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +The word "you" in these verses refers to the people of Judah. + +# Behold! + +The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows. + +# Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery? Do you swear ... and walk after other gods whom you have not known? + +These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear ... and walk after other gods whom you have not known." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# swear deceitfully + +"lie even in your oaths" + +# walk after other gods + +Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:6](./05.md). AT: "serve other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then do you come and stand ... so you can do all of these abominations? + +This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Then you come and stand ... so you can do all of these abominations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# house that is called by my name + +This is a metonym for Yahweh's temple. It can be expressed in active form. AT: "house that belongs to me" or "temple where you worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Is this house, which carries my name, a den of bandits in your eyes? + +This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh's temple. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!" or "You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this house, which carries my name + +Yahweh's temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to "this house that is called by my name" in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bandits + +"robbers." This word refers to violent men who steal and destroy. + +# But behold, I have seen it + +"But I certainly have seen what you are doing" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/12.md b/jer/07/12.md index 7a88572114..5ed8db9bb5 100644 --- a/jer/07/12.md +++ b/jer/07/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh|Shiloh]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to speak to Judah through the prophet Jeremiah. -* **So go to** - AT: "So remember" or " So think about" -* **on account of your doing all of these practices** - "because you were doing all of those things" -* **time and time again** - "again and again" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. + +# my place that was in Shiloh, where I allowed my name to stay there in the beginning + +Here "where I allowed my name to stay" is an idiom that means this was a place where Yahweh was worshiped. AT: "the place in Shiloh where I first allowed my people to worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on account of your doing all of these practices + +"because you were doing all these things" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# time and time again + +This hendiadys is also an idiom that means something is done many times. AT: "repeatedly" or "persistently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this house that is called by my name + +This is a metonym for Yahweh's temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](./08.md). AT: "this house that belongs to me" or "this temple where you worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/16.md b/jer/07/16.md index 03ee50b271..cb4ebbba6d 100644 --- a/jer/07/16.md +++ b/jer/07/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering|drink offering]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. In these verses, "this people" refers to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# do not pray for this people, and do not lift up a lamenting wail or say a prayer on their behalf, and do not petition me -* **do not pray for this people, and do not lift up a lamenting wail or say a prayer on their behalf, and do not petition me** - These four clauses say the same thing. AT: "do not pray to me asking me to bless these people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **lift up a lamenting wail** - "cry out with sadness" -* **on their behalf** - "for their benefit" or "in their interest" -* **do not petition me** - "do not ask me" -* **will provoke me** - "will anger me" +These four clauses each mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# lift up a lamenting wail + +"cry out with sadness" + +# on their behalf + +"for their benefit" or "for them" + +# petition me + +"plead with me" + +# Do you not see what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? + +This question expects a positive answer and is asked to bring these things to Jeremiah's attention. They can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Look at what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# kindling the fire + +"starting the fire" + +# kneading dough + +mixing dough by hand + +# dough + +a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking + +# the queen of the heavens + +This was the name of a false god. AT: "the false god known as 'the queen of the heavens'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will provoke me + +"will anger me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/19.md b/jer/07/19.md index b279bc8934..5bf4ee11f1 100644 --- a/jer/07/19.md +++ b/jer/07/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +Yahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Truly provoking me...they are provoking** - "Truly troubling me...they are troubling" -* **Are they truly provoking me?** - AT: "They are not really troubling me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them?** - AT: "They trouble themselves by their shameful behavior." -* **See** - This word call attention to what follows, AT: "Listen carefully because this is important" -* **my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place** - AT: "I will punish the people of this place." -* **anger and wrath** - These words have similar meaning and the two are use for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **It will burn** - The word "it" refers to "Yahweh's anger and wrath". -* **never be extinguished** - "never stop burning" or "never stop being angry" +In these verses, "they" and "themselves" refer to the people of Judah. + +# Are they truly provoking me? + +This question expects a negative answer. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "They are not really provoking me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were another person so that Jeremiah and the people of Judah will listen carefully to what he says. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what Yahweh has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them? + +This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!" or "they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# shame is on them + +The abstract noun "shame" can be translated using the verb "shamed." AT: "they are shamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# See + +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place + +Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. AT: "I will punish this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# anger and wrath + +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh's anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# gush out + +"pour out" + +# It will burn and never be extinguished + +Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could not be put out. AT: "No one will will be able to stop my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# never be extinguished + +"never stop burning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/21.md b/jer/07/21.md index 8158323fb3..910390d514 100644 --- a/jer/07/21.md +++ b/jer/07/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and the meat from them.** - Although ​ Yahweh required sacrifices, ​he no longer wanted ​their sacrifices ​because the people remained disobedient after coming to the Temple. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +In these verses, "you" and "your" refer to the people of Judah. + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and the meat from them + +This is an ironic statement emphasizing that none of their sacrifices were acceptable to Yahweh. AT: "Go ahead and eat the burnt offerings along with your sacrifices and meat from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Listen to my voice + +Here listening to Yahweh's voice means to both hear his words and obey what he says. AT: "Hear and obey what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walk in all the ways that I am commanding you + +Yahweh speaks of obeying his commands as if one were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. AT: "do everything that I am commanding you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/24.md b/jer/07/24.md index a3012cfff8..ede2591f65 100644 --- a/jer/07/24.md +++ b/jer/07/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to remind the people of Judah of the way that the people of Israel rebelled. -* **by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts** - "according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn" -* **so they went backwards, not forward** - "and so they turned their backs to me and not their faces." AT: "and so they refused to pay attention to me, instead of eagerly obeying me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **every one of my servants** - "all of my servants" -* **persisted in sending them** - "diligently sent them every day" -* **my prophets, to you** - The word "you" refers to the people of Judah and all of their ancestors. -* **they did not listen** - The word "they" refers to all of the people of Israel had lived since their ancestors came out of Egypt. -* **hardened their necks** - AT: "stubbornly refused to listen." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They were more wicked** - "Each generation was more wicked" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. "They" refers to the ancestors of the people of Judah. + +# they did not listen or pay attention + +These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts + +"according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn" + +# they went backwards, not forward + +This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. AT: "they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me" or 2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. AT: "they got worse instead of better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Ever since the day when your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until this day + +This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. AT: "From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# I persisted in sending them + +"I sent them again and again" or "I repeatedly sent them" + +# they hardened their necks + +This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. AT: "they became stubborn" or "they resisted me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They were more wicked + +"Each generation was more wicked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/27.md b/jer/07/27.md index f1016ddfe2..5ea61a824c 100644 --- a/jer/07/27.md +++ b/jer/07/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you.** - These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) AT: "Tell them my message but the will not listen and change their evil ways." -* **the voice of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:03:23]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: Parallelism) - AT: "The people tell only lies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "them" and "they" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. + +# So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you. + +These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. AT: "Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the voice of Yahweh its God + +Here "the voice of Yahweh" represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:25](../03/23.md). AT: "what Yahweh its God has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths + +Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths" or "The people tell only lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Truth is destroyed + +The abstract noun "truth" can be translated using the adjective "truthful." AT: "What is truthful is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/29.md b/jer/07/29.md index 2b25835c8c..f325bf544a 100644 --- a/jer/07/29.md +++ b/jer/07/29.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:detestable]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] -* [[en:tw:rage|rage]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **sons of Judah** - "descendants of Judah" -* **rejected and abandoned** - These two words have the same meaning. They are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **abandoned** - "left alone" or "ignored" -* **in my eye** - "in my sight" or "in my thoughts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +The word "your" in these verses refers to the people of Judah. + +# Cut off your hair and shave yourself, and throw away your hair + +This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# rejected and abandoned + +These two words have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# sons of Judah + +This refers to the people of Judah. AT: "people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have done evil in my eye + +The word "eye" represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "have done what I judge to be evil" or "have done what I consider to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# their detestable things + +Here "detestable things" refers to idols, which God hates. AT: "their disgusting idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# house that is called by my name + +This is a metonym for Yahweh's temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](./08.md). AT: "house that belongs to me" or "temple where they worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/31.md b/jer/07/31.md index 40a7de1303..e6e2040180 100644 --- a/jer/07/31.md +++ b/jer/07/31.md @@ -1,26 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +Yahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah had done. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah have done. -* **shrine of Topheth** - This is the name of a place where the people of Israel sacrificed their children to a false god by burning them with fire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the valley of Ben Hinnom** - This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. -* **in fire** - AT: "in fire as sacrifices." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **It never came up in my mind** - AT: "and I never even thought of commanding it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **So see** - The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **days are coming** - AT: "someday in the future." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **it will no longer be called ** - AT: "people will no longer call it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Valley of Slaughter** - "Valley of Killing" -* **They will bury bodies** - "The people of Judah bury dead people" -* **no room left** - "no space left" +The words "they" and "their" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. + +# the high place of Topheth + +This is the name of a place where the people of Israel sacrificed their children to a false god by burning them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Valley of Ben Hinnom + +This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in fire + +The implied information is that they were burned as sacrifices to a false god. AT: "as sacrifices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nor did it enter my mind + +Here the word "mind" refers to Yahweh's thoughts. AT: "nor did I ever think about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So see + +The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" + +# days are coming ... when it + +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." AT: "in the future ... it" or "there will be a time ... when it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# it will no longer be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will no longer call it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will bury bodies + +"they will bury dead people" + +# no room left + +"no place remaining" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/33.md b/jer/07/33.md index 760cd9e07f..268a6c74a2 100644 --- a/jer/07/33.md +++ b/jer/07/33.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# The corpses -* Yahweh continues to speak. -* **The corpses** - "The dead bodies" -* **this people** - the people of Judah -* **the birds of the skies** - See how you translated "the birds of the heavens" in [[en:bible:notes:jer:04:23]]. -* **the beasts of the earth** - "the wild animals of the land" -* **to frighten them away** - "to scare them away" -* **I will put an end to** - "I will remove from" -* **the sounds of exaltation and jubilation** - "the sounds of people rejoicing and being happy" AT: "people there who are happy" -* **the sounds of the groom and bride** - AT: "people getting married (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"The dead bodies" + +# this people + +"the people of Judah" + +# the birds of the skies + +See how you translated "the birds of the heavens" in [Jeremiah 4:25](../04/23.md). + +# the beasts of the earth + +"the wild animals of the land" + +# to frighten them away + +"to scare them away" + +# I will put an end to + +"I will remove from" + +# the sound of joy and the sound of gladness + +These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns "joy" and "gladness" can be translated using the verb "rejoicing" and the adjective "glad." AT: "the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride + +This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. AT: "and people celebrating marriage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will become a desolation + +The abstract noun "desolation" can be translated using the adjective "desolate." AT: "will become desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/intro.md b/jer/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..689284fd7b --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:29-34, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice in society ##### +Jeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Do not pray for this people" ##### +Yahweh wanted the people to repent. This statement, and the others that follow, may be taken in another way. They are intended to show that it is too late for the people, and their punishment will come regardless of their response. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/01.md b/jer/08/01.md index 3beba72b35..153dc6214a 100644 --- a/jer/08/01.md +++ b/jer/08/01.md @@ -1,41 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# At that time -* Jeremiah has just told the people of Judah what will happen to the land. -* **At that time** - At the time when the events in [[en:bible:notes:jer:07:31]] [[en:bible:notes:jer:07:33]] happen. -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **they will bring** - This word "they" here refers to the people who will destroy Jerusalem. -* **its officials** - "the princes of Judah" -* **will spread them out** - The word "them" refers to the bones of the people of Judah. -* **these things that they have followed and served ** - "that they loved and which they served." The word "they" here refers to the people of Judah. -* **that they have walked after** - AT: "and that they have faithfully obeyed." See how you translated "walked after" in [[en:bible:notes:jer:02:23]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and sought** - "and that they have inquired of" -* **They will not be gathered or buried** - AT: "No one will gather their bones and bury them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They will be like dung** - Yahweh is showing how unpleasant they will be. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like dung** - "like manure" or "like poop" -* **on the surface of the earth** - "all over the ground" -* **where I have driven them** - The word "them" refers to the people of Judah. -* **they will choose death instead of life for themselves, all who are still left over from this evil nation** - "those who are still left from this evil family will want to die instead of stay alive" +At the time when the events in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md) [Jeremiah to 34](../07/33.md) happen. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# they will bring + +This word "they" here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah. + +# its officials + +"its princes" or "its rulers" + +# will spread them out + +The word "them" refers to the bones of the people listed in the previous verse. + +# that they have followed and served, that they have walked after and sought, and that they have worshiped + +The word "they" here refers to the people of Judah. These three phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# walked after + +This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The bones will not be gathered or buried again + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "No one will gather their bones or bury them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be like dung on the surface of the earth + +The bones are compared to dung on the ground both to emphasize that they will be disgusting and because they will not be buried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# on the surface of the earth + +"all over the ground" + +# where I have driven them + +The word "them" refers to the people of Judah. + +# they will choose death instead of life for themselves, all who are still left over from this evil nation + +"those who still remain from this evil nation will want to die instead of stay alive" + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/04.md b/jer/08/04.md index 2132875ecf..71c6d62d7d 100644 --- a/jer/08/04.md +++ b/jer/08/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **So say** - Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. -* **to them** - "to the people of Judah" -* **Does anyone fall and not get up?** - AT: "When someone falls, he gets back up." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]). -* **Does anyone get lost and not try to return?** - AT: "When someone is lost, he tries to return to the right path." -* **Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness?** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the way that the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. AT: "It does not make sense that this people of Jerusalem have turned away in permanent faithlessness." -* **Jerusalem** - The word "Jerusalem" refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **hold on to treachery** - "continue to worship false gods" or "cling to lies" +The words "them" and "they" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. + +# So say to them + +Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to the people of Judah. + +# Does anyone fall and not get up? Does anyone get lost and not try to return? Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness? + +These questions make the point that the way that the people of Judah were acting did not make sense. They can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that when someone falls, he gets back up, and when someone gets lost, they try to find their way back. It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Jerusalem + +The word "Jerusalem" here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. AT: "Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# hold on to treachery + +What the people of Judah were doing is spoken of as if they were clinging to treachery and would not let it go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# treachery + +"deceit." The abstract noun "treachery" can be translated using the verb "deceive." AT: "what deceives them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/06.md b/jer/08/06.md index 0d374bfa48..8a48342ae8 100644 --- a/jer/08/06.md +++ b/jer/08/06.md @@ -1,24 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh is speaking about the people of Judah. -* **did not speak right** - "did not say what is right" -* **for his wickedness** - "because of his wickedness" -* **What have I done** - AT: "I have done a terrible thing." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **All of them go where they wish** - "The entire people continues to run." Yahweh compares their eagerness to do evil with running. AT: "All of the people continues to eagerly do the same evil." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like a stallion rushing toward battle** - The people are extremely eager to do evil like a stallion that runs toward a battle because he is very eager to get to the battle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **stallion** - The word "stallion" refers to a male horse. -* **Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes** - "the birds know when they should leave the cold country for the warm country. -* **stork...doves, swifts, and cranes** - All of these are different types of birds which fly to a warm place before their other place gets too cold. -* **go on their migrations** - "go from a cold country to a warm country" +The words "they" and "them" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. + +# paid attention and listened + +These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# did not speak right + +"did not say what is right" + +# for his wickedness + +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be translated using the adjective "wicked." AT: "for being wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# What have I done? + +The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# go where they wish + +"go their own way" + +# like a stallion rushing toward battle + +The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# stallion + +adult male horse + +# Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes + +The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# stork ... doves, swifts, and cranes + +All of these are different types of birds that migrate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# They go on their migrations at the right time, but my people do not know Yahweh's decrees + +The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh's decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They go on their migrations + +The abstract noun "migrations" can be translated using the verb "migrate." AT: "They migrate" or "They fly from one region to another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/08.md b/jer/08/08.md index 18e348c254..c528e6d368 100644 --- a/jer/08/08.md +++ b/jer/08/08.md @@ -1,25 +1,67 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# How can you say, "We are wise, for the law of Yahweh is with us"? -* These are Yahweh's words about the people of Judah. -* **Why do you say, “We are wise! And the law of Yahweh is with us”?** - "Why do you say, we are wise! And we have the law of Yahweh?" AT: "You should not say that you are wise and that you have the law of Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why do you say** - The "you" here refers to the people of Judah. -* **The deceitful pen of the scribes has created deceit** - The pen represents the words that the scribes write. AT: "The false things that the scribes have been writing have given you false ideas about the law of Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The wise men will be ashamed** - "These men who think they are wise will feel ashamed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **They are dismayed and trapped** - "Enemies will defeat them and take them away" -* **so what use is their wisdom?** - AT: "so their so called wisdom does not do them any good." -* **those who will possess them** - "the people who will take control of their land" -* **for from the youngest...all of them practice deceit** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:06:13]]. +Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can you say + +The "you" here refers to the people of Judah. + +# Indeed, see! + +These words tell the hearer to pay close attention to what follows. + +# The deceitful pen of the scribes + +The pen represents the words that the scribes write. AT: "The false things that the scribes write" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has created deceit + +"has given you false ideas" + +# The wise men will be ashamed + +This is irony because the wise men are normally honored for their wisdom. AT: "Those men who think they are wise will feel ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# dismayed + +"terrified" or "shattered" + +# Behold! + +"Pay attention!" + +# so what use is their wisdom? + +This question expects a negative answer and is intended to make the hearers think about how little what they consider wisdom is really worth when they reject Yahweh's word. AT: "so what they think is wise does not do them any good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy for dishonest gain! From the prophet to the priest, all of them practice deceit + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:13](../06/13.md). + +# because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy + +The phrase "from the least to the greatest" shows that all the people of Judah are included in the phrase "all of them," regardless of how important they are. AT: "because all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and everyone else, are greedy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the least + +This refers to the least powerful and least important people. AT: "the least powerful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the greatest + +This refers to the most powerful and most important people. AT: "the greatest people" or "the most powerful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# all of them + +"all of the people of Judah" + +# are greedy for dishonest gain + +The abstract noun "gain" can be expressed with the phrases "get more money" or "get more things." AT: "want to get more money by lying to people" or "strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all of them practice deceit + +"all of them deceive people" or "all of them are liars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/11.md b/jer/08/11.md index 10215b23ce..d1fd63b3b9 100644 --- a/jer/08/11.md +++ b/jer/08/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* These are Yahweh's words about the people of Judah. -* **For they treated the fracture of the daughter of my people...says Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:06:13]]. -* **the leaf will wither** - "the leaf will dry up" -* **and what I have given to them will pass away** - The meaning of the hebrew is uncertain. Possible meanings are 1) "I gave instructions to my people, but my people disobeyed the instructions" or 2) "therefore, I have given these people over to their enemies, so their enemies can trample over them." +The words "they," "their" and "them" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. + +# They healed the wounds of my people lightly + +Possible meanings are 1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. AT: "They act as though my people's problems are not serious, like small wounds" or 2) the wounds represent the people's sin. AT: "They act as though my people's sins are not serious, like small wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They healed the wounds ... lightly + +Here "lightly" represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# "Peace, Peace," when there was no peace + +"'All is well, All is well,' but it was not well" + +# Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? + +God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. AT: "They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they did not know how to blush + +"their faces did not even turn red." When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. + +# they will fall among the fallen + +Here "fall" represents being killed. AT: "they will be killed along with the others who are killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will be brought down when they are punished + +Here "will be brought down" represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will destroy them when I punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the leaf will wither + +"the leaf will dry up" + +# what I have given to them will pass away + +The meaning of the original text is uncertain here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/14.md b/jer/08/14.md index e5c3fac5e5..f8d05bef45 100644 --- a/jer/08/14.md +++ b/jer/08/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Yahweh continues his message by telling us what the people of Judah will say at the time of their punishment. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues his message by telling us what the people of Judah will say at the time of their punishment. -* **Why are we sitting here** - AT: "We should not stay here." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Come together; let us go to the fortified cities** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:04:04]]. -* **fortified cities** - “the cities with high walls and soldiers to defend it” -* **and we will become silent there in death** - AT: "and we will die there." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **For Yahweh our God will silence us** - AT: "because Yahweh our God will put us to death." -* **He will make us drink poison** - “He will make us drink poison” refers to God's judgment. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **but see, there will be** - “but understand, there will be” -* **but there will be nothing good** - "but nothing good will happen" +The words "we," "us" and "our" refer to the people of Judah. + +# Why are we sitting here? + +This question is asked to motivate action. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "We should not stay here." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Come together; let us go to the fortified cities + +The "fortified cities" were cities with high walls and strong defenses. See how you translated the similar phrases in [Jeremiah 4:5](../04/04.md). + +# we will become silent there in death + +Here "become silent" means to die. AT: "let us die there" or "let us wait for our enemies to kill us there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For Yahweh our God will silence us + +Here "silence" is a metaphor for condemning to death. AT: "because Yahweh our God has condemned us to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will make us drink poison + +This is an idiom for Yahweh's judgment on his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# but there will be nothing good + +"but nothing good will happen" + +# but see + +"but understand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/16.md b/jer/08/16.md index d3a9aefc16..4bc049466e 100644 --- a/jer/08/16.md +++ b/jer/08/16.md @@ -1,24 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] +Yahweh continues his message about the punishment coming to Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues his message about the punishment coming to Judah. -* **The snorting of his stallions is heard from Dan** - AT: "People in Dan hear the sound of the enemy army coming to attack Judah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **stallions** - male horses -* **The whole earth shakes** - AT: "The people of the land shake with fear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **at the sound of the neighing of his strong horses** - "when they hear the sound of the enemy's strong horses" -* **neighing** - the sound that a horse makes -* **For they will come** - The word "they" refers to the invading army. -* **and consume the land** - "and destroy the land." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I am sending out snakes among you** - The snakes represent the enemy soldiers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) AT: "I am sending out enemy soldiers to fight you." -* **vipers that you cannot charm** - AT: "vipers that you cannot send away with magic." -* **vipers** - a kind of snake that is poisonous and has large fangs -* **They will bite you** - AT: "They will attack you" or "They will destroy you." -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +The words "his" and "they" in these verses refer to the enemies of Judah. + +# The snorting of his stallions is heard from Dan + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "The people of Dan hear the snorting of his stallions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# snorting + +a loud sound that a horse makes with its nose + +# stallions + +adult male horses + +# The whole earth shakes + +This is an exaggeration that is a metaphor for the people of Judah trembling with fear. AT: "All the people of the land shake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the sound of the neighing of his strong horses + +"when they hear the sound of the enemy's strong horses" + +# neighing + +a sound that a horse makes + +# they will come and consume + +Here the word "consume" means to eat up. It is an idiom for how the enemies come and destroy the land and its inhabitants. AT: "they will come and destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For see + +"Now pay attention" + +# I am sending out snakes among you, vipers that you cannot charm. They will bite you + +The snakes and vipers represent the enemy soldiers, and their bite represents the enemy attacks. AT: "I am sending out enemy soldiers among you, beyond your control. They will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# vipers that you cannot charm + +To charm means to sing or make music in order to control snakes. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/18.md b/jer/08/18.md index ff5aecbd4f..00ac6ad001 100644 --- a/jer/08/18.md +++ b/jer/08/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Jeremiah and Yahweh have a conversation about the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# My sorrow has no end -* Jeremiah and Yahweh have a conversation about the people of Judah. -* **My sorrow has no end** - The word "my" refers to Jeremiah. AT: "I am very sad." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **and my heart is sick** - The word "my" refers to Jeremiah. AT: "I feel sick deep down inside me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **See! The screaming voice of the daughter of my people from a far distant land!** - Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah. Possible meanings are 1) "The people of Judah call out from exile in a far-away land" or 2) "The people of Judah call out from all over the land of Israel." -* **daughter of my people** - Israel as a daughter. (See: Metonymy) -* **Is not Yahweh in Zion** - Jerusalem is referred to as Zion. (See: Metonymy) -* **Is not Yahweh in Zion? Or is not her king in her?** - Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. The two parallel questions show that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. AT: "Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Jerusalem?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Why then would they offend me with their carved figures** - The word "me" refers to Yahweh. AT: "If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me by worshiping their idols." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "my" refers to Jeremiah. The original text is unclear and is interpreted here in different ways by modern versions. + +# has no end + +These words are an exaggeration that express the great extent of Jeremiah's sorrow. AT: "is very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# my heart is sick + +Here "heart" represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. AT: "I feel sick deep down inside me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Behold! + +This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. "Pay attention!" + +# the daughter of my people + +Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). AT: "my dear people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from a land far away + +Possible meanings are 1) From exile. AT: "from exile in a distant land" or 2) From throughout the land of Judah. AT: "throughout our land" + +# Is Yahweh not in Zion? Is her king no longer there? + +These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. AT: "Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why then do they provoke me to anger with their carved figures and their worthless foreign idols? + +The word "me" refers to Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/20.md b/jer/08/20.md index baea85d033..383a1b5a31 100644 --- a/jer/08/20.md +++ b/jer/08/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Jeremiah continues talking about the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jeremiah continues talking about the people of Judah. -* **The harvest has passed on** - "Harvest time is over" -* **but we have not been saved** - Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. The word "we" refers to the people of Judah. AT: "but Yahweh has not saved us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I am hurt because of the hurt of the daughter of my people** - The word "I" refers to Jeremiah. AT: "I feel very upset because the people of Judah are experiencing horrible things." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Is there no medicine in Gilead? Is there no healer there?** - AT: "There is medicine in Gilead! There are doctors in Gilead!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why will the healing of the daughter of my people not happen** - AT: "But my people have spiritual wounds that medicine and doctors cannot heal." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "we" refers to the people of Judah. The words "I" and "my" refer to Jeremiah. + +# The harvest has passed on + +"Harvest time is over" + +# But we have not been saved + +Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But Yahweh has not saved us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I am hurt because of the hurt of the daughter of my people. I mourn at the horrible things that have happened to her; I am dismayed + +These statements express the same idea in more than one way for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Is there no medicine in Gilead? Is there no healer there? Why will the healing of the daughter of my people not happen? + +These questions are asked to make the point that the people of Judah have not been saved. AT: "There is medicine in Gilead, and there are healers there, so tell me why the healing of my dear people will not happen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/intro.md b/jer/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff4cf15800 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Jeremiah 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:5-22, which are extended quotations. + +The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Hyperbole ##### +The author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/01.md b/jer/09/01.md index 5fb289c9f9..cab5af796f 100644 --- a/jer/09/01.md +++ b/jer/09/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Yahweh and Jeremiah continue talking about the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# If only my head could produce water, and my eyes be a fountain of tears -* Yahweh and Jeremiah continue talking about the people of Judah. -* **If only my head could produce water, and my eyes be a fountain of tears** - This is Jeremiah speaking. AT: "I wish I could make more tears!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **day and night** - AT: "all the time." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **the daughter of my people** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:04:11]]. -* **who have been killed ** - AT: "whom the enemy has killed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **If only someone would give me** - This is still Jeremiah speaking. "I wish someone would give me" -* **a place for travelers in the wilderness to stay** - This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight. -* **abandon my people** - "leave my people" -* **a band of traitors** - "a group of people who betray other other people" -* **Yahweh declares** - See you translated this same idea in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **They say false things with their tongues, which are their deceitful bows** - This metaphor compares the tongues of the people of Judah to bows that shoot arrows of lies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **but they are not great in faithfulness on the earth** - AT: "but they are not faithful to Yahweh." -* **They go out from wicked act to another** - "They keep doing lots of evil things" -* **[[:en:bible:questions:comprehension:jer:09|Jeremiah Chapter 09 Comprehension Quofestions]]** - [[:en:bible:questions:comprehension:jer:09]] +This is Jeremiah speaking. These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much Jeremiah is weeping. AT: "I wish I could make more tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# day and night + +By mentioning both "day" and "night" this phrase means all the time. AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the daughter of my people + +Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Here Jeremiah uses this same phrase for the people that Yahweh uses. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). AT: "my people, who are like Yahweh's daughter" or "my dear people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who have been killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the enemy has killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If only someone would give me + +"I wish someone would give me." This is still Jeremiah speaking. + +# a place for travelers in the wilderness to stay + +This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight. + +# abandon my people + +"leave my people" + +# a band of traitors + +"a group of people who betray other people" + +# Yahweh declares + +See how you translated "this is Yahweh's declaration" in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). + +# They tread on their bows of lies with their tongues + +Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. AT: "Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but it is not because of any faithfulness of theirs that they grow strong on the earth + +"They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked" and "This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# They go from one wicked act to another + +Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. AT: "They keep doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/04.md b/jer/09/04.md index 1594172d06..d944ddd735 100644 --- a/jer/09/04.md +++ b/jer/09/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues speaking with Jeremiah about the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Each of you -* Yahweh continues speaking with Jeremiah about the people of Judah. -* **Each of you** - The word "you" refers to the people of Judah. -* **be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother** - "be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother" -* **For every brother is a deceiver and every neighbor walks in slander** - "Do this because your fellow Israelites all deceive people and they all slander people" -* **Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth** - "All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth" -* **Their tongues teach deceitful things** - AT: "They teach things that are not true." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **They are exhausted from committing iniquity** - "They are tired from committing so much sin" -* **You live in the midst of deception** - Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. -* **in their deceit they refuse to acknowledge me** - "By telling all of these lies, the people of Judah refuse to obey me as God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **[[en:bible:questions:comprehension:jer:09|Jeremiah Chapter 09 Comprehension Quofestions]]** - [[en:bible:questions:comprehension:jer:09]] +The word "you" refers to the people of Judah. + +# be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother + +"be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother" + +# every neighbor walks in slander + +Here "walking" is an idiom for living. AT: "every neighbor slanders one another" or "every neighbor is a slanderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth + +"All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth" + +# Their tongues teach deceitful things + +Here people are represented by their "tongues" to emphasize their speech. AT: "They teach deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# They are exhausted from committing iniquity + +"They are tired from committing so much sin" + +# Your dwelling is in the midst of deception + +Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. AT: "Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars" or "You dwell in the midst of liars" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in their deceit + +"By telling all of these lies" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/07.md b/jer/09/07.md index 2b6b40147b..39798df86d 100644 --- a/jer/09/07.md +++ b/jer/09/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# See -* Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Judah. -* **daughter of my people** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:04:11]]. -* **Their tongues are sharpened arrows** - The tongue hurts people with lies in the same way that sharpened arrows hurt people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **With their mouth they proclaim peace with their neighbors** - AT: "They say with their words that they want peace with their neighbors." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but with their hearts they lie in wait for them** - AT: "but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Should I not punish them because of these things?** - "Surely, I should punish them because of these things!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this?** - AT: "Surely, I should avenge myself on a nation that is like this!" +Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to refine them + +Yahweh speaks of testing the people and dealing with their evil ways, as if they were metal that he were melting in a crucible to remove its impurities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for what else can I do, because of what my people have done? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to state that this is how he needs to deal with his people because of what they have done. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "for this is how I must deal with my people because of what they have done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Their tongues are sharpened arrows + +This speaks of people's tongues as if they were sharpened arrows because of how the people hurt others by what they say. Here their speech is represented by their "tongues." AT: "Their words are like sharpened arrows that hurt other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# With their mouths they proclaim peace with their neighbors + +Here people's speech is represented by their "mouths." AT: "They speak, saying that they want peace with their neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but with their hearts they lie in wait for them + +Here a people's desires are represented by their "hearts." This speaks of them wanting to hurt their neighbors as if they were an animal crouching and waiting to attack its prey. AT: "but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Should I not punish them because of these things ... should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will not have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/07.md). AT: "Because they do these things, I will punish them ... I will certainly get revenge for myself against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/10.md b/jer/09/10.md index 9eaa719ddd..eda1f2d4e8 100644 --- a/jer/09/10.md +++ b/jer/09/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. In verse 12, Jeremiah makes a comment. -## translationNotes +# I will sing a song of mourning ... a funeral song will be sung for the meadows -* Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. In v. 12, Jeremiah makes a comment. -* **I will sing a song... for the meadows** - Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **meadows** - "fields where the animals graze" -* **For they are burned** - AT: "Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They will not hear the sound of any cattle** - "Nobody will hear the sound of cattle" -* **a hideout for jackals** - "a place for jackals to hide" -* **jackals** - fierce wild dogs -* **places without inhabitants** - "places where no people live" -* **Who is the wise man that understands this? Why has the land perished?** - AT: "If your prophets are really wise, they should be able to tell you why the land is ruined." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What does Yahweh's mouth proclaim to him so he might report it?** - AT: "If Yahweh really speaks to your prophets, they should be able to tell you what Yahweh says about the destruction of the land." -* **Why has the land perished...there is no one to pass through it** - AT: "But your prophets are not wise and Yahweh does not speak to them, so they do not know why the land is in ruins." +Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a funeral song will be sung + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will sing a funeral song" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# meadows + +"fields where the animals graze" + +# For they are burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will not hear the sound of any cattle + +"Nobody will hear the sound of cattle there" + +# a hideout for jackals + +"a place for jackals to hide." Jackals are fierce wild dogs. + +# places without inhabitants + +"places where no people live" + +# What man is wise enough to understand this? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a very wise person will understand the things he has said. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Only people who are very wise can understand these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# To whom has the mouth of Yahweh spoken, and he will declare it + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only the people he has spoken to can declare these things. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Only those who have been taught by Yahweh can explain these things to others." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the mouth of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh's speech is represented by his "mouth". AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Why has the land perished and been destroyed ... pass through? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed ... pass through." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# has the land perished and been destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. Both "perished" and "been ruined" describe the land being ruined. AT: "is the land ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/13.md b/jer/09/13.md index 3d9498ffef..5bdd2b5ce2 100644 --- a/jer/09/13.md +++ b/jer/09/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# It is because -* Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. -* **It is because they have abandoned** - "The land is destroyed because the people of Judah did not obey" -* **listen to my voice** - AT: "pay attention to the things I tell them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **or walk by it** - AT: "or live the way I tell them to live." -* **they have walked by their stubborn hearts** - AT: "they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live." -* **and have followed the Baals** - "and have worshiped the false gods" +"These things will happen because" + +# they have abandoned my law + +Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. AT: "they have rejected my law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they do not listen to my voice + +Here Yahweh's "voice" represents what he says. AT: "they do not pay attention to the things I tell them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# or walk by it + +Here "walk" is an idiom for "live." AT: "or live the way I tell them to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they have walked by their stubborn hearts + +Here the people's "stubborn hearts" represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here "walked" represents living. AT: "they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have followed the Baals + +"have worshiped the Baals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/15.md b/jer/09/15.md index d9eb1f7d85..24aa704272 100644 --- a/jer/09/15.md +++ b/jer/09/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. -* **wormwood** - a plant that tastes bitter -* **Then I will scatter them among the nations** - "Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries" -* **I will send out a sword after them** - AT: "I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# See + +Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# wormwood + +a plant that tastes bitter + +# Then I will scatter them among the nations + +"Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries" + +# neither they nor their ancestors + +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "that neither they nor their ancestors have known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I will send out a sword after them + +Here the word "sword" refers to an enemy army. AT: "I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have completely destroyed them + +This is a metonym for Yahweh causing the people's enemies to destroy them. AT: "I have caused their enemies to completely destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/17.md b/jer/09/17.md index e42c9ac731..54da1353c8 100644 --- a/jer/09/17.md +++ b/jer/09/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts says this -* Yahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land. -* **Summon funeral singers; let them come. Send out for women skilled at lamenting; let them come** - AT: "Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Summon funeral singers** - "Call women who are professional singers at funerals" -* **let them come** - AT: "tell the women to come." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Send out for women skilled at lamenting** - AT: "Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning." -* **Let them hurry and sing a mournful song over us** - Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. AT: "Tell the women to hurry and sing a song to mourn for us." -* **so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water** - AT: "so we will cry very hard." +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Summon funeral singers; let them come ... Send out for women skilled at lamenting; let them come + +These two phrases have the same meaning. They emphasize that they are to call funeral singers to come. AT: "Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Summon funeral singers + +"Call women who are professional singers at funerals" + +# let them come + +This is an idiom. AT: "tell the women to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Send out for women skilled at lamenting + +The phrase "send out for" is an idiom. AT: "Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let them hurry and sing a mournful song ... and our eyelids flow with water + +Here Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. The words "us" and "our" refer to the people of Judah and does not include Yahweh. This may be written instead as a command from Yahweh to the people. AT: "Tell them to hurry and sing a song to mourn for you, so your eyes may run with tears and your eyelids flow with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water + +This describes the people crying a lot. AT: "so we will cry very hard with tears flowing from our eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/19.md b/jer/09/19.md index 00ba50727d..4fce36bfab 100644 --- a/jer/09/19.md +++ b/jer/09/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land. -## translationNotes +# For the sound of wailing is heard in Zion -* These are Yahweh's words about the people of Judah. -* **For the sound of wailing is heard in Zion** - AT: "People are crying loudly in Jerusalem." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **How we are devastated** - Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. AT: "We are very upset." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses** - "Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel" -* **that come from his mouth** - AT: "that Yahweh says." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Then teach your daughters a mourning song, and each neighbor woman a funeral song** - AT: "Then teach other people how to mourn." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This refers to the people of Zion wailing loudly and can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Zion are crying loudly, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# How we are devastated + +Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. AT: "We are very upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses + +"Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel" + +# hear Yahweh's word; pay attention to the messages that come from his mouth + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command to listen to what Yahweh says. In the second phrase Yahweh's "mouth" is a metonym for himself. AT: "listen to what Yahweh says. Pay attention to his words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# each neighbor woman a funeral song + +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "teach each neighbor woman a funeral song" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/21.md b/jer/09/21.md index 2f70c6847f..4ce9704b78 100644 --- a/jer/09/21.md +++ b/jer/09/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] +Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land. -## translationNotes +# For death has come through our windows ... young men in the city squares -* These are Yahweh's words about the people of Judah. -* **For death has come through our windows** - Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land. The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **palaces** - fancy houses where kings live. Death will come to rich and poor alike. -* **It destroys children from outside** - AT: "Death is killing children in the streets." -* **and young men in the the city squares** - AT: "and death is killing young men in the city squares." -* **city squares** - marketplaces -* **Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **the corpses of men will fall like dung...like grain stalks after the reapers** - AT: "dead bodies will fall all over the place." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **corpses of men will fall like dung in the fields** - AT: "dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal poop drops all over the fields." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and like grain stalks after the reapers** - AT: "and like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down." -* **and there will be no one to gather them** - "and there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies" +The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside and attacks people in the palaces, streets, and city squares. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# palaces + +fancy houses where kings live. Death will come to rich and poor alike. + +# city squares + +marketplaces + +# This is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "This is what Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the corpses of men will fall like dung ... like grain stalks after the reapers + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the large number dead bodies. AT: "dead bodies will fall all over the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# corpses of men will fall like dung in the fields + +This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to dung that falls in the fields. AT: "dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal dung falls all over the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like grain stalks after the reapers + +This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to cut stalks of grain. AT: "like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# there will be no one to gather them + +"there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/23.md b/jer/09/23.md index fbe7f66941..13af463d7c 100644 --- a/jer/09/23.md +++ b/jer/09/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +These are the words of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Do not let the wise man take pride in his wisdom -* These are the words of Yahweh. -* **Do not let the wise man take pride in his wisdom** - "A wise man should not be proud because he is wise" -* **Do not let the wealthy man take pride in his riches** - "A rich man should not be proud because he is rich" -* **that he has insight and knows me** - "that he understands who I am and lives in a way that is pleasing to me" -* **For I am Yahweh** - AT: "Because people should understand that I am Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **For it is in these that I take pleasure** - "And it is pleasing to me when people act with covenant loyalty, justice and righteousness" -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +"A wise man should not be proud because he is wise" + +# or the warrior in his might + +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "or let the warrior take pride in his might" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Do not let the wealthy man take pride in his riches + +"A rich man should not be proud because he is rich" + +# has insight and knows me + +"understands who I am and knows me." Both of these phrases have similar meanings. They emphasize people knowing who Yahweh is and understanding who he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For I am Yahweh + +This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. AT: "Because people should understand that I am Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For it is in these that I take pleasure + +The word "these" refers to covenant loyalty, justice, and righteousness. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/25.md b/jer/09/25.md index b4c0f9ec4a..df6b9e7fde 100644 --- a/jer/09/25.md +++ b/jer/09/25.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +These are the words of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# See -* These are the words of Yahweh. -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **when I will punish all the circumcised who are such only in their body** - This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into a covenant with Yahweh by getting circumcised physically. However, they have not followed His laws. -* **and all the people who cut the hair on their heads** - AT: This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **For all these nations are uncircumcised** - AT: "Because these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision." -* **and all the house of Israel has an uncircumcised heart** - An uncircumcised heart represents the character of a person that does not obey Yahweh's laws. AT: "and all the people of Israel have not kept the covenant with Yahweh by obeying him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" or "Indeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# days are coming + +This is an idiom. AT: "there will be a time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# all the circumcised who are such only in their body + +This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into Yahweh's covenant by getting circumcised physically, but who have not changed their inner beings by following his laws. AT: "all those people who have changed their bodies by circumcising them but who have not changed their inner beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the people who cut the hair on their heads very short + +This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as "all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness." + +# For all these nations are uncircumcised + +The word "nations" refers to the people who live in these places. Foreigners being uncircumcised was a sign that they were not in Yahweh's covenant. AT: "For the people of these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the house of Israel has an uncircumcised heart + +The "heart" represents a person's will and desires. An "uncircumcised heart" represents the character of a person that does not follow Yahweh and his laws. Also, the "house" of Israel refers to the people of Israel. AT: "all the people of Israel are only circumcised on the outside and have not changed their hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/intro.md b/jer/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2be8015e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 9:1-12, 17-24, which are extended quotations. + +The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Funeral ##### +This chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness. + +##### Circumcision ##### +Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don't. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/01.md b/jer/10/01.md index 860d74e47a..719482aaac 100644 --- a/jer/10/01.md +++ b/jer/10/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah, as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people, that they will be punished. -## translationNotes +# Hear the word -* Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people that they will be punished. -* **Do not learn the ways of the nations** - Do not follow what the heathen nations are believing" -* **dismayed** - "worried" or "frightened" -* **by the signs in the heavens** - "by strange things in the sky" -* **for the nations are dismayed by these** - "for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Hear the message" + +# house of Israel + +Here the "house" of Israel represents the people of Israel. AT: "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not learn the ways of the nations + +"Do not act like the other nations act" + +# dismayed + +"worried" or "upset" + +# by the signs in the heavens + +"by strange things in the sky" + +# for the nations are dismayed by these + +Here "the nations" refer to the people who live in them. This can be written in active form. AT: "for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/03.md b/jer/10/03.md index 14283135b7..a7bc00130b 100644 --- a/jer/10/03.md +++ b/jer/10/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:ax|ax]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:worthy|worthy, worth, unworthy, worthless]] +Yahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky. -## translationNotes +# craftsman -* Yahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky. -* **craftsman** - a man skilled in his work -* **scarecrow** - a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops (See: [[: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **cucumber** - a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contained much water +a man skilled in his work + +# What they make with their hands is like scarecrows + +A scarecrow is a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops. Here Yahweh compares the idols to scarecrows because they are not capable of doing anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# cucumber + +a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contains much water + +# they have to be carried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people have to carry them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/06.md b/jer/10/06.md index ad0f863759..616693ebf1 100644 --- a/jer/10/06.md +++ b/jer/10/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:royal|royal]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Jeremiah has just been talking about idol worship. -## translationNotes +# your name is great in power -* Jeremiah has just been talking about idol worship. -* **Who does not fear you, king of the nations?** - Jeremiah does not expect an answer to this question. It is more like a statement. AT: "Everyone should fear you, king of the nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **what you deserve ** - "what you have earned" +Here Yahweh's "name" refers to himself and his reputation. AT: "you are very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Who does not fear you, king of the nations? + +Jeremiah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that everyone should fear Yahweh. Here he refers to Yahweh as "king of the nations." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Everyone should fear you, king of the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what you deserve + +"what you have earned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/08.md b/jer/10/08.md index 6a50a1cbc8..24cd424242 100644 --- a/jer/10/08.md +++ b/jer/10/08.md @@ -1,30 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# They are all the same, they are brutish and stupid, disciples -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:disciple|disciple]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:endure|endure, endurance]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish|Tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +The words "brutish" and "stupid" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for worshiping idols. AT: "They are all very stupid, they are disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# disciples of idols that are nothing but wood -* **They are all the same: they are brutish and stupid** - "they are all foolish" -* **disciples of idols that are nothing but wood.** - "they try to learn from an idol which is just a piece of wood" -* **artificers** - "skilled craftsmen" -* **Tarshish ... Uphaz** - places where silver and gold are minded -* **gold from Uphaz made by artificers the hands of refiners** - "gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Their clothes are blue and purple cloth** - "The people dress the idol in beautiful clothes" -* **quakes** - "shakes" +"they try to learn from an idol which is only a piece of wood" + +# Tarshish ... Uphaz + +places where silver and gold are mined (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# gold from Uphaz made by artificers, the hands of refiners + +This can be stated in active form. Also, the refiners are represented here by their "hands" because they do their work with their hands. AT: "gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# artificers + +"skilled craftsmen" + +# refiners + +"goldsmiths" + +# Their clothes are blue and purple cloth + +"The people dress the idols in blue and purple cloth" + +# The earth quakes at his anger + +This speaks of the earth shaking as an emotional response to Yahweh's anger, when actually Yahweh causes the earth to quake. AT: "The earth quakes when he is angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# quakes + +"shakes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/11.md b/jer/10/11.md index bc80b2d861..431aabdc96 100644 --- a/jer/10/11.md +++ b/jer/10/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +God is speaking to Jeremiah. -## translationNotes +# You will speak to them like this -* God is speaking to Jeremiah. -* **The maker of earth in his power established dry land in his wisdom and spread the heavens in his understanding.** - AT: "The Creator is strong and wise. He made the earth and sky." -* **His voice makes the roar of waters in the heavens** - AT: "He controls the storms in the sky by speaking" -* **and he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth** - AT: "He makes clouds everywhere on earth." -* **storehouse** - a building where things are kept +The word "you" refers to the Israelites and the word "them" refers to the people of the other nations. + +# will perish from the earth + +This speaks of the idols disappearing and losing their significance as if they were dying. This emphasizes their lack of power. AT: "will disappear from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stretched out the heavens + +This speaks of Yahweh creating the sky as if it were a large sheet that he stretched out. AT: "created the heavens" or "created the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His voice makes the roar of waters in the heavens + +Here Yahweh is represented by his "voice" to emphasize his speech. The phrase "the roar of waters" refers to loud storms. AT: "His voice causes the storms in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth + +This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase "the ends of the earth" refers to all of the earth. AT: "he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sends out wind from his storehouse + +This speaks of Yahweh causing the wind to blow as if the wind were kept in a storehouse and brought out when he desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# storehouse + +a building where things are kept \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/14.md b/jer/10/14.md index ba7d5f767e..d96c208993 100644 --- a/jer/10/14.md +++ b/jer/10/14.md @@ -1,32 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# has become ignorant -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule, insult]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +"is lacking knowledge" or "does not know" -## translationNotes +# Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols -* **has become ignorant** - "is lacking knowledge" or "does not know" -* **the portion of Jacob** - "whom the people of Isreal worship" -* **the molder of all things** - "the creator of all things" or "the one who created all things" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Every metalworker's idols put him to shame" or "As for every metalworker, his idols shame him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will perish at the time of their punishment + +This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. AT: "there will be a time when God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the portion of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents the people of Israel. God being their "portion" is an idiom that means that they worship him. AT: "the portion of Israel" or "whom the people of Israel worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the molder of all things + +"the creator of all things" or "the one who created all things" + +# Israel is the tribe of his inheritance + +This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. AT: "The tribe of Israel belongs to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/17.md b/jer/10/17.md index ab4b07d25a..b0a4ff9347 100644 --- a/jer/10/17.md +++ b/jer/10/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Gather your bundle -* [[en:tw:siege]] +"Gather your belongings" -## translationNotes +# who have been living under the siege -* **Gather your bundle** - "Gather your belongings" -* **See** - The word "See" is to emphasize the following statement. -* **I am about to throw the inhabitants of the land out this time** - AT: "I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land." -* **inhabitants of the land** - "people who live in the land" -* **distress** - "great pain or suffering" +"whose city has been surrounded by your enemies' army" or "who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it" + +# See + +Yahweh uses this word here to draw the peoples' attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am about to throw the inhabitants of the land out this time + +Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people to leave the land as if they were objects that he were throwing out of a container. AT: "I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# inhabitants of the land + +"people who live in the land" + +# distress + +great pain or suffering \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/19.md b/jer/10/19.md index ff2aae9df5..b4a9a138bc 100644 --- a/jer/10/19.md +++ b/jer/10/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] +Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Woe to me! Because of my broken bones, my wound is infected -* Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Woe to me! Because of my broken bones, my wound is infected** - AT: "We are in deep trouble like a person whose bones are broken and infected." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **My tent is devastated, and all of my tent cords are cut in two** - The enemy has completely destroyed my city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They have taken** - "the enemies have taken" -* **There is no longer anyone to spread out my tent or to raise up my tent curtains** - AT: There is no one to rebuild our city." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Jeremiah speaks of the peoples' distress as if they were physically wounded by broken bones and infection. AT: "Woe to us! It is as though we have broken bones and an infected wound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but I must bear it + +Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. AT: "but we must bear it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# My tent is devastated, and all of my tent cords are cut in two + +Here Jeremiah speaks of the enemy having destroyed their city as if their tent had been destroyed. AT: "It is as though our great tent is destroyed; the ropes that held it up have been cut" or "The enemy has completely destroyed our city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My tent is devastated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My enemy has devastated my tent" or "Our enemy has destroyed our tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They have taken my children away from me + +Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. AT: "Our enemies have taken our children away from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# so they no longer exist + +The children no longer existing is a metaphor for the parents never seeing them again. AT: "and it is like they no longer exist" or "and they will never return again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is no longer anyone to spread out my tent or to raise up my tent curtains + +Here Jeremiah speaks of them not having descendants to rebuild their city as if their city were a tent that needs to be rebuilt. AT: "There is no one to rebuild our city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/21.md b/jer/10/21.md index 35d4ecbf25..2f03a4058c 100644 --- a/jer/10/21.md +++ b/jer/10/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For the shepherds are stupid ... all their flock has been scattered -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +Here the leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were flocks of sheep. AT: "For the shepherds of our people are stupid ... all the people of their flock have been scattered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# all their flock has been scattered -* **are scattered** - "are separated and went in different directions" -* **jackals** - a type of wild dogs found in Africa +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and their enemies have scattered all their flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# See! It is coming, a great earthquake is coming + +Here the marching enemy armies are spoken of as if they were an earthquake. The word "See!" is used here as an idiom to draw the listener's attention to what is said next. AT: "Look! The enemy army is coming, they sound like a great earthquake as they are marching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# jackals + +a type of fierce wild dog \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/23.md b/jer/10/23.md index e202bb983a..83bd0a43a3 100644 --- a/jer/10/23.md +++ b/jer/10/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:consume|consume]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:discipline|discipline]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] +Jeremiah prays for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# that the way of a man does not come from himself. No person walking directs his own steps -* **Pour your fury on the nations** - AT: "Punish the people of the nations severely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **devoured Jacob and consumed him ** - "devour" and "consume" are two words with the same meaning used to emphasize or intensify the idea expressed by these two words.(See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) AT: "they are completely destroying us people of Israel" (UDB) -* **destroy him and demolish his habitation** - "destroy" and "demolish" are two words with the same meaning used to emphasize or intensify the idea expressed by these two words.(See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) AT: "destroy all our cities and villages" +These two phrases mean the same thing. This means that no one has control over the various things that will happen to him during his life. AT: "that no person controls what will happen to him; no one is able to direct the events that he will experience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Pour your fury on the nations + +Here "the nations" refer to the people who live in them. AT: "In your fury, punish the nations" or "In your anger, punish the nations of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that do not call on your name + +This is an idiom. AT: "that do not worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For they have devoured Jacob and consumed him so as to completely destroy him + +These three phrases have the same meaning. Jeremiah repeats this idea three times to emphasize the utter destruction of Israel. This speaks of the enemy armies attacking the people of Israel as if the armies were a fierce animal attacking and devouring its prey. AT: "For they have fiercely attacked the people of Israel and consumed them so as to completely destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# demolish his habitation + +"demolish their homes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/intro.md b/jer/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2341308066 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Jeremiah 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:1-25, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +This chapter contrasts the great power of Yahweh with the powerlessness of any other false god. It is intended to question why the Jews would worship any other god. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/01.md b/jer/11/01.md index fb9ed2feaa..81cf6072bf 100644 --- a/jer/11/01.md +++ b/jer/11/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said," or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the inhabitants of Jerusalem -* **the inhabitants of Jerusalem** - "the people who live in Jerusalem" +"the people who live in Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/03.md b/jer/11/03.md index c439405949..512bf315f3 100644 --- a/jer/11/03.md +++ b/jer/11/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Cursed is anyone -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:furnace]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will curse anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# from the land of Egypt, from the furnace for smelting iron -* **smelting** - heating iron to liquid form -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - This means that the land will be rich and productive, so there will be enough food for everyone. AT: "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I answered** - Jeremiah answered +This speaks of the horrible circumstances and oppression the Israelites were living in in Egypt by comparing them to a smelting furnace. AT: "of Egypt. What happened to them in Egypt was terrible; it was as though they were living in a hot furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# smelting + +heating iron to liquid form + +# Listen to my voice + +The word "voice" here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and "listen" is a metonym for "obey." AT: "Obey what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the land flowing with milk and honey + +"the land where milk and honey flow." God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. AT: "the land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/06.md b/jer/11/06.md index e54f8a05d8..b76228edf8 100644 --- a/jer/11/06.md +++ b/jer/11/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# solemn -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +"serious" -## translationNotes +# the words of this covenant -* **solemnly** - "seriously" -* **Each person has been walking in the stubbornness of his wicked heart.** - "Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do" +"the terms of this covenant" + +# carry them out + +This is an idiom. AT: "obey them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Listen to my voice + +The word "voice" here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and "listen" is a metonym for "obey." AT: "Obey what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Each person has been walking in the stubbornness of his wicked heart. + +Here "walking" is an idiom for the way a person lives. The word "heart" is a metonym for a person's desires and emotions. AT: "Each person has refused to change and has been living by his own wicked desires" or "Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So I brought all the curses in this covenant that I commanded to come against them + +"So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/09.md b/jer/11/09.md index 0788042bd4..ef51b2037c 100644 --- a/jer/11/09.md +++ b/jer/11/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# A conspiracy has been discovered -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There is a conspiracy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# conspiracy -* **conspiracy** - a secret plan to do something that is harmful or illegal -* **the inhabitants of Jerusalem** - "the people who live in Jerusalem" +a secret plan to do something that is harmful or illegal + +# the inhabitants of Jerusalem + +"the people who live in Jerusalem" + +# They have turned to the iniquities of their earliest ancestors + +The phrase "turned to" is an idiom that means to start doing something. AT: "They have returned to committing the same iniquities as their earliest ancestors committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# walked after + +"followed after" + +# The house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "The kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/11.md b/jer/11/11.md index 3960d5ded7..a9521fb723 100644 --- a/jer/11/11.md +++ b/jer/11/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# The cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem -* **See** - AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +Here the "cities of Judah" represents the people who live in them. AT: "The people who live in the cities of Judah and in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but they will certainly not be saved by them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but their gods will certainly not save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to equal + +"to as many as" + +# her streets + +"the streets in Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/14.md b/jer/11/14.md index a3ce257200..fc70cdf9ee 100644 --- a/jer/11/14.md +++ b/jer/11/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not wail -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +"You must not make a loud cry of sadness" -## translationNotes +# Why is my beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, in my house? -* **So you ... on their behalf** - Translate this the same way you translated "And you ... on their behalf" in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:07:16]]. -* **wail** - "make a loud cry of sadness" -* **on their behalf** - “for them" -* **intentions** - "plans" -* **reserved** - "set aside" or "saved" -* **lit a fire on it** - lit a fire on the tree +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the people Judah no longer have a right to be in his temple. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "My beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, should not be in my house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# is my beloved one, the one who has had + +The people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a single woman greatly beloved. AT: "are the people whom I love, those who have had" or "are the people of Judah whom I love, who have had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In the past Yahweh called you a leafy olive tree + +In the Old Testament people were often compared to trees or plants. Those who were prosperous and healthy were spoken of as leafy, fruitful tree. AT: "In the past Yahweh said that you were like a leafy olive tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will light a fire on it + +This expression continues the metaphor of the tree. The fire stands for the destruction of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that will sound like the roar of a storm + +This compares the sound of the raging fire to the sound of a severe storm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# its branches will be broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will break off your branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/17.md b/jer/11/17.md index 4e25aa5206..36a0b80074 100644 --- a/jer/11/17.md +++ b/jer/11/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who planted you -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +This speaks of Yahweh placing the people of Israel and Judah in the places where they live as if they were a tree that Yahweh had planted. AT: "who planted you like a farmer plants a tree" or "the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# has decreed disaster against you -* **the one who planted you** - AT: "the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah" +"has decreed that disaster will come upon you" + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/18.md b/jer/11/18.md index 273f65073a..e5b5e5107b 100644 --- a/jer/11/18.md +++ b/jer/11/18.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh made me know these things, so I know them -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"You have revealed things to me and so I know them." The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. -## translationNotes +# made me see their deeds -* **being led to a butcher** - AT: "that my enemies were leading to a butcher" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his name will be no longer remembered** - AT: "People will no longer remember his name" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. This is spoken of here as if Jeremiah has already see their actions. AT: "have revealed to me their evil plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was like a gentle lamb being led to a butcher + +This speaks of Jeremiah being unaware of his enemies' plans to kill him by comparing him to a lamb who is being led to be slaughtered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# being led to a butcher + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that my enemies were leading to a butcher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let us destroy the tree with its fruit + +Here Jeremiah's enemies speak of killing him as if he were a fruit tree that they were planning to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us cut him off from the land of the living + +The phrase "cut him off" means to destroy him. Also, "the living" refers to living people. AT: "Let us kill him so he is no longer in the land of those who are alive" or "Let us destroy him so that he is no longer among the world of living people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his name will be no longer remembered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will no longer remember his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the heart and the mind + +The heart is a metonym for what a person feels and desires and "the mind" is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides. AT: "a person's feelings and thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will witness your vengeance + +The word "vengeance" here can be expressed as a verb. AT: "I will watch you take revenge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/21.md b/jer/11/21.md index 4288c0cdb8..fabca38012 100644 --- a/jer/11/21.md +++ b/jer/11/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Anathoth -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is the name of a special city where priests live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# seeking your life -* **Anathoth** - a special city for priests to live in (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **vigorous young men** - men at the strongest time of their lives -* **None of them will be left** - AT: "I will leave none of them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. AT: "wanting to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They say + +"They say to me." The men are speaking to Jeremiah. + +# you will die by our hand + +Here the men refer to their "hand" to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. AT: "we ourselves will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# See + +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# vigorous young men + +men at the strongest time of their lives + +# will die by the sword + +Here the "sword" represents battle. AT: "will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# None of them will be left + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will leave none of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a year of their punishment + +The word "year" here is a idiom that describes a specific period of time that Yahweh decides. AT: "in the time of their punishment" or "for the time of their punishment is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/intro.md b/jer/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..35ff719c70 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Jeremiah 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 11:15-17,20-21, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The covenant ##### + +The covenant Yahweh made with Moses is prominent in this chapter. Because the people disobeyed this covenant, God will not help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/01.md b/jer/12/01.md index 62bfa1c73c..fd05afdcd3 100644 --- a/jer/12/01.md +++ b/jer/12/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# the wicked -* Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh. -* **far away from their hearts** - "they do not love or respect you" +This refers to wicked people. AT: "wicked people" or "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# You planted them and they took root. They continue to produce fruit + +Here Jeremiah speaks of the wicked as if they were fruit trees. AT: "They are like fruit trees that you planted, that you allow to prosper and to produce lots of fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You are near to them in their mouths, but far away from their hearts + +Here "mouths" represents what a person says. And, "hearts" represents what a person thinks or feels. Also, being loyal is spoken of as if it were being near a person, and being disloyal is spoken of as if it were being far away from a person. AT: "They always say good things about you, but they do not love or respect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/03.md b/jer/12/03.md index 309aad327b..3082dab9f3 100644 --- a/jer/12/03.md +++ b/jer/12/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# my heart -* Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh. -* **Take them away like sheep to the slaughter** - AT: "Prepare to punish those wicked people" -* **How long will the land go on mourning... because of the wickedness of its inhabitants?** - AT: "The draught cause by the wickedness of the people has lasted too long." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Beasts and bird have been taken away** - The wild animals and birds have died from the draught. -* **wither** - "dry up" -* **"God does not know what will happen to us." ** - AT: "God does not see the sins we do." +Here the "heart" represents a person's thoughts and true feelings. AT: "my thoughts" or "my inner feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Take them away like sheep to the slaughter + +Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. AT: "Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter" or "Prepare to punish those wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the day of slaughter + +"the day they will be destroyed" + +# How long will the land go on drying up ... because of the wickedness of its inhabitants? + +Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples' wickedness. + +# wither + +"dry up" + +# The animals and the birds have been taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The animals and the birds are gone" or "The animals and the birds have all died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God will not see what happens to us + +Possible meanings are 1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or 2) God is unaware of their sin. AT: "God does not see the sinful things that we do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/05.md b/jer/12/05.md index c1bd27439e..0c8e21eed3 100644 --- a/jer/12/05.md +++ b/jer/12/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# how can you compete against horses? -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "you will never compete well against horses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# If you fall down -* **thickets** - many bushes or small trees growing close together +This refers to while the person is running. AT: "If you fall down while running" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the safe countryside + +This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move. + +# how will you do in the thickets along the Jordan? + +This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the thickets along the Jordan. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "you will surely not be able to run in the thickets along the Jordan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# thickets + +many bushes or small trees growing close together + +# denounced + +to have accused someone publicly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/07.md b/jer/12/07.md index 8f854a9a67..1a25461671 100644 --- a/jer/12/07.md +++ b/jer/12/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance. I have given my beloved into the hands of her enemies. -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:prey]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance -* **I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance. I have given my own beloved people into her enemies' hands.** - These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. (See” Parallelism) AT: "I have allowed my people's enemies to conquer them." -* **hyena** - a type of dog from Asia and Africa that eats the flesh of dead animals -* **birds of prey** - birds that attack and eat animals +The two phrases are metaphors in which Yahweh speaks of his people as if they were his "house" and his "inheritance." AT: "I have abandoned my Israelite people, the people whom I chose to belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into the hands of her enemies + +Here the word "hands" represents control. AT: "to be conquered by her enemies" or "over to the control of her enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of her ... she sets herself ... with her ... hate her + +Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using feminine pronouns. AT: "of their ... they set themselves ... with their ... hate them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# she sets herself against me with her own voice + +This continues to speaks of Yahweh's people as a lion. This speaks of the people showing they are against him as if they were roaring at him. AT: "it is like she roars at me to defy me" + +# Has not my prized possession become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that his people are surrounded by their enemies. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "My prized possession has become a speckled bird and other birds of prey go against her all around." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Has not my prized possession + +Here Yahweh speaks of his people as his "prized possession." AT: "Have not my people, who are my prized possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around + +Here Yahweh speaks of his people being in danger and surrounded by their enemies as if they were a speckled bird surrounded by birds of prey. AT: "become like a speckled bird, and her enemies are like birds of prey attacking her on all sides" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a speckled bird + +"a strange looking bird." This refers to a bird that was often picked on and eaten by other birds. + +# birds of prey + +birds that attack and eat animals + +# Go and gather all the wild beasts and bring them to devour her + +Yahweh speaks here in the form of a command to strengthen what he says. This command is not directed to a specific person and may be written as a statement. AT: "Let all the wild beasts in the fields come and eat her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/10.md b/jer/12/10.md index 5282893fbb..63bc9e7709 100644 --- a/jer/12/10.md +++ b/jer/12/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Here Yahweh speaks of his land and his people being destroyed by armies as if they were a vineyard that shepherds had destroyed. AT: "My people and my land are like a vineyard that many shepherds have destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Many shepherds have destroyed -* **They have stomped all over** - "they have crushed under their foot" or "they have destroyed" -* **my portion of land** - "the ground I planted" -* **They have made her** - The word "her" refers to the Promised Land (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **she is desolate** - The word "she" refers to the Promised Land -* **takes it to heart** - "cares" or "pays any attention" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the word "shepherds" refers to their sheep. AT: "Many shepherds have allowed their sheep to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They have stomped all over + +"They have crushed under their feet" + +# my portion of land + +"the ground I planted" or "my field" + +# All the land has been made desolate + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "All the land is desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# takes it to heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "cares" or "pays any attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/12.md b/jer/12/12.md index 2eebee91bc..affcb74563 100644 --- a/jer/12/12.md +++ b/jer/12/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Destroyers -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:destroyer]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Destroying armies" -## translationNotes +# bare -* **bare** - "not covered" or "empty" -* **Yahweh's sword is devouring** - Yahweh is using these armies to punish his people (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **From one end of the land to the other** - This refers to all of the Promised Land (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **They have** - "My people have" -* **thorn** - a sharp, pointed growth on plants -* **bush** - a plant that is like a tree but smaller -* **exhausted** - "worn out" or "tired" +"uncovered" or "empty" + +# for Yahweh's sword is devouring + +Here Yahweh speaks of the armies that he is using to punish his people as being his "sword." His"sword" is described here as if it were a large animal that attacked and devoured the people. AT: "for the armies are my sword that I am using to punish you" or "for I am sending the destroying armies to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from one end of the land to the other + +This refers to the whole land that belongs to his people. + +# They have sown wheat but harvest thornbushes + +"They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes" + +# They have + +"My people have" + +# thornbushes + +a large plant that is covered in sharp points + +# exhausted + +"worn out" or "tired" + +# So be ashamed of your gain because of Yahweh's anger + +"So be ashamed of your tiny harvest because Yahweh is angry with you." Here the word "gain" does not mean a large amount of something, but refers to a small amount. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/14.md b/jer/12/14.md index 3831b4fb09..d9527bdd3f 100644 --- a/jer/12/14.md +++ b/jer/12/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# strike at the possession -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +"have been trying to take away the land" -## translationNotes +# made my people Israel inherit -* **strike at** - attack and capture -* **made my people Israel inherit** - AT: "gave my people Israel as an inheritance" -* **uproot** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:09]]. -* **pull up the house of Judah from among them** - allow the people of Judah to leave their enemies' lands and return to Judah -* **pull up** - or "uproot" -* **I uproot those nations** - AT: "I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places" +"gave my people Israel as an inheritance" + +# See + +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# to uproot them from their own ground + +God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. See how you translated this concept in [Jeremiah 1:10](../01/09.md). AT: "to make them leave their own land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will pull up the house of Judah from among them + +Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people of Judah to leave the lands of the other nations as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. AT: "I will cause the house of Judah to leave their lands as well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pull up + +"uproot" + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I uproot those nations + +God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. AT: "I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/16.md b/jer/12/16.md index 8a4dfbf2a6..326a8b862c 100644 --- a/jer/12/16.md +++ b/jer/12/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] +God's word about Judah's neighbors. -## translationNotes +# It will come about that -* God's word about Judah's neighbors. -* **It will come about that if ... Baal, then they** - AT: "This is what will happen ... Baal: they" or "If ... Baal, then this is what will happen: they" -* **midst** - middle -* **they will be built up in the midst of my people** - AT: "I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I will uproot that nation. It will certainly be uprooted and destroyed** - "I will certainly and completely exile and destroy that nation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **This is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +"It will happen that" + +# As Yahweh lives + +"As surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Swearing in Yahweh's name instead of in Baal's name indicates that they worship Yahweh instead of Baal. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they will be built up in the midst of my people + +This speaks of the people becoming prosperous as if they were a building that was being built. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will build them up in the midst of my people" or "I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# midst + +middle + +# I will uproot that nation. It will certainly be uprooted and destroyed + +God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land and destroying their nation as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. These two sentences have the same meaning and may be combined. AT: "I will certainly and completely exile and destroy that nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# It will certainly be uprooted and destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will certainly uproot and destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/intro.md b/jer/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b77ecc6693 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:1-13, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper ##### + +Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper. He questions Yahweh's justice. Yahweh's response: if Jeremiah is upset by the people of Anathoth, how will he face enemies in Jerusalem? (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +##### Yahweh's grace to the other nations ##### + +Yahweh gives a gracious offer to the Gentile nations. If the other nations who have been against Judah leave their idols and worship God, then God will allow them to return to their lands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/01.md b/jer/13/01.md index b51f3c4932..0dafbfdbad 100644 --- a/jer/13/01.md +++ b/jer/13/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# linen -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates|Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +a type of very fine cloth -## translationNotes +# undergarment -* **linen** - a type of very fine cloth -* **undergarment** - clothing that people wear under their clothes; underwear -* **waist** - the middle part of the body, usually the narrowest, between the hips and chest -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **rock crevice** - a space between rocks or a crack in a rock, big enough to put something into it +clothing that people wear under their clothes; underwear + +# waist + +the middle part of the body, usually the narrowest, between the hips and chest + +# do not put it in water first + +"do not wash it or get it wet" + +# the word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying, + +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this second message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# rock crevice + +a space between rocks or a crack in a rock, big enough to put something into it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/06.md b/jer/13/06.md index 650cfa1804..935056cc40 100644 --- a/jer/13/06.md +++ b/jer/13/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# behold! -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# The undergarment was destroyed; it was no good at all -* **undergarment** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/jer:13:01]] -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that the undergarment was destroyed. AT: "The undergarment was spoiled and useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/08.md b/jer/13/08.md index 8abb14fd39..1b8ab172fc 100644 --- a/jer/13/08.md +++ b/jer/13/08.md @@ -1,40 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# arrogance -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **arrogance** - "pride" -* **of Judah and Jerusalem** - "people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who walk in the hardness of their heart** - "who are continously stubborn" -* **all the house of** - "all the people of" -* **cling to me** - "stay close to me" -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +"pride" + +# of Judah and Jerusalem + +Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. AT: "of the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to listen to my word + +"to obey what I say" + +# who walk in the hardness of their heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "who are stubborn and only do the things they desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# clings to ... cling to me + +"sticks to ... stick to me" or "stays close to ... stay close to me" + +# all the house of ... all the house of + +"all the people of ... all the people of" + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/12.md b/jer/13/12.md index 523612ff1b..9349c7055f 100644 --- a/jer/13/12.md +++ b/jer/13/12.md @@ -1,32 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Every jar will be filled with wine ... every jar will be filled with wine -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:drunk|drunk]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Every wineskin should be full of wine ... every wineskin should be full of wine" or "Every wine jar should be full of wine ... every wine jar should be full of wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# See -* **fill with drunkenness every inhabitant of this land** - AT: "cause all the people of this land to be drunk" -* **the kings who sit on David's throne** - "the kings of the nation of Judah" -* **smash each man against the other, fathers and children together** - AT: "each person will fight the other; even parents and children will fight against each other" -* **I will not pity** - "I will not feel sorry for" -* **will not spare them from destruction** - AT: "will not withhold punishment" or "will allow them to be destroyed" or "will allow them to face destruction" +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# fill with drunkenness every inhabitant of this land + +"cause all the people of this land to be drunk" + +# the kings who sit on David's throne + +Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as "David's throne." AT: "the kings who sit on Judah's throne" or "the kings of the nation of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# smash each man against the other, fathers and children together + +Here the words "each man" refer to both men and women. AT: "Then I will cause the people to fight with each other, even parents and children will fight one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# fathers and children together + +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "I will smash fathers and children together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will not pity + +"I will not feel sorry for" + +# will not spare them from destruction + +"will not withhold punishment from them." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will allow them to be destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/15.md b/jer/13/15.md index 4d6a0826f0..d479bf71a2 100644 --- a/jer/13/15.md +++ b/jer/13/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# arrogant -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] +"proud" -## translationNotes +# he brings darkness -* **Do not be arrogant** - "Do not feel that your are better, smarter, or more important than others" -* **he brings darkness** - "he causes darkness to come" Darkness symbolizes deep trouble and despair. AT: "He brings big troubles" -* **before he causes your feet to stumble** - AT: "before he causes you to hit your foot on something while walking or running so that you fall" -* **he will turn the place into a deep darkness** - "he will cause the place to be completely dark" AT: "he will cause you to despair" +"he causes darkness to come." Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were "darkness." AT: "he brings trouble and despair" or "he cause great troubles to come" + +# before he causes your feet to stumble + +Here a person is referred to by his "feet" to emphasize that he is walking. AT: "before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# twilight + +early morning or evening when it is partially dark, when the sun is beginning to rise or when the sun is almost set + +# For you are hoping for light, but he will turn the place into a deep darkness, into a dark cloud + +This speaks of goodness and blessings as "light" and of trouble and despair as "darkness." AT: "For you were hoping for light and blessings, but Yahweh will give you darkness and great despair--you will feel like you are surrounded by a dark cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for Yahweh's flock has been taken captive + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for enemies have captured Yahweh's flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for Yahweh's flock has been taken captive + +Here Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh's people as Yahweh's "flock" because he cares for them like a shepherd cares for his sheep. This event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. AT: "for you who are Yahweh's flock, your enemies will soon capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/18.md b/jer/13/18.md index 54117b6f32..8a3d4e16a2 100644 --- a/jer/13/18.md +++ b/jer/13/18.md @@ -1,28 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:crown|crown, to crown]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:exile|exile, the Exile]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:negev|Negev]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:queen|queen]] +Yahweh is continuing to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king's mother. -## translationNotes +# queen mother -* Yahweh is continuing to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king's mother. -* **for the crowns on your head, your pride and glory, have fallen off** - "You will no longer be king and queen mother" (See symbolic action) -* **queen mother** - the mother of the king. -* **The cities in the Negev will be shut up** - "Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Judah will be taken captive** - "The enemies will take Judah captive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +the mother of the king + +# for the crowns on your head, your pride and glory, have fallen off + +A king and queen mother wear crowns to represent their royal positions as the king and queen mother. Also, this event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. AT: "for you will no longer be the king and queen mother, for your crowns, your pride and glory, will fall off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# The cities in the Negev will be shut up, with no one to open them + +This means that the cities will be surrounded by their enemies, who will not allow anyone to go in or come out of the cities. AT: "The cities in the Negev will be shut up, and no one will be able to go into them or come out of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The cities in the Negev will be shut up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All Judah will be taken captive, completely taken captive + +Here "Judah" represents the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemies will take all of the people of Judah captive into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/20.md b/jer/13/20.md index b19fe32f27..87526743f6 100644 --- a/jer/13/20.md +++ b/jer/13/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] +Yahweh is talking to the people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Lift up your eyes and look at the ones coming from the north -* Yahweh is talking to the people of Jerusalem. -* **Lift up your eyes** - "understand what will be happening to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Where is the flock he gave to you, the flock that was so beautiful to you?** - "All the people have been taken away." [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What will you say when God places over you those whom you had taught to be your friends?** - AT: "The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are these not the beginnings of the labor pains that will seize you just like a woman in childbirth?** - Yahweh is telling them that their capture is just the beginning of the pain they will go through. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the word "look" is an idiom that means to pay attention and be aware of what is happening. Also, "Lift up your eyes" represents looking at something. AT: "Pay attention and be aware of the ones coming from the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the ones coming from the north + +This refers an enemy army that will come from the north. AT: "the enemy army coming from the north" or "the enemy army marching from the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Where is the flock he gave to you, the flock that was so beautiful to you? + +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that the people of Judah will be captured by the enemy armies. This question is asked as if the people of Judah had already been captured even though this has not yet happened. The question can be written as a statement and in future tense. AT: "I gave you the people of Judah to care for, like a beautiful flock of sheep, but the enemy army will capture them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# the flock + +This speaks of the people of Judah as a "flock" of sheep to emphasize that the leaders of Judah were supposed to care for them and look after them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What will you say when God sets over you those you had trained to be your special allies? + +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the people who Judah's leaders thought they were at peace with will conquer them. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are these not the beginnings of the labor pains that will seize you just like a woman in childbirth? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to tell the people that their capture is just the beginning of the suffering they will go through. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "These things that you will suffer are like the beginning of the labor pains of a woman in childbirth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/22.md b/jer/13/22.md index c1377ad80f..1b82007ea7 100644 --- a/jer/13/22.md +++ b/jer/13/22.md @@ -1,26 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:chaff|chaff]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:cush|Cush]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Yahweh continues to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king's mother. -## translationNotes +# that your skirts are raised up and you have been violated -* Yahweh continues to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king's mother. -* **skirts are raised up** - AT: "soldiers of the invading armies will raise up the skirts of your women". The Judean women's clothes will be torn off so the Babylonian soldiers can seize them and sleep with them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Can the people of Cush change their skin color** - AT: "The people of Cush cannot change their skin color" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a leopard change its spots** - AT: "A leopard cannot change its spots" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **If so, then you yourself, although accustomed to wickedness, would be able to do good.** - AT: "You cannot do good because of your wickedness." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **scatter them like chaff that perishes in the desert wind** - Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This means that the enemy soldiers will rape the Judean women. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the enemy soldiers will lift up the skirts of your women and rape them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Can the people of Cush change their skin color, or a leopard change its spots? + +This rhetorical question is used to state an example of something that is impossible. This question can be written as a statement. Also, the understood verb "can" maybe be supplied in the second phrase. AT: "The people of Cush cannot change their skin color and a leopard cannot change its spots." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# If so, then you yourself, although accustomed to wickedness, would be able to do good + +This statement is ironic because the examples about the Cushite and the leopard are impossible situations. This states that if those impossible things could happen then they could do good. AT: "Just like these things are impossible, so it is also impossible for you who always do evil to do good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# I will scatter them like chaff that perishes in the desert wind + +"I will scatter them like chaff that is blown away by the wind." Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world just as chaff is scattered by the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/25.md b/jer/13/25.md index cc15144525..3a75bfb68e 100644 --- a/jer/13/25.md +++ b/jer/13/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This is what I have given to you, the portion I have decreed for you -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Both of these phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that these are the things that Yahweh has decided will happen to the people of Judah. AT: "This is what I am making happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **This is what I have given to you, the portion I have decreed for you** - AT: "This is what I am making happen to you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **I myself will strip your skirts off you, and your private parts will be seen.** - AT: "I will expose your wickedness." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **neighing** - "lusting" -* **How long will this continue?** - How long will it be before you are clean again (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I myself will strip your skirts off you, and your private parts will be seen. + +This means that Yahweh will make them feel ashamed. It does not in any way mean that he will rape them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is as though I myself will strip your skirts off of you so that everyone will see your private parts and you will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# neighing + +This is the sound of a male horse desiring a female horse. AT: "lusting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/intro.md b/jer/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c22638236 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Jeremiah 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:15-27, which is an extended quotation. + +===Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter === + +##### Symbolism ##### + +The action of hiding the undergarment was intended to be a symbolic event. It was supposed to get the Jews' attention and be a lesson for them to learn. Jeremiah performed the action, but it was not the action itself that was important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/01.md b/jer/14/01.md index 0a8f3935b1..c80d95bca9 100644 --- a/jer/14/01.md +++ b/jer/14/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just talked about the adultery of the people. -## translationNotes +# This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah -* Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just talked about the adultery of the people. -* **the word of Yahweh that came to** - AT: "the message that God gave to" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **fall apart** - "fall into pieces" -* **their cries for Jerusalem are going up** - "They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem". +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Let Judah mourn + +Here "Judah" represents the people who live there. AT: "Let the people of Judah mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let her gates fall apart + +Here the word "gates," which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah's cities, and Judah's cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. AT: "let her cities fall apart" or "let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fall apart + +"fall into pieces" + +# their cries for Jerusalem are going up + +The phrase "going up" is an idiom. AT: "They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Their mighty ones + +"The rich people" + +# ashamed and dishonored + +Both of these words have similar meaning and together emphasize that the servants were ashamed that they were unable to get water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they cover their heads + +In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/04.md b/jer/14/04.md index 3b89d44f4f..fa95133362 100644 --- a/jer/14/04.md +++ b/jer/14/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought. -## translationNotes +# The plowmen are ashamed and cover their heads -* Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought. -* **the doe leaves her young in the fields and abandons them, ** - AT: "the deer leaves her young in the field" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **jackals** - fierce, wild dogs +In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the doe leaves her young in the fields and abandons them + +These two phrase have the same meaning and emphasize that the doe leaves her young deer because she cannot provide for them. A doe is a female deer. AT: "the deer leaves her young in the field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# for there is no grass + +This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. AT: "for there is no grass for them to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they pant in the wind like jackals + +This speaks of the donkeys panting because they are thirsty by saying that they pant like jackals. Jackals are fiece wild dog which pant a lot. AT: "they pant in the wind like thirsty jackals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Their eyes fail to work, for there is no vegetation + +"They become blind because there is no grass to eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/07.md b/jer/14/07.md index 86ed39f2b6..7dbda60538 100644 --- a/jer/14/07.md +++ b/jer/14/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just told the people about the drought. -## translationNotes +# our iniquities testify against us -* Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just told the people about the drought. -* **for the sake of your name** - "in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises. " (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Hope of Israel** - This is another name for Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the one who saves him** - "the savior" or "the one who rescues him" -* **why will you be like…like a warrior who is not able to rescue anyone?** - The word "like" here means "similar to." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]). -* **confused** - unable to understand or to think clearly -* * +Here their "iniquities" are spoken of as if they were people who testified against them about their wrong doing. AT: "our iniquities give evidence of our wrongdoing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# for the sake of your name + +Here Yahweh's "name" refers to his reputation. AT: "for the sake of your reputation" or "in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hope of Israel + +This is another name for Yahweh. AT: "You are the hope of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# why will you be like a stranger in the land ... Why are you like someone who is astounded + +These two question have similar meanings. They both ask if Yahweh is unconcerned with his people and unable to help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer ... just one night + +This question speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unconcerned with helping his people as if he were a stranger just travelling though a place unconcerned with those living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# who stretches out and spends just one night + +Both of the phrase have the same meaning and may be combined. AT: "who stays for only one night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Why are you like someone who is astounded, or like a warrior who has no power to rescue + +This speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unable to help his people as if he were a confused warrior who was unable to rescue anyone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# astounded + +unable to understand or to think clearly + +# your name is called over us + +This can be stated in active form. This speaks of the people being Yahweh's people by saying that his name is over them. AT: "we bear your name" or "we are your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/10.md b/jer/14/10.md index b293e903e1..5e9183d404 100644 --- a/jer/14/10.md +++ b/jer/14/10.md @@ -1,37 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:fast|fast]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +Jeremiah has been praying and asking Yahweh not to leave them alone. -## translationNotes +# they love to wander -* Jeremiah has been praying and asking Yahweh not to leave them alone. -* **they love to wander** - "they love to act in a way that is against God's will" -* **calls to mind** - "remembers" or "recalls" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **on behalf of** - "to assist" or "to help" -* **wailing** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/jer:14:01]] +"they love to wander away from me." This speaks of people being unfaithful to Yahweh and not obey him as if they had wandered from the place where he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have not held back their feet + +Here the people are referred to by their "feet" to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. AT: "have not kept themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# calls to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "remembers" or "recalls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on behalf of + +"to assist" or "to help" + +# wailing + +loudly crying because of sorrow + +# I will put an end to them + +This is a euphemism. AT: "I will cause them to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# by sword + +Here war is represented by the "sword" which was the common weapon used in battle. AT: "by war" or "by battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/13.md b/jer/14/13.md index 527da97b73..38fdccb8e8 100644 --- a/jer/14/13.md +++ b/jer/14/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Yahweh has just told Jeremiah not to pray for the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# You will not see the sword -* Yahweh has just told Jeremiah not to pray for the people of Judah. -* **true security** - "real safety" or "certain safety" +Here "sword" represents war, and to "see" represents experiencing. AT: "You will not experience any war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will give you true security + +Here "security" is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could give to another person. AT: "I will allow you to live securely" or "I will allow you to live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prophesy deceit + +The word "deceit" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "prophesy deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in my name + +This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I did not send them out + +This means that Yahweh did not send them out with messages to give to the people. AT: "I did not send them to prophesy to other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# coming from their own minds + +Here "minds" are spoken of as if they were a place instead of the ability to think of ideas. AT: "that they think up themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/15.md b/jer/14/15.md index 4c5c77ff9d..e2316b9fa3 100644 --- a/jer/14/15.md +++ b/jer/14/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Jeremiah has just been talking to Yahweh about the things the false prophets have been prophesying. -## translationNotes +# in my name -* Jeremiah has just been talking to Yahweh about the things the false prophets have been prophesying. -* **there will be no sword** - "there will be no war" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will pour out their wickedness on them** - "I will punish them the way the deserve to be punished". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] ) +This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:14](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there will be no sword ... and sword + +Here the "sword" represents war. AT: "there will be no war ... and war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then the people to whom they prophesied will be thrown out in the streets of Jerusalem because of famine and sword + +This can be stated in active form. This means that whole families will die and people will throw their bodies into the streets instead of burying them. AT: "Then the people to whom they prophesied will die by famine and sword and people will throw their bodies into the streets of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their wives, their sons, or their daughters + +This describes who is referred to by the word "them," that is, everyone who died by famine and sword. + +# I will pour out their wickedness on them + +Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people in accordance to their wicknedness as if their own wickedness were a liquid that he would pour upon them. AT: "I will punish them like they deserve to be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/17.md b/jer/14/17.md index 032204e873..a78b84a207 100644 --- a/jer/14/17.md +++ b/jer/14/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# night and day -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Here two opposite times of the day are given to mean all the time. AT: "all the time, both night and day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# of the virgin daughter of my people -* **incurable wound** - a cut or break in skin that cannot be cured -* **wander** - move around without purpose +Here Yahweh speaks of his people being precious and dear to him as if they were his virgin daughter. AT: "of my people whom I cherish as a virgin daughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# incurable wound + +a cut or break in skin that cannot be cured + +# who were killed by the sword + +This can be stated in active form. Also, here the "sword" represents war. AT: "who died by the sword" or "who died in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there are the diseases that are caused by famine + +Here the "diseases" represent the people who have these diseases because of their starvation. AT: "there are the ones who are sick because of famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wander + +move around without purpose + +# they do not know + +It may be helpful to state what they do not know. AT: "they do not know what they are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/19.md b/jer/14/19.md index 1963f5d9d4..5445ecb64c 100644 --- a/jer/14/19.md +++ b/jer/14/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# for a time of healing -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "we hoped for a time of healing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# We admit, Yahweh, our offenses, the iniquity of our ancestors -* There are no notes for this chunk +"Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors' iniquity" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/21.md b/jer/14/21.md index 88b091504c..085e3ff02e 100644 --- a/jer/14/21.md +++ b/jer/14/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Jeremiah continues his prayer to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# For the sake of your name -* Jeremiah continues his prayer to Yahweh. +Here Yahweh's "name" refers to his reputation. AT: "For the sake of your reputation" or "In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your glorious throne + +Yahweh's "throne" is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His "throne" also represents the place where he rules as king. AT: "do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is" or "do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# can make the heavens give the spring rain + +"can cause rain to fall from the sky" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/intro.md b/jer/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..54d39dd296 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Jeremiah 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:1-10, 17-22, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### False prophets ##### + +The false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/01.md b/jer/15/01.md index 88afb96555..3aedd619a9 100644 --- a/jer/15/01.md +++ b/jer/15/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:destiny|destiny, destine, destined]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:samuel|Samuel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Jeremiah has just been praying to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# were standing in front of me, I would still not be in favor of this people -* Jeremiah has just been praying to Yahweh. -* **Send them out from before me, for them to go away** - "Send them away from me! Let them go forth!" He repeats this idea for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Those destined for death** - AT: "The people whom God said must die" or "the ones certain to die" +This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. AT: "were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Send them out from before me, for them to go away + +Yahweh repeats this idea of sending away his people to add emphasis to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# should go to death + +This speaks of dying as if death were a place that people can go to. AT: "should die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those destined for the sword should go to the sword + +Here the "sword" represents war. To be "destined for the sword" means to be destined to die in war. AT: "those destined to die in wars, should go to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Those destined for famine should go to famine + +This means that these people are destined to die because of famine. This speaks of dying by famine as if "famine" were a place that people can go to. AT: "Those destined to die by famine should go and die by famine" or "Those destined to die by famine should go and do so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# should go to captivity + +"should go into captivity" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/03.md b/jer/15/03.md index 92fce20564..ef57bc9cad 100644 --- a/jer/15/03.md +++ b/jer/15/03.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:consume|consume]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah|Hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] +Yahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives. -## translationNotes +# For I will assign them to four groups -* Yahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives. -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **I will make of them a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth, on account of Manasseh son of Hezekiah, king of Judah, because of what he did in Jerusalem** - AT: "And I will make them a frightful thing to all the kingdoms of the earth because of what Manasseh the son of Hezekiah, king of Judah, did in Jerusalem." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **I will assign them to four groups ** - AT: "I will appoint four groups over them" +This means that Yahweh will send four groups to work together to get rid of the people. AT: "For I will send four groups to get rid of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the sword + +Here the "sword" refers to the enemy soldiers. AT: "the enemy soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will make of them + +Here the word "them" refers to the people of Judah, not to the four groups listed in the previous verse. + +# because of what Manasseh ... did in Jerusalem + +Manasseh was a very wicked king who did many evil things in Jerusalem. AT: "because of the wicked things that Manasseh ... did in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/05.md b/jer/15/05.md index ff187e908d..9610fdd955 100644 --- a/jer/15/05.md +++ b/jer/15/05.md @@ -1,24 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] -* [[en:tw:winnow|winnow, sift]] +Yahweh has just told them he will assign them to four groups to kill them—the sword, dogs, birds, and beasts. -## translationNotes +# For who will have compassion for you, Jerusalem? Who will grieve for you? Who will turn to ask about your welfare? -* the sword, dogs, birds, and beasts. -* **For who will have compassion for you, Jerusalem? Who will grieve for you? Who will turn to ask about your welfare?** - AT: "No one should have compassion on you, the people who live in Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction. No one should ask why you became such a miserable people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **pitchfork** - a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing. -* **bereave them** - "I will even cause your children to be killed. " (UDB) -* * +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one should mourn for Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one should have compassion on you, Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction. No one should ask about your well-being." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# for you, Jerusalem + +Here "Jerusalem" refers to the people who live there. AT: "for you people who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have forsaken me ... you have gone back from me + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people have, indeed, forsaken Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# gone back from me + +"left me" or "gone away from me" + +# I will strike you with my hand + +Here "hand" represents power. AT: "I will use my power to strike you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land + +Here Yahweh speaks of scattering the people and causing them to leave Jersalem as if they were winnowed chaff being blown away on the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pitchfork + +a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing + +# I will bereave them + +"I will cause their children to die" or "I will let their enemies kill their children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/08.md b/jer/15/08.md index 4202dfafc8..8ba4337399 100644 --- a/jer/15/08.md +++ b/jer/15/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] +Yahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways. -## translationNotes +# widows -* Yahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways. -* **widows** - women whose husbands have died -* **more than the sands of the seashore** - AT: "more than you can count" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **fall on them** - "happen to them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* * +women whose husbands have died + +# more than the sands of the seashore + +"than the grains of sand on the seashore." This comparison is an exaggeration used to emphasize an uncountable number. AT: "more than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Against the mothers of young men I will send the destroyer at noonday + +This means that Yahweh will send an enemy army to kill young men, which will cause their mothers great sorrow. AT: "At noonday I will send an enemy army to destroy young men and cause their mothers to weep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fall on them + +This is an idiom. AT: "happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# She will be ashamed and embarrassed + +The words "ashamed" and "embarrassed" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. AT: "She will be completely ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# will waste away + +This is an idiom. AT: "will grow faint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Her sun will set while it is still day + +This speaks of a woman becoming sorrowful because her children have died, as if her life were a day in which the sun had set early and turned to darkness. Here the darkness represents her sorrow. AT: "Because of her sorrow, it will be as though the sun has set and her day has turned to darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will give those who remain to the sword in the presence of their enemies + +Here the "sword" represents the enemy soldiers. This means that Yahweh will allow the enemy solider to kill any of her children that remain. AT: "I will allow the enemy soldiers to kill those of her children that remain alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/10.md b/jer/15/10.md index 529a8c99f7..833d2472bc 100644 --- a/jer/15/10.md +++ b/jer/15/10.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronz]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] +In these verse, Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh about his suffering, and Yahweh answers him. -## translationNotes +# Woe to me, my mother -* Yahweh has just announced his punishment for Israel. -* **Woe to me, my mother** - Jeremiah pretends to speak to his mother as a way to emphasize how sad he is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **controversy and argument ** - The words "controversy" and "argument" mean basically the same thing. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **lent ** - to give a loan to someone -* **Will I not rescue you for good? ** - The implicit answer to this question is "yes". AT: "I will certainly rescue you for good!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **your enemies** - Those are the enemies of Jeremiah who disagreed with his prophecies. -* **calamity and distress** - The words "calamity" and "distress" should be understood as basically similar. The idea is repeated to emphasize how bad things will get. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Can one smash iron?** - The implied answer is "no". Also, the iron represents the firmness of God's judgment. AT: "My judgment cannot be broken, just like iron cannot be smashed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Especially iron from the north that is mixed with bronze?** - This second question makes the first even stronger, and uses extra strong iron in the metaphor. AT: "Even more, my judgment is like super strong iron" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Jeremiah pretends to speak to his mother as a way to emphasize how sad he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# a man of controversy and argument + +The words "controversy" and "argument" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how much Jeremiah is arguing. AT: "a man with whom everyone argues all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I have not lent, nor has anyone lent to me + +This refers to lending money to people. Often lending money causes people to fight with one another. AT: "I have not lent money to anyone, nor has anyone lent money to me" or "I have not made anyone angry by lending or borrow money and then quarreling about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Will I not rescue you for good? + +The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is "yes." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I will certainly rescue you for good!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your enemies + +Those are the enemies of Jeremiah who disagreed with his prophecies. + +# in the time of calamity and distress + +Here the words "calamity" and "distress" mean basically the same thing. They emphasize the amount or intensity of the calamity. AT: "in the time of great calamity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Can one smash iron? Especially iron from the north that is mixed with bronze? + +In these questions Yahweh speaks of the strength of Judah's enemies as if they were iron mixed with bronze. These rhetorical questions can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can smash iron, especially if it is as strong as the iron from the north that is mixed with bronze." or "But Judah's enemies, who are as strong as iron or bronze, will attack Judah from the north, no one will be able to stop them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/13.md b/jer/15/13.md index 519d66f7f8..5507643fe4 100644 --- a/jer/15/13.md +++ b/jer/15/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +In these verse, Yahweh speaks to the nation of Israel as if it were one person. -## translationNotes +# wealth and treasures -* **your enemies your wealth ... your sins ... your borders** - The word "your" is singular, possible references are 1) Jeremiah or 2) the country of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **wealth and treasures** - The words "wealth" and "treasures" mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **plunder** - things that you steal from a city after conquering it -* **a land that you do not know** - AT: "a land that you have never lived in" -* **for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you** - The judgment of God is compared to a fire that destroys. AT: "for a fire, started because of my wrath against you, will burn everything down" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The words "wealth" and "treasures" mean the same thing and refer to anything that people consider to be valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# plunder + +things that you steal from a city after conquering it + +# all your sins committed + +This can be written in active form. AT: "all of the sins you have committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# within all your borders + +"throughout your country" + +# a land that you do not know + +"to a land that is strange to you" + +# for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you + +The wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a destructive fire. AT: "I will destroy you because I am very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you + +Here Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were a fire. AT: "for my wrath is like a fire that I will kindle against you" or "for I will come against you in my wrath, and my wrath will be like a burning fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# kindled + +to light a fire \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/15.md b/jer/15/15.md index 408049999e..82b12d1ec7 100644 --- a/jer/15/15.md +++ b/jer/15/15.md @@ -1,30 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# You are patient, but do not allow them to take me away -* Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh. -* **Call me to mind** - AT: "Remember me" or "Consider me and my situation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my pursuers** - "Those who search after me to harm me.". -* **In your patience do not take me away.** - AT: "Please do not continue to be patient with them and do not allow me to die now." -* **Your words have been found** - AT: "I have heard your message." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and I consumed them** - "and I understood your message" -* **your name is proclaimed on me** - "people identified me as one who belongs to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Jeremiah is asking Yahweh not to be patient with the sins of his enemies. The phrase "take me away" refers to him being killed. AT: "Please do not continue to be patient with them and allow them to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Your words have been found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have heard your message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I consumed them + +Jeremiah speaks of listening and understanding Yahweh's message as if it were food that he ate. AT: "I understood your message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the delight of my heart + +Here the "heart" represents a person emotions and feelings. AT: "what I love most" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I bear your name + +"people know that I serve you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/17.md b/jer/15/17.md index c2c28a6e8c..cb7b603f87 100644 --- a/jer/15/17.md +++ b/jer/15/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I did not sit in the circle of -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +This is an idiom. AT: "I did not spend time with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# of your powerful hand -* **I did not sit in the circle of** - AT: "I did not spend time with" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Why is my pain ongoing and my wound incurable, refusing to be healed? ** - AT: "My pain is ongoing and my wound incurable. I cannot be healed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will you be like deceitful waters to me, waters that dry up?** - AT: "Your promises to me are like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here Yahweh's "powerful hand" refers to his control and influence over Jeremiah. AT: "you powerfully influence me" or "you are the one who controls what I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why is my pain ongoing and my wound incurable, refusing to be healed? + +Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his pain. He speaks of his pain as if it were a physical wound. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "My pain is ongoing, it is like a wound that will not heal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# refusing to be healed + +This speaks of Jeremiah's wound as if it were a person that refuses to be healed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that will not heal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Will you be like deceitful waters to me, waters that dry up? + +Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he feels like he cannot depend on Yahweh. He speaks of this as if Yahweh were a stream that dries up. AT: "It feels like you are undependable to me, like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/19.md b/jer/15/19.md index 7094eed9a9..c00f0d6fb6 100644 --- a/jer/15/19.md +++ b/jer/15/19.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# you will be like my mouth -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:repent|repent, repentance]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Jeremiah is compared to the mouth of Yahweh because he will be used to speak Yahweh's message. AT: "you will speak for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# you yourself -* * -* **you will be like my mouth** - Jeremiah is compared to the mouth of Yahweh because he will be used to speak Yahweh's message. AT: "you will speak for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **You yourself ** - The pronoun, “yourself”, is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **like an impenetrable bronze wall to this people** - Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] -* **they will wage war against you. But they will not defeat you** - AT: "They will fight against you, but they will not defeat you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **save and rescue** - The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing are are used together to emphasize the safety that God promises. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **rescue you from … and redeem you from …** - These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize the safety that God provides. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **tyrant** - a ruler who demands absolute obedience and is not friendly for the people under his rule +The pronoun, "yourself", is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# like an impenetrable bronze wall to this people + +Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. AT: "I will make you strong, like a bronze wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they will wage war against you + +This speaks of the people fighting with Jeremiah as if he were an army that they waged war against. AT: "they will fight against you" or "they will oppose you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# save and rescue + +The words "save" and "rescue" mean the same thing and emphasize the safety that God promises. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# rescue you from ... and redeem you from + +These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize the safety that God provides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the hand of the wicked ... the hand of the tyrant + +Here the word "hand" represents control. AT: "the control of the wicked ... the control of the tyrant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people. AT: "wicked people" or "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# tyrant + +a ruler who demands absolute obedience and is not friendly for the people under his rule \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/intro.md b/jer/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8a8991553f --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Jeremiah 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 15:2-21, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Do not pray for the people ##### + +God told Jeremiah not to pray for the people because God was punishing them. This was meant to be an illustration for Jeremiah. Jeremiah was not to pray because the punishment was already determined. Yahweh also explains that even the great Moses could not help the sinful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Yahweh uses Gentile nations ##### +Yahweh is going to use the Gentile nations to punish Judah. This would have been very offensive to the Jews. They would have also been surprised to learn that Yahweh was using the Gentile nations to punish his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/01.md b/jer/16/01.md index 8fbb3b72e1..5cddfdb2a4 100644 --- a/jer/16/01.md +++ b/jer/16/01.md @@ -1,30 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beast|beast]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:bury|bury, buried]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:dung|dung]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# They will die diseased deaths -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **They will be like dung on the ground** - The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung because they will not be buried after they die. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **For they will come to an end** - This is a mild way to say that they will die. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **by sword** - The word "sword" refers to an enemy army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"They will die from deadly diseases" + +# They will not be mourned or buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will mourn for them or bury them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be like dung on the ground + +The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 8:2](../08/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they will come to an end by sword and famine + +The phrase "come to an end" is a mild way to say that they will die. The word "sword" represents an army whose soldiers fight with swords. The phrase represents dying in battle. AT: "they will die in battle or from famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/05.md b/jer/16/05.md index 35e9381c39..208abcf90c 100644 --- a/jer/16/05.md +++ b/jer/16/05.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:bury|bury, buried]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# where there is mourning -* **I have gathered up my peace, covenant faithfulness, and acts of tender mercy** - Yahweh gather different ways he has blessed the people of Israel to mean he will not bless the people of Israel anymore. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **the great and the small** - This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. Either great importance or small importance. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **nor will anyone mourn for them. No one will cut themselves or shave their heads for them** - These two [sentences/phrases] have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) AT: "No one will mourn for them in any way." -* **cut themselves or shave their heads for them** - These are customs the people used to show they were very sad. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The word "mourning" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "where people are mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I have taken away my peace from this people ... and my steadfast love and mercy + +Yahweh speaks of no longer acting towards the people with peace, steadfast love, and mercy as if these were items that he has taken away from them. AT: "I will no longer act towards them with peace ... or with steadfast love and mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Both the great and the small + +This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. AT: "Both the important and the unimportant" or "Many people, regardless of how important they are," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# They will not be buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will bury them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no one will ... cut themselves or shave their heads for them + +Cutting oneself and shaving one's head were symbolic actions that expressed strong grief, especially when a loved one died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/07.md b/jer/16/07.md index 20dcbc2ab4..2da51a331e 100644 --- a/jer/16/07.md +++ b/jer/16/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# No one must share any food in mourning to comfort them because of the deaths ... none must give a comforting cup to his father or his mother -* [[en:tw:banquet]] -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +These two clauses have a similar meaning. God said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative had died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# none must give a comforting cup -* **No one must share any food in mourning to comfort them because of the deaths ... none must give a comforting cup to his father or his mother** - These two sentences have a similar meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative has died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. AT: "Do not comfort people when their relative dies" -* **Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:07:03]]. -* **See** - AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **before your eyes** - Here the word "your" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. AT: "in front of you" or "where you can see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **in your days** - AT: "during your lifetime" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **voices of the groom and bride** - This refers to people celebrating at weddings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **groom** - The groom is the man getting married. +Here the word "cup" represents the drink that the cup holds. AT: "none must give a comforting drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a banquet house + +"a house where people are feasting" + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# See + +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# before your eyes + +Here the word "your" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The idiom means that Yahweh will do this where they can see. AT: "in front of you" or "where you can see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in your days + +This idiom means during their lifetime. AT: "during your lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the sound of joy and the sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/33.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/10.md b/jer/16/10.md index d58252f84c..0e174f11c1 100644 --- a/jer/16/10.md +++ b/jer/16/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# worshiped and bowed down to them -* **iniquity and sin** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **worshiped and bowed down** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The words "bowed down to" mean basically the same thing as "worshiped" and describe the posture that people used in worship. God said essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/12.md b/jer/16/12.md index a8089c55be..f88b1aed42 100644 --- a/jer/16/12.md +++ b/jer/16/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# see -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## translationNotes +# walking by the stubbornness of his wicked heart -* **see** - The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **the stubbornness of his wicked heart** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:11:06]]. -* **who listens to me** - "who does what I tell him to do" -* **throw you from this land** - "force you to leave this land" -* **by day and night** - AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Yahweh speaks of a person's actions as if the person were walking along a path. Here the word "heart" represents the mind or will. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 11:8](../11/06.md). AT: "stubbornly doing the wicked things that he wants to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who listens to me + +"who does what I tell him to do" + +# throw you from this land + +Yahweh speaks of forcefully removing the people from the land as if he were throwing them from the land. AT: "force you to leave this land and go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by day and night + +The mention of both "day" and "night" means all the time. AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/14.md b/jer/16/14.md index 23ac878df6..715c3d8ef1 100644 --- a/jer/16/14.md +++ b/jer/16/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **see!** - The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **when it will no longer be said** - AT: "when people will no longer say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **As Yahweh lives** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:12:16]]. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# when it will no longer be said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when people will no longer say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# As Yahweh lives + +"As surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/16.md b/jer/16/16.md index 9fd58515f5..4d17138dd3 100644 --- a/jer/16/16.md +++ b/jer/16/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# I will send for many fishermen ... so they will fish the people out -* [[en:tw:fisherman]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were fishermen who are catching fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **many fishermen...many hunters** - Yahweh compares the people who will take the Israelites into captivity to people who are skilled at trapping their prey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my eye is on all their ways** - AT: "I am watching everything they do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they cannot be hidden from before me** - Here the word "they" may refer either to the people or to their actions. AT: "I see all that they do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyes** - AT: "I see all their sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **iniquity and sin** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **their filling my inheritance with their disgusting idols** - This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase and is used for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **my inheritance** - This refers to the land of Israel. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will send for many hunters so they will hunt for them among + +Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were hunters who are hunting animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my eye is on all their ways + +Here the word "eye" represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. AT: "I am watching everything they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they cannot be hidden from before me + +Here the word "they" may refer either to the people or to their actions. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they cannot hide from me" or "they cannot hide their ways from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyes + +Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh who sees. This can be stated in active form. AT: "They cannot conceal their iniquity from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for their polluting of my land + +Yahweh speaks of causing the land to be unacceptable to him as if the people had polluted the land. The words "their polluting" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because they have polluted my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for their filling my inheritance with their disgusting idols + +The idiom "to fill" means that they have placed many idols in the land. The words "their filling" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because they have filled my inheritance with their disgusting idols" or "because their disgusting idols are everywhere in my inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my inheritance + +Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were his inheritance that he has claimed as a permanent possession. AT: "the land that is my inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/19.md b/jer/16/19.md index e2af546ef2..918ef1f596 100644 --- a/jer/16/19.md +++ b/jer/16/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh, you are my stronghold -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# my stronghold and my refuge, my place of safety -* **Yahweh, you are my stronghold** - Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh. -* **my stronghold and my refuge, my place of safety** - Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the ends of the earth** - AT: "everywhere on earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **our ancestors inherited deceit** - Here the word "deceit" refers to false gods. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **They are empty; there is no profit in them** - Here the words "They" and "them" refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught us to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Do people make gods for themselves?** - Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. AT: "People can not make gods for themselves." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Therefore see!** - Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word “see” adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Therefore, indeed,” -* **I will cause them to know** - Here the word "them" refers to the people from the nations. Yahweh repeats this phrase for emphasis. -* **my hand and my power** - Here the word "hand" refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **they will know that Yahweh is my name** - Here the word "name" refers to Yahweh's entire person. AT: "the will know that I am Yahweh, the true God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# The nations will go to you + +Here the word "nations" represents the people from the nations. AT: "The people from the nations will go to you" or "The people of the nations will come to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# the ends of the earth + +This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. AT: "the farthest places on the earth" or "everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# our ancestors inherited deceit + +Here the word "deceit" refers to false gods. AT: "our ancestors inherited nothing but false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They are empty; there is no profit in them + +Here the words "They" and "them" refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught them to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing, with the second explaining how they "are empty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Do people make gods for themselves? But they are not gods + +The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "People cannot make gods for themselves. The things that they make are not gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Therefore see + +"Therefore, indeed." Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word "see" adds emphasis to what follows. + +# I will cause them to know + +Here the word "them" refers to the people from the nations. Yahweh repeats this phrase for emphasis. + +# my hand and my power + +Here the word "hand" refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh's great power. AT: "my great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they will know that Yahweh is my name + +Here the word "name" refers to Yahweh's entire person. AT: "they will know that I am Yahweh, the true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/intro.md b/jer/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9c43296b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 16:19-21, which is an extended quotation. This quotation also continues in chapter 17 and these should be seen as one section. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Coming punishment ##### + +The punishment that is prophesied in this chapter will happen quickly. The author gives many illustrations which describe how quickly this punishment will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +##### Israel restored ##### + +God will bring his people back from captivity. Even though the punishment of Judah will be great, Yahweh promised a future restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/01.md b/jer/17/01.md index 4205a60426..97f92b7fd0 100644 --- a/jer/17/01.md +++ b/jer/17/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:horn]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The sin of Judah is written ... on the horns of your altars -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **The sin of Judah is written...on the horns of your altars** - The sins which the people of Judah have committed are permanent, just like words that a person engraves into stone. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The sin of Judah is written** - AT: "The people of Judah have written their sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It is engraved** - AT: "They have engraved it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **engraved on tablet of their hearts** - The hearts of the people are the tablets on which they have engraved their sins. The word "hearts" refers to the whole person, their thoughts, emotions, and actions. AT: "engraved on their very beings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **on the horns of your altars** - The word "horns" refers to the projections on the corners of the altars. +Yahweh speaks of Judah's sins being so great that they cannot stop committing them as if someone had engraved their sin permanently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The sin of Judah is written + +Here the word "Judah" represents the people of Judah. This may be expressed in active form. AT: "Someone has written the sin of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It is engraved + +This may be expressed in active form. AT: "Someone has engraved it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# engraved on the tablet of their hearts + +The sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word "hearts" refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. AT: "engraved in their very beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# on the horns of your altars + +The word "horns" refers to the projections on the corners of the altars. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/03.md b/jer/17/03.md index 30797ebb7b..af25549383 100644 --- a/jer/17/03.md +++ b/jer/17/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your wealth and all your treasures -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The words "wealth" and "treasures" mean the same thing and refer to anything that they consider valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# plunder -* **They remember their altars on the mountains in the countryside** - This phrase is a continuation from [[en:bible:notes:jer:17:01]]. Some ancient manuscripts read instead that "the mountains in the countryside" are part of the plunder that Yahweh will give to others. (See UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_manuscripts]]) -* **altars on the mountains** - These are alters where false gods are worshipped. AT: "your heathen alters" -* **your wealth and all your treasures** - The words "wealth" and "treasures" mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **plunder** - This refers to things that people steal or take by force. -* **your sin is everywhere** - AT: "you have sinned everywhere" -* **the inheritance** - This refers to the land of Israel. -* **you have ignited a fire in my wrath, which will burn** - Yahweh compares his judgment to a fire that destroys. AT: “by making me angry, it is as if you have started a fire that will burn you up” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to things that people steal or take by force. + +# You will lose the inheritance that I gave to you + +Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that he had given to the people of Judah as a permanent possession. AT: "You will lose the land that I have given to you as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have ignited a fire in my wrath, which will burn forever + +Yahweh speaks of the fierceness of his anger as if his anger were a fire that burns those with whom he is angry. AT: "you have made me so angry that my anger will be like a fire that will burn forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/05.md b/jer/17/05.md index 9f163ff68b..12894bfd13 100644 --- a/jer/17/05.md +++ b/jer/17/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The person who trusts in mankind is accursed -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will curse any person who trusts in mankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# he makes flesh his strength -* **The person who trusts in mankind is accursed** - AT: "I will curse any person who trusts in mankind" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he makes flesh his strength** - Here the word "flesh" refers to people. AT: "he depends on mere humans for strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **turns his heart away from Yahweh** - Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. AT: "turns his devotion away from Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **like a small bush** - The person who trusts in man instead of Yahweh will be like a plant that struggles to survive in an infertile land. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **barren land** - AT: "he will be useless like a bush in the wilderness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Here the word "flesh" represents humans. AT: "he depends on mere humans for strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turns his heart away from Yahweh + +Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. AT: "turns his devotion away from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# like a small bush + +The person who trusts in man instead of Yahweh will be like a plant that struggles to survive in an infertile land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the wilderness, barren land without inhabitants + +The phrase "barren land without inhabitants" describes and means basically the same thing as "wilderness." AT: "the barren wilderness where no person lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/07.md b/jer/17/07.md index dd34009191..b0bfbb9d4b 100644 --- a/jer/17/07.md +++ b/jer/17/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he will be like a tree planted by water -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will be like a tree that someone has planted by water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# It will not fear the heat when it comes ... It is not anxious in a year of drought -* **he will be like a plant beside waters** - The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He will not see heat is coming** - "He will not be disturbed by hot weather is coming" -* **he will not be anxious** - "he will not be worried" +Yahweh speaks of a tree that draws its water from a stream being unaffected by heat and drought as if the tree were unafraid of these things. AT: "The heat will not affect it when it comes ... No harm is caused to it in a year of drought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/09.md b/jer/17/09.md index 12a66831e5..7108042f1d 100644 --- a/jer/17/09.md +++ b/jer/17/09.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The heart is more deceitful -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here the word "heart" refers to the minds and thoughts of people. AT: "The human mind is more deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# who can understand it? -* **The heart is more deceitful** - Here the word "heart" refers to the minds and thoughts of people. AT: "The human mind is more deceitful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who can understand it?** - The speaker uses this question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. AT: "no one can understand it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who tests the heart** - Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "who tests people's desires" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the fruit of his deeds** - Here the word "fruit" refers to the results of a person's actions. AT: "what he has done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **A partridge hatches an egg...become rich unjustly** - The person who becomes rich by dishonest means is like a bird that steals eggs from another bird. The bird does not keep the eggs and the rich person will not benefit from his money. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in his prime of life** - AT: "when he has lived only half of his life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **riches will abandon him** - AT: "he will loose his wealth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **in the end** - "at the end of his life" +The speaker uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "no one can understand it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who tests the hearts + +Here the word "hearts" represents the emotions. AT: "who tests the emotions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# according to his ways + +Here a person's behavior is spoken of as if it were the paths along which he walks. AT: "according to how he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fruit of his deeds + +Here the results of a person's actions are spoken of as if they were fruit. AT: "what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# A partridge hatches an egg ... become rich unjustly + +This analogy of a bird that hatches another bird's eggs is meant to illustrate a rich man who makes his money by robbing others. + +# when half his days are over + +Here the word "days" stands for someone's entire life. AT: "when he has lived only half of his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# those riches will abandon him + +The riches are spoken of as if they were servants who would abandon their owner. AT: "he will lose his wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in the end + +"at the end of his life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/12.md b/jer/17/12.md index 1cc98de7b8..91ece65a4d 100644 --- a/jer/17/12.md +++ b/jer/17/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The place of our temple is a glorious throne -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Jeremiah speaks of the temple being a "glorious throne" because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The place of our temple -* **The place of our temple is a glorious throne** - Jeremiah compares the temple to a "glorious throne" because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The place of our temple** - This refers to Zion in Jerusalem. -* **All who abandon you** - Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh. -* **those in the land who turn away from you will be cut off** - AT: "you will cut off those in the land who turn away from you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fountain of living waters** - Jeremiah compares Yahweh to a fresh water spring. AT: "fountain of fresh, running water" or "the source of all life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will be healed...I will be rescued** - AT: "you really will have healed me...you really will have recused me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my song of praise** - "the one whom I praise" +This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem. + +# All who abandon you + +Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh. + +# those in the land who turn away from you will be written in the earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be written in the earth + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. AT: "will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust" or 2) the word "earth" is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. AT: "will join those in the place of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh, the fountain of living waters + +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. AT: "Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fountain of living waters + +Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. AT: "the fountain of fresh, running water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will be healed ... I will be rescued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you really will have healed me ... you really will have rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For you are my song of praise + +Possible meanings are 1) "For you are the one whom I praise" or 2) "For you are the reason I sing praise." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/15.md b/jer/17/15.md index b252d43fe2..e217913576 100644 --- a/jer/17/15.md +++ b/jer/17/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# they are saying to me -* **See** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **they are saying to me** - Here the word "me" refers to Jeremiah and the word "they" to his enemies. -* **Where is the word of Yahweh?** - The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. AT: "Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?" or "The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Let it come** - AT: "Let them happen" -* **a shepherd following you** - Yahweh called Jeremiah to lead the people, like a shepherd leads his sheep. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I did not long for** - "I did not desire" -* **the proclamations that came from my lips** - AT: "the proclamations that I spoke" or "the things that I proclaimed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **They were made** - AT: "I made them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the word "me" refers to Jeremiah and the word "they" to his enemies. + +# Where is the word of Yahweh? + +The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?" or "The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let it come + +"Let what Yahweh has said happen" + +# I did not run from being a shepherd following you + +Jeremiah speaks of leading and caring for the people as if he were a shepherd caring for sheep. He speaks of his abandoning that work as if he were running away from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I did not long for + +"I did not desire" + +# the proclamations that came from my lips + +Here the word "lips" represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word "proclamations" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "the proclamations that I spoke" or "the things that I proclaimed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They were made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I made them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/17.md b/jer/17/17.md index aaf440c728..e9d7c3b893 100644 --- a/jer/17/17.md +++ b/jer/17/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You are my refuge -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# on the day of calamity -* **on the day of calamity** - "Day" represents the span of time for God's judgment to take place. AT: "in times of calamity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **May my pursuers be ashamed, but do not let me be ashamed** - AT: "Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **May they be dismayed, but do not let me be dismayed** - This phrase means basically the same thing and the previous one and is used for emphasis. AT: "Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **shatter them with a double share of destruction** - AT: "shatter them with complete destruction" or "destroy them twice as much" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"in times of calamity" + +# May my pursuers be ashamed, but do not let me be ashamed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May they be dismayed, but do not let me be dismayed + +This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous one and adds emphasis to Jeremiah's prayer. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shatter them with a double share of destruction + +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies as if they were objects that Yahweh would shatter. The idiom "a double share" means to give twice as much. AT: "shatter them with complete destruction" or "destroy them twice as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/19.md b/jer/17/19.md index 457d04c867..710b22883d 100644 --- a/jer/17/19.md +++ b/jer/17/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# then in all the other gates of Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "then go and stand in all the other gates of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/21.md b/jer/17/21.md index f7cfe3c816..a160b9aa3a 100644 --- a/jer/17/21.md +++ b/jer/17/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for the sake of your lives -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"to protect your lives" -## translationNotes +# They did not listen or pay attention -* **Keep your lives and** - AT: "Protect your lives and" or "If you value your lives," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **listen or pay attention** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people refused to listen. AT: "They refused to listen" or "They refused to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# stiffened their neck + +Jeremiah speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff and unmovable. AT: "became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/24.md b/jer/17/24.md index 70a55ff21d..a678999291 100644 --- a/jer/17/24.md +++ b/jer/17/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# those who sit on David's throne -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **who sit on David's throne** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:13:12]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **this city will remain forever** - "this city will always exist" +Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as "David's throne." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 13:13](../13/12.md). AT: "those who sit on Judah's throne" or "the kings of the nation of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this city will be inhabited forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will inhabit this city forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/26.md b/jer/17/26.md index 4c9bf03c63..4e5e4d9268 100644 --- a/jer/17/26.md +++ b/jer/17/26.md @@ -1,20 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I will light a fire in its gates -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +"I will set the gates of Jerusalem on fire" -## translationNotes +# it cannot be put out -* **to my house** - This refers to the temple. -* **I will light a fire in its gates** - "I will start a fire in the gates of Jerusalem" -* **that will not be extinguished** - AT: "that people cannot extinguish" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people cannot put it out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/intro.md b/jer/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..12e60abc70 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Jeremiah 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 17:1-18, which is an extended quotation. This quotation is a continuation of chapter 16:19-21 and these should be seen as one section. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trusting God or humans ##### + +Trust is an important part of this chapter. Those who trust in human wisdom will not prosper. Those who trust in God will have all of their needs met. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### + +The person who depends on the power of other people is compared to a bush in the desert which always has to struggle for life. But the person who trusts in God is like a tree growing by a stream and has all his needs supplied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/01.md b/jer/18/01.md index e641a068c5..c913c6edfe 100644 --- a/jer/18/01.md +++ b/jer/18/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said," or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the potter's house -* **the word of Yahweh that came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **the potter's house** - A potter is someone who makes pots and other useful, small things from clay. AT: "the workshop of the potter" -* **behold** - The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **on the potter's wheel** - The potter's wheel is a small table that spins, a potter uses it to make pots. AT: "at his table" or "to make pots" -* **molding** - "forming" or "shaping" -* **was ruined in his hand** - AT: "fell apart in his hand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **so he changed his mind​** - AT: "so he made a different choice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **good in his eyes** - The eyes stand for the potter himself. AT: "good to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"the workshop of the potter." A potter is someone who makes pots from clay. + +# behold! + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# on the potter's wheel + +The potter's wheel is a small table that spins. A potter uses it to make pots. + +# the object of clay that he was molding was ruined in his hand + +The word "ruined" means that the object had some kind of imperfection in it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the object of clay that he was molding with his hands was not good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# molding + +"forming" or "shaping" + +# so he changed his mind + +This idiom means to decide to do something else. AT: "so he made a different choice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that seemed good in his eyes to do + +Here the word "eyes" represents sight and sight represents one's opinion. AT: "as he thought best to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/05.md b/jer/18/05.md index fb1e04695c..1670d1df59 100644 --- a/jer/18/05.md +++ b/jer/18/05.md @@ -1,30 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Should I not be able to act like this potter with you, house of Israel? -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **Should I not be able to act like this potter with you, house of Israel?** - With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. AT: "I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **See!** - The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed!” -* **Like clay in a potter's hand—that is how you are in my hand** - This phrase repeats what was implicit in the previous phrase in the form of a simile. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I may proclaim something** - AT: "perhaps I proclaim something" or "for example, I proclaim something" -* **tear it down, or destroy it** - These two expressions basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how destructive God's judgment will be. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **relent from** - "withhold" AT: "not bring" +With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. AT: "I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "kingdom of Israel" or "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Behold! + +"Indeed!" This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. + +# Like clay in a potter's hand—that is how you are in my hand + +Yahweh compares his being able to remake Israel as he see fit to the way that the potter is able to remake a lump of clay as he sees fit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# tear it down, or destroy it + +These two expressions basically mean the same thing. In the first expression, Yahweh speaks of destroying a kingdom as if the kingdom were a plant or a building that he tears down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# relent from + +"withhold" or "not bring" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/09.md b/jer/18/09.md index 314504db77..a52de95673 100644 --- a/jer/18/09.md +++ b/jer/18/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# build it up or plant it -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of strengthening kingdoms as if they were buildings that he would build, and as if they were plants that he would plant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# if it does evil in my eyes -* **build it up or plant it** - These two verbs basically mean the same thing and emphasize God's blessing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **plant it** - This phrase compares God's blessing to carefully placing a plant in a garden. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **evil in my eyes** - The eyes of Yahweh refer to Yahweh himself. AT: "things that I consider to be evil" or "evil according to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **not listening to my voice** - AT: "not obeying my commands" or "not paying attention to what I said" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the word "it" refers to a nation or kingdom, which is a metonym for the people in that nation or kingdom. The word "eyes" represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "if the people of that nation do things that I consider to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not listening to my voice + +Here the word "voice" represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Here, "not listening" is an idiom that means that they do not obey. AT: "not obeying what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/11.md b/jer/18/11.md index 8b035f011f..0b7e70b787 100644 --- a/jer/18/11.md +++ b/jer/18/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:repent|repent, repentance]] +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# I am about to form disaster against you. I am about to devise a plan against you -* **See** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **I am about to form disaster against you. I am about to devise a plan against you** - Both of these sentences describe the same thing to emphasize how dangerous this warning is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **form disaster** - Yahweh refers to disaster as something he forms as a person would form clay. AT: "shape" or "create" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **devise** - "think of " or "plan" or "create" -* **his wicked path** - AT: "his wicked way of living" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **your ways and your practices** - The words "ways" and "practices" basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize that their whole way of living has to change. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **But they will say** - The word "they" refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. -* **This is no use** - AT: "We have no hope" -* **what his evil, stubborn heart desires** - This person is referred to by the part of his body associated with emotions. AT: "by his wicked desires" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Yahweh speaks of planning disaster as if disaster were an object that he forms, like the potter would form clay. The second sentence repeats the same idea as the first using different words. AT: "I am about to devise a plan to bring disaster against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# devise a plan + +"make a plan" + +# his wicked way + +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a "way" or path along which the person walks. AT: "his wicked way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so your ways and your practices will bring good to you + +The words "ways" and "practices" both refer to a person's actions and general lifestyle. AT: "so your actions will result in good happening to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# But they will say + +The word "they" refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. + +# This is no use + +Possible meanings for this idiom are 1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. AT: "We do not care what you say" or 2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. AT: "What you are saying will not work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# what his evil, stubborn heart desires + +Here the word "heart" represents the person's mind or will. AT: "what his evil, stubborn mind desires" or "whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/13.md b/jer/18/13.md index 42ffee9271..4062f52fcf 100644 --- a/jer/18/13.md +++ b/jer/18/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this? -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon|Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:snow]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] +Here the word "nations" represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. AT: "Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this." or "Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# The virgin Israel has committed a horrible act -* **Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this?** - Implicit is that the nations will say that nobody has ever heard something like this. AT: "Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The virgin Israel** - Israel is ironically described as a virgin woman. AT: "Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **Does the snow in Lebanon ever leave the rocky hills in the fields?** - The implicit answer to this question is "no". AT: "The snow of Lebanon clearly never leaves the rocky hills in the fields" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do the mountain streams coming from far away ever lose their water?** - The implicit answer to this question is also "no". AT: "The moutain streams coming from far away surely never lose their water" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had "committed a horrible act." AT: "Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Does the snow in Lebanon ever leave the rocky hills on its sides? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the snow on the mountains never melts. AT: "The snow in Lebanon never leaves the rocky hills on its sides." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the rocky hills on its sides + +"the sides of the rocky hills" + +# Are the mountain streams coming from far away ever destroyed, those cold streams? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the mountain streams never cease to flow. He speaks of the streams drying up as if they were destroyed. AT: "Those cold mountain streams that come from far away never cease to flow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/15.md b/jer/18/15.md index a85b94ac65..40772b5588 100644 --- a/jer/18/15.md +++ b/jer/18/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# been made to stumble in their paths -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:horror]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks, and of living unfaithfully to him as if the person stumbled along the path. This can be stated in active form. AT: "this caused them to stumble in their paths" or "it is like they stumbled while walking on a path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# they have left the ancient paths to walk lesser paths -* **stumble in their paths** - Here the word "their" refers to "my people." -* **will become a horror** - AT: "will become something that horrifies people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **hissing** - This is a sound that shows strong disapproval. -* **passes by her** - Here the word "her" refers to "Their land." -* **I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind** - Yahweh compares himself to wind from the east that scatters dust and debris. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **will scatter them** - Here the word "them" refers to "my people." -* **I will show them my back, and not my face** - This action symbolizes that God will refuse to help his people. +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks. Here, "the ancient paths" represents the way that Yahweh had told their ancestors to live and "lesser paths" represents living unfaithfully to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will become a horror + +The word "horror" may be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "will become something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# an object of everlasting hissing + +The word "hissing" refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "an object at which people will always hiss" + +# passes by her + +Here the word "her" refers to "Their land." + +# I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind + +Yahweh speaks of causing the people to flee before their enemies as if he were an eastern wind that scatters dust and debris. AT: "I will be like an eastern wind and scatter them before their enemies" or "I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind scatters dust and debris" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will scatter them + +Here the word "them" refers to "my people." + +# I will show them my back, and not my face + +"I will turn my back toward them, and not my face." Turning one's back towards someone is a symbolic action that represents rejection and turning one's face towards someone is a symbolic action that represents favor. AT: "I will reject them and not act favorably towards them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/18.md b/jer/18/18.md index 4500429352..fe72bcb2e5 100644 --- a/jer/18/18.md +++ b/jer/18/18.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# let us make plots against Jeremiah -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +"let us make plans to harm Jeremiah" -## translationNotes +# the law will never perish from the priests, or advice from the wise men, or words from the prophets -* **let us make plots against Jeremiah** - "let us make plans to harm Jeremiah" -* **the law will never perish from the priests, or advice from the wise men, or words from the prophets** - AT: "the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **attack him with our words** - "say things that will harm him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Pay attention to me** - Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh. -* **Will disaster from them really be my reward for being good to them?​** - Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that good actions should not be repaid with bad things. AT: "Disaster from them should not be my reward for being good to them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **dug a pit for my life** - AT: "dug a pit to trap me and kill me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to cause your fury to turn away from them** - AT: "so that you would not punish them in your anger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "will never perish" can be supplied to each of these phrases. This can also be expressed in positive terms. AT: "the law will never perish from the priests, and advice will never perish from the wise men, and words will never perish from the prophets" or "the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# words from the prophets + +Here "words" represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. AT: "words of Yahweh from the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# attack him with our words + +The people speak of speaking harmful words against Jeremiah as if their words were weapons with which they attack him. AT: "say things that will harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pay attention to me + +Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh. + +# Will disaster from them really be my reward for being good to them? + +Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that good actions should not be repaid with bad things. AT: "Disaster from them should not be my reward for being good to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they have dug a pit for me + +Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit in which to trap him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to cause your fury to turn away from them + +Here the word "fury" represents the punishment that Yahweh intended to inflict upon them. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh not punishing them as if he were turning his fury away from them. AT: "so that you would not punish them in your anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/21.md b/jer/18/21.md index 0e6619bba9..552f59f791 100644 --- a/jer/18/21.md +++ b/jer/18/21.md @@ -1,24 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# hand over their children to famine -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The idiom "hand over" means to place a person in the power of another person. Jeremiah speaks of "famine" as if it were a person who could have power over others. AT: "cause their children to die from famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# give them to the hands of those who use the sword -* **give them over to the power of the sword** - "Sword" represents warfare. AT: "cause them to die in battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **let their women become bereaved and widows** - "let the children and husbands of their women die" -* **their men be killed, and their young men killed by the sword** - AT: "people kill their men, and kill their young men with swords" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a distressed shout be heard** - AT: "people hear a distressed shout" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden traps for my feet** - Jeremiah's enemies are trying to capture him like a person would capture a wild animal. Jeremiah repeats the same idea twice for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **they have dug a pit** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:18:18]]. -* **iniquities and sins** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Do not wipe their sins away from you** - This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **let them be overthrown before you** - AT: "let people overthrow them in your presence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the word "hands" represents power. AT: "cause those who use the sword to have power over them" or "cause them to die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let their women become bereaved and widows + +"let the children and husbands of their women die." The word "bereaved" refers to a woman whose children have all died. + +# their men be killed + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. AT: "let people kill their men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their young men killed by the sword in battle + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. AT: "let people kill their young men with swords in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let a distressed shout be heard + +The phrase "a distressed shout" can be translated with a verbal phrase. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let people hear a distressed shout" or "Let people hear others shout in distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden traps for my feet + +These two phrases share similar meanings. Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into and set traps in which to capture him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they have dug a pit + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:20](./18.md). + +# have hidden traps for my feet + +Here the word "feet" represents Jeremiah. AT: "have hidden traps for me" or "have hidden traps for me to step on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Do not wipe their sins away from you + +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his enemies' sins as if someone had written their sins down and Yahweh would erase them. This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. AT: "Do not pardon their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# let them be overthrown before you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let people overthrow them in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the time of your wrath + +The word "wrath" can be translated with a verb. AT: "when you are still angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/intro.md b/jer/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1365e2d315 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 18:13-17, 19-23, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Attacking Jeremiah ##### +Things were so bad in Judah, they even attacked Jeremiah. To attack Yahweh's prophet was to attack Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### + +Like a potter can change what he is making from one type of pot to another, God can change his plans and not punish people if they repent. The image of God as a potter and mankind as clay is an important one in Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/01.md b/jer/19/01.md index e79079aacb..2598d6a37f 100644 --- a/jer/19/01.md +++ b/jer/19/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Valley of Ben Hinnom -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* **Valley of Ben Hinnom** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:07:31]]. -* **See** - AT: "Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle** - AT: "it will shock everyone who hears of it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# See + +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle + +Here "ears ... will tingle" is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. AT: "it will shock everyone who hears of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will tingle + +Possible meanings are 1) "will ring" or 2) "will quiver." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/04.md b/jer/19/04.md index 11b203c429..97817cee24 100644 --- a/jer/19/04.md +++ b/jer/19/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they have abandoned me -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Here the word "they" refers to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# filled this place with innocent blood -* **they have abandoned me** - Here the word "they" refers to the people of Judah. -* **filled this place with innocent blood** - AT: "murdered many innocent people in this place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **something that I did not command** - AT: "something that I forbid them to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **nor did it even come up in my heart** - Here the word "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "nor did I every think about it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "innocent blood" represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. AT: "murdered many innocent people in this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nor did it enter my mind + +Here the word "mind" refers to Yahweh's thoughts. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). AT: "nor did I ever think about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/06.md b/jer/19/06.md index d88ebc942a..81d2eb2d31 100644 --- a/jer/19/06.md +++ b/jer/19/06.md @@ -1,29 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# see -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:anguish]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **see** - AT: “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **this place will no longer be called** - AT: "people will no longer call this place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Topheth, the Valley of Ben Hinnom...the Valley of Slaughter** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:jer:07:31]]. -* **I will make them to fall by the sword before their enemies** - AT: "I will make their enemies kill them with swords" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and by the hand of the ones seeking their lives** - This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase. AT: "and I will allow those who want to kill them to kill them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **hissing** - The "S" sound, which shows strong disapproval. -* **I will make them eat** - "I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# this place will no longer be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will no longer call this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Topheth ... the Valley of Ben Hinnom ... the Valley of Slaughter + +See how you translated the names of these places in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). + +# I will make them to fall by the sword before their enemies + +The idiom "to fall by the sword" means to die in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will enable their enemies to kill them with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will make them + +The word "them" refers to the people of Judah and Jerusalem. + +# by the hand of the ones seeking their lives + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The idiom "fall ... by the hand of" means to be killed by someone, with the word "hand" representing the whole person. AT: "I will enable those who want to kill them to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the object of hissing + +The word "hissing" refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "an object at which people hiss" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will make them eat + +"I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat" + +# in the siege + +"because of the siege" + +# and in the anguish brought on them by their enemies and the ones seeking their lives + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/10.md b/jer/19/10.md index 61b0fd0ae7..e34517136b 100644 --- a/jer/19/10.md +++ b/jer/19/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in the sight of the men who went with you -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The abstract noun "sight" can be expressed with the verb "watching." AT: "while the men who went with you are watching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts says this -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **it cannot be repaired** - AT: "no one can repair it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# it could not be repaired again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can repair it again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/12.md b/jer/19/12.md index 1ed9d6e8df..a58055a5ff 100644 --- a/jer/19/12.md +++ b/jer/19/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# of the kings of Judah -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **and of the kings of Judah** - AT: "and the houses of the kings of Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The words "the houses" may be supplied here. AT: "the houses of the kings of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the unclean people + +People who are not acceptable for God's purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/14.md b/jer/19/14.md index d9f19d8327..d3f9f0d4ab 100644 --- a/jer/19/14.md +++ b/jer/19/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## translationNotes +# See -* **See** - AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **stiffened their neck and refused to listen** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# stiffened their neck and refused to listen + +These two phrases both speak of the people being stubborn. In the first phrase, Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff. AT: "stubbornly refused to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/intro.md b/jer/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..12db61dfc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### People horrified ##### + +The destruction of Jerusalem will be so complete that it will leave dead bodies everywhere and horrify people who see it. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/01.md b/jer/20/01.md index eeecba0b93..036e625b5a 100644 --- a/jer/20/01.md +++ b/jer/20/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Pashhur ... Immer -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **he was a leading officer** - Here the word "he" refers to Pashur. -* **Pashur beat Jeremiah** - Possible meanings are 1) that Pashur himself beat Jeremiah, or 2) that Pashur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **stocks** - Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner's hands, feet, and head. -* **Upper Gate of Benjamin** - This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pashhur beat Jeremiah + +Possible meanings are 1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or 2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stocks + +Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner's hands, feet, and head. + +# Upper Gate of Benjamin + +This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/03.md b/jer/20/03.md index 9bd4ba89bd..fa4246442b 100644 --- a/jer/20/03.md +++ b/jer/20/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:horror]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# you are Magor Missabib -* **It happened** - This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **you are Magor Missabib** - This name means "terror on every side" or "surrounded by terror." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Look** - AT: “Take note to what I am about to tell you” -* **they will fall by the sword of their enemies** - AT: "their enemies will kill them with swords" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your eyes will see it** - AT: "you will see it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I will give all of Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon** - Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "I will enable the king of Babylon to conquer all of Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This name means "terror on every side" or "surrounded by terror." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Look, + +This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." + +# they will fall by the sword of their enemies + +The idiom "fall by the sword" means that they will die in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "their enemies will kill them with swords" or "their enemies will kill them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your eyes will see it + +Here the word "eyes" represents Pashhur. AT: "you will see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will give all of Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon + +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "I will enable the king of Babylon to conquer all of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/05.md b/jer/20/05.md index d9951a25bd..0811b1529c 100644 --- a/jer/20/05.md +++ b/jer/20/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will give him -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] +Here the word "him" refers to the king of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# all the wealth ... all of its riches, all of its precious items and all the treasures -* **I will give him** - Here the word "him" refers to the king of Babylon. -* **all the wealth...all of its riches, all of its precious items and all the treasures** - Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. That is Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the King's possessions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will place these things in the hand of your enemies** - Here the word "hand" refers to possession. AT: "I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things" or "I will give these things to your enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **You and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied -* AT: "There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the king's possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will place these things in the hand of your enemies + +Placing things in people's hands represents giving thing to the people or allowing the people to take the things. AT: "I will give these things to your enemies" or "I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things will be buried there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/07.md b/jer/20/07.md index ab3bcf9b22..872f9133e6 100644 --- a/jer/20/07.md +++ b/jer/20/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh, you deceived me, and I was deceived -* Jeremiah Speaks to Yahweh -* **I was indeed persuaded** - AT: "I allowed you to persuade me" (UDB) or "you really did persuade me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **laughingstock** - This is a person whom others laugh at and make fun of. -* **Every day is filled with the mocking of me** - This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase. AT: "People mock me all day every day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **called out and proclaimed** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "spoken out in your name saying," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Yahweh's word has turned into reproach and mocking for me every day** - AT: "People reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh's word" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **reproach and mocking** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **I will no longer proclaim his name** - Possible meanings are 1) "I will no longer say anything about him" (UDB) or 2) "I will no longer speak as as his messenger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **it is like a fire in my heart, a burning held in by my bones** - Jeremiah compares Yahweh's message to a fire that burns uncontrollably. AT: "Yahweh's word is like a fire that burns deep within me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Some modern versions interpret these Hebrew expressions as "Yahweh, you persuaded me, and I was indeed persuaded." + +# I was deceived + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you deceived me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have become a laughingstock all day long; everyone mocks me + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the way others mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# laughingstock + +This is a person whom others laugh at and make fun of. + +# called out and proclaimed + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh's message boldly. AT: "openly proclaimed" or "proclaimed loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Yahweh's word has become for me reproach and mocking every day + +Here "word" refers to the message of Yahweh. The words "reproach" and "mocking" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for me reproach and mocking + +The words "reproach" and "mocking" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh's message. AT: "a reason for people to ridicule me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will not speak any longer in his name + +Possible meanings are 1) "I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him" or 2) the word "name" represents authority. AT: "I will no longer speak as his messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bones + +Here the words "heart" and "bones" represent Jeremiah's innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh's message as if Yahweh's message were a fire that burns within him. AT: "Yahweh's word is like a fire that burns deep within me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/10.md b/jer/20/10.md index 7c5868ae25..92b122fe0a 100644 --- a/jer/20/10.md +++ b/jer/20/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Report! We must report it -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jeremiah's enemies say these words. -## translationNotes +# watch to see if I will fall -* **Report. We must report it** - Jeremiah's enemies say these words. -* **Perhaps he can be fooled...take vengeance on him** - Jeremiah's enemies say these words. -* **Perhaps he can be fooled** - AT: "Perhaps we can trick him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Yahweh is with me like a powerful warrior** - Yahweh is like a powerful warrior who protects Jeremiah and defeats his enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **never to be forgotten** - AT: "that people will never forget" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Perhaps he can be tricked ... take our revenge on him + +Jeremiah's enemies say these words. + +# Perhaps he can be tricked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Perhaps we can trick him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh is with me like a powerful warrior + +Jeremiah compares Yahweh helping him and defending him against his enemies to a powerful warrior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# so the ones pursuing me will stagger + +Jeremiah speaks of his enemies trying to harm him as if they were chasing after him and of their failing to harm him as if they were to stagger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will be greatly ashamed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bring great shame upon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will never be forgotten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will never forget it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/12.md b/jer/20/12.md index bacf989f0c..af2a92390a 100644 --- a/jer/20/12.md +++ b/jer/20/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# see the mind and the heart -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The word "mind" is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides, and the word "heart" is a metonym for what a person feels and desires. AT: "know every person's thoughts and feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# those who are oppressed from the hand of evildoers -* **who see the mind and the heart** - AT: "who knows what people think and desire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **rescued the soul of the oppressed person** - AT: "rescued the oppressed person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **from the hand of evildoers** - Here the word hand refers to power. AT: "from the power of evildoers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" represents power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom evildoers oppress with their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/14.md b/jer/20/14.md index a201c8d45c..08967848fd 100644 --- a/jer/20/14.md +++ b/jer/20/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] +Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Let the day when I was born be cursed -* Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh. -* **Let the day I was born be cursed** - AT: "Curse the day I was born" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Do not let the day my mother bore me be blessed** - AT: "Do not bless the day my mother bore me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Let the man who informed my father be cursed** - AT: "Curse the man who informed my father" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Curse the day I was born" or "Let people curse the day when I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do not let the day that my mother bore me be blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not bless the day that my mother bore me" or "Do not let people bless the day that my mother bore me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let the man who informed my father be cursed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Curse the man who informed my father" or "Let people curse the man who informed my father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/16.md b/jer/20/16.md index 3bcadf2027..749cd09999 100644 --- a/jer/20/16.md +++ b/jer/20/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# that man -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +This refers to the man who informed Jeremiah's father of Jeremiah's birth. -## translationNotes +# the cities that Yahweh overthrew -* **that man** - This refers to the man who informed Jeremiah's father of Jeremiah's birth. -* **the cities that Yahweh overthrew** - This refers to Sodom and Gomorrah. -* **he would not have mercy** - Here the word "he" refers to Yahweh. -* **May he hear a call for help** - Here the word "he" refers to "that man." -* **make my mother my tomb** - Jeremiah's mother's womb would have held his dead body like tombs hold the bodies of dead people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Why is it that I came out from the womb to see troubles and agony...?** - Jeremiah uses this question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. AT: "There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to see troubles and agony** - The words "troubles" and "agony" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "to experience troubles and agony" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **my days are filled with shame** - AT: "my life is filled with shame" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This refers to Sodom and Gomorrah. + +# he did not have compassion + +Here the word "he" refers to Yahweh. + +# Let him hear a cry for help + +Here the word "him" refers to "that man." + +# making my mother to be my tomb + +Jeremiah speaks of his dying while his mother was still pregnant with him as if his mother's womb were his tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a womb that was pregnant forever + +Jeremiah speaks of his pregnant mother never giving birth to the baby in her womb as if she had been pregnant forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why is it that I came out from the womb to see troubles and agony ... shame? + +Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony ... shame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to see troubles and agony + +The words "troubles" and "agony" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the amount and severity of suffering. AT: "to experience so much suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my days are filled with shame + +Here the word "days" represents all the days of Jeremiah's life. AT: "my life is filled with shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/intro.md b/jer/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c7f2eb71e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Jeremiah 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 20:7-18, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pashhur ##### +This chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +##### Jeremiah's reaction ##### +Jeremiah's reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh's actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/01.md b/jer/21/01.md index 7597ee3afc..7e32d3569b 100644 --- a/jer/21/01.md +++ b/jer/21/01.md @@ -1,30 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle|miracle, wonder, sign]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah|Zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zephaniah]] -* [[en:tw:zephaniah|Zephaniah]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Pashhur -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Pashhur ** - This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:20:01]] -* **Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf** - AT: "Please speak to Yahweh for us. Ask him if he will help us." -* **as in times past** - as in times past AT: "as he did in the past" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **will make him withdraw from us** - AT: "will make him go away" +This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in [Jeremiah 20:1](../20/01.md). + +# Pashhur ... Malkijah ... Maaseiah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They said to him + +"Pashhur and Zephaniah said to Jeremiah" + +# Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf ... making war on us + +This was a polite, but urgent request. AT: "Please speak to Yahweh for us ... attacking us" + +# as in times past + +"as he did in the past" + +# will make him withdraw from us + +"will make him go away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/03.md b/jer/21/03.md index 79d9028e7c..f4bc02cfd1 100644 --- a/jer/21/03.md +++ b/jer/21/03.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans|Chaldea, Chaldean]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows. -## translationNotes +# turn back -* **the instruments of war that are in your hand** - AT: "the soldiers that you command" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **closing you in** - "coming close to you" -* **I myself will fight against you with a raised hand ** - AT: "I will punish you" -* **and a strong arm** - AT: "and with power" -* **wrath, fury, and great anger** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Possible meanings are 1) to make useless or 2) to send back into the city. + +# the instruments of war that are in your hand + +Possible meanings are 1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and "hand" represents control. AT: "the soldiers that you command" or 2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and "your hand" represent both the king and his soldiers. AT: "the weapons that you and your soldiers carry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Chaldeans + +This term here is another name for the Babylonians. + +# closing you in + +"coming close to you" + +# I will gather them + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or 2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city. + +# Then I myself + +This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# with a raised hand and a strong arm + +Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. AT: "with very great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with wrath, fury, and great anger + +These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. AT: "with extremely great anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/06.md b/jer/21/06.md index 6e2e97fbe9..25864533fa 100644 --- a/jer/21/06.md +++ b/jer/21/06.md @@ -1,30 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# inhabitants of this city -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beast|beast]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +"those who live in Jerusalem" -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **inhabitants of this city** - AT: "those who live in Jerusalem" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the sword + +Here this refers to the battle in which swords are used. AT: "the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# into the hand + +Here "hand" refers to the power of their enemies over them. AT: "into the power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon ... their enemies ... those seeking their life + +All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# seeking their life + +"wanting to kill them" + +# with the edge of the sword + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metonym for death in battle. AT: "in battle" or 2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will not pity them, spare them, or have compassion + +These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. AT: "He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/08.md b/jer/21/08.md index ba2a96225a..6b127d5aeb 100644 --- a/jer/21/08.md +++ b/jer/21/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# this people -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +"the people of Jerusalem" -## translationNotes +# I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death -* **this people** - AT: "the people of Jerusalem" -* **I am about to place you the way of life and the way of death** - Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die. -* **falling on his knees before** - AT: "surrendering to" -* **closed in against** - AT: "attacked from all sides" -* **I have set my face against** - AT: "I have determined to oppose" or "I have turned against" -* **He will have his own life as his plunder** - The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions. -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die. + +# by the sword, famine, and plague + +Death by the sword refers to death in battle. AT: "in battle and by famine and plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# falling on his knees before + +This symbolic act represents surrender. AT: "surrendering to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# closed in against you + +"attacked you from all sides" + +# He will escape with his life + +The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions. + +# I have set my face against this city + +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "I have made up my mind to oppose this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have set my face against + +"am staring angrily at" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# It has been given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have given it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into the hand of the king + +Here "hand" represents the power of the king to destroy the city. AT: "into the power of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/11.md b/jer/21/11.md index 619d2c8c39..ce0628429a 100644 --- a/jer/21/11.md +++ b/jer/21/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. AT: "Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants" -## translationNotes +# the house of the king of Judah -* **Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh** - AT: "Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants." -* **Bring about justice in the morning** - AT: "Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the oppressor's hand** - AT: "the power of the one who oppresses" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **my fury will go out like fire and burn** - AT: "I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **your practices** - "the things that you do" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. AT: "the king of Judah and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# House of David + +This refers to the same people as "the house of the king of Judah." All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. AT: "Descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bring about justice in the morning + +The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as an action. AT: "Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the hand of the oppressor + +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "the power of the one who oppresses them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my fury will go out like fire and burn + +Here Yahweh's punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. AT: "I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no one who can quench it + +Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh's punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/13.md b/jer/21/13.md index 0f3202da59..022bb310cb 100644 --- a/jer/21/13.md +++ b/jer/21/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] +This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Pay attention" -## translationNotes +# inhabitant of the valley -* **I am against you, rock of the plain** - AT: "I oppose you, Jerusalem" or "I am going to punish you, people of Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **Who will come down to attack us? or Who will enter our houses?** - AT: "No one will attack us and no one will enter our houses" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you** - AT: "I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done" See: ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the fruit of your practices** - AT: "the result of your deeds" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because "inhabitant" is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or 2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city. + +# I am against + +"I oppose" or "I am going to punish" + +# rock of the plain + +This is a metaphor for a city whose people can defend themselves surrounded by cities that would be difficult to defend. This is also a metonym for the people who live in that city. Yahweh is using irony to tell them that they cannot defend themselves. AT: "you people who think you are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Who will come down to attack us? ... Who will enter our houses? + +These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. AT: "No one will attack us! ... No one will enter our houses!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you + +The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. AT: "I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the thickets + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or 2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/intro.md b/jer/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5428e6401f --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Jeremiah 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 21:11-14, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jerusalem doomed ##### + +God will fight against Jerusalem and will use the nation of Babylon to fight his battle. If the Jews wanted to live, they needed to surrender to Babylon. Most of the Jews would have rather died than to surrender to Babylon. Usually, fighting against a Gentile nation was a sign of trust in Yahweh's power. In this instance, it was a sign of trust in Yahweh to surrender. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/01.md b/jer/22/01.md index a91c5b9225..9647f89e02 100644 --- a/jer/22/01.md +++ b/jer/22/01.md @@ -1,44 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of the king of Judah -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"the palace of the king of Judah." The word "house" has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. -## translationNotes +# proclaim this word -* **sit on David's throne** - This refers to having kingly authority, like David had. AT: "rule as king, like David before you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **listen to the word of Yahweh** - AT: "pay attention to the word of Yahweh" -* **you servants of his, and you, his people** - AT: "you servants of the king, and you people who live in his country" -* **who come through these gates** - These are the gates of the palace of the king. AT: "who come to visit the king" -* **the hand of the oppressor** - The word "hand" refers to the power or control of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **mistreat** - treat someone badly -* **orphan** - a child who does not have parents -* **pour out innocent blood** - To pour out a person's blood means to murder someone. AT: "murder innocent people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in this place** - "This place" refers to Jerusalem, or even the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places. +"proclaim this message" + +# listen to the word of Yahweh + +"pay attention to the word of Yahweh" + +# you who sit on David's throne + +This refers to the king of Judah. + +# sit on David's throne + +The metonym "throne" refers to having authority as king, like David had. AT: "rule as king, like David before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your people who come through these gates + +These gates are the gates of the king's palace. AT: "your people who come to visit the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Perform justice and righteousness + +The abstract nouns "justice" and "righteousness can be stated as actions. AT: "Act fairly and justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# anyone who has been robbed—rescue him from the hand of the oppressor + +"rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor" + +# the hand of the oppressor + +Here "the hand" refers to power or control. AT: "the power of the oppressor" or "the one who would harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not mistreat + +"Do not treat badly" + +# orphan + +a child who does not have parents + +# Do not ... pour out innocent blood + +Here "pour out ... blood" is associated with murder, and "blood" refers to the murdered people. AT: "Do not ... murder innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in this place + +Possible meanings are 1) Jerusalem or 2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/04.md b/jer/22/04.md index 32efb53cda..607e0ddd28 100644 --- a/jer/22/04.md +++ b/jer/22/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# kings sitting on David's throne -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +The metonym "throne" refers to kingly authority like David had. AT: "kings, ruling like David before them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the gates of this house -* **kings sitting on David’s throne** - This refers to kings having authority like David had. AT: “kings, ruling like David before them” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **riding in a chariot and on horses** - This phrase describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He, his servants, and his people** - This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. AT: "He, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **if you do not listen** - AT: "if you do not pay attention" (UDB) or "if you do not obey" -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace. + +# riding in a chariot and on horses + +This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he, his servants, and his people + +This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. AT: "he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# if you do not listen to + +"if you refuse to pay attention to" or "if you do not obey" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# this royal house + +This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/06.md b/jer/22/06.md index 3d45c8af06..2a755e5559 100644 --- a/jer/22/06.md +++ b/jer/22/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of the king of Judah -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or 2) "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. AT: "the royal dynasty of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon -* **palace of the king of Judah** - This could also be translated as "house of the king of Judah" and refers to the family and descendants of the King of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon** - Yahweh is describing his good feelings toward the family and descendants of the King of Judah (See : [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **turn you into a wilderness,** - AT: “cause your cities to become empty or uninhabited” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon" or 2) "You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# turn you into a wilderness + +What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. AT: "cause you to become empty like the desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have designated destroyers to come against you + +"I have chosen an army to attack you" + +# the best of your cedars + +Possible meaning are 1) the beams of the palace or 2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fall into the fire + +Possible meanings are 1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or 2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/08.md b/jer/22/08.md index 546c3bef04..3e7f556c52 100644 --- a/jer/22/08.md +++ b/jer/22/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then many nations will pass by this city -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "nations" refers to the people from those nations that pass by. AT: "Then many people from various nations will pass by this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# bowed down to other gods and worshiped them -* **Then many nations will pass by this city.** - AT: "Then many people from various nations will pass by this city." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* ** bowed down to other gods and worshiped them.** - bowed down to other gods and worshiped them. AT: "bowed down to idols and worshiped them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase "bowed down" describes the posture that people used in worship. AT: "they worshiped other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/10.md b/jer/22/10.md index 20b70f49b7..6fd8ebef76 100644 --- a/jer/22/10.md +++ b/jer/22/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] +Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience. -## translationNotes +# the one who is dead -* The speaker Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience. -* **see the land of his birth again** - AT: "see the land of Israel again" or "see his homeland again" +This is singular, and refers to King Josiah who had been killed. + +# him who is about to go away + +This refers to King Jehoahaz who was taken into exile in Egypt. + +# never return and see his native land + +"never come back and see the land of Israel again" or "never see his homeland again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/11.md b/jer/22/11.md index 05d3c9c8b2..170bb3ef70 100644 --- a/jer/22/11.md +++ b/jer/22/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehoahaz -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +The name in Hebrew is "Shallum," but he is better known as Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# who served as king instead of Josiah his father -* **Jehoahaz** - In the Hebrew his name is "Shallum", but this is the normal spelling of his name. +"who became king when his father, Josiah, died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/13.md b/jer/22/13.md index 387f6dfbe4..6765aef994 100644 --- a/jer/22/13.md +++ b/jer/22/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# him who builds his house ... he says -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +These refer to King Jehoiakim. -## translationNotes +# builds his house by unrighteousness, his upper rooms by injustice -* **house ** - House is being used here to describe Jehoiakim and his family. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The abstract nouns "unrighteousness" and "injustice" have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis, and can be stated as actions. AT: "unjustly forced men to build his house and his upper rooms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his house + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to King Jehoiakim and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a large house with spacious upper rooms ... large windows ... cedar ... red + +These characteristics all describe a very expensive house. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/15.md b/jer/22/15.md index ff3f30ab64..8f5ac58aab 100644 --- a/jer/22/15.md +++ b/jer/22/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Is this what makes you a good king, that you wanted to have boards of cedar? -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for his expensive palace. AT: "Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Did not your father also eat and drink, yet do ... righteousness? -* **Is this what makes you a good king, that you wanted to have cedar boards** - AT: "Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king" (See : [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did not your father also eat and drink?** - AT: "King Josiah enjoyed his life." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is this not what it means to know me?** - AT: "This is what it means to know me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Jehoiakim about the example of his father, King Josiah. AT: "Your father King Josiah enjoyed his life, yet did ... righteousness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# do justice and righteousness + +These abstract nouns have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis and can be stated as actions. AT: "act justly and fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It was good then + +"Things went well for him" + +# Is this not what it means to know me? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for not following the example of his father, King Josiah. AT: "This is what it means to know me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/17.md b/jer/22/17.md index 5f28793cbb..1a70c4c19d 100644 --- a/jer/22/17.md +++ b/jer/22/17.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# there is nothing in your eyes and heart except worry ... crushing of others -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] +Here "eyes" is a metonym for seeing and "heart" is a metonym for thinking. AT: "you never look for or think about anything except ... crushing of others" or "you only look for and think about ways to cheat others and pour out innocent blood, and to oppress and crush others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# unjust profit -* **nothing in your eyes or heart** - "nothing in your thoughts or emotions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **unjust profit** - This is getting money by cheating or by using unfair means. -* **pouring out innocent blood** - AT: "killing innocent people" -* **crushing of others** - "doing violence to others in order to get money" -* **Woe, my brother... Woe, my sister... Woe, my lord... Woe, my majesty** - Yahweh uses the word "woe" several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See : [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **be buried with an donkey's burial** - AT: "be discarded as worthless" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is getting money by cheating or by using unfair means. + +# pouring out innocent blood + +Here "pouring out ... blood" is associated with murder, and "blood" refers to the murdered people. AT: "murdering innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# crushing of others + +"doing violence to others in order to get money" + +# They will not lament for him + +In verse 18, Yahweh stops speaking directly to Jehoiakim and begins to speak to other people. Here "lament" refers to grieving at Jehoiakim's death. AT: "They will not lament for Jehoiakim when he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Woe, my brother! ... Woe, my sister! ... Woe, master! ... Woe, majesty! + +Yahweh uses the word "Woe" several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will be buried with a donkey's burial, dragged away and thrown out + +The burial of Jehoiakim is spoken of as being the same as the manner in which people would bury a donkey. This can be stated in active form. AT: "They will bury his dead body the way they would bury a dead donkey; they will drag it away and throw it out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/20.md b/jer/22/20.md index 89808aff58..723a206ce7 100644 --- a/jer/22/20.md +++ b/jer/22/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon|Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +It appears that Yahweh is here speaking to the people of Jerusalem, telling them that they will be destroyed. -## translationNotes +# Lift your voice -* **Lift your voice** - AT: "Shout in Bashan" -* **Abarim mountains** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **I spoke to you when you were safe** - AT: "I spoke to you when you were doing well" -* **This was your custom** - AT: "This was your way of life" -* **you have not listened to my voice** - AT: "you have not obeyed me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This idiom refers to shouting. In this case, they are crying out in grief. AT: "Cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Abarim mountains + +a mountain range that was southeast of Jerusalem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I spoke to you when you were safe + +"I spoke to you when you were doing well" + +# This was your custom + +"This was your way of life" + +# you have not listened to my voice + +Listening is a metonym for obeying. AT: "you have not obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/22.md b/jer/22/22.md index 39b308518b..71016f816f 100644 --- a/jer/22/22.md +++ b/jer/22/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This is a wordplay—Yahweh uses the idea of "shepherd" in two different ways. Here "shepherds" is a metaphor for the leaders of Jerusalem, and the wind "leads" them away. The wind represents Yahweh. AT: "I will take your leaders away as if the wind had blown them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# go into captivity -* **The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds** - AT: "Your leaders will be taken away" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **House of the Forest of Lebanon, you who nest among the cedars** - AT: "a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon" -* **how you will be pitied when the labor pains of anguish come on you like childbirth** - AT: "you will be pitied because of your pain" +"become captives" or "go into exile" + +# You who live in 'Lebanon,' who is nestled in cedar buildings + +Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as "Lebanon" and "cedar buildings" because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. AT: "You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You who live + +This "You" is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# how you will be pitied + +The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "they will greatly pity you" or 2) "you will groan greatly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when the labor pains come upon you, pain like that of a woman in labor + +The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. AT: "when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/24.md b/jer/22/24.md index 93f275cefa..ffc862e6aa 100644 --- a/jer/22/24.md +++ b/jer/22/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# As I live -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **As I live** - AT: "Surely" -* **Even if you Jehoiachin were the signet on my right hand, I would tear you off** - AT: "Even if you Jehoiachin were the signet on my right hand, I would tear you off from my hand" or "Jehoiachin, even if you were the king whom I had chosen as an expression of my power, I would still punish you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I have given you to the hand of the ones seeking your life** - AT: "I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# even if you ... were the signet on my right hand + +Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh's hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# the signet on my right hand + +A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. AT: "the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I would tear you off + +"I would tear you off from my hand" or "I would quickly pull you off of my hand" + +# I have given you to the hand of the ones seeking your life + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the hand of + +Here the metonym "hand" represents power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seeking your life + +This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). AT: "trying to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/27.md b/jer/22/27.md index 5e937363a3..cbf1fe0be2 100644 --- a/jer/22/27.md +++ b/jer/22/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# this land to which they will want to return -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +This refers to the land of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Is this a despised and shattered vessel? ... did not know? -* **This land to which they will want to return** - Refers to the land of Judah -* **Is this a despised and shattered vessel? Is this man Jehoiachin a pot that pleases no one?** - AT: "Jehoiachin is useless and no one is happy with him." (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why have they thrown him and his descendants out, and have poured them out into a land that they did not know?** - AT: "The people should have removed Jehoiachin and his family from the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +It is not clear who is speaking in verse 28. + +# Is this a despised and shattered vessel? Is this man Jehoiachin a pot that pleases no one? + +Jehoiachin is spoken of as a pot that was completely worthless and not liked by anyone. The questions emphasize that he has no value or friends. AT: "Jehoiachin is as useless as a broken vessel and no one is happy with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why have they thrown him and his descendants out, and have poured them out into a land that they did not know? + +This rhetorical question explains what will happen to the worthless Jehoiachin. AT: "Therefore the enemy will remove Jehoiachin and his family from the land and take them to a foreign land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# have poured them out + +Jehoiachin and his descendants are spoke of as if they had been poured out in another country like garbage from a vessel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/29.md b/jer/22/29.md index 7e20839158..9d0e0aea0f 100644 --- a/jer/22/29.md +++ b/jer/22/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Land, Land, Land -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. The title is repeated to call attention to the message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# He will be childless -* **Land, Land, Land** - Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **Hear the word of Yahweh** - AT: "obey the word of Yahweh" +Jehoiachin has several sons. This phrase, then, means it is as if he was childless. His children will not succeed him as king. AT: "It will be as if he did not have any children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sit on David's throne + +Sitting on a throne is a metonym for ruling as king. AT: "become king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/intro.md b/jer/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..556e5292c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Jeremiah 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Luxury and oppression ##### + +Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/01.md b/jer/23/01.md index bfc7a6875d..a892eac9ac 100644 --- a/jer/23/01.md +++ b/jer/23/01.md @@ -1,30 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +In verses 1-4, Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep, and the leaders of Israel as the shepherds. Shepherds have a duty to protect the sheep, but the leaders were not doing that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **the shepherds who destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture** - Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep and their leaders in Israel as the shepherds. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **You are scattering my flock and driving them away** - These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) -* **pay you back for the evil** - Yahweh refers to evil actions like a loan that was given and can be paid back. AT: "have revenge for the evil" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# You have scattered my flock and have driven them away + +These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/03.md b/jer/23/03.md index ef2760792a..8ae1e31329 100644 --- a/jer/23/03.md +++ b/jer/23/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Israel as if they were his sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were his shepherds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to a grazing place -* Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Israel as his sheep and the leaders of Israel as shepherds. -* **to a grazing place** - AT: "to where all their needs will be supplied" -* **dismayed** - a feeling of hopelessness. -* **fruitful and increase** - These two words mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **None of them** - "None of my people" +Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. AT: "to good pasture" or "to where all their needs will be supplied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will be fruitful and increase + +The word "increase" explains how they will be "fruitful." AT: "they will increase greatly in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will raise up + +"I will appoint" + +# they will no longer fear or be shattered + +The words "be shattered" mean that someone has caused them to be afraid and mean basically the same thing as "fear." This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will make them afraid anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# None of them + +"None of my people" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/05.md b/jer/23/05.md index 7e3a79b997..f410f63676 100644 --- a/jer/23/05.md +++ b/jer/23/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# days are coming -* **See** - AT: "Understand this" -* **days are coming** - A future time period is referred to as days because it will be a short period of time. The future is referred to as coming to say it will happen. AT: "this will happen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **a righteous branch** - AT: "a righteous descendant" Like a branch comes from a tree, this future leader will come from king David's family line. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he will bring prosperity** - When this future leader takes control, his people will become more successful. It will be like he brought success with him as a possession. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Judah will be rescued, and Israel will live in security** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) -* **Judah will be rescued** - AT: "He will rescue Judah from their enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +A future time is spoken of as if it were an object coming toward the speaker or the hearers. AT: "the time will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will raise up + +This idiom means he will appoint a successor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a righteous branch + +This future king descended from David is spoken of as if he were a branch grown on a tree. AT: "a righteous descendant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a righteous branch + +Some modern versions translate this as "a legitimate successor to the throne." + +# cause justice and righteousness in the land + +The abstract nouns "justice" and "righteousness" can be stated as actions. AT: "cause people to act justly and rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the land + +Here "land" refers to the people who live in the land. AT: "for all the people in the nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Judah will be rescued + +Here "Judah" refers to the people of Judah. AT: "the people of Judah will be rescued" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Judah will be rescued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will rescue Judah from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Israel will live in security + +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel will live in security" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will be called + +this refers to the king + +# Yahweh is our righteousness + +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as an action. AT: "Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/07.md b/jer/23/07.md index bf70f3b934..b98a66f57c 100644 --- a/jer/23/07.md +++ b/jer/23/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +These verses are very similar to [Jeremiah 16:14-15](../16/14.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated those verses. -## translationNotes +# see -* **As Yahweh lives** - This is a phrase used for an oath. -* **the northern land and all the lands where they had been driven** - This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries. +The word "see" here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows. + +# days are coming + +A future time is spoken of as if it were an object coming toward the speaker or the hearers. AT: "the time will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# As Yahweh lives + +"as surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who brought up and who led back + +These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. AT: "who brought back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the northern land and all the lands where they had been driven + +This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries. + +# Then they will live in their own land + +This refers to Israel, from where they were scattered. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Then they will live in their own land again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/09.md b/jer/23/09.md index 580dcb9abe..a24ec8b0d2 100644 --- a/jer/23/09.md +++ b/jer/23/09.md @@ -1,30 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:drunk|drunk]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +In verses 9-32 Jeremiah delivers Yahweh's message to the false prophets and the priests. Jeremiah is speaking in verse 9, but it is not clear if verse 10 are the words of Jeremiah or of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Regarding the prophets, my heart is broken in me, and all of my bones tremble -* The speaker has changed from Yahweh to Jeremiah. -* **Regarding the prophets, my heart is broken in me and all of my bones tremble,** - AT: "I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets" (See : [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I have become like a drunk man, like a man whom wine has overpowered** - AT: "I have lost control" (See : [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the land is full of adulterers** - This exaggeration is used to show the level of sinfulness which was present at the time of Jeremiah. (See : [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the land mourns** - The land suffers because of the people's sin. (See : [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The prophet speaks of his heart being broken and his bones trembling because he is afraid of the judgment that will result from the lies of the false prophets. AT: "I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my heart is broken in me + +This idiom refers to deep sadness. AT: "I am very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all of my bones tremble + +Here trembling is associated with fear. AT: "I am very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have become like a drunk man, like a man whom wine has overpowered + +People who are drunk are not able to control themselves. Likewise, Jeremiah has lost control of himself out of fear of Yahweh's punishment. AT: "I am like a drunk man; I cannot control myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the land is full of adulterers + +The land is spoken of as if it were a container and the adulterers were objects that filled the container completely. That is, everyone in the land is an adulterer, which in turn is an exaggeration for very many people being adulterers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# adulterers + +This word here probably has two senses. It has the literal meaning that the men in the nation had committed adultery against their own wives, and it also has the figurative meaning that they had abandoned Yahweh in order to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land is dried up + +Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase as "the land mourns." + +# These prophets' paths are wicked + +The wicked actions of the false prophets are spoken of as if they were walking on an evil path. AT: "These prophets are doing things that are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/11.md b/jer/23/11.md index 4cdfe02fd4..f0cea30710 100644 --- a/jer/23/11.md +++ b/jer/23/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh's message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# the prophets and the priests are polluted -* The speaker changes from Jeremiah to Yahweh. -* **the priests are polluted** - AT: "the priests are sinful" -* **in my house** - Here Yahweh's temple is compared to a house, a place where Yahweh is said to live among his people. (See : [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - "what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has said" -* **Like a slippery place in the darkness** - AT: "unstable, or dangerous" (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **in the year of their punishment** - AT: "when their time for punishment comes" +The prophets and priests are defiled by sin in the same way that water can be polluted by filth. AT: "the prophets and the priests are sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I even found their wickedness in my house! + +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as an action. AT: "I know that they have even acted wickedly in my temple!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in my house + +This refers to the temple in Jerusalem. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# their way will be like a slippery place in the darkness + +The danger of their actions is spoken of as if they were about to fall off the slippery edge of a cliff in the dark and injure themselves. AT: "there actions are unstable and dangerous, like walking on a slippery place in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will send disaster against them + +Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. AT: "I will cause them to experience disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the year of their punishment + +"when their time for punishment comes" or "when the time comes for me to punish them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/13.md b/jer/23/13.md index efc98363d1..17bd8d8d9b 100644 --- a/jer/23/13.md +++ b/jer/23/13.md @@ -1,24 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh's message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# led my people Israel astray -* **I have seen offensiveness** - AT: "I have seen sinfulness" or "I have seen wrongdoing." -* **off the right path** - led in the wrong direction morally or spiritually. (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **walk in deceit** - AT: "live in dishonesty" -* **strengthen the hands of evil doers** - AT: "they strengthen those who do evil" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **No one turns back from his evildoing** - AT: "They continue in their sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **All of them have become like Sodom ...like Gomorrah.** - AT: "They became very evil" (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I am about to make them eat wormwood and drink poisonous water** - wormwood was something that was bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way, wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh's judgment be on the evil prophets. (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **pollution has gone out from the prophets** - AT: "evil has come from the prophets" +The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. AT: "deceived my people, the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They commit adultery + +Possible meanings are 1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or 2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery. + +# walk in deceit + +This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. AT: "live in dishonesty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They strengthen the hands of evildoers + +Here "hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "They strengthen those who do evil" or "They encourage people who do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# no one turns back from his evildoing + +This can be state in positive form. AT: "everyone continues in their sin" + +# All of them have become like Sodom ... like Gomorrah + +Sodom and Gomorrah were cities that were so wicked that God destroyed them with fire from heaven. AT: "They all became as evil as Sodom ... as wicked as Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Look + +The word "look" here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows. + +# I am about to make them eat wormwood and drink poisonous water + +Wormwood is a plant that is very bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh's judgment be on the evil prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am about to + +"I will soon" + +# pollution has gone out from the prophets + +Here the evil teaching of the priests and false prophets is spoken of as if it were something filthy that ruined the land. AT: "evil has come from the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pollution + +dirty and unsafe things that spoil the air, water, or land where they are found \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/16.md b/jer/23/16.md index 99e493c983..e6355e5233 100644 --- a/jer/23/16.md +++ b/jer/23/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh's message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts says this -* **they have deluded you** - AT: "the prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true" -* **visions from their own minds** - AT: "visions they imagined" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **from Yahweh's mouth** - AT: "from Yahweh" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Yet who has stood in Yahweh's council meeting? Who sees and hears his word? Who pays attention to his word and listens?** - AT: "No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh's commands." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# They have deluded you! + +"The prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true!" + +# visions from their own minds + +Here "minds" refers to the thoughts of the false prophets. AT: "visions that they imagined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not from Yahweh's mouth + +Here "mouth" refers to what Yahweh said. AT: "not what Yahweh said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They are constantly saying + +The word "constantly" is an exaggeration to emphasize that this is what they normally say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# everyone walking in the stubbornness of his own heart says + +Here "heart" refers to their desires. To follow those desires is spoken of as walking in them. AT: "everyone stubbornly does whatever they desire to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Disaster will not come upon you + +"Nothing bad will happen to you" + +# Yet who has stood in Yahweh's council meeting? Who sees and hears his word? Who pays attention to his word and listens? + +These questions are used to rebuke the priests and false prophets for not obeying Yahweh. AT: "No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh's commands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# pays attention to his word and listens + +These two phrases mean the same thing. They can be combined in one phrase. AT: "obeys his word at all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/19.md b/jer/23/19.md index 5b36d50206..95fa7913f2 100644 --- a/jer/23/19.md +++ b/jer/23/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh's message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# there is a storm coming from Yahweh ... His fury is going out ... a tempest is whirling about -* **a tempest is whirling about** - AT: "it is like a great storm" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **It is whirling around the heads of the wicked** - AT: "It is coming upon the wicked" -* **it has carried out and brought into being his heart's intentions** - AT: "Yahweh's wrath will bring about all the punishment that he has planned" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +These three phrases all refer to a great storm that is a metaphor for Yahweh's anger. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "Yahweh's anger is coming like a great storm, going out with fury and whirling like a tempest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a tempest + +a violent windstorm + +# It is whirling around the heads of the wicked + +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a windstorm whirling around the wicked. AT: "It is coming upon the wicked like a windstorm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Yahweh's wrath will not return until it + +Yahweh's wrath is spoken of as if it were alive and could act on its own. AT: "Yahweh will not stop being angry until he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# carried out and brought into being his heart's intentions + +Here "heart's intentions" refers to the things that Yahweh wanted to happen. AT: "completed and accomplished all the punishment that he had planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the final days + +"the future" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/21.md b/jer/23/21.md index 71176cddec..5817823058 100644 --- a/jer/23/21.md +++ b/jer/23/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh's message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **if they had stood in my council meeting** - AT: "if they had truly listened to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +Yahweh is the speaker in verses 21-40. + +# they have still prophesied + +It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. AT: "they have prophesied falsely anyway" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# if they had stood in my council meeting + +Yahweh states what would have happened if the priests and false prophets had participated in Yahweh's council meeting in heaven. This hypothetical situation is impossible. AT: "if they had truly listened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# my council meeting + +In ancient times, God was thought to hold meetings with the angels in heaven. Yahweh is referring to this kind of meeting, which humans could not attend. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 23:18](./16.md). + +# to turn from + +This idiom means they would stop doing these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/23.md b/jer/23/23.md index 437ea7c365..411a82430f 100644 --- a/jer/23/23.md +++ b/jer/23/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). -## translationNotes +# Am I only a God nearby ... and not also a God far away? -* **Am I only a God nearby... and not also far away?** - AT : "I am a God that is both near and far away." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Can anyone hide in a secret place so I cannot see him?** - AT: "No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do I not fill the heavens and the earth?** - AT: "I am everywhere, both in the heavens and the earth." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not rule everywhere. AT: "I am not only a God who is here in Jerusalem ... but I am everywhere!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Can anyone hide in a secret place so I cannot see him? + +Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not see the evil that they were doing. AT: "No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# do I not fill the heavens and the earth? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is everywhere in heaven and on earth. AT: "I am everywhere, both in the heavens and on the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/25.md b/jer/23/25.md index 08e582c179..5b2a3ae0ce 100644 --- a/jer/23/25.md +++ b/jer/23/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:report]] +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). -## translationNotes +# prophesying deceit -* **How long will this go on, prophets who prophesy lies from their minds, and who prophesy from the deceit in their hearts?** - AT: "This should not continue, prophets who declare lies which they themselves have made up." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **making my people forget my name in favor of Baal's name** - "leading my people worship Baal instead of me" (See : [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "deceit" can be expressed as an adjective or an adverb. AT: "prophesying deceit things" or "prophesying deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in my name + +This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I had a dream! + +They meant that this dream was from God. This can be made explicit. AT: "I had a dream from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# How long will this go on, prophets who prophesy lies from their minds, and who prophesy from the deceit in their hearts? + +Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that this is something that should not continue. AT: "This should not continue, prophets declaring lies which they themselves have made up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# prophesy lies from their minds ... prophesy from the deceit in their hearts + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the false prophets made up their prophesies. AT: "prophesy things that come only from their own minds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# forget my name ... forgot my name + +Here the word "name" refers to the whole being of Yahweh. AT: "forget me ... forgot me" or "forget who I am ... forgot who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in favor of Baal's name + +Here "Baal's name" refers to the god Baal. AT: "leading my people to worship Baal instead of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/28.md b/jer/23/28.md index 1e588aca17..fc4be27e6f 100644 --- a/jer/23/28.md +++ b/jer/23/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). -## translationNotes +# What does straw have to do with grain? -* **What does straw have to do with grain?** - AT: "Straw and grain are two totally different things ." (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **"Is my word not like fire?"—this is Yahweh’s declaration, "and like a hammer smashing rock?** - AT: "My word is like fire: consuming and powerful", says Yahweh, "and like a hammer smashing rock." (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Straw was the worthless stems from which farmers separated the valuable grain. This question emphasizes the difference between false messages and messages from Yahweh. AT: "Straw and grain are two totally different things." or "Worthless straw is nothing like the valuable grain." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is not my word like fire? ... and like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces? + +Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that his word is much more powerful than the words of mere men. In that way, his word is like fire or a hammer. AT: "My word is powerful like fire ... and powerful like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I am against + +"I am opposed to" + +# steals words from another person + +This implies that the false prophets are thieves. They are so evil that they take each other's messages without permission rather than make up their own false messages. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/31.md b/jer/23/31.md index 4e1f722557..569cbe739a 100644 --- a/jer/23/31.md +++ b/jer/23/31.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). -## translationNotes +# See -* **who dream deceitfully** - "who claim to have dreams from God, but they are not from God. +This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Pay attention" + +# against the prophets + +"opposed to the prophets" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# who use their tongues + +Here "tongues" is a metonym for the ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who dream deceitfully + +"who claim to have dreams from God, but they are not from God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/33.md b/jer/23/33.md index 4d838c4477..b1169e2f8c 100644 --- a/jer/23/33.md +++ b/jer/23/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **What declaration?** - AT: "There is no declaration." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word "burden." Sometimes it means "a message" and other times it means "a heavy load to carry." This wordplay should be retained if possible. + +# asks you ... you will say + +These two instances of "you" are singular and refer to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# What is the burden of Yahweh? + +Here "burden" means a message or prophecy from Yahweh. + +# You are the burden ... cast you off + +These two instances of "you" are plural and refer to the false prophets and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You are the burden + +Here "burden" means a heavy load. This is a metaphor that means they annoy Yahweh and he no longer wants to put up with them. AT: "You are a burden that I am tired of carrying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# This is the burden of Yahweh + +Here "burden" means a message or prophecy from Yahweh. + +# his house + +Here "house" is a metonym for the family that lives inside it. AT: "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/35.md b/jer/23/35.md index 96cf0956dd..03730e6a94 100644 --- a/jer/23/35.md +++ b/jer/23/35.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **you have perverted the words of the living God** - AT: "you have changed the words of God to say what you want them to say" +In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word "burden." Sometimes it means "a message" and other times it means "a heavy load to carry." This wordplay should be retained if possible. + +# You continue to say ... 'What did Yahweh declare?' + +It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. AT: "Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, 'What did Yahweh answer?' and 'What did Yahweh declare?'" + +# But you must no longer talk about the 'burden of Yahweh,' for the burden is every man's own word + +Possible meaning are 1) both instances of "burden" mean "message." AT: "You must no longer call your visions the 'burden of Yahweh' because they are really only every man's own words" or 2) the first 'burden' means "message" and the second means "heavy load." AT: "You must no longer talk about the 'message of Yahweh' because the words that each of you speak are what is a 'heavy load.'" + +# you have perverted the words ... our God + +To "pervert" something is to twist or distort it. AT: "you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/37.md b/jer/23/37.md index 5337ecddba..f838ae9544 100644 --- a/jer/23/37.md +++ b/jer/23/37.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]] -* **What did Yahweh declare?** - AT: "What did Yahweh say" -* **therefore, see** - AT: "So pay attention" -* **I am about to pick you up and throw you away from me** - AT: "I am about to drive you away from me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that will not be forgotten** - AT: "that will last forever" +In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word "burden." Sometimes it means "a message" and other times it means "a heavy load to carry." This wordplay should be retained if possible. + +# This is what you will say + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# But if you say ... Because you have said ... when I sent to you ... You will not say ... pick you up ... throw you ... I gave you ... insult on you + +All of these instance of "you" are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# therefore, behold + +"therefore, pay attention." This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. + +# I am about to pick you up and throw you away from me + +Yahweh speaks of sending these priests and false prophets into exile as if they were an object that he was going to throw far away. AT: "I am about to drive you away from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the city that I gave you + +This refers to Jerusalem. + +# I will put everlasting shame and insult on you that will not be forgotten + +"I will cover you with shame that will last forever and insult that you will never forget" or "I will cause people to make fun of you forever. People will never forget that you were disgraced." Yahweh speaks of the humiliation of the priests and false prophets as if he would put shame and insult on them like clothing. + +# that will not be forgotten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/intro.md b/jer/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0c2296848 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Jeremiah 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 23:5-6, 9-24, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophesying lies ##### + +The false prophets had encouraged people to continue sinning by saying everything will be alright. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Wordplay ##### + +In Hebrew, the word for "message" can also mean "burden." In translations that are using footnotes, you may want to explain the wordplay in a footnote. In translations that are not using footnotes or which will primarily be distributed in an oral form, you may need a sentence like "What message has the Lord burdened you with now?" or "You (plural) call God's message a heavy burden on you." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/24/01.md b/jer/24/01.md index 16650334a5..af0bd403e2 100644 --- a/jer/24/01.md +++ b/jer/24/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# me -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +All instances of this pronoun refer to Jeremiah. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Jeremiah saw something interesting. -* **This vision happened...them to Babylon** - This part of the story is used to provide historical information to show when the events of the happened. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **craftsmen** - people skilled at building things. -* **metalworkers** - people skilled at creating things out of metal. +The word "Behold" here shows that Jeremiah saw something interesting. + +# This vision happened ... them to Babylon + +This part of the story is used to provide historical information to show when the events of the happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# craftsmen + +people skilled at building things + +# metalworkers + +people skilled at creating things out of metal + +# they could not be eaten ... they cannot be eaten + +These can be stated in active form. AT: "no one could eat them .. no one can eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/24/04.md b/jer/24/04.md index 0f2c9b84a2..1a19dc01d7 100644 --- a/jer/24/04.md +++ b/jer/24/04.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I will look on the exiles of Judah for their benefit -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **just like these good figs** - The good figs are those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I will set my eyes on them for good** - AT: "I will bless them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I will build them up, and not tear them down. I will plant them, and not uproot them** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See" [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) AT: "I will help them to prosper in Chaldea." -* **I will build them up, and not tear them down** - This expression compares the exiles to a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. AT: "I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will plant them, and not uproot them** - AT: "I will establish them in the land, and not remove them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they will turn to me with all their heart** - AT: "they will turn to me with their whole being" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "look on" is an idiom that means Yahweh will take care of them. AT: "I will take good care of the exiles of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# just like these good figs + +The good figs represent those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will set my eyes on them for good + +Here "set my eyes" means he will see them. Seeing them is a metonym for caring for them. AT: "I will bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will build them up, and not tear them down. I will plant them, and not uproot them + +These two metaphors have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. AT: "I will help them to prosper in Chaldea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will build them up, and not tear them down + +Yahweh speak of the exiles as a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. AT: "I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will plant them, and not uproot them + +Yahweh speak of the exiles as plants which Yahweh will plant in good soil and not pull out. AT: "I will establish them in the land, and not remove them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will give them a heart to know me + +Here "a heart" refers to their desires. AT: "I will cause them to desire to know me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will turn to me with all their heart + +Here "all their heart is an idiom that means "completely." AT: "they will turn to me completely" or "they will turn to me without reservation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/24/08.md b/jer/24/08.md index 4b6c45f640..6541643243 100644 --- a/jer/24/08.md +++ b/jer/24/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But like the bad figs that are too bad to be eaten -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +This simile speaks of the evil officials in Jerusalem as if they were bad figs that were too rotten to eat. Just as bad figs are useless, so these people who do not follow Yahweh are also useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# I will turn them into a frightening thing, a disaster ... a disgrace and a subject for proverbs, taunts, and curses -* **But like the bad figs that are too bad to be eaten** - This expression compares bad figs to bad people. Bad figs are figs which cannot be eaten and are useless, bad people do not follow Yahweh and are also useless. (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I will turn them into a frightening thing, a disaster** - Yahweh compares the coming judgment on the people of Jerusalem to something that will scare other people when they see it. (See : [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will send out sword, famine, and plague against them** - AT:"I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses." -* **I will send out sword** - AT: "I will send enemy armies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how thoroughly Yahweh will judge the people of Jerusalem. They will become something that will frighten other people when they see it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will send out sword, famine, and plague against them + +"I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses" + +# I will send out sword + +Here "sword" refers to war or enemy armies. AT: "I will send enemy armies" or "I will send out war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sword, famine, and plague + +These things are spoken of as if they were living things that could attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they are destroyed from the land + +"none of them remain in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/24/intro.md b/jer/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2442ddf2d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The exiles are blessed and the others punished ##### + +God will bless the people who were taken away into Babylon but punish the people left in the land because they still did not repent and turn to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/01.md b/jer/25/01.md index 99ce5cf8ae..0eb7814fec 100644 --- a/jer/25/01.md +++ b/jer/25/01.md @@ -1,34 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the word that came to Jeremiah -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim|Jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the fourth ... the first -* **the fourth year of Jehoiakim** - After Jehoiakim ruled for 3 years but before he finished his forth (4) year as king. -* **the first year of Nebuchadnezzar** - During the first year of Nebuchadnezzar's reign. -* **all the people of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem** - These were the last of the Israelites. The northern kingdom had already fallen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/03.md b/jer/25/03.md index a258d0a115..4d8b8b8e91 100644 --- a/jer/25/03.md +++ b/jer/25/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Amon -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Amon** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **until this day** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:07:24]]. -* **Yahweh's words have been coming to me** - AT: "Yahweh has given me his words to proclaim to you" -* **They were eager to go out** - AT: "They were eager to share God's words with you" -* **listen or pay attention** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:11:06]]. +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/05.md b/jer/25/05.md index d8910bd778..ddd6cc98e4 100644 --- a/jer/25/05.md +++ b/jer/25/05.md @@ -1,26 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Let each man turn from his wicked way and the corruption of his practices -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gift|gift]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +Jeremiah speaks of people who stop committing an action as if those people were turning away from that action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# his wicked way and the corruption of his practices -* **his wicked way and the corruption of his practices** - The terms "wicked way" and "corruption of his practices" mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **return to the land that Yahweh gave in ancient times to your ancestors and to you, as a permanent gift** - AT: "so that you can return to the land Yahweh promised to you and live in it forever" -* **do not provoke him with the work of your hands so that he does you harm** - AT: "do not make Yahweh angry with your evil works so he will punish you" +The terms "wicked way" and "corruption of his practices" mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the corruption of his practices + +"his corrupt practices" + +# do not walk after other gods + +Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. AT: "do not become devoted to other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not provoke him with the work of your hands + +The word "him" refers to Yahweh. Possible meanings for the phrase "the work of your hands" are 1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. AT: "do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made" or 2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word "hands" being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. AT: "do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/07.md b/jer/25/07.md index f96b0e927b..2a0589db23 100644 --- a/jer/25/07.md +++ b/jer/25/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:desolate|desolate, desolation]] -* [[en:tw:horror]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you -* **you have not listened to me** - AT: "you have not obeyed me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and bring them against this land** - God plans to use Nebuchadnezzar and his arms to punish Israel and surrounding nations for their rebellion against Yahweh. -* **see ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:17]]. -* **hissing** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:18:15]]. +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](./05.md). Possible meanings for the phrase "the work of your hands" are 1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. AT: "you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands" or 2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word "hands" being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. AT: "you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to do harm to you + +"so that I do harm to you" + +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# see + +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# bring them against this land + +The idiom to "bring ... against this land" means that they will attack the people who live in the land. AT: "bring them to attack this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will set them apart for destruction + +The idiom "set ... apart for destruction" means to destroy something completely. AT: "I will destroy them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will turn them into a horror + +The word "horror" may be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I will turn them into something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# an object for hissing + +The word "hissing" refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "an object at which people will hiss" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/10.md b/jer/25/10.md index 29c2e31503..896fe6f5f3 100644 --- a/jer/25/10.md +++ b/jer/25/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# millstones -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:bride|bride]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +These are two large, round stones used to grind grain. -## translationNotes +# the sound of joy and sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride -* **millstones ** - These are two large, round stones used to grind grain. -* **I will make all these things disappear from these nations** - This is a reference to the nations being destroyed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **these nations will serve the king of Babylon** - Be forced to pay tribute and sold into slavery. +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/33.md). + +# all of this land will become a desolation and a horror + +The words "desolation" and "horror" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I will cause this land to be desolate and something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/12.md b/jer/25/12.md index b4e0cbe93a..5733ac3792 100644 --- a/jer/25/12.md +++ b/jer/25/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# when seventy years have been completed -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans|Chaldea, Chaldean]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +"after seventy years" or "after seventy years have passed" -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **have been completed** - AT: "when their punishment is complete" -* **make it an unending desolation** - God vows to turn Babylon into a desert like wilderness. -* **for their deeds and the works of their hands** - God will cause them to receive the same punishment they inflicted on the nations they conquered. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# an unending desolation + +The noun "desolation" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "desolate forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# everything written in this book + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "everything that Jeremiah has written in this book" or "everything that one has written in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will repay them for their deeds and the works of their hands + +Yahweh speaks of punishing the people of the nations for what they have done as if he were paying them back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their deeds and the works of their hands + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The idiom "the works of their hands" refers to the actions of a person, with the word "hands" being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. AT: "everything that they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/15.md b/jer/25/15.md index 368848faba..57ff644ef5 100644 --- a/jer/25/15.md +++ b/jer/25/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Take this cup of the wine of fury -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh speaks of his extreme anger as if it were wine that fills a cup. AT: "Take this cup of wine that represents my fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# make all the nations ... drink it -* **cup of the wine of fury from my hand and make all the nations to which I am sending you drink it** - Yahweh is commanding punishment to start. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **make all the nations to which I am sending you drink it** - AT: "make the nations experience it" -* **they will drink and then stumble about and rant madly before the sword that I am sending out among them** - Those experiencing the consequences of Yahweh's severe punishment will act like crazy people. +The word "nations" represents the people of the nations. Yahweh speaks of people experiencing his fury as if they were to drink the wine that is in the cup. AT: "make all the people of the nations ... drink the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will drink and then stumble about and rant madly + +Yahweh speaks of the people being terrified about his fury as if they were drunk from drinking the wine from the cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before the sword that I am sending out among them + +Here the word "sword" represents war. AT: "because of the wars that I am causing to happen among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/17.md b/jer/25/17.md index c494791bf2..5f45107148 100644 --- a/jer/25/17.md +++ b/jer/25/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] +This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I made all the nations ... drink it -* This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's wrath as a drink to be poured out. -* **I made all the nations to which Yahweh had sent me drink it** - The action of drinking from the cup of wine symbolized God's judgment. -* **to turn them into ruins and something terrifying** - AT: "to destroy them" -* **for hissing and cursing** - AT: "to be despised or cursed" -* **they are at this present day** - There was apparently a period of time between when this was written and when it actually happened. +The word "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "I made all the people of the nations ... drink the wine from the cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# something terrifying + +The adjective "terrifying" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "something that terrifies people" + +# an object for hissing and cursing + +The word "hissing" refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both "hissing" and "cursing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "an object at which people hiss and which they curse" + +# they are at this present day + +Possible meanings are that this phrase 1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or 2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/19.md b/jer/25/19.md index 1d4367bb3d..63b661dc1c 100644 --- a/jer/25/19.md +++ b/jer/25/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:ashkelon]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Other nations also had to drink it -* Jeremiah lists all the nations that were to be judged (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **people of mixed heritage** - This is a reference to people with two parents from two different nations. AT: "mixed people" +The word "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# people of mixed heritage + +Possible meanings are 1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or 2) foreigners who lived in Egypt. + +# Uz + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/22.md b/jer/25/22.md index ff308a8748..683086d1b5 100644 --- a/jer/25/22.md +++ b/jer/25/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sidon|Sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:tyre|Tyre]] +This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the sea -* Jeremiah continues to list all the nations that were under God's judgement. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the sea** - This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea. -* **the ones who cut the hair on the sides of their heads** - This is likely a reference to Arabians who lived in the desert. +This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea. + +# Dedan, Tema, and Buz + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the ones who cut the hair on the sides of their heads + +This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as "all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/25.md). + +# they also had to drink it + +"they also had to drink the wine from the cup" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/24.md b/jer/25/24.md index e2041b330b..5f2e310912 100644 --- a/jer/25/24.md +++ b/jer/25/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:arabia]] -* [[en:tw:arabia|Arabia, Arabian]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:elam]] -* [[en:tw:elam|Elam]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:mede|Medes, Media]] +This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Zimri -* **drink it ** - This refers to the cup of wine in Jeremiah's vision that is symbolic of God's judgment. -* **Zimri ** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the kings of the north** - AT: "the kings from the north" +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# everyone with his brother + +This is an idiom that means every person, one after another. AT: "one after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all of them had to drink the cup from Yahweh's hand + +Here "the cup" is a metonym for the wine that it contains. AT: "all of these people had to drink the wine from the cup in Yahweh's hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/27.md b/jer/25/27.md index 82289a9b93..d6a50f970b 100644 --- a/jer/25/27.md +++ b/jer/25/27.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* The vision that God gave to the prophet Jeremiah continues. -* **Drink and become drunk, then vomit, fall down, and do not rise before the sword that I am sending among you.** - This shows the inevitability of the coming punishment and the futility of trying to avoid it. -* **the cup from your hand to drink** - AT: "their punishment" -* **"You must certainly drink it** - This is not a cup that nations can refuse to drink. Nations can not refuse God's Judgments of war and natural disasters. -* **drink it** - AT: be punished" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the city that is called by my name** - AT: "the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **should you yourselves be free from punishment? ** - AT: "you are to be punished." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I am calling a sword against all the inhabitants of the land** - AT: "I am punishing those who live in the land" +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# before the sword that I am sending among you + +Here the word "sword" represents war. AT: "before the wars that I am causing to happen among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the city that is called by my name + +This refers to Jerusalem and can be translated in active form. AT: "the city that I have called by my name" or "Jerusalem, which I have called by my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and should you yourselves be free from punishment? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people and to emphasize that he will certainly punish them. AT: "so do not think that you yourselves will be free from punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I am calling a sword against all the inhabitants of the land + +Here the word "sword" represents war. Yahweh speaks of declaring war against the people as if he were calling a sword against them. AT: "I am declaring war against all the inhabitants of the land" or "I am bringing war against all the inhabitants of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/30.md b/jer/25/30.md index 317a4583d6..48a9cfda7b 100644 --- a/jer/25/30.md +++ b/jer/25/30.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh will roar -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh shouting very loudly as if he were roaring like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# from the heights -* **He roars against his dwelling place** - AT: "He is about to bring punishment and destroy the temple" -* **to bring a lawsuit ** - AT: "to convict the nations" or "to judge and punish the nations" -* **He will administer justice to all flesh** - All the known nations will experience God's judgment. -* **to all flesh** - AT: "to all mankind" or "to all people" -* **hand over the wicked ones to the sword** - AT: "kill the evil people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This phrase is a metonym for heaven. AT: "from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will roar mightily against his fold + +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as if he were a lion and his people were a flock of sheep. The people will be helpless when Yahweh comes to punish them, as sheep are helpless when a lion attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who tread the grapes + +This refers to people who crush grapes in a winepress with their feet in order to make wine. + +# to the ends of the earth + +This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. AT: "to the farthest places on the earth" or "to everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# on all flesh + +Here the word "flesh" represents humanity. AT: "on all mankind" or "on all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will hand over the wicked ones to the sword + +Here the word "sword" represents war. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh causing people to die in battle as if he were placing those people under the sword's power. AT: "He will cause wicked people to die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/32.md b/jer/25/32.md index e6db082750..6e35bee076 100644 --- a/jer/25/32.md +++ b/jer/25/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts says this -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## translationNotes +# See -* **See** - AT: "Pay attention to this!" See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:05:14]] -* **a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth** - AT: "destruction is coming" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other** - AT: "will on that day cover the entire earth" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **They will be like dung on the ground ** - Possible meanings are 1) there were few or nobody left to bury the people or 2) there was a total lack of concern for the bodies of the dead. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# disaster is going out from nation to nation + +Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if "disaster" were a person who goes from nation to nation. AT: "great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth + +Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or 2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those killed by Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom Yahweh killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other + +By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. AT: "will on that day cover the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# they will not be mourned, gathered, or buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be like dung on the ground + +The bodies are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 16:4](../16/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/34.md b/jer/25/34.md index 8b687e4b62..e5e69afb72 100644 --- a/jer/25/34.md +++ b/jer/25/34.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# shepherds -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who are responsible for protecting and caring for the people, who, implicitly, are spoken of as if they are the sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Roll about in the dust -* **shepherds** - This is a reference to leaders of Israel. -* **Roll about on the ground ** - This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. -* **For your day** - AT: For your time" or "the time for you" -* **You will fall like chosen rams.** - AT: "You will easily be destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Refuge for the shepherds is gone** - There will be no hiding place to escape this judgment or destruction. -* ** Yahweh is devastating their pastures** - God's Judgment is on both the leaders and the people, no one will be spared. +This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# you leaders of the flock + +This phrase also refers to the leaders of Israel who are responsible to care for the people, who are spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. AT: "you leaders of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the days of your slaughter have come + +Usually it is the sheep that are slaughtered, but here Yahweh says that he will slaughter the shepherds. The word "slaughter" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "for the time has come for me to slaughter you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you will be scattered when you fall like fine pottery + +Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel being destroyed as if they are pieces of pottery that shatter when they fall to the ground. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will fall like fine pottery and your shattered pieces will scatter on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh is destroying their pastures + +Yahweh speaks of the nation in which the leaders think that they live peacefully as if it were the "pastures" in which they care for the sheep (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/37.md b/jer/25/37.md index 4fbf4b582d..6644f719f9 100644 --- a/jer/25/37.md +++ b/jer/25/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So the peaceful pastures will be devastated -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:horror]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Yahweh continues to speak of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds. Here he speaks of the nation as the "pastures" in which they think they live peacefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the peaceful pastures will be devastated because of Yahweh's fierce anger -* **So the peaceful pastures will be devastated** - "the peaceful pastures" is an expression for all the people in Israel. God will destroy the whole nation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Like a young lion, he has left his den, for** - Unlike other references where God is viewed as a protective lion toward Israel, here, God is pouring out his judgment on Israel. AT: "Yahweh is coming and" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be put into active form. AT: "Yahweh will devastate the peaceful pastures because of he extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Like a young lion, he has left his den + +Yahweh punishing his people in his extreme wrath is spoken of as if Yahweh were a lion who leaves his den in search of prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their land will become a horror + +The word "horror" may be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "their land will become something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the oppressor's anger + +This refers to the anger of Israel's enemies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/intro.md b/jer/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4c7269915 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Jeremiah 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 25:30-38, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seventy years ##### + +Babylon will rule over Judah for seventy years. Because Yahweh is just, he will soon punish Babylon for their evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +Jeremiah uses the idiom of drinking the cup of wine of God's punishment to say that Babylon will destroy all the surrounding nations and then be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/01.md b/jer/26/01.md index dacc76c128..488b004098 100644 --- a/jer/26/01.md +++ b/jer/26/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# this word came from Yahweh, saying -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard, court]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim|Jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 18:1](../18/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This message came from Yahweh. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# this word came from Yahweh, saying -* **cities of Judah** - AT: "people from the cities of Judah" -* **Do not cut short any word!** - AT : "Do not leave anything out from what I've told you!" -* **so I will relent concerning the disaster** - This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them. +It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. AT: "this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# cities of Judah + +The word "cities" is a metonym for the people who live in the city. AT: "people from the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not cut short any word! + +"Do not leave anything out from what I have told you!" + +# each man will turn from his wicked ways + +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a "way" or path along which the person walks. AT: "each man will stop his wicked way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so I will relent concerning the disaster + +This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them. + +# the wickedness of their practices + +"the wicked way that they live" or "the wicked things that they do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/04.md b/jer/26/04.md index ba7ea5e198..77b5c1df19 100644 --- a/jer/26/04.md +++ b/jer/26/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# If you do not listen to me so as to walk in my law that I have placed before you -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a path along which the person walks. AT: "If you do not obey me and the law that I have given you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# then I will make this house like Shiloh -* **If you do not listen to me so as to walk in my law that I have placed before you** - AT: "If you do not obey me and the law that I have given you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **then I will make this house like Shiloh** - "then I will destroy the temple" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I will turn this city into a curse** - This refers to the punishment that Yahweh will cause to happen to Jerusalem. -* **in the sight of all the nations on earth** - AT: "for all the nations to witness" +Yahweh had destroyed a place of worship at Shiloh, and he was threatening to destroy this place of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will turn this city into a curse + +What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. AT: "I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the sight of all the nations on earth + +"so that all the nations on earth can see me do it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/07.md b/jer/26/07.md index 0c02d7e665..05f0c22367 100644 --- a/jer/26/07.md +++ b/jer/26/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's house -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +the temple -## translationNotes +# all the people seized him and said, "You will certainly die! -* **Yahweh's house** - "the temple" -* **all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die!** - Possible meanings are 1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth or 2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray. -* **Why have you prophesied in Yahweh's name and said that this house will become like Shiloh and this city will become desolate, with no inhabitant?** - This is a rebuke. AT: "You should not have prophesied in Yahweh's name that his temple would be destroyed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or 2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray. + +# Why have you prophesied ... inhabitant? + +This rebuke can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have prophesied ... inhabitant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/10.md b/jer/26/10.md index 5168c7122c..71811914a5 100644 --- a/jer/26/10.md +++ b/jer/26/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the New Gate -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +the name of the gate through which people went into the temple -## translationNotes +# you heard with your own ears -* **official** - This is a person who has a position of authority. -* **the New Gate** - This was a specific entrance into the Temple. -* **you heard with your own ears** - AT: "you heard" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **this house and this city** - "the people in Yahweh's temple and the city of Jerusalem" +"you heard" + +# this house and this city + +"the people who worship in Yahweh's temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/13.md b/jer/26/13.md index bbbe674613..f2e4c9d08b 100644 --- a/jer/26/13.md +++ b/jer/26/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# your ways ... your practices -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +These two phrases mean almost the same thing. AT: "the things you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# listen to the voice of Yahweh -* **So now, improve your ways and your practices** - the people had reverted to offering sacrifices to Yahweh to appease Him. But They were not interested in following Yahweh's laws or knowing Him. -* **listen to the voice of Yahweh** - AT: "obey Yahweh" -* **Do to me what is good and right in your eyes.** - AT: "Do to me whatever you think is good and right." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **for your ears** - AT: "for you to hear" +The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated "listen" or "obey." AT: "obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Do to me what is good and right in your eyes + +The words "good" and "right" mean the same thing. The eye is a metonym for the person's thoughts. AT: "Do to me whatever you think is the right thing to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you are bringing innocent blood on yourselves and on this city and its inhabitants + +Blood is a metonym for violent death, and to bring blood on someone is to make them guilty of violent death. AT: "you are making yourselves and this city and its inhabitants guilty of the violent death of an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this city and its inhabitants + +These are two ways of speaking of the same people, perhaps first as a group and then as individuals. The city is a metonym for the people in the city. AT: "all the people in the city and every one of the people who live here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# for your ears + +The ear is a metonym for what the ear hears. AT: "for you to hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/16.md b/jer/26/16.md index 01527fbe90..2510979f9a 100644 --- a/jer/26/16.md +++ b/jer/26/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# in the name of Yahweh our God -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] - -## translationNotes - -* **It is not right for this man to die** - The elders acknowledge that Jeremiah's message came from God and acted accordingly. -* **in the name of Yahweh our God ** - "with the authority of Yahweh our God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The person's name is a metonym for his authority. AT: "with the authority of Yahweh our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/18.md b/jer/26/18.md index 210fdfec0f..36fa055617 100644 --- a/jer/26/18.md +++ b/jer/26/18.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:micah]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## translationNotes +# Morashite -* See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] -* **Zion will be plowed like a field** - AT: "Zion will be destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the temple mount** - This is a reference to the mountain that the Temple is located on. -* **thickets** - This term refers to groups of bushes or small trees growing closely together. -* **Did Hezekiah king of Judah and all of Judah put him to death?** - AT: "Hezekiah, king of Judah and the people of Judah did not put Micah to death." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did he not fear Yahweh and appease the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh would relent concerning the disaster that he proclaimed to them?** - AT: "He feared Yahweh and made Yahweh less angry so that Yahweh would change his mind about the disaster that he said he would send." -* **appease the face of Yahweh** - AT: "lessen Yahweh's anger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **So will we do greater evil against our own lives?”** - AT: "If we kill Jeremiah, we will bring greater evil on ourselves." +a person from the town or region of Moresheth + +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Zion will become a plowed field ... and the hill of the temple will become a thicket + +"Zion" and "the hill of the temple" refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Did Hezekiah ... put him to death? + +The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. AT: "You know very well that Hezekiah ... did not put him to death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# all of Judah + +The land is a metonym for the people who live there. AT: "all the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Did he not fear Yahweh and appease the face of Yahweh ... them? + +The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. AT: "You know very well that he feared Yahweh and appeased the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh ... them." + +# appease the face of Yahweh + +The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "cause Yahweh to be less angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# So will we do greater evil against our own lives? + +The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. The word "lives" is a metonym for the people. AT: "If we kill Jeremiah, we will do greater evil against our own lives." or "We do not want to do worse things to ourselves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/20.md b/jer/26/20.md index 081a7c0c9d..de743bc53c 100644 --- a/jer/26/20.md +++ b/jer/26/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim|Jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] +Jeremiah stops telling about his own life and begins telling about what happened to another prophet. -## translationNotes +# Meanwhile -* A second prophet, Uriah, confirms Jeremiah's words -* **in the name of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:26:16]] -* **officials heard his word ** - AT: "officials listened to what Uriah said" +"While what I was just telling you about was happening" + +# in the name of Yahweh + +The person's name is a metonym for his authority. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:16](./16.md). AT: "with the authority of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prophesied against this city and this land + +The words "city" and "land" are metonyms for the people who live there. AT: "prophesied that bad things would happen to the people who lived in this city and this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# heard his word + +"heard what he said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/22.md b/jer/26/22.md index 3eaaf90b05..b4107c9c55 100644 --- a/jer/26/22.md +++ b/jer/26/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb, grave, burial place]] +This is the end of the story of Uriah. -## translationNotes +# Elnathan ... Akbor ... Ahikam ... Shaphan -* Uriah dies a prophet's death in Jerusalem. -* **corpse** - AT: "dead body" -* **the hand of Ahikam ** - Ahikam supported Jeremiah and protected him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Elnathan son of Achbor...Ahikam son of Shaphan** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **so he was not placed into the hands of the people for them to put him to death** - AT: "so the people were not able to kill him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# corpse + +"dead body" + +# the hand of Ahikam ... was with Jeremiah + +The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Ahikam was not a soldier, so he probably was able to talk to people and change their minds. AT: "Ahikam ... was able to help Jeremiah" or "Ahikam ... was able to keep the people from harming Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he was not given into the hand of the people to be put to death + +The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Ahikam did not allow the people to have the power to put Jeremiah to death" or "the people could not kill Jeremiah because Ahikam did not give them the power to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/intro.md b/jer/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b4a9f27f28 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 26 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The people want to kill Jeremiah ##### + +The people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/01.md b/jer/27/01.md index 23d0f69700..88e735e92a 100644 --- a/jer/27/01.md +++ b/jer/27/01.md @@ -1,34 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# fetters -* [[en:tw:ambassador]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +things that keep a person from moving freely -## translationNotes +# Then send them out -* **Jehoiakim son of Josiah** - Some translations use Zedekiah instead of Jehoiakim. -* **fetters** - This is something to keep a person from moving freely. -* **Then send them out** - Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. -* **Give commands to them for their masters** - Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke. +This seems to mean that Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. But some versions of the Bible translate this as "Then send out messages." + +# Send them by the hand of those kings' ambassadors who ... Judah + +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "Have those kings' ambassadors, who ... Judah, take them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Give commands to them for their masters + +Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke. + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/05.md b/jer/27/05.md index 485e683576..ee41bf6147 100644 --- a/jer/27/05.md +++ b/jer/27/05.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# by my great strength and my raised arm -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] +The phrase "raised arm" refers to great power and intensifies the first phrase. AT: "by my very great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# I give it to anyone who is right in my eyes -* **by my great strength and my raised arm ** - Both phrases have a similar meaning and are used together to emphasize Yahweh's power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **I give it to anyone who is right in my eyes ** - "I give it to anyone I want to." -* **subdue him** - will become strong and defeat Babylon. +Another possible meaning is "I give it to anyone I want to." + +# I ... am giving all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar ... servant + +The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, and the word "lands" is a metonym for the people who live in those lands. AT: "I ... am putting the people who live in all these lands under the power of Nebuchadnezzar ... servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the time for his land comes + +You may need to make explicit the nature of the time. AT: "the time for me to destroy his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# subdue him + +Here "him" refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents the kingdom of Babylon. AT: "will defeat Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/08.md b/jer/27/08.md index 61ae543c62..e9990a67fa 100644 --- a/jer/27/08.md +++ b/jer/27/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that does not put its neck under the yoke of the king -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Being the king's slave is spoken of as being an animal on to the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. AT: "and whose people do not willingly become slaves of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **that does not put his neck into the yoke of the king** - Those that do not swear allegiance to the king of Nebuchadnezzar and pay tribute or taxes to the king. -* **by his hand** - This phrase refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his armies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - AT: "This is what Yahweh says will happen" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I have destroyed them by his hand + +The hand here could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar's power, or it could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar's armies. AT: "I have used Nebuchadnezzar's power to destroy them" or "I have enabled Nebuchadnezzar's armies to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/09.md b/jer/27/09.md index 43eb425ab8..ec6e333554 100644 --- a/jer/27/09.md +++ b/jer/27/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] +Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the people of Judah -## translationNotes +# soothsayers -* Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the people of Judah -* **soothsayer** - This is someone who makes predictions about the future. -* **But the nation that places its neck into the yoke of the king** - AT: "But the nation who serves the king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **cultivate** - This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops -* **make their homes in it** - AT: "make Babylon their home" +people who say what will happen in the future + +# the nation that places its neck under the yoke of the king + +Being the king's slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](./08.md). AT: "the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the nation that places + +The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. AT: "the nation of people who place" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# cultivate + +This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops + +# make their homes in it + +"make their homes in their own land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/12.md b/jer/27/12.md index 0e5c88ff0f..d979f5ac88 100644 --- a/jer/27/12.md +++ b/jer/27/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon -* Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king of Judah. -* **Quit listening to your...** - Quit listening to your... God is telling them to stop listening to all the false prophets that do not speak for Yahweh. -* **Place your necks into the yoke of the king of Babylon** - God is requiring Judah to submit and serve Babylon as their king. -* **Why will you die—you and your people—by the sword, famine, and plague, just as I have declared about the nation that refuses to serve the king of Babylon?** - AT: "You will die, you and your people, by the sword, famine, and plague, just as I have declared, if you do not serve the king of Babylon." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Being the king's slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../28/08.md). + +# Place your necks + +The word "your" refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Why will you die ... king of Babylon? + +Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. AT: "For if you do not do this, you will surely die ... king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/14.md b/jer/27/14.md index 98f2865560..ce9d29e732 100644 --- a/jer/27/14.md +++ b/jer/27/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king and people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Do not listen to the words -* Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king and people of Judah. -* **Do not listen to the words...** - Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that He did not send that are lying to them. -* **For I have not sent them out"** - "For I have not sent them" -* **in my name** - This phrase means speaking with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will drive you out ** - AT: "I will send you away from your home country" +Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them. + +# For I have not sent them out + +"For I have not sent them" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# they are prophesying deceit in my name + +The phrase "in my name" represents speaking with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. The abstract noun "deceit" can be translated as the verb "deceiving." AT: "they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will drive you out + +"I will force you to leave your home country" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/16.md b/jer/27/16.md index 61c7b341c0..72b8889eb5 100644 --- a/jer/27/16.md +++ b/jer/27/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# The objects belonging to Yahweh's house are being returned from Babylon now! -* Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh. -* **The objects belonging to Yahweh's house are being returned from Babylon now!** - AT: "People from Babylon are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh's temple!" -* **Why should this city become a ruin?** - AT: "This entire city will be destroyed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If they are prophets...** - If what they speak is true, then they should be praying that my words do not come to pass and that the temple objects and leaders remain in Jerusalem. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh's temple!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Why should this city become a ruin? + +Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. AT: "You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If they are prophets, and if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them, let them beg + +This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh knows is not true. AT: "If they were prophets, and if the word of Yahweh had truly come to them, they would beg" or "Because they are not prophets and the word of Yahweh has not truly come to them, they will not beg" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them + +The phrase "word of Yahweh" refers to messages from God. AT: "if Yahweh has truly given them messages" or "if Yahweh truly spoke messages to them" + +# the word of Yahweh ... beg Yahweh of hosts not + +Yahweh is speaking of himself in third person. AT: "my word ... be me, Yahweh of hosts, not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the house of the king of Judah + +The word "house" has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. AT: "the palace of the king of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/19.md b/jer/27/19.md index de7f03f26a..44e3eb7340 100644 --- a/jer/27/19.md +++ b/jer/27/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim|Jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:noble|noble, nobleman]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] +Jeremiah continues to bring the message of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts says this -* Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh. -* **the pillars, the sea, and the base ** - These were objects that were in the temple. The “sea,” was a molten bronze basin. +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# the pillars, the large basin known as "The Sea" and its base + +These were objects that were in the temple. "The Sea" was a large bronze bowl. + +# Jehoiachin + +The Hebrew text has "Jeconiah," which is a variation of the name "Jehoiachin." Many modern versions have "Jehoiachin" in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/21.md b/jer/27/21.md index a2ad151cea..5e76798ed9 100644 --- a/jer/27/21.md +++ b/jer/27/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] +Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh. -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# the house of the king of Judah + +The word "house" has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace there the king lived. AT: "the palace of the king of Judah" + +# They will be brought to Babylon + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "People will bring them to Babylon" or "I will bring them to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will bring them up + +The reader should understand that Yahweh will have people carry them up. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/intro.md b/jer/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0eda13edb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The nations should serve Babylon ##### + +Jeremiah told the king of Judah, and all the surrounding nations, to serve the Babylonians and live in their land. If they refused, Babylon would take them as captives to another land. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/01.md b/jer/28/01.md index cfed84dad0..ca0c8e9e6e 100644 --- a/jer/28/01.md +++ b/jer/28/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hananiah]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +Hananiah claims to speak for God. -## translationNotes +# in the fourth year and the fifth month -* Hananiah claims to speak for God. -* **in the fourth year and the fifth month** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **Azzur** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Babylon** - AT: "I have stopped the control of the king of Babylon" +This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. This was after Zedekiah had been king for three years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Azzur + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Babylon + +Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. AT: "I have made it so you are no longer slaves of the king of Babylon" or "I have set you free from slavery to the king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/03.md b/jer/28/03.md index 37b3f92e67..d7aba94093 100644 --- a/jer/28/03.md +++ b/jer/28/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] +Hananiah continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# Jehoiachin -* Hananiah continues to speak. -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +The Hebrew text has "Jeconiah," which is a variation of the name "Jehoiachin." Many modern versions have "Jehoiachin" in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. + +# who were sent + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "whom I sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/05.md b/jer/28/05.md index a25e32cc8b..a1780b5ee3 100644 --- a/jer/28/05.md +++ b/jer/28/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# May Yahweh confirm the words that you prophesied -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:hananiah]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this passage. +"May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/08.md b/jer/28/08.md index a7d8c55fbf..ada425c420 100644 --- a/jer/28/08.md +++ b/jer/28/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The prophets who existed before me and you from long ago -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"The prophets who lived long ago before you and I" -## translationNotes +# then it will be known that he is indeed a prophet sent out by Yahweh -* **The prophets who existed before me and you** - AT: "The prophets who lived before you and me many years ago" -* **then it will be known that he is indeed a prophet sent out by Yahweh** - AT: "then you will know that he is a true prophet of Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "then you will know that he is indeed a true prophet and that Yahweh has sent him out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/10.md b/jer/28/10.md index 34c4fb3a05..f73ba06702 100644 --- a/jer/28/10.md +++ b/jer/28/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Just like this -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +"Just as Hananiah has taken the yoke off Jeremiah's neck" -## translationNotes +# I will break from off the neck of every nation the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon -* There are no notes for this passage. +Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. AT: "I will make it so all nations are no longer slaves of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon" or "I will set every nation free from slavery to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every nation + +The word "nation" is a metonym for the people of that nation. AT: "the people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the yoke that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has imposed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# imposed + +put on people \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/12.md b/jer/28/12.md index c475c4cb1d..c8857658a8 100644 --- a/jer/28/12.md +++ b/jer/28/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# You broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **you broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron** - AT: "you broke a weak yoke but I will make a yoke which cannot be broken" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"You broke a weak yoke but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break" + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# I have placed a yoke of iron on the neck of all of these nations to serve Nebuchadnezzar + +Yahweh speaks of making nations to be slaves of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were putting yokes on oxen to make them do heavy work. AT: "I have made all of these nations slaves, and they will have to serve Nebuchadnezzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/15.md b/jer/28/15.md index e425e71a92..87ac898864 100644 --- a/jer/28/15.md +++ b/jer/28/15.md @@ -1,22 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# you proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:hananiah]] -* [[en:tw:hananiah|Hananiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. AT: "you urged people to rebel against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# In the seventh month -* **in the seventh month** - See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]] +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/intro.md b/jer/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0263a6d8d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### False prophecies continue ##### + +A false prophet prophesied that the captives would return from Babylon with all the temple vessels. Jeremiah told the false prophet that he would die that year for prophesying lies, and he did die. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/01.md b/jer/29/01.md index aa6d634a4d..5ba4465579 100644 --- a/jer/29/01.md +++ b/jer/29/01.md @@ -1,43 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# sent out from Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:exile|exile, the Exile]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin|Jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:queen|queen]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah|Zedekiah]] +"proclaimed from Jerusalem" -## translationNotes +# remaining elders -* **sent out from Jerusalem** - AT: "proclaimed from Jerusalem" -* **the queen mother** - This title is often used for the king's mother. -* **high officials** - AT: "very important officials" -* **Elasah son of Shapan and Gemariah son of Hilkiah** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"elders who were still alive" + +# Jehoiachin + +The Hebrew text has "Jeconiah," which is a variation of the name "Jehoiachin." Many modern versions have "Jehoiachin" in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. + +# the queen mother + +the king's mother + +# high officials + +"very important officials" + +# by the hand of Elasah + +Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Elasah ... Shapan ... Gemariah ... Hilkiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/04.md b/jer/29/04.md index b302c34fbd..a2992cca06 100644 --- a/jer/29/04.md +++ b/jer/29/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, says this to all the captives -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +When people wrote letters in that society, they would write their name first, then the name of the person to whom they were writing, and then the main part of the letter. Yahweh speaks of himself by name as if he were writing the letter himself. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* **whom I caused** - AT: "whom he caused" or "whom Yahweh caused" -* **Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and eat their fruit** - Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and eat their fruit + +Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/06.md b/jer/29/06.md index dbcb3b8ea0..c880bd0cc4 100644 --- a/jer/29/06.md +++ b/jer/29/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands -* [[en:tw:intercede]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] +Parents commonly arranged their children's marriages. -## translationNotes +# Seek the peace of the city -* **take wives for your sons** - AT: "have your sons get married" -* **give your daughters to husbands** - AT: "allow your daughters to marry" -* **its..it** - This refers to the city of Babylon. -* **Seek the peace of the city** - seek to Live peaceably with all people. Implying not to cause trouble and rebel against the authority. +The peace of the city is a metonym for the people living in peace. AT: "Do everything you can so the people of the city live in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the city ... its behalf ... it is at peace + +These words refer to the city of Babylon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/08.md b/jer/29/08.md index 8780326aef..465a72211d 100644 --- a/jer/29/08.md +++ b/jer/29/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:divination|divination, diviner]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:dream|dream]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the captive Israelites. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* Yahweh continues speaking to the captive Israelites. -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]] +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# you yourselves are having + +Another possible meaning is "you are encouraging the prophets to have for you." + +# they are prophesying deceitfully ... I did not send them + +Possible meanings are 1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or 2) "they are prophesying deceitfully" refers to the dreams, and "I did not send them" refers to the prophets and diviners. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/10.md b/jer/29/10.md index 88536367c4..f698fa9dc1 100644 --- a/jer/29/10.md +++ b/jer/29/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you -* Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel. -* **you** - This refers to the captive Isrealites. -* **seventy years** - AT: " 70 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) +the captive Israelites + +# seventy years + +"70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/12.md b/jer/29/12.md index 9753837f1f..7ca962e1d7 100644 --- a/jer/29/12.md +++ b/jer/29/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you will call to me -* Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel. -* **call to me, and go and pray to me** - AT: "pray to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **I will listen to you** - This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **I will bring back your fortunes** - AT: "I will cause things to go well for you again" +Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will listen to you + +This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you will seek me + +Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. AT: "you will want to do what I require you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will seek me with all your heart + +"you will be completely sincere when you seek me" + +# I will be found by you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will allow you to find me" or "you will be able to find me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will bring back your fortunes + +"I will cause things to go well for you again" or "I will cause you to live well again" + +# I caused you to be exiled + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I sent you into exile" or "I sent you to be exiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/15.md b/jer/29/15.md index 930bdd5a6c..843f8fca09 100644 --- a/jer/29/15.md +++ b/jer/29/15.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fig|fig]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] +Jeremiah speaks to the captive Israelites. -## translationNotes +# the king who sits on the throne of David -* Jeremiah speaks to the captive Israelites. -* **who sits on the throne of David** - This is a reference to the king of Judah who is one of David's descendants. -* **See ** - AT: "Look" or "listen" or "pay attention" -* **I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them** - "Sword" represents warfare. AT: "I am going to punish them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **For I will make them like rotten figs that are too bad to be eaten ** - AT: "I will punish them harshly" or "I will make their life bad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. AT: "the king who rules the Israelites as David did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# See + +This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them + +The word "sword" is a metonym for war. The sword, famine, and disease are spoken of as people who can obey Yahweh's command to harm the Israelites. AT: "I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# For I will make them like rotten figs that are too bad to be eaten + +Rotten figs are useless because they cannot be eaten, and Yahweh sees no use for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/18.md b/jer/29/18.md index 9422b89203..f00e8e0749 100644 --- a/jer/29/18.md +++ b/jer/29/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Israel. -## translationNotes +# a horror, an object of curses and hissing, and a shameful thing -* **a horrible sight to all the kingdoms on earth—a horror, an object about curses and hissed words, and a shameful thing among all the nations** - AT: "make her despised among the nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **hissed words** - Hissing sounds like a snake and means strong disgust. -* **listen** - AT: "obey" +These words all share similar meanings and describe how the people of other nations will react when they see what Yahweh has done to the people of Judah. + +# hissing + +the sound people make when they disapprove of something + +# listen + +"obey" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/20.md b/jer/29/20.md index c1eddd8234..5cbb3e85ef 100644 --- a/jer/29/20.md +++ b/jer/29/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So you yourselves listen -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:ahab|Ahab]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. AT: "But as for you, listen carefully" -## translationNotes +# Kolaiah ... Maaseiah -* **Kolaiah, Maaseiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **See** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”. -* **I am about to hand them over** - AT: “I am allowing their enemies to conquer them” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who prophesy falsely to you in my name + +Here "name" is a metonym for the person. AT: "liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# See + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I am about to put them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon + +Here "hand" is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. AT: "I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before your eyes + +"where you can see him do it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/22.md b/jer/29/22.md index 918dfd4f91..ff0c1bfa8a 100644 --- a/jer/29/22.md +++ b/jer/29/22.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# roasted -* **a curse will be spoken about these persons** - "The captives of Judah will say a curse about these persons" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **roasted in fire** - AT: "burned to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **I am the one who knows; I am the witness** - These clauses mean the same thing and Yahweh repeats them for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. Possible meanings are 1) this is a euphemism. AT: "burned to death" or 2) the king's men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I am the one who knows; I am the witness + +These two clauses mean the same thing, and Yahweh repeats them for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/24.md b/jer/29/24.md index 8e8f9c2777..75b530fac8 100644 --- a/jer/29/24.md +++ b/jer/29/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Shemaiah ... Maaseiah ... Jehoiada -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:zephaniah]] -* [[en:tw:zephaniah|Zephaniah]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Nehelamite -* **Shemaiah, Maaseiah, Jehoiada** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Nehelamite** - This is the name of a people group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in your own name** - "Name" refers to a person's authority and reputation. AT: "based on your own authority and reputation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **stocks** - This is a wooden frame to punish a person which holds the feet, hands, or head. +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# in your own name + +The word "name" refers to a person's authority and reputation. AT: "based on your own authority and reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stocks + +a wooden frame that holds the feet, hands, or head of a person whom someone is punishing \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/27.md b/jer/29/27.md index 1c09c9aa7a..201e78f274 100644 --- a/jer/29/27.md +++ b/jer/29/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Zephaniah]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] +This finishes the letter by Shemaiah that he sent out to the people in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth ... against you? -* This finishes the letter by Shemaiah that he sent out to the people in Jerusalem. -* **why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth, who makes himself into a prophet against you?** - AT: "you should have rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth, who makes himself into a prophet speaking against you." -* **Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:29:04]] +Shemaiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the people of Jerusalem for not rebuking Jeremiah. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I want you to rebuke Jeremiah of Anathoth ... against you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he has sent to us + +You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. AT: "he has sent a message to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit + +See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:5](./04.md). + +# in the hearing of Jeremiah the prophet + +"so that Jeremiah the prophet could hear him read it." See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/30.md b/jer/29/30.md index 23e6d7e73b..c931fb3e59 100644 --- a/jer/29/30.md +++ b/jer/29/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:faithless|faithless, faithlessness]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Shemaiah the Nehelamite -* **Shemaiah the Nehelamite** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:29:24]]. -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 29:24](./24.md). + +# the good + +This can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "the good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he has proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh + +It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. AT: "he has urged people to rebel against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/intro.md b/jer/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e85577bd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 29 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Two letters ##### + +Jeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/01.md b/jer/30/01.md index ec82d49a88..da294854a9 100644 --- a/jer/30/01.md +++ b/jer/30/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:scroll|scroll]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# For look -* **Write for yourself in a scroll all the words that I have declared to you ** - "Write in a scroll the message that I spoke to you" -* **For look** - "For listen carefully." This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going say next. -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **I will restore the fortunes of my people** - "I will cause things to go well for my people again" +"For listen carefully." This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next. + +# days are coming ... when I will restore the fortunes + +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will restore the fortunes" or "there will be a time ... when I will restore the fortunes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah + +"I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again" or "I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again." See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/04.md b/jer/30/04.md index 92fa8c8ab4..b78259dead 100644 --- a/jer/30/04.md +++ b/jer/30/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# We have heard -* **We have heard** - The word "we" refers to Yahweh. He often refers to himself as "we." -* **a trembling voice of dread and not of peace** - AT: "people cry out in fear because there was no peace." Some versions have "you." +Possible meanings are 1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as "we." AT: "I have heard" or 2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. AT: "You people of Jerusalem say, 'We have heard'" + +# a trembling voice of dread and not of peace + +Possible meanings are 1) "people cry out in dread because there is no peace" or 2) "you cry out in dread because there is no peace." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/06.md b/jer/30/06.md index 06ab8182fd..c16452988f 100644 --- a/jer/30/06.md +++ b/jer/30/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Ask and see if a man bears a child -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] +"You know that no man has ever given birth to a child" -## translationNotes +# Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale? -* **Ask and see if a man bears a child** - AT: "No man has ever given birth to a child" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins? Like a woman bearing a child, why have all their faces become pale?** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize how afraid the men are. AT: "Yet, the young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it** - AT: "for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. AT: "The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it + +The name Jacob is a metonym for the man's descendants. This can be translated in active form. AT: "for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/08.md b/jer/30/08.md index 6a9a9ca07d..c17ad992af 100644 --- a/jer/30/08.md +++ b/jer/30/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|david]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:enslave|enslave, in bondage]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] -* [[en:tw:yoke|yoke]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains -* Yahweh continues to speak to the Israelites. -* **that I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains** - Both of these clauses refer to Yahweh freeing he people of Israel from slavery. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **they will worship Yahweh** - The word "they" refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "you will worship Yahweh." -* **serve David their king** - This refers to one of David's descendants. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will worship Yahweh their God ... their king ... over them + +Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. AT: "you will worship Yahweh your God ... your king ... over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# David their king + +This is a metonym for one of David's descendants. AT: "a man descended from their King David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/10.md b/jer/30/10.md index d085917dbb..3b475f1a5f 100644 --- a/jer/30/10.md +++ b/jer/30/10.md @@ -1,38 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:discipline|discipline]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# my servant Jacob ... Israel -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **my servant Jacob, do not fear ... and do not be dismayed, Israel** - These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and do not be dismayed** - "and do not worry" -* **For see** - "Listen carefully" -* **I am about to bring you back from far away, and your descendants from the land of captivity** - These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **from the land of captivity** - "from the place where you were captives" -* **Jacob will return** - AT: "the people will return to their own land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he will be secure** - "the people will be safe" -* **where I have scattered you** - "where I have sent you" -* **But I will certainly not put an end to you** - AT: "But I will not completely destroy you" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **and will certainly not leave you unpunished** - AT: "and will certainly punish you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"Jacob" and "Israel" are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. AT: "descendants of Jacob ... you Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# do not be dismayed + +"do not be discouraged" + +# For see, I am + +"Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am" + +# from the land of captivity + +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated using the noun "captive." AT: "from the place where they were captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Jacob will return ... he will be secure + +Jacob's name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. AT: "Jacob will return to his own land ... he will be secure" or "The descendants of Jacob will return ... they will be secure" or "You descendants of Jacob will return ... you will be secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# secure + +"safe" + +# where I have scattered you + +"where I have sent you" + +# But I will certainly not put an end to you + +"But I will not completely destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# will certainly not leave you unpunished + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "will certainly punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/12.md b/jer/30/12.md index 21a877f24d..ae08c16edd 100644 --- a/jer/30/12.md +++ b/jer/30/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Your injury is incurable; your wound is infected ... no remedy for your wound -* Jeremiah is speaking Yahweh's message to the people of Israel. -* **Your injury is incurable...for your wound to heal you** - This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one that can help them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **There is no one to plead your case** - AT: "There is no one who asks me to show you mercy" +This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is no one to plead your case + +"There is no one who asks me to show you mercy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/14.md b/jer/30/14.md index 701ca9f268..67c76c55a9 100644 --- a/jer/30/14.md +++ b/jer/30/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# All of your lovers -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **All of your lovers** - Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here "lovers" refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They will not look for you** - "They no longer want to be your friends" -* **I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy** - This means Yahweh has treated his people like he would his enemy. -* **Why do you call for help for your injury?** - Yahweh asked a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. AT: "Do not call for help for your injury." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **your innumerable sins** - "your sins which are too many to count " +Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here "lovers" refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will not look for you + +"They no longer want to be your friends" + +# I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy + +Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the discipline of a cruel master + +Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why do you call for help for your injury? + +Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. AT: "You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me." or "Do not call for help for your injury." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your innumerable sins + +"your sins, which are too many to count" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/16.md b/jer/30/16.md index 518641502f..daf8446835 100644 --- a/jer/30/16.md +++ b/jer/30/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# So everyone who consumes you will be consumed -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:consume|consume]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them" or "So I will destroy everyone who destroys you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# have plundered ... plunder -* **So everyone who consumes you will be consumed, and all of your adversaries will go into captivity** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) AT: "All the nations that have made you slaves will be made slaves." -* **So everyone who consumes you will be consumed** - AT: "So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For the ones who have plundered you will become plunder, and I will make all of the ones despoiling you a spoil.** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) AT: "I will cause the enemies of those who have stolen things from you in war to steal steal things from them" -* **they called you “Outcast** - An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow him to associate with them. AT: "they called you 'Rejected' or "they said 'nobody wants you' " -* **No one cares for this Zion** - AT: "No one cares about the people of Zion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +To plunder is to steal from peaceful people using violence, and plunder is what people steal. + +# despoiling ... spoil + +To despoil here is to take items from an enemy one has defeated, and the items one takes are the spoil. + +# healing ... wounds + +See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 30:12](./12.md). + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# they called you: Outcast + +An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. AT: "they called you: Rejected" or "they said, 'Nobody wants you'" + +# No one cares for this Zion + +The place name "Zion" is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. AT: "No one cares about the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/18.md b/jer/30/18.md index ed02215e83..d3a387a963 100644 --- a/jer/30/18.md +++ b/jer/30/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# See -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **See** - "Listen carefully" -* **I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob's tents and have compassion on his homes** - AT: "I am about to cause the descendants of Jacob to prosper and I will have compassion on them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Then a city will be built on the heap of ruins** - AT: "Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them** - "Then they will sing songs of praise and joy" -* **for I will increase them and not diminish them** - Both of these phrases mean God will cause the number of Israelites to increase. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will honor them so they will not be humbled** - AT: "I will bless them and cause other people to honor them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"Listen carefully" + +# I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob's tents and have compassion on his homes + +The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. AT: "I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob's tents + +"I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob's tents again" or "I will cause the people in Jacob's tents to live well again." See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). + +# Then a city will be built on the heap of ruins + +This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit that the city they will build will be Jerusalem. AT: "Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them + +"Then they will sing songs of praise and joy" + +# for I will increase them and not diminish them + +"I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer" + +# so they will not be humbled + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "so that no one will humble them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/20.md b/jer/30/20.md index b6506ff0d0..ae328d1989 100644 --- a/jer/30/20.md +++ b/jer/30/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:torment]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# their assembly will be established before me -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **their assembly will be established before me** - AT: "I will establish them as a people before me" -* **Their leader will come from among them. He will emerge from their midst** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) AT: "Their leader will be chosen from the people." -* **who would dare to come close to me?** - Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that no one would have the courage to approach him unless Yahweh invited the person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will establish them as a people before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who would dare come close to me? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that no one would have the courage to approach him unless Yahweh invited the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/23.md b/jer/30/23.md index 14af89f47d..84fcb3ef18 100644 --- a/jer/30/23.md +++ b/jer/30/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +This speaks of God's anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# his heart's intentions -* **See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury has gone out...of the wicked people** - This compares God's anger and punishment to a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "intentions" can be translated using the verb "intends." The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "what he intends to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/intro.md b/jer/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd0acc2cb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Jeremiah 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:4-24, which are an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God promises restoration ##### + +Despite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +The author uses the term "Israel" in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/01.md b/jer/31/01.md index 0da6b0b2cb..7edf80ff63 100644 --- a/jer/31/01.md +++ b/jer/31/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# At that time -* **At that time** - This refers to the time when God punishes the wicked. -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **Yahweh appeared to me** - Here "me" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to the time when God punishes the wicked. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The people who have survived the sword have found favor in the wilderness + +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom. AT: "While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who have survived the sword + +The word "sword" is a metonym for war. AT: "who have survived the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wilderness; I will go out to give rest to Israel + +Another possible meaning is "wilderness, where Israel went out to find rest." + +# Yahweh appeared to me + +Jeremiah speaks of himself as if he were the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have drawn you toward myself with covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "I have been faithful to my covenant and brought you near to me" or "I have faithfully loved you and brought you near to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/04.md b/jer/31/04.md index 54a34fcb26..727a229086 100644 --- a/jer/31/04.md +++ b/jer/31/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:watch|watch]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will build you up again so you will be built -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **I will build you up again so you will be built** - AT: "I will make you strong again" or "I will make you prosper again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **virgin Israel** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:18:13]]. -* **tambourine** - a small musical instrument that a person shakes or hits with their hand used when people danced for joy +Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. If your language can only use active verbs and has some other way to emphasize the idea, you may want to use it here. AT: "I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# virgin Israel + +It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, "virgin" makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:13](../18/13.md). AT: "Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me" or "my faithless people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# tambourines + +musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/07.md b/jer/31/07.md index 9228739471..bfe23fcf78 100644 --- a/jer/31/07.md +++ b/jer/31/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Shout ... Shout ... Let praise be heard ... Say -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the chief people of the nations -* **Let praise be heard** - AT: "Let everyone hear your praises" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the remnant of Israel** - "the people still alive" (UDB) +"the most important people group of all the nations" or "the people group that is more important than any other" + +# Let praise be heard + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Cause everyone to hear your praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/08.md b/jer/31/08.md index 279227a4bc..7140d304cc 100644 --- a/jer/31/08.md +++ b/jer/31/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] +Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon. -## translationNotes +# See -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **See** - "listen" or "pay attention" -* **to bring them** - Here "them" refers to the Israelite people. -* **I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn** - Here "Ephraim" is another name for "Israel." AT: "I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my firstborn** - The first born had special honor and responsibility. +"Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# to bring them + +"to bring the Israelite people" + +# I will lead them as they make their pleas + +Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, "Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them." + +# I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn + +Here "Ephraim" is another name for "Israel." AT: "I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my firstborn + +The firstborn had special honor and responsibility. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/10.md b/jer/31/10.md index d24fd4d244..0a6858b265 100644 --- a/jer/31/10.md +++ b/jer/31/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nations]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:ransom|ransom]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:report|report]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon. -## translationNotes +# Hear ... Report -* **The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up** - AT: "I caused my people to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **as a shepherd keeps his sheep** - This means God cares for and protects his people as a shepherd does his sheep. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob and has redeemed him from the hand that was too strong for him** - Here "ransomed" and "redeemed" mean basically the same thing. AT: "For Yahweh will rescue the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh is speaking to the nations, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up and keeping her + +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else, and he speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a helpless woman. AT: "I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a shepherd keeps his sheep + +A shepherd cares for and protects his sheep, and Yahweh is promising to care for and protect the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob and has redeemed him from the hand that was too strong for him + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that it is Yahweh who has rescued the people of Israel. AT: "For Yahweh has rescued the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/12.md b/jer/31/12.md index ec3d6aa036..b34de15723 100644 --- a/jer/31/12.md +++ b/jer/31/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# on the heights of Zion -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:offspring|offspring]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +"on Zion, the high place" or "on Mount Zion." Being on top of a hill is a metaphor for being happy. If your language associates mountain tops with sadness, it would be best to leave out the metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# like a watered garden -* **like a watered garden** - This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **they will never again feel any more sorrow** - This is an exaggeration of the joy Israel will have. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they will never again feel any more sorrow + +The world "never" is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/13.md b/jer/31/13.md index 3ea4052dca..2a353aa192 100644 --- a/jer/31/13.md +++ b/jer/31/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will change their mourning into celebration -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] +The abstract nouns "mourning" and "celebration" can be translated as verbs. AT: "I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate" or "I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy" -## translationNotes +# I will change -* **I will change** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **My people will fill themselves with my goodness** - "My goodness will satisfy my people" +"Yahweh will change" + +# I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance + +The abstract noun "abundance" can be translated as "many good things." The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. AT: "I will give the priests all the good things they would like" or "I will satisfy the priests with good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My people will fill themselves with my goodness + +"My goodness will satisfy my people" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/15.md b/jer/31/15.md index 86abe0bb08..73a8dae271 100644 --- a/jer/31/15.md +++ b/jer/31/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# A voice is heard in Ramah -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:comfort|comfort]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:rachel|Rachel]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah|Ramah]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I hear a voice in Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# It is Rachel weeping for her children -* **A voice is heard in Ramah** - AT: "I hear a voice in Ramah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It is Rachel weeping for her children** - Here "Rachael" refers to the women of Israel who are crying over their children. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **She refuses to be comforted over them, for they live no longer** - AT: "She will not let anyone comfort her, for her children are dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel and was the mother of the tribes of Joseph and Benjamin. Her name is a metonym for the women of Israel who are crying because the Babylonians have killed their children or taken them away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# She refuses to be comforted over them, for they live no longer + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "She will not let anyone comfort her, for her children are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/16.md b/jer/31/16.md index db2221c0d6..c54da04ec3 100644 --- a/jer/31/16.md +++ b/jer/31/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Hold your voice back from weeping and your eyes from tears -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] +The voice and eyes are spoken of as if they were people whom Rachel needed to keep from moving. AT: "Stop weeping aloud and stop crying tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Hold your voice ... your eyes ... your work ... your children ... your future ... your descendants +Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel ([Jeremiah 31:15](./15.md)), so all instances of "your" and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +In both instances of this phrase, Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/18.md b/jer/31/18.md index 98f63edc3d..f99201d86c 100644 --- a/jer/31/18.md +++ b/jer/31/18.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# I have certainly heard Ephraim sorrowing -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +Ephraim was the ancestor of the largest tribe in Israel. His name is a metonym for the people of Israel. AT: "I have certainly heard the descendants of Ephraim sorrowing" or "I have certainly heard the people of Israel sorrowing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You punished me, and I have been punished -* **You punished me, and I have been punished** - You punished me. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Bring me back like an untrained calf** - Ephraim is asking for God to make him teachable as an untrained calf. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **after I turned back to you, I was sorry; after I was trained, I slapped my thigh in grief. I was ashamed and humiliated** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Is not Ephraim my precious child? Is he not my dear, delightful son?​ ** - AT: "Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The speaker repeats the phrase to show either that Yahweh punished him severely or that Ephraim learned what Yahweh wanted to teach him through punishing him. The words "I have been punished" can be translated in active form. AT: "You punished me. Yes, you punished me severely" or "You punished me, and I learned from you when you punished me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have been punished like an untrained calf + +When people train calves, they strike them and otherwise cause them to suffer. Yahweh had caused the people of Israel to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# punished + +Another possible meaning is "disciplined." + +# I slapped my thigh + +in grief. If people use a different phrase or action in your language to show that they are very sad, you may want to use it here. AT: "I rubbed my brow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# I was ashamed and humiliated + +The words "ashamed" and "humiliated" mean basically the same thing and intensify the idea of shame. AT: "I was completely ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Is not Ephraim my precious child? Is he not my dear, delightful son? + +Yahweh is speaking tenderly, trying to comfort the people. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/21.md b/jer/31/21.md index 3f15db26fc..d6e3cb1d13 100644 --- a/jer/31/21.md +++ b/jer/31/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creation|create, creation, Creator]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:faithless|faithless, faithlessness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] +God continues to speak from verse 7. -## translationNotes +# Place road signs for yourself ... Set up guideposts for yourself ... Set your mind ... you should take ... Come back -* God continues to speak from verse 7. -* **Place road signs ... Set up guideposts ... Set your mind ... Come back** - These commands are given to "virgin Israel." -* **Set your mind on the right path, the way you should take.** - AT: "Try hard to remember the way you came when you were taken into captivity."(See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Come back, virgin Israel!** - God is referring to a changed Israel. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **How long will you continue to waver, faithless daughter?** - God is asking how long His people will disobey Him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) AT: "Do not hesitate to start obeying me" +These commands and instances of "yourself" and "your" and "you" are addressed to "virgin Israel" and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Come back, virgin Israel! + +God is referring to a changed Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How long will you waver, faithless daughter? + +Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. AT: "Do not hesitate to start obeying me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# waver + +Possible meanings are 1) be unable to decide what to do or 2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man + +Possible meanings are 1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or 2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. AT: "new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/23.md b/jer/31/23.md index faa2f027b9..ff0395221b 100644 --- a/jer/31/23.md +++ b/jer/31/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## translationNotes +# the people -* **the people** - Here this refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain.** - Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; "May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here this refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain + +Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; "May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you holy mountain + +Mount Zion, where the temple had stood + +# Judah and all his cities will live together there + +The name of the man Judah is a metonym for his descendants, the people of the tribe of Judah, and the cities of Judah are spoken of as if they were the family of the man Judah, all of them living "there," in the land of Judah. AT: "it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as will farmers and shepherds with their flocks + +"and farmers and shepherds with their flocks will also live there" + +# had been refreshing + +"had refreshed me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/27.md b/jer/31/27.md index 78f4755eb7..dfd841cd12 100644 --- a/jer/31/27.md +++ b/jer/31/27.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beast|beast]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendants]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:wrong|wrong, mistreat, hurt]] +"Pay attention" or "Listen" -## translationNotes +# days are coming ... when I will sow -* **I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast** - AT: "I will increase man and beast like a farmer plants crops" or "I will increase the populations of both people and animals in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them** - AT: "looked for ways to uproot them" -* **uproot ... tear ... down ... destroy ... overthrow** - See how you translated these ideas in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:09]]. +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will sow" or "there will be a time ... when I will sow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. The house in turn is spoken of as if it were a field in which Yahweh would sow seed, and the people and the animals they raise for food, milk, and skins are spoken of as if they are that seed. AT: "I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them + +"looked for ways to uproot them" + +# uproot ... tear them down ... overthrow ... destroy + +See how you translated these ideas in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# in order to build them up and to plant them + +Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. AT: "in order to make them strong and many" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/29.md b/jer/31/29.md index b186911a4f..273ec468ac 100644 --- a/jer/31/29.md +++ b/jer/31/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Fathers have eaten sour grapes, but the children's teeth are dulled -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:grape|grape]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] +These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -## translationNotes +# sour grapes +Possible meanings are 1) grapes with too much acid in them or 2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit. + +# teeth are dulled + +Use the common words in your language for how people's mouths feel when they eat sour or unripe fruit. + +# For each man will die in his own iniquity + +"For each man will die because of his own sins" + +# everyone who eats sour grapes, his teeth will be dulled + +Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/31.md b/jer/31/31.md index 5460902a76..f18aa843eb 100644 --- a/jer/31/31.md +++ b/jer/31/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am going to tell you" -## translationNotes +# days are coming ... when I will establish -* **Look** - "Listen" or "pay attention to what I am going to tell you." -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will establish" or "there will be a time ... when I will establish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I took them by their hand + +as a loving husband would hold the hand of his wife as they walk (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/33.md b/jer/31/33.md index d3d597b9b6..c1fdab727f 100644 --- a/jer/31/33.md +++ b/jer/31/33.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **I will place my law within them and will write it on their heart** - These two phrases have similar meaning and are combined for emphasis. Here "heart" represents "emotions" or "mind." AT: "My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **from the smallest of them to the greatest** - The words “smallest" and "greatest” used together refer to all people.(See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will place my law within them and will write it on their heart + +These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh's law will become a part of them, rather than merely written on stone. Here "heart" represents "emotions" or "mind." AT: "My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the smallest of them to the greatest + +This phrase refers to every person, from the least important to the most important. AT: "every single one of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/35.md b/jer/31/35.md index 15fbbbb0c6..c459f51fb7 100644 --- a/jer/31/35.md +++ b/jer/31/35.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Only if these permanent things vanish ... will Israel's descendants ever stop from forever being a nation -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. AT: "These permanent things will never vanish ... and Israel's descendants will never stop from forever being a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/37.md b/jer/31/37.md index 7f876d8221..b82690ce85 100644 --- a/jer/31/37.md +++ b/jer/31/37.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Only if the highest heavens can be measured, and only if the earth's foundation below can be discovered, will I reject all of Israel's descendants -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|decendants]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:foundation|foundation, founded]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] +This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. AT: "The highest heavens can never be measured, and the earth's foundation below can never be discovered, and I will never reject all of Israel's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# the highest heavens ... earth's foundation -* **the highest heavens... earth's foundation** - These phrase refer to the whole of creation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +These phrases refer to the whole of creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the earth's foundation below can be discovered + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone can dig all the way down to the earth's foundation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# foundation below + +"deepest part." The "foundation" is the part of a house on which every other part rests. + +# reject + +throw away or refuse to take + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/38.md b/jer/31/38.md index 3fd210cae3..318dc79dd8 100644 --- a/jer/31/38.md +++ b/jer/31/38.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Look, the days are coming -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:bury|bury, buried, burial place]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower|watchtower, tower]] +"Pay attention! What I am about to talk about will happen soon" -## translationNotes +# days are coming ... when the city will be rebuilt -* **Look, days are coming** - AT: "Pay attention! What I am about to talk about will happen soon." -* **Tower of Hananel ... Corner Gate ... hill of Gareb ... Goah ... Kidron Valley ... Horse Gate** - These are the names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **set apart** - AT: "made holy" +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... the city will be rebuilt" or "there will be a time ... when the city will be rebuilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the city will be rebuilt for me + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they will rebuild the city for me" or "I will have them rebuild the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Tower of Hananel ... Corner Gate ... hill of Gareb ... Goah ... Kidron Valley ... Horse Gate + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The whole valley ... will be set apart for Yahweh + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They will set apart the whole valley ... for me" or "I will have them make the whole valley ... holy for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# set apart + +"made holy" + +# The city will not be pulled up or overthrown again + +The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again" or "No one will tear the city down or destroy it again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/intro.md b/jer/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c64a847aad --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Jeremiah 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 31:1-6, 8-22, 29, 35-37, all of which are quotations of various lengths. + +This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. "At that time" is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../30/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The New Covenant ##### + +This chapter is an important teaching regarding the New Covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +In this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term "Israel" in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/01.md b/jer/32/01.md index d7336a49c2..010c59152c 100644 --- a/jer/32/01.md +++ b/jer/32/01.md @@ -1,34 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard, court]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah|Zedekiah]] +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/01.md) AT: "Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar -* **This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh** - "This is what Yahweh said to Jeremiah" -* **was imprisoned in the courtyard of the guard** - "They put him in the prison in the courtyard of the guard" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the courtyard of the guard at the house of the king of Judah** - This was an open area attached to the king's palace. +"after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years" + +# Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they were keeping Jeremiah as a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned + +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the courtyard of the guard at the house of the king of Judah + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/03.md b/jer/32/03.md index 0801b8408f..7311bd4b8b 100644 --- a/jer/32/03.md +++ b/jer/32/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Zedekiah king of Judah had imprisoned him -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans|Chaldea, Chaldean]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Zedekiah do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# had imprisoned him -* **Why do you prophesy and say** - Zekekiah uses a question to rebuke Jeremiah. AT: "It is wrong for you to continue prophesying and saying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will capture it** - Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "to the king of Babylon, and his army will capture it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for he has indeed been given** - AT: "for I have indeed given him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **His mouth will speak to the king’s mouth, and his eyes will see the king’s eyes** - AT: "Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **you fought** - Here "you" is plural and refers to the people in Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Here "him" refers to Jeremiah. It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Why do you prophesy and say + +Zekekiah uses a question to rebuke Jeremiah. AT: "It is wrong for you to continue prophesying and saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I am about to give over this city into the hand of the king of Babylon + +Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that one person could give to another. The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. AT: "I am about to put this city under the control of the king of Babylon" or "I am about to allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will capture it + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people would help the king of Babylon take control of the city. + +# he will certainly be given into the hand of the king of Babylon + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will certainly put him under the control of the king of Babylon" or "I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# His mouth will speak to the king's mouth, and his eyes will see the king's eyes + +Here "mouth" and "eyes" represent the whole person. AT: "Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you fight + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/06.md b/jer/32/06.md index 67a04a1ac1..283570e74a 100644 --- a/jer/32/06.md +++ b/jer/32/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeremiah said, "The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, 'Look, Hanamel son of Shallum your uncle is coming to you and will say, "Buy my field that is in Anathoth for yourself, for the right to buy it belongs to you."'" -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +You may translate this as indirect speech. AT: "Jeremiah said that the word of Yahweh had come to him and told him that Hanamel son of Shallum his uncle was coming to him and would tell him to buy his uncle's field that was in Anathoth for himself, for the right to buy it belonged to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# Jeremiah said -* **The word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **Hanamel...Shallum** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Anathoth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Hanamel ... Shallum + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anathoth + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/08.md b/jer/32/08.md index bc92652404..c5efdf82d8 100644 --- a/jer/32/08.md +++ b/jer/32/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Jeremiah continues speaking, but he begins to speak of himself in first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# the courtyard of the guard -* Jeremiah continues speaking. -* **seventeen shekels** - "17 shekels" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](./01.md). + +# seventeen shekels + +A shekel is 11 grams. AT: "17 shekels" or "187 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/10.md b/jer/32/10.md index 6ba30ac805..55c8526da4 100644 --- a/jer/32/10.md +++ b/jer/32/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:scroll|scroll]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:seal|seal, to seal]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +Jeremiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it -* Jeremiah continues speaking. -* **in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it** - This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm.that I had puchased this land. . -* **had witnesess witness** - "had witnesses there to see that I purchased the land" -* **that was sealed** - AT: "that I sealed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **unsealed deed** - "opened copy" or "the deed that did not have a seal on it" -* **Baruch…Neriah…Mahseiah** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the courtyard of the guard** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:32:01]]. +This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land. + +# had witnesses witness it + +"had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land" + +# that was sealed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that I sealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# unsealed deed + +"opened copy" or "the deed that did not have a seal on it" + +# Baruch ... Neriah ... Mahseiah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the courtyard of the guard + +The open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/13.md b/jer/32/13.md index df0ddf7dfd..8b34a9be2c 100644 --- a/jer/32/13.md +++ b/jer/32/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Jeremiah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# before them -* Jeremiah continues speaking. -* **before them** - Here "them" refers to Hanamel, the witnesses, and the Judeans. -* **Take these scrolls with the receipt of this purchase that is sealed and this unsealed scroll** - "Take the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll" -* **Houses, fields, and vineyards will be purchased again in this land** - AT: "The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "them" refers to Hanamel, the witnesses, and the Judeans. + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Houses, fields, and vineyards will again be bought in this land + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/16.md b/jer/32/16.md index 6942da0365..a7f0dc6cf6 100644 --- a/jer/32/16.md +++ b/jer/32/16.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] +Jeremiah continues speaking. He begins a long prayer, a lament with a long introduction of praise. -## translationNotes +# the receipt of purchase -* Jeremiah continues speaking. -* **the receipt of purchase** - This means the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll. -* **Woe** - "Alas" -* **great strength and with your raised arm** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "your great power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **You show covenant faithfulness** - "You keep your promise and show your faithful love" -* **and pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them** - "and you punish children for the sin of their parents" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This means the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll. + +# Woe + +"Alas" + +# by your great strength and with your raised arm + +The phrase "raised arm" is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the words "your great strength" and "your raised arm" form a doublet. AT: "by your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# You show covenant faithfulness to thousands + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "You are faithful to your covenant towards thousands" or "You keep your promise and faithfully love thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them + +The word "guilt" is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Yahweh punishing people is spoken of as if he were pouring a large container full of liquid or small objects into people's laps as they sit. AT: "you punish children for the sins of their parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/19.md b/jer/32/19.md index 90f0f8efab..9c922cb8be 100644 --- a/jer/32/19.md +++ b/jer/32/19.md @@ -1,28 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Jeremiah continues praying the introduction of his lament to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# for your eyes are open to all the ways of people -* Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. -* **For your eyes are open to all the ways of people** - AT: "You see everything that people do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve** - "and will reward everyone according to the things they do" -* **You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt** - This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt. -* **To this present day** - "To this day" -* **and among all mankind** - "and among all people" -* **you have made your name famous** - Here "name" refers to God's reputation. AT: "you have made yourself famous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **with a strong hand, with a raised arm** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and our combined for emphasis. AT: "with your great power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. AT: "You see everything that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve + +The abstract nouns "conduct" and "deeds," which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. AT: "and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt + +This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt. + +# To this present day + +"To this day" + +# among all mankind + +"among all people" + +# you have made your name famous + +Here "name" refers to God's reputation. AT: "you have made yourself famous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with a strong hand, with a raised arm + +The phrase "strong hand" is a metonym for strength, and the phrase "raised arm" is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases "strong hand" and "raised arm" form a doublet. AT: "by your great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/22.md b/jer/32/22.md index 0342b9aa65..082c7a7ee1 100644 --- a/jer/32/22.md +++ b/jer/32/22.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. He ends the introduction to his lament ("Woe," [Jeremiah 32:17](./16.md)) with the words "took possession of it" and begins the lament with "but they did not obey." -## translationNotes +# gave them -* Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. -* **gave them** - "gave the people of Israel" -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:11:03]]. -* **But they did not obey your voice** - AT: "But they did not obey what you said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"gave the people of Israel" + +# land flowing with milk and honey + +"land where milk and honey flow." God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:5](../11/03.md). AT: "land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But they did not obey your voice + +The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. AT: "But they did not obey what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/24.md b/jer/32/24.md index 9c476116fc..62b24c1194 100644 --- a/jer/32/24.md +++ b/jer/32/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# The siege mounds have reached up to the city to capture it -* Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. -* **to capture it** - "so the enemy army can capture it" -* **For because of sword** - - Here sword means war or fighting. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans** - Here "hand" means power or control. AT: "you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and have witnesses witness it** - "and let other people witness it" -* **this city is being given** - AT: "I am giving this city" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The large piles of dirt and rocks that the enemy built around the city so they could stand on them and attack it are spoken of as if they were the attackers themselves reaching out to capture the city. AT: "The enemy's seige mounds are so close to the city that the enemy will be able to capture the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of sword + +The word "sword" is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. AT: "because soldiers will attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# famine, and plague + +These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans + +Here "hand" means power or control. This can be translated in active form. AT: "you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# happening, and see, you are watching + +"happening, as you can see very well" + +# have witnesses witness it + +"have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land" + +# this city is being given + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I am giving this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/26.md b/jer/32/26.md index a74d6c8cff..556245848a 100644 --- a/jer/32/26.md +++ b/jer/32/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# came to Jeremiah -* **This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah and said** - "This is what Yahweh said to Jeremiah" -* **Is anything too difficult for me to do?"** - Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **over into the hand of the Chaldeans** - Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "to the Chaldeans" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Is anything too difficult for me to do? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Nothing is too difficult for me to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See, I am about to give + +"Listen carefully! I am the one who will give" + +# give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans + +Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person's hand. The word "hand" is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. AT: "put this city under the power of the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/29.md b/jer/32/29.md index cc383096e3..968e60cb4d 100644 --- a/jer/32/29.md +++ b/jer/32/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofIsrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofJudah]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -## translationNotes +# in order to provoke me -* Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -* **in order to provoke me** - "which made me very angry" -* **doing evil before my eyes** - AT: "doing what I consider evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **since their youth** - "from the time that they became a nation" (UDB) -* **the practices of their hands** - AT: "the evil things they have done" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"so that I would become very angry" + +# doing evil before my eyes + +Here the metonym "eyes" represents what God sees. Possible meanings are 1) "doing what I consider evil" or 2) "doing evil knowing that I am watching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# since their youth + +A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. AT: "from the time they were young" or "from the time that they became a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the practices of their hands + +The word "hands" is a metonym for the things the person does with his hands. AT: "the evil things they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/31.md b/jer/32/31.md index 172f83d14e..de11ce1795 100644 --- a/jer/32/31.md +++ b/jer/32/31.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -## translationNotes +# this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it -* Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -* **For this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it. It has been that right up to this present day.** - The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "For the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city until today." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **from before my face** - AT: "from my presence" or "completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* ' +Here "city" is a metonym for the people that live there. The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. AT: "the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# has been a provocation of + +The abstract noun "provocation" can be translated as a verb. AT: "has been something that has provoked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It has been that right up to this present day + +"They continue to make me angry even now" + +# from before my face + +The face is a metonym for the person's presence. AT: "from my presence" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/33.md b/jer/32/33.md index c593634a88..63822e4f07 100644 --- a/jer/32/33.md +++ b/jer/32/33.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:molech]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about what the people of Israel had done. -## translationNotes +# They turned their backs to me instead of their faces -* Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -* **They turned their backs to me instead of their faces** - AT: "My people ignored me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to receive correction** - "to learn from me" -* **their detestable things** - "their idols which I hate" -* **the house where my name was called** - AT: "the house that belongs to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Valley of Ben Hinnom** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:07:31]]. -* **something that never even was thought of in my heart** - AT: "something that never came up in my mind" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +One turns one's face to someone to show that one is listening, and one's back to show that one refuses to listen. AT: "Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all" or "They refused to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# to receive correction + +"to learn how to act correctly" + +# their abominable idols + +"their idols which I hate" + +# the house that is called by my name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. AT: "the house that belongs to me" or "the building in which they worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Valley of Ben Hinnom + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). + +# It never entered my mind + +Here "mind" refers to Yahweh's thoughts. AT: "I never thought at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/36.md b/jer/32/36.md index 091341b549..4e11953c5c 100644 --- a/jer/32/36.md +++ b/jer/32/36.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# which you are saying -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Here "you" is plural. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or 2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon -* **which you are saying** - Here "you" is plural. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or 2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **It is given over into the hand of the king of Babylon** - Here "hand" means power or control. AT: "Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to gather them** - "to gather my people" -* **wrath, fury, and great anger** - All three words mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "extreme anger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "hand" means power or control. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon" or "Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to gather them + +"to gather my people" + +# wrath, fury, and great anger + +All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. AT: "extreme anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in security + +"where they are safe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/38.md b/jer/32/38.md index 5cbbe9e085..b4c0ccd5db 100644 --- a/jer/32/38.md +++ b/jer/32/38.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# one heart and one way to honor me -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **one heart and one way to honor me** - This means there will be unity among the people of Israel and they will worship only Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **perpetual covenant** - "everlasting agreement" or "eternal agreement" -* **so I will not turn from after them** - AT: "so I will always be with them" or "so I will always bless them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **and place honor for me in their hearts** - AT: "and so that they will honor me" -* **So they will no longer turn away from following me** - AT: "So they will always obey and worship me" +The people of Israel will want to work together to honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an everlasting covenant + +"eternal agreement" + +# will not turn away from doing good + +"stop doing good" + +# I will set honor for me in their hearts + +Honor is spoken of as if it were a solid object put in a container from which no one can remove it. AT: "I will cause them to always honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that they will never turn away from me + +"so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/41.md b/jer/32/41.md index 14a683090a..d585b2030c 100644 --- a/jer/32/41.md +++ b/jer/32/41.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# doing good to them -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **doing good to them** - Here "them" refers to the people of Israel. -* **I will faithfully plant them in this land** - AT: "I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **heart and being** - AT: "I will with all myself"(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "them" refers to the people of Israel. + +# I will faithfully plant them in this land + +Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. AT: "I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with all my heart and all my life + +Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person's entire being. AT: "with all that I am" or "wholeheartedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have brought all this great disaster on this people, so I will bring on them all the good things + +"I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/43.md b/jer/32/43.md index 305d1ce77f..6a93d85246 100644 --- a/jer/32/43.md +++ b/jer/32/43.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then fields will be bought in this land -* [[en:tw:Chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:negev|Negev]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Then people will buy fields in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# you are saying -* **Then fields will be bought in this land** - AT: "Then people will buy fields in this land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you are saying** - Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **It has been given over into the hand of the Chaldeans** - Here "hand" means power or control. AT: "Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **write in sealed scrolls. They will assemble witnesses** - This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase. -* **For I will bring back their fortunes** - "For I will make them prosper again" +Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# It has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans + +Here "hand" is a metonym for power or control. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans" or "Yahweh has given the Chaldeans power over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# write in sealed scrolls. They will assemble witnesses + +The "sealed scrolls" are the deeds that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase. + +# I will bring back their fortunes + +"I will cause things to go well for them again" or "I will cause them to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/intro.md b/jer/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f797ff6548 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Jeremiah 32 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +The king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Israel ##### +The term "Israel" is used exclusively in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole in this chapter. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/01.md b/jer/33/01.md index 0cc1a80094..32308a0d65 100644 --- a/jer/33/01.md +++ b/jer/33/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard, court]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah a second time, while he was ... guard, saying, -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:13](../01/13.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah a second time, while Jeremiah was ... guard. He said," or "While Jeremiah was ... guard, Yahweh spoke this second message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# came to Jeremiah + +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# who forms in order to establish + +who creates things so he can make them exist forever + +# he was still shut within + +"he was still a prisoner in" + +# the courtyard of the guard + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/04.md b/jer/33/04.md index b8cea8ae06..a2c5182f54 100644 --- a/jer/33/04.md +++ b/jer/33/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans|Chaldea, Chaldean]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. AT: "that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword" or 2) AT: "the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the sword -* **hide my face** - This phrase shows Yahweh's displeasure with the city. AT:"I have turned away from you" or "I am not longer concerned with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is a metonym for people dying violently when soldiers kill with swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in my wrath and fury + +The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. AT: "in my extreme wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I hide my face + +Yahweh is represented by his "face." This phrase shows Yahweh's displeasure with the city. AT: "I have turned away from you" or "I am no longer concerned with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/06.md b/jer/33/06.md index fb3f165210..67ad1c1604 100644 --- a/jer/33/06.md +++ b/jer/33/06.md @@ -1,32 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I will bring back the fortunes of Judah and Israel -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:pardon|pardon]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure, purify, purification]] -* [[en:tw:tremble]] +"I will cause things to go well for Judah and Israel again" or "I will cause Judah and Israel to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). -## translationNotes +# this city ... do for it ... give to it -* **bring back the fortunes** - AT: "bring back their prosperity" +The city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. AT: "the people who live in this city ... do for the people who live there ... give to the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a song of praise and honor for all the nations of the earth + +The word "song" is a metonym for the object about which people will sing the song. AT: "something about which all the people groups of the earth will sing songs of praise and honor to me, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will fear and tremble + +The hendiadys "fear and tremble" can be translated by a single verb. AT: "they will tremble with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# fear + +Another possible meaning is "awe." + +# because of all the good things and the peace that I will give to it + +The abstract noun "peace" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "because of all the good things that I will give to it and because I will cause it to be peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/10.md b/jer/33/10.md index 61835b1437..7049faea8f 100644 --- a/jer/33/10.md +++ b/jer/33/10.md @@ -1,32 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It is desolate, a place with neither man nor beast," in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem that are desolate having neither man nor beast -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beast|beast]] -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:bridegroom|bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:bride|bride]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:desolate|desolate, desolation]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Judah has become desolate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Yahweh -* **There is neither man nor beast in the cities of Judah, and the streets of Jerusalem are uninhabited, with neither man nor beast** - Yahweh is using two similar thoughts to indicate there are no people in Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **my house** - the temple in Jerusalem (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **fortunes** - AT: "prosperity" +the temple in Jerusalem + +# I will restore the fortunes of the land + +The word "land" is a metonym for the people who live on the land. AT: "I will again cause things to go well for the people who live on the land" or "I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to what they were before + +This refers to the time before the exile to Babylon. This can be made explicit. AT: "to what they were before I sent the Israelites into exile in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/12.md b/jer/33/12.md index b0520bfa10..7baba6082c 100644 --- a/jer/33/12.md +++ b/jer/33/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts says this -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:desolate|desolate, desolation]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:negev|Negev]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## translationNotes +# the flocks will again pass under the hands of the ones counting them -* **grazing place** - AT: "fields to feed their flocks" +This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. AT: "shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/14.md b/jer/33/14.md index b0ab74d660..abc91989ff 100644 --- a/jer/33/14.md +++ b/jer/33/14.md @@ -1,33 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|Kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, Kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"Listen carefully" -## translationNotes +# Days are coming ... when I will do -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **In those days and in that time** - "It will be at that time that" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **righteous branch to grow for David** - righteous male descendant of David. AT: "a righteous man will come from the line of David like a branch grows from a tree." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the land** - the nation of Israel (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Future time is spoken of as if the "Days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "In the future ... I will do" or "There will be a time ... when I will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In those days and in that time + +The phrase "in that time" means the same thing as, and intensifies the phrase "In those days." AT: "In those very days" or "At that very time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will make a righteous branch to grow for David + +Yahweh speaks of a descendant of David as if he were a branch off of a tree trunk. AT: "I will cause a righteous man to come from and bring glory to the line of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land + +the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Judah ... Jerusalem + +These towns' names are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. AT: "the people of Judah ... the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Judah will be saved + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will save Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jerusalem will live in security + +"the people of Judah will be safe from their enemies" + +# this is what she will be called + +Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. AT: "this is what they will call her" or "this is what I will call the town" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/17.md b/jer/33/17.md index af7d19c0b7..8386b53cfb 100644 --- a/jer/33/17.md +++ b/jer/33/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A man from David's line will never be lacking -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering|grain offering]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] +"There will always be a man from David's line" -## translationNotes +# A man from David's line -* **a man from David's line ** - AT: "a male descendant of king David" +a male descendant of King David + +# to sit on the throne of the house of Israel + +The throne is a metonym for the king. AT: "to be king over the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nor will a man from the Levitical priests be lacking before me to raise burnt offerings + +"and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings" + +# raise burnt offerings + +"offer burnt offerings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/19.md b/jer/33/19.md index 271c948f23..bb9cd28ccf 100644 --- a/jer/33/19.md +++ b/jer/33/19.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday|day]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# to Jeremiah -* **The word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to sit on his throne ** - "to rule the kingdom given to him", (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted, and as the sand of the seashores cannot be measured, it is like that I will increase the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who serve me** - These two statements are saying essentially the same thing and used together for emphasis. AT: "As no one can count the stars in the sky and sand on the seashore, in the same way no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# my covenant with day and night ... my covenant with David my servant + +No one can change day and night, and no one can change God's covenant with David. + +# to sit on his throne + +The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. AT: "to rule the kingdom I have given to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted, and as the sand of the seashores cannot be measured, so I will increase the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who serve before me + +No one can count the stars in the sky or the sand on the seashore, and no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/23.md b/jer/33/23.md index 5ae74a672e..7e44db640a 100644 --- a/jer/33/23.md +++ b/jer/33/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clans]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# to Jeremiah -* **The word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **Have you not considered what this people has declared when they said, ‘The two clans that Yahweh chose, now he has rejected them’?** - This question is asked for emphasis. AT: "You should have noticed that people are saying that I rejected the two clans I have chosen." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Have you not considered what this people has declared when they said, 'The ... them'? + +Yahweh wants Jeremiah to think deeply about what the people have said. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should have noticed what this people are really saying when they said, 'The ... them.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# In this way they despise my people, saying ... sight + +"What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation." + +# my people ... are no longer a nation in their sight + +Sight is a metonym for thinking. AT: "they no longer think of my people as a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/25.md b/jer/33/25.md index da0f961711..8f5bec801a 100644 --- a/jer/33/25.md +++ b/jer/33/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# If I have not established ... and if I have not fixed ... then I will reject ... and not bring -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:abraham|Abraham, Abram]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:isaac|Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] +This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to be true. AT: "I have established ... and I have fixed ... so I will never reject ... and I will bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# I will restore their fortunes +"I will cause things to go well for them again" or "I will cause them to live well again" See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). + +# show mercy to + +Translate as "have compassion on" is translated in ([Jeremiah 30:18](../30/18.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/intro.md b/jer/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..659c9bbfaf --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Jeremiah 33 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Covenant faithfulness ##### +Despite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/01.md b/jer/34/01.md index 3ed350e23e..6e0d7f8f48 100644 --- a/jer/34/01.md +++ b/jer/34/01.md @@ -1,45 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, when Nebuchadnezzar ... her cities, saying: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah|Zedekiah]] +This idiom "The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar ... her cities. He said," or "When Nebuchadnezzar ... her cities, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# to Jeremiah -* **the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh spoke his word to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] -* **waging war** - AT: "fighting against" -* **and all of her cities ** - This refers to all the surrounding towns around Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to give this city over ** - Translate this the same way you translated in [[en:bible:notes:jer:32:26]] -* **into the hand of the king of Babylon** - Here "hand" refers to to control. AT: into the control of the king of Babylon." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **escape from his hand ** - "escape from his control" -* **your eyes will look at the eyes of the king of Babylon; he will speak directly to you as you go to Babylon** - AT: "You will see the king of Babylon with your own eyes; you will speak face to face with him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name in this chapter. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# waging war + +"fighting" + +# all of her cities + +This refers to all the towns around Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to give this city + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:28](../32/26.md) + +# into the hand of the king of Babylon + +Here the word "hand" is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. AT: "under the control of the king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You will not escape from his hand + +Here the word "hand" is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. AT: "You will not escape from his control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will certainly be seized and given + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Babylonians will certainly seize you and give you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/04.md b/jer/34/04.md index 7673896390..b8f7a87956 100644 --- a/jer/34/04.md +++ b/jer/34/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You will not die by the sword. -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +The word "sword" is a metonym for dying in war. AT: "You will not die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the funeral burning of your ancestors -* **You will not die by the sword. You will die in peace** - AT: "You will not die in battle, but will die peacefully.(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +The people would burn spices in honor of people who had recently died. They did not burn the dead people's bodies. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/06.md b/jer/34/06.md index 414bcb46b4..cf37f17f0b 100644 --- a/jer/34/06.md +++ b/jer/34/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Lachish and Azekah -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities -* **Lachish and Azekah** - These are names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities ** - AT: "the only fortified cities of Judah not yet captured" +"the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/08.md b/jer/34/08.md index dedf24f20d..3b891f369f 100644 --- a/jer/34/08.md +++ b/jer/34/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. However, the actual message does not begin until [Jeremiah 34:12](./12.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# word -* **This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh** - After this phrase, the reader will of course expct to see the content of the message from Yahweh. However, the actual message does not begin until [[:en:bible:notes:jer:34:12]]. For this reason, the translator may choose to omit this phrase here, and to follow the example of the UDB. -* **word** - "message" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **No one should enslave a fellow Israelite in Judah any longer ** - AT: "No one should enslave another member of the nation of Israel anymore" +"message" + +# after King Zedekiah had made a covenant ... his brother + +These words all provide background information to events that will be described later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/10.md b/jer/34/10.md index 577ad2ff41..0be47bc239 100644 --- a/jer/34/10.md +++ b/jer/34/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:send]] - -## translationNotes - -* **They listened and sent them away ** - AT: "They listened and freed them" -* **compelled** - AT:"forced" +Jeremiah continues giving the background information that began in [Jeremiah 34:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/12.md b/jer/34/12.md index 75d42f2b00..98eca2eb92 100644 --- a/jer/34/12.md +++ b/jer/34/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] +Jeremiah resumes the story from [Jeremiah 34:8](./08.md) after the background information of [Jeremiah 34:8](./08.md)-[Jeremiah 11](./10.md). -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you** - AT: "each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have have been your slaves" -* **Send him away in freedom** - AT: "You must let them be free from serving you" -* **did not listen to me and or pay attention** - Both these phrase are saying basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# house of slavery + +This is an idiom. "place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you + +"each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves" + +# Send him away in freedom + +"You must let them be free from serving you" + +# did not ... incline their ears to me + +To incline the ear, to lean the head toward the speaker so as to hear better, is a metonym for paying attention to what the speaker is saying. AT: "did not ... pay attention to what I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/15.md b/jer/34/15.md index f17531ef77..83e36c4f6f 100644 --- a/jer/34/15.md +++ b/jer/34/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now you yourselves repented -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# right in my eyes -* **right in my eyes** - "correct" or "acceptable" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **turned and polluted my name** - AT: "stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Eyes" here is a metonym for someone's opinion or idea. AT: "what I consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house that is called by my name + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the house that belongs to me" or "the building in which they worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turned and polluted my name + +A person's name is a metonym for what people think of him. AT: "stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/17.md b/jer/34/17.md index d7a6c8a7a0..73443ddf58 100644 --- a/jer/34/17.md +++ b/jer/34/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# So look! -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Listen!" or "Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you!" -## translationNotes +# I am about to proclaim freedom to you ... freedom for the sword, the plague, and famine -* **So look I am about to proclaim freedom to you"..."freedom for the sword, the plague, and famine** - AT: "So because you have not obeyed me, I will allow you to be punished by the sword, the plague, and famine" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **look** - "Listen" or "Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you." -* **established before me** - AT: "agreed to with me" +Jeremiah uses irony to say that the "freedom" the people will enjoy will actually be suffering. AT: "I will proclaim misery to you ... misery from the sword, the plague, and famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# proclaim freedom to you + +"proclaim that you are free" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# sword + +This is a metonym for soldiers who carry swords. AT: "enemy soldiers to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# am going to make you a horrible thing in the sight of every kingdom on earth + +Here "sight" represents judgment or evaluation. The word "kingdom" is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. AT: "I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when they cut a bull ... walked ... walked between the parts of the bull + +This passage describes how the people established the covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# established before me + +"agreed to with me" or "established while I was watching" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/20.md b/jer/34/20.md index 652f45eb7e..9f57b31674 100644 --- a/jer/34/20.md +++ b/jer/34/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I will give them into the hand of their enemies -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -## translationNotes -* **seeking their lives** - AT: "seeking to kill them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **risen up** - "come to fight" -* **and will bring them back** - Here "them" refers to the armies of the nation of Babylon. AT: "and will bring the Babylonian army back" +# seeking their lives + +This is a polite way to say that they wanted to kill them. AT: "seeking to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# into the hand of their enemies + +Here the word "hands" represents control. AT: "to be conquered by their enemies" or "over to the control of their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# risen up + +"come to fight" + +# bring them + +bring the Babylonian armies \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/intro.md b/jer/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72bf2a5e85 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Jeremiah 34 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Law of Moses ##### +According to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted slaves after a period of time. The king led them in freeing their fellow Israelites whom they held as slaves, but later they changed their minds and enslaved them again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Actions with cultural meaning ##### + +When the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/01.md b/jer/35/01.md index 6ee441fb66..6a11b9f1a6 100644 --- a/jer/35/01.md +++ b/jer/35/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh in the days ... of Judah, saying, -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The idiom "The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in the days ... of Judah. He said," or "In the days ... of Judah, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# to Jeremiah -* **Rechabites** - This is a people group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **my house** - This phrase refers to the temple of Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Rekabites + +This is a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# my house + +the temple \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/03.md b/jer/35/03.md index 453dce4886..71f6b58fd3 100644 --- a/jer/35/03.md +++ b/jer/35/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Jaazaniah ... Habazziniah ... Hanan ... Igdaliah ... Maaseiah ... Shallum -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Jaazaniah... Habazziniah... Hanan... Igdaliah... Maaseiah... Maaseiah... Shallum** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/05.md b/jer/35/05.md index c77fde0cfb..30ca05faab 100644 --- a/jer/35/05.md +++ b/jer/35/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Rekabites -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# Jonadab ... Rekab -* **Rechabites** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:35:01]]. -* **Jonadab... Recab** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **live many days in the land** - "Days" refers to the span of time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# live many days in the land + +"live many years in the land." "Days" refers to the span of time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/08.md b/jer/35/08.md index a065a2221d..5d4dddd968 100644 --- a/jer/35/08.md +++ b/jer/35/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the voice of Jonadab -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The word "voice" is a metonym for the command that Jonadab spoke. AT: "the command of Jonadab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# all of our days -* **the voice of Jonadab** - The word "voice" here refers to "command." AT: "the command of Jonadab" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **all of our days** - "Days" refers to the span of time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"as long as we live." "Days" refers to the span of time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/12.md b/jer/35/12.md index fd1eef7046..1c50526eff 100644 --- a/jer/35/12.md +++ b/jer/35/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# to Jeremiah -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. AT: "Yahweh spoke his word to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **‘Will you not receive correction and listen to my words?'** - This question is asked to rebuke Israel. AT: "You will not receive correction and listen to my words." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Jonadab... Rechab** - These are the name of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **'The words of Jonadab son of Rechab that he gave to his sons as a command, not to drink any wine, have been observed** - AT: "The sons of Jonadab, son of Rechab, observed their father's command to not drink wine." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Will you not receive correction and listen to my words? + +Yahweh is telling Israel to listen carefully to his rebuke. AT: "You must certainly receive this correction and listen to my words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The words of Jonadab son of Rekab that he gave to his sons as a command, not to drink any wine, have been observed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The sons of Jonadab son of Rekab have observed their father's command to not drink wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jonadab ... Rekab + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/15.md b/jer/35/15.md index 9f6efbbfc2..5ff90fb431 100644 --- a/jer/35/15.md +++ b/jer/35/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# let no one walk any longer after other gods -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] - -## translationNotes - -* **turn from his wicked way and do good deeds** - These two phrases are saying similar things and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **walk after other gods and worship them** - These two phrases are saying similar things and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **you will not listen to me or pay attention to me** - These two phrases are saying similar things and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Walking after a god is a metaphor for obeying the laws of that god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/17.md b/jer/35/17.md index 525b68f3f4..6bc325767c 100644 --- a/jer/35/17.md +++ b/jer/35/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Look** - This word tells us to pay special attention to what follows. +This word tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/18.md b/jer/35/18.md index f9b791097f..991e274516 100644 --- a/jer/35/18.md +++ b/jer/35/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeremiah said -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# Rekabites -* **Rechabites** - This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:35:01]]. -* **Jonadab, Rechab** - These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:35:05]]. +This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](./01.md). + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Jonadab ... Rekab + +These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Jeremiah 35:5](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/intro.md b/jer/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c812ed59b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 35 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Rechabites ##### + +The actions of the Rechabites contrasted with the actions of the Jews. The Rechabites obeyed the commands their ancestor had give while living in Canaan, but Judah did not obey Yahweh's commands. Because the Rechabites were obedient, Yahweh preserved their clan. The Rechabites' history is found in the book of Judges. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/01.md b/jer/36/01.md index fe7eeccb40..a32bc6d999 100644 --- a/jer/36/01.md +++ b/jer/36/01.md @@ -1,37 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# It came about -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **It came about** - "It happened." This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:25:01]]. -* **that this word** - The phrase "this word" refers to the message that follows. -* **It said** - "The message said" -* **every nation** - "all of the nations" -* **I have told from** - "I have told you from" -* **the days of Josiah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **until this very day** - "until today" -* **Perhaps the people of Judah** - "Maybe the people of Judah" -* **I intend to bring on them** - "I am planning to do to them" -* **Perhaps everyone** - "So that each person" -* **from his wicked path** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:18:11]]. +"It happened." This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# in the fourth year of Jehoiakim ... king of Judah + +Jehoiakim had been king of Judah for more than three years. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# that this word + +The phrase "this word" refers to the message that follows. + +# to Jeremiah + +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he said + +"Yahweh said" + +# every nation + +"all of the nations" + +# I have told from + +"I have told you from" + +# from the days of Josiah until this very day + +"from the time Josiah was king until today" + +# Perhaps + +"It is possible that" + +# to bring on them + +"to cause to happen to them" + +# his wicked way + +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a "way" or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). AT: "his wicked way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# forgive their iniquity and their sin + +The words "iniquity" and "sin" are metonyms for the persons who commit iniquity and sin. AT: "forgive them for their iniquity and their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/04.md b/jer/36/04.md index b089c97857..23723b9659 100644 --- a/jer/36/04.md +++ b/jer/36/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeremiah called ... at Jeremiah's dictation ... to him ... Jeremiah gave ... He said -* [[en:tw:baruch]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. AT: "I called ... at my dictation ... to me ... I gave ... I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah's dictation, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him -* **and Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah's dictation of, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him** - "and while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of the words of Yahweh which Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah" -* **read from the scroll** - "read out loud from the scroll" or "proclaim from the scroll" -* **at my dictation** - "according to what I said" -* **must read ** - "must read out loud" or "must proclaim" -* **in the hearing of the people in his house** - "so that the people in Yahweh's house can hear them" -* **in the hearing of all of Judah who have come from their cities** - "so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them" +"while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh's words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah" + +# read from the scroll + +"read out loud from the scroll" or "proclaim from the scroll" + +# must read + +"must read out loud" or "must proclaim" + +# in the hearing of the people in his house + +"so that the people in Yahweh's house can hear them." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). + +# in the hearing of all of Judah who have come from their cities + +"so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/07.md b/jer/36/07.md index efae303030..10dff7f4e4 100644 --- a/jer/36/07.md +++ b/jer/36/07.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baruch]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jeremiah continues to give instructions to Baruch. -## translationNotes +# Perhaps -* Jeremiah continues to give instructions to Baruch. -* **Perhaps** - "Maybe" -* **their pleas for mercy** - The word "their" refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities. -* **their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh will pay attention to their pleas for mercy." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Perhaps each person will turn from his wicked way** - "Maybe they will repent; each person from his wicked way" -* **from his wicked way** - See how you translated "from his wicked path" in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:18:11]]. -* **the wrath and fury** - "the anger and rage" +"It is possible that" + +# their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh + +"Yahweh will hear them plead for mercy and do as they ask" + +# their pleas for mercy + +The word "their" refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities. + +# from his wicked way + +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a "way" or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). AT: "his wicked way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wrath and fury + +"the anger and rage" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/09.md b/jer/36/09.md index fcb3dab90f..bf79c852ac 100644 --- a/jer/36/09.md +++ b/jer/36/09.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:baruch]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 36:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# in the fifth year and ninth month of Jehoiakim ... king of Judah -* **It came about** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:36:01]]. -* **of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:25:01]]. -* **proclaimed a fast** - "called for everyone to participate in a fast" -* **Gemariah son of Shaphan** - This is the name of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the scribe** - "who was a scribe" -* **by the gate of the entrance to the house of Yahweh** - "in the entrance of the new gate of the house of Yahweh" -* **He did this** - He read aloud Jeremiah's words. -* **in the hearing of** - See how you translated "in the ears of Jerusalem" in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:02:01]]. +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. "after Jehoiakim ... had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah + +See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). + +# proclaimed a fast + +"told everyone that they were going to fast" + +# Jeremiah's words + +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Gemariah son of Shaphan + +This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the scribe + +"who was a scribe" + +# by the gate of the entrance to the house of Yahweh + +"in the entrance of the new gate of the house of Yahweh" + +# He did this + +He read aloud Jeremiah's words. + +# in the hearing of all the people + +"where all the people could hear him." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/11.md b/jer/36/11.md index ca0f194c2f..66b24d65c9 100644 --- a/jer/36/11.md +++ b/jer/36/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan -* **Micaiah** - This is the name of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan** - "Micaiah who was the son of Gemariah, who was the son of Shaphan" -* **to the secretary's room** - "to the room of the scribe" -* **Look** - The word “Look” adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **Elishama...Delaiah** - These are names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shemaiah** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:26:20]]. -* **Elnathan son of Achbor** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:26:22]]. -* **Gemariah son of Shaphan** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:36:09]]. -* **Zedekiah** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **Hananiah** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:28:01]]. -* **and all the officials** - "and all of the other officials" +"Micaiah who was the son of Gemariah, who was the son of Shaphan" + +# Micaiah + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Look + +"Pay attention to what I am going to say" + +# Elishama ... Delaiah + +These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shemaiah + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elnathan son of Akbor + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:22](../26/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gemariah son of Shaphan + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zedekiah + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:3](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hananiah + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the officials + +"all of the other officials" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/13.md b/jer/36/13.md index a2e7b47c9e..826bc257f1 100644 --- a/jer/36/13.md +++ b/jer/36/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Micaiah -* [[en:tw:baruch]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:11](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# reported to them -* **Micaiah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:36:11]]. -* **reported to them** - The word "them" refers to officials in [[en:bible:notes:jer:36:11]]. -* **in the people's hearing** - "so that the people could hear" -* **Jehudi...Nethaniah...Shelemiah...Cushi** - These are the names of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **read the scroll** - "read the scroll aloud" +The word "them" refers to officials in [Jeremiah 36:12](./11.md). + +# in the hearing of the people + +"so that the people could hear" See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). + +# Jehudi ... Nethaniah ... Shelemiah ... Cushi + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in our hearing + +"so we can hear you read it" See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). + +# read the scroll + +"read the scroll aloud" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/16.md b/jer/36/16.md index 395c3cf48e..0965ba333d 100644 --- a/jer/36/16.md +++ b/jer/36/16.md @@ -1,24 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened that -* [[en:tw:baruch]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# when they heard -* **It happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **when they heard** - The word "they" refers to the officials. -* **all these words** - the words that Baruch read aloud from the scroll -* **how did you come to write** - "how did you write" -* **at Jeremiah’s dictation** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:36:04]]. -* **dictated** - Jeremiah spoke out loud so that Baruch could write down his words. -* **wrote them in ink** - "used ink to write them" -* **ink** - a dark dye that is used for writing -* **and Jeremiah, too** - AT: "and Jeremiah should hide himself too." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **where you are** - The word "you" refers to Baruch and Jeremiah. +The word "they" refers to the officials. + +# all these words + +the words that Baruch read aloud from the scroll + +# how did you come to write + +"how did you write" + +# at Jeremiah's dictation + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:4](./04.md). + +# dictated + +Jeremiah spoke out loud so that Baruch could write down his words. + +# wrote them in ink + +"used ink to write them" + +# ink + +a dark liquid that is used for writing + +# Jeremiah, too + +You may need to make this a complete sentence. AT: "Jeremiah should hide himself, too" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# where you are + +The word "you" refers to Baruch and Jeremiah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/20.md b/jer/36/20.md index 54846ea784..ba19da565a 100644 --- a/jer/36/20.md +++ b/jer/36/20.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# So they -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Then the officials" -## translationNotes +# put the scroll in the room of Elishama -* **Then they** - The word "they" refers to the officials. -* **deposited the scroll in the room of Elishama ** - "put the scroll safely in the room of Elishama" -* **Elishama the secretary** - See how you translated "Elishama the scribe" in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:36:11]]. -* **these words** - the words of the scroll which Jeremiah had dictated to Baruch -* **Jehudi** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:36:13]]. -* **in the ninth month** - AT: "during the ninth month of the year." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **and a brazier was burning in front of him** - "and the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire" -* **a brazier** - a fireplace that people can move +"put the scroll in the room of Elishama so it would be safe" + +# Elishama the secretary + +See how you translated "Elishama the scribe" in [Jeremiah 36:12](./11.md). + +# Jehudi + +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:14](./13.md). + +# in the hearing of the king + +"where the king could hear him" See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Jeremiah starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# in the ninth month + +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. This is at the end of the sowing season and the beginning of the cold season. It is during the last part November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# a brazier was burning in front of him + +"the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire" + +# a brazier + +a fireplace that people can move \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/23.md b/jer/36/23.md index 6563633810..af258040b0 100644 --- a/jer/36/23.md +++ b/jer/36/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened that -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Jehudi -* **It happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Jehudi** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:36:13]]. -* **columns** - these are columns of words on the scroll -* **would cut it off** - "would cut that part off" -* **with a knife** - "using a scribe's knife" or "using the kind of knife that scribes use" -* **brazier** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:36:20]]. -* **until all of the scroll was destroyed** - "until the scroll was completely gone" -* **all these words** - the words from the scroll that Baruch wrote as Jeremiah dictated -* **nor did their tear their clothes** - People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. AT: "nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes." +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:14](./13.md). + +# columns + +these are columns of words on the scroll + +# would cut it off + +"would cut that part of the scroll off" + +# with a knife + +"using a scribe's knife" or "using the kind of knife that scribes use" + +# brazier + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:22](./20.md). + +# until all of the scroll was destroyed + +"until the scroll was completely gone" + +# all these words + +the words from the scroll that Baruch wrote as Jeremiah dictated + +# nor did they tear their clothes + +People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. AT: "nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/25.md b/jer/36/25.md index 2ba00f70b9..5b12ea7ffa 100644 --- a/jer/36/25.md +++ b/jer/36/25.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah -* [[en:tw:baruch]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 36:12](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# urged the king -* **Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:jer:36:11]]. -* **urged the king** - "pleaded with the king" or "entreated the king" -* **Jerahmeel...Seraiah...Azriel...Shelemiah...Abdeel** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a relative** - "a relative of the king" +"pleaded with the king" + +# Jerahmeel ... Seraiah ... Azriel ... Shelemiah ... Abdeel + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a relative + +"a relative of the king" + +# Jeremiah the prophet ... hidden them + +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/27.md b/jer/36/27.md index 1b17513057..4f00264980 100644 --- a/jer/36/27.md +++ b/jer/36/27.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah after ... dictation, saying, -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:baruch]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Then Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah after ... dictation. He said," or "After ... dictation, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# to Jeremiah ... Jeremiah's dictation -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **at Jeremiah's dictation** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:36:04]]. -* **It said** - "The message said" -* **Go back, take another scroll for yourself** - "Take another scroll for yourself again" -* **the original scroll** - "the first scroll" -* **Why have you written on it** - Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. AT: "You should not have written" or "You were wrong to write." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **for he will destroy** - "and he will destroy" +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# at Jeremiah's dictation + +See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 36:4](./04.md). + +# Go back, take another scroll for yourself + +"Take another scroll for yourself again" + +# the original scroll + +"the first scroll" + +# Why have you written on it ... beast in it'? + +Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. AT: "You should not have written ... beast in it!" or "You were wrong to write ... beast in it'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# for he will destroy + +"and he will destroy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/30.md b/jer/36/30.md index 6ae0284a0d..a76a9b40e6 100644 --- a/jer/36/30.md +++ b/jer/36/30.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# will ever sit on the throne of David -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. See how you translated "sits on the throne of David" in [Jeremiah 29:16](../29/15.md). AT: "will ever rule the Israelites as David did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# your corpse will be thrown out -* **will ever sit on the throne of David** - AT: "will ever rule as the heir of David." See how you translated "sits on the throne of David" in [[en:bible:notes:jer:29:15]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **your corpse will be thrown out ** - AT: "people will throw your dead body outside." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your corpse** - "your dead body" -* **into the heat of day** - "so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime" -* **of you all** - "of all of you" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people will throw your dead body outside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your corpse + +"your dead body" + +# into the heat of day + +"so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime" + +# frost + +ice that forms on grass during cold nights + +# of you all + +"of all of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/32.md b/jer/36/32.md index 10b69d3083..b4a192eed4 100644 --- a/jer/36/32.md +++ b/jer/36/32.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeremiah took ... Jeremiah's dictation -* [[en:tw:baruch]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah's dictation -* **at Jeremiah's dictation** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:36:04]]. -* **burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah** - "which Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire" -* **Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll** - AT: "Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "dictation" can be translated as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](./04.md). AT: "while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah + +"that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire" + +# Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/intro.md b/jer/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c5ca87d5a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 36 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Opposition to Jeremiah ##### + +Jeremiah wrote God's prophesies on a scroll but the king burned it. It is possible that this action was intended to be understood as representing the definitiveness of these prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/01.md b/jer/37/01.md index c2f3514664..600e7e34c5 100644 --- a/jer/37/01.md +++ b/jer/37/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehoiachin -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +The Hebrew text has "Coniah," which is a variation of the name "Jehoiachin." Many modern versions have "Jehoiachin" in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. -## translationNotes +# of the land -* **of the land** - "of the land of Judah" -* **he proclaimed** - "Yahweh proclaimed" -* **by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet** - AT: "through Jeremiah who was a prophet." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"of the land of Judah" + +# he proclaimed by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet + +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he proclaimed + +"Yahweh proclaimed" + +# Jeremiah the prophet + +Jeremiah refers to himself by name for reasons that are not clear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/03.md b/jer/37/03.md index 384b13598b..6e93bd171a 100644 --- a/jer/37/03.md +++ b/jer/37/03.md @@ -1,28 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Jehukal -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zephaniah]] +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Shelemiah -* **Jehucal** - This is the name of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shelemiah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:36:13]]. -* **Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:21:01]]. -* **on our behalf** - "for us" or "for our sake." The word "our" refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah. -* **Jeremiah was coming and going among the people** - AT: "Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **for he had not yet been put in prison** - "because no one had put him in prison" -* **came out** - "had set out" -* **besieging** - See how you translated this word in [[en:bible:notes:jer:32:01]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest + +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 21:1](../21/01.md). + +# on our behalf + +"for us" or "for our sake." The word "our" refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. The narrator tells background information about what Jeremiah had been doing before Zedekiah sent the message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Jeremiah was coming and going among the people + +Here "coming and going" is an idiom that means he was free to move about. AT: "Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for he had not yet been put in prison + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "because no one had put him in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# came out + +"had set out" + +# besieging + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/06.md b/jer/37/06.md index aaff575fc5..7cb606c5b2 100644 --- a/jer/37/06.md +++ b/jer/37/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah the prophet, saying, -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah the prophet. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah the prophet:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# you will say -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **you will say** - The word "you" refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehucal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. -* **to seek advice from me** - The word "me" refers to Yahweh. -* **See** - This word adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **They will fight against this city, capture it, and burn it** - Compare how you translated "to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it" in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:34:20]]. +The word "you" refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehukal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to seek advice from me + +The word "me" refers to Yahweh. + +# See + +"Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# They will fight against this city, capture it, and burn it + +Compare how you translated "to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it" in [Jeremiah 34:22](../34/20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/09.md b/jer/37/09.md index 7fe2ce5c5a..9cfe36ed12 100644 --- a/jer/37/09.md +++ b/jer/37/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not deceive yourselves -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "yourselves" refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us -* **Do not deceive yourselves ** - The word "yourselves" refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah. -* **Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us** - The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. AT: "Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us, so we will be safe." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **they would get up** - "the wounded men would get up" +The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. AT: "Surely we are safe because the Chaldeans are leaving us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they would get up + +"the wounded men would get up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/11.md b/jer/37/11.md index 06f2892f64..fd8d78857c 100644 --- a/jer/37/11.md +++ b/jer/37/11.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# So it was -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +"It came about that." This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# a tract of land -* **So it was** - "It came about that." This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **a tract of land** - "a piece of land" or "some land" -* **among his people** - "among his relatives." Jeremiah was from the town of Anathoth in the land of Benjamin. (See: [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]) -* **Benjamin Gate** - This is the name of the gate. -* **Jeriah** - This is the name of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shelemiah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:36:13]]. -* **Hananiah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:28:01]]. -* **deserting to the Chaldeans** - "escaping to the Chaldeans" +"a piece of land" or "some land" + +# among his people + +"among his relatives." Jeremiah was from the town of Anathoth in the land of Benjamin. (See: [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md)) + +# Benjamin Gate + +This is the name of the gate. + +# Irijah + +This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shelemiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hananiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# deserting + +escaping trouble and leaving people who need help \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/14.md b/jer/37/14.md index f0cf37f7ce..151fe88a81 100644 --- a/jer/37/14.md +++ b/jer/37/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# deserting -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This means escaping trouble and leaving people who need help. -## translationNotes +# Irijah -* **That is not true** - "Lie" or "That is a lie" -* **not deserting ** - "not escaping" -* **Jeriah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:37:11]]. -* **officials** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:17]]. -* **were angry** - "were extremely angry" or "were outraged" -* **Jonathan the scribe** - "Jonathan who was a scribe." This is the name of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 37:13](./11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# officials + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:18](../01/17.md). + +# Jonathan the scribe + +"Jonathan, who was a scribe." This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/16.md b/jer/37/16.md index d3d9ce2365..82865dd7b3 100644 --- a/jer/37/16.md +++ b/jer/37/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeremiah was put into an underground cell -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# brought him -* **was put into an underground cell** - "the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **brought him** - "brought Jeremiah" -* **his house** - "the palace of King Zedekiah" -* **you will be given over** - The word "you" refers to King Zedekiah and his people. -* **given over into the hand of the king of Babylon** - See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:jer:32:03]]. +"brought Jeremiah" + +# his house + +the palace of King Zedekiah + +# You will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 32:4](../32/03.md). AT: "I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon" or "I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/18.md b/jer/37/18.md index 335496f002..828e69d941 100644 --- a/jer/37/18.md +++ b/jer/37/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# How have I sinned against you ... prison? -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. AT: "I have not done anything wrong to you ... prison." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# this people -* **How have I sinned against you** - Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. AT: "I have not done anything wrong to you..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **this people** - the people of the kingdom of Judah -* **have placed** - "have put" -* **Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied...against this land** - Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. AT: "Your prophets who prophesied...against this land, were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **your prophets** - The word "your" refers to King Zedekiah and the other people of the kingdom of Judah. -* **will not come against you or against this land** - "will not attack you or attack this land" -* **my pleas come before you** - Compare how you translated "their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh" in [[en:bible:notes:jer:36:07]]. -* **the house of Jonathan the scribe** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:37:14]]. +the people of the kingdom of Judah + +# have placed + +"have put" + +# Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied ... against this land? + +Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. AT: "Your prophets who prophesied ... against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your prophets + +The word "your" refers to King Zedekiah and the other people of the kingdom of Judah. + +# will not come against you or against this land + +"will not attack you or attack this land" + +# Let my pleas come before you + +"Hear me plead for mercy and do as I ask." See how you translated "their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh" in [Jeremiah 36:7](../36/07.md). + +# the house of Jonathan the scribe + +"the house of Jonathan, who is a scribe." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:15](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/21.md b/jer/37/21.md index 3c1142ea4e..a34d6e6bf8 100644 --- a/jer/37/21.md +++ b/jer/37/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the courtyard of the guard -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:commit]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). -## translationNotes +# A loaf of bread was given him -* **committed Jeremiah to the courtyard of the guard** - "put Jeremiah safely in the courtyard of the guard" -* **of the guard** - "of the people who were guards" -* **A loaf of bread was given him** - "His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread" -* **from the street of the bakers** - "from the street where the bakers worked" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the street of the bakers + +"from the street where the bakers worked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/intro.md b/jer/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec6d28db4b --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 37 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Ironic situation ##### + +Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, "Is there any word from Yahweh?" This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God's original word. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/01.md b/jer/38/01.md index 8d22bb71cc..1cb7a079e7 100644 --- a/jer/38/01.md +++ b/jer/38/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Shephatiah ... Mattan, Gedaliah ... Pashhur, Jehukal ... Shelemiah ... Pashhur ... Malkijah -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans|Chaldea, Chaldean]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Anyone staying in this city will be killed by sword, famine, and plague -* **Shephatiah...Malchijah** - The names in this list all refer to men. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **will be killed by sword, famine, and plague** - AT: "will die by sword, famine, and plague" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He will have his own life as his plunder** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:jer:21:08]]. -* **This city will be given over into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon** - AT: "I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he will capture it** - AT: "his army will capture it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Anyone staying in this city will die by sword, famine, and plague" or "I will kill anyone staying in this city with sword, famine, and plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will escape with his own life + +The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape alive, even though he will lose all his possessions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:9](../21/08.md). + +# This city will be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he will capture it + +The reader should understand that others will help the king of Babylon capture the city. "his army will capture it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/04.md b/jer/38/04.md index 72aa4cd5f6..d88af25d9b 100644 --- a/jer/38/04.md +++ b/jer/38/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Let this man die -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah|Zedekiah]] +"Order someone to kill this man" -## translationNotes +# he is weakening the hands of the fighting men who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people -* **he is weakening the hands of the fighting men who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people** - AT: "he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for this man is not working for safety for this people, but disaster** - AT: "for Jeremiah is not working to help this people, but he is working to hurt this people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Look, he is in your hand** - The word “Look” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "See, you have power over him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Weak hands are a metonym for a person who is afraid. AT: "he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for this man is not working for safety for this people, but disaster + +"for Jeremiah is not working to help this people be safe, but he is working for bad things to happen to this people" + +# Look + +"Listen carefully" + +# he is in your hand + +The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand has. AT: "you are able do whatever you want with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/06.md b/jer/38/06.md index b0b9b1c89a..d9528bd7f7 100644 --- a/jer/38/06.md +++ b/jer/38/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they ... threw him into the cistern -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] +They literally "lowered Jeremiah down on ropes," but the word "threw" is an exaggeration to say that they treated him roughly. Your language may have another way of saying this. AT: "they ... roughly pushed him into the cistern" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# cistern -* **threw him into the cistern** - A "cistern" is a deep hole in the ground used for collecting and storing rain water. AT: "put him into the cistern" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They lowered Jeremiah down on ropes** - This tells how they "threw" him into the cistern. +a deep hole in the ground where people collect and store rain water + +# the courtyard of the guard + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). + +# They lowered Jeremiah down on ropes + +This tells how "they threw him into the cistern." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/07.md b/jer/38/07.md index 0a1679addf..23425447bc 100644 --- a/jer/38/07.md +++ b/jer/38/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Ebed-Melek -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:cush|Cush]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch|eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Ebed-Melek the Cushite -* **Ebed Melech the Cushite** - This is the name of a man from Cush. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Now the king** - Here the word "Now" marks a break in the main storyline where the narrator tells background information about what the king was doing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **sitting at the Benjamin Gate** - Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Benjamin Gate** - This is an entrance into the city of Jerusalem that people named after Benjamin, Jacob's son. +This is the name of a man from Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Now the king + +Here the word "now" marks a break in the main storyline where the narrator tells background information about what the king was doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# sitting at the Benjamin Gate + +King Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Benjamin Gate + +This is an entrance into the city of Jerusalem that people named after Benjamin, Jacob's son. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/10.md b/jer/38/10.md index e838c48ac9..9704c7cc8b 100644 --- a/jer/38/10.md +++ b/jer/38/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# thirty men -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +"30 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# let them down by ropes -* **thirty men** - AT: "30 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **let them down by ropes** - "used ropes to lower them down" +"used ropes to lower them down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/12.md b/jer/38/12.md index 73fd344795..ab11edd123 100644 --- a/jer/38/12.md +++ b/jer/38/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# under your arms and on top of the ropes -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] +"between your arms and the ropes" -## translationNotes +# they pulled Jeremiah -* **and on top of the ropes** - "and around the ropes" -* **they pulled Jeremiah** - Here the word "they" refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed Melech. +Here the word "they" refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed-Melech. + +# the courtyard of the guard + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/14.md b/jer/38/14.md index 47fdacf375..1e5b0162ac 100644 --- a/jer/38/14.md +++ b/jer/38/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# If I answer you, will you not certainly kill me? -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +Jeremiah uses this question to express his belief that the king will kill him if he answers truthfully. AT: "If I tell you the truth, you will certainly kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# As Yahweh lives, the one who made us -* **If I answer you, will you not certainly kill me?** - Jeremiah uses this question to express his belief that the king will kill him if he answers truthfully. AT: "If I tell you the truth, you will certainly kill me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **As Yahweh lives, the one who made us** - The king says this to emphasize that what he is about to say next is true. AT: "Just as it is true that Yahweh, the one who made us, lives, it is true that" -* **give you into the hand of those men** - Here the word "hand" refers to the men's control or power. AT: "allow those men to capture you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **are seeking your life** - AT: "are trying to kill you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"as surely as Yahweh, the one who made us, is alive." This is a way of making a solemn promise. The king says it to emphasize that what he is about to say next is true. See how you translated "As Yahweh lives" in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear by Yahweh, the one who made us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will not ... give you into the hand of those men + +Here the word "hand" refers to the men's control or power. AT: "I will not ... allow those men to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seeking your life + +This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). AT: "trying to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/17.md b/jer/38/17.md index 109c4dec74..2fdf0dbefd 100644 --- a/jer/38/17.md +++ b/jer/38/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# God of Israel -* [[en:tw:Babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The name of the people group is metonym for the people of that group. AT: "God of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# this city will not be burned -* **God of Israel** - AT: "God of the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **this city will not be burned** - AT: "the Babylonian army will not burn this city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **this city will be given over into the hand of the Chaldeans** - AT: “I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **escape from their hand** - AT: "escape from their power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Babylonian army will not burn this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this city will be given into the hand of the Chaldeans + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 38:2](./01.md). AT: "I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city" or "I will allow the Chaldeans to do whatever they want with this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will not escape from their hand + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. AT: "you will not escape from their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/19.md b/jer/38/19.md index 75589cec1c..fd00282db0 100644 --- a/jer/38/19.md +++ b/jer/38/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# deserted -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] +escaped trouble and left people who needed help. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:13](../37/11.md). -## translationNotes +# I might be given over into their hand -* **I might be given over into their hand** - Here "hand" means "control" or "power." AT: "the Chaldeans may give me to the Judeans" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for them to treat me badly** - Here the word "them" refers to the Judeans. +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Chaldeans might put me under the control of the people of Judah who have deserted" or "the Chaldeans might allow the people of Judah who have deserted to do whatever they want with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for them to treat me badly + +Here the word "them" refers to the people of Judah who have deserted. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/20.md b/jer/38/20.md index 96745c74e1..43e415703c 100644 --- a/jer/38/20.md +++ b/jer/38/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They will not give you over to them -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] +"The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans." Here "you" refers to Zedekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# this is what Yahweh has shown me -* **They will not give you over to them** - "The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans." Here "you" refers to Zedekiah. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **this is what Yahweh has shown me** - Here the word "this" refers to what Jeremiah will say next. +Here the word "this" refers to what Jeremiah will say next. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/22.md b/jer/38/22.md index feb7d561ef..080dd90551 100644 --- a/jer/38/22.md +++ b/jer/38/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Jeremiah continues speaking with King Zedekiah. -## translationNotes +# All the women who are left ... will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon -* Jeremiah continues speaking with King Zedekiah. -* **All the women who are left...will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon** - AT: "Soldiers will bring all the women who are left...out to the officials of the king of Babylon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You have been deceived by your friends** - AT: "Your friends have deceived you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Your feet are now sunk into the mud** - This means that the king is in a difficult or helpless situation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For all of your wives and children will be brought out to the Chaldeans** - AT: "Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **escape from their hand** - AT: “escape from their power” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned** - Here "hand" refers to the king's power or his army. AT: "The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The reader should understand that the officials will take these women as slaves. AT: "Soldiers will bring all the women who are left ... out to the officials of the king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You have been deceived by your friends + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Your friends have deceived you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your feet are now sunk into the mud + +The king is now helpless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For all of your wives and children will be brought out to the Chaldeans + +The reader should understand that the officials will take these people as slaves. AT: "Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will not escape from their hand + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. AT: "will not escape from their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. AT: "The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/24.md b/jer/38/24.md index e409c8b897..c8a54fc9f5 100644 --- a/jer/38/24.md +++ b/jer/38/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Jonathan -* [[en:tw:Zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:word]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Jonathan** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:37:14]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/27.md b/jer/38/27.md index 225f83a237..15db64741e 100644 --- a/jer/38/27.md +++ b/jer/38/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the conversation between Jeremiah and the king -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +The abstract noun "conversation" can be translated as a verb. AT: "what Jeremiah and the king said to each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the courtyard of the guard -* **until the day Jerusalem was captured** - AT: "until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). + +# until the day Jerusalem was captured + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/intro.md b/jer/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6129fbbc76 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 38 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Surrender and live ##### + +If the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/01.md b/jer/39/01.md index e7e35aa092..e1e4931367 100644 --- a/jer/39/01.md +++ b/jer/39/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# came ... against Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:siege|siege, besiege]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah|Zedekiah]] +"came to attack Jerusalem" -## translationNotes +# In the ninth year and tenth month of Zedekiah king of Judah -* **In the ninth year and tenth month Zedekiah king of Judah** - "When Zedekiah had been king of Judah for 9 years and 10 months" ( See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **In the eleventh year and fourth month of Zedekiah, on the ninth day of the month** - "When Zedekiah had been king for 11 years, 4 months, and 9 days" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday]]) -* **Nergal Sharezer, Samgar Nebo, and Sarsechim** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in the middle gate** - "in the middle entrance to the city." It was common for leaders to sit at the gate of the city to discuss important matters. +This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for eight years, in the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. AT: "In the tenth month of the ninth year that Zedekiah was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# ninth ... tenth ... eleventh ... fourth + +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] + +# In the eleventh year and fourth month of Zedekiah, on the ninth day of the month + +This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than ten years, in the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The eleventh day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. AT: "On the ninth day of the fourth month of the eleventh year that Zedekiah was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# Nebo-Sarsekim, Samgar Nebo, and Sarsechim + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the middle gate + +"in the middle entrance to the city." It was common for leaders to sit at the gate of the city to discuss important matters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/04.md b/jer/39/04.md index 5d3888d775..d2877dfac0 100644 --- a/jer/39/04.md +++ b/jer/39/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They went out at night from the city by the king's garden path -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] +"They left the city at night going out on a path in the king's garden" -## translationNotes +# the plains of the Jordan River valley -* **They went out at night from the city by king's garden path** - "They left the city at night going out on a path in the kings's garden" -* **the plains of the Jordan River valley** - This is the flat land at the southern end of the valley. -* **at Riblah in the land of Hamath** - Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. They are in Syria. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **pursued them and overtook** - "followed and caught" -* **passed sentence on him** - "decided how to punish him" +This is the flat land at the southern end of the valley. + +# at Riblah in the land of Hamath + +Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath, which is in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pursued them and overtook + +"followed them and caught" + +# passed sentence on him + +"decided how to punish him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/06.md b/jer/39/06.md index a8e0ed4eef..c9f2aa5796 100644 --- a/jer/39/06.md +++ b/jer/39/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# slaughtered Zedekiah's sons before his own eyes -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:bond|bind, bond, bound]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:noble|noble, nobleman]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] +The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah's sons. AT: "forced Zedekiah to watch as the king's soldiers killed Zedekiah's sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# he put out Zedekiah's eyes -* **before his own eyes** - AT: "as he watched them do it" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he put out Zedekiah's eyes** - "the king's men made Zedekiah blind" or "the king's men blinded Zedekiah" +"the king's men made Zedekiah blind." Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah's eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/08.md b/jer/39/08.md index f50d95926e..4e4f21eeb2 100644 --- a/jer/39/08.md +++ b/jer/39/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the king's house -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:exile|exile, the Exile]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +Zedekiah's house -## translationNotes +# the people's houses -* **Nebuzaradan** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the king's bodyguards** - "Nebuchadnezzar's guards" -* **the rest of the people who were left in the city** - "the people remaining in the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +the houses that had belonged to the people of Jerusalem + +# Nebuzaradan + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the king's bodyguards + +"Nebuchadnezzar's guards" + +# the rest of the people who were left in the city + +This is probably a generalization. AT: "the people who were still living in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# who had nothing for themselves + +The word "nothing" is probably an exaggeration. AT: "who owned nothing of great value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/11.md b/jer/39/11.md index a6f9be99fc..bb20a5dde0 100644 --- a/jer/39/11.md +++ b/jer/39/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Nebushazban ... Gedaliah ... Ahikam ... Shaphan -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard, court]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch|eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# sent men out -* **Nebushazban...Gedaliah...Ahikam...Shaphan** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **sent men out** - AT: "sent men out to get Jeremiah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **among the people** - "among the people who remained in Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +They sent them out to get Jeremiah. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "sent men out to get Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the courtyard of the guard + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). + +# among the people + +You may need to make explicit which people the speaker is speaking of. AT: "among the people who remained in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/15.md b/jer/39/15.md index 241c88673f..125a082d4b 100644 --- a/jer/39/15.md +++ b/jer/39/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:cush|Cush]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +This story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter. -## translationNotes +# Now -* This story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter, -* **Now** - This marks a new section of the story. -* **the word of Yahweh had come to Jeremiah...It said** - "Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah...He said" -* **Ebed Melech the Cushite** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:38:07]]. -* **I am about to carry out my words against this city for diasaster and not for good** - "I am bringing disaster against this city just as I said I would" -* **For they will all come true before you on that day** - "For you will see it all happen on that day" +This word is used here to mark a return to the story line, as the narrator tells what Yahweh had said to Jeremiah after Nebuchadnezzar gave the orders about Jeremiah ([Jeremiah 39:12-14](./11.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah while he was ... guard, saying, + +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah while he was ... guard. He said," or "while Jeremiah was ... guard, Yahweh spoke this message to him:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the courtyard of the guard + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). + +# Ebed-Melek the Cushite + +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 38:7](../38/07.md). + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# I am about to carry out my words against this city for disaster and not for good + +"I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would" + +# For they will all come true before you on that day + +"For you will see it all happen on that day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/17.md b/jer/39/17.md index 8b3903f02e..677a339afa 100644 --- a/jer/39/17.md +++ b/jer/39/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -## translationNotes +# that day -* Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -* **that day** - This refers to the day the Babylonians break through the walls of Jerusalem to destroy the city. -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **you will not be put into the hand of the men whom you fear** - Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "the men you fear will not harm you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You will not fall by the sword** - AT: "No one will kill you with their sword" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Your life will be your own plunder, since you trust in me** - "Your reward for trusting me is not being killed" +This refers to the day the Babylonians break through the walls of Jerusalem to destroy the city. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you will not be given into the hand of the men whom you fear + +Here "hand" refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. AT: "the men you fear will not harm you" or "I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will not fall by the sword + +The sword is a metonym for dying in war. AT: "No one will kill you with their sword" or "You will not die in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with your life + +"alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/intro.md b/jer/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f037978fa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Jeremiah 39 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/01.md b/jer/40/01.md index 32281ae6de..06f84cfcae 100644 --- a/jer/40/01.md +++ b/jer/40/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:exile|exile, the Exile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:ramah|Ramah]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:1](../32/01.md) AT: "Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Nebuzaradan -* **This was the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh** - "This is what Yahweh said to Jeremiah" -* **Nebuzaradan, captain of the king's bodyguards** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:30:08]]. -* **That was where Jeremiah had been taken to, and where he had been bound with chains** - AT: "That was where the Babylonian soldiers had taken Jeremiah and put him in chains" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who were to be exiled to Babylon ** - AT: "whom the soldiers were sending to Babylon" +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who were being carried into exile to Babylon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the soldiers were about to take to Babylon as exiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/03.md b/jer/40/03.md index 65030629a0..46afb2509d 100644 --- a/jer/40/03.md +++ b/jer/40/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# this thing -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +"this disaster" -## translationNotes +# But now look! -* **Yahweh brought it about. He did just as he had decreed** - AT: "Yahweh did what he told you he would do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **since you people sinned against him and did not obey his voice** - AT: "since you Judeans sinned against Yahweh and did not obey his command" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **this thing has happened** - "this disaster has happened" -* **But now look!** - Nebuzaradan says this to bring Jeremiah's attention to the present moment. -* **it is good in your eyes** - AT: "you want to" +Nebuzaradan says this to bring Jeremiah's attention to the present moment. + +# it is good in your eyes + +"Eyes" here is a metonym for what the person thinks. AT: "it is what you consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/05.md b/jer/40/05.md index 2bbeeb86df..d9bde11f24 100644 --- a/jer/40/05.md +++ b/jer/40/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Gedaliah ... Ahikam ... Shaphan -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:commander|commander]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gift|gift]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah|Mizpah]] +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). -## translationNotes +# among the people -* **Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:jer:39:11]]. -* **among the people** - "among the Judeans" -* **it is good in your eyes** - AT: "you think it is good" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who were left behind in the land** - "who stayed in Judah" +"among the Judeans" + +# it is good in your eyes + +"Eyes" here is a metonym for what the person thinks. AT: "it is what you consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who were left behind in the land + +"who stayed in Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/07.md b/jer/40/07.md index a1f40b2399..8c9d226bcf 100644 --- a/jer/40/07.md +++ b/jer/40/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] +This marks a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# those who had not been exiled to Babylon -* **Now** - This marks a new part of the story. -* **those who had not been exiled to Babylon** - AT: "those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Ishmael ... and Jaazaniah** - In 40:8 these are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **son of the Maacathite** - This refers to a person from the region of Maacah. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Ishmael ... Nethaniah ... Johanan ... Jonathan ... Kareah ... Seraiah ... Tanhumeth ... Ephai ... Jaazaniah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Netophathite ... Maakathite + +people from the regions of Netophah and Maakah \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/09.md b/jer/40/09.md index 2d5262ca99..cea9f8c744 100644 --- a/jer/40/09.md +++ b/jer/40/09.md @@ -1,28 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# took an oath to them -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans|Chaldea, Chaldean]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +"swore to the Judean commanders" -## translationNotes +# Look -* **took an oath to them** - "swore to the Judean commanders" -* **summer fruit** - This refers to seasonal crops. -* **Live in the cities that you have occupied** - "Live in your cities" +"Listen carefully" or "Pay attention" + +# summer fruit + +"fruit that becomes ripe during the summer" + +# you have occupied + +"you have taken over." "Occupy" here is a military term. Gedaliah was talking to soldiers ([Jeremiah 40:7](./07.md)) who may have conquered or otherwise taken control of cities. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/11.md b/jer/40/11.md index 96a93597f6..046fe64934 100644 --- a/jer/40/11.md +++ b/jer/40/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# remnant of Judah -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +"remnant of the people of Judah" -## translationNotes +# had appointed ... over them -* **all the Judeans** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:32:10]]. -* **among the people of ** - AT: "all the Judeans among the people of Ammon." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **a remnant of Judah** - "a remnant of the people of Judah" -* **had appointed...over them** - "had put... in charge of them" -* **Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:39:11]]. -* **over them** - "over the people of Judah" -* **where they had been scattered** - "where they had fled to" or AT: "where the Babylonians had driven them." (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **wine and summer fruit in great abundance** - "a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **summer fruit** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:40:09]]. +"had put ... in charge of them" + +# Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). + +# over them + +"over the people of Judah" + +# where they had been scattered + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "where the Babylonians had driven them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wine and summer fruit in great abundance + +"a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit" + +# summer fruit + +"fruit that becomes ripe during the summer." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:10](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/13.md b/jer/40/13.md index b1ed822fec..a3d368634d 100644 --- a/jer/40/13.md +++ b/jer/40/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Johanan ... Kareah -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:jonathan]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 40:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Gedaliah -* **Jonathan...Kareah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:jer:40:07]]. -* **Gedaliah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:39:11]]. -* **“Do you realize that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishamael son of Nethaniah to murder you?”** - AT: "Certainly, you should realize that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Baalis** - This is the name of a king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ishamael son of Nethaniah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:jer:40:07]]. -* **Ahikim** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:26:22]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Do you realize that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you? + +Johanan and the commanders use a rhetorical question to warn Gedaliah. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You need to understand that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Baalis + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ishmael ... Nethaniah + +Translate these names as in [Jeremiah 40:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ahikim + +See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/15.md b/jer/40/15.md index b16a3743f7..2306fb931b 100644 --- a/jer/40/15.md +++ b/jer/40/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Johanan ... Kareah -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Gedaliah -* **Jonathan...Kareah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:jer:40:07]]. -* **spoke privately to Gedaliah ** - "spoke to Gedaliah in secret" -* **Gedaliah** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:39:11]]. -* **Ishmael the son of Nethaniah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:40:07]]. -* **No one will suspect me** - "No one will know" -* **Why should he kill you** - AT: "You should not allow him to kill you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why allow all of Judah...** - AT: "Do not allow so many of the people of Judah..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **all of Judah that has been gathered to you** - "the people of Judah that have come to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **to be scattered** - AT: "to flee away to many different lands." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and the remnant of Judah destroyed** - AT: "and allow the remnant of Judah to perish." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **the remnant of Judah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:40:11]]. -* **Ahikam** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jer:26:22]]. +See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). + +# Ishmael ... Nethaniah + +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:8](./07.md). + +# No one will suspect me + +"No one will think that I did it" + +# Why should he kill you? + +Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to change Gedaliah's thinking. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not allow him to kill you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why allow all of Judah that has been gathered to you to be scattered and the remnant of Judah destroyed? + +Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to get Gedaliah to think about what will happen if Gedaliah does what Gedaliah is planning to do. AT: "If you do this, all of Judah that has been gathered to you will be scattered and the remnant of Judah will be destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# all of Judah + +The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "many of the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# that has been gathered to you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "who have come to you" or "whom Yahweh has brought to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be scattered + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "to have the Chaldeans scatter them" or "to flee away to many different lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the remnant of Judah destroyed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "allow the Chaldeans to destroy the remnant of Judah" or "and allow the remnant of Judah to perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# remnant of Judah + +"remnant of the people of Judah." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:11](./11.md). + +# Ahikam + +See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/intro.md b/jer/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e57e0431eb --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 40 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Peace in Judah ##### + +After Babylon conquered Jerusalem, this chapter reveals an unfolding peace in the area. Ammon, who was supposed to be Judah's ally against Babylon, probably sought to distract Babylon from attacking them by ruining the peace in the region of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/01.md b/jer/41/01.md index ad9c4f912e..c6cb7b45dc 100644 --- a/jer/41/01.md +++ b/jer/41/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# it happened that -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# in the seventh month -* **it happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in the seventh month** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **Ishmael...Nethaniah...Elishama...Gedaliah...Ahikam** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Ishmael son of Nethaniah + +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elishama + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan + +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in charge of the land + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "in charge of the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then Ishmael killed + +Here "Ishmael" represents himself and the ten men with him. AT: "Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the Chaldean fighting men found there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "also the Chaldean soldiers there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/04.md b/jer/41/04.md index ae58d11d94..63ac7a24dd 100644 --- a/jer/41/04.md +++ b/jer/41/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the second day after -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] +The word "second" is the ordinal form of the number 2. Possible meanings are 1) "the day after" or 2) "two days after" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# eighty men -* **eighty men** - "80 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **in their hands** - "Hands" represents the men. AT: "in their possession" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"80 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who had shaved their beard, torn their clothes, and cut themselves + +These are symbolic actions that show that the men are mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in their hands + +Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. AT: "in their possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to go to Yahweh's house + +"to go worship Yahweh at his temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/06.md b/jer/41/06.md index 01a15326dc..eeada60ed3 100644 --- a/jer/41/06.md +++ b/jer/41/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to meet them -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +"to meet the 80 men" -## translationNotes +# Then it happened -* **as he encountered them** - AT: "as Ishmael came closer to the 80 men" -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Ishmael son of Nethaniah slaughtered them and threw them into a pit, he and the men who were with him** - AT: "Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit" +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# It came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# Ishmael son of Nethaniah slaughtered them and threw them into a pit, he and the men who were with him + +It is stated it in [Jeremiah 41:8](./08.md) that Ishmael and his men did not kill all 80 men. You can state here that they killed most of the 80 men. AT: "Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/08.md b/jer/41/08.md index 4f98eedf8a..c220272d76 100644 --- a/jer/41/08.md +++ b/jer/41/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# ten men among them -* [[en:tw:asa]] -* [[en:tw:baasha]] -* [[en:tw:barley]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +The word "them" refers to the 80 men. -## translationNotes +# for there are provisions of ours in a field -* **ten men among them** - The word "them" refers to the 80 men. -* **provisions** - supplies to be used to provide for future needs. -* **corpses** - "dead bodies" -* **had been dug** - "King Asa dug this large pit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +It is implied that they would give their provisions to Ishmael and his men. AT: "for we will give you our provisions that we have hidden in a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# provisions + +supplies to be used to provide for future needs + +# The cistern where Ishmael ... against King Baasha of Israel + +This is background information about the cistern that Ishmael used. King Asa had his men dig the cistern so his people would have a water supply when King Baasha attacked them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# that King Asa dug + +Here King Asa represents his men. AT: "that King Asa ordered his men to dig" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against King Baasha of Israel + +Here King Baasha represents himself and his army. AT: "against Baasha, king of Israel, and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Ishmael son of Nethaniah filled it + +Here Ishmael represents himself and all of his men. AT: "Ishmael and his men filled it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with the dead + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "with those who were dead" or "with those they had killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/10.md b/jer/41/10.md index d69ed93282..8bf3da2c4a 100644 --- a/jer/41/10.md +++ b/jer/41/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Ishmael captured -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Here Ishmael represents himself and his men. AT: "Ishmael and his men captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Nebuzaradan -* **who were left in Mitzpah** - "who were still in Mitzpah" -* **Ishmael...Nebuzaradan...Gedaliah...Ahikam...Nethaniah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# went to cross over to the people of Ammon + +"traveled towards the land of the Ammonites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/11.md b/jer/41/11.md index 5a075e97e0..98218483cf 100644 --- a/jer/41/11.md +++ b/jer/41/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Johanan ... Kareah -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Ishmael son of Nethaniah ... found him -* **Johanan...Kareah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They found him** - "They found Ishmael and his men" +Here "Ishmael" represents himself and all of his men. AT: "Ishmael and his men ... found them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/13.md b/jer/41/13.md index e679e5f9fb..b3273d30f9 100644 --- a/jer/41/13.md +++ b/jer/41/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then it happened that +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# when all the people who were with Ishmael -* **Then it happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Ishmael, Jochanan, Kareah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "people" refers to those whom Ishmael and his men had captured. + +# whom Ishmael had captured + +Here "Ishmael" represents himself and all of his men. AT: "whom Ishmael and his men had captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/15.md b/jer/41/15.md index 2b2d5f372d..f68cdb216c 100644 --- a/jer/41/15.md +++ b/jer/41/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He went to the people of Ammon -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] +"He" refers to Ishmael who represents himself and the eight men with him. AT: "They went to the people of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# who had been rescued -* ** Ishmael... Nethaniah...Gedaliah...Ahikam** - See how you translated the names of these men in [[en:bible:notes:jer:41:01]]. -* **Jochanan...Kareah** - See how you translated the names of these men in [[en:bible:notes:jer:41:11]]. -* **who had been rescued from Ishmael** - AT: "he and his army had rescued from Ishmael" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **This was after Ishmael had killed Gedaliah son of Ahikam** - The author stops the story to refer to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom they had rescued" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This was after Ishmael had killed Gedaliah son of Ahikam + +The author stops the story to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the strong men, the fighting men + +These both refer to soldiers. AT: "the soldiers" + +# who had been rescued at Gibeon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom they had rescued at Gibeon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/17.md b/jer/41/17.md index 37fad7bc90..be53024b57 100644 --- a/jer/41/17.md +++ b/jer/41/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they went -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +"Johanan, his companions, and all the people they rescued went" -## translationNotes +# Geruth Kimham -* **Geruth Chimham** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **because of the Chaldeans** - AT: "because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in charge of the land** - AT: "in charge of the land of Judah" +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# because of the Chaldeans + +It is implied that they were afraid that the Chaldeans would attack them. AT: "because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in charge of the land + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "in charge of the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/intro.md b/jer/41/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ca57834895 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/41/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Jeremiah 41 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Life in Judah ##### +This chapter explains what life was like in Judah after the Babylonian conquest. It was a difficult and dangerous time, but some of the faithful remained in the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 41:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/01.md b/jer/42/01.md index 036990277c..d1541ab95c 100644 --- a/jer/42/01.md +++ b/jer/42/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Johanan ... Kareah -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:commander|commander]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:plead|plead, pleading, plea]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jezaniah ... Hoshaiah -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Johanan... Kereah...Jezaniah...Hoshaiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **all the people from the least to the greatest** - This is a way to refer to people from every social level. AT: "people from every social level" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **Let our pleas come before you** - AT: "Let us present our urgent request to you" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the people from the least to the greatest + +This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here "least" and "greatest" represent those who are least important and those who are most important. AT: "all the people from every social status" or "all the people, including the least important and the most important people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# all the people + +Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word "all" is a generalization that means very many people went. AT: "many other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Let our pleas come before you + +"Let us present our urgent request to you." The abstract noun "pleas" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Listen as we plead with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/04.md b/jer/42/04.md index 2fc3652a27..cb57a1f4a5 100644 --- a/jer/42/04.md +++ b/jer/42/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# I will keep nothing back from you -* **Look** - AT: "Pay attention to what I'm about to tell you" -* **I will keep nothing back from you** - AT: "I will tell you everything the Lord tells me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **true and faithful** - Both of these words have the same meaning. AT: "trustworthy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Whether it is good or if it is bad** - Both extremes are mentioned to refer to every possible answer. AT: "Whatever his answer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **the voice of Yahweh our God** - Yahweh is referred to by what he uses to respond to their question. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The phrase "keep nothing back from you" is an idiom that means to tell someone everything. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I will tell you everything the Lord tells me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May Yahweh be + +This is a way of beginning an oath. AT: "We ask Yahweh to be" or "Yahweh will be" + +# true and faithful + +Here these words share similar meanings. They describe Yahweh as a witness whom no one will be able to contradict. AT: "trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Whether it is good or if it is bad + +The people mention both extremes to emphasize that they will obey no matter what Yahweh's answer is. AT: "Whatever he answers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the voice of Yahweh our God + +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh says. AT: "what Yahweh our God says" or "we will obey Yahweh our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/07.md b/jer/42/07.md index 323af6dc12..c5a67f524b 100644 --- a/jer/42/07.md +++ b/jer/42/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# to all the people from the least to the greatest -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* **all the people from the least to the greatest** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:42:01]]. -* **I might lay your pleas before him** - "I would present your urgent request to him" -* **I will build you and not tear you down** - Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. AT: "I will cause you to prosper and no be destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will plant you and not pull you up** - Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will turn back the disaster that I have brought on you** - A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. AT: "I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you" +This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here "least" and "greatest" represent those who are least important and those who are most important. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 42:1](./01.md). AT: "to all the people from every social status" or "to all the people, including the least important and the most important people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# to all the people + +Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word "all" is a generalization that means very many people went. AT: "to many other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# I might lay your pleas before him + +"I would present your urgent request to him." Telling the people's request to Yahweh is spoken of as if Jeremiah laid their requests in front of Yahweh. AT: "I might tell him your requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will build you and not tear you down + +Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. AT: "I will cause you to prosper and I will not destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will plant you and not pull you up + +Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will turn back the disaster that I have brought on you + +A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. AT: "I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/11.md b/jer/42/11.md index 79964cff7a..a4c500d75b 100644 --- a/jer/42/11.md +++ b/jer/42/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# to save you and rescue you -* **rescue you from his hand** - AT: "rescue you from his power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **to save you and rescue you** - The words "save" and "rescue" mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. AT: "to save you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The words "save" and "rescue" mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will, indeed, save. AT: "to save you completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# rescue you from his hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to power and authority. AT: "rescue you from his power" or "rescue you from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/13.md b/jer/42/13.md index f894038fd5..5128b1b86a 100644 --- a/jer/42/13.md +++ b/jer/42/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# if you do not listen to my voice, the voice of Yahweh your God -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Here "voice" represents a command. To not obey is like the people did not hear Yahweh's command. AT: "if you do not obey my commands, even though I am Yahweh, your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# where we will not see any war, where we will not hear the sound of the trumpet -* **if you do not listen to the voice of me, Yahweh your God.** - To not obey is like the people did not hear Yahweh's command. AT: "if you do not obey my commands, even though I am Yahweh, your God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **where we will not see any war, where we will not hear the sound of the trumpet** - Both of these phrases described being at war by the ability to see or hear it. AT: "where we will not experience the hardships of war" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **we will not go hungry for food** - Being hungry for food is used to describe famine. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Both of these phrases describe being at war by the ability to see or hear it. AT: "where we will not experience the hardships of war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# we will not go hungry for food + +Being hungry for food is used to describe famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/15.md b/jer/42/15.md index d0e42d1984..8e21155884 100644 --- a/jer/42/15.md +++ b/jer/42/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The word "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# to this word of Yahweh -* **the sword that you fear will overtake you** - AT: "You will experience the terrible results of war there." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The famine that you are worrying about will pursue you to Egypt** - Famine is referred to as something that can pursue something else. AT: "You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **all the men** - The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. AT: "everyone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"to Yahweh's message" + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# the sword that you fear will overtake you + +Here "the sword" represents war. The Israelites experiencing war even if they go to Egypt is spoken of as if the sword would chase after the people catch up with them. AT: "you will experience the terrible results of war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The famine that you are worrying about will pursue you to Egypt + +The Israelites experiencing famine even in Egypt is spoken of as if famine would chase after them. AT: "You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# all the men who set out + +The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. AT: "anyone who sets out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# set out to go to + +"depart for" or "leave for" + +# the disaster that I will bring on them + +Causing a disaster is spoken of as if disaster were an object that is brought to a person. AT: "the disaster that I will cause to happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/18.md b/jer/42/18.md index c1c5e2602d..21bccf6116 100644 --- a/jer/42/18.md +++ b/jer/42/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor|dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## translationNotes +# my wrath and my fury were poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem -* **as my wrath and my fury** - Both of these words are used to describe great anger. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **my wrath and my fury were poured out** - Emotions are described as something that can be poured like water. This description expresses that Yahweh will not hold back from punishing the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **an object of cursing and a horror, an object for speaking curses, and something dishonorable.** - Yahweh is basically saying the same thing twice for emphasis. The phrase "object of cursing" means others would say they want their enemies to be like the people of Jerusalem because the people of Israel are so miserable.(See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I have been a witness** - Yahweh has been the one who makes sure the people of Israel are punished if they do not keep their promise to obey Yahweh's command. +Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if wrath and fury were liquids that he poured out on the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I became very angry and punished the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my wrath and my fury + +The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his wrath. AT: "my terrible wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in the same way my fury will be poured out on you + +Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will became very angry and punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will become an object of cursing and a horror, an object for speaking curses, and something dishonorable + +All of these statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the nations will treat the people of Judah after Yahweh punishes them. AT: "People will be terrified when they see what has happened to you. They will curse and mock you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I have been a witness against you + +The phrase "been a witness against" is an idiom that means to give a warning. AT: "I have warned you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/20.md b/jer/42/20.md index c080c58c64..3317914a6a 100644 --- a/jer/42/20.md +++ b/jer/42/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# we will carry it out -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:report|report]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This is an idiom. AT: "we will do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# you have not listened -* **you will pay with your lives** - AT: "you will die as the punishment for your sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **we will carry it out** - AT: "we will do it" -* **you will die by sword** - War is referred to by a weapon used to fight. AT: "You will die in warfare." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in the place where you desired to go to live** - AT: "in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"you have not paid attention" + +# to the voice of Yahweh your God + +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh commanded. AT: "to what Yahweh your God commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# now + +The word "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# you will die by sword + +Here "sword" represents war. AT: "you will die in warfare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the place where you desired to go to live + +They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/intro.md b/jer/42/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d057f15719 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/42/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Jeremiah 42 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Life in Babylon ##### +The remaining army commanders, who scattered after the Babylonian victory, asked Jeremiah to ask Yahweh about where they should go. Yahweh encouraged them to go to Babylon because they would soon return to the Promised Land. They would be punished if they went to Egypt or anywhere else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 42:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../41/intro.md) | [>>](../43/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/43/01.md b/jer/43/01.md index ea37262358..4c82fa71d3 100644 --- a/jer/43/01.md +++ b/jer/43/01.md @@ -1,42 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened that -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:azariah]] -* [[en:tw:azariah|Azariah]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:baruch]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans|Chaldea, Chaldean]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Azariah -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **It happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Hoshaiah...Johanan...Kareah...Neriah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **inciting** - to cause someone to want to harm others. +Possible meanings are 1) this is another name for Jezaniah in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md) or 2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hoshaiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Johanan ... Kareah + +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# inciting + +to cause someone to act in a harmful or violent way + +# to deliver us into the hand of the Chaldeans + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "to give us over to the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for you to cause our death and to make us captives in Babylon + +The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "to kill." AT: "for you to cause the Chaldeans to either kill us or to take us as captives to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/43/04.md b/jer/43/04.md index f902093d00..f7ce4e3861 100644 --- a/jer/43/04.md +++ b/jer/43/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# all the people -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:commander|commander]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +This probably did not include every individual there. The word "all" is a generalization that means many people. AT: "many of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# refused to listen to Yahweh's voice -* **refused to listen to Yahweh's voice** - AT: "would not obey Yahweh's command" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **where they had been scattered** - AT: "where Yahweh had caused them to go and be separated" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Nebuzaradan...Gedaliah...Ahikam...Shaphan ** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Tahpanhes ** - This is the name of a city. +Here "voice" represents commands. And here "to listen" means "to obey." AT: "would not obey Yahweh's command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# where they had been scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where Yahweh had scattered them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Nebuzaradan + +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gedaliah ... Ahikam ... Shaphan + +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tahpanhes + +See how you translated the name of this city in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/43/08.md b/jer/43/08.md index 1ffb8a8fe4..072c262db6 100644 --- a/jer/43/08.md +++ b/jer/43/08.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, saying, -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:bury|bury, buried]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah in Tahpanehs:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# in the sight of the people of Judah -* **the word of Yahweh came to** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:01:01]]. -* ** I will place his throne over these stones...his pavilion over them** - Both the king's "throne" and "pavilion" are used to refer to his royal authority. AT: "I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **pavilion** - a very large tent. +The abstract noun "sight" can be expressed with the verb "watching." AT: "while the people of Judah are watching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# mortar + +a substance used to hold bricks together + +# to Pharaoh's house + +"to Pharaoh's royal building" + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# I will place his throne over these stones that you, Jeremiah, have buried. Nebuchadnezzar will place his pavilion over them + +Both the king's "throne" and "pavilion" are used to refer to his royal authority. AT: "I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. He will place his throne and pavilion over these stones you have buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pavilion + +a very large tent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/43/11.md b/jer/43/11.md index 38a0db4d25..b12e70ac9f 100644 --- a/jer/43/11.md +++ b/jer/43/11.md @@ -1,32 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:assign|assign, assigned]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] +Yahweh continues telling his message. -## translationNotes +# he will come -* Yahweh continues telling his message. -* **he will come** - AT: "Nebuchadnezzar will come" -* **Anyone who is assigned to death will be given to death** - AT: "Everyone will die whom I have decided must die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be taken captive** - AT: "The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **And anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword** - AT: "Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He will clean out the land of Egypt just as shepherds clean vermin off their clothes** - "He will take everything valuable from Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Heliopolis ** - the name of a city, "Sun City" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "he" refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents his whole army. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar's army will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Anyone who is assigned to death will be given to death + +The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "die." This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone will die whom I have decided must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be taken captive + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword + +Here "sword" represents battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then I will light a fire + +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh sending the Babylonian army to light a fire. AT: "Then I will cause the Babylonian army to light a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Nebuchadnezzar will ... He will + +Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar's army will ... They will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# burn them or capture them + +"burn the Egyptian idols or take them" + +# He will clean out the land of Egypt just as shepherds clean vermin off their clothes + +Taking or destroying everything in Egypt is compared to how a shepherd carefully cleans off his clothes. AT: "He will take or destroy everything valuable in Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Heliopolis + +This is the name of a city. The name means "city of the sun." In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/43/intro.md b/jer/43/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c99009a2db --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/43/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Jeremiah 43 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### They did not believe Jeremiah ##### +After Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Judah, the people did not believe him. Judah was conquered and destroyed. Even after this, the people did not believe they would be safe in Babylon as Jeremiah prophesied. This is shocking. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Babylon invades Egypt ##### +Babylon is described as invading part of Egypt. This would have been unthinkable for the people. It would have gotten their attention. + +#### Other possible translation issues in this chapter #### + +##### Symbolic actions ##### +Jeremiah's burial of the stones was intended to be a symbolic action for the people. This was supposed to teach the people a lesson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 43:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../42/intro.md) | [>>](../44/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/01.md b/jer/44/01.md index 555392eb3d..62f8213951 100644 --- a/jer/44/01.md +++ b/jer/44/01.md @@ -1,44 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The word that came to Jeremiah -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:judea|Judea]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Migdol -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **This was the word that came to Jeremiah** - AT: "This was the message Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Migdol...Tahpanhes...Memphis...Patros** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **You yourselves have seen** - The word "yourselves" is used for emphasis a to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **See** - AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention" or "Be sure you understand this:" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they did to offend me** - AT: "the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me" -* **they themselves** - "the people from the ruined cities" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tahpanhes ... Memphis + +Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in Upper Egypt + +This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called "Pathros." + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# You yourselves have seen + +The word "yourselves" is used for emphasis to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# all the disasters that I brought on Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah + +Causing disasters is spoken of as if disasters were an object that can be put on something. AT: "all the disaster that I caused to happen to Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# See + +"Listen" or "Pay attention" or "Be sure you understand this:" + +# they did to offend me + +"the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me" + +# they themselves + +The word "themselves" is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. AT: "the people from the ruined cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/04.md b/jer/44/04.md index f6686f8481..0d9be40451 100644 --- a/jer/44/04.md +++ b/jer/44/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# So I repeatedly sent -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The word "I" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# or turn from their wickedness in burning incense to other gods -* **So I repeatedly sent** - The word "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **my fury and my wrath** - Both of these words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **my fury and my wrath were poured out** - This describes Yahweh's punishment as something that he can hold back like water in a container but then pour out when his anger causes him to begin his punishment on those who anger him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **ruins and devastations** - Both of these words have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. AT: "or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my fury and my wrath were poured out + +Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I became very angry and punished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my fury and my wrath + +The words "fury" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. AT: "my terrible wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# kindled a fire + +Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people of Judah is spoken of as his fury and wrath were a fire. AT: "my fury and wrath were like a fire" or "my punishment was like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they became ruins and devastations + +The words "ruins" and "devastations" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the complete devastation of Judah and Jerusalem. AT: "they became completely devastated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# as at this present day + +This refers to the current time at which Yahweh was speaking this message. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/07.md b/jer/44/07.md index 8d84a4f04d..a289848714 100644 --- a/jer/44/07.md +++ b/jer/44/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you doing ... yourselves? Why are you causing ... and babies? -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. AT: "You are doing ... yourselves. You are causing ... and babies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves? -* **Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves? Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah—men and women, children and babies?** - Yahweh uses these questions to express to the people of Israel that they should stop doing things that cause them to be punished. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the deeds of your hands** - The people are referred to by the part of the body used to lit incense. AT: "what you have done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **you will be destroyed** - AT: "cause me to destroy you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as "wicked." AT: "Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?" or "You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah ... and babies? + +Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah ... and babies?" or "You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah ... and babies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands + +The abstract noun "wickedness" represents actions that are "wicked." Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "You have offended me with the wicked things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You have gone there so that ... so that + +"The result of going to Egypt is that ... and that" + +# you will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will cause me to destroy you" or "you will destroy yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth + +Here "nations" represent the people. AT: "all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/09.md b/jer/44/09.md index 2e80863d5b..29082ee730 100644 --- a/jer/44/09.md +++ b/jer/44/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and the wickedness committed by the kings of Judah and their wives? -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Have you forgotten the evil committed by yourselves and your wives in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem? -* **Have you forgotten ... and in the streets of Jerusalem?** - Yahweh challenges the people with these two questions that mean almost the same thing for emphasis. AT: "You have forgotten ... and in the streets of Jerusalem!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and the streets of Jerusalem** - Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. AT: "and Jerusalem" or "and the public places of Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the streets of Jerusalem + +Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. AT: "Jerusalem" or "the public places of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they still are not humbled + +"the people of Judah are still not humble." Yahweh is still speaking to the people of Judah, so this can be stated in second person. AT: "you are still not humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# nor do they walk in them + +Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. AT: "nor do they obey them" or "nor do you obey them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/11.md b/jer/44/11.md index 2071a9289e..03224d55a1 100644 --- a/jer/44/11.md +++ b/jer/44/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## translationNotes +# I am about to set my face against you -* **set my face against you** - A decision is described by someone not moving from the direction they are looking. AT: "decide to be against you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They will fall** - This is a mild way to say that someone will die. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **by the sword** - War is described by the weapon used by most soldiers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **From the least to the greatest** - People with the least and the respect in society are used to refer to everyone. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +This idiom means he "firmly decided." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:10](../21/08.md). AT: "I have made up my mind to oppose you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# set my face against + +"stare angrily at" + +# to bring disaster to you + +Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. AT: "to cause disaster to happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will fall by sword and famine + +Here "fall" means to die. And "sword" represents the enemies carrying weapons. AT: "Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# From the least to the greatest + +This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here "least" and "greatest" represent those who are least important and those who are most important. AT: "all the people from every social status" or "all the people, including the least important and the most important people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# will become an object of swearing, cursing, reproaching, and a horrible thing + +"people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/13.md b/jer/44/13.md index 421a701726..7b751c0d11 100644 --- a/jer/44/13.md +++ b/jer/44/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I punished Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people. AT: "I punished the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# with sword, famine, and plague -* **sword, famine, and plague** - The word "sword" is used to refer to war. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **fugitive or survivor** - Both of these words refer to the same people. A fugitive is someone who escapes from someone who wants to kill them or take them captive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. AT: "by causing enemies to kill some of them, others to starve to death, and others to die because of disease" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/15.md b/jer/44/15.md index fb3080a56f..d3b972ae7d 100644 --- a/jer/44/15.md +++ b/jer/44/15.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# in the great assembly -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"in the large crowd" -## translationNotes +# Lower ... Egypt -* **Pathros** - This is the name of a region of Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **About the word that you have told us in Yahweh's name: We will not listen to you** - AT: "We will not obey the command you have given us by Yahweh's authority" -* **Queen of Heaven** - This is a name or title given to the moon by the people of Judah in Egypt who worshipped it as a goddess. -* **Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, without experiencing any disaster** - AT: "In those days we had plenty of food, and prospered, and saw no disaster" -* **we will be filled with food** - "we will be well fed" -* **Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, wthout experiencing any disaster** - The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the Queen of Heaven would bless them if they worshipped her. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Lower Egypt" refers to the northern region of Egypt. + +# Upper Egypt + +This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called "Pathros." + +# About the word that you have told us in Yahweh's name—we will not listen to you + +Here "in Yahweh's name" means "in Yahweh's authority" or "as Yahweh's representative." AT: "We will not obey this message that you say Yahweh told you to tell us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# queen of heaven + +This a title of a false goddess that the people of Judah worshiped. This goddess is also called "Asherah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the streets of Jerusalem + +Here "streets" represent the public places in Jerusalem. AT: "in the public places of Jerusalem" or "in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, without experiencing any disaster + +The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the queen of heaven would bless them if they worshiped her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then we will be filled with food + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then we will have plenty of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/18.md b/jer/44/18.md index 83dc83a84f..d4fe464ca1 100644 --- a/jer/44/18.md +++ b/jer/44/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +The remnant of the people living in Egypt continue to speak. Beginning in 44:19, the women address Jeremiah. -## translationNotes +# were dying by sword and famine -* The remnant of the people living in Egypt continue to speak. Beginning in v 19, the women address Jeremiah. -* **Queen of Heaven** - See background information in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:44:15]]. -* **did we do these things without our husbands' knowledge?** - The women are claiming innocence because they had their husbands' knowledge and approval. AT: "our husbands knew what we were doing." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. AT: "enemy soldiers were killing some of us and some of us were dying of hunger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# was it against our husbands that we did these things ... to her? + +The women were claiming to be innocent because their husband approved of what they were doing. AT: "our husbands knew what we were doing ... to her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cakes in her image + +These were probably small cakes shaped like stars or the crescent moon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/20.md b/jer/44/20.md index 47bd6464d5..4f790f01d2 100644 --- a/jer/44/20.md +++ b/jer/44/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Did not Yahweh remember ... of the land? -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +Jeremiah uses a question to scold the people. AT: "Yahweh certainly knew about ... of the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# For Yahweh calls this to mind; it comes to his thoughts -* **Did not Yahweh remember ...** - AT: "Yahweh remembered ... " (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **calls this to mind** - This means that Yahweh brought this to his attention and memory. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh knows that the people were worshiping false gods. AT: "Yes, Yahweh knows what you were doing, and he does not forget" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/22.md b/jer/44/22.md index e4a006d674..5523e9616c 100644 --- a/jer/44/22.md +++ b/jer/44/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# was no longer able to bear it -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"was no longer able to tolerate it" -## translationNotes +# because of the abominations that you did -* **to bear it** - "to tolerate it" -* **no longer an inhabitant as at this present day** - AT: "no one living there as there is no one living there today." -* **burned incense** - This refers to burning incense to idols or false gods. AT: "burned a sacrifice to false gods" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **listen to his voice** - Here "voice" refers to Yahweh's commands. AT: "obey his commands," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "abominations" can be stated as "things he hated." AT: "because you did things that he hated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then your land became a desolation, a horror, and a curse so there was no longer an inhabitant as at this present day + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "a desolation," "a horror," and "a curse." AT: "Then Yahweh caused it so that no one lives in the land. He made it a desolate and horrifying place. People use its name to curse others. And this is how it is even to this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# burned incense + +Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. AT: "burned incense to false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you would not listen to his voice + +Here "voice" refers to Yahweh's commands. AT: "you would not obey his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/24.md b/jer/44/24.md index 9bc29698ce..702b9a1717 100644 --- a/jer/44/24.md +++ b/jer/44/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# all of Judah -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Here "Judah" represents the people. AT: "all the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* **said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said** - AT: "said and done what you promised you would say and do" -* **Queen of Heaven** - Refer to background information in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:44:15]]. +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# have said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said + +Here "mouths" and "hands" represent the whole person. AT: "have done what you promised to do when you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# carry out the vows + +"fulfill the vows" or "complete the vows" + +# Now fulfill your vows; carry them out + +This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. AT: "Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Now + +The word "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/26.md b/jer/44/26.md index 3885e08096..85cc21516c 100644 --- a/jer/44/26.md +++ b/jer/44/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# all of Judah -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Here "Judah" represents the people. AT: "all the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I have sworn by my great name -* **See, I have sworn by my great name, says Yahweh** - Yahweh's "great name" refers to his whole being and reputation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Every person of Judah ... will perish** - AT: "A very large number of the people from Judah ... will perish" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **by sword and famine** - The "sword" represents those who will die in battle and "famine" represents those who will die of starvation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh's "great name" refers to his whole being and reputation. AT: "I have sworn upon myself" or "I have sworn by speaking my powerful name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My name will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt + +Here "name" represents the whole being of Yahweh. And, "mouth" represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# As the Lord Yahweh lives + +"as surely as the Lord Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you transited "As Yahweh lives" [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" or "I solemnly swear by the Lord Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will perish by sword and famine until they are all finished + +Here "Every person" is a generalization that means "very many people." Also, "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. AT: "Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then the survivors of the sword + +Here "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. AT: "Then those whom the enemies do not kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/29.md b/jer/44/29.md index a6f15ee7a9..a7f3d5f699 100644 --- a/jer/44/29.md +++ b/jer/44/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# I am setting against you -* **my words will certainly attack you with disaster** - AT: "what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **I am about to give over Pharaoh Hophra, king of Egypt, into the hand of his enemies** - AT: "I will allow Pharaoh Hophra's enemies to capture him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Hophra** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and the ones seeking his life** - AT: "and the the people who want to kill him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "I am opposed to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my words will certainly attack you with disaster + +Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. AT: "what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Look + +"Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# I am about to give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek to kill him + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hophra + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# when I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life + +Here "hand" represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase "sought his life" is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. AT: "when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/intro.md b/jer/44/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..741c8c8772 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/44/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 44 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +The people called Ashtoreth the goddess of the Canaanites, "the queen of heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 44:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../43/intro.md) | [>>](../45/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/45/01.md b/jer/45/01.md index 875f3f587f..dce92edd87 100644 --- a/jer/45/01.md +++ b/jer/45/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# at Jeremiah's dictation -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"that Jeremiah told him to write" -## translationNotes +# this was in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Baruch … Neriah** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **at Jeremiah's dictation** - Baruch wrote down the words that Jeremiah said. -* **in the fourth year of Jehoiakim** - AT: "while Jehoiakim had been ruling Judah for the fourth year." (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) -* **It said ** - AT: "Jeremiah's message to Baruch said" -* **added agony to my pain** - AT: "caused me great pain" -* **My groaning has wearied me** - AT: "I'm tired from crying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +This statement can be placed at the beginning of 45:1 as in the UDB. + +# in the fourth year of Jehoiakim + +The words "of the rule" are understood. AT: "in the fourth year of the rule of Jehoiakim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# fourth year + +The word "fourth" is the ordinal form of the number four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# he said + +"Jeremiah said to Baruch" + +# for Yahweh has added agony to my pain + +"for I was already suffering and now Yahweh causes me to be sad as well" + +# My groaning has wearied me + +The abstract noun "groaning" can be stated as "cry." AT: "I am tired because I cry so much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/45/04.md b/jer/45/04.md index b6a6a89d12..70ae99cc33 100644 --- a/jer/45/04.md +++ b/jer/45/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# This is what you must say to him -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to Baruch. -## translationNotes +# what I built, I am now tearing down. What I planted, I am now pulling up -* **This is what you must say to him** - Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to Baruch. -* **This is true over all the earth** - AT: "This will happen over the entire earth" -* **But are you hoping for great things for yourself?** - AT: "You do hope for great things for yourself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For see** - AT: "Be aware" -* **plunder** - things stolen from a place by force -* **your life as your plunder** - AT: "I will allow you to live. That will be the best you can hope for." See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Both of these metaphors mean the same thing. Yahweh destroying the people of the nation of Judah is spoken of as if the nation were a building he would tear down or a plant that he will pull up. AT: "this nation is like a building that I built, but I am now tearing down. It is like a plant that I planted, but I am now pulling out of the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But are you hoping for great things for yourself? + +Yahweh uses a question to state that he knows Baruch is hoping for others to treat him in a special way. AT: "I know you hope for great things for yourself." or "I know you hope others will honor you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For see + +"For understand" or "Be aware" + +# disaster is coming on all humanity + +Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were something that could travel and arrive at a place. AT: "I will cause all of humanity to experience disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# your life as your plunder everywhere you will go + +Allowing Baruch to escape and remain alive is spoken of as if his life were plunder that he would take after a battle. AT: "but wherever you go, I will protect you and allow you to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plunder + +things stolen from a place by force \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/45/intro.md b/jer/45/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..129a5eca86 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/45/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Jeremiah 45 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms a break in the narrative sequence. It records prophecies that have already occurred. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 45:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../44/intro.md) | [>>](../46/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/01.md b/jer/46/01.md index 2437428303..0e461bdd95 100644 --- a/jer/46/01.md +++ b/jer/46/01.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:armor|armor]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates|Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim|Jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:spear|spear]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah -* **for Egypt ** - This phrase indicates this message is intended for the nation of Egypt. -* **carchemish** - Carchemish is a city on the west bank of the Euphrates. -* **harness** - This means to ready a horse for pulling a chariot: a two wheeled wagon of war. -* **helmet** - This is armor which protects the head in battle. -* **polish the spears** - This phrase means to "sharpen" the spear. +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For Egypt + +This phrase indicates this message is intended for the nation of Egypt. + +# Necho + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Carchemish + +This is the name of a city on the west bank of the Euphrates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon + +Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. AT: "that the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the fourth year of Jehoiakim + +Here the words "of the reign" are understood and can be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "in the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the fourth year + +The word "fourth" is the ordinal form of "four." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Put the harness on the horses; mount up on the horses + +A "harness" is a set of straps placed on a horse so that it can pull a chariot. Here "mount up on the horses" means that the soldiers rode in the chariots that the horses were pulling. + +# helmets + +A helmet is armor which protects the head in battle. + +# polish the spears + +This phrase means to "sharpen" the spear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/05.md b/jer/46/05.md index ef485d7de7..eb9af44ea1 100644 --- a/jer/46/05.md +++ b/jer/46/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:run]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Jeremiah's vision for Egypt continues. -## translationNotes +# What am I seeing here? -* Jeremiah's vision for Egypt continues. -* **What am I seeing here?- ** - ** The word "I" here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh asks this sarcastic question to emphasize what he has said regarding the nation of Egypt has come true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape.** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "even the swiftest soldier cannot escape." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The word "I" here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Look at what is happening here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# They are filled with terror + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrified." AT: "The Egyptian soldiers are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Terror is all around + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrifying." AT: "Everything around them is terrifying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. The nominal adjective "the swift" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "even the swiftest soldier cannot escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# They stumble in the north and fall beside the Euphrates River + +Both statements mean the same thing. Being and dying in battle is spoken of as if the soldiers stumble and fall. AT: "The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/07.md b/jer/46/07.md index 883a5be194..0ade4cdd75 100644 --- a/jer/46/07.md +++ b/jer/46/07.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:cush|Cush]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver|Nile River, River of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Jeremiah continues quoting Yahweh's declaration to the nation of Egypt. -## translationNotes +# Who is this who rises like the Nile ... the rivers? -* Jeremiah continues quoting Yahweh's declaration to the nation of Egypt. -* **Who is this who rises like the Nile,...** - AT: "Egypt rises like the Nile,..." Yahweh asks this question to draw the listener's attention to the nation of Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Egypt rises like the Nile** - Egypt's army is being compared to the destruction caused by the flooding Nile River. -* **It says** - Here the nation of Egypt is speaking like a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **‘I will go up; I will cover the earth. I will destroy cities and their inhabitants.’​** - "I" is nation of Egypt that is proudly declaring that its armies will destroy the earth like a flood. -* **Go up, horses. Be angry, you chariots.​** - Yahweh commands the horses and chariots as if they were people. Both the words "horses" and "chariots" are referring to parts of chariots in battle. These phrases are commanding the chariot drivers to charge into battle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Cush, Put, and Ludim** - These are Biblical names for the countries of Ethiopia, Libya, and Lydia. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **bending the bow** - This phrase means to use the bow by pulling the string back with an arrow. +Yahweh uses a question to draw attention to what he is about to say concerning Egypt. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Look at who rises like the Nile ... the rivers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Egypt rises like the Nile + +The Nile river floods its banks once a year, covering the surrounding area with water. Yahweh compares the kingdom of Egypt to the Nile because the Egyptian people think they are mighty enough to destroy cities in all the lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Egypt rises ... I will + +Here "Egypt" represents all the people of Egypt. AT: "The Egyptians rise ... We will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Go up, horses. Be angry, you chariots + +Here "horses" and "chariots" represent the soldiers who use horses and chariots in battle. The leaders of Egypt are ordering their soldiers to start the battle. AT: "Go up to battle, you soldiers on horses. Fight furiously, you soldiers in chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let the soldiers go out, Cush and Put, men skillful with a shield + +"You soldiers from Cush and Put, who are skillful with their shields, go out to battle" + +# Cush ... Put + +These are biblical names for the countries of Ethiopia and Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ludim, men skillful at bending their bows + +The words "go out to battle" are understood and can be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "you soldiers from Lud, who are skillful with bows and arrows, go out to battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Ludim + +This is the name of the people group from the nation of Lud. Lud is the biblical name for Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# bending their bows + +This phrase means to use the bow by pulling the string back with an arrow. AT: "shooting arrows from their bows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/10.md b/jer/46/10.md index df2ed17dfe..1442ee7dea 100644 --- a/jer/46/10.md +++ b/jer/46/10.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Jeremiah's quotation of Yahweh's declaration to the nation of Egypt continues. -## translationNotes +# That day -* Jeremiah's quotation of Yahweh's declaration to the nation of Egypt continues. -* **That day** - This phrase refers to the day the Egyptians lose the battle to the Babylonians. -* **his foes** - This word means enemies of Yahweh. -* **sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood** - Here the sword is eating as a person would. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **sword will devour** - The word "sword" here represents the army of the nation of Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **sacrifice to the Lord Yahweh** - The "sacrifice" here is the nation of Egypt. AT: "Egypt will be a sacrifice to the Lord Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This phrase refers to the day the Egyptians lose the battle to the Babylonians. + +# for the Lord Yahweh of hosts, and he will avenge himself on his foes + +Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. This can be stated in first person. AT: "for me, Lord Yahweh of hosts, and I will avenge myself on my foes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood + +This speaks of Yahweh's sword as if it were devouring people and drinking blood. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. AT: "I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The sword will devour + +Yahweh punishing and killing his enemies is spoken of as if he would use a sword to kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For there will be a sacrifice + +Yahweh avenging himself by causing the Egyptians to lose in battle against the Babylonians is spoken of as if the Egyptian army would be a sacrifice to Yahweh. AT: "For the Egyptians will be like a sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/11.md b/jer/46/11.md index cabee291f9..88c8bb44b5 100644 --- a/jer/46/11.md +++ b/jer/46/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] +Yahweh finishes his declaration to Egypt. -## translationNotes +# Go up to Gilead and obtain medicine -* Yahweh finishes his declaration to Egypt. -* **virgin daughter of Egypt** - AT: "Unspoiled people of Egypt". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **disgrace - ** - ** This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect. -* **The earth is filled with your laments​** - AT: everyone can hear your crying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Gilead was a region famous for having people skillful with medicine. Yahweh is mocking the Egyptians by telling them to go get medicine, but he knows it will not help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# virgin daughter of Egypt + +The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the virgin daughter of Egypt. AT: "people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# disgrace + +This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect. + +# The earth is filled with your laments + +Here "earth" is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their laments filled the earth. AT: "All the people of the earth hear you crying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for soldier stumbles against soldier; both of them fall together + +Soldiers dying in battle is spoken of as if they were stumbling and falling down. AT: "for your soldiers die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/13.md b/jer/46/13.md index 90eb85cb52..328f3ce725 100644 --- a/jer/46/13.md +++ b/jer/46/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:report|report]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. AT: "when the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the land of Egypt -* **Migdol, Memphis, and Tahpanhes** - These are important military cities in Egypt. Memphis was the capitol city of Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the sword is devouring all around you** - The word "sword" here represents the army of Babylon. The phrase "the sword is devouring" is "causing destruction." AT: "the army of Babylon is causing destruction." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "the people of Egypt" or "the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Migdol + +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 44:1](../44/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Memphis ... Tahpanhes + +Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the sword will devour those around you + +The word "sword" here represents soldiers carrying weapons. The enemy soliders killing people is spoken of as if their swords were devouring people. AT: "your enemies will kill people all around you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/15.md b/jer/46/15.md index 7320e8ce0e..896af22dba 100644 --- a/jer/46/15.md +++ b/jer/46/15.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Some Bibles translate this as "Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?" Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULB and other versions of the Bible translate this as "strong ones" or "mighty ones" which refers to soldiers. -## translationNotes +# Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand -* **Why has your god Apis run away?** - AT: "Your god Apis has run away." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Apis** - This is one of the chief gods of Egypt. Here "Apis" represents "strength you trust" (UDB) of the nation of Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Why is your bull-god not standing?** - god not standing?** - AT: "Your bull-god is unable to stand." Apis was represented in idols as a bull. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Yahweh has thrown him down** - AT: "Yahweh has defeated Apis, your bull-god." -* **this sword that is beating us down** - Here "sword" refers to the army of the nation of Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away** - These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. AT: "Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will." +Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He increases the numbers of those who stumble + +"Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble" + +# Let us leave this sword that is beating us down + +Here "sword" represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. AT: "Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They proclaimed there + +Possible meanings are 1) "they" refers to people in general who are in Egypt or 2) "they" refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud. + +# Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away + +These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase "only a noise" is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. AT: "Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/18.md b/jer/46/18.md index abde9f48b6..3904a481b4 100644 --- a/jer/46/18.md +++ b/jer/46/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# As I live -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:carmel|Carmel, Mount Carmel]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# declares the King -* **someone will come who is like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea** - This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. -* **Get ready for yourselves your baggage** - AT: "prepare to travel" -* **Memphis will become a horror and a ruin** - Both these phrase are saying basically the same thing, that the capital of the nation of Egypt will be completely destroyed. (See: [:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "King" refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "this is what I, the King, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# someone will come like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea + +This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Mount Tabor + +This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pack for yourselves baggage to carry into exile + +"Prepare to go into exile" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/20.md b/jer/46/20.md index f8aaf4ada1..902c1e3c2c 100644 --- a/jer/46/20.md +++ b/jer/46/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Egypt is a very beautiful young cow -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:ax|ax]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:serpent|serpent, snake]] -* [[en:tw:time]] +The nation of Egypt, which was very strong and prosperous, is spoken of as if it were a beautiful young cow. AT: "Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# but a stinging insect -* **Egypt is a very beautiful young cow** - The nation of Egypt is being compared to a beautiful young female cow. It is possible that this comparison is made to have Egypt be the mate of the bull-god Apis. AT: "Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **stinging insect** - This refers the army of the nation of Babylon. A stinging insect would cause painful sores but would otherwise not cause permanent harm to the animal stung. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **soldiers in her midst are like a fattened bull** - The writer compares soldiers to "fattened bulls" because the soldiers are well cared for and readied for slaughter. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **They will not stand together** - The writer is saying that the soldiers will not fight as a unit but will run away thinking only of saving themselves. -* **Egypt hisses like a snake and crawls away** - The writer is saying that the nation of Egypt is like snakes that can do nothing but hiss and crawl away in fear when woodcutters disturb their nest. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The enemy army coming to attack the Egyptians is spoken of as if the army were an insect that stings. AT: "but a powerful army like a stinging insect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# soldiers in her midst are like a fattened bull + +The writer compares soldiers to "fattened bulls" because the soldiers are well cared for by the Egyptians just as a farmer takes care of a bull and makes it fat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They will not stand together + +To "stand together" is an idiom meaning to remain united. The writer is saying that the soldiers will not fight as a unit but will run away thinking only of saving themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the day of their disaster is coming against them + +This speaks of a day as if it travels and arrives in a location. AT: "they will experience disaster on that day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Egypt hisses like a snake and crawls away + +The inability of the Egyptians to do anything to stop their enemy is spoken of as if they were snakes that can only hiss and crawl away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They are going toward her like woodcutters with axes + +The enemies coming with the weapons to destroy the Egyptians is spoken of as if they were woodcutters with axes preparing to cut down a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/23.md b/jer/46/23.md index c5f577686c..a1d65617e6 100644 --- a/jer/46/23.md +++ b/jer/46/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They will cut down the forests ... although it is very dense -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This continues speaking of the enemy army attacking the Egyptians as if the army were woodcutters cutting down trees. AT: "The enemy army will kill many Egyptians like woodcutters cutting down a forest ... even though there are very many trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **They will cut down the forests** - The invading army will be like woodcutters cutting down a whole forest. AT: "The Babylonian army will cut down the cities of Egypt." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They** - This refers to the army of the nation of Babylon invading Egypt. -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - AT: "This is what Yahwah says" (See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]) -* **it is very dense** - This refers to the very large number and closeness of cities in Egypt -* **locusts** - This is a type of insect that travels in very large groups and can cause great destruction by eating crops. -* **daughter... will be made ashamed** - Jeremiah is saying that the people of Egypt will be shamed before the nations and especially because the women and girls will be violated by the soldiers of Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **the hand of people from the north** - Here this phrase means, "the power of the nation of Babylon that comes from the north." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# locusts + +This is a type of insect that travels in very large groups and can cause great destruction by eating crops. + +# unable to be counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will be able to count them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The daughter of Egypt will be made ashamed + +The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Egypt. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy army will humiliate the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# She will be given into the hand of people from the north + +Here "hand" represents power or control. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I, Yahweh, will allow the people from the north to defeat the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/25.md b/jer/46/25.md index 5789412cf0..785377f20a 100644 --- a/jer/46/25.md +++ b/jer/46/25.md @@ -1,28 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Amon of Thebes -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"Amon" is the king of the Egyptian gods. "Thebes" is the capital of the northern part of Egypt, and here it represents the people of Thebes. AT: "Amon, god of Thebes" or "Amon, god of the people of Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Egypt and her gods -* **Amon of Thebes** - "Amon" is the king of the Egyptian gods. "Thebes" is the capital of Egypt, and here represents the entire Egyptian empire. AT: "Amon, god over all of Egypt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* ** I am giving them... into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants** - Here Nebuchadnezzar represents the whole nation of Babylon, and his "hand" represents "control." AT: "Yahweh is giving control of Egypt to the nation of Babylon." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Then after this Egypt will be inhabited as in previous days** - AT: "After the punishment of Yahweh, the nation of Egypt will return to being an independent nation." -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:09]] +Here "Egypt" represents the people. AT: "all the people of Egypt and the gods they worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am giving them into the hand of the ones seeking their lives + +Here "hand" represents power or control. The phrase "seeking their lives" is an idiom that mean to want to kill someone. AT: "I will allow those who are wanting to kill them to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants + +Here "hand" represents power or control. "Nebuchadnezzar ... his servants" names specifically "the ones seeking their lives." AT: "that is, I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants to defeat the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then after this Egypt will be inhabited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then after this, people will live in Egypt again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/27.md b/jer/46/27.md index ba1cd1ac49..12853409ac 100644 --- a/jer/46/27.md +++ b/jer/46/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:discipline|discipline]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +These two phrases mean the same thing. Here "Jacob" and "Israel" represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. AT: "people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# from the land of their captivity -* **my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel ** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Both "Jacob" and "Israel" here represent the nation of Israel.(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **will certainly not leave you unpunished** - "will certainly punish you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"from the land where they are captives" + +# I will bring complete destruction against all the nations + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated using the verb "destroy." AT: "I will completely destroy all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will certainly not leave you unpunished + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will certainly punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/intro.md b/jer/46/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9923f7cc6b --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/46/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Jeremiah 46 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set quotations apart. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 46:3-12, 14-24, which comprise extended quotations. + +This begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Justice ##### +Much of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh's punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Battle preparations ##### +Jeremiah commands the Egyptian army to prepare for battle, even though they will not be able to defend themselves. Their punishment has already been determined by Yahweh. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 46:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../45/intro.md) | [>>](../47/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/47/01.md b/jer/47/01.md index 455a3ab1e9..0eecca4389 100644 --- a/jer/47/01.md +++ b/jer/47/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:gaza|Gaza]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +The idiom "the word of Yahweh that came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# This word came to him -* **See ** - The word "See" alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said. -* **floods of water are rising in the north; they will be like an overflowing river** - The two phrases have similar meaning and are combined for emphasis. The "waters" and "river" both represent the army coming from the north (probably the Babylonians). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they will overflow the land** - "they" refers to the army from the north. +The idiom "this word came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave this message to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# before Pharaoh + +Here "Pharaoh" represents the Egyptians army. AT: "before Pharaoh's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# See + +The word "see" alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said. + +# floods of water are rising in the north. They will be like an overflowing river! + +The two phrases have a similar meaning. The enemy army is spoken of as if it were a flood. AT: "an army in the north will come like a flood. They will be powerful like an overflowing river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will overflow the land + +This continues speaking of the army from the north as an overflowing river. AT: "like an overflowing river, the army from the north will destroy the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/47/03.md b/jer/47/03.md index 478683e601..9ee2c1cdee 100644 --- a/jer/47/03.md +++ b/jer/47/03.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# At the sound of the stamping of their strong horses' hooves, at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hooves]] -* [[en:tw:hooves|hoof, hoofed, hooves]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sidon|Sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:tyre|Tyre]] +Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels -* **the sound of the stamping... hooves,... the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels** - Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army, and combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels** - These two phrase have similar meanings and combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Caphtor** - This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These two phrase have similar meanings and they are combined to emphasize the loud noise they will make. AT: "at the very loud sound of the wheels of the chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# For the day is coming that will devastate all of the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre + +This speaks of a day as if it were something that travels and arrives in a place. AT: "For on that day, the enemy army will devastate all of the Philistines and cut off from Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every survivor who wants to help them + +Removing someone is spoken of as if they were cut off the way a person may cut a branch from a tree or a piece of cloth from a garment. AT: "to remove anyone who may want to help Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Caphtor + +This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/47/05.md b/jer/47/05.md index 3c755919c0..a50e62b159 100644 --- a/jer/47/05.md +++ b/jer/47/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Baldness will come upon Gaza -* [[en:tw:ashkelon]] -* [[en:tw:ashkelon|Ashkelon]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The abstract noun "baldness" can be stated as "bald." "Gaza" represents the people. AT: "The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Baldness -* **Baldness** - The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. -* **the people... will be made silent.** - AT: "The people... will be killed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **How long will you cut yourself in mourning** - The cutting of one's skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. -* **sword of Yahweh** - This phrase refers to the army from the north which Yahweh is using to punish the Philistines. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **How long will it be until you become silent** - The people of Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you** - This refers to the sword of Yahweh as if it was a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Scabbard** - The case used to protect the blade of a sword. -* **How can you be quiet, for Yahweh has commanded you** - The word "you" refers to the "sword of Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the people ... will be made silent + +Possible meanings are 1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or 2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# How long will you cut yourself in mourning? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people will cut themselves in mourning. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will cut yourselves in mourning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cut yourself in mourning + +The cutting of one's skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Woe ... be silent + +The Philistines seem to be speaking here. AT: "The Philistines say, 'Woe ... be silent'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sword of Yahweh! How long will it be until you become silent? Go back to your scabbard! Stop and be silent. + +The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person that could hear them. AT: "Yahweh who is holding his sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# sword of Yahweh + +Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army from the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking them with a sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How long will it be until you become silent? + +The people of the Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. This may be translated as a statement. AT: "Please be silent!" or "Please, Yahweh, stop striking us with your sword!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you become silent + +A sword makes a noise as it slashes back and forth. Asking the sword to be silent means to ask it to stop slashing and killing. AT: "you rest" or "you stop slashing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# scabbard + +This is the case used to protect the blade of a sword. + +# How can you be quiet ... along the sea + +Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person that could hear him. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How can you be quiet, for Yahweh has commanded you + +Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/47/intro.md b/jer/47/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c940fd5933 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/47/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Jeremiah 47 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 47:2-7, which is an extended quotation. + +Jeremiah's prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Flood waters ##### +This chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 47:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../46/intro.md) | [>>](../48/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/01.md b/jer/48/01.md index bfabfac2bd..b6cf0722ad 100644 --- a/jer/48/01.md +++ b/jer/48/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kt:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# To Moab -* **Nebo** - This is the name of one of the mountains in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kiriathaim** - This is the name of a city in Moab. -* **Kiriathaim has been captured and humiliated.** - "The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and its people can no longer be proud of it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The honor of Moab is no more** - This means that the respect that Moab enjoyed in the past will be gone. -* **Heshbon** - This is the name of the royal city of the king of the Amorites. -* **Madmen will also perish** - "Madman" is a town in Moab. "Their enemies will destroy the city of Madman" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a sword will go after you** - This means an army will invade Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "Moab" represents the people. AT: "To the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Woe to Nebo, for it has been devastated + +Here "Nebo" represents the people. AT: "How terrible it is for the people of Nebo, for their city is devastated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Nebo + +This is the name of a city near Mount Nebo in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kiriathaim has been captured and humiliated + +Here "Kiriathaim has been ... humiliated" represents the people being humiliated. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Kiriathaim + +This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Her fortress has been crushed and disgraced + +Here "fortress has been ... disgraced" represents the people being disgraced. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The honor of Moab is no more + +"People no longer honor Moab" or "People no longer praise Moab" + +# Heshbon + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Madmen will also perish + +"Madmen" is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word "madmen." AT: "Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a sword will go after you + +Here "sword" represents the enemy army carrying weapons. AT: "your enemies will chase after you and kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/03.md b/jer/48/03.md index 86c45056c4..1a70ed86b1 100644 --- a/jer/48/03.md +++ b/jer/48/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Jeremiah continues to tell of the destruction of Moab. -## translationNotes +# Horonaim -* Jeremiah continues to tell of the destruction of Moab. -* **Horonaim** - This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **ruin and great destruction** - These two terms mean the same thing. They are used together to suggest widespread or complete destruction. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Her children** - This refers to the people of Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Luhith** - This is the name of a place in Moab. -* **because of the destruction** - AT: "because of the destruction of the town". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# ruin and great destruction + +These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Moab has been destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy army has destroyed Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Her children + +Possible meanings are 1) the children who lived in Moab or 2) "children" is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. AT: "The people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Luhith + +This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# because of the destruction + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as "destroyed." AT: "because their town is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/06.md b/jer/48/06.md index d72758dc40..95b8f87c61 100644 --- a/jer/48/06.md +++ b/jer/48/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Save your lives -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The word "your" refers to the people of Moab. -## translationNotes +# become like a juniper bush in the wilderness -* **save your lives - ** - ** The word "your" refers to the people of Moab. -* **become like juniper trees** - The people who escape the destruction in the city are compared to a tree which survives the harsh conditions in the desert and has green leaves all year. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **trust in your practices** - AT: "to live by following the customs and teachings of your religion" -* **Chemosh** - "Chemosh" is the chief god of the Moabites. Here "Chemosh" represents the nation of Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. AT: "become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# because of your trust + +The abstract noun "trust" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you trusted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in your practices + +"in your own efforts" or "in your own work" + +# you also will be captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy army will also capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then Chemosh will go away into captivity + +"Chemosh" is the chief god of the Moabites. This means the enemy army will take the idol of Chemosh that the people made to worship. AT: "The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/08.md b/jer/48/08.md index d38a13f5f4..92350388b8 100644 --- a/jer/48/08.md +++ b/jer/48/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For the destroyer will come to every city -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:destroyer]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:waste|waste, wasteland]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "the destroyer" represents the enemy army. AT: "For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# no city will escape -* **the valley will perish and the plain will be devastated** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "Towns in the valleys and on the plains will all be destroyed, (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Give wings to Moab** - This command is an exaggeration, because no one can put wings on people. Also, the idea of flying away represents the idea of rapidly running away. AT: "Help the people of Moab escape," "It would be good if the people of Moab had wings and could fly away." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **shedding blood** - AT: "killing people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "no people from any city will escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So the valley will perish and the plain will be devastated + +Here "valley" and "plain" represent the cities and the people in those places AT: "So the enemy army will destroy everything in the valleys and on the plains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away + +Helping the people is spoken of as if they would put wings on the people so that could fly away. AT: "Help the people of Moab to escape as if you were giving them wings to fly away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away + +The translation of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate this as "Set up a tombstone for Moab, for the enemy will certainly destroy it." Other Bibles translate it as "Put salt on the cities of Moab, for the enemy will completely destroy it." Enemies through salt on ruins to keep thing from ever growing there again. + +# from shedding blood + +Here "blood" represents a person's life. And "shedding blood" is an idiom that means to kill. AT: "from killing people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/11.md b/jer/48/11.md index 8b9f8540eb..4a6e54e762 100644 --- a/jer/48/11.md +++ b/jer/48/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Moab has felt secure since he was young ... He is ... his wine ... send him -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of "he," "his," and "him" in 48:11-12 can be stated as "they," "their," or "them." AT: "Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have always felt secure ... They are ... their wine ... send them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot -* **Moab has felt secure since he was young** - Here "he" refers to the entire nation of Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot** - The word "he" is the nation of Moab. The nation of Moab is being compared to wine that has not been exiled from its land. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Therefore he tastes as good as ever; his flavor remains unchanged ** - These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **So see, the days are coming** - "Listen carefully because soon" -* **this is Yahweh’s declaration ** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* ** tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars** - These two phrase are saying similar things and are combined for emphasis. Both of them refer to the oncoming destruction of the nation of Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# So see, the days are coming + +"Listen carefully because there will be a time" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will send him those who will tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars + +The enemy army defeating the people of Moab and taking them as captives is spoken of as if the people of Moab are wine and someone will come and pour them out and break the wine jars. AT: "I will send an army that will destroy them as if they were pouring out wine and breaking the jars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/13.md b/jer/48/13.md index 37763116cf..c4657dfd26 100644 --- a/jer/48/13.md +++ b/jer/48/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Moab -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Here "Moab" represents the people. AT: "Then the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Chemosh -* **How can you say** - The word "you" means the Moabite soldiers. -* **How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’?"** - How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’?" AT: "No longer can you say, 'We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Chemosh is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:7](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bethel + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or 2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped. + +# How can you say, 'We are soldiers, powerful fighting men'? + +Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. AT: "No longer can you say, 'We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/15.md b/jer/48/15.md index bca0df5651..cc4928755e 100644 --- a/jer/48/15.md +++ b/jer/48/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Moab will be devastated and its cities attacked -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:staff|staff]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter -* **its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter.** - AT: "Their fine young men will all be slaughtered." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Moab's disaster is soon to happen; calamity is hurrying quickly** - These two sentences mean basically the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the strong staff, the honored rod** - These two phrases are referring to Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. AT: "their fine young men will all be slaughtered" or "the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This is the king's declaration + +Here "king" refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 46:18](../46/18.md). AT: "This is what I, the king, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Moab's disaster is soon to happen; calamity is hurrying quickly + +These two sentences mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Moab's destruction will happen very soon. AT: "Moab's enemies will destroy her very soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# calamity is hurrying quickly + +Something terrible happening soon is spoken of as if calamity were something that could move quickly to a place. AT: "terrible things will happen very soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the strong staff, the honored rod, has been broken + +Here the words "staff" and "rod" represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moab's enemies have ended her great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/18.md b/jer/48/18.md index 2a266ba3af..c8cd77ebee 100644 --- a/jer/48/18.md +++ b/jer/48/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# you daughter living in Dibon -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +The people of Dibon are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Dibon. AT: "you people living in Dibon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Dibon -* **sit on the dry ground, you daughter living in Dibon** - The word "daughter" refers to the people of Dibon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **one who will destroy Moab** - AT: "the enemies of the people of Moab" -* **Ask the ones** - AT: "ask the people" or "ask the men and women" -* **Howl and lament** - AT: “cry loudly in pain and anger” +This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the one who will destroy Moab + +"the enemy army that will destroy Moab" + +# Aroer + +This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ask the ones + +"Ask the people" or "Ask the men and women" + +# Moab has been shamed, for it has been shattered + +Here "Moab" represents the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Howl and lament + +"Cry loudly in pain and anger" + +# that Moab has been devastated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the enemy army has devastated Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/21.md b/jer/48/21.md index 015cf4c619..3560dbb8e9 100644 --- a/jer/48/21.md +++ b/jer/48/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# punishment has come to the hill country, to Holon ... to all the cities -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh punishing the people of the hill country and cities of Moab is spoken of as if punishment were something that could travel and arrive in a place. AT: "Yahweh will punish the people of the hill country, of Holon ... of all the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Holon, Jahzah, and Mephaath ... Bozrah -* **Holon, Jachzah, and Mephaath … Bozrah ** - These are cities in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The horn of Moab has been hacked off; its arm has been broken** - Both 'horn' and 'arm' mean the same thing. They mean that Moab has been injured. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +These are cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The horn of Moab has been hacked off; its arm has been broken + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here "horn" and "arm" represent power. To have these hacked off or broken means to lose one's power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moab has become weak; the people are not able to fight anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/26.md b/jer/48/26.md index eefe534a41..5bfc68a48c 100644 --- a/jer/48/26.md +++ b/jer/48/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Make him drunk, because he acted proudly against Yahweh -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:drunk|drunk]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:thief]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking. The command "Make him drunk" indicates what Yahweh will cause to happen. Here "him" and "he" refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. AT: "I, Yahweh, will cause the people of Moab to be drunk, for they acted proudly against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Make him drunk -* **Make him drunk** - The judgments which God sends upon Moab shall allow the country to be scorned by his enemies, just as a drunken man is the object of men’s laughter and mocking. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Now Moab claps his hands in disgust at his own vomit, so he also has become an object for laughter** - God continues to compare Moab to a drunken man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For did Israel not become an object for laughter to you?** - AT: "For you used to laugh at and mock My people in the kingdom of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Was he found among thieves, that you shook your head at him as often as you spoke about him?** - AT: "Although they were thieves, they were never caught. You shook your head at them scornfully and despised them . (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here people experiencing Yahweh's punishment is spoken of as if they were drunk on wine, acting foolishly so that people laugh at them. AT: "I will cause you to be like a drunk person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let Moab wallow in his vomit ... an object for laughter + +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Moab as if they were a drunk person. AT: "Now the people of Moab will be like a person who wallows in his vomit ... an object for laughter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let him be an object of ridicule + +"so that people will laugh at him" + +# For did not Israel become an object for laughter to you? + +Yahweh uses a question to remind the people of Moab how they treated the people of Israel. AT: "For you used to mock and laugh at the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Israel ... Was he found ... at him ... about him + +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel ... Were they found ... at them ... about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Was he found among thieves, so that you shook your head ... about him? + +Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people of Moab for treating the people of Israel with shame though they did nothing wrong. AT: "Although they were not thieves, you still shook your head ... about him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# shook your head at him + +This is a symbolic action that shows feeling of scorn or disgust towards someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/28.md b/jer/48/28.md index 29c58bb906..2060777832 100644 --- a/jer/48/28.md +++ b/jer/48/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# cliffs -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +A cliff is a steep side of a mountain. -## translationNotes +# Become like a dove ... in the rocks -* **cliff** - a steep side of a mountain -* **the mouth of a hole in the rocks** - This refers to an opening in the rocks, such as the entrance to a cave. -* **arrogance, haughtiness, pride, self-glory, conceit in his heart** - glory, conceit in his heart** - All of these words have similar meanings. They are used together to emphasize the extreme pride of the people of Moab. +This simile emphasizes the people should leave their cities and live in the rocky cliffs to hide from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the mouth of a hole in the rocks + +Here "mouth of a hole" is an idiom that means the entrance to a cave. AT: "the entrance to caves" or "an opening in the rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# We have heard + +Here "We" refers generally to all the people in the surrounding area. + +# arrogance ... haughtiness ... pride ... self-glory ... conceit in his heart + +All of these words have similar meanings. They are used together to emphasize the extreme pride of the people of Moab. + +# the conceit in his heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. AT: "his conceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/30.md b/jer/48/30.md index e4172409c4..2ccbccf261 100644 --- a/jer/48/30.md +++ b/jer/48/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# This is Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:destroyer]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "This is what Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# I myself know his defiant speech -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **defiant** - to refuse to obey someone or an instruction, sometimes because of pride -* **I will howl a lament for Moab, and I will shout in sorrow for all of Moab** - Jeremiah is saying the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **howl** - a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain or deep sorrow -* **Kir Heresh** - This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jazer, Sibmah** - These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The word "myself" is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab's defiant speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# his defiant speech ... like his deeds + +Here "his" refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. AT: "their defiant speech ... like their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his defiant speech + +The abstract noun "speech" can be stated as a verb. AT: "that he has spoken pridefully" or "that he has spoken arrogant words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will howl a lament for Moab, and I will shout in sorrow for all of Moab + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "I will cry loudly for the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will howl + +Possible meanings are 1) "I" refers to Jeremiah or 2) "I" refers to Yahweh. + +# howl + +a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain or deep sorrow + +# Kir Hareseth + +This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jazer ... Sibmah + +These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed ... your wine + +The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. AT: "people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed ... your wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The destroyers have attacked your summer fruit and your wine + +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. AT: "The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The destroyers have + +"The enemy army has" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/33.md b/jer/48/33.md index 860f8ebac3..0117033b33 100644 --- a/jer/48/33.md +++ b/jer/48/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# So celebration and rejoicing have been taken away from the fruit trees and the land of Moab -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] +The abstract nouns "celebration" and "rejoicing" can be stated as verbs. The phrase "have been taken away" can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# I have put an end to the wine from their winepresses -* **celebration and rejoicing have been taken away** - AT: "no one will be joyful or happy in Moab now;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I have put an end to** - "I have stopped" -* **They will not tread** - The word "they" refers to the wine makers of Moab -* ***They will not tread** - "They will not stomp" +"I have stopped the wine from their winepresses" or "I have stopped the people from making wine" + +# I have put an end + +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. + +# They will not tread + +The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. AT: "The wine makers will not stomp the grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/34.md b/jer/48/34.md index 0ea7a088aa..d79e6a8c60 100644 --- a/jer/48/34.md +++ b/jer/48/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Heshbon -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Elealeh ... Jahaz ... Zoar ... Horonaim ... Eglath Shelishiyah -* **Heshbon** - This is the name of the royal city of the king of Moab. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Elealeh, Jahaz, Zoar, Horonaim' and Eglath Shelishiyah** - These are names of other cities in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Nimrim** - This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +These are names of other cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nimrim + +This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/36.md b/jer/48/36.md index 16a13a7e56..86fe4b3301 100644 --- a/jer/48/36.md +++ b/jer/48/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] +Here "heart" represents the whole person. The person's sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. AT: "I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# my heart -* **my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute** - Jeremiah was comparing his feeling to a sad song. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **my heart is lamenting** - The word "heart" refers to the deep emotions felt by Jeremiah. AT: "I am deeply sad for". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Kir Heres** - Kir-heres was an ancient capital of Moab, about 18 kilometers (11 miles) east of the Dead Sea (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **For every head is bald and every beard shaved; incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists** - These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. -* **incisions** - cuts made on the skin +Possible meanings are 1) "my" refers to Jeremiah or 2) "my" refers to Yahweh. + +# Kir Hareseth + +Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:31](./30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# For every head is bald and every beard shaved. Incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists + +These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Incisions + +cuts made on the skin \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/38.md b/jer/48/38.md index 0ccb35d051..2658db6aa6 100644 --- a/jer/48/38.md +++ b/jer/48/38.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# There is mourning everywhere -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +The abstract noun "mourning" can be stated as a verb. AT: "There are people mourning everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# every flat roof -* **every flat roof** - "every housetop" -* **plazas** - open public areas, such as open marketplaces. -* **For I have destroyed** - The word "I" refers to Yahweh -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **shattered** - demolished or destroyed -* **howl** - a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain -* **So Moab will become an object of derision** - AT: "Moab will become a nation that other nearby nations laugh at" +"every housetop" + +# plazas + +open public areas, such as open marketplaces + +# For I have destroyed + +The word "I" refers to Yahweh + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# How it has been shattered! How they howl in their lamenting! + +Here "How" begins exclamations. The phrase "has been shattered" can be stated in active form. AT: "I have completely shattered them! They shout loudly and weep!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# howl + +a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain + +# Moab turns its back in shame + +Here Moab represents the people. To turn one's back is a sign of feeling ashamed. AT: "The people of Moab turn their backs in shame" or "The people of Moab are ashamed and will not show their faces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# So Moab will become an object of derision and a terror to all those who are around him + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "derision" and "terror." AT: "So all the people nearby will be terrified at what happened to the people of Moab and they will mock them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/40.md b/jer/48/40.md index a0b52ebf2b..cf2a23e8c9 100644 --- a/jer/48/40.md +++ b/jer/48/40.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These phrases compare how a powerful army will descend on Moab and conquer it to the way an eagle swoops down to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# Kerioth has been captured, and its strongholds have been seized -* **the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings** - These phrases compare how a powerful army will descend on Moab and conquer it to the way an eagle swoops down to capture its prey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Kerioth** - a city in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kerioth has been captured, and its strongholds have been seized** - "The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in that day the hearts of Moab's soldiers ...women in labor** - This phrase compares the fear that will overwhelm the soldiers of Moab to the fear a woman may feel when she is about to give birth to her child. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Kerioth + +This is a city in Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:24](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in that day the hearts of Moab's soldiers ... women in birth labor + +This phrase compares the fear that will overwhelm the soldiers of Moab to the fear a woman may feel when she is about to give birth to her child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the hearts of Moab's soldiers will be like the hearts of women in birth labor + +Here "hearts" represent a person's emotions. AT: "Moab's soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/42.md b/jer/48/42.md index d272b2009c..ae7c05e08b 100644 --- a/jer/48/42.md +++ b/jer/48/42.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So Moab will be destroyed -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Terror and the pit, and a trap are coming on you -* **So Moab will be destroyed** - AT: "So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Terror and the pit** - Together, these two terms emphasize the deep trouble that the people of Moab will face. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **in the year of** - Here, “year” could be translated as “time” or “season” or “time period.” (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +Here "coming on you" is an idiom that means "to experience" something. AT: "You will experience the terror, the pit, and a trap" or "You will be terrified, and you will fall into pits and traps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# inhabitant of Moab + +Here "inhabitant" means inhabitants in general. AT: "inhabitants of Moab" or "people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# fall into the pit ... caught in the trap + +Here "the pit" and "the trap" represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in the year of + +Here, "year" could be translated as "time" or "season" or "time period." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/45.md b/jer/48/45.md index 2edb536822..ec9dfa5b76 100644 --- a/jer/48/45.md +++ b/jer/48/45.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The ones who flee -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +This refers to the people who were able to run away during the destruction of Moab. -## translationNotes +# will stand in the shadow of Heshbon -* **The ones who flee** - This refers to the people who were able to run away during the destruction of Moab. -* **the shadow of Heshbon** - a safe place within the city of Heshbon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **for fire will go out from Heshbon, flame from the middle of Sihon** - These two phrases have similar meaning, and are used together here for emphasis. There will be a fire in the middle of Heshbon, which was the royal city of Sihon, the king of Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **forehead of Moab and the top of heads of the boastful people** - These phrases refer to the people of Heshbon and its prominent leaders. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **forehead** - the part of the face that is above the eyes, but below the hairline. A symbol of pride. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **top of the heads of the boastful people** - This phrase refers to the prominent people of Moab, such as the princes and leaders. Also a symbol of pride. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "in the shadow" represents protection or shelter. AT: "will hide in Heshbon for protection" or "will go to Heshbon for shelter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for fire will go out from Heshbon, flame from the middle of Sihon + +These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Moab's destruction will begin and spread out from Heshbon, where King Sihon once lived. AT: because a fire will burn in Heshbon, which is the city where King Sihon lived long ago (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Heshbon + +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sihon + +This is the name of an Amorite king who once ruled over Heshbon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It will devour the forehead of Moab and the top of the heads of the boastful people + +Here "forehead" and "top of the heads" represent the people of Moab as a whole. AT: "It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# forehead + +the part of the face that is above the eyes, but below the hairline \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/46.md b/jer/48/46.md index 9d4d9b42da..024f8511f9 100644 --- a/jer/48/46.md +++ b/jer/48/46.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Chemosh's people are destroyed -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Chemosh -* **Chemosh's people are destroyed** - AT: "The people of Chemosh are destroyed by their enemies" or "The enemies of the people of Chemosh destroyed them". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Chemosh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:48:06]] -* **latter days** - This refers to a time in the future, called the "last days." -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +This is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 48:07](./06.md). + +# your sons are taken as captives and your daughters into captivity + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy army has taken your sons and daughters as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will restore the fortunes of Moab + +"I will cause things to go well for Moab again" or "I will cause Moab to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). + +# in later days + +"in the future" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The judgment on Moab ends here + +"That is the end of what Jeremiah prophesied about Moab" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/intro.md b/jer/48/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1514f5278a --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/48/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Jeremiah 48 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 48:1-25, 28-33, 39-47, which are extended quotations. + +Jeremiah's prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Obeying Yahweh ##### + +Moab worshiped and served other gods. Despite this, Yahweh expected every nation to worship and serve him and him alone. They were punished because of it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 48:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../47/intro.md) | [>>](../49/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/01.md b/jer/49/01.md index 40670f0a29..a5fe3e1fc9 100644 --- a/jer/49/01.md +++ b/jer/49/01.md @@ -1,36 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gad|Gad]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:molech]] -* [[en:tw:molech|Molech, Moloch]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:rabbah]] -* [[en:tw:rabbah|Rabbah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# Yahweh says this -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Does Israel have no children? Is there no one to inherit anything in Israel? Why does Molech occupy Gad, and his people live in its cities?** - AT: "There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **So look** - This adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Look and listen". -* **days are coming** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:07:31]]. -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Does Israel have no children? Is there no one to inherit anything in Israel? Why does Molech occupy Gad, and his people live in its cities? + +Yahweh uses a question to express that the people of Israel should be living in Gad rather than those who worship Molech. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why does Molech + +Here "Molech" represents the people who worship Molech. AT: "Why do the people who worship Molech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So look + +This adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Look and listen" + +# days are coming ... when I will + +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will" or "there will be a time ... when I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# when I will sound the signal for battle + +Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. AT: "when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# its villages will be set on fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy army will burn their villages" + +# For Israel will possess those who possessed him + +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. "Those" refers to people of Ammon, who represent the land that they took from Israel. AT: "Then the people of Israel will again possess the land that the people of Ammon took away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/03.md b/jer/49/03.md index da7fc91de5..8480fe2f68 100644 --- a/jer/49/03.md +++ b/jer/49/03.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Howl in lament -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:ai|Ai]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:faithless|faithless, faithlessness]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth|sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +"Cry loudly and weep" -## translationNotes +# Heshbon -* **Howl** - cry out loud -* **daughters of Rabbah** - The women in the city of Rabbah -* **Why are you proud of your strength?** - AT: "You should not be so proud because you really are not strong." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who will come against me?** - "You falsely think that no one can defeat you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/01.md). Here "Heshbon" represents the people. AT: "people of Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for Ai will be devastated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for your enemies will devastate Ai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# daughters of Rabbah + +Possible meanings are 1) "daughters" represent the women who live in Rabbah. AT: "women of Rabbah" or 2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. AT: "people of Rabbah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for Molech is going into captivity + +"for your enemies will take your god Molech captive." This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land. + +# Why do you brag about your valleys ... daughter? + +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Do not be proud of your valleys ... daughter." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why do you brag about your valleys, your valleys that are so fruitful + +Some versions of the Bible read, "Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away" + +# faithless daughter + +Here, the people of Ammon are spoken of as if they were a daughter. AT: "faithless people" or "rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# say, 'Who will come against me?' + +The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. AT: "falsely think that no one can defeat you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/05.md b/jer/49/05.md index ecdb5b1995..cc85c911d8 100644 --- a/jer/49/05.md +++ b/jer/49/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I am about to bring terror on you -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrified." AT: "I am about to cause you to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# you -* **you** - The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon. -* **be scattered** - AT: "go in different directions". -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon. + +# this is the declaration of Lord Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as you did the similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# this terror will come from all those who surround you. Each one of you will be scattered before it + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as the verb "terrify." The phrase "will be scattered" can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will restore the fortunes of the people of Ammon + +"I will cause things to go well for the people of Ammon again" or "I will cause the people of Ammon to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/07.md b/jer/49/07.md index c4cb517e19..59ec171736 100644 --- a/jer/49/07.md +++ b/jer/49/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts says this -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:edom|Edom, Edomite, Idumea, Seir, Teman]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:esau|Esau]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## translationNotes +# Is there no longer any wisdom to be found in Teman? -* **Has good advice … Has their wisdom gone away?** - The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Has good advice disappeared from those who understand things?** - AT: "It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman district in Edom!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Has their wisdom gone away?** - AT: "There are no people left who can give others good advice. The people who were wise have disappeared." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Teman for not acting wisely. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Teman + +This is the name of a district in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Has good advice ... understanding? Has their wisdom become corrupted? + +The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Has good advice disappeared from those who have understanding? + +Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman district in Edom!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Has their wisdom become corrupted? + +Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. This question may be translated as a statement. AT: "Their advice is no longer wise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Dedan + +The is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I am bringing the disaster of Esau on him at the time that I punish him + +Here "Esau" represents the people of Edom. The Edomites were descendants of Esau. AT: "I will cause the people of Edom to experience disaster when I punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on him ... I punish him + +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Edom. This can be stated in second person. AT: "on you ... I punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/09.md b/jer/49/09.md index cba2952d16..d3f1e08d32 100644 --- a/jer/49/09.md +++ b/jer/49/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:grape|grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:thief]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -## translationNotes +# If grape harvesters ... would they not leave a little bit behind? -* Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -* **If grape harvesters came… ** - AT: "Those who harvest grapes always leave some on the vines." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If thieves came…** - AT: "When thieves come at night, they surely steal only as much as they want." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]j +Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how grape harvesters leave some grapes behind. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If grape harvesters ... they would certainly leave some grapes behind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If thieves ... would they not steal only as much as they wanted? + +Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "If thieves ... they would only take as much as they wanted." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But I have stripped Esau bare + +Yahweh causing an enemy army to come and take everything is spoken of as if Yahweh stripped all the clothes off of Esau. AT: "But I have sent an army to take everything away from Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Esau ... his hiding ... he will not ... hide himself ... His children ... he is gone + +Here "Esau" represents the people of Edom. AT: "the people of Edom ... their hiding ... they will not ... hide themselves ... Their children ... they are gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have revealed his hiding places + +"I have made known to the enemy soldiers where the people of Edom hide" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/12.md b/jer/49/12.md index 3c10324524..d0618b07c7 100644 --- a/jer/49/12.md +++ b/jer/49/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -## translationNotes +# See -* Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -* **See** - AT: "Look, listen, or pay attention" -* **drink some of the cup** - AT: "experience punishment" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Do you yourself think you will go without punishment?** - AT: "Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you, yourself** - The words "you" and "yourself" refer to Edom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]] -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I say" + +# must certainly drink some of the cup ... for you will certainly drink + +Here "the cup" is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh's punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh's punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. AT: "must certainly experience my punishment ... for you will certainly experience my punishment" or "I will certainly still punish ... for I will certainly punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do you yourself think you will go without punishment? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you yourself + +The words "you" and "yourself" refer to Edom, which represents the people of Edom. The word "yourself" is used to draw attention to the people of Edom. AT: "you yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Bozrah will become a horror, a disgrace, a devastation, and an object for cursing + +The abstract nouns "a horror," "a disgrace," and "a devastation" can be translated as verbs. AT: "People will be horrified when they see that the city of Bozrah is devastated. And they will mock the city and use its name when they curse others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Bozrah + +This is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All of its cities + +"All of Edom's cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/14.md b/jer/49/14.md index 14290d74ba..d659dc61e1 100644 --- a/jer/49/14.md +++ b/jer/49/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jeremiah is now speaking to the people of Edom. -## translationNotes +# I have heard -* Jeremiah is now speaking to the people of Edom. -* **I have heard** - The word "I" refers to Jeremiah. -* **attack her** - The word "her" refers to Edom. -* **I have made** - The word "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **you** - The word "you" refers to the nation of Edom. +The word "I" refers to Jeremiah. + +# a messenger has been sent out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has sent out a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the nations, 'Gather together ... for battle.' + +It is understood "Gather together" is the beginning of the messenger's message. AT: "to tell the nations, 'Gather together ... for battle.'" or "to the nations, and he will tell them, 'Gather together ... for battle.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# attack her + +The word "her" refers to Edom. + +# I have made you + +The word "I" refers to Yahweh. Here "you" refers to the nation of Edom. + +# made you small + +Here "small" represents having the least political importance. AT: "made you least important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# despised by people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and people despise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/16.md b/jer/49/16.md index 75f5a12600..4aa58b95fd 100644 --- a/jer/49/16.md +++ b/jer/49/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -## translationNotes +# As for your fearsomeness -* Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -* **nest high like an eagle** - AT: " live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +Here the abstract noun "fearsomeness" can be translated with either an adjective or a verb. AT: "As for how terrifying you think you are" or "Although you think you scare other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your heart's pride has deceived you + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. AT: "you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that you may make your nest high like an eagle + +It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. AT: "live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# eagle + +This is a very large, powerful bird of prey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:13](../04/13.md). + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/17.md b/jer/49/17.md index 8de78bf895..b6b135ac92 100644 --- a/jer/49/17.md +++ b/jer/49/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah|Gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:sodom|Sodom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom. -## translationNotes +# Edom will become a horror to everyone passing by it -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom. -* **tremble and hiss** - AT: "shake from fear and speak of their displeasure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah** - AT: "in the way Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **no one will live there; no person will stay there** - Yahweh says the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The abstract noun "horror" can be stated using the verb "horrified." AT: "The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# tremble and hiss + +The word "hiss" refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. AT: "shake from fear and gasp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# no one will live there; no person will stay there + +Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/19.md b/jer/49/19.md index 22616966e5..86345d24e1 100644 --- a/jer/49/19.md +++ b/jer/49/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -## translationNotes +# See -* Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -* **See** - AT: "Look, listen, pay attention". -* **like a lion** - This is another way of saying that the attack will be fierce and unexpected. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **For who is like me, and who will summon me?** - Yahweh uses the question to point out the smallness of humans. AT:" No one is like me, no one orders me around". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **summon** - "order someone to come" -* **What shepherd is able to resist me?** - Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. "Shepherd" here is a metaphor for "king," "ruler." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Look" or "Listen" + +# he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands + +This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. AT: "When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# pasturelands + +This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass. + +# Edom run from it + +Here "Edom" represents the people. "It" refers to the land. AT: "the people of Edom will run from their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who will be chosen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom I will choose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For who is like me, and who will summon me? + +Yahweh uses the question to emphasize that no one is like him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "For no one is like me, no one can summon me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who will summon me + +"who will challenge me" or "who will call me to account" + +# What shepherd is able to resist me? + +Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. Here "shepherd" is a metaphor for "king" or "ruler." This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No king is able to resist me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/20.md b/jer/49/20.md index 9a3b974683..61e668e9c6 100644 --- a/jer/49/20.md +++ b/jer/49/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the inhabitants of Teman -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the people who live in Teman" -## translationNotes +# Teman -* **the inhabitants of Teman** - the people who live in Teman -* **They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock** - AT: "He will drag them away, even the smallest flock" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places** - AT: "He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **pastureland** - a piece of land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass. +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 49:7](./07.md). + +# They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock + +This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will drag them away, even the smallest flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# even the smallest flock + +Here the youngest and weakest people of Edom are spoken of as if they are the smallest flock of sheep. AT: "even the weakest and the smallest people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places + +Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places" or "He will completely get rid of the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/21.md b/jer/49/21.md index 2b4107b5e6..47d1974917 100644 --- a/jer/49/21.md +++ b/jer/49/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# At the sound of their falling the earth shakes -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains|labor pains, in labor]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:redsea|Red Sea, Sea of Reeds]] +The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. AT: "When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The sound of distressed shouts is heard at the Sea of Reeds -* **their** - The word "their" refers to Edom. -* **At the sound of their falling the earth shakes. The sound of the shouts is heard at the Red Sea** - The purpose of this exaggeration is to tell the failure of Edom will be severe. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **See** - AT: "Look, listen, pay attention". -* **attack like an eagle, swoop down and spread his wings** - AT: The attack will be vicious and unexpected. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Bozrah** - a city (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **become like the heart of a woman birth labor** - "feel overwhelmed and full of dread"(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# See + +"Look" or "Listen" + +# someone will attack like an eagle, and swoop down and spread his wings + +This simile means that when the enemy army attacks it will be vicious and unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Bozrah + +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the hearts of Edom's soldiers will become like the heart of a woman in birth labor + +Here "hearts" represent a person's emotions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 48:41](../48/40.md). AT: "Edom's soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/23.md b/jer/49/23.md index cbeb33d070..1d738aacb1 100644 --- a/jer/49/23.md +++ b/jer/49/23.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:damascus|Damascus]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:hamath|Hamath, Lebo-Hamath]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +Yahweh tells what will happen to the people of Damascus. -## translationNotes +# Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed -* Yahweh tells what will happen to the people of Damascus. -* **Arpad** - This is a Syrian city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They melt away** - AT: "They are scared!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They become as troubled as the sea** - Their emotions are compared to a troubled sea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **pain like a woman giving birth** - AT: "pain seizes it like a woman giving birth" Their pain is compared to the pain of a woman giving birth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* ** "How is the famous city, the city over which I have rejoiced, not yet evacuated?"** - AT: "It cannot be that the famous city, the city where there was so much joy and happiness should still have people in it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "Hamath" and "Arpad" represent the people who live there. AT: "The people who live in Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hamath and Arpad + +These are cities in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They melt away + +Being scared is spoken of as if the person were melting. AT: "They are very scared!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They become as troubled as the sea, which cannot stay calm + +The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Damascus has become very weak. It turns ... seizes it + +Here "Damascus" represents the people who live there. AT: "The people of Damascus have become very weak. They turn ... seizes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# terror seizes it + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as the verb "terrified." AT: "Damascus is terrified" or "The people of Damascus are terrified" + +# Distress and pain seize it, like the pain of a woman giving birth + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "distress" and "pain." The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. AT: "The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? + +Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? + +Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. AT: "The people of Damascus say, 'The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/26.md b/jer/49/26.md index 5f158ff867..aa57b2acb9 100644 --- a/jer/49/26.md +++ b/jer/49/26.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Damascus. -## translationNotes +# its -* Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Damascus. -* **its** - The word "its" refers to the Damascus. -* **Yahweh of Host's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **Ben Hadad** - This the the name of the king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The word "its" refers to Damascus and its people. + +# its young men will fall in its plazas + +They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. AT: "enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will light a fire + +Causing the enemy army to light a fire is spoken of as if Yahweh will light the fire. AT: "I will cause the enemy army to light a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it will devour + +"the fire will completely burn up" + +# Ben Hadad + +This the name or title of the king of Damascus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/28.md b/jer/49/28.md index d39e31add8..01237618b2 100644 --- a/jer/49/28.md +++ b/jer/49/28.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:camel|camel]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar|Nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Jeremiah speaks about what will happen to Kedar. -## translationNotes +# Kedar -* Jeremiah speaks about what will happen to Kedar. -* **Kedar** - The name of a group of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hazor** - The name of a place in the biblical and modern Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:10](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hazor + +This is the name of kingdom or district far to the east of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# now Nebuchadnezzar + +Here "now" introduces background information about Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack + +Here "Nebuchadnezzar" represents his army. AT: "the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their tents and their flocks will be taken, along with their tent curtains and all of their equipment + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their camels will be led away from them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your soldiers will take their camels from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# men will shout to them, "Terror is on every side!" + +Possible meanings are 1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. AT: "men will shout, 'We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!'" or 2) these are soldiers in the invading army. AT: "soldiers will shout at them, 'Be afraid because we are all around you!'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/30.md b/jer/49/30.md index 96ad12a74b..c8e177578f 100644 --- a/jer/49/30.md +++ b/jer/49/30.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor. -## translationNotes +# Flee! Wander ... Turn back! -* Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Kedar. -* **Stay in holes in the ground** - "Stay hidden" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **inhabitants of Hazor** - "people who live in Hazor" -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]] -* ** devised a plan** - "made a plan" -* **they, them** - The words "they" and "them" refer to the people who feel safe and secure. +Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar. + +# inhabitants of Hazor + +"people who live in Hazor" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# devised a plan + +"made a plan" + +# Arise! Attack ... themselves + +Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Attack the nation at ease, that lives in safety + +Here "nation" represents the people living there. AT: "Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They ... them + +The words "They" and "them" refer to the people who feel safe and secure. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/32.md b/jer/49/32.md index 2b28d86bf8..c2eead39cd 100644 --- a/jer/49/32.md +++ b/jer/49/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:waste|waste, wasteland]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Nebuchadnezzar to attack the people of Kedar and the kingdom of Hazor. -## translationNotes +# For their camels will become plunder, and the abundance of their property will become war plunder -* **scatter to every wind** - "go in all different directions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Then I will scatter to every wind those who cut the corners of their hair** - AT: "Then I will send in all different directions those who do not obey my commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **No one will live there, no human being will stay there** - The same idea is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. This can be stated in second person. AT: "For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Then I will scatter to every wind + +Here "every wind" represents the nations. AT: "Then I will send to nations in all different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who cut the corners of their hair + +This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as "those who live on the edge of the wilderness." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/25.md). + +# I will bring disaster on them from every side + +The phrase containing the abstract noun "disaster" can be replaced by the verb "destroy". AT: "I will bring their enemies from every side to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# a lair of jackals + +"a place where jackals live." Jackals are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated "jackals" in [Jeremiah 9:11](../09/10.md). + +# No one will live there; no human being will stay there + +These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Hazor will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/34.md b/jer/49/34.md index c7d70dcad6..cf763dfe26 100644 --- a/jer/49/34.md +++ b/jer/49/34.md @@ -1,30 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elam]] -* [[en:tw:elam|Elam]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah|Zedekiah]] +Yahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam. -## translationNotes +# This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah -* Yahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam. -* **bowmen** - men who are skilled with a bow and arrows -* **four winds from the four corners** - "4 winds from the 4 corners". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **four corners of** - AT: "all directions, everywhere". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **There is no nation to which those scattered from Elam will not go.** - AT: "The refugees from Elam will be forced to seek refuge absolutely everywhere throughout the world." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# I am about to break the bowmen of Elam, the main part of their power + +"The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them" + +# bowmen + +men who are skilled with a bow and arrows + +# I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens + +Here "four winds from the four corners" is an idiom that represents wind blowing from every direction. AT: "I will cause the winds to blow from every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens + +Here "winds" represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions AT: "I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to all of those winds + +Here "winds" represents "nations." AT: "to all those nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is no nation to which those scattered from Elam will not go + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I will scatter the people of Elam to every nation on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/37.md b/jer/49/37.md index 9e8153906b..659b9cb134 100644 --- a/jer/49/37.md +++ b/jer/49/37.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Elam. -## translationNotes +# I will shatter Elam -* Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Elam. -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **send the sword** - AT: "send their enemies to kill them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I will put my throne** - AT: "I will establish my rule over" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These words are a metonym for Yahweh causing enemies to destroy Elam. AT: "I will cause Elam's enemies to destroy Elam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Elam + +the people of Elam (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who seek their lives + +Seeking a person's life represents wanting or desiring to kill someone. AT: "those who want to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will bring disaster against them + +Yahweh causing people to experience disaster is spoken of as if he would bring disaster against them. AT: "I will cause them to experience disaster" or "I will cause terrible things to happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fury of my wrath + +This is the reason that Yahweh will destroy the people of Elam. AT: "because I am very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the sword after them + +Here "sword" represents the enemy army carrying their weapons. AT: "the enemy army to pursue and kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will put my throne in Elam + +Here "throne" represents Yahweh's right to rule and judge as the king. AT: "I will judge the people of Elam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in later days + +"in the future" + +# I will bring back the fortunes of Elam + +"I will cause things to go well for Elam again" or "I will cause Elam to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/intro.md b/jer/49/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d27eb16ab --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/49/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 49 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 49:1-11, 14-27, 29-33, 37-39, which are extended quotations. + +Jeremiah's prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Covenant with Abraham ##### +Ammon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to convict those Yahweh addresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 49:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../48/intro.md) | [>>](../50/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/01.md b/jer/50/01.md index 95cf612b21..251a325dd5 100644 --- a/jer/50/01.md +++ b/jer/50/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans|Chaldea, Chaldean]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah|Jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:report|report]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +God gives Jeremiah a message about Babylon. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# This is the word that Yahweh declared -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **by the hand of Jeremiah** - AT: "through the action of Jeremiah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **cause them to listen… listen** - This phrase is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Bel, Merodach** - These are the two names for the same god of Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bel is made ashamed. Merodach is dismayed. Its idols are put to shame; its images are dismayed.** - The same idea is expressed in different ways for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet + +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:2](../37/01.md). AT: "through Jeremiah, who was a prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# cause them to listen ... cause them to listen + +This phrase is repeated to emphasize the importance of the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Lift up a signal + +"Put up a sign" + +# Babylon is taken + +"Babylon is conquered" + +# Bel is made ashamed. Marduk is dismayed. Its idols are put to shame; its images are dismayed + +These lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh has disgraced the gods of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Bel ... Marduk + +These are two names for the chief god of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/03.md b/jer/50/03.md index 5238b7beb7..098085913d 100644 --- a/jer/50/03.md +++ b/jer/50/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# arise against it ... live in it -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beast|beast]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:desolate|desolate, desolation]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofisrael|kingdom of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Here "it" refers to Babylon in both phrases. -## translationNotes +# her land -* **arise against it** - The word "it" refers to Babylon. -* **her land** - The word "her" refers to Babylon. -* **live in it** - The word "it" refers to the land of Babylon. -* **They will ask … They will go** - The word "They" refers to people of Israel or people of Judah. -* **join themselves to Yahweh** - This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **not be broken** - This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. AT: "that no one will break." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "her" refers to Babylon. + +# make her land a desolation + +The abstract noun "desolation" can be translated as a verb. AT: "destroy her land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# In those days and at that time + +These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, Yahweh, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# seek Yahweh their God + +Seeking Yahweh their God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will ask + +The word "They" refers to the people of Israel or the people of Judah who are returning from Babylon to Jerusalem. + +# join ourselves to Yahweh + +This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that will not be forgotten + +This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one will forget" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/06.md b/jer/50/06.md index ab7ec9309c..60f7e68cff 100644 --- a/jer/50/06.md +++ b/jer/50/06.md @@ -1,28 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# My people have been a lost flock -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a group of sheep that was lost. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "My people have been like a lost flock of sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# Their shepherds -* **lost flock** - This compares the people of Israel to a group of sheep that are lost. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **devoured them** - This compares destroying and taking everything from them to eating eagerly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they sinned** - The word "they" refers to the people of Israel. +The leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were the shepherds of people. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "Their leaders were like shepherds who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# turned them around from hill to hill + +"lead them around to many different places" + +# devoured them + +Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they sinned + +The word "they" refers to the people of Israel. + +# Yahweh, their true home + +Here "home" represents a place of safety and provision. Yahweh is therefore spoken of as the one who gives protection and provision. AT: "Yahweh, the one who protects and provides for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors + +Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. The abstract noun "hope" can be stated as an action. AT: "the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/08.md b/jer/50/08.md index 5fc1e6a987..a1a151962f 100644 --- a/jer/50/08.md +++ b/jer/50/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:vain|vain]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon. -## translationNotes +# Leave from the midst of Babylon -* **like male goats that leave...** - This compares the people whom Yahweh advises to leave as soon as possible from Babylon to male goats that tend to wander from the flock. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Babylon will be captured from there** - AT: "The nations will capture Babylon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **soldier warrior** - These two words are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon. + +# be like male goats that leave + +Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. Possible meanings are 1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or 2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# For see + +The word "see" alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. AT: "Pay attention, because" + +# set in motion + +"stir up" + +# Babylon will be captured from there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "These nations will capture Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from there + +Possible meanings are 1) "from the north" or 2) "from their battle positions." + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, Yahweh, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Their arrows are like a skilled warrior who does not return empty-handed + +The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom "empty-handed" means "without success." AT: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Chaldea will become plunder + +"They will plunder Chaldea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/11.md b/jer/50/11.md index c1348924dd..95184f941f 100644 --- a/jer/50/11.md +++ b/jer/50/11.md @@ -1,25 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Babylon]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# You rejoice, you celebrate -* **you jump around like a calf stamping in its pasture** - This compares the people of Babylon to a calf who runs around joyfully in a meadow. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **stamping** - See how you translated this in Jeremiah [[en:bible:notes:jer:47:03]]. -* **you neigh like a powerful horse** - This compares their happiness to the happiness of stallions that are neighing - making loud noises. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **So your mother … the one who bore you will be embarrassed.** - The same idea is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. This compares the ancestors of the Babylonians to a mother in a family. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert** - These words have basically the same meaning for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **shudder** - shake violently due to fear -* **hiss** - make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval +These terms mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how happy they were to conquer Israel. AT: "You people of Babylon rejoice, celebrate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You rejoice ... you jump ... you neigh ... bore you + +Each instance of "You" or "you" is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# you jump around like a calf stamping in its pasture + +The joy of the people of Babylon is compared to a calf who runs around joyfully in a pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# stamping + +the action a calf makes when kicking the ground + +# you neigh like a powerful horse + +The people of Babylon are compared to stallions that are making loud noises because they are excited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# So your mother will be greatly ashamed; the one who bore you will be embarrassed + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words "mother" and "the one who bore you" refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the least of nations + +"the most unimportant nation" + +# a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert + +These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or 2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a complete devastation + +The abstract noun "devastation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# shudder + +shake violently due to fear + +# hiss + +make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/14.md b/jer/50/14.md index bb1ed6e27e..fafead7bda 100644 --- a/jer/50/14.md +++ b/jer/50/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +Yahweh tells the other nations to attack Babylon. -## translationNotes +# Arrange yourselves against Babylon -* Yahweh tells the enemies of Babylon how to conquer. -* **everyone who bends a bow** - This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **shoot at her** - The word "her" refers to Babylon. -* **Her walls are torn down** - AT: "The nations have torn down her walls" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. AT: "You enemies of Babylon arrange yourselves against her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Arrange yourselves + +"Line up in military formation" or "Form battle lines" + +# Everyone who bends a bow + +This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight. + +# shoot at her + +The word "her" refers to Babylon. + +# Do not keep back any of your arrows + +This emphasizes that they should shoot all their arrows. AT: "Shoot every one of your arrows at her" + +# she has sinned ... She has surrendered ... she has done + +These instances of "she" are addressed to the city of Babylon, but refer to the people who live in the city. AT: "her people have sinned ... Her people have surrendered ... her people have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# her walls are torn down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the nations have torn down her walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/16.md b/jer/50/16.md index 2109ce2560..5029498ebb 100644 --- a/jer/50/16.md +++ b/jer/50/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +Yahweh continues to tell the other nations to attack Babylon. -## translationNotes +# the farmer who sows seed and the one who uses a sickle -* Yahweh tells the enemies of Babylon how to conquer. -* **a sickle at the time of harvest** - This is farm tool used in harvesting grain. Yahweh compares harvesting to destroying Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Let each person turn back … to their own land** - This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These people collectively represent all the farmers and harvesters of Babylon. + +# the one who uses a sickle at the time of harvest + +A "sickle" is a farm tool that people use to harvest grain. Together with the previous phrase, Yahweh is saying that all planting and harvesting will stop in Babylon. + +# Let each person turn back to his own people ... let them flee to their own land + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command for foreigners to flee from Babylon back to their own countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# from the oppressor's sword + +Here the word "sword" refers to the armies that will attack Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/17.md b/jer/50/17.md index 6e1d35d4da..a4090bda2a 100644 --- a/jer/50/17.md +++ b/jer/50/17.md @@ -1,28 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire, Asshur]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about Israel. -## translationNotes +# Israel is a sheep scattered and driven away by lions -* **Israel is a sheep scattered and driven away by lions** - AT: "Israel is a sheep that lions scattered and drove away" Yahweh compares Israel to sheep and her enemies to lions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **devoured him** - This compares the destruction of Israel by Assyria to being eaten eagerly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **broke his bones** - This compares the destruction of Israel by Nebuchdnezzar to breaking bones. AT: "destroyed Israel". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **See, I am about to...** - The word "See" means to pay special attention to what follows. +Yahweh speaks of Israel as if it were a sheep that was trying to escape from hungry lions. This metaphor can be stated as a simile and in active form. AT: "Israel is like a sheep that lions scattered and drove away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Israel + +This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the king of Assyria + +This refers to the army of the king of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# devoured him + +The destruction of Israel by Assyria is spoken of as if Israel were a sheep that Assyria ate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon + +This refers to the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# broke his bones + +The destruction of Israel by Nebuchadnezzar is spoken of if it were a sheep which had its bones crushed by a lion. AT: "destroyed Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# See, I am about to + +The word "See" means to pay special attention to what follows. + +# his land + +Here "land" is a metonym for the people who live in the land of Babylon. AT: "the Babylonian people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/19.md b/jer/50/19.md index df6aed5c61..98c0437555 100644 --- a/jer/50/19.md +++ b/jer/50/19.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:carmel|Carmel, Mount Carmel]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will restore -* **I will restore ** - The word "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **he will graze on Carmel and Bashan** - AT: "Israel will feed on the foods of Carmel and Bashan." -* **Iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found ** - AT: "Yahweh will look for iniquity in the people of Israel, but will not find any" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **iniquity will be looked for in Israel, … I will inquire about the sins …** - The same idea is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The word "I" refers to Yahweh. + +# Israel to his homeland ... he will be satisfied + +This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel to their homeland ... they will be satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will graze on Carmel and Bashan + +Israel is spoken of as if they were sheep that eat grass. AT: "they will eat food that grows in Carmel and Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In those days and at that time + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that future time. See how you translated this in as [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found. I will inquire about the sins of Judah, but none will be found + +These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that Yahweh will completely forgive the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will look for iniquity in the people of Israel, but will not find any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that I spare + +They will escape the destruction of Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "that I allow to escape the destruction of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/21.md b/jer/50/21.md index 44241c8594..e5a6bce2ff 100644 --- a/jer/50/21.md +++ b/jer/50/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the enemies of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# Arise against the land -* **Merathaim** - This is another name for Babylon. This is a name that means "double rebellion". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Pekod** - This is another name for the Chaldeans. This is a name that means "visitation." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Put them to the sword** - This refers to having a sword come down on people to kill them. AT: "kill them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. +Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. AT: "You enemies of Babylon, arise against the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Merathaim + +This is another name for Babylon. This is a name that means "double rebellion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pekod + +This is another name for the Chaldeans. This is a name that means "visitation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Put them to the sword + +This refers to having a sword come down on people to kill them. AT: "Kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Put them to the sword + +Here the word "sword" represents war. Yahweh speaks of Babylon's enemies killing them in battle as if he were placing those people under the sword's power. AT: "Kill them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# set them apart for destruction + +This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/07.md). AT: "Destroy them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, Yahweh, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The sounds of battle and enormous destruction are in the land + +These sounds are heard during battle and great destruction. They are spoken of in the present tense to indicate that this will certainly happen soon. AT: "The sounds of fierce battle and terrible destruction are going to happen soon in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/23.md b/jer/50/23.md index bb79ab7b17..783a992e25 100644 --- a/jer/50/23.md +++ b/jer/50/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# How the hammer of all the lands has been cut apart and destroyed -* **How the hammer of all the lands has been cut apart and destroyed** - Here, "the hammer of all the lands" is the powerful army of Babylon that is going to be destroyed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **horror** - a very strong feeling of fear, dread, and shock -* **You were captured, Babylon** - AT: "I have have captured you, Babylon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You were found and seized** - AT: "I have found and seized you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The army of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a hammer. The destruction of this army is spoken of as if the hammer was to be cut up and destroyed. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "The mighty army of Babylon that conquered all the nations is like a hammer that will be broken into pieces and destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# How Babylon has become a destroyed place among the nations + +Babylon was a nation like the other nations, but it will become a complete ruin, totally destroyed. + +# I have set a trap for you and you were taken + +The destruction of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had caught them in a trap like an animal. AT: "I set a trap and caught you in it as a hunter catches an animal" or "You people of Babylon, I have set a trap for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you were taken ... You were found and captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have captured you ... I found you and captured you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/25.md b/jer/50/25.md index a724d48ab4..3216cb3b8e 100644 --- a/jer/50/25.md +++ b/jer/50/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh has opened his armory and is bringing out the weapons for carrying out his anger -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Yahweh's anger that causes him to send enemies against Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had an armory and weapons. To open an armory is a metonym for preparing for battle. AT: "Yahweh has prepared for war and is sending the nations to attack Babylon in his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# armory -* **granary ** - a building where grain is stored -* **pile her up like heaps of grain.** - AT "pile up what is left of her the way heaps of grain are piled up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +this is a building or room where weapons of war are stored + +# Attack her from far away + +Yahweh speaks to the enemies of Babylon. AT: "You enemies of Babylon, attack her from far away" + +# Open her granaries + +Here "granaries" represent where Babylon stored its treasures. AT: "Raid the places where her treasures are stored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# granaries + +buildings where grain is stored + +# pile her up like heaps of grain + +Possible meanings are 1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or 2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Set her apart for destruction + +This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/07.md). AT: "destroy her completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Leave no remnant of her + +This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. AT: "Kill every person in her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/27.md b/jer/50/27.md index 4038f40297..3b3ef28e58 100644 --- a/jer/50/27.md +++ b/jer/50/27.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:report|report]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea. -## translationNotes +# Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter -* Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea. -* **Kill all her bulls** - The young warriors are compared to bulls because of their strength. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **her bulls** - The word "her" refers to Babylon. -* **them, their** - The word "them" and "their" refer to the people of Babylon. -* **those, these** - The word "those" and "these" refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh's vengeance. +Possible meaning of "bulls" is 1) soldiers or 2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Kill all her bulls + +Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. AT: "You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# her bulls + +The word "her" refers to Babylon. + +# them ... their + +The word "them" and "their" refer to the people of Babylon. + +# their day has come—the time for their punishment + +The phrases "their day" and "the time" mean the same thing and can be combined. AT: "the time for their punishment has come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# There is the sound of those fleeing + +"Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing" + +# those ... those ... These + +The words "those" and "These" refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh's vengeance. + +# the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple + +The abstract noun "vengeance" can be stated as an action. AT: "Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/29.md b/jer/50/29.md index 21eb6a4432..ace3961e57 100644 --- a/jer/50/29.md +++ b/jer/50/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:holyone|Holy One]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] +Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea. -## translationNotes +# Summon the archers against Babylon -* Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea. -* **her, she** - The words "her" and "she" refer to Babylon. -* **her fighting men will be destroyed** - AT: "I will destroy her fighting men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. AT: "You enemies of Babylon, summon the archers against her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the archers ... those who bend their bows + +These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# her ... her ... she + +The words "her" and "she" refer to Babylon. + +# let no one escape + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "capture or kill every person" + +# Do to her by the measure she has used + +The evil things the Babylonians did to Israel are spoken of as if Babylon measured them. AT: "Measure out punishment for her with the same amount she used to punish Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her young men will fall + +"they will kill her young men" + +# all her fighting men will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will destroy all her fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, Yahweh, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/31.md b/jer/50/31.md index 9c67e4ec82..d506c0c3c3 100644 --- a/jer/50/31.md +++ b/jer/50/31.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# See, I am against you -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh speaks this to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. AT: "See, I am against you, people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# See -* **See** - This word introduces something for special attention. -* **proud one** - This is Yahweh's description of Babylon. -* **For your day has come, … the time when … ** - These two short phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize or intensify the idea they express. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **your day** - This refers to the span of time during the horrible judgment will come onto Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I will light** - The word "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **a fire in their cities** - This refers to the way the destruction will come. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. + +# proud one + +This is Yahweh's description of Babylon. + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:19](../02/18.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# for your day has come ... the time when I will punish you + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase defines the "day" that the first phrase mentions. AT: "for the day when I will punish you has come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your day + +"your time." This refers to the entire span of time during which the horrible judgment will come upon Babylon. + +# the proud ones will stumble and fall + +Here "stumble and fall" are idioms that refer to defeat and death. AT: "I will cause enemies to defeat and kill the proud ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it will devour everything around him + +Fire burning the cities of Babylon is spoken of as if the fire were an animal that ate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# around him + +Here "him" refers to the "proud one" which describes Babylon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/33.md b/jer/50/33.md index 3de870dfae..27550030ac 100644 --- a/jer/50/33.md +++ b/jer/50/33.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression, oppressor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:strife]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh now speaks through Jeremiah about Israel and Judah. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh of hosts says this -* **The people of Israel are oppressed** - AT: "The Babylonians are oppressing the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **captured them** - The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. -* **they refuse** - The word "they" refers to the Babylonians. -* **let them go** - The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# The people of Israel are oppressed, together with the people of Judah + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Babylonians are oppressing the people of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# captured them + +The word "them" refers to the people of Israel and Judah who were captured and taken into exile. + +# He will truly plead their case + +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a lawyer who represents the people of Israel in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in order to bring rest to the land + +Here "the land" is a metonym for the people who live in the land. AT: "in order that the people who live in Israel might live in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bring rest ... bring strife + +These two terms represent opposite ideas and bring a strong contrast to how Yahweh will treat Israel and Babylon. + +# bring rest + +"give peace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/35.md b/jer/50/35.md index fe3454991c..d9b0db939c 100644 --- a/jer/50/35.md +++ b/jer/50/35.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# A sword is against ... against ... A sword is coming against -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans|Chaldea, Chaldean]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:divination|divination, diviner]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Here "sword" represents war. AT: "War will soon happen to ... to ... War will soon happen to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **A sword is against the Chaldeans** - "Sword" represents those who use them. AT: "enemy soldiers with swords are coming against the Chaldeans" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. -* **reveal themselves as fools** - The word "reveal" shows that their actions are foolish and will be exposed so everyone can see. -* **they will be filled with terror** - AT: "terror will fill them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they will become like women** - "they will all become as weak as women" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **storeroom** - a place where valuables are kept -* **they will be plundered** - AT: "enemy soldiers will plunder them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# reveal themselves as fools + +This phrase shows that their actions are foolish and will be exposed so everyone can see. + +# they will be filled with terror + +"they will be terrified" + +# they will become like women + +The weakness of the Babylonian soldiers is spoken of as if they were women. This can be stated clearly. AT: "they will all become as weak as women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# storerooms + +A storeroom is a place where supplies or valuables are kept. + +# they will be plundered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "enemy soldiers will plunder them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/38.md b/jer/50/38.md index 7d24c0c070..74fd42fcd7 100644 --- a/jer/50/38.md +++ b/jer/50/38.md @@ -1,32 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# A drought is coming on her waters -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beast|beast]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah|Gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:sodom|Sodom]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +"A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters" -## translationNotes +# her waters -* **A sword is against** - "Sword" represents those who use them. AT: "enemy soldiers with swords are coming" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **her waters** - "Waters" represent all the sources of water and other necessities for life, especially the river that went through the city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **jackal** - a wild dog found in Asia and Africa -* **ostrich** - a very large African bird that runs fast but cannot fly -* **ostriches will live in her** - The word "her" refers to Babylon. -* **For all time, she will no longer be inhabited. From generation to generation, she will not be lived in.** - These two phrases have the same meaning. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **she will no longer be inhabited** - AT: "no one will live there any longer." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **no one will live there; no person will stay in her.** - These two phrases have the same meaning. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "waters" represent all the sources of water for the Babylonians, especially the river that went through the city. + +# desert beasts with the jackals + +Possible meanings are 1) "wild animals and hyenas" or 2) "wild demons and evil spirits." + +# jackals + +A jackal is a wild dog found in Asia and Africa. + +# ostriches + +"Ostriches" are very large African birds that run fast but cannot fly. Some experts believe this word actually refers to an owl. + +# will live in her + +The word "her" refers to Babylon. + +# For all time, she will no longer be inhabited. From generation to generation, she will not be lived in + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. AT: "People will never live there again; it will be uninhabited forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# she will not be lived in + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will live in her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# no one will live there; no person will stay in her + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. They can be combined. AT: "no one will ever live there again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/41.md b/jer/50/41.md index 2a18468ec6..e90e1a96f9 100644 --- a/jer/50/41.md +++ b/jer/50/41.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains|labor pains, in labor]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:report|report]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:spear|spear]] +These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:22](../06/20.md) and [Jeremiah 6:23](../06/23.md). See how you translated those verses. -## translationNotes +# See, a people is coming -* **See** - This word says to pay special attention to what Yahweh will say. -* **a great nation and many kings** - This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. -* **battle formation** - the way troops are lined up in battle -* **daughter of Babylon** - This phrase refers to the Babylonian people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Anguish seizes him like a woman in labor** - His anguish is compared to the kind of anguish a woman experiences when she is in labor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Anguish** - suffering and grief that would bring one to tears. +Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. AT: "See, people of Babylon, a people is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See + +This word adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" + +# a great nation and many kings + +This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here "nation" represents their armies. AT: "the armies of a great nation and many kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# are being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth + +Being "stirred up" represents being urged to take action. AT: "are preparing to come from the most distant places on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will pick up bows and spears + +"The soldiers will carry bows and spears" + +# Their sound is like the sea roar + +The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the sea. AT: "The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle + +The phrase "set out in order" means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase "as men for battle" indicates that they are ready to fight. AT: "they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight" + +# daughter of Babylon + +This phrase refers to the Babylonian people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/43.md b/jer/50/43.md index 382b801fb2..a2b4a7be2c 100644 --- a/jer/50/43.md +++ b/jer/50/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +This verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:24](../06/23.md). See how you translated that verse. -## translationNotes +# his hands fell limp in distress -* This verse repeats verse 42 for emphasis. -* **Anxiety, pain like a woman in labor, has seized him** - His level of anxiety is compared to the level of anxiety of a woman in labor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"his hands were weak because he was anxious" + +# Anguish seized him + +Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if anguish grabs the king of Babylon. AT: "He felt terrible anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Anguish + +"suffering and grief that would bring one to tears" + +# like a woman giving birth + +The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. AT: "like a woman who is about to give birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/44.md b/jer/50/44.md index 6f04dabb1a..84672d0bd2 100644 --- a/jer/50/44.md +++ b/jer/50/44.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +This verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:19](../49/19.md). See how you translated that verse. -## translationNotes +# Behold! -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. -* **He goes up** - The word "he" refers to the invader from the north. (See: [[en:bible:notes:jer:50:41]]) -* **like a lion** - This is another way of saying that the attack will be fierce and unexpected. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I will quickly cause them to run from it** - The word "them" refers to the people of Babylon; the word "it" refers to the invasion. -* **someone who will be chosen** - AT: someone I will chose" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who is like me, and who will summon me?** - Yahweh uses the question to point out the smallness of humans. AT:“No one is like me, no one orders me around”. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **summon** - order someone to come -* **What shepherd is able to resist me?** - Yahweh uses the question to show that no leader is able to come against him or defeat him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "Behold" here tells the reader to pay attention to what follows. AT: "Pay attention!" + +# He goes up like a lion from the heights of the Jordan to the enduring grazing place + +This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in the first person. AT: "When I punish the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of mountains and attacks sheep in the pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the enduring grazing place + +This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass. + +# I will quickly cause them to run from it + +Here "them" refers to the Babylonian people; the word "it" refers to the invasion. + +# who will be chosen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom I will choose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For who is like me, and who will summon me? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that no one is like him. AT: "For no one is like me, no one can summon me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who will summon me + +"who will challenge me" or "who will call me to account" + +# What shepherd is able to resist me? + +Yahweh uses this question to show no one can defeat him. Here "shepherd" is a metaphor for "king" or "ruler." AT: "No king is able to resist me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/45.md b/jer/50/45.md index 5de3562c09..eebf506f87 100644 --- a/jer/50/45.md +++ b/jer/50/45.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:20](../49/20.md) and [Jeremiah 49:21](../49/21.md). See how you translated those verses. -## translationNotes +# the plans that Yahweh has decided against Babylon, the plans that he has planned against the land of the Chaldeans -* **the plans that Yahweh has decided against Babylon, the plans that he has planned against the land of the Chaldeans** - These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They will certainly be dragged away** - This means that the people of Babylon will be taken from their homes whether they like it or not. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places** - "I will turn their pasturelands into ruined places" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **At the sound of conquered Babylon the earth shakes** - This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to an extremely loud noise and earthquake. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **distress** - pain or unhappiness -* **their shout of distress** - "their shout of pain" +These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock + +This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Babylon as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will drag them away, even the smallest flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# even the smallest flock + +Here the youngest and weakest people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the smallest flock of sheep. AT: "even the youngest and weakest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places + +Here the land of Babylonia is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places" or "He will completely destroy the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# At the sound of conquered Babylon the earth shakes + +This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to the extremely loud noise of an earthquake. AT: "The fall of Babylon will sound like a mighty earthquake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# distress + +pain or unhappiness + +# their shout of distress + +"their shout of pain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/intro.md b/jer/50/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b23679270 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/50/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 50 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 50:1-5, 6-46, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Babylon destroyed ##### + +Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Israel ##### +The author sometimes uses the term "Israel" to refer to the people of the old northern kingdom of Israel, and at other times to the nation of Israel as a whole. He switches between these uses several times without warning the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 50:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../49/intro.md) | [>>](../51/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/01.md b/jer/51/01.md index 7ea06a043c..cb48807396 100644 --- a/jer/51/01.md +++ b/jer/51/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# See -* **wind of destruction** - AT: "an unstoppable destruction" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Leb Kamai** - This is another word for Babylon. -* **scatter** - To scatter is to separate and send in different directions. -* **on the day of disaster** - The phrase "day of" is a Hebrew idiom for "when." AT:"when she is destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This draws attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen carefully" or "Pay attention" + +# a wind of destruction + +Possible meanings are 1) "a wind that destroys" or 2) "the spirit of a destroyer." This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon. + +# Leb Kamai + +This is code name for Chaldea, a region of Babylonia. It is not clear why Jeremiah uses this name here, so you may want to translate as "Chaldea" or "Babylonia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# scatter her and devastate her land ... they will come against her + +The word "her," a metaphor that refers to Babylon as if it were a woman, is also a metonym for the people who live in Babylon. AT: "separate the people who live there from each other, send them in different directions, and make their land empty ... foreigners will attack the people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on the day of disaster + +The phrase "day of" is a Hebrew idiom for "when." AT: "when I destroy Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/03.md b/jer/51/03.md index 4049d17c7f..da5e58ab6a 100644 --- a/jer/51/03.md +++ b/jer/51/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not let ... do not let -* [[en:tw:archer]] -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] +Yahweh wants the attack to be so sudden that the archers have no time to prepare for battle. -## translationNotes +# those who are killed -* **Do not let the archers bend their bows** - "Do not allow the archers time to prepare to shoot" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "those whom the attackers kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/05.md b/jer/51/05.md index 5f62ff16be..29f106e09e 100644 --- a/jer/51/05.md +++ b/jer/51/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel and Judah are not forsaken by their God, by Yahweh of hosts -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The words "Israel" and "Judah" are metonyms for the people of Israel and Judah. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh of hosts, the God of the people of Israel and Judah, has not forsaken them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel -* There are no translation notes needed. +The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. The abstract noun "offenses" can be translated as a verb. AT: "they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in her iniquity + +Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word "iniquity" is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. AT: "when Yahweh punishes Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will repay all of it to her + +Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word "her," meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. AT: "will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/07.md b/jer/51/07.md index eab887f66e..af41734ce9 100644 --- a/jer/51/07.md +++ b/jer/51/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +The word "world" is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. Possible meanings are 1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. AT: "Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely" or 2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. AT: "Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh -* **Babylon was a golden cup** - AT: "Babylon was a strong nation used for judgment" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **insane** - AT: "unable to think clearly" -* **wail** - This is a loud, long cry of sadness. +Babylon being a powerful nation that Yahweh used for his own purposes is spoken of as if Babylon were a golden cup in his hand. Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nations drank her wine and became insane + +Possible meanings are 1) "Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations" or 2) "nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# insane + +"unable to think clearly" + +# Babylon will ... be destroyed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will destroy Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Wail + +to make a long, loud cry that shows that the person is sad + +# perhaps she can be healed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "perhaps Yahweh can heal her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/09.md b/jer/51/09.md index 65de41ae56..d261211558 100644 --- a/jer/51/09.md +++ b/jer/51/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh used Babylon to punish Judah and the nation. It is either the people of Judah or the people of the nations who are speaking the words in this quotation. -## translationNotes +# Babylon ... she is not healed ... leave her ... her guilt -* **For her guilt reaches up to the heavens; it is piled up to the clouds** - AT: "Babylon is so very guilty" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Yahweh has declared our innocence** - Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him. +The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live there, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "the people of Babylon ... they are not healed ... leave them ... their guilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she is not healed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "we have not been able to heal her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For her guilt reaches up to the heavens; it is piled up to the clouds + +Guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that could be made into a pile. The words "to the heavens" and "to the clouds" are an exaggeration for something that is very high. AT: "For Babylon is so very guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Yahweh has declared our innocence + +Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/11.md b/jer/51/11.md index 9d2e669e57..fecce5b4c5 100644 --- a/jer/51/11.md +++ b/jer/51/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] +Jeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon and their enemies, who cannot hear him, telling them that Yahweh will destroy Babylon before the Babylonians can prepare to defend themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# Lift up a banner over Babylon's walls -* **inhabitants** - This means people who live in a particular place. +"Give a signal to attack Babylon's walls" + +# make the watch strong + +"make sure the guards are strong and have good weapons" + +# set up watchmen + +"make sure there are enough men watching the city" + +# prepare the ambushes + +This was done in order to catch anyone running from the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/13.md b/jer/51/13.md index 736af1eedc..69c7f6f4f0 100644 --- a/jer/51/13.md +++ b/jer/51/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:locust]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] +Jeremiah continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who cannot hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# The thread of your life is now cut short -* **live by many streams of water** - AT: "are happy and wealthy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The thread...short** - AT: "Your lives will be ended quickly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Like a locust plague** - AT: "with a large number of soldiers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **battle cry** - This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle. +The people's lives are spoken of as if they were threads that God could cut. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your lives will be ended quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# like a locust plague + +The large number of enemy soldiers is spoken of as if they were a mass of locusts invading the city. AT: "with a large number of soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# battle cry + +This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/15.md b/jer/51/15.md index ebb60d77ad..56bebb13dc 100644 --- a/jer/51/15.md +++ b/jer/51/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# When he thunders, there is the roar of waters in the heavens -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +These phrases compare the voice of Yahweh to the loud sound made by thunder and rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# storehouses -* **When he thunders, there is the roar of waters in the heavens** - These phrases compare the voice of Yahweh to the loud sound made by thunder and rain. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **storehouse** - This is a place where things are kept for future use. +A storehouse is a building where people keep things they might want to use in the future. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/17.md b/jer/51/17.md index c039ab3a39..ccd2d8a6fe 100644 --- a/jer/51/17.md +++ b/jer/51/17.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Translate many of the words in these verses as in [Jeremiah 10:14-16](../10/14.md). -## translationNotes +# has become ignorant -* **Every man becomes like an animal without knowledge** - This shows Jeremiah's feeling that people who believe in idols are very stupid! (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **frauds** - AT: "lies in order to cheat" +"is lacking knowledge" or "does not know" + +# Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Every metalworker's idols put him to shame" or "As for every metalworker, his idols shame him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will perish at the time of their punishment + +This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. AT: "there will be a time when God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the portion of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents the people of Israel. God being their "portion" is an idiom that means that they worship him. AT: "the portion of Israel" or "whom the people of Israel worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the molder of all things + +"the creator of all things" or "the one who created all things" + +# Israel is the tribe of his inheritance + +This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. AT: "The tribe of Israel belongs to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/20.md b/jer/51/20.md index 3401dc3808..0cf6214c1f 100644 --- a/jer/51/20.md +++ b/jer/51/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You are -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +"You, the Babylonian army, are" -## translationNotes +# With you I will smash -* **You** - AT: "The Babylonian army" +Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. AT: "With you I will punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# With you I will + +"I will use you to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/22.md b/jer/51/22.md index 545753721e..ea1607172a 100644 --- a/jer/51/22.md +++ b/jer/51/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# With you I will smash -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:plow]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](./20.md). AT: "With you I will punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# With you I will -* **You** - AT: "The Babylonian Army." +"I will use you to." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/24.md b/jer/51/24.md index ce543a7a80..f13432faea 100644 --- a/jer/51/24.md +++ b/jer/51/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in your sight I will pay -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The abstract noun "sight" can be expressed with the verb "see." AT: "you will see it when I pay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* **in your sight** - AT: "You Babylonians will certainly see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh’s declaration** - AT: "what Yahweh has solemnly said” +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/25.md b/jer/51/25.md index 2c54bc46af..3420cc27ce 100644 --- a/jer/51/25.md +++ b/jer/51/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +Yahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem, who could hear him, as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who could not hear him. He speaks to the city of Babylon as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon itself. He speaks of the city as if it were a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you, mountain of destruction -* **mountain** - Yahweh talks to Babylon as if it were a mountain which he could address as a person. Since mountains were sometimes the homes of bandits, it is possible that Jeremiah had this idea in mind here. See UDB. AT: "strong nation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **other** - This refers to all the people Babylon has attacked. -* **cliff** - This is the edge of a mountain. +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking of Babylon as if it were a mountain that destroys people and property. AT: "you, mountain that destroys" or 2) Babylon was like a mountain where bandits would live and hide and go out to raid. AT: "you, people of a strong nation that destroys other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will stretch out my hand against you + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. See how "I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand" is translated in [Jeremiah 6:12](../06/11.md). AT: "I will use my strength to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will ... roll you down from the cliffs + +Yahweh stops speaking of Babylon as a mountain and speaks of it as a building that he is breaking down and throwing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cliffs + +A cliff is the steep side of a mountain or hill. + +# I will ... make you a burned-out mountain + +Yahweh speaks of Babylon as no longer being the great "mountain of destruction" but now a mountain that he has destroyed. AT: "I will ... make you a pile of useless rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will become an everlasting devastation + +The abstract noun "devastation" can be translated as a verb "devastate." AT: "I will devastate you and no one will ever rebuild you" or "I will turn you into an empty place where no one will ever live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/27.md b/jer/51/27.md index 29182b1241..5fb820b441 100644 --- a/jer/51/27.md +++ b/jer/51/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Lift up a banner ... Blow the trumpet ... Call ... to attack -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:ararat]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:locust]] -* [[en:tw:mede]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Lifting a banner and blowing a trumpet are both ways of calling people to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# banner -* **banner** - Large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle. AT: "flag" -* **her** - AT: "Babylon" -* **Minni, Ashkenaz** - These are names of nations or people groups. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **bring up horses like swarming locusts** - Yahweh compares a great number of horses to a swarm of locusts. AT: "bring many horses with soldiers quickly." (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"flag." This is large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle. + +# attack her + +The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon, and it is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "attack the people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Ararat ... Minni ... Ashkenaz + +These are names of nations or people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# bring up horses like swarming locusts + +Yahweh compares a great number of horses to a swarm of locusts. AT: "bring many horses with soldiers quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# governors ... officials + +See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 51:23](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/29.md b/jer/51/29.md index 9be534f290..7fc3a790d5 100644 --- a/jer/51/29.md +++ b/jer/51/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the land will shake and be in anguish -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The land is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Shaking and being in anguish are metonyms for being very afraid. AT: "the people who live in Babylon will shake with fear and be in anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# anguish -* **the land will shake** - Yahweh promises such great upheaval that the whole nation will tremble. The "land" represents the people of Babylon living there. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **be in anguish** - Babylon will be in great distress. +"much mental pain" + +# against Babylon + +The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon. AT: "against the people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there is no inhabitant + +"no one lives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/30.md b/jer/51/30.md index 0bf0efb9ac..b0ae174355 100644 --- a/jer/51/30.md +++ b/jer/51/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:reed]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] +Yahweh speaks of what will happen as if it had already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# her homes are on fire, the bars of her gates are broken -* **his city has been taken** - "The enemies overcame the whole city." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the fords over the river are seized** - The enemies take control of all the crossing places of the river. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ford** - A shallow part of a river where people can walk across easily. -* **confused** - AT: "Unable to think clearly" +The city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "the homes in the city are on fire, the bars of the city gates are broken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his city has been taken + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the enemies have overcome the whole city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fords over the river are seized + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the enemies have taken control of all the fords over the river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fords + +shallow parts of a river where people can walk across + +# marshes + +places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud + +# confused + +"unable to think clearly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/33.md b/jer/51/33.md index 2951cd9e6a..11ab58f13c 100644 --- a/jer/51/33.md +++ b/jer/51/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## translationNotes +# The daughter of Babylon -* **The daughter of Babylon** - "Daughter of Babylon" is another name for the residents of Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **is like a threshing floor** - Yahweh compares threshing to the time of great pressure upon Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **time of harvest will come to her** - The harvest is the result of the actions that the people did before. The result of Babylon's sins will come. AT: "Babylon will be punished." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Daughter of Babylon" is another name for the people who live in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is like a threshing floor + +People thresh grain by trampling it on a threshing floor, and Yahweh speaks of people punishing the daughter of Babylon as if they were threshing grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# It is time to trample her down + +Yahweh punishing the daughter of Babylon is spoken of as if he were trampling and threshing grain on a threshing floor. AT: "It is time to punish her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the time of harvest will come to her + +The harvest is a metaphor for the result of the actions that the people did before. Babylon will experience the result of its people's sins. AT: "God will punish her for her sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/34.md b/jer/51/34.md index fe22dfc8f1..a923d83422 100644 --- a/jer/51/34.md +++ b/jer/51/34.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The speaker speaks as if he were a woman. The woman is a metaphor for the city of Jerusalem, which in turn is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# he has driven me into confusion -* **He has drained me dry and has made me into an empty pot** - Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He has swallowed me** - Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like a dragon** - This compares Babylon to a dragon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He filled his stomach with my good food.** - This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. "Food" represents all the good things there before. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He has rinsed me out.** - What Babylon did not like after taking everything he threw away like rinsing out old food out of a cooking pot. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **inhabitants of Chaldea** - AT: "People who live in Chaldea." +Possible meanings are 1) "he has caused me to be unable to think clearly" or 2) "he has crushed me." + +# has made me an empty pot + +Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Like a monster + +Here Babylon is compared to a monster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he has swallowed me + +Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has filled his stomach with my delicious foods + +This continues to speak of Babylon as if it were a monster. This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. Here "foods" represents all the good things that were there before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has spit me out + +Nebuchadnezzar took what he wanted and spit out what he did not want. AT: "he has vomited me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The one who lives in Zion + +"She who lives in Zion" + +# The one ... to me and my flesh ... my blood + +All of these phrases refer to a woman. + +# inhabitants of Chaldea + +"people who live in Chaldea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/36.md b/jer/51/36.md index 6321c5e9cd..c7a23fec04 100644 --- a/jer/51/36.md +++ b/jer/51/36.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|rubble]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This begins Yahweh's reply to Jerusalem's request in verses 34 and 35. -## translationNotes +# I am about to plead your case and bring about vengeance -* This begins Yahweh's reply to Jerusalem's request in verses 34 and 35. -* **heaps of rubble** - This refers to the buildings becoming piles of trash. -* **den of jackals** - AT: "a home for wild dogs" -* **a horror** - Something that terrifies anybody looking at it. AT: "a terrible place to live" -* **hissing** - This is a sound that shows strong disapproval. +Yahweh defending his people is spoken of as if he were a lawyer pleading their case in court. AT: "I will be like your lawyer to defend you and I will bring about vengeance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heaps of rubble + +buildings that have become piles of rock + +# den of jackals + +home for wild dogs + +# a horror + +something that terrifies everyone who looks at it + +# hissing + +a sound people make to show that they dislike something very much + +# there are no inhabitants + +"no one lives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/38.md b/jer/51/38.md index 87ab789a6c..45f002e403 100644 --- a/jer/51/38.md +++ b/jer/51/38.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# roar -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +loud sound made by a lion -## translationNotes +# growl -* **roar** - This is a loud sound made by a lion. -* **growl** - This is a deep threatening sound that animals make. -* **Yahweh's declaration** - AT: "what Yahweh has solemnly said” +a sound animals make to frighten other animals + +# become happy + +As a soldier is happy when he defeats a strong enemy. Another possible meaning is "are very drunk" . + +# sleep an unending sleep and not wake up + +They will be dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# like lambs ... male goats + +Lambs and goats do not know before it happens that people are going to slaughter them, and the Babylonians will not know before it happens that Yahweh is going to destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/41.md b/jer/51/41.md index da61d10ba8..c31667b5bb 100644 --- a/jer/51/41.md +++ b/jer/51/41.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# How Babylon has been captured ... How Babylon has become a ruined place -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] +The word "how" here shows that something that people thought was impossible has happened. This can be stated in active form. AT: "We never thought that enemies could capture Babylon, but they have captured her ... We never thought that Babylon could become a ruined place, but it has become a ruined place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the praise of all the earth is seized -* **the praise of all the earth** - Praise represents the honor other nations gave Babylon previously. These words are mocking Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **is seized** - The nations have captured Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The sea...roaring waves** - Babylon has been overcome by its enemies. "Waves" represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words "sea" and "water" often represent the nations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "praise" is a metonym for the thing that people praised, and the word "earth" is a metonym for the people living on the earth. This can be translated in active form. AT: "enemies have seized Babylon, the nation that everyone on earth praised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The sea ... roaring waves + +Babylon's enemies have overcome her. "Waves" represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words "sea" and "water" often represent the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She is covered with its roaring waves + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Its roaring waves have covered her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/43.md b/jer/51/43.md index 054641c27b..f1338f183b 100644 --- a/jer/51/43.md +++ b/jer/51/43.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Her cities -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:desolate|desolate, desolation]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +"Babylon's cities" -## translationNotes +# I will punish Bel -* **Her cities** - AT: "Babylon's cities" -* **I will punish Bel** - Bel was the main god of the Babylonians and represents the whole country and the people that worshiped it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **out from his mouth what he swallowed** - Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offering to Bel to things he ate. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the nations will no longer flow** - Yahweh compares the many nations coming to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel to river that moves along. +Bel was the main god of the Babylonians and represents the whole country and the people that worshiped it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# out from his mouth what he swallowed + +Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offerings to Bel to things he ate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the nations will no longer flow + +The many nations that come to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel is spoken of as a river that moves along. AT: "the people of other nations will no longer come in large groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/45.md b/jer/51/45.md index 87a0087727..58773a6dd2 100644 --- a/jer/51/45.md +++ b/jer/51/45.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the news that is heard in the land -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when you hear the news that is in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Ruler will be against ruler -* **news that is heard** - The news that the people listen to. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Ruler will be against ruler.** - The rulers represent the nations under their control. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The ruler is a metonym for the nations under his control. AT: "Nations will fight against other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/47.md b/jer/51/47.md index 2c26241b75..66c35984e8 100644 --- a/jer/51/47.md +++ b/jer/51/47.md @@ -1,28 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# see -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon]] -* [[en:tw:destroyer]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heavens]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|carved idols]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughtered]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"pay attention" -## translationNotes +# days are coming ... when I will punish -* **see** - AT: "pay attention" -* **All of her land** - AT: "All of Babylon's people" (See: [[en/ta/vol2/translate/figs_metonymy]]) -* **the heavens and the earth** - Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Yahweh's declaration** - AT: "what Yahweh has solemnly said" -* **the killed** - AT: "the killed people" (See: [[en/ta/vol2/translate/figs_metonymy]]) +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will punish" or "there will be a time ... when I will punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will punish the carved idols of Babylon + +Removing the idols of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. AT: "I will remove the carved idols of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Babylon ... her land ... her slaughtered ones ... her midst ... over Babylon ... come for her ... Babylon has made ... her land + +The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "the people of Babylon ... their land ... their slaughtered ones ... their midst ... over the Babylonians ... come for them ... the Babylonians have made ... their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the heavens and the earth + +Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the killed of all her land + +"those whom the Babylonians' enemies have killed in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/50.md b/jer/51/50.md index c25d5b52e3..e1139975fc 100644 --- a/jer/51/50.md +++ b/jer/51/50.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|faces]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigners]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace|holy places]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Jeremiah speaks to the Israelite people in verse 50. -## translationNotes +# Survivors of the sword -* Jeremiah speaks to the Israelite people in verse 50. -* **insults** - AT: "hurtful, negative words" +The sword is a metonym for war, in which soldiers use swords. AT: "You who have survived the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Call Yahweh to mind from far away; let Jerusalem come to mind + +The phrases "Call ... to mind" and "come to mind" are idioms that mean to think about or remember. AT: "Though you are far away, think about Yahweh; think about Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# insults + +words that one person uses to offend another + +# reproach has covered our faces + +The speakers' reaction to people expressing disapproval of them is spoken of as if it were a cover placed over the speakers' faces. AT: "our faces show that we are hurt because others disapprove of us" or "we cover our faces in shame because others disapprove of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/52.md b/jer/51/52.md index da40729364..4747eaffd9 100644 --- a/jer/51/52.md +++ b/jer/51/52.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# see -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declaration]] -* [[en:tw:destroyer]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|carved idols]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|fortified]] +"pay attention" or "listen carefully" -## translationNotes +# days are coming ... when I will punish -* **groan** - to cry out because of pain or sadness -* **For even...to her** - "her" refers to Babylon. This is a way of saying that it is impossible for Babylon to escape Yahweh's judgment. +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will punish" or "there will be a time ... when I will punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will punish her carved idols + +Removing or destroying idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. AT: "I will destroy her carved idols" or "I will remove her carved idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her carved idols ... her land ... Babylon ... her highest fortresses ... to her + +The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "their carved idols ... their land ... the Babylonians ... their highest fortresses ... to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# groan + +to cry out because of pain or sadness + +# if Babylon went up ... or fortified ... destroyers would come from me + +This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh does not expect to happen. AT: "Babylon will not go up ... or fortify ... destroyers will surely come from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/54.md b/jer/51/54.md index 0b7b2e9107..93d58f660e 100644 --- a/jer/51/54.md +++ b/jer/51/54.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A shout of distress came from Babylon, a great collapse from the land of the Chaldeans -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# destroying Babylon ... her loud voice -* **A shout of distress came from Babylon, a great collapse from the land of the Chaldeans** - The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **enemies roar like the waves of many waters** - The sound of the enemies coming will be very loud. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **her warriors have been captured** - This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. AT: "they captured her warriors." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "destroying the people of Babylon ... their loud voices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their enemies ... their noise + +"The enemies of the people of Babylon ... the noise of the enemies" + +# enemies roar like the waves of many waters + +The waves of the ocean and of flooding rivers make a loud sound, and the enemies will make a very loud sound as they come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# against her—against Babylon!—and her warriors + +The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "against the people of Babylon—yes, against Babylon!—and their warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her warriors have been captured + +This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. AT: "her enemies have captured her warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/57.md b/jer/51/57.md index ced07d76b0..6ef15b6cf6 100644 --- a/jer/51/57.md +++ b/jer/51/57.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# her princes, her sages, her officials, and her soldiers ... her high gates ... her aid ... for her -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "their princes, their sages, their officials, and their soldiers ... their high gates ... their aid ... for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they will sleep in an unending sleep and never wake up -* **her, they** - These refer to Babylon. +They will be dead. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:39](./38.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# The thick walls of Babylon will be completely demolished + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The invaders willl completely demolish the thick walls of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# her high gates will be burned + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they will burn her high gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everything ... will be burned up + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they will burn up everything that the nations try to do for her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/59.md b/jer/51/59.md index d8bbbc0cb1..4813c9419a 100644 --- a/jer/51/59.md +++ b/jer/51/59.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Seraiah ... Neriah ... Mahseiah -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# in the fourth year of his reign -* **Seraiah, Neriah, Machseiah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"after he had been king for three years." This "fourth" is the ordinal number for four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# that were written about Babylon + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that he had written about Babylon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/61.md b/jer/51/61.md index a9a2db2bb4..73f8cd42f0 100644 --- a/jer/51/61.md +++ b/jer/51/61.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# animal -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **She** - This refers to Babylon. -* **She will have no inhabitant, either of people or animals** - These animals are those that are normally with people, because Jeremiah 51:37 stated that Babylon will be inhabited by Jackals or wild animals. +If your language has a word for animals that normally live with people, you might want to use it here, because [Jeremiah 51:37](./36.md) states that Babylon will be inhabited by wild animals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/63.md b/jer/51/63.md index 7d5b5b4144..3043e83ac6 100644 --- a/jer/51/63.md +++ b/jer/51/63.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Babylon will sink like this -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +The stone and scroll will disappear in the water, the water will destroy the scroll, and Babylon will no longer look like a city or have buildings for people to live in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# will not arise -* **Babylon will sink like this** - AT: "Babylon will disappear as this stone disappeared." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **She, her, they** - These words refer to Babylon. +"will never again be a city" + +# they will fall + +This means the Babylonians will fall because they are exhausted. Many translations do not include these words. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/intro.md b/jer/51/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a13d4031bb --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/51/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 51 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 51:1-64, which is an extended quotation. + +The prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Babylon destroyed ##### + +Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +##### Covenant with Abraham ##### +Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 51:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../50/intro.md) | [>>](../52/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/01.md b/jer/52/01.md index 6ec3226698..21c61caa1d 100644 --- a/jer/52/01.md +++ b/jer/52/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jehoiakim]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +Because of the words "Jeremiah's words end here" in [Jeremiah 51:64](../51/63.md) and because the words here appear in other books of the Bible, many scholars believe that this chapter was written by someone other than Jeremiah and attached to the scroll that Jeremiah and Baruch wrote. -## translationNotes +# Hamutal -* **Hamutal** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Libnah** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jeremiah** - The Jeremiah in this verse is not the same man as the prophet Jeremiah who wrote this book. -* **He** - This refers to Zedekiah. +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Libnah + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeremiah + +This refers to another man named Jeremiah, not the prophet Jeremiah who wrote this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/04.md b/jer/52/04.md index 0b082d99a9..95144a7f78 100644 --- a/jer/52/04.md +++ b/jer/52/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# in the ninth year of the reign of King Zedekiah, in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month -* **It happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. -* **in the ninth year** - "in year nine..." (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) -* **in the tenth month** - "in month ten of that year" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth) -* **They camped opposite it** - AT: "Nebuchadnezzar's army camped opposite Jerusalem" -* **until the eleventh year** - "until year eleven" - (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) +after Zedekiah had been king for eight years, in the tenth calendar month, on the tenth day of the month (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the ninth year + +"in year nine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month + +This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# They camped opposite it + +"Nebuchadnezzar's army camped opposite Jerusalem" + +# until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah's reign + +until Zedekiah had been king for more than ten years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# eleventh year + +"year eleven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# it. So the city was besieged + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "it, and they besieged the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/06.md b/jer/52/06.md index 705b823138..6539be0083 100644 --- a/jer/52/06.md +++ b/jer/52/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# By the ninth day of the fourth month -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] +This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The ninth day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Zedekiah had been king for ten years, three months, and eight days. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# city -* **in the fourth month** - "in month four of that year" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth) -* **in the ninth of that year** - "in day nine of that year" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday) -* **city** - This refers to Jerusalem. -* **was broken into** - The Babylonians broke through the wall around the city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **between the two walls** - This refers to the wall of the King's garden and the wall of the city. -* **plain** - AT: "flat land" +This refers to Jerusalem. + +# the city was broken into + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Babylonians broke through the wall around the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the two walls + +the wall of the king's garden and the wall of the city + +# plains + +"flat land" + +# All his army was scattered + +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "the Chaldeans scattered his entire army" or 2) "all of his soldiers ran away in different directions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/09.md b/jer/52/09.md index fceaf726f4..cc1244bf8d 100644 --- a/jer/52/09.md +++ b/jer/52/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# at Riblah in the land of Hamath -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# passed sentence on him -* **Riblah** - This is a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **before his own eyes** - AT: "before him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"decided how to punish him" + +# slaughtered Zedekiah's sons before his own eyes + +The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah's sons. AT: "forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah's sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he put out Zedekiah's eyes + +"the king's men made Zedekiah blind." Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah's eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind. + +# the day of his death + +the day of Zedekiah's death \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/12.md b/jer/52/12.md index 184f1ae8ea..3bef3d61c0 100644 --- a/jer/52/12.md +++ b/jer/52/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Nebuchadnezzar had been king for eighteen years, four months, and nine days. This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the nineteenth year -* **in the fifth year** - "During year five" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) -* **on the tenth day** - "on day ten" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday) -* **the nineteenth year** - "during year nineteen" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) -* **Nebuzaradan** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **bodyguards** - This refers to people whose job is to protect someone. +"during year nineteen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Nebuzaradan + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# bodyguards + +people whose job is to protect someone \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/15.md b/jer/52/15.md index 1525fc25c4..bc25f7fd70 100644 --- a/jer/52/15.md +++ b/jer/52/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# craftsmen -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This refers to people who make beautiful objects used in the worship of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Nebuzaradan -* **craftsmen** - This refers to people who makes beautiful objects used in the worship of Yahweh. -* **Nebuzaradan** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the poorest of the land** - AT: "the poorest people of the land" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the poorest of the land + +"the poorest people who lived on the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/17.md b/jer/52/17.md index d9a98b4654..86fcf37a20 100644 --- a/jer/52/17.md +++ b/jer/52/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The Sea -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] - -## translationNotes - -* **sea** - This is a basin of water used in the worship of Yahweh. +This is a basin of water used in the worship of Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/20.md b/jer/52/20.md index 3d11f9709b..bba074463c 100644 --- a/jer/52/20.md +++ b/jer/52/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# eighteen cubits ... twelve cubits -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. AT: "18 cubits ... 12 cubits" or "about 8.3 meters ... about 5.5 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# hollow -* **cubit** - This is a measurement. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **hollow** - This means that the pillars had empty space inside them. +The pillars had empty space inside them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/22.md b/jer/52/22.md index fd24144553..ae2ee652c4 100644 --- a/jer/52/22.md +++ b/jer/52/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# capital -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] +This is the top part of each pillar. -## translationNotes +# five cubits -* **capital** - This is the top part of each pillar. +A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. AT: "5 cubits" or "about 2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/24.md b/jer/52/24.md index fc7cfc7166..5acd048cb2 100644 --- a/jer/52/24.md +++ b/jer/52/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Seraiah -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:zephaniah]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:26](../36/25.md). -## translationNotes +# gatekeepers -* **Seraiah** - See how you translated this man's name in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:36:25]]. -* **gatekeeper** - This means a person who guards the gate of a city. -* **drafting** - AT: "conscripting" meaning to bring into service. +people who guard the gate of a city + +# drafting men into the army + +"forcing men to fight in the army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/26.md b/jer/52/26.md index 8269967622..ba1da70ca1 100644 --- a/jer/52/26.md +++ b/jer/52/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Nebuzaradan -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Riblah -* **Nebuzaradan** - See how you translated this name of a man in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:39:08]]. -* **Riblah** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/28.md b/jer/52/28.md index a47335e6cb..02b176a865 100644 --- a/jer/52/28.md +++ b/jer/52/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# seventh ... eighteenth ... twenty-third -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Nebuzaradan -* **in the seventh year** - "in year seven" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) -* **in the eighteenth year** - "in year eighteen" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) -* **in the twenty-third year** - third year** - "in year twenty-three" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) -* **Nebuzaradan** - See how you translated this name of a man in [[:en:bible:notes:jer:39:08]]. -* **3,023; 832; 745; 4,600** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/08.md). + +# 3,023 ... 832 ... 745 ... 4,600 + +"three thousand and twenty-three ... eight hundred and thirty-two ... seven hundred and forty-five ... four thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/31.md b/jer/52/31.md index 5816d735d3..c5ecec30c8 100644 --- a/jer/52/31.md +++ b/jer/52/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin -* [[en:tw:jehoiachin]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +after Jehoiachin had been an exile for more than 36 years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# in the twelfth month, on the twenty-fifth day of the month -* **in the thirty-seventh year** - seventh year** - (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) -* **in the twelfth month** - (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth) -* **on the twenty-fifth day** - fifth day** - (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday) -* **It happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. -* **Evil Merodach** - He became the king of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fifth day is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# It happened + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. + +# Awel-Marduk + +He became the king of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/32.md b/jer/52/32.md index ad53e5aba1..7dad003988 100644 --- a/jer/52/32.md +++ b/jer/52/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He spoke kindly to him -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +"Awel-Marduk spoke kindly to Jehoiachin" -## translationNotes +# a seat more honorable -* **He spoke kindly to him** - AT: "Evil Merodach spoke kindly to Jehoiachin" -* **a seat more honorable** - AT: "a seat at the table that was closer to where Evil Merodach sat." +"a seat at the table that was closer to where Awel-Marduk sat" + +# removed Jehoiachin's prison clothes + +The reader should understand that removing his prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/intro.md b/jer/52/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1c1fea8bc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/52/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Jeremiah 52 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The chapter returns to a previous sequence of events and records Babylon's conquering of Judah. It also records the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 52:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../51/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/front/intro.md b/jer/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc471f3067 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# Introduction to Jeremiah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +===Outline of the Book of Jeremiah=== + +1. Yahweh calls Jeremiah to be a prophet + - The situation in which Jeremiah will work (1:1–13) + - Yahweh promises to protect him (1:17–19) +1. The message that Jeremiah is to proclaim + - Spiritual adultery (2:1–6:30) + - Yahweh rejects his people (6:1–30) + - Idolatry and rejecting the law of God (7:1–10:16) + - Jeremiah stands between Yahweh and his people (11:1–20:19) + - Jeremiah's confrontations with his people (21:1–29:32) +1. Yahweh promises to restore Judah + - Yahweh will bring the people of Judah back to their land (30:1–24) + - Yahweh will create a new covenant with them (31:1–40) + - The people will come back (32:1–44) + - Kings descended from David will rule again (33:1–26) +1. The suffering of Jeremiah + - Before Yahweh punishes Judah (34:1–36:32) + - While Yahweh punishes Judah (37:1–39:18) + - After Yahweh punishes Judah (40:1–45:5) +1. Jeremiah's messages to the Gentiles + - Egypt (46:1–28) + - Philistia (47:1–28) + - Moab (48:1–47) + - Ammon (49:1–6) + - Edom (49:1–22) + - Damascus (49:23–27) + - Kedar (49:28–33) + - Elam (49:34–39) + - Babylonia (50:1–51:64) +1. The capture and destruction of Jerusalem (52:1–34) + +#### What is the Book of Jeremiah about? #### + +Jeremiah's account begins about 626 BC. After the death of King Josiah, many groups of people in Israel opposed Jeremiah. Some of these wanted to depend on Egypt to protect the nation. Others were idol worshipers, who hated Jeremiah for denouncing their gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +During the reign of King Jehoiakim, Jeremiah proclaimed his prophecies about the temple of Yahweh. King Jehoiakim received some of these prophecies in writing and burned the document. The next king, Zedekiah, imprisoned Jeremiah when he called for the king to surrender to Babylon. + +When Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylonia, began conquering the region (he invaded Judah in 597 BC and finally captured Jerusalem in 587 BC), he offered Jeremiah housing and money if he would go to Babylon. However, Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem to help the few Jews who were left there. + +Shortly after that, Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had chosen to be governor over Judah, was murdered. Some Jewish rebels captured Jeremiah and took him to Egypt. Those rebels went to Egypt for protection rather than to live under Nebuchadnezzar's rule. Jeremiah may have died soon after being taken to Egypt, but not before he prophesied that the Babylonians would invade and conquer Egypt. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"The Book of Jeremiah" may also be called the "The Book about Jeremiah" or "What the Prophet Jeremiah said." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah? #### + +This book contains prophecies spoken by Jeremiah, who was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. According to the witness of the book itself, some of its prophecies had been written down earlier and put into the hands of King Jehoiakim, who burned the document. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the New Covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah? #### + +Jeremiah 31 introduced a "new covenant" between Yahweh and Israel. This covenant would be "written" on the hearts of the people, that is, God would create a heartfelt attachment between the people and their God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]]) + +#### What relationship do Jeremiah's prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel? #### + +While much of the Old Testament prior to this time is concerned only with the nation of Israel, Jeremiah began to focus on God's judgment on the other nations of the world. Judgment must also come upon these other nations because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Is the Book of Jeremiah arranged in chronological order? #### + +No, Jeremiah has many instances where it is clearly out of chronological order. Instead, the various prophecies appear to be topically arranged. + +#### Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as "he" or "him"? #### + +There are many instances in the book where the author refers to Jeremiah as "Jeremiah" or "he." This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah's secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. Translators should keep the words "Jeremiah" and "he" and not try to smooth over this issue. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/01.md b/jhn/01/01.md index 44e3c531bd..a62d049d08 100644 --- a/jhn/01/01.md +++ b/jhn/01/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In the beginning -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This refers to the very earliest time before God created the heavens and the earth. -## translationNotes +# the Word -* **In the beginning** - This refers to the very earliest time before God created the heavens and the earth. -* **the Word** - This refers to Jesus. Translate as "the Word" if possible. If the "Word" is feminine in your language it could be translated as "the one who is called the Word." -* **All things were made through him** - This could be translated with an active verb: "God made all things through him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **without him there was not one thing made that has been made** - "God did not make anything without him" or "God made everything with him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to Jesus. Translate as "the Word" if possible. If "Word" is feminine in your language, it could be translated as "the one who is called the Word." + +# All things were made through him + +This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God made all things through him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# without him there was not one thing made that has been made + +This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God did not make anything without him" or "God made everything with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/04.md b/jhn/01/04.md index 5a8739ef5b..db6ef8832e 100644 --- a/jhn/01/04.md +++ b/jhn/01/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In him was life -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +Here "life" is a metaphor for causing everything to live. AT: "The one who is called the Word is the one who caused everything to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# life -* **In him was life** - "This one who is called the Word - he is the one who caused everything to live." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that life was the light of all mankind** - AT: "he revealed to us the truth about God as a light reveals what is in the darkness" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The light shines in the darkness and the darkness did not extinguish it** - "People do not want him to reveal that what they do is evil, just like darkness is evil, but just like darkness cannot put out light, evil people have never prevented the one who is like a light from revealing God's truth." +Here use a general term for "life." If you must be more specific, translate as "spiritual life." + +# that life was the light of all men + +"Light" is a metaphor that means God's revelation. AT: "he revealed to us the truth about God as a light reveals what is in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it + +Just as darkness cannot put out light, evil people have never prevented the one who is like a light from revealing God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/06.md b/jhn/01/06.md index fcc3db9d79..23640d8bce 100644 --- a/jhn/01/06.md +++ b/jhn/01/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:word]] - -## translationNotes +# testify about the light +Here "light" is a metaphor for the revelation of God in Jesus. AT: "show how Jesus is like the true light of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/09.md b/jhn/01/09.md index 45fa03e8c6..ce82c835b2 100644 --- a/jhn/01/09.md +++ b/jhn/01/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The true light -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:world]] - -## translationNotes - -* **illumines ** - "gives light to" +Here "light" is a metaphor that represents Jesus as the true revelation of God. AT: "like a true light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/10.md b/jhn/01/10.md index c4f93ad891..601504007f 100644 --- a/jhn/01/10.md +++ b/jhn/01/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world did not know him -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"Even though he was in this world, and God created everything through him, people still did not recognize him" -## translationNotes +# the world did not know him -* **He was in the world and the world was made through him and the world did not know him** - "But even though he was in this world and God created all that is here through him, people still did not recognize him." -* **He came to what was his own things, and his own people did not receive him** - "He came to his own fellow-countrymen, and his own fellow-countrymen did not accept him either." +The "world" is a metonym that stands for all the people who live in the world. AT: "the people did not know who he really was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He came to his own, and his own did not receive him + +"He came to his own fellow countrymen, and his own fellow countrymen did not accept him either" + +# receive + +This means to accept a person. When one receives a guest, they welcome them and treat them with honor in hopes of building a relationship with them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/12.md b/jhn/01/12.md index 73c10e16a1..d763c6776f 100644 --- a/jhn/01/12.md +++ b/jhn/01/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# believed in his name -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +This means to trust Jesus as Savior and live in a way that honors him. -## translationNotes +# his name -* **he gave the right** - "he gave them the authority" or "he made it possible for them" +The word "name" is a metonym that stands for Jesus' identity and everything about him. AT: "Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he gave the right + +"he gave them the authority" or "he made it possible for them" + +# children of God + +The word "children" is a metaphor that represents our relationship to God, which is like children to a father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/14.md b/jhn/01/14.md index 3a26c9ae70..efb18f286e 100644 --- a/jhn/01/14.md +++ b/jhn/01/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Word -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is a metaphor which refers to Jesus. He is the one who reveals what God is like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# became flesh -* **full of grace** - "always acts kindly toward us in ways we do not deserve" -* **The one who comes after me** - John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase "comes after me" means that John's ministry has already started and Jesus' will start after him. -* **ranks before me** - "is greater than I am" or "is more important than I am" -* **for he was before me** - Be careful not to translate this in a way that suggests Jesus is more important just because he is older than John. Jesus is greater and more important than John because he is God the son who has always been alive and rules over everything along with God the Father. +Here "flesh" represents human. AT: "became human" or "became a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# full of grace + +"full of kind acts towards us which we do not deserve" + +# He who comes after me + +John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase "comes after me" means that John's ministry has already started and Jesus' ministry will start later, after John's. + +# is more than me + +"is greater than I am" or "is more important than I am" + +# for he was before me + +Be careful not to translate this in a way that suggests that Jesus is more important just because he is older than John in human years. Jesus is greater and more important than John because he is God the Son, who has always been alive. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/16.md b/jhn/01/16.md index 4913438424..a4732c2482 100644 --- a/jhn/01/16.md +++ b/jhn/01/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# fullness -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This word refers to God's grace that has no end. -## translationNotes +# grace after grace -* **fullness** - This word refers to God's grace that has no end. -* **free gift after free gift** - "blessing after blessing" -* **The one and only person, himself God ** - This can mean 1) "the one and only God" or 2) "the one and only Son." -* **who is in the bosom of the Father** - "who is constantly with the Father," implying a close relationship (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"blessing after blessing" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/19.md b/jhn/01/19.md index 333b3527de..dc1da20961 100644 --- a/jhn/01/19.md +++ b/jhn/01/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the Jews sent ... to him from Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +The word "Jews" here represents the "Jewish leaders." AT: "the Jewish leaders sent ... to him from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# He freely stated, and did not deny -* **He freely stated, and did not deny** - The second phrase says in negative terms the same thing that the first phrase says in positive terms. This emphasizes that John was telling the truth. AT: "He told them the truth freely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **What are you then?** - "What then is the case, if you are not the Messiah?" or "What then is going on?" or "What then are you doing?" +The second phrase says in negative terms the same thing that the first phrase says in positive terms. This emphasizes that John was telling the truth. AT: "He told them the truth freely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# What are you then? + +"What then is the case, if you are not the Messiah?" or "What then is going on?" or "What then are you doing?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/22.md b/jhn/01/22.md index 900331f868..aa423dcc09 100644 --- a/jhn/01/22.md +++ b/jhn/01/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +John continues to speak with the priests and Levites. -## translationNotes +# they said to him -* **they said to him** - "the priests and Levites said to John" (see [[:en:bible:notes:jhn:01:19]]) -* **us...we** - the priests and Levites, not John (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **He said** - "John said" -* **I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness ** - "I am like someone speaking loudly where no one can hear me" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Make the way of the Lord straight ** - "Prepare yourselves for the Lord's arrival like people prepare the road for an important person to use" +"the priests and Levites said to John" + +# we ... us + +the priests and Levites, not John (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# He said + +"John said" + +# I am a voice, crying in the wilderness + +John is saying that Isaiah's prophecy is about himself. The word "voice" here refers to the person who is crying out in the wilderness. AT: "I am the one calling out in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Make the way of the Lord straight + +Here the word "way" is used as a metaphor. AT: "Prepare yourselves for the Lord's arrival like people prepare the road for an important person to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/24.md b/jhn/01/24.md index 4090d0fe46..f39fc1c255 100644 --- a/jhn/01/24.md +++ b/jhn/01/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] - -## translationNotes +# Now some from the Pharisees +This is background information about the people who questioned John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/26.md b/jhn/01/26.md index 1e2a9d38fd..0edcaf6dc5 100644 --- a/jhn/01/26.md +++ b/jhn/01/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Verse 28 tells us background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# the one who comes after me -* **This is the one who is coming after me.** - "He will preach to you after I am gone." -* **I am not worthy to untie the strap of his sandal ** - John is saying that he does not deserve to do the most unpleasant work of a servant. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"he will preach to you after I am gone" + +# the strap of whose sandal I am not worthy to untie + +The task of "untying his sandals," which is the work of a slave or servant, is a metaphor. John is saying that he does not deserve to do even the most unpleasant work of a servant for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/29.md b/jhn/01/29.md index 1b38261f10..5e04413944 100644 --- a/jhn/01/29.md +++ b/jhn/01/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Lamb of God -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This is a metaphor that represents God's perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" because he was sacrificed to pay for people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# world -* **who comes after me ranks before me, for he was before me** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:jhn:01:14]]. +The word "world" is a metonym and refers to all the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The one who comes after me is more than me, for he was before me + +See how you translated this in [John 1:15](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/32.md b/jhn/01/32.md index 0dbac2119b..519707be33 100644 --- a/jhn/01/32.md +++ b/jhn/01/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# descending -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +"coming down" -## translationNotes +# like a dove -* **descending** - "coming down" -* **Son of God** - Some copies of this text say "Son of God"; others say "chosen one of God." +This phrase is a simile. The "Spirit" comes down just like a dove lands on a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# heaven + +The word "heaven" refers to the "sky." + +# the Son of God + +Some copies of this text say "Son of God"; others say "chosen one of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/35.md b/jhn/01/35.md index 7049c0f41e..f67448da9a 100644 --- a/jhn/01/35.md +++ b/jhn/01/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Again, the next day -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] +This is another day. It is the second day that John saw Jesus. -## translationNotes +# Lamb of God +This is a metaphor that represents God's perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" because he was sacrificed to pay for people's sins. See how you translated this same phrase in [John 1:29](./29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/37.md b/jhn/01/37.md index ef14fcd06b..86038ce5ed 100644 --- a/jhn/01/37.md +++ b/jhn/01/37.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# tenth hour -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] - -## translationNotes - -* **tenth hour ** - This phrase indicates a time in the afternoon, before dark, that would be too late for them to travel to another town. +"hour 10." This phrase indicates a time in the afternoon, before dark, that would be too late to travel to another town, possibly around 4 p.m. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/40.md b/jhn/01/40.md index 91b5b56c44..d9d69f055d 100644 --- a/jhn/01/40.md +++ b/jhn/01/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:andrew]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +These verses give us information about Andrew and how he brought his brother Peter to Jesus. This happened before they went and saw where Jesus was staying in [John 1:39](./37.md). -## translationNotes +# son of John -* **John** - This is not John the Baptist; John was a common name. +This is not John the Baptist. "John" was a very common name. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/43.md b/jhn/01/43.md index c1ef36c200..d7766a321a 100644 --- a/jhn/01/43.md +++ b/jhn/01/43.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:philiptheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] - -## translationNotes +# Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter +This is background information about Philip. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/46.md b/jhn/01/46.md index 378339366e..3c9a875139 100644 --- a/jhn/01/46.md +++ b/jhn/01/46.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Nathaniel said to him -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +"Nathaniel said to Philip" -## translationNotes +# Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? -* **Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?** - "No good thing can come out of Nazareth" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **in whom is no deceit** - "a completely truthful man." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. AT: "No good thing can come out of Nazareth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in whom is no deceit + +This can be stated in a positive way. AT: "a completely truthful man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/49.md b/jhn/01/49.md index 8a714421b0..5cd2c90b6a 100644 --- a/jhn/01/49.md +++ b/jhn/01/49.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Rabbi, you are the Son of God! You are the King of Israel! -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Nathaniel says Jesus is "the Son of God" because Jesus knew Nathaniel without previously meeting him. -## translationNotes +# Son of God -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Because I said to you ... do you believe? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. AT: "You believe because I said, 'I saw you underneath the fig tree'! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Truly, truly + +Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/intro.md b/jhn/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e92431770 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# John 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:23, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The Word" ##### +This is a rather unique construction used to reference Jesus. He is the "Word of God" embodied in flesh and the final revelation of God himself on earth. Although this can appear to be a complex teaching, it is rather simple: Jesus is God, the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +##### Light and Darkness ##### +These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### "Children of God" ##### +When one believes in Jesus, they go from being a "child of wrath" to a "child of God." They are adopted into the "family of God." This is an important image that will be unfolded in the New Testament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Although the other gospel accounts frequently contain metaphors in the teachings of Jesus and in prophecy, the first chapter of this gospel uses metaphors in interpreting the meaning of the life of Jesus. Because of these metaphors, the reader can see that this gospel is going to be a more in-depth theological understanding of the life of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "In the beginning was the word" ##### +The first part of this chapter follows a logical and almost poetic pattern, which will be difficult to duplicate in translation. + +##### "Son of man" ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Some languages may struggle having a person refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[John intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/01.md b/jhn/02/01.md index 06ff891052..24c4cccf85 100644 --- a/jhn/02/01.md +++ b/jhn/02/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cana]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] +Jesus and his disciples have been invited to a wedding. These verse give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Three days later +Most interpreters read this as on the third day after Jesus called Philip and Nathaniel to follow him. The first day occurs in John 1:35 and the second in John 1:43. + +# Jesus and his disciples were invited to the wedding + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "Someone invited Jesus and his disciples to the wedding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/03.md b/jhn/02/03.md index ab6de0d1b4..c4a3cb0745 100644 --- a/jhn/02/03.md +++ b/jhn/02/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Woman -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This refers to Mary. If it is impolite for a son to call his mother "woman" in your language, use another word that is polite, or leave it out. -## translationNotes +# why do you come to me? -* **Woman** - If a son calling his mother "woman" would be considered impolite, use another word that is polite and formal. -* **what does that have to do with me?** - "this has nothing to do with me." or "do not tell me what to do." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **has not yet come** - "is not yet here" +This question is asked to provide emphasis. AT: "this has nothing to do with me." or "you should not tell me what to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# My time has not yet come + +The word "time" is a metonym that represents the right occasion for Jesus to show that he is the Messiah by working miracles. AT: "It is not yet the right time for me to perform a mighty act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/06.md b/jhn/02/06.md index 2132e8015b..128315e4d7 100644 --- a/jhn/02/06.md +++ b/jhn/02/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# two to three metretes -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "75 to 115 liters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# to the brim -* **two to three metretes** - "80 to 120 liters." A "metrete" was a measure of about 40 liters of liquid. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **to the brim** - This means "to the very top" or "completely full." -* **the head waiter** - This refers to the person in charge of the food and drink. +This means "to the very top" or "completely full." + +# the head waiter + +This refers to the person in charge of the food and drink. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/09.md b/jhn/02/09.md index bdc38820f9..c733b36d14 100644 --- a/jhn/02/09.md +++ b/jhn/02/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# but the servants who had drawn the water knew -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# drunk -* **(but the servants who had drawn the water knew)** - This is background information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **drunk** - unable to tell the difference between cheap wine and expensive wine because of drinking too much alcohol +unable to tell the difference between cheap wine and expensive wine because of drinking too much alcohol \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/11.md b/jhn/02/11.md index aaf8dd4242..c552ea2e7c 100644 --- a/jhn/02/11.md +++ b/jhn/02/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] +This verse is not part of the main storyline, rather it gives a comment about the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# Cana +This is a place name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# revealed his glory + +Here "glory" refers to the mighty power of Jesus. AT: "showed his power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/12.md b/jhn/02/12.md index e04c9ba83e..97ea58eec0 100644 --- a/jhn/02/12.md +++ b/jhn/02/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# went down -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] +This means that they traveled from a higher place to a lower place. Cana is southwest of Capernaum and is at a higher elevation. -## translationNotes +# his brothers -* **he went down** - This means that they traveled from a higher place to a lower place. Cana is southwest of Capernaum, but is at a higher elevation. -* **his brothers** - This word is inclusive of brothers and sisters. All Jesus' brothers and sisters were younger than he was. +The word "brothers" includes both brothers and sisters. All Jesus' brothers and sisters were younger than he was. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/13.md b/jhn/02/13.md index b685ce5ac9..283e1a542c 100644 --- a/jhn/02/13.md +++ b/jhn/02/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Jesus and his disciples go up to Jerusalem to the temple. -## translationNotes +# up to Jerusalem -* **up to Jerusalem** - This means that they traveled from a lower place to a higher place. Jerusalem is built on a hill. -* **in the temple** - This refers to the outer courtyard of the temple where the non-Jewish people were allowed to worship. -* **those that sold** - People could buy animals at the temple and sacrifice them to honor God. -* **money changers** - Jewish authorities required people who wanted to buy animals for sacrifices to exchange their money from outside for special money from the "money changers." +This means that they traveled from a lower place to a higher place. Jerusalem is built on a hill. + +# were sitting there + +The next verse makes it clear that these people were in the temple courtyard. That area was intended for worship and not for commerce. + +# sellers of oxen and sheep and pigeons + +People were buying animals in the temple courtyard to sacrifice them to God. + +# money changers + +Jewish authorities required people who wanted to buy animals for sacrifices to exchange their money for special money from the "money changers." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/15.md b/jhn/02/15.md index 927aede9e2..ff74c08768 100644 --- a/jhn/02/15.md +++ b/jhn/02/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# So -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This word marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, Jesus saw the money changers sitting in the temple. -## translationNotes +# Stop making the house of my Father a marketplace -* **my Father's house** - This is a phrase Jesus uses to refer to the temple. +"Stop buying and selling things in my Father's house" + +# the house of my Father + +This is a phrase Jesus uses to refer to the temple. + +# my Father + +This is an important title that Jesus uses for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/17.md b/jhn/02/17.md index 6085a4f4b2..9dbb2f484f 100644 --- a/jhn/02/17.md +++ b/jhn/02/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# it was written -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jewishleaders]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "someone had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# your house -* **your house** - This term refers to the temple, God's house. -* **consume** - This means "completely take over." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **these things** - This refers to Jesus's actions against the money changers in the temple. -* **Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up** - Jesus is referring to his own body as the temple that will die and come back to life three days later. But, it is important to translate this with words normally used to describe tearing down and rebuilding a building. -* **Destroy this temple, and in three days...** - Jesus is not commanding the people to go and tear down the temple. If this is confusing in your language you could translate it as "If you destroy this temple, in three days...." +This term refers to the temple, God's house. + +# consume + +The word "consume" points to the metaphor of "fire." Jesus' love for the temple is like a fire that burns within him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sign + +This refers to an event that proves something is true. + +# these things + +This refers to Jesus' actions against the money changers in the temple. + +# Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up + +Jesus is referring to his own body as the temple that will die and come back to life three days later. Translate this in a way that describes tearing down and rebuilding a building. Jesus is not commanding his disciples to tear down the actual temple building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# raise it up + +This means to "rebuild" or "restore." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/20.md b/jhn/02/20.md index 1dfe25cb11..3e509af826 100644 --- a/jhn/02/20.md +++ b/jhn/02/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Verses 21 and 22 are not part of the main storyline, rather they comment on the story and tell about something that happens later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# forty-six years ... three days -* **you will raise it up in three days?** - "you cannot possibly rebuild it in three days!." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **this statement** - This refers back to Jesus' statement in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:02:17 -* ]]. +"46 years ... 3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# you will raise it up in three days? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to show that the Jewish authorities understand that Jesus wants to tear down the temple and build it again in three days. AT: "you cannot possibly rebuild it in three days!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# believed + +Here "believe" means to accept something or trust that it is true. + +# this statement + +This refers back to Jesus' statement in [John 2:19](./17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/23.md b/jhn/02/23.md index 52de3b7a3a..d893869f3d 100644 --- a/jhn/02/23.md +++ b/jhn/02/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now when he was in Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +The word "now" introduces us to a new event in the story. -## translationNotes +# believed in his name -* **nevertheless** - This is a connecting word showing that an unexpected event will follow. Alternate Translation: "but," "however" +Here "name" is a metonym that represents the person of Jesus. AT: "believed in him" or "trusted in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the signs that he did + +Miracles can also be called "signs" because they are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe. + +# about man, for he knew what was in man + +Here the word "man" represents people in general. AT: "about people, for he knew what was in people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/intro.md b/jhn/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..85101c7d29 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# John 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wine ##### +It was customary for wine to be used during times of celebration. It was not considered immoral to drink wine. + +##### Driving out the money changers ##### +This is the first account of Jesus driving the money changers out of the temple. This event showed the authority Jesus had over the temple and over all of Israel. + +##### "He knew what was in them" ##### +John knows this type of knowledge would only be possible if Jesus was God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "His disciples remembered" ##### +This phrase is used as a commentary on the events that occur in this chapter. These comments are not known at the time when the events occur, but are already known when the book was written. Translators may choose to use parentheses to set apart the author's explanation or commentary on past events. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/01.md b/jhn/03/01.md index a31e8a1c84..fb038cb1bc 100644 --- a/jhn/03/01.md +++ b/jhn/03/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] +Nicodemus comes to see Jesus. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **member** - a part of a group -* **Jewish Council** - The Jewish Council is called the "Sanhedrin." This was the most significant of all Jewish councils. -* **we know** - Here "we" is exclusive, referring only to Nicodemus and the other members of the Jewish Council. +This word is used here to mark a new part of the story and to introduce Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# we know + +Here "we" is exclusive, referring only to Nicodemus and the other members of the Jewish council. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/03.md b/jhn/03/03.md index ad9e20d2f2..50723479c7 100644 --- a/jhn/03/03.md +++ b/jhn/03/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Jesus and Nicodemus continue talking. -## translationNotes +# Truly, truly -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. -* **born again** - "born from above" or "born of God" -* **How can a man be born when he is old?** - He used this question to emphasize that this could not happen. Alternate translation: "A man certainly cannot be born again when he is old." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **He cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb to be born, can he?** - "Certainly, he cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a second time** - "again" or "twice" -* **womb** - the part of a woman's body where a baby grows. Alternate translation: "uterus" or "belly." +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# born again + +"born from above" or "born of God" + +# kingdom of God + +The word "kingdom" is a metaphor for the rule of God. AT: "place where God rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How can a man be born when he is old? + +Nicodemus used this question to emphasize that this could not happen. AT: "A man certainly cannot be born again when he is old!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born, can he? + +Nicodemus also used this question to emphasize his belief that a second birth was impossible. "Certainly, he cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a second time + +"again" or "twice" + +# womb + +the part of a woman's body where a baby grows \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/05.md b/jhn/03/05.md index ea3bff9aa3..ad9d03ea6e 100644 --- a/jhn/03/05.md +++ b/jhn/03/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly, truly -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +You can translate this in the same way you did in [John 3:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# born of water and the Spirit -* **Truly, truly** - You can translate it the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes :jhn:03:03]]. -* **born of water and the Spirit** - There are 3 possible meanings: 1) "baptised in water" or 2) "born physically" or 3) "born of the Holy Spirit" - AT: "born spiritually by the Holy Spirit" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +There are two possible meanings: 1) "baptized in water and in the Spirit" or 2) "born physically and spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# kingdom of God + +The word "kingdom" is a metaphor for the rule of God in one's life. AT: "he cannot experience the rule of God in his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/07.md b/jhn/03/07.md index 7d1ca796af..5361d5e64b 100644 --- a/jhn/03/07.md +++ b/jhn/03/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] +Jesus continues speaking to Nicodemus. -## translationNotes +# You must be born again -* Jesus continues speaking to Nicodemus. -* **You must be born again** - "You must be born from above" or "God must give you life". See notes on [[en:bible:notes:jhn:03:03]]. -* **The wind blows wherever it wishes** - There's a double meaning here. In the source language, wind and Spirit are the same word. Alternate translation: "The Holy Spirit is like a wind that blows wherever he wants." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"You must be born from above" + +# The wind blows wherever it wishes + +In the source language, wind and Spirit are the same word. The speaker here refers to the wind as if it were a person. AT: "The Holy Spirit is like a wind that blows wherever it wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/09.md b/jhn/03/09.md index a0ff145d3c..9b6c0e3f7a 100644 --- a/jhn/03/09.md +++ b/jhn/03/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# How can these things be? -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +This question adds emphasis to the statement. AT: "This cannot be!" or "This is not able to happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things? -* **How can these things be?** - This is a rhetorical question adding emphasis to the statement. Alternate Translation: "This cannot be!" or "This is not able to happen!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things?** - This is a rhetorical question adding emphasis to the statement. Alternate Translation: "You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. -* **we speak** - When Jesus said "we", he did not include Nicodemus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) +This question adds emphasis to the statement. AT: "You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# we speak + +When Jesus said "we," he was not including Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/12.md b/jhn/03/12.md index cae182ea46..78eee68843 100644 --- a/jhn/03/12.md +++ b/jhn/03/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus continues responding to Nicodemus. -## translationNotes +# how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things? -* **how will you believe if I tell you** - in both places "you" is singular. -* **how will you believe if I tell you?** - "You certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **heavenly things** - spiritual things. +This question emphasizes the disbelief of Nicodemus. AT: "You certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# how will you believe if I tell you + +In both places "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# heavenly things + +spiritual things + +# heaven + +This means the place where God lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/14.md b/jhn/03/14.md index c05ef4102a..729a3a6a3f 100644 --- a/jhn/03/14.md +++ b/jhn/03/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This figure of speech is called a simile. Some people will "lift up" Jesus just as Moses "lifted up" the bronze serpent in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# in the wilderness -* **as Moses lifted up the serpent** - Not a real serpent. A made-up serpent; made of bronze - a type of metal. -* **in the wilderness** - The wilderness is a dry, desert place, but here it refers specifically to the place where Moses and the Israelites walked around for 40 years. -* **As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so the Son of Man must be lifted up** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The wilderness is a dry, desert place, but here it refers specifically to the place where Moses and the Israelites walked around for forty years. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/16.md b/jhn/03/16.md index 47b214bd85..bfb80ea682 100644 --- a/jhn/03/16.md +++ b/jhn/03/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# God so loved the world -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here "world" is a metonym that refers to everyone in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# loved -* **God so loved the world** - "world" refers to everyone in the world who believes in Jesus, rather than everyone who exists. -* **unique Son** - "one and only Son" -* **condemn** - "punish" +This is the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love. + +# For God did not send the Son into the world in order to condemn the world, but in order to save the world through him + +These two clauses mean nearly the same thing, said twice for emphasis, first in the negative and then in the positive. Some languages may indicate emphasis in a different way. AT: God's real reason for sending his Son into the world was to save it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# condemn + +"punish" + +# not condemned + +These two negative ideas can be stated in positive form. AT: "judged to be innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/19.md b/jhn/03/19.md index 808136fbc1..0ed022efe3 100644 --- a/jhn/03/19.md +++ b/jhn/03/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +Jesus finishes responding to Nicodemus. -## translationNotes +# The light has come into the world -* **so that his deeds might not be exposed** - AT: "so that the light would not show the things he does" or "so that the light does not make clear his deeds" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his deeds may be clearly seen** - AT: "people may clearly see his deeds" or "everyone may clearly see the things he does" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "light" is a metaphor for God's truth that is revealed in Jesus. The "world" is a metonym for all of the people who live in "the world." AT: the one who is like a light has revealed God's truth to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# men loved the darkness + +Here "darkness" is a metaphor for the area that has not received the "light" of God's revelation in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that his deeds will not be exposed + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "so that the light will not show the things he does" or "so that the light does not make clear his deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# plainly seen that his deeds + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "people may clearly see his deeds" or "everyone may clearly see the things he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/22.md b/jhn/03/22.md index 20918abc1a..c2b7d20b18 100644 --- a/jhn/03/22.md +++ b/jhn/03/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# After this -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +This refers to after Jesus had spoken with Nicodemus. See how you translated this in [John 2:12](../02/12.md). -## translationNotes +# Aenon -* **because there was much water there** - "because there were many springs in that place" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Aenon** - this word means "springs" -* **Salim** - a village or town next to the Jordan River -* **were being baptized** - "John was baptizing them" or "he was baptizing them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This word means "springs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Salim + +a village or town next to the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# because there was much water there + +"because there were many springs in that place" + +# were being baptized + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "John was baptizing them" or "he was baptizing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/25.md b/jhn/03/25.md index aa09dbb8a0..c75fbb9d7d 100644 --- a/jhn/03/25.md +++ b/jhn/03/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then there arose a dispute between some of John's disciples and a Jew -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] +This can be stated in an active form for clarity. AT: "Then John's disciples and a Jew began to argue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a dispute -* **Then there arose a dispute between some of John's disciples and a Jew** - "Then John's disciples and a Jew began to argue" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **an argument arose** - "an argument began" or "started" -* **argument** - a fight using words -* **see, he is baptizing** - In this phrase, "see" is a command meaning "pay attention!" Alternate Translation: "Look! He is baptizing" or "Look at that! He is baptizing" +a fight using words + +# look, he is baptizing + +In this phrase, "look" is a command meaning "pay attention!" AT: "Look! He is baptizing" or "Look at that! He is baptizing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/27.md b/jhn/03/27.md index a4ebe078bf..9be1114ece 100644 --- a/jhn/03/27.md +++ b/jhn/03/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A man cannot receive anything unless -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +"Nobody has any power unless" -## translationNotes +# it has been given to him from heaven -* **A person cannot receive even one thing unless** - "Nobody has any power unless" -* **you yourselves** - This "you" is plural and refers to all the people John is talking to. Alternate Translation: "You all" or "All of you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) -* **I have been sent before him** - "God sent me to arrive first" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "heaven" is used as a metonym to refer to God. This can be stated in an active form. AT: "God has given it to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You yourselves + +This "You" is plural and refers to all the people John is talking to. AT: "You all" or "All of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# I have been sent before him + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "God sent me to arrive before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/29.md b/jhn/03/29.md index e6b4e8684e..d19e24a041 100644 --- a/jhn/03/29.md +++ b/jhn/03/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +John the Baptist continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# The bride belongs to the bridegroom -* John the Baptist continues speaking. -* **He who has the bride is the bridegroom** - "The bridegroom marries the bride." or "The groom has the bride." -* **This, then, is my joy made complete** - "So then I rejoice greatly" or "So I rejoice much." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my joy** - The word "my" refers to John the Baptist, the one who is speaking. -* **He must increase** - "He" refers to the bridegroom, Jesus. +Here the "bride" and "bridegroom" are metaphors. Jesus is like the "bridegroom" and John is like the friend of the "bridegroom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This, then, is my joy made complete + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So then I rejoice greatly" or "So I rejoice much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my joy + +The word "my" refers to John the Baptist, the one who is speaking. + +# He must increase + +"He" refers to the bridegroom, Jesus, who will continue to grow in importance. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/31.md b/jhn/03/31.md index 08be8b29fc..d07520957a 100644 --- a/jhn/03/31.md +++ b/jhn/03/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He who comes from above is above all -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"He who comes from heaven is more important than anyone" -## translationNotes +# He who is from the earth is from the earth and speaks about the earth -* John the Baptist continues speaking. -* **He who comes from above is above all** - John is speaking about Jesus. AT: "He who comes from heaven rules over everything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He who is of the earth is from the earth and speaks of earthly things** - John is contrasting himself with Jesus. John does not mean that since he is born on the earth that he is evil. He means that Jesus is greater than he is since Jesus is from heaven and John was born on the earth. AT: "He who is born in this world is like everyone else who lives in the world and he speaks about what happens in this world" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He who comes from heaven is above all** - This means the same thing as the first sentence. John repeats this for emphasis. -* **He testifies to what he has seen and heard** - John is speaking about Jesus. AT: "The one from heaven tells about what he has seen and heard in heaven" -* **no man accepts his testimony** - AT: "very few people believe him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **He who has received his testimony** - "He" refers to any person. "A person who believes what Jesus" -* **has confirmed** - "proves" or "agrees" +John means that Jesus is greater than he is since Jesus is from heaven, and John was born on the earth. AT: "He who is born in this world is like everyone else who lives in the world and he speaks about what happens in this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He who comes from heaven is above all + +This means the same thing as the first sentence. John repeats this for emphasis. + +# He testifies about what he has seen and heard + +John is speaking about Jesus. AT: "The one from heaven tells about what he has seen and heard in heaven." + +# no one accepts his testimony + +Here John exaggerates to emphasize that only a few people believe Jesus. AT: "very few people believe him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# He who has received his testimony + +"Anyone who believes what Jesus says" + +# has confirmed + +"proves" or "agrees" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/34.md b/jhn/03/34.md index 46cbe479a6..fbdbfec7d3 100644 --- a/jhn/03/34.md +++ b/jhn/03/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +John the Baptist finishes speaking. -## translationNotes +# For the one whom God has sent -* John the Baptist continues speaking. -* **For the one whom God has sent** - "This Jesus, whom God has sent to represent him" -* **For he does not give the Spirit by measure.** - "Because he is the one to whom God gave all the power of his Spirit." -* **He that believes** - "A person who believes" or "Anyone who believes" -* **wrath of God abides on him** - "wrath of God stays with him" +"This Jesus, whom God has sent to represent him" + +# For he does not give the Spirit by measure + +"For he is the one to whom God gave all the power of his Spirit" + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# given ... into his hand + +This means to be put in his power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He who believes + +"A person who believes" or "Anyone who believes" + +# wrath of God stays on him + +The abstract noun "wrath" can be translated with the verb "punish." AT: "God will continue to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/intro.md b/jhn/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5347fde0ec --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# John 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Light ##### +These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "We know that you are a teacher come from God" ##### +Although this appears to be a display of faith, it is not. This is because believing Jesus is "only a teacher" shows a lack of awareness of who he truly is. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. It may not be possible in every language to have someone speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/01.md b/jhn/04/01.md index 629f08ea3e..ef6935082b 100644 --- a/jhn/04/01.md +++ b/jhn/04/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +This is the next part of the story which is about Jesus and a Samaritan woman. These verses give background information for this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Now when Jesus knew that the Pharisees had heard that he was making ... John (although ... were), he left ... Galilee -* **Now when Jesus knew** - The word "now" here is used to mark a change of topic in the story; the story changes from John the Baptist's words in the previous verses to Jesus' actions here. -* **Jesus himself was not baptizing** - "It was not actually Jesus who was baptizing people." The word "himself" is added to emphasize Jesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) +"Now Jesus was making ... John (although ... were), and the Pharisees had heard about the success he was having. He learned that the Pharisees had heard, so he left ... Galilee" + +# Now when Jesus knew + +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main events. Here John starts to tell a new part of the narrative. + +# Jesus himself was not baptizing + +The reflexive pronoun "himself" adds emphasis that it was not Jesus who was baptizing, but his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/04.md b/jhn/04/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 14499d8852..0000000000 --- a/jhn/04/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/jhn/04/06.md b/jhn/04/06.md index f04e9538c2..24cbb7d9aa 100644 --- a/jhn/04/06.md +++ b/jhn/04/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Give me some water -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +This is a polite request, not a command. -## translationNotes +# For his disciples had gone -* **Give me some water** - a polite request, not a command +He did not ask his disciples to draw water for him because they had gone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/09.md b/jhn/04/09.md index 1dae875a32..170f8aa167 100644 --- a/jhn/04/09.md +++ b/jhn/04/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the Samaritan woman said to him -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The word "him" refers to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# How is it that you, being a Jew, are asking ... for something to drink? -* **have no dealings with** - "do not associate with" +This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Samaritan woman's surprise that Jesus asked her for a drink. AT: "I cannot believe that you, being a Jew, are asking a Samaritan for a drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# have no dealings with + +"do not associate with" + +# living water + +Jesus uses the metaphor "living water" to refer to the Holy Spirit who works in a person to transform and bring new life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/11.md b/jhn/04/11.md index 85e7e2980d..970e4a06b4 100644 --- a/jhn/04/11.md +++ b/jhn/04/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You are not greater, are you, than our father Jacob ... cattle? -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This remark occurs in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You are not greater than our father Jacob ... cattle!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# our father Jacob -* **You are not greater, are you, than our father Jacob...?** - "You could not be greater than our father Jacob..." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"our ancestor Jacob" + +# drank from it + +"drank water that came from it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/13.md b/jhn/04/13.md index 51a10fdb5e..0e94c3ee37 100644 --- a/jhn/04/13.md +++ b/jhn/04/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# will be thirsty again -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +"will need to drink water again" -## translationNotes +# the water that I will give him will become a fountain of water in him +Here the word "fountain" is a metaphor for life-giving water. AT: "the water that I will give him will become like a spring of water in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# eternal life + +Here "life" refers to the "spiritual life" that only God can give. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/15.md b/jhn/04/15.md index b8766ad5af..9f49d9f5a3 100644 --- a/jhn/04/15.md +++ b/jhn/04/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Sir -* [[en:tw:water]] +In this context, the Samaritan woman is addressing Jesus as "Sir," which is a term of respect or politeness. -## translationNotes +# draw water +"get water" or "pull water up from the well" using a container and rope \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/17.md b/jhn/04/17.md index 318b430636..9d7ea84131 100644 --- a/jhn/04/17.md +++ b/jhn/04/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:jesus]] - -## translationNotes +# You are right in saying ... What you have said is true +Jesus repeats this statement to emphasize that he knows the woman is telling the truth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/19.md b/jhn/04/19.md index fb293f73e7..e20c073d5b 100644 --- a/jhn/04/19.md +++ b/jhn/04/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Sir -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +In this context the Samaritan woman is addressesing Jesus as "sir," which is a term of respect or politeness. -## translationNotes +# I see that you are a prophet -* **I see that you are a prophet** - "I can understand that you are a prophet" +"I can understand that you are a prophet" + +# fathers + +"forefathers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/21.md b/jhn/04/21.md index 8f6674c0dd..3a55df38b7 100644 --- a/jhn/04/21.md +++ b/jhn/04/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Believe me -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +To believe someone is to acknowledge what the person has said is true. -## translationNotes +# You worship what you do not know. We worship what we know -* **You people worship what you do not know. We worship that which we know** - Jesus means that God revealed himself and his commands to the Jewish people, not to the Samaritans. Through the scriptures the Jewish people know who God is better than the Samaritans. -* **for salvation is from the Jews** - This does not mean the Jewish people will save others from their sins. It means God has chosen the Jews as his special people that will tell all other people about his salvation. AT: "for all people will know about God's salvation because of the Jews" +Jesus means that God revealed himself and his commands to the Jewish people, not to the Samaritans. Through the Scriptures the Jewish people know who God is better than the Samaritans. + +# you will worship the Father ... for salvation is from the Jews + +Eternal salvation from sin comes from God the Father, who is Yahweh, the God of the Jews. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# for salvation is from the Jews + +This does not mean the Jewish people will save others from their sins. It means God has chosen the Jews as his special people who will tell all other people about his salvation. AT: "for all people will know about God's salvation because of the Jews." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/23.md b/jhn/04/23.md index 4cdd43d3e7..17ee338cca 100644 --- a/jhn/04/23.md +++ b/jhn/04/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Jesus continues speaking to the Samaritan woman. -## translationNotes +# However, the hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will -* **However, the hour is coming, and now is here, when** - AT: "But the time has already arrived when" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **worship in spirit** - "worship as his Spirit directs" +"However, it is now the right time for true worshipers to" + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# worship in spirit and truth + +"worship him in the right way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/25.md b/jhn/04/25.md index 2e533d45e4..86783e19cb 100644 --- a/jhn/04/25.md +++ b/jhn/04/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I know that the Messiah ... Christ -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] +Both of these words mean "God's promised king." -## translationNotes +# he will explain everything to us +The words "explain everything" imply all that the people need to know. AT: "he will tell us everything we need to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/27.md b/jhn/04/27.md index 8503b20f41..94a4278c60 100644 --- a/jhn/04/27.md +++ b/jhn/04/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# At that moment his disciples returned -* [[en:tw:disciple]] +"Just as Jesus was saying this, his disciples returned from town" -## translationNotes +# Now they were wondering why he was speaking with a woman +It was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a woman he did not know, especially if that woman was a Samaritan. + +# no one said, "What ... want?" or "Why ... her?" + +Possible meanings are 1) the disciples asked both questions to Jesus or 2) "no one asked the woman, 'What ... want?' or asked Jesus, 'Why ... her?'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/28.md b/jhn/04/28.md index e56b4fb120..f8671aa8a5 100644 --- a/jhn/04/28.md +++ b/jhn/04/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Come, see a man who told me everything that I have ever done -* [[en:tw:christ]] +The Samaritan woman exaggerates to show that she is impressed by how much Jesus knows about her. AT: "Come see a man who knows very much about me, even though I have never met him before!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# This could not be the Christ, could it? -* **This could not be the Christ, could it?** - Translation alternative - "Could this man be the Christ?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +The woman is not sure that Jesus is the Christ, so she asks a question that expects "no" for an answer, but she also asks a question instead of making a statement because she wants the people to decide for themselves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/31.md b/jhn/04/31.md index 488d87ff58..c614eb05da 100644 --- a/jhn/04/31.md +++ b/jhn/04/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In the meantime -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] +"While the woman was going into town" -## translationNotes +# the disciples were urging him +"the disciples were telling Jesus" or "the disciples were encouraging Jesus" + +# I have food to eat that you do not know about + +Here Jesus is not talking about literal "food," but is preparing his disciples for a spiritual lesson in [John 4:34](./34.md). + +# No one has brought him anything to eat, have they? + +The disciples think Jesus is talking about literal "food." They begin asking each other this question, expecting a "no" response. AT: "Surely no one brought him any food while we were in town!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/34.md b/jhn/04/34.md index d344c37958..3932b69ca3 100644 --- a/jhn/04/34.md +++ b/jhn/04/34.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to complete his work -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here "food" is a metaphor that represents "obeying God's will." AT: "Just as food satisfies a hungry person, obeying God's will is what satisfies me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Do you not say -* **My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to complete his work** - "just as food is what satisfies a hungry person, obeying God's will is what satisfies me". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Do you not say** - "Is this not one of your popular sayings" -* **they are already ripe for harvest** - "They are read to accept my message, like crops in fields that are ready for people to harvest." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Is this not one of your popular sayings" + +# look up and see the fields, for they are already ripe for harvest + +The words "fields" and "ripe for harvest" are metaphors. The "fields" represent the non-Jewish people or Gentiles. The words "ripe for harvest" mean that the Gentiles are ready to receive the message of Jesus, just as fields are ready to be harvested. AT: "look up and see these non-Jewish people! They are ready to accept my message, just like crops in the fields are ready for people to harvest them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He who is harvesting receives wages and gathers fruit for everlasting life + +Jesus indicates that there is a reward for those "work in his fields" and share his message. The ones who receive his message will also receive the eternal life that God offers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/37.md b/jhn/04/37.md index 2fa7279c35..d0442e0ba4 100644 --- a/jhn/04/37.md +++ b/jhn/04/37.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# One sows, and another harvests -* **you yourselves have entered into their labor** - The word "yourselves" emphasizes the previous "you". Translate this using what your language uses to put emphasis on a person (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) +The words "sows" and "harvests" are metaphors. The one who "sows" shares the message of Jesus. The one who "harvests" helps the people to receive the message of Jesus. AT: "One person plants the seeds, and another person harvests the crops." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have entered into their labor + +"you are now joining in their work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/39.md b/jhn/04/39.md index 794ef84376..72417b05e4 100644 --- a/jhn/04/39.md +++ b/jhn/04/39.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# believed in him -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +To "believe in" someone means to "trust in" that person. Here this also means that they believed he was the Son of God. -## translationNotes +# He told me everything that I have done +This is an exaggeration. The woman was impressed by how much Jesus knew about her. AT: "He told me many things about my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/41.md b/jhn/04/41.md index 5fba1fefb0..8dbc7ee59b 100644 --- a/jhn/04/41.md +++ b/jhn/04/41.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# his word -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here "word" is a metonym that stands for the message that Jesus proclaimed. AT: "his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# world +The "world" is a metonym that refers to all the people who live in the world. AT: "all the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/43.md b/jhn/04/43.md index 817bc8ed3d..ad93f89a15 100644 --- a/jhn/04/43.md +++ b/jhn/04/43.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This is the next part of the story in which Jesus goes down to Galilee and heals a boy. Verse 44 gives us background information about something Jesus had said previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# from there -* **For Jesus himself declared** - The word "himself" is added for additional emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* ** a prophet has no honor in his own country** - “people do not show respect or honor to a prophet of their own country” or “a prophet is not respected by the people in his community” +from Judea + +# For Jesus himself declared + +The reflexive pronoun "himself" is added to emphasize that Jesus had "declared" or said this.. You can translate this in your language in a way that will give emphasis to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# a prophet has no honor in his own country + +"people do not show respect or honor to a prophet of their own country" or "a prophet is not respected by the people in his own community" + +# at the festival + +Here the festival is the Passover. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/46.md b/jhn/04/46.md index 459045423a..793e427ac6 100644 --- a/jhn/04/46.md +++ b/jhn/04/46.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:cana]] -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline and to move to a new part of the story. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it. -## translationNotes +# royal official +someone who is in the service of the king \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/48.md b/jhn/04/48.md index ddde0e1cdb..d6d79feb61 100644 --- a/jhn/04/48.md +++ b/jhn/04/48.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Unless you see signs and wonders, you will not believe -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Unless ... not believe" is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to translate this statement in a positive form. AT: "Only if you see a miracle will you believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# believed the word +Here "word" is a metonym that refers to the message that Jesus spoke. AT: "believed the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/51.md b/jhn/04/51.md index 44c3179a50..0e636195c0 100644 --- a/jhn/04/51.md +++ b/jhn/04/51.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes +# While +This word is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. As the official was going home, his servants were coming to meet him on the road. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/53.md b/jhn/04/53.md index 5c877b7304..75ea14ee51 100644 --- a/jhn/04/53.md +++ b/jhn/04/53.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# So he himself and his whole household believed -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] +The reflexive pronoun "himself" is used here to emphasize the word "he." If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it. -## translationNotes +# sign +Miracles can also be called "signs" because they are used as indicators or evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/intro.md b/jhn/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f0ceb98040 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# John 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +John 4:4-38 forms one story centered on the teaching of Jesus as the "living water," providing eternal life to all who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "It was necessary for him to pass through Samaria" ##### +Normally, the Jews would have avoided traveling through the region of Samaria. The Samaritans were viewed as ungodly people because they were descendants of the northern kingdom of Israel who intermarried with pagan peoples. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/kingdomofisrael]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### The proper place of worship ##### +One of the greatest sins committed by the Samaritan people in history was that they set up a false temple in their territory to rival the temple in Jerusalem. This is the mountain the woman refers to in [John 4:20](./19.md). The Jews rightly demanded that all Israelites worship in Jerusalem because that was where Yahweh lived. Jesus explains that the location of the temple does not matter anymore. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Harvest ##### +The imagery of harvesting is used in this chapter. This is a metaphor that represents bringing people to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### "The Samaritan woman" ##### +The Samaritan woman is probably intended to contrast with the Jewish reaction towards Jesus. "Jesus himself declared that a prophet has no honor in his own country" ([John 4:44](./43.md)). There were many reasons the Jews would have seen this woman as untrustworthy. She was a Samaritan, an adulterer, and a woman. Despite this, she did what God required of her. She believed in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "In spirit and truth" ##### +True worship is no longer directed to a place, but is now directed towards the person of Jesus. In addition to this, worship is no longer done through priests. Everyone can directly worship God. This phrase implies that the proper worship of God can now be done without physically offering sacrifices and can be done more completely because of greater revelation given to man. There are many additional understandings of this passage. It may be best to leave this phrase as generic as possible in translation so as to not exclude other possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/01.md b/jhn/05/01.md index 622d403eef..660fa2ee96 100644 --- a/jhn/05/01.md +++ b/jhn/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +This is the next event in the story, in which Jesus goes up to Jerusalem and heals a man. These verses give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# After this -* **After this** - After he had healed the official's son ([[en:bible:notes:jhn:04:46]]) -* **went up to Jerusalem** - Jerusalem is located on the top of a hill. Roads to Jerusalem went up and down smaller hills, but if your language has a different word for going up a hill than for walking on level ground, use it here. -* **pool** - a hole in the ground filled with water -* **Bethesda** - "Bethesda" means house of mercy (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **roofed porticos** - roofed structures with at least one wall missing attached to buildings -* **a great number** - "many" -* **verse 4** - Some early texts have this verse, but others do not. We suggest you combine verses 3 and 4 with a verse bridge (3-4) as in the ULB and UDB rather than leave and empty verse. +This refers to after Jesus healed the official's son. See how you translated this in [John 3:22](../03/22.md). + +# there was a Jewish festival + +"the Jews were celebrating a festival" + +# went up to Jerusalem + +Jerusalem is located on the top of a hill. Roads to Jerusalem went up and down smaller hills. If your language has a different word for going up a hill than for walking on level ground, you may use it here. + +# pool + +This was a hole in the ground that people filled with water. Sometimes they lined the pools with tiles or other stonework. + +# Bethesda + +"Bethesda" means house of mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# roofed porches + +roofed structures with at least one wall missing and attached to buildings + +# A large number of people + +"Many people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/05.md b/jhn/05/05.md index 01744de2f4..7b4bd40125 100644 --- a/jhn/05/05.md +++ b/jhn/05/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +Verse 5 introduces the man lying beside the pool to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# was there -* **was there** - "was at Bethesda pool" ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:01]]) -* **thirty-eight years** - eight years** - "38 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **he realized** - "he understood" +"was at the Bethesda pool" ([John 5:1](./01.md)) + +# thirty-eight years + +"38 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# he realized + +"he understood" or "he found out" + +# he said to him + +"Jesus said to the paralyzed man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/07.md b/jhn/05/07.md index 918ead2775..b230462099 100644 --- a/jhn/05/07.md +++ b/jhn/05/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Sir, I do not have -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Here the word "sir" is a polite form of address. -## translationNotes +# when the water is stirred up -* **when the water is stirred up** - "when the angel moves the water." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **another steps down before me** - "someone else always enters the water before me." People would go down a staircase to get into the water in the pool. -* **get up** - "stand up" -* **take up your mat** - "pick up your sleeping mat" +This can be translated in an active form. AT: "when the angel moves the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into the pool + +This was a hole in the ground that people filled with water. Sometimes they lined the pools with tiles or other stonework. See how you translated "pool" in [John 5:2](./01.md). + +# another steps down before me + +"someone else always goes down the steps into the water before me" + +# Get up + +"Stand up!" + +# take up your bed, and walk + +"Pick up your sleeping mat, and walk!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/09.md b/jhn/05/09.md index dbdf7a6800..f7316a0bb2 100644 --- a/jhn/05/09.md +++ b/jhn/05/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the man was healed -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +"the man became healthy again" -## translationNotes +# Now that day was a Sabbath -* **the man was healed** - "the man was healthy again" -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. +"Now that day was God's Day of Rest" + +# Now + +"Now" is used here to draw attention to background information. It emphasizes the fact that this event takes place on the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/10.md b/jhn/05/10.md index 20b53893de..5c6cbf4437 100644 --- a/jhn/05/10.md +++ b/jhn/05/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So the Jews said to him -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jewishleaders]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +The Jews (especially the leaders of the Jews) became angry when they saw the man carrying his mat on the Sabbath. -## translationNotes +# It is the Sabbath -* **He who made me well** - "The man who made me well" +"It is God's Day of Rest" + +# He who made me healthy + +"The man who made me well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/12.md b/jhn/05/12.md index d523ce99cc..8b7b21e0e1 100644 --- a/jhn/05/12.md +++ b/jhn/05/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They asked him -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] - -## translationNotes - -* **They asked him** - "The Jewish leaders asked the man who was healed" +"The Jewish leaders asked the man who was healed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/14.md b/jhn/05/14.md index ae7b010f51..0adc501f1a 100644 --- a/jhn/05/14.md +++ b/jhn/05/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus found him -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jewishleaders]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"Jesus found the man he had healed" -## translationNotes +# See -* **Jesus found him** - "Jesus found the man he had healed" -* **See** - Alternate translations: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +The word "See" is used here to draw attention to the words that follow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/16.md b/jhn/05/16.md index 32357b4154..a27c467e1b 100644 --- a/jhn/05/16.md +++ b/jhn/05/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jewishleaders]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"Now" marks John's summary statement about the attitude of the Jewish leaders toward Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# is working -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here John starts to tell a new part of the story. -* **making himself equal to God** - "saying that he was like God" or "saying that he had as much authority as God" +This refers to doing labor, including anything that is done to serve other people. + +# the Jews + +Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche which represent the "Jewish leaders." AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# making himself equal to God + +"saying that he was like God" or "saying that he had as much authority as God" + +# My Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/19.md b/jhn/05/19.md index be4d000567..1455120968 100644 --- a/jhn/05/19.md +++ b/jhn/05/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders. -## translationNotes +# Truly, truly -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. -* **you will be amazed** - "you will be surprised" or "you will be shocked" +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# you will be amazed + +"you will be surprised" or "you will be shocked" + +# whatever the Father is doing, the Son does these things also. For the Father loves the Son + +Jesus, as the Son of God, followed and obeyed his Father's leadership on earth, because Jesus knew the Father loved him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Son ... Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# loves + +The kind of love that comes from God is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/21.md b/jhn/05/21.md index d57d202e6b..dd289791d7 100644 --- a/jhn/05/21.md +++ b/jhn/05/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life ... the Son also gives life to whomever he wishes -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +The word "for" marks a comparison. The Son of God (God the Son) gives life just like God the Father gives life. -## translationNotes +# Father ... Son -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# life + +This refers to "spiritual life." + +# For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son + +The word "for" marks a comparison. The Son of God carries out judgment for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# honor the Son just as ... the Father. The one who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father + +God the Son must be honored and worshiped just like God the Father. If we fail to honor God the Son, then we also fail to honor God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/24.md b/jhn/05/24.md index 7157e8dde4..abaca9a2cc 100644 --- a/jhn/05/24.md +++ b/jhn/05/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly, truly -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -## translationNotes +# he who hears my word -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. +Here "word" is a metonym that represents the message of Jesus. AT: "anyone who hears my message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not be condemned + +This can be stated positively. AT: "will be judged to be innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/25.md b/jhn/05/25.md index d442b9ad89..3f17ba46b7 100644 --- a/jhn/05/25.md +++ b/jhn/05/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly, truly -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -## translationNotes +# the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **truly, truly** - This is a way of marking emphasis. Translate it however you would add emphasis to an important phrase in your language. +The voice of Jesus, the Son of God, will raise dead people from the grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/26.md b/jhn/05/26.md index 7ef4296b41..8b2c20a743 100644 --- a/jhn/05/26.md +++ b/jhn/05/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For just as the Father has life in himself, so he has also given to the Son so that he has life in himself -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +The word "For" marks a comparison. The Son of God has the power to give life, just as the Father does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# Father ... Son of Man -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# life + +This means spiritual life. + +# the Father has given the Son authority to carry out judgment + +The Son of God has the authority of God the Father to judge. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/28.md b/jhn/05/28.md index 118e54a06e..372c85210b 100644 --- a/jhn/05/28.md +++ b/jhn/05/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be amazed at this -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"This" refers to the fact that Jesus, as the Son of Man, has the power to give eternal life and to carry out judgment. -## translationNotes +# hear his voice -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **hear his voice** - "hear the voice of the Son of Man" (See: [[en:obe:kt:sonofman]]) +"hear my voice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/30.md b/jhn/05/30.md index 0dd8d10254..2eeaf0ffd5 100644 --- a/jhn/05/30.md +++ b/jhn/05/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the will of him who sent me -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +The word "him" refers to God the Father. -## translationNotes +# There is another who testifies about me -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **can do nothing from** - Translate this the same way you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:19]]. +"There is someone else who tells people about me" + +# another + +This refers to God. + +# the testimony that he gives about me is true + +"what he tells people about me is true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/33.md b/jhn/05/33.md index 93fb4d9e75..be8575156a 100644 --- a/jhn/05/33.md +++ b/jhn/05/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the testimony that I receive is not from man -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"I do not need people's testimony" -## translationNotes +# that you might be saved -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **the testimony that I receive is not from man** - "I do not need people's testimony" -* **John was a lamp that was burning and shining** - John displayed God's holiness in the way that a lamp shines light. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so God can save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# John was a lamp that was burning and shining + +Here "lamp" is a metaphor. John displayed God's holiness in the same way a lamp gives light. AT: "John was like a lamp that was burning and shining" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/36.md b/jhn/05/36.md index 9f12a90ed7..d54291f5b4 100644 --- a/jhn/05/36.md +++ b/jhn/05/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the works that the Father has given me to accomplish ... that the Father has sent me -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +God the Father has sent God the Son, Jesus, to earth. Jesus completes what the Father gives him to do. -## translationNotes +# The Father who sent me has himself testified -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **You do not have his word remaining in you, for you are not believing in the one whom he has sent** - "You are not believing in the one whom he has sent. That is how I know that you do not have his word remaining in you" -* **remaining in you** - "staying with you" +The reflexive pronoun "himself" emphasizes that it is the Father, not someone less important, who has testified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the very works that I do, testify about me + +Here Jesus says that the miracles "testify" or "tell the people" about him. AT: "What I do shows the people that God has sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# You do not have his word ... in you, for you are not believing in the one whom he has sent + +"You do not believe in the one he has sent. That is how I know that you do not have his word remaining in you" + +# remaining in you + +"living in you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/39.md b/jhn/05/39.md index 770489fa77..7d935625e2 100644 --- a/jhn/05/39.md +++ b/jhn/05/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in them you have eternal life -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"you will find eternal life if you read them" or "the scriptures will tell you how you can have eternal life" -## translationNotes +# you are not willing to come to me -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **in them you have eternal life** - "you will find eternal life if you read the scriptures" or "the scriptures will tell you how you can have eternal life" +"you refuse to believe my message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/41.md b/jhn/05/41.md index bf0e6d7d49..d1fcc30a98 100644 --- a/jhn/05/41.md +++ b/jhn/05/41.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# receive -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +"accept" -## translationNotes +# you do not have the love of God in yourselves -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **receive** - "accept" -* **you do not have the love of God in yourselves** - This can mean 1) "you really do not love God" (see UDB) or 2) "you have really not received God's love." +This can mean 1) "you really do not love God" or 2) "you have really not received God's love." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/43.md b/jhn/05/43.md index f7c12c247e..27050eb505 100644 --- a/jhn/05/43.md +++ b/jhn/05/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# in my Father's name -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +Here the word "name" is a metonym that symbolizes God's power and authority. AT: "I have come with my Father's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Father -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **How can you believe, you who accept praise...God?** - "There is no way you can believe, because you accept praise...God!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# receive + +"accept" + +# If another should come in his own name + +The word "name" is a metonym that represents authority. AT: "If another should come in his own authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# How can you believe, you who accept praise ... God? + +This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. AT: "There is no way you can believe because you accept praise ... God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# believe + +This means to trust in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/45.md b/jhn/05/45.md index f640648102..4ba51f31cc 100644 --- a/jhn/05/45.md +++ b/jhn/05/45.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who accuses you is Moses ... your hopes -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"Moses" is a metonym here that stands for the law itself. AT: "Moses accuses you in the Law, the very Law in which you have put your hopes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# your hopes -* Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:16]]). -* **If you do not believe his writings, how are you going to believe my words?** - "You do not believe his writings, so you will never believe my words!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **my words?** - "what I say?" +"your confidence" or "your trust" + +# If you do not believe his writings, how are you going to believe my words? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. AT: "You do not believe his writings, so you will never believe my words!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my words + +"what I say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/intro.md b/jhn/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1d06068031 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# John 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Porticos ##### +Many of the Jews believed these porticos had healing properties. This happened when the waters were "stirred up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### "The resurrection of judgment" ##### +This is a reference to a time after death when all of mankind will be judged. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son, Son of God ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as "the Son," the "Son of Man" and the "Son of God." Some languages may struggle having a person refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]]) + +##### "He has testified concerning me" ##### +Jesus speaks about the Old Testament testifying concerning himself. The Old Testament gives many prophecies concerning the Messiah which described Jesus before he came to earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/01.md b/jhn/06/01.md index 2e3e842d29..c3087480f1 100644 --- a/jhn/06/01.md +++ b/jhn/06/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus has traveled from Jerusalem to Galilee. A crowd has followed him up a mountainside. These verses tell the setting of this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# After these things -* **After these things** - The phrase "these things" refers to the events in [[:en:bible:notes:jhn:05:01]]. Alternate translation: "Some time later." -* **Jesus went away** - "Jesus went across" (UDB) or "Jesus traveled" -* **A great crowd** - "A large number of people" +The phrase "these things" refers to the events in [John 5:1-46](../05/01.md). + +# Jesus went away + +It is implied in the text that Jesus traveled by boat and took his disciples with him. AT: "Jesus traveled by boat with his disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# A great crowd + +"A large number of people" + +# signs + +This refers to the miracles that are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over everything. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/04.md b/jhn/06/04.md index 7a759dd08e..830ee22df6 100644 --- a/jhn/06/04.md +++ b/jhn/06/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:philiptheapostle]] +The action in the story begins in verse 5. -## translationNotes +# Now the Passover, the Jewish festival, was near -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. -* **(Now the Passover, the feast of the Jews, was near.)** - John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about when the events happened. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **(Now Jesus said this to test Philip, for he himself knew what he was going to do.)** - John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to explain why Jesus asked Philip where to buy bread. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **for he himself knew** - The word "himself" here makes it clear that the word "he" refers to Jesus. Jesus knew what he would do. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) +John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about when the events happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# But Jesus said this to test Philip, for he himself knew what he was going to do + +John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to explain why Jesus asked Philip where to buy bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# for he himself knew + +The reflexive pronoun "himself" makes it clear that the word "he" refers to Jesus. Jesus knew what he would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/07.md b/jhn/06/07.md index dd3f5d1cf0..69159ef869 100644 --- a/jhn/06/07.md +++ b/jhn/06/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Two hundred denarii worth of bread -* [[en:tw:andrew]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +The word "denarii" is the plural of "denarius. "AT: "The amount of bread that cost two hundred days' wages." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## translationNotes +# five bread loaves of barley -* **two hundred denarii worth of bread** - "bread that cost two hundred days' wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **barley loaves ** - small, dense, round loaves of bread made from a common grain. -* **what are these among so many?** - "these few loaves and fishes are not enough to feed so many people." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"Five loaves of barley bread." Barley was a common grain. + +# loaves + +A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. These were probably small dense, round loaves. + +# what are these among so many? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that they do not have enough food to feed everyone. AT: "these few loaves and fishes are not enough to feed so many people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/10.md b/jhn/06/10.md index 36f9a2b163..58eca3c697 100644 --- a/jhn/06/10.md +++ b/jhn/06/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# sit down -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +"lie down" -## translationNotes +# Now there was a lot of grass in the place -* **sit down** - or "lie down," depending on your local custom -* **(Now there was much grass in the place.)** - This was a comfortable place for the people to sit. -* **the people...the men...the people** - the crowd (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **five thousand in number** - While the crowd probably included women and children ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:04]]), only the men were counted. -* **giving thanks** - Jesus is praying to God the Father and thanking him for the fish and the loaves. -* **he distributed** - Jesus broke the loaves and fish first and passed them to his disciples. The disciples then passed the bread and fish to the people. +John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about the place where this event happens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# So the men sat down, about five thousand in number + +While the crowd probably included women and children ([John 6:4-5](./04.md)), here John is counting only the men. + +# giving thanks + +Jesus prayed to God the Father and thanked him for the fish and the loaves. + +# he gave it + +"he" here represents "Jesus and his disciples." AT: "Jesus and his disciples gave it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/13.md b/jhn/06/13.md index edbf50d753..6cb353c63b 100644 --- a/jhn/06/13.md +++ b/jhn/06/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Jesus withdraws from the crowd. This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus feeding the crowd on the mountain. -## translationNotes +# they gathered -* **they gathered** - "the disciples gathered" -* **left over** - the food that no one had eaten -* **this sign** - Jesus feeding the 5,000 people with five barley loaves and two fish +"the disciples gathered" + +# left over + +the food that no one had eaten + +# this sign + +Jesus feeding the 5,000 people with five barley loaves and two fish + +# the prophet + +the special prophet who Moses said would come into the world \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/16.md b/jhn/06/16.md index 5c016259d9..8b90459d85 100644 --- a/jhn/06/16.md +++ b/jhn/06/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] +This is the next event in the story. Jesus' disciples go out onto the lake in a boat. -## translationNotes +# It was dark by this time, and Jesus had not yet come to them -* **(It was dark by this time, and Jesus had not yet come to them.)** - Use your language's way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +Use your language's way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/19.md b/jhn/06/19.md index 672f33c5ce..ae2a57d4c9 100644 --- a/jhn/06/19.md +++ b/jhn/06/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they had rowed -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] +Boats usually had two, four, or six people rowing with rowers on each side working together. Your culture may have different ways of making a boat go across a large body of water. -## translationNotes +# about twenty-five or thirty stadia -* **the disciples had rowed** - Boats usually had two, four or six people rowing with rowers on each side working together. Your culture may have different ways of making a boat go across a large body of water. -* **about twenty-five or thirty stadia** - five or thirty stadia** - "about five or six kilometers." A "stadium" is 185 meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +A "stadium" is 185 meters. AT: "about five or six kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# Do not be afraid + +"Stop being afraid!" + +# they were willing to receive him into the boat + +It is implied that Jesus gets into the boat. AT: "they gladly received him into the boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/22.md b/jhn/06/22.md index 383af9e908..cfe5632a79 100644 --- a/jhn/06/22.md +++ b/jhn/06/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the sea -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +"the Sea of Galilee" -## translationNotes +# However, there were ... the Lord had given thanks -* **the sea** - the Sea of Galilee -* **(However, there were...the Lord had given thanks.)** - Use your language's way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **boats that came from Tiberias** - The boats came after the disciples left but before the people "saw that there was no other boat there." +Use your language's way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# boats that came from Tiberias + +Here, John provides more background information. The next day, after Jesus fed the people, some boats with people from Tiberius came to see Jesus. However, Jesus and his disciples had left the night before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/24.md b/jhn/06/24.md index e83a33a39c..400ed91bd0 100644 --- a/jhn/06/24.md +++ b/jhn/06/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] - -## translationNotes +# General Information: +The people go to Capernaum to find Jesus. When they see him, they start asking him questions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/26.md b/jhn/06/26.md index e970f2bb16..439f536ea4 100644 --- a/jhn/06/26.md +++ b/jhn/06/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly, truly -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -## translationNotes +# eternal life which the Son of Man will give you, for God the Father has set his seal on him -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. +God the Father has given his approval to Jesus, the Son of Man, to give eternal life to those who believe in him. + +# Son of Man ... God the Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# has set his seal on him + +To "set a seal" on something means to place a mark on it to show to whom it belongs. This means that the Son belongs to the Father and that the Father approves of him in every way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/28.md b/jhn/06/28.md deleted file mode 100644 index fc5a98faa6..0000000000 --- a/jhn/06/28.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/jhn/06/30.md b/jhn/06/30.md index acb17edce8..84bf5a498d 100644 --- a/jhn/06/30.md +++ b/jhn/06/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# fathers -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:manna]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"forefathers" or "ancestors" -## translationNotes +# heaven +This refers to the place where God lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/32.md b/jhn/06/32.md index c9cf781054..924fe9ae40 100644 --- a/jhn/06/32.md +++ b/jhn/06/32.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly, truly -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -## translationNotes +# it is my Father who is giving you the true bread from heaven -* Jesus continues speaking to the people ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. -* **true bread** - Jesus is comparing himself to bread. Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The "true bread" is a metaphor for Jesus. AT: "The Father gives to you the Son as the true bread from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# gives life to the world + +"gives spiritual life to the world" + +# the world + +Here the "world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world who trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/35.md b/jhn/06/35.md index 30ba57ed61..7d5869f80f 100644 --- a/jhn/06/35.md +++ b/jhn/06/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I am the bread of life -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Through metaphor, Jesus compares himself with bread. Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. AT: "Just as food keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# believes in -* Jesus continues speaking to the people ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **I am the bread of life** - Jesus is comparing himself to bread. Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he who comes to me I will absolutely not drive away** - "I will keep everyone who comes to me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This means to believe that Jesus is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and to live in a way that honors him. + +# Everyone whom the Father gives me will come to me + +God the Father and God the Son will save forever those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# he who comes to me I will certainly not throw out + +This sentence states the opposite of what it means for emphasis. AT: "I will keep everyone who comes to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/38.md b/jhn/06/38.md index 394f2f9601..f97d7dee0f 100644 --- a/jhn/06/38.md +++ b/jhn/06/38.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# him who sent me -* Jesus continues speaking to the people ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **him who sent me** - "my Father, who sent me" +"my Father, who sent me" + +# I would lose not one of all those + +Here litotes is used to emphasize that Jesus will keep everyone that God gives to him. AT: "I should keep all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/41.md b/jhn/06/41.md index 5919ab1521..1447ba2ffd 100644 --- a/jhn/06/41.md +++ b/jhn/06/41.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +The Jewish leaders interrupt Jesus as he is speaking to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# grumbled -* The Jewish leaders interrupt Jesus as is speaking to the people ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **grumble** - talk unhappily -* **I am the bread** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:35]]. +talked unhappily + +# I am the bread + +Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](./35.md). AT: "I am the one who is like true bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Is not this Jesus ... whose father and mother we know? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders believe that Jesus is no one special. AT: "This is just Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How then does he now say, 'I have come down from heaven'? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus came from heaven. AT: "He is lying when he says that he came from heaven!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/43.md b/jhn/06/43.md index 2bde5b498b..1b74102534 100644 --- a/jhn/06/43.md +++ b/jhn/06/43.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:lastday]] +Jesus continues speaking to the crowd and now also to the Jewish leaders. -## translationNotes +# draws -* Jesus continues speaking to the people and now also to the Jewish leaders ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **draws** - This can mean 1) "pulls" ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:21:04]]) or 2) "attracts" ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:12:32]]) -* **It is written in the prophets** - "The prophets wrote" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can mean 1) "pulls" or 2) "attracts." + +# It is written in the prophets + +This is a passive statement that can be translated in an active form. AT: "The prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me + +The Jews thought Jesus was the "son of Joseph" (See: [John 6:42](./41.md)), but he is the Son of God because his Father is God, not Joseph. Those who truly learn from God the Father believe in Jesus, who is God the Son. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/46.md b/jhn/06/46.md index 65e34e6630..1457915224 100644 --- a/jhn/06/46.md +++ b/jhn/06/46.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] +Jesus now continues speaking to the crowd and the Jewish leaders. -## translationNotes +# Truly, truly -* Jesus now continues speaking to all those listening to him ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# Not that anyone has seen the Father, except he who is from God + +Although no human who is alive on earth has seen God the Father, Jesus, the Son of God, has seen the Father. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# he who believes has eternal life + +God gives "eternal life" to those who trust in Jesus, the Son of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/48.md b/jhn/06/48.md index 30a856061e..f1dd5bf226 100644 --- a/jhn/06/48.md +++ b/jhn/06/48.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am the bread of life -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:manna]] +Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](./35.md). AT: "Just like food that keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life that lasts forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# fathers -* Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **I am the bread of life** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:35]]. +"forefathers" or "ancestors" + +# died + +This refers to physical death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/50.md b/jhn/06/50.md index 4472ec444e..06b6b566c7 100644 --- a/jhn/06/50.md +++ b/jhn/06/50.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the bread -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here "bread" is a metaphor that points to Jesus who is the one who gives spiritual life just as bread sustains physical life. AT: "I am like the true bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# not die -* Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **This is the bread** - See [[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:35]]. -* **living bread** - This can mean 1) the same as "the bread of life" ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:35]]) or 2) "bread that is alive," as people or animals are alive, the opposite of "dead." +"live forever." Here the word "die" refers to spiritual death. + +# living bread + +This means "the bread that causes people to live" ([John 6:35](./35.md)). + +# for the life of the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym that represents the lives of all the people in the world. AT: "that will give life to all the people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/52.md b/jhn/06/52.md index 6b5fa10398..34ababd8cb 100644 --- a/jhn/06/52.md +++ b/jhn/06/52.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Some Jews who are present begin to argue among themselves and Jesus responds to their question. -## translationNotes +# How can this man give us his flesh to eat? -* Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. -* **eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood** - Receiving the Son of Man in faith is like receiving food and drink. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders are reacting negatively to what Jesus has said about "his flesh." AT: "There is no way that this man can give us his flesh to eat!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood + +Here the phrases "eat the flesh" and "drink his blood" are metaphors that show how trusting in Jesus, the Son of Man, is like receiving spiritual food and drink. AT: "receive the Son of Man just like you receive food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will not have life in yourselves + +"you will not receive eternal life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/54.md b/jhn/06/54.md index 37715da5d9..f4e4868e04 100644 --- a/jhn/06/54.md +++ b/jhn/06/54.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him. -## translationNotes +# Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has everlasting life -* Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **true food ... true drink** - Receiving Jesus in faith provides everlasting life the same way food and drink nourish the physical body. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The phrases "eats my flesh" and "drinks my blood" are metaphors. Just as one requires food and drink in order to have physical life, those who trust in Jesus will have spiritual life. AT: "whoever trusts me for their spiritual food and drink will have eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the last day + +"on the day when God judges everyone" + +# my flesh is true food ... my blood is true drink + +The words "true food" and "true drink" are metaphors that mean Jesus provides spiritual food and drink to those who trust in him. Receiving Jesus in faith provides everlasting life the same way food and drink nourish the physical body. AT: "I am truly spiritual food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# remains in me, and I in him + +"has a close relationship with me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/57.md b/jhn/06/57.md index a36e62e952..578d461e42 100644 --- a/jhn/06/57.md +++ b/jhn/06/57.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# so he who eats me -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +"the one who trusts in me" -## translationNotes +# living Father -* Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **living Father** - This can mean 1) "the Father who gives life" (see UDB) or 2) “the Father who is alive,” as people or animals are alive, the opposite of “dead” ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:50]]). +Possible meanings are 1) "the Father who gives life" or 2) "the Father who is alive." + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# This is the bread that has come down from heaven + +The "bread" is a metaphor for Jesus, who has come from heaven. AT: "I am like bread that has come from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He who eats this bread + +This is a metaphor. Those who trust in Jesus for their spiritual life are like those who rely on physical bread or food for their physical lives. AT: "Whoever trusts in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fathers + +"forefathers" or "ancestors" + +# Jesus said these things in the synagogue ... in Capernaum + +Here John gives background information about when this event happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/60.md b/jhn/06/60.md index 9d3e84231e..633564e6fe 100644 --- a/jhn/06/60.md +++ b/jhn/06/60.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] +Some of the disciples ask a question and Jesus responds, as he continues speaking to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# who can accept it? -* Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **Who can accept it?** - "No one can accept it." or "It is unacceptable." -* **Does this offend you?** - AT: "I am surprised that this offends you!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **offend you** - "cause you to give up your faith" or "disgusts you" +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples have difficulty understanding what Jesus has said. AT: "no one can accept it!" or "it is too hard to understand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does this offend you? + +"Does this shock you?" or "Does this upset you?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/62.md b/jhn/06/62.md index 639afbd1ea..4fcf396f85 100644 --- a/jhn/06/62.md +++ b/jhn/06/62.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then what if you should see the Son of Man going up to where he was before? -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus offers this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that his disciples will see other things that are also hard to understand. AT: "Then you will not know what to think when you see me, the Son of Man, going up into heaven!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# profits -* Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **what if you should see the Son of Man ascending to where he was before?** - "Perhaps you will believe my message if you see me, the one who came from heaven, ascending there to where I was before!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **words** - "message." Possible meanings: 1) his words in [[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]] or 2) everything he teaches (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **are spirit, and they are life** - These two words have very similar meanings. AT: "What I have told you brings spiritual life" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +The word "profit" means to cause good things to happen. + +# words + +"Words" is a metonym that could possibly mean: 1) Jesus' words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or 2) everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The words that I have spoken to you + +"What I have told you" + +# are spirit, and they are life + +Possible meanings are 1) "are about the Spirit and eternal life" or 2) "are from the Spirit and give eternal life" or 3) "are about spiritual things and life." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/64.md b/jhn/06/64.md index 7b61210f7b..6b3c68af60 100644 --- a/jhn/06/64.md +++ b/jhn/06/64.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# For Jesus knew from the beginning who were the ones ... who it was who would betray him -* Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:06:32]]). -* **come to me** - "follow me" +Here John gives background information about what Jesus knew would happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# no one can come to me unless it is granted to him by the Father + +Whoever wants to believe must come to God through the Son. Only God the Father allows people to come to Jesus. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# come to me + +"follow me and receive eternal life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/66.md b/jhn/06/66.md index 6b32811906..191a1b4bb1 100644 --- a/jhn/06/66.md +++ b/jhn/06/66.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Lord, to whom shall we go? -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +Simon Peter gives this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that he desires to follow only Jesus. AT: "Lord, we could never follow anyone but you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# his disciples -* **his disciples** - Here "his disciples" refers to the general group of people who followed Jesus. -* **the twelve** - This is a specific group of twelve men who followed Jesus for his entire ministry. This could also be translated "the twelve disciples." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Here "his disciples" refers to the general group of people who followed Jesus. + +# the twelve + +This is an ellipsis for "the twelve disciples," a specific group of twelve men who followed Jesus for his entire ministry. AT: "the twelve disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/70.md b/jhn/06/70.md index 599ec1d462..6c7ccd24ee 100644 --- a/jhn/06/70.md +++ b/jhn/06/70.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +Verse 71 is not part of the main storyline as John comments on what Jesus said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Did not I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil? -* **Did not I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?** - "I chose you all myself, yet one of you is a servant of Satan." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus gives this remark in the form of a question to draw attention to the fact that one of the disciples will betray him. AT: "I chose you all myself, yet one of you is a servant of Satan!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/intro.md b/jhn/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25faaddfe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# John 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Make him king" ##### +While not all scholars agree on the exact reason Jesus did not want to be made king, it is generally agreed that the people did not have the right motivation for making him king. They wanted him to be king because he gave them food. They failed to recognize the truth that he already is the king of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Bread ##### +Jesus uses the imagery of bread in this chapter. Bread's significance can be traced back to the daily provision God provided to Israel in the desert for 40 years and the events of the Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +##### "I am ... " ##### +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name Yahweh at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Gives to me ... comes to me" ##### +These phrases are used to mean that many will "come to believe in Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "Eat my flesh and drink my blood" ##### +This should clearly be seen as a metaphor. It is a reference to the practice instituted during Jesus' last meal when Jesus used bread and wine to represent his flesh and blood. This is a reference to Jesus' death for sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Parenthetical Ideas ##### +Several times in this passage, John explains something or gives the reader some context to better understand the story. These explanation are intended to give the reader some additional knowledge without interrupting the flow of the narrative. The information is placed inside parentheses. + +##### "Son of Man, Son" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. It may not be possible in every language to have someone speaking in the first person to refer to themselves in the third person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/01.md b/jhn/07/01.md index 55dee8f261..89f27845da 100644 --- a/jhn/07/01.md +++ b/jhn/07/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus is in Galilee speaking to his brothers. These verses tell about when this event occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# After these things +"After he finished speaking with the disciples" (See: [John 6:66-71](../06/66.md)) or "Some time later" + +# traveled + +"walked" + +# the Jews were seeking to kill him + +Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." AT: "the Jewish leaders were making plans to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Now the Jewish Festival of Shelters was near + +"Now the time for the festival of the Jews was near" or "Now it was almost time for the Jewish festival of Shelters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/03.md b/jhn/07/03.md index e21f60c0e7..659e655f5c 100644 --- a/jhn/07/03.md +++ b/jhn/07/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:disciple]] +This refers to the actual younger brothers of Jesus, the sons of Mary and Joseph. -## translationNotes +# the works that you do -* **the world** - "all people" or "everyone." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "works" refers to the miracles that Jesus had performed. + +# he himself + +The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that emphasizes the word "he." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world. AT: "all people" or "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/05.md b/jhn/07/05.md index bdac36cbc6..6a7de9a27d 100644 --- a/jhn/07/05.md +++ b/jhn/07/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For even his brothers did not believe in him -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +This sentence is a break from the main storyline as John tells us some background information about the brothers of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# his brothers +"his younger brothers" + +# My time has not yet come + +The word "time" is a metonym. Jesus is implying that it is not the right time for him to bring his ministry to a close. AT: "It is not the right time for me to end my work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your time is always ready + +"any time is good for you" + +# The world cannot hate you + +Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. AT: "All the people in the world cannot hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I testify about it that its works are evil + +"I tell them that what they are doing is evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/08.md b/jhn/07/08.md index c648d6ba96..7b6fa8df34 100644 --- a/jhn/07/08.md +++ b/jhn/07/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] +Jesus continues speaking to his brothers. -## translationNotes +# my time has not yet been fulfilled -* **you** - plural (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Here Jesus is implying that if he goes to Jerusalem, he will bring his work to an end. AT: "It is not the right time for me to go to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/10.md b/jhn/07/10.md index 825f18b3d0..b243837656 100644 --- a/jhn/07/10.md +++ b/jhn/07/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +The setting of the story has changed, Jesus and his brothers are now at the festival. -## translationNotes +# when his brothers had gone up to the festival -* **he also went up** - Jerusalem is at a higher elevation. +These "brothers" were the younger brothers of Jesus. + +# he also went up + +Jerusalem is at a higher elevation than Galilee where Jesus and his brothers were previously. + +# not publicly but in secret + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The idea is repeated for emphasis. AT: "very secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# The Jews were looking for him + +Here the word "Jews"is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." The word "him" refers to Jesus. AT: "The Jewish leaders were looking for Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/12.md b/jhn/07/12.md index 19dee70b0f..3703c21aff 100644 --- a/jhn/07/12.md +++ b/jhn/07/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# fear -* [[en:tw:fear]] +This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. -## translationNotes +# the Jews +The word "Jews" is a synecdoche for the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/14.md b/jhn/07/14.md index 1989102b01..2685c62069 100644 --- a/jhn/07/14.md +++ b/jhn/07/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Jesus is now teaching the Jews in the temple. -## translationNotes +# How does this man know so much? -* **How does this man know so much?** - "He cannot possibly know so much about the scriptures!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **is of him who sent me** - The word "him" refers to God the Father. +The remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the Jewish leaders' surprise that Jesus has so much knowledge. AT: "He cannot possibly know so much about the scriptures!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# but is of him who sent me + +"but comes from God, the one who sent me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/17.md b/jhn/07/17.md index ca67247fd6..ec16cf65c2 100644 --- a/jhn/07/17.md +++ b/jhn/07/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Jesus continues speaking to the Jews. -## translationNotes +# but whoever seeks the glory of him who sent him, that person is true, and there is no unrighteousness in him -* **but whoever seeks the glory of the one who sent him, that person is true, and there is no unrighteousness in him.** - "But I am doing things so that others will honor the one who sent me, and I am someone who speaks the truth. I never lie." +"when a person only seeks to honor the one who sent him, that person is speaking the truth. He does not lie" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/19.md b/jhn/07/19.md index 3358ddcf95..3fdcb5a39b 100644 --- a/jhn/07/19.md +++ b/jhn/07/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +Jesus continues speaking to the Jews. -## translationNotes +# Did not Moses give you the law? -* **Did not Moses give you the law?** - "It was Moses who gave you the law." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why do you want to kill me? ** - "You are trying to kill me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **You have a demon** - "You are crazy!" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Who wants to kill you? ** - "No one is trying to kill you!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "It was Moses who gave you the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# keeps the law + +"obeys the law" + +# Why do you seek to kill me? + +Jesus questions the motives of the Jewish leaders who want to kill him for breaking the law of Moses. He implies that the leaders themselves do not keep that same Law. AT: "You break the Law yourselves and yet you want to kill me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You have a demon + +"This shows that you are crazy, or maybe a demon is controlling you!" + +# Who seeks to kill you? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "No one is trying to kill you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/21.md b/jhn/07/21.md index b4290d43bf..61ebec4bfd 100644 --- a/jhn/07/21.md +++ b/jhn/07/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# one work -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +"one miracle" or "one sign" -## translationNotes +# you all marvel -* **one work** - "one miracle" or "one sign" -* **(not that it is from Moses, but from the ancestors)** - Here the author provides additional information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +"you all are shocked" + +# not that it is from Moses, but from the ancestors + +Here John provides additional information about circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# on the Sabbath you circumcise a man + +Jesus implies that the act of circumcision also involves work. AT: "you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath. That is working too!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on the Sabbath + +"on the Jewish Day of Rest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/23.md b/jhn/07/23.md index 7e65ff77be..d1c3a514e6 100644 --- a/jhn/07/23.md +++ b/jhn/07/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses is not broken -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"If you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath so that you do not break the law of Moses" -## translationNotes +# why are you angry with me because I made a man completely healthy on the Sabbath? -* **why are you angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath** - "You should not be angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "you should not be angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# on the Sabbath + +"on the Jewish Day of Rest?" + +# Do not judge according to appearance, but judge righteously + +Jesus implies that the people should not decide what is right, based only on what they can see. Behind the action is a motive that cannot be seen. AT: "Stop judging people according to what you see! Be more concerned with what is right according to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/25.md b/jhn/07/25.md index bd72d14547..331b1436a8 100644 --- a/jhn/07/25.md +++ b/jhn/07/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Is not this the one they seek to kill? -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "This is Jesus whom they are seeking to kill!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# they say nothing to him -* **Is not this he whom they seek to kill?** - "This is Jesus whom they are seeking to kill." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This implies that the Jewish leaders are not opposing Jesus. AT: "they say nothing to oppose him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It cannot be that the rulers indeed know that this is the Christ, can it? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "Maybe they have decided that he is truly the Messiah!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/28.md b/jhn/07/28.md index 0c37482af8..18f0f3a41e 100644 --- a/jhn/07/28.md +++ b/jhn/07/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# cried out -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"spoke in a loud voice" -## translationNotes +# in the temple -* **you both know me and know where I come from** - you-plural (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **he who sent me is true** - "He who sent me is a true witness." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Jesus and the people were actually in the courtyard of the temple. AT: "in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You both know me and know where I come from + +John uses irony in this statement. The people believe that Jesus is from Nazareth. They do not know that God sent him from heaven and that he was born in Bethlehem. AT: "You all know me and you think you know where I come from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# of myself + +"on my own authority." See how you translated "of himself" in [John 5:19](../05/19.md). + +# he who sent me is true + +"God is the one who sent me and he is true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/30.md b/jhn/07/30.md index c6fc9cd2c0..a6b55b8722 100644 --- a/jhn/07/30.md +++ b/jhn/07/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# his hour had not yet come -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +The word "hour" is a metonym that represents the right time for Jesus to be arrested, according to God's plan. AT: "it was not the right time to arrest him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# When the Christ comes, will he do more signs than what this one has done? -* **When the Christ comes, will he do more signs than what this man has done ** - "When the Christ comes, he will not be able to do more signs than this man has done." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "When the Christ comes, surely he will not be able to do more signs than this man has done!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# signs + +This refers to the miracles that prove that Jesus is the Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/33.md b/jhn/07/33.md index fc5a98faa6..91725378ae 100644 --- a/jhn/07/33.md +++ b/jhn/07/33.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am still with you for a short amount of time +"I will remain with you for only a short period of time" -## translationNotes +# then I go to him who sent me +Here Jesus refers to God the Father, who sent him. + +# where I go, you will not be able to come + +"you will not be able to come to the place where I am" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/35.md b/jhn/07/35.md index 4166245524..a3d6edb453 100644 --- a/jhn/07/35.md +++ b/jhn/07/35.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The Jews therefore said among themselves -* [[en:tw:dispersion]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +The "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. AT: "The Jewish leaders said among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the dispersion +This refers to the Jews that were spread all across the Greek world, outside of Palestine. + +# What is this word that he said + +This "word" is a metonym which stands for the meaning of the message that Jesus had shared, which the Jewish leaders had failed to understand. AT: "What is he talking about when he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/37.md b/jhn/07/37.md index 1d0c24317b..506fb56edf 100644 --- a/jhn/07/37.md +++ b/jhn/07/37.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Some time has passed. It is now the last day of the festival and Jesus speaks to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# great day -* **Now** - The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. -* **great day** - It is "great" because it is the last, or most-important day of the festival. -* **If anyone is thirsty** - desire for the things of God, just as one desires or "thirsts" for water. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **let him come to me and drink** - The word "him" refers to "anyone." The word "drink" here represents finding spiritual fulfillment in Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the Scripture** - "Scripture" stands for the Messianic prophecies concerning Christ. This is not a direct quote from any one Old Testament passage. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **flow rivers of living water** - Christ will provide relief for spiritually "thirsty" people in a great amount that flows out helping everyone around. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **living water** - This means 1) "water that gives life" or "water that causes people to live" (UDB) or 2) natural water that flows from a spring, as opposed to water that needs to be taken from a well (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). +It is "great" because it is the last, or most important, day of the festival. + +# If anyone is thirsty + +Here the word "thirsty" is a metaphor that means one's great desire for the things of God, just as one "thirsts" for water. AT: "Those who desire the things of God like a thirty man desires water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let him come to me and drink + +The word "drink" is a metaphor that means to receive the spiritual life that Jesus provides. AT: "let him come to me and quench his spiritual thirst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He who believes in me, just as the scripture says + +"As the scripture says about anyone who believes in me" + +# rivers of living water will flow + +The "rivers of living water" is a metaphor that represents the life that Jesus provides for those who are spiritually "thirsty." AT: "spiritual life will flow like rivers of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# living water + +Possible meanings are 1) "water that gives life" or 2) "water that causes people to live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from his stomach + +Here the stomach represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. AT: "from inside of him" or "from his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/39.md b/jhn/07/39.md index ca5e2b9c45..d20f61a8d2 100644 --- a/jhn/07/39.md +++ b/jhn/07/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] +In this verse the author gives information to clarify what Jesus is talking about. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# But he -* **But he** - "he" refers to Jesus +Here "he" refers to Jesus. + +# the Spirit had not yet been given + +John implies that the Spirit would later come to live in those who trusted Jesus. AT: "the Spirit had not yet come to live in the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because Jesus was not yet glorified + +Here the word "glorified" refers to the time when God would honor the Son after his death and resurrection. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/40.md b/jhn/07/40.md index 05a15f2ab1..6e31977b4d 100644 --- a/jhn/07/40.md +++ b/jhn/07/40.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# This is indeed the prophet -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +By saying this, the people are indicating that they believe Jesus is the prophet like Moses that God had promised to send. AT: "This is indeed the prophet who is like Moses that we have been waiting for!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Does the Christ come from Galilee? -* **What, does the Christ come from Galilee?** - "The Christ cannot come from Galilee" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Have not the Scriptures said that the Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was? ** - "The Scriptures teach that Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Have not the Scriptures said** - "The prophets wrote in the Scriptures" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "The Christ cannot come from Galilee!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have the scriptures not said that the Christ will come from the descendants of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "The scriptures teach that Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have the scriptures not said + +The scriptures are referred to as if they were actually speaking as a person speaks. AT: "The prophets wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# where David was + +"where David lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/43.md b/jhn/07/43.md index 175e0cb9b6..0f860692ea 100644 --- a/jhn/07/43.md +++ b/jhn/07/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# So there arose a division in the crowds because of him +The crowds could not agree about who or what Jesus was. -## translationNotes +# but no one laid hands on him -* **arose a division** - the crowds could not agree about who or what Jesus was. -* **but no one laid hands on him** - "but no one took hold of him" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +To lay hands on someone is an idiom which means to grab him or to hold onto him. AT: "but no one grabbed him to arrest him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/45.md b/jhn/07/45.md index 41c18b7437..f9cdc7f8b6 100644 --- a/jhn/07/45.md +++ b/jhn/07/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# officers -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +"temple guards" -## translationNotes +# Never has anyone spoken like this -* **officers** - refers to Temple guards -* **Why did you not bring him** - "You" here refers to the Temple guards. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) +The officers exaggerate to show how impressed they are by what Jesus said. You may need to make explicit that the officer were not claiming to know everything that every person in all times and places had ever said. "We have never heard anyone say such amazing things as this man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/47.md b/jhn/07/47.md index 2427505cc6..0408771eaf 100644 --- a/jhn/07/47.md +++ b/jhn/07/47.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So the Pharisees -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:law]] +"Because they said that, the Pharisees" -## translationNotes +# answered them -* **"The Pharisees therefore answered them"** - "them" references the temple officers -* **"Have you also been led astray?"** - "you have been led astray too." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **"led astray"** - deceived -* **"Have any of the rulers believed in him, or any of the Pharisees?** - "None of the rulers or Pharisees have believed in him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"answered the officers" + +# Have you also been deceived? + +The remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. The Pharisees are shocked at the response of the officers. AT: "You have been deceived too!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have any of the rulers believed in him, or any of the Pharisees? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "None of the rulers or Pharisees have believed in him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the law + +This is a reference to the law of the Pharisees and not the law of Moses. + +# But this crowd that does not know the law, they are cursed + +"As for this crowd that does not know the law, God will cause them to perish!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/50.md b/jhn/07/50.md index 309766e5b6..7f8a07cafc 100644 --- a/jhn/07/50.md +++ b/jhn/07/50.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# one of the Pharisees, who came to him earlier -* [[en:tw:judge]] +John provides this information to remind us of who Nicodemus is. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Does our law judge a man ... what he does? -* **our law judge a man** - Nicodemus means that those who follow the law do not judge a man before a trial. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Does our law judge a man..?** - "Our Jewish law does not allow us to judge a man..." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are you also from Galilee?** - "You must also be one of those inferior persons from Galilee!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Our Jewish law does not allow us to judge a man ... what he does!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does our law judge a man + +Here Nicodemus speaks of the law as if it were a person. If this is not natural in your language, you may translate it with a personal subject. AT: "Do we judge a man" or "we do not judge a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Are you also from Galilee? + +The Jewish leaders know that Nicodemus is not from Galilee. They ask this question as a way of scoffing at him. AT: "You must also be one of those inferior persons from Galilee!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Search and see + +This is an ellipsis. You may wish to include the information that does not appear. AT: "Search carefully and read what is written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# no prophet comes from Galilee + +This probably refers to the belief that Jesus was born in Galilee. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/53.md b/jhn/07/53.md index d774a31a61..eca291ee5f 100644 --- a/jhn/07/53.md +++ b/jhn/07/53.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* **7:53 - 8:11** - 8:11** - Some early texts do not have these verses. The ULB has set them apart in square brackets ([ ]) to show that John probably did not write them. Translators are encouraged to translate them, to set them apart with square brackets, and to include a footnote at the end like the one written on [[en:bible:notes:jhn:08:09]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_textvariants]]) -* **every man** - This refers to all the men mentioned in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:07:45]]. +The best early texts do not have 7:53 - 8:11. The ULB has set them apart in square brackets ([ ]) to show that John probably did not include them in his original text. Translators are encouraged to translate them, to set them apart with square brackets, and to include a footnote at the end like the one written on [John 8:11](../08/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/intro.md b/jhn/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..78b0b67050 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# John 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This whole chapter revolves around the concept of believing Jesus to be the Messiah. Some people believed this to be true while others rejected it. Some were willing to recognize his power and even the possibility that he was a prophet, but most were unwilling to believe that he was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +Translators may wish to include a note at verse 53 to explain to the reader why they have chosen or chosen not to translate verses 7:53-8:11. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "My time has not yet come" ##### +This phrase and "his hour had not yet come" are used in this chapter to indicate that Jesus is in control of the events unfolding in his life. + +##### "Living water" ##### +This is an important image used in the New Testament. It is a metaphor. Because this metaphor is given in a desert environment, it probably emphasizes that Jesus is able to give life sustaining nourishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +Jesus gives a prophecy about his life without an explicit statement in John [John 7:33-34](./33.md). + +##### Irony ##### +Nicodemus explains to the other Pharisees that the Law requires him to hear directly from a person before making a judgment about them. The Pharisees in turn made a judgment about Jesus without speaking to Jesus. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Did not believe in him" ##### +Jesus' brothers did not believe Jesus was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### "The Jews" ##### +This term is used in two different ways in this passage. It is used specifically in reference to the opposition of the Jewish leaders who were trying to kill him ([John 7:1](./01.md)). It is also used in reference to the people of Judea in general who had a positive opinion of Jesus ([John 7:13](./12.md)). The translator may wish to use the terms "Jewish leaders" and "Jewish people" or "Jews (leaders)" and "Jews (in general)." + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/01.md b/jhn/08/01.md index da65aa83bd..43e6314e0b 100644 --- a/jhn/08/01.md +++ b/jhn/08/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Verse 1 tells us where Jesus went at the end of the previous chapter. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **7:53 - 8:11** - 8:11** - Some early texts have these verses, but others do not. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_textvariants]]) -* **all the people** - "many people" -* **a woman caught in the act of adultery** - "a woman that they had found committing adultery" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them. + +# General Information: + +The next part of the story begins in verse 2 as Jesus has returned to the temple. + +# all the people + +This is a general way of speaking. It means "many people." + +# The scribes and the Pharisees brought + +Here the phrase "the scribes and the Pharisees" is a synecdoche that represents some of the members of these two groups. AT: "Some scribes and Pharisees brought" or "Some men who taught the Jewish laws and some who were Pharisees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a woman caught in the act of adultery + +This is a passive statement. You may translate it in an active form. AT: "a woman whom they had found committing adultery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/04.md b/jhn/08/04.md index 9676d94938..9f5f1d3d42 100644 --- a/jhn/08/04.md +++ b/jhn/08/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -## translationNotes +# such people -* **7:53 - 8:11** - 8:11** - Some early texts have these verses, but others do not. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_textvariants]]) -* **such persons** - "people like that" or "people who do that" -* **Now in the law** - "Now" introduces background information that Jesus and the Jewish authorities understood. -* **what do you say about her?** - This can also be translated as a command. "So you tell us. What should we do about her?" -* **to trap him** - "to trick him." This means to use a trick question. -* **so that they might have something to accuse him about** - What they would accuse him of can be made explicit: "so that they could accuse him of saying something wrong" or "so that they could accuse him of not obeying the law of Moses or not obeying the Roman law." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"people like that" or "people who do that" + +# what do you say about her? + +"So you tell us. What should we do about her?" + +# to trap him + +This means to use a trick question. + +# so that they might have something to accuse him about + +What they would accuse him of can be made explicit. AT: "so that they could accuse him of saying something wrong" or "so that they could accuse him of not obeying the law of Moses or the Roman law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/07.md b/jhn/08/07.md index 41ea7ced09..79bdd3c6ae 100644 --- a/jhn/08/07.md +++ b/jhn/08/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sin]] +While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them. -## translationNotes +# When they continued -* **7:53 - 8:11** - 8:11** - Some early texts have these verses, but others do not. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_textvariants]]) -* **When they continued** - The word "they" refers to the scribes and Pharisees. (See [[en:bible:notes:jhn:08:01]]) -* **He who is without sin among you** - "If any of you is without sin" or "If any one of you has never sinned" -* **among you** - Jesus was speaking to the scribes and Pharisees, and probably the crowd of people too. -* **let him** - "let that person" -* **he stooped down** - "he bent over to reach the ground with his finger" +The word "they" refers to the scribes and Pharisees. + +# The one among you who has no sin + +The abstract noun "sin" can be expressed with the verb sin. AT: "The one among you is has never sinned" or "If any one of you has never sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# let him + +"let that person" + +# he stooped down + +"he bent down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/09.md b/jhn/08/09.md index af1a71649a..da6048da20 100644 --- a/jhn/08/09.md +++ b/jhn/08/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them. -## translationNotes +# one by one -* **7:53 - 8:11** - 8:11** - Some early texts have these verses, but others do not. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_textvariants]]) -* **one by one** - "one after another" -* **Woman, where are your accusers** - When Jesus called her "woman," he was not putting her down or making her feel small. If people would think that he was doing that, this could be translated without the word "Woman." +"one after another" + +# Woman, where are your accusers + +When Jesus called her "woman," he was not trying to make her feel insignificant. If people in your language group would think that he was doing that, this can be translated without the word "Woman." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/12.md b/jhn/08/12.md index 12b217d5a3..bfa1a3fbda 100644 --- a/jhn/08/12.md +++ b/jhn/08/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus is speaking to a crowd near the treasury in the temple. -## translationNotes +# I am the light of the world -* **I am the light of the world** - "I am the one who gives light to the world." This means Jesus brings God's true message to the world and rescues people from the darkness of their sin. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the world** - AT: "the people of the world" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he who follows me** - "Everyone who follows me." This is a figurative way of saying "Everyone who does what I teach" or "Everyone who obeys me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **will not walk in the darkness** - "Walking in darkness" is a figurative way of talking about living sinfully. AT: "will not live as if he were in darkness" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you bear witness about yourself** - "You are just saying these things about yourself" -* **your witness is not true** - "your witness is not valid." "You cannot be your own witness" or "What you say about yourself may not be true." +Here the "light" is a metaphor for the revelation that comes from God. AT: "I am the one who gives light to the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the world + +This is a metonym for the people. AT: "the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he who follows me + +This is an idiom that means "everyone who does what I teach" or "everyone who obeys me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will not walk in the darkness + +To "walk in darkness" is a metaphor for living a sinful life. AT: "will not live as if he were in the darkness of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# light of life + +The "light of life" is a metaphor for the truth from God that gives spiritual life. AT: "truth that brings eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You bear witness about yourself + +"You are just saying these things about yourself" + +# your witness is not true + +The Pharisees are implying that the witness of only one person is not true because it cannot be verified. AT: "you cannot be your own witness" or "what you say about yourself may not be true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/14.md b/jhn/08/14.md index 4eb4594cbb..2d6f863cd9 100644 --- a/jhn/08/14.md +++ b/jhn/08/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Even if I bear witness about myself -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"Even if I say these things about myself" -## translationNotes +# the flesh -* **Even if I bear witness about myself** - "Even if I say these things about myself" -* **the flesh** - "human standards and the laws of men" (UDB) -* **I judge no one** - Possible meanings are 1) "I do not judge anyone yet" or 2) "I am not judging anyone now." -* **if I judge** - "if I judge people." Possible meanings are 1) "when I judge people" (sometime in the future) or 2) "whenever I judge people" (now) or 3) if I judge people" (now). -* **my judgment is true** - Possible meanings are 1) "my judgment will be right" or 2) "my judgement is right" -* **I am not alone** - The implied information is that he is not alone in his judgment. Alternate translation: "I am not alone in how I judge" or "I do not judge alone." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I am with the Father** - the Father also judges along with me" or "the Father judges as I do." -* **the Father who sent me** - The phrase "who sent me" tells something more about the Father. Alternate translation: "The Father is the one who sent me." (See the section on clauses in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]].) +"human standards and the laws of men" + +# I judge no one + +Possible meanings are 1) "I do not judge anyone yet" or 2) "I am not judging anyone now." + +# if I judge + +Possible meanings are 1) "if I judge people" or 2) "whenever I judge people" + +# my judgment is true + +Possible meanings are 1) "my judgment will be right" or 2) "my judgment is right." + +# I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent me + +Jesus, the Son of God, has authority because of his special relationship with his Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I am not alone + +The implied information is that Jesus is not alone in his judgment. AT: "I am not alone in how I judge" or "I do not judge alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am with the Father + +The Father and the Son judge together. AT: "the Father also judges with me" or "the Father judges as I do." + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say "my Father" since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/17.md b/jhn/08/17.md index 0421298381..2565c40c15 100644 --- a/jhn/08/17.md +++ b/jhn/08/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Jesus continues speaking to the Pharisees and other people about himself. -## translationNotes +# Yes, and in your law -* Jesus continues speaking to the Pharisees and other people about himself. -* **Yes, and in your law** - The word "yes" shows that Jesus is adding to what he was saying before. -* **it is written** - "Moses wrote" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the testimony of two men is true** - "if two men say the same thing, people can know that it is true." -* **I am he who bears witness about myself** - "I bear witness about myself" or "I am bringing evidence to you about myself" (UDB) +The word "Yes" shows that Jesus is adding to what he was saying before. + +# it is written + +This is a passive phrase. You may translate it in an active form with a personal subject. AT: "Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the testimony of two men is true + +The logic implied here is that one person can verify the words of another. AT: "if two men say the same thing, then people know it is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am he who bears witness about myself + +Jesus bears witness about himself. AT: "I give evidence to you about myself" + +# the Father who sent me bears witness about me + +The Father also bears witness about Jesus. You could make it explicit that this means Jesus' testimony is true. AT: "my Father who sent me also brings evidence about me. So you should believe that what we tell you is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say "my Father" since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/19.md b/jhn/08/19.md index 9dac1b8656..f1a4296586 100644 --- a/jhn/08/19.md +++ b/jhn/08/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +In verse 20 there is a break in Jesus' speaking where the author give us background information regarding where Jesus had been teaching. Some languages may require the information about the setting to be placed at the beginning of this part of the story in [John 8:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# You know neither me nor my Father; if you had known me, you would have known my Father also +Jesus indicates that to know him is to also know the Father. Both Father and Son are God. "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# his hour had not yet come + +The word "hour" is a metonym for the time for Jesus to die. AT: "it was not yet the right time for Jesus to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/21.md b/jhn/08/21.md index 231f6e4335..cd26d33376 100644 --- a/jhn/08/21.md +++ b/jhn/08/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# die in your sin -* **die in your sin** - "die while you are still sinful" or "you will die while you are sinning" -* **you cannot come** - "you are not able to come" -* **Will he kill himself, he who said** - This can be translated as two separate questions. "Will he kill himself? Is that why he said" +Here the word "die" refers to spiritual death. AT: "die while you are still sinful" or "you will die while you are sinning." + +# you cannot come + +"you are not able to come" + +# The Jews said + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." AT: "The Jewish leaders said" or "The Jewish authorities said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/23.md b/jhn/08/23.md index 91f443307a..f1357cbbf1 100644 --- a/jhn/08/23.md +++ b/jhn/08/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You are from below -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"You were born in this world" -## translationNotes +# I am from above -* Jesus responds to what the people asked him. -* **unless you believe that I AM, you will die** - "if you do not believe that I AM, you will die" -* **that I AM** - "that I am God" (UDB). +"I came from heaven" + +# You are of this world + +"You belong to this world" + +# I am not of this world + +"I do not belong to this world" + +# you will die in your sins + +"you will die without God's forgiving your sins" + +# that I AM + +Possible meanings are that 1) Jesus was identifying himself as Yahweh, which means "I am" or 2) Jesus expected the people to understand that he was referring to what he already said he was: "I am from above." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/25.md b/jhn/08/25.md index ac11d79231..97339c7169 100644 --- a/jhn/08/25.md +++ b/jhn/08/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They said -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +The word "They" refers to the Jewish leaders. (See: [John 8:22](./21.md)) -## translationNotes +# these things I say to the world -* **They said** - The word "they" refers to the Jewish leaders. (See: [[en:bible:notes:jhn:08:21]]) -* **the Father** - "his Father" +Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. AT: "these things I say to all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Father + +This is a special title for God. Some languages may require the use of a possessive before the noun. AT: "his Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/28.md b/jhn/08/28.md index 0311f0a785..5c21f0ab0e 100644 --- a/jhn/08/28.md +++ b/jhn/08/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When you have lifted up -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This refers to placing Jesus on the cross to kill him. -## translationNotes +# Son of Man -* **When you have lifted up** - "When you lift up." This had not happened yet. -* **As the Father taught me** - "In the same way that the Father taught me" -* **He who sent me** - The word "he" refers to the Father. -* **As Jesus was saying"** - "While Jesus was saying" +Jesus used the title "Son of Man" to refer to himself. + +# I AM + +As God the Son, Jesus knows God the Father unlike anyone else. Possible meanings are 1) Jesus was identifying himself as Yahweh by saying, "I am God" or 2) Jesus was saying, "I am the one I claim to be." + +# As the Father taught me, I speak these things + +"I am only saying what my Father taught me to say." The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# He who sent me + +The word "He" refers to God. + +# As Jesus was saying these things + +"As Jesus spoke these words" + +# many believed in him + +"many people trusted him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/31.md b/jhn/08/31.md index 8baf932021..4b4362a585 100644 --- a/jhn/08/31.md +++ b/jhn/08/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# remain in my word -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This is an idiom that means "to obey Jesus." AT: "obey what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# my disciples -* **remain in my word** - "obey what I have said." (See: [[en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:idiom]]) -* **the truth will set you free ** - "If you obey the truth, God will set you free." +"my followers" + +# the truth will set you free + +This is personification. Jesus speaks of "the truth" as if it were a person. AT: "if you obey the truth, God will set you free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the truth + +This refers to what Jesus reveals about God. AT: "what is true about God." + +# how can you say, 'You will be set free'? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jewish leaders' shock at what Jesus has said. AT: "We do not need to be set free!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/34.md b/jhn/08/34.md index 8901d1428d..88d5c82096 100644 --- a/jhn/08/34.md +++ b/jhn/08/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly, truly -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -## translationNotes +# is the slave of sin -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. -* **is slave of sin** - "is like a slave to sin." This implies that sin is like the person's slave master. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in the house** - "in the household" -* **if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed** - According to their customs the oldest son could set a slave in his household free. In the same way the Son of God can set people free. +Here the word "slave" is a metaphor. This implies that "sin" is like a master for the one who sins. AT: "is like a slave to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the house + +Here "house" is a metonym for "family." AT: "as a permanent member of a family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the son remains forever + +This is an ellipsis. You may translate it by including the implied words. AT: "the son is a member of the family forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# if the Son sets you free, you will be truly free + +Only Jesus, as the Son of God, can truly set people free. AT: "if you allow me to set you free, you will truly be free." + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/37.md b/jhn/08/37.md index 944472a621..8f77ad8854 100644 --- a/jhn/08/37.md +++ b/jhn/08/37.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus continues speaking to the Jews. -## translationNotes +# my word has no place in you -* ** my word** - my teachings (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" or "message" of Jesus, which the Jewish leaders do not accept. AT: "you do not accept my teachings" or "you do not allow my message to change your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I say what I have seen with my Father + +"I am telling you about the things I saw when I was with my Father" + +# you also do what you heard from your father + +The Jewish leaders do not understand that by "your father" Jesus is referring to the devil. AT: "you also continue doing what your father has told you to do." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/39.md b/jhn/08/39.md index 8945f03ca5..20b7aa713f 100644 --- a/jhn/08/39.md +++ b/jhn/08/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# father -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"forefather" -## translationNotes +# Abraham did not do this -* **Abraham did not do this** - AT: "Abraham never tried to kill anyone who told him the truth from God." +"Abraham never tried to kill anyone who told him the true revelation from God" + +# You do the works of your father + +Jesus implies that their father is the devil. AT: "No! You are doing the things that your real father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# We were not born in sexual immorality + +Here the Jewish leaders imply that Jesus does not know who his real father is. AT: "We do not know about you, but we are not illegitimate children" or "We were all born from proper marriages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we have one Father: God + +Here the Jewish leaders claim God as their spiritual Father. This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/42.md b/jhn/08/42.md index 8a182c33bd..6de927cb87 100644 --- a/jhn/08/42.md +++ b/jhn/08/42.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# love -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +This is the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others (including those who are our enemies), even when it does not benefit oneself. -## translationNotes +# Why do you not understand my words? -* **Why do you not understand my words?"** - Jesus is using this question mainly to rebuke the Jewish leaders for not listening to him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus is using this question mainly to rebuke the Jewish leaders for not listening to him. AT: "I will tell you why you do not understand what I say!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It is because you cannot hear my words + +Here "words" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. AT: "It is because you will not accept my teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You are of your father, the devil + +"You belong to your father, Satan" + +# the father of lies + +Here "father" is a metaphor for the one who originates all lies. AT: "he is the one who created all lies in the beginning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/45.md b/jhn/08/45.md index 9195aba4ab..7718f42b67 100644 --- a/jhn/08/45.md +++ b/jhn/08/45.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Jesus continues speaking to the Jews. -## translationNotes +# because I speak the truth -* **Which one of you convicts me of sin?** - "None of you can convict me of sin." Jesus asks this question to emphasize that he is sinless. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **why do you not believe me?** - "You have no reason for not believing in me." Jesus uses this question to rebuke the Jewish leaders for their unbelief. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"because I tell you true things about God" + +# Which one of you convicts me of sin? + +Jesus uses this question to emphasize that he has never sinned. AT: "None of you can show that I have ever sinned!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If I speak the truth + +"If I say things that are true" + +# why do you not believe me? + +Jesus uses this question to scold the Jewish leaders for their unbelief. AT: "you have no reason for not believing in me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the words of God + +Here "words" is a metonym for the "message" of God. AT: "the message of God" or "the truth that comes from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/48.md b/jhn/08/48.md index b737920d6d..e5e568ed7f 100644 --- a/jhn/08/48.md +++ b/jhn/08/48.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The Jews -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +The "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: "The Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Do we not truly say that you are a Samaritan and have a demon? +The Jewish leaders use this question to accuse Jesus and to dishonor him. AT: "We are certainly right in saying that you are a Samaritan and that a demon lives in you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/50.md b/jhn/08/50.md index 4daa88fcf8..de2634790e 100644 --- a/jhn/08/50.md +++ b/jhn/08/50.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +Jesus continues answering the Jews. -## translationNotes +# there is one seeking and judging -* **keeps my word** - "obeys what I say" +This refers to God. + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 01:51](../01/49.md). + +# keeps my word + +Here "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. AT: "obeys my teachings" or "does what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# see death + +This is an idiom that means to experience death. Here Jesus is referring to spiritual death. AT: "die spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/52.md b/jhn/08/52.md index d2a4e0afcb..ae23f28dc1 100644 --- a/jhn/08/52.md +++ b/jhn/08/52.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jews -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Here "Jews" is a metonym for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: "Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# taste death +This is an idiom that means to experience death. The Jewish leaders mistakenly assume that Jesus is speaking only about physical death. AT: "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You are not greater than our father Abraham who died, are you? + +The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that Jesus is not greater than Abraham. AT: "You are certainly not greater than our father Abraham who indeed died!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# father + +"forefather" + +# Who do you make yourself out to be? + +The Jews use this question to rebuke Jesus for thinking that he is more important than Abraham. AT: "You should not think that you are so important!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/54.md b/jhn/08/54.md index 937357d067..759d9c5c21 100644 --- a/jhn/08/54.md +++ b/jhn/08/54.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# it is my Father who glorifies me—about whom you say that he is your God -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +The word "Father" is an important title for God. No one knows God the Father like Jesus, the Son of God. AT: "it is my Father who honors me, and you say that he is your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# keep his word +Here "word" is a metonym for what God says. AT: "I obey what he says to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my day + +This is a metonym for what Jesus would accomplish during his life. AT: "what I would do during my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he saw it and was glad + +"he foresaw my coming through God's revelation and he rejoiced" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/57.md b/jhn/08/57.md index 20cee746ec..7fd4720161 100644 --- a/jhn/08/57.md +++ b/jhn/08/57.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus speaking with the Jews in the temple, which began in [John 8:12](./12.md). -## translationNotes +# The Jews said to him -* **You are not yet fifty years old, and have you seen Abraham?** - "You are less than fifty years old. You couldn't have seen Abraham." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. +Here the "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: "The Jewish leaders said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham? + +The Jewish leaders use this question to express their shock that Jesus claims to have seen Abraham. AT: "You are less than fifty years old. You could not have seen Abraham!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# before Abraham was, I AM + +As God the Son, Jesus knows God the Father unlike anyone else. Possible meanings are 1) Jesus was identifying himself as Yahweh by saying, "I am God" or 2) Jesus was saying, "before Abraham existed, I existed." + +# Then they picked up stones to throw at him + +The Jewish leaders are outraged at what Jesus has said. Here it is implied that they wanted to kill him because he had made himself equal to God. AT: "Then they picked up stones to kill him because he claimed to be equal with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/intro.md b/jhn/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5bec616198 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# John 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Translators may wish to include a note at verse 1 to explain to the reader why they have chosen to or chosen not to translate verses 8:1-11. Because this is a controversial passage, it is best not to build theological conclusions from this passage. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Light ##### +Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +##### "I am ... " ##### + +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name Yahweh at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." + +##### "A woman caught in the act of adultery" ##### +If the woman was caught in the act of adultery, there was a man who was also caught in the act of adultery. The man is noticeably absent from this account. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. It may not be possible in every language to have someone speaking in the first person refer to themselves in the third person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/01.md b/jhn/09/01.md index f46967f817..86e60270b1 100644 --- a/jhn/09/01.md +++ b/jhn/09/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +This is the next part of the story. As Jesus and his disciples are walking along, they come across a blind man. -## translationNotes +# as Jesus passed by +Here "Jesus" is a synecdoche for Jesus and the disciples. AT: "as Jesus and his disciples passed by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# who sinned, this man or his parents ... blind? + +This question reflects the ancient Jewish belief that sin caused all illnesses and other deformities. The rabbis also taught that it was possible for a baby to sin while still in the womb. AT: "Teacher, we know that sin causes a person to be blind. Whose sin caused this man to be born blind? did this man himself sin, or was it his parents who sinned?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/03.md b/jhn/09/03.md index 8e1ad3d685..bc5c4af82f 100644 --- a/jhn/09/03.md +++ b/jhn/09/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# We -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This "We" includes both Jesus and the disciples he is talking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# day ... Night -* **We** - This "we" includes both Jesus and the disciples he is talking to. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **day … Night ** - Jesus is comparing the time when people can do God's work to daytime when people work. Jesus is comparing the time when we cannot do God's work to night time. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **light of the world** - "the one who shows what is true just as light shows what is real". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "day" and "night" are metaphors. Jesus is comparing the time when people can do God's work to daytime, the time when people normally work, and nighttime to when they cannot do God's work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the world + +Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. AT: "living among the people of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# light of the world + +Here "light" is a metaphor for the true revelation of God. AT: "the one who shows what is true just as light allows people to see what is in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/06.md b/jhn/09/06.md index 65a7974038..8cd976eb64 100644 --- a/jhn/09/06.md +++ b/jhn/09/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# made mud with the saliva -* [[en:tw:anoint]] +Jesus used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva. AT: "and used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva to make mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# which is translated "Sent" +A brief break occurs here in the storyline so John can explain to his readers what "Siloam" means. AT: "which means 'Sent'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# washed + +"washed his eyes in the pool" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/08.md b/jhn/09/08.md index 66613f4abc..e3ff834038 100644 --- a/jhn/09/08.md +++ b/jhn/09/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] - -## translationNotes +# Is not this the man that used to sit and beg? +This remark appears in the form of a question to express the surprise of the people. AT: "This man is the one who used to sit and beg!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/10.md b/jhn/09/10.md index 576d550ba5..34081e0f8d 100644 --- a/jhn/09/10.md +++ b/jhn/09/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] +The neighbors of the man who had been blind continue to speak to him. -## translationNotes +# Then how were your eyes opened? -* **anointed...eyes** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:09:06]]. +"Then what caused you to be able to see?" or "How is it that you can see now?" + +# smeared it on my eyes + +"used his fingers to cover my eyes with mud." See how you translated a similar phrase in [John 9:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/13.md b/jhn/09/13.md index 1947412425..64e5e0a2fc 100644 --- a/jhn/09/13.md +++ b/jhn/09/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +Verse 14 tells background information about when Jesus healed the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# They brought the man who used to be blind to the Pharisees +The people insisted that the man go with them to the Pharisees. They did not physically force him to go. + +# Sabbath day + +"Jewish Day of Rest" + +# Then again the Pharisees asked him + +"So the Pharisees also asked him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/16.md b/jhn/09/16.md index 8eb687ec60..ee79c66229 100644 --- a/jhn/09/16.md +++ b/jhn/09/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +In verse 18 there is a break from the main storyline as John provides background information about the Jews' disbelief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# he does not keep the Sabbath -* **keep the Sabbath** - obey the law about the Sabbath +This means Jesus does not obey the law about doing no work on the Jewish Day of Rest. + +# How can a man who is a sinner do such signs? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that Jesus' signs prove he is not a sinner. AT: "A sinner can not do such signs!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# signs + +This is another word for miracles. "Signs" give evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe. + +# He is a prophet + +"I think he is a prophet" + +# Now the Jews still did not believe + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: Now the Jewish leaders still did not believe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/19.md b/jhn/09/19.md index fc5a98faa6..3b4d2f9408 100644 --- a/jhn/09/19.md +++ b/jhn/09/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They asked the parents +"They" refers to the Jewish leaders. -## translationNotes +# he is an adult +"he is a man" or "he is no longer a child" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/22.md b/jhn/09/22.md index 7409673d51..c69831279a 100644 --- a/jhn/09/22.md +++ b/jhn/09/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +In verse 22 there is a break from the main storyline as John provides background information about the man's parents being afraid of the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# they were afraid of the Jews +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: "they were afraid of what the Jewish leaders might do to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# afraid + +This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to oneself or others. + +# would confess him to be the Christ + +"would say that Jesus is the Christ" + +# he would be thrown out of the synagogue + +Here "be thrown out of the synagogue" is a metaphor for no longer being allowed to go into the synagogue and no longer belonging to the group of people who attend services at the synagogue. AT: "he would not be allowed to go into the synagogue" or "he would no longer belong to the synagogue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He is an adult + +"he is a man" or "he is no longer a child." See how you translated this in [John 09:21](./19.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/24.md b/jhn/09/24.md index ea16d7fe97..9fdce0a054 100644 --- a/jhn/09/24.md +++ b/jhn/09/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they called the man -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Here, "they" refers to the Jews. ([John 9:18](./16.md)) -## translationNotes +# Give glory to God -* **they called the man** - the Jews ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:09:16]]) called the man -* **this man** - This refers to Jesus. -* **that man** - the man who had been blind -* **Whether he is a sinner, I do not know.** - "I do not know if he is a sinner or not." +This is an idiom that people used when taking an oath. AT: "In the presence of God, tell the truth!" or "Speak the truth before God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this man + +This refers to Jesus. + +# that man + +This refers to the man who had been blind. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/26.md b/jhn/09/26.md index be49f65dd5..9aed62a05e 100644 --- a/jhn/09/26.md +++ b/jhn/09/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:disciple|disciple]] +The Jews continue to speak to the man who had been blind. -## translationNotes +# Why do you want to hear it again? -* The Jews ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:09:16]]) speak to the man born blind about Jesus. +This remark appears in the form of a question to express the man's amazement that the Jewish leaders have asked him to tell them again what happened. AT: "I am surprised that you want to hear again what happened to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You do not want to become his disciples too, do you? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add irony to the man's statement. He knows that the Jewish leaders do not want to follow Jesus. Here he ridicules them. AT: "It sounds like you also want to become his disciples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/28.md b/jhn/09/28.md index 5eebcac5e4..b70d36cad4 100644 --- a/jhn/09/28.md +++ b/jhn/09/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You are his disciple -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] +"You are following Jesus!" -## translationNotes +# but we are disciples of Moses -* The Jews ([[:en:bible:notes:jhn:09:16]]) speak to the man born blind about Jesus. -* **we are disciples...We know...we do not know** - The Jewish leaders are speaking only of themselves. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) +The pronoun "we" is exclusive. The Jewish leaders are speaking only of themselves. AT: "but we are following Moses!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# We know that God has spoken to Moses + +"We are sure that God has spoken to Moses" + +# we do not know where this one is from + +Here the Jewish leaders are referring to Jesus. They imply that he has no authority to call disciples. AT: "we do not know where he comes from or where he gets his authority!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/30.md b/jhn/09/30.md index 289ce817b0..2e1df30b89 100644 --- a/jhn/09/30.md +++ b/jhn/09/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# that you do not know where he is from -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The man is surprised that the Jewish leaders question Jesus' authority when they know he has the power to heal. AT: "that you do not know where he gets his authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# does not listen to sinners ... listens to him -* **listens to sinners...listens to him** - "answers the prayers of sinners...answers the prayers of him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"does not answer the prayers of sinners ... God answers his prayers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/32.md b/jhn/09/32.md index e0b594ba3e..2c4e434018 100644 --- a/jhn/09/32.md +++ b/jhn/09/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +The man who had been blind continues speaking to the Jews. -## translationNotes +# it has never been heard that anyone opened -* **it has never been heard that anyone opened** - "no one has ever heard of anyone opening" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **opened the eyes of a man born blind** - “healed the eyes so a man born blind was able to see” -* **You were altogether born in sins, and you are now teaching us?** - "You were born completely in sin. You are not qualified to teach us!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is a passive statement. You can translate it in an active form. AT: "no one has ever heard of anyone who healed a man who was blind from birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If this man were not from God, he could do nothing + +This sentence uses a double negative pattern. "Only a man from God could do something like that!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# You were completely born in sins, and you are teaching us? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. It also implies that the man was born blind because of the sins of his parents. AT: "You were born as a result of your parents' sins. You are not qualified to teach us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they threw him out + +"they threw him out of the synagogue" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/35.md b/jhn/09/35.md index 82a42a20f9..552c531e14 100644 --- a/jhn/09/35.md +++ b/jhn/09/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus finds the man that he healed and begins to speak to him and the crowd. -## translationNotes +# believe in +This means to "believe in Jesus," to believe that he is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and live in a way that honors him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/39.md b/jhn/09/39.md index 90eee4a140..d1e16541d5 100644 --- a/jhn/09/39.md +++ b/jhn/09/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# came into this world -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The "world" is a metonym for "the people who live in the world." AT: "came to live among the people of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# so that those who do not see may see and so that those who see may become blind -* **so that those who do not see may see and so that those who see may become blind** - so that those who cannot see with their eyes may recognize God and so that those who see with their eyes may not recognize God (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "seeing" and "blindness" are metaphors. Jesus distinguishes between people who are spiritually blind and physically blind. AT: "so that those who are blind spiritually, but who want to see God, can see him, and those who already falsely think they can see God will remain in their blindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Are we also blind? + +"Do you think we are spiritually blind?" + +# If you were blind, you would have no sin + +Here "blindness" is a metaphor for not knowing God's truth. AT: "If you wanted to know God's truth, you would be able to receive your sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but now you say, 'We see,' so your sin remains + +Here "seeing" is a metaphor for knowing God's truth. AT: "Since you falsely think that you already know God's truth, you will remain blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/intro.md b/jhn/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67f6d3cd81 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# John 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Who sinned?" ##### +In ancient Israel, it was commonly believed that a child was born with disabilities because of the sin of one of his parents. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. In this exchange, the Pharisees were sinners because they saw the power of Jesus and did not worship him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]). + +##### "I am ... " ##### + +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name Yahweh at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." + +##### Light ##### +Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +##### "He does not keep the Sabbath" ##### +The Pharisees considered Jesus making the mud to be "work" and in violation of the laws regarding the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Sight ##### +This chapter records the events of a man who was born without sight. Jesus also uses these events as a metaphor. In [John 9:39-40](./39.md), the Pharisees are called blind because they are unable to see the truth in front of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. It may not be possible in every language to have someone speaking in the first person, also speak in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/01.md b/jhn/10/01.md index c4e3118c3e..6e787e6602 100644 --- a/jhn/10/01.md +++ b/jhn/10/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. This is the same part of the story which began in [John 9:35](../09/35.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. -* **sheepfold** - This is a fenced area where a shepherd keeps his sheep. -* **thief and a robber ** - This is the use of two words with similar meanings to add emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +Jesus begins to speak in parables. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# sheep pen + +This is a fenced area where a shepherd keeps his sheep. + +# a thief and a robber + +This is the use of two words with similar meanings to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/03.md b/jhn/10/03.md index c582a4591a..3636cfb0d5 100644 --- a/jhn/10/03.md +++ b/jhn/10/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The gatekeeper opens for him -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"The gatekeeper opens the gate for the shepherd" -## translationNotes +# The gatekeeper +This is a hired man who watches the gate of the sheep pen at night while the shepherd is away. + +# The sheep hear his voice + +"The sheep hear the shepherd's voice" + +# he goes ahead of them + +"he walks in front of them" + +# for they know his voice + +"because they recognize his voice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/05.md b/jhn/10/05.md index bd382f5ac4..67f78c0cfc 100644 --- a/jhn/10/05.md +++ b/jhn/10/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# they did not understand -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Possible meanings: 1) "the disciples did not understand" or 2) "the crowd did not understand." -## translationNotes +# this parable -* **they did not understand** - Possible meanings: 1) "the disciples did not understand"(UDB) or 2) "the crowd did not understand". It's okay to leave it as it is. +This is an illustration from the work of shepherds, using metaphors. The "shepherd" is a metaphor for Jesus. The "sheep" represent those who follow Jesus, and the "strangers" are the Jewish leaders, including the Pharisees, who try to deceive the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/07.md b/jhn/10/07.md index f7c3a802b0..2ddf6a7d56 100644 --- a/jhn/10/07.md +++ b/jhn/10/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Jesus begins to explain the meaning of the parables he had spoken. -## translationNotes +# Truly, truly -* Jesus continues to talk to the crowd. -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. -* **I am the door of the sheep** - "I am the way the sheep enter into the sheepfold" Jesus is saying he is the one who allows entry. The word "sheep" is used to refer to God's people.(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **All who came before me are thieves and robbers** - The phrase "All who came before me" refers to the other teachers who had taught before Jesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) Jesus calls them "thieves and robbers" because their teachings were false and they were trying to lead God's people while not understanding the truth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# I am the gate of the sheep + +Here "gate" is a metaphor that means Jesus provides access into the sheepfold where God's people dwell in his presence. AT: "I am like the gate that the sheep use to enter into the sheepfold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Everyone who came before me + +This refers to other teachers who have taught the people, including the Pharisees and other Jewish leaders. AT: "All of the teachers who came without my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a thief and a robber + +These words are metaphors. Jesus calls those teachers "a thief and a robber" because their teachings were false, and they were trying to lead God's people while not understanding the truth. As a result, they deceived the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/09.md b/jhn/10/09.md index 987ab808af..68730daae2 100644 --- a/jhn/10/09.md +++ b/jhn/10/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I am the gate -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Here "gate" is a metaphor. By referring to himself as "the gate," Jesus is showing that he offers a true way to enter the kingdom of God. AT: "I myself am like that gate." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# pasture -* Jesus continues to talk to the crowd. -* **I am the gate** - By referring to himself as "the gate" Jesus is showing that he offers a true way to get what the sheepfold represents. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **pasture** - The word "pasture" is a grassy area where sheep eat. -* **that they might have life** - The word "they" refers to the sheep. "Life" refers to eternal life. +The word "pasture" means a grassy area where sheep eat. + +# does not come if he would not steal + +This is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to use a positive statement. AT: "comes only to steal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# steal and kill and destroy + +Here the implied metaphor is "sheep," which represents God's people. AT: "steal and kill and destroy the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that they will have life + +The word "they" refers to the sheep. "Life" refers to eternal life. AT: "so that they will really live, lacking nothing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/11.md b/jhn/10/11.md index a26d6b02d6..bc4ad2f739 100644 --- a/jhn/10/11.md +++ b/jhn/10/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:wolf]] +Jesus continues his parable about the good shepherd. -## translationNotes +# I am the good shepherd -* Jesus continues his parable about the good shepherd. -* **I am the good shepherd** - "I am like a good shepherd." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lays down his life ** - // To lay something down is a way of giving up control of it. It is a mild way to refer to dying. Alternate translation: "die" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Here "good shepherd" is a metaphor that represents Jesus. AT: "I am like a good shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lays down his life + +To lay down something means to give up control of it. It is a mild way to refer to dying. AT: "dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# The hired servant + +The "hired servant" is a metaphor that represents the Jewish leaders and teachers. AT: "The one who is like a hired servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# abandons the sheep and ... does not care for the sheep + +Here the word "sheep" is a metaphor that represents God's people. Like a hired servant who abandons the sheep, Jesus says that the Jewish leaders and teachers do not care for God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/14.md b/jhn/10/14.md index 57c8702ac3..b03a1a4ce1 100644 --- a/jhn/10/14.md +++ b/jhn/10/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I am the good shepherd -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Here the "good shepherd" is a metaphor for Jesus. AT: "I am like a good shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The Father knows me, and I know the Father -* Jesus continues his parable about the good shepherd. -* **I am the good shepherd** - "I am like a good shepherd." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I lay down my life for the sheep** - This is a mild way for Jesus to say that he will die to protect his sheep. AT: "I die for the sheep" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **fold** - A group of sheep belonging to the shepherd. "Fold" comes from sheepfold which is a place where the sheep stay. +God the Father and God the Son know each other unlike anyone else knows them. "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I lay down my life for the sheep + +This is a mild way for Jesus to say that he will die to protect his sheep. AT: "I die for the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I have other sheep + +Here "other sheep" is a metaphor for followers of Jesus who are not Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# one flock and one shepherd + +Here "flock" and "shepherd" are metaphors. All of Jesus's followers, Jews and non-Jews, will be like one flock of sheep. He will be like a shepherd who cares for all of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/17.md b/jhn/10/17.md index f35d3a70c3..6607486e3a 100644 --- a/jhn/10/17.md +++ b/jhn/10/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# This is why the Father loves me: I lay down my life -* Jesus continues talking to the crowd. -* **I lay down my life that I may take it again** - This is a mild way for Jesus to say he will die and then bring himself back to life. Alternate translation: "I allow myself to die in order that I may bring myself back to life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +God's eternal plan was for God the Son to give his life to pay for the sins of humanity. Jesus' death on the cross reveals the intense love of the Son for the Father and of the Father for the Son. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# loves + +This kind of love comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# I lay down my life so that I may take it again + +This is a mild way for Jesus to say he will die and then will become alive again. AT: "I allow myself to die in order that I may bring myself back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I lay it down of myself + +The reflexive pronoun "myself" is used here to emphasize that Jesus lays down his own life. No one takes it from him. AT: "I myself lay it down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# I have received this command from my Father + +"This is what my Father has commanded me to do." The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/19.md b/jhn/10/19.md index 3f1b16b257..f27ed9cd19 100644 --- a/jhn/10/19.md +++ b/jhn/10/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demonpossessed]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +These verses tell how the Jews responded to what Jesus had said. -## translationNotes +# Why do you listen to him? -* **Why do you listen to him?** - AT: "Do not listen to him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?** - AT: "A demon cannot cause a blind man to see!" +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the point that the people should not listen to Jesus. AT: "Do not listen to him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can a demon open the eyes of the blind? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "Certainly a demon cannot cause a blind man to see!" or "Certainly a demon cannot give sight to blind people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/22.md b/jhn/10/22.md index 1246024308..23ea4de72a 100644 --- a/jhn/10/22.md +++ b/jhn/10/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This is the next part of the story. It is now the Festival of Dedication and some Jews begin to question Jesus. Verses 22 and 23 give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Festival of the Dedication -* **Festival of the Dedication** - This is an eight day winter holiday Jews use to remember a miracle where God made a small amount of oil remain lit in a lampstand until they got more oil eight days later. The lampstand was lit to dedicate the Jewish temple to God. To dedicate something is to promise to use it for a certain purpose. -* **porch ** - a structure attached to the entrance of a building that has a roof and that may or may not have walls +This is an eight-day, winter holiday Jews use to remember a miracle where God made a small amount of oil remain lit in a lampstand for eight days. They lit the lampstand to dedicate the Jewish temple to God. To dedicate something is to promise to use it for a special purpose. + +# Jesus was walking in the temple + +The area where Jesus was walking was actually a courtyard that was outside the temple building. AT: "Jesus was walking in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# porch + +This is a structure attached to the entrance of a building; it has a roof and it may or may not have walls. + +# Then the Jews surrounded him + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "Then the Jewish leaders surrounded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# hold us doubting + +This is an idiom. AT: "keep us wondering" or "keep us from knowing for sure?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/25.md b/jhn/10/25.md index 8adef83b90..191c5d7ca6 100644 --- a/jhn/10/25.md +++ b/jhn/10/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Jesus begins to respond to the Jews. -## translationNotes +# in the name of my Father -* **these testify concerning me** - His miracles offer proof about him like a witness would offer proof in a court of law. Alternate translation: "these miracles offer proof concerning me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **not my sheep** - AT: "not my followers" or "not my disciples" or "not my people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "name" is a metonym for the power of God. Here "Father" is an important title for God. Jesus performed miracles through his Father's power and authority. AT: "through my Father's power" or "with my Father's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# these testify concerning me + +His miracles offer proof about him like a person who testifies would offer proof in a court of law. AT: "offer proof concerning me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# not my sheep + +The word "sheep" is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. AT: "not my followers" or "not my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/27.md b/jhn/10/27.md index a7ff1ea485..b0bec15fbd 100644 --- a/jhn/10/27.md +++ b/jhn/10/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# My sheep hear my voice -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The word "sheep" is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. The metaphor of Jesus as the "shepherd" is also implied. AT: "Just as sheep obey the voice of their true shepherd, my followers heed my voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# no one will snatch them out of my hand +Here the word "hand" is a metonym that represents the protective care of Jesus. AT: "no one will steal them away from me" or "they will remain secure forever in my care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/29.md b/jhn/10/29.md index 19945847be..69e90e74f3 100644 --- a/jhn/10/29.md +++ b/jhn/10/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# My Father, who has given them to me -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# the hand of the Father -* **the Father’s hand** - The word "hand" is used to refer to God's possession or his control and protection. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "hand" is a metonym that refers to God's possession and protective care. AT: "No one can steal them from my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I and the Father are one + +Jesus, God the Son, and God the Father are one. The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Then the Jews took up stones + +The word "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "Then the Jewish leaders started picking up stones again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/32.md b/jhn/10/32.md index f784589cc1..3f0566ecac 100644 --- a/jhn/10/32.md +++ b/jhn/10/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus answered them, "I have shown you many good works from the Father -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Jesus performed the miracles by the power of God. The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# For which of those works are you stoning me? -* **making yourself God** - "claiming to be God" +This question uses irony. Jesus knows the Jewish leaders do not want to stone him because he has done good works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# The Jews answered him + +The word "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "The Jewish opponents replied" or "The Jewish leaders answered him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# making yourself God + +"claiming to be God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/34.md b/jhn/10/34.md index bcaab966a5..4837f27d64 100644 --- a/jhn/10/34.md +++ b/jhn/10/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Is it not written ... gods"'? -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You should already know that it is written in your law that I said, 'you are gods.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# You are gods -* **You are gods** - Usually the word "god" would be considered a false god unless it had the large "G" in God that refers to the one true God. Here, Jesus quotes a scripture where God calls his followers gods because he has chosen them to represent Him on earth. -* **Is it not written** - Jesus asks this question in order to point out information the Jewish religious leaders should already know. "It is written." (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **scripture cannot be broken ** - This phrase gives the picture of Scripture being something that controls us and that control cannot be broken or made loose so that we could escape from what it says is true. Alternate translation: "nothing that is in Scripture can be shown to be false"(UDB) or "Scripture is the truth" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here Jesus quotes a scripture where God calls his followers "gods," perhaps because he has chosen them to represent him on earth. + +# the word of God came + +This idiom is used to explain that a God gave a message to someone. AT: "Yahweh gave his message" or "Yawheh spoke a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the scripture cannot be broken + +Possible meanings are 1) "no one can change the scripture" or 2) "the scripture will always be true." + +# do you say to him whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, 'You are blaspheming,' because I said, 'I am the Son of God'? + +Jesus used this question to rebuke his opponents for saying that he was blaspheming when he called himself "the Son of God." AT: "you should not say to the very one whom the Father set apart to send into the world, 'You are blaspheming,' when I say that I am the Son of God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You are blaspheming + +"You are insulting God." Jesus' opponents understood that when said that he is the Son of God, he was implying that he is equal with God. + +# Father ... Son of God + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/37.md b/jhn/10/37.md index 284b40ebf6..dbdc456031 100644 --- a/jhn/10/37.md +++ b/jhn/10/37.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Jesus finishes responding to the Jews. -## translationNotes +# Father -* Jesus continues his defense to the Jewish leaders who oppose him. +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# believe me + +Here the word "believe" means to accept or trust what Jesus said is true. + +# believe in the works + +Here "believe in" is to acknowledge that the works Jesus does are from the Father. + +# the Father is in me and that I am in the Father + +These are idioms that express the close personal relationship between God and Jesus. AT: "My Father and I are completely joined together as one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# went away out of their hand + +The word "hand" is a metonym that represents the custody or possession of the Jewish leaders. AT: "got away from them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/40.md b/jhn/10/40.md index dd456844a0..dc3cd23281 100644 --- a/jhn/10/40.md +++ b/jhn/10/40.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# beyond the Jordan -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Jesus had been on the west side of the Jordan River. AT: "to the east side of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# he stayed there -* **indeed** - This is a word used to emphasize that something is true. Alternate translation: "in truth" or "truly, truly". +Jesus remained on the east side of Jordan for a short period of time. AT: "Jesus stayed there for several days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# John indeed did no signs, but all the things that John has said about this man are true + +"It is true that John did no signs, but he certainly did speak the truth about this man, who does signs." + +# signs + +These are miracles that prove that something is true or that give someone credibility. + +# believed in + +Here "believed in" means accepted or trusted what Jesus said was true. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/intro.md b/jhn/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e442a1ef1c --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# John 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sheep ##### +Sheep is a common image used to refer to people. In this passage, it specifically refers to people who believe in Jesus and follow him. The Pharisees are likewise compared to wolves coming to steal and destroy the sheep. + +##### Blasphemy ##### +If someone falsely claims to be God, then it is considered blasphemy. In the law of Moses, the punishment for blasphemy was stoning to death. They did not believe Jesus, so they took up stones to kill him. Jesus was not guilty of blasphemy because he is God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Sheepfold ##### +The illustration used here involves the place where sheep are kept. There would have been a door or gate that the shepherd would have normally entered into the sheepfold. The sheep immediately recognize him. On the other hand, a robber would have entered into the sheepfold through another way where he may not be caught. The sheep would likely run from the thief because they did not recognize him. Jesus uses this as a metaphor for his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "I lay down my life that I may take it again" ##### +Although this is not set apart in any way, it is certainly a prophecy concerning Jesus' coming death. It emphasizes that he willingly died for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/01.md b/jhn/11/01.md index cf4ce5863e..edd7937393 100644 --- a/jhn/11/01.md +++ b/jhn/11/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:lazarus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:martha]] -* [[en:tw:marysisterofmartha]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] +This is the next part of the story, which is about Lazarus. These verses introduce him to the story and give background information about him and his sister Mary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# It was Mary who anointed the Lord ... her hair -* **the same Mary** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +As John introduces Mary, the sister of Martha, he also shares information concerning what would later happen in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/03.md b/jhn/11/03.md index 1dbed089c1..c4a5eb9a71 100644 --- a/jhn/11/03.md +++ b/jhn/11/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# sent for Jesus -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"asked Jesus to come" -## translationNotes +# love -* **he whom you love** - This phrase is used to show Jesus' close friendship with Lazarus. -* **This sickness is not to end in death** - "The purpose of his sickness is not that he would die." +Here "love" refers to brotherly love, a natural, human love between friends or relatives. + +# This sickness is not to death + +Jesus implies that he knows what will happen related to Lazarus and his sickness. AT: "Death will not be the final result of this sickness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# death + +This refers to physical death. + +# instead it is for the glory of God so that the Son of God may be glorified by it + +Jesus implies that he knows what the outcome will be. AT: "but the purpose is that the people might see how great God is because of what his power will allow me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/05.md b/jhn/11/05.md index eff6b63ede..3e719be7ee 100644 --- a/jhn/11/05.md +++ b/jhn/11/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:Lazarus]] -* [[en:tw:Martha]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:love]] - -## translationNotes +# Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus +This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/08.md b/jhn/11/08.md index e9cda46741..2a05ee89fe 100644 --- a/jhn/11/08.md +++ b/jhn/11/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Rabbi, right now the Jews are trying to stone you, and you are going back there again? -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples do not want Jesus to go to Jerusalem. AT: "Teacher, you surely do not want to go back there! The Jews were trying to stone you the last time you were there!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the Jews -* **Rabbi, the Jews were only now trying to stone you, and are you going back there again?** - AT: "Teacher, Surely you don't want to go back there because the Jews are trying to stone you." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Jesus answered** - "Jesus answered with a parable" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Are there not twelve hours of light in a day?** - AT: "The day has twelve hours of light." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Are there not twelve hours of light in a day? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You know that the day has twelve hours of light!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If someone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world + +People who walk in the light of the day can see well and do not stumble. "Light" is a metaphor for "truth." Jesus is implying that people who live according to truth will be able to successfully do the things that God wants them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/10.md b/jhn/11/10.md index 1e8ec66fa7..55f3aa85a6 100644 --- a/jhn/11/10.md +++ b/jhn/11/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lazarus]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# if he walks at night -* **the light is not in him** - Possible meaning: 1) "he cannot see"(UDB) or "he has no light" -* **Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep** - Lazarus is dead, but it is only for a short time. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep** - Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "night" is a metaphor that refers to one's walking without God's light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the light is not in him + +Possible meanings are 1) "he cannot see" or "he does not have God's light." + +# Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep + +Here "fallen asleep" is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep + +The words "wake him out of sleep" form an idiom. Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. If you have an idiom for this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/12.md b/jhn/11/12.md index 88ed493ba4..b440fb86b3 100644 --- a/jhn/11/12.md +++ b/jhn/11/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:lazarus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +In verse 13 there is a break in the storyline as John comments on the disciples' misunderstanding about what Jesus meant when he said Lazarus was asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# if he has fallen asleep +The disciples misunderstand Jesus to mean that Lazarus is resting and will recover. + +# Then Jesus said to them plainly + +"So Jesus told them in words that they could understand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/15.md b/jhn/11/15.md index 9e860709ca..d7a809c0aa 100644 --- a/jhn/11/15.md +++ b/jhn/11/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:thomas]] +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# for your sakes -* Jesus is continuing to speak to his disciples about going to Bethany. -* **for your sakes** - "for your benefit" -* **who was called Didymus** - Didymus is a male name that means "twin." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"for your benefit" + +# that I was not there so that you may believe + +"that I was not there. Because of this you will learn to trust me more." + +# who was called Didymus + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom they called Didymus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Didymus + +This is a male name that means "twin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/17.md b/jhn/11/17.md index d1d85c3e97..c03cac7eed 100644 --- a/jhn/11/17.md +++ b/jhn/11/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lazarus]] -* [[en:tw:martha]] -* [[en:tw:marysisterofmartha]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Jesus is now in Bethany. These verses give background information about the setting and about what has happened before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# he found that Lazarus had already been in the tomb for four days -* **fifteen stadia** - "about three kilometers." A "stadium" is 185 meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "he learned that people had put Lazarus in a tomb four days before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fifteen stadia away + +"about three kilometers away." A "stadium" is 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# about their brother + +Lazarus was their younger brother. AT: "about their younger brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/21.md b/jhn/11/21.md index 678fe88ae5..8223199720 100644 --- a/jhn/11/21.md +++ b/jhn/11/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# my brother would not have died -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:martha]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Lazarus was the younger brother. AT: "my younger brother would still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Your brother will rise again +Lazarus was the younger brother. AT: "Your younger brother will become alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/24.md b/jhn/11/24.md index 691b6a3b14..791d94a246 100644 --- a/jhn/11/24.md +++ b/jhn/11/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he will rise again -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +"he will become alive again" -## translationNotes +# even if he dies -* . -* **and whoever lives and believes in me will never die.** - AT: "and as for those who believe in me, they will never be separated from God, forever." +Here "dies" refers to physical death. + +# will live + +Here "live" refers to spiritual life. + +# whoever lives and believes in me will never die + +"those who live and trust in me will never be separated eternally from God" or "those who live and trust in me will be spiritually alive with God forever" + +# will never die + +Here "die" refers to spiritual death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/27.md b/jhn/11/27.md index dede1d4836..8d2e1f108c 100644 --- a/jhn/11/27.md +++ b/jhn/11/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# She said to him -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:marysisterofmartha]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"Martha said to Jesus" -## translationNotes +# Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God ... coming into the world +Martha believes that Jesus is Lord, the Christ (the Messiah), the Son of God. + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# she went away and called her sister Mary + +Mary is the younger sister of Martha. AT: "she went away and called her younger sister Mary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Teacher + +This is a title referring to Jesus. + +# is calling for you + +"is asking that you come" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/30.md b/jhn/11/30.md index c93611cbdd..d5a4c86cb9 100644 --- a/jhn/11/30.md +++ b/jhn/11/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Jesus had not yet come into the village -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:martha]] -* [[en:tw:marysisterofmartha]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Here John provides a brief break in the story to give background information regarding the location of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# fell down at his feet -* **fell down at his feet** - Mary laid down or knelt at the feet of Jesus asan act of respect. +Mary lay down or knelt at the feet of Jesus to show respect. + +# my brother would not have died + +Lazarus was Mary's younger brother. See how you translated this in [John 11:21](./21.md). AT: "my younger brother would still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/33.md b/jhn/11/33.md index d1baf78092..c19c71a4d4 100644 --- a/jhn/11/33.md +++ b/jhn/11/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he was deeply moved in his spirit and was troubled -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +John combines these phrases that have similar meanings to express the intense emotional distress and possible anger that Jesus experienced. AT: "he was greatly upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# Where have you laid him +This is a milder way of asking, "Where have you buried him?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Jesus wept + +"Jesus began to cry" or "Jesus started crying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/36.md b/jhn/11/36.md index 4763d36f7d..6c9ffefb84 100644 --- a/jhn/11/36.md +++ b/jhn/11/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# loved -* [[en:tw:lazarus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +This refers to brotherly love or human love for a friend or family member. -## translationNotes +# Could not this man, who opened the eyes of a blind man, also have made this man not die? -* **Could not this man, who opened the eyes of the one who was blind, have also made this man not die?** - AT: "He could heal a man who was blind, he could have also healed Lazarus so he would not have died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **opened the eyes** - healed (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jews' surprise that Jesus did not heal Lazarus. AT: "He could heal a man who was blind, so he should have been able to heal this man so he would not have died!" or "Since he did not keep this man from dying, maybe he did not really heal the man who was born blind, as they say he did!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# opened the eyes + +This is an idiom. AT: "healed the eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/38.md b/jhn/11/38.md index 994ddef8c1..7d2d069400 100644 --- a/jhn/11/38.md +++ b/jhn/11/38.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now it was a cave, and a stone lay against it -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lazarus]] -* [[en:tw:martha]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +John pauses the story briefly to describe the tomb where the people had buried Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Martha, the sister of Lazarus -* **Did I not say to you that, if you believed, you would see the glory of God?** - AT: "Remember that I told you, if you believed in me, you would see how great God is." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Martha and Mary were older sisters of Lazarus. AT: "Martha, the older sister of Lazarus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by this time the body will be decaying + +"by this time there will be a bad smell" or "the body is already stinking" + +# Did I not say to you that, if you believed, you would see the glory of God? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to the point that God is about to do something wonderful. AT: "I told you that if you trusted me, you would see what God can do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/41.md b/jhn/11/41.md index eba15d3bde..6421e1b45e 100644 --- a/jhn/11/41.md +++ b/jhn/11/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus lifted up his eyes -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] +This is an idiom that means to look up. AT: "Jesus looked up toward heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Father, I thank you that you listened to me +Jesus prays directly to the Father so that others around him will hear his prayer. AT: "Father, I thank you that you have heard me" or "Father, I thank you that you have heard my prayer." + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# so that they may believe that you have sent me + +"I want them to believe that you have sent me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/43.md b/jhn/11/43.md index 80e1abc249..2fedf4124e 100644 --- a/jhn/11/43.md +++ b/jhn/11/43.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# After he had said this -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"After Jesus had prayed" -## translationNotes +# he cried out with a loud voice -* **bound hand and foot with burial cloths, and his face was bound about with a cloth** - A burial custom of this time was to wrap the dead body with long strips of linen cloth. -* **Jesus said to them** - The word "them" refers to the people who were there and saw the miracle. +"he shouted" + +# his feet and hands were bound with cloths, and his face was bound about with a cloth + +A burial custom of this time was to wrap the dead body with long strips of linen cloth. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone had wrapped strips of cloth around his hands and feet. They had also tied a cloth around his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jesus said to them + +The word "them" refers to the people who were there and saw the miracle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/45.md b/jhn/11/45.md index 2aabaa4df6..4cfe9d82d2 100644 --- a/jhn/11/45.md +++ b/jhn/11/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:marysisterofmartha]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] - -## translationNotes +# General Information: +These verses tell us what happened after Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/47.md b/jhn/11/47.md index d30a4e8d46..d649bcafa9 100644 --- a/jhn/11/47.md +++ b/jhn/11/47.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] +This is the next part of the story. The chief priests and Pharisees gather for a meeting of the Jewish council. -## translationNotes +# Then the chief priests +"Then the leaders among the priests" + +# What will we do? + +It is implied here that the council members are talking about Jesus. AT: "What are we going to do about Jesus?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all will believe in him + +The Jewish leaders were afraid that the people would try to make Jesus their king. AT: "everyone will trust in him and rebel against Rome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Romans will come + +This is a synecdoche for the Roman army. AT: "the Roman army will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# take away both our place and our nation + +"destroy both our temple and our nation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/49.md b/jhn/11/49.md index ffa8a7d70d..591cf61776 100644 --- a/jhn/11/49.md +++ b/jhn/11/49.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a certain man among them -* [[en:tw:caiaphas]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +This is a way to introduce a new character to the story. If you have a way to do this in your language, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# You know nothing -* **You know nothing at all** - Caiaphas does not use this phrase because he thinks they know nothing but because they haven't thought of the same solution he has. Alternate translation: "You talk as if you do not know what to do." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* * +This is an exaggeration that Caiaphas uses to insult his hearers. AT: "You do not understand what is happening!" or "You speak as though you know nothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# than that the whole nation perishes + +Caiaphas implies that the Roman army would kill all of the people of the Jewish nation if Jesus is allowed to live and cause a rebellion. The word "nation" here is a synecdoche that represents all of the Jewish people. AT: "than that the Romans kill all the people of our nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/51.md b/jhn/11/51.md index 4ab8e5d4d7..eb7a3912cf 100644 --- a/jhn/11/51.md +++ b/jhn/11/51.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +In verses 51 and 52 John explains that Caiaphus was prophesying even though he did not realize it at the time. This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# die for the nation -* **Now this he said** - Caiaphas's suggestion is now being explained and identified as a prophecy even though Caiaphas did not realize he was prophesying. This is background information; write it using whatever markers you need to make that clear in your language. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **die for the nation** - The word "nation" is used to refer to the people of the nation of Israel. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "nation" is a synecdoche and refers to the people of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# would be gathered together into one + +This is an ellipsis. The word "people" is implied by the context. AT: "would be gathered into one people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# children of God + +This refers to people who belong to God through faith in Jesus and are spiritually God's children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/54.md b/jhn/11/54.md index b59f4f437c..fd8e9fb08a 100644 --- a/jhn/11/54.md +++ b/jhn/11/54.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Jesus leaves Bethany and goes to Ephraim. In verse 55 the story shifts to telling about what many of the Jews are doing now that Passover is near. -## translationNotes +# walk openly among the Jews -* Jesus leaves Bethany near Jerusalem +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders. AT: "walk openly among the Jewish leaders who opposed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the country + +the rural area outside cities where fewer people live + +# There he stayed with the disciples + +Jesus and his disciples stayed in Ephraim for a while. AT: "There he stayed with his disciples for a short period of time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# went up to Jerusalem + +The phrase "went up" is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than the surrounding areas. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/56.md b/jhn/11/56.md index d45089e777..02547a353b 100644 --- a/jhn/11/56.md +++ b/jhn/11/56.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The content of verse 57 occurs before that of verse 56. If this order might confuse your readers, you can combine these verses and put the text of verse 57 before the text of verse 56. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## translationNotes +# They were looking for Jesus -* If the fact that verse 57 happens before verse 56 might confuse your readers, you could combine these verses and put the text of verse 57 before the contents of verse 56. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_events]]) -* **They were looking for Jesus** - The word "they" refers to the Jewish people who had traveled to Jerusalem. -* **Now the chief priests** - This is background information that explains why the Jewish worshipers were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival or not. If your language has a way to mark background information, use it here. (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **What do you think? That he will not come to the festival?** - The speaker here was wondering if Jesus would come to the festival even with the danger of being arrested. He asked others around them for their opinion. AT: "Do you think Jesus will be too afraid to come to the festival?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The word "they" refers to the Jewish people who had traveled to Jerusalem. + +# What do you think? That he will not come to the festival? + +These are rhetorical questions that express a strong element of doubt that Jesus will come to the Passover Festival. The second question is an ellipsis that leaves out the words "do you think." The speakers here were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival since there was the danger of his being arrested. AT: "Jesus will probably not come to the festival. He might be afraid of getting arrested!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Now the chief priests + +This is background information that explains why the Jewish worshipers were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival or not. If your language has a way to mark background information, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/intro.md b/jhn/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..448d59290c --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# John 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Light ##### +Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +##### "I am ... " ##### + +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." + +##### Passover ##### +This chapter records that Jesus no longer walked openly among the Jews. In turn, the Pharisees waited to find him during the Passover. It was the responsibility of the Jews, who were able, to go to Jerusalem during the Passover celebration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "One man should die for the people" ##### +Caiaphas said, "it is expedient for you that one man should die for the people rather than that the whole nation should perish." It is ironic that Jesus would come to die for the sins of the nation and the whole world. This statement almost functions as a prophecy about Jesus' death for sin. This is something the high priest also gives a prophecy about later in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "If you had been here" ##### +Mary and Martha had faith in Jesus but they did not understand fully who he was. In this passage, they had not yet come to realize that he had power over death itself and could raise Lazarus from the dead if he desired. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/01.md b/jhn/12/01.md index 646fb50e76..23a8d71fd5 100644 --- a/jhn/12/01.md +++ b/jhn/12/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lazarus]] -* [[en:tw:martha]] -* [[en:tw:marysisterofmartha]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus is at dinner in Bethany when Mary anoints his feet with oil. -## translationNotes +# a litra of perfume -* **litra** - A "litra" is a measurement of weight–a Roman pound equal to about twelve ounces or 327.5 grams. -* **perfume** - This is a liquid made by using the oils of pleasant smelling plants. -* **nard** - This is a perfume made from a pink bell-shaped flower in the mountains of Nepal, China, and India. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **the house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume** - "The scent of her perfume filled the house." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +You may convert this to a modern measure. A "litra" is about one third of a kilogram. Or you may refer to a container that could hold that amount. AT: "a third of a kilogram of perfume" or "a bottle of perfume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# perfume + +This is a good-smelling liquid made by using the oils of pleasant smelling plants and flowers. + +# nard + +This is a perfume made from a pink, bell-shaped flower in the mountains of Nepal, China, and India. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# The house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume + +This can be translated in an active form. AT: "The scent of her perfume filled the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/04.md b/jhn/12/04.md index 6a30dbe472..358956e2f0 100644 --- a/jhn/12/04.md +++ b/jhn/12/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who would betray him -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] +"the one who later enabled Jesus' enemies to seize him" -## translationNotes +# Why was this perfume not sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor? -* Jesus was at dinner in Bethany when Mary put perfume on his feet. -* **the one who would betray Jesus - ** - ** AT: "the one who later enabled Jesus' enemies to seize him" -* **Now he said this…take some of what was in it for himself** - John gives an explanation as to why Judas asked the question about the poor. Translate with your form for background information if one exists. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +This is a rhetorical question. You can translate it as a strong statement. AT: "This perfume could have been sold for three hundred denarii and the money could have been given to the poor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# three hundred denarii + +You can translate this as a numeral. AT: "300 denarii" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# denarii + +A denarius was the amount of silver that a common laborer could earn in one day of work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Now he said this ... would steal from what was put in it + +John explains why Judas asked the question about the poor. If your language has a way of indicating background information, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he said this, not because he cared about the poor, but because he was a thief + +"he said this because he was a thief. He did not care about the poor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/07.md b/jhn/12/07.md index ba197771a4..9709032dc5 100644 --- a/jhn/12/07.md +++ b/jhn/12/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Allow her to keep what she has for the day of my burial -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] +Jesus implies that the woman's actions can be understood as anticipating his death and burial. AT: "Allow her to show how much she appreciates me! In this way she has prepared my body for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# You will always have the poor with you +Jesus implies that there will always be opportunities to help the poor people. AT: "There will always be poor people among you, and you can help them whenever you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But you will not always have me + +In this way, Jesus implies that he will die. AT: "But I will not always be here with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/09.md b/jhn/12/09.md index 8078642a76..3c65735a2f 100644 --- a/jhn/12/09.md +++ b/jhn/12/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:Lazarus]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here John tells about a new group of people that has come to Bethany from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# because of him -* Jesus was at dinner in Bethany. -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here John tells about a new group of people in the story. -* **The chief priests took counsel** - "The chief priests took advice" or "The chief priests took suggestions" -* **because of him** - The fact that Lazarus was alive caused many Jews to believe in Jesus. +The fact that Lazarus was alive again caused many Jews to believe in Jesus. + +# believed in Jesus + +This implies that many of the Jewish people were trusting in Jesus as the Son of God. AT: "were putting their trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/12.md b/jhn/12/12.md index e379c03c2b..3c9a3b745b 100644 --- a/jhn/12/12.md +++ b/jhn/12/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus enters Jerusalem and the people honor him as a king. -## translationNotes +# a great crowd -* **Hosanna** - means "May God save." -* **comes in the name of the Lord** - Coming in the name of someone means to be sent with their authority and power, or be their representative and messenger. AT: "comes as the representative of the Lord" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"a great crowd of people" + +# Hosanna + +This means "May God save us now!" + +# Blessed + +This expresses a desire for God to cause good things to happen to a person. + +# comes in the name of the Lord + +Here the word "name" is a metonym, which means authority and power. AT: "comes as the representative of the Lord" or "comes in the power of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/14.md b/jhn/12/14.md index cb5b10233c..57ad4f713c 100644 --- a/jhn/12/14.md +++ b/jhn/12/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it -* [[en:tw:daughterofzion]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Here John gives background information that Jesus secures a donkey. He implies that Jesus will ride the donkey into Jerusalem. AT: "he found a young donkey and sat on it, riding into the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# as it was written -* **daughter of Zion** - "Daughter of Zion" is another way to speak of Israel: "children of Israel" or "people from Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "as the prophets wrote in the Scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# daughter of Zion + +"Daughter of Zion" is a metonym that refers to the people of Jerusalem. AT: "you people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/16.md b/jhn/12/16.md index bcb831d1bb..92ce0fcf72 100644 --- a/jhn/12/16.md +++ b/jhn/12/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] +John, the writer, interrupts here to give the reader some background information about what the disciples later understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# His disciples did not understand these things -* The writer makes a note for background information. -* **when Jesus was glorified** - AT: "when God glorified Jesus." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they remembered that these things had been written about him** - John, the writer, interrupts here to give the reader some background information about what the disciples later understood. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +Here the words "these things" refer to the words that the prophet had written about Jesus. + +# when Jesus was glorified + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "when God glorified Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they had done these things to him + +The words "these things" refer to what the people did when Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey (praising him and waving the palm branches). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/17.md b/jhn/12/17.md index d9a06060ac..938dcc99f4 100644 --- a/jhn/12/17.md +++ b/jhn/12/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:lazarus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main narrative. Here John explains that many of the people came to meet Jesus because they heard others say that he had raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# they heard that he had done this sign -* **the world has gone after him** - AT: "It looks like everyone is becoming his disciple". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"they heard others say that he had done this sign" + +# this sign + +A "sign" is an event or occurrence that proves something is true. In this case, the "sign" of raising Lazarus proves that Jesus is the Messiah. + +# Look, you can do nothing + +The Pharisees imply here that it might be impossible to stop Jesus. AT: "It seems like we can do nothing to stop him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# see, the world has gone after him + +The Pharisees use this exaggeration to express their shock that so many people have come out to meet Jesus. AT: "It looks like everyone is becoming his disciple!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym that represents (in exaggeration) all of the people in the world. You may need to make explicit that the hearers would have understood that the Pharisees were speaking only of the people in Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/20.md b/jhn/12/20.md index 87366817d1..e94a32fe83 100644 --- a/jhn/12/20.md +++ b/jhn/12/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now certain Greeks -* [[en:tw:andrew]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:philiptheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The phrase "now certain" marks the introduction of new characters to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# to worship at the festival +John implies that these "Greeks" were going to worship God during the Passover. AT: "to worship God at the Passover festival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Bethsaida + +This was a town in the province of Galilee. + +# they told Jesus + +Philip and Andrew tell Jesus about the Greeks' request to see him. You can translate this by adding the implied words. AT: "they told Jesus what the Greeks had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/23.md b/jhn/12/23.md index 721403cf85..87f529a31f 100644 --- a/jhn/12/23.md +++ b/jhn/12/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +Jesus begins to respond to Philip and Andrew. -## translationNotes +# The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified -* **Truly, truly** - AT: "Pay close attention to this parable that I tell to you. My life is like a seed that is planted in the earth and dies. Unless it is planted, it remains as only one seed. But when it is planted, it changes and grows to produce a harvest of many seeds." +Jesus implies that it is now the right time for God to honor the Son of Man through his upcoming suffering, death and resurrection. AT: "God will soon honor me when I die and rise again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Truly, truly, I say to you + +Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated "Truly, truly" in [John 01:51](../01/49.md). + +# unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies ... it will bear much fruit + +Here "a grain of wheat" or "seed" is a metaphor for Jesus' death, burial and resurrection. Just as a seed is planted and grows again into a plant that will bear much fruit, so will many people trust in Jesus after he is killed, buried, and raised back to life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/25.md b/jhn/12/25.md index ccb4091b34..be5dbb41d0 100644 --- a/jhn/12/25.md +++ b/jhn/12/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He who loves his life will lose it -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here "loves his life" means to consider one's own physical life to be more valuable than the lives of others. AT: "whoever values his own life more than others will not receive eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life -* **He who loves his life will lose it; but he who hates his life in this world will keep it for everlasting life. ** - AT: "In a similar way, whoever loves his own will, he destroys his life. But whoever ignores his own will, because of his submission to me, he will live with God forever." +Here the one who "hates his life" refers to one who loves his own life less than he loves the lives of others. AT: "whoever considers the lives of others as more important than his own life will live with God forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where I am, there will my servant also be + +Jesus implies that those who serve him will be with him in heaven. AT: "when I am in heaven, my servant will also be there with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Father will honor him + +Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/27.md b/jhn/12/27.md index cfc4b2b378..5dd09e9377 100644 --- a/jhn/12/27.md +++ b/jhn/12/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# what should I say? 'Father, save me from this hour'? -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This remark appears in the form of a rhetorical question. Although Jesus desires to avoid crucifixion, he chooses to be obedient to God and to be killed. AT: "I will not pray, 'Father, save me from this hour!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Father -* **what should I say? 'Father, save me from this hour'?** - "I will not pray, 'Father, save me from this hour.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# this hour + +Here "this hour" is a metonym that represents when Jesus would suffer and die on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# glorify your name + +Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to God. AT: "make your glory known" or "reveal your glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a voice came from heaven + +This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. AT: "God spoke from the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/30.md b/jhn/12/30.md index cfaf6ad54d..678ddb1de3 100644 --- a/jhn/12/30.md +++ b/jhn/12/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus explains why the voice spoke from heaven. -## translationNotes +# Now is the judgment of this world +Here "this world" is a metonym that refers to all the people in the world. AT: "Now is the time for God to judge all of the people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now will the ruler of this world be thrown out + +Here "ruler" refers to Satan. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Now is the time when I will destroy the power of Satan who rules this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/32.md b/jhn/12/32.md index 4e99dd418f..58e1d06bf9 100644 --- a/jhn/12/32.md +++ b/jhn/12/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] +In verse 33 John tells us background information about what Jesus said about being "lifted up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# When I am lifted up from the earth -* **will draw all people to myself** - "will bind all things to myself - that I may rule over them" -* **He said this to signify by what manner of death he would die.** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +Here Jesus refers to his crucifixion. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "When people raise me high on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will draw everyone to myself + +Through his crucifixion, Jesus will provide a way for everyone to trust in him. + +# He said this to indicate what kind of death he would die + +John interprets Jesus' words to mean that people will crucify him. AT: "He said this to let the people know how he would die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/34.md b/jhn/12/34.md index 2d0899f62c..4ac2a5b9e7 100644 --- a/jhn/12/34.md +++ b/jhn/12/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The Son of Man must be lifted up -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The phrase "lifted up" means crucified. You may translate this in a way that includes the implied words "on a cross." AT: "The Son of Man must be lifted up on a cross?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Who is this Son of Man? -* ** Jesus then said to them, "Yet a little while longer is the light among you. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going." - ** - ** AT: "Jesus then spoke to them this parable: 'My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be as if darkness suddenly falls on you and you can't see where you are going.'" +Possible meanings are 1) "What is the identity of this Son of Man? or 2) "What kind of Son of Man are you talking about?" + +# The light will still be with you for a short amount of time. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going + +Here "light" is a metaphor for Jesus' teachings which reveal the truth of God. To "walk in darkness" is a metaphor that means to live without God's truth. AT: "My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# While you have the light, believe in the light so that you may be sons of light + +The "light" is a metaphor for the teachings of Jesus which reveal the truth of God. "sons of light" is a metaphor for those who accept the message of Jesus and live according to God's truth. AT: "While I am with you, believe what I teach so that God's truth will be in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/37.md b/jhn/12/37.md index cbf22024ac..28ba19fe2f 100644 --- a/jhn/12/37.md +++ b/jhn/12/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +This is a break in the main storyline as the John begins to explain about the fulfillment of prophesies that had been spoken by the prophet Isaiah. -## translationNotes +# so that the word of Isaiah the prophet would be fulfilled -* **"Lord, who has believed our report? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?" ** - AT: "Lord, no one has believed our report, even though they have seen that you are powerfully able to save them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the arm of the Lord** - This refers to the Lord's ability to rescue with power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "in order to fulfill the message of Isaiah the prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Lord, who has believed our report, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? + +This appears in the form of two rhetorical questions to express the prophet's dismay that the people do not believe his message.They may be stated as a single rhetorical question, AT: "Lord, hardly anyone has believed our message, even though they have seen that you are powerfully able to save them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the arm of the Lord + +This is a metonym that refers to the Lord's ability to rescue with power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/39.md b/jhn/12/39.md index 2f292df0b1..7bde2bc438 100644 --- a/jhn/12/39.md +++ b/jhn/12/39.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he has hardened their hearts -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +This is an idiom that means that God caused them to be stubborn. AT: "he has made them stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# understand with their hearts +The Jews considered the heart to be the organ that caused understanding. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/41.md b/jhn/12/41.md index 011645ac95..5ce98a44e0 100644 --- a/jhn/12/41.md +++ b/jhn/12/41.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# so that they would not be banned from the synagogue -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so people would not stop them from going to the synagogue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# They loved the praise that comes from people more than the praise that comes from God -* **banned from the synagogue** - "not allowed to go to the synagogue" +"They wanted people to praise them more than they wanted God to praise them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/44.md b/jhn/12/44.md index 757d92b6d4..1639861966 100644 --- a/jhn/12/44.md +++ b/jhn/12/44.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] +Now John returns to the main storyline. This is another time when Jesus begins to speak to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# Jesus cried out and said -* **the one who sees me sees him who sent me.** - AT: "the one who sees me sees God who sent me." +Here John implies that a crowd of people had gathered to hear Jesus speak. AT: "Jesus shouted out to the crowd that had gathered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the one who sees me sees him who sent me + +Here the word "him" refers to God. AT: "the one who sees me sees God who sent me." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/46.md b/jhn/12/46.md index d57b5ed532..99ef77d68d 100644 --- a/jhn/12/46.md +++ b/jhn/12/46.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# I have come as a light -* **I have come as a light** - Jesus again contrasts himself as the light with the darkness of the world. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **remain in the darkness** - "continue in a state of spiritual blindness" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **If anyone hears my words but does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I have come, not to judge the world, but to save the world.** - AT: "If anyone hears my teaching and rejects it, I have no need to condemn him. My teaching, which he has rejected, has condemned him. As for me, I have come not to condemn but to save those who believe in me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Here the "light" is a metaphor for Jesus' example. AT: "I have come to show the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may not remain in the darkness + +Here "darkness" is a metaphor for living in ignorance of God's truth. AT: "may not continue to be spiritually blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If anyone hears my words but does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I have not come to judge the world, but to save the world + +Here "to judge the world" implies condemnation. Jesus did not come to condemn people. AT: "If anyone hears my teaching and rejects it, I do not condemn him. I have not come to condemn people. Instead, I have come to save those who trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym that represents all of the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/48.md b/jhn/12/48.md index 2b2ea77f0e..97d9bda65f 100644 --- a/jhn/12/48.md +++ b/jhn/12/48.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# on the last day -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"at the time when God judges people's sins" -## translationNotes +# I know that his command is eternal life -* **last day ** - "time when God judges peoples' sins" -* **I know that his command is life everlasting** - "I know that the words that he commanded me to say, they are the words that give life forever. +"I know that the words that he commanded me to speak are the words that give life forever" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/intro.md b/jhn/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a77aee1b59 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# John 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:38 and 40, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +Verse 16 is a commentary on these events. It is possible to put this entire verse in parentheses in order to set it apart from the narrative of the story. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Anointing ##### +It was customary to anoint a body in preparation for the body's burial. This would normally not have been done until after a person's death. This was not Mary's intention. Jesus uses Mary's actions to prophesy concerning his approaching death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Donkey ##### + +The way in which Jesus entered into Jerusalem, mounted on an animal, was similar to the way a king would have entered into a city after a great victory. It was traditional for the kings of Israel to ride on a powerful donkey. There was also a donkey present with colt but it is unclear which animal Jesus rode. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these two passages. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md)) + +##### Light ##### +Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "To be glorified" ##### +Jesus' prophesy about being glorified is a reference to his death. The disciples would not have understood that his death would have brought him glory, but it did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +A paradox is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "he who loves his life will lose it" ([John 12:25-26](./25.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/01.md b/jhn/13/01.md index 8bef69e2ba..f7f770572f 100644 --- a/jhn/13/01.md +++ b/jhn/13/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +It is not yet Passover and Jesus is together with his disciples for supper. These verses explain the setting of the story and give background information about Jesus and Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Father -* **Now before the Festival of Passover** - This phrase is background information to explain setting. Use whatever form your language has for communicating background information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Judas Iscariot, Simon's Son** - AT: "Judas, son of Simon from Kerioth" +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# loved + +This is the kind of love that comes from God, which is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# the devil had already put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot son of Simon, to betray Jesus + +The phrase "put it into the heart" is an idiom that means to cause someone to think about something. AT: "the devil had already caused Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to think about betraying Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/03.md b/jhn/13/03.md index 9d7a2c1a2d..04c8ed682b 100644 --- a/jhn/13/03.md +++ b/jhn/13/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Verse 3 continues to tell us background information about what Jesus knew. The action in the story begins in verse 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Father -* **He rose from supper and laid down his outer clothing** - Because the area was very dusty it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# had given everything over into his hands + +Here "his hands" is a metonym for power and authority. AT: "had given him complete power and authority over everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he had come from God and was going back to God + +Jesus had always been with the Father, and would return there after his work on earth was finished. + +# He got up from dinner and took off his outer clothing ... began to wash the feet of the disciples + +Because the region was very dusty, it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/06.md b/jhn/13/06.md index 0d294e7e67..d72822a86d 100644 --- a/jhn/13/06.md +++ b/jhn/13/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Lord, are you going to wash my feet? -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Peter's question shows that he is not willing for Jesus to wash his feet. AT: "Lord, it is not right for you to wash the feet of me, a sinner!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# If I do not wash you, you have no share with me -* **Lord, are you going to wash my feet** - AT: "Lord, surely you will not wash my feet." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here Jesus states two negatives to convince Peter to allow him to wash his feet. Jesus implies that Peter must let him wash his feet if he wants to continue being a disciple. AT: "If I wash you, you will always belong with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/10.md b/jhn/13/10.md index a2bc3bbf20..8cc8ff084a 100644 --- a/jhn/13/10.md +++ b/jhn/13/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] +Jesus continues to speak to Simon Peter. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **but not all of you** - The word "you" here refers to the disciples. -* **Not all of you are clean.** - AT: "Not all of you are free from guilt." +Jesus uses the word "you" to refer to all of his disciples. + +# He who is bathed has no need, except to wash his feet + +Here "bathed" is a metaphor that means that God has cleansed a person spiritually. AT: "If anyone has already received God's forgiveness, he now only needs to receive cleansing from his daily sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Not all of you are clean + +Jesus implies that the one who will betray him, Judas, has not trusted in him. Therefore God has not forgiven him of his sins. AT: "Not all of you have received God's forgiveness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/12.md b/jhn/13/12.md index ad9e17d810..cb2804f9a7 100644 --- a/jhn/13/12.md +++ b/jhn/13/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you know what I have done for you? -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +This remark appears in the form of a question so Jesus can emphasize the importance of what he is teaching his disciples. AT: "You need to understand what I have done for you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# You call me 'teacher' and 'Lord,' -* **Do you understand what I have done for you?** - AT: "You need to understand what I have done for you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here Jesus implies that his disciples have great respect for him. AT: "You show me great respect when you call me 'teacher' and 'Lord.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you should also do just as I did for you + +Jesus implies that his disciples should be willing to follow his example and serve one another. AT: "you should also humbly serve each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/16.md b/jhn/13/16.md index cad00823b3..86924673bc 100644 --- a/jhn/13/16.md +++ b/jhn/13/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Jesus continues to speak to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# Truly, truly +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# greater + +"more important" + +# you are blessed + +Here "bless" means to cause good, beneficial things to happen to a person. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this so that the scripture will be fulfilled + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "this is in order to fulfill the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He who eats my bread lifted up his heel against me + +Here the phrase "eats my bread" is an idiom for someone who pretends to be a friend. The phrase "lifted up his heel" is also an idiom, which means someone who has become an enemy. If you have idioms in your language that carry these meanings, you can use them here. AT: "the one who has pretended to be my friend has turned out to be an enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/19.md b/jhn/13/19.md index dc1323a241..3adfc31247 100644 --- a/jhn/13/19.md +++ b/jhn/13/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I tell you this now before it happens -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +"I am telling you now what is going to happen before it happens" -## translationNotes +# you may believe that I AM -* **I AM** - This is how God named himself to Moses. It is a sacred name for God that was well known among the Jews. +"you may believe that I am who I said I am" or "you may believe that I am the Messiah" + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/21.md b/jhn/13/21.md index afc34399c7..8c6861f935 100644 --- a/jhn/13/21.md +++ b/jhn/13/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# troubled -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +concerned, upset -## translationNotes +# Truly, truly -* **troubled** - concerned, upset +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# The disciples looked at each other, wondering of whom he was speaking + +"The disciples looked at each other and wondered: "Who will betray Jesus?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/23.md b/jhn/13/23.md index 1251bb1ccd..b7fbf3f142 100644 --- a/jhn/13/23.md +++ b/jhn/13/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# One of his disciples, whom Jesus loved -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +This refers to John. -## translationNotes +# lying down at the table -* **There was at the table reclining** - In that culture people would eat at a low table while lying on their side. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Jesus' bosom** - Jesus' chest -* **Jesus' breast** - Jesus' chest -* **the one whom Jesus loved** - This refers to John. +During the time of Christ, Jews would often dine together in the Greek style, in which they lay on their sides on low couches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jesus' side + +Lying with one's head against the side of another diner in the Greek style was considered to be the place of greatest friendship with him. + +# loved + +This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/26.md b/jhn/13/26.md index 51085f7019..5049f75b3c 100644 --- a/jhn/13/26.md +++ b/jhn/13/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Iscariot -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +This indicates that Judas was from the village of Kerioth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Then after the bread -* **Iscariot** - from the village of Kerioth (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +The words "Judas took" are understood from the context. AT: "Then after Judas took the bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Satan entered into him + +This is an idiom that means Satan took complete control of Judas. AT: "Satan took control of him" or "Satan started to command him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so Jesus said to him + +Here Jesus is speaking to Judas. + +# What you are doing, do it quickly + +"Do quickly what you are planning to do!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/28.md b/jhn/13/28.md index 90a6099962..310b04185e 100644 --- a/jhn/13/28.md +++ b/jhn/13/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# that he should give something to the poor -* [[en:tw:festival]] +You can translate this as a direct quote: "Go and give some money to the poor." -## translationNotes +# he went out immediately. It was night -* **that he should give something to the poor** - This could be translated as a direct quote: "Go and give some money to the poor." +John seems to draw attention here to the fact that Judas will do his evil or "dark" deed in the darkness of the night. AT: "he went out immediately into the dark night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/31.md b/jhn/13/31.md index b9f49473cf..ae5a51329f 100644 --- a/jhn/13/31.md +++ b/jhn/13/31.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in him -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Now people are about to see how the Son of Man will receive honor and how God will receive honor through what the Son of Man is doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# God will glorify him in himself, and he will glorify him immediately -* **little children** - Jesus uses the term "little children" to communicate that He loves the disciples as though they were His children. +The word "him" refers to the Son of Man. The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that refers to God. AT: "God himself will immediately give honor to the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# Little children + +Jesus uses the term "Little children" to communicate that he loves the disciples as though they were his children. + +# as I said to the Jews + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "as I said to the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/34.md b/jhn/13/34.md index 37038273c7..b7be462906 100644 --- a/jhn/13/34.md +++ b/jhn/13/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# love -* **all people** - The term "all people" refers to those people who see the disciples' love for each other. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This is the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# everyone + +You may need to make explicit that this exaggeration refers only to those people who see how the disciples love each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/36.md b/jhn/13/36.md index 34c37a96e6..ab44c60ab8 100644 --- a/jhn/13/36.md +++ b/jhn/13/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# lay down my life -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +"give up my life" or "die" -## translationNotes +# Will you lay down your life for me? -* **lay down my life** - "give up my life" or "die" -* **Will you lay down your life for me?** - AT: "You say that you will die for me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' statement. AT: "You say that you will die for me, but the truth is that you will not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the rooster will not crow before you have denied me three times + +"you will say that you do not know me three times before the rooster crows" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/intro.md b/jhn/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..709842a46a --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# John 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the last supper or the Lord's supper. This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus' sacrifice as the lamb of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "To wash the disciples' feet" ##### +Feet were considered very dirty in the ancient Near East. It was normally the servant who was responsible for washing the feet of his master. This act would have been considered humiliating for Jesus, which is why the disciples did not want him to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Washing ##### +The image of washing is used here on the eve of Jesus' death. It is Jesus who is able to make people clean. This image represents the ability "to make righteous." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]). + +##### "I am ... " ##### + +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Some languages may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/01.md b/jhn/14/01.md index eba15d3bde..d38265e162 100644 --- a/jhn/14/01.md +++ b/jhn/14/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] +The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them. -## translationNotes +# Do not let your heart be troubled +This is an idiom. To have a troubled heart means to be worried or anxious. AT: "Stop being so anxious and worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# In the house of my Father are many rooms + +"there are many places to live in my Father's house" + +# In the house of my Father + +This refers to heaven, where God lives. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# many rooms + +The word "room" can refer to a single room, or to a larger dwelling. + +# I am going to prepare a place for you + +Jesus will prepare a place in heaven for every person who trusts in him. The "you" is plural and refers to all his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/04.md b/jhn/14/04.md index 218176299e..15e5cf1a97 100644 --- a/jhn/14/04.md +++ b/jhn/14/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# how can we know the way? -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:thomas]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"how can we know how to get there?" -## translationNotes +# the way +This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) "the way to God" or 2) "the one who takes people to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the truth + +This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) "the true person" or 2) "the one who speaks true words about God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the life + +This is a metaphor that means Jesus can give life to people. AT: "the one who can make people alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no one comes to the Father except through me + +People can come to God and live with him only by trusting Jesus. AT: "No one can come to the Father and live with him unless he comes through me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/08.md b/jhn/14/08.md index 2873dedcb4..be125527a1 100644 --- a/jhn/14/08.md +++ b/jhn/14/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Lord, show us the Father -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:philiptheapostle]] +The "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# I have been with you for so long and you still do not know me, Philip? -* **"Have I been so long with you, and you still do not know me, Philip?** - AT: "I have been with you-plural already for a very long time, and apparently you-singular still do not know me, Philip." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **how can you say, 'Show us the Father'?** - AT: "so you-singular really should not be saying, 'Show us the Father.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' words. AT: "Philip, I have been with you disciples already for a very long time. You should know me by now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Whoever has seen me has seen the Father + +To see Jesus, who is God the Son, is to see God the Father. The "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# How can you say, 'Show us the Father'? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus' words to Philip. AT: "So you really should not be saying, 'Show us the Father!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/10.md b/jhn/14/10.md index 70d30be291..b79a0f237b 100644 --- a/jhn/14/10.md +++ b/jhn/14/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] +Jesus asks Philip a question and then he continues to speak to all of his disciples. -## translationNotes +# Do you not believe ... in me? -* **Do you not believe** - Do you-singular not believe (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **The words that I am speaking to you** - "The words that I am speaking to you-plural" (See: :[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **The words that I am speaking to you I speak not of my own accord;** - "The messages that I tell you do not come from me." +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus' words to Philip. AT: "You really should believe ... in me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# The words that I say to you I do not speak from my own authority + +"What I am telling you is not from me" or "The words I tell you are not from me" + +# The words that I say to you + +Here "you" is plural. Jesus is now speaking to all of his disciples. + +# I am in the Father, and the Father is in me + +This is an idiom that means God the Father and Jesus have a unique relationship. AT: "I am one with the Father, and the Father is one with me" or "my Father and I are just as though we were one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/12.md b/jhn/14/12.md index 2248dea9b8..6f4305a8a9 100644 --- a/jhn/14/12.md +++ b/jhn/14/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly, truly -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -## translationNotes +# believes in me +This means to believe that Jesus is the Son of God. + +# Whatever you ask in my name + +Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. AT: "Whatever you ask, using my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that the Father will be glorified in the Son + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so I can show everyone how great my Father is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# If you ask me anything in my name, I will do it + +Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. AT: "If you ask me anything as one of my followers, I will do it" or "Whatever you ask of me, I will do it because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/15.md b/jhn/14/15.md index a608115a88..a71595219b 100644 --- a/jhn/14/15.md +++ b/jhn/14/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Comforter -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This refers to the Holy Spirit. -## translationNotes +# Spirit of truth -* **Comforter** - the Holy Spirit; “the one who comes near to help”, or “the one who comforts” or “the one who helps” -* **Spirit of truth** - the Holy Spirit. -* **the world** - people who do not trust Jesus. +This refers to the Holy Spirit who teaches people what is true about God. + +# The world cannot receive him + +Here the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. AT: "The unbelieving people in this world will never welcome him" or "Those who oppose God will not accept him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/18.md b/jhn/14/18.md index 5f3ce5e2d6..c693b720c2 100644 --- a/jhn/14/18.md +++ b/jhn/14/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# leave you alone -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here Jesus implies that he will not leave his disciples with no one to care for them. AT: "leave you with no one to care for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the world -* **the world** - the people who do not belong to God (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the "world" is a metonym that represents the people who do not belong to God. AT: "the unbelievers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will know that I am in my Father + +God the Father and Jesus live as one person. AT: "you will know that my Father and I are truly one person." + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# you are in me, and that I am in you + +"you and I are just like one person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/21.md b/jhn/14/21.md index 26c1a79077..d10504e06a 100644 --- a/jhn/14/21.md +++ b/jhn/14/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# loves -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. -## translationNotes +# he who loves me will be loved by my Father +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "my Father will love anyone who loves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Judas (not Iscariot) + +This refers to another disciple whose name was Judas, not to the disciple who was from the village of Kerioth who betrayed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# why is it that you will show yourself to us + +Here the word "show" refers to revealing how wonderful Jesus is. AT: "Why will you reveal yourself only to us" or "Why will you only let us see how wonderful you are?" + +# not to the world + +Here "world" is a metonym that represents the people who oppose God. AT: "not to those who do not belong to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/23.md b/jhn/14/23.md index ba30fff501..9bb39cd3c4 100644 --- a/jhn/14/23.md +++ b/jhn/14/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus responds to Judas (not Iscariot). -## translationNotes +# If anyone loves me, he will keep my word +"The one who loves me will do what I have told him to do" + +# loves + +This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# My Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# we will come to him and we will make our home with him + +The Father and the Son will share life with those who obey what Jesus commands. AT: "we will come to live with him, and will have a personal relationship with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The word that you hear is not from me but from the Father who sent me + +"The things I have told you are not things that I have decided to say on my own" + +# The word + +Here the "word" is a metonym for the message that Jesus brings from God. AT: "The message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that you hear + +Here when Jesus says "you" he is speaking to all of his disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/25.md b/jhn/14/25.md index 7d716ceec7..1dd36cc20a 100644 --- a/jhn/14/25.md +++ b/jhn/14/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Comforter -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This refers to the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in [John 14:16](./15.md). -## translationNotes +# Father +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in my name + +Here the word "name" is a metonym that represents Jesus' power and authority. AT: "because of me" or "for my sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# world + +The "world" is a metonym that represents those people who do not love God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not let your heart be troubled, and do not be afraid + +"To have a troubled heart" is an idiom that means to be very anxious or afraid. Here Jesus speaks of the heart as if it were a person. AT: "So stop being anxious, and do not be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/28.md b/jhn/14/28.md index 216ae82b2a..0e9456c1a6 100644 --- a/jhn/14/28.md +++ b/jhn/14/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# loved -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +This kind of love comes from God and desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. -## translationNotes +# I am going to the Father -* **is greater than I.** - "has greater authority than I have here." +Here Jesus implies that he will return to his Father. AT: "I am going back to the Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Father is greater than I + +Here Jesus implies that the Father has greater authority than the Son while the Son is on the earth. AT: "the Father has greater authority than I have here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/30.md b/jhn/14/30.md index 1fc6bfa9ed..896c77ab7f 100644 --- a/jhn/14/30.md +++ b/jhn/14/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# ruler of this world -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here "ruler" refers to Satan. See how you translated this in [John 12:31](../12/30.md). AT: "Satan who rules this world" -## translationNotes +# ruler ... is coming -* **prince of this world** - This is a title for the devil, Satan. +Here Jesus implies that Satan is coming to attack him. AT: "Satan is coming to attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in order that the world will know + +Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. AT: "in order that the ones who do not belong to God may know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/intro.md b/jhn/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fc545e7ec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# John 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "My Father's house" ##### +This is not a reference to the temple. Instead, it is a reference to the dwelling place of God in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +##### Comforter ##### +This is another name for the Holy Spirit, along with the "Spirit of Truth." He was already present in the world, but would come in a special way, to dwell in Christians, permanently. Jesus and the Holy Spirit are both God; because of this fact, it can be said that Jesus will live in Christians after his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/01.md b/jhn/15/01.md index 078d0eadd2..54cee93562 100644 --- a/jhn/15/01.md +++ b/jhn/15/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them. -## translationNotes +# I am the true vine -* Jesus continues speaking to the disciples. -* **I am the true vine** - Jesus compares himself to a vine or a vine stem. He means that he is the source of life that causes people to live in a way that pleases God. AT: "I am like a trustworthy vine that will produce good fruit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and my Father is the vine grower** - A "vine grower" is a person who takes care of the vine to ensure it is as fruitful as possible. God the Father takes care of Jesus and makes sure those who follow him live in a pleasing manner. AT: "my Father is like a gardener" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He takes away every branch in me that bears no fruit, and he cleans every branch that bears fruit so that it may bear more fruit.** - People are like the branches connected to the vine. God cares for them so that those who belong to Jesus will be able to live in a way that is pleasing to him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **takes away** - Most version understand this to mean "cut off and take away" (UDB). There is also a minority view that it means to lift of the branches from the ground so they will begin to produce fruit. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the "true vine" is a metaphor. Jesus compares himself to a vine or a vine stem. He is the source of life that causes people to live in a way that pleases God. AT: "I am like a vine that produces good fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my Father is the gardener + +The "gardener" is a metaphor. A "gardener" is a person who takes care of the vine to ensure it is as fruitful as possible. AT: "my Father is like a gardener" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# He takes away every branch in me that does not bear fruit, and he prunes every branch that bears fruit so that it will bear more fruit + +Here the "branch" is a metaphor that represents each person who belongs to Jesus. God cares for them so that they will be able to live in a way that is pleasing to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# takes away + +"cuts off and takes away" + +# prunes every branch + +"trims every branch" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/03.md b/jhn/15/03.md index 45d4beb4ba..8bd0abc422 100644 --- a/jhn/15/03.md +++ b/jhn/15/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You are already clean because of the message that I have spoken to you -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +The implied metaphor here is the "clean branches" that have already been "pruned." AT: "It is as if you have already been pruned and are clean branches because you have obeyed what I have taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you -* **You are** - The word "you" throughout this passage is plural and refers to the disciples of Jesus. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **Already you are clean because of the message that I have spoken to you.** - Alternate translation: "It is as if you have already been pruned and are clean branches because you have obeyed what I have taught to you." See: ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "you" throughout this passage is plural and refers to the disciples of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Remain in me, and I in you + +"If you remain joined to me, I will remain joined to you" or "Remain joined to me, and I will remain joined to you" + +# unless you remain in me + +By remaining in Christ, those who belong to him depend on him for everything. AT: "unless you stay joined to me and depend upon me for everything." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/05.md b/jhn/15/05.md index a3455c512a..b1ec3fab79 100644 --- a/jhn/15/05.md +++ b/jhn/15/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I am the vine, you are the branches -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] +The "vine" is a metaphor that represents Jesus. The "branches" is a metaphor that represent those who trust in Jesus and belong to him. AT: "I am like a vine, and you are like branches that are attached to the vine."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He who remains in me and I in him -* **I am the vine; you are the branches** - Alternate translation: "I am like the vine; you are like the branches" See: ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he is thrown away like a branch** - "The vinedresser throws him away like a branch" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here Jesus implies that his followers are joined to him as he is joined to God. AT: "He who stays joined to me, as I stay joined to my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he bears much fruit + +The implied metaphor here is the fruitful branch that represents the believer who pleases God. Just as a branch that is attached to the vine will bear much fruit, those who stay joined to Jesus will do many things that please God. AT: "you will bear much fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is thrown away like a branch and dries up + +Here the implied metaphor is the unfruitful branch that represents those who do not stay joined to Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the vinedresser throws him away like a branch and it dries up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). + +# they are burned up + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the fire burns them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ask whatever you wish + +Jesus implies that believers must ask God to answer their prayers. AT: "ask God whatever you wish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it will be done for you + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "he will do it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/08.md b/jhn/15/08.md index d1d5fb8c97..88f8b3a9da 100644 --- a/jhn/15/08.md +++ b/jhn/15/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# My Father is glorified in this -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "It causes people to honor my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# My Father -* **that you be my disciples** - "show you are my disciples" or "demonstrate you are my disciples" -* **remain in my love** - "continue to be aware of how much I love you" +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# that you bear much fruit + +Here "fruit" is a metaphor for living to please God. AT: "when you live in a way that pleases him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are my disciples + +"show you are my disciples" or "demonstrate you are my disciples" + +# As the Father has loved me, I have also loved you + +Jesus shares the love that God the Father has for him with those who trust in him. Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Remain in my love + +"Continue to accept my love" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/10.md b/jhn/15/10.md index 987b3600e6..7a8548cb6a 100644 --- a/jhn/15/10.md +++ b/jhn/15/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love, as I have kept the commandments of my Father and remain in his love -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] +When Jesus' followers obey him, they show their love for him. AT: "When you do the things I have told you to do, you are living in my love, just as I obey my Father and live in his love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# my Father -* **If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love as I have kept my Father’s commandments and remain in his love.** - "If you obey what I have taught you, you will continue to be aware of my love for you, just as I obey my Father's commands and am continually aware of his love." +Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I have spoken these things to you so that my joy will be in you + +"I have told you these things so that you will have the same kind of joy that I have" + +# so that your joy will be complete + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that you will be completely joyful" or "so that your joy may have nothing missing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/12.md b/jhn/15/12.md index 66b3b81c66..4bc77029f6 100644 --- a/jhn/15/12.md +++ b/jhn/15/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# No one has a love greater than this -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This kind of love comes from God and desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. AT: "You can have no greater love than this." -## translationNotes +# life +This refers to physical life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/14.md b/jhn/15/14.md index 64d88b5ee4..476d888a62 100644 --- a/jhn/15/14.md +++ b/jhn/15/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# everything that I heard from my Father, I have made known to you -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"I have told you everything my Father told me" -## translationNotes +# my Father +Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/16.md b/jhn/15/16.md index 630eae433d..6562f2b49b 100644 --- a/jhn/15/16.md +++ b/jhn/15/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You did not choose me -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Jesus implies that his followers did not decide on their own to become his disciples. AT: "You did not decide to become my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# go and bear fruit +Here "fruit" is a metaphor that represents a life that is pleasing to God. AT: "live lives that please God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that your fruit should remain + +"that the results of what you do should last forever" + +# whatever you ask of the Father in my name, he will give it to you + +Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. AT: "Because you belong to me, whatever you ask of the Father, he will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/18.md b/jhn/15/18.md index a7b19b6b2d..353cee33ef 100644 --- a/jhn/15/18.md +++ b/jhn/15/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If the world hates you ... therefore the world hates you -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus uses the term "world" in these verses as a metonym to refer to the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# love -* **If the world hates you ... reason the world hates you** - Jesus is using the term "world" in these verses to refer to the people who do not belong to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to human, brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/20.md b/jhn/15/20.md index aff048386c..5c79a170bd 100644 --- a/jhn/15/20.md +++ b/jhn/15/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Remember the word that I said to you -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "word" is a metonym for the message of Jesus. AT: "Remember the message that I spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# because of my name +Here "because of my name" is a metonym that represents Jesus. People will make his followers suffer because they belong to him. AT: "because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have sin, but now they have no excuse for their sin + +Jesus implies here that he has shared God's message with those who do not trust him. AT: "Because I have come and told them God's message, they have no excuse when God judges them for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/23.md b/jhn/15/23.md index 06cc2faf2c..95d85c83a2 100644 --- a/jhn/15/23.md +++ b/jhn/15/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He who hates me also hates my Father ... they have seen and hated both me and my Father -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +To hate God the Son is to hate God the Father. -## translationNotes +# Father -* **word may be fulfilled** - "prophecy may be fulfilled" +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# If I had not done the works that no one else did among them, they would have no sin, but + +You can translate this double negative in a positive form. AT: "Because I have done among them the works that no one else did, they have had sin, and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# they would have no sin + +"they would not have any sin." See how you translated this in [John 15:22](./20.md). + +# to fulfill the word that is written in their law + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to fulfill the prophecy in their law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# law + +This refers generally to the entire Old Testament, which contained all of God's instructions for his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/26.md b/jhn/15/26.md index 268fd5c3a2..488ec75aa5 100644 --- a/jhn/15/26.md +++ b/jhn/15/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the Comforter -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This refers to the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in [John 14:16](../14/15.md). -## translationNotes +# will send ... from the Father ... the Spirit of truth ... he will testify about me -* **the Comforter** - the Holy Spirit, "One who encourages" or "One who helps" +God the Father sent God the Spirit to show the world that Jesus is God the Son. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the Spirit of truth + +This is a title for the Holy Spirit. AT: "the Spirit who tells the truth about God and me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You are also testifying + +Here "testifying" means to tell others about Jesus. AT: "You also must tell everyone what you know about me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the beginning + +Here the "beginning" is a metonym that means the first days of Jesus' ministry. AT: "from the very first days when I began teaching the people and doing miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/intro.md b/jhn/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..051145b37b --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# John 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Vine ##### +The vine is an important image in scripture. This chapter forms a complex and extended metaphor. The various aspects of this image and how it is used will cause translation issues in any culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "I am ... " ##### + +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/01.md b/jhn/16/01.md index 6e5d32ca14..667bf8ddcc 100644 --- a/jhn/16/01.md +++ b/jhn/16/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them. -## translationNotes +# you will not fall away +Here the phrase "fall away" implies to stop putting one's trust in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that you would not stop trusting in me because of the difficulties you must face." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hour is coming when everyone who kills you will think that he is offering a service to God + +"it will someday happen that a person will kill you and think he is doing something good for God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/03.md b/jhn/16/03.md index 774fb690a7..74d0bf1db1 100644 --- a/jhn/16/03.md +++ b/jhn/16/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They will do these things because they have not known the Father nor me -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] +They will kill some believers because they do not know God the Father or Jesus. -## translationNotes +# Father +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# when their hour comes + +Here "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time when people will persecute Jesus' followers. AT: "when they cause you to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the beginning + +This is a metonym that refers to the first days of Jesus' ministry. AT: "when you first started following me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/05.md b/jhn/16/05.md index 232b866049..8417b4b223 100644 --- a/jhn/16/05.md +++ b/jhn/16/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# sadness has filled your heart -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This is an idiom that means the disciples are very sad. AT: "you are now very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# if I do not go away, the Comforter will not come to you -* **I will send him** - the Comforter or Holy Spirit (See: [[:en:obe:kt:holyspirit]]) +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "the Comforter will come to you only if I go away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Comforter + +This is a title for the Holy Spirit who will be with the disciples after Jesus goes away. See how you translated this in [John 14:26](../14/25.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/08.md b/jhn/16/08.md index 992b1acf5d..ec47eda1bb 100644 --- a/jhn/16/08.md +++ b/jhn/16/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the Comforter will prove the world to be wrong about sin ... righteousness ... I am going to the Father -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +When the Holy Spirit came, he began to show people that they are sinners. -## translationNotes +# Comforter -* **regarding righteousness, because I am going to the Father, and you will see me no more;** - "He will tell people that because I am going back to my Father, and you will no longer see me, you will know that I am the one who was truly righteous." -* **the prince of this world** - Satan, the ruler of the corrupt things in the world. You should translate "the prince of this world" in the same manner as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:12:30]]) +This refers to the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in [John 14:16](../14/15.md). + +# world + +This is a metonym that refers to the people in the world.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# about sin, because they do not believe in me + +"they are guilty of sin because they do not trust in me" + +# about righteousness, because I am going to the Father, and you will no longer see me + +"when I return to God, and they see me no more, they will know that I did the right things" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# about judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged + +"God will hold them accountable and will punish them for their sins, just as he will punish Satan, the one who rules this world" + +# the ruler of this world + +Here "ruler" refers to Satan. See how you translated this in [John 12:31](../12/30.md). AT: "Satan who rules this world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/12.md b/jhn/16/12.md index 027eb14310..c73aa3996f 100644 --- a/jhn/16/12.md +++ b/jhn/16/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# things to say to you -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"messages for you" or "words for you" -## translationNotes +# the Spirit of Truth +This is a name for the Holy Spirit who will tell the people the truth about God. + +# he will guide you into all the truth + +The "truth" refers to spiritual truth. AT: "he will teach you all the spiritual truth you need to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will say whatever he hears + +Jesus implies that God the Father will speak to the Spirit. AT: "he will say whatever God tells him to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you + +Here "things of mine" refers to Jesus' teaching and mighty works. AT: "he will reveal to you that what I have said and done are indeed true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/15.md b/jhn/16/15.md index 02f8ab63c3..c803a6bb46 100644 --- a/jhn/16/15.md +++ b/jhn/16/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Father -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# the Spirit will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you +The Holy Spirit will tell people that the words and works of Jesus are true. AT: "The Holy Spirit will tell everyone that my words and works are true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In a short amount of time + +"Soon" or "Before much time passes" + +# after another short amount of time + +"again, before much time passes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/17.md b/jhn/16/17.md index cc3051aaec..cff651feb8 100644 --- a/jhn/16/17.md +++ b/jhn/16/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] +There is a break in Jesus' speaking as his disciples ask each other about what Jesus meant. -## translationNotes +# A short amount of time you will no longer see me +The disciples did not understand that this refers to Jesus' death on the cross. + +# after another short amount of time you will see me + +Possible meanings are 1) This could refer to Jesus' resurrection or 2) This could refer to Jesus' coming at the end of time. + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/19.md b/jhn/16/19.md index 5b9d4e617c..7dd07c2f37 100644 --- a/jhn/16/19.md +++ b/jhn/16/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# Is this what you are asking yourselves, what I meant by saying, ... see me'? -* **Do you ask yourselves, concerning this, that I said** - Jesus uses this question to focus his disciples on what he has just told them so he can explain further. AT: "You are asking yourselves what I meant when I said" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) and (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) +Jesus uses this question so his disciples will focus on what he has just told them, so he can explain further. AT: "You are asking yourselves what I meant when I said, ... see me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Truly, truly, I say to you + +Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# but the world will be glad + +Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God. AT: "but the people who oppose God will be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but your sorrow will be turned into joy + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "but your sadness will turn into joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/22.md b/jhn/16/22.md index eab9c84bd1..4ca349c2e0 100644 --- a/jhn/16/22.md +++ b/jhn/16/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# your heart will be glad -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] +This is an idiom that speaks of the heart as if it were a person. AT: "you will be very happy" or "you will be very joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Truly, truly, I say to you -* **in my name** - "with my authority" or "on my behalf" +Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# if you ask anything of the Father in my name, he will give it to you + +Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. AT: "if you ask anything of the Father, he will give it to you because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in my name + +Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. The Father will honor the requests of the believers because of their relationship with Jesus. AT: "because you are my followers" or "on my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your joy will be fulfilled + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will give you great joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/25.md b/jhn/16/25.md index 215ee84135..f13ee232da 100644 --- a/jhn/16/25.md +++ b/jhn/16/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in figures of speech -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] +"in language that is not clear" -## translationNotes +# the hour is coming +"it will soon happen" + +# tell you plainly about the Father + +"tell you about the Father in a way that you will clearly understand." + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/26.md b/jhn/16/26.md index f805bd2638..8ef3c7a845 100644 --- a/jhn/16/26.md +++ b/jhn/16/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# you will ask in my name -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here "name" is a metonym for the person and authority of Jesus. AT: "you will ask because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the Father himself loves you because you have loved me +When a person loves Jesus, the Son, they also love the Father, because the Father and Son are one. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I came from the Father ... I am leaving the world and I am going to the Father + +After his death and resurrection, Jesus will return to God the Father. + +# I came from the Father ... going to the Father + +Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# world + +The "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/29.md b/jhn/16/29.md index 823bd8a10f..50ae9ec49b 100644 --- a/jhn/16/29.md +++ b/jhn/16/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +The disciples respond to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# Do you believe now? -* **Do you now believe?** - AT: "Now you finally place your trust in me!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This remarks appears in the form of a question to show that Jesus is puzzled that his disciples are only now ready to trust him. AT: "So, now you finally place your trust in me! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/32.md b/jhn/16/32.md index 18f31551a1..0ade0ce286 100644 --- a/jhn/16/32.md +++ b/jhn/16/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# you will be scattered -* **I have overcome the world** - "I have defeated those who are against God" (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "others will scatter you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Father is with me + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# so that you will have peace in me + +Here "peace" refers to inner peace. AT: "so that you may have inner peace because of your relationship with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have conquered the world + +Here "the world" refers to the troubles and persecution that believers will endure from those who oppose God. AT: "I have conquered the troubles of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/intro.md b/jhn/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40d2be43f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# John 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Comforter ##### +This is another name for the Holy Spirit, who is also called the "Spirit of truth." He was already present in the world, but would come in a special way, to dwell in Christians, permanently. Jesus and the Holy Spirit are both God; because of this fact, it can be said that Jesus will live in Christians after his death. This is one of the reasons why it is "better for you that I go away." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) + +##### "The hour is coming" ##### +This is a phrase that can also be translated as "the time is coming." Jesus refers to the time after his death as this coming hour. When used, it can be seen as a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Jesus compares his death to the pains of a woman giving birth. It is through pain that new life comes. It is doubtful that the audience would have understood the metaphor when it was spoken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/01.md b/jhn/17/01.md index af33858ad9..0641b0f132 100644 --- a/jhn/17/01.md +++ b/jhn/17/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus had been speaking to his disciples, but now he begins to pray to God. -## translationNotes +# he lifted up his eyes to the heavens +This is an idiom that means to look upward. AT: "he looked up to the sky." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# heavens + +This refers to the sky. + +# Father ... glorify your Son so that the Son will glorify you + +Jesus asks God the Father to honor him so that he can give honor to God. + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the hour has come + +Here the word "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time for Jesus to suffer and die. AT: "it is time for me to suffer and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all flesh + +This refers to all people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/03.md b/jhn/17/03.md index d235eedc51..b55f493aea 100644 --- a/jhn/17/03.md +++ b/jhn/17/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This is eternal life ... know you, the only true God, and ... Jesus Christ -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Eternal life is to know the only true God, God the Father and God the Son. -## translationNotes +# the work that you have given me to do -* Jesus continues to pray -* **that they should know you** - "know" God by experience, rather than just "knowing" things about God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the work that you have given me to do - ** - **"The work" refers to Jesus' entire earthly gospel ministry. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "work" is a metonym that refers to Jesus' entire earthly ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Father, glorify me ... with the glory that I had with you before the world was made + +Jesus had glory with God the Father "before the world was made" because Jesus is God the Son. AT: "Father, give me honor by bringing me into your presence as we were before we made the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/06.md b/jhn/17/06.md index 241baa490e..fb63f2b780 100644 --- a/jhn/17/06.md +++ b/jhn/17/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +Jesus begins to pray for his disciples. -## translationNotes +# I revealed your name -* **out of the world** - All the people who reject belief in God (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **kept your word** - "obeyed your teaching" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the person of God. AT: "I taught them who you really are and what you are like." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the world + +Here "world" is a metonym that refers to the people of the world that oppose God. This means that God has separated the believers spiritually from the people who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# kept your word + +This is an idiom that means to obey. AT: "obeyed your teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/09.md b/jhn/17/09.md index 5c4238356e..8179ce8025 100644 --- a/jhn/17/09.md +++ b/jhn/17/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I do not pray for the world -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here the word "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. AT: "I am not praying for those who do not belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# in the world +This is a metonym that refers to being on earth and being among the people who oppose God. AT: "among the people who do not belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Holy Father, keep them ... that they will be one ... as we are one + +Jesus asks the Father to keep those who trust in him so they can have a close relationship with God. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# keep them in your name that you have given me + +Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to God's protection and oversight. AT: "keep them under the protection of your name just as you have protected me" or "protect them by the power of your name that you have given me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/12.md b/jhn/17/12.md index c84868df2a..dc51595220 100644 --- a/jhn/17/12.md +++ b/jhn/17/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I kept them in your name -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the power and protection of God. AT: "I kept them with your protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# not one of them was destroyed, except for the son of destruction -* **so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled** - Those things written in the Scriptures (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"the only one among them who was destroyed is the son of destruction" + +# the son of destruction + +This refers to Judas, who betrayed Jesus. AT: "the one whom you long ago decided you would destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that the scriptures would be fulfilled + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to fulfill the prophecy about him in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the world + +Here "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that they will have my joy fulfilled in themselves + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that you might give them great joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the world ... because they are not of the world ... I am not of the world + +Here "the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. AT: "The people who oppose you have hated my followers because they do not belong to those who do not believe, just as I do not belong to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/15.md b/jhn/17/15.md index 34ac6094ba..81cf14640e 100644 --- a/jhn/17/15.md +++ b/jhn/17/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the world -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +In this passage, "the world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# keep them from the evil one +This refers to Satan. AT: "protect them from Satan, the evil one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Set them apart by the truth + +The purpose for setting them apart can be stated clearly. The phrase "by the truth" here represents by teaching the truth. AT: "Make them your own people by teaching them the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Your word is truth + +"Your message is true" or "What you say is true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/18.md b/jhn/17/18.md index fb95e07476..c6a15d8ad7 100644 --- a/jhn/17/18.md +++ b/jhn/17/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# into the world -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Here into "the world" is a metonym that means to the people who live in the world. AT: "to the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# so that they themselves may also be set apart in truth -* **into the world** - every person and place throughout the world. (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for their sakes** - "for their benefit" or "for their good" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that they may also set apart themselves truly to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/20.md b/jhn/17/20.md index d98c885a28..2cfc5c3801 100644 --- a/jhn/17/20.md +++ b/jhn/17/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they will all be one ... just as you, Father, are in me, and I am in you ... they will also be in us -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Those who trust in Jesus become united with the Father and the Son when they believe. -## translationNotes +# Father +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the world + +Here the "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not yet know God. AT: "the people who do not know God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/22.md b/jhn/17/22.md index a868130db4..0c85069a32 100644 --- a/jhn/17/22.md +++ b/jhn/17/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The glory that you gave me, I have given to them -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] +"I have honored my followers just as you have honored me" -## translationNotes +# so that they will be one, just as we are one +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that you can unite them just as you have united us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that they may be brought to complete unity + +"that they may be completely united" + +# that the world will know + +Here "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not know God. AT: "that all the people will know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# loved + +This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/24.md b/jhn/17/24.md index fc5a98faa6..7d74dc912c 100644 --- a/jhn/17/24.md +++ b/jhn/17/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Father +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# where I am +Here "where I am" refers to heaven. AT: "with me in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to see my glory + +"to see my greatness" + +# before the creation of the world + +Here Jesus refers to the time before creation. AT: "before we created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/25.md b/jhn/17/25.md index 4ef6a671f6..969a413b0f 100644 --- a/jhn/17/25.md +++ b/jhn/17/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus finishes his prayer. -## translationNotes +# Righteous Father -* **the world did not know you, but I know you; and these know that you sent me** - "The world does not have the experience of knowing you as I know you; and these know that you have sent me" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the world did not know you + +The "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. AT: "those who do not belong to you do not know what you are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I made your name known to them + +The word "name" refers to God. AT: "I have revealed to them what you are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# love ... loved + +This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/intro.md b/jhn/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7052b8dfa8 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# John 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms one long prayer. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The eternality of Jesus ##### +This chapter makes it clear that Jesus existed before the world was created. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prayer ##### +Prayer can be a difficult concept to translate in cultures not familiar with this practice. Since Jesus is God, his prayers are not like the prayers of other men. This chapter can be especially difficult to understand because Jesus does not have a real "need" to pray in order to ask for help, and his prayers can also sound like a command. It would be unacceptable for someone else to pray in this manner. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/01.md b/jhn/18/01.md index 8cc8f1e7d4..fd9ec61b25 100644 --- a/jhn/18/01.md +++ b/jhn/18/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] +This is the next part of the story, which includes Jesus' arrest. Verse 1 tells us the setting of the story and verse 2 tells us background knowledge about Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Kidron Valley +a valley in Jerusalem separating the Temple Mount from the Mount of Olives (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# where there was a garden + +This was a grove of olive trees. AT: "where there was a grove of olive trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/04.md b/jhn/18/04.md index 9eaae82a54..64f55089b0 100644 --- a/jhn/18/04.md +++ b/jhn/18/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] +Jesus begins to speak with the soldiers, officers, and Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# Then Jesus, who knew all the things that were happening to him -* **For whom are you looking** - "Who are you looking for?" -* **I am** - Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. Alternate translations: "I am he" or "I am that person." +"Then Jesus, who knew everything that was about to happen to him" + +# Jesus of Nazareth + +"Jesus, the man from Nazareth" + +# I am + +The word "he" is implied in the text. AT: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who betrayed him + +"who handed him over" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/06.md b/jhn/18/06.md index 66ecc37b73..3978cb1410 100644 --- a/jhn/18/06.md +++ b/jhn/18/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am +Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. AT: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# fell to the ground -* **I am** - While the word "he" is not present in the original text, it is implied. Alternate translations: "I am he" or "I am that person." +The men fell to the ground because of Jesus' power. AT: "fell down because of Jesus' power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jesus of Nazareth + +"Jesus, the man from Nazareth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/08.md b/jhn/18/08.md index 3590949cc5..0366c818e1 100644 --- a/jhn/18/08.md +++ b/jhn/18/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:word]] +In verse 9 there is a break from the main storyline as John tells us background information about Jesus fulfilling Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# I am +Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. AT: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# This was in order to fulfill the word that he said + +Here "the word" refers to the words Jesus had prayed. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "This happened in order to fulfill the words that he had said when he was praying to his Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/10.md b/jhn/18/10.md index cb3d9c1109..4191da30bf 100644 --- a/jhn/18/10.md +++ b/jhn/18/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Malchus -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] +Malchus is a male servant of the high priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# sheath -* **name was Malchus** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **into its sheath** - the cover for a sharp knife or sword so it would not cut the owner -* **cup** - This can refer to 1) the amount suffering that Jesus must accept (see UDB) or 2) the wrath of God that Jesus must endure in order to redeem his people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **should I not drink it?** - Jesus asks this question to emphasize that he must indeed suffer. Alternate translation: "I must drink it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +the cover for a sharp knife or sword, so the knife will not cut the owner + +# Should I not drink the cup that the Father has given me? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' statement. AT: "I must surely drink the cup that the Father has given to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the cup + +Here "cup" is a metaphor that refers to the suffering that Jesus must endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/12.md b/jhn/18/12.md index 2cccb6301e..c1b045b5ca 100644 --- a/jhn/18/12.md +++ b/jhn/18/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:caiaphas]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +Verse 14 tells us background information about Caiaphas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# the Jews +Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# seized Jesus and tied him up + +The soldiers tied Jesus' hands to prevent him from escaping. AT: "captured Jesus and tied him up to prevent him from escaping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/15.md b/jhn/18/15.md index 16b21c9549..45c0aef8f0 100644 --- a/jhn/18/15.md +++ b/jhn/18/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now that disciple was known to the high priest, and he entered with Jesus -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Now the high priest knew that disciple so he was able to enter with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest -* **another disciple. Now that disciple** - This is the Apostle John, the writer of this gospel. +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "So the other disciple, whom the high priest knew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/17.md b/jhn/18/17.md index 603bffdee7..83c93e6a63 100644 --- a/jhn/18/17.md +++ b/jhn/18/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Are you not also one of the disciples of this man? -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This appears in the form of a question to enable the servant to express her remark somewhat cautiously. AT: "You are also one of the arrested man's disciples! Are you not?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Now the servants and the officers were standing there, and they had made a charcoal fire, for it was cold, and they were warming themselves -* **Are you not also one of this man’s disciples?** - AT: "You are one of this man's disciples." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These were the high priest's servants and the temple guards. AT: "It was cold, so the high priest's servants and temple guards made a charcoal fire and were standing and warming themselves around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline so John can add the information about the people who were warming themselves around the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/19.md b/jhn/18/19.md index fe677446c5..24e6dd8737 100644 --- a/jhn/18/19.md +++ b/jhn/18/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here the storyline shifts back to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# The high priest -* **the high priest** - This was Caiphas. (See [[en:bible:notes:jhn:18:12]]) -* **spoke openly to the world** - Jesus has conducted his ministry in public. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **These people** - the people who heard Jesus teach +This was Caiphas. (See: [John 18:13](./12.md)) + +# about his disciples and his teaching + +Here "his teaching" refers to what Jesus had been teaching the people. AT: "about his disciples and what he had been teaching the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have spoken openly to the world + +You may need to make explicit that the word "world" is a metonym for those people who had heard Jesus teach. Here the exaggeration "the world" emphasizes that Jesus has spoken openly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# where all the Jews come together + +Here "all the Jews" is an exaggeration that emphasizes that Jesus spoke where anyone who wanted to hear him could hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Why did you ask me? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to what Jesus is saying. AT: "You should not be asking me these questions!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/22.md b/jhn/18/22.md index c55c1b69a5..ce454bca94 100644 --- a/jhn/18/22.md +++ b/jhn/18/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Is that how you answer the high priest? -* [[en:tw:annas]] -* [[en:tw:caiaphas]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "That is not how you should answer the high priest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# testify about the wrong -* **Is that how you should answer the high priest?** - AT: "That is not how you should answer the high priest!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **bear witness to the evil.** - "tell me what I said that was wrong" -* **if I have answered well, why do you strike me?** - "if I have answered truthfully, you should not strike me"(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"tell me what I said that was wrong" + +# if rightly, why do you hit me? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to what Jesus is saying. AT: "if I said only what was right, you should not be hitting me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/25.md b/jhn/18/25.md index 52836ecd97..9a8103ab31 100644 --- a/jhn/18/25.md +++ b/jhn/18/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here the storyline shifts back to Peter. -## translationNotes +# Now +This word is used to mark a break in the storyline so John can provide information about Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Are you not also one of his disciples? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You are also one of his disciples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did I not see you in the garden with him? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Here the word "him" refers to Jesus. AT: "I saw you in the olive tree grove with the man they arrested! Did I not?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Peter then denied again + +Here it is implied that Peter denied knowing and being with Jesus. AT: "Peter then denied again that he knew Jesus or that he had been with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# immediately the rooster crowed + +Here it is assumed the reader will remember that Jesus had said Peter would deny him before the rooster crowed. AT: "immediately the rooster crowed, just as Jesus had said would happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/28.md b/jhn/18/28.md index 517c98293c..e8e9ad9cc7 100644 --- a/jhn/18/28.md +++ b/jhn/18/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +Here the storyline shifts back to Jesus. The soldiers and Jesus' accusers bring him to Caiaphas. Verse 28 gives us background information about why they did not enter the Praetorium. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas -* **If this man were not an evil doer, we would not have delivered him up to you.** - "This man is an evil doer and we certainly must bring him to you for punishment." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here it is implied that they are leading Jesus from Caiaphas' house. AT: "Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas' house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they did not enter the government headquarters so that they would not be defiled + +Pilate was not a Jew, so if the Jewish leaders entered his headquarters, they would be defiled. This would have prevented them from celebrating the Passover. You can translate the double negative in a positive form. AT: "they themselves remained outside Pilate's headquarters because Pilate was a Gentile. They did not want to become defiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# If this man was not an evildoer, we would not have given him over to you + +You can translate this double negative in a positive form. AT: "This man is an evil doer, and we had to bring him to you for punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# given him over + +This phrase here means to hand over to an enemy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/31.md b/jhn/18/31.md index ba23f15c41..cfd8c147c5 100644 --- a/jhn/18/31.md +++ b/jhn/18/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jew]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +In verse 32 there is a break from the main storyline as the author tells us background information about how Jesus' predicted how he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# The Jews said to him +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus and arrested him. AT: "The Jewish leaders said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# It is not lawful for us to put any man to death + +According to Roman law, the Jews could not put a man to death. AT: "According to Roman law, we cannot put a person to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that the word of Jesus would be fulfilled + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "in order to fulfill what Jesus had said earlier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to indicate by what kind of death he would die + +"regarding how he would die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/33.md b/jhn/18/33.md index bf44e2f775..21ba21b5ab 100644 --- a/jhn/18/33.md +++ b/jhn/18/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I am not a Jew, am I? -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +This remark appears in the form of a question so Pilate can emphasize his complete lack of interest in the cultural affairs of the Jewish people. AT: "Well I am certainly not a Jew, and I have no interest in these matters!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Your own people +"Your fellow Jews" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/36.md b/jhn/18/36.md index 3c068c1418..1bc08aeafe 100644 --- a/jhn/18/36.md +++ b/jhn/18/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# My kingdom is not of this world -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Here "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) "My kingdom is not part of this world" or 2) "I do not need this world's permission to rule as their king" or "It is not from this world that I have authority to be king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# so that I would not be given over to the Jews +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "and would prevent the Jewish leaders from arresting me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Jews + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I have come into the world + +Here "world" is a synecdoche that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bear witness to the truth + +Here "the truth" refers to the truth about God. AT: "tell people the truth about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who belongs to the truth + +This is an idiom that refers to anyone who loves the truth about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my voice + +Here "voice" is a synecdoche that refers to words Jesus says. AT: "the things I say" or "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/38.md b/jhn/18/38.md index 5510e6aa96..e946274e01 100644 --- a/jhn/18/38.md +++ b/jhn/18/38.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What is truth? -* [[en:tw:barabbas]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This remark appears in the form of a question to reflect Pilate's belief that no one really knows what truth is. The irony here is that Jesus is the truth. AT: "No one can know what is true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# the Jews -* **what is truth?** - "No one can know what is true!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) and (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Not this man, but Barabbas + +This is an ellipsis. You can add the implied words. AT: "No! Do not release this man! Release Barabbas instead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Now Barabbas was a robber + +Here John provides background information about Barabbas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/intro.md b/jhn/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3816e34f50 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# John 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Verses 13 and 14 state, "for he was father-in-law to Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. Now Caiaphas was the one who had given the advice to the Jews that it would be better that one man die for the people." This is a parenthetical statement being made by the author. It is intended to explain important background information. It is possible to put this information in parentheses. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "It is not lawful for us to put any man to death" ##### +The Roman Empire did not allow the Jews to enforce a penalty of death upon anyone. Therefore, the Jews had to present their case to the pagan ruler, Pilate. + +==Jesus' kingdom == +Jesus explains to Pilate that his kingdom is not "of this world." Some scholars take this to mean that Jesus rules a spiritual kingdom, while others claim Jesus meant his kingdom was not in competition with the Roman Empire. It is possible to translate the phrase as Jesus' kingdom "is not from this place" or "comes from another place." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "King of the Jews" ##### +This phrase is used in two different ways in this passage. First, Jesus is said to be the king of the Jews. He is the king of the Jews and the whole world. Second, it is used ironically or sarcastically by Pilate. Pilate does not believe Jesus to be the king of the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/01.md b/jhn/19/01.md index b94b8d6702..3ba43f9ade 100644 --- a/jhn/19/01.md +++ b/jhn/19/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus is standing before Pilate as he is being accused by the Jews. -## translationNotes +# Then Pilate took Jesus and whipped him -* **Hail, king of the Jews** - The greeting "hail" with a raised hand was only used for Caesar. While the soldiers use the "crown of thorns" and the "purple robe" to mock Jesus, they do not recognize that he is indeed a king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +Pilate himself did not whip Jesus. Here "Pilate" is a synecdoche for the soldiers that Pilate ordered to whip Jesus. AT: "Then Pilate ordered his soldiers to whip Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Hail, King of the Jews + +The greeting "Hail" with a raised hand was only used to greet Caesar. As the soldiers use the crown of thorns and the purple robe to mock Jesus, it is ironic that they do not recognize that he is indeed a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/04.md b/jhn/19/04.md index 377fc337a9..538797959b 100644 --- a/jhn/19/04.md +++ b/jhn/19/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I find no guilt in him -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +Pilate states this twice to say he does not believe Jesus is not guilty of any crime. He does not want to punish him. AT: "I see no reason to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# crown of thorns ... purple garment +The crown and the purple robe are things only kings wear. The soldiers dressed Jesus in this manner to mock him. See [John 19:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/07.md b/jhn/19/07.md index da637ec9f0..777ad1eb41 100644 --- a/jhn/19/07.md +++ b/jhn/19/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The Jews answered him -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "The Jewish leaders answered Pilate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# he has to die because he claimed to be the Son of God -* **From where do you come?** - "Where do you come from?" Pilate asked Jesus for his identity. Your culture may have a special way to ask for the identity of a person. +Jesus was condemned to death by crucifixion because he claimed he was "the Son of God." + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/10.md b/jhn/19/10.md index b37b124b63..fb9fda0c36 100644 --- a/jhn/19/10.md +++ b/jhn/19/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Are you not speaking to me? -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This remark appears in the form of a question. Here Pilate expresses his surprise that Jesus does not take the opportunity to defend himself. AT: "I cannot believe you are refusing to speak to me!" or "Answer me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Do you not know that I have power to release you, and power to crucify you? -* **You are not speaking to me?** - Pilate expresses his surprise that Jesus does not take the opportunity to defend himself. "Answer me!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You should know that I am able to release you or to order my soldiers to crucify you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# power + +Here "power" is a metonym that refers to the ability to do something or to cause something to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You do not have any power over me except for what has been given to you from above + +You can translate this double negative in a positive and active form. AT: "You are able to act against me only because God has made you able" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from above + +This is a respectful way of referring to God. + +# gave me over + +This phrase here means to hand over to an enemy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/12.md b/jhn/19/12.md index 508db2756b..7a30792b74 100644 --- a/jhn/19/12.md +++ b/jhn/19/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# At this answer -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +Here "this answer" refers to Jesus' answer. AT: "When Pilate heard Jesus' answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Pilate tried to release him -* **makes himself king** - claims that he is a king -* **brought Jesus out** - ordered the soldiers to bring Jesus out to show him to the crowd -* **sat down** - Important people sat while people who were not so important stood up. -* **in the judgment seat** - the special chair that the important person sat in when he was making an official judgment. Your culture may have a special way to describe this action. -* **the Pavement** - a special stone platform where only the important people were allowed to go. Your culture may have special places like this. +The form of "tried" in the original indicates that Pilate tried "hard" or "repeatedly" to release Jesus. AT: "he tried hard to release Jesus" or "he tried again and again to release Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but the Jews cried out + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders that opposed Jesus. In the original, the form of "cried out" indicates that they cried out or shouted repeatedly. AT: "but the Jewish leaders kept shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you are not a friend of Caesar + +"you are opposing Caesar" or "you are opposing the emperor" + +# makes himself a king + +"claims that he is a king" + +# he brought Jesus out + +Here "he" refers to Pilate and is a synecdoche for "Pilate ordered the soldiers." AT: "he ordered the soldiers to bring Jesus out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# sat down + +Important people like Pilate sat down when they performed an official duty, while people who were not so important stood up. + +# in the judgment seat + +This is the special chair that an important person like Pilate sat in when he was making an official judgment. If your language has a special way to describe this action, you can use it here. + +# in a place called "The Pavement," + +This is a special stone platform where only the important people were allowed to go. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "in a place the people called The Pavement," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hebrew + +This refers to the language that the people of Israel spoke. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/14.md b/jhn/19/14.md index 57dda1a36c..12ea2c8119 100644 --- a/jhn/19/14.md +++ b/jhn/19/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +Some time has passed and it is now the sixth hour, as Pilate orders his soldiers to crucify Jesus. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Pilate said to the Jews** - AT: "Pilate said to the Jewish leaders" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This word marks a break in the storyline so that John can provide information about the upcoming Passover and the time of day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the sixth hour + +"about noontime" + +# Pilate said to the Jews + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "Pilate said to the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Should I crucify your King? + +Here "I" is a synecdoche that refers to Pilate's soldiers who will actually perform the crucifixion. AT: "Do you really want me to tell my soldiers to nail your king to a cross?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Then Pilate gave Jesus over to them to be crucified + +Here Pilate gives the order for his soldiers to crucify Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "So Pilate ordered his soldiers to crucify Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/17.md b/jhn/19/17.md index af16de456d..776a5959f1 100644 --- a/jhn/19/17.md +++ b/jhn/19/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to the place called "The Place of a Skull," -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:golgotha]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to the place that the people called 'The Place of a Skull,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# which in Hebrew is called "Golgotha." +Hebrew is the language of the people of Israel. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "which in Hebrew they call 'Golgotha.'" + +# with him two other men + +This is an ellipsis. You can translate this, adding the implied words. AT: "they also nailed two other criminals to their crosses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/19.md b/jhn/19/19.md index 9ed86cfaaa..adac35c2fc 100644 --- a/jhn/19/19.md +++ b/jhn/19/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Pilate also wrote a sign and put it on the cross -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] +Here "Pilate" is a synecdoche for the person who wrote on the sign. Here "on the cross" refers to Jesus' cross. AT: "Pilate also commanded someone to write on a sign and to attach it to Jesus' cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# There it was written: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "So that person wrote the words: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the place where Jesus was crucified + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the place where the soldiers crucified Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The sign was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "The one who prepared the sign wrote the words in 3 languages: Hebrew, Latin, and Greek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Latin + +This was the language of the Roman government. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/21.md b/jhn/19/21.md index e476ba6af2..7c94da2f21 100644 --- a/jhn/19/21.md +++ b/jhn/19/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +The chief priests had to go back to Pilate's headquarters to protest to him about the words on the sign. AT: "The chief priests went back to Pilate and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# What I have written I have written +Pilate implies that he will not change the words on the sign. AT: "I have written what I wanted to write, and I will not change it!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/23.md b/jhn/19/23.md index 4f03811155..373895076e 100644 --- a/jhn/19/23.md +++ b/jhn/19/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +At the end of verse 24 there is a break from the main storyline as the John tells us how this event fulfills Scriture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# also the tunic +"and they also took his tunic." The soldiers kept the tunic separate and did not divide it. AT: "they kept his tunic separate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let us cast lots for it to decide whose it will be + +The soldiers will gamble and the winner will receive the shirt. AT: "let us gamble for the tunic and the winner will get to keep it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that the scripture would be fulfilled which said + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "This fulfilled the scripture that said" or "This happened to make the scripture come true which said" + +# cast lots + +This was how the soldiers divided Jesus' clothing among themselves. AT: "they gambled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/25.md b/jhn/19/25.md index 7fed2af2e5..255a34a949 100644 --- a/jhn/19/25.md +++ b/jhn/19/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the disciple whom he loved -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] +This is John, the writer of this Gospel. -## translationNotes +# Woman, see, your son -* **the disciple whom he loved** - John, the writer of this gospel. -* **Woman, see, here is your son** - TA: "Woman, see, think of this man as if he were your son" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **here is your mother** - TA: "think of this woman as if she were your mother" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the word "son" is a metaphor. Jesus wants his disciple, John, to be like a son to his mother. AT: "Woman, here is the man who will act like a son to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# See, your mother + +Here the word "mother" is a metaphor. Jesus wants his mother to be like a mother to his disciple, John. AT: "Think of this woman as if she were your own mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# From that hour + +"From that very moment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/28.md b/jhn/19/28.md index d5825bccdc..5216d55a53 100644 --- a/jhn/19/28.md +++ b/jhn/19/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# knowing that everything was now completed -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "he knew that he had done everything that God had sent him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# A container full of sour wine was placed there -* **sour wine** - grape drink that was allowed to ferment too long -* **they put** - the Roman guards put -* **a sponge** - a small object that can soak up and hold much fluid -* **gave up his spirit** - Jesus gave up his spirit to God and allowed his body to die. +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Someone had placed there a full container of sour wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sour wine + +"bitter wine" + +# they put + +Here "they" refers to the Roman guards. + +# a sponge + +a small object that can soak up and hold much liquid + +# on a hyssop staff + +"on a branch of a plant called hyssop" + +# He bowed his head and gave up his spirit + +John implies here that Jesus gave his spirit back to God. AT: "He bowed his head and gave God his spirit" or "He bowed his head and died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/31.md b/jhn/19/31.md index a0f7c53185..758565d68f 100644 --- a/jhn/19/31.md +++ b/jhn/19/31.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the Jews -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# day of preparation -* **preparation** - the time before the Passover, when the food was prepared +This is the time before the Passover when people prepared food for the Passover. + +# to break their legs and to remove them + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to break the legs of the executed men and take their bodies down from the crosses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who had been crucified with Jesus + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom they had crucified near Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/34.md b/jhn/19/34.md index f88fa732a4..5cac58619a 100644 --- a/jhn/19/34.md +++ b/jhn/19/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who saw this -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This sentence gives background information to the story. John is telling readers that he was there and that we can trust what he has written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# has testified, and his testimony is true -* **The one who saw this** - This sentence is separate from the story. The writer (John the apostle) is telling us that he was there and we can trust what he has written. +To "testify" means to tell about something that one has seen. AT: "has told the truth about what he has seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that you would also believe + +Here "believe" means to put one's trust in Jesus. AT: "so that you will also put your trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/36.md b/jhn/19/36.md index e9bf7a7a0e..081604dbc5 100644 --- a/jhn/19/36.md +++ b/jhn/19/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +In these verses there is a break from the main storyline as John tells us about how these events have made Scripture come true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# in order to fulfill scripture +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to fulfill the words that someone wrote in the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Not one of his bones will be broken + +This is a quotation from Psalm 34. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "No one will break any of his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will look at him whom they pierced + +This is a quotation from Zechariah 12. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/38.md b/jhn/19/38.md index 96e24d733d..b83db1490c 100644 --- a/jhn/19/38.md +++ b/jhn/19/38.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Joseph of Arimathea -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +Arimathea was a small town. AT: "Joseph from the town of Arimathea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# for fear of the Jews -* **Joseph of Arimathea** - "Joseph from the town of Arimathea" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **for fear of the Jews** - "for fear of the Jewish leaders" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Nicodemus** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:03:01]]. -* **myrrh and aloes** - These are spices used to prepare a body for burial. -* **one hundred** - "100" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **litras** - A "litra" is a measurement of weight equal to 31 grams. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jhn:12:01]]. +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "for fear of the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# if he could take away the body of Jesus + +John implies that Joseph of Arimathea wants to bury the body of Jesus. AT: "for permission to take the body of Jesus down from the cross for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Nicodemus + +Nicodemus was one of the Pharisees who believed in Jesus. See how you translated this name in [John 3:1](../03/01.md). + +# myrrh and aloes + +These are spices that people use to prepare a body for burial. + +# about one hundred litras in weight + +You may convert this to a modern measure. A "litra" is about one third of a kilogram. AT: "about 33 kilograms in weight" or "weighing about thirty-three kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# one hundred + +"100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/40.md b/jhn/19/40.md index 1e1e3f22a7..b24fd3f0be 100644 --- a/jhn/19/40.md +++ b/jhn/19/40.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden ... had yet been buried -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Here John marks a break in the storyline in order to provide background information about the location of the tomb where they would bury Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Now in the place where they crucified Jesus there was a garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in which no person had yet been buried + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "in which people had buried no one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Because it was the day of preparation for the Jews + +According to Jewish law, no one could work after sundown on Friday. It was the beginning of the Sabbath and Passover. AT: "The Passover was about to begin that evening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/intro.md b/jhn/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..feb9fce243 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# John 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 19:24, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Purple garment" ##### +The color purple was a sign of royalty in the ancient Near East. Jesus was mockingly dressed to look like a king. + +##### "You are not Caesar's friend" ##### +Pilate did not want to sentence Jesus to death, but the Jews forced him. They did this to make it seem as if allowing Jesus to live would betray the Roman government. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Sarcasm ##### +The following phrases are intended to be taken sarcastically: "Hail, King of the Jews," "Should I crucify your king?" and "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews." Sarcasm is the use of irony to insult someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Gabbatha, Golgotha ##### +This is a phrase in Hebrew. John does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Hebrew letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/01.md b/jhn/20/01.md index 0d22595fb4..45b3a7c58a 100644 --- a/jhn/20/01.md +++ b/jhn/20/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This is the third day after Jesus was buried. -## translationNotes +# first day of the week -* This is the third day after Jesus was buried. -* **first day of the week** - AT: "Sunday" -* **disciple whom Jesus loved** - This phrase appears to be the way that John refers to himself throughout his book. -* **They have taken** - "Someone has taken" +"Sunday" + +# she saw the stone rolled away + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "she saw that someone had rolled away the stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# disciple whom Jesus loved + +This phrase appears to be the way that John refers to himself throughout his book. Here the word "love" refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. + +# They took away the Lord out from the tomb + +Mary Magdalene thinks that someone has stolen the Lord's body. AT: "Someone has taken the Lord's body out of the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/03.md b/jhn/20/03.md index f7e3a5d266..8b1c9e1b6f 100644 --- a/jhn/20/03.md +++ b/jhn/20/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the other disciple -* [[en:tw:Peter]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +John apparently shows his humility by referring to himself here as "the other disciple," rather than including his name. -## translationNotes +# went out -* Mary had just told Peter and John that someone had moved Jesus' body. -* **the other disciple** - John apparently expresses his humility by referring to himself in this manner rather than stating his name. -* **linen cloths** - These were the burial cloths used to wrap the body of Jesus. +John implies that these disciples were going to the tomb. AT: "rushed out to the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# linen cloths + +These were the burial cloths that people had used to wrap the body of Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/06.md b/jhn/20/06.md index 3a040331ef..4260fb0b7c 100644 --- a/jhn/20/06.md +++ b/jhn/20/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# linen cloths -* [[en:tw:Peter]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +These were the burial cloths that people had used to wrap the body of Jesus. See how you translated this in [John 20:5](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# cloth that had been on his head -* Mary had just told Peter and John that Jesus' body had been moved. -* **linen cloths** - See how you translated "linen cloths" in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:20:03]]. -* **napkin** - a small cloth typically used to wipe sweat from someone's face but was also used to cover the face of a dead person +Here "his head" refers to "Jesus' head." You can translate this in an active form. AT: "cloth that someone had used to cover Jesus' face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but was folded up in a place by itself + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but someone had folded it and put it aside, separate from the linen cloths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/08.md b/jhn/20/08.md index c9b323d5ce..2f3a1845de 100644 --- a/jhn/20/08.md +++ b/jhn/20/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the other disciple -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +John apparently expresses his humility by referring to himself as "the other disciple," rather than including his name in this book. -## translationNotes +# he saw and believed -* Peter and John had seen the empty tomb. -* **the other disciple** - John apparently expresses his humility by referring to himself in this manner rather than stating his name. -* **he saw it** - Peter saw the tomb +When he saw that the tomb was empty, he believed that Jesus had risen from the dead. AT: "he saw these things and began to believe that Jesus had risen from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they still did not know the scripture + +Here the word "they" refers to the disciples who did not understand the scripture that said Jesus would rise again. AT: "the disciples still did not understand the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that he should rise from the dead ones + +"that said Jesus must rise from the dead" + +# went back home again + +The disciples continued to stay in Jerusalem. AT: "went back to where they were staying in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/11.md b/jhn/20/11.md index fe48b3dcf7..d12e51a688 100644 --- a/jhn/20/11.md +++ b/jhn/20/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# She saw two angels in white -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +The angels were wearing white clothing. AT: "She saw two angels dressed in white clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# They said to her -* Peter and John returned to their homes. +"They asked her" + +# Because they took away my Lord + +"Because they took away the body of my Lord" + +# I do not know where they have put him + +"I do not know where they have put it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/14.md b/jhn/20/14.md index e328fa99f2..1b6ed45602 100644 --- a/jhn/20/14.md +++ b/jhn/20/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus said to her -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +"Jesus asked her" -## translationNotes +# Sir, if you have taken him away -* Mary Magdalene at the tomb after the Peter and John have left. -* **taken him away** - The word "him" refers to Jesus' body. +Here the word "him" refers to Jesus. AT: "If you have taken away the body of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tell me where you have put him + +"tell me where you have put it" + +# I will take him away + +Mary Magdalene wants to get Jesus' body and bury it again. AT: "I will get the body and bury it again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/16.md b/jhn/20/16.md index 0b1dbbf5d3..96dcd64a1c 100644 --- a/jhn/20/16.md +++ b/jhn/20/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Rabboni -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +The word "Rabboni" means rabbi or teacher in Aramaic, the language that Jesus and his disciples spoke. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **Rabboni** - The word "Rabboni" means the same thing as rabbi or teacher in Mary's own dialect of Hebrew called Aramaic. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Jesus used the word "brothers" to refer to his disciples. + +# I will go up to my Father and your Father, and my God and your God + +Jesus rose from the dead and then predicted he would go up into heaven, back to his Father, who is God. AT: "I am about to return to heaven to be with my Father and your Father, to the one who is my God and your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my Father and your Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God, and between believers and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples + +Mary Magdalene went to where the disciples were staying and told them what she had seen and heard. AT: "Mary Magdalene went to where the disciples were and told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/19.md b/jhn/20/19.md index a80df45494..930090ea1b 100644 --- a/jhn/20/19.md +++ b/jhn/20/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +It is now evening and Jesus appears to the disciples. -## translationNotes +# that day, the first day of the week -* **that day, the first day of the week** - This refers to Sunday. -* **Peace be to you** - This is the common greeting. -* **he showed them his hands and his side.** - "he showed them the wounds on his hands and his side" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This refers to Sunday. + +# the doors of where the disciples were, were closed + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the disciples had locked the doors where they were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for fear of the Jews + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who might arrest the disciples. AT: "because they were afraid that the Jewish leaders might arrest them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Peace to you + +This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" . + +# he showed them his hands and his side + +Jesus showed the disciples his wounds. AT: "he showed them the wounds in his hands and his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/21.md b/jhn/20/21.md index 267e795f75..691ade5dc5 100644 --- a/jhn/20/21.md +++ b/jhn/20/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Peace to you -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" . -## translationNotes +# As the Father has sent me, so I am sending you ... he ... said to them, "Receive the Holy Spirit -* **peace be with you** - See note in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:20:19]]. -* **they are forgiven for them** - "God will forgive them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they are kept back** - "God will not forgive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +God the Father sent God the Son who now sends the believers in the power of God the Holy Spirit. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# they are forgiven + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whoever's sins you keep back + +"If you do not forgive another's sins" + +# they are kept back + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will not forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/24.md b/jhn/20/24.md index 3b0cceca78..a35fdf35db 100644 --- a/jhn/20/24.md +++ b/jhn/20/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Didymus -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] -* [[en:tw:thomas]] +This is a male name that means "twin." See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# disciples later said to him -* **Didymus ** - See how this name is translated in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:11:15]]. -* **disciples later said to him - ** - ** The word "him" refers to Thomas. -* **in his hands** - The word "his" refers to Jesus. +The word "him" refers to Thomas. + +# Unless I see ... his side, I will not believe + +You can translate this double negative in a positive form. AT: "I will believe only if I see ... his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# in his hands ... into his side + +The word "his" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/26.md b/jhn/20/26.md index 89168cd7b6..d31acd219b 100644 --- a/jhn/20/26.md +++ b/jhn/20/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his disciples -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:thomas]] +The word "his" refers to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# while the doors were closed -* **again his disciples** - The word "his" refers to Jesus. -* **peace be with you** - See note in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:20:19]]. -* **faithless** - "without belief" or "without faith" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "when they had locked the doors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Peace to you + +This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" . + +# unbelieving + +"without belief" or "without faith" + +# but believe + +Here "believe" means to trust in Jesus. AT: "put your trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/28.md b/jhn/20/28.md index 6b5a8ad8af..b6b81e7712 100644 --- a/jhn/20/28.md +++ b/jhn/20/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you have believed -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:thomas]] +Thomas believes that Jesus is alive because he has seen him. AT: "you have believed that I am alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Blessed are those -* **you have believed** - AT: "you have believed that I am alive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **who have not seen** - AT: "who have not seen me alive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* +This means "God gives great happiness to those." + +# who have not seen + +This means those who have not seen Jesus. AT: "who have not seen me alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/30.md b/jhn/20/30.md index 76d5fe4714..f02a83da1d 100644 --- a/jhn/20/30.md +++ b/jhn/20/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +As the story is nearing the end, the author comments about the many things Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# signs -* **life in his name** - AT: "you may have life because of Jesus" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* +The word "signs" refers to miracles that show that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe. + +# signs that have not been written in this book + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "signs that the author did not write about in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but these have been written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "but the author wrote about these signs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# life in his name + +Here "life" is a metonym that means Jesus gives life. AT: "you may have life because of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# life + +This refers to spiritual life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/intro.md b/jhn/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bcd266986 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# John 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Receive the Holy Spirit" ##### +The disciples had special power from the Holy Spirit given to them. He empowered their ministry. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Rabboni ##### +This is a phrase in Hebrew. Mark does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Hebrew letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +##### Jesus' resurrection body ##### +There is some mystery about Jesus' body at this point. He was physically present with the scars from the crucifixion but he could also enter into rooms without having to use a door. It is best to leave the mystery in place but explanation may be necessary if the translation does not make sense to the reader. + +##### A young man ##### +The gospel accounts differ as to how many men or angels appeared in this interaction. It is probable that the men were angels, but their number is unclear. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these passages. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md), [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/01.md b/jhn/21/01.md index cd80c15038..33862ce9ff 100644 --- a/jhn/21/01.md +++ b/jhn/21/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cana]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] -* [[en:tw:thomas]] -* [[en:tw:zebedee]] +Jesus shows himself again to the disciples at the Sea of Tiberias. Verses 2 and 3 tell us what happens in the story before Jesus appears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# After these things +"Some time later" + +# with Thomas called Didymus + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "with Thomas whom we called Didymus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Didymus + +This is a male name that means "twin." See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/04.md b/jhn/21/04.md index 972ad08731..775b1175df 100644 --- a/jhn/21/04.md +++ b/jhn/21/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Young men -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +This is a term of endearment that means "My dear friends." -## translationNotes +# you will find some -* **day was breaking** - "daylight was beginning" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "some" refers to fish. AT: "you will catch some fish in your net" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# draw it in + +"pull the net in" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/07.md b/jhn/21/07.md index 861fc81489..bc1bd5ecae 100644 --- a/jhn/21/07.md +++ b/jhn/21/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# loved -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +This is love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. -## translationNotes +# he tied up his outer garment -* **(for he had been very lightly clothed)** - This is background information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **(for they were not far from the land, about two hundred cubits off)** - This is background information. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **two hundred cubits** - "ninety meters." A cubit was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +"he secured his outer garment around him" or "he put on his tunic" + +# for he was undressed + +This is background information. Peter had taken off some of his clothes to make it easier to work, but now that he was about to greet the Lord, he wanted to wear more clothing. AT: "for he had taken off some of his clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# threw himself into the sea + +Peter jumped into the water and swam to shore. AT: "jumped into the sea and swam to shore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# threw himself + +This is a idiom that means Peter jumped into the water very quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for they were not far from the land, about two hundred cubits off + +This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# two hundred cubits + +"90 meters." A cubit was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/10.md b/jhn/21/10.md index fc5a98faa6..7028e4b33d 100644 --- a/jhn/21/10.md +++ b/jhn/21/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Simon Peter then went up +Here "went up" means Simon Peter had to go back to the boat. AT: "So Simon Peter went back to the boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# drew the net to land +"pulled the net to the shore" + +# the net was not torn + +You can translate this as an active form. AT: "the net did not break" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# full of large fish; 153 + +"full of large fish, one hundred and fifty-three." There were 153 large fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/12.md b/jhn/21/12.md index 3f3ae6a91a..e274d47ea4 100644 --- a/jhn/21/12.md +++ b/jhn/21/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# breakfast -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +the morning meal -## translationNotes +# the third time +You can translate this ordinal term "third" as "time number 3." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/15.md b/jhn/21/15.md index 4c9c7d21e6..de262e7940 100644 --- a/jhn/21/15.md +++ b/jhn/21/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Jesus begins to have a conversation with Simon Peter. -## translationNotes +# do you love me ... do you love me -* **Feed my lambs** - AT: "Feed the people I care for." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Tend my sheep** - AT: "Care for the people I care for." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "love" refers the type of love that comes from God, which focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. + +# you know that I love you + +When Peter answers, he uses the word for "love" that refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. + +# Feed my lambs + +Here "lambs" is a metaphor for those persons who love Jesus and follow him. AT: "Feed the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Take care of my sheep + +Here "sheep" is a metaphor for those who love and follow Jesus. AT: "Care for the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/17.md b/jhn/21/17.md index b968aca2ab..13745d7ee1 100644 --- a/jhn/21/17.md +++ b/jhn/21/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to him a third time -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +The pronoun "he" refers to Jesus. Here "a third time" means "time number 3." AT: "Jesus said to him a third time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# do you love me -* **Feed my sheep** - AT: "Care for the people I care for." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Truly, truly** - Translate this as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jhn:01:49]]. +This time when Jesus asks this question he uses the word for "love" that refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. + +# Feed my sheep + +Here "sheep" is a metaphor that represents those who belong to Jesus and follow him. AT: "Care for the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/19.md b/jhn/21/19.md index 929398ccbb..cd3c6f0b88 100644 --- a/jhn/21/19.md +++ b/jhn/21/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +John uses this word to show he is giving background information before he continues the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# to indicate with what kind of death Peter would glorify God +Here John implies that Peter would die on a cross. AT: "to indicate that Peter would die on a cross to honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Follow me + +Here the word "follow" means "to be a disciple." AT: "Keep on being my disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/20.md b/jhn/21/20.md index e96a9409fa..b5d03be76c 100644 --- a/jhn/21/20.md +++ b/jhn/21/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the disciple whom Jesus loved -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:lordssupper]] +John refers to himself in this way throughout the book, rather than mentioning his name. -## translationNotes +# loved -* **at the supper** - This is reference to the last supper. (See: [[:en:bible:notes:jhn:13:01]]) -* **Peter saw him** - "him" refers to "the disciple whom Jesus loved" +This is the kind of love that comes from God and always desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# at the dinner + +This is a reference to the Last Supper. (See: [John Chapter 13](../13/01.md)) + +# Peter saw him + +Here "him" refers to "the disciple whom Jesus loved." + +# Lord, what will this man do? + +Peter wants to know what will happen to John. AT: "Lord, what will happen to this man?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/22.md b/jhn/21/22.md index a77cbaf414..1ac886ba97 100644 --- a/jhn/21/22.md +++ b/jhn/21/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus said to him -* [[en:tw:brother]] +"Jesus said to Peter" -## translationNotes +# If I want him to stay -* **he should wait** - "he" here refers to the "disciple Jesus whom loved" in John 21:20. -* **I come** - Jesus' second coming, his return from heaven. -* **what is that to you** - AT: "do not concern yourself about that" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "him" refers to the "disciple whom Jesus loved" in [John 21:20](./20.md). + +# I come + +This refers to Jesus' second coming, his return to earth from heaven. + +# what is that to you? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to express a mild rebuke. AT: "that is not your concern." or "you should not be concerned about that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# among the brothers + +Here "the brothers" refers to all the followers of Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/24.md b/jhn/21/24.md index 70a49be2ff..3ecc1cec91 100644 --- a/jhn/21/24.md +++ b/jhn/21/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This is the end of the Gospel of John. Here the author, the Apostle John, gives a closing comment about himself and what he has written in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# the disciple -* **The disciple who bears witness about these things, and who wrote these things** - the disciple John -* **we know** - we in the church know -* **even the world itself could not contain the books** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"the disciple John" + +# who testifies about these things + +Here "testifies" means that he personally sees something. AT: "who has seen all these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we know + +Here "we" refers to those who trust in Jesus. AT: "we who trust in Jesus know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If each one were written down + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "If someone wrote down all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# even the world itself could not contain the books + +John exaggerates to emphasize that Jesus did many more miracles than what people could write about in many books. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the books that would be written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the books that people could write about what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/intro.md b/jhn/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cb08f818cc --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# John 21 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Jesus uses many shepherding metaphors. For example, "feed my lambs," "tend my sheep" and "feed my sheep." Peter would now be a shepherd of the people of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/front/intro.md b/jhn/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..91b42e324b --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +# Introduction to the Gospel of John # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Gospel of John #### + +1. Introduction about who Jesus is (1:1-18) +1. Jesus is baptized, and he chooses twelve disciples (1:19-51) +1. Jesus preaches, teaches, and heals people (2-11) +1. The seven days before Jesus' death (12-19) + - Mary anoints the feet of Jesus (12:1-11) + - Jesus rides into Jerusalem (12:12-19) + - Some Greek men want to see Jesus (12:20-36) + - The Jewish leaders reject Jesus (12:37-50) + - Jesus teaches his disciples (13-17) + - Jesus is arrested and undergoes trial (18:1-19:15) + - Jesus is crucified and buried (19:16-42) +1. Jesus rises from the dead (20:1-29) +1. John says why he wrote his gospel (20:30-31) +1. Jesus meets with the disciples (21) + +#### What is the Gospel of John about? #### + +The Gospel of John is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ, but that focus especially on his work. The four Gospels emphasize different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. The author of this book says that he wrote it so "that people might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God" (20:30–31). + +John's Gospel is very different from the other three Gospels, because it focuses on the signs Jesus did to prove that what he said about himself was true. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of John" or "The Gospel According to John." Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, for example, "The Good News About Jesus That John Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Gospel of John? #### + +This book does not give the reader the name of the author. Since early Christian times, however, it has generally been believed that the author was John, one of Jesus' disciples. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why does John spend a great deal of time recording the final week of Jesus' life? #### + +The life of Jesus is important as an example for Christians to follow, but it is his sacrificial death and his resurrection that are of greatest importance to Christians. John's focus on the events immediately prior to Jesus' death emphasizes that Jesus willingly died for the sins of humanity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Why are the many references in John to "remaining" and "abiding" important? #### + +This language often expresses the idea of people residing somewhere, or of something existing in a certain place. Jesus' words are said to "remain" in Christians; Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God, and also in Jesus' love. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father and also in the believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers. + +Many translators will find it impossible to literally represent these ideas in their languages. For example, John intends to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with Jesus. See, for example, "He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him" (John 6:56) often must be expressed in a different manner. The UDB uses the idea of "will be joined to me," but translators will often have to find other expressions that communicate well. + +In the passage, "If my words remain in you" (John 15:7), the UDB expresses this idea as, "If you live by my message." Many translators will find it possible to use this translation as a model. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Gospel of John? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The following are the most significant issues in the Gospel of John: + +* "waiting for the moving of the water. For an angel of the Lord occasionally went down into the pool and stirred the water and whoever went first after the stirring of the water, was made well from the disease they had." (5:3-4) +* The story of the adulterous woman (7:53–8:11) + +Translators are advised not to translate these passages. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region that have some of these verses, it is not wrong to translate them. If they are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to John's Gospel. + +Some old versions also have this passage: + +* "going through the midst of them, and so passed by" (8:59) + +But it is very certain that this passage was not original to the Gospel of John; it should not be included. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/01.md b/job/01/01.md index 882016a7dd..d343077f8d 100644 --- a/job/01/01.md +++ b/job/01/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# land of Uz -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Possible locations are 1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or 2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# blameless and upright -* **land of Uz** - Possible locations are 1) a place in Edom east of the Jordan river somewhere in modern western Jordan or 2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **he was blameless and upright** - The words "blameless" and "upright" are similar and are used together for emphasis. AT: "He did what was right before God." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **one who honored God and turned from evil** - AT: "He honored God and did not do what was evil." -* **seven sons and three daughters** - "7 sons and 3 daughters" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **He possessed seven thousand sheep** - "He had 7000 sheep" -* **three thousand camel** - "3000 camels" -* **five hundred pairs of oxen** - "500 pairs of oxen" -* **all the people in the East** - AT: "all the people who live in lands that are east of Canaan." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The words "blameless" and "upright" share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. AT: "one who did what was right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# one who feared God + +"one who honored God" + +# turned from evil + +Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place that a person could avoid going to, instead of the doing of evil actions. AT: "refused to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seven sons and three daughters + +"7 sons and 3 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He possessed seven thousand sheep + +"He had 7,000 sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# three thousand camels + +"3,000 camels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# five hundred pairs of oxen + +"500 pairs of oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# greatest + +"the richest" + +# all the people of the East + +The refers to places that were east of Canaan. AT: "all the people who live in lands that were east of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/04.md b/job/01/04.md index 9549b3b3b2..0085ccc108 100644 --- a/job/01/04.md +++ b/job/01/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# On each son's assigned day, he would give -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The word "day" perhaps refers to the day when they celebrated the son's birth. But it at least refers to the idea that the sons each took a turn in holding a feast. AT: "On each son's birthday, the son would give" or "Each son in turn would give" -## translationNotes +# he would give ... They would send and call for ... Job would send ... he would consecrate ... He would rise early in the morning and offer ... he would say -* **On his assigned day, each of his sons would give** - The word "day" refers to the day when they celebrate the son's birth. AT: "On each son's birthday, the son would give" or "Each son on his birthday would give" -* **with them all** - The word "them" refers to the seven sons and the three daughters but does not include Job. -* **When the days of the feast were over** - "When the feast was over" or "After the feast" -* **Job would send for them** - "Job would call for them" -* **and dedicate them once more to God** - To"dedicate" is to have God spiritually purify a person if they have sinned. AT: "and he would ask God to forgive them" -* **cursed God in their hearts** - AT: "cursed God in their thoughts" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"he habitually gave ... They habitually sent and called for ... Job habitually sent ... he habitually consecrated ... He habitually rose early in the morning and offered ... he habitually said" + +# with them + +The word "them" refers to the seven sons and the three daughters but does not include Job. + +# When the days of the feast were over + +"When the feast was over" or "After the feast" + +# Job would send for them + +"Job habitually sent someone to call them to come to him" + +# he would consecrate them + +Here "consecrate" means to ask God to take away any ritual impurities that Job's children might have brought upon themselves as they happily feasted together. Job did this by making sacrifices to God for them. + +# cursed God in their hearts + +Their "hearts" represent their thoughts. Often such thoughts could come unintentionally, without the person wanting to think them. AT: "cursed God in their thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/06.md b/job/01/06.md index ac1d950a98..430eaeb721 100644 --- a/job/01/06.md +++ b/job/01/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Then it was the day when -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sonsofgod]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"At the time when" or "One day when." This is not a specific day but apparently the gathering happened often. -## translationNotes +# sons of God -* **Now it came about** - "Now it happened" The word "Now" is used here to introduce new information. -* **sons of God** - This is referring to "angels" or "heavenly beings." -* **to present themselves before Yahweh** - "to stand together before Yahweh" -* **Satan also came among them** - "Satan was also there" -* **From going to and fro on the earth, and from walking back and forth on it** - The phrases “To and fro” and “back and forth” indicate completeness of having been everywhere. AT: “I have been everywhere upon the earth.” (See: Parallelism) -* **to and fro on the earth** - “To and fro” refer to traveling all over the earth. (See: Merism) -* **back and forth on it** - “back and forth” refer to traveling all over the earth. (See: Merism) -* **in the earth** - "on the earth." Satan is not physically moving inside the earth but is moving around on the surface as people do. -* **Have you considered my servant Job?** - "Have you thought about my servant Job?" God seeks to discuss Job with Satan. AT: "Consider my servant Job." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a perfect and an upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil** - AT: "He does what is right before me, honors me, and does not do evil." -* ** perfect and…upright** - This is similar to the phrase in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:01]]. These two words share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This refers to angels, heavenly beings. + +# to present themselves before Yahweh + +"to stand together before Yahweh as he commanded them to do". + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it + +The phrases "wandering" and "going back and forth" refer to the activity of traveling all over the earth in order to emphasize its completeness. AT: "From going everywhere on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Have you considered my servant Job? + +"Have you thought about my servant Job?" Here God is beginning to talk with Satan about Job. AT: "Consider my servant Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a blameless and upright man + +The words "blameless" and "upright" share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](./01.md). AT: "one who did what was right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# one who fears God + +"one who honors God." See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/09.md b/job/01/09.md index f3abbb67b5..66e2e071d3 100644 --- a/job/01/09.md +++ b/job/01/09.md @@ -1,29 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Does Job fear God without reason? -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Does Job respect God for no reason?" Satan responds to God by presenting and answering his own question. He says that Job obeys God only because God blesses him. AT: "Job has a reason for obeying God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Have you not put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side -* **Does Job fear God for nothing?** - "Does Job respect God for no reason?" Satan responds to God by presenting and answering his own question that Job obeys God only because God blesses him. AT: "Job has a reason for obeying God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Have you not made a hedge around him, around his house, and around all that he has on every side?** - Satan states the facts to support his argument . AT: "You have protected him, his family and everything he owns." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **made a hedge around him** - Just as a hedge is a row of small bushes or trees planted close together to form a wall of protection around one's land, God has surrounding Job with his protection. AT: "protected him" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the work of his hands** - "everything that he does" -* **his possession in the land has increased** - "he has more and more livestock in the land" -* **But put forth your hand now** - "But stretch out your hand now." This is an expression for God to remove His blessing from Job and remove Job's material wealth. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **attack all that he possesses** - "strike all that he owns" or "destroy all that he owns" -* **he will renounce you to your face** - "he will reject you" -* **to your face** - Satan is saying that Job will clearly abandon God. -* **See, all that he has** - AT: "Look" or "Pay attention to all that I'm about to tell you" -* **all that he has is in your power** - "You have power over all that he has." Satan has been given authority over everything that Job owns. -* **only do not lay your hand on his person** - "lay your hand on" is an expression regarding harming someone. AT: "but do not harm him physically." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **went forth from the presence of Yahweh** - "departed from Yahweh" or "left Yahweh" +Satan states the facts to support his argument. AT: "You have protected him, his family and everything he owns." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side + +Just as a barrier such as a wall or a hedge surrounds and protects one's land, God has surrounded Job with his protection. AT: "protected him and his house and all that is his" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the deeds of his hands + +"everything that he does" + +# his cattle have burst forth in the land + +"he has more and more livestock in the land" + +# But now stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, and see if he does not curse you to your face + +Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. AT: "But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, you will see that he will curse you to your face" + +# But now stretch out your hand + +Here "hand" refers to God's power to act. "But now use your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# touch all that he has + +Here "touch" represents the action of harming or destroying. AT: "attack all that he has" or "destroy all that he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to your face + +"in your hearing." This refers to a time when God is paying attention. + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Pay attention to all that I am about to tell you" + +# all that he has is in your hand + +Here "hand" represents someone's power to control something. AT: "you have power over all that he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against him himself + +"against his life" + +# went away from the presence of Yahweh + +"departed from Yahweh" or "left Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/13.md b/job/01/13.md index 954c32c0c5..5f7fb9019f 100644 --- a/job/01/13.md +++ b/job/01/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the Sabeans -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This refers to a people in a region in modern day Yemen. Here it represents a group of raiders or bandits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# fell on them -* **Sabeans** - A group of people from the land of Sheba located in modern day Yemen. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "fell" represents the idea of attacking. AT: "attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have struck + +Here striking represents killing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the mouth of the sword + +Here "mouth" represents the part of swords that kill people, that is, either the point or the sharp edge. Also, all the swords of the Sabeans are spoken of as if they were only one sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/16.md b/job/01/16.md index 86877e6456..94042fc636 100644 --- a/job/01/16.md +++ b/job/01/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# While he was still speaking -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"he" refers to the first messenger -## translationNotes +# another also came -* **While he was still speaking** - "he" refers to the first messenger -* **another also came** - "another messenger also came" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **only I have escaped to tell you** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:13]]. -* **While he was still speaking another also came** - (See: UDB) -* **they have killed the servants with the edge of the sword, and I only have escaped to tell you** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:13]]. +This refers to another messenger. AT: "another messenger also came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I alone have escaped to tell you + +See how you translated this in [Job 01:15](./13.md). + +# As for the servants, they have struck them with the mouth of the sword. I alone have escaped to tell you + +See how you translated this in [Job 01:15](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/18.md b/job/01/18.md index 543ba22b30..898ec34a4a 100644 --- a/job/01/18.md +++ b/job/01/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother's house -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +See how you translated this in [Job 01:13](./13.md). -## translationNotes +# A strong wind -* **Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother's house** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:13]]. -* **A great wind** - "a tornado" or "a desert sandstorm" -* **the four corners of the house** - "the structural supports of the house" -* **and it fell upon the young men** - AT: "The house fell on the men and women" or "The house fell on your sons and daughters" -* **I only have escaped to tell you** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:13]]. +"A tornado" or "A desert storm" + +# the four corners of the house + +"the structural supports of the house" + +# It fell on the young people + +"The house fell on your sons and daughters" + +# I alone have escaped to tell you + +See how you translated this in [Job 01:15](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/20.md b/job/01/20.md index 6833484262..b9fde50c1d 100644 --- a/job/01/20.md +++ b/job/01/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# tore his robe, shaved his head -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These were ritual mourning actions, symbolizing deep grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# I was naked when I came out of my mother's womb, and I will be naked when I will return there -* **tore his robe, shaved his head** - These are expressions of deep mourning. -* **I came naked out of my mother's womb, and I return there naked** - AT: "At my birth, I brought nothing into the world, and at my death I will return to the earth with nothing." -* **In all this matter** - "In spite of all that happened" (See: UDB) +"At my birth, I brought nothing into the world, and at my death I will return to the earth with nothing" + +# In all this matter + +"Regarding all this that happened" + +# accuse God of wrongdoing + +"say that God had done wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/intro.md b/job/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..66c8e3c58c --- /dev/null +++ b/job/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Job 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wealth ##### +Job is very rich. During his time, a man's wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Feasts ##### +Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh's provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Job's faith ##### +Satan believes that Job's faith is based on Yahweh's blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job's life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Job intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/01.md b/job/02/01.md index 32fb1540c9..012eef9d61 100644 --- a/job/02/01.md +++ b/job/02/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:sonsofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These verses are exactly the same as [Job 1:6-7](../01/06.md) and can probably be translated in the same way. -## translationNotes +# Then it was the day -* **Again it came about** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:06]]. -* **on the day when** - This is not a specific day. The gathering happened often. AT: "at the time when" or "one day when" -* **sons of God** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:06]]. -* **present themselves before Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:06]]. -* **From going to and fro on the earth, and from walking back and forth on it** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:06]]. +See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). + +# the day when + +This is not a specific day. The gathering happened often. AT: "at the time when" or "one day when" + +# sons of God + +See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). + +# present themselves before Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). + +# From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it + +See how you translated this in [Job 1:7](../01/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/03.md b/job/02/03.md index a3af706b1b..b796519623 100644 --- a/job/02/03.md +++ b/job/02/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This verse is the same as [Job 1:8](../01/06.md), except for the addition of "He still holds fast to his integrity, although you misled me against him, to destroy him without cause." -## translationNotes +# Have you considered my servant Job? -* **Have you considered my servant Job?** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:06]]. AT: “Consider my servant Job.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **a perfect and an upright man** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:06]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **one who fears God and turns away from evil** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:06]]. -* **still holds fast to his integrity** - "still does what is good and right" -* **persuaded me to act against him** - AT: "urged me to attack him" +This rhetorical question actually makes a statement.See how you translated this in [Job 1:8](../01/06.md). AT: "Consider my servant Job." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +# a blameless and upright man + +The words "blameless" and "upright" share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "one who did what was right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# one who fears God and turns away from evil + +See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# still holds fast to his integrity + +"remains completely dedicated to doing what is good and right" + +# misled me against him + +"persuaded me without cause to attack him" + +# to destroy him + +Here "destroy" represents "make poor." AT: "to make him a poor man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/04.md b/job/02/04.md index 9a4fec7c83..b526f073f1 100644 --- a/job/02/04.md +++ b/job/02/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Skin for skin, indeed -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +"Skin" is a metonym for Job's life. AT: "A person will do anything to save his own life, even accept the loss of possessions and loved ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# But stretch out your hand now and touch his bones and his flesh, and see if he does not curse you to your face -* **Skin for skin, indeed** - "Skin" is a metonym for Job's life. AT: “A person will do anything to save his own life, even accept the loss of possessions and loved ones.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **put forth your hand** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:09]] -* **renounce you to your face** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:09]]. “he will reject you.” +Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. AT: "But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch his bones and his flesh, you will see that he will curse you to your face" + +# stretch out your hand + +Here "hand" refers to God's power to act. "But now use your power." See how you translated this in [Job 01:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# touch + +Here "touch" represents the action of harming. AT: "attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his bones and his flesh + +This expression represents Job's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# curse you to your face + +See how you translated this in [Job 01:11](../01/09.md). + +# to your face + +This refers to a time when God is paying attention. AT: "in your hearing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/07.md b/job/02/07.md index 7db6512498..fadf5c8b1a 100644 --- a/job/02/07.md +++ b/job/02/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Satan went away from the presence of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this in [Job 1:12](../01/09.md). -## translationNotes +# struck -* **So Satan went forth from from the presence of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:01:09]]. -* **severe boils** - large, itching and painful skin infection covering Job's entire body -* ** potshard to scrape himself** - A "potsherd" is a piece of broken pottery. The scraping scratches the skin to lessen the itch. -* **sat in ashes** - AT: "sat on the trash heap" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"attacked" or "afflicted with" + +# painful boils + +large, itching and painful skin infections + +# a piece of broken pottery to scrape himself + +The scraping scratches the skin to lessen the itch. + +# sat down in the middle of ashes + +This probably refers to a place where trash and garbage were dumped and perhaps burned. Sitting in such a place was a sign of deep mourning. AT: "sat on the trash heap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/09.md b/job/02/09.md index f69b16537f..9b1a961605 100644 --- a/job/02/09.md +++ b/job/02/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you still hold fast to your integrity? -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This rhetorical question represents a statement. AT: "You should not still be holding fast to your integrity." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Curse God -* **his wife said to him** - "Job's wife said to him" -* **Renounce God** - "Reject God" -* **You talk like a foolish women** - Job is saying she talks like a fool. AT: "You talk as if you're a stupid woman." -* **from the hand of God** - "hand of God" is an expression for God. AT: "from God" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **sin with his lips** - AT: "sin by speaking against God" +"Reject God" + +# You talk as a foolish woman + +Job is saying she talks like a fool. AT: "You talk as if you were a stupid woman." + +# Should we receive the good from God and not receive the bad? + +This rhetorical question represents a statement. AT: "We should certainly receive the bad from God as well as the good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# receive the good + +"benefit from all the good things" + +# the good + +This represents all the good things that God gives us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# receive the bad + +"suffer all the bad things without complaining" + +# the bad + +This represents all the bad things that God makes or allows us to experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# sin with his lips + +Here "lips" represents the act of speaking. AT: "sin by speaking against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/11.md b/job/02/11.md index 7a0e21fd73..3bf8793025 100644 --- a/job/02/11.md +++ b/job/02/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] +Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are men's names. Teman was a city in Edom. Shuhites are the decedents of Abraham and Keturah. Naamah was a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# set a time -* **Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite** - Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are men's names. Teman was a city in Edom. Shuhites are the decedents of Abraham and Keturah (see Genesis [[en:bible:notes:gen:25:01]]). Naamah was a city in Canaan. (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **set a time** - AT: "agreed upon a time" -* **to mourn with him and to comfort him** - "to cry with" or "to sympathize with him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"agreed on a time" + +# to mourn with him and to comfort him + +Here the words "mourn with" and "comfort" share similar meanings. The friends try to comfort Job by mourning with him. AT: "to grieve with Job in order to help ease his suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/12.md b/job/02/12.md index b70886f514..89bc8e76e6 100644 --- a/job/02/12.md +++ b/job/02/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they lifted up their eyes -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is an idiom that means "they looked intently" or "they looked carefully." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# they did not recognize him -* **they lifted up their eyes** - “they looked intently” or “they looked carefully” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they barely recognized him ** - They knew who he was, but he looked very different than usual because of his grief and because of the sores covering his body. (See: UDB) -* **they raised their voices and wept** - "they wept out loud" or "they wept loudly" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **tore his robe** - This was a sign of mourning. The torn robe signified a torn heart. -* **threw dust into the air and upon his own head** - These were signs of mourning. +This probably means that Job's visitors did not recognize him at first, when they saw him at a distance. Job looked very different than usual because of his grief and because of the sores covering his body. AT: "they barely recognized him" + +# They raised their voices and wept + +Here "raised their voices" is an idiom that means they became loud. AT: "They wept out loud" or "They wept loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# tore his robe + +This was a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# threw dust into the air and upon his own head + +These were signs of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/intro.md b/job/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fde90511e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Job 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter repeats the concepts of the previous chapter, but this time it is more severe. After losing his wealth, Job's health is taken from him. His wife also begins to encourage Job to sin by cursing Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/01.md b/job/03/01.md index b58195aa0e..c7d6d589a9 100644 --- a/job/03/01.md +++ b/job/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# opened his mouth -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +This idiom means he began to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# May the day on which I was born perish, the night -* **opened his mouth** - "began to speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) (See: UDB) -* **Let the day on which I was born perish** - AT: "I wish that I had never been born." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the day…the night** - "the day" refers to the day of his birth and "the night" to the day of his conception. -* **the night that said, ‘A boy has been conceived'** - AT: "let the night that said, ‘A boy has been conceived' perish." This expression intensifies the statement of Job's grief by going even further back in time from his birth to his conception. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **the night that said** - AT: "the night about which people said." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **A boy has been conceived** - AT: "she has conceived a man child." +Job speaks of that day and night as if they were people. AT: "I wish that I had never been born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the night that said, 'A boy has been conceived.' + +This expression intensifies the statement of Job's grief by going even further back in time from his birth to his conception. AT: "the night that said, 'A boy has been conceived' perish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the night that said + +Here the night is spoken of as if it were a person who could speak. The translator may choose, however, to translate it in a less metaphorical way. AT: "the night about which people said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# A boy has been conceived + +This may be put into active form. AT: "his mother has conceived a male child" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/04.md b/job/03/04.md index 2f290d350c..ce0053154e 100644 --- a/job/03/04.md +++ b/job/03/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +The expressions in these verses are all wishes that the day of Job's birth would no longer exist. This may imply that the day, although in the past, still existed somehow. Translators may decide to translate as the UDB does: "I wish that the day when I was born could have been dark." -## translationNotes +# May that day be dark ... neither may the sun shine on it -* **let the day be darkness...neither let the sunlight shine on it** - These two clauses describe the darkness of the day of Job's birth, thus repeating Job's regret that he had been born. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **let that day be darkness** - Darkness is a metonym for something that does not exist. AT: "let that day disappear." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **let not God** - AT: "may God not" -* **Let darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own** - Here the human ability to claim something is applied to darkness and the shadow of death. The word "it" refers to the day of Job's birth. (See:[[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **let a cloud live on it** - "let a cloud cover it." AT: "let a cloud cover it so no one can see it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **everything that makes the day black** - This refers to things that block out the sun's light. +These two clauses describe the darkness of the day of Job's birth, thus repeating Job's regret that he had been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# May that day be dark + +This is a wish for that day to not exist any longer. AT: "may that day disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own + +Here darkness and the shadow of death are spoken of as if they were people who could claim something as their own possession. The word "it" refers to the day of Job's birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the shadow of death + +Here a shadow represents death itself. AT: "death like a shadow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May a cloud live over it + +Here a cloud is spoken of as if it were a person who could live over the day of Job's birth. AT: "May a cloud cover it so no one can see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# everything that makes the day black + +This refers to things that block out the sun's light and create darkness. Here "black" represents darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# terrify it + +"terrify that day." The day is spoken of as if it were a person who could be terrified by the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/06.md b/job/03/06.md index 5f107c7fe6..34cc48f000 100644 --- a/job/03/06.md +++ b/job/03/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# may thick darkness seize it -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +This darkness is again spoken of as if it were a person who could grasp and hold the night. AT: "may thick darkness make it disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). -## translationNotes +# thick darkness -* **thick darkness** - AT: "deep darkness" or "complete darkness" -* **let it not rejoice** - The word "it" refers to the night of Job's birth or conception. The human ability to rejoice or not rejoice is applied to that night. AT: "May that night vanish from the calendar." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]). -* **let it not come into the number** - AT: "may no one count it in the number" -* **let that night be barren** - AT: "may that night be childless" or "I wish that night had never seen my birth" -* **let no joyful voice come into it** - AT: "let no one hear the happy cry at the birth of a son" +"deep darkness" or "complete darkness" + +# May it not rejoice + +The word "it" refers to the night of Job's birth or conception. The night of Job's conception is spoken of as if it were a person who should not rejoice. AT: "May that night vanish from the calendar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). + +# may it not come into the number + +That night is spoken of as if it were a person who could walk. AT: "may no one count it in the number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). + +# may that night be barren + +The night of Job's birth is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "may no child be born on that night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). + +# may no joyful voice come into it + +Here that the night of Job's birth is spoken of as if it were a time when it was still possible for someone to be happy. AT: "may no one hear the happy cry at the birth of a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# joyful voice come + +Here the voice stands for a person who is happy. AT: "may no one be happy in it ever again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/08.md b/job/03/08.md index c5fe8e55d1..d102c0e052 100644 --- a/job/03/08.md +++ b/job/03/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# those who know how to wake up Leviathan -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Job is probably referring here to sorcerers and magicians, who he believes might be able to even provoke Leviathan in spreading chaos. Leviathan was an animal well known in Ancient Near Eastern mythology, which was thought to be responsible for all kinds of destruction, disorder, and chaos. -## translationNotes +# May the stars of that day's dawn be dark -* **Let them curse that day** - "Let those who curse days, curse that day" -* **Let the stars of that day’s twilight be dark** - "Let the stars of that day’s first light be dark" -* **Let that day look for light, but find none** - "Let that day hope for light, but have none" The human ability to seek and the ability to see are applied to the day of Job's birth. These clauses express one idea in two ways. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]). -* **neither let it see the eyelids of the dawn** - "nor see the first light of the dawn." The human feature of eyelids is applied to the dawn. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **because it did not shut up the doors of my mother’s womb** - "because that day did not close my mother's womb" +This refers to the planets that are often visible just before dawn. AT: "May the stars that appear before that day's first light be dark" + +# May that day look for light, but find none + +The day of Job's birth is spoken of as if it were a person looking for something. AT: "May that day hope for light, but have none" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# neither may it see the eyelids of the dawn + +The dawn is spoken of as if it had eyelids as a person has. AT: "nor see the first light of the dawn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# because it did not shut up the doors of my mother's womb + +A woman's womb is spoken of as if it were a container with doors. AT: "because that day did not close my mother's womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because it did not hide trouble from my eyes + +The day of Job's birth is spoken of here as if it were a person who could hide something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from my eyes + +Here "eyes" represents the person who sees with them. AT: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/11.md b/job/03/11.md index f484ab867b..945943e48c 100644 --- a/job/03/11.md +++ b/job/03/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +This passage contains four rhetorical questions, which Job asks in order to really make a series of statements. -## translationNotes +# Why did I not die when I came out from the womb? -* **Why did I not die when I came out from the womb?** - "Why did I not die at birth?" Job poses this question in order to curse the day of his birth and to express his anguish. AT: "I wish I had died the day I was born." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why did I not give up my spirit when my mother bore me?** - "Why did I not die when I came out from the womb?" See note above. AT: "I wish I had died when I came out of the womb." -* **Why did her knees receive me?** - "Why was there a lap to receive me?" See note above. AT: "I wish there had been no lap to receive me." -* **why did her breasts welcome me so that I should nurse at them?** - "Why were there breasts that I might nurse?" See note above. "I wish there had been no breasts for me to nurse." +"Why did I not die at birth?" Job poses this question in order to curse the day of his birth and to express his anguish. AT: "I wish I had died the day I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why did I not give up my spirit when my mother bore me? + +Job means to say that he should not have been born alive. AT: "I wish I had died when I came out of the womb." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# give up my spirit + +This refers to dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Why did her knees welcome me? + +This perhaps refers to the lap of Job's mother. His mother's knees are spoken of as if they were people who could welcome a newborn baby. AT: "I wish there had been no lap to receive me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Why did her breasts receive me so that I should suck? + +Job's mother's breasts are spoken of as if they also were people who could welcome a newborn baby. AT: "I wish there had been no breasts for me to nurse." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/13.md b/job/03/13.md index 14d8a0f93e..165ba23ebf 100644 --- a/job/03/13.md +++ b/job/03/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For now I would have been lying down quietly. I would have slept and been at rest -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Job uses two sentences to think about what it would be like if he had never been born or had died at birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# I would have been lying down quietly -* **For now I would have been lying down quietly; I would have slept and been at rest** - In two different ways, Job envisions that he had never been born or that he had died at birth. (See: [[ en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I would have been lying down quietly** - Job imagines something that could have happened in the past but which did not happen, as noted above. AT: "I should have been lying down quietly." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **lying down quietly** - AT: "asleep, resting peacefully" (See: UDB) -* **lying down** - The writer uses this phrase as a mild way of referring to death because direct references to death may be considered unpleasant or offensive. AT: "no longer alive" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **I would have slept and been at rest** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **slept...at rest** - The writer uses this phrase as a mild way of referring to death because direct references to death may be considered unpleasant or offensive. AT: "no longer alive." -* **with kings and counselors of the earth** - AT: "with kings and their advisers." +Job imagines something that could have happened in the past but which did not happen, as noted above. AT: "I should have been lying down quietly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# lying down quietly + +"asleep, resting peacefully" + +# been at rest + +Here the word "rest" means to sleep peacefully, but also that Job would not be experiencing the pain that he does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with kings and counselors of the earth + +"with kings and their advisers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/15.md b/job/03/15.md index 0d50a8ebc6..b1ac4b5ab1 100644 --- a/job/03/15.md +++ b/job/03/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Job continues his thoughts about dying before he was born. -## translationNotes +# Or I would have been lying ... that never see the light -* Job continues his thoughts about dying before he was born. -* **Or I would have been lying...that never see the light** - This describes something that might have happened but did not happen. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **I would have been lying with princes** - "I would be resting with princes."(UDB) In this phrase, the words "lying" and "resting" represent a polite way of saying "no longer alive." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **who once had gold, who had filled their houses with silver** - Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Or perhaps I would have been stillborn, like infants that never see the light** - Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I would have been stillborn** - AT: "I would have died in my mother's womb." -* **like infants that never see the light** - AT: "like babies who had never been born" -* **infants** - "babies" or "very small children" +This describes something that might have happened but did not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# I would have been lying with princes + +"I would be resting with princes." In this phrase, the words "lying" and "resting" are a polite way of saying "no longer alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# who once had gold, who had filled their houses with silver + +Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Or perhaps I would have been stillborn, like infants that never see the light + +Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I would have been stillborn + +"I would have died in my mother's womb" + +# like infants that never see the light + +"like babies who had never been born" + +# infants + +"babies" or "very small children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/17.md b/job/03/17.md index d08ac9c5d3..18b41d1cd6 100644 --- a/job/03/17.md +++ b/job/03/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Job changes his talk from dying to life after death. -## translationNotes +# There the wicked cease from trouble; there the weary are at rest -* Job changes his talk from dying to life after death. -* **There the wicked cease from trouble; there the weary are at rest** - Job uses parallelism to emphasize that the lowly will find rest from those causing them hardship. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **There the wicked cease from trouble** - Job is talking about the place where people go after they stop living. AT: "In that place, evil people stop causing trouble." -* **cease from trouble** - AT: "stop causing trouble" -* **there the weary are at rest** - AT: "in that place, very tired people are at peace." -* **There the prisoners are at ease together** - AT: "People who were in prison are at peace together." -* **the voice of the slave driver** - Here "voice" is a metonym for the power that the slave drivers have over the slaves. AT: "They are no longer under the control of the slave drivers." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The small and the great** - This is a figure of speech which means "all people, both poor people and rich people." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **the servant is free from his master** - A servant is no longer obligated to serve his master. +Job uses parallelism to emphasize that the lowly will find rest from those causing them hardship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# There the wicked cease from trouble + +Job is talking about the place where people go after they stop living. AT: "In that place, evil people stop causing trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the voice of the slave driver + +Here "voice" is a metonym for the power that the slave drivers have over the slaves. AT: "They are no longer under the control of the slave drivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# small and great people + +This is a figure of speech which means "all people, both poor people and rich people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the servant is free from his master + +A servant is no longer obligated to serve his master. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/20.md b/job/03/20.md index 9b31f4e167..0af8599e43 100644 --- a/job/03/20.md +++ b/job/03/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Why is light given to him who is in misery? Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Job's two questions mean basically the same thing. He is wondering why those who face hardship continue to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Why is light given to him who is in misery? -* **Why is light given to him who is in misery; why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul** - Job asks one question in two ways as to why those who face hardship continue to live. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Why is light given to him who is in misery** - He is wondering why people must stay alive and suffer. AT: "I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is suffering." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul** - "why does God give life to a miserable person?" AT: "I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is very unhappy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to one who longs for death, but it does not come** - AT: "to a person who no longer wants to be alive, but is still alive" -* **to one who searches for death more than those who search for hidden treasure** - AT: "to a person who wants to stop living more than he wants to look for hidden riches" -* **Why is light given to one who rejoices very much and is glad when he can find the grave** - AT: "I do not understand why God allows a person to keep living when the person would be very happy to be buried in the ground" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who rejoices very much and is glad** - "to a person who is very delighted and happy" These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated for emphasis (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **when he can find the grave** - A polite way of expressing death. AT: "when he is dead and can be buried." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Here Job is wondering why people must stay alive and suffer. AT: "I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# light + +Here light represents life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul ... hidden treasure? + +"why does God give life to a miserable person?" AT: "I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is very unhappy ... hidden treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to one who longs for death without it coming + +Here death is spoken of as if it were an object coming toward someone. AT: "to a person who no longer wants to be alive, but is still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to one who digs for death more than for hidden treasure + +A person hoping to die is spoken of as if he were digging for buried treasure. AT: "to a person who wants to stop living more than he wants to look for hidden riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why is light given to one who rejoices very much and is glad when he finds the grave + +Here Job uses a question to make a statement. AT: "I do not understand why God allows a person to keep living when the person would be very happy to be buried in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# one who rejoices very much and is glad + +The phrase "rejoices very much" means basically the same thing as "is glad." Together, the two phrases emphasize the intensity of gladness. AT: "one who is extremely happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# when he finds the grave + +This is a polite way of referring to dying. AT: "when he is dead and can be buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the grave + +Here the grave represents death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/23.md b/job/03/23.md index 7801a149ce..cbb7ed259e 100644 --- a/job/03/23.md +++ b/job/03/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, a man whom God has hedged in? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Job asks this question in order to make a statement. AT: "God should not give life to a man and then take away his future and confine him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why is light given to a man -* **Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, a man whom God has hedged in?** - AT: "Why does God give life to a man and then take away his future and confine him?" -* **Why is light given** - The word "light" is referring to life. -* **For my sighing happens instead of eating; my groaning is poured out like water** - Job expresses his anguish in two ways. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **my sighing happens instead of eating** - AT: "Instead of eating, I mourn." -* **my groaning is poured out like water** - Job's grief overflows like water pouring from a vessel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here light represents life. AT: "Why does God keep a man alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whose way is hidden + +Here Job speaks of his future, which he does not know in advance, as if God had hidden it from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a man whom God has hedged in + +Here being in difficulties and dangers is spoken of as if it were being confined within narrow limits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For my sighing happens instead of eating; my groaning is poured out like water + +Job expresses his anguish in two ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my sighing happens instead of eating + +"Instead of eating, I mourn" + +# my groaning is poured out like water + +Moral qualities and emotions such as grief are often spoken of as if they were water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/25.md b/job/03/25.md index 071594d503..0df5fe5680 100644 --- a/job/03/25.md +++ b/job/03/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the thing that I feared has come on me; what I was afraid of has come to me -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "what I feared most has happened to me" or "my worst fear has come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I am not at ease, I am not quiet, and I have no rest -* **the thing that I feared has come on me, what I was afraid of has come to me** - These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "What I feared most has happened to me" or "My worst fear has come true." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I am not at ease, I am not quiet, and I have no rest** - Job expresses his anguish in three separate phrases. AT: "I am very anxious" or "I am emotionally and physically tormented" -* **trouble comes instead** - AT: "distress torments me instead" +Job expresses his anguish in three separate phrases. AT: "I am very anxious" or "I am emotionally and physically tormented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/intro.md b/job/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..323803c0f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Job 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to show Job's earnest desire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/01.md b/job/04/01.md index 07e9b319e7..3fce943ad3 100644 --- a/job/04/01.md +++ b/job/04/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliphaz -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +Eliphaz is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Temanite -* **Eliphaz** - Eliphaz is a man's name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Temanite** - A Temanite belongs to the tribe of Teman. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **be grieved** - "someone makes you sad" (because of help that is offered) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **But who can stop himself from speaking?** - Eliphaz asks this question to stress that no one who sees a friend suffering can remain silent. AT: "No one can restrain himself from speaking (to a friend in such a state as you find yourself)" or "I must speak to you, (seeing that you are in a state of grief)." (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands** - This verse is in the form of Hebrew poetry. A single idea is stated in two ways for clarity, emphasis, or teaching. (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **instructed** - "corrected" or "admonished" -* **you have strengthened weak hands** - "you have helped others when they suffered loss" +A Temanite belongs to the tribe of Teman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# will you be impatient? + +Eliphaz asks this question in order to make a statement. AT: "you will surely be impatient." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will you be impatient? + +"will that annoy you?" + +# But who can stop himself from speaking? + +Eliphaz asks this question to say that no one who sees a friend suffering can remain silent. AT: "No one can restrain himself from speaking (to a friend in such a state as you find yourself)" or "I must speak to you, (seeing that you are in a state of grief)." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands + +This verse states a single idea in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you have strengthened weak hands + +Here "weak hands" represents people who need help. AT: "you have helped others when they needed help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/04.md b/job/04/04.md index 3cb065d235..eea083e389 100644 --- a/job/04/04.md +++ b/job/04/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize 1) the support that Job has given others in the past, 2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and 3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# supported -* The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses make one idea using two different statements to emphasize 1) the support that Job has given others in the past, 2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and 3) his piety before God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **supported** - "held up" like catching someone from falling to the ground when they stumble on a rock -* **falling** - "stumbling" -* **you have made feeble knees firm** - "you encouraged others when they were in extreme sorrow." -* **But now trouble has come to you** - "But now you suffer from disasters" -* **you faint** - "you are emotionally weak" -* **your fear of God** - "your piety" -* **Should not your fear of God give you confidence? Should not the integrity of your ways give you hope?** - Eliphaz asks these questions to make Job consider that the cause of his suffering is sin in his life despite his supposed piety and integrity. AT: "Everyone thinks that you honor God; everyone thinks that you are an honest man. But these things must not be true, because you have no more trust in God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Someone who has been encouraged is spoken of as if he were kept from falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# falling + +Here becoming discouraged is spoken of as if it were falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have made feeble knees firm + +Here discouragement is spoken of as if it were a person whose weak knees could not keep him upright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But now trouble has come to you + +Here trouble is spoken of as if it were an object that could come to a person. AT: "But now you suffer from disasters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are weary + +"you are discouraged" + +# your fear + +"the fact that you honor God" + +# Is not your fear your confidence, and the integrity of your ways your hope? + +Eliphaz asks these questions in order to tell Job that it is because of his sin that he is suffering. AT: "Everyone thinks that you honor God; everyone thinks that you are an honest man. But these things must not be true, because you do not trust God any longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your fear + +Eliphaz means Job's fear of God. AT: "your fear of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your ways + +Here "your ways" represents "your conduct," "how you behave." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/07.md b/job/04/07.md index 8c6b5ca0ac..f42cb00e20 100644 --- a/job/04/07.md +++ b/job/04/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Who has ever perished when innocent? -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +Eliphaz uses this question to prompt Job to search his life for sin (and God's righteous judgment) as the cause of his loss. AT: "No one has ever perished when innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# when were the upright people ever cut off -* **Think about this, I beg you** - "Please recall" -* **who has ever perished when innocent?** - Eliphaz uses this question to prompt Job to search his life for sin (and God's righteous judgment) as the cause of his loss. AT: "No one has ever perished when innocent." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **when was the upright person ever cut off?** - This question has the same purpose as the previous question. AT: "Who has ever perished when innocent?" or "No one has ever cut off an upright person." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **plow iniquity … sow trouble … reap** - The words "plow," "sow," and "reap" are agricultural terms used figuratively here to suggest that people sometimes bring trouble upon themselves through their choices and actions. -* **By the breath of God they perish; by the blast of his anger they are consumed** - The writer explains a single idea using two different statements. This is a form of Hebrew poetry used for emphasis, clarity, teaching, or all three. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **breath … blast** - The second builds on the first. They make one point by using meanings that increase the result. "By the __puff__ of God's mouth they die, the __rushing wind__ of his anger devastates them." -* **perish … are consumed** - The second builds on the first. They make one point by using meanings that increase the result. "By the puff of God's breath they __die__, the rushing wind of his anger __devastates them__." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This question also means to make a statement, and may be put into active form. AT: "No one has ever cut off an upright person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cut off + +Here being cut off represents being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plow iniquity ... sow trouble ... reap + +Here the actions of plowing and sowing represent causing trouble for other people. The action of reaping represents suffering the trouble that one has himself caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# By the breath of God they perish; by the blast of his anger they are consumed + +The writer explains a single idea using two different statements. This is a form of Hebrew poetry used for emphasis, clarity, teaching, or all three. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the breath of God + +This may represent the action of God giving a command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blast of his anger + +This expression suggests the heavy breathing that a person sometimes does through his nose when he is very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# breath ... blast + +The second builds on the first. They make the same point by using meanings that increase the result. "By the puff of God's mouth they die; the rushing wind of his anger devastates them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# perish ... are consumed + +The second phrase builds on the first. They make the same point. "By the puff of God's breath they die, the rushing wind of his anger devastates them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they are consumed + +Here being consumed or eaten represents being killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/10.md b/job/04/10.md index 1bc2b52370..5add97a0f5 100644 --- a/job/04/10.md +++ b/job/04/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize God's destruction of wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The roaring of the lion, the voice of the fierce lion, the teeth of the young lions—they are broken. -* The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize God's destruction of wicked people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The roaring of the lion, the voice of the fierce lion, the teeth of the young lions—they are broken.** - Eliphaz uses the picture of a lion's roaring, voice, and teeth being broken as an image of the wicked being destroyed. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they are broken** - "something breaks the teeth of the young lions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The old lion perishes for lack of victims; the cubs of the lioness are scattered everywhere** - Eliphaz uses the picture of an old lion dying of hunger and of a lion's family being scattered as metaphors for the wicked being destroyed. -* **are scattered** - "something scatters the cubs of the lioness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here a lion's roar, his voice, and his teeth being broken are used as pictures of the wicked being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are broken + +This may be put into active form. AT: "something breaks them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The old lion perishes for lack of victims; the cubs of the lioness are scattered everywhere + +Eliphaz uses the picture of an old lion dying of hunger and of a lion's family being scattered as metaphors for the wicked being destroyed. + +# the cubs of the lioness are scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "something scatters the cubs of the lioness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/12.md b/job/04/12.md index 9864ebf991..cce0629ab8 100644 --- a/job/04/12.md +++ b/job/04/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now a certain matter was secretly brought to me ... my ear received a whisper about it -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +These phrases express the same idea in a different way. They convey the idea that Eliphaz heard a message whispered to him. This repetition is a form of Hebrew poetry used frequently for emphasis, teaching, or clarity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# visions in the night -* **Now a certain matter was secretly brought to me; my ear received a whisper about it.** - These are separate sentences expressing the same idea in a different way. They convey the idea that Eliphaz heard a message whispered to him. This repetition is a form of Hebrew poetry used frequently for emphasis, teaching, or clarity. (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **was secretly brought** - "something brought a certain matter to me secretly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in thoughts** - "amidst troubling thoughts" -* **visions in the night** - "dreams" +"dreams" + +# when deep sleep falls on people + +"when people sleep very deeply" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/14.md b/job/04/14.md index ac1d64d4c1..4db8d0e319 100644 --- a/job/04/14.md +++ b/job/04/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] +The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize Eliphaz's fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# fear and trembling came upon me -* The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize Eliphaz's fear. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **fear and trembling** - "fear, even trembling," +Here fear and trembling are spoken of as if they were objects that could come to a person. AT: "I began to be afraid and to tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hair of my flesh stood up + +This indicates great fear. + +# the hair of my flesh + +"the hair on my body" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/16.md b/job/04/16.md index 33fa6acab8..5c5ac6fce7 100644 --- a/job/04/16.md +++ b/job/04/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The writer uses parallelism in verse 17, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize a question about the purity of man before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A form was before my eyes -* The writer uses parallelism in verse 17, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize a question about the purity of man before God. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The spirit stood still** - "It stood still," with "it" referring to the "someone" or the "spirit" or the "ghost" in [[en:bible:notes:job:04:12]] and [[en:bible:notes:job:04:14]]. -* **and I heard** - "then I heard" -* **Can a mortal man be more righteous than God?** - Eliphaz poses this question so that Job will consider, "Do I regard myself as more righteous than God?" or "Am I justified before God?" AT: "A mortal man cannot be more righteous than God" or "A mortal man cannot be righteous before God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **be more righteous than God** - AT: "be righteous before God" or "be justified before God" -* **Can a man be more pure than his Maker?** - This question has the same purpose as the previous question. AT: "A man cannot be more pure than his Maker" or "A man cannot be pure before his Maker." -* **Maker** - "Creator" +"Something was before my eyes," "I saw something" + +# and I heard + +"then I heard" + +# Can a mortal man be more righteous than God? + +Eliphaz poses this question so that Job will consider, "Do I regard myself as more righteous than God?" or "Am I justified before God?" AT: "A mortal man cannot be more righteous than God." or "A mortal man cannot be righteous before God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can a man be more pure than his Maker? + +This question has the same purpose as the previous question. AT: "A man cannot be more pure than his Maker." or "A man cannot be pure before his Maker." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Maker + +"Creator" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/18.md b/job/04/18.md index 3d1f13d1d0..ab07969d56 100644 --- a/job/04/18.md +++ b/job/04/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +This is a figurative way of describing human beings, who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). -## translationNotes +# who are crushed sooner than a moth -* **those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust** - This is a figurative way of describing human beings who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **crushed sooner than a moth** - The phrase "sooner than" is normally translated as "before." AT: "crushed before a moth" or "crushed like a moth" -* **are crushed** - "something crushes them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) "who God destroys as easily as he crushes a moth" or 2) "whose lives are as short as the life of a moth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/20.md b/job/04/20.md index 638f3bf523..338497f7d8 100644 --- a/job/04/20.md +++ b/job/04/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that people die suddenly without having achieved wisdom and without concern from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Between morning and evening they are destroyed -* These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that people die suddenly without having achieved wisdom and without concern from others. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Between morning and evening they are destroyed** - This is a figurative way of saying that humans die quickly, that life is short, just at the time between morning and evening is short. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they are destroyed** - "something destroys them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Are not their tent cords plucked up among them?** - The writer describes human beings like tents that collapse when someone pulls up the cords that hold it up. This is a figurative way of asking, "Are not they about to die?" AT: "Something plucks up their tent cords among them" or "Something plucks their lives from them."(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **Are not their tent cords plucked up among them?** - "Yes, their tent cords are plucked up among them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This refers to the idea of something happening quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are destroyed + +This may also be put into active form. AT: "they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Are not their tent cords plucked up among them? + +This may be put into active form. AT: "Have not their enemies plucked up their tent cords from among them?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# their tent cords + +Here tent cords represent a tent. Sometimes a person's home and family are pictured as his tent, which can also represent all his possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/intro.md b/job/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e19ac4f2b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eliphaz's advice ##### +Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to form Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/01.md b/job/05/01.md index 74e94f7379..396263e16d 100644 --- a/job/05/01.md +++ b/job/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# To which of the holy ones will you turn? -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Eliphaz poses this question to make the point that there is no one Job can turn to for help. AT: "Is there a holy one to whom you may turn?" or "There is no holy one to whom you can turn for help." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# holy ones -* **To which of the holy ones will you turn?** - Eliphaz poses this question to make the point that no one Job can turn to for help. AT: "Is there a holy one to whom you may turn?" or "There is no holy one to whom you can turn for help." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **jealousy kills the silly one"** - "jealousy kills the gullible one" -* **a foolish person taking root** - Here a foolish person is compared to a tree taking root, suggesting that the person grows in foolishness over time. "a foolish person becoming grounded in foolishness" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **But suddenly I cursed his home** - "But suddenly I cursed his dwelling place" +This refers to supernatural beings of some kind, whether angels or other spirits. + +# jealousy kills the silly one + +"jealousy kills anyone who acts ignorantly and impulsively" + +# the silly one ... a foolish person + +This refers to any silly person and any foolish person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# a foolish person taking root + +Here a person is spoken of as if he were a plant, perhaps becoming more foolish over time. AT: "a foolish person becoming grounded in foolishness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his home + +This refers to the person's family and all his property. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/04.md b/job/05/04.md index 220d5df5f7..bbc2d6e17b 100644 --- a/job/05/04.md +++ b/job/05/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] +These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that the children of foolish people are never safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# His children are far from safety -* These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that the children of foolish people are never safe. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **His children are far from safety** - "His" refers to the foolish person or the foolish people in [[en:bible:notes:job:05:01]]. AT: "Their children are never safe" -* **are crushed** - "someone crushes them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **city gate** - The city gate, functioning as a court, was the place where disputes were resolved and where judgments were rendered. -* **There is no one to rescue them** - AT: "There is no one to deliver the foolish people's children" -* **those whose harvest is eaten up by others who are hungry** - This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "the hungry eat the foolish people's harvest" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **people who take it even out of the thorns** - "and take it from behind the thorns" -* **those whose wealth is consumed by people thirsty for it** - This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "the thirsty consume the foolish people's wealth" +"His" refers to the foolish person or the foolish people in [Job 5:02](./01.md). AT: "Their children are never safe" + +# are crushed + +Here being crushed represents being oppressed, taken advantage of, at court. This idea may be put into active form. AT: "someone crushes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# city gate + +The city gate, functioning as a court, was the place where disputes were resolved and where judgments were given. + +# There is no one to rescue them + +"There is no one to help the foolish people's children out of their hardship" + +# they even take it from among the thorns + +This perhaps refers to parts of a field where the worst crops grow, because of thorn plants present. + +# The thirsty pant for their wealth + +Here greedy people are spoken of as if they were thirsty, and the wealth of the foolish person is spoken of as if it were something that they could drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/06.md b/job/05/06.md index 088e2db5b4..901a13c2cd 100644 --- a/job/05/06.md +++ b/job/05/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# For difficulties do not come out from the soil; neither does trouble sprout from the ground -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Here difficulties and trouble are spoken of as if they were plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# mankind is born for trouble, just as sparks fly upward -* **For difficulties do not come forth from the soil** - "For difficulties do not come forth from the dust" -* **But mankind makes his own trouble just as sparks fly upward** - The writer compares the trouble in people's lives to sparks shooting up from a fire. Both are inevitable. "But people have troubles from the time they are born just as surely as sparks shoot up from a fire" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +It is as natural for people, once they are born, to have trouble as it is for sparks to fly up from a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/08.md b/job/05/08.md index a89abe8493..82d4236b6b 100644 --- a/job/05/08.md +++ b/job/05/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +In these verses, Eliphaz continues his speech from [Job 4:01](../04/01.md). The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that Job needs to plead his case to God who does wonderful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# great and unsearchable things, marvelous things without number -* In these verses, Eliphaz continues his speech from [[en:bible:notes:job:04:01]]. The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that Job needs to plead his case to God who does wonderful things. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **great and profound things, marvelous things without number** - "great things that cannot be understood, wonders that cannot be counted" -* **great and profound things** - Here the writer uses two independent words connected by "and" to emphasize the greatness of God's actions. AT: "greatly profound things" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **marvelous things** - "wonderful things" or "wonders" +"great things that cannot be understood, wonders that cannot be counted" + +# unsearchable things + +This refers to things that mankind cannot understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# great and unsearchable things + +Here the writer uses two independent words connected by "and" to emphasize the greatness of God's actions. AT: "greatly profound things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# marvelous things + +"wonderful things" or "wonders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/11.md b/job/05/11.md index 4e09e77bdc..12c92b6adf 100644 --- a/job/05/11.md +++ b/job/05/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize how God lifts those who are lowly and debases those who are cunning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# He does this in order to set up on high those who are low -* The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize how God lifts those who are lowly and debases those who are cunning. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He does this in order to set up on high those who are low** - "God sets up on high those who are lowly" or "God gives honor to those who are lowly" or "God exalts those who are lowly" -* **to raise to safety those who mourn in ashes** - "he raises to safety those who mourn" -* **He frustrates** - "He breaks" or "He brings to nothing" -* **schemes** - "plans" or "designs" or "undertakings" -* **the crafty** - "those who are cunning" or "those who are devious" or "those who are shrewd" +Humble people in distress are spoken of as if they were in a low position. When God rescues them, they receive honor. When this happens, they are spoken of as being raised up and put into a high position. AT: "God does this in order to rescue and honor the humble who have been suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He breaks the plans + +Here stopping the plans of crafty people is spoken of as if they were things that could be physically broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He traps wise people in their own crafty actions + +Here making wise people suffer for their own evil actions is spoken of as if it were catching them in traps. Their own actions are spoken of as if they were those traps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# twisted people + +Here being evil in a clever way is spoken of as if it were being twisted. AT: "those who are cunning" or "those who are devious" or "those who are shrewd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/14.md b/job/05/14.md index 054fb37d25..8f383d0737 100644 --- a/job/05/14.md +++ b/job/05/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize how God debases those who are cunning and saves those who are poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# They encounter darkness in the daytime -* The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize how God debases those who are cunning and saves those who are poor. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They meet with darkness in the daytime** - This metaphor compares those who are cunning with those in darkness who cannot see which way to go or what to do when God breaks their schemes. "Those who are cunning encounter darkness" -* **grope** - feel around like a blind person -* **noonday** - "at noon" or "in the afternoon" -* **But he saves the poor person from the sword in their mouths** - "But God saves the poor person from the threats and oppression of the mighty" -* **the sword in their mouths** - This is symbolic language describing oppressors' exploitation of the poor. AT: "cruel, destructive words in the oppressors' mouths" -* **injustice shuts her mouth** - The speaker is giving human characteristics to "injustice". "It is as though injustice shuts her mouth". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]). +Here the cunning, wicked people whom God confuses are spoken of as if they unexpectedly are in the dark at noon, when the sun is at its highest position in the sky. They cannot do anything they wish to do, because they cannot see. AT: "Those who are cunning are in the dark, even at noontime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# grope + +feel around like a blind person + +# noonday + +"noon" + +# But he saves the poor person from the sword in their mouths + +Here the insulting and threatening things that people say are spoken of as if they were a sword in their mouths. AT: "But he saves the poor person from the threats of the mighty" or "But he saves the poor person when the mighty threaten or insult them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# injustice shuts her own mouth + +People who say unjust things are spoken of as if they were the injustice itself, who must stop speaking. AT: "It is as though injustice shut her own mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/17.md b/job/05/17.md index 679ccf2a4e..f51a7aaa3b 100644 --- a/job/05/17.md +++ b/job/05/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +The writer continues to use parallelism in verses 18 and 19, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize God's acts of chastening and healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# God corrects ... chastening of the Almighty -* The writer continues to use parallelism in verses 18 and 19, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize God's acts of chastening and healing. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **See, happy is the man whom God corrects** - "See how happy is the man whom God corrects" -* **God corrects…chastening of the Almighty** - God is pictured as a parent correcting or instructing a child. -* **happy** - "blessed" or "favored" -* **do not despise** - "do not reject" or "do not consider worthless" -* **chastening** - "instruction" or "correction" or "discipline" (UDB) -* **For he wounds and then binds up; he wounds and then his hands heal** - "For he wounds but binds up; he crushes but his hands heal" -* **He will rescue you out of six troubles; indeed, in seven troubles, no evil will touch you** - Here the pronoun shifts from "he/him" to "you." "Six times he will deliver you from trouble; seven times no evil will touch you." +God is pictured as a parent correcting or instructing a child. + +# blessed + +"favored" + +# do not despise + +"do not reject" or "do not consider worthless" + +# chastening + +"instruction" or "correction" or "discipline" + +# For he wounds and then binds up; he wounds and then his hands heal + +"For he wounds but binds up; he crushes but his hands heal" + +# his hands heal + +Here "his hands" represents God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He will rescue you out of six troubles; indeed, in seven troubles, no evil will touch you + +The use of increasing numbers such as "six" and "seven" represents the idea of many, many times. AT: "He will rescue you out of trouble over and over again; indeed, time after time, no evil will touch you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/20.md b/job/05/20.md index 96b695a51b..15778d3949 100644 --- a/job/05/20.md +++ b/job/05/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +The shift in pronoun from "he" to "you" which began in [Job 5:19](./17.md) continues through the end of Eliphaz's speech in [Job 5:27](./26.md). -## translationNotes +# In famine he will ransom you -* The shift in pronoun from "he/him" to "you" which began in [[en:bible:notes:job:05:17]] continues through the end of Eliphaz's speech in [[en:bible:notes:job:05:26]]. -* **In famine he will rescue you** - "In famine God will redeem you" -* **rescue you** - "ransom you" or "redeem you" or "save you from danger" -* **destruction** - "harm from enemies" -* **you will not be afraid of wild beasts** - "you will not be afraid of the wild beasts" -* **wild beasts** - animals that have not been tamed or trained +Here rescuing is spoken of as if it were ransoming, buying back. AT: "In famine God will rescue you from danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hands of the sword + +Here "hands" probably represents the people who attack with weapons, including swords. AT: "violent people" or "people who attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# of destruction + +Here "destruction" refers to the danger of being destroyed by enemies. AT: "that any enemy will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# You will laugh at destruction and famine + +Here "laugh" represents that the person is not afraid. AT: "You will not be afraid of any danger of destruction or famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# beasts of the earth + +This refers to wild animals. AT: "wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/23.md b/job/05/23.md index 7e76e88c42..ecde878611 100644 --- a/job/05/23.md +++ b/job/05/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize security with regard to the natural world, the homestead, and one's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# you will have a covenant with the stones in your field -* The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize security with regard to the natural world, the homestead, and one's descendants. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **you will have a covenant with the stones in your field** - This sentence uses figurative language to convey harmony with the natural world. AT: "your covenant is with the stones of the field" -* **you will be at peace with the wild beasts** - "the wild animals will be at peace with you" -* **wild beasts** - animals that have not been tamed or trained -* **You will know that your tent is in safety** - "You will know that your tent is peaceful" -* **you will visit your sheepfold and find nothing missing** - "you will visit your flock and find nothing missing" -* **You will know that your posterity will be great, that your offspring will be like the grass on the ground** - In this simile, "offspring" is pictured as numerous as blades of grass. "You will know that your descendants will be many, that your offspring will be like grass growing on the earth" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here the stones in farmers' fields are spoken of as if they were people that someone could have a covenant with. AT: "the stones in your fields will be like people who promise that they will not make any trouble for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the beasts of the field + +This refers to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You will know that your tent is in safety + +Here "tent" represents a person's family, household, and all his possessions. AT: "You will know that your family, servants, and everything you own are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will visit your sheepfold and you will not miss anything + +"when you visit where your flock stays at night, you will find all your sheep there" + +# your seed will be great + +Here "seed" represents a person's descendants. AT: "your descendants will be many" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your offspring will be like the grass on the ground + +Here "offspring" are spoken of as if they were as many as blades of grass, and probably as thriving, too. AT: "your descendants will be as many and as alive as the grass that grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/26.md b/job/05/26.md index 126bd72460..1d8aa737af 100644 --- a/job/05/26.md +++ b/job/05/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You will come to your grave at a full age -* [[en:tw:age]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"You will die at a very old age" -## translationNotes +# like a stack of grain sheaves that goes up at its time -* **You will come to your grave at a full age** - "You will die at a ripe old age when it is your time" -* **like a stack of grain sheaves that is carried up to the threshing floor** - Eliphaz is using simile to make his point that Job will die when it is time for him to die. AT: "Just as grain is harvested at the appointed time, so shall you die when it is your appointed time." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **See, we have examined this matter; it is like this; listen to it, and know it for yourself** - "We" refers to Job's friends, including Eliphaz, who is speaking. AT: "Look, we have thought about this matter. Listen to what I'm saying and know that it is true." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +"like a stack of grain sheaves that is carried up to the threshing floor" + +# See, we have examined this matter; it is like this; listen to it, and know it for yourself + +The words "we" refers to Job's friends but not to Job. AT: "Look, we have thought about this matter. Listen to what I am saying and know that it is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/intro.md b/job/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fdf89a2aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/job/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Job 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eliphaz's advice ##### +Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +##### Sickness and sin ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person's illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/01.md b/job/06/01.md index 61139dfd13..0e19c3030c 100644 --- a/job/06/01.md +++ b/job/06/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my calamity were laid in the balance -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here the writer uses two different statements to convey a single idea, the burden of Job's suffering. This can be stated in active form. AT: "if only I could weigh my anguish and all my calamities in the balance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# in the balance -* **if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my calamity were laid in the balance!** - Here the writer uses two different statements to convey a single idea, the burden of Job's suffering. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **in the balance** - "on a scale" -* **For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas** - Job compares the burden of his suffering to the weight of wet sand; both can crush a person. "The burden of my anguish and troubles is heavier than the sand on the seashore." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"on a scale" + +# For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas + +Job compares the burden of his suffering to the weight of wet sand; both can crush a person. AT: "For my anguish and calamities would be heavier than the sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my words were reckless + +"I spoke recklessly" or "I spoke rashly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/04.md b/job/06/04.md index 855d371c58..bc3b2e11e9 100644 --- a/job/06/04.md +++ b/job/06/04.md @@ -1,30 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:almighty|Almighty]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror]] +The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering as the grounds for his complaint. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the arrows of the Almighty are in me -* The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering as the grounds for his complaint. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For the arrows of the Almighty are in me** - This is a metaphor for Job's suffering. He compares his many troubles to arrows that pierce his body. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **my spirit drinks up the poison** - The metaphor continues. Suffering has penetrated Job to his core. AT: "I feel the pain to my very core." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **The terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me** - AT: "All the awful things that could happened have come against me at one time." -* **in array** - "like an army regiment" or "like a band of soldiers" -* **Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has grass? Or does the ox low in hunger when it has fodder?** - Job poses these questions to emphasize that he has good reason to complain. AT: "Would I be complaining if everything was all right?" or "I would not complain without reason." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **bray** - the sound a donkey makes -* **low** - the sound an ox makes -* **fodder** - animal food -* **Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg?** - Even the food, or circumstances, in Job's life are painful. Job compares his life to a meal that has no seasoning or flavor. "My life has no savor; it is like the tasteless white of an egg." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Can that which has no taste be eaten** - This passive question can be translated as an active statement: "A person cannot eat bad tasting food without salt." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is a metaphor for Job's suffering. He compares his many troubles to arrows that that God has shot his body with. AT: "It is as though the Almighty has shot arrows into my body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my spirit drinks up the poison + +"my spirit drinks up the arrows' poison." This continues the metaphor of the arrows, by implying that they had tips of poison and that Job feels the pain in his spirit. He speaks of feeling this pain as if his spirit drank the poison. AT: "I feel the pain of their poison in my inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me + +Job speaks of the terrible things that have happened to him as if they were soldiers that God had lined up to attack him all at once. AT: "God has caused all the terrible things that could happen to happen to me all at once" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me + +God causing many things to terrify Job is spoken of as if God's terrors were soldiers lined up to attack Job. AT: "the terrors of God have arranged themselves like soldiers in an army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has grass? Or does the ox low in hunger when it has fodder? + +Job poses these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he has a reason to complain. These question can be written as statements. AT: "Just as the wild donkey does not bray in despair when he has grass and as the ox does not low in hunger when he has fodder, I would not complain if I did not have a reason" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# bray + +the sound a donkey makes + +# low + +the sound an ox makes + +# fodder + +animal food + +# Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? + +Possible meanings are 1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people's dislike for bland food or 2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend's advice to people's dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? + +Job uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize his own displeasure. These questions can be written as a statement. AT: "Tasteless food cannot be eaten without salt, just as there is no taste in the white of an egg." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can that which has no taste be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Can you eat that which has no taste" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/07.md b/job/06/07.md index c97befa45c..8a0d8568f1 100644 --- a/job/06/07.md +++ b/job/06/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +Job continues to use parallelisms in these verses as he speaks about his sufferings and his desire for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I refuse to touch them -* The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering and his desire for death. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I refuse to touch them** - "Them" refers to bad tasting foods. Here Job continues to use the image of bad food as a metaphor for his unpalatable circumstances. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **Oh that I might have my request; oh, that God would grant me the thing that I long for** - AT: "Oh that God would do what I have been asking him to do" -* **that it would please God to crush me once** - AT: "That God would go ahead and crush me" -* **that he would let loose his hand and cut me off from this life** - AT: "that he would act quickly and cut short my life" -* **let loose his hand** - "act quickly" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Them" refers to bad tasting foods. + +# to crush me once + +This means for God to cause him to die. AT: "to crush me and let me die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# that he would let loose his hand and cut me off from this life + +The phrases "let loose his hand" is an idiom that means to act quickly. Also, the phrase "cut me off from this life" is a euphemism for killing him. AT: "that he would act quickly and cut short my life" or "that he would act quickly and end my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/10.md b/job/06/10.md index 98316b3536..fdf511e890 100644 --- a/job/06/10.md +++ b/job/06/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# May this still be my consolation -* [[en:tw:exult]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:holyone|Holy One]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:patient|patient, patience]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +"May this bring me comfort." The word "this" refers to God allowing him to die. AT: "May my death still bring me comfort" or "May my death still comfort me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# even if I exult in pain that does not lessen -* **May this still be my consolation** - "May this yet be my consolation" or "May this bring me comfort" -* **even if I exult in pain that does not lessen** - "I would leap for joy in unending pain" or "I would endure pain that does not diminish" -* **exult** - "rejoice" -* **does not lessen** - "does not diminish" -* **that I have not denied the words of the Holy One** - "that I have not disowned God" -* **What is my strength, that I should try to wait? -* Job poses these questions to emphasize that it is pointless for him to go on living. AT: "Besides, what else is there for me to live for and look forward to?" or "I have no strength to go on living; I have no reason to be patient" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"I would leap for joy in unending pain" or "I would endure pain that does not diminish" + +# exult + +"rejoice" + +# does not lessen + +"does not diminish" + +# that I have not denied the words of the Holy One + +"that I have not disowned God." This can be written in positive form. AT: "that I have always obeyed the Holy One" + +# What is my strength, that I should try to wait? What is my end, that I should prolong my life? + +Job poses these questions to emphasize that he has no reason to continue living. These questions have the same meaning. They may be written as statements. AT: "I do not have enough strength to go on living; I have no reason to prolong my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/12.md b/job/06/12.md index f71df620e0..babe027c0e 100644 --- a/job/06/12.md +++ b/job/06/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +The writer uses parallel rhetorical questions in each of these verses to emphasize Job's lack of strength to endure suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh made of bronze? -* The writer uses parallel rhetorical questions in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's lack of strength to endure suffering. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh made of bronze?** - Job contrasts the weakness of his body to tough, durable building materials to emphasize his lack of strength. AT: "I am not as strong as the rocks. My body is not made of metal." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is it not true that I have no help in myself?** - AT: "It is true that I have no strength left." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **wisdom has been driven out of me** - "my success has been taken from me" or "or "inner strength has been driven out of me" This passive clause can be written as an active clause: "My inner strength is gone." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Job describes the weakness of his body by saying that he is not as strong as rocks and bronze to emphasize his lack of strength. These rhetorical questions may be written as statements. AT: "I am not as strong as the rocks. My flesh is not as strong as metal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is it not true that I have no help in myself ... me? + +Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his lack of wisdom and his weakness. This question can be written as a statement. Also, the phrase "no help in myself" is an idiom. AT: "It is true that I have no strength left ... me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# wisdom has been driven out of me + +"my success has been taken from me." This can be stated in active form. AT: "my wisdom is gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/14.md b/job/06/14.md index ef30de8c8e..b91d8b0dd2 100644 --- a/job/06/14.md +++ b/job/06/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A friend should be faithful to the person who feels he is about to faint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# who is about to faint -* **To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend** - "A friend should be kind to the person who feels hopeless" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty** - "even if he stops honoring Almighty God" (UDB) Possible meanings are 1) the person does not fear God or 2) His friend does not fear God. -* **But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed** - Job is describing his friends as being like a "wadi" which is a stream that can suddenly dry up and is not dependable. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **as channels of water that pass away to nothing** - "like streams of water that dry up" -* **which are darkened because of ice over them** - "which are dark like ice" -* **and because of the snow that hides itself in them** - "and the snow hides in them" or "the snow disappears in them" -* **When they thaw out, they vanish** - "When they warm up, they disappear" -* **when it is hot, they melt out of their place** - "when it is hot, they dry up" +This speaks of a person who feels hopeless and is overwhelmed by his troubles as if he were about to physically faint. AT: "who feels hopeless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty + +"even if he stops fearing Almighty God." Possible meanings are 1) the faint person does not fear God or 2) his friend does not fear God. + +# But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed + +Job speaks of his friends being unfaithful to him as being like a "wadi" which is a stream that can suddenly dry up. Also, Job refers to his friends ironically here as his "brothers." AT: "But my friends are unfaithful to me. They are like a desert streambed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# as channels of water that pass away to nothing + +"like streams of water that dry up." Job continues speaking of his friends being unfaithful as if they were streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# which are darkened because of ice over them ... and because of the snow that hides itself in them + +These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed is full of ice and snow in the winter. AT: "which look dark in the winter because they are covered with ice and are full of melted snow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because of the snow that hides itself in them + +This speaks of the snow melting and the water going into the streambed as if the snow were hiding in the streambed. AT: "because the snow melts and goes into them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# When they thaw out, they vanish ... when it is hot, they melt out of their place + +These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed dries up in the hot season. AT: "When it is hot, the ice melts and the streambeds dry up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/18.md b/job/06/18.md index c2c9b3e622..1ba375f7f5 100644 --- a/job/06/18.md +++ b/job/06/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Job is continuing his description of his friends being as unreliable as streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The caravans that travel by their way turn aside for water -* **The caravans that travel by their way turn aside for water** - Job is continuing his description of his friends being as unreliable as streams that dry up. AT: "The paths of travelers change course looking for water" -* **The caravans** - This phrase can also be translated as "the paths of caravans" or "the paths of travelers" or "travelers." -* **they wander into barren land and then perish** - "they go nowhere and then die" -* **Tema** - This is the name of a place. The people of that place used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **while companies of Sheba hoped in them** - "while travelers from Sheba hoped for them" -* **Sheba** - This is the name of a place. The people of that place used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **hoped in them** - "hoped for them" or "put their hope in them" -* **They were disappointed because they had been confident of finding water** - "They were confused because they had trusted that they would find water" -* **but they were deceived** - AT: "but they were disappointed" or "but they were not satisfied" +"The caravans turn aside from the routes to find water" or "The caravans change course looking for water" + +# The caravans + +A caravan is a large group of travelers riding camels across the desert. + +# barren land + +"wasteland" or "empty land" + +# Tema ... Sheba + +These are the names of places. The people of these places used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# while companies of Sheba + +"while caravans from Sheba" + +# hoped in them + +"hoped for them" or "put their hope in them" + +# but they were deceived + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but they were disappointed" or "but they were not satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/21.md b/job/06/21.md index 243eb82de7..4319c784e3 100644 --- a/job/06/21.md +++ b/job/06/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +In these verses, Job poses four questions to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he did not ask for help from any of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# For now -* In these verses, Job poses four questions to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he didn't ask for help from any of them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For now** - Job uses this phrase to introduce the main part of what he is saying. -* **you friends are nothing to me** - "you do not act like my friends" -* **and are afraid** - "and you are afraid that God might do similar things to you." (UDB) Here the UDB makes more explicit the implicit information that the friends are afraid of God punishing them. -* **Did I say to you, ‘Give something to me’?** - AT: "I did not ask any of you for anything." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Offer me a gift from your wealth?** - AT: "I did not ask you to give me money." or "I did not ask you to offer from your wealth a bride on my account." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Save me from my adversary’s hand?** - "My adversary's hand" is a metonym that stands for the power of someone who is strongly against Job. AT: "I never asked any of you to rescue me from my enemies" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors?** - "Hand of my oppressors" is a metonym that stands for the power of the men who are treating Job badly. AT: "I did not ask you to rescue me from those who treated me badly." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Ransom me** - "Rescue me" +Job uses this phrase to introduce the main part of what he is saying. + +# you friends are nothing to me + +"you friends have not helped me at all" + +# are afraid + +This means that they see the trouble Job has and are afraid of being in the same situation. AT: "you are afraid that God might do similar things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Did I say to you, 'Give something to me?' Or, 'Offer me a gift from your wealth?' Or, 'Save me from my adversary's hand?' Or, 'Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors?' + +Job uses rhetorical questions to emphasize that he did not ask his friends to give him anything or to help him. AT: "I did ask you to give me money or a gift. Nor did I ask you to save me from my adversary or oppressors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Save me from my adversary's hand ... Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Also, here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "Save me from my adversary or my oppressors" or "Save me from my adversary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ransom me + +"Rescue me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/24.md b/job/06/24.md index b09ed59e03..a4da89151a 100644 --- a/job/06/24.md +++ b/job/06/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Teach me ... make me -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +These verbs "teach" and "make" are second person plural and are spoken to his friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# I will hold my peace -* **Teach me** - The verb "to teach" is in second person plural form.(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **and I will hold my peace** - "and I will be silent" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **make me understand** - This can be translated as "you make me understand." The verb is in second person plural form. -* **How painful are truthful words** - The ULB and the UDB have opposite meanings for this phrase. This is because possible meanings in the Hebrew are 1) The truthful words are painful to hear or 2) The words of a truthful person are not painful to hear. -* **But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me?** - Job is using this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that what they are saying does not apply to him. AT: "Your reasons do not apply to me even though you sternly correct me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **your arguments** - "your reasons" or "your claims." "Your" is in second person plural form. +This is an idiom. AT: "I will be silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# How painful are truthful words! But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? + +The exact meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate "How painful" as "How pleasant." AT: "When a person speaks the truth, it harms no one. But your arguments are not true, so how do they actually rebuke me?" + +# But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? + +Job is using this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that what they are saying does not apply to him. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Your reasons for rebuking me do not apply to me even though you sternly correct me." or "But your arguments against me are not true, so they do not actually rebuke me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your arguments + +"your reasons" or "your claims" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/26.md b/job/06/26.md index ff753f2cea..98179ab289 100644 --- a/job/06/26.md +++ b/job/06/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you plan to ignore my words, treating the words of a desperate man like the wind? -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Job uses this rhetorical question to scold his friends. He compares his words to the wind to explain that his friends act like his words are empty and useless. AT: "You ignore my words! I am a desperate man, and you treat my words as if they are as useless as the wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# Do you -* **Do you plan to ignore my words, treating the words of a desperate man like the wind?** - Job uses this question to scold his friends. AT: "You ignore my words, and treat my words like they are nothing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do you...** - "You" is in second person plural form. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **treating the words of a desperate man like the wind** - Job is comparing the hopeless words of a man desperate for help to the emptiness of the wind; both are useless. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **you cast lots for a fatherless child** - "you even gamble to win an orphan" -* **you cast lots...and (you) haggle over your friend** - Here "you" and "your" are in second person plural form. -* **and haggle over your friend like merchandise** - AT: "and dig a pit for your friend" +"You" is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you cast lots for a fatherless child + +"you would even gamble to win an orphan" + +# you cast lots ... haggle over your friend + +Here "you" and "your" are in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# haggle over your friend like merchandise + +This compares how the man would sell his friend to how a person sells merchandise or wares. AT: "bargain to sell your friend for money!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/28.md b/job/06/28.md index 286501f980..512760e213 100644 --- a/job/06/28.md +++ b/job/06/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:face]] +This word is used by Job to introduce new information. -## translationNotes +# please look -* **Now** - This word is used by Job to introduce new information. -* **please look** - The verb "to look" is in second person plural form. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **your face** - "Your" is in second person plural form. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **Relent, I beg you** - "Please be merciful to me" or "Please turn back" -* **Relent** - This verb is in second person plural form. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **let there be no injustice with you** - "treat me fairly" -* **Indeed, relent, for my cause is just** - "Change the way you are treating me again; I am right in this" or "Change the way you are treating me; I am still right in this" -* **relent** - This verb is in second person plural form. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **Is there evil on my tongue?** - "Do I say wicked things?" Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. AT: "I do not say wicked things." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is there evil on my tongue?** - A tongue cannot physically have evil on it, so this is a metonym used to describe wicked speech. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Cannot my mouth detect malicious things?** - Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. AT: "I can tell the difference between good and bad." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The verb "to look" is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I would not lie to your face + +The word "your" refers to Job's friends. Here his friends are represented by their faces to emphasize that they are looking at him. AT: "I would not lie to you while I am looking at you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Relent, I beg you + +"Please be merciful to me" or "Stop speaking like this, I beg you" + +# let there be no injustice with you + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "treat me fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Indeed, relent, for my cause is just + +"Indeed, change the way you are treating me, for I am right in this" + +# Is there evil on my tongue? + +"Do I say wicked things?" Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I do not say wicked things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# on my tongue + +Here Job's speech is represented by his "tongue." AT: "in my speech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Cannot my mouth detect malicious things? + +Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. Here Job refers to himself by his "mouth" to emphasize his speech. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I know what is right to say and what is wrong to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/intro.md b/job/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4f34cfe40f --- /dev/null +++ b/job/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Job 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/01.md b/job/07/01.md index e6985e4b16..8d28336a80 100644 --- a/job/07/01.md +++ b/job/07/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that his personal suffering is part of the universal suffering which all people experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Does not man have hard labor on earth? -* The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that his personal suffering is part of the universal suffering which all people experience. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Is there not hard labor for every person on earth?** - Job poses this question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience suffering. AT: "Does not everyone have hard labor on earth?" or "Everyone has hard labor on earth" (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are not his days like the days of a hired man?** - Job poses this question to emphasize his awareness that all people struggle in life. AT: "And his days are like the days of a hired man." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Like a slave ... like a hired man** - Job compares himself (verse 3) to those who work hard have no relief (verse 2). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the shadows of the evening** - "shade" -* **a hired man** - This is a man who worked jobs one day at a time and was paid at the end of every day. "a day laborer" -* **so I have been made to endure months of misery; God has assigned me months of trouble-filled nights** - filled nights** - "so I endure months of misery and trouble-filled nights" -* **months of misery** - "disastrous months" or "months of emptiness" +Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience hard work. It can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "There is hard labor for every person on earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# on earth + +This is a generalization that means for the time people are living on the earth. AT: "while he lives on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Are not his days like the days of a hired man? + +Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people struggle in life. AT: "And their days are like the days of a hired man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Like a slave ... like a hired man ... so I have been ... given trouble-filled nights + +Job compares his misery and trouble to that of the slave and hired man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the shadows of evening + +"cool shade." The implied information is that the shadows of evening provide coolness and shade from the sun (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a hired man + +"a day laborer." This is a man who worked jobs one day at a time and was paid at the end of every day. + +# looks for his wages + +"waits for his pay" + +# so I have been made to endure months of misery; I have been given trouble-filled nights + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "so I endure months of misery; I get trouble-filled nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# months of misery + +The abstract noun "misery" can be translated as the adjective "miserable." AT: "miserable months" or "empty months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/04.md b/job/07/04.md index 8c279cbd67..3e98cccee5 100644 --- a/job/07/04.md +++ b/job/07/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# When I lie down -* [[en:tw:flesh]] +The implied information is that this is when Job would lie down to sleep at night. AT: "When I lie down to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# I say to myself -* **When will I get up and when will the night be gone?** - Job poses this question to emphasize his intense suffering during the hours he should be sleeping. AT: "I wish I could get up, but night continues." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I am full of tossing to and fro​** - This indicates that Job has moved in his bed all night without any rest. "I so tired of tossing and turning restlessly." -* **clods of dust** - lumps of dirt +Job poses a question to no one else in particular. AT: "I ask" or "I wonder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# When will I get up and when will the night be gone? + +Job poses this question to emphasize his intense suffering during the hours he should be sleeping. AT: "I wish I could get up, but night continues." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# tossing to and fro + +"turning back and forth." This indicates that Job has moved on his bed all night without any rest. + +# My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust + +The worms and clods of dust are pictured as covering Job as if they were clothing. AT: "My flesh is covered with worms and clods of dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My flesh + +This represents his whole body. AT: "My body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# clods of dust + +Possible meanings are 1) lumps or crusts of dirt or 2) scabs on the skin. + +# dissolve and run afresh + +"break out again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/06.md b/job/07/06.md index eb4772a6b7..3eae09d3ff 100644 --- a/job/07/06.md +++ b/job/07/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] +The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's sense of the shortness of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle -* The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's sense of the shortness of life. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle** - "My life goes by very quickly" -* **weaver** - a person who makes cloth by crossing threads or yarn -* **a weaver's shuttle** - a moving part that goes back and forth very fast in a machine or apparatus for making cloth -* **they pass without hope** - "they come to an end with absolutely no hope" -* **God, call to mind** - The word "God" was added to this phrase because the people who heard "call to mind" would have understood that God was addressed. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). -* **my life is only a breath** - In this metaphor, Job compares the shortness of his life to the shortness of a breath. "My life is very short like taking one breath" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **my eye will no more see good** - "I will never again experience happiness." +Job compares his lifetime to the quickness of a weaver's shuttle. AT: "My life goes by very quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# weaver + +a person who makes cloth by crossing threads or yarn + +# a weaver's shuttle + +a moving part that carries thread or yarn back and forth quickly in a loom when making cloth + +# call to mind + +"remember." The phrase "call to mind" does not mean God forgot. Job is asking God to consider or think about the shortness of Job's life. + +# my life is only a breath + +Job compares the shortness of his life to the shortness of a breath. AT: "my life is very short, like taking one breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my eye will no more see good + +Here "my eye" represents Job's whole person and his ability to see or experience things. AT: "I will never again experience good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/08.md b/job/07/08.md index 77ecc2f482..cebb6b49d4 100644 --- a/job/07/08.md +++ b/job/07/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] +The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's thought that, after death, neither God nor the people he knew will see him again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The eye of God, who sees me, will see me no more -* The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's thought that, after death, neither God nor the people he knew will see him again. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The eye of God, who sees me, will see me not more** - The word "God" was added to this phrase because the context implies that Job is speaking with God. "The eye which sees me will see me no more." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). -* **God's eyes will be on me, but I will not exist** - "Your eyes will be on me, but I will not exist." -* **As the cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more** - Job is describing death in terms of the vanishing clouds. "As the cloud vanishes, so he who dies disappears" or "Once you are in the grave, you cannot arise."(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]])) -* **As a cloud is consumed** - "As a cloud fades away" +Many versions of the Bible translate this as "The eye which sees me will see me no more." The words "of God" were added to this phrase because they are implied by the context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The eye of God, who sees me ... God's eyes will be on me + +Here God is represented by his "eye" to emphasize what he looks at. AT: "God who watches me ... God will look for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# As a cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more + +Job is describing death as being like the clouds that disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# As a cloud is consumed + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "As a cloud fades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more + +"he who dies will not return" + +# his place + +The words "his place" represent those who live in his place. AT: "the people who live in his place" or "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/11.md b/job/07/11.md index dc3ece89d4..576f141f23 100644 --- a/job/07/11.md +++ b/job/07/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Job conveys a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the reason he will not remain silent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I will not restrain my mouth -* **I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul** - Job conveys a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the reason he will not remain silent. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will not restrain my mouth** - "I will not stop talking" -* **the anguish of my spirit** - "the torment of my spirit" or "the agony of my suffering" -* **the bitterness of my soul** - "the resentment of my soul" -* **Am I the sea or a sea monster, that you place a guard over me?** - Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. "I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the mouth represents speech. AT: "I will not restrain my speech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the anguish of my spirit + +"in the distress of my spirit" or "in the torment of my suffering." The abstract noun "anguish" can be translated using the adverb "distress." AT: "while my spirit is distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the bitterness of my soul + +Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and "soul" refers to the whole man. AT: "with anger and resentment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me? + +Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/13.md b/job/07/13.md index 527a456b17..a65bc4c211 100644 --- a/job/07/13.md +++ b/job/07/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +The writer continues to use parallelism in the first two verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# My bed will comfort me, and my couch will ease my complaint -* The writer continues to use parallelism in the first two verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **My bed will comfort me and my couch will ease my complaint** - Here "bed" and "couch" are metonyms for "sleep." In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **You scare me** - "You" refers to God to whom Job is making his complaint. -* **strangling** - killing a person by squeezing his throat and stopping his breathing -* **these bones of mine** - Here Job uses the word "bones" to refer to his body. AT: "This body of mine" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). +Here "bed" and "couch" are metonyms for "sleep." In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. AT: "My bed, my couch, will be like someone who can comfort me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# My bed ... my couch + +These phrases refer to the same thing. AT: "My bed ... my bed" + +# you scare me + +"you" here refers to God + +# strangling + +killing a person by squeezing the throat and stopping the breathing + +# these bones of mine + +Here Job uses the word "bones" to refer to his body. AT: "This body of mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/16.md b/job/07/16.md index 29802524f5..0fe2ee5648 100644 --- a/job/07/16.md +++ b/job/07/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +The writer continues to use parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the impact of Job's misery on his sense of self worth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I loathe my life -* The writer continues to use parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the impact of Job's misery on his sense of self worth. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I loathe my life** - "I despise my life" -* **to always be alive** - "to live forever" -* **my days are useless** - "my days are pointless" or "my days are of no value" -* **that you should pay attention to him** - "that you should magnify him" -* **that you should set your mind on him** - "that you should direct your attention to him" -* **that you should observe him** - "that you should carefully inspect him" +"I despise my life" + +# to always be alive + +"to live forever" + +# my days are useless + +"my days are pointless" or "the days of my life are empty" + +# What is man that ... every moment? + +Job asks this question to emphasize that he wonders why God pays attention to people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me what man is that ... every moment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# set your mind on him + +Here the mind represents thoughts and attention. To "set your mind on" means to give attention to. AT: "direct your attention to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# observe him + +"carefully examine him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/19.md b/job/07/19.md index f7e6d9d0ee..5fd2209717 100644 --- a/job/07/19.md +++ b/job/07/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# How long will it be ... swallow down my own saliva? -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +Here Job conveys a single idea using two different rhetorical questions to emphasize his wish that God would stop watching him. AT: "Look away from me! Leave me alone long enough for me to swallow my own saliva!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# saliva -* **How long will it be before you look away from me, before you let me alone long enough for me to swallow down my own saliva?** - Here Job conveys a single idea using two different rhetorical questions to emphasize his wish that God would stop watching him. "Look away from me! Leave me alone long enough for me to swallow my own saliva!" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Even if I have sinned, what would that do to you, you who watch men?** - Job poses this question to rebuke God. "Even if I have sinned, that would do nothing to you, who watches over people." (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* ** Why have you made a target of me?** - "Why have you made me a target for yourself" +liquid produced in people's mouths that keeps the mouth moist and helps to swallow food + +# Even if I have sinned ... burden for you? + +Job poses these questions to argue against God treating him unfairly. AT: "Even if I have sinned, that would do nothing to you, as you watch over people. Tell me why you have made me your target, so that I am a burden for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/21.md b/job/07/21.md index ba02a3b0ce..a353b36ebc 100644 --- a/job/07/21.md +++ b/job/07/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity? -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Here Job uses two similar clauses within a rhetorical question to emphasize his point. Possible meanings are: 1) Job is asking why God does not forgive him. AT: "Tell me why you do not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity." or 2) Job is asking God why he cannot just overlook his supposed wrongdoings. AT: "Tell me why you do not just bear with my transgression and iniquity." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# take away -* **Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity?** - Here Job uses two different clauses within a rhetorical question to emphasize his desire that God pardon his sin. He poses this question to rebuke God for making him suffer. AT: "Forgive my transgression and remove my iniquity." See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why do you not pardon my transgression** - "Why not pardon my transgression?" -* **take away** - "remove" -* **I will lie down in the dust** - The phrase "lie down in the dust" is a mild or polite way of saying "die." "I will die" (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"remove" + +# now will I lie down in the dust + +The phrase "lie down in the dust" is a metonym that represents dying. AT: "now I will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not exist + +"I will not be here" or "I will be gone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/intro.md b/job/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d1c360227 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Job 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/01.md b/job/08/01.md index 055e8c6766..ba6e3dfbad 100644 --- a/job/08/01.md +++ b/job/08/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +In this chapter, Bildad begins to speak about Job's complaints. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* In each verse of his speech, Bildad conveys a single idea using two different statements, first to rebuke Job and then to defend God. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Then Bildad the Shuhite answered** - "Bildad" is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind?** - Bildad poses this question to rebuke Job for complaining to God. In this metaphor, both Job's words and the wind are empty and insubstantial. AT: "The words of your mouth are a mighty wind." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness?** - Here the writer uses two parallel rhetorical questions, which Bildad poses to rebuke Job. AT: "God does not act unjustly; the Almighty does not fail to do what is right." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Verses 2 and 3 each consist of two different questions that have the same meaning. Bildad uses these questions to rebuke Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Then Bildad the Shuhite answered + +"Bildad" is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind? + +Bildad speaks of Job's words as if they are as empty and insubstantial as the wind. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "The words of your mouth are as insignificant as a mighty wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness? + +Here "God" and "the Almighty" both refer to Yahweh. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "God does not act unjustly; the Almighty does not fail to do what is right." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# pervert + +"do what is against" or "do what is contrary to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/04.md b/job/08/04.md index 54fe208adc..22ce67427c 100644 --- a/job/08/04.md +++ b/job/08/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for he gave them into the hand of their sins -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Here "hand" represents the power or results of sin. Bildad implies that God killed Job's children because of their sin. AT: "for God caused the consequences of your children's sins to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# But suppose you diligently sought God and presented your request to the Almighty -* **for he has handed them over to their sins** - "it is because God has allowed the power of their sin to control them" or "he punished them with the consequences of their sins." -* **But suppose you diligently sought God and presented your request to the Almighty** - Here the writer expresses the single idea of seeking God in order to present his case using two steps. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Bildad is saying what would have happened if Job had correctly spoken to God, but Bildad does not believe that Job really did this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# diligently sought God ... presented your request to the Almighty + +These two phrases both refer to Job asking God for help or pleading with God for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# diligently sought God + +"earnestly asked God for help" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/06.md b/job/08/06.md index 07d6266e54..cf6011dab3 100644 --- a/job/08/06.md +++ b/job/08/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +Bildad says that God would treat Job well if he was pure, but Bildad does not believe that Job is pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# If you are pure and upright -* **Suppose that you were pure and upright** - "If only you were pure and righteous" or "If your heart and actions were right" -* **Even though your beginning was small, still your final condition would be much greater.** - “Even though you were not very prosperous before, during the last part of your life you will become very wealthy.” +"If only you were pure and righteous" or "If only you would obey God and do what is right" + +# stir himself on your behalf + +Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he woke from sleep to help Job. AT: "help you" or "do good things for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# restore you to your rightful place + +This refers to giving back to Job the things he lost, including his family, wealth, and honor. + +# Even though your beginning was small, still your final condition would be much greater + +Here lack of wealth is spoken of as being a "small beginning." AT: "Even if you were poor early in your life, God would make you very wealthy later in your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/08.md b/job/08/08.md index 3ff6b15f6a..30e6ca9bce 100644 --- a/job/08/08.md +++ b/job/08/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Bildad continues to use parallelism in each of these verses to emphasize that their ancestors agree with the things Bildad is telling Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# give your attention to what our ancestors learned -* The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the people's capacity to learn from their ancestors, given the brevity of life and the ancestors' willingness to impart teachings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **about the ages past** - "about earlier generations" -* **apply yourself to learn what our ancestors discovered** - "study carefully what our ancestors discovered" or "consider what our forefathers discovered" -* **our days on earth are a shadow** - In this simile, life is compared to a shadow; both pass by quickly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Will they not teach you and tell you, Will they not speak words from their hearts?** - Bildad poses this question to rebuke Job. AT: "They will teach you and tell you, and from their understanding bring forth words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"study carefully what our ancestors discovered" or "consider the things our forefathers learned" + +# our days on earth are a shadow + +The shortness of life is spoken of as if it were a shadow which quickly disappears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will they not teach you and tell you? Will they not speak words from their hearts? + +Bildad uses these rhetorical questions to rebuke Job for not agreeing with Bildad and the ancestors. They can be translated as statements. AT: "They will teach you and tell you and speak what they sincerely believe." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# from their hearts + +Here the word "hearts" represents their inner beliefs. AT: "that they sincerely believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/11.md b/job/08/11.md index 573ee7dace..eaa0e5170f 100644 --- a/job/08/11.md +++ b/job/08/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:water]] +It is unclear if verses 11-14 are the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). -## translationNotes +# Can papyrus grow without a marsh? Can reeds grow without water? -* **Can papyrus grow without a marsh? Can reeds grow without water?** - Bildad poses two rhetorical questions to emphasize his point made in [[en:bible:notes:job:08:08]]: People need the teachings of their ancestors. AT: "Papyrus plants cannot grow away from the marshes. Reeds cannot grow without water." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]). -* **wither** - "dry up" +Bildad uses these two parallel questions to emphasize the single point that people cannot live without God. Here the plants represent people and the water represents God. The questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Papyrus plants cannot grow away from the marshes. Reeds cannot grow without water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# papyrus + +a tall reed-like plant that grows in shallow water + +# While they are still green and not cut down, they wither before any other plant + +It is implied that they wither when there is no water. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Without water, they stop growing and wither faster than any other plant, even if no one cuts them down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# wither + +"dry up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/13.md b/job/08/13.md index ff0b09f8c4..d6f83d679a 100644 --- a/job/08/13.md +++ b/job/08/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +It is unclear if verses 11-14 are the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* 15, the writer uses parallelism, conveying a single idea with two different statements to emphasize the destruction of those who do not build their lives on the teachings of their ancestors. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **So also are the paths of all who forget God** - "Walking a path" is a common idiom that refers to a person's life and its direction. It often refers to whether people are following God's way or their own. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **those whose trust is as fragile as a spider's web** - Here Bildad compares the lives of the godless to a spider's web; the slightest force will break both. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he will hold on to it** - "he will try to keep it together" or "he will try to support it" +In verses 14-18, the pronouns "he" and "his" refer to the godless person who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns "they" and "their." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# So also are the paths of all who forget God + +Here "the paths" represents a person's future and the events that will happen to them. AT: "The same thing will happen to everyone who forgets God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hope of the godless will perish + +"the things the godless person desires will not happen" + +# His confidence will break apart ... his trust is as weak as a spider's web + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the godless person is trusting in something that cannot save him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his trust is as weak as a spider's web + +Here Bildad compares the trust of the godless person to a spider's web; the slightest force will break both. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He leans on his house, but it will not support him; he takes hold of it, but it does not stand + +This statement probably refers to a man relying on his property and wealth for security. If so, then "house" here represents the owner's property and wealth. AT: "He thinks he will be safe because he is wealthy, but he will not be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will not support him + +This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "he will fall down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# it does not stand + +This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "it will fall down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/16.md b/job/08/16.md index 3eb5e192ea..b58fb7924c 100644 --- a/job/08/16.md +++ b/job/08/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +Here pronouns "he" and "his" refer to the godless person who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns "they" and "their." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden -* 17, the writer continues to use parallelism, conveying a single idea using two different statements to picture the stony, temporary foundation of the godless. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden** - Here Bildad compares the godless to plants that flourish in the daytime; both initially look alive, fresh, and healthy. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone** - The godless person's roots cling not to fertile soil but to rocks. Rocky ground cannot help plants grow. This person's roots will soon die. "His roots cling to rocky ground." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they look for good places among the rocks** - The word "they" refers to the godless person's roots. "they look for fertile ground among the rocks" or "they look for rich soil among the rocks" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **if this person is destroyed out of his place, then that place will deny him and say, 'I never saw you'** - The godless person is compared to a plant which, when removed from its rocky foundation, is unrecognizable elsewhere because it cannot flourish in any fertile place. "If he is uprooted from his place, it will disown him saying,'I have never seen you.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that place will deny him and say** - The human ability to deny and to speak is applied to the rocky ground. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]])) -* **his place** - "the rocky ground" +Here Bildad compares the godless person to a plant that is healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Under the sun he is green + +The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) he is healthy during the day or 2) he is watered before the sun rises. + +# His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone ... they look for good places among the rocks + +These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or 2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if this person is destroyed out of his place + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone pulls him out of his place" or "if a gardener tears him out of the garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his place + +"the rocky ground" or "the garden" + +# that place will deny him and say, 'I never saw you.' + +The garden is spoken of as if it had human ability to speak. The garden immediately forgets that he existed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/19.md b/job/08/19.md index 29d0acfeeb..87b3f319ab 100644 --- a/job/08/19.md +++ b/job/08/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# this is the "joy" of such a person's behavior -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] +Bildad is speaking with irony to express that there is not any real joy for the godless person. AT: "this is all the joy they will receive from their godless actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# other plants will sprout out of the same soil in his place -* **'joy'** - the reward, the result of a person's evil behavior that Bildad scornfully voices as 'joy.' (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **behavior** - "actions" or "way of life" -* **other plants will sprout up from the same soil in his place** - Here the writer continues the metaphor from [[en:bible:notes:job:08:16]]. Godless people are compared to plants that take the place of the first ones that grow among rocks. AT: "When one wicked man dies, another will take his place" or "From the soil, another will grow." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **sprout up** - "grow" -* **same soil** - "the rocky ground" -* **in his place** - "in the place of the godless man" -* **neither will he take the hand of evildoers** - "Hand" represents the whole person. "he will not support evildoers" or "he will not strengthen evildoers" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Bildad continues the metaphor from [Job 08:16-18](./16.md). Other godless people are spoken of as plants who take the place of the first godless man when he dies. AT: "when one wicked man dies, another will take his place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sprout + +"grow" + +# the same soil + +"the rocky ground" or "the garden" + +# in his place + +"in the place of the godless man" + +# God will not cast away an innocent man + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "God will accept an innocent man" + +# neither will he take the hand of evildoers + +Here "take the hand" refers to help or support. AT: "God will not support people who do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/21.md b/job/08/21.md index 8fd008e83e..650fd85123 100644 --- a/job/08/21.md +++ b/job/08/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He will yet fill your mouth with laughter, your lips with shouting -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy Job would be if he were innocent. The word "he" refers to God and "your" refers to Job. AT: "God will make you very happy again if you are innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# fill your mouth with laughter -* **He will yet fill your mouth with laughter, your lips with shouting** - Bildad continues speaking to Job. The word "he" refers to God, and "your" refers to Job. The writer conveys a single idea using two different statements to convey the joy that Job will experience. "God will make you happy again." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **your lips with shouting** - The complete meaning of this phrase can be understood from the beginning of the sentence. "God will fill your lips with shouts of joy." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Those who hate you will be clothed with shame; the tent of the wicked will be no more** - "The godless will be filled with shame; the wicked will cease to exist." -* **will be no more** - "will not last" or "will come to nothing" +God causing Job to laugh is spoken of as if God had poured laughter into Job's mouth. AT: "cause you to continually laugh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your lips with shouting + +The verb "fill" is understood from the previous clause. God causing him to shout for joy is spoken of as if God had poured joy into Job's mouth. AT: "God will cause you to shout for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Those who hate you will be clothed with shame + +Here "shame" is spoken of as if it were clothing that God will cause Job's enemies to wear. This means they will be very ashamed. AT: "God will cause those who hate you to be very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the tent of the wicked will be no more + +Here "tent" refers to the homes of the wicked. AT: "the houses of the wicked will be destroyed" + +# will be no more + +"will not last" or "will be destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/intro.md b/job/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..814a1ee3d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bildad's advice ##### +Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/01.md b/job/09/01.md index 871dcb843f..9517647b28 100644 --- a/job/09/01.md +++ b/job/09/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I truly know that this is so -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"I know that what you say is true" -## translationNotes +# this is so -* **I truly know that this is so** - Here the word "this" refers to Bildad's description. -* **But how can a person be in the right with God?** - "How can anyone win an argument with God?" -* **If he wants to argue with God, he cannot answer Him once in a thousand times** - "If anyone wants to argue with God, he would be unable to answer even one of God's questions." -* **to argue** - "to dispute" +Here the word "this" refers to what Bildad said. + +# how can a person be in the right with God? + +"how can anyone be innocent before God?" + +# argue + +"dispute" + +# he cannot answer him once in a thousand times + +"Once in a thousand times" is an idiom that means "at all." Possible meanings are 1) "he cannot give any answer to God" or 2) "God will not answer him at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a thousand times + +"1,000 times" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/04.md b/job/09/04.md index d5ba8bcc7e..c6284d85d7 100644 --- a/job/09/04.md +++ b/job/09/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# wise in heart -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here the heart represents the inner being or thoughts. AT: "wise in what he decides" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# mighty in strength -* **God is wise in heart** - "God is wise at his very core" -* **who has hardened himself against him** - “who has challenged God" -* **he who removes the mountains without warning anyone** - "he removes the mountains" -* **when he overturns them** - "when he overthrows them" -* **he who shakes the earth** - "he shakes the earth" -* **its supports** - "its foundations" +The abstract noun "strength" can be expressed as the adjective "strong." AT: "mighty in how strong he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who has ever hardened himself against him and succeeded? + +This is a rhetorical question that expects an answer of "No one." It can be reworded as a statement. AT: "no one has ever hardened himself against him and succeeded." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# hardened himself against him + +To harden oneself means to be stubborn. AT: "resisted him" or "defied him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# he who removes the mountains + +"God removes the mountains" + +# in his anger + +The abstract noun "anger" can be expressed as the adjective "angry." AT: "because he is angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he who shakes the earth + +"God shakes the earth" + +# sets its supports trembling + +"makes its foundations tremble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/07.md b/job/09/07.md index 217411ebae..aca216873d 100644 --- a/job/09/07.md +++ b/job/09/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# who covers up the stars -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +"who blocks the stars from view" -## translationNotes +# who by himself stretches out the heavens -* **It is the same God who tells the sun not to rise, and it does not** - "It is the same God who commands the sun and could keep it from rising if he wanted to" or "He is the one who speaks to the sun and it does not rise" -* **who covers up the stars** - "who has control over the stars" or "who blocks the stars from view" -* **who by himself stretches out the heavens** - This is a figurative description of how the skies range from one horizon to the other. "who alone stretches out the heavens" -* **who tramples down and subdues the waves of the sea** - This is a reference to the creation story in which God controls the chaotic sea. "who marches on the waves of the sea" or "who calms the waves of the sea" -* **who makes the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades** - These refer to constellations, groups of stars picturing individuals and objects. -* **Orion** - a group of stars picturing a famous hunter in Greek mythology -* **Pleiades** - a group of stars picturing seven sisters +God is spoken of as creating the heavens without any help, as if the heavens were fabric that he stretches out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tramples down the waves of the sea + +God is spoken of as calming the sea as if with his feet. AT: "puts his feet down on the waves of the sea" or "calms the waves of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Bear, Orion, the Pleiades + +These are the names of constellations, which are groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Orion + +a famous hunter in Greek mythology + +# Pleiades + +several bright stars that look like they are close together in the sky + +# constellations + +groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/10.md b/job/09/10.md index 1d3c62a2e5..03a46d3582 100644 --- a/job/09/10.md +++ b/job/09/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using double statements to emphasize that God is great, unseen, and sovereign. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# unsearchable things -* The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using double statements to emphasize that God is mighty, unseen, and beyond grasp. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **It is the same God who does great things, incomprehensible things** - "He does unsearchably great things" or "He does things so great that no one can search them" -* **Indeed, marvelous things without number** - "marvelous things that cannot be counted" -* **he passes on also, but I do not perceive him** - "God moves by, but I do not realize it." -* **If he catches a victim** - "If he tears someone away" or "If he snatches someone away" +"things that cannot be understood" + +# See + +"Look" or "Pay attention" + +# he passes on + +"he passes by" or "he moves on" + +# If he takes something away, who can stop him? Who can say to him, 'What are you doing? + +These are rhetorical questions that expect an answer of "No one." They can be reworded as statements. AT: "If he takes something away, no one can stop him. No one can ask him, 'What are you doing?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If he takes something away + +"If he takes someone away" or "If he wants to snatch something away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/13.md b/job/09/13.md index 478ff001d5..65253f3349 100644 --- a/job/09/13.md +++ b/job/09/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the helpers of Rahab bow beneath him -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "bow beneath him" symbolizes submission or defeat. AT: "he crushes the helpers of Rahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# Rahab -* **the helpers of Rahab** - "Rahab" seems to be a powerful force of evil or a sea creature. -* **How much less could I answer him, could I choose words to reason with him?** - Job poses parallel questions to emphasize his reluctance to confront God. AT: "What could I say to answer or even question him?" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "Rahab" here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# How much less could I answer him, could I choose words to reason with him? + +Job poses two similar questions to emphasize his reluctance to confront God. They can be reworded as a statement. AT: "So I certainly could not answer him or choose words to reason with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/16.md b/job/09/16.md index 963be659dd..93a89c03d0 100644 --- a/job/09/16.md +++ b/job/09/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For he breaks me with a tempest -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Job compares his troubles from God to the effects of a tempest. AT: "He injures me as if with a tempest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# tempest -* **For he breaks me with a tempest** - Job compares his troubles to a tempest or storm or storm wind. Just as a tempest can destroy things and people, the troubles God sends are destroying Job. "He attacks me with a storm" or "He crushes me with a tempest." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and multiples my wounds without cause** - "and gives me many wounds for no reason" -* **He does not even allow me to catch my breath** - "He does not allow me to breathe a breath" or "He does not give me relief from pain" -* **he fills me with bitterness** - "he fills me with misery" +a powerful or violent storm + +# multiplies my wounds + +"gives me many wounds" or "wounds me again and again" + +# without cause + +"even though I have not given him cause to do so" or "even though I am innocent" + +# to regain my breath + +This is an idiom that means "to be able to breathe again" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he fills me with bitterness + +This verse pictures God as filling up Job's life with things that make him bitter. The abstract noun "bitterness" can be expressed as the adjective "bitter." AT: "he fills me up with bitter things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/19.md b/job/09/19.md index 2760624578..a54021f7a2 100644 --- a/job/09/19.md +++ b/job/09/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# If it is a matter of strength -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"If there is a contest of strength" -## translationNotes +# behold -* **why, he is mighty** - "behold, he is powerful" -* **why** - This is used to introduce new information that follows with emphasis. -* **And if we speak of justice** - "and if we speak of acting fairly" -* **‘Who,’ he says, ‘will question me?’** - Job uses this question to emphasize that he has nobody to stand up for him against God. AT: "Nobody will stand up for me." (See: Rhetorical Question) -* **‘Who,’ he says, ‘will question me?’** - "Who shall call an assembly for me?" or "Who will appoint a time for me?" -* **Even if I were righteous** - "Even if I was innocent" -* **my own mouth would condemn me** - Job says that his own efforts to prove his innocence would be acting wrongly before God. AT: "my own words would accuse me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **even if I were perfect** - "even if I was faultless" -* **it would still prove me guilty** - Possible meanings are 1) Job's mouth will declare that Job is wrong or 2) God will declare that Job is wrong AT: "my mouth will say that I am wrong" or "God will say that I am wrong" -* **guilty** - "dishonest" or "crooked" +"look" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# he is mighty + +"he is the strong one" + +# who can summon him? + +This question expects an answer of "No one" to make the point that no one is able to bring God to court. This can be reworded as a statement. AT: "no one can summon him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Though I am in the right, my own mouth would condemn me; and though I am blameless, my words would prove me to be guilty + +This verse expresses the same idea twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Though I am in the right + +Here "I am in the right" means I am the one who has done right things. AT: "Although I have done right things" or "Even though I am innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# my own mouth would condemn me + +Here "mouth" represents Job's words. AT: "my own words would accuse me" or "what I say would condemn me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blameless + +"faultless" + +# my words would prove me to be guilty + +Here "my words" are spoken of as if they could take action. AT: "God would use what I say to prove me guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# guilty + +The word here has the meaning of "twisted" or "crooked." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/21.md b/job/09/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index ab7a7a95d7..0000000000 --- a/job/09/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] - -## translationNotes - -* **I am perfect** - "I am faultless" -* **It makes no difference, which is why I say that he destroys the perfect and the wicked together** - "It makes no difference whether you are good or bad" -* **he destroys the perfect and the wicked together** - "he kills both the good people and the bad people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **If a plague should suddenly kill** - AT: "If an attack should suddenly kill people" -* **plague** - AT: "military attack" or "general disaster" -* **he would laugh at the afflictions of the innocent** - "God would laugh at the troubles of those who have not done anything wrong" -* **The earth is given into the hand of the wicked** - "God gives everybody in the earth into the control of bad people" -* **The earth is given into** - This passive clause can be translated as an active clause: AT: "God gives the earth..." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The earth** - This is a figure of speech where "the earth" is used to mean all the people on earth. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **into the hand of the wicked** - This metonym is used to describe the power of the bad people. "into the control of bad people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **God covers the faces of its judges** - This idiom describes how God is making the judges of the earth blind to the difference between right and wrong. AT: "God makes the judges of the earth blind [to the difference between right and wrong]" -* **If it is not God who has done that, who has done it?** - "If God does not do this, then who does?" diff --git a/job/09/25.md b/job/09/25.md index b69ea4a611..c05f9f4af3 100644 --- a/job/09/25.md +++ b/job/09/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# My days are swifter than a running messenger -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] +Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a fast runner. AT: "My days pass swiftly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# running messenger -* **My days are swifter than a running messenger** - This phrase describes the days as being able to run like a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **running messenger** - "runner" or "running man" -* **my days flee away; they see no good anywhere** - See above. Also, the second part of this clause describes the days as being able to see like a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **they see no good anywhere** - "and nothing good ever happens to me" (UDB) -* **They are as fast as papyrus reed boats** - Job compared the speed of the days passing by to the speed of fast boats. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **They are as fast as** - "They pass quickly by like" -* **papyrus reed boats** - Papyrus reed is a hollow grass that grows along the banks of rivers. "boats made out of reed" -* **and as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim** - "and as the eagle that flies down quickly to catch its food" -* **the eagle** - Possible meanings are 1)eagle or 2) vulture +"runner" or "running man" + +# my days flee away + +This pictures the days of Job's life as being able to run away like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they see no good anywhere + +This pictures the days of Job's life as being able to see like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# no good + +"no good thing" + +# They are as fast as papyrus reed boats + +Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to the speed of fast boats. AT: "They pass quickly by like papyrus reed boats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# papyrus reed boats + +"boats made out of reeds." Papyrus reed is a hollow grass that grows along the banks of rivers. + +# as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim + +Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a large bird diving toward its prey. AT: "as fast as the eagle that flies down quickly to catch its food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# swoops down + +"rushes down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/27.md b/job/09/27.md index 92bf751ff8..fb23049643 100644 --- a/job/09/27.md +++ b/job/09/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I would forget about my complaints -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] +The abstract noun "complaint" can be translated as the verb "complain." AT: "I would stop complaining" or "I would stop complaining against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# my complaints -* **my complaints** - This phrase can be made explicit. "my complaints against God" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I would take off my sad face and be happy** - "I would stop looking unhappy and smile" -* **I would be afraid of all my sorrows** - Possible meanings are 1) Job is referring to his hurts 2) Job is referring to the complaints he has made against God, and is afraid that his complaining means that God will punish him. AT: "I would be scared of my troubles" or "I am scared of the bad things I have said against God" -* **I will be condemned** - "I will be falsely accused and punished" -* **why, then, should I try in vain?** - Job uses this question to emphasize that he does not think it is of any use trying to get God's attention AT: "It is no use working to get God's attention" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The implied information can be added. AT: "my complaints against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I would take off my sad face and be happy + +Job's sad face is spoken of here as if it was something that could be removed. AT: "I would stop looking unhappy and smile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I would be afraid of all my sorrows + +Verses 28 and 29 express the consequences if Job does what he says in verse 27. This can be expressed by adding the word "then." AT: "Then I would be afraid of all my sorrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# of all my sorrows + +The abstract noun "sorrows" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "of everything that hurts me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will be condemned + +"I will be accused and punished." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will condemn me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# why, then, should I try in vain? + +Job uses this question to emphasize that he does not think it is of any use trying to get God's attention. The implied information about what Job is trying can be made explicit. AT: "It is of no use to try to get God's attention." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/30.md b/job/09/30.md index 19fe833f5f..9fca6bf148 100644 --- a/job/09/30.md +++ b/job/09/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# If I washed myself with snow water -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +"If I bathed my body in pure, clean water" -## translationNotes +# snow water -* **If I washed myself with snow water** - "If I bathed in pure, clean water" -* **and made my hands ever so clean** - AT: "and cleaned my hands with soap" -* **would plunge me in a ditch** - "would throw me into a pit" -* **and my own clothes would be disgusted with me** - Job's clothing is being described here with human-like characteristics. AT: "I would be too dirty for my clothing" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +the water that comes from melted snow + +# snow + +white flakes of frozen water that fall from clouds in places where the air temperature is cold + +# made my hands ever so clean + +"made my hands exceedingly clean." Some other versions of the Bible translate this with the meaning of "cleaned my hands with very strong soap." + +# plunge me in a ditch + +"throw me into a pit" + +# my own clothes would be disgusted with me + +Job's clothing is spoken of as if it would have a negative response to Job after God plunged him into a ditch. AT: "I would be too filthy for my own clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/32.md b/job/09/32.md index 5f811cd314..506e4a89a7 100644 --- a/job/09/32.md +++ b/job/09/32.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# answer him -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +The implied information can be added. AT: "answer his charges against me" or "defend myself" or "argue my innocence with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# come together in court -* **For God is not a man, like me** - AT: "God and I are not equals," -* **answer him ** - AT: "defend myself," or "argue my innocence with God," -* **court** - This is a place where people can come and settle any disputes before a judge. -* **There is no judge between us** - AT: "There is no one greater than God who can judge between us" -* **who might lay his hand upon us both** - The words "lay his hand upon" mean "punish" or "destroy." AT: "who might punish us both." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"come together to trial." Here "court" is a place where people can come and a judge will settle disputes. "Coming together in court" is a metonym for going against each other in a court of law. AT: "confront each other before a judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# There is no judge between us + +This means there is no judge who is greater than God who could decide what is right between him and Job. + +# lay his hand upon us both + +Here "lay his hand upon" means having power or authority over. AT: "take hold of both of us" or "have authority over both of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/34.md b/job/09/34.md index 26334560c3..6d037c6f78 100644 --- a/job/09/34.md +++ b/job/09/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +These verses continue the previous argument that no one is greater than God who could act as a judge between God and Job. -## translationNotes +# take God's rod off me -* **There is no other judge** - AT: "There is no one greater than God" or "There is no one who can tell God what to do" -* **God's rod** - This refers to punishment or correction given by God. AT: "punishment from God" or "God's discipline" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his terror** - This is a reference to the terrible suffering and dread that Job has felt so far. -* **Then would I speak up** - AT: "Then I would defend myself" or "Then I would say that I am innocent" -* **as things are now** - AT: "because these things are true," or "because this is my situation," +Here "God's rod" is a metonym for God punishing or correcting Job. AT: "stop God from punishing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# keep his terror from frightening me + +The abstract noun "terror" can be translated as the verb "terrify." AT: "keep him from terrifying and frightening me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then would I speak up + +"Then I would speak" + +# as things are now + +"because this is how things are now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/intro.md b/job/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0db7827906 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Job 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== Job's righteousness and Yahweh's power== +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express himself or to describe Yahweh's power. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Bildad that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/01.md b/job/10/01.md index 0c299b4205..8e65621723 100644 --- a/job/10/01.md +++ b/job/10/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I am weary of my life -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"I am tired of living" -## translationNotes +# I will give free expression to my complaint -* **I am weary of my life** - AT: "I am tired of living;" or "I hate my life;" -* **I will give free expression of my complaint** - AT: "I will not hold back my complaint any longer;" or "I will tell God exactly how I feel he has wronged me;" -* **I will speak in the bitterness of my soul** - AT: "I will speak out of the agony that I feel," or "I will speak because of the pain I have felt." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Is it good to you that you should oppress me, to despise the work of your hands** - This question expects a "no" answer and can be changed into a statement. AT: "It is not good that you should oppress me, that you should reject the work of your hands!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **while you smile on the plans of the wicked?** - The second part of the previous question can also be changed into a statement. AT: "... while you smile on the plans of the wicked." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The abstract nouns "expression" and "complaint" can be translated as the verbs "express" and "complain." AT: "I will freely express what I have to complain about" or "I will argue freely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will speak in the bitterness of my soul + +How Job feels is compared to a bitter taste. The abstract noun "bitterness" can be translated as the adverb "bitterly." AT: "My inner being will speak bitterly" or "I will bitterly speak out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Is it good to you that you should oppress me, to despise the work of your hands while you smile on the plans of the wicked? + +This question expects a "no" answer and can be changed into a statement. AT: "It is not good that you should oppress me, that you should despise the work of your hands, while you smile on the plans of the wicked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the work of your hands + +Here God is represented by his "hands." AT: "what you have created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# smile on the plans of the wicked + +Here the idiom "smiling on" represents God's approval. AT: "approve the plans of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/04.md b/job/10/04.md index d6f04fab03..d91d8dfc07 100644 --- a/job/10/04.md +++ b/job/10/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see like a man sees? -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:inquire]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +These two questions have nearly the same meaning. These questions expect a negative answer to emphasize that God does not see or understand things the same way a man does. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "You do not have eyes of flesh, and you do not see like a man sees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Are your days like the days of mankind or your years like the years of people ... and there is no one who can rescue me from your hand? -* **Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see like a man sees?** - Job says the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Do you have eyes of flesh?** - AT: "You do not have eyes like a man." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do you see like a man sees?** - AT: "Your understanding is greater than our own." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are your days like the days of mankind ... your years like the years of people** - Both of these lines have the same meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **that you inquire after my iniquity ... search after my sin** - Both of these lines have the same meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **from your hand** - AT: "from your power." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This question expects a negative answer to emphasize that God is eternal and man's days are limited. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Your days are not like the days of mankind and your years are not like the years of people ... and there is no one who can rescue me from your hand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your days like the days of mankind ... your years like the years of people + +These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your days + +"the number of your days" + +# your years + +"the number of your years" + +# inquire after my iniquity ... search after my sin + +These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# inquire after + +"seek after" + +# from your hand + +Here "your hand" represents God's power. AT: "from your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/08.md b/job/10/08.md index 4d19d7f4c2..3931ecc6ea 100644 --- a/job/10/08.md +++ b/job/10/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Your hands -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] +Here "hands" represent God and his creative action. AT: "You" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Your hands have framed and fashioned me together round about -* Job is using an extended metaphor of a potter forming clay to describe his relationship with God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Your hands** - AT: "You" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **framed and fashioned** - These two words are being used together to express one idea. AT: "created me and shaped my body," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **will you bring me into dust again?** - AT: "will you turn me back into dust again?" +Job is using a metaphor of a potter forming clay to describe how God carefully created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# framed and fashioned me + +"shaped and formed me." The words "framed" and "fashioned" are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Call to mind + +"Remember" + +# bring me into dust again + +"turn me back into dust again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/10.md b/job/10/10.md index 70139a1c1f..4b2611d625 100644 --- a/job/10/10.md +++ b/job/10/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:clothed|clothe, clothed]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] +In these verses, Job uses the language of poetry to describe how God formed him in the womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## translationNotes +# Have you not poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese? -* **Have you not poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese?** - This is a question that expects a positive answer. It describes a baby being formed in the womb. AT: "You formed me in the womb just as poured milk becomes cheese." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **You** - This word refers to God. -* **me** - This word refers to Job. -* **You have clothed me with skin and flesh** - Job uses the language of poetry to further describe how God has created him. AT: "You created my physical body" -* **knit me together** - AT: "wove me together" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **sinews** - This word refers to the ligaments or bands that hold the bones together. +This is a question that expects a positive answer. AT: "You poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese." or "You formed me in the womb like poured milk becomes cheese." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you + +Here "you" refers to God. + +# me + +Here "me" refers to Job. + +# You have clothed me with skin and flesh + +God putting skin and flesh on Job's body is spoken of as if God was putting clothing on him. AT: "You have put skin and flesh on my body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# knit me together + +"wove me together." God putting Job's body together in the womb is spoken of as if God was knitting or weaving a piece of cloth. AT: "put me together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sinews + +"tendons." These are the parts of the body that connect muscles to bones or other body parts and are like tough, white bands or cords. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/12.md b/job/10/12.md index e795135b1b..df4c8d8681 100644 --- a/job/10/12.md +++ b/job/10/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You have granted me life and covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:acquit]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +The abstract nouns "life" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "live" and "faithful." AT: "You have been faithful to your covenant and allowed me to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# your help -* **covenant faithfulness** - "love that never ends;" -* **your help** - "your care" -* **you hid in your heart** - "you kept this a secret" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **that if I sinned, you would notice it** - "if I sinned, you would see it;" -* **you would not acquit me of my iniquity** - "you would not allow me to go unpunished." or "you would not overlook my sin." +"your care" + +# guarded my spirit + +Here Job is represented by his "spirit." AT: "guarded me" or "watched carefully over me" or "kept me safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# these things you hid in your heart + +Here "these things" refer to the things spoken of in the verses that follow. + +# these things you hid in your heart + +Here "you hid in your heart" means God kept them secret or hidden. AT: "these things you kept secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you would notice it + +"you would watch me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/15.md b/job/10/15.md index c36011e1c3..53738b7c65 100644 --- a/job/10/15.md +++ b/job/10/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# If I am wicked -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +"If I am guilty" or "If I do evil things" -## translationNotes +# woe to me -* **if I am wicked** - "if I am guilty" or "if I do evil" -* **even if I were righteous** - "if I am innocent" -* **I could not lift up my head** - "I still must bow my head and feel ashamed" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **since I am filled with disgrace** - The word "disgrace" refers to Job's shame. AT: "Since I am ashamed" -* **and am looking at my own suffering** - AT: "and feel miserable." (UDB) -* **if my head lifts itself, you hunt me down like a lion** - AT: "if I become proud, you hunt me like a lion hunts its prey;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **show yourself powerful** - "show your marvelous power" +"how terrible will it be for me" + +# even if I were righteous + +"even if I always did things rightly" + +# lift up my head + +This idiom means to be sure or confident. AT: "hold my head up" or "be confident" or "be sure about myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am filled with disgrace + +The abstract noun "disgrace" can be translated using the adjective "disgraced." AT: "I am filled up with being disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# disgrace + +"shame" + +# am looking at my own suffering + +The abstract noun "suffering" can be translated using the verb "suffer." AT: "am looking at how I suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# and am looking + +The understood subject may be supplied. AT: "and I am looking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# If my head lifts itself + +This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. AT: "If I become proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# you hunt me down like a lion + +Possible meanings of this simile are 1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or 2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# once again you show yourself powerful to me + +This phrase expresses irony in how God's marvelous power is displayed in how he goes against Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/17.md b/job/10/17.md index 1e6282c264..7f2744fac1 100644 --- a/job/10/17.md +++ b/job/10/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You bring new witnesses against me -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +Job's troubles from God are spoken of as if they were people who were witnesses against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# increase your anger against me -* **bring new witnesses** - AT: "keep on bringing more people to say that I have done something wrong" -* **you attack me with fresh armies** - AT: I feel like I am always being attacked by fresh armies." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "anger" can be translated as the adjective "angry." AT: "are more and more angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you attack me with fresh armies + +God sending troubles against Job is spoken of as if God was constantly sending new armies against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/18.md b/job/10/18.md index dd4e865f0f..f47ad6f083 100644 --- a/job/10/18.md +++ b/job/10/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# brought me out of the womb -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Here being brought out of the womb represents being born into this world. AT: "brought me out of my mother's womb" or "brought me into this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# given up my spirit -* **Why then have you brought me out of the womb?** - AT: "You should not have allowed me to be born!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I wish I had given up my spirit** - AT: "I wish that I had died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **that no eye had seen me** - Job uses "eye" here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Giving up one's spirit represents dying. AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and that no eye had ever seen me + +Job uses "eye" here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. AT: "before any person had ever seen me" or "before I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# existed + +"lived" + +# I would have been carried + +"My body would have been carried" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/20.md b/job/10/20.md index 30c22fffcd..acee89e6d7 100644 --- a/job/10/20.md +++ b/job/10/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Are not my days only a few? -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +Here "my days" represent the length of Job's life. This question expects a positive answer, to emphasize that Job only expects to live a few more days. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I only have a few days left to live." or "My life will soon end." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the land -* **Are not my days only a few** - AT: "I only have a few days left to live." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **before I go from where I will not return** - AT: "before I die," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **to the land of darkness ... of the shadow of death** - These two phrases have the same meaning. AT: "to the land of deep darkness," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **land that is as dark as midnight** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **without any order** - AT: "full of confusion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **where the light is like midnight** - AT: "where even light shines like darkness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here the place where the spirits of dead people go is spoken of as if it was a land. AT: "the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of darkness and of the shadow of death + +The phrase "shadow of death" intensifies the idea of "darkness." Both phrases describe where the spirits of dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the shadow of death + +See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/04.md). + +# as dark as midnight + +The darkness of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to the darkness of midnight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# without any order + +This negative phrase can be expressed in positive form. AT: "full of confusion" or "where all is confused" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# where the light is like midnight + +The light of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to midnight. AT: "where there is no light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/intro.md b/job/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a186211a2d --- /dev/null +++ b/job/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/01.md b/job/11/01.md index 66b182880a..a94182f6b5 100644 --- a/job/11/01.md +++ b/job/11/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Zophar the Naamathite -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "Zophar from the region of Naamah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Should not such a multitude of words be answered? -* **Zophar … Naamathite** - AT:"Zophar from the region of Naamah" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Should not a multitude of words be answered** - Zophar is asking a question in the negative to emphasize that Job's words must be challenged. AT "We must answer these words!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Should this man, so full of talk, be believed?** - AT "Your many words alone do not mean you are innocent." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Should your boasting make others remain silent?** - AT "Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **When you mock our teaching, will no one make you feel ashamed?** - AT "You have mocked our teaching. Now we will make you feel ashamed!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Zophar is asking a question in the negative to emphasize that Job's words must be challenged. AT: "We must answer all of these words!" or "Someone should respond to all these words!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Should this man, so full of talk, be believed? + +Zophar uses this question to emphasize that they should not believe what Job was saying. AT: "This man is so full of talk, but the people should not believe him!" or "Your many words alone do not mean you are innocent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Should your boasting make others remain silent? + +Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. AT: "Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# When you mock our teaching, will no one make you feel ashamed? + +Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. AT: "You have mocked our teaching. Now we will make you feel ashamed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/04.md b/job/11/04.md index f1a2ff06c6..c8fc0bded9 100644 --- a/job/11/04.md +++ b/job/11/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My beliefs are pure -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"My understanding is correct" -## translationNotes +# I am blameless in your eyes -* **My beliefs are pure** - "My understanding is correct," -* **I am blameless in your eyes** - "God knows I am innocent." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that God would speak ... open his lips** - The words "open his lips" mean to speak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **that he would show ... secrets of wisdom** - AT: "that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **God demands ... less than your iniquity deserves** - AT: "God is punishing you less than you deserve." +The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God's evaluation of Job. Possible meanings are 1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. AT: "You say that I am blameless" or 2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. AT: "You should recognize that I am blameless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that God would speak ... open his lips against you + +The words "open his lips" are a metonym that means speak. These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize Zophar's desire that God would speak harshly against Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# that he would show ... secrets of wisdom + +What the "secrets of wisdom" are can be stated clearly. AT: "that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# God demands from you less than your iniquity deserves + +Demanding from Job represents punishing Job. AT: "God is punishing you less than you deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/07.md b/job/11/07.md index 24625f0194..996142e7b3 100644 --- a/job/11/07.md +++ b/job/11/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Can you understand God by searching for him? Can you comprehend the Almighty perfectly? -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +These two parallel questions are asking the same thing. The writer uses the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You cannot understand God by searching for him, and you will never completely understand the Almighty!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# The matter -* **Can you understand God by searching for him** - These two parallel questions are asking the same thing. The writer uses the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You cannot understand God by searching for him!" and AT: "You will never have a complete understanding of the Almighty!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The matter** - AT: "To know God fully" -* **high as heaven ... deeper than Sheol ... longer than the earth ... wider than the sea** - These parallel clauses compare the greatness of God with concepts or ideas that are already familiar to the reader. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **What can you do** - AT: "You cannot understand it fully." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What can you know** - AT: "You cannot know all there is to know." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **its measure** - AT: "What there is to know about God" +This refers to understanding God. AT: "To understand God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# is as high as heaven ... deeper than Sheol + +The impossibility of understanding God is spoken of as if it were impossible to go to these extremely far away places. AT: "is as inaccessible as the highest places in heaven ... is more inaccessible than the deepest places in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# what can you do? + +Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to understand God fully. AT: "you cannot do anything." or "you cannot understand him fully." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what can you know? + +Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to know God fully. AT: "you cannot know God fully." or "you cannot know all there is to know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Its measure + +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) God's greatness or 2) the greatness of God's wisdom. + +# is longer than the earth ... wider than the sea + +God's greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/10.md b/job/11/10.md index 6c0749e649..1d3dc94623 100644 --- a/job/11/10.md +++ b/job/11/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# If he ... shuts anyone up -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +"If God ... shuts anyone up in prison" -## translationNotes +# if he calls anyone to judgment -* **shuts anyone up** - AT: "puts anyone into prison," -* **who can stop him** - AT: "No one can stop him!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **does he not notice it** - AT: "He surely notices it!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man** - This is way of saying that the people will never understand. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated with the verb "judge." AT: "if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who can stop him? + +This question emphasizes that no one can stop God. AT: "no one can stop him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# does he not notice it? + +This emphasizes that God does notice sin. AT: "he surely notices it!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But foolish people have no understanding + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the verb "understand." AT: "But foolish people do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man + +Since a wild donkey can never give birth to a man, this means that foolish people will never get understanding. AT: "only if a wild donkey could give birth to a man could foolish people get understanding" or "it is as impossible for a foolish person to get understanding as it is for a donkey to give birth to a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/13.md b/job/11/13.md index 69c7a48fdd..4fe2d23e8e 100644 --- a/job/11/13.md +++ b/job/11/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# suppose that you had set your heart right -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +The heart represents thoughts and attitudes. Setting it right represents correcting it. AT: "even if you had corrected your attitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# had reached out with your hands toward God -* **Suppose you had set your heart right** - AT: "Even if you had stopped sinning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and had reached out with your hands toward God** - AT: "and had made an appeal and prayed to God" -* **suppose that iniquity were in your hand** - AT: "even if you had done some evil things in the past" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but then you put it far away from you** - "you stopped doing evil things." -* **did not let unrighteousness live in your tent** - AT: "and you did not allow the members of your household to sin." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This is a symbolic action representing asking God for help. AT: "had made an appeal and prayed to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# suppose that iniquity were in your hand + +The hand represents what a person does. AT: "even if you had done some evil things in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but that then you put it far away from you + +Putting sin behind represents stopping sinning. AT: "but that then you stopped doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not let unrighteousness live in your tents + +Unrighteousness living represents people doing unrighteous things. AT: "and you did not allow the members of your household to do unrighteous things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/15.md b/job/11/15.md index ae44eea929..a494986c2b 100644 --- a/job/11/15.md +++ b/job/11/15.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# lift up your face without a sign of shame -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +"Lifting up your face" represents the attitude of a person who is confident and brave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# you would remember it only like waters that have flowed away -* **lift up your face without a sign of shame** - "Lifting up your face" represents the attitude of a person who is confident and brave. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **like waters that have flowed away** - Zophar is comparing memories of evil with water that flows downstream and it is gone. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Your life would ... like the morning.** - Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Your life would be brighter than noonday** - Zophar compares a happy and prosperous life with the brightest light of the day __//IF//__ Job would do what Zophar tells him to do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **though there were darkness, it would become...** - Zophar describes the possibility of life becoming happy and prosperous. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +Zophar is comparing misery with water that flows downstream and it is gone. AT: "You would remember it, but the misery will be gone, like waters that have flowed away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Your life would ... like the morning. + +Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Your life would be brighter than the noonday + +Brightness represents being prosperous and happy. AT: "Your life would be prosperous and happy like the noonday" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# though there were darkness + +Darkness represents troubles and sadness. AT: "Though there were dark troubles and sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# it would become like the morning + +The morning represents light, which represents prosperity and happiness. AT: "it would be prosperous and happy like the morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/18.md b/job/11/18.md index bf661683ea..0ed5b5ae5e 100644 --- a/job/11/18.md +++ b/job/11/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You would be secure ... take your rest in safety -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] +Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# would take your rest in safety -* **You would be secure...take your rest in safety.** - Zophar repeats the same idea in two statements for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Also, you would lie down in rest...your favor.** - Zophar repeats the same idea in two statements for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +"Take your rest" is an idiom for "rest." The phrase "in safety" can be expressed with the word "safely." AT: "would rest safely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Also you would lie down in rest ... your favor. + +Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# you would lie down in rest + +The abstract noun "rest" can be expressed with the verb "rest." AT: "you would lie down and rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/20.md b/job/11/20.md index 60daf309bd..a78d85932c 100644 --- a/job/11/20.md +++ b/job/11/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the eyes of wicked people will fail -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the eyes of the wicked** - Zophar compares one part (eyes) to the understanding a person has. AT: "the understanding of the wicked" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **a last gasp of life** - AT: "their final breath of life" "stop trying and die" This phrase means to resign and give up, especially the "spirit" or breath of life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Their eyes represent their understanding. AT: "the understanding of the wicked people will fail" or "the wicked people will not be able to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/intro.md b/job/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0a8b934b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Job 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Zophar's advice ##### + +Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He even questions the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +Zophar uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Zophar's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/01.md b/job/12/01.md index 6d94cc38e3..ffd00fcb2c 100644 --- a/job/12/01.md +++ b/job/12/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. AT: "Surely you are such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you" or "You all act like you are the only wise people and that when you die, wisdom will disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# No doubt -* **No doubt** - "Surely," -* **you are the people** - "you are the important people who know everything" -* **No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you.** - In this figure of speech, Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]). “Surely you are all such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you." AT: "You are all acting like you are the only source of wisdom and without you wisdom would disappear." -* **You** - this is plural in these next two sentences. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) -* **Indeed, who does not know such things as these?** - "In fact, everyone understands these things." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"Surely" + +# you + +This is plural in verses 2 and 3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you are the people + +"you are the important people who know everything" + +# Indeed, who does not know such things as these? + +Job used this question to express a truth that should be obvious to his listeners. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Certainly there is no one who does not know such things as these." or "Certainly everyone knows these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/04.md b/job/12/04.md index beb91e81a7..572b9e25b2 100644 --- a/job/12/04.md +++ b/job/12/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—I, one who called on God and who was answered by him! -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:contempt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words "even though." AT: "I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—even though I am one who called on God and he answered me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## translationNotes +# I, a just and blameless man—I am now something to laugh at -* **I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—I, one who called on God and who was answered by him! I, a just and perfect man—I am now something to laugh at** - Two statements convey one idea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **he thinks in a way that brings more misfortune to those whose foot is slipping.** - AT: "His way of thinking brings more trouble to those who are already in trouble." -* **foot is slipping** - The foot represents the whole person who is already starting to have trouble come to him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **The tents of robbers prosper, / and those who provoke God feel secure; / -* This is a parallelism that has 3 (instead of 2) different statements that state a single idea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) AT: "The tents of robbers swell with goods so that these people feel secure even while offending God. Their own abilities become their source of strength." -* **their own hands** - "Hands" represents the abilities of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words "even though." AT: "Even though I am a just and blameless man, people now laugh at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# In the thought of someone who is at ease, there is contempt for misfortune + +The abstract nouns "thought," "ease," "contempt," and "misfortune" can be expressed with other phrases. AT: "A person who lives an easy life despises a person who suffers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# brings more misfortune + +Bringing misfortune represents causing it to happen. AT: "causes more bad things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to those whose foot is slipping + +The foot slipping represents being in danger or trouble. AT: "to those who are already in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The tents of robbers prosper + +Their tents prospering represents the robbers prospering in their tents. AT: "Robbers live in prosperity in their own tents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their own hands are their gods + +Here "their own hands" is a metonym for strength, and "their gods" is a metaphor for their pride. AT: "they are extremely proud of their own abilities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/07.md b/job/12/07.md index f3c04f0854..71e9dba9cb 100644 --- a/job/12/07.md +++ b/job/12/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But now ask ... will declare to you -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +These 4 statements all express the idea that the beasts, the birds, the earth, and the fish understand God better than Job's friends do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# you -* **But now ask ... will declare to you.** - These 4 statements in both verses all express one idea. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This is plural in verses 7 and 8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# But now ask the beasts, and they will teach you + +The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. AT: "But if you were to ask the beasts, they would teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# ask the birds of the heavens, and they will tell you + +The command in the first sentence expresses the idea of "if." AT: if you were to ask the birds of the heavens, they would tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# Or speak to the earth, and it will teach you + +The command in the first sentence expresses the idea of "if.". AT: "Or if you were to speak to the earth, it would teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# the fish of the sea will declare to you + +The command "Ask the fish of the sea" is understood from the previous sentences. It functions as a hypothetical condition. AT: "and if you were to ask the fish of the sea, they would declare to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/09.md b/job/12/09.md index 705c497465..a47c5c1b40 100644 --- a/job/12/09.md +++ b/job/12/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Which animal among all these does not know ... this? -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This question emphasizes the point that all the animals know that Yahweh has done this. This question can be worded as a statement. AT: "Every animal among all these knows ... this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the hand of Yahweh has done this -* **Which animal among all these does not know** - This is a figure of speech that does not expect an answer, but states the question to emphasize the point. It means, "Every animal knows that... " (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Yahweh, in whose hand is the life of every living thing -* This figure of speech uses two similar statements to emphasize the idea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Yahweh's hand represents his power. AT: "Yahweh has done this by his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In his hand is the life ... and the breath of all mankind + +Yahweh's hand represents his control or power. AT: "God controls the life of every living thing and gives breath to all mankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the breath of all mankind + +Here "breath" represents life or the ability to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/11.md b/job/12/11.md index ffe95e3d36..b1a8fb7862 100644 --- a/job/12/11.md +++ b/job/12/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Does not the ear test words just as the palate tastes its food? -* [[en:tw:age]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Job uses this question to emphasize that people listen to what others say and judge whether it is good or not. The ear and palate are metonyms for hearing and tasting. AT: "We hear what people say and test it just as we taste food and test it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# With aged men is wisdom -* **Does not the ear test words / just as the palate tastes its food?** - Job compares ears that evaluate words to the mouth that tests food. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) This is a question that does not expect an answer for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) AT: "The ear studies words just as the mouth tests food." -* **With aged men is wisdom; / in length of days is understanding.** - This uses similar to say almost the same thing for emphasis. (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) AT: "Wisdom and understanding come when men grow old and have many days." +"Aged men have wisdom." The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with "wise." The word "men" refers to people in general. AT: "Old people are wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# in length of days is understanding + +This represents people gaining understanding when they live a long time. The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the phrase "understand much." AT: "people gain understanding when they live a long time" or "people who live a long time understand much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/13.md b/job/12/13.md index d28fe7bb43..e4225e0e4f 100644 --- a/job/12/13.md +++ b/job/12/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Verse 13 says that God is wise and mighty. The rest of this chapter shows that this is true by telling about the wise and mighty things that God does. -## translationNotes +# With God are wisdom and might -* **he has good thoughts** - AT: "he has good advice" -* **See** - "Behold" This word marks where Job wants the listener to pay special attention. -* **it cannot be built again** - AT: "no one can rebuild it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **if he imprisons someone, there can be no release** - Job says that no one can free a person if God does not allow. AT: "if God shuts someone in, no one can release that person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **if he withholds the waters, they dry up** - Whatever kind of water, whether rain, flood, rivers or wells will stop when God wants. AT: "If he blocks up the places where water comes from, they dry up" -* **and if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land"** - Here Job is again saying that God can control the waters to overflowing. AT: "and if he makes them flow out, they flood the land" +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "might" can be expressed with the adjectives "wise" and "mighty." AT: "God is wise and mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# See + +"Pay attention" This word marks where Job wants the listener to pay special attention. + +# it cannot be built again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can rebuild it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if he imprisons someone, there can be no release + +The abstract noun "release" can be expressed with the verb "free." AT: "if God shuts someone in, no one can free him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if he withholds the waters, they dry up + +Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents 1) preventing the rain from falling. AT: "if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up" or 2) preventing running water from flowing. AT: "if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land + +Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning 1) causing the rain to fall. AT: "if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land" or 2) causing the waters to flow. AT: "if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/16.md b/job/12/16.md index 94b54fdba9..455047bcd3 100644 --- a/job/12/16.md +++ b/job/12/16.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# With him are strength and wisdom -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The abstract nouns "strength" and "wisdom" can be expressed with the words "strong" and "wise." AT: "God is strong and wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power -* **With him are strength and wisdom** - "God is strong and wise" -* **the deceived and the deceiver are both in his power** - AT: "God controls both the person who is cheated and the person who misleads." -* **He leads counselors away barefoot in sorrow** - "He makes advisers feel sad and ashamed." -* **barefoot in sorrow** - This may refer the advisers being stripped of their glorious clothing and made to feel ashamed like a poor person with no shoes. -* **he turns judges into fools** - "he takes wisdom away from those who are in charge in a law court" -* **judge** - "the person who is in charge in a court of law and who makes the decisions about court cases" -* **He takes off the chain of authority from kings; he wraps a cloth about their waists** - God removes a symbol of power and replaces it with a common person's clothing. God dismisses a king from his elevated place. -* **He takes off the chain of authority from kings** - AT: "He takes off the royal belt from rulers" -* **he wraps a cloth about their waists** - AT: "he puts a plain belt on them" +Being in God's power represents God ruling over them. AT: "people who believe a lie and people who lie to others are both in his power" or "God rules over both people who believe lies and people who lie to others" + +# He leads counselors away barefoot + +Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in sorrow + +The abstract noun "sorrow" can be expressed with the words "sad" or "grieve" AT: "and they feel very sad" or "and they grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he turns judges into fools + +"he makes judges become foolish" + +# He takes off the chain of authority from kings + +Possible meanings are that 1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. AT: "He takes away the authority of kings" or 2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. AT: "He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he wraps a cloth about their waists + +This cloth is probably what a slave wears. To put these cloths on kings represents making the kings slaves. AT: "he makes kings wear the clothing of slaves" or "he makes them slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/19.md b/job/12/19.md index 9d81ce3d49..9df0590815 100644 --- a/job/12/19.md +++ b/job/12/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# He leads priests away barefoot -* [[en:tw:contempt]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in sorrow -* **He leads priests away barefoot in sorrow** - "He makes those who lead the religion sad and ashamed because he has removed their robes" -* **barefoot in sorrow** - See how you translated this in 12:17 -* **and overthrows the mighty** - "and defeats the powerful" -* **He removes the speech of the trustworthy** - "He silences those who are dependable" -* **and takes away the understanding of the elders** - "and makes older people lack in knowledge" -* **He pours contempt upon princes** - God can dishonor rulers by pouring the dishonor like liquid upon them. AT: "He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and unfastens the belt of the strong** - God can make someone weak by removing the symbol of their strength like removing a belt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "sorrow" can be expressed with the words "sad" or "grieve" AT: "and they feel sad" or "and they grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# overthrows mighty people + +"defeats powerful people" + +# He removes the speech of those who had been trusted + +Removing their speech represents making them unable to speak. AT: "He makes those who were trusted unable to speak" or "He silences people whom others trusted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# takes away the understanding of the elders + +Taking away their understanding represents making them unable to understand or make good decisions. AT: "makes the elders unable to understand" or "makes the elders unable to make good decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the elders + +Possible meanings are 1) the older people or 2) the leaders. + +# He pours contempt upon princes + +Pouring contempt on princes is a metaphor for causing people to feel contempt for them. AT: "He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unfastens the belt of strong people + +The belt is a symbol of strength. Unfastening a strong person's belt represents taking away his strength and making him weak. AT: "makes the strong people weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/22.md b/job/12/22.md index 4ffa254989..8589b51ed5 100644 --- a/job/12/22.md +++ b/job/12/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He reveals deep things from darkness -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +Revealing things represents making them known. "Deep things from darkness" represent secrets that people do not know. AT: "He makes known secrets that people do not know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# brings out to light the shadows where dead people are -* **He reveals deep things from darkness** - "He shows us deep places from darkness" -* **and brings out to light the shadows where the dead are** - "and makes shadows deep as death clear to see" -* **He makes nations strong** - "he makes people groups strong" -* **and he also destroys them** - "and he also wipes them out" -* **He enlarges nations** - "He causes the extent of the land of people groups to become bigger" -* **and he also leads them along as prisoners** - AT: "and he also leads them along" +Bringing things out into the light represents making them known. AT: "brings out into the light the shadows where dead people are" or "makes known the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He enlarges nations + +"He makes nations larger" or "He makes nations have more land" + +# he also leads them along as prisoners + +God leading nations represents God causing enemy nations to lead them. The word "them" represents nations, which here represents the people of those nations. AT: "he also causes their enemies to lead them along as prisoners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/24.md b/job/12/24.md index 1e3f9dd68f..4b7003a08f 100644 --- a/job/12/24.md +++ b/job/12/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He takes away understanding from the leaders of the people of the earth -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +Taking away their understanding represents causing them to be unable to understand. AT: "He causes the leaders of the people of the earth to be unable to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to wander in a wilderness where there is no path -* **He takes away understanding from the leaders of the people of the earth** - "He causes some rulers to become foolish" (UDB) -* **he causes them to wander** - "he causes them to go in the wrong direction" or "he causes them to go astray" -* **in a wilderness where there is no path** - "in a wasteland with no paths" or "in an unmarked wasteland" -* **They grope in the dark without light** - "AT: They feel around like a blind man" or "They try to find their way like a blind man" -* **he makes them stagger like a drunk man** - "he makes them wander and wobble like a person who has had too much alcohol." Job compared the actions of the leaders to a person's attempts to walk while under the influence of alcohol - both lack direction and purpose. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Wandering in a wilderness where there is no path represents being in a difficult situation and not knowing what to do. AT: "to be unsure of what to do like a person wandering in a wasteland with no path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They grope in the dark without light + +Being in the dark without light represents lacking knowledge. AT: "They struggle to make decisions without knowledge as people struggle to walk in the dark without light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he makes them stagger like a drunk man + +Staggering or wandering like a drunk man represents living without purpose. AT: "he makes them live without purpose like a drunk person who staggers as he walks" or "they wander aimlessly like a drunk person who staggers back and forth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/intro.md b/job/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5f5b44984 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Job 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/01.md b/job/13/01.md index cf18056799..ef68d4d6f5 100644 --- a/job/13/01.md +++ b/job/13/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:know]] +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## translationNotes +# See -* **See** - "Behold," "Pay special attention." This word marks where Job wants the three friends to listen carefully. -* **my eye has seen all this** - "I have seen everything that you have seen." Job referred to himself by his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw what the others had seen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **My ear has heard and understood it** - "I have heard and understood all that you have said." Job referred to himself by his ear since it is with his ears that he heard what the others had heard. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **What you know, the same I also know** - "What you know, I also know" (UDB) or "I know as much as you" -* **I am not inferior to you** - AT: "I do not know less than you" (UDB) +"Pay attention" or "Listen." This word marks where Job wants the three friends to listen carefully. + +# my eye has seen all this + +Job referred to himself as his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw these things. AT: "I have seen all this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my ear has heard and understood it + +Job referred to himself as his ear since it is with his ears that he heard these things. AT: "I have heard and understood it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# What you know, the same I also know + +"What you know, I also know" or "I know as much as you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/03.md b/job/13/03.md index a5bd6c19f7..4464572c4e 100644 --- a/job/13/03.md +++ b/job/13/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:almighty|Almighty]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## translationNotes +# I wish to reason with God -* **I wish to reason with God** - Job's friends are judging and not honest. Job would rather argue with God alone about his complaint. -* **whitewash the truth** - This means to paint over a wall to cover the dirt instead of cleaning it. AT: "cover up the truth with false judgments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **physicians of no value** - Their effort to heal with counsel was false, deceitful, and wrong. Physicians represent the friends who try to make healing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **hold your peace** - This expression means "be silent". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **be your wisdom** - By being silent they would not say more foolish talk and would be wiser in their silence. +Job's friends are judging him, but they not speaking the truth. Job would rather argue with God alone about his complaint. + +# you whitewash the truth with lies + +Putting whitewash or plaster on the truth represents ignoring the truth. AT: "you hide the truth with lies" or "you lie and ignore the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are all physicians of no value + +Being a physician represents being a person who comforts others. Being of no value means that they do not know how to do what they should. AT: "you are all like physicians who do not know how to heal people" or "you all come to comfort me, but you do not know how, like unskilled physicians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hold your peace + +This expression means "be quiet" or "stop talking." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# That would be your wisdom + +They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with the word "wise." AT: "If you were to do that, you would be wise" or "If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/06.md b/job/13/06.md index cb1ecab8b4..ab91ac2224 100644 --- a/job/13/06.md +++ b/job/13/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous|unrighteous, unrighteousness]] +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## translationNotes +# listen to the pleading of my own lips -* **my own lips** - "Lips" represent the whole person who is speaking. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Will you speak unrighteously ... deceitfully for him?** - Job asks these questions for emphasis and then twice for more emphasis. He also mocks them by these questions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **Would you really ... as attorneys for God?** - Job asks these questions for emphasis and then twice for more emphasis. He also mocks them by these questions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +Here "lips" represent the person who is speaking. AT: "listen to what I myself plead for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Will you speak unrighteously ... deceitfully for him? + +Job uses these two questions to rebuke his friends for speaking unrighteously. AT: "You think that you are speaking for God, but you are speaking unrighteously. You are speaking deceitfully." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# talk deceitfully + +"lie" or "tell lies" + +# Would you really show ... as attorneys for God? + +Showing kindness to God represents helping God or defending God against Job's complaints. Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for thinking that they can defend God. AT: "You think that you can defend God. You think that you can argue for God like attorneys in court." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/09.md b/job/13/09.md index 77e96bc383..a7aceba1f5 100644 --- a/job/13/09.md +++ b/job/13/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## translationNotes +# Would it really be good for you when he searches you out? -* **he as judge** - "He" is God who is the judge. -* **or like someone...him in court?** - or like someone...him in court? Job compares one person tricking another person to his friends giving a false account to God about God himself. He asks this as a question to give emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **secretly showed favoritism to him** - AT: "God will surely scold you for your behavior if you try to show him secret favors." +Here "searches you out" is a metaphor meaning "examines you." Job uses this question to warn his friends that if God were to examine them, he would say that what they are doing is wrong. AT: "If God were to examine you, it would not be good for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Could you deceive him as you might deceive men? + +Job uses this question to warn his friends that God knows the truth about them. AT: "You might be able to deceive men, but you cannot deceive God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# reprove you + +"rebuke you" + +# if in secret you showed partiality + +"if you secretly show favor to another." Showing partiality refers to saying only good things about someone so that the judge will say that the person is good. Doing this in secret means pretending to speak fairly, but really favoring one person over another. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/11.md b/job/13/11.md index d86f62b02c..cc9d74160a 100644 --- a/job/13/11.md +++ b/job/13/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## translationNotes +# Would not his majesty make you afraid? Would not his dread fall upon you? -* **Would not his majesty ... dread fall upon you?** - Job asks these two questions for emphasis and twice over for more emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **proverbs made of ashes, defenses made of clay** - Job compares their useless proverbs to ashes and their resistance to the truth to clay. Both statements mean the same for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. Possible meanings are 1) Job is saying that they should fear God. AT: "His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you." or 2) Job is saying that they will fear God. AT: "His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Would not his dread fall upon you + +Dread falling on people represents them becoming terribly afraid. AT: "Would you not be terribly afraid" or "Would you not be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes + +Ashes represent things that are worthless and do not last. AT: "Your memorable sayings are worthless like ashes" or "Your memorable sayings will be forgotten like ashes that are blown away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your defenses are defenses made of clay + +Job speaks of what they say as if it were a wall made of clay around a city; it cannot defend the people because clay breaks easily. AT: "What you say in defense is as useless as a wall of clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your defenses + +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) what they say to defend themselves or 2) what they say to defend God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/13.md b/job/13/13.md index 3746950419..8ac939d89d 100644 --- a/job/13/13.md +++ b/job/13/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## translationNotes +# Hold your peace -* **let come what may on me.** - Job puts his life in Gods hands. AT: "whatever happens to me I will accept." -* **I will take my own flesh...my life in my hands.** - Job is willing to risk his life by arguing his case with God. "Flesh" and "life" refer to his body. "Teeth" and "hands" refer to his ability to take it under his own control. Both lines mean the same for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This is an idiom meaning "Be quiet" or "Stop talking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let me alone + +This is an idiom that means "stop bothering me" or "stop hindering me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let come what may on me + +Things coming on a person represents things happening to a person. This expression starting with "let" means that he does not care what might happen to him. AT: "let whatever may happen to me happen" or "I do not care what may happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will take my own flesh ... in my hands + +"Flesh" is a metonym for life. "Teeth" and "hands" are metonyms for his own control. These two phrases together emphasize that Job is willing to risk his life by arguing his case with God. AT: "I am ready to risk my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/16.md b/job/13/16.md index 1c74669bab..ca73f6155b 100644 --- a/job/13/16.md +++ b/job/13/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:acquit]] -* [[en:tw:acquit|acquit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly|ungodly, godless, ungodliness, godlessness]] +Job finishes speaking to his friends and begins to address God directly. -## translationNotes +# This will be the reason for my deliverance -* **my acquittal** - AT: "My release from guilt" -* **God, listen carefully** - Job begins directing his speech directly to God. -* **listen carefully ... come to your hears** - Both lines mean the same for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **come to your ears** - "Ears" represent the hearing and listening by a person who here is God himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The abstract noun "deliverance" can be expressed with the verb "deliver." AT: "This is the reason that God will deliver me" or "This is the reason that God will save me from my troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# God, listen carefully + +Job begins directing his speech directly to God. + +# listen carefully to my speech; let my declaration come to your ears + +These two lines mean basically the same thing and intensify Job's request for God to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# let my declaration come to your ears + +The abstract noun "declaration" can be expressed with the verb "declare." The ears represent listening. AT: "listen to my declaration" or "listen to what I declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/18.md b/job/13/18.md index 35c780f9f8..2559232f14 100644 --- a/job/13/18.md +++ b/job/13/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +Job continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# See now -* Job continues addressing his case directly to God himself. -* **See now** - This emphasizes what follows. "Please pay special attention" -* **I have set my defense in order** - This expression means "have thought how to explain myself and I am ready to show that I am innocent". -* **Who is the one who would argue against me in court?** - Job asks this question because he assumes everyone would know the answer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If you** - "You" here means God himself. -* **give up my life** - "allow myself to face death" +This emphasizes what follows. "Listen now" or "Please pay special attention" + +# I have set my defense in order + +Setting his defense in order represents deciding what he will say to defend himself. AT: "I have thought through how I will defend myself" or "I have decided how I will explain myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who is the one who would argue against me in court? + +Job uses this question to express his belief that since he is right, no one would argue against him. AT: "I do not believe that anyone would argue against me in court." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If you came to do so + +"If you came to argue against me" + +# If you + +"You" here means God himself. + +# if I were proved wrong + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if you were to prove me wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# give up my life + +Giving up one's life is a metaphor for dying. AT: "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/20.md b/job/13/20.md index 8a629e3c2a..a7f240fbe5 100644 --- a/job/13/20.md +++ b/job/13/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Job continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# from your face -* Job continues to address his case to God himself. -* **then I will not hide myself** - AT: "I could come before you with confidence that you would not harm me". -* **your face** - "Face" represents the person that here is God himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **oppressive hand** - "Hand" represents the control and power. Here it means God's control and power over Job. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"Face" represents the person. AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# withdraw your oppressive hand + +An oppressive hand is a metonym for doing things that oppress someone. Withdrawing the hand is a metaphor for stopping doing those things. AT: "stop oppressing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not let your terrors make me afraid + +The phrase "your terrors" refers to what causes people to be terrified of God. AT: "do not terrify me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/23.md b/job/13/23.md index a22cea3515..8b83c99d2f 100644 --- a/job/13/23.md +++ b/job/13/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Job continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# Why do you hide ... like your enemy? -* Job continues to address his case to God himself. -* **hide your face** - This expression means "avoid me" or "ignore me". "Face" represents the whole person, in this case God himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Why do you hide ... like your enemy?** - Job asks these questions for emphasis and then twice for more emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Will you persecute...pursue dry stubble?** - Job asks these questions for emphasis and then twice for more emphasis describing Job's weakness, insignificance and frailty. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **driven leaf, dry stubble** - "Leaf" and "stubble" represent worthless things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] +Job asks this question to complain about how God is treating him. He probably hopes for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you hide your face from me + +Hiding one's face from someone represents refusing to look at him or ignoring him. AT: "you refuse to look at me" or "you ignore me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will you persecute ... pursue dry stubble? + +Job uses these questions to tell God that since Job is so insignificant and weak, it is useless to persecute him. "Leaf" and "stubble" are metaphors describing Job's weakness, insignificance and frailty. AT: "You persecute me, but I am weak like a leaf blown by the wind and insignificant like dry stubble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/26.md b/job/13/26.md index efe1be87af..3a8d5225ce 100644 --- a/job/13/26.md +++ b/job/13/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:inherit]] +Job finishes presenting his case to God. -## translationNotes +# For you write down bitter things against me -* Job finishes presenting his case to God. -* **inherit the iniquities of my youth** - "Inherit" here means to live with the results of his foolish actions while he was young. -* **in the stocks** - "Stocks" are a form of restraint of prisoners by locking their feet in a fixed position so they can not move about. -* **all my paths** - "Path" represents the course of action of his life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like a rotten thing that wastes away** - Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like a garment that moths have eaten** - Job compares himself to clothes that the worms of a moth will eat so these are no good because of holes in it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Bitter things" represents accusations. AT: "For you write down accusations against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth + +Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. Possible meanings are it represents 1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. AT: "you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth" or 2) being punished for the sins of his youth. AT: "you punish me for the sins of my youth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the iniquities of my youth + +The abstract noun "youth" can be translated with the word "young." AT: "the sins I committed when I was young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# You also put my feet in the stocks + +Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. AT: "It is as though you put my feet in the stocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the stocks + +Possible meanings are 1) a frame that holds a prisoner's feet in place so that he cannot move at all or 2) chains around a prisoner's feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment. + +# all my paths + +"Paths" represent the things Job does. AT: "everything I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked + +The soles of his feet represent the person who walks. AT: "you examine the ground where I have walked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked + +Examining this ground represents examining all that Job has done. AT: "it is as though you examine the ground where I have walked" or "you examine everything I do like a person examining someone's footprints on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a rotten thing that wastes away + +Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a garment that moths have eaten + +Job compares himself to clothes that are full of holes because the moths have eaten parts of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/intro.md b/job/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e08419845 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Zophar. It also contains Job's claim of righteousness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/01.md b/job/14/01.md index 9d4cca81fb..4434e876f1 100644 --- a/job/14/01.md +++ b/job/14/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +This chapter continues Job's speech, which started in [Job 12:1](../12/01.md). Job is speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# Man, who is born of woman -* This chapter continues Job's speech, which started in [[:en:bible:notes:job:12:01]]. -* **Man, who is born of woman** - This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. -* **is full of trouble** - AT: "his life is full of trouble" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **He sprouts from the ground like a flower and is cut down** - A man's short life is compared to that of a flower. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He flees like a shadow and does not last** - A man's short life is compared to a shadow that disappears quickly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Do you look at any of these?** - Job talks to God; he implies that God should not pay attention to him. AT: "God, you should pay attention to any human being" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **look at** - This has here a negative connotation. AT: "pay attention to" or "look for faults in" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **any of these** - Job speaks about himself in the third person. AT: "me" -* **Do you bring me into judgment with you?** - Implied is that God should not judge Job because he is so small. AT: "Do you accuse me of sinning?" or "You should not threaten to judge me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# lives only a few days + +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that people live only a short time. AT: "lives only a very short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# is full of trouble + +Being "full of trouble" represents experiencing much trouble. AT: "has many troubles" or "suffers much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He sprouts from the ground like a flower and is cut down + +Like the life of a flower, a person's life is short and is easily killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he flees like a shadow and does not last + +A person's short life is compared to a shadow that disappears quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Do you look at any of these? + +Job implies that he does not want God to pay so much attention to him. AT: "You do not look at any of these." or "You do not pay so much attention to these. Please do not pay so much attention to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# look at + +Here looking at some one represents paying attention to him in order to judge him. AT: "pay attention to" or "look for faults in" + +# Do you bring me into judgment with you? + +Job uses this question to show his surprise that God judges him even though Job is so insignificant like the flowers. AT: "But you judge me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/04.md b/job/14/04.md index 9504df2bff..7ff7b808c8 100644 --- a/job/14/04.md +++ b/job/14/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Job continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one -* **Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one** - This is a rhetorical question with the answer. AT: "No one can bring something clean out of something unclean" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Man's days are determined** - AT: "You determined a man's days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **hired man** - a man who is hired to do a job and goes home afterwards +Job uses this question to persuade God to apply what he knows about unclean things to Job. AT: "No one can bring something clean out of something unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Man's days are determined + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "You determine a man's days" or "You decide how long a man lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The number of his months is with you + +The number of man's months being with God represents God deciding the number of months that the man will live. "You decide how many months he will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass + +Passing a limit represents living past a time that God has set for a person to die. AT: "you have appointed the time that he will die, and he cannot live longer than that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hired man + +a man who is hired to do a job and goes home afterwards \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/07.md b/job/14/07.md index 3e70bf88cc..463365f282 100644 --- a/job/14/07.md +++ b/job/14/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# There can be hope for a tree -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] +The abstract noun "hope" can be expressed with the verb "hope." The hope is explained in verses 7-9. AT: "We can hope that a tree will live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# it might sprout again -* **There can be hope** - AT: "There can be hope to live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **it might sprout again** - AT: "maybe it will live again" or "it might start growing again" -* **its tender branch will not cease** - AT: "its young twig will continue" or "its shoot will live again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Though** - "Even though" or "Even if" -* **stump** - The lowest part of the stem that remains after cutting down the tree. -* **yet even if it only** - "but when it" -* **smells water** - This describes the dead stump as if it can smell like a person. AT: "receives water" or "is watered" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **it will bud** - AT: "it will start growing" or "it will develop leaves and twigs" +"it might start growing again" + +# so that its tender stalk does not disappear + +Disappearing represents dying. AT: "so that its young shoot will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Though + +"Even though" or "Even if" + +# stump + +the part of the tree that remains sticking out of the ground after someone has cut down most of the tree + +# even if it only smells water + +This describes the dead stump as if it could smell water to represent water being near it. AT: "even if only a little water is near it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# it will bud + +"it will start growing" + +# send out branches like a plant + +The tree sending out branches represents branches growing on the tree. AT: "branches will start growing on it like a plant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/10.md b/job/14/10.md index f99991a762..523301c3a3 100644 --- a/job/14/10.md +++ b/job/14/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# then where is he? -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +Job uses this question to emphasize that when a person dies, he is not present. AT: "no one knows where he is." or "he is gone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# As water disappears from a lake ... and do not rise again -* **where is he?** - AT: "no one knows where he is" -* **As water disappears from a lake ... and do not rise again** - The fact that death cannot be reversed is compared to water that dried up and cannot return. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **As water disappears ... as a river loses ...** - These two phrases are describing the same thought and are repeated to emphasize the fact that death is final. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **they will not awake nor be roused out of their sleep** - These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize that death is final. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The fact that death cannot be reversed is compared to water that dried up and cannot return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# As water disappears ... as a river loses + +These two phrases are describing the same thought and are repeated to emphasize the fact that death is final. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# so people lie down + +Lying down represents dying. AT: "so people die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not rise again + +Rising again represents living again. AT: "do not live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will not awake nor be roused out of their sleep + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize that death is final. Sleeping represents dying and awaking represents living again. AT: "people who die will not live again and be raised from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/13.md b/job/14/13.md index 56fd9f3a5b..8e1f875666 100644 --- a/job/14/13.md +++ b/job/14/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Job continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# Oh, that you would hide me -* **Oh that you would** - Other translations may read: "Who will give?" or "Yahweh, please give this to me" -* **keep me in private** - AT: "keep me locked up" or "keep me hidden" or "protect me" -* **call me to mind** - AT: "remember me" (UDB) or "act kindly toward me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **If a man dies, wil he live again?** - The implicit answer is "no." AT: "When a man dies, he will not live again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If so** - AT: "If he would live again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **all my weary time there** - AT: "all my time, wich currently is making me tired, there" -* **my release should come** - AT: "I should be released" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +This is an exclamation showing what Job wants very much but does not really expect to happen. AT: "I wish that you would hide me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# keep me in private + +"keep me locked up" or "keep me hidden" + +# call me to mind + +Call someone to mind is an idiom meaning to think about him. AT: "think about me" or "remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# If a man dies, will he live again? + +The implicit answer is "no." AT: "If a man dies, he will not live again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If so + +What "so" refers to is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "If he would live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to wait all my weary time there + +"to wait all my time there even though I would be weary" + +# until my release should come + +The abstract noun "release" can be expressed with the verb "release." AT: "until I should be released" or "until you release me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/15.md b/job/14/15.md index 46448d7a74..1d14e18e75 100644 --- a/job/14/15.md +++ b/job/14/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Job continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# I would answer -* **I would answer** - AT: "I would respond" or "I would do what you ask of me" -* **have a desire for** - AT: "desire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **for the work of your hands** - AT: "for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **number and care for** - These two verbs combined express a single action. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **my footsteps** - AT: "my life" or "me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you would not keep ... My transgression would be ... you would cover up ...** - These three lines repeat the same thought and are used together to emphasize the importance of forgiveness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **you would not keep track of** - "you would not look at" AT: "you would forget" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **would be sealed up in a bag** - Transgression is described as if it is a small object you can put away. AT: "would be like trash you put in a bag" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **cover up my iniquities** - This describes iniquities as if they are a damaged part in a wall that will be covered with plaster. AT: "cover my iniquities as you plaster over a damaged wall" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I would respond" + +# You would have a desire for + +The noun "desire" can be expressed with the verbs "desire" or "want." AT: "You would desire" or "You would want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for the work of your hands + +Here God's hands represent him making things. Job refers to himself as the work of God's hands. AT: "for me, whom you have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# number and care for + +These two verbs together express a single action. AT: "attentively care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# my footsteps + +Footsteps represent his life or what he does. AT: "my life" or "the things I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you would not keep ... My transgression would be ... you would cover up + +These three lines express the same thought and are used together to emphasize his confidence that God would forgive him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you would not keep track of my sin + +Keeping track of Job's sin represents thinking about his sin. AT: "you would not look at my sin" or "you would not think about my sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My transgression would be sealed up in a bag + +Sealing transgression in a bag represents hiding it and refusing to think about it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You would refuse to think about my transgression like someone who hides something in a bag" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you would cover up my iniquity + +Covering up someone's iniquity so that it cannot be seen represents refusing to think about it. AT: "you would hide my iniquity" or "you would ignore my iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/18.md b/job/14/18.md index e798e2a91f..f930aff8dc 100644 --- a/job/14/18.md +++ b/job/14/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] +Job continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# mountains fall and come to nothing -* **even mountains fall ... even rocks are moved ... the waters wear down ... its flooding washes away ...** - These four lines talk about the same idea, namely that time will make everything that seems stable disappear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **fall and come to nothing** - These two verbs mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how surely mountains will disappear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Like this, you destroy the hopes of man** - This makes the whole chunk into a simily. If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. AT: "You destroy the hopes of man, just like ..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **you destroy** - The word "you" refers to God. -* **the hopes of man** - AT: "the things a man hopes for" +"Come to nothing" is an idiom meaning be completely destroyed. This phrase expands on the word "fall" and emphasizes complete destruction. AT: "mountains completely fall apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# rocks are moved out of their place + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "rocks tumble down from their place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Like this, you destroy the hopes of man + +If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. AT: "You destroy the hopes of man, just like ... dust of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you destroy the hopes of man + +Destroying hopes represents causing the things people hope for not to happen. AT: "You prevent the hopes of man from happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hopes of man + +The abstract noun "hopes" can be expressed with the verb "hope." AT: "the things that man hopes for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/20.md b/job/14/20.md index d7cb11410b..100de27fb2 100644 --- a/job/14/20.md +++ b/job/14/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Job continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# You always defeat him -* **you always defeat him** - The word "you" refers to God, and "him" to any person. -* **he passes away** - AT: "he dies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **You change his face** - Possible meanings are 1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or 2) God deforms his face after he dies. -* **send him away to die** - Other translations may only have: "send him away," which is a euphemism. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **may come to honor** - AT: "may be honored by other people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they may be brought low** - AT: "or they may be disgraced by other people" -* **He feels only the pain of his own body, and he mourns for himself.** - Job reflects on the pain and shortness of life, and the associated pain and mourning. +The word "him" refers to any person. AT: "You always defeat man" or "You always defeat people" + +# he passes away + +Passing away represents dying. AT: "he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# you change his face + +Possible meanings are 1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or 2) when a person dies, God makes the person's face look different. + +# send him away to die + +This represents causing him to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if they are brought low + +Being brought low represents being shamed. AT: "if they are disgraced" or "if people shame them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/intro.md b/job/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7f7d89d40c --- /dev/null +++ b/job/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Resurrection ##### +The events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/01.md b/job/15/01.md index 49f87de9ae..a08980d3b2 100644 --- a/job/15/01.md +++ b/job/15/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliphaz the Temanite -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:unprofitable]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is the name of a man. People from Teman are known as Temanites. See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind? -* **Eliphaz the Temanite** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:job:02:11]]. -* **Should a wise man answer ... with the east wind?** - The implicit answer is "no." AT: "A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the east wind** - AT: "hot air" (UDB) or "the desert wind" -* **Should he reason with ... which he can do no good?** - The implicit answer is "no." AT: "He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **reason** - "quarrel" or "argue" +Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. This can be written as a statement. AT: "A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# fill himself with the east wind + +The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. AT: "fill himself with empty words" or "only have meaningless words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the east wind + +"hot air" or "the desert wind" + +# Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good? + +Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. This can be written as a statement. AT: "He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good." or "He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/04.md b/job/15/04.md index 48ab5e0a70..a77d227e34 100644 --- a/job/15/04.md +++ b/job/15/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# diminish -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +"destroy" or "invalidate" -## translationNotes +# obstruct -* **diminish** - "destroy" or "invalidate" -* **respect for God** - "fear of God" or "fear" or "reverence" -* **obstruct** - "diminish" or "take away" -* **devotion to** - "meditation on" or "concern for" -* **your iniquity teaches your mouth** - This describes "iniquity" as if it were a teacher, like a person, and Job's mouth is described as if it is learning. AT: "your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **your mouth ... your own mouth** - AT: "what you say ... what you yourself say" or "you ... you yourself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **tongue of the crafty** - AT: "a way of speaking similar to that of crafty people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your own lips** - AT: "your own words" or "what you yourself say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"diminish" or "take away" + +# devotion to + +"meditation on" or "concern for" + +# your iniquity teaches your mouth + +This describes "iniquity" as if it were a teacher and Job's mouth is described as if it is learning. This means that his speech is greatly influenced by his iniquity. AT: "your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student" or "it is because of your sin that you speak the way you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your mouth + +This speaks of Job, but refers to his "mouth" to place emphasis on what he says. AT: "you to speak" or "you to say what you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to have the tongue of a crafty man + +This refers to the way a crafty man speaks as his "tongue." AT: "to speak in the way of a crafty man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# crafty + +"deceptive" + +# Your own mouth condemns you, not mine + +This refers to Job and Eliphaz by their "mouths" to place emphasis on what they say. AT: "You are condemned by what you say, not by what I say" or "You condemn yourself by what you say, it is not I who condemns you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your own lips testify + +This speaks of Job, but refers to his "lips" to place emphasis on what he says. AT: "your own words" or "you testify" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/07.md b/job/15/07.md index 5640132eb7..ebcc8212e0 100644 --- a/job/15/07.md +++ b/job/15/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Each verse is a parallelism that contains two rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Are you the first man that was born? -* Each verse is a parallelism that contains two rhetorical questions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Are you the first man that was born?** - AT: "You are not the first man that was born" -* **Were you brought into existence before the hills?** - AT: "You were not brought into existence before the hills" or "Did God bring you into existence before the hills?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Have you heard the secret knowlege of God?** - AT: "You have not heard the secret knowledge of God" -* **Do you limit wisdom to yourself?** - AT: "You cannot limit wisdom to yourself" or "You are not the only wise person" -* **What do you know that we do not know?** - AT: "Everything you know, we also know" -* **What do you understand that is not also in us?** - AT: "Everything you understand is also with us" or "Everything you understand, we also understand" +The implicit answer here is "no." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "You are not the first man that was born." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Were you brought into existence before the hills? + +The implicit answer here is "no." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "You were not brought into existence before the hills." or "God did not bring you into existence before he brought the hills into existence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Were you brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Did God bring you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Have you heard the secret knowledge of God? + +The implicit answer here is "no." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "You have not heard the secret knowledge of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you limit wisdom to yourself? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that he cannot limit wisdom to himself. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You cannot limit wisdom to yourself." or "You are not the only wise person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What do you know that we do not know? + +The implicit answer here is "nothing." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing that you know that we do not know." or "Everything you know, we also know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What do you understand that is not also in us? + +This speaks of the men having understanding as if it were something "inside" them. AT: "Everything you understand, we also understand." or "We understand everything that you understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/10.md b/job/15/10.md index cce7d8694c..cc9f4b4044 100644 --- a/job/15/10.md +++ b/job/15/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men -* [[en:tw:word]] +Eliphaz speaks of him and the other men having learned wisdom from older men and wisdom that had been passed down from men of previous generations as if these older men were physically present with them. AT: "We acquired wisdom from old gray-haired people, from people who were born before your father was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Are the consolations of God ... gentle toward you? -* **gray-headed and the very aged men** - headed and the very aged men** - "men with gray hair and very old men." These two descriptions refer to the same group and are used together to emphasize how wise they must be. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Are the consolations of God ... gentle toward you?** - The implied answer is an accusation. AT: "You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you" -* **consolations** - "comforts" or "sympathies" +This rhetorical question is an accusation, with the implicit answer to the question being "yes." This question may be written as a statement. AT: "You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you" + +# consolations + +"comforts" or "sympathies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/12.md b/job/15/12.md index c38d71b723..9eba74e3af 100644 --- a/job/15/12.md +++ b/job/15/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Why does your heart carry you away? -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Here the "heart" represents a person's emotions. AT: "Why do your emotions take you away?" or "Why do you allow your emotions to guide your decisions?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Why do your eyes flash -* **Why does your heart carry you away?** - AT: "Why do your emotions take you away?" or "Why do you allow your emotions to guide your decisions?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Why do your eyes flash** - This probably refers to Job looking angry. AT: "Why do your eyes look angry" or "Why are you angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **turn your spirit** - AT: "turn yourself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **What is man ... What is he who is born ...** - These two questions are basically the same and are used together to emphasize that a man cannot be perfect. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **What is man, that he should be clean?** - AT: "A man, he cannot be completely clean" -* **What is he who is born of a woman, that he should be righteous?** - AT: "A man who is born from a woman, he cannot be righteous" +This probably refers to Job appearing angry, specifically the appearance of his eyes. AT: "Why do your eyes look angry" or "Why are you angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# turn your spirit + +Here the "spirit" refers to the whole person. AT: "turn yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bring out such words from your mouth + +This describes him speaking. AT: "so you say harsh things against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What is man ... What is he who is born + +These two questions are basically the same and are used together to emphasize that a man cannot be perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# What is man that he should be clean? + +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely "clean." This can be written as a statement. AT: "A man, he cannot be completely clean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# clean + +A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What is he who is born of a woman that he should be righteous? + +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely "righteous." This can be written as a statement. AT: "A man who is born from a woman cannot be completely righteous." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/15.md b/job/15/15.md index 0131e8b464..656b2c91ea 100644 --- a/job/15/15.md +++ b/job/15/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +This word is used here to draw Job's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## translationNotes +# his holy ones -* **in his sight** - AT: "according to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **abominable and corrupt** - These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad humans are. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **who drinks iniquity like water** - This describes iniquity as if it were a liquid you can drink. AT: "who love iniquity as much as they love a cup of fresh water" or "who commit evil deeds as often as they drink water" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"his angels" + +# clean + +Something that God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in his sight + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in his judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# abominable and corrupt + +These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how wicked humans are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# who drinks iniquity like water + +This describes iniquity as if it were water you can drink. It compares how the evil man desires to commit sin to how readily he desires to drink cool water. AT: "who love iniquity as much as they love a cup of fresh water" or "who commit evil deeds as often as they drink water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/17.md b/job/15/17.md index c16ce1b5ab..d7f5919890 100644 --- a/job/15/17.md +++ b/job/15/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will show you -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is an idiom. AT: "I will explain to you" or "I will make it clear to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I will announce -* **I will show you** - AT: "I will explain to you" or "I will make it clear to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will announce to you** - AT: "I will tell you" -* **their ancestors did not hide** - AT: "their ancestors taught openly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"I will declare" + +# their ancestors did not hide + +Eliphaz emphasizes that their ancestors purposefully taught them these things. AT: "their ancestors taught openly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/19.md b/job/15/19.md index bdd3b4f8a4..c84bf03d38 100644 --- a/job/15/19.md +++ b/job/15/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# to whom alone the land was given -* [[en:tw:destroyer]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to whom alone God gave the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# among whom no stranger ever passed -* **to whom alone the land was given** - AT: "to whom alone God gave the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **no stranger ever passed** - AT: "no stranger ever corrupted their knowledge" -* **twists in pain** - This is either physical or emotional pain. AT: "suffers a lot." Other translations may read: "is overcome by fear" -* **the number of years that are laid up** - AT: "all the years that God has prepared" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This means that no foreigner lived among them, specifically so that they would not be influenced by pagan religions. AT: "no one from another country came and caused them to think wrongly about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twists in pain + +"suffers a lot of pain." This is either physical or emotional pain. + +# the number of years that are laid up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the years that God has laid up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that are laid up + +This is an idiom. AT: "that are prepared" or "that are set aside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# A sound of terrors is in his ears + +"He constantly hears sounds that terrify him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/22.md b/job/15/22.md index 16573362cd..add8287ecd 100644 --- a/job/15/22.md +++ b/job/15/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:anguish]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Eliphaz continues describing the wicked man he began to describe in [Job 15:20](./19.md). -## translationNotes +# return out of darkness -* **He** - This refers to the wicked man whom Eliphaz started to describe in the previous chunk. -* **return out of darkness** - AT: "return from the dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the sword waits for him** - The sword is a metaphor for death. At the same time the sword is described as if it were a person that is waiting. AT: "the sword is like a person that is waiting for him to kill him" or "death waits for him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the day of darkness** - AT: "the day of disaster" or "the moment of his death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **is at hand** - AT: "is coming soon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **distress and anguish** - These two words mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize the emotion. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **they prevail against him** - "it will overpower him" or "they will defeat him" -* **as a king ready for battle** - This compares the fears he has to a king with an army. AT: "just like a king, who is ready for a battle, would prevail against him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here "darkness" is a metaphor for trouble or misfortune. AT: "escape misfortune" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the sword waits for him + +Here "the sword" is a metonym that represents an enemy who is waiting to kill the evil man. Possible meanings are 1) he is worried that someone will murder him. AT: "he worries that someone is about to murder him" or 2) it is certain that he is going to be murdered. AT: "someone is waiting to murder him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for bread + +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "for food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the day of darkness + +This is an idiom. AT: "the day of disaster" or "the moment of his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# is at hand + +This is an idiom. AT: "is coming soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Distress and anguish make him afraid; they prevail against him + +The words "distress" and "anguish" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the emotion. Here these feelings are spoken of as if they were an enemy who is attacking the wicked man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# prevail against + +"overpower" or "defeat" + +# as a king ready for battle + +This compares how his distress and anguish overpower him to how a king, who is ready for battle, would prevail against him. AT: "just like a king, who is ready for a battle, would prevail against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/25.md b/job/15/25.md index 312dde94d7..d0d099f12e 100644 --- a/job/15/25.md +++ b/job/15/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he has reached out with his hand against God -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] +"he has shook his fist against God." This is a sign of aggression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# runs at God -* **he has reached out with his hand against God** - This is a sign of aggression of the wicked man against God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **runs at God** - AT: "attacks God" or "acts violently against God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **with a thick shield** - AT: "with his strong shield" +This speaks of the wicked man acting aggressively against God as if he were running towards him to attack him. AT: "attacks God" or "acts violently against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with a thick shield + +"with his strong shield" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/27.md b/job/15/27.md index 2b1bb0638e..a3a8cf4f55 100644 --- a/job/15/27.md +++ b/job/15/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This is true -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:loins]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"This" refers to the wicked man running at God from the previous verse. -## translationNotes +# he has covered his face with his fat and gathered fat on his loins -* **This is true** - "This" refers to the wicked man who "runs at God with a stiff neck" in the previous verse. -* **he has covered his face with his fat and gathered fat upon his loins** - This wicked man is described as fat and weak, while believing himself to be strong enough to defeat God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **he has covered his face with his fat** - AT: "his face looks fat and chubby" -* **gathered fat upon his loins** - "loins" are often considered the location of physical strength and generative power. To cover them with fat would be to destroy his power and ability to fight. -* **heaps** - AT: "disorganized piles" +This wicked man is described as fat and weak, while believing himself to be strong enough to defeat God. AT: "he is weak with a fat face and fat loins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# which no man inhabits + +"which are abandoned" + +# heaps + +"ruins" or "dumps" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/29.md b/job/15/29.md index 6eca4f2cb9..cf6a7cf8f9 100644 --- a/job/15/29.md +++ b/job/15/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He will not be rich; his wealth will not last -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +These two litotes express that he will be the opposite of rich, that he will be poor. AT: "he will be poor; all his money will disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# not even his shadow will last on the earth -* **He will not be rich; his wealth will not last** - These two phrases repeat the same thought and are used together to emphasize that the wicked will not be wealthy. AT: "he will be poor; all his money will disappear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **not even his shadow will last over the earth** - This repeats the idea that all the possessions of the wicked will disappear. Other translations may read: "nor will his possessions spread out over the earth" or "nor will will his grain bend down to the ground" -* **a flame will dry up his branches** - Here the flame represents God's judgment and the drying up of his branches represents either the fact that his possessions disappear, or that he will die. AT: "God will take everything he owns away, like a fire dries out the moist branches of a tree" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the breath of God’s mouth** - AT: "God's breath" or "God's judgment" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he will go away** - Possible meanings are 1) he will become poor or 2) he will die (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This repeats the idea that all the possessions of the wicked will disappear. Other translations may read: "nor will his possessions spread out on the earth." + +# out of darkness + +Darkness here represents death. AT: "out of the darkness of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a flame will dry up his stalks + +Here the flame represents God's judgment and the drying up of his stalks represents either the fact that his possessions disappear, or that he will die. AT: "God will take everything he owns away, like a fire dries out the moist branches of a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the breath of God's mouth + +Here God's "breath" represents his judgement. AT: "God's breath" or "God's judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will go away + +This refers to him dying. AT: "he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/31.md b/job/15/31.md index 18cc632687..d60502ccb6 100644 --- a/job/15/31.md +++ b/job/15/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# for uselessness will be his reward -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +This is implied that this is what will happen if he trusts in useless things. AT: "for if he trusts in them, uselessness will be his reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# his branch will not be green -* **his branch will not be green** - AT: "he will look dead, just like the branch of a dead tree does not look green" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He will drop his ... he will cast off his ...** - These two lines give a similar image, which is repeated to emphasize that this will surely happen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He will drop his unripe grapes like a grapevine** - AT: "Just like a grapevine drops its unripe grapes, so the wicked man will drop his strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he will cast off his flowers like the olive tree** - AT: "just like an olive tree casts off its flowers, so the wicked man will cast off his strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This speaks of the man looking pale and dead as if he were a dried out stalk or tree branch. AT: "he will look dead, just like the branch of a dead tree does not look green" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will drop his ... he will cast off his + +These two lines give a similar image, which is repeated to emphasize that this will surely happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will drop his unripe grapes like a grapevine + +This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were a grapevine dropping unripe grapes. AT: "Just like a grapevine drops its unripe grapes, so the wicked man will drop his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will cast off his flowers like the olive tree + +This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were were an olive tree dropping its flowers. At: "just like an olive tree loses its flowers, so the wicked man will lose his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/34.md b/job/15/34.md index efb86e3f2d..b7ec0e98ca 100644 --- a/job/15/34.md +++ b/job/15/34.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the company of godless people -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:conceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +"the group of godless people" -## translationNotes +# fire will consume their tents of bribery -* **fire will consume their tents of bribery** - AT: "the tents they bought with their bribes will be burned by fire" -* **They conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity; their womb conceives deceit** - The same thought is repeated three times to emphasize how much evil these people produce. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They conceive mischief** - AT: "Like a woman conceives a child, so they conceive mischief" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **give birth to iniquity** - AT: "like a woman gives birth to a child, so they produce iniquity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **their womb conceives deceit** - AT: "they conceive deceit" or "like a woman conceives a child, so they conceive deceit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The phrase "tents of bribery" means that the wicked people bought these tents with the money they made by bribery. AT: "the tents they bought with their bribes will be burned by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# They conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity; their womb conceives deceit + +The same thought is repeated three times to emphasize how much evil these people produce. This speaks of a person planning to do evil things and doing them as if the person were conceiving and giving birth to these things as a woman conceives and gives birth to a child. AT: "They plan to cause mischief and do evil things; they are always planning to deceive others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their womb conceives + +Here the "womb" is used to refer to the person to emphasize conception, as it is in the womb that conception takes place. AT: "they conceive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/intro.md b/job/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c32c6dd82 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eliphaz's advice ##### +Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/01.md b/job/16/01.md index 15fdb7cc7c..f44a607682 100644 --- a/job/16/01.md +++ b/job/16/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you are all miserable comforters -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +"instead of comforting me, you all make me more miserable" -## translationNotes +# Will useless words ever have an end? -* **Will useless words ever have an end?** - This means "stop this foolish talk". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What is wrong with you** - This expression means "stop treating me with such disrespect". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Job uses this rhetorical question to express that he wishes that they would stop speaking useless words. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "How I wish your useless words would end!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What is wrong with you that you answer like this? + +Job uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Eliphaz. Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Eliphaz, who just finished speaking to Job. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Eliphaz, you should stop answering me like this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/04.md b/job/16/04.md index abf6bb012e..720823fb44 100644 --- a/job/16/04.md +++ b/job/16/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I could collect and join words together -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Job speaks of thinking of useless things to say as if his words were random items that he collected and joined together. AT: "I could think of things to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# shake my head -* **shake my head** - "reject what you are saying" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Oh, how I would encourage you with my mouth! How the comfort from my lips would lighten your grief!** - Job's sarcasm is communicating: "By saying to you what you said to me earlier, I would not encourage you or lighten your grief." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is an action that shows disapproval. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in mockery + +The word "mockery" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "to mock you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Oh, how I would encourage you with my mouth! How the comfort from my lips would lighten your grief + +Here Job is speaking sarcastically and means the opposite of what he says. AT: "My words would surely not be encouraging to you! They would surely not lighten your grief" or "By speaking to you as you spoke to me earlier, I would not encourage you or lighten your grief!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# with my mouth + +Here Job's "mouth" represents what he says. AT: "with what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the comfort from my lips + +This refers to comforting words that he speaks. AT: "my comforting words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# would lighten your grief + +This speaks of grief as if it were a heavy physical burden. AT: "would lessen your grief" or "would help you feel less grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/06.md b/job/16/06.md index 0b03421175..57e71a90d1 100644 --- a/job/16/06.md +++ b/job/16/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# grief -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Job has experienced great loss of family and health that is unexplained and therefore causes him "great sorrow and emotional pain". -## translationNotes +# how am I helped? -* **grief** - Job has experienced great loss of family and health that is unexplained and therefore causes him "great sorrow and emotional pain". -* **how am I helped?** - Job asks this question to emphasize that there is no help in keeping silent. AT: "keeping silent does not help me at all." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **But now, God, you...** - Job now turns his complaining to God. -* **You have made me dry up** - "Dry up" is another way to describe how everything Job had has now vanished. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the leanness of my body rises up against me, it testifies against...** - Job describes his body's difficulties as if they were accusers against him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **against my face** - "Face" represents Job's reputation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Job uses this rhetorical question to express that keeping quiet does not lessen his grief. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "it does not help me at all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But now, God, you + +Job now turns his complaining to God. + +# made all my family desolate + +"destroyed all my family" + +# You have made me dry up + +This means that Job's body has shriveled and become wrinkled. AT: "You have made my body shrivel up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# which itself is a witness against me + +Job describes the shriveling of his body as if it were an accuser against him. AT: "and people think that shows me to be a sinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the leanness of my body rises up against me, and it testifies against + +Job describes the thinness of his body as if it were accuser against him. AT: "They see how thin my body is, and they think that proves that I am guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# against my face + +Here Job is referred to by his "face." AT: "against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/09.md b/job/16/09.md index 665bc4878f..a2607e1e74 100644 --- a/job/16/09.md +++ b/job/16/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# God has torn me in his wrath and persecuted me ... as he tears me apart -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This speaks of God causing Job pain as if God were a wild animal and Job were his prey that he was killing. AT: "Because God is very angry with me, it is as though he were a wild animal that tore my body apart with his teeth because he was my enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my enemy -* **torn me with his wrath, gnashed me with his teeth, he tears me apart** - These expressions refer to God's anger and compare his anger to a wild animal killing its prey. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **gape** - This word means "to stare in amazement with open mouth". +Job refers to God as his "enemy" as he describes how he has caused him great pain. + +# fastens his eyes on me + +This is an idiom. AT: "glares at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# People have gaped with open mouth + +To "gape" means to stare in amazement with open mouth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/11.md b/job/16/11.md index 8e53ab88e9..28120ce244 100644 --- a/job/16/11.md +++ b/job/16/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# hands me over to ungodly people, and throws me into the hands of wicked people -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize Job's feeling of having been betrayed by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# hands me over to -* **It is as though ... into the power of the wicked** - Job expresses the same idea in two ways to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **dashed me to pieces** - Job says that his life is "ruined", like a glass that is dropped on the floor and breaks. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **target** - Job compares himself to a focus of attack and criticism. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "puts me under the control of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# throws me into the hands + +Here a person's "hands" refer to his "control." AT: "delivers me to the control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and he broke me apart + +Job speaks of his pain and despair as if he himself were something that was broken into pieces. AT: "but then it felt as though he broke me apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dashed me to pieces + +Job speaks of God causing him pain and despair as if he were something that God had taken and smashed into pieces. AT: "it is as though he has taken me by the neck and smashed me to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has also set me up as his target + +Job speaks of himself being the focus of God's attacks as if God has set him up as a target to shoot arrows at. AT: "it is as though he set me up like a target" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/13.md b/job/16/13.md index b77e8d552f..3a144777bb 100644 --- a/job/16/13.md +++ b/job/16/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# His archers surround me all around -* [[en:tw:archer]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pierce]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] +Job speaks of himself being the focus of God's attacks as if God has set him up as a target and God had archers surrounding him to attack him. AT: "It is as though his archers have me surrounded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# God pierces my kidneys and does not spare me; he pours out my bile on the ground -* **pierces my kidneys...pours out my bile** - These are parts of Job's body that he mentions to describe himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **smashes through my wall** - Job's "wall" means his defenses in his speeches to protect himself. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like a warrior** - Job describes God as a soldier that attacks Job. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Job speaks of the pain he is feeling by comparing it to God piercing his body with arrows. Here "God" represents the arrows that he shoots. AT: "It feels like God's arrows have pierced my kidneys and my liver, spilling my bile on the ground. He does not spare me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He smashes through my wall + +Job speaks of the pain that he feels by comparing himself to a wall that God smashes through. AT: "I feel like a wall that God smashes through" or "I feel like a wall that God breaks through" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he runs upon me like a warrior + +Job describes God as a soldier that attacks him. AT: "it is like he is a warrior who runs at me to attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/15.md b/job/16/15.md index 88db980593..72cdb65561 100644 --- a/job/16/15.md +++ b/job/16/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I have sewn sackcloth on my skin -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:horn]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +Job speaks of wearing clothing made of sackcloth as if the cloth were attached to his body. People often wore sackcloth to express mourning or great grief. AT: "Because I am mourning, I have sewn together sackcloth to wear as my clothing" or "I wear clothing that I made from sackcloth, because I am mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I have thrust my horn into the ground -* **I have sewn sackcloth to my skin** - AT: "I have sewn sackcloth over my body;" Job describes his lamentation as if the cloth was attached to his body. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I have thrust my horn into the ground** - "Horn" represents the power and authority he had before but now is no more. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the shadow of death** - Job describes death as having a shadow that appears on his eyelids. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **no violence in my hands** - "Hands" refers to a person's ability and activity. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Job's "horn" represents the power and authority he had before but now is no more. AT: "I sit here in the dirt, very depressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on my eyelids is the shadow of death + +Here Job's eyes are represented by his "eyelids." Job speaks of his eyes' dark appearance as if his eyes looked like the eyes of a dead person. AT: "there are dark circles around my eyes" or "my eyes are dark, like the eyes of a dead person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no violence in my hands + +"Hands" refers to a person's ability and activity. AT: "I have not acted violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/18.md b/job/16/18.md index 223b0ae0d6..0278fe5e1b 100644 --- a/job/16/18.md +++ b/job/16/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Earth, do not cover up my blood -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Jobs speaks to the "earth" directly even though it cannot hear him, to add strength to his statement. The earth is personified as purposefully covering up his blood after he dies. AT: "I wish my blood would not soak into the ground but that it would remain on top of the ground as proof of how I died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Earth, do not cover up my blood -* **Earth do not cover up my blood** - Job talks to the ground as if it could help him keep the evidence of his being treated so badly. AT: "I want it to be known that I died unfairly;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **let my cry have no resting place** - This expression means, "Let my appeal be very clear to everyone and always be heard". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **my witness is in heaven** - Job trusts that someone will speak up for him to God. -* **vouches** - This means "to verify by supplying proof". +Job speaks of himself dying as if he would be murdered. Here his "blood" is a metonym referring to his death. AT: "Earth, when I die, do not hide how I died unfairly" or "Let it not be hidden how I died unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let my cry have no resting place + +Job speaks of wanting everyone to know what happened to him as if his "cry" were a person that never stopped testifying to what happened to him and never rested. AT: "let everyone hear about what has happened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# see + +Job uses this word to draw attention to what he says next. AT: "listen" + +# vouches + +"testifies" + +# on high + +This is an idiom. AT: "in heaven" or "in heaven on high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/20.md b/job/16/20.md index a4de1369ea..56f766c08a 100644 --- a/job/16/20.md +++ b/job/16/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# scoff -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"scorn" or "ridicule" -## translationNotes +# my eye pours out tears -* **scoff** - "scorn" This word means to disrespect and to hate expressed in rudeness or crudeness. -* **my eye pours out tears** - Job describes how strongly he feels his sorrow. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **as a person pleads for his neighbor** - Job describes how he wants that one in heaven to plead for him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **this man** - Job refers to himself. +Job describes how strongly he feels his sorrow. Here he exaggerates how he often cries by saying that tears pour from his eyes. AT: "my eyes are full of tears while I cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# for this man + +"for me." Here Job refers to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# as a man does with his neighbor! + +"as a man does for his neighbor." Job describes how he wants that one in heaven to plead for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will go to a place + +Here Job is referring to himself dying. AT: "I will die and go to a place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/intro.md b/job/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05f44425c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Job 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's response ##### +Job expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +##### Advocate ##### +Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/01.md b/job/17/01.md index 033b229cac..ae26e8921c 100644 --- a/job/17/01.md +++ b/job/17/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Job continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# My spirit is consumed -* Job continues to speak. -* **My spirit is consumed** - AT: "I am consumed" or "I have lost all of my strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my days are over** - AT: "my time is over" or "I am going to die soon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the grave is ready for me** - This phrase describes the grave, which refers to death, as if it is a person who will receive Job as a guest. AT: "death is ready to receive me" or "soon I will be dead and buried" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Surely** - "Indeed" AT: "I am sure of this" -* **my eye must always see** - AT: "I must always see" or "I must always hear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **their provocation** - AT: "them provoking me" or "their insults" or "them, trying to make me angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself** - Job begins to speak to God. AT: "please provide my bail money" or "pay for my release from prison" -* **who else is there who will help me?** - The implicit answer is: "no one." AT: "there is no one else who can help me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Job refers to himself by his "spirit" to emphasize his inner emotions. He speaks of not having any strength left as if he were something that has been used up. AT: "I am consumed" or "I have lost all of my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my days are over + +"my time is over" or "I am going to die soon" + +# the grave is ready for me + +This phrase describes "the grave" as if it is a person who will receive Job as a guest. AT: "soon I will be dead and buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Surely there are mockers with me + +"Those who are around me are mocking me" + +# Surely + +"Indeed" + +# my eye must always see + +Job refers to himself by his "eyes" to emphasize what he sees. AT: "I must always see" or "I must always hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# their provocation + +"their insults." The word "provocation" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "them provoking me" or "them, trying to make me angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself + +Job begins to speak to God. Here he speaks of his situation as if he were in prison. He is asking God to provide a pledge so that he may be released. AT: "God, give now a pledge so that I may be released from this prison" or "pay for my release from prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who else is there who will help me? + +Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one else to help him. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "there is no one else who will help me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/04.md b/job/17/04.md index 66235f4e3c..ac95160c52 100644 --- a/job/17/04.md +++ b/job/17/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +Job continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# have kept their hearts -* Job continues to speak. -* **have kept their hearts** - AT: "have kept their minds" or "have kept them" or "have kept my three friends" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **you will not exalt them over me** - AT: "you will not allow them to triumph over me" or "you will not allow them to defeat me" -* **He who** - "Anyone who" -* **denounces his friends for a reward** - AT: "falsely accuses his friends in order to get a profit" or "betrays his friends in order to get a portion of his goods" -* **the eyes of his children will fail** - AT: "his children will suffer for it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "their" refers to his friends. They are referred to by their "hearts" to emphasize their emotions. AT: "have kept them" or "have kept my friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will not exalt them over me + +"you will not allow them to triumph over me" + +# He who + +"Anyone who" + +# denounces his friends for a reward + +"falsely accuses his friends in order to get a profit" or "betrays his friends to receive a reward" + +# the eyes of his children will fail + +The person's children are referred to here by their "eyes." This phrase describes the children suffering because of what their father or mother did. AT: "his children will suffer for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/06.md b/job/17/06.md index 192df0da6f..45cdae3ff1 100644 --- a/job/17/06.md +++ b/job/17/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +Job continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# he has made me a byword of the people -* Job continues to speak. -* **he has made me a byword of the people** - AT: "because of him, people use my name as a byword" or "because of them, people use my name as a byword" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a byword** - "an insult" AT: "a joke" -* **they spit in my face** - "people spit in my face" AT: "people insult me deeply" -* **My eye is also dim because of sorrow** - AT: "My vision has become weak because I am so sad" or "I am almost blind because of the grief" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **all my body parts are as thin as shadows** - Shadows have no thickness and are infinitely thin. That is how thin Job's body parts are. AT: "all my body parts are very thin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **all my body parts** - AT: "my arms and legs" -* **will be stunned** - "will be shocked" or "will be horrified" -* **by this** - AT: "because of what happened" or "by what has happened to me" -* **will stir himself up against** - AT: "will be distressed because of" or "will be very angry with" +This means that people speak of him in a mocking way and use his name as an insult. AT: "because of him, people use my name as an insult" or "because of them, people use my name as a byword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they spit in my face + +"people spit in my face." In this culture spitting on someone was a great insult. If spitting has a different meaning in your culture you can write this differently. AT: "people insult me greatly, by spitting in my face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# My eye is also dim because of sorrow + +Job speaks of his vision as his "eyes." AT: "My vision has become weak because I am so sad" or "I am almost blind because of my sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all my body parts are as thin as shadows + +Shadows have no thickness and are infinitely thin. That is an exaggeration of how thin Job's body parts are. AT: "all my body parts are very thin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# all my body parts + +This is a generalization used to emphasize that his whole body is thin, but refers specifically to his arms and legs. AT: "my arms and legs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# stunned + +"shocked" or "horrified" + +# by this + +"by what has happened to me" + +# will stir himself up against + +This is an idiom. AT: "will be distressed because of" or "will be very angry with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/09.md b/job/17/09.md index 644ddab1e0..9621a38ff3 100644 --- a/job/17/09.md +++ b/job/17/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Job continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# will keep to his way -* Job continues to speak. -* **will keep to his way** - AT: "will hold firmly to his way" or "will continue to live in a righteous way" -* **he who has clean hands** - AT: "he who is clean" or "he who does what is right" or "he who is innocent" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **will grow stronger and stronger** - "adds strenght" AT: "becomes cleaner" or "becomes more righteous" -* **you all** - Job is speaking to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. -* **come on now** - Job invites his friends to repeat their arguments. AT: "come on then, argue with me again" -* **I will not find a wise man among you** - AT: "none of you are wise" or "all of you are foolish" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "will continue to live in a righteous way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he who has clean hands + +This speaks of a person being innocent as having clean hands. AT: "he who does what is right" or "he who is innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will grow stronger and stronger + +This does not refer only to physical strength but also to the strength of a person's will and emotions. + +# you all + +Job is speaking to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. + +# come on now + +Job invites his friends to debate what he has said. AT: "come on now, argue with me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/11.md b/job/17/11.md index 9371ef7636..46739600e8 100644 --- a/job/17/11.md +++ b/job/17/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] +Job continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# My days are past -* Job continues to speak. -* **My days are past** - AT: "My time is past" or "My life is over" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my plans are over** - AT: "my plans will never happen" -* **even the wishes of my heart** - AT: "even my wishes will never happen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **These people, these mockers** - These two words refer to the same people, namely Job's friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. He uses two words to emphasize their unfriendly attitude. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **change the night into day** - AT: "they claim it is daytime when it is night" or "what they say is the opposite of what is true, just like the night is the opposite of the day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "My time is past" or "My life is over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my plans are shattered, and so are the desires of my heart + +Here Job's "heart" represents his inner being. AT: "my plans will never happen, nor will the things that I have desired most" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# These people, these mockers + +These two phrases refer to the same people, namely Job's friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. The second phrase emphasizes their unfriendly attitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# change the night into day + +This speaks of the people claiming that night is day as if they actually changed night into day. AT: "claim it is daytime when it is night" or "say the opposite of what is true, just as night is the opposite of day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# light is near to darkness + +It is implied that the mockers claim that it is light when it is close to dark. AT: "they claim that light is near to darkness" or "they claim that when it is becoming dark, that it is getting light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/13.md b/job/17/13.md index 8ef0970d04..43ae1db6e9 100644 --- a/job/17/13.md +++ b/job/17/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] +Job continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# I look at Sheol as my home -* Job continues to speak. -* **I look at sheol as my home** - AT: "I think of sheol as my home" or "Sheol is like my home" or "I will soon be at home among other dead people" -* **have spread my couch in the darkness** - AT: "have made my bed in the darkness" or "have prepared myself to go and sleep among the dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I have said to the pit... and to the worm ...** - These two lines are a variation to each other and are used together to emphasize how desperate Job is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **You are my father** - Job feels as though "corruption" is as familar as a father. AT: "You are as close to me as my father" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the worm** - Worms are the small creatures that eat dead bodies. -* **You are my mother or my sister** - Job feels as though "the worm" is as familar as a mother or a sister. AT: "You are as close to me as my mother or my sister" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **where then is my hope?** - The implicit answer is "now where", because he has no hope. AT: "I have no hope" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **As for my hope, who can see any?** - The implicit answer is "no one can see my hope", because he has none. AT: "As for my hope, I do not have any" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +To "look at" something a certain way means to "think" of it that way. AT: "I think of Sheol as my home" or "I now consider Sheol my home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have spread my couch in the darkness + +Here Job speaks of being prepared to die as having laid his bed in the darkness. AT: "have prepared myself to go and sleep among the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have spread my couch + +"have made my bed" + +# I have said to the pit ... and to the worm + +These two lines are a variation to each other and are used together to emphasize how desperate Job is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the pit + +"the grave" + +# You are my father + +Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his father. AT: "You are as close to me as my father" or "When I am buried, you will be as close to me as a father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the worm + +"the maggot." Worms are the small creatures that eat dead bodies. + +# You are my mother or my sister + +Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with the worms in his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his mother and sisters. AT: "You are as close to me as my mother or my sister" or "You will be as close to me as a mother or sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# where then is my hope? + +The implicit answer is "nowhere," because he has no hope. This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "I have no hope." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# As for my hope, who can see any? + +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that that no one expects him to have any hope. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can see any hope for me." or "No one expects me to have any more hope." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/16.md b/job/17/16.md index c9e4e02347..b4bc1a1e96 100644 --- a/job/17/16.md +++ b/job/17/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Will hope go down with me ... dust? -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] +The implicit answer is "no." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Hope will not go down with me ... dust." or "I will no longer hope when I go down ... dust." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# gates of Sheol -* **Will hope go down with me ...** - The implicit answer is "no." AT: "Hope will not go down with me ..." or "I will no longer hope when I go down ..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **gates of sheol** - Sheol does not really have gates, but it is a metaphor for Job entering sheol. AT: "when I go into sheol" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **when we** - The word "we" refers to Job and his hope. -* **descend to the dust** - "go down into the dirt" AT: "go to sheol" or "die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Sheol does not really have gates, but it is a metaphor for Job entering Sheol. AT: "when I go into Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when we + +"when I and the things that I hope for" or "when I and my hopes." The word "we" refers to Job and his hope. + +# descend to the dust + +This is an idiom. AT: "die and are buried" or "go to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/intro.md b/job/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..951b08db8f --- /dev/null +++ b/job/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Job 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz, but it is more directly addressed to Yahweh. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's grief ##### +Job expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]]) + +##### Advocate ##### +Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/01.md b/job/18/01.md index 7ff92e9903..04d20a4dd6 100644 --- a/job/18/01.md +++ b/job/18/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]\\ -* Bildad the Shuhite is speaking to Job. -* **Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:08:01]]. -* **When will you stop your talk?** - This question means that Job has been talking for too long. AT: "Stop talking!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Consider** - "Be reasonable" or "Show that you have some basic wisdom" +Bildad the Shuhite is speaking to Job. + +# Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said + +"Bildad" is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. See how you translated this in [Job 8:1](../08/01.md). + +# When will you stop your talk? + +This rhetorical question means that Job has been talking for too long. This may be written as a statement. AT: "Stop talking!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Consider + +"Be reasonable" or "Think about these things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/03.md b/job/18/03.md index 4f80096503..bf5c9fbf36 100644 --- a/job/18/03.md +++ b/job/18/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] +Bildad continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Why are we regarded as beasts -* Bildad continues speaking to Job. -* **Why are we regarded as beasts** - AT: "You should not think that we are like animals." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why are we** - The word "we" probably refers to Bildad and Job's other friends. -* **why have we become stupid in your sight** - AT: "We are not stupid like you think we are." -* **stupid** - Possible meanings are 1) dumb or 2) unclean. -* **You who tear at yourself in your anger** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:job:16:09]]. Here, Bildad says that it is not God who tore Job in his wrath, but rather it is Job who tore himself in his own wrath. -* **should the earth be forsaken for you -* This phrase suggests that letting a guilty man go free would be like changing the laws of nature. AT: "Asking God to let a guilty man go free is as silly as asking him to change the entire order of the world." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **should the earth be forsaken** - AT: "should everyone leave the earth?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **should the rocks be removed out of their places** - AT: "should God move mountains around?" +Bildad uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to Job that he should not consider them to be dumb. He speaks of them being considered dumb by calling them "beasts." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not think that we are like beasts." or "You should not think that we are dumb like animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why are we + +The word "we" probably refers to Bildad and Job's other friends. + +# why have we become stupid in your sight + +Bildad uses this rhetorical question that he should not consider them to be stupid. AT: "We are not stupid like you think we are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in your sight + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You who tear at yourself in your anger + +Here Bildad is stating that it is because of Job's anger and disobedience that he has been injured, not because of God's anger as Job has previously claimed. The word "tear" here means to "injure." AT: "You who have caused your own injuries because of your anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# should the earth be forsaken for you or should the rocks be removed out of their places? + +This rhetorical question suggests that letting Job, whom they consider a guilty man, go free would be like changing the whole world. Bildad uses these huge exaggerations here to emphasize how outrageous he thinks this is. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Asking God to let you, a guilty man, go free is as silly as asking for God to forsake the earth for your sake or for God to move the rocks out of their places to please you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# should the earth be forsaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "should everyone leave the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# should the rocks be removed out of their places + +This can be stated in active form. The word "rocks" here refers to large rocks, such as those in the mountains. AT: "should God remove the rocks from their places" or "should God move mountains around" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/05.md b/job/18/05.md index ad06e5602b..0be348e4cc 100644 --- a/job/18/05.md +++ b/job/18/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Bildad continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Indeed, the light of the wicked person will be put out; the spark of his fire will not shine -* Bildad continues speaking to Job. -* **Indeed, the light...his lamp above him will be put out** - Bildad uses these images to say that the wicked will experience sudden and complete disaster or death. Light represent prosperity, joy, and life. Darkness poverty, sorrow, and death. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **will be put out** - "will go out" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The light will be dark** - AT: "The light will turn into darkness" +Bildad speaks of a wicked person dying as if his lamp were being blown out. AT: "What will happen is that the lives of wicked people like you end as quickly as we can put out a light or extinguish the flame of a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be put out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will go out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The light will be dark in his tent; his lamp above him will be put out + +Bildad continues to speak of the wicked person dying. He speaks of the wicked man's life as if it were the light in his tent. AT: It will be like the light in his tent has turned to darkness, like the lamp above him has gone out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/07.md b/job/18/07.md index e265d97abb..0b733a35fb 100644 --- a/job/18/07.md +++ b/job/18/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## translationNotes +# The steps of his strength will be made short -* Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -* **The steps of his strength...into a pitfall** - Bildad uses these images to say that the wicked experience sudden disaster. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The steps of his strength** - "The steps he takes when he is strong" or "His strong steps" -* **will be made short** - "will become short." When a person is strong, he is able to take long and quick steps. When a person is weak, he can only take short steps. -* **his own plans will cast him down** - "his own advice makes him fall down" -* **For he will thrown into a net by his own feet** - "His own feet will lead him into a net." Bildad uses this image to say that the way that a wicked person lives his life leads him to sudden disaster. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a net** - cords or ropes that people weave together to create a mesh. People used nets to catch animals. -* **a pitfall** - a pit that has branches and leaves over it so that an animal will walk onto the branches and leaves and fall into the pit +This speaks of the wicked person suddenly experiencing disaster as if he no longer had strength to walk. AT: "It will be like he no longer has the strength to walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his own plans will cast him down + +"his own advice makes him fall down." This speaks of the wicked person undergoing disaster as if he fell down. AT: "his own plans will lead him into disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For he will be thrown into a net by his own feet; he will walk into a pitfall + +"His own feet will lead him into a net." Bildad uses this image to say that the way that a wicked person lives his life leads him to sudden disaster. AT: "It will be as though he led himself into a net, as if he walked right into a pitfall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a net + +cords or ropes that people weave together to create a mesh. People used nets to catch animals. + +# a pitfall + +a pit that has branches and leaves over it so that an animal will walk onto the branches and leaves and fall into the pit \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/09.md b/job/18/09.md index 109ba26389..38b7f7ef50 100644 --- a/job/18/09.md +++ b/job/18/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Bildad continues to speak and uses three parallel images to describe how suddenly the wicked person will experience disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A trap will take him ... a snare will ... A noose is ... and a trap for him in the way -* Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -* **A trap will take him...will chase him at his heels.** - Bildad uses these images three times over to emphasize to say that the wicked experience sudden disaster. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A trap** - People used this kind of trap to catch birds. The trap snapped shut and held on to the foot of the bird. -* **will take him by the heel** - "will take hold of his foot" -* **a snare will lay hold on him** - "will hold him tight" or "will hold him so he cannot get away" -* **A noose is hidden for him on the ground** - AT: "Someone will hide a noose on the ground in order to catch him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **A noose** - a rope with loop that grabs hold of an animals leg when the animal steps in the middle of the loop -* **and a trap for him in the way** - "and there is a trap on the path to catch him" -* **Terrors will make him afraid on every side** - "Terrors all around will make him afraid" -* **they will chase him at his heels** - "they will chase him all over" +These four phrases speak of the wicked man experiencing disaster as if he were caught in a trap. AT: "It will be as though a trap will take him ... a snare will ... A noose is ... and a trap for him in the way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# A trap + +People used this kind of trap to catch birds. The trap snapped shut and held on to the foot of the bird. + +# will take him by the heel + +Here the "heel" refers to the whole foot. AT: "will take hold of his foot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# A noose is hidden for him on the ground + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone has hidden a noose on the ground in order to catch him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A noose + +a rope with a loop that grabs hold of an animal's leg when the animal steps in the middle of the loop + +# a trap for him + +The understood verbal phrase "is hidden" may be supplied. AT: "a trap is hidden on the path to catch him" or "someone will hide a trap to catch him in the way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Terrors will make him afraid on every side + +"Terrors all around will make him afraid" + +# they will chase him at his heels + +This speaks of the things that terrify the wicked person as if they were enemies who chased him. AT: "it will be as if the terrors will chase him all around" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/12.md b/job/18/12.md index 13441342e7..ca3c6daf7c 100644 --- a/job/18/12.md +++ b/job/18/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] +Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## translationNotes +# His wealth will turn into hunger -* Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -* **His wealth will turn into hunger** - AT: "Instead of being wealthy, he will be hungry" -* **and calamity will be ready at his side** - "and disaster will be ready by his side" or AT: "and he will suddenly experience disaster." -* **The parts of his body will be devoured** - "Disease will eat away at his skin" or "Disease will destroy his skin" -* **the firstborn of death will devour his parts** - The phrase "the firstborn of death" refers to diseases which kill people. AT: "a deadly disease will destroy the the different parts of his body." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This speaks of the wicked man becoming poor and hungry as if his wealth were something that turned into something else. AT: "Instead of being wealthy, he will become poor and hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# calamity will be ready at his side + +The phrase "ready at his side" is an idiom that means that something is continually present. AT: "he will continually experience disaster" or "he will not be able to avoid calamity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The parts of his body will be devoured + +This can be stated in active form. Also, this speaks of a disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. AT: "Disease will eat away at his skin" or "Disease will destroy his skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the firstborn of death will devour his parts + +Here a disease that kills many people is referred to as "the firstborn of death." This speaks of that disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. AT: "a deadly disease will destroy the different parts of his body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/14.md b/job/18/14.md index 43721651a5..9c34ba78f9 100644 --- a/job/18/14.md +++ b/job/18/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## translationNotes +# He is torn from the safety of his tent -* Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -* **He will be torn out of his tent** - AT: "Disaster will rip him out of his tent." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he will be brought to death** - AT: "disaster will make him march to death" or "disaster will make him die." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the king of terrors** - Bildad refers to "death" as "the king of terrors" because death is more terrifying than anything else that is terrifying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **People not his own will live in his tent** - "Other people will live in his tent." This refers to people who are not part of the wicked persons family. -* **after they see that sulfur is scattered within his home** - "after they spread sulfur all over his home." People used sulfur to get rid of any diseases from a dying person. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Disaster rips him out of his tent, where he is safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# marched off + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it marches him off" or "it forces him to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the king of terrors + +This is a reference to "King Death," a pagan god who was believed to rule over death. AT: "the one who rules over the dead" or "the king of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# People not his own + +"People who are not his family" + +# after they see that sulfur is scattered within his home + +People used sulfur to get rid of any diseases from a dying person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after they spread sulfur all over his home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/16.md b/job/18/16.md index 34f3531390..0690e59af9 100644 --- a/job/18/16.md +++ b/job/18/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## translationNotes +# His roots will be dried up ... branch be cut off -* Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -* **His roots will be dried up...branch be cut off** - This compares a wicked person to a sick tree that looses its roots and branches. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **His memory will perish...no name in the street** - These phrases are used together to emphasize the fact that nobody will remember him anymore. AT: "Everybody in the world will forget about him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This speaks of the wicked man dying and having no descendants as if he were a tree whose roots dried up and branches withered, producing no fruit. AT: "He will die and leave no descendants, he will be like a tree whose roots have dried up and whose branches have all withered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will his branch be cut off + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his branches will wither" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# His memory will perish from the earth; he will have no name in the street + +These phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the fact that nobody will remember him after he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# His memory will perish from the earth + +This speaks of the "memory" of the wicked man as if it were a person who died. AT: "No one on the earth will remember him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will have no name in the street + +This is an idiom. AT: "no one walking along the street will even remember his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/18.md b/job/18/18.md index effa6dad7e..74d45e7446 100644 --- a/job/18/18.md +++ b/job/18/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## translationNotes +# He will be driven from light into darkness ... and be chased out of this world -* Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -* **He will be driven...out of this world** - These phrases together emphasize the fact that the wicked person will be sent to Sheol, the place of the dead. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He will be driven from light into darkness** - AT: "God will drive the wicked person from light into darkness." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from light into darkness** - The word "light" refers life, and the word "darkness" refers to death. -* **and be chased out of this world** - AT: "and God will send him to the place where dead people go." -* **He will have no son...remaining kinfolk where he had stayed** - "He will not have any children to continue his family line." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **kinfolk** - "relatives" -* **Those who live in the west...will be frightened by it** - "Everyone in the whole world will be scared when they see what happens to the evil person." +These phrases together emphasize the fact that the wicked person will be sent to Sheol, the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will be driven from light into darkness + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will drive the wicked person from light into darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from light into darkness + +The word "light" refers to life, and the word "darkness" refers to death. AT: "from the light of life to the darkness of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# be chased out of this world + +This speaks of God making him leave earth and go where dead people go as if he were chasing him. AT: "God will make him leave this world" or "God will send him to the place where dead people go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be chased out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will chase him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will have no son ... nor any remaining kinfolk where he had stayed + +Together these two phrases emphasize that he will have no family or descendants left. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# son's son + +"grandson" or "grandchild" + +# kinfolk + +"relatives" + +# Those who live in the west ... those who live in the east will be frightened by it + +The phrases "in the west" and "in the east" are together a merism that refers to all people living everywhere. This is an exaggeration as not everyone on the earth will hear about what happened to a specific wicked person. AT: "Everyone in the whole world will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person" or "Many people who live in the east and in the west will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# one day + +"someday" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/21.md b/job/18/21.md index bf777fdc0e..d2cc02875a 100644 --- a/job/18/21.md +++ b/job/18/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## translationNotes +# the homes of unrighteous people, the places of those who do not know God -* Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -* **such are the homes of unrighteous people** - "that is what happens to the homes of unrighteous people." Bildad uses this phrase to conclude his comments on what happens to a wicked person. -* **the places of those who do not know God** - AT: "that is what happens to places that do not know God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +These two phrases have the same meaning and refer to the same people. Here these people are referred to by the places where they live. AT: "unrighteous people, those who do not know God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/intro.md b/job/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20ff55269a --- /dev/null +++ b/job/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Job 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bildad's advice ##### +Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/01.md b/job/19/01.md index 5bb7808e2d..96bb437c68 100644 --- a/job/19/01.md +++ b/job/19/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Job speaks to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Then Job answered and said** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:06:01]]. -* **How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words** - AT: "Stop making me suffer and breaking me into pieces with words." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **will you make me suffer** - The word "you" refers to the three friends of Job, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. -* **break me into pieces with words** - Job uses this image to say that his words make him feel very sad and hopeless. AT: "and torment me with your words." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] + +# How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words + +Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. AT: "Stop making me suffer and breaking me into pieces with words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# break me into pieces with words + +Job uses this image to say that their words make him feel very sad and hopeless. AT: "torment me with your words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/03.md b/job/19/03.md index 93494c6191..486cd21b09 100644 --- a/job/19/03.md +++ b/job/19/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# These ten times you have reproached me -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **These ten times you have reproached me** - The phrase "These ten times" refers to the way that the friends have completely rebuked Job. AT: "You have completely reproached me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **have treated me harshly** - "have despised me" or "have publicly ridiculed me" -* **have erred** - "have sinned by accident" or "mistakenly sinned" -* **my error** - "my sin" or "my mistake" -* **remains my own concern** - Job implies that his friends are not responsible for continuing to rebuke him. AT: "is my own responsibility and you should not continue to rebuke me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The phrase "These ten times" refers to the way that the friends have completely rebuked Job. AT: "You have completely reproached me" or "You have reproached me many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you are not ashamed that you have treated me harshly + +Job is rebuking them for this. This can be written in positive form. AT: "You should be ashamed that you have treated me so harshly" + +# have treated me harshly + +"have despised me" or "have publicly ridiculed me" + +# have erred + +"have sinned by accident" or "mistakenly sinned" + +# my error remains my own concern + +Job implies that his friends are not responsible for continuing to rebuke him since he is the one who made the error. AT: "my error is my own responsibility, so you should not continue to rebuke me" or "my error did not hurt you, so you should not continue to rebuke me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my error + +"my sin" or "my mistake" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/05.md b/job/19/05.md index 015a827003..068ca5ac06 100644 --- a/job/19/05.md +++ b/job/19/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disgrace]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# If indeed you will exalt yourselves above me -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **If indeed you will boast against me** - "Since indeed you act as though you are better than me" -* **am disgraced** - AT: "have done something disgraceful." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **has caught me in his net** - Job compares God with a hunter that has violently caught an innocent animal in his net. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"If you think you are better than I am" or "Since you act as though you are better than I am" + +# use my humiliation against me + +How his friends would do this can be stated clearly. AT: "claim that my humiliation is proof against me" or "use my humiliation as evidence that I am guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# use my humiliation against me + +The abstract noun "humiliation" can be expressed with the verb "humiliate." AT: "claim that what has happened to humiliate me proves that I am guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# has caught me in his net + +Job speaks as if God were a hunter that has trapped Job in his net. This metaphor represents God taking control of Job and Job's feeling of helplessness. AT: "has trapped me" or "has taken control of me" or "has control of what happens to me, so that I am helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/07.md b/job/19/07.md index 67a4f676ca..1eca1ecfec 100644 --- a/job/19/07.md +++ b/job/19/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# See -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **See** - The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **I call out to say that I have been done wrong** - "I scream 'Violence'" or "I shout 'Injustice'." Job shouts "Violence" as a short and urgent way of saying "Help me because someone is treating me violently." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **but I am not heard** - AT: "but no one hears me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I call out for help** - "I shout for help" or "I cry for help" -* **but there is no justice** - AT: "no one helps me and gets justice for me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **He has walled up...darkness in my path** - Job uses these images to say that God has made him feel helpless and hopeless. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass** - "God has put a wall on the road that I am walking on" -* **He has stripped...the crown from my head** - Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth and prosperity away from him. "Crown" refers to Job's good reputation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He has stripped me of my glory** - "He has taken away my glory." Job describes his glory as a robe that God has taken off of him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the crown from my head** - "the crown that was on my head" +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" + +# Violence! + +This is a cry for help. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Violence! Help!" or "Help! I am being attacked!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I call out for help + +"I shout for help" or "I cry for help" + +# but there is no justice + +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated with a phrase that makes the meaning clear. AT: "but no one protects me from those who do me wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He has walled up ... darkness in my path + +Job uses these images to describe how God has made him feel helpless and hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass + +"God has put a wall on the road that I am walking on" or "He has blocked the way so I cannot keep going" + +# He has stripped ... the crown from my head + +Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth, and dignity away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has stripped me of my glory + +Job speaks of his glory as if it were a robe that God has taken away. AT: "He has taken away my glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has taken the crown from my head + +The crown refers to Job's dignity or honor. AT: "he has taken away my dignity and honor" or "it is as though he has taken my crown off my head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/10.md b/job/19/10.md index 134a7ed4ae..c2c7135136 100644 --- a/job/19/10.md +++ b/job/19/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# He has broken me down on every side -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **he has broken me down on every side** - Job compares himself to a building that God is smashing. AT: "God destroys me like someone destroys a building." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and I am gone** - "and I am completely destroyed" -* **he has plucked up my hopes like a tree** - Job compares his hopes to a tree that someone pulls out of the ground. AT: "What I wanted most, God has pulled up like a tree." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He has also kindled his wrath against me** - Job compares the anger of God to a fire. AT: "God has also lit a fire of anger against me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he regards me as one of his adversaries** - "God treats me like one of his enemies" -* **His troops come on together** - Job compares the way that God is attacking him to the way that an army attacks a city. AT: "God sends his army to attack me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they cast up siege mounds against me** - The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain. It may describe the way an army piles up dirt against a city wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. AT: "the soldiers pile up dirt in order to climb over my city wall." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and encamp around my tent** - AT: "they camp around my house and prepare the attack." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Job speaks of God ruining him as if Job were building that God is smashing down. AT: "He has ruined me in every way" or "He has attacked me in every way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am gone + +The metaphor "being gone" represents being completely destroyed. AT: "I am completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has plucked up my hopes like a tree + +Job speaks of God causing Job not to have hope as if Job's hope were a tree. Instead of cutting down the tree, God pulled the whole tree with its roots out of the ground. AT: "he has completely taken away all my hope" or "because of what he has done, I can no longer hope for anything good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He has also kindled his wrath against me + +Job speaks of God's wrath as if it were a fire. AT: "God has also lit a fire of anger against me" or "God has also become very angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he regards me as one of his adversaries + +"he thinks of me as an enemy" + +# His troops come on together + +Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God was sending an army to attack it. AT: "God sends his army to attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they cast up siege mounds against me + +Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God's army was piling up dirt against the city wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. AT: "the soldiers pile up dirt in order to climb over my wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# encamp around my tent + +Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was in his tent and God's army was camping around him and preparing to attack him. AT: "they camp around my tent and prepare to attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/13.md b/job/19/13.md index a683ee8818..32f3098228 100644 --- a/job/19/13.md +++ b/job/19/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# He has put my brothers far from me -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **He has put my brothers far from me** - "God caused my brothers to be far away from me." This image means that Job's brothers refuse to help him. AT: "God caused my brothers to refuse to help me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my acquaintances are wholly alienated from me** - "my friends even treat me like they were strangers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **My kinsfolk have failed me** - "My relatives have left me without help" -* **my close friends** - "my intimate friends" -* **have forgotten** - refuse to treat a person according to former deeds and relationship. Job compares forgetting to refusal to help. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Being "far from" someone represents being unwilling to relate to him or help him. AT: "God has caused my brothers to stay away from me" or "God caused my brothers to refuse to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my acquaintances are wholly alienated from me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my acquaintances have alienated themselves from me" or "my friends treat me like a stranger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My kinsfolk have failed me + +"My relatives have left me without help" + +# my close friends + +"my intimate friends" + +# have forgotten me + +"have abandoned me" or "have neglected me." This means that they refuse to treat him according to how he and they had related to each other in the past. It implies that they abandoned him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/15.md b/job/19/15.md index c7633a4df0..d44f4ce6a5 100644 --- a/job/19/15.md +++ b/job/19/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# regard me -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **regard me** - "consider me" -* **I am an alien in their sight** - AT: "they think of me as a foreigner." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in their sight** - "from their perspective" or "in their opinion" Job uses the ability to see to the opinion people have. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my servant** - This was Job's male servant, who was probably highly trusted and dear to Job. -* **but he gives me no answer** - "but he does not answer" -* **although I entreat him with my mouth** - The phrase "with my mouth" refers to speaking. AT: "even though I speak to him and plead with him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **entreat him** - "plead with him" +"consider me" + +# I am an alien in their sight + +Job describes how people now think of him as an outsider. Here sight represents judgement or evaluation. AT: "they think of me as a foreigner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but he gives me no answer + +"but he does not respond to me" or "but he does not come to me." The answer is a response to Job's call. + +# although I entreat him with my mouth + +The phrase "my mouth" is a metonym which refers to Job speaking. AT: "even though I speak to him and plead with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# entreat him + +"plead with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/17.md b/job/19/17.md index 6f3c01dc59..4627e16389 100644 --- a/job/19/17.md +++ b/job/19/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# My breath is offensive to my wife -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **is offensive** - "is repulsive" or "is abhorrent." Job's breath is repulsive because is smell awful. -* **are loathsome** - "are repulsive" or "are offensive" -* **despise me** - "abhor me" or "detest me" -* **if I rise to speak** - "whenever I try to get up" -* **they speak against me** - "they ridicule me" or "they make fun of me" -* **All my familiar friends** - "All my closest friends" or "All of my friends with whom I shared my secrets" -* **abhor me** - "are disgusted by me" -* **have turned against me** - "have betrayed me" +Here "breath" represents the smell of his breath. If something is offensive to someone, it means that he hates it. AT: "My wife hates the smell of my breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who were born from my mother's womb + +Job refers to his brothers and sisters this way to imply that they are people who should love him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "my own brothers who should love me" or "my brothers and sisters who should love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# despise me + +"hate me" or "detest me" + +# they speak against me + +"they ridicule me" or "they make fun of me" + +# All my familiar friends + +"All my closest friends" or "All of my friends with whom I shared my secrets." This refers to his closest friends. + +# abhor me + +"think I am disgusting" + +# have turned against me + +"have betrayed me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/20.md b/job/19/20.md index 615cf79ce0..0dab48cb4b 100644 --- a/job/19/20.md +++ b/job/19/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh** - Job is so thin that his skin and flesh barely cover his bones. -* **I survive only by the skin of my teeth** - AT: "I am barely alive." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Have pity upon me** - "Have compassion on me" -* **for the hand of God has touched me** - "Hand" represents the power and authority of God. AT: "because God has afflicted me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Why do you persecute me...** - AT: "You should not persecute me..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why are you not satisfied with consuming my flesh** - Job uses this image to compare a person who slanders another person with an animal that eats another animal. AT: "Stop violently slandering me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I am just skin and bones" or "My skin sticks to my bones." Job speaks of his bones, skin, and flesh to describe his appearance. He was extremely thin, and people could easily see the shape of his bones. Some languages have idioms for this. + +# I survive only by the skin of my teeth + +This idiom means that he is barely surviving, that he almost does not survive. AT: "I am barely alive" or "I hardly survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Have pity upon me + +"Have compassion on me" + +# for the hand of God has touched me + +Here "touched me" is a metonym for "hit me." And, "hand" represents God's power. Causing Job to suffer is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically hitting him with his hand. AT: "because God has afflicted me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why do you persecute me ... God? + +Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. AT: "Do not persecute me ... God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why are you not satisfied with consuming my flesh? + +Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. AT: "You have consumed my flesh enough!" or "Stop consuming my flesh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why are you not satisfied with consuming my flesh? + +Job speaks of his friends speaking so cruelly to him as if they were wild beasts eating up another animal. AT: "Stop violently slandering me." or "Stop attacking me with your words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/23.md b/job/19/23.md index dd721af434..2311e22c5e 100644 --- a/job/19/23.md +++ b/job/19/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# Oh, that my words were now written down -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **Oh, that my words were now written down** - AT: "I wish that someone would write down my words." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Oh, that they were inscribed in a book** - AT: "I wish that someone would write them in a book." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Oh, that with an iron pen and lead -* "I wish that someone would use an iron chisel and lead to carve them in the rock forever." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **an iron pen** - "an iron chisel." This was a tool made out of hard iron that people used to carve rocks. -* **and lead** - Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They might have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer. +This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. AT: "I wish that someone would write down my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my words + +"what I am saying" + +# Oh, that they were inscribed in a book + +This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. AT: "I wish that someone would write them in a book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Oh, that with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever + +This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. AT: "I wish that someone would use an iron pen and lead to carve them in the rock forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an iron pen + +"an iron chisel." This was a tool used for writing. It was made of iron so that people could carve words in rock. + +# lead + +Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They may have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/25.md b/job/19/25.md index 48dc8b1696..dc3a7af60c 100644 --- a/job/19/25.md +++ b/job/19/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# my Redeemer -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **my Redeemer** - a person who will rescue Job by proving Job's innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice -* **at last** - This refers to the time when the argument about Job's guilt is finally resolved. -* **he will stand** - This refers to the Redeemer standing as a witness or advocate for Job. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **on the earth** - "on the dust" or "on the ground" -* **after my skin...is destroyed** - AT: "after my skin...is gone." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in my flesh** - "in my body" or "with my body alive" -* **on my side** - "as my advocate" or "helping me" -* **not as a stranger** - The Redeemer will act like a friend and will no longer act like a stranger. -* **My kidneys fail within me** - People thought of the kidneys as the source of emotions. As Job looks forward to the day when his redeemer will rescue him, he is overwhelmed by emotion. AT: "I am overwhelmed with emotion as I look forward to that time." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"My Defender." Here "Redeemer" refers to a person who will rescue Job by proving Job's innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice. + +# at last he will stand on the earth + +This refers to standing to speak in court. Possible meanings are 1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. AT: "he will judge whether or not I am guilty" or 2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. AT: "at last he will defend me in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# after my skin ... is destroyed + +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) his body being destroyed by disease or 2) his body decaying after he has died. + +# in my flesh I will see God + +His flesh represents his body, and "in my flesh" represents being alive. AT: "while I live in my body, I will see God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my own eyes—I, and not someone else + +The synecdoche "my own eyes" represents Job. The phrases "my eyes" and "and not someone else" emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# My heart fails within me + +People thought of the heart as being where the emotions are. So the heart failing represents him having very many emotions. AT: "I am very emotional about it" or "My emotions overwhelm me as I think about that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My heart fails within me + +Possible meanings are that 1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or 2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/28.md b/job/19/28.md index 68f4da2072..7a509b4492 100644 --- a/job/19/28.md +++ b/job/19/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## translationNotes +# How we will persecute him! -* Job continues to speak to his three friends. -* **How we will persecute him** - This is also a question requesting ways to make Job suffer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) AT: "How can we make him suffer as much as possible" -* **because the root of the matter is found in him** - AT: "and if you say that I am the cause of my own suffering." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **then be afraid of the sword** - The sword represents God's anger and judgement. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **because wrath brings the punishment** - The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain. Possible meanings are 1) the things that Job's friends have been saying bring punishment or 2) God's anger brings punishment. -* **there is a judgment** - "God punishes sinners" +This is an exclamation. Possible meanings are 1) that they will certainly persecute Job or 2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# The root of his troubles lies in him + +The "root" represents the source. AT: "He is the source of all his troubles" or "He has all these troubles because of what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# then be afraid of the sword + +Possible meanings are that the sword represents 1) God judging them. AT: "then be afraid that God will judge you" or 2) God killing them. AT: "then be afraid that God will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because wrath brings the punishment of the sword + +The abstract nouns "wrath" and "punishment" can be expressed with the adjective "angry" and the verb "punish." Possible meanings are that 1) God's anger results in punishment. AT: "because God will be angry with you and punish you" or 2) the anger of Job's friends results in punishment. AT: "because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# brings + +"causes" or "results in" + +# there is a judgment + +The abstract noun "judgment" can be expressed with the verb "judge." AT: "God judges people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/intro.md b/job/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2cef9bfb56 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Job 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad. + +Verses 25-27 are very important to this book. They show the great depth of Job's faith in Yahweh after his most difficult time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/01.md b/job/20/01.md index 1bc1db54ea..4621455ab2 100644 --- a/job/20/01.md +++ b/job/20/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit]] +Zophar replies to Job. -## translationNotes +# Zophar the Naamathite -* **Zophar the Naamathite** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:job:02:11]]. -* **My thoughts makes me answer quickly because of the worry that is in me** - "I need to speak because you have made me worried" -* **from you** - Here "you" refers to Job. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **but a spirit that is beyond my understanding answers me** - AT: "but I must answer you with my knowledge" or "but I know how to answer you because I understand many things" +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Since this is the second time that Zophar speaks, some translations omit "the Naamathite" here. + +# My thoughts make me answer quickly + +The idea of Zophar's thoughts making him do something represents his strong desire to do something. AT: "I want very much to answer you quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of the worry that is in me + +The abstract noun "worry" can be expressed with the adjective "worried." The reason for the worry can be stated clearly. AT: "because I am very worried about you" or "because I am very worried because of what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I hear a rebuke that dishonors me + +The abstract noun "rebuke" can be expressed with the verb "rebuke." AT: "I hear you rebuke me, and what you say dishonors me" or "You insult me by how you rebuke me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a spirit from my understanding answers me + +Here "spirit" probably refers to a thought or idea. AT: "a thought from my understanding answers me" + +# a spirit from my understanding answers me + +This "spirit" or thought is spoken of as if it were a person that could answer Zophar. AT: "I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know what I wanted to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a spirit from my understanding answers me + +The content of the answer can be stated clearly. AT: "a thought from my understanding answers me about how I can reply to you" or "I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know how I can reply to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a spirit from my understanding answers me + +The abstract nouns "spirit" and "understanding" can be expressed with the verbs "think" and "understand." AT: "because I understand things, I have thought, and now I know how I can reply to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/04.md b/job/20/04.md index d0b9ae9234..180209f5c2 100644 --- a/job/20/04.md +++ b/job/20/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|wicked]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly|godless]] +Zophar continues speaking with Job. -## translationNotes +# Do you not know this fact from ancient times ... for a moment? -* Zophar continues speaking with Job. -* **Do you not know this fact from ancient times** - Zophar uses a question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. AT: "Surely you know what has been true since the ancient times" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the triumph of the wicked is short** - "the wicked person only celebrates for a little while" -* **the joy of the godless lasts only for a moment** - This means the same as the first part of the verse. Zophar means their joy will not continue for a long time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Zophar uses a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you know what has been true since the ancient times ... for a moment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the triumph of a wicked man is short + +The abstract noun "triumph" can be expressed with the verbs "triumph" or "celebrate." AT: "the wicked man triumphs only a short time" or "the wicked person celebrates for only a little while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the joy of a godless man lasts only for a moment + +The abstract noun "joy" can be expressed with the verb "rejoice" or the adjective "happy." The word "moment" is an exaggeration to emphasize that the time is very short. AT: "a godless man rejoices for only a moment" or "the godless man is happy for only a very short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/06.md b/job/20/06.md index 81ee08a4bd..76e5c2bb1a 100644 --- a/job/20/06.md +++ b/job/20/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:dung|feces]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heavens]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish]] +Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Though his height reaches up to the heavens -* Zophar continues speaking to Job. -* **Though his height reaches up to the heavens, and his head reaches to the clouds** - Both of these statements mean the same thing. Zophar speaks about someone who is tall enough to reach the sky to say that this person is very famous and many people in the world know about him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Though his height** - AT: "Though his fame" -* **like his own feces** - Zophar compares the wicked person to feces to emphasize that he will become completely worthless and will disappear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Though the wicked person's height reaches up to the heavens." The abstract noun "height" can be expressed with the adjective "tall." AT: "Though he is as tall as the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Though his height reaches up to the heavens + +The wicked man's height represents either his reputation or his pride. Also, here "reaches up to the heavens" represents being very great. AT: "Though his reputation is great" or "Though his pride is great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his head reaches to the clouds + +"and though his head is as high as the clouds." This also represents his reputation or pride being great. This means the same as the previous phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# will perish permanently like his own feces + +Feces mixes in with the ground and disappears. The reference to feces may also imply that the wicked person is worthless. AT: "will perish permanently like his feces, which completely disappears in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# will perish permanently like his own feces + +If people are embarrassed about the word feces, translators may refer to something else that disappears completely. AT: "will disappear permanently like dust that the wind blows away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/08.md b/job/20/08.md index 551e6ebc65..b17c0015a8 100644 --- a/job/20/08.md +++ b/job/20/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# He will -* Zophar continues speaking to Job. -* **He will** - "The wicked person will" -* **fly away like a dream...like a vision of the night** - Both statements mean the same thing. Zophar is explaining that the wicked person will completely disappear and people will not remember him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and will not be found** - AT: "and no one will be able to find him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he will be chased away** - AT: "he will disappear" -* **The eye that saw** - AT: "The people who saw" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **his place** - AT: "his family" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"The wicked person will" + +# He will fly away like a dream ... he will be chased away like a vision of the night + +Here "fly away" and "be chased away" represent disappearing. They may also imply being forgotten, since dreams and visions disappear when people forget them. AT: "He will disappear like a dream ... he will be forgotten like a vision of the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# will not be found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The eye that saw him + +The eye represents a person. AT: "Anyone who saw him" or "The people who saw him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# his place + +The phrase "his place" represents those who live in his place. AT: "the people who live in his place" or "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/10.md b/job/20/10.md index f1176e24e1..babc6c2780 100644 --- a/job/20/10.md +++ b/job/20/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hands]] +Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# His children -* Zophar continues speaking to Job. -* **His children** - "The wicked person's children" -* **his hands** - Here "hands" refers to the wicked man's children. When he dies his children will to have to return for him everything he took from the poor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **His bones are full of youthful strength** - AT: "For a little while he may be young and strong" -* **but it will lie down with him in the dust** - AT: "but one day he will die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"The wicked person's children" + +# his hands will have to give back his wealth + +Here the word "hands" refers to the wicked man's children. When he dies, his children will have to return everything that he took from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His bones are full of youthful strength + +The word "bones" represents his body. Being "full of youthful strength" represents being strong like a young person. AT: "His body is strong like a young person's body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but it will lie down with him in the dust + +The word "it" refers to his youthful strength. The metonym "lie down ... in the dust" represents dying. The strength dying is a metaphor for disappearing. AT: "but his youthful strength will die with him" or "but his youthful strength will disappear when he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/12.md b/job/20/12.md index 3de11c5904..d5ed17235a 100644 --- a/job/20/12.md +++ b/job/20/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|wickedness]] +Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Although wickedness is sweet in his mouth -* Zophar continues speaking to Job. -* **Although wickedness is sweet in his mouth...the poison of asps inside him** - Zophar describes “wickedness” (or doing evil things) as if it is food that tastes very good, but when wickedness is swallowed and enters into us it becomes poison, like the poison of deadly snakes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **intestines** - AT: "stomach" -* **asps** - AT: "poisonous snakes" +Here "wickedness is sweet" represents a person enjoying doing wicked things. AT: "Although doing wicked things is pleasurable like tasting sweet food in the mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# although he hides ... does not let it go + +This represents wanting to continue to enjoy the wickedness as one wants to continue enjoying tasty food by keeping it in the mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the food in his intestines turns bitter + +When food turns bitter in the stomach, it causes pain and a bitter taste. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the painful consequences of doing wicked things. AT: "those wicked things become like food that has turned bitter in the stomach" or "the consequences of those wicked things are painful like food that becomes sour in the stomach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it becomes the poison of asps inside him + +This image is even worse than sour food in the stomach. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the terrible consequences of doing wicked things. AT: "the consequences of doing those wicked things are painful like the poison of asps inside him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# asps + +poisonous snakes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/15.md b/job/20/15.md index 23b5033cc0..8fa4b14184 100644 --- a/job/20/15.md +++ b/job/20/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/serpent]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# He swallows down riches ... cast them out of his stomach -* Zophar continues speaking to Job. -* **He swallows down riches...cast them out of his belly** - Zophar compares wealth to food. Just like a person who eats too much food will vomit it back up, God will take the wealth from a rich person who stores up things for himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He will suck the poison of asps; the viper’s tongue will kill him** - Zophar says that holding onto wealth is evil, and like poison evil can kill a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **vomit** - when a full stomach throws food back out of the mouth -* **cast** - "throw" -* **belly** - AT: "stomach" -* **suck** - to pull liquid into the stomach by the mouth +Zophar speaks of gaining and losing wealth as if it were food that a person eats and vomits. AT: "The wicked person becomes very wealthy, but he loses his wealth like a person who vomits up his food. God causes him to lose it all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He swallows down riches + +Possible meanings are that "swallows down riches" represents 1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. AT: "The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself" or 2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. AT: "The wicked man steals many riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God will cast them out of his stomach + +Here "cast them out of his stomach" is a metonym for causing the man to vomit them. This is a metaphor for causing the man to lose his riches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cast + +"throw" + +# He will suck the poison of asps + +Here "suck the poison of asps" represents doing evil things. Both are very dangerous. AT: "Doing evil things is like sucking the poison of asps" or "He will do evil things and endanger his life like a person who sucks the poison of asps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# asps + +poisonous snakes + +# the viper's tongue will kill him + +The viper is a poisonous snake. Its tongue represents its poisonous bite. AT: "the viper's poisonous bite will kill him" or "the viper will bite him and he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the viper's tongue will kill him + +The viper represents the man's wickedness. AT: "his wickedness will kill him like a viper's bite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/17.md b/job/20/17.md index 9d75dd654c..e4bf9903b7 100644 --- a/job/20/17.md +++ b/job/20/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/honey]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:labor|labored]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|live]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppressed]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# the streams, the torrents of honey and butter -* Zophar continues speaking to Job. -* **enjoy flowing streams of honey and butter** - The wicked person will not enjoy the good things that God gives his people, even good food. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **streams** - small rivers -* **he will not swallow it down** - AT: "he will not keep it" -* **neglected** - AT: "ignored" +"Streams" and "torrents" are metaphors that represent abundance. "Honey" and "butter" are metonyms that represent the good things that God gives people. AT: "the abundance of good things that God gives his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fruit of his labor + +Normally "the fruit of his labor" simply refers to the results of his labor. In this case it refers to the things the wicked man had stolen. AT: "the things he had worked to get" or "the things he had stolen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will not be able to eat it + +Here "to eat" the fruit of his labor represents enjoying the things he had stolen. AT: "will not be able to enjoy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/20.md b/job/20/20.md index f220e1e009..0c8271f0a1 100644 --- a/job/20/20.md +++ b/job/20/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# There is nothing left that he did not devour -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|known]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:prosper|prosperity]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] +This can be reworded with only one of the negatives. AT: "He devoured everything, and there is nothing left" or "There is nothing left because he devoured everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# There is nothing left that he did not devour -* **There is nothing left that he did not devour** - AT: "He ate everything and used everything he had" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come on him** - Here "hand" means power. AT: "every poor person will come against him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "devour" represents taking things for himself. AT: "There is nothing left that he did not take for himself" or "He took everything for himself, and there is nothing left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will fall into trouble + +"he will suddenly experience trouble" + +# the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come against him + +Here "hand" represents power, and "hand ... will come against him" represents people attacking him. The abstract noun "poverty" can be expressed with the adjective "poor." AT: "everyone who is in poverty will attack him" or "everyone who is poor will attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/23.md b/job/20/23.md index efe5f469c3..cd99a31e0b 100644 --- a/job/20/23.md +++ b/job/20/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terrors]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# to fill his stomach -* Zophar continues speaking to Job. -* **to fill his belly** - "to eat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **God will rain it down on him** - God's punishment will fall upon the wicked man like rain falling on him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **liver** - a large and important human body part, which if shot through with an arrow, the wound would kill the person. +Here "fill his stomach" is a metonym meaning eat a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God will throw the fierceness of his wrath on him + +The "fierceness of his wrath" represents God's anger and punishment. Throwing the punishment on him represents punishing him severely. AT: "God will be angry and throw down his punishment on him" or "God will be angry and punish him severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God will rain it down on him + +"God will cause it to rain down on him." Here "rain it down on him" represents causing much punishment to happen to the man. AT: "God will punish him severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will flee from the iron weapon + +The iron weapon represents the person carrying it. AT: "will flee from the person carrying an iron weapon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a bow of bronze will shoot him + +The bow represents the person who shoots an arrow with it. AT: "someone with a bronze bow will shoot him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# liver + +This is a large and important part of the body. If someone shoots through it with an arrow, the person who is shot will die. + +# terrors come on him + +This represents his suddenly becoming very afraid. AT: "he is terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/26.md b/job/20/26.md index de992014b8..1baad83197 100644 --- a/job/20/26.md +++ b/job/20/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Complete darkness is reserved for his treasures -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heavens]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|rise]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness]] +"Complete darkness" is a metaphor for destruction. AT: "Destruction is reserved for his treasures" or "His treasures will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a fire not fanned will devour him -* **Complete darkness is reserved for his treasures** - "Complete darkness" refers to destruction. AT: "God will cause others to come and destroy his possessions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a fire not fanned will devour him** - AT: "God will cause a fire that will burn him up" -* **The heavens...the earth** - Possible meanings are: 1) those who live in the heavens and the earth (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]), or 2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Here "devour" is a metaphor meaning destroy. AT: "a fire that is not fanned will destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a fire not fanned will devour him + +The phrase "not fanned" implies that no human will start the fire. Rather, God will cause the fire. AT: "a fire that is not started by humans will destroy him" or "God will cause a fire to destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it will consume + +Here "consume" is a metaphor meaning destroy. AT: "the fire will destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The heavens ... the earth + +Possible meanings are: 1) those who live in the heavens and the earth or 2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/28.md b/job/20/28.md index 35e6efcc90..b5d4c8a10f 100644 --- a/job/20/28.md +++ b/job/20/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|wicked]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|heritage]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +This concludes Zophar's speech to Job. -## translationNotes +# vanish -* This concludes Zophar's speech to Job. -* **vanish** - "disappear" or "go away" -* **his goods will flow away** - AT: "his goods will float away as if in a flood" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **portion** - "share" -* **the heritage reserved for him by God** - AT: "this is what God will give to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"disappear" or "go away" + +# his goods will flow away + +Here "flow away" represents being taken away from him. AT: "his goods will be taken away from him, like goods that float away in a flood," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his goods + +"his possessions" + +# the day of God's wrath + +Here "wrath" represents punishment. The abstract noun "wrath" can be expressed with the verb punish. AT: "the day when God punishes people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This is the wicked man's portion from God + +Here "portion from God" represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him. AT: "This is what God has decided should happen to the wicked man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the heritage reserved for him by God + +This represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him as an inheritance. AT: "what God has planned to give to him" or "what God has planned should happen to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/intro.md b/job/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3acad79f1f --- /dev/null +++ b/job/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Zophar's advice ##### +Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God's punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/01.md b/job/21/01.md index 9147842729..e6019cdc2a 100644 --- a/job/21/01.md +++ b/job/21/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Job begins to answer Zophar's accusations. -## translationNotes +# Put up with me -* **Hear diligently my speech** - "Listen carefully to what I am about to say" -* **let this be your consolations** - "let this be how you comfort me." Here "your" is plural and refers to Job's friends. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Suffer me** - "Allow me" -* **mock on** - "you may continue mocking me" +"Allow me" or "Be patient with me" + +# mock on + +"you can continue mocking me." Job is using sarcasm to imply that his friends would ignore what he would say and continue to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/04.md b/job/21/04.md index 02d0aa87ab..1a82ce84c8 100644 --- a/job/21/04.md +++ b/job/21/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:horror]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## translationNotes +# As for me, is my complaint to a person? Why should I not be impatient? -* Job continues speaking to his friends. -* **As for me, is my complaint to a person? Why should I not be impatient?** - Job uses questions to emphasize that he thinks it is fair for him to complain to God. AT: "I am not complaining to a person. I have the right to be annoyed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **and be astonished** - AT: "and let what you see shock you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **lay your hand upon your mouth** - AT: "sit there too amazed to speak" -* **horror takes hold of my flesh** - AT: "I shake with fear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Job uses questions to emphasize that he thinks it is fair for him to complain to God. AT: "I am not complaining to a person. I have the right to be impatient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# lay your hand upon your mouth + +"cover your mouth with your hand." Possible meanings are that 1) this is a response to being astonished. AT: "cover your mouth with your hand" or 2) this is a symbol that the person will not speak. AT: "do not say anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# trembling seizes my body + +"fear causes my body to tremble" or "I shake with fear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/07.md b/job/21/07.md index b8fc546544..75cbc00694 100644 --- a/job/21/07.md +++ b/job/21/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## translationNotes +# Why do wicked people continue to live, become old, and grow mighty in power? -* Job continues speaking to his friends. -* **Why do the wicked continue to live, become old, and grow mighty in power?** - Job uses a question to introduce his speech and to cause his friends to think deeply about what he says. AT: "The wicked person indeed continues to live, becomes old, and becomes wealthier." -* **their offspring are established before their eyes** - This means the same as the first part of the sentence. The wicked person gets to watch his descendants grow strong and wealthy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Their houses** - AT: "Their families" -* **rod of God** - This refers to God's punishment. +Job uses this question to show that his friends are wrong to think evil men always suffer. AT: "Wicked people indeed continue to live, become old, and become wealthier." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Their descendants are established with them in their sight ... their offspring are established before their eyes + +This two clauses mean the same thing and emphasize that this is true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# in their sight ... before their eyes + +These phrases mean the same thing because "eyes" refers to sight. Wicked people get to watch their descendants grow strong and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their houses + +Here "houses" refers to the family members that lives in them. AT: "Their families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rod of God + +This refers to God's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/10.md b/job/21/10.md index b70c8cb848..94d66b47d1 100644 --- a/job/21/10.md +++ b/job/21/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## translationNotes +# does not lose her calf prematurely -* Job continues speaking to his friends. -* **little ones like a flock** - Job compares these children to lambs to emphasize that they run, play, and are happy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **tambourine** - an instrument that a person plays by shaking it with their hand +"she does not miscarry" or "her calf is born healthy and strong" + +# little ones like a flock + +Job compares these children to lambs to emphasize that they run, play, and are happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# tambourine + +a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/13.md b/job/21/13.md index 6c5a6ef473..4fdf8d86ec 100644 --- a/job/21/13.md +++ b/job/21/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Job continues speaking with his friends. -## translationNotes +# their days -* Job continues speaking with his friends. -* **they go down quietly to sheol** - AT: "they die peacefully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **your ways** - This refers to how God wants people to behave. -* **What is the Almighty, that we should worship him? What advantage would we get if we prayed to him?** - The wicked people use these questions to mock God. AT: "We will not worship this Almighty God. He can do nothing for us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"their lifetime" + +# they go down quietly to Sheol + +This is a polite way of saying that they die. AT: "they die peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# your ways + +This refers to how God wants people to behave. + +# What is the Almighty, that we should worship him? What advantage would we get if we prayed to him? + +The wicked people use these questions to mock God. AT: "We do not believe that this Almighty God is worthy of our worship. He can do nothing for us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/16.md b/job/21/16.md index 4e0e86c7e8..5f9c608c0b 100644 --- a/job/21/16.md +++ b/job/21/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## translationNotes +# See, is not their prosperity in their own hands? -* **See, is not their prosperity in their own hands?** - Here "hand" refers to power or control. Job uses a question for emphasis. AT: "Look, these wicked people claim that they make themselves prosper" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The advice of the wicked is far from me** - AT: "But I do not believe what they say" -* **How often is it...How often does it happen** - Job uses three questions to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. AT: "It is not often...It is not often" -* **that the lamp of the wicked** - Job compares the life of the wicked to a lamp that is burning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the lamp of the wicked is put out** - Job compares extinguishing the lamp to a person dying. AT: "that God causes them to die suddenly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they become like stubble before the wind or like chaff that the storm carries away** - AT: "God takes them away like the wind blows away the chaff" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here "hands" refers to their power or control. Job uses this question to challenge his friends. AT: "Look, these wicked people claim that they make themselves prosper!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How often is it ... their calamity comes upon them? + +Job uses this question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. AT: "It is not often ... their calamity comes upon them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the lamp of wicked people is put out + +Job compares extinguishing the lamp to a person dying. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God causes them to die suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the lamp of wicked people + +Job compares the life of the wicked to a lamp that is burning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How often does it happen ... in his anger? + +Job uses this second question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. AT: "It is not often ... in his anger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How often is it ... the storm carries away? + +Job uses this third question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. AT: "It is not often ... the storm carries away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they become like stubble before the wind or like chaff that the storm carries away + +The death of the wicked is spoken of as if they were worthless less chaff and stubble that blows away. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God takes them away like the wind blows away the chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/19.md b/job/21/19.md index 2b3bb1d31c..16189d671f 100644 --- a/job/21/19.md +++ b/job/21/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## translationNotes +# You say -* Job continues speaking to his friends. -* **God lays up one's guilt for his children to pay** - AT: "God keeps a record of a person's sins, then he punishes the person's children for his wicked deeds" -* **Let his eyes see** - AT: "Let him see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty** - Job wants the wicked person to experience God's punishment. Job compares "drink" to "feel" or "experience." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For what does he care about his family after him when the number of his months is cut off?** - Job uses a question for emphasis. AT: "For the wicked man does not care about his family after he has died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These words are added by most versions in order to make it clear that the Job is quoting his friends in the next statement. + +# God lays up one's guilt for his children to pay + +Guilt is spoken of as something that can be stored for later use. Here "to pay" refers to punishment for sin. AT: "God keeps a record of a person's sins, then he punishes the person's children for his wicked deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let him pay it himself + +Job now begins to state his own opinion. It may be helpful to state this explicitly. AT: "But I say, 'Let him pay it himself'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let his eyes see + +Here "eyes" refers to the person. AT: "Let him see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty + +Here the wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a drink that a person can taste, and tasting is a metonymy for experiencing the drink. Job wants the wicked person to experience God's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For what does he care about his family after him when the number of his months is cut off? + +Job uses this question to show that punishing the evil man's children is not effective. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For the wicked man does not care about his family after he has died!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the number of his months is cut off + +This is a polite way of saying that he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the number of his months + +This refers to the length of his life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/22.md b/job/21/22.md index c6bc0af2b1..08701e17b1 100644 --- a/job/21/22.md +++ b/job/21/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## translationNotes +# Can anyone teach God knowledge since he judges even those who are high? -* Job continues speaking to his friends. -* **Can anyone teach God knowledge since he judges even those who are high?** - Job uses a question for emphasis. AT: "Obviously, no one can teach anything to God since he even judges those in heaven." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **One man dies in his full strength** - Job is comparing this man who dies in complete health and peace to the man who dies in sorrow and pain. See how you will translate this in [[:en:bible:notes:job:21:25]] -* **His body is full of milk, and the marrow of his bones is moistened and in good health** - Both of these mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Job asks this question to emphasize that God knows everything. AT: "Obviously, no one can teach anything to God since he even judges those in heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# those who are high + +Possible meanings are 1) "those who are in heaven" or 2) "powerful people." + +# One man dies in his full strength + +Job contrasts this man who dies in health and peace to the man who dies in sorrow and pain in [Job 21:25](./25.md). You can make this explicit. AT: "If there are two men, one may die in his full strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# His body is full of milk + +Both of these mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# His body is full of milk ... the marrow of his bones is moistened and in good health + +Both of these phrases mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# His body is full of milk + +The word for "milk" may mean "fat." Either rendering means he is well-fed. AT: "His body if full of fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the marrow of his bones is moistened and in good health + +This idiom means his body is youthful and healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/25.md b/job/21/25.md index e7f7f058c3..d674874e17 100644 --- a/job/21/25.md +++ b/job/21/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## translationNotes +# Another man dies -* Job continues speaking to his friends. -* **in bitterness of soul** - AT: "with anger and resentment" or "after living a sad life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **They lie down alike in the dust** - AT: "They both die and people bury them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **the worms cover them both** - "and the worms in the dirt eat their dead bodies" +Job contrasts this man to the man who dies in peace in [Job 21:23](./22.md). + +# in bitterness of soul + +Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and "soul" refers to the whole man. AT: "with anger and resentment" or "after living a sad life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# has never experienced anything good + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "has experienced only bad things" + +# They lie down alike in the dust + +This is a polite way to say that they died. AT: "They both die and people bury them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the worms cover them both + +Worms are associated with decay of dead bodies. AT: "the worms in the dirt eat their dead bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/27.md b/job/21/27.md index a62e9eb828..f59bbfaa8c 100644 --- a/job/21/27.md +++ b/job/21/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## translationNotes +# See -* Job continues speaking with his friends. -* **Where now is the house of the prince? Where is the tent in which the wicked once lived?** - Job believes his friends will ask these question in order to scold him. Both questions mean the same thing. AT: "See, the house of the evil ruler is gone. The tent of the wicked man has disappeared." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Job uses this phrase to call attention to the statement that follows. AT: "Listen" + +# Where now is the house of the prince? Where is the tent in which the wicked man once lived? + +Job believes his friends will ask these question to scold him. Both questions mean the same thing. AT: "See, the house of the evil ruler is gone. The tent of the wicked man has disappeared." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/29.md b/job/21/29.md index fa204fe1fe..2dff3f254c 100644 --- a/job/21/29.md +++ b/job/21/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## translationNotes +# Have you never asked traveling people? Do you not know the evidence they can tell ... from the day of wrath? -* **Have you never asked traveling people? Do you not know the evidence they can tell** - Job uses these questions to answer the questions he believes his friends will ask. AT: "You should listen to those who have traveled to distant places. Even they will tell you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **that the wicked man is kept from the day of calamity, and that he is led away from the day of wrath?** - Both of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "that when God brings disaster on a place he spares the wicked person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for not learning from people who travel. AT: "You should listen to those who have traveled to distant places. Even they will tell you ... from the day of wrath." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the wicked man is kept from the day of calamity ... he is led away from the day of wrath + +These phrase mean the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God spares the wicked person when he brings disaster on a place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/31.md b/job/21/31.md index 06259219f2..365ef4e792 100644 --- a/job/21/31.md +++ b/job/21/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## translationNotes +# Who will condemn the wicked man's way to his face? -* **Who will condemn the wicked man’s way to his face? Who will repay him for what he has done?** - Job uses questions to teach his friends and cause them to think deeply about what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to his face** - This means no one will go directly to the wicked person and condemn him personally. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Yet he will be borne** - AT: "Yet people will carry him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The clods of the valley will be sweet to him** - Job imagines that the dead person will even enjoy the dirt that is put on him. This means the wicked person will even have a good death and a nice burial after a fulfilling life. "Clods" refer to the earth that covers the grave. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **all people will follow after him as there were innumerable people before him** - Job emphasizes his idea by including the many before and after this man who will have the same life and death as this imaginary wicked person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +Job uses this question to contradict his friends' belief that the wicked are always judged. AT: "No one condemns the wicked man to his face." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to his face + +This means no one will go directly to the wicked person and condemn him personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Who will repay him for what he has done? + +Job uses this question to contradict his friends' belief that the wicked are always judged. AT: "No one repays him for the bad things that he has done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he will be borne + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will carry him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The clods of the valley will be sweet to him + +Job imagines that the dead person will even enjoy the dirt that is put on him. This means the wicked person will even have a good death and a nice burial after a fulfilling life. "Clods" refer to the earth that covers the grave. AT: "He will enjoy being covered with the dirt of the valley" or "He will enjoy being buried in the dirt of the valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all people will follow after him, as there were innumerable people before him + +Job emphasizes that a large crowd of people will be in the funeral procession of this imaginary wicked man to honor him. AT: "a huge number of people go to the grave site; some go in front of the procession and some come behind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/34.md b/job/21/34.md index 275ece48be..5ef7d9267b 100644 --- a/job/21/34.md +++ b/job/21/34.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] +This concludes Job's speech to his friends. -## translationNotes +# How then do you comfort me with nonsense, since in your answers there is nothing but falsehood? -* This concludes Job's speech to his friends. -* **How then do you comfort me with nonsense, since in your answers there is nothing but falsehood?** - Job uses a question to scold his friends. AT: "You cannot comfort me with nonsense. All of your answers are false." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Job uses a question to scold his friends. AT: "You cannot comfort me with nonsense. All of your answers are false." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/intro.md b/job/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0a7e3bec1d --- /dev/null +++ b/job/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar. It is also a response to all three of his friends in general. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ancestor's sin ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father's sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/01.md b/job/22/01.md index 29ee6cb6d3..b0a759a24c 100644 --- a/job/22/01.md +++ b/job/22/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliphaz the Temanite -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Can a man be useful to God? Can a wise man be useful to him? -* **Eliphaz the Temanite** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:02:11]]. -* **Can a man be useful to God? Can a wise man be useful to him?** - Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that a person's actions or wisdom do not benefit God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous? Is it gain to him if you make your ways perfect?** - Both of these statements mean the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions again for emphasis. AT: "It does not benefit God if you are perfectly righteous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Both questions mean basically the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that a person's actions and wisdom do not benefit God. AT: "A man cannot be useful to God. A wise man cannot be useful to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous? Is it gain to him if you make your ways blameless? + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that Job's actions do not help God. AT: "The Almighty does not receive any pleasure if you are righteous. He does not gain anything if you make your ways blameless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/04.md b/job/22/04.md index b32ba6beb3..1929f37b9d 100644 --- a/job/22/04.md +++ b/job/22/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] +Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Is it because of your reverence for him that he rebukes you and takes you to judgment? Is not your wickedness great? Is there no end to your iniquities? -* Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -* **Is it because of your reverence for him that he rebukes you and takes you to judgment?** - Eliphaz uses a question to scold Job. AT: "God is certainly not punishing you because you have been devoted to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is not your wickedness great? Is there no end to your iniquities?** - Eliphaz uses questions to accuse Job of committing terrible sins (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Eliphaz uses questions to scold Job and accuse him of committing terrible sins. AT: "It is certainly not because you have been devoted to him that God rebukes you and takes you to judgment! No, as you know, he judges you because your wickedness is great and you keep on sinning!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/06.md b/job/22/06.md index af533ee1ac..90cd045c42 100644 --- a/job/22/06.md +++ b/job/22/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# you have demanded guarantee of a loan -* Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -* **you have exacted security** - This refers to a lender taking something from the borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. -* **you have stripped the naked of their clothing** - Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking clothes as security from poor people who borrowed from him. -* **possessed the earth...lived in it** - Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking land from poor people and not allowing them to live on it. He is emphasizing this point by restating it twice. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This refers to a lender taking something from the borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. + +# you have stripped away clothing from the naked + +Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking clothes as security from poor people who borrowed from him. + +# withheld bread + +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "withheld food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# possessed the earth ... lived in it + +Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking land from poor people and not allowing them to live on it. He is emphasizing this point by restating it twice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# possessed the earth + +Eliphaz is exaggerating the amount of land that Job owned in order to portray Job as greedy. AT: "possessed a great amount of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/09.md b/job/22/09.md index f456d8d315..3b228d5ed7 100644 --- a/job/22/09.md +++ b/job/22/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# You have sent widows away empty -* Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -* **You have sent widows away empty** - "You made widows go away with nothing" -* **widows** - women whose husbands have died -* **the arms of the fatherless have been broken** - Here "arms" refer to power. AT: "You even oppressed orphans" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **snares are all around you...there is darkness...an abundance of water** - All of these mean that there are troubles and dangers all around Job because of his sin. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"You made widows go away with nothing" + +# widows + +women whose husbands have died + +# the arms of the fatherless have been broken + +Here "arms" refer to power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you even oppressed orphans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# snares are all around you ... There is darkness ... an abundance of waters covers you + +Each of these metaphors means troubles and dangers are all around Job because of his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an abundance of waters + +"a flood" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/12.md b/job/22/12.md index b6adaa01f9..ea04037182 100644 --- a/job/22/12.md +++ b/job/22/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Is not God in the heights of heaven? -* Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -* **Is not God in the heights of heaven?** - Eliphaz uses a question to remind Job that God is in heaven and sees everything that happens on earth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Look at the height of the stars, how high they are!** - AT: "Look at how high the stars are. God is even high above them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **What does God know? Can he judge through the thick darkness?** - Eliphaz is stating what he believes Job would say. He uses questions for emphasis. AT: "God does not know what happens on earth. He sits in dark clouds and cannot judge us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **he walks on the vault of heaven** - Here "vault" refers to the barrier that ancient people believed separated the earth from heaven. AT: "he lives too far away in heaven to see what happens here" +Eliphaz uses this question to say that God sees Job's sin and will judge him. AT: "God is in the heights of heaven and sees everything that happens on earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Look at the height of the stars, how high they are! + +Eliphaz implies that God is higher than the stars. This can be made explicit. AT: "Look at how high the stars are. God is even higher than the stars!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What does God know? Can he judge through the thick darkness? + +Eliphaz uses these questions to imply that Job has said these things against God. AT: "God does not know what happens on earth. He sits in dark clouds and cannot see to judge us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he walks on the vault of heaven + +Here "vault" refers to the barrier that ancient people believed separated the earth from heaven. AT: "he lives too far away in heaven to see what happens here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/15.md b/job/22/15.md index 3ba148797d..240bf8ee45 100644 --- a/job/22/15.md +++ b/job/22/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Will you keep the old way that wicked men have walked -* Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -* **Will you keep the old way that wicked men have walked** - AT: "Will you continue to do the things that evil people do" -* **those who were snatched away** - AT: "those who died" or "those whom God took away" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **those whose foundations have washed away like a river** - This means the wicked people thought they were safe and secure but God destroyed them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **What can the Almighty do to us?** - Eliphaz quotes the wicked people who use this question to mock God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Doing wicked deeds is compared to walking in a path. AT: "Will you continue to do the things that evil people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who were snatched away + +Dying is compared to God snatching them away. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who died" or "those whom God took away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those whose foundations have washed away like a river + +The death of wicked people is compared to buildings that had their foundations washed away by a flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# What can the Almighty do to us? + +Eliphaz quotes a question wicked people use to mock God. AT: "The Almighty cannot do anything to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/18.md b/job/22/18.md index 1f7fafb3d4..29b47c3c30 100644 --- a/job/22/18.md +++ b/job/22/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/mock]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|wicked]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possessions]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|rose]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous]] +Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Yet he filled -* Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -* **the plans of wicked people are far from me** - AT: "but I will not listen to their wicked plans" -* **see their fate** - AT: "know what will happen to the wicked" -* **laugh them to scorn** - AT: "mock the wicked people" -* **those who rose up against us are cut off** - AT: "God has destroyed those who harmed us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Yet God filled" + +# the plans of wicked people are far from me + +The idiom "far from me" means Eliphaz rejects them. AT: "but I will not listen to their wicked plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# see their fate + +"know what will happen to the wicked" + +# laugh them to scorn + +"mock the wicked people" + +# They say + +"The righteous say" + +# Surely those who rose up against us are cut off + +Here "those who rose up" refers to the wicked people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Surely God has destroyed the wicked people who harmed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/21.md b/job/22/21.md index 9d656ce454..5e88f6f4ca 100644 --- a/job/22/21.md +++ b/job/22/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:beg|beg]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:instruct]] -* [[en:tw:instruct|instruction]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|words]] +Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Eliphaz continue speaking to Job. -* **Now** - Eliphaz uses this word to introduce something important he is about to say. -* **instruction from his mouth** - AT: "the instruction that God has spoken" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **store up his words** - AT: "treasure his commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Eliphaz uses this word to introduce something important he is about to say. + +# instruction from his mouth + +Here "from his mouth" represents what God has spoken. AT: "the instruction that God has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# store up his words + +God's words are compared to treasures that Job could keep in a storeroom. AT: "treasure his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your heart + +Here "heart" refers to Job's thoughts. AT: "your mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/23.md b/job/22/23.md index 350def9c2d..8177480983 100644 --- a/job/22/23.md +++ b/job/22/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# you will be built up -* Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -* **you will be built up** - Eliphaz compares Job's restoration to a person rebuilding a house that has fallen. AT: "he will heal you and make you prosper again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **if you put unrighteousness far away from your tents** - "if you and everyone in your house stops sinning" -* **Lay your treasure down in the dust** - AT: "Let your riches be treated as unimportant as dust". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Ophir** - This is the name of a region famous for its gold. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and the Almighty will be your treasure, precious silver to you** - This means God will be a great joy to Job. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Eliphaz compares Job's restoration to the rebuilding of a house that has fallen. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will heal you and make you prosper again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if you put unrighteousness far away from your tents + +Unrighteousness is pictured as a person who is living in Job's tent who must be removed. AT: "if you and everyone in your house stops sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lay your treasure down in the dust + +To lay a treasure in the dust is to treat it as unimportant. AT: "Consider your riches as unimportant as dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the gold of Ophir among the stones of the brooks + +To put gold in the stream is to treat it as no more valuable than stones. AT: "the gold of Ophir is as worthless as stones in a stream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ophir + +This is the name of a region famous for its gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Almighty will be your treasure, precious silver to you + +This means God will be more valuable to Job than any treasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/26.md b/job/22/26.md index 1656e09e87..d25f0d40e6 100644 --- a/job/22/26.md +++ b/job/22/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|prayer]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# you will lift up your face to God -* Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -* **you will lift up your face to God** - This means Job will no longer be ashamed but will trust in God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **it will be confirmed for you** - AT: "God will cause you to succeed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **light will shine on your ways** - This means God will bless all that Job does. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This means Job will no longer be ashamed but will trust in God. AT: "you will be able to approach God confidently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it will be confirmed for you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will cause you to succeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# light will shine on your paths + +God's blessing is compared to a light on all of Job's paths. AT: "it will be like a light shining on the road in front of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/29.md b/job/22/29.md index 5c9bda6d66..60184949cd 100644 --- a/job/22/29.md +++ b/job/22/29.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|cleanness]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer|rescue]] -* [[en:tw:en/obe/other/proud]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hands]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humbles]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|saves]] +This concludes Eliphaz's speech to Job. -## translationNotes +# the one with lowered eyes -* This concludes Eliphaz's speech to Job. -* **the one with lowered eyes** - AT: "the humble person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **who will be rescued** - AT: "he will rescue you" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **through the cleanness of your hands** - Here "cleanness" refers to innocence and "hands" refers to what a person does. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a man who is innocent** - Some versions read, "Even a man who is not innocent." -* **you will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands** - Some versions read, "He will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands." +Here "lowered eyes" refers to humility. AT: "the humble person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands + +Job being innocent is spoken of as if his hands were physically clean. The phrase "who will be rescued" can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will rescue even the person who is not innocent because you do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands + +Some versions of the Bible read, "He rescues the innocent person; so he will rescue you when your hands are clean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/intro.md b/job/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e64f128db --- /dev/null +++ b/job/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +Eliphaz tries to get Job to repent in this chapter. Eliphaz assumes that he is righteous, while assuming Job is not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/01.md b/job/23/01.md index cd00c53093..a66d2bd16d 100644 --- a/job/23/01.md +++ b/job/23/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Even today my complaint is bitter -* [[en:tw:groan]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Here "Even today" emphasizes that his friends arguments have not changed Job's situation at all. AT: "In spite of what you have said, my complaint is still bitter" -## translationNotes +# my complaint is bitter -* **my complaint is bitter** - AT: "my complaining is as bad ad a bitter taste" or "my complaint is very bad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my suffering is heavier than my groaning** - Other translations may read: "my hand is heavy because of my groaning" or "his hand is heavy despite my groaning." The "heavy hand" is God's punishment that makes Job suffer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Job speaks of his unanswered complaint against God as if it was a bitter taste in his mouth. AT: "my unanswered complaint is as bad as bitter food in my mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my hand ... heavy because of my groaning + +Possible meanings are 1) "I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning" or 2) "God's hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning" where "hand" refers to God's power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/03.md b/job/23/03.md index ed35839e38..1d720ef39a 100644 --- a/job/23/03.md +++ b/job/23/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Oh, that I knew where ... Oh, that I might come -* Job continues speaking. -* **Oh, that I knew where ... Oh, that I might come ...** - These two lines form a parallelism to emphasize Job's desire to go to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I might find him** - AT: "I might find God" -* **I would lay my case ... fill my mouth ...** - These two lines form a parallelism to emphasize Job's desire to talk to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and fill my mouth with arguments** - AT: "and I would speak all of my arguments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I would learn the words ... would understand what ...** - These two lines form a parallelism to emphasize Job's desire to listen to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the words with which he would answer me** - AT: "what he would answer me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job's desire to meet with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I might find him + +"I might find God" + +# lay my case ... fill my mouth + +These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job's desire to explain his situation to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# fill my mouth with arguments + +Here "fill my mouth" refers to speaking. AT: "I would speak all of my arguments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I would learn the words ... would understand + +These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize Job's desire to hear God's answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the words with which he would answer me + +"the answer that he would give me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/06.md b/job/23/06.md index d8b443a41b..0fbad59f05 100644 --- a/job/23/06.md +++ b/job/23/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:acquit]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Would he -* Job continues speaking. -* **Would he** - AT: "Would God" -* **There** - This refers to the place where God is. -* **I would be acquitted forever by my judge** - AT: "my judge would acquit me forever" or "God, who is my judge, would say that I am innocent once and for all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Would God" + +# There + +This refers to the place where God is. + +# I would be acquitted forever by my judge + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my judge would acquit me forever" or "God, who is my judge, would say that I am innocent once and for all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/08.md b/job/23/08.md index 1d40c3b0ac..eafa91d71d 100644 --- a/job/23/08.md +++ b/job/23/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:works]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# eastward ... westward ... north ... south -* **eastward ... westward ... north ... south** - By mentioning these four directions, Job emphasizes that he has looked everywhere. +By mentioning these four directions, Job emphasizes that he has looked everywhere. + +# where he hides himself + +Job speaks of God as if he is a person who hides. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/10.md b/job/23/10.md index 69edb8adc9..433700f576 100644 --- a/job/23/10.md +++ b/job/23/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# he knows the way that I take -* Job continues speaking. -* **he knows the way that I take** - AT: "God knows what I do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will come out like gold** - Job believes that the test will prove that he is as valuable as gold. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **My foot has held fast to his steps** - AT: "I have followed closely behind him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I have kept to his way** - AT: "I have done what he told me to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **turned not aside** - AT: "followed it precisely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **of his lips** - AT: "that he spoke" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I have treasured up in my heart** - AT: "I constantly think of" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the words of his mouth** - AT: "what he said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Job's actions are spoken of as if he is walking on a path. AT: "God knows what I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will come out like gold + +Job believes that the test will prove that he is as pure as refined gold. AT: "he will see that I am as pure as gold when anything not pure has been burned away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# My foot has held fast to his steps + +Here "My foot" refers to Job. AT: "I have followed the path he has shown me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I have kept to his way + +Job's obedience is spoken of as if he is walking in a path that God showed him. AT: "I have done what he told me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turned not aside + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "followed it exactly" + +# I have not gone back from + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I have always obeyed" + +# of his lips + +This phrase refers to the message that God spoke. AT: "that he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the words of his mouth + +Here God is represented by his "mouth." AT: "what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/13.md b/job/23/13.md index 3612a8035b..be60ddeee2 100644 --- a/job/23/13.md +++ b/job/23/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# But he is one of a kind, who can turn him back? -* **But he is one of a kind** - AT: "But no one can change him." This can also be translated as: "But God is one" or "But he alone is God." -* **who can turn him back?** - The implicit answer is: "no one." AT: "nobody can make him change his mind" or "no one can influence him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What he desires, he does** - AT: "What he wants is what he accomplishes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **there are many them** - AT: "he has many plans for me" +Job uses this question to emphasize that there is no one like God and no one can force him to change. AT: "But there is no one like him, and nobody can make him change his mind." or "But he alone is God, and no one can influence him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What he desires, he does + +"He does whatever he wants to do" + +# he carries out his decree against me + +"he is doing to me what he said he would do" + +# there are many like them + +"he has many similar plans for me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/15.md b/job/23/15.md index f59544afdc..18975c036f 100644 --- a/job/23/15.md +++ b/job/23/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Job continues speaking. Each verse in this chunk has the form of a parallelism to emphasize the main point Job makes there. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For God has made my heart weak** - AT: "For God has made me weak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the Almighty has terrified me** - This means the same as the first part of the sentence. They emphasize how scared Job is of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **It is not that I have been cut off by darkness** - "I have not been destroyed by darkness" or "It is not darkness that has cut me off" AT: "God has cut me off, not the darkness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **nor does the thick darkness cover my face** - AT: "nor am I cut off because the thick darkness covers my face" or "nor does the thick darkness cover my face, but God has cut me off" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **my face** - AT: "me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Each of these verses has the form of a parallelism to emphasize the main point Job makes there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For God has made my heart weak; the Almighty has terrified me + +These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Job is very afraid of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# made my heart weak + +A person whose heart is weak is a person who is timid or fearful. AT: "made me afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have not been brought to an end by darkness + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent" or 2) AT: "Darkness has not stopped me" or "God has stopped me, not the darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the gloom of my face + +Here Job refers to himself by his "face." AT: "my sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/intro.md b/job/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be9991c099 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Job 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Court ##### +This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job's "case," which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/01.md b/job/24/01.md index f4768c8f4d..1ef524bd63 100644 --- a/job/24/01.md +++ b/job/24/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Why are times for judging wicked people not set by the Almighty? -* Job continues speaking. -* **Why are times for judging wicked people not set by the Almighty?** - AT: "I do not understand why God does not set a time when he will judge wicked people" or "The Almighty should set a time when he will judge wicked people" -* **Why do not those who are faithful to God see his days of judgment come?** - AT: "It seems that those who obey him never get to see when him judge the wicked" or "God should show the day he will judge the wicked to those who know him. +Job uses this question to express his frustration that God has not judged evil. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I do not understand why God does not set a time when he will judge wicked people." or "The Almighty should set a time when he will judge wicked people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Why do not those who are faithful to God see his days of judgment come? + +Job uses this question to express his frustration that the righteous have not seen God judge evil. AT: "It seems that those who obey him never get to see him judge the wicked." or "God should show the day he will judge the wicked to those who know him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/02.md b/job/24/02.md index 8ddcfaad07..55f41a427f 100644 --- a/job/24/02.md +++ b/job/24/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# boundary markers -* Job continues speaking. -* **boundary markers** - These are stones or other objects to mark the boundary between the lands owned by different people. -* **pastures** - "grass fields" or "grazing grounds" -* **They drive away** - "They steal" -* **those without fathers** - "the orphans" AT: "children whose parents have died" -* **widow** - a woman whose husband has died -* **as security** - A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. +These are stones or other objects to mark the boundary between the lands owned by different people. + +# pastures + +"grass fields" or "grazing grounds" + +# They drive away + +"They steal" + +# those without fathers + +"orphans" or "children whose parents have died" + +# they take the widow's ox as security + +"they take widows' oxen to guarantee that the widows will pay back the money that they loaned to those widows" + +# widow + +a woman whose husband has died + +# as security + +A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. + +# out of their path + +"out of their way" or "off the road" + +# poor people of the earth all hide themselves + +The word "all" is an exaggeration to show that many poor people are afraid of these wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/05.md b/job/24/05.md index 71eddf99ff..9cd62b3ab6 100644 --- a/job/24/05.md +++ b/job/24/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Arabah]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# these poor people go out to their work like wild donkeys in the wilderness, looking carefully for food -* Job continues speaking. -* **like wild donkeys** - This compares poor people to donkeys who go out to graze but do not know where they will find food. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **wild donkeys** - AT: "untrained donkeys" or "donkeys that no one owns" -* **Poor people reap in the night ... they glean grapes ...** - These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to describe how hungry these people are. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They lie naked ... they have no covering ...** - These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to describe how vulerable these people are. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These poor people are spoken of as if they are wild donkeys who do not know where they will find food. AT: "these poor people go out to search for food as if they were wild donkeys in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# wild donkeys + +"donkeys that no one owns or cares for" + +# Poor people reap in the night ... they glean grapes + +These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people are so hungry that they are forced to steal food at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They lie naked ... they have no covering + +These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people do not have enough clothing to keep warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/08.md b/job/24/08.md index 2308b930b8..f5af339ba3 100644 --- a/job/24/08.md +++ b/job/24/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# They are wet with the showers of the mountains -* **with the showers of the mountains** - AT: "with the rain that falls on the mountains" -* **from their mothers' breast** - AT: "out of their mothers' arms" or "from their mothers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **They go about** - "They walk around" -* **naked without clothing** - These two words describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize the poverty of these people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **they carry others’ sheaves of grain** - This means their work will provide food for others but not for themselves. +"They become wet when it rains in the mountains" + +# orphans from their mothers' breast + +Here "breast" refers to the mother. This implies that these orphans are still very young. This can be made explicit. AT: "young orphans out of their mothers' arms" or "fatherless infants from their mothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# orphans + +This generally refers to children without parents. Here, however, it is used for children who have mothers but do not have fathers. + +# take children as security from poor people + +"take poor people's children to guarantee that the poor people will pay back money that they borrowed from the wicked people" + +# as security + +A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. See how you translated this in [Job 24:3](./02.md). + +# go about + +"walk around" + +# naked without clothing + +The words "without clothing" mean the same thing as "naked." AT: "completely naked" or "naked because they have no clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they carry others' sheaves of grain + +This means their work will provide food for others but not for themselves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/11.md b/job/24/11.md index 0414f075f6..8d4ac7f130 100644 --- a/job/24/11.md +++ b/job/24/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:groan]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# The poor people make oil -* **They make oil** - "They" refers to the poor people mentioned in the previous chunk. -* **within the walls of these wicked men** - AT: "in the houses of these evil men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they themselves suffer thirst** - "they suffer from thirst" AT: "they are thirsty" +they squeezed olives in order to extract olive oil from them + +# within the walls of those wicked men + +Here "walls" refers to the whole house. AT: "in the houses of those evil men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they tread the wicked men's winepresses + +It may be helpful to state that they do this to produce juice to make wine. AT: "they tread on grapes to make juice for wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they themselves suffer thirst + +"they suffer from thirst" or "they are thirsty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/13.md b/job/24/13.md index 713ebc8605..eb6c1b17f6 100644 --- a/job/24/13.md +++ b/job/24/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:thief]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# rebel against the light -* Job continues speaking. -* **rebel against the light** - Possible meanings of "light" are 1) visible light or 2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. AT: "hate the daylight" or "do not want to do things openly" or "they rebel against God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they know not its ways, nor do they stay in its paths** - These two lines describe the same thing, and are used together to emphasize that they do not want to follow the ways of the light. AT: "they do not know how to live a moral life; they stay far away from living a righteous life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **rises with the light** - AT: "wakes up when the sun comes up" -* **the poor and needy** - These two words refer to the same group and are used together to emphasize that the murderer kills many people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **he is like a thief** - AT: "he kills people secretly, just like a tief steals secretly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Possible meanings of "light" are 1) visible light or 2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. AT: "hate the daylight" or "do not want to do things openly" or "rebel against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they know not its ways, nor do they stay in its paths + +These two lines describe the same thing, and are used together to emphasize that they do not want to follow the ways of the light. AT: "they do not know how to live a moral life; they stay far away from living a righteous life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# poor and needy people + +The words "poor" and "needy" refer to the same group of people and emphasize that these are people who are unable to help themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# he is like a thief + +The murderer kills in secret just like a thief steals without anyone seeing what he does. AT: "he kills people secretly, just like a thief steals secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/15.md b/job/24/15.md index 35c9fdd274..8832434883 100644 --- a/job/24/15.md +++ b/job/24/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# the eye of the adulterer -* Job continues speaking. -* **the eye of the adulterer** - AT: "the adulterer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **for the twilight** - "for the sunset" -* **No eye will see me** - AT: "No one will see me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **For the morning is to all of them like thick darkness** - For the wicked, the light of the morning means the same thing as thick darkness means for normal people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **with the terrors of the thick darkness** - AT: "with the scary things that happen at night" +Here "eye" refers to the whole person. AT: "the adulterer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for the twilight + +"for the sunset" + +# No eye will see me + +Here "eye" refers to the whole person. AT: "No one will see me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# wicked people dig into houses + +They dig into the houses in order to steal from them. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "wicked people dig into houses to steal from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they shut themselves up + +"they hide inside" + +# For all of them, thick darkness is like the morning + +The thick darkness is as comfortable for the wicked as light of the morning is for normal people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the terrors of thick darkness + +"the scary things that happen at night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/18.md b/job/24/18.md index 37effe945e..32014c8c44 100644 --- a/job/24/18.md +++ b/job/24/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:snow]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# like foam on the surface of the waters -* **like foam on the surface of the waters** - This emphasizes how quickly God will cause the wicked to disappear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **their portion of the land is cursed** - AT: "God curses the part of the land that they own" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Drought and heat consume ... those who have sinned** - Job compares the fact that snow waters disappear when it becomes warm to how sinners will disappear in sheol. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Drought and heat** - These two words describe essentially the same weather and are used together to describe it fully. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **consume ... consumes** - "tear away ... tears away" or "destroy ... destroys" +Foam lasts only a short time. This emphasizes how quickly God will cause the wicked to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their portion of the land is cursed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God curses the part of the land that they own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# As drought and heat melt away ... those who have sinned + +Job says that sinners will disappear in Sheol in the same way as snow melts and disappears when it becomes warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# drought and heat + +These two words describe essentially the same weather and are used together to describe it fully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/20.md b/job/24/20.md index 2bde543a9f..5bd8b124aa 100644 --- a/job/24/20.md +++ b/job/24/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# The womb -* Job continues speaking -* **The womb** - AT: "The woman" or "The mother" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the worm will feed sweetly on him** - AT: "the worm will enjoy eating his dead body" or "he will die and then his body will be eaten by worms" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he will be remembered no more** - AT: "no one will remember him anymore" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **wickedness will be broken like a tree** - Just like a tree that is snapped by a strong wind, or cut down by a person, cannot be put togehter, so God will break wickedness. AT: "God will destroy the wicked like a tree that is broken" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **The wicked one devours** - AT: "Just like a wild animal kills its prey, so the wicked person harms" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **widow** - a woman whose husband has died +This refers to the mother. AT: "The mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the worm will feed sweetly on him + +This means that he will die and worms will eat his body. AT: "the worm will enjoy eating his dead body" or "he will die and then his body will be eaten by worms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will be remembered no more + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will remember him anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wickedness will be broken like a tree + +God's destruction of the wicked man is describes as if he were cutting down a tree. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will destroy the wicked as if he were a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The wicked one devours + +This metaphor emphasizes how ruthless the wicked man is. AT: "Just like a wild animal kills its prey, so the wicked person harms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the barren women who have not borne children + +The people of that day considered that a woman who was barren was cursed by God. Therefore, this represents the most unfortunate women. + +# widow + +a woman whose husband has died \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/22.md b/job/24/22.md index c2bba0863c..6030b35013 100644 --- a/job/24/22.md +++ b/job/24/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# by his power -* **by his power** - AT: "by using his power" or "because he is powerful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he rises up and does not strengthen them in life** - AT: "God rises up and does not give wicked people the strenght to live" -* **but his eyes are on their ways** - AT: "but he is always watching what they do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"by using his power" or "because he is powerful" + +# he rises up and does not strengthen them in life + +Here "does not strengthen them in life" means God does not keep them alive. AT: "God rises up and does not give wicked people the strength to live" or "God rises up and causes them to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# but his eyes are on their ways + +Here "eyes" refers to God. AT: "but he is always watching what they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/24.md b/job/24/24.md index 7a1bc3b55f..3f2a76547d 100644 --- a/job/24/24.md +++ b/job/24/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] +This concludes Job's speech. -## translationNotes +# they will be brought low -* This concludes Job's speech. -* **they will be brought low** - AT: "God will bring them low" or "God will destroy them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they will be gathered up like all the others** - AT: "people will gather them up like they gathered up the other wicked people." Other translations may have: "they disappear like weeds wither and die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_textvariants]]) -* **they will be cut off like the tops of the ears of grain** - AT: "God will cut them off like a farmer cuts off the top of a stalk of grain" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **If it is not so, who can prove me to be a liar; who can make my speech worth nothing?** - The implicit answer is: "no one." AT: "This is true, no one can prove that I am a liar; no one can prove me wrong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bring them low" or "God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will be gathered up like all the others + +Some translations are based on a different early text, which says "they wither and fade like weeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# they will be gathered up like all the others + +This can be stated in active form. What "the others" refers to can be stated clearly. AT: "God will gather them up as he gathered up the other wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they will be cut off like the tops of ears of grain + +These wicked people will be cut off in the same way heads of grain are cut off during harvest. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will cut them off like a farmer cuts off the top of a stalk of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If it is not so, who can prove me to be a liar; who can make my speech worth nothing? + +Job uses this question to express the certainty of his argument. The implicit answer is: "no one." AT: "This is true, and no one can prove that I am a liar; no one can prove me wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# make my speech worth nothing + +"prove what I say is wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/intro.md b/job/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc891243c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. It is a continuation of the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Court ##### +This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job's "case," which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/25/01.md b/job/25/01.md index 4809b1633d..f2dca00181 100644 --- a/job/25/01.md +++ b/job/25/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Bildad the Shuhite -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). -## translationNotes +# Dominion and fear are with him -* **Bildad the Shuhite** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:02:11]]. -* **Dominion and fear are with him** - AT: "Dominion and fear are with God" or "God rules over all, and people should fear only him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **in his high places of heaven** - AT: "in heaven" or "in the high heaven" -* **Is there any end to the number of his armies?** - The implicit answer is "no." This also refers to the armies of God's angels. AT: "There is no end to the number of angels in his army" or "His armies are so big that no one can count them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Upon whom does his light not shine?** - AT: "Who can hide from his attention?" or "Nor is there anyone upon whom his light does not shine" or "God makes his light shine over everyone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here "him" refers to God. The abstract nouns "dominion" and "fear" can be stated as verbs. AT: "God rules over all and people should fear only him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he makes order in his high places of heaven + +"he makes peace in the high heaven" + +# Is there any end to the number of his armies? + +Bildad uses this question to emphasize how great God is. The implicit answer is "no." This refers to the armies of God's angels. AT: "There is no end to the number of angels in his army." or "His armies are so big that no one can count them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Upon whom does his light not shine? + +Bildad uses this question to emphasize that God gives light to every person. AT: "There is no one upon whom his light does not shine." or "God makes his light shine over everyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/25/04.md b/job/25/04.md index a6b94705ff..5d05328573 100644 --- a/job/25/04.md +++ b/job/25/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Bildad continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# How then can man ... God? How can he who is born ... him? -* Bildad continues speaking. -* **How then can man ... How can he who is born ...** - These two questions are used together to emphasize the impossibility of a man being good enough for God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **How then can man be righteous with God?** - The implicit reaction is that he cannot. AT: "A man can never be righteous for God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **How can he who is born ... acceptable to him?** - The implicit reaction is that he cannot. AT: "He who is born of a woman cannot be clean or acceptable to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **clean, acceptable to him** - AT: "clean—that is, acceptable to him" -* **he who is born of a woman** - AT: "any man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **See** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **the moon has no brightness to him** - AT: "the moon is not bright enough for God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **the stars are not pure in his sight** - AT: "he does think even the stars are perfect" -* **How much less man ... a son of man ...** - These two lines say the same thing and are used together to emphasize that man is not perfect. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **who is a worm** - Bildad compares human beings to worms. AT: "who is as worthless as a worm" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a son of man** - AT: "a man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two questions are used together to emphasize that it is impossible for a man to be good enough before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How then can man be righteous with God? + +The implicit reaction is that he cannot. AT: "A man can never be righteous before God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can he who is born ... acceptable to him? + +The implicit reaction is that he cannot. AT: "He who is born of a woman cannot be clean or acceptable to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he who is born of a woman + +This idiom includes everyone. AT: "any person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# See + +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" + +# the moon has no brightness to him + +The abstract noun "brightness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the moon is not bright enough for God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the stars are not pure in his sight + +Here "pure" means "perfect." AT: "he does not think even the stars are perfect" + +# How much less man ... a son of man, who is a worm + +These two lines say the same thing and are used together to emphasize that man is not perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# who is a worm + +Bildad states that human beings are as worthless as worms. AT: "who is as worthless as a worm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a son of man + +This is another way of referring to a person. AT: "a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/25/intro.md b/job/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4049c9ea74 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's holiness and man's sin ##### +Bildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man's sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/01.md b/job/26/01.md index d957d38998..1a1fc76dbb 100644 --- a/job/26/01.md +++ b/job/26/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# How you have helped one ... the arm that has no strength -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +In these statements, Job is accusing Bildad. The word "one" refers to Job. And, the word "arm" represents the whole person. AT: "I am powerless and have no strength, but you act like you have helped me; but really, you have not helped me at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# How you have advised one who has no wisdom and announced to him sound knowledge -* **How you have helped one ... the arm that has no strength!** - In these statements, Job is accusing Bildad. The word "one" refers to himself. AT: "I am powerless and have no strength, but you act like you have helped me--but really, you have not helped me at all!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **the arm that has no strength** - Job uses this phrase to describe himself. AT: "me, who is like an arm that has no strength" or "the one who is so weak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **How you have advised on who has no wisdom and announced to him sound knowledge!** - Job is saying that Bildad has not provided him with good advice and knowledge. AT: "You act like I have no wisdom and that you have advised me, that you have given me good advice!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **announced to him sound knowledge** - "given him good advice" -* **Who helped you to say ...? Whose spirit was it ...?** - In these questions Job continues to mock Bildad. They are both rhetorical questions and have basically the same meaning. They are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "You must have had help speaking these words, perhaps some spirit helped you speak them!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Job is saying that Bildad has not provided him with good advice and knowledge. AT: "You act like I have no wisdom and that you have advised me, that you have given me good advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# announced to him sound knowledge + +"given him good advice" + +# With whose help have you spoken these words? Whose spirit was it ... you? + +In these questions Job continues to mock Bildad. They are both rhetorical questions and have basically the same meaning. They are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "You must have had help speaking these words. Perhaps some spirit helped you speak them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/05.md b/job/26/05.md index 67f8f49366..94f00bc4ef 100644 --- a/job/26/05.md +++ b/job/26/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The dead -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This refers to dead people. AT: "Those who are dead" or "The spirits of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# tremble -* **Those who are deceased, the shades,** - AT: "The dead" or "Those who have died" -* **those inhabitants** - "those who live" or "they live" -* **Sheol is naked before God; destruction itself has no covering ...** - These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. To be "naked" or have "no covering" is to be completely exposed and not able to hide anything. AT: "It is like Sheol is naked before God, for nothing in Sheol, the place of destruction, is hidden from God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **destruction** - This is another name for Sheol. AT: "the place of destruction" +They tremble because they are afraid of God. This can be stated clearly. AT: "tremble in fear" or "tremble in fear of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who are beneath the waters + +This refers to the dead people who tremble. + +# all who dwell in them + +This refers to the dead people who dwell in the waters. + +# Sheol is naked before God; destruction itself has no covering + +Sheol is spoken of as if it were a person. These two phrases have the same meaning. To be "naked" or have "no covering" is to be completely exposed and not able to hide anything. AT: "It is like sheol is naked before God, for nothing in sheol, the place of destruction, is hidden from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# destruction + +This is another name for sheol. AT: "the place of destruction" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/07.md b/job/26/07.md index ecc74c2d99..2b80eb3380 100644 --- a/job/26/07.md +++ b/job/26/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He stretches out the northern skies over the empty space -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The northern skies represent heaven, the place where God dwells with the beings he created to dwell there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He binds up the waters in his thick clouds -* **He stretches out the north** - AT: "He stretches out the north side of the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **binds up** - To "bind up" means to gather something and tie it together. -* **but the clouds are not torn under them.** - The word "them" refers to the "waters". AT: "but the weight of the waters do not burst the clouds" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The clouds are compared to a large blanket in which God wraps the rainwater. AT: "He wraps up the water in his thick clouds" + +# but the clouds are not torn under them + +This can be stated actively. The word "them" refers to the waters. AT: "but the weight of the waters does not tear the clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/09.md b/job/26/09.md index d06c75a604..6be71f7c5d 100644 --- a/job/26/09.md +++ b/job/26/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# and spreads his clouds on it -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +This phrase tells how he covers the surface of the moon. AT: "by spreading his clouds in front of it" -## translationNotes +# He has engraved a circular boundary on the surface of the waters -* **He encloses the face of the moon** - "He covers the face of the moon" -* **He has engraved a circular boundary** - "He has drawn a circle" or "He has placed a circular horizon" +This speaks of the horizon, where the earth appears to meet the sky, as if God has marked a boundary on the ocean. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/11.md b/job/26/11.md index 49019f7947..85e54939ea 100644 --- a/job/26/11.md +++ b/job/26/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his rebuke -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:tremble]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +People thought of heaven or the sky as resting on pillars. Job speaks as though the pillars are humans that shake in fear when God is angry. AT: "The pillars that hold up heaven shake in fear when God rebukes them" or "The pillars that hold up the sky shake like people who are afraid when God rebukes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# he shattered Rahab -* **Rahab** - The word "Rahab" here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **pillars of heaven** - Here "pillars of heaven" refers to the force that holds up the sky. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"he destroyed Rahab" + +# Rahab + +This is the name of a frightening monster that lived in the sea. See how you translated this in [Job 9:13](../09/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/13.md b/job/26/13.md index 165351f370..abc3f932b1 100644 --- a/job/26/13.md +++ b/job/26/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# By his breath he made the skies clear -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +The noun "breath" can be translated with the verb "breathe" or "blow." This image represents God causing the wind to blow away the clouds. AT: "God blew away the clouds so that the skies were clear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# his hand pierced the fleeing serpent -* **By his breath, he cleared** - AT: God breathed and cleared" -* **he cleared the heavens of storms; the heavens were cleared of storms;** - These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "he cleared the heavens of storms" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **fleeing** - trying to escape -* **See, these are** - The word "these" refers to the powerful things that God has done. -* **Who can understand the thunder of his power** - AT: "No one can understand the greatness of his power!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +It is implied that God his holding a sword, and here "his hand" represents that sword. Also, "pierced" represents killing. AT: "With his sword he pierced the fleeing serpent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fleeing serpent + +"the serpent as it was trying to escape from him." This refers to Rahab, the monster in the sea. See [Job 26:12](./11.md). + +# See, these are but the fringes of his ways + +Here "fringes" represents a small part that we can see of something that is much bigger. AT: "See, these things that God has done show only a small part of his great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how small a whisper do we hear of him! + +This is an exclamation that expresses Job's amazement of all the great things that God does that we do not even know about. Seeing what God does is spoken of as hearing God's voice. AT: "it is as if we heard only his quiet whisper!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# Who can understand the thunder of his power? + +The "thunder of his power" represents God's greatness. Job uses this question to emphasize that God's power is so great that no one can understand it. AT: "The thunder displays the greatness of his power which no one can understand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/intro.md b/job/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14e6ee2cb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Job 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad. + +This chapter begins a section continuing through chapter 31. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +While Bildad describes Yahweh's power as being so much greater than Job's, Job understands the true extent of Yahweh's power. It is not just over Job's life, but over all of creation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Sarcasm ##### +Job uses sarcasm in this chapter. This is the use of irony to insult Bildad. (See: [Job 1-4](./01.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/01.md b/job/27/01.md index e65354c2d2..237913d587 100644 --- a/job/27/01.md +++ b/job/27/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# As surely as God lives -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +This phrase shows that Job is taking an oath. Job compares the certainty that God is alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I swear by God" -## translationNotes +# has taken away my justice -* **for as long as my life is yet in me** - AT: "for as long as I am alive" -* **nostrils** - AT: "nose" +Justice is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away or given. Taking it away represents refusing to treat Job with justice. AT: "has refused to treat me justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# made my life bitter + +Job's "life" being bitter represents Job feeling resentful toward God. AT: "has caused me to become resentful" or "has made me feel angry because of the unfair way he has treated me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# while my life is yet in me + +This refers to the duration of the rest of his life. AT: "during the whole time that my life is yet in me" or "as long as my life is yet in me" + +# while my life is yet in me + +The abstract noun "life" can be expressed with the adjective "alive" or the verb "live." AT: "as long as I am still alive" or "while I still live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the breath from God is in my nostrils + +"Breath ... in my nostrils" represents being able to breathe. "Breath from God" represents God making him able to breathe. AT: "God enables me to breathe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nostrils + +"nose" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/04.md b/job/27/04.md index 613f149ccc..918bf7eebb 100644 --- a/job/27/04.md +++ b/job/27/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My lips will not speak wickedness, neither will my tongue speak deceit -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that he will not speak in such ways. The phrases "My lips" and "my tongue" represent Job himself. AT: "I will not speak wickedness or deceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# speak wickedness ... speak deceit -* **surely my lips will not speak ... neither will my tongue speak ...** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. When it says "my lips" and "my tongue," Job is referring to himself. AT: "Surely I will not speak unrighteousness or deceit." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **unrighteousness ... deceit** - AT: "unrighteous words ... deceitful words" -* **that you are right** - The word "you" here is plural. It refers to Job's friends. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **deny** - AT: "give up" +The abstract nouns "wickedness" and "deceit" can be expressed with "wickedly" and "deceitfully." AT: "speak wickedly ... speak deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will never admit that you three are right + +"I will never agree with you and say that you three are right" + +# that you three are right + +The word "you" here is plural. It refers to Job's friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I will never deny my integrity + +"I will never say that I am not innocent" or "I will always say that I am innocent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/06.md b/job/27/06.md index 2b61a9b828..d597cdafba 100644 --- a/job/27/06.md +++ b/job/27/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I hold fast to my righteousness -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Here "hold fast" is a metaphor that represents being determined to continue to say something. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be expressed with "righteous." AT: "I am determined to continue saying that I am righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# will not let it go -* **my thoughts** - This may also be translated "my heart". -* **Let my enemy be ... let him who rises up against me be ...** - These two clauses share the same meaning in order to provide emphasis through repetition. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "will not let it go" is a metaphor that represents not stopping saying something. AT: "will not stop saying that I am righteous" or "will not stop saying so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my thoughts will not reproach me + +Here the phrase "my thoughts" represents Job. AT: "even in my thoughts, I will not reproach myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let my enemy be ... let him who rises up against me be + +The two clauses that start with these words share the same meaning. They are used together to emphasize Job's strong desire that this should happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Let my enemy be like a wicked man + +How he wants his enemy to be like a wicked person can be stated clearly. AT: "Let my enemy be punished like a wicked man" or "Let God punish my enemy as he punishes wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let him who rises up against me be like an unrighteous man + +How he wants this person to be like an unrighteous man can be stated clearly. AT: "let him who rises up against me be punished like an unrighteous man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# him who rises up against me + +Here "rises up against me" is a metaphor meaning "opposes me." The whole phrase refers to Job's adversary. AT: "him who opposes me" or "my adversary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/08.md b/job/27/08.md index 6a336d1359..4ed388499f 100644 --- a/job/27/08.md +++ b/job/27/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For what is the hope of a godless man when ... when God takes away his life? -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +Job uses this question to say that such a man has no hope. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "There is no hope for the godless when God ... takes away his soul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# when God cuts him off, when God takes away his life -* **For what is the hope of the godless when God cuts him off, when God takes away his life?** - AT: "There is no hope for the godless when God cuts off his life, when God takes away his soul." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the godless** - AT: "the godless man" -* **when God cuts off his life, when God takes away his soul** - These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "when God takes away his life" or "when God causes him to die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him?** - AT: "God will not hear his cry when trouble comes upon him." or "When trouble comes upon him, God will not hear his cry for help." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will he delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times?** - AT: "He will not delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times." or "He will not be happy about what the Almighty does and he will not pray to God often." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These two phrases have the same meaning. AT: "when God cuts him off and takes away his life" or "when God causes him to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# cuts him off + +This is a metaphor meaning "kills him" or "causes him to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# takes away his life + +This is a metaphor meaning "kills him" or "makes him stop living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him? + +Job uses this question to say that God will not help that person. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "God will not hear his cry when trouble comes upon him." or "When trouble comes upon him and he cries out for help, God will not hear him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will God hear his cry + +Here "hear his cry" represents responding to the godless man's cry and helping him. AT: "Will God respond to his cry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Will he delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times? + +Job uses this question to say that the godless man will not do these things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "He will not delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times." or "He will not be happy about what the Almighty does and he will not pray to God often." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/11.md b/job/27/11.md index daf7b48049..0bc61dfb58 100644 --- a/job/27/11.md +++ b/job/27/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will teach you -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +Each occurrence of "you" in these verses is plural and refers to Job's three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the hand of God -* **I will teach you concerning ... I will not conceal the thoughts ...** - These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will teach you** - Each occurrence of "you" in these verses is plural and refer to Job's three friends (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **hand of God** - The "hand" of God refers to the "power" of God. AT: "power of God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **conceal** - "hide" -* **why have you spoken all this nonsense** - This is written as a question in order to provide emphasis. AT: "You should not have spoken so foolishly!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +God's "hand" represents his power. AT: "the power of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not conceal the thoughts of the Almighty + +The abstract noun "thoughts" can be expressed with the verb "think." AT: I will not hide from you what the Almighty thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# why then have you spoken all this nonsense? + +Job uses this question to rebuke his friends for saying such foolish things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "you should not have spoken so foolishly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/13.md b/job/27/13.md index 72e2a2b72f..cfd4771d4a 100644 --- a/job/27/13.md +++ b/job/27/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the destiny of a wicked man with God -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +A wicked man's destiny with God refers to what God has planned for him. AT: "This is what God has planned for the wicked man" -## translationNotes +# the heritage of the oppressor that he receives from the Almighty -* **the destiny of a wicked man ... the heritage of the oppressor ...** - These clauses express the same meaning for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the heritage of the oppressor that he receives from the Almighty** - AT: the Almighty gives the oppressor this heritage:" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for the sword** - This means that the children of the wicked man will die in battle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "the heritage of the oppressor" is a metaphor representing what will happen to the oppressor. What God will do to him is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that God will give him. AT: "what the Almighty will do to the oppressor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is for the sword + +Here "the sword" represents dying in battle. AT: "they will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/15.md b/job/27/15.md index dde5b52f9f..62fe74dbf1 100644 --- a/job/27/15.md +++ b/job/27/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Those who survive him -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This refers to the wicked man's children. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Those who continue to live after their wicked father dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# will be buried by plague -* **their widows ... them** - The words "their" and "them" refer to "Those who survive" from the previous line, that is, the children of the wicked man. -* **heaps up silver like dust** - This phrase compares gathering silver as if it were as available as dust. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **heaps up clothing like clay** - This phrase compares those who gather clothing as if it were as easy to find as clay. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and the innocent** - AT: "and innocent people" +Here "be buried" represents dying. AT: "will die by plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their widows ... them + +The words "their" and "them" refer to "Those who survive him," that is, the children of the wicked man. + +# heaps up silver like the dust + +Here "heaps up" is a metonym meaning "gathers much." Job speaks as if the silver were as easy to get as dust. AT: "gathers large piles of silver" or "gathers silver as easily as he could gather dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# heaps up clothing like clay + +Here "heaps up" is a metonym meaning "gathers much." Job speaks as if the clothing were as easy to get as clay. AT: "gathers large piles of clothing" or "gathers clothing as easily as he could gather clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/18.md b/job/27/18.md index 833f54f80e..5a97b48225 100644 --- a/job/27/18.md +++ b/job/27/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He builds his house like a spider -* [[en:tw:house]] +After "spider," the phrase "builds its web" is understood information. It can be made clear. AT: "He builds his house as a spider builds its web" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# He builds his house like a spider -* **house like a spider** - A spider's web is easily destroyed because it is not strong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like a spider** - AT: "like a spider builds its house" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **like a hut** - A hut is a temporary house that is also not very strong. AT: "like a temporary hut" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he opens his eyes, and everything is gone.** - AT: "he will open his eyes and all of his riches will be gone" +A spider web is fragile and easily destroyed. AT: "He builds his house as fragile as a spider builds its web" or "He builds his house as fragile as a spider's web" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a hut + +A hut is a temporary house that is also not very strong. AT: "like a temporary hut" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He lies down in bed rich + +"He is wealthy when he lies down in bed." This refers to his lying down in bed at night and sleeping. + +# but he will not keep doing so + +"but he will not keep lying down in bed rich" or "but he will not continue to be wealthy when he lies down in bed" + +# he opens his eyes + +Opening his eyes represents waking up in the morning. AT: "he wakes up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# everything is gone + +"all of his riches are gone" or "everything has vanished" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/20.md b/job/27/20.md index b741bc2c66..1e36b87a3e 100644 --- a/job/27/20.md +++ b/job/27/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Terrors overtake him -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Here "overtake him" represents suddenly happening to him. Possible meanings are that "terrors" is a metonym for 1) things that cause people to be afraid. AT: "Terrifying things suddenly happen to him" or 2) fear. AT: "He suddenly becomes terrified" -## translationNotes +# like waters -* **terrors overtake him like waters** - AT: "Terrors come over him like a flood of waters surrounds a person;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a storm takes** - "a violent wind blows" -* **it sweeps him** - This compares the wind blowing him out of his house to someone sweeping dust out of a house with a broom. AT: "the wind sweeps him out of his place like a woman sweeps dirt out of a house with a broom" or "the wind blows him out of his place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **out of his place** - AT: "out of his home" +The word "waters" refers to a flood. Floods can happen very suddenly when people do not expect them, and they are dangerous and frightening. AT: "like a flood" or "like waters that rise up suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a storm takes him away + +"a violent wind blows him away" + +# it sweeps him out of his place + +Job speaks of the wind blowing the wicked man out of his house as if the wind were a person sweeping dust out of a house with a broom. AT: "the wind sweeps him out of his place like a woman who sweeps dirt out of a house" or "the wind easily blows him out of his place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# his place + +"his home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/22.md b/job/27/22.md index ee4b35cd9a..352b07aa44 100644 --- a/job/27/22.md +++ b/job/27/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] +In verses 22-23 Job speaks of the wind as if it were a person attacking the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# It throws itself at him -* **It throws ... it claps ... it hisses** - In these verse the wind is described as if it were a person attacking someone. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **at him ... he tries ... his place** - The words "him," "he," and "his" refer to the wicked man who is being attacked by the wind. -* **out of its hand** - Here the wind is described as having hands that control someone. AT: "out of its control" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **it hisses him out of his place** - AT: "it hisses at him, causing him to leave his home" +Here the phrase "throws itself at him" represents the wind blowing strong against him like an attacker. AT: "It blows strong against him like someone attacking him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# he tries to flee out of its hand + +Here "hand" represents the power or control that the wind has over the wicked man. AT: "he tries to flee out of its control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It claps its hands at him in mockery + +Clapping the hands is a way of mocking someone. Here it represents the wind making loud noises. AT: "It makes loud noises like someone clapping his hands to mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# it hisses him out of his place + +The wind makes a noise as it blows him out of his place. It sounds like the hissing sound that people make to mock someone. AT: "it makes a hissing noise as it causes him to leave his home" or "it blows him out of his place and makes a hissing noise like someone who hisses at him to mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/intro.md b/job/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0421039029 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Job 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/01.md b/job/28/01.md index ab74887518..18289d55c9 100644 --- a/job/28/01.md +++ b/job/28/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# mine -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This is a place where people dig rocks out of the earth. These rocks have metal in them. -## translationNotes +# refine -* **mine** - a place where metal ore is dug out of the earth -* **refine** - This is the process of heating a metal to remove all of the impurities. -* **copper** - an important red-brown colored metal -* **smelted** - This is a process where heat is used to melt metal ore out of stone. +This is the process of heating a metal to remove all of the impurities that are in it. + +# Iron is taken out of the earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People take iron out of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# copper is smelted out of the stone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people smelt copper out of the stone" or "people heat stone to melt copper out of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# copper + +an important red-brown colored metal + +# smelted + +This is a process of heating rocks to melt the metal in them in order to get the metal out of the rocks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/03.md b/job/28/03.md index 5faa36c3fa..1ad0992186 100644 --- a/job/28/03.md +++ b/job/28/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A man sets an end to darkness -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Here "sets an end to darkness" represents shining a light in the darkness. People used a lantern or a torch for light. AT: "A man carries light into dark places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to the farthest limit -* **A man sets an end to darkness,** - This refers to man using a lantern or torch to work in the dark mines. AT: "A man carries light into dark places" -* **to the farthest limit** - AT: "to the farthest reaches of the mine" -* **obscurity** - "unknown" or "remote" -* **shaft** - a narrow underground passage carved out of the rock -* **forgotten by anyone's foot** - Here a "foot" is described as forgetting walking somewhere. AT: "where no one ever walks" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"to the farthest parts of the mine" + +# obscurity ... thick darkness + +These two phrases are used together to emphasize that the mine is extremely dark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# shaft + +a deep narrow hole dug into the ground or rock. People go down into the hole to mine it. + +# places that are forgotten by anyone's foot + +The foot is spoken of as if it is a person who can remember. AT: "places where people no longer walk" or "where no one ever walks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He hangs far away from people + +How and where he hangs can be stated clearly. AT: "Far away from people, he hangs from a rope in the shaft" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/05.md b/job/28/05.md index faf2277e9a..d37140188f 100644 --- a/job/28/05.md +++ b/job/28/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the earth, out of which comes bread -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] +Here "bread" represents food in general. Food coming out of the ground is a metaphor for food growing out of the ground. AT: "the earth, where food grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# it is turned up below as if by fire -* **out of which bread comes** - AT: "where food is produced," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **it is turned up below as if by fire.** - AT: "but below the earth it looks like everything has been heated by fire and crushed" -* **it is turned ... its stones ... its dust** - The word "it" refers to the "earth". -* **sapphires** - This word refers to a type of rare and expensive blue gem stone. +Possible meanings are that 1) people made fires under the ground to break apart the rock. AT: "it is broken up below by the fires that the miners make" or 2) "turned" is a metaphor for changed. AT: "it is broken up below so much that it appears that it was destroyed by fire" + +# it is turned ... Its stones ... its dust + +The word "it" refers to the earth. + +# sapphires + +a rare and valuable blue gemstone \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/07.md b/job/28/07.md index 86cbecbe23..fea9ffe91b 100644 --- a/job/28/07.md +++ b/job/28/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# No bird of prey knows the path to it ... nor has the falcon's eye seen it -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +These clauses express a similar meaning. AT: "No bird of prey or falcon knows or has ever seen the path that goes to the mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# bird of prey -* **No bird of prey knows ... nor has the falcon's eye ...** - Both of these clauses express similar meaning. AT: "No falcon knows or has ever seen the path to the mines" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **bird of prey** - a bird that eats other animals -* **falcon** - This may also be translated "vulture". Both are large flying bird that eat smaller animals. You may translate this with a similar bird from your culture that is large and eats other animals. -* **proud animals have not walked ... nor has the fierce lion passed ...** - These clauses also express similar meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **it ... there** - The words "it" and "there" both refer to the mines in these verses. +a bird that eats other animals + +# falcon + +This may also be translated "hawk." Both are birds that hunt and eat other animals. You may translate this with a similar bird from your culture. + +# The proud animals have not walked such a path ... nor has the fierce lion passed there + +These clauses also express similar meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The proud animals + +This refers to very strong, wild animals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/09.md b/job/28/09.md index 16e3155925..97ad4ae731 100644 --- a/job/28/09.md +++ b/job/28/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# lays his hand on the flinty rock -* [[en:tw:light]] +This represents breaking up the rock. AT: "digs into the flinty rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# flinty rock -* **A man lays his hand on the flinty rock** - AT: "A man digs into the flinty rock;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **flinty rock** - "hard rock" -* **he overturns mountains by their roots** - The man who digs for valuable rocks exposes the "roots" of the mountain by digging into it. +"hard rock" + +# he overturns mountains by their roots + +Digging up the mountains and the ground underneath them is a metaphor from digging out weeds or trees, an exaggeration that represents digging minerals out of the ground. AT: "he turns the mountains upside down by pulling out their roots." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his eye sees + +Here "his eye" represents him. AT: "he sees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He ties up the streams so they do not run + +Here "ties up the streams" means damming or blocking the streams. AT: "He blocks the streams so they do not flow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what is hidden there + +This refers to things that people normally do not see because they are in the ground or underwater. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/12.md b/job/28/12.md index 38bf4e73fa..26cd216852 100644 --- a/job/28/12.md +++ b/job/28/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +In 28:12-28, wisdom and understanding are spoken of as if they were precious objects that are in some place and people want to find them. Finding wisdom and understanding represents becoming wise and learning to understand things well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding? -* **Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding?** - Both of these questions have the same meaning and are seeking the same answer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **its price ... is it found ... It is not** - The word "it" in these verses refers to "wisdom". -* **The deep waters ... say, ‘It is not in me;’ the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’** - AT: "It is not in the deep waters under the earth, nor is it in the sea" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +These questions mean the same thing and are used to show that it is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding. AT: "It is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding + +Becoming wise and understanding is spoken of as finding wisdom and understanding. AT: "How do people become wise? How do people learn to understand things well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Man does not know its price + +Possible meanings are 1) wisdom is spoken of as if it were something that people can buy. AT: "People do not know what it is worth" or 2) the word translated as "price" means "place." AT: "People do not know where it is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# neither is it found in the land of the living + +"and it is not found in the land of the living." The "land of the living" refers to this world where people live. This can be stated in active form. AT: "and no one can find wisdom in this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The deep waters ... say, 'It is not in me'; the sea says, 'It is not with me.' + +The deep waters and the sea are presented as if they are people that can speak. AT: "Wisdom is not in the deep waters under the earth, nor is it in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/15.md b/job/28/15.md index 346135a9b3..37566bdc35 100644 --- a/job/28/15.md +++ b/job/28/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# It cannot be gotten for gold -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +This can be stated in active form. This implies that wisdom is worth much more than gold. AT: "People cannot pay for wisdom with gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# neither can silver be weighed as its price -* **Ophir** - This land was known for its fine gold. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **onyx** - a valuable black gemstone -* **sapphire** - a valuable blue gemstone -* **crystal** - a valuable gemstone that is clear or lightly colored -* **exchanged** - "traded" +This implies that wisdom is worth much more than silver. It can be stated in active form. AT: "and people cannot weigh out enough silver to pay for wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It cannot be valued with ... sapphire + +This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the gold of Ophir, precious onyx and sapphire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Ophir + +This is the name of a land where there was fine gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# onyx + +a valuable black gemstone + +# sapphire + +a valuable blue gemstone + +# Gold and crystal cannot equal it in worth + +This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than gold and crystal. + +# crystal + +a valuable gemstone that is clear or lightly colored + +# neither can it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold + +"and it cannot be exchanged for jewels of fine gold." This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than jewels of fine gold. + +# exchanged + +"traded" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/18.md b/job/28/18.md index f268509cbd..80b728dd55 100644 --- a/job/28/18.md +++ b/job/28/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# No mention is worth making of coral or jasper -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"It is not worth making mention of coral and jasper." This implies that wisdom is worth so much more than coral and jasper that there is no need for Job to say anything about them. AT: "I will not bother to mention coral or jasper" or "Coral and jasper are worthless compared to wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# coral -* **jasper, rubies, topaz** - These are very expensive stones. +This is a beautiful, hard substance that grows on ocean reefs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# jasper ... rubies ... topaz + +These are valuable gemstones. + +# The topaz of Cush does not equal it + +This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the finest topaz. + +# neither can it be valued in terms of pure gold + +"and wisdom cannot be valued in terms of pure gold." This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than pure gold. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/20.md b/job/28/20.md index 791a48dbd5..71bcea41ee 100644 --- a/job/28/20.md +++ b/job/28/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# From where, then, comes wisdom? Where is the place of understanding? -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Job uses these questions to introduce how people get wisdom and understanding. AT: "I will tell you where wisdom comes from and where understanding is." or "I will tell you how to become wise and how to learn to understand things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# From where, then, comes wisdom -* **hidden from the eyes of all living things** - AT: "Wisdom is not a thing that can be observed by man or beast. For example, a bird cannot watch it as it flies over the ground. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **destruction and death** - Both "death" and "destruction" are represented as saying that they have only "heard" about wisdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a place and comes to people. Its coming represents people becoming wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Where is the place of understanding + +Understanding is spoken of as if it were in a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wisdom is hidden from the eyes of all living things + +This means that living things are unable to see wisdom. It can be expressed in active form. AT: "No living thing can see wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is kept hidden from the birds of the heavens + +This means that the birds are unable to see wisdom. This can be expressed in active form. AT: "even the birds that fly in the skies cannot see wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Destruction and Death say + +Here "Destruction" and "Death" are spoken of as if they are living things who can speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/23.md b/job/28/23.md index 94895a67ef..0c527f29b6 100644 --- a/job/28/23.md +++ b/job/28/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# God understands the way to it; he knows its place +Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a certain place. AT: "God knows how to find wisdom. He knows where it is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the very ends of the earth -* **parceled** - This means to divide something into smaller parts. +"the farthest places on the earth" + +# parceled out the waters by measure + +This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding 1) how much rain should be in each cloud or 2) how much water should be in each sea. AT: "decided how much water should be in each place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/26.md b/job/28/26.md index 1e2033bfd9..a6d69dcb48 100644 --- a/job/28/26.md +++ b/job/28/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a path for the thunder -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +"he decided how the thunder can be heard" or "he decided the path of the thunderstorm" -## translationNotes +# See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom -* **See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom ... to depart from evil is understanding** - Expressing the same meaning in both of these clauses provides emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The abstract noun "fear" can be expressed with the verbs "fear" or "respect." The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with the word "wise." AT: "Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to depart from evil is understanding + +Here "depart from evil" means refusing to do evil things. The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the verb "understand." AT: "if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/intro.md b/job/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b4aa672c68 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Job 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's wisdom ##### + +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's wisdom and authority. This chapter especially focuses on Yahweh's wisdom as he controls the circumstances of Job's life. Men cannot understand because they do not have Yahweh's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/01.md b/job/29/01.md index 40ff36056c..b6c59abaf2 100644 --- a/job/29/01.md +++ b/job/29/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh, that I were as I was in the past months -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Job uses this exclamation to express a wish. AT: "I wish that I were as I was in past months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# when his lamp shined on my head -* **when his lamp shined on my head** - The words "his lamp" represent the presence of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +God's lamp shining on Job represents God blessing Job. AT: "when God's blessing was like a lamp shining its light on my head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when I walked through darkness by his light + +Walking through darkness represents experiencing difficult situations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/04.md b/job/29/04.md index b3519edc96..4b7b57d327 100644 --- a/job/29/04.md +++ b/job/29/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in the ripeness of my days -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Job speaks of when he was young and strong as if his days were the time when the harvest is ripe. AT: "when I was young and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# when the friendship of God was on my tent -* **when my way was awash in cream ... the rock poured me out streams of oil** - See UDB. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +The abstract noun "friendship" can be expressed with the noun "friend." The word "tent" represents Job's home. AT: "when God was my friend and protected my home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when my way was covered with cream + +"when my path was flowing with cream." Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many cows and they produced much more cream than he and his family needed. AT: "when my cows provided an abundance of cream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# and the rock poured out for me streams of oil + +"and the rock poured out streams of oil for me." Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many olive vines and great amounts of olive oil. The rock is where his servants pressed the oil out of the olives. AT: "when my servants pressed out a great amount of olive oil" or "when oil flowed like streams from the pressing rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/07.md b/job/29/07.md index b5941171d6..f09b3f636d 100644 --- a/job/29/07.md +++ b/job/29/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# city square -* [[en:tw:gate]] +This is an open area in a village or city where two or more streets meet. -## translationNotes +# rose and stood for me -* **city square** - This is an open area in a village or city where two or more streets meet. +This is a symbol of respect. It can be stated clearly. AT: "rose and stood respectfully for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/09.md b/job/29/09.md index eefcb90993..7ead993043 100644 --- a/job/29/09.md +++ b/job/29/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The princes used to refrain from talking when I came -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This was a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# they would lay their hand on their mouths -* **and their tongue clung to the roof of their mouths** - AT: "and they felt that they were unable to speak." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +They did this to show that they would not speak. This was a sign of their respect for Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# The voices of the noblemen were hushed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The noblemen hushed their voices" or "The noblemen stopped speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their tongue clung to the roof of their mouths + +This represents them having so much respect for Job that they had nothing to say. AT: "they felt that they were unable to speak" or "they had nothing to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/11.md b/job/29/11.md index e89a381d24..97ae94bacf 100644 --- a/job/29/11.md +++ b/job/29/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# after their ears heard me ... after their eyes saw me -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +The ears represent those who heard him, and the eyes represent those who saw him. AT: "after they heard what I told them ... after they saw me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# they would then give witness to me and approve of me -* **ears heard me ... eyes saw me** - AT: "When they all heard what I told them ... after they saw me," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy** - AT: "I caused widows to sing joyfully," (UDB) +"they would witness approvingly of me" + +# I rescued the one who was poor when he cried out + +Here "the one who was poor" refers to any poor person. AT: "I used to rescue poor people who cried out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# The blessing of him who was about to perish came on me + +Someone's blessing coming on another represents that person blessing another. AT: "He who was about to perish would bless me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# him who was about to perish + +This represents anyone who was about to die. AT: "those who were about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy + +Here "the widow's heart" represents any widow. AT: "I caused widows to sing joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/14.md b/job/29/14.md index e617da1c29..8748d4528e 100644 --- a/job/29/14.md +++ b/job/29/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I put on righteousness, and it clothed me -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] +People often spoke of righteousness as if it were clothing. AT: "I did what was righteous, and it was like clothing that I put on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my justice was like a robe and a turban -* **I put on righteousness** - Job's righteous actions were like a garment. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I was eyes ... feet** - Job possessed a special understanding of those who were disabled. -* **I was a father to the needy** - Job cared for the poor people. +People often spoke of justice as if it were clothing. AT: "I did what was just, and it was like a robe and a turban on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# turban + +a long cloth that men wrap around their heads and wear as a hat + +# I was eyes to blind people + +This represents helping blind people. AT: "I was like eyes for blind people" or "I guided blind people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was feet to lame people + +This represents helping blind people. AT: "I was like feet for lame people" or "I supported lame people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was a father to needy people + +Here "I was a father" represents providing for people. AT: "I provided for needy people as a father provides for his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/17.md b/job/29/17.md index 2688cb9a12..a76fd303fd 100644 --- a/job/29/17.md +++ b/job/29/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +In verses 18-20 Job tells about the things he used to say before bad things happened to him. -## translationNotes +# I broke the jaws of ... I plucked the victim -* **I broke the jaws of ... I plucked the victim** - Job helped those who had been persecuted by unrighteous people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I will die in my nest** - The "nest" represents a safe place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **multiply my days like the grains of sand** - Job had believed he would live a long life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **my roots ... my branches** - With God's help, Job was as sturdy as a well-watered tree. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Job speaks of unrighteous people who persecute others as if they were wild animals that attack their victims by picking them up between their teeth. AT: "I made unrighteous people stop persecuting people, like someone who breaks the jaw of a wild animal and rescues its victim from between its teeth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will die in my nest + +Here "nest" represents Job's home and family. Job used to speak as if he were a bird that lived in a nest with his baby birds. AT: "I will die at home with my family" or "I will die in the safety of my home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will multiply my days like the grains of sand + +There are more grains of sand on the shore than anyone can count. To say that he would live more days than anyone could count is an exaggeration to express that he would live a very long time. AT: "I will live a very long time" or "I will live many years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# My roots ... my branches + +Job used to speak of his strength as if he were strong like a well-watered tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/20.md b/job/29/20.md index 266ca09fde..1d6bd1f03d 100644 --- a/job/29/20.md +++ b/job/29/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The honor in me is always fresh -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The abstract noun "honor" can be expressed with the verb "honor." Here "fresh" represents the honor being constantly given. AT: "People constantly give me honor" or "People always honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the bow of my strength is always new in my hand -* **the bow of my strength is always new** - Job's former strength was like that of a new bow. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **dropped like water** - Job's words were like drops of water that refresh and strengthen others. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +A new bow is very strong. Job's bow of strength in his hand represents his physical strength. AT: "I am always strong like a new bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my speech dropped like water on them + +Here "dropped like water on them" represents refreshing the people who heard him. The abstract noun "speech" can be translated with the verb "speak" or "say." AT: "my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh people's bodies" or "what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/23.md b/job/29/23.md index cdd6c99aac..ca518b1473 100644 --- a/job/29/23.md +++ b/job/29/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They always waited for me as they waited for rain -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +People waited for Job patiently and expected to hear good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# they opened their mouth wide to drink in my words -* **they always waited for me as they waited for the rain** - People waited for Job patiently and with expectation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **opened their mouth to drink my words** - AT: "They appreciated my words like farmers desire the rain." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **I smiled on them** - AT: "I greatly encouraged them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **light of my face** - This refers to Job's cheerful expressions. +This represents waiting eagerly for Job to speak in order to benefit from what said. AT: "they eagerly waited for me to speak in order to benefit from what I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as they would do for the latter rain + +"as farmers wait eagerly for the latter rain" + +# the latter rain + +This refers to the large amount of rain that falls just before the dry season. + +# I smiled on them + +It can be stated clearly that the purpose of smiling was to encourage them. AT: "I smiled on them to encourage them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the light of my face + +This represents the kindness they saw in Job's face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/25.md b/job/29/25.md index 42c136720b..aa78634b01 100644 --- a/job/29/25.md +++ b/job/29/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I selected their way -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Here "selected their way" represents deciding what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# sat as their chief -* **like a king** - Job treated the people like a good ruler or king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like one who comforts** - Job was compassionate among the people. +Here "sat" represents ruling or leading. Chiefs sat down when they made important decisions. AT: "led them as their chief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sat as their chief + +Job was their chief. AT: "led them because I was their chief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I lived like a king in his army + +Job speaks of how he led the people and how they obeyed him as if he were a king and they were his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like one who comforts mourners + +This phrase means that Job actually was one who comforted people. AT: "I comforted them when they mourned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/intro.md b/job/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2aaa6af40 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Job 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh. + +In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh's blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job's argument that continues for the next 3 chapters. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/01.md b/job/30/01.md index 94809ffff2..90a24c611f 100644 --- a/job/30/01.md +++ b/job/30/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# have nothing but mockery for me -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The abstract noun "mockery" can be expressed with the verb "mock." AT: "only mock me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# whose fathers I would have refused to allow to work beside the dogs of my flock -* **Indeed the strength of their fathers' hands ... men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished** - AT: "I could gain nothing by having their fathers' help me because they were now so weak!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +This shows how much he despised those fathers. They were not even good enough to be with his dogs. AT: "whose fathers I despised and would not have allowed to work beside the dogs of my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the dogs of my flock + +The dogs' relationship to the flock can be stated clearly. AT: "the dogs that guarded my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Indeed, the strength of their fathers' hands, how could it have helped me ... perished? + +Job uses this question to mock the weakness of those men. AT: "The strength of their fathers' hands could not have helped me ... perished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished + +Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase "mature age" refers to them being old. AT: "men who had become old and had no strength" or "men who had become old and weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They were thin from poverty and hunger + +The word "They" refers to the fathers of the young mockers. + +# They were thin from poverty and hunger + +The abstract noun "poverty" can be expressed with the word "poor." The abstract noun "hunger" can be expressed with the words "hungry" or "starving." AT: "They were very thin because they were poor and starving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they gnawed at the dry ground + +Possible meanings are that 1) "dry ground" is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. AT: "they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground" or 2) "gnawed at the dried ground" is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/04.md b/job/30/04.md index 213aba74af..e6eee6c262 100644 --- a/job/30/04.md +++ b/job/30/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. -## translationNotes +# saltwort ... bushes' leaves ... the roots of the broom tree -* **the roots of the broom tree were their food** - Possible meanings are 1) The people ate the roots of the broom tree. or 2) The people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees (see UDB). -* **shouted after them as one would shout after a thief** - AT: "shouted at them as though they were thieves." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better. + +# the roots of the broom tree were their food + +Possible meanings are 1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or 2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees. + +# They were driven out from among people who shouted after them as ... a thief + +The phrase "were driven out" means "were forced to leave." These phrases can be reordered and stated in active form. AT: "The people shouted after them as ... a thief and forced them to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shouted after them as one would shout after a thief + +"shouted at them as though they were thieves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/07.md b/job/30/07.md index 430ec27e95..4d77155b9f 100644 --- a/job/30/07.md +++ b/job/30/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] +Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. -## translationNotes +# brayed like donkeys -* **brayed like donkeys** - AT: "cried out in their hunger;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **They were descendants of fools, indeed, of worthless men** - AT: "They acted like people without good sense." -* **they were driven out of the land by whips** - AT: "they were driven out of the land like wild animals." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +Job speaks of the men crying out in hunger as if they were wild donkeys making a loud noise. AT: "cried out like wild donkeys because they were hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they gathered together under the nettles + +"Nettles" are bushes with sharp thorns. This implies that they did not have a home. + +# They were the sons of fools + +Here "were the sons of fools" represents having the characteristics fools. AT: "They were like fools" or "they were fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# indeed, sons of nameless people + +The word "indeed" shows that what follows strengthens the previous thought. Here "sons of nameless people" represents having the characteristics of nameless people. AT: "indeed, they were nameless people" or "indeed, they were worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nameless people + +Here being "nameless" represents having no honor or respect. It means that they are worthless. AT: "worthless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They were driven out of the land with whips + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. AT: "People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land" or 2) people actually used whips to force them out. AT: "People whipped them and forced them to leave the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They were driven out of the land + +Here "the land" refers to the land where they lived before they were forced to go out to the wilderness. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/09.md b/job/30/09.md index ab05d13e43..d0d734c672 100644 --- a/job/30/09.md +++ b/job/30/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Job speaks again about the people who were mocking him. -## translationNotes +# But now, for their sons I have become their subject for a song of mockery -* **God has unstrung the string of my bow and has afflicted me** - AT: "God has taken aware my power to defend myself." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The abstract nouns "song" and "mockery" can be expressed with the verbs "sing" and "mock. AT: "But now their sons sing songs about me to mock me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I am now a joke to them + +Here "joke" represents a person whom people make cruel jokes about. AT: "I am now one whom they make cruel jokes about" or "They joke and say cruel things about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they do not refrain from spitting in my face + +This can be stated positively. AT: "they even spit in my face!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# God has unstrung the string to my bow + +A bow that is unstrung is not useful. The phrase "has unstrung the string of my bow" is a metaphor for making Job powerless. AT: "God has taken away my power to defend myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who taunt me + +"those who mock me" + +# cast off restraint before my face + +A restraint keeps a person from moving freely and doing what he wants. Here "restraint" represents refraining from doing something, and "cast off restraint" represents not refraining from doing something. In this case the mockers did not refrain from being cruel to Job. AT: "do not refrain from being cruel to me" or "do whatever cruel things they want to do to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/12.md b/job/30/12.md index 4bee939050..ca29f1ace0 100644 --- a/job/30/12.md +++ b/job/30/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Upon my right hand rise the rabble** - AT: "My enemies prepare to destroy me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **pile up against me their siege mounds** - Job knows that his enemies are preparing to attack him, just as an army prepares to attack a wall of protection around a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were a mob and an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Upon my right hand rise the rabble + +"the rabble rise upon my right hand." Possible meanings are 1) rising upon Job's right hand represents attacking his strength. AT: "Gangs of young people attack my strength" or 2) rising upon Job's right hand represents attacking his honor. AT: "Mobs attack my honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they drive me away + +"they force me to run away" + +# pile up against me their siege mounds + +Armies would pile up mounds of dirt along a city's wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Job speaks of the mockers preparing to attack him as if they were doing that. AT: "prepare to attack me like an army that prepares to attack a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They destroy my path + +This represents keeping Job from escaping their attack. AT: "They prevent me from escaping from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they push forward disaster for me + +Here "push forward disaster" represents trying to make disaster happen. AT: "they try to make disaster happen to me" or "they try to destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# men who have no one to hold them back + +Here "hold them back" represents stopping them from doing something. AT: "men who have no one to stop them from attacking me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/14.md b/job/30/14.md index 9d079dc1b6..96f33e2e97 100644 --- a/job/30/14.md +++ b/job/30/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **like an army through a wide hole in the city wall** - Job compares his situation to a city under attack with a hole in its defensive wall. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **my honor is driven away as if by the wind** - AT: "the wind has blown away my honor;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my prosperity passes away as a cloud** - Job's belongings have disappeared like a cloud that suddenly appears and then vanishes from the sky. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They come against me like an army through a wide hole in a city wall + +This represents attacking Job forcefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they roll themselves in on me + +This represents many coming to attack him at once, like giant ocean waves rolling in on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Terrors are turned upon me + +Possible meanings are 1) Job has become terrified or 2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my honor is driven away as if by the wind + +Job speaks of suddenly having no honor as if the wind had blown it from him. AT: "Nobody honors me" or "I am now a person that people do not honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my prosperity passes away as a cloud + +Job speaks of his prosperity ending as if it were a cloud that was blown away. Here "prosperity" may refer to well-being or safety. AT: "I no longer prosper at all" or "I am no longer safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/16.md b/job/30/16.md index 0ae673a44d..27fa17dcf9 100644 --- a/job/30/16.md +++ b/job/30/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now my life is pouring out from within me -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Job speaks as if his life were a liquid and his body were a container. He feels he is about to die. AT: "Now I am dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# many days of suffering have laid hold on me -* **Now my life is pouring out from within me** - Job feels he is about to die (see UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the pains that gnaw at me take no rest** - Job speaks of his pain as if it is alive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Job speaks of his continuous suffering as if the days of suffering have grabbed hold of him. AT: "I suffer many days, and the suffering does not end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# my bones in me are pierced + +Job speaks of the pain in his bones as if his bones were being pierced. AT: "my bones ache terribly" or "I have sharp pain in my bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the pains that gnaw at me take no rest + +Job speaks of his constant pain as if it were alive and biting him and refuses to rest. AT: "the pains that cause me to suffer do not stop" or "I am in constant pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/18.md b/job/30/18.md index aae1d55f68..bb984378d8 100644 --- a/job/30/18.md +++ b/job/30/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# God's great force has seized my clothing -* [[en:tw:seize]] +Job speaks of God using his force as if God's force were actually doing something. Here "God's ... force" stands for "God." AT: "God has seized my clothing by his great force" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# God's great force has seized my clothing -* **He has thrown me into the mud** - Job says that God has humiliated him. -* **I have become like dust and ashes** - Job says his personal value is now less than "dust and ashes." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +The image of God's force seizing Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) it represents Job's pain. AT: "My pain feels like God has grabbed my clothing tightly" or 2) it represents God's causing Job's many problems. AT: "It is as though by his great force God has grabbed me by my clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic + +The image of God's force wrapping around Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) it represents Job's pain. AT: "he wraps the collar of my tunic tightly around me" or 2) it represents God's causing Job's many problems. AT: "It is as though he grabs me by the collar of my tunic" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has thrown me into the mud + +Job says that God has humiliated him. AT: "It is as though he has thrown me in the mud" or "He has humiliated me, like a person thrown in the mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have become like dust and ashes + +This represents Job's feeling of being worthless. AT: "I have become as worthless as dust and ashes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/20.md b/job/30/20.md index c872883343..fcb2de8424 100644 --- a/job/30/20.md +++ b/job/30/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# cruel -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +This word means unkind. -## translationNotes +# with the strength of your hand you persecute me -* **cruel** - This word means unkind. -* **with the power of your hand you persecute me** - The word "hand" represents God's power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "hand" represents God's power. AT: "you persecute me with your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/22.md b/job/30/22.md index 2b4981470d..aeb2ed034b 100644 --- a/job/30/22.md +++ b/job/30/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +Job continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# lift me up to the wind ... throw me back and forth in a storm -* **lift me up to the wind ... melt me in the storm** - The words "wind" and "storm" refer to God's judgment. -* **the house destined for all living things** - The "house" represents the place where dead people go. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These expressions represent the extreme suffering that God made Job endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cause it to drive me along + +"cause the wind to push me along" + +# you will bring me to death + +Here "bring me to death" represents causing Job to die. AT: "you will cause me to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house destined for all living things + +Job speaks of death as if it were a house that all living things are destined to go to. AT: "which is what you have planned to happen to all living things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all living things + +That is, all things now alive, but that will die one day. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/24.md b/job/30/24.md index 3e3a0178af..3648a3a7df 100644 --- a/job/30/24.md +++ b/job/30/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +Job continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help? -* **does no one reach out ... does no one in trouble call out ... Did I not weep ... Did I not grieve** - All of these questions can be put into the form of statements (see UDB). Job asks these questions, expecting affirmative ("yes") responses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I waited for light ... darkness came** - Here "light" represents God's blessing and favor and "darkness" represents trouble and suffering. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Job uses these questions to justify himself for crying out to God for help. AT: "Everyone reaches out with his hand to beg for help when he falls. Everyone who is in trouble calls out for help." or "I have fallen, and so God should not think I am doing wrong when I beg for his help. I am in trouble, so of course I call out for help!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help? + +Some versions interpret these questions as Job complaining that God has reached out with his hand to harm Job when Job was in trouble and crying out for help. AT: "Surely no one would reach out with his hand against someone who falls and calls out for help." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did not I weep ... trouble? Did I not grieve ... man? + +Job uses these questions to remind God of how Job had done good to others. A: "You know that I wept ... trouble, and I grieved ... man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# When I looked for good, then evil came + +Looking for good represents hoping for good things, and evil coming represents evil things happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I waited for light ... darkness came + +Here "light" represents God's blessing and favor and "darkness" represents trouble and suffering. AT: "I waited for the light of God's blessing, but instead I experienced the darkness of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/27.md b/job/30/27.md index 180aaaf70c..284389a715 100644 --- a/job/30/27.md +++ b/job/30/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My heart is troubled and does not rest -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] +Job speaks of his heart as if it were a person. AT: "I am troubled in my heart and the feeling does not end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# days of affliction have come on me -* **My heart is troubled and does not rest** - Job speaks of his heart as if it were a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I go about with darkened skin, but not because of the sun** - Here Job refers to the darkness of his gloom and despair. AT: "I am always in gloom and darkness. I appeal to my companion-believers, but receive no help." -* **brother to jackals, companion to ostriches** - Job compares his calling out in misery to the cries of jackals and ostriches. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Days of affliction coming on Job represents Job experiencing affliction for many days. AT: "I experience affliction many days" or "I suffer every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have gone about + +Here "have gone about" represents living. AT: "I have lived" or "I live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like one who was living in the dark, but not because of the sun + +Here "living in the dark" is a metaphor that represents being extremely sad. The phrase "but not because of the sun" clarifies that "living in the dark" is a metaphor, that is, the darkness is not caused by the sun being hidden. AT: "like one who is terribly sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a brother to jackals, a companion of ostriches + +Being a brother to these animals is a metaphor for being like them. AT: "I am like jackals and ostriches that cry out in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/30.md b/job/30/30.md index 4dd610976a..8a4ef7c030 100644 --- a/job/30/30.md +++ b/job/30/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# my bones are burned with heat -* [[en:tw:harp]] +Here "bones" refers to the whole body, which suffers from fever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# my harp is tuned for songs of mourning -* **my bones are burned with heat** - Here "bones" refers to the whole body, which suffers from fever. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **wail** - A "wail" is a loud, long cry of sadness or pain. +Here "my harp" represents Job himself, and also represents his desire to sing only songs of mourning. AT: "I play only songs of mourning on my harp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my flute for the singing of those who wail + +Here "my flute" represents Job himself, and also his desire to sing only songs of crying. AT: "I play only songs of wailing on my flute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wail + +To wail is to cry very loudly because of terrible sadness or pain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/intro.md b/job/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d3c4e52e9f --- /dev/null +++ b/job/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Job 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh. + +In this chapter, Job laments his current condition as others insult him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/01.md b/job/31/01.md index f894d7dea2..550c7aa174 100644 --- a/job/31/01.md +++ b/job/31/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# I have made a covenant with my eyes -* Job continue speaking. -* **I have made a covenant with my eyes** - AT: "I have promised myself that I would not look with lust at a woman" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **how then should I look with desire on a virgin?** - Job uses a question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. AT: "So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high?** - Both of these mean the same thing. Job uses a question to emphasize that God would not give him anything good if he sins and breaks his promise. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Job speaks of making a promise about what he would look at as though his eyes were a person and he made a covenant with them. AT: "I have made a firm promise about what I will look at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I have made a covenant with my eyes + +What job promised can be stated clearly. AT: "I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin" or "I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# how then should I look with desire on a virgin? + +Job uses this question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. AT: "So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? + +Job speaks of God's response to people's behavior as if it were the portion of an inheritance that God gives. AT: "For how will God above respond to me? What will the Almighty on high do?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? + +Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize 1) that God will not bless bad behavior. AT: "For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me." or 2) that God will punish bad behavior. AT: "For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/03.md b/job/31/03.md index 40b0a2a9ab..67b6361590 100644 --- a/job/31/03.md +++ b/job/31/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? -* Job continues speaking. -* **Does not God see my ways and count all my steps?** - Here "my ways" and "my steps" refer to Job's behavior. Job uses a question for emphasis. AT: "Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "my ways" and "my steps" are metaphors for Job's behavior. Here "see my ways" and "count all my steps" are metaphors for knowing everything Job does. Job uses this question to emphasize that God does know all he does. AT: "Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? + +Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/05.md b/job/31/05.md index d98ddea363..9d5c1b9b87 100644 --- a/job/31/05.md +++ b/job/31/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Job continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# If I have -* Job continues speaking. -* **If I have** - In 31:5-40 Job describes different situations in which he would deserve God's punishment. But, he knows that they are not true and he is innocent. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **walked with falsehood, if my foot has hurried to deceit** - AT: "done anything false or purposely deceived anyone" -* **let me be weighed in an even balance** - People used balances to weigh items and to determine their value. AT: "Let God judge me honestly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +In 31:5-40 Job describes different situations in which he would deserve God's punishment. But, he knows that they are not true and he is innocent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# walked with falsehood, if my foot has hurried to deceit + +Here "walked" and "hurried" are metaphors that represent how Job lived. AT: "done anything false or purposely deceived anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let me be weighed in an even balance + +People used balances to weigh items and to determine their value. This image represents judging honestly. It can be stated in active form. AT: "let me be judged honestly" or "let God judge me honestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/07.md b/job/31/07.md index 75da9d46bb..e90cff89b0 100644 --- a/job/31/07.md +++ b/job/31/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# If my step has turned out of the right way -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **if my steps have turned from the right way** - AT: "if I have stopped doing what is right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **if my heart has walked after my eyes** - AT: "if I have done any wicked things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **if any spot of impurity has clung to my hands** - AT: "if I am guilty of any sin at all" -* **let the harvest be uprooted out of my field** - AT: "let someone else come and take the harvest from my field" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "my step" is a metaphor for Job's behavior, and "turned out of the right way" is a metaphor for changing from living right. AT: "If I have changed from living right" or "If I have stopped doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if my heart has gone after my eyes + +Here "my heart" and "my eyes" are metonyms for what Job desires and sees. The heart going after the eyes is a metaphor for desiring to do what he sees. It is implied that this refers to sinful things that Job sees. AT: "if I have have wanted to do any sinful things that I see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if any spot has defiled my hands + +This is a metaphor for being guilty. AT: "if I am guilty of any sin at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# then let me sow and let another eat ... my field + +Job is saying that if he really has sinned, then this bad thing should happen to him. He would do the hard work of sowing his fields, but he would not be able to eat any of it. + +# let the harvest be uprooted out of my field + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let someone else come and take the harvest from my field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/09.md b/job/31/09.md index 331131e2b1..ee7acaa5a3 100644 --- a/job/31/09.md +++ b/job/31/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# If my heart has been deceived by a woman -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **If my heart has been attracted to another woman** - AT: "If I have desired another man's wife" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **if I have lain in wait at my neighbor’s door for his wife** - "and I have waited for him to leave his house so I could sleep with her" -* **then let my wife grind grain for another man** - Possible meanings are 1) this is a way of saying another man will have sex with Job's wife (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) or 2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. -* **and let other men crouch down on her** - This refers to other men having sex with Job's wife. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Here "my heart" represents Job. Here the word "deceived" expresses the idea of "enticed." The word "woman" expresses the idea of "another man's wife." This can be stated in active form. AT: "If another man's wife has enticed me" or "If I have desired another man's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if I have lain in wait at my neighbor's door + +It can be stated clearly why he was waiting at his neighbor's door. AT: "if I have waited at my neighbor's door so I could sleep with his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# then let my wife grind grain for another + +Possible meanings are 1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or 2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/11.md b/job/31/11.md index a634067449..88489cb987 100644 --- a/job/31/11.md +++ b/job/31/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:criminal]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# For that would be a terrible crime -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **it would be a crime to be punished by the judges** - AT: "it would be a crime for which the judges would be right to punish me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For that is a fire that consumes everything for sheol and that would burn up all my harvest** - Job is emphasizing how terrible and destructive the sin of adultery is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "that" refers to Job sleeping with another woman. + +# it would be a crime to be punished by judges + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it would be a crime for which judges would be right to punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For that is a fire that consumes everything for Sheol + +The word "that" refers to Job sleeping with another woman. + +# For that is a fire that consumes everything for Sheol and that would burn up all my harvest + +Job speaks of the harm that sleeping with another woman causes as if it were a fire that destroys everything. AT: "For adultery is like a fire that burns up everything for Sheol and that would burn up all my harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/13.md b/job/31/13.md index b0d7bbae07..ba7d90cf44 100644 --- a/job/31/13.md +++ b/job/31/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# what then would I do when God rises up to accuse me? When he comes to judge me, how would I answer him? -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **what then would I do when God rises up to accuse me? When he comes to judge me, how would I answer him?** - Job uses a question for emphasis. AT: "then there would absolutely nothing I could say to defend myself when God comes to judge me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Did the one who made me in the womb not make them also? Did not the same one mold us all in the womb?** - AT: "God, who certainly made me in the same way he made them should judge me with the same sense of justice as he judges them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Job uses these questions to emphasize that if God were to judge him, Job would not be able to make himself appear to be good. AT: "then there would be absolutely nothing I could say to defend myself when God comes to judge me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did the one who made me in the womb not make them also? Did not the same one mold us all in the womb? + +Job uses these questions to emphasize that he is no different from his servants. He implies that God would be angry if Job were to treat his servants as less valuable than himself. AT: "The one who made me in the womb also made them. He formed us all in the womb." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/16.md b/job/31/16.md index dca34376f1..fe53a20ee9 100644 --- a/job/31/16.md +++ b/job/31/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. He does not finish his sentence in verses 16 and 17. Instead he explains in verse 18 why they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# If I have withheld poor people from their desire -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **I have caused the eyes of the widow to grow dim from crying** - Here "to grow dim" refers to the widow having bad eyesight due to how much she cries. AT: "I have caused a widow to cry in great sadness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my morsel** - "my food" -* **instead, from my youth the orphan grew up with me as with a father, and I have guided his mother, a widow, from my own mother’s womb** - Job is describing how he truly treated the orphan and widow. AT: "actually, I have taken care of orphans and widows since I was very young" +"If I have kept poor people from getting what they desire" + +# if I have caused the eyes of the widow to grow dim from crying + +Here "to grow dim" refers to the widow having bad eyesight from crying a lot. AT: "if I have caused a widow to cry in great sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my morsel + +"my food" + +# because from my youth the orphan grew up with me as with a father + +Here "the orphan" represents orphans in general. Job is describing how he truly treated orphans. AT: "because even when I was young I took care of orphans like a father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# because from my youth + +The phrase "But I have done none of those things" is understood from the context. AT: "But I have done none of those things, because from my youth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I have guided his mother, a widow, from my own mother's womb + +Job is describing how he truly treated widows. With the phrase "from my own mother's womb" he uses exaggeration to emphasize that he did this all his life. AT: "all my life I have guided the orphan's mother, a widow" or "all my life I have guided widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/19.md b/job/31/19.md index a5cf2db671..718820fc59 100644 --- a/job/31/19.md +++ b/job/31/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# if his heart has not blessed me -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **if his heart has not blessed me** - AT: "if he has not blessed me" or "if he has not thanked me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **because he has not been warmed with the wool of my sheep** - AT: "because he has certainly been warmed by woolen clothing I have given to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I have lifted up my hand against** - AT: "I have threatened to harm" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in the city gate** - This is where the important men of the city would gather to make decisions. +The phrase "his heart" represents the poor man who needs clothing. AT: "if he has not blessed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# because he has not been warmed with the wool of my sheep + +Here "the wool of my sheep" represents blankets or clothing made from the wool of Job's sheep. This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the wool of my sheep has not warmed him" or "because I have not given him clothing made from the wool of my sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if I have lifted up my hand against fatherless people + +Lifting up the hand against someone represents threatening to harm him. AT: "if I have threatened to harm fatherless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I saw my support in the city gate + +Here "saw" is a metaphor for "knew," "support" is a metaphor for "approval," and "the city gate" is a metonym for the leaders who sit at the city gate. AT: "I knew that the leaders at the city gate would approve of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the city gate + +This is where the important men of the city would gather to make decisions. + +# then bring charges against me + +This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/22.md b/job/31/22.md index bc88f3d5e7..72cdded9dd 100644 --- a/job/31/22.md +++ b/job/31/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then let someone tear off my shoulder from the shoulder blade and break my arm from its joint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# For I dreaded ... his majesty -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint** - AT: "then let someone tear off my shoulder and break my arm" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **calamity** - something that happens which causes great harm +This is the reason that Job did not do any of the wicked things he spoke of in verses 7 through 21. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/24.md b/job/31/24.md index 60e8a11e85..db3c5a02ab 100644 --- a/job/31/24.md +++ b/job/31/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# If I have made gold my hope -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **if I have said to fine gold, ‘You are what I am confident in'** - "if I have said about fine gold, 'I trust in it more than anything else'" -* **my hand had gotten many possessions** - AT: "I have gained many possessions by my own ability" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The abstract noun "hope" can be translated with the verbs "trust" or "hope." AT: "If I trusted in gold" or "If I hoped that having a lot of gold would make me secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if I have said to fine gold, 'You are what I am confident in' + +This line means the same as the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my hand had gotten many possessions + +Here "my hand" represents Job's ability to do things. AT: "I have gained many possessions by my own ability" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then bring charges against me + +This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/26.md b/job/31/26.md index 8aa1523f24..0a3202ae70 100644 --- a/job/31/26.md +++ b/job/31/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:criminal]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# the moon walking -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **the moon walking** - AT: "the moon moving across the sky" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **if my heart has been secretly attracted** - AT: "if I have secretly desired to worship them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my mouth has kissed my hand** - This is a sign of love and devotion. -* **to be punished by the judges** - AT: "for which judges would be right to punish me" +Here "walking" represents moving slowly. AT: "the moon moving across the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the moon walking in its brightness + +The abstract noun "brightness" can be expressed with the words "bright" or "brightly." AT: "the bright moon moving across the sky" or "the moon moving brightly across the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if my heart has been secretly attracted + +Here "my heart" represents Job. This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "if I have been secretly attracted to them" or "if I have secretly desired to worship them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that my mouth has kissed my hand + +Here "my mouth" represents Job. This is a sign of love and devotion. AT: "so that I have kissed my hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in worship of them + +"to worship the sun and moon" + +# to be punished by judges + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for which judges would be right to punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I would have denied the God who is above + +"I would have been unfaithful to the God who is above" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/29.md b/job/31/29.md index b254140ea1..fb1600ab68 100644 --- a/job/31/29.md +++ b/job/31/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# at the destruction of anyone who hated me -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **indeed, I have not suffered my mouth to sin by asking for his life with a curse** - Job is describing how he truly treated those who hated him. AT: "actually, I did not let myself sin by cursing his life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." AT: "when anyone who hated me was destroyed" or "when bad things happened to anyone who hated me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when disaster overtook him + +"when he experienced disasters" + +# then bring charges against me + +This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence. + +# Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin + +Here "my mouth" represents Job speaking. AT: "Truly I did not let myself sin" or "Truly, I did not sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# by asking for his life with a curse + +Here "asking for his life with a curse" represents cursing someone's life so that he will die. AT: "by cursing him so that he would die" or "by cursing his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/31.md b/job/31/31.md index 105fe3f75a..ca1b4a79c3 100644 --- a/job/31/31.md +++ b/job/31/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# the men of my tent -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **if the men of my tent have never said, ‘Who can find one who has not been filled with Job’s food?** - AT: "if the men who work with me have said, 'Job will not give his food to anyone'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the foreigner never had to stay in the city square; instead, I always opened my doors to the traveler** - Job is explaining how he truly treated foreigners. AT: "actually, travelers never had to sleep on the street. I always welcomed them into my house" +The tent represents Job's household. The men of his tent includes family members and servants. All of these knew Job well. AT: "the men of my household" or "my family members and servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Who can find one who has not been filled with Job's food? + +Job's men would have used this question to emphasize that Job was generous to everyone. AT: "Everyone has been filled with Job's food!" or "Everyone we know of has eaten as much of Job's food as he wanted!"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# even the foreigner has never had to stay in the city square + +Job is explaining how he truly treated foreigners. Here "stay in the city square" represents sleeping overnight in the city square. AT: "foreigners have never had to sleep in the city square" or "foreigners have never had to sleep outside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have always opened my doors to the traveler + +Here "opened my doors to the traveler" represents welcoming the traveler into his home. AT: "I have always welcomed the traveler into my home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and if that is not so, then bring charges against me + +This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/33.md b/job/31/33.md index 7731efb063..528ed4e83d 100644 --- a/job/31/33.md +++ b/job/31/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:contempt]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# If ... I have hidden my sins -* Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **by hiding my guilt inside my tunic** - AT: "like a person hides things under his tunic" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **because I feared the great multitude, because the contempt of families terrified me** - These mean the same thing. They emphasize that a person may hide his sin because he fears what other people may say. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "have hidden my sins" represents trying to keep people from knowing that he had sinned. AT: "If ... I have tried to keep my sins a secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by hiding my guilt inside my tunic + +This represents trying to keep people from knowing that he is guilty. AT: "by hiding the evidence of my guilt inside my tunic" or "like one who hides the evidence of his guilt inside his tunic" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because I feared the great multitude, because the contempt of families terrified me + +This would be the reason for hiding his sins. These mean the same thing. They emphasize that a person may hide his sin because he fears what other people may think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# then bring charges against me + +This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/35.md b/job/31/35.md index 66935edb5e..cdce8d39bf 100644 --- a/job/31/35.md +++ b/job/31/35.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh, if only I had someone to hear me! -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This exclamation expresses Job's wish. AT: "I wish I had someone to hear me" or "I wish that someone would listen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# here is my signature -* **here is my signature** - Job is describing his complaint to God as if he wrote it down in a legal document. He would write his name on it as a promise that everything in the document is true. -* **if only I had the indictment that my opponent has written** - "if only I could read my opponent's complaint against me" -* **Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown** - This means if God would write down his complaints against Job, then Job would put the document where everyone could read it. -* **for my steps** - This refers to Job's actions. -* **as a confident prince** - This means Job would approach God without any fear. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here "my signature" represents Job's promise that everything he is saying is true. He speaks of his complaint as if he had written a legal document. AT: "I solemnly promise that all I have said is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let the Almighty answer me! + +Here an answer probably refers to telling Job what wrong he accuses Job of doing. AT: "let the Almighty tell me what I have done wrong" or "I wish the Almighty would say what I have done wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If only I had the indictment that my opponent has written! + +This expresses Job's wish. Job speaks as though his troubles are evidence that someone has written something accusing him of terrible sin. AT: "I wish I had the accusation that my opponent has written" or "If only I could read my opponent's complaint against me" + +# my opponent + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to God or 2) this refers to someone else. + +# Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown + +This represents putting it where everyone could read it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I would declare to him an accounting for my steps + +Here "my steps" represents Job's actions. AT: "I would declare to him an accounting for all I have done" or "I would tell him everything I have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a confident prince I would go up to him + +This means Job would approach God without any fear. Job implies that he could do this because he was not guilty. AT: "I would approach him boldly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/38.md b/job/31/38.md index 02fb241ab1..5a1e3209ed 100644 --- a/job/31/38.md +++ b/job/31/38.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barley]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:thorn]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wheat|wheat]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This concludes Job's description of situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together -* This concludes Job's description of situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together** - Job describes the land as a person who cries because Job has stolen it from its proper owner. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Job speaks of being guilty as if his land were a person who cries out against Job because of the wrong Job has done to the land. AT: "If I have done wrong concerning my land" or "If I have stolen my land from someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to lose their lives + +This represents dying. AT: "to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# weeds instead of barley + +The words "let" and "grow" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "let weeds grow instead of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/intro.md b/job/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de254f9a0d --- /dev/null +++ b/job/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Job 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh. + +In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/upright]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/01.md b/job/32/01.md index c15347d012..92a4ea5d02 100644 --- a/job/32/01.md +++ b/job/32/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he was righteous in his own eyes -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "he considered himself righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Then was kindled the anger of Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; it was kindled against Job -* **in his own eyes** - AT: "in his own understanding" or "in his own opinion" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Then was kindled the anger of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; it was kindled against Job** - This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. AT: "Then Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry with Job" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Elihu...Barachel...Ram** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Buzite** - This is the name of a people-group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "Then Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry with Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Elihu ... Barakel ... Ram + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Buzite + +This is the name of a people-group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he justified himself rather than God + +This means that he considered himself innocent and believed God had been wrong to punish him. AT: "he justified himself and claimed that God had been wrong to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/03.md b/job/32/03.md index ae89c640c0..b1a75fc081 100644 --- a/job/32/03.md +++ b/job/32/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Elihu's anger was also kindled against his three friends -* [[en:tw:condemn]] +This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Elihu also became very angry with his three friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Elihu's anger was also kindled against his three friends** - This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. AT: "Elihu also became very angry with his three friends" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This tells background information about Elihu. (See: en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background) -* **that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men** - AT: "that these three men had nothing else to say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his anger was kindled** - Again,this compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. AT: "he became very angry" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This tells background information about Elihu. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men + +This means that the men were done speaking to Job. This speaks of the men possibly having an answer as if the answer were an object that would be in their mouths. AT: "that these three men had nothing else to say" or "that these three men had no more answers to give Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his anger was kindled + +This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/06.md b/job/32/06.md index b6bfa60999..7300723c55 100644 --- a/job/32/06.md +++ b/job/32/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# you are very old -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here "you" is plural and refers to Job and his three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Length of days should speak; a multitude of years should teach wisdom -* **you are very old** - Here "you" is plural and refers to Job and his three friends. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **length of days should speak** - Elihu describes "days" and "years" as a person who can speak. AT: "Those who are older should speak their wisdom first" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **days...years** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]] +These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu emphasizes that since older people are wiser than younger people, they should be the first to speak of what they know. AT: "He who has lived many years should speak; He would is older should teach wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/08.md b/job/32/08.md index 658813a063..65ac784b68 100644 --- a/job/32/08.md +++ b/job/32/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job and his friends. -## translationNotes +# there is a spirit in a man; the breath of the Almighty -* Elihu continues speaking to Job and his friends. -* **a spirit...the breath of the Almighty** - Both phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that a man's wisdom comes from God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Both phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that a man's wisdom comes from God. AT: "there is a spirit in a man, that is, the breath of the Almighty that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the breath of the Almighty + +Here the spirit is represented by "breath." AT: "the spirit of the Almighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/11.md b/job/32/11.md index 681bac1335..3518ad712d 100644 --- a/job/32/11.md +++ b/job/32/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:word]] +Elihu uses this word here to draw the mens' attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" -## translationNotes +# I waited for your words -* **I waited for your words** - Elihu is speaking to Job's friends. AT: "I waited to hear what you would say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"I waited to hear what you would say." The word "your" refers to Job's friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# who could respond to his words + +Here the word "respond" does not just mean to answer, but to answer with a helpful response. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/13.md b/job/32/13.md index 48c4bccf17..16b5aa9533 100644 --- a/job/32/13.md +++ b/job/32/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job's friends. -## translationNotes +# We have found wisdom -* Elihu continues speaking to Job's friends. -* **We have found wisdom** - "we are the wise ones" -* **to defeat Job** - "to convince Job" or "to answer Job" +This means that they believe that they have figured out what is wise. AT: "We have discovered what is wise" + +# to defeat Job + +This speaks of God responding to Job and correcting him as if he were defeating him in battle. AT: "to refute Job" or "to answer Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with your words + +"by saying what you have said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/15.md b/job/32/15.md index 079334f51d..434f915653 100644 --- a/job/32/15.md +++ b/job/32/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# dumbfounded -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **dumbfounded** - "speechless" -* **they have not a word more to say** - This means the same as the previous two parts of the sentence. Elihu emphasizes that Job's friends have nothing left to say. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Should I wait because they are not speaking, because they stand there silent and answer no more?** - Elihu uses a question to emphasize that he will not wait any longer to speak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"very upset" + +# Should I wait because they are not speaking, because they stand there silent and answer no more? + +Elihu uses a question to emphasize that he will not wait any longer to speak. Elihu answers this question himself in the next verse. AT: But because you do not speak, I certainly will not wait any longer; you merely stand there and do not reply anymore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/17.md b/job/32/17.md index bdcc027064..eef1c8bf3a 100644 --- a/job/32/17.md +++ b/job/32/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms. -## translationNotes +# I also will answer on my part -* Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms. -* **I am full of words** - "I have so much to say" -* **the spirit in me compels me** - AT: "I must speak right now" -* **my breast is like fermenting wine that has no vent; like new wineskins, it is ready to burst** - While wine is fermenting, gas collects in the container. If the gas is not let out the container will burst. Elihu means that he has so much to say that if he does not speak he feels like he will burst. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"I will now take my turn to answer" + +# I am full of words + +Elihu speaks of having a lot to say as being full of words. AT: "I have so much to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the spirit in me compels me + +"my spirit forces me to say it" + +# my breast is like fermenting wine that has no vent; like new wineskins, it is ready to burst + +While wine is fermenting, gas collects in the container. If the gas is not let out the container will burst. Elihu means that he has so much to say that if he does not speak he feels like he will burst. Also, these two phrases are parallel and have the same meaning. AT: "I feel like my breast is about to burst, like a container of fermenting wine that has no vent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my breast is + +This represents Elihu, specifically his spirit. AT: "my spirit is" or "I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/20.md b/job/32/20.md index 65c2b0d3d1..d2389c693b 100644 --- a/job/32/20.md +++ b/job/32/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] +Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms for emphasis. -## translationNotes +# I may be refreshed -* Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms for emphasis. -* **I may be refreshed** - AT: "I may feel better" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **open my lips** - AT: "open my mouth" or "speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **neither will I give honorific titles to any man** - "neither will I praise any man or give him titles of honor" -* **my Maker** - "God who made me" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I may feel better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# open my lips + +Here the "lips" represent the mouth. AT: "open my mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# neither will I give honorific titles to any man + +"neither will I praise any man or give him titles of honor" + +# my Maker + +This is a name referring to God. AT: "God who made me." + +# take me away + +This means that he would destroy him. AT: "destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/intro.md b/job/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4c4dc9319f --- /dev/null +++ b/job/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Job 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Job's friends give up on trying to convince him that he is being punished for sinning. This chapter introduces Elihu who was a witness to these interactions between Job and his friends. According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the first of Elihu's four statements. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 32:6-22, which is an extended quotation. This quotation continues through the next chapter. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/01.md b/job/33/01.md index f95fdd460e..87ed237b60 100644 --- a/job/33/01.md +++ b/job/33/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# hear my speech; listen to all my words -* Elihu continue speaking. -* **hear my speech, listen to my words** - These mean the same thing. Elihu emphasizing that Job must listen carefully. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **I have opened my mouth; my tongue has spoken in my mouth** - These mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that he is now ready to speak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **My words will speak the uprightness of my heart** - AT: "I will speak with complete honesty" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **what my lips know, they will speak sincerely** - AT: "I will speak sincerely to you the things I know" See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that Job must listen carefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I have opened my mouth ... my tongue has spoken in my mouth + +These mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that he is now ready to speak. His "tongue" speaking represents himself speaking. AT: "I have opened my mouth and I have begun to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My words come from the uprightness of my heart + +Here Elihu refers to himself by his "heart" as he speaks of being upright. AT: "I will speak with uprightness" or "I will speak with complete honesty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my lips speak pure knowledge + +Here Elihu refers to himself by his "lips" to emphasize his speech. AT: "I will speak sincerely to you the things I know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/04.md b/job/33/04.md index af118529a1..dc51c41849 100644 --- a/job/33/04.md +++ b/job/33/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# The Spirit of God ... has given me life -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **The Spirit of God...the breath of the Almighty** - These mean the same thing. They emphasize that God is the one who gives power to Elhu to speak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **set your words in order before me and stand up** - "prepare what you will say and answer me" +These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that God has made him and so gives authority to what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# set your words in order before me and stand up + +This speaks of Job preparing what he will say as if he were setting up and organizing physical objects. AT: "prepare what you will say, and stand up and answer me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/06.md b/job/33/06.md index e7a3326b39..93721a3333 100644 --- a/job/33/06.md +++ b/job/33/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# See -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **I also have been formed out of the clay** - AT: "God has also made me out the clay" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **neither will my pressure be heavy upon you** - AT: "I will not oppress you with what I say" or "I will speak gently to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Elihu uses this word here to draw Job's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" + +# I am just as you are in God's sight + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "I am just as you are in God's judgment" or "God judges me the same way that he judges you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I also have been formed out of the clay + +Though people are not made out of clay, God has made everyone as a potter carefully makes things out of clay. AT: "God has made both of us just as a potter forms things from clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I also have been formed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has also made me" or "God has formed both of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# terror of me will not make you afraid + +"you do not need to be afraid of me" + +# neither will my pressure be heavy upon you + +This means that he will not hinder Job or burden him. He speaks of emotional burden here as if it were a heavy physical burden. AT: "neither will I burden you" or "I will not oppress you with what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/08.md b/job/33/08.md index f02aa6414d..d43d6ceac9 100644 --- a/job/33/08.md +++ b/job/33/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# in my hearing -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **I have heard the sound of your words saying** - AT: "I have heard you say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I am clean and without transgression; I am innocent, and there is no sin in me** - All of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "I am completely innocent of any wrong doing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"where I could hear you" + +# I have heard the sound of your words saying + +"I have heard you say" + +# clean + +A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no sin in me + +"I have not sinned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/10.md b/job/33/10.md index 1f686767e5..02fb0c4e80 100644 --- a/job/33/10.md +++ b/job/33/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Elihu continues quoting what he heard Job say. -## translationNotes +# See -* Elihu continues quoting what he heard Job say. -* **puts my feet in the stocks** - "Stocks" are wooden blocks a jailer puts around a prisoner's feet to restrict his movement. AT: "I feel like God's prisoner" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my paths** - This refers to Job's actions. -* **I will answer you** - Elihu is speaking to Job. +The speaker uses this word here to draw attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" + +# He puts my feet in stocks + +"Stocks" are wooden blocks a jailer puts around a prisoner's feet to restrict his movement. Job speaks of feeling like he is a prisoner by saying that he is in stocks. AT: "I feel he has made me a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my paths + +These words refer to where he goes. Here where he goes represents what he does. AT: "everything that I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will answer you + +Elihu is speaking to Job. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/13.md b/job/33/13.md index 85b9bdd2e7..c2ed162c02 100644 --- a/job/33/13.md +++ b/job/33/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Why do you struggle against him? -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **Why do you struggle against him?** - AT: "You should not even try to argue with God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **He does not account for any of his doings** - "He does not have to explain to us anything he does" -* **God speaks once—yes, twice** - AT: "God speak again and again in different ways" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a dream, in a vision of the night** - These mean the same thing. AT: "a dream, which is a vision in the night" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumber on the bed** - AT: "when people are fully asleep on their bed" +Elihu uses this question to emphasize that Job should not struggle against God. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not struggle against God." or "You should not try to argue with God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He does not account for any of his doings + +"He does not have to explain to us anything he does" + +# God speaks once—yes, twice + +This is an idiom. AT: "God speaks again and again in different ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a dream ... a vision of the night + +These phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumber on the bed + +This speaks of people being in a deep sleep as if the sleep fell upon them or overcame them. AT: "when people are fully asleep on their bed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/16.md b/job/33/16.md index ebe4f28aea..8c7885c944 100644 --- a/job/33/16.md +++ b/job/33/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# then God opens the ears of men -* Elihu continue speaking to Job. -* **then God opens the ears of men** - AT: "then God reveals things to people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **God keeps man's life back from the pit, his life from crossing over to death** - Both of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "God saves people from the grave and from death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This speaks of God making people aware of things as if he were opening their ears so that they could hear. AT: "then God reveals things to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in order to pull man back from + +This speaks of God keeping someone from doing something as if he were physically pulling him away from harm. AT: "in order to keep him from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God keeps man's life back from the pit ... his life from crossing over to death + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "God saves people from the grave and from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the pit + +The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# man's life back ... his life + +This is an idiom. AT: "man from dying and ... he keeps him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# from crossing over to death + +Here "death" represents the place where people go when they die, that is, sheol. AT: "from going to sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/19.md b/job/33/19.md index 25fe9fe8c6..63bb4d5644 100644 --- a/job/33/19.md +++ b/job/33/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Man is punished also -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **Man is punished also** - AT: "God also punishes a person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his life...his soul** - Both of these refer to the person. AT: "he...he" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **abhors delicacies** - "hates even his favorite food" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God also punishes a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with pain on his bed + +This means that the person is experiencing such pain that he must lie in bed. AT: "with pain so that he must lie in bed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that his life abhors food, and his soul abhors delicacies + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing, that the person is in so much pain that he cannot even eat. The person is represented by his "life" and his "soul." AT: "the result is that he does not desire any food, not even very special food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# abhors delicacies + +"hates even very special food" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/21.md b/job/33/21.md index b713df911d..6b0fa14e9a 100644 --- a/job/33/21.md +++ b/job/33/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# His flesh is consumed away so that it cannot be seen; his bones, once not seen, now stick out -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **His flesh is consumed away so that it cannot be seen; his bones, once not seen, now stick out** - AT: "Disease makes his body weak and thin so that a person can see his bones" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his soul draws close to the pit** - AT: "he is close to going into the grave" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **his life to the those who wish to destroy it** - The phrase "those who wish to destroy it" may refer to the people who are already in the place where dead people go. It may also refer to the angel of death that comes and causes the person to die. AT: "he is close to dying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. "His flesh" refers to his fat and muscles, not to his body's outer skin. AT: "Disease makes his body weak and thin so that a person can see his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his soul draws close to the pit + +Here a person is represented by his "soul." AT: "he is close to going into the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the pit + +The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his life to those who wish to destroy it + +Here the person is represented by his "life." The phrase "those who wish to destroy it" refers to the place where people go after they die. AT: "and he is close to going to the place where dead people go" or "and he will soon go to the place of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/23.md b/job/33/23.md index 92f83f6182..a0334875fe 100644 --- a/job/33/23.md +++ b/job/33/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:mediator]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# for him -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **for him** - This does not refer to a specific person. Elihu continues speaking about any person in general. -* **one from among the thousands of angels** - "one from the great number of angels" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This does not refer to a specific person. Elihu continues speaking about any person in general. + +# from among the thousands of angels + +In some languages it may be more natural to refer to a "great number" instead of "thousands." AT: "from the great number of angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the pit + +The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have found a ransom for him + +This means that the angel has found a way to pay for the sins of the man so that he does not have to die. AT: "for I have found a way for you to keep him from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/25.md b/job/33/25.md index 6c4a3dce4e..93a21ed9fc 100644 --- a/job/33/25.md +++ b/job/33/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# then -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **then** - "as a result of the angel's request to God" -* **his flesh will become fresher than a child’s** - AT: "the sick man's body will become new again like a young person's body" -* **he will return to the days of his youthful strength** - "he will become strong again" -* **he sees God’s face with joy** - "he joyfully worships God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **God will give the person his triumph** - "God will save the person" or "God will make things right for the person." This could also mean that the person announce to others how God saved him. +The word "then" is used here to mark what will happen if God grants the angel's request. AT: "then as a result" or "as a result of the angel's request to God" + +# his flesh will become fresher than a child's + +This speaks of the man being healed and his body growing strong again as if his body became new like a child's body. AT: "the sick man's body will become new again like a young person's body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# fresher than a child's + +In this comparison, the word "fresher" is an exaggeration. AT: "fresh like a child's" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# a child's + +This refers to a child's flesh. AT: "a child's flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# he will return to the days of his youthful strength + +This speaks of the man being strong again like when he was young as if he was in fact actually young again. AT: "he will become strong again, like when he was young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he sees God's face with joy + +This is an idiom. AT: "he joyfully worships God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# God's face + +Here God is represented by his "face." AT: "God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# God will give the person his triumph + +"God will save the person" or "God will make things right for the person again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/27.md b/job/33/27.md index b36cba1216..549c882552 100644 --- a/job/33/27.md +++ b/job/33/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:perverse]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# but my sin was not punished -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **I sinned and perverted that which was right** - The words "sinned" and "perverted" mean basically the same thing. AT: "I sinned and did evil instead of doing what is right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **but my sin was not punished** - AT: "but God did not punish me for sinning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **rescued my soul** - AT: "rescued me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **my life will continue to see light** - He will see the light of life instead of the darkness he would see in death. AT: "I will continue to live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but God did not punish me for sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# rescued my soul from going down into the pit + +Here the person is referred to by his "soul." AT: "rescued me from dying and going to the pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the pit + +The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my life will continue to see light + +Here the person is represented by his "life." Also, living is spoken of as seeing the light. AT: "I will continue to live and see the daylight" or "I will continue to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/29.md b/job/33/29.md index e3af95a8d9..05e687e459 100644 --- a/job/33/29.md +++ b/job/33/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# See -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **twice, yes, even three times** - AT: "again and again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his soul** - AT: "him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **he may be enlightened with the light of life** - AT: "he may be happy to still be alive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Elihu uses this word here to draw Job's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" + +# twice, yes, even three times + +This is an idiom. AT: "again and again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his soul + +The person is represented by his "soul." AT: "him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to bring his soul back from the pit + +This speaks of saving the man from dying as if he had died and was being brought back to life. AT: "to keep him from dying and going to the pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the pit + +The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he may be enlightened with the light of life + +This is an idiom and may be stated in active form. AT: "he may be happy to still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/31.md b/job/33/31.md index 032ae977f2..2b13cfaaa4 100644 --- a/job/33/31.md +++ b/job/33/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## translationNotes +# Pay attention, Job, and listen to me -* Elihu continues speaking to Job. -* **pay attention, Job, listen to me** - These phrases mean the same thing. AT: "Listen carefully to me, Job" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These phrases mean the same thing. AT: "Listen carefully to me, Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that you are in the right + +This is an idiom. AT: "that you are innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/intro.md b/job/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c136db04c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Job 33 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the first of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This quotation is a continuation of the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's mercy ##### +While Job has been complaining about the lack of justice and response from Yahweh, Elihu shows Job that Yahweh has shown him great mercy along the way. He is still alive because of Yahweh's mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/01.md b/job/34/01.md index 462fb7ed70..36021bda0a 100644 --- a/job/34/01.md +++ b/job/34/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Moreover, Elihu -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Then, Elihu" -## translationNotes +# Elihu -* **Elihu** - See how you translated this [[en:bible:notes:job:32:01]]. -* **Listen to my words** - AT: "Listen to what I say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you wise men...you who have knowledge** - Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not think they are actually wise. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **For the ear tries words as the palate tastes food** - Elihu means people listen carefully to determine what is right or wrong just like we taste food to determine if it is good or bad. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 32:2](../32/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Listen to my words + +"Listen to what I say" + +# you wise men ... you who have knowledge + +Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not think they are actually wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# For the ear tries words as the palate tastes food + +Elihu means people listen carefully to determine what is right or wrong just like we taste food to determine if it is good or bad. Here people are referred to by their "ear" and their "palate" to emphasize that they are tasting and hearing. AT: "For we listen to words to know what is good and bad, just as we taste foods to know what is good to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/04.md b/job/34/04.md index 19250f8bcd..c1c29f14b3 100644 --- a/job/34/04.md +++ b/job/34/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Let us -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **Let us** - Here "us" refers to Elihu, Job, and his three friends. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **has taken away my rights** - "refused to give me justice" -* **I am considered to be a liar** - AT: "my friends think I am a liar." This could possibly mean: "God is not telling the truth about me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **My wound is incurable** - AT: "I am sick and no one can heal me" +Here "us" refers to Elihu, Job, and his three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# has taken away my rights + +"refused to give me justice" + +# I am considered to be a liar + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God considers me to be a liar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My wound is incurable + +Here Job's sickness and suffering is spoken of as if it were a "wound." AT: "I am sick and no one can heal me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/07.md b/job/34/07.md index 54e0aa4e11..f7cf5113fd 100644 --- a/job/34/07.md +++ b/job/34/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# What man is like Job -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **What man is like Job** - Elihu uses a question to scold Job. AT: "There is no one else like Job" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who drinks up mockery like water** - Elihu is accusing Job of enjoying mocking other people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **who walks with wicked men** - AT: "who behaves like wicked men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Elihu uses this rhetorical question to scold Job. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is no one else like Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who drinks up mockery like water + +Elihu is accusing Job of mocking others as often as a person drinks water. AT: "who mocks other people as frequently as he drinks water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# who walks with wicked men + +Here "walk" is an idiom for how a person acts. AT: "who behaves like wicked men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/10.md b/job/34/10.md index 26058668bf..2660f80a24 100644 --- a/job/34/10.md +++ b/job/34/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:perverse]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +Elihu continues speaking. Each of these verses contain parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# you men of understanding -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **you men of understanding** - Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not actually think they are wise. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **far be it from the Almighty that he should commit sin** - This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. Elihu emphasizes that God always does what is right. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **he makes every man come upon the reward of his own ways** - This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. Elihu emphasizes that God gives to people what they deserve. -* **nor does the Almighty ever pervert justice** - This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. Elihu again emphasizes that God always does what is right. +Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not actually think they are wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# far be it from God ... far be it from the Almighty that he should commit sin + +These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God would never do anything wrong. The phrase "far be it from" is an idiom. AT: "Almighty God would never consider doing anything that is wicked or wrong!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For he pays back a person's work + +This means that he gives to a person what he deserves for the work he has done. Here "work" is a metaphor for what a person does. AT: "For he gives to a person what he deserves in return for he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he makes every man come upon the reward of his own ways + +The phrase "his own ways" is an idiom for how a person lives his life. Elihu emphasizes that God gives to people what they deserve. AT: "he causes every man to receive the reward he deserves for how he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/13.md b/job/34/13.md index ee5eed5a12..25eb817328 100644 --- a/job/34/13.md +++ b/job/34/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Who put him in charge over the earth? Who put the whole world under him? -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **Who put him in charge over the earth? Who put the whole world under him?** - Both of these mean the same thing. AT: "No one was needed to give permission to God to take responsibility over all the earth. He is the rightful one to rule the world." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If he ever** - Elihu is describing a situation that he does not believe would ever happen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **his spirit and his breath** - his spirit and his breath AT: "his spirit and breath which gives us life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **all flesh** - AT: "all living things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Both of these rhetorical questions have the same meaning and emphasize that no one needed to grant God authority because it was already his. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "No one needed to give permission to God to take responsibility over all the earth. He is the rightful one to rule the world." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If he ever + +Elihu is describing a situation that he does not believe would ever happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# his spirit and his breath + +The "spirit" and "breath" of God are what makes all living things alive. AT: "his spirit and breath which give us life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all flesh + +Here all living things are represented by their "flesh." AT: "all living things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# mankind would return to dust again + +This means that all people would die and their bodies would decay and become soil. In the beginning God created man from the dust. AT: "the bodies of mankind would soon become soil again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/16.md b/job/34/16.md index 5632fd92e7..c523a5dbc1 100644 --- a/job/34/16.md +++ b/job/34/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# now -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **now** - Elihu uses this word to bring attention to something important he is about to say. -* **you have** - Here "you" is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **listen to the sound of my words** - This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. AT: "listen to what I say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Can one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty?** - AT: "One who hates justice cannot be expected to rule over people. So you really cannot criticize God, who is righteous and powerful, and you cannot say that what he has done is wrong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Elihu uses this word to bring attention to something important he is about to say. + +# you have + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# listen to the sound of my words + +"listen to what I say." This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Can one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? + +Elihu uses this question to rebuke Job for implying that God hates justice. AT: "One who hates justice cannot be expected to rule over people. So you really cannot criticize God, who is righteous and powerful, and you cannot say that what he has done is wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can one who hates justice govern? + +The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is "no." This question implies that God could not rule the world if he hated justice. This can be written as a statement. AT: "One who hates justice cannot govern the world." or "God could certainly never hate what is right and still rule the world." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? + +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that Job does not have the authority or a reason to condemn God. AT: "You cannot condemn God, who is righteous and mighty!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/18.md b/job/34/18.md index fe4c286b35..a68c1d6833 100644 --- a/job/34/18.md +++ b/job/34/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# God, who says to a king, 'You are vile,' or says to nobles, 'You are wicked'? -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **God, who says to a king, ‘You are vile,’or says to nobles, ‘You are wicked?** - This continues the question from the previous verse. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **vile** - "evil" or "worthless" (UDB) -* **for they all are the work of his hands** - Here "hands" refer to power. AT: "for God made them all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **at midnight the people will be shaken and will pass away** - "Midnight" is the time when one day ends and another begins. AT: "when a person's time is over, God strikes him and he dies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the mighty will be taken away, but not by human hands** - AT: "it is God and not humans who causes important people to die." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This continues the rhetorical question from the previous verse, emphasizing to Job that he cannot condemn God. This can be written as a statement. AT: "He says to some kings, 'You are vile,' and he says to some nobles, 'You are wicked.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# God, who says to a king + +This is part of the previous question. The understood words from the previous verse, "will you condemn God," may be supplied. AT: "Will you condemn God, who says to a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# vile + +"evil" or "worthless" + +# for they all are the work of his hands + +Here "hands" refer to power. AT: "for God made them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# at midnight + +Midnight is the time when one day ends and another begins. Here "midnight" is used as an idiom. AT: "at night" or "suddenly, at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# people will be shaken and will pass away + +This can be stated in active form. The phrase "will be shaken" is an idiom that means to be "struck." AT: "God strikes them and they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# mighty people will be taken away, but not by human hands + +This means that it is God who causes people to die, not people. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "it is God and not humans who cause mighty people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# not by human hands + +Here people are represented by their "hands." AT: "not by humans" or "not by people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/21.md b/job/34/21.md index f7dd9ebfa1..290e6e8277 100644 --- a/job/34/21.md +++ b/job/34/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For God's eyes are upon a person's ways -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +God's "eyes" represent his sight. The phrase "a person's ways" is an idiom for what he does and how he lives. AT: "For God watches everything a person does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he sees all his steps -* **For God’s eyes are upon a person’s ways** - AT: "For God watches everything a person does" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he sees all his steps** - "he sees him wherever he goes" -* **darkness...thick gloom** - These mean basically the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This means that he always knows where the person is and where he is going. AT: "he sees him wherever he goes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no darkness, no thick gloom + +The words "thick gloom" mean basically the same thing as, and intensify, the word "darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in judgment + +"so he may judge him" or "to be judged" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/24.md b/job/34/24.md index c36c749c8f..10b781faf2 100644 --- a/job/34/24.md +++ b/job/34/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# He breaks mighty men into pieces -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **He breaks mighty men into pieces** - AT: "He destroys rulers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **for their ways that need no further investigation** - "because he already knows what they have done" -* **he puts others in their places** - "and he chooses other people to rule in their places" -* **in the night** - AT: "when they are not expecting it" +This speaks of God destroying these men as if he actually broke their bodies into pieces. AT: "He destroys mighty men" or "He destroys important people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for their ways that need no further investigation + +He does not need to investigate what they have done because he already knows everything about them. AT: "without needing to do further investigation, because he already knows their ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# their ways + +This is an idiom. AT: "the things they have done" + +# he puts others in their places + +This means that he appoints other people to rule in their positions. AT: "and he chooses other people to rule in their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the night + +This is an idiom. AT: "when they are not expecting it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and destroys them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/26.md b/job/34/26.md index f664120b66..00a2f0da41 100644 --- a/job/34/26.md +++ b/job/34/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:criminal]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# In the open sight of others, he kills them for their wicked deeds like criminals -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **In the open sight of others** - "In a place where everyone can see" -* **they turned away from following him** - AT: "they would not obey him" -* **his ways** - This refers to God's instructions for how people should behave. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they made the cry of the poor come to him** - "they made the poor people cry, and God heard them" +This phrase compares the way that these people die to how criminals die. AT: "He kills them for their wicked deeds, in the open sight of others as if they were criminals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# In the open sight of others + +This is an idiom. AT: "In a place where everyone can see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he kills them + +This speaks of God causing these people to die, though he does not actually strike them with a sword himself. He may cause someone else to kill them or disaster to come upon them. AT: "he causes them to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his ways + +This refers to God's instructions for how people should behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they made the cry of poor people come to him + +The word "cry" can be expressed as a verb. This speaks of God hearing their cry as if the cry were a person that came to him. AT: "they made the poor people cry, and God heard them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/29.md b/job/34/29.md index f03946f21d..7be57bbc80 100644 --- a/job/34/29.md +++ b/job/34/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# When he stays silent, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, who can perceive him? -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **When he stays silent, who can condemn him?** - Elihu uses a question to teach Job. AT: "No one can criticize God if he decides to remain silent" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If he hides his face, who can perceive him?** - Elihu uses another question for the same reason. AT: "No one can go and see him if he decides to hide himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **no one to entrap the people** - This compares a godless ruler to a hunter who traps his prey. AT: "no one to harm the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two questions speak of God not punishing wicked people as if he were being silent and hiding his face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# When he stays silent, who can condemn him? + +Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can criticize God if he decides to remain silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If he hides his face, who can perceive him? + +Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can go and see him if he decides to hide his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his face + +Here God is represented by his "face." AT: "himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# no one to entrap people + +This compares a godless ruler harming people as if he were a hunter trapping his prey. AT: "no one to harm the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/31.md b/job/34/31.md index a70938fda0..399f142543 100644 --- a/job/34/31.md +++ b/job/34/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# teach me what I cannot see -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **teach me what I cannot see** - AT: "teach me what I have done wrong and did not even know it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Do you think that God will punish that person’s sin, since you dislike what God does?** - Elihu uses a question for emphasis. AT: "Even though you do not like what God does, surely even you do not think that God will punish this person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here to "see" means to know. AT: "teach me what I have done wrong that I am not aware of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do you think that God will punish that person's sin, since you dislike what God does? + +"Since you dislike what God does, do you think that God should punish this person's sin?" Elihu uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he should not think that God will not punish this man. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Even though you do not like what God does, surely even you do not think that God will punish this person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that person's sin + +Here punishing the person because of his sin is referred to as punishing the "person's sin." AT: "that person because of his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# since you dislike + +"because you dislike" + +# what it is that you know + +"what you are thinking about this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/34.md b/job/34/34.md index c2b4ee90f7..16b6317f7f 100644 --- a/job/34/34.md +++ b/job/34/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# who hears me -* Elihu continues speaking. +"who hears me speaking" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/36.md b/job/34/36.md index 508279b5d5..e3cc519322 100644 --- a/job/34/36.md +++ b/job/34/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# If only Job were put on trial in -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:trial]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If only we could put Job on trial in" or "If only we could take Job to court so a judge could listen to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# in the smallest details of his case -* **If only Job were put on trial in the smallest details of his case** - AT: "If only we could take Job to court so a judge could listen to all of Job's complaints" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he claps his hands in mockery in our midst** - AT: "he mocks God right in front of us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he piles up words against God** - AT: "he keeps on saying bad things about God" +This is an idiom. AT: "to listen to his case thoroughly" or "to hear all of the details of his case" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# of his talking like wicked men + +"of how he has spoken like a wicked man" + +# he adds rebellion + +This refers to rebellion against God. AT: "he adds rebellion against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he claps his hands in mockery in our midst + +In this accusation, this means that Job clapped his hands to strengthen his mockery of God. AT: "he claps his hands as he mocks God in our midst" or "he mocks God right in front of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# he piles up words against God + +Elihu speaks of "words" as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. AT: "he speaks many words against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/intro.md b/job/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..00e8daf993 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Job 34 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the second of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's justice ##### +Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/01.md b/job/35/01.md index 8032ca46c4..2c10eef8b1 100644 --- a/job/35/01.md +++ b/job/35/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you think this is just ... 'My right before God'? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. AT: "You must think you are right ... 'My right before God.'" or "It is not just ... 'My right before God.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Do you think this is just when you say -* **Do you think you are innocent? Do you think, ‘I am more righteous than God?** - Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. AT: "You must think you are innocent and more righteous than God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do you think** - Here "you" is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **For you say, ‘What use is it to me that I am righteous? What good is it to me now, more than if I had sinned?** - AT: "For you say that it does not matter that you are righteous. It is no more benefit to you than if you had sinned." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Do you think it is right for you to say" + +# Do you think + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# My right before God + +Possible meanings are 1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or 2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right. + +# For you ask, 'What use is it to me?' and, 'Would I be better off if I had sinned?' + +Elihu quotes Job as saying the these two rhetorical questions. AT: "For you say, 'It does not benefit me' and, 'I am no better off than if I had sinned.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/04.md b/job/35/04.md index a8b34a7029..718ca53c0e 100644 --- a/job/35/04.md +++ b/job/35/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] - -## translationNotes - -* Elihu continues speaking. -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Elihu continues speaking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/06.md b/job/35/06.md index c3613af1f6..5398b9101b 100644 --- a/job/35/06.md +++ b/job/35/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# If you have sinned ... what do you do to him? -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **If you have sinned, what harm do you do to God?** - AT: "All of your many sins cannot harm the person or character of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If your transgressions pile up high, what do you do to him?** - AT: "Though you sin continually and with huge results, your sins have no effect on him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **If you are righteous, what can you give to him? What will he receive from your hand?** - AT: "Or if your behavior is perfect, you still have no effect on God. He is already perfect; you cannot improve God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **from your hand** - AT: "from you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **son of man** - "fellow human-being " or "another person" +These two lines share similar meanings. The second line intensifies the meaning of the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# If you have sinned, what harm do you do to God? + +Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job's sins cannot actually do anything to God. AT: "If you have sinned, you have not done any harm to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If your transgressions pile up high, what do you do to him? + +Elihu speaks of "transgressions" as if they were objects, and of committing many transgressions as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. He asks this question to emphasize that Job does nothing to God by his transgressions. AT: "If you committed a great many transgressions, you still do nothing to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If you are righteous, what can you give to him? What will he receive from your hand? + +The two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing, that Job's righteousness adds nothing to God. AT: "If you are righteous, that does not enable you to give anything to him, and there is nothing that he will receive from your hand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# receive from your hand + +Here the word "hand" represents Job. AT: "receive from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# another son of man + +"another human-being" or "another person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/09.md b/job/35/09.md index 5da7d3641c..c25b084b53 100644 --- a/job/35/09.md +++ b/job/35/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Because of many acts of oppression -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **from the arms of mighty men** - Here "arms" refers to power or strength. AT: "because powerful men harm them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **But no one says, 'Where is God my Maker...birds of the sky?'** - AT: "But the truly righteous person is never so arrogant as to suggest that God has abandoned them, or to say that God has refused to give them the ability to sing joyful songs, instead of very sad songs, during their suffering." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who gives songs in the night** - This means that God's promises give people reason to have joy even when they suffer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "oppression" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "Because of the many things that people do to oppress others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they call for help from the arms of mighty men + +Here "arms" refers to power or strength. AT: "they call for someone to deliver them from the power of mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who gives songs in the night + +Elihu speaks of God enabling people to have hope in troubling circumstances as if he were giving to them songs which they can sing during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/12.md b/job/35/12.md index 62fa581d13..4c963289f7 100644 --- a/job/35/12.md +++ b/job/35/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# they cry out -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **they cry out** - "the oppressed people cry out" -* **How much less will he answer you** - AT: "He certainly will not answer you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"the oppressed people cry out" + +# How much less will he answer you ... that you are waiting for him! + +Since God will not hear the prayers of prideful, evil men, it is even less likely that he will hear Job, who is complaining against him. AT: "So he certainly will not answer you ... that you are waiting for him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# that your case is before him + +"you have presented your case to him" + +# you are waiting for him + +"you are waiting for him to respond" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/15.md b/job/35/15.md index c1e26c0b73..b3046a7d16 100644 --- a/job/35/15.md +++ b/job/35/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Elihu continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# How much less will he answer you ... concerned about people's pride -* Elihu continues speaking. -* **How much less will he answer you** - AT: "He will certainly not answer you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **he piles up words** - AT: "he continues talking" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Elihu says that it is even less likely that God will answer Job's prayers since Job is saying these things about God that are untrue. + +# he never punishes anyone in anger + +"he never punishes anyone because he is angry" + +# he piles up words without knowledge + +Elihu speaks of "words" as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. The word "knowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "he speaks many words without knowing what he is talking about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/intro.md b/job/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60e2ef0843 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Job 35 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the third of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Elihu uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job. These questions help to build Elihu's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Ironic situation ##### +Elihu explains the irony of Job's claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/01.md b/job/36/01.md index 0336d25e7b..8c626ad93b 100644 --- a/job/36/01.md +++ b/job/36/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will show you some things -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:maker]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Elihu speaks of explaining things to Job as if he were going to show those things to Job. AT: "I will explain some things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will obtain my knowledge from far off -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Elihu speaks of having knowledge of many different subjects as if it were getting his knowledge from far away places. AT: "I will show you my great knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that righteousness belongs to my Maker + +Here the word "righteousness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "that my Maker is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/04.md b/job/36/04.md index 9b30c7d2a7..176a6054d0 100644 --- a/job/36/04.md +++ b/job/36/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# my words will not be false -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"what I say will not be false" -## translationNotes +# someone who is mature in knowledge is with you -* **my words will not be false** - AT: "I will say what is true" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **See** - The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **he is mighty in strength of understanding** - The phrase "mighty in strength" means "very strong." AT: "he is very strong in understanding" or "he understands everything very well" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "someone" refers to Elihu himself. He speaks of being very knowledgeable as if it were being mature in knowledge. AT: "I, who am with you, am very knowledgeable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# See + +"Indeed." The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# he is mighty in strength of understanding + +The phrase "mighty in strength" forms a doublet that means "very strong." Elihu speaks of God understanding everything perfectly as if his understanding were very strong. AT: "he is very strong in understanding" or "he understands everything completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/06.md b/job/36/06.md index cb3b0226a0..5ea246496d 100644 --- a/job/36/06.md +++ b/job/36/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He does not withdraw his eyes from righteous people -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Elihu speaks of God protecting righteous people as if God were watching them with his eyes, and of God ceasing to protect them as if he withdrew his eyes from them. AT: "He does not stop protecting the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# sets them on thrones like kings -* **does not withdraw his eyes from the righteous** - AT: "watches over those who are righteous" (UDB) or "protects the righteous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **sets the righteous on thrones like kings** - Yahweh honors righteous people like people honor kings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **they are lifted up** - Possible meanings are 1) "he causes others to honor them" or 2) "he causes them to prosper" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if God were causing them to sit on thrones like kings do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are lifted up + +Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if he lifted them up to a high place. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he lifts them up" or "he honors them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/08.md b/job/36/08.md index 2789205300..642f87a528 100644 --- a/job/36/08.md +++ b/job/36/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# If they are bound in chains -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Here the word "they" refers righteous people whom God will discipline if they sin. This can be stated in active form. AT: "If someone binds them in chains" or "If someone makes them a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# trapped in cords of suffering -* **they are bound in chains** - Here the word "they" refers to people in general. AT: "someone binds them in chains" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **if they are trapped in cords of suffering** - Elihu speaks of suffering as if it traps a person with ropes. AT: "if someone makes them suffer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Elihu speaks of a person being made to suffer as if that person were trapped in ropes that cause suffering. AT: "someone causes them to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their transgressions and their pride + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "he reveals to them their transgressions and their pride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/10.md b/job/36/10.md index adf063eff8..44e1a5a7ad 100644 --- a/job/36/10.md +++ b/job/36/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He also opens their ears -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:instruct]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Elihu speaks of causing a person to listen as if it were opening that person's ear. AT: "He also causes them to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to his instruction -* **opens their ears to his instruction** - AT: "makes them listen to his instruction" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **their days...their years** - These two phrases refer to the person's lifetime. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they will perish by the sword** - AT: "they will die a violent death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The noun "instruction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "to what he is instructing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to turn back from iniquity + +Elihu speaks of stopping an action as if it were turning back from it. AT: "to stop committing iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will spend their days in prosperity, their years in contentment + +The words "days" and "years" both refer to the person's lifetime. AT: "they will spend their lives in prosperity and contentment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they will perish by the sword + +Elihu speaks of a person dying violently as if someone had killed them with a sword. AT: "they will die a violent death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/13.md b/job/36/13.md index 6d29e1acb2..3c6fc325fb 100644 --- a/job/36/13.md +++ b/job/36/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# who are godless in heart -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:disgrace]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. The phrase may indicate that the person stubbornly refuses to trust God. AT: "who refuse to trust in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# store up their anger -* **who are godless in heart** - Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. The phrase may indicate that the person stubbornly refuses to trust God. AT: "who refuse to trust in God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Elihu speaks of a person remaining angry as if that person stored up their anger like one would store up treasure. AT: "are always angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even when God ties them up + +Elihu speaks of God disciplining people as if God were tying them up with ropes. AT: "even when God punishes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their lives end among the cultic prostitutes + +Here "cultic prostitutes" refers to young men who served in pagan temples performing sexually immoral acts as part of their rituals. Possible meanings for this phrase are 1) the godless die because of their immoral behavior or 2) the godless die in shame and disgrace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/15.md b/job/36/15.md index 006478533b..67ea579d83 100644 --- a/job/36/15.md +++ b/job/36/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he opens their ears -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +Elihu speaks of God causing a person to listen as if God were opening their ears. See how you translated this in [Job 36:10](./10.md). AT: "he causes them to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# into a broad place where there is no hardship -* **he opens their ears** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:36:10]]. -* **your table would be set** - AT: "your servants would set your table" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **food full of fatness** - Meat that had plenty of fat on it was a sign of prosperity because the animals were healthy and well-fed. AT: "the very best food" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Elihu speaks of living without trouble as if it were being in a wide-open space where there were no hardships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# where your table would be set with food full of fatness + +Elihu speaks of living prosperously as if it were having one's table filled with the best foods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your table would be set + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your servants would set your table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# food full of fatness + +Meat that had plenty of fat on it was a sign of prosperity because the animals were healthy and well-fed. AT: "the very best food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/17.md b/job/36/17.md index 41c841e8be..4dd7930e54 100644 --- a/job/36/17.md +++ b/job/36/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you are full of judgment on wicked people -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] +Possible meanings are 1) "God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked" or 2) "you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve." -## translationNotes +# judgment and justice have laid hold of you -* **you are full of the judgment on the wicked** - Possible meanings are 1) "God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked" (UDB) or 2) "you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve." -* **judgment and justice have laid hold of you** - AT: "God has brought you to judgment and given you justice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Do not let wealth attract you to deception** - AT: "Do not let someone attract you to deception with wealth" -* **do not let the great size of a bribe turn you aside from justice** - AT: "do not let someone turn you aside from justice with a large bribe" +Elihu speaks of God judging Job and giving him justice as if judgment and justice were people that have laid hold of Job. AT: "God has brought you to judgment and given you justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Do not let your anger entice you to mockery + +Some versions of the Bible translate this as "Beware that you are not enticed by wealth." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/19.md b/job/36/19.md index 2162ce3fa2..e7e3a13e62 100644 --- a/job/36/19.md +++ b/job/36/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Can your wealth benefit you, so that you will not be in distress, or can all the force of your strength help you? -* [[en:tw:commit]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Elihu asks these questions to state that money and power will not be able to help Job if he acts unjustly. AT: "Your wealth cannot cause you to no longer be in distress, and all the force of your strength cannot help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# all the force of your strength -* **Can your wealth benefit you...can all the force of your strength help you?** - Elihu asks these questions to emphasize that money and power will not be able to help Job if he acts unjustly. AT: "Wealth cannot benefit you...all the force of your strength cannot help you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **all the force of your strength** - "all of your great strength" -* **when peoples are cut off in their place** - Possible meanings are 1) "when people groups disappear from their place" or 2) "when people drag others away from their homes." -* **you are being tested by suffering** - AT: "God is testing you by making you suffer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"all of your great strength" or "all of your mighty efforts" + +# when peoples are cut off in their place + +Possible meanings are 1) that "peoples" refers to people in general and "cut off in their place" is a metaphor for oppressing others by dragging them away from their homes. AT: "when people drag others away from their homes" or 2) that "peoples" represents nations and "cut off in their place" is a metaphor for nations being destroyed. AT: "when nations will perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are being tested by suffering + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is testing you by making you suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/22.md b/job/36/22.md index 80e41d69f0..67304016aa 100644 --- a/job/36/22.md +++ b/job/36/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:instruct]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" -## translationNotes +# God is exalted in his power -* **See** - The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **who is a teacher like him?** - The implicit answer to this question is "no one." AT: "no one is a teacher like him." or "no one teaches like he does." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who has ever instructed him about his way?** - AT: "No one has ever instructed him about what he should do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness?'** - AT: "No one can ever say to him, 'You have committed unrighteousness.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "God is extremely powerful" or 2) "people exalt God because he is powerful" + +# who is a teacher like him? + +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one is a teacher like God. AT: "no one is a teacher like him." or "no one teaches like he does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who has ever instructed him about his way? + +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one has ever taught God what to do. AT: "No one has ever instructed him about what he should do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who can ever say to him, 'You have committed unrighteousness?' + +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can accuse God of having committed unrighteousness. AT: "No one can ever say to him, 'You have committed unrighteousness.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/25.md b/job/36/25.md index 94081af389..c66b8cf211 100644 --- a/job/36/25.md +++ b/job/36/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they see those deeds only from far away -* [[en:tw:understand]] +Elihu speaks of people not being fully able to understand God's deeds as if people were only able to see those deeds from far away. AT: "they do not fully understand them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# See -* **from far away** - AT: "imperfectly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **See** - The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **the number of his years** - AT: "his age" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Indeed." The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# the number of his years is incalculable + +This refers to how long God has existed. AT: "people cannot know how long he has lived" or "people cannot know his age" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/27.md b/job/36/27.md index ce72a2d31d..ff468c9a8a 100644 --- a/job/36/27.md +++ b/job/36/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# that he distills as rain from his vapor -* [[en:tw:tent]] +The word "distills" can also mean "refine" or "filter." Elihu describes how God turns the drops of water, or vapor, that he draws up into rain. AT: "that he turns into rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# can anyone understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut? -* **can anyone understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his tent?** - The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "no one can understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his tent." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do these things. AT: "no one can understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the extensive spread of the clouds + +The phrase "the extensive spread" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "how the clouds spread across the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from his hut + +Elihu speaks of the sky as if it were a "hut" in which God lives. AT: "from the sky, where God lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/30.md b/job/36/30.md index d18678f9e8..f4a0a94f62 100644 --- a/job/36/30.md +++ b/job/36/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"Indeed." The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## translationNotes +# and covers the roots of the sea -* **See** - The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **he feeds...and gives food** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Elihu speaks of the deep parts of the sea as if the sea were a plant and its depths were its roots. Possible meanings are 1) although the lightning causes light in the sky, the deep parts of the sea remain dark. AT: "but the depths of the sea remain dark" or 2) the lightning in the sky cause even the depths of the sea to have light. AT: "and lights up the depths of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/32.md b/job/36/32.md index dcb71cad21..f1a5a63e81 100644 --- a/job/36/32.md +++ b/job/36/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He fills his hands with the lightning -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] +Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. Possible meanings are 1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or 2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Its thunder -* **He covers his hands over the lightning bolts** - Possible meanings are 1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or 2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. -* **Their noise** - "The noise of the lightning bolts" or "The thunder" +"The thunder caused by the lightning" or "The thunder" + +# hear it is coming + +"hear that the storm is coming" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/intro.md b/job/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..19496422f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Job 36 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the last of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's justice ##### +This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/01.md b/job/37/01.md index f3c52ba1bd..c405cb5be5 100644 --- a/job/37/01.md +++ b/job/37/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my heart trembles ... it is moved out of its place -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:tremble]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# my heart trembles at this -* **my heart trembles...it is moved out of its place** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **my heart trembles at this** - The word "this" refers to the storm in [[en:bible:notes:job:36:32]]. -* **it is moved out of its place** - Elihu's heart beats so hard that it is as if it jumps out of his chest. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the noise of his voice, the sound that goes out from his mouth** - Elihu speaks of the thunder as if it is God's voice. These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **to the borders of the earth** - AT: "everywhere in the world" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "this" refers to the storm in [Job 36:33](../36/32.md). + +# it is moved out of its place + +Elihu speaks of his heart beating violently as if it were to jump out of his chest. AT: "it moves out of its place" or "it beats violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the noise of his voice, the sound that goes out from his mouth + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Elihu speaks of the thunder as if it is God's voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to the edges of the earth + +Elihu speaks of the farthest places on the earth as if they were the earth's borders. AT: "everywhere in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/04.md b/job/37/04.md index d56670fb28..b920aea2da 100644 --- a/job/37/04.md +++ b/job/37/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# A voice roars after it ... the voice of his majesty -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:snow]] +Elihu continues to speak of the thunder as if it is God's voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# roars after it -* **a voice roars after it...the voice of his majesty** - Elihu continues to speak of the thunder as if it is God's voice. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **roars after it** - Here the word "it" refers to the lightning from [[en:bible:notes:job:37:01]]. -* **when his voice is heard** - AT: "when people hear his voice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"roars after the lightning" + +# the voice of his majesty + +"his majestic voice" + +# when his voice is heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when people hear his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# likewise to the rain shower + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "likewise, he says to the rain shower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/07.md b/job/37/07.md index 0d8c48914e..7b6d5e249c 100644 --- a/job/37/07.md +++ b/job/37/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He stops the hand of every man -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here the word "hand" represents the entire person. AT: "He stops every man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# The storm comes from its chamber in the south and the cold from the scattering winds in the north -* **stops the hand of every man** - AT: "stops every man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **The storm comes from its chamber in the south and the cold from the scattering winds in the north** - In Israel, strong wind storms blow in from the south and cold weather approaches from the north. -* **its chamber in the south** - Elihu speaks of the storm having a place where it resides until it comes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +In Israel, strong wind storms blow in from the south and cold weather approaches from the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The storm comes from its chamber in the south + +Elihu speaks of the storm blowing in from the south as if the storm has a place where it resides until it comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/10.md b/job/37/10.md index 733c258ece..e84c2a2938 100644 --- a/job/37/10.md +++ b/job/37/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# By the breath of God ice is given -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Elihu speaks of the cold north wind as if it were God's breath. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God's breath makes ice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# frozen like metal -* **By the breath of God ice is given** - Elihu speaks of the cold north wind as God's breath. AT: "God's breath makes ice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **frozen like metal** - When water freezes, it becomes hard like metal. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Elihu compares the hardness of ice to the hardness of metal. AT: "frozen, as hard as metal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he weighs down the thick cloud with moisture + +Elihu speaks of God causing the storm clouds to be full of water as if the moisture weighed heavily on the clouds. AT: "he causes the thick clouds to be full of moisture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/12.md b/job/37/12.md index 88bc689eb2..2a4fbb50b9 100644 --- a/job/37/12.md +++ b/job/37/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# sometimes it happens for correction -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. The object of his "correction" is people. AT: "sometimes it happens to correct his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# sometimes for his land -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This means that the rain waters the ground and causes vegetation to grow. AT: "sometimes to water the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sometimes as acts of covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "sometimes to act faithfully to his covenant" or "sometimes to be faithful to his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/14.md b/job/37/14.md index 7d3cdfcedf..d80ae592da 100644 --- a/job/37/14.md +++ b/job/37/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you know how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them? -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job cannot know this. AT: "You cannot understand how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# establishes the clouds -* **Do you know how God forces his will on the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them?** - The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "You cannot understand how God forces his will on the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"controls the clouds" or "makes the clouds obey him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/16.md b/job/37/16.md index 32e6cde380..6f840480ea 100644 --- a/job/37/16.md +++ b/job/37/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge? -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job does not know these things. AT: "You do not understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the floating of the clouds -* **Do you understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge?** - Do you understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge? AT: "You do not understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the floating of the clouds** - "how the clouds float" -* **the marvelous deeds of God** - "the miraculous way in which he makes the clouds float across the sky." -* **Do you understand how your garments become hot when the land is still because of the wind coming from the south?"** - AT: "You do not understand how to stop sweating there in your clothes; it is very oppressive when the hot wind stops blowing from the south and all the leaves on the trees become still." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"how the clouds float" + +# the marvelous deeds of God + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "or do you understand the marvelous deeds of God" or "and you do not understand the marvelous deeds of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Do you understand how your garments become hot ... from the south? + +Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job does not know these things. AT: "You do not understand how your garments become hot ... from the south." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# how your garments become hot + +"how you become hot in your clothes" or "how you sweat in your clothes" + +# because the wind comes from the south + +In Israel, hot winds blow in across the desert from the south and cause hot temperatures. AT: "because of the hot, dry wind blowing in from the south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/18.md b/job/37/18.md index ea844e01c3..78ee1a3868 100644 --- a/job/37/18.md +++ b/job/37/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Can you spread out the sky ... a mirror of cast metal? -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] +Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job cannot do this. AT: "You cannot spread out the sky ... a mirror of cast metal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# as strong as a mirror of cast metal -* **Can you spread out the sky as he can — the sky, which is as strong as a mirror of cast metal?** - the sky, which is as strong as a mirror of cast metal." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **as strong as a mirror of cast metal** - In biblical days, mirrors were made of metal. Elihu speaks of the sky as looking like solid metal when it gives no rain. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **cast metal** - This refers to metal that is melted, poured into a mold that is in the shape of an object, and then hardens as it cools. -* **Teach us what we should say to him** - Here the words "us" and "we" refer to Elihu, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, but not to Job. Elihu uses this phrase sarcastically. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **because of the darkness of our minds** - AT: "because we do not understand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Should he be told that I wish to speak with him?** - AT: "I will not have someone tell him that I wish to speak with him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Should he be told** - AT: "Should I have someone tell him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Would a person wish to be swallowed up?** - AT: "No person would want to be swallowed up." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to be swallowed up** - AT: "for God to kill him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +In biblical days, mirrors were made of metal. Elihu speaks of the sky giving no rain as if it were as hard as solid metal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cast metal + +This refers to metal that is melted, poured into a mold, and then hardens as it cools. + +# Teach us what we should say to him + +Here the words "us" and "we" refer to Elihu, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, but not to Job. Elihu uses this phrase sarcastically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# because of the darkness of our minds + +Elihu speaks of the inability to understand as if it were having darkness in one's mind. AT: "because we do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Should he be told that I wish to speak with him? + +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do this. AT: "I cannot have someone tell him that I wish to speak with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Should he be told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Should I have someone tell him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Would a person wish to be swallowed up? + +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one would want this to happen. AT: "No person would want to be swallowed up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to be swallowed up + +Elihu speaks of a person being destroyed as if the person were swallowed up. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for God to destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/21.md b/job/37/21.md index 199f44e32e..314f66ddc4 100644 --- a/job/37/21.md +++ b/job/37/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Out of the north comes golden splendor -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] +The phrase "golden splendor" describes God's glory. This can be made explicit in translation. AT: "God comes from the north with golden splendor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# over God is fearsome majesty -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +The word "fearsome" means that it causes fear. Elihu speaks of God's majesty as if it were something that rests upon God. AT: "God's majesty causes people to fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/23.md b/job/37/23.md index 97665973d2..e19cd42082 100644 --- a/job/37/23.md +++ b/job/37/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# we cannot find him -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Possible meanings are 1) "we cannot approach him" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person's being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. AT: "we cannot comprehend him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# those who are wise in their own minds -* **those who are wise in their own minds** - AT: "those who consider themselves to be wise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "minds" represents the person's thoughts. AT: "those who are wise in their own thinking" or "those who consider themselves to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/intro.md b/job/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..236095ac73 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Job 37 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu's four statements, and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's justice ##### +This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/01.md b/job/38/01.md index 1cebf7aebe..36fc48c921 100644 --- a/job/38/01.md +++ b/job/38/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Then -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"And then." The word "Then" starts a new part of the book that describes what happened next. See if your language has a similar way to introduce a new scene. -## translationNotes +# called to Job -* **Who is this...without knowledge** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job has said foolish things. AT: "You bring darkness...without knowledge." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **brings darkness to my plans** - Darkness is a metaphor for advice that is not wise. AT: "gives foolish advice." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **by means of words without knowledge** - "by speaking words but having no knowledge" -* **gird up your loins** - "tie your robe up around your waist." Men tied up their robes around their waist, so that their legs could move more freely in a battle or a contest. AT: "prepare yourself for a contest." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **like a man** - "like a warrior" -* **must answer me** - "must tell me the answers" +"answered Job" or "responded to Job" + +# out of a fierce storm + +"from a powerful storm" + +# Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job spoke of things he did not know about. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You bring darkness to my plans by means of words without knowledge." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who is this who brings + +"Who are you to bring" + +# brings darkness to plans + +"obscures my plans" or "confuses my purposes." How Job confuses God's plans is spoken of as if he were making God's plans harder to see. The abstract noun "darkness" can be translated as the verb "darkens." AT: "darkens plans" or "makes plans hard to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# by means of words without knowledge + +"by speaking of things about which you do not know" + +# words without knowledge + +The abstract noun "knowledge" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "unknowing words" or "ignorant words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# gird up your loins like a man + +"tie your robe up around your waist like a man." Men tied up their robes around their waists so that their legs could move more freely as they did heavy work. The idiom "gird up your loins like a man" means to get ready to do something involving action such as work, a contest, or a battle. Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. AT: "get yourself ready for hard work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/04.md b/job/38/04.md index 4802e0be4e..5ea83156fb 100644 --- a/job/38/04.md +++ b/job/38/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] +Yahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Where were you when I laid the earth's foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Where were you...foundations** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job did not exist when he created the earth, so Job does not understand how Yahweh made the earth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I laid the earth’s foundations** - "I made the foundations for the earth." Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a building. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Tell me** - AT: "Tell me the answer." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **if you have so much understanding** - "you think you know so much" -* **Who determined its dimensions** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he decide how big the earth should be, so he is the only one who understands how he made it. -* **stretched the measuring line over it** - "measured the earth with a rope" -* **measuring line** - a rope or cord that people use to make sure that they build a building the right size and the right shape +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I laid the earth's foundations + +Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if you have so much understanding + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be translated as the verb "understand." AT: "if you understand so much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who determined its dimensions, if you know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# dimensions + +"measurements" + +# Who stretched the measuring line over it? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who stretched the measuring line over it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# measuring line + +a rope or cord that people use to make something the right size and shape \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/06.md b/job/38/06.md index 0da5e54960..9b0ec374e5 100644 --- a/job/38/06.md +++ b/job/38/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:sonsofgod]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **On what...cornerstone** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that Job does not know how Yahweh made the earth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **On what were its foundations laid** - What did I put the foundations of the earth on." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the morning stars** - "the bright stars that shine in the morning" -* **when the morning stars sang together** - Yahweh describes the stars as though they were people who could sing. AT: "when it was as though the morning stars sang together." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the sons of God** - "the angels" -* **for joy** - "because they were full of joy" +The word "its" refers to the earth. + +# General Information: + +Yahweh uses more questions to emphasize that his greatness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# On what were its foundations laid? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me on what its foundations were laid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# On what were its foundations laid + +This can be stated in active form. "On what did I set its foundations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Who laid its cornerstone when ... the sons of God shouted for joy? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who laid its cornerstone when ... the sons of God shouted for joy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# when the morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted for joy + +These two lines are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# when the morning stars sang together + +The morning stars are spoken of as singing like people sing. Possible meanings are: 1) the "morning stars" are the same as the "sons of God" in the next line or 2) "the morning stars" refer to stars in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the morning stars + +"the bright stars that shine in the morning" + +# sons of God + +This refers to angels, heavenly beings. See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). + +# shouted for joy + +The abstract noun "joy" can be translated as the adverb "joyfully." AT: "shouted joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for joy + +"because they were full of joy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/08.md b/job/38/08.md index 984f2cd984..ebc4afee8a 100644 --- a/job/38/08.md +++ b/job/38/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues challenge to Job. -* **Who shut up the sea** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he made the sea. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **shut up the sea with doors** - Yahweh compares the way that he prevented the sea from covering all of the earth to holding it back with doors. AT: "prevented the water from flooding over the land." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **as if it had come out of the womb** - Yahweh compares his creation of the sea like a birth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **its clothing** - "as clothes for the sea" -* **thick darkness** - "very dark clouds" -* **and thick darkness its swaddling bands** - "and wrapped it with dark clouds like swaddling bands (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **swaddling bands** - very long pieces of cloth that people use to wrap a baby in after it is born +Yahweh uses another question to emphasize that he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who shut up the sea with doors ... and thick darkness its swaddling bands? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who shut up the sea with doors ... and thick darkness its swaddling bands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# shut up the sea with doors + +Yahweh compares the way that he prevented the sea from covering all of the earth to holding it back with doors. AT: "prevented the water from flooding over the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as if it had come out of the womb + +Yahweh compares his creation of the sea to childbirth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# its clothing + +"as clothes for the sea" + +# thick darkness its swaddling bands + +The abstract noun "darkness" can be translated as the adjective "dark." AT: "made dark clouds its swaddling bands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# swaddling bands + +long pieces of cloth that people use to wrap a baby in after it is born \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/10.md b/job/38/10.md index cb9fb2d4dd..029f75144f 100644 --- a/job/38/10.md +++ b/job/38/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I marked out for the sea my boundary -* [[en:tw:proud]] +"I made a boundary for the sea" -## translationNotes +# boundary -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **I marked out for the sea my boundary** - "I made a boundary for the sea" -* **boundary** - Yahweh created a border around the sea that the seas was not allowed to cross. -* **I placed its bars and doors** - Yahweh compares the way that he made a boundary for the sea to containing the sea with bars and doors. AT: "I put barriers so that the water would not come over the land." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bars** - a long piece of wood or metal that is used to lock a door shut -* **to it** - "to the sea." Yahweh speaks to the sea as though it were a person." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **to the pride of your waves** - Yahweh speaks about the waves as though they were people. It is implied that the waves are proud because they are powerful. AT: "for you waves that are proud because they are so powerful." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Yahweh set a limit beyond which the sea was not allowed to cross. + +# I placed its bars and doors + +Yahweh compares the way that he made a boundary for the sea to containing the sea with bars and doors. AT: "I set up its barriers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bars + +long pieces of wood or metal that are used to keep a door shut + +# when I said to it + +"when I said to the sea." Yahweh speaks to the sea as though it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# You may come this far, but no farther + +The words "this far" mean only as far as the boundary that Yahweh set up. AT: "You may come as far as this boundary, but no farther" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to the pride of your waves + +"to the power of your waves." The waves are spoken of as if they could have pride. The abstract noun "pride" can be translated as the adjective "proud." AT: "to your proud waves" or "to your powerful waves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/12.md b/job/38/12.md index d336f696f9..9f2b4e6d19 100644 --- a/job/38/12.md +++ b/job/38/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Have you ever...be shaken out of it** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that only he has power over the morning and Job does not. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **since your own days began** - This phrase means "since you were born" or "on any of the days that you have lived." -* **given orders to the morning** - Yahweh describes the morning as though it were a person who could receive orders. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **caused the morning dawn to know its place in the scheme of things** - "let the dawn know where it belongs" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **dawn** - the light that appears in the morning before the sun rises -* **might take hold of the sides of the earth** - Yahweh describes dawn as a person holding the horizons of the earth like the edges of a rug. Dawn looks like it holds the sides of the earth because its light first appears on the horizons. AT: "would appear on the horizons of the earth." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **so that it** - The word "it" refers to the dawn. -* **so that the wicked might be shaken out of it** - "and shake the wicked out of the earth." The light of the dawn makes wicked people go away like shaking a rug gets the dirt out. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he created the light of day and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have you ... shake the wicked out of it? + +This question expects a negative answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have never ... shaken the wicked out of it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# given orders to the morning + +Yahweh describes the morning as being able to receive orders and know things like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# caused the dawn to know its place + +"caused the dawn to know where it belongs" + +# dawn + +the daylight that appears in the morning sky before the sun rises + +# take hold of the edges of the earth + +The light of dawn is spoken of as if it seizes the horizons of the earth. AT: "grasp the ends of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# shake the wicked out of it + +The daylight is pictured as causing wicked people to leave like shaking something to remove unwanted things. AT: "shake wicked people out of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/14.md b/job/38/14.md index 1ee5d1b84b..e5eba2cb9e 100644 --- a/job/38/14.md +++ b/job/38/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The earth is changed in appearance like clay changes under a seal -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] +At nighttime, people cannot see clearly, but in the morning the light reveals the distinct shape of everything, just like a seal creates distinct images in clay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# all things on it stand out clearly like the folds of a piece of clothing -* **The earth is changed in appearance like clay changes under a seal** - At night time, people cannot see clearly, but in the morning the light reveals the distinct shape of everything, just like a seal creates distinct images in clay. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **From the wicked their 'light' is taken away** - AT: "The morning takes away the light of the wicked." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **their 'light'** - The wicked consider darkness to be their light, because they do their evil deeds in the darkness and they are familiar with the darkness. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **their uplifted arm is broken** - The raised arm of the wicked shows that they have the power and the intention to do evil things, but the morning light breaks their arm so that they are not able to do evil things. AT: "in the daylight they no longer are able to hurt anyone." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "it" refers to the earth. This phrase has a similar meaning to the first phrase in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# From wicked people their 'light' is taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The morning takes away the 'light' of wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their 'light' + +The wicked consider darkness to be their light, because they do their evil deeds in the darkness and they are familiar with the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# their uplifted arm is broken + +The raised arm of the wicked represents their power and intention to do evil things, but the wicked stop doing those evil things when the morning light comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/16.md b/job/38/16.md index 46ee8d415b..a6eaf4e50b 100644 --- a/job/38/16.md +++ b/job/38/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Have you...its expanse** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that these are things that Job has not done and that there are many things that Job does not know. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the sources** - "the springs" -* **the deep** - This can be translated as "the water" or "the ocean" (UDB) or "the deep water." -* **Have the gates of death been revealed to you** - "Has anyone shown the gates of death to you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Have you understood the earth in its expanse** - "Have you look carefully at everything all the way to the farthest parts of the earth" -* **if you know it all** - "if you are familiar with the whole earth" or "if you know everything about the earth" +Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize that he understands the earth and seas and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# General Information: + +Verses 16 and 17 each have two phrases that are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Have you gone ... in its expanse? + +These questions expect negative answers. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "You have not gone to the sources of the waters of the sea, or walked in the lowest parts of the deep. The gates of death have not been revealed to you, and you have not seen the gates of the shadow of death. You do not understand the earth in its expanse." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the sources of the waters + +"the springs" + +# the deep + +This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. AT: "the deep sea" or "the ocean depths" or "the deep water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Have the gates of death been revealed to you + +Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter into it. This can be expressed in active form. AT: "Has anyone shown the gates of death to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the shadow of death + +See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/04.md). + +# the earth in its expanse + +"the great broad places of the earth" + +# if you know it all + +"if you know all about these things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/19.md b/job/38/19.md index 8b737d88b0..c34843e8cb 100644 --- a/job/38/19.md +++ b/job/38/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **the resting place of light** - "the place that light dwells" or "the place that light inhabits." Yahweh describes light as though it were a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **to their places of work** - "to their border" or "to their boundary." The boundary surrounds the place of the light and of the darkness. When the night is finished, darkness returns to its place. When the day is over, light returns to its place. AT: "back to their place." -* **Undoubtedly ... so large** - Yahweh uses mocking irony to emphasize that Job does not understand light and darkness. AT: "It is obvious that you do not know because you were not born when I created them and you are not very old." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **for you were born then** - The word "then" refers to the time when light was created and separated from darkness. AT: "for you were born when when I created the world." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **the number of your days is so large** - "you have lived very many years" or "you are very old" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that he understands light and darkness and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# General Information: + +Each of these verses have two parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Where is the way to the resting place of light—as for darkness, where is its place? + +This question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You do not know the way to the resting place of light or the place of darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the resting place of light + +"the dwelling of light." Light is spoken of as having a resting place from which it comes forth each day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# light + +"daylight" or "sunlight" + +# Can you lead light and darkness to their places of work? Can you find the way back to their houses for them? + +These questions expect a negative answer. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "You cannot lead light and darkness to their places of work, or find the way back to their houses for them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to their places of work + +"to their territory." Light and darkness are spoken of as being led out and back each day to accomplish Yahweh's purposes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Undoubtedly ... so large + +Yahweh uses mocking irony to emphasize that Job does not understand light and darkness. AT: "It is obvious that you do not know, because you were not born when I created them, and you are not very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# for you were born then + +"for you were already living then." The word "then" refers to the time when light was created and separated from darkness. AT: "for you were already born when I created them" + +# the number of your days is so large + +"you have lived so many years" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/22.md b/job/38/22.md index 9d4ebdd3fb..ae925b9271 100644 --- a/job/38/22.md +++ b/job/38/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:snow]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Have you...over the earth?** - Yahweh uses theses questions to emphasize that Job does not know how Yahweh send snow, hail, lightning and the east wind onto the earth. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **hail** - round pieces of ice that fall down from the sky +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he rules over the natural world and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have you entered the storehouses for the snow, or have you seen the storehouses for the hail ... and war? + +These questions expect a negative answer. They can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have never entered the storehouses for the snow, or seen the storehouses for the hail ... and war." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have you entered the storehouses for the snow, or have you seen the storehouses for the hail + +These two phrases are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# storehouses for the snow ... storehouses for the hail + +Snow and hail are pictured as being stored by Yahweh to do his will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hail + +balls of ice (usually small) that sometimes fall down from the sky during a storm + +# What is the path to where the lightning bolts are distributed or to where the winds are scattered from the east over the earth? + +These can be stated in active form. AT: "What is the path to where I distribute the lightning bolts or to where I scatter the winds from the east over the earth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the winds are scattered + +"the winds are blown" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/25.md b/job/38/25.md index eb20920044..c7370671ed 100644 --- a/job/38/25.md +++ b/job/38/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Who has created the channels...** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who does all of these things. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the floods of rain** - "the torrents of rain" -* **the routes** - "the roads" or "the paths" -* **the outbursts of thunder** - "the thunder clap." This is the loud sound of thunder that comes through the air like a wave. -* **to cause it to rain** - Yahweh creates the channels the streams of water so that he can send rain on the land where there are no people. AT: "so that the streams of rain will cause it to rain." -* **where no person exists** - "where there are no people" -* **in order to meet the needs** - "so that the rain can meet the needs" -* **the barren and lonely regions** - "the places that have no plants or animals or people" -* **the tender grass** - grass that is just starting to grow and is still very small and very soft -* **sprout up** - "start growing" +Yahweh questions Job to emphasize that he causes it to rain and thunder and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who has created the channels for the floods of rain, or who has made ... sprout with grass? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Only I have created the channels for the floods of rain, and only I have made ... grass sprout up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the floods of rain + +"the torrents of rain" + +# a path for the thunder + +"a way for the rumble of thunder to be heard." + +# on lands where no person exists, and on the wilderness, in which there is no one + +These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# where no person exists + +"where there are no people" + +# to satisfy + +The implied information is that it is the rain that meets the needs of the land to grow grass. AT: "so that the rain can satisfy the needs of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# devastated and desolate + +"ruined and wasted." These two words have nearly the same meaning and emphasize the ruined and empty nature of these regions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# with grass + +"the new grass" or "the fresh grass." This is grass that is just starting to grow. + +# make the ground sprout with + +"make the ground support new grass" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/28.md b/job/38/28.md index 555a5e10b5..bbf26cd684 100644 --- a/job/38/28.md +++ b/job/38/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Is there a father…fathered it** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that Job does not understand how Yahweh makes rain, dew, ice, and frost. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is there a father of the rain** - Yahweh describes the rains as though it were a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **engendered** - the role that the father has in causing a child to be born -* **dewdrops** - the drops of dew that form from condensation on plant and other things -* **Who bore the white frost** - "Who has given birth to the frost" -* **The waters hide themselves** - during the winter the ice hides the water underneath it -* **the deep** - This refers to deep water such as lakes, rivers, and oceans. +Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize to Job that he makes rain, dew, ice, and frost and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# General Information: + +Each of the two lines in these three verses mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + +Rain, dew, ice, and frost are spoken of as though they could be born like people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Does the rain have a father, or, who fathers the drops of dew? Out of whose womb did the ice come? Who bore the white frost out of the sky? + +These can be translated as statements. AT: "Tell me whether the rain has a father, and who has engendered the raindrops. Tell me out of whose womb the ice came, and who bore the white frost out of the sky." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# fathers + +"begets" "fathered." This means the role that there is a father who has caused the rain or the dew to be born. + +# ice + +"frozen water" + +# bore + +"gave birth to" + +# the white frost + +dew that freezes on the ground on cold, clear nights + +# The waters hide themselves and become like stone + +The waters are spoken of as being able to hide. During the winter the ice hides the water underneath it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# become like stone + +The hardness of ice is spoken of as if it was stone. AT: "become hard like stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the deep + +This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. AT: "the deep sea" or "the ocean depths" or "the deep water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/31.md b/job/38/31.md index d0280cff1a..0f402e222e 100644 --- a/job/38/31.md +++ b/job/38/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Can you fasten chains...over the earth** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that Job does not know how to control the stars. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **fasten chains** - "bind the chains" or "tie the bonds" -* **Pleiades...Orion...Bear** - These are the names of constellations. See how you translated them in [[en:bible:notes:job:09:07]]. -* **undo the cords of Orion** - "break the cords that hold Orion" -* **the constellations** - This refers to the twelve different constellation that appear behind the sun as it sets. A different constellation appears behind the sun each month. -* **to appear at their proper times** - "so that they appear at the right time" -* **its children** - "its cubs" +Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the heavens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# General Information: + +Each of the two lines in these three verses mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Can you fasten chains ... over the earth? + +These can be translated as statements. AT: "Tell me if you can fasten chains on the Pleiades, or undo the cords of Orion. Tell me if you can lead the constellations to appear at their proper times, or guide the Bear with its children. Tell me if you know the regulations of the sky, or whether you could set in place the sky's rule over the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# fasten chains on + +"bind chains onto" or "tie the bonds of" + +# the Pleiades ... Orion ... the Bear + +These are the names of constellations. See how you translated them in [Job 9:9](../09/07.md). + +# undo the cords of Orion + +"loosen the cords that hold Orion" + +# constellations + +groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky + +# to appear at their proper times + +"so that they appear at the right time" + +# its children + +"its cubs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/34.md b/job/38/34.md index 19e2b070fb..8443833878 100644 --- a/job/38/34.md +++ b/job/38/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Can you raise...Here we are** - Yahweh uses these question to emphasize that Job cannot control the clouds, the rain, or the lightning. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **so that an abundance of rainwater may cover you** - "so that plenty of water will cover you" -* **Can you send out bolts of lightning that they may go out** - "Can you command the lightning bolts to go where you want them to and they actually go" -* **that they say to you** - "and will they say to you" -* **Here we are** - This phrase means, "We are here so that you can tell us what you want us to do." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the rain clouds and lightning and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can you raise ... 'Here we are'? + +These can be translated as statements. AT: "Tell me if you can raise your voice up to the clouds, so that an abundance of rainwater may cover you. Tell me if you can send out bolts of lightning that they may go out, that they say to you, 'Here we are!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# an abundance of rainwater + +The abstract noun "abundance" can be translated as the adjective "abundant." AT: "an abundant amount of rainwater" or "a flood of waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Here we are + +This pictures the lightning bolts as servants saying they are ready to follow commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/36.md b/job/38/36.md index ee59cfb6e7..7b60f5cc89 100644 --- a/job/38/36.md +++ b/job/38/36.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Who has put wisdom...tightly together** - Yahweh uses these question to emphasize that he has control of the clouds and that Job does not. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **has put wisdom in the clouds** - "has given wisdom to the clouds." Yahweh describes the clouds as though they were people and gives them wisdom so that they know what to do. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Who can number the clouds by his skill** - This phrase means: "Who can wisely control how many thin clouds are in the sky." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the water skins** - skins that people sewed together so that they could hold water. Yahweh refers to the thick clouds as "waters skin" because they hold a lot of water just like water skins. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **when the dust runs into a hard mass** - "when the rain molds the dirt together into one piece." The rain makes the loose dry dirt stick together like one piece of dirt. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the clods of earth clump tightly together** - "the chunks of dirt stick together" +Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the clouds and rain and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who has put wisdom ... tightly together? + +These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Tell me who has put wisdom in the clouds and given understanding to the mists. Tell me who can number the clouds by his skill. Tell me who can pour out the water skins of the sky when the dust runs into a hard mass and the clods of earth clump tightly together." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who has put wisdom in the clouds or has given understanding to the mists? + +These two lines mean similar things. Yahweh describes the clouds and mists as though they were people to whom he gives wisdom and understanding so that they know what to do. The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "understanding" can be translated as the adjective "wise" and the verb "understand." AT: "Who has made the clouds wise or the mists understand?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# has put wisdom in the clouds + +"has given wisdom to the clouds" + +# Who can number the clouds by his skill? + +"Who is able to count the clouds?" + +# the water skins + +These are skins that people sew together so that they can hold water. Yahweh refers to the thick clouds as "waters skins" because they hold much water just like water skins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when the dust runs into a hard mass and the clods of earth clump tightly together + +These two lines mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# when the dust runs into a hard mass + +The rain makes the loose dry dirt stick together like one piece of dirt. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the rain molds the dirt into a hard mass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the clods of earth clump tightly together + +"the lumps of soil stick together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/39.md b/job/38/39.md index 19ecda1548..d7620b47e5 100644 --- a/job/38/39.md +++ b/job/38/39.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lion]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Can you hunt down...to lie in wait** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that he knows how to feed the lions, but Job does not. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a victim** - "prey." This is an animal that a lion could eat. -* **a lioness** - Possibly "a lion." -* **or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs** - "or give young lions enough food that they can live" -* **of her young lion cubs** - "of young lions." These are young lions that are old enough to hunt for themselves. -* **in their dens** - "in the places that they live" or "in their dwelling places" -* **sheltering in hiding** - "lie still in the thick vegetation" -* **to lie in wait** - "which is their place of ambush" or "which is the place that they hide in order to catch other animals." The lions hide in the thick plants and wait for an animal to pass by so that they can jump out and catch that animal. +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he knows how to feed the lions and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can you hunt down ... to lie in wait? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me if you can hunt down ... to lie in wait." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a victim + +"prey." This is an animal that a lion could eat. + +# lioness + +This is a female lion. + +# appetite + +"hunger" + +# of her young lion cubs + +"of young lions." These are young lions that are old enough to hunt for themselves. + +# dens + +A "den" is a lair or shelter where lions live. + +# sheltering in hiding + +"hiding in a thicket." Lions hide in thick vegetation when hunting their prey. + +# to lie in wait + +The implied information is that the lions are hiding and waiting for their prey to come near. AT: "to lie waiting for a victim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/41.md b/job/38/41.md index 150a930033..b6c0964308 100644 --- a/job/38/41.md +++ b/job/38/41.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Who provides victims...** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he provides food for the ravens and that Job does not. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **victims** - animals that ravens look for and can eat -* **ravens** - "crows" -* **cry out to God** - "cry to God for help" or "cry out for God to save them" -* **stagger about** - "wander around" -* **for lack of food** - "because they have no food" or "because they have nothing to eat" +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he provides food for the ravens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who provides victims ... for lack of food? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who provides victims ... for lack of food." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# victims + +"food." This refers to animals that ravens look for and can eat. + +# ravens + +A raven is a large bird with shiny black feathers that feeds on dead animals. + +# cry out to God + +The implied information is that the ravens are crying out for food. AT: "cry to God for help" or "cry out for God to give them food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# stagger about + +This means to walk around in an unsteady way. + +# for lack of food + +"because they have no food" or "because they have nothing to eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/intro.md b/job/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..47be1261fc --- /dev/null +++ b/job/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 38 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's greatness ##### +Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/01.md b/job/39/01.md index e76b1061ce..6f630257e0 100644 --- a/job/39/01.md +++ b/job/39/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Do you know at what time...time when they bear their young** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that he takes care of the goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns** - "When the deer give birth can you watch to make sure everything goes well" -* **are having their fawns** - "give birth" -* **that they gestate** - "to make sure that they complete their pregnancy" or "to make sure that they get to full term" -* **they** - The word "they" refers to the goats and the deer. -* **gestate** - "are pregnant" -* **the time when they bear their young** - "when they give birth" +Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild mountain goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you know at what time ... bear their young? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you do not know when ... bear their young!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are not able to watch to make sure everything goes well when the deer give birth to their fawns!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# are having their fawns + +"give birth to their fawns" + +# Can you count the months that they gestate? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot count the months that they are pregnant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that they gestate + +"to complete their pregnancy" + +# they + +The word "they" refers to the goats and the deer. + +# gestate + +"are pregnant" + +# Do you know the time when they bear their young? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Of course you do not know when they give birth to their young." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/03.md b/job/39/03.md index fbc2054a7c..0de9d790d7 100644 --- a/job/39/03.md +++ b/job/39/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# They crouch down -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **They crouch down** - The word "they" refers to the goats and the deer. -* **birthe their young** - "make their offspring come out" -* **then they finish their labor pains** - The word "labor pains" refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother's labor and pain. AT: "send out their offspring from their womb." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the open fields** - "the countryside" or "the wild" -* **come back again** - "come back to them" or "come back to their mothers" +The word "They" refers to the wild mountain goats and the deer. + +# birth their young + +"give birth to their offspring" + +# then they finish their labor pains + +Possible meanings are 1) their labor pains are over when the birth is finished or 2) "labor pains" is a metonym that refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother's labor and pain. AT: "send out their offspring from their womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the open fields + +"the countryside" or "the wild" + +# do not come back again + +"do not come back to them" or "do not come back to their mothers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/05.md b/job/39/05.md index 19630ffc6c..54e73b9696 100644 --- a/job/39/05.md +++ b/job/39/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:free]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# Who let ... the salt land? -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Who let...the salt land** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that he takes care of the wild donkeys and that Job does not. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* ** the wild donkey...the swift donkey** - These are different names for the same kind of donkey. -* **bonds** - ropes, chains, or straps that hold an animal and keep it from running away -* **whose home** - Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person that had a house. AT: "I gave him the Arabah as a place to live." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the salt land** - the land around the Salt Sea that has a lot of salt in it +Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild donkeys and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who let the wild donkey go free? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am the one who let the wild donkey go free." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the wild donkey ... the swift donkey + +These are different names for the same kind of donkey. + +# Who has untied the bonds ... in the salt land? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I untied the bonds ... in the salt land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# bonds + +ropes, chains, or straps that hold an animal and keep it from running away + +# whose home I have made in the Arabah + +Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person that had a house. "I gave him the Arabah as a place to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the salt land + +the land around the Salt Sea that has a lot of salt in it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/07.md b/job/39/07.md index 5288e75018..a30b73ca20 100644 --- a/job/39/07.md +++ b/job/39/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# He -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **He** - The word "he" refers to the wild donkey. -* **laughs in scorn** - Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person. The donkeys laughs because those in the city have to hear loud noise, but he lives in quiet place. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the driver’s** - someone who forces an animal to work -* **pastures** - places where animals can eat plants +The word "He" refers to the wild donkey. + +# laughs in scorn + +Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person. The donkey laughs because those in the city have to hear loud noise, but he lives in a quiet place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the driver's + +someone who forces an animal to work + +# pastures + +places where animals can eat plants growing in the field \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/09.md b/job/39/09.md index 07ec8eddc5..ffc03e4e27 100644 --- a/job/39/09.md +++ b/job/39/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Will the wild ox...the valleys for you** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the wild ox** - Possible meanings are 1) "the wild ox," a type of ox that used to live in the wild or 2) "the antelope," some kinds of antelope look like oxen. -* **be happy** - "be willing" -* **consent to stay by your manger** - "stay by your manger through the night" -* **manger** - something that holds food so that animals can eat it -* **furrows** - Long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:31:38]]. -* **harrow** - "plow" -* **for you** - "behind you." When plowing, a person would lead an ox that was behind him. +Here Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will the wild ox be happy to serve you? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The wild ox will not be happy to serve you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the wild ox + +Possible meanings are 1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or 2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen. + +# be happy + +"be willing" + +# Will he consent to stay by your manger? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will not consent to stay by your manger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# consent to stay by your manger + +"stay by your manger through the night" + +# manger + +something that holds food so that animals can eat it + +# With a rope, can you control the wild ox to plow the furrows? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot control the wild ox with a rope in order to plow furrows in your fields." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# With a rope + +a rope was tied to the animal's head or neck in order to lead it + +# furrows + +These are long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in [Job 31:38](../31/38.md). + +# Will he harrow the valleys for you? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will never harrow the valleys for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# harrow + +to smooth and break up the soil \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/11.md b/job/39/11.md index 8dbc49a62b..04267406c2 100644 --- a/job/39/11.md +++ b/job/39/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Will you trust...your threshing floor** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **trust him** - The word "him" refers to the "wild ox." -* **leave your work to him to do** - "have him do your hard work for you" +Here Yahweh uses three questions to continue his argument that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will you trust him because his strength is great? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot trust him because his strength is great." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# trust him + +The word "him" refers to the "wild ox." + +# Will you leave your work to him to do? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will not be able to make him do your work for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# leave your work to him to do + +"have him do your hard work for you" + +# Will you depend on him ... grain for your threshing floor? + +These two clauses basically mean the same thing. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will not be able to depend on him ... grain for your threshing floor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/13.md b/job/39/13.md index b6961b8a7a..9cc1cd576a 100644 --- a/job/39/13.md +++ b/job/39/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# The wings of the ostrich ... pinions and plumage of love? -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **The wings...of love** - Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job cannot explain why ostriches behave the way that they do. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **ostrich** - a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot fly -* **wave proudly** - "move with joy" -* **pinions** - the very long feathers on the wings of birds -* **plumage** - the smaller feathers that are all over the body of a bird -* **of love** - Possible meanings are 1) "of faithfulness" or 2) "of a stork." The name of the stork meant "the faithful one" or "the loving one" because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks. -* **on the earth** - "on the ground" -* **crush them** - The word "them" refers to the eggs. -* **trample them** - "step on them" +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job cannot explain why ostriches behave the way they do. AT: "You do not know whether the pinions and plumage of the ostrich represent love when they wave their wings proudly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# ostrich + +a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot fly + +# wave proudly + +"move with joy" + +# pinions + +the very long feathers on the wings of birds + +# plumage + +the smaller feathers that cover the body of a bird + +# of love + +The Hebrew word is uncertain. Possible meanings are 1) "of faithfulness" or 2) "of a stork." The name of the stork meant "the faithful one" or "the loving one" because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks. + +# on the earth + +"on the ground" + +# crush them + +The word "them" refers to the eggs. + +# trample them + +"step on them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/16.md b/job/39/16.md index c65237cba4..7d6ad37ff7 100644 --- a/job/39/16.md +++ b/job/39/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# She deals roughly -* **She deals roughly** - The word "she" refers to the female ostrich. -* **her labor** - the work that she does when she lays the eggs and takes care of the chicks -* **might have been in vain** - If the chicks die, all of her work was a useless. AT: "might have been useless if the chicks die." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **deprived her of wisdom** - "made her forget wisdom" -* **understanding** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:11:04]]. -* **she laughs...its rider** - It is implied that she laughs because she is faster than the horse. AT: "she laughs...its rider, because the horse cannot run as fast as she can." +The word "She" refers to the female ostrich. + +# her labor + +the work that she does when she lays the eggs + +# might have been in vain + +If the chicks die, all of her work was useless. AT: "might have been useless if the chicks die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# deprived her of wisdom + +"made her forget wisdom" or "not given her wisdom" + +# understanding + +See how you translated this in [Job 11:6](../11/04.md). + +# When she runs + +This verse is in contrast to her weakness in caring for her chicks. AT: "However, when she runs" + +# she laughs ... its rider + +It is implied that she laughs because she is faster than the horse. AT: "she laughs ... its rider because she can run faster than the horse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/19.md b/job/39/19.md index e4c3a29bed..e67353e317 100644 --- a/job/39/19.md +++ b/job/39/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -* **Have you given the horse...a locust?** - Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that he is the one who does these things and that Job is not. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **clothe his neck** - The word "cloth" is a way of describing how Yahweh made the neck of the horse. AT: "make his neck." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his flowing mane** - the long hair that comes down from the neck of a horse and shakes when the horse moves -* **a locust** - a large kind of grasshopper that can jump very far and very quickly -* **snorting** - a very loud sound that horses make with their nose +Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild horse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have you given the horse his strength? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have never given the horse his strength." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did you clothe his neck with his flowing mane? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot clothe his neck with his flowing mane." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# clothe his neck with his flowing mane + +The horse's "mane" is spoken of as if it was clothing for the neck of the horse. AT: "made his flowing main to cover his neck like clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flowing mane + +the long hair on the top of the neck of a horse + +# Have you ever made him jump like a locust? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are not able to make him jump like a locust." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a locust + +a large kind of grasshopper that can jump very far and very quickly + +# snorting + +a very loud sound that horses make with their nose \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/21.md b/job/39/21.md index 24710a64f2..417f4f0df3 100644 --- a/job/39/21.md +++ b/job/39/21.md @@ -1,20 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# He paws -* **He paws** - The word "he" refers to the horse. The horse paws the ground because he is very excited to begin the fight. AT: "He paws with excitement." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **paws** - "digs at the ground with his hooves" -* **mocks** - "laughs at" -* **dismayed** - "terrified" or "afraid" -* **turn back** - "run away from" -* **quiver** - a container that holds arrows -* **rattles** - "shakes and makes noise" -* **flank** - the side of a horse -* **javelin** - a long stick with a sharp end that people throw at their enemies +The word "He" refers to the horse. The horse paws the ground because he is very excited to begin the fight. AT: "He paws with excitement and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# paws + +"digs at the ground with his hooves" + +# to meet the weapons + +Here "the weapons" represent the battle in which they are used. AT: "to join in the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He mocks fear + +"He is not afraid at all" + +# mocks + +"laughs at" + +# dismayed + +"discouraged" + +# does not turn back + +"does not run away" + +# quiver + +a container that holds arrows + +# rattles + +"shakes and makes noise" + +# flank + +the side of a horse + +# javelin + +a long stick with a sharp end that people throw at their enemies \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/24.md b/job/39/24.md index 0659aee203..cf5eb05871 100644 --- a/job/39/24.md +++ b/job/39/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# He -* **He** - The word "he" refers to the horse. -* **swallows up ground** - The horse runs over the ground so quickly that the ground passes by like water that a person drinks. AT: "runs very fast over the ground." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **with fierceness and rage** - "with big and quick movements." The horse is very excited, so he moves quickly and strongly. Because of this, the horse runs very fast. -* **at the trumpet’s sound** - AT: "when someone blows a trumpet to announce that a battle has begun." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he cannot stand in one place** - AT: "he always rushes to the battle." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **he says, ‘Aha** - The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they are happy about something. The horse is happy because he enjoys battles. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the thunderous shouts** - It is implied that the horse hears these things. AT: "he hears the thunderous shouts..." -* **the outcries** - "the war cries." People have special yells that they use in war to show who they are and their great strength and bravery and to scare the enemy. +The word "He" refers to the horse. + +# swallows up ground + +The horse runs over the ground so quickly that the ground passes by like water that a person drinks. AT: "runs very fast over the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with fierceness and rage + +The horse is very excited, so he moves quickly and strongly. + +# at the trumpet's sound + +It can be stated that someone blows the trumpet. AT: "when someone blows a trumpet to announce that a battle has begun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he cannot stand in one place + +"he is too excited to stand still" + +# he says, 'Aha + +The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they discover something. The horse makes a sound because he has discovered the battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the thunderous shouts + +It is implied that the horse hears these things. AT: "he hears the thunderous shouts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the outcries + +"the battle cries." People have special shouts that they use in war to show their great strength and bravery and to scare the enemy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/26.md b/job/39/26.md index d6350cec5f..79a386ae34 100644 --- a/job/39/26.md +++ b/job/39/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# Is it by your wisdom ... for the south? -* **Is it by your wisdom...for the south?** - The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "It is not by your wisdom...for the south." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is it by your wisdom that the hawk soars** - AT: "It is not you who taughts the hawk to soar." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **stretches out his wings** - AT: "flies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for the south** - In the biblical geography, birds fly south during the winter in order to live in warmer climates. +Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not as great as Yahweh. The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "It is not by your wisdom ... for the south." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# stretches out his wings for the south + +Here the stretching out of his wings refers to flying. AT: "flies to the south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the south + +In the biblical geography, birds fly south during the winter in order to live in warmer climates. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/27.md b/job/39/27.md index 7741ab189a..ed9ee4168a 100644 --- a/job/39/27.md +++ b/job/39/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# Is it at your orders ... nest in high places? -* **Is it at your orders...nest in high places?** - The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "It is not at your orders...nest in high places." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is it at your orders** - AT: "Is it because you tell it to do so" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **mounts up** - AT: "flies up into the sky" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a stronghold** - The high cliffs are strongholds for eagles because the animals that would want to eat them cannot reach them. +Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not powerful enough to command the eagles. The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "You are not able to command the eagle to mount up and build his nest in high places." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# at your orders + +The abstract noun "orders" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you tell it to do so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# mounts up + +This means he flies upward. AT: "flies up into the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a stronghold + +The high cliffs are strongholds for eagles because the animals that would want to eat them cannot reach them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/29.md b/job/39/29.md index db44e262b1..aa9acf6cc0 100644 --- a/job/39/29.md +++ b/job/39/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# he searches for victims -* **he searches for victims** - Here the word "he" refers to the eagle. -* **his eyes see them** - AT: "he sees them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **where killed people are** - "where there are dead people." This phrase refers to dead bodies that are lying out in the open, not to bodies that are buried in the ground. -* **there he is** - AT: "he is there to eat them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here the word "he" refers to the eagle. + +# victims + +"animals that he can kill and eat" + +# his eyes see them + +Here "his eyes" refer to the eagle. AT: "he sees them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# His young + +"The baby eagles." It may be helpful to state that this happens after the eagle kills and animal. AT: "After an eagle kills an animal, the baby eagles" + +# drink up blood + +"drink the blood of the animal that he killed" + +# where killed people are + +"where there are dead people." This phrase refers to dead bodies that are lying out in the open, not to bodies that are buried in the ground. + +# there he is + +It can be made explicit that he comes to eat the dead bodies. AT: "he is there to eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/intro.md b/job/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c8d05da9c --- /dev/null +++ b/job/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 39 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter. Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. Yahweh continues to speak in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's greatness ##### +Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. Since Job cannot understand creation, he cannot truly understand Yahweh. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. Many of these questions focus on nature because Yahweh is the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/01.md b/job/40/01.md index 32d29855e6..af4ec30dc1 100644 --- a/job/40/01.md +++ b/job/40/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty? -* **Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty** - The expected answer to this question is, "No." AT: "No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh is rebuking Job. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God." or "You, a person, want to criticize me, Almighty God, but you should not try to correct me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He who argues with God, let him answer + +Yahweh speaks of Job and himself as if they were two other people to remind Job that no person anywhere should argue with God. AT: "You want to argue with me, so answer me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/03.md b/job/40/03.md index 01f24321d9..c1c3aaa81c 100644 --- a/job/40/03.md +++ b/job/40/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# See +"Indeed" -## translationNotes +# I am insignificant -* **I am insignificant** - "I am not important" -* **how can I answer you** - AT: "I cannot answer you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"I am not important" + +# how can I answer you? + +Job uses this question to apologize for questioning God. AT: "I cannot answer you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/06.md b/job/40/06.md index a4b9787697..8282c618f0 100644 --- a/job/40/06.md +++ b/job/40/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# gird up your loins like a man - -## translationNotes - -* **gird up your loins like a man** - This compares Job to a man getting ready for work. "Gird up your loins" means to tuck one robe up under their sash or belt, so the person can work. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +A man who tucks his robe up under his sash or belt is preparing for hard physical work, and Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. See how you translated this in [Job 38:3](../38/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/08.md b/job/40/08.md index 7187507711..40cfbc516b 100644 --- a/job/40/08.md +++ b/job/40/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# Will you actually say that I am unjust? -* **Will you actually say that I am unjust?** - AT: "You are saying I am unjust." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will you condemn me so that you may claim that you are right?** - AT: "You are condemning me so you can claim that you are innocent." (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **arm like God's** - AT: "strength like God's strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **can you thunder with a voice like him** - AT: "You certainly do not have a powerful voice like God's, who causes thunder". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "actually" indicates that Yahweh is surprised that Job would say that Yahweh is unjust and that Job should make sure that he really wants to say that. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am surprised that you are saying I am unjust." or "You should be sure that you want to say that I am unjust, because that is what you are saying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are condemning me so you can claim that you are innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# an arm like God's + +The arm is a metonym for the strength in the arm. AT: "strength like God's strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Can you thunder with a voice like him? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You certainly cannot cause thunder with your voice the way God does with his." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a voice like him + +"a voice the way he does" or "a voice like his voice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/10.md b/job/40/10.md index 8e57a5e0ee..b3bbe0a6de 100644 --- a/job/40/10.md +++ b/job/40/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# clothe yourself in glory and dignity; array yourself in honor and majesty -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] +The abstract nouns "glory," "dignity," "honor," and "majesty" are spoken of as if they were clothing that a person could put on. They can be translated as adjectives and verbs. AT: "make yourself glorious; do something great so people will respect you and honor you; make people think you are a great king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Scatter around the excess of your anger -* **Scatter around the excess of your anger;** - AT: "Reveal how angry you are at the pride of people;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **look at everyone who is proud** - AT: "look at all the proud people" -* **bring him down** - AT: "lower him in importance" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The abstract noun "anger" is spoken of as it it were something that usually could be held in a container, but in this situation there is so much of it that what does not fit needs to be spread around. It is also a metonym for the actions a person takes when he is angry. You may need to make explicit why the person is angry. AT: "Be angry because people are proud, and punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bring him down + +"take away everything he is proud of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/12.md b/job/40/12.md index 48b0346791..17df541c3f 100644 --- a/job/40/12.md +++ b/job/40/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# their faces -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +The "face" represents the whole person. AT: "them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the hidden place -* **imprison their faces** - AT: "imprison them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **in the hidden place** - This is another way of saying "sheol" or "the place where Old Testament people went when they died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +a euphemism for the place where people's spirits go when they die (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/15.md b/job/40/15.md index 330e1164ad..b127423ef8 100644 --- a/job/40/15.md +++ b/job/40/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# behemoth -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +a large water animal, possibly the hippopotamus -## translationNotes +# he eats -* **he eats** - The word "he" refers to the behemoth. -* **like an ox** - This describes how the behemoth actually eats grass. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +the behemoth eats + +# eats grass like an ox + +Both the behemoth and the ox eat grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# loins ... belly's muscles + +These two phrases refer to the same part of the body. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/17.md b/job/40/17.md index 1fa26b869c..21d84fb68b 100644 --- a/job/40/17.md +++ b/job/40/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# like a cedar -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] +Cedar is a very hard wood, and his tail becomes very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# like tubes of bronze -* **like a cedar** - AT: "the way the branches of a cedar tree move" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like tubes of brass** - Here, his bones are compared to tubes made of bronze to show how tough this animal is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like bars of iron** - This last comparisons describes the strength of this great animal. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here, his bones are compared to tubes made of bronze to show how tough this animal is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like bars of iron + +This last comparison describes the strength of this great animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/19.md b/job/40/19.md index 101d983992..fc4d1f763b 100644 --- a/job/40/19.md +++ b/job/40/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# chief of the creatures -* [[en:tw:creature]] +"most important of the creatures" or "strongest of the creatures" -## translationNotes +# the creatures of God. Only God -* **the hills provide him with food** - The author speaks about the hills as if they were people capable of providing him with food. AT: "Food grows on the hill for them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **lotus plant** - a flowering plant that floats on top of the water in swampy areas. -* **reeds** - tall grasses found in swamps or marshes. +Yahweh speaks as if he were another person. AT: "of my creatures. Only I, God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# the hills provide him with food + +The hills are spoken of as if they were people capable of giving him food. AT: "food grows on the hills for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# lotus plants + +flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas + +# reeds + +tall grasses found in swamps or marshes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/22.md b/job/40/22.md index 9acdbf855e..68cbce53dd 100644 --- a/job/40/22.md +++ b/job/40/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# lotus plants -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] +flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas. See how you translated this in [Job 40:19](./19.md). -## translationNotes +# willows of the brook -* **lotus plant** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:40:19]] -* **banks** - sides of the river -* **though a Jordan River should surge up to his snout** - AT: " even if the flood comes up to his nose." -* **Can anyone capture him with a hook, … a snare?** - This is a rhetorical question to be answered in the negative. AT: "No one can capture him even with a hook or a snare." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Willows are large trees that grow in damp ground. If they are unknown in your culture, you can use a general term for trees that grow near water. + +# banks + +sides of the river + +# though the Jordan should surge up to his mouth + +"even if the flood of the Jordan should come up to his mouth" + +# Can anyone capture him with a hook ... snare? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can capture him with a hook or pierce his nose through with a snare." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/intro.md b/job/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c7c8950d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Job 40 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + + Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 40:1-2, 4-5, 7-24, which are extended quotations of Job and Yahweh. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +In seeking to defend his own righteousness, Job accuses Yahweh of being unjust. Yahweh asks a very important question: "Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?" This is the essence of Job's error. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### +Yahweh states, "He who argues with God, let him answer." Job immediately answers him. This is irony. While Job is forced to acknowledge the power of Yahweh, he does not repent of his former statements. Because of this, Yahweh asks him more questions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Animals ##### +There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/01.md b/job/41/01.md index 3cba1ab5a6..a68dac679d 100644 --- a/job/41/01.md +++ b/job/41/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:word]] +God continues speaking. He is using many rhetorical questions to challenge Job. -## translationNotes +# Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook? -* God continues speaking. He is using many rhetorical questions to challenge Joh. -* **Can you draw out leviathan with a fishhook?** - AT: "You cannot draw out leviathan with a fishhook". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Or tie up his jaws with a cord?** - This is not a full sentence, but its meaning can be understood from the context as "Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?" AT: "Or you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Can you put a rope into his nose, … with a hook?** - AT: "You cannot put a rope into his nose, or pierce his jaw through with a hook." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will he make many pleas to you?** - AT: "He will not make pleas to you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will he speak soft words to you?** - AT: "He will not speak soft words to you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **his, he** - The word "his" and "he" refer to Leviathan. +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot draw out Leviathan with a fishhook." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# draw out + +pull out of the water + +# his ... he + +The words "his" and "he" refer to Leviathan. + +# Or tie up his jaws with a cord? + +This is not a full sentence, but its meaning can be understood from the context as "Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?" This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "And you know that you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can you put a rope into his nose ... with a hook? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot put a rope into his nose ... with a hook." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will he make many pleas to you? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that he will not make pleas to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will he speak soft words to you? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that he will not speak soft words to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/04.md b/job/41/04.md index 27f683abaf..9c15b1c3ad 100644 --- a/job/41/04.md +++ b/job/41/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. -## translationNotes +# Will he make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever? -* **Will he make an agreement with you, that you should take him for a servant forever?** - AT: "He will not make an agreement with you, that you should take him for a servant forever." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will you play with him as you would with a bird?** - AT: " You will not play with him as you would play with a bird." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will you tie him for your servant girls?** - AT: "You will not tie him for your servant girls." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him?** - AT: "The groups of fishermen will not bargain for him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants?** - AT: "They will not divide him up to trade among the merchants." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will they divide** - "Will the groups of fishermen divide" +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that he will not make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he ... him + +The words "he" and "him" refer to Leviathan. + +# Will you play with him as you would with a bird? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot play with him as you would play with a bird." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will you tie him up for your servant girls? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot tie him up for your servant girls." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that the groups of fishermen will not bargain for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that they will not divide him up to trade among the merchants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will they divide + +"Will the groups of fishermen divide" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/07.md b/job/41/07.md index ed86fa0830..5e3c873a96 100644 --- a/job/41/07.md +++ b/job/41/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:hope]] +Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. -## translationNotes +# Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears? -* **Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears?** - AT: "You cannot pierce his skin with your hunting weapons, nor can you pierce his head with fishing spears." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **harpoon** - a large spear with a barbed point used to hunt large fish or whales. -* **will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him?** - "Anyone will be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot pierce his skin with your hunting weapons, nor can you pierce his head with fishing spears." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his ... him + +The words "his" and "him" refer to Leviathan. + +# harpoons + +large spears with barbed points that people use to hunt large sea creatures + +# See + +"Pay attention to the important thing I am going to say" + +# will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him? + +This generalization can be translated as a statement in active form. AT: "Anyone who looks at him will be so frightened that he will throw himself on the ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the sight of him + +"by looking at him" or "by seeing him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/10.md b/job/41/10.md index 7ea875cd19..69b69d3c5d 100644 --- a/job/41/10.md +++ b/job/41/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. -## translationNotes +# None is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up; who, then, is he who can stand before me? -* **who, then, is he who can stand before me?** - AT: "There is no one who can stand before me". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who has first given anything to me, in order that I should repay him?** - AT: "No one has first given anything to me, in order that I should repay him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **nor about the matter of his strength** - AT: "I will speak about the matter of his strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **nor about his graceful form** - AT: "I will speak about his graceful form" - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +It would be easier to stir up Leviathan than to stand before Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Since you know that no person is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up, you should certainly know that no one can stand before me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who has first given anything to me in order that I should repay him? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that no one has first given anything to me, so there is no one whom I need to repay." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he ... him + +The words "he" and "him" refer to a person. + +# I will not keep silent + +This can be translated in positive form. AT: "I will certainly speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# legs, nor about the matter of his strength + +You may need to add the omitted words. AT: "legs. I will also speak about the matter of his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# strength, nor about his graceful form + +You may need to add the omitted words. AT: "strength. I will also speak about his graceful form" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his + +The word "his" refers to Leviathan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/13.md b/job/41/13.md index 4cd49252f6..b319cd0d11 100644 --- a/job/41/13.md +++ b/job/41/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. -## translationNotes +# Who can strip off his outer covering? -* **Who can strip off his outer covering?** - AT: "No one can strip off his outer clothing." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who can penetrate his double armor?** - AT: "No one can penetrate his very thick hide." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who can open the doors of his face … ?** - AT: "No one can pry his jaws apart … "(UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **close together as with a close seal.** - This means the scales are very close to one another and tightly bound together. +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can strip off his outer clothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his + +The word "his" refers to Leviathan. + +# Who can penetrate his double armor? + +The word "armor" is a metaphor for the hard scales or hide on his back. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can penetrate his very thick hide." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who can open the doors of his face ... terror? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can pry his jaws apart ... terror." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# shields + +The word "shields" is a metaphor for Leviathan's hide. Both shields and Leviathan's hide protect well and deflect arrows and other weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tight together as with a close seal + +This means the "shields" are very close to one another and nothing can get between them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/16.md b/job/41/16.md index 1f2d5cd22f..1e06d89432 100644 --- a/job/41/16.md +++ b/job/41/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# One is so near to another -* [[en:tw:light]] +One row of shields is so near to another ([Job 41:15](./13.md)). -## translationNotes +# them ... they -* **One is so near to another** - "One row of shields is so near to another" -* **them, they** - The word "them" and "they" refer to the rows of shields. -* **they cannot be pulled apart** - AT: "people cannot pull them apart" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The words "them" and "they" refer to the rows of shields ([Job 41:15](./13.md)). + +# they cannot be pulled apart + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one can pull them apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from his snorting + +"when he snorts." A snort is a sound like a short snore. Another possible meaning is "from his sneezing" or "when he sneezes." + +# his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning dawn + +This means that his eyes are red as the morning dawn is red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# his + +The word "his" refers to Leviathan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/19.md b/job/41/19.md index 904c09fd22..ab13a17543 100644 --- a/job/41/19.md +++ b/job/41/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out -* [[en:tw:fire]] +God expresses the same idea in two different ways in order to emphasize the terrifying appearance of Leviathan. You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. AT: "Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out of his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# his -* **Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out** - AT: "Out of his mouth go burning torches, out of his mouth sparks of fire leap out." The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Out of his nostrils goes smoke … to be very hot** - The smoke coming out of his nostrils is compared to a boiling pot on a fire.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **nostrils** - the two openings of the nose +The word "his" refers to Leviathan. + +# nostrils + +the two openings of the nose + +# smoke like a boiling pot + +Both the smoke and a boiling pot are very hot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# kindles coals into flame + +"causes coals to catch fire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/22.md b/job/41/22.md index 06de2fd21b..51fce9c0bf 100644 --- a/job/41/22.md +++ b/job/41/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his ... him -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +The words "his" and "him" refer to Leviathan. -## translationNotes +# terror dances in front of him -* **his, he** - The words "his" and "he" refer to Leviathan. -* **they cannot be moved** - AT: "no one can move them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "terror" can be translated as the verb "be afraid." AT: "when people see him coming, they are very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they cannot be moved + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one can move them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# His heart is as hard as a stone + +A rock or stone does not change and become soft. Possible meanings are 1) Leviathan's physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or 2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or 3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a lower millstone + +"the hardest of rocks." The lower millstone is the larger and harder of the two rocks used to grind grain. It would be the hardest rock people could find. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/25.md b/job/41/25.md index 899de005f8..5f21640bb1 100644 --- a/job/41/25.md +++ b/job/41/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he ... himself ... him -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The words "he," "himself," and "him" refer to Leviathan. -## translationNotes +# the gods -* **even the gods become afraid;** - AT: "even very strong people become afraid;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **He thinks of iron as if it were straw** - AT: "He thinks of weapons made of iron as if they were weapon made of straw" This shows how ineffective these strong metals are against Leviathan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and of bronze as if it were rotten wood** - AT: "He thinks of weapons made of bronze as if they were weapons made of rotten wood" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "mighty people" or 2) "very strong people" . + +# He thinks of iron as if it were straw + +"He thinks of weapons made of iron as if they were weapons made of straw." Straw would not get through his hide, and iron weapons do not get through his hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# of bronze as if it were rotten wood + +You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. AT: "he thinks of weapons made of bronze as if they were weapons made of rotten wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/28.md b/job/41/28.md index 213219965d..2b31264a50 100644 --- a/job/41/28.md +++ b/job/41/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to him sling stones become chaff -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] +Chaff cannot hurt Leviathan, and sling stones are just as ineffective as chaff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# him ... he ... His -* **to him sling stones become chaff** - This means that sling stones are no more useful than chaff in the wind against Leviathan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Clubs are regarded as straw** - This means that a club is no more effective than a piece of straw for beating Leviathan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he laughs at the whirring flight of a spear** - The Leviathan is compared to a human being laughing at the futility of their battling against him by throwing spears. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **His lower parts are like sharp pieces of broken pottery** - This says that his scales are sharp. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he leaves a spreading trail in the mud as if he were a threshing sledge** - This compares his tail to threshing sledge that scrapes the ground and leaves a mark as it moves. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The words "him," "he," and "his" refer to Leviathan. + +# Clubs are regarded as straw + +A club made of straw would not hurt him, and a club made of wood would not hurt him. This can be translated in active form. AT: "He thinks of clubs as if they were straw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he laughs at the whirring flight of a spear + +The person throwing the spear hopes that the spear will kill Leviathan, but the writer speaks as if Leviathan knows the spear will not kill him and so laughs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# he leaves a spreading trail in the mud as if he were a threshing sledge + +Just as a threshing sledge goes over grain on a threshing floor and turns it to powder, so Leviathan's tail leaves a trail in the mud as he wags it when he walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/31.md b/job/41/31.md index 3152b2cd7c..6de23a78ae 100644 --- a/job/41/31.md +++ b/job/41/31.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He makes the deep to foam up like a pot of boiling water +"As he passes through the water, he leaves a trail of bubbles behind him, like the bubbling of boiling water in a pot" -## translationNotes +# He -* **He makes the deep to foam up like a pot of boiling water** - AT: "As he passes through the water, he leaves a trail of bubbles behind him, like the bubbling of a pot of boiling water." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he makes the sea like a pot of ointment** - This means that he churns the sea like a jar of ointment would look after it was shaken thoroughly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **one would think the deep to be white** - This means that the water is all riled up as Leviathan swims by because of his size, causing a trail of bubbles. +The word "he" refers to Leviathan. + +# he makes the sea like a pot of ointment + +The ointment in a pot is cloudy if someone shakes it, and the sea is muddy when Leviathan swims in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# one would think the deep had gray hair + +This is because the bubbles in his wake are white. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/33.md b/job/41/33.md index e67b871847..9b71454945 100644 --- a/job/41/33.md +++ b/job/41/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# there is no equal to him -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"no other creature is like Leviathan" -## translationNotes +# He sees everything that is proud -* **there is no equal to him** - AT: "no other creature is like Leviathan" -* **He sees everything that is proud;** - AT: "He is very, very proud;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **he is king over all the sons of pride** - AT: "Leviathan is like a king of proud beings." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"He is very, very proud" + +# him ... He + +The words "him" and "he" refer to Leviathan. + +# he is king over all the sons of pride + +Leviathan is spoken of as if he were a person who is able to become king and be proud. AT: "Leviathan has more reason to be proud than anyone else on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/intro.md b/job/41/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f94fe53e0b --- /dev/null +++ b/job/41/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Job 41 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh. It is a continuation of the previous chapter. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Animals ##### + +There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 41:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/01.md b/job/42/01.md index 80ef2b8133..96dddba4ea 100644 --- a/job/42/01.md +++ b/job/42/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I know that you can do all things, that no purpose of yours can be stopped -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:job]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +You may want to repeat the words "I know." AT: "I know that you can do all things. I know that no purpose of yours can be stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# no purpose of yours can be stopped -* **I know that you can do all things, that no purpose of yours can be stopped** - AT: "I know that you can do all things. I know that no purpose of yours can be stopped." This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **no purpose of yours can be stopped** - AT: "no one can stop any of your purpose" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Who is this without knowledge who brings darkness to my plans?** - AT: "It is a very arrogant person who dares to argue with me when he has no idea what I intend to do." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one can stop any of your plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Who is this who without knowledge conceals plans + +Most modern versions agree that Job is loosely quoting God's own words from [Job 38:2](../38/01.md). You may decide, as does the UDB, to make it clear that God asked this question of Job and that Job is now remembering it. AT: "You said to me, 'Who is this who has no knowledge, but who dares to hide my plans'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# conceals plans + +That is, hides or misrepresents God's plans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/04.md b/job/42/04.md index 6096af1c00..4ec7d91066 100644 --- a/job/42/04.md +++ b/job/42/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# but now my eye sees you -* [[en:tw:repent]] +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents understanding. AT: "but now I really understand you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# despise myself -* **but now my eyes see you** - AT: "but now I really understand you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **sit in dust and ashes** - This was a cultural way of showing remorse and repentance. +Job's self is a metonym for what he said. AT: "I despise the things I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# despise + +"intensely dislike" or "am unhappy with" + +# I repent in dust and ashes + +Sitting in dust and ashes is a symbolic act showing the person is sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/07.md b/job/42/07.md index a998253342..9c40fdb540 100644 --- a/job/42/07.md +++ b/job/42/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Eliphaz the Temanite -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Eliphaz the Temanite** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:02:11]] -* **seven bulls** - "7 bulls" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Bildad the Shuhite** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:02:11]] -* **Zophar the Naamathite** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:job:02:11]] -* **Yahweh accepted Job** - AT: "God accepted Job's prayer for his three friends" +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) + +# My wrath is kindled against you + +Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. AT: "I have become very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seven bulls + +"7 bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# so that I may not deal with you after your folly + +The abstract noun "folly" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "even though you have been very foolish, I will not punish you as you deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Bildad the Shuhite + +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) + +# Zophar the Naamathite + +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) + +# Yahweh accepted Job + +The person is a metonym for the prayer he prays. AT: "God accepted Job's prayer for his three friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/10.md b/job/42/10.md index 3fcc8ca3b1..f52b699060 100644 --- a/job/42/10.md +++ b/job/42/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh restored his fortunes -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +"Yahweh restored his riches" or "Yahweh restored his wealth" -## translationNotes +# all who knew him before -* **They sorrowed with him and comforted him** - These two activities of sorrowing and comforting work together in the process of the restoration of Job. +"all the people he had known before" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/12.md b/job/42/12.md index a7970be5f9..8e66636179 100644 --- a/job/42/12.md +++ b/job/42/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# more than the first -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +You may need to add the omitted words. AT: "more than the first part of his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# fourteen thousand sheep -* **more than the first** - AT: "more than the first part of his life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **fourteen thousand sheep** - 14,000 sheep (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **six thousand camels** - 6,000 camels (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **one thousand yoke of oxen** - 1,000 yoke of oxen (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **seven sons and three daughters** - 7 sons and 3 daughters -* **Jemimah** - Job's 1st daughter (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Keziah** - Job's 2nd daughter (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the third Kerenhappuch** - AT: "the 3rd daughter Kerenhappuch" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +14,000 sheep (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# six thousand camels + +6,000 camels (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one thousand yoke of oxen + +1,000 yoke of oxen (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seven sons and three daughters + +7 sons and 3 daughters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jemimah ... Keziah ... Keren-Happuch + +women's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/15.md b/job/42/15.md index 9d70543058..aea749cbdd 100644 --- a/job/42/15.md +++ b/job/42/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# no women were found as beautiful as Job's daughters -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] +"Job's daughters were more beautiful than all the other women" -## translationNotes +# lived 140 years -* **no women were found as beautiful as Job’s daughters** - AT: "Job's daughters were very, very beautiful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **being old and full of years ** - These two short phrases have the same meaning. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"lived 140 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# being old and full of days + +The words "full of days" means basically the same thing as "being old." The two phrases form a common idiom. AT: "a very old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/intro.md b/job/42/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5bcbbe9a75 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/42/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Job 42 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 42:1-6, which is an extended quotation of Job. + +Having faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice ##### +Yahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job's friends and restores Job's blessings. Yahweh's blessing was not dependent upon Job's repentance, but upon Yahweh's grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 42:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../41/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/front/intro.md b/job/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9c66834c7a --- /dev/null +++ b/job/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# Introduction to Job # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Job #### + +1. Job is introduced: position in life, his family, and his situation (1–2:13) + - Job's flawless life is presented (1:1–5, 20–22; 2:10) + - Satan seeks to test Job (1:6–12; 2:1–10) +1. The first set of speeches (3:1–14:22) + - Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar + - Job replies to each +1. The second set of speeches (15:1–21:34) + - Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar + - Job replies to each +1. The third set of speeches (22:1–31:40) + - Eliphaz and Bildad + - Job replies to each +1. Elihu speaks to Job (32:1–37:24) + - He calls on Job to take responsibility for his actions (32:1–33:33) + - He summarizes Job's complaints (34:1–9) + - He answers Job's first and second complaints (34:10–35:16) + - Elihu describes God's glorious deeds (36:1–37:24) +1. The Lord answers Job out of the whirlwind (38:1–41:34) +1. Job is humbled before God (42:1–6) +1. God rebukes Job's friends (except Elihu) (42:7–9) +1. God brings back prosperity to Job (42:10–17) + +#### What is the Book of Job about? #### + +The Book of Job presents a situation in which disaster comes to Job, even though he is faithful to Yahweh. The book asks why God permits trials and losses to come into the lives of those who worship him. The book explains that when this happens, it is more important to trust God and to find peace in him than it is to understand the reason for the suffering. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The Book of Job is named for Job, the main character in the book. His name is not related to the English word "job." Translators might choose to make the title clearer, for example, "The Book About Job." + +#### Who wrote the Book of Job? #### + +The author of the Book of Job is not known. Many suggest that Moses composed or compiled the book, but this is uncertain. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Does sin cause suffering? #### + +Although sin causes suffering, this does not mean that sin causes all suffering. It was generally believed in the Ancient Near East that a person suffered because of certain sins in his life or in the lives of his parents or ancestors. This is, in fact, what many religions teach. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### When did the events presented in the Book of Job take place? #### + +The story about Job is set in the time of the patriarchs—Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Very little is known for certain about the religious and cultural context of the book. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What style of writing is in the Book of Job? #### + +The beginning and the end of the Book of Job are mostly narrative, forming the introduction and conclusion. However, most of the book is poetry. This is well-suited to the lessons in the book, which apply equally well to people living in any time period. There are many examples of this philosophical kind of poetry from the ancient Near East. + +#### How do I translate the term "friends"? #### + +While the ULB uses the term "friends" in reference to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, this word is somewhat misleading. Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are not really Job's friends. Instead, they try to persuade Job to say something about God that he believes is false. + +#### Is the Book of Job difficult to translate? #### + +Because Job is not connected with a specific historical context, the translator may wish to translate this book before other Old Testament books. On the other hand, the book of Job has many unique words and phrases, which make parts difficult to understand. The translator should be aware that this causes the book to be hard to translate. For this reason, translators may decide not to attempt to translate this book until they have gained much experience translating other portions of the Bible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/01.md b/jol/01/01.md index ee1ee55a8c..c273744529 100644 --- a/jol/01/01.md +++ b/jol/01/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:joel]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +God speaks through Joel to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh that came to Joel -* God speaks through Joel to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Pethuel** - Joel's father (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Has this ever before happened in your days Or in the days of your ancestors?** - AT: "This has never happened before either to you or your ancestors" (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Joel. AT: "the message Yahweh gave to Joel" or "the message Yahweh spoke to Joel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Pethuel + +Joel's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Has anything like this happened in your days or in the days of your ancestors? + +Joel is preparing the elders to listen to what he has to say. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Nothing like this has ever happened before either to you or to your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# their children the next generation + +You may need to fill in the words that have been left out. AT: "let their children tell the generation after them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/04.md b/jol/01/04.md index 156c4c8b66..2d660c08df 100644 --- a/jol/01/04.md +++ b/jol/01/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the swarming locust +large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# swarming locust ... great locust ... grasshopper ... caterpillar -* **swarms of locusts** - large groups of animals like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **swarming locust...great locust...grasshopper...caterpillar** - These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. +These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/05.md b/jol/01/05.md index 24b2484298..834e08a7c2 100644 --- a/jol/01/05.md +++ b/jol/01/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +God warns the people of Israel about the coming locust army. -## translationNotes +# you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you drinkers of wine -* God warns the people of Israel about the coming locust army. -* **you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you drinkers of wine** - If your language has only one word for "weep" and "wail," you can combine the lines: "you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **a nation** - The locust swarm is like an invading army. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **His teeth...he has the teeth...he has made...he has stripped** - The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as "it," or to the locusts as "they" (see UDB), or to the invader as one person (ULB). -* **my land...my vineyard...my fig tree** - Yahweh's land, vineyard, and fig tree -* **terrifying** - Those who see the land are appalled or horrified because it is completely destroyed. +If your language has only one word for "weep" and "wail," you can combine the lines: "you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a nation + +The locust swarm is like an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His teeth ... he has the teeth ... He has made ... He has stripped + +The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as "it," or to the locusts as "they," or to the invader as one person. + +# His teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the teeth of a lioness. + +These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts' teeth being as sharp as lions' teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my land ... my vineyard ... my fig tree + +Yahweh's land, vineyard, and fig tree + +# terrifying + +Those who see the land are very afraid because the invading nation has completely destroyed it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/08.md b/jol/01/08.md index 94b28ecfe2..d113f400ec 100644 --- a/jol/01/08.md +++ b/jol/01/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the ground is mourning -* God continues speaking to the people of Israel. +Here the land is spoken of as if it were a person. These words could also be seen as a metonym for the people who are mourning or even as hyperbole, that the famine is so bad that even things that are not alive are mourning. AT: "the farmers are mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the grain has been destroyed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the locusts have destroyed all of the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/11.md b/jol/01/11.md index cb1203392b..3cfb7c9735 100644 --- a/jol/01/11.md +++ b/jol/01/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +God continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# barley -* God continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **barley** - a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **withered** - dried up and died -* **fig...pomegranate...apple** - different types of fruit (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# withered + +dried up and died + +# fig ... pomegranate ... apple + +different types of fruit (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/13.md b/jol/01/13.md index cfed931938..3f5b73bb71 100644 --- a/jol/01/13.md +++ b/jol/01/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God speaks to the priests in Israel -## translationNotes +# the grain offering and the drink offering -* God speaks to the priests in Israel -* **Put on sackcloth and mourn, you priests! Wail, you servants of the altar. Come, lie all night in sackcloth, you servants of my God** - God is telling the priests to humble themselves and cry out in sadness. AT: “All you priests mourn and wail and humble yourselves by spending all night in sackcloth” (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the grain offering and the drink offering** - regular offerings in the temple -* **the house of your God** - the temple in Jerusalem +regular offerings in the temple + +# the house of Yahweh your God + +the temple in Jerusalem \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/15.md b/jol/01/15.md index 7ef5639b69..d0ef179f33 100644 --- a/jol/01/15.md +++ b/jol/01/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] +This is what God is telling the priests to say. -## translationNotes +# With it will come destruction from the Almighty -* This is what God is telling the priests to say. -* **Has not food been cut off before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God?** - AT: "We have seen our supplies of food used up, and they have cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from our eyes** - "from us." This refers to all of the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **joy and gladness** - If your language only has one word for "joy" and "gladness" you may translate these as one word. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **clods** - lumps of dirt +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. AT: "On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Has not food been cut off from before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God? + +It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. AT: "We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from before our eyes + +"from us." This refers to all of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# joy and gladness from the house of our God + +You may need to fill in the ellipsis. AT: "joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# joy and gladness + +These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# clods + +lumps of dirt \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/18.md b/jol/01/18.md index 419a94bb8c..0a72061bad 100644 --- a/jol/01/18.md +++ b/jol/01/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God continues to tell the priests how they should pray for Israel. -## translationNotes +# groan -* God continues to tell the priests how they should pray for Israel. -* **groan** - make a deep sound because of pain -* **fire has devoured ... flames have burned ...** - These two similar phrases work together to show that all the land, whether cultivated or not, was destroyed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **brooks** - small streams +make a deep sound because of pain + +# brooks + +small streams \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/intro.md b/jol/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e26badea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jol/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Joel 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Joel is written in poetic form and with striking imagery. The ULB is written in poetic form but the UDB has been transferred to a prose form. If possible, use the poetic form to communicate the meaning of this book in order to stay closer to the original meaning of the text. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Locusts ##### +This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and they progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of the whole land of Israel. + +It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in this first chapter. Because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, his descriptions might represent enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land and its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +The author also uses rhetorical questions that communicate surprise and alarm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joel 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Joel intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/01.md b/jol/02/01.md index 15a7ec8bac..77c6d06123 100644 --- a/jol/02/01.md +++ b/jol/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Joel continues poetry that began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Blow the trumpet ... sound an alarm -* Joel continues poetry that began in the previous chapter. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Blow the trumpet...sound an alarm** - Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming. -* **day of darkness and gloom** - Israel will experience a very bad time. AT: "a day that is full of darkness" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **day of clouds and thick darkness** - This second phrase shows how intense this will be. AT: "a day of full darkness" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **gloom** - This can mean 1) sadness or 2) total or partial darkness -* **Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching** - AT: "A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a large and mighty army** - This can mean 1) a swarm of locusts (see UDB), AT: “A huge swarm of locusts” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]), or 2) a large human army. +Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming. + +# day of darkness and gloom + +The words "darkness" and "gloom" share similar meanings and emphasize that the darkness will be very dark. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. AT: "day that is full of darkness" or "day of terrible judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# gloom + +total or partial darkness + +# day of clouds and thick darkness + +This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both "clouds" and "thick darkness" refer to divine judgment. AT: "day full of dark storm clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching + +When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. AT: "A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a large and mighty army + +The words "large" and "mighty" share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word "army" could possibly be 1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or 2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/03.md b/jol/02/03.md index 18085788cd..c9ce475145 100644 --- a/jol/02/03.md +++ b/jol/02/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:eden]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Joel's description of the coming army continues. -## translationNotes +# A fire is consuming everything in front of it -* Joel's description of the coming army continues. -* **land is like the garden of Eden** - The garden of Eden was a beautiful place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **The land is like the garden of Eden in front of it, but behind it there is a ruined wilderness** - This is showing a contrast to highlight the destruction the fire is producing. +A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the "army" ([Joel 2:2](./01.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# behind it a flame is burning + +After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# land is like the garden of Eden + +The garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/04.md b/jol/02/04.md index 28d878061a..122717f07d 100644 --- a/jol/02/04.md +++ b/jol/02/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] +The description continues with the noises of an army of horses. -## translationNotes +# The army's appearance is like horses -* The description continues with the noises of an army of horses. -* **horses** - A large and fast animal with four legs. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **The army's appearance is like horses** - The head of a locust looks like a small horse head and the army is strong and fast like a horse. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **they run like horsemen** - The army moves quickly, as men riding horses would. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **jump** - A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly. -* **a noise like that of of chariots...Like the noise of fiery flames...Like a mighty army ready for battle.** - These are compared to the noise of the locust army. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# horses + +A large, strong, fast animal with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# they run like horsemen + +Men riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# jump + +A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly. + +# a noise like that of chariots ... like the noise of fiery flames ... like a mighty army ready for battle + +These sounds would have been very frightening to Joel's readers. If your readers will not understand what these sound like, you might be able to use a more general phrase: "a noise that frightens everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/06.md b/jol/02/06.md index c9a4acdead..09b1a3964d 100644 --- a/jol/02/06.md +++ b/jol/02/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:mighty]] +Joel continues to describe the locust army of Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# They run like mighty warriors ... climb the walls like soldiers -* Joel continues to describe the locust army of Yahweh. -* **They run like mighty warriors…climb the walls like soldier** - The army of locusts are described as acting like real soldiers would. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **walls** - walls around the cities +The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# walls + +walls around the cities \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/08.md b/jol/02/08.md index 9b1004fc1f..394f8b9f23 100644 --- a/jol/02/08.md +++ b/jol/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The description of the locust army of Yahweh continues. -## translationNotes +# they break through the defenses -* The description of the locust army of Yahweh continues. -* **they break through the defenses** - AT: they overcome the soldiers defending the city. +they overcome the soldiers defending the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/10.md b/jol/02/10.md index 896d6053cf..34a6ef4aa7 100644 --- a/jol/02/10.md +++ b/jol/02/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The earth shakes in front of them, the heavens tremble -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Joel speaks of the earth and heavens as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that the army is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the earth and the heavens are metonyms for the beings who live there. AT: "Everyone on earth and in the heavens is very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# the sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars stop shining -* **The earth shakes in front of them, The heavens tremble, The sun and the moon are darkened, And the stars stop shining** - There are so many locusts that the earth and sky shakes, and the all the objects in the sky cannot be seen. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Yahweh raises his voice** - Yahweh shows God's power and command over the army. AT: "Yahweh has control" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **great and very terrible** - In this phrase both descriptions mean basically the same thing. AT: "greatly terrible" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **Who can survive it?** - AT: "No one will be strong enough to survive Yahweh's judgement." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This exaggeration claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Yahweh raises his voice + +"Yahweh speaks loudly" to give commands. + +# great and very terrible + +In this phrase both descriptions mean basically the same thing. AT: "greatly terrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# Who can survive it? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one will be strong enough to survive Yahweh's judgment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/12.md b/jol/02/12.md index 4a8227fe8c..57e3d3025e 100644 --- a/jol/02/12.md +++ b/jol/02/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Return to me with all your heart -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. AT: "Turn away from your sins and be totally devoted to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). -## translationNotes +# Tear your heart and not only your garments -* **Return to me with all your heart** - AT: "Turn away from your sins and be totally devoted to me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). -* **Tear your heart and not only your garments** - Tearing one's clothes is an outward act of shame or repentance. "Tear you heart" refers to having an inward attitude of repentance as well. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **turn from** - stop +The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Tearing one's clothes is an outward act of shame or repentance. AT: "Change your way of thinking; do not just tear your garments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# abundant in covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "always faithful to his covenant" or "always loves faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# turn from + +stop \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/14.md b/jol/02/14.md index 74532d40b3..94d0a93a95 100644 --- a/jol/02/14.md +++ b/jol/02/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Will he perhaps turn ... God? -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mealoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger ... God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering -* **Will he perhaps turn...?** - AT: "Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"leave behind him a blessing—that is, a grain offering and a drink offering." The blessing is that plenty of grain and grapes will ripen, and so the people will be able to offer grain and drink offerings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/15.md b/jol/02/15.md index 2f05e459a8..919c68bf1c 100644 --- a/jol/02/15.md +++ b/jol/02/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# bridal chambers -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:sacred]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] - -## translationNotes - -* **bridal chambers** - rooms, usually in the parents' houses, where brides would wait for their wedding ceremonies +rooms, usually in the parents' houses, where brides would wait for their wedding ceremonies \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/17.md b/jol/02/17.md index 2e1c057070..52b6d9567b 100644 --- a/jol/02/17.md +++ b/jol/02/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# do not make your inheritance into an object of scorn -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"do not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless" -## translationNotes +# your inheritance -* **your inheritance** - the people of Israel, who are God's special people (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Why should they say among the nations, where is their God?** - AT: "Other nations should not say the God of Israel has abandoned his people." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). +Here the people of Israel are spoken of as God's inheritance. AT: "your special people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why should they say among the nations, 'Where is their God?' + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Other nations should not be able to say, 'Their God does not help them.'" or "Other nations should not be able to say that the God of Israel has abandoned his people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/18.md b/jol/02/18.md index 51cc9d581a..c05ea0ee18 100644 --- a/jol/02/18.md +++ b/jol/02/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his land -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +"the nation of Israel" -## translationNotes +# his people -* **his land** - "the nation of Israel" -* **his people** - "the people of Israel" -* **Look** - "Pay attention to what I'm about to say" -* **a disgrace** - "unworthy of respect" +"the people of Israel" + +# Look + +"Pay attention to what I am about to say" + +# You will be satisfied with them + +"You will have all you need of them" + +# a disgrace + +"unworthy of respect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/20.md b/jol/02/20.md index cc32db2dab..9afa8aac27 100644 --- a/jol/02/20.md +++ b/jol/02/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:castout|drive out]] +God continues his promise to Israel. -## translationNotes +# northern ... eastern ... western -* God continues his promise to Israel. -* **northern ... eastern ... western** - These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel. +These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel. + +# the eastern sea + +the Dead Sea + +# the western sea + +the Mediterranean Sea + +# he has done great things + +That is, Yahweh has done great things. Another possible meaning is that the writer speaks of the invading army, "it has done very bad things." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/21.md b/jol/02/21.md index b842d68c65..3bb06b412a 100644 --- a/jol/02/21.md +++ b/jol/02/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not fear, land -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Joel speaks to the people of the land as if he were speaking to the land itself. AT: "Do not be afraid, you people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not fear, beasts of the field -* **Do not fear, land,** - "Do not be afraid, you people of the land," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **the wilderness will sprout** - plants good for food will grow on the land -* **autumn rain and the spring rain** - the first rains of the rainy season in early December and the last rains in April and May +Joel speaks to people who own livestock as if he were speaking to the animals themselves. AT: "Do not be afraid, you people who own livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# the pastures of the wilderness will sprout + +The pastures are a metonym for the plants that grow in the pastures. AT: "plants good for food will sprout in the pastures in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will ... bring down showers for you + +"he will ... cause much rain to fall so that you will live well" + +# autumn rain and the spring rain + +the first rains of the rainy season in early December and the last rains in April and May \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/24.md b/jol/02/24.md index 4b426d4910..89f8f5b554 100644 --- a/jol/02/24.md +++ b/jol/02/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# vats -* ** vats** - large containers for liquids -* **the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten** - AT: “the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten” -* **swarming locust...the great locust, the grasshopper and the caterpillar** - See how you translated these words in [[en:bible:notes:jol:01:04]]. +large containers for liquids + +# the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten + +"the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten" + +# swarming locust ... the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust + +These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/26.md b/jol/02/26.md index fe0af1bdef..4009384c5b 100644 --- a/jol/02/26.md +++ b/jol/02/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle|wonders]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](./24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# praise the name of Yahweh -* Yahweh continues to promise good things for the people of Israel. +The name is a metonym for the person, specifically his reputation. AT: "praise Yahweh" or "praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the name of Yahweh ... who has done wonders + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to show that he will certainly do as he has said. AT: "my name ... because I have done wonders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/28.md b/jol/02/28.md index 8f87c3e43a..96a8699f0f 100644 --- a/jol/02/28.md +++ b/jol/02/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](./24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# It will come about afterward that I -* God continues to promise good things for the people of Israel. -* **I will pour out my Spirit** - "I will give generously the way a person pours out water" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **all flesh** - all people +"This is what I will do after that: I" + +# I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh + +Yahweh speaks of the Spirit as if he were speaking of water. AT" "I will give my Spirit generously to all flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all flesh + +Here "flesh" represents people. AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/30.md b/jol/02/30.md index b7a840f880..6adf109b14 100644 --- a/jol/02/30.md +++ b/jol/02/30.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heavens]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle|wonders]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](./24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# blood, fire, and pillars of smoke -* Yahweh continues speaking of things he will do in the future. -* **the heavens and on the earth** - This is a phrase that refers to the whole creation. -* **blood, fire and pillars of smoke** - "blood" is symbolizing the death of people. AT: "death, fire and pillars of smoke" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and the moon into blood** - AT: "and the moon will turn red" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **great and terrible day** - AT: "an important, fearful day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"blood" is symbolizing the death of people. AT: "death, fire and pillars of smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The sun will turn into darkness + +"The sun will no longer give light" + +# the moon into blood + +Here the word "blood" refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. AT: "the moon will turn red like blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/32.md b/jol/02/32.md index 292107f27d..fed0c702b3 100644 --- a/jol/02/32.md +++ b/jol/02/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](./24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# It will be that everyone -* **on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem** - These refer to the same place. AT: "on Mount Zion in Jerusalem." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls** - AT: "those whom Yahweh calls will be survivors" -* **survivors** - people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster +"This is what will happen: everyone" + +# everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved + +The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem + +These refer to the same place. AT: "on Mount Zion in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls + +The missing phrase "there will be" can be added to the sentence. AT: "among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# survivors + +people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/intro.md b/jol/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c78093cfac --- /dev/null +++ b/jol/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Joel 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Locusts ##### + +This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +This chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +##### Metaphor ##### +The drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/01.md b/jol/03/01.md index 59fb980734..f45876a90b 100644 --- a/jol/03/01.md +++ b/jol/03/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* God continues to speak of future events. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. -* **in those days, and at that time** - These two phrases point to a future time (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]). -* **when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem** - AT: "When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem" -* **my people, and my inheritance Israel** - These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]). -* **traded a boy for a prostitute and sold a girl for wine, so they could drink** - This is only an example of the kinds of things they did. This is not what they did to two particular children. AT: "and did things like traded a boy for a prostitute and sold a girl for wine, so they could drink". +"Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# in those days and at that time + +The phrase "at that time" means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase "in those days." AT: "in those very days" or "at that very time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem + +"When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem" + +# Valley of Jehoshaphat + +Jehoshaphat, whose name means "Yahweh judges," was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. + +# my people and my inheritance Israel + +These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. AT: "the people of Israel, who are my inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink + +These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. AT: "and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/04.md b/jol/03/04.md index 11ce963bb1..109f5bb357 100644 --- a/jol/03/04.md +++ b/jol/03/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:greek|Greek]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:philistia]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# why are you angry at me ... Philistia? -* God speaks to the people of the nations that surround Israel. -* **why are you angry at me** - God uses this question to scold the people of Tyre, Sidon and Philistia. AT: "You have no right to be angry at me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **Will you repay me?** - "Will you get revenge on me?" God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. AT: "You think you can get revenge on me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **I will immediately return your retribution on your own head** - AT: “I will cause you to suffer the punishment that you tried to put on me.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **retribution** - revenge" or "payback" or "punishment" +Yahweh is encouraging the people of Judah, who can hear him, by scolding the people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia, who cannot hear him, as if they can. The names of the towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. These words can be translated as a statement. AT: "you have no right to be angry at me ... Philistia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +# Will you repay me? + +"Will you get revenge on me?" God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. AT: "You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +# I will immediately return your retribution on your own head + +Here the word "head" refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. AT: "I will cause you to suffer the retribution that you tried to put on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# retribution + +"revenge" or "payback" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/07.md b/jol/03/07.md index 6241713364..c503a403c9 100644 --- a/jol/03/07.md +++ b/jol/03/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Look -* **leave the places into which you sold them** - The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **your reward** - AT: "what you deserve" -* **by the hand of the people of Judah** - AT: "by the power of the people of Judah" or "by the people of Judah" -* **Sabeans** - the people of Sabea, which is also called Sheba. These people lived south of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Pay attention" or "Listen" + +# out of the place where you sold them + +The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# return payment + +"give back what you deserve" + +# I will sell your sons and your daughters, by the hand of the people of Judah + +The hand can be a metonym for the power the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the person. AT: "I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Sabeans + +the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/09.md b/jol/03/09.md index 81a4ed5e1a..952a56137a 100644 --- a/jol/03/09.md +++ b/jol/03/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# rouse the mighty men -* **Prepare for war, rouse the mighty men** - Both of these phrases are saying to prepare soldiers for war. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Rouse the mighty men** - "Make the mighty men ready for action" -* **Beat your plowshares into swords ... your knives into spears** - They were being told to turn their tools into weapons. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **plowshares** - tools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops -* **pruning knives** - knives that are used to cut off small branches +"make the mighty men ready for action" + +# Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears + +These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# plowshares + +tools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops + +# pruning knives + +knives that are used to cut off small branches \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/11.md b/jol/03/11.md index df7695a980..85902e8516 100644 --- a/jol/03/11.md +++ b/jol/03/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Hurry and come ... together there -* **gather yourselves together** - “gather yourselves together for battle." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Make your mighty warriors go down there, Yahweh** - In the middle of this message to Israel's enemies, this sentence is addressed to Yahweh. Perhaps this was to make their enemies afraid of Yahweh's army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) +These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# gather yourselves together + +The purpose of the gathering is for battle. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "gather yourselves together for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors + +Possible meanings are 1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to "proclaim among the nations" ([Joel 3:9](./09.md)) or 2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/12.md b/jol/03/12.md index 1c826b9197..be7f7d095e 100644 --- a/jol/03/12.md +++ b/jol/03/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:jehoshaphat]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] +Yahweh finishes the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Let the nations wake themselves ... all the surrounding nations -* Yahweh continues speaking to the nations. -* **Put in the sickle ... the wine press is full** - Possible meanings are that 1) the attack on the sinful nations is like harvesting grain and crushing grapes, or 2) the urgency of judging the sinful nations is like the urgency of collecting ripe crops and crushing grapes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Put in the sickle** - "Swing the sickle to cut the grain" -* **sickle** - a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain -* **the harvest is ripe** - AT: "the grain is ready to be harvested" -* **the vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous** - Vats are large containers used to store grape juice. The vats are not large enough to hold the amount of juice that represents their sin. +The words "the nations" and "the surrounding nations" refer to the same nations, those that surround Judah. Yahweh will judge them in the Valley of Jehoshaphat for what they have done to Jerusalem. + +# Valley of Jehoshaphat + +Jehoshaphat, whose name means "Yahweh judges," was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. See how you translated this in [Joel 3:2](./01.md). + +# Put in the sickle ... the winepress is full + +Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe + +Yahweh speaks of making war against the nations as if he were using a sharp tool to harvest a field of ripe crops. If your readers will not understand the word "sickle," you may use the word for any sharp tool that your people use for harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Put in the sickle + +"Swing the sickle to cut the grain." This is a metaphor for a soldier using a sword to kill people, but it is best to use the word for a sharp tool used in harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sickle + +a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain + +# the harvest is ripe + +"the grain is ready to be harvested" + +# Come, crush the grapes, for the winepress is full + +Yahweh speaks of the nations as if they were many grapes in a winepress, ready for people to crush them by stepping on them. AT: "Come, completely destroy the nations, for they are many, and they are helpless to resist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous + +Yahweh speaks of the nations' wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/14.md b/jol/03/14.md index 1139b8d518..ed3784d67b 100644 --- a/jol/03/14.md +++ b/jol/03/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a tumult, a tumult -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people. -## translationNotes +# Valley of Judgment ... Valley of Judgment -* **a tumult, a tumult** - A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people. -* **Valley of Judgment ... Valley of Judgment** - This phrase is repeated to show that the judgement will certainly happen. +This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen. + +# Valley of Judgment + +There is no known place with this name. The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated using the verb "judge." AT: "Valley Where Yahweh Judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/16.md b/jol/03/16.md index d0b5405774..86172d85fd 100644 --- a/jol/03/16.md +++ b/jol/03/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem -* **Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem** - Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for yell this can be used as one phrase. AT: "Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The heavens and earth will shake** - The word "shake" refers to shaking in fear. The heavens and the earth are used to refer to everything in existence. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel** - Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. AT: "Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. AT: "Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Yahweh will roar + +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh will roar like a lion" or 2) "Yahweh will roar like thunder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The heavens and earth will shake + +Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh's roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. AT: "Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will shake + +This word is the past form of the word translated "tremble" in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md). + +# Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel + +Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. AT: "Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# So you will know + +"When I do these things, you will know" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/18.md b/jol/03/18.md index ee41578f04..ec2b361257 100644 --- a/jol/03/18.md +++ b/jol/03/18.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God continues to speak about the day of the Lord. -## translationNotes +# It will come about on that day that the mountains -* God continues to speak about the day of the Lord. -* **the mountains will drip with sweet wine** - "sweet wine will drip from the mountains." This is an exaggeration to show that the land is very fertile. AT: "On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the hills will flow with milk** - "milk will flow from the hills." AT: "on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk" -* **all the brooks of Judah will flow with water** - "water will flow through all the brooks of Judah" -* **and water the Valley of Acacia** - AT: "and will send water to the Valley of Acacia" -* **Egypt will become an abandoned devastation** - AT: "Egypt will be destroyed and people will leave it" or "Enemy nations will destroy Egypt and the people of Egypt will leave their country" -* **Edom will become an abandoned wilderness** - "Edom will become a wilderness and people will leave it" -* **because of the violence done to the people of Judah** - "because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah" -* **because they shed innocent blood in their land** - "Innocent blood" refers to innocent people who were killed. AT: "because Egypt and Edom killed innocent people in their land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"This is what will happen on that day: the mountains" Translate "It will come about" as in [Joel 2:28](../02/28.md). + +# the mountains will drip with sweet wine + +"sweet wine will drip from the mountains." This is an exaggeration to show that the land is very fertile. AT: "On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the hills will flow with milk + +"milk will flow from the hills." The land being very fertile is spoken of as if the hills would flow with milk. AT: "on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the brooks of Judah will flow with water + +"water will flow through all the brooks of Judah" + +# water the Valley of Shittim + +"will send water to the Valley of Shittim" + +# Shittim + +the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Egypt will become an abandoned devastation + +"Everyone will leave Egypt and no one will live there" + +# Edom will become an abandoned wilderness + +"Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there" + +# because of the violence done to the people of Judah + +"because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah" + +# because they shed innocent blood in their land + +The word "they" refers to "Edom" and "Egypt" and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words "innocent blood" are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. AT: "because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/20.md b/jol/03/20.md index 5f8aa0f978..8d7b4aded5 100644 --- a/jol/03/20.md +++ b/jol/03/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:Zion]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] +Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord. -## translationNotes +# Judah will be inhabited forever -* Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord. -* **Judah will live forever** - AT: "There will always be people leaving in Judah" -* **Jerusalem will live from generation to generation** - AT: "Generation after generation, there will be people living in Jerusalem" -* **I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged** - AT: "I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will live in Judah forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jerusalem will be inhabited from generation to generation + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged + +Blood is a metonym for death. AT: "I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/intro.md b/jol/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..42df0521b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jol/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Joel 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/front/intro.md b/jol/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3204ebf8e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/jol/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# Introduction to Joel # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Joel #### + +1. Judgment and the day of Yahweh (1:1–2:11) + - An army like locusts, like the coming Judgment (1:1–20) + - The day of Yahweh (2:1–11) +1. Restoration and the mercy of Yahweh + - The people should turn to Yahweh, for he will pity them (2:12–27) + - The Spirit of Yahweh, wonders, and salvation (2:28–32) +1. Yahweh will judge the nations + - Yahweh judges the nations (3:1–16) + - Yahweh dwells in Zion (3:17–21) + +#### What is the Book of Joel about? #### + +The major theme of Joel is the "day of Yahweh". This expression is found five times in Joel (1:15; 2:1; 11, 21; and 3:14); this phrase is also found in thirteen places in Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Amos, Obadiah, Zephaniah, and Malachi. This "day" is the time when Yahweh will judge and punish his people, and also the other nations. The time will come when Yahweh will put an end to the rebellion and sin of his people and of all the nations. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"The Book of Joel" may also be called the "The Book about Joel" or "The Sayings of Joel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Joel? #### + +The prophecies in this book are messages given by Yahweh to Joel, son of Pethuel, who is otherwise unknown to us. It was traditionally thought that Joel lived in the time of the northern and southern kingdoms, perhaps during the reign of King Joash of Judah in the second part of the seventh century BC. However, most scholars today think that Joel probably lived in post-exilic times, after the Jews had returned to Judah from Babylonia. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the meaning of the locust attacks in Joel 1 and 2, and of the drought in Joel 2? #### + +It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience massive locust attacks. Millions of these insects would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in the first two chapters. But because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, it is easy to think that his descriptions might instead be a picture of the enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land and its people. + +In the same manner, the drought (severe lack of rain) that Joel describes might be a real drought, or it might be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. + +Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. + +#### What kind of picture of the future does Joel present? #### + +Joel presents a picture of the future that God will bring about. In this picture, God will defeat Israel's enemies, rebuild the city of Jerusalem, and rule as victorious king over the whole world. At the same time, God will give his Spirit to all his servants, who will receive messages from him in dreams and visions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How should one translate the poetry of the Book of Joel? #### + +All of the text in the Book of Joel is poetry, as is represented in the ULB. The UDB, however, presents the text as prose, because many translators will choose to use prose in their versions. Translators who wish to translate the book as poetry should read about poetry and parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/01.md b/jon/01/01.md index 7c54bdf363..e30f176db8 100644 --- a/jon/01/01.md +++ b/jon/01/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,67 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jonah]] -* [[en:tw:joppa]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom that means Yahweh spoke. "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh -* **Yahweh** - This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the note on the Important Term page concerning how to translate this. -* **Amittai** - This is the name of Jonah's father. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Get up and go to Nineveh, that great city** - "Go to the important city of Nineveh"​ -* **speak out against it** - "warn the people" (UDB) -* **their wickedness has risen up before me** - "I know they have been continually sinning" -* **got up to run away from the presence of Yahweh** - "ran away from Yahweh" -* **and go to Tarshish** - "and to go to Tarshish" or "and went to Tarshish." The fact that Tarshish was in not in the same direction as Nineveh can be made explicit: "and went in the wrong direction toward Tarshish" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **He went down to Joppa** - "Jonah went to Joppa" -* **ship** - This is like a truck that floats on water. -* **So he paid the fare** - "There Jonah paid for the trip" -* **and boarded the ship** - "and got on the ship" -* **with them** - The word "them" refers to the others who were going on the ship. +"the message of Yahweh" + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Amittai + +This is the name of Jonah's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Get up and go to Nineveh, that great city + +"Go to the important city of Nineveh" + +# Get up and go + +This is a common expression for traveling to distant places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# speak out against it + +God is referring to the people of the city. AT: "warn the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their wickedness has risen up before me + +"I know they have been continually sinning" + +# got up to run away from the presence of Yahweh + +"ran away from Yahweh." "got up" is referring to Jonah leaving where he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the presence of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is represented by his presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# go to Tarshish + +"and went to Tarshish." Tarshish was in the opposite direction to Nineveh. This can be made explicit. AT: "went in the opposite direction, toward Tarshish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He went down to Joppa + +"Jonah went to Joppa" + +# ship + +A "ship" is a very large type of boat that can travel on the sea and carry many passengers or heavy cargo. + +# So he paid the fare + +"There Jonah paid for the trip" + +# boarded the ship + +"got on the ship" + +# with them + +The word "them" refers to the others who were going on the ship. + +# away from the presence of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is represented by his presence. AT: "away from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/04.md b/jon/01/04.md index d3c5a743eb..fa7c7f9963 100644 --- a/jon/01/04.md +++ b/jon/01/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Soon it appeared -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jonah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It can be made explicit who thought the ship would be broken up. AT: "The men thought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# to be broken up -* **Soon it appeared** - This can also be translated as "The men thought" -* **to be broken up** - "to break apart" -* **Then the sailors** - "Then the men who worked on the ship" -* **his own god** - The word “god” is used to refer to false gods and idols that people worship. -* **They threw the ship's cargo** - "The men threw the heavy things off the ship" -* **to lighten it** - This can also be translated as "to help the ship float better." -* **But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship** - Jonah did this before the storm started. -* **down into the innermost parts of the ship** - This can be translated as "inside the ship." -* **was lying there deeply asleep** - "was lying there fast asleep" or "was lying there and sleeping deeply." For this reason the storm did not wake him up. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to break apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sailors + +the men who worked on the ship + +# his own god + +Here "god" refers to false gods and idols that people worship. + +# They threw the ship's cargo + +"The men threw the heavy things off the ship." This was done to keep the ship from sinking. + +# to lighten it + +Making the ship lighter would make if float better. AT: "to help the ship float better" + +# But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship + +Jonah did this before the storm started. + +# down into the innermost parts of the ship + +"inside the ship" + +# was lying there deeply asleep + +"was lying there fast asleep" or "was lying there and sleeping deeply." For this reason, the storm did not wake him up. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/06.md b/jon/01/06.md index c8bb23f69f..53235a5e83 100644 --- a/jon/01/06.md +++ b/jon/01/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# So the captain came to him and said to him -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] +"The man in charge of the ship went to Jonah and said" -## translationNotes +# What are you doing sleeping? -* **So the captain came to him and said to him** - "The man in charge of the ship went to Jonah and said" -* **What are you doing, sleeping?** - "Why are you sleeping?" He used this rhetorical question to scold Jonah. It can also be translated as a command: "Stop sleeping!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Call upon your god!** - "Pray to your god!" The reason "god" is not capitalized is because the captain did know that Jonah's god was the one true God. -* **Maybe your god will notice us and we will not perish** - The implicit information that Jonah's god might save them could be made explicit. "Maybe your god will hear and save us so that we will not die." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **They all said to each other** - "The men on the ship said to each other" or "The sailor all said to each other" -* **Come, let us throw lots, so that we may know who is the cause of this evil that is happening to us** - "We should throw lots to know who has caused this trouble." The men believed that the gods would control how the lots fell in order to tell them what they wanted to know. -* **This evil** - This refers to the terrible storm. -* **the lot fell to Jonah** - "the lot showed that Jonah was the guilty person" +"Why are you sleeping?" He used this rhetorical question to scold Jonah. AT: "Stop sleeping!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Get up! + +This refers to doing some activity. For Jonah, the Captain is telling him to wake up and pray to his god for safe passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Call upon your god! + +"Pray to your god!" "Call" refers to getting the attention of someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Maybe your god will notice us and we will not perish + +The implicit information that Jonah's god might save them could be made explicit. AT: "Maybe your god will hear and save us so that we will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They all said to each other + +"The sailors all said to each other" + +# Come, let us cast lots, so that we may know who is the cause of this evil that is happening to us + +"We should cast lots to know who has caused this trouble." The men believed that the gods would control how the lots fell in order to tell them what they wanted to know. This was a form of divination. + +# this evil + +This refers to the terrible storm. + +# the lot fell to Jonah + +"the lot showed that Jonah was the guilty person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/08.md b/jon/01/08.md index 5cc1420dde..01d997a7b6 100644 --- a/jon/01/08.md +++ b/jon/01/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then they said to Jonah -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Then the men who were working on the ship said to Jonah" -## translationNotes +# Please tell us who is the cause of this evil that is happening to us. -* **Then they said to Jonah** - "Then the men who were working on the ship said to Jonah" -* **Please tell us who is the cause of this evil that is happening to us.** - "Who caused this bad thing that is happening to us?" -* **What is this that you have done?** - The men on the ship used this rhetorical question to show how upset they were with Jonah. This could also be translated as "Why have you done this?" or "You have done a terrible thing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **he was running away from the presence of Yahweh** - "Jonah was running away from Yahweh" -* **because he had told them** - AT: "because he had told them 'I am trying to get away from Yahweh.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Who caused this bad thing that is happening to us?" + +# fear Yahweh + +The word "fear" refers Jonah having a deep respecting God. + +# What is this that you have done? + +The men on the ship used this rhetorical question to show how upset they were with Jonah. AT: "You have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he was running away from the presence of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is represented by his presence. Jonah was seeking to escape Yahweh as if Yahweh was present only in the land of Israel. AT: "Jonah was running away from Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because he had told them + +What he told them can be stated clearly. AT: "because he had told them 'I am trying to get away from Yahweh'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/11.md b/jon/01/11.md index 67704e211c..f40774595f 100644 --- a/jon/01/11.md +++ b/jon/01/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# they said to Jonah -* [[en:tw:jonah]] +"the men on the ship said to Jonah" or "the sailors said to Jonah" -## translationNotes +# do to you so that the sea will calm down -* **they said to Jonah** - "the men on the ship said to Jonah" or "the sailors said to Jonah" -* **do to you so that the sea will calm down** - "do with you in order to make the sea become calm" (UDB) -* **the sea became more and more violent** - This was the reason that the men asked Jonah what they should do. The reason can also be at the beginning of the verse 11 it is in the UDB. -* **for I know that it is because of me that this great storm is happening to you** - "because I know this large storm is my fault" -* **Nevertheless, the men rowed hard to get them back to the land** - The reason they did this can be stated explicitly: "But the men did not want to throw Jonah into the sea, so they rowed hard to get back to land." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **sea grew more and more violent** - "the storm became worse and the waves became bigger" +"do with you in order to make the sea become calm" + +# the sea became more and more violent + +This was the reason that the men asked Jonah what they should do. The reason can also be found at the beginning of verse 11 in the UDB. + +# for I know that it is because of me that this great storm is happening to you + +"because I know this huge storm is my fault" + +# Nevertheless, the men rowed hard to get them back to the land + +The men did not want to throw Jonah into the sea, so they rowed hard as if they were digging into the water to get back to land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the sea was becoming more and more violent + +"the storm became worse, and the waves became bigger" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/14.md b/jon/01/14.md index 61c7e371e3..c04887d8d0 100644 --- a/jon/01/14.md +++ b/jon/01/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It was the result of the storm getting worse that triggered the next response. AT: "Because the sea became more violent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they cried out to Yahweh -* **Therefore** - This can also be translated as "Because the sea became more violent." -* **they cried out to Yahweh** - "the men prayed to Yahweh" -* **do not let us perish on account of this man’s life** - "Please do not kill us because we cause this man to die" or "We are going to cause this man to die. But please do not kill us." -* **and do not lay upon us the guilt of his death** - "and please do not blame us for his death" or "and do not consider us guilty when this man dies" -* **the sea stopped raging** - "the sea stopped moving violently" or "the sea became calm" (UDB) -* **feared Yahweh very much** - "became greatly awed at Yahweh's power" (UDB) +"the men prayed to Yahweh" + +# do not let us perish on account of this man's life + +"Please do not kill us because we caused this man to die" or "We are going to cause this man to die. But please do not kill us" + +# do not lay upon us the guilt of his death + +"please do not blame us for his death" or "do not consider us guilty when this man dies." The author speaks of "guilt" as if it were an object that can be placed on top of a person. It refers to making that person accountable for their actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sea stopped raging + +"the sea stopped moving violently" or "the sea became calm" + +# feared Yahweh very much + +"became greatly awed at Yahweh's power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/17.md b/jon/01/17.md index 63e0ae3fa2..38a8145099 100644 --- a/jon/01/17.md +++ b/jon/01/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Some versions number this verse as the first verse of chapter 2. You may want to number the verses according to the main version that your language group uses. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Some versions number this verse as the first verse of chapter 2. You may want to number the verses according to the main version that your language group uses. -* **Now** - This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story. -* **three days and three nights** - "three days and nights" +This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story. + +# three days and three nights + +"three days and nights" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/intro.md b/jon/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..577c31f00d --- /dev/null +++ b/jon/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Jonah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The narrative of this chapter starts abruptly. This could cause difficulty for the translator. The translator should not attempt to smooth this introduction unless absolutely necessary. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Miracle ##### + +In verse [Jonah 17](./17.md), there is the mention of "a great fish." It may be difficult to imagine a sea creature big enough to swallow a man whole and who then survives for three days and nights inside. Translators should not try to explain miraculous events in an attempt to make it easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Situational irony ##### + +There is an ironic situation in this chapter. Jonah is a prophet of God and should endeavor to do God's will. Instead, he is running away from God. Although the Gentile sailors are not Israelites, they act out of faith and fear of Yahweh when sending Jonah to a "certain death" by throwing him overboard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Sea ##### + +People in the ancient Near East also saw the sea as chaotic and did not trust it. Some of the gods they worshiped were gods of the sea. Jonah's people, the Hebrews, feared the sea greatly. However, Jonah's fear of Yahweh was not enough to keep him from going into a ship and sailing to get away from Yahweh. His actions are contrasted by the actions of the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit knowledge ##### + +Even though scholars are not sure of the exact location of Tarshish, it was in the exact opposite direction of where God told Jonah to go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jonah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Jonah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/01.md b/jon/02/01.md index 7282a0f08a..b416082844 100644 --- a/jon/02/01.md +++ b/jon/02/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh his God -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means "Yahweh, the God he worshiped." The word "his" does not mean that Jonah owned God. -## translationNotes +# He said -* **Yahweh his God** - This means "Yahweh, the God he worshipped." The word "his" does not mean that Jonah owned God. -* **He said** - "Jonah said" -* **I called out to Yahweh about my distress** - "I prayed to Yahweh about my great trouble." Even though Jonah was praying to Yahweh, he used Yahweh's name here. This could also be translated with the pronoun "you" as in "Yahweh, I called out to you about my distress." -* **he answered me ** - "Yahweh responded to me" or "he helped me" -* **from the belly of Sheol** - "from the center of Sheol" or "from the deep part of Sheol." Jonah believed that he was about to die and go to Sheol. He spoke as if he already had died and gone there. +"Jonah said" + +# I called out to Yahweh about my distress + +"I prayed to Yahweh about my great trouble." Even though Jonah was praying to Yahweh, he used Yahweh's name here and not "you." AT: "Yahweh, I called out to you about my distress" + +# he answered me + +"Yahweh responded to me" or "he helped me" + +# from the belly of Sheol + +"from the center of Sheol" or "from the deep part of Sheol." Possible meanings are 1) Jonah was speaking as being in the belly of the whale was being in Sheol or 2) Jonah believed that he was about to die and go to Sheol or 3) He spoke as if he already had died and gone there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/03.md b/jon/02/03.md index abddbe228f..e6a4da6f08 100644 --- a/jon/02/03.md +++ b/jon/02/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:2](./01.md). In verse 4 Jonah spoke of something he had prayed before this prayer. -## translationNotes +# into the depths, into the heart of the seas -* This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [[:en:bible:notes:jon:02:01]]. In verse 4 Jonah spoke of something he had prayed before this prayer. -* **into the heart of the seas** - "to the bottom of the sea" -* **the currents surrounded me** - "the sea water closed in around me" -* **I am driven out** - This can be translated with an active clause: "You have driven me away" or "You have sent me away." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from before your eyes** - "from you." When Jonah said "your eyes" he was speaking about all of Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **How can I ever again gaze at your holy temple?"** - Jonah used this rhetorical question to show how sad he was that he would never see Yahweh's temple again. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This speaks of the vastness of the ocean Jonah was in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# into the heart of the seas + +"to the bottom of the sea" + +# the currents surrounded me + +"the sea water closed in around me" + +# waves and billows + +These are disturbances on the surface of the ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I am driven out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have driven me away" or "You have sent me away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from before your eyes + +Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# yet I will again look toward your holy temple + +Jonah has hope that, in spite of all he is going through, he will see the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/05.md b/jon/02/05.md index f7990b87e6..3368e46599 100644 --- a/jon/02/05.md +++ b/jon/02/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# The waters -* This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [[:en:bible:notes:jon:02:01]]. -* **The waters** - "The waters" refers to the sea. -* **to take my life** - "and were about to kill me." -* **the deep was all around me** - "the deep water was all around me" -* **seaweed** - "grass that grows in the sea" -* **The earth with its bars closed upon me for ever** - Jonah used a metaphor to compare the earth to a prison. It can also be translated as a simile. “The earth was like a prison that was about to lock me in forever.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yet you brought up my life from the pit** - "But you saved my life from the place of the dead" or "But you saved me from the place where the dead people are" -* **O Yahweh, my God!** - In some languages it may be more natural to put this at the beginning of the sentence or next to the word "you". +"The waters" refers to the sea. + +# my neck + +Some versions understand the Hebrew word in this expression to mean "my life." In that interpretation, the waters were about to take away Jonah's life. + +# the deep was all around me + +"the deep water was all around me" + +# seaweed + +"grass that grows in the sea" + +# the earth with its bars closed upon me forever + +Jonah used a metaphor to compare the earth to a prison. AT: "the earth was like a prison that was about to lock me in forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yet you brought up my life from the pit + +Jonah speaks of the place of the dead as if it were a pit. AT: "But you saved my life from the place of the dead" or "But you saved me from the place where the dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh, my God! + +In some languages, it may be more natural to put this at the beginning of the sentence or next to the word "you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/07.md b/jon/02/07.md index e57400877a..b81d6d0889 100644 --- a/jon/02/07.md +++ b/jon/02/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# I called Yahweh to mind -* This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [[:en:bible:notes:jon:02:01]]. -* **I remembered Yahweh** - Since Jonah was praying to Yahweh, it might be more clear in some languages to say "I thought about you, Yahweh" or "Yahweh, I thought about you." (UDB) -* **then my prayer came to you, to your holy temple** - "then you in your holy temple heard my prayer" -* **Those who pay attention to useless gods** - "People who pay attention to useless gods" -* **reject your faithfulness toward themselves** - "are rejecting you, who would be faithful to them" +Since Jonah was praying to Yahweh, it might be more clear in some languages to say "I thought about you, Yahweh" or "Yahweh, I thought about you." + +# then my prayer came to you, to your holy temple + +Jonah speaks as if his prayers could travel to God and his temple. AT: "then you in your holy temple heard my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Those who pay attention to useless gods + +"People who pay attention to useless gods" + +# reject your faithfulness toward themselves + +"are rejecting you, who would be faithful to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/09.md b/jon/02/09.md index e20e0d562c..eb1f33533d 100644 --- a/jon/02/09.md +++ b/jon/02/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# But as for me, I -* This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [[:en:bible:notes:jon:02:01]]. -* **But as for me, I** - This expression in English shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods but he would worship Yahweh. It can also be translated as "But I." -* **I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving** - This means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully. -* **Salvation comes from Yahweh** - "Salvation" is a noun. Its meaning can also be expressed with a verb: Yahweh is the one who saves people." -* **upon the dry land** - "upon the ground" or "onto the shore" +This expression in English shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. AT: "But I" + +# I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving + +This means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully. + +# Salvation comes from Yahweh + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "salvation" is expressed as the verb "save." "Yahweh is the one who saves people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# upon the dry land + +"upon the ground" or "onto the shore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/intro.md b/jon/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9b8b8afc60 --- /dev/null +++ b/jon/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Jonah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins with a prayer by Jonah and many translators have chosen to set it apart by indenting its lines. Translators can follow this practice, but they are not obligated to indent the lines. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sea ##### +This chapter contains many terms from the sea. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Poetry ##### +Prayers in Scripture often contain a poetic form. Poetry frequently uses metaphors to communicate something with a special meaning. For example, since Jonah was in a fish in the sea, being trapped is compared to a prison. Jonah is overwhelmed by the depth of the sea and expresses this by speaking about the at the "base of the mountains" and in the "belly of Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +Scholars are divided over whether Jonah's repentance was genuine or whether he was trying to save his life. In light of his attitude in chapter 4, it is uncertain if he was genuinely repentant. If possible, it is best for translators to avoid making a definitive stance on whether Jonah's repentance was genuine. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jonah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/01.md b/jon/03/01.md index 398c9fe956..6ee87210e0 100644 --- a/jon/03/01.md +++ b/jon/03/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is an idiom that means Yahweh spoke. See how you translated this in [Jonah 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh -* **The word of Yahweh came to Jonah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jon:01:01]]. -* **Get up, go to Nineveh, that great city** - “Go to the important city of Nineveh”​ -* **proclaim to it the message that I command you to give** - "tell the people what I tell you to tell them" -* **So Jonah got up and went to Nineveh in obedience to the word of Yahweh** - "This time Jonah obeyed Yahweh and went to Nineveh" -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Nineveh. -* **one of three days’ journey** - "a city of three days' journey". AT: "A person had to walk for three days to completely go through it." (UDB) +Here "word" represents Yahweh's message. AT: "the message of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Get up, go to Nineveh, that great city + +"Go to the important city of Nineveh" + +# Get up + +This refers to leaving the place one is at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# proclaim to it the message that I command you to give + +"tell the people what I tell you to tell them" + +# So Jonah got up and went to Nineveh in obedience to the word of Yahweh + +"This time Jonah obeyed Yahweh and went to Nineveh" + +# So Jonah got up + +"So Jonah left the beach." "got up" refers to leaving the place Jonah was at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Nineveh. + +# one of three days' journey + +"a city of three days' journey." A person had to walk for three days to completely go through it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/04.md b/jon/03/04.md index b6325a2530..3284eb8e1e 100644 --- a/jon/03/04.md +++ b/jon/03/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# after a day's journey he called out -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] +Possible meanings are 1) "after Jonah walked a day's journey he called out" or 2) "while Jonah walked on the first day, he called out." -## translationNotes +# after a day's journey -* **after a day's journey** - "after a day's walk." A day's journey is the distance that people would normally travel in one day. This can be translated "after Jonah walked for one day." -* **after a day’s journey he called out** - Possible meanings are 1) "after Jonah walked a day's journey he called out" or 2) "while Jonah walked on the first day, he called out." -* **he called out and said** - "he proclaimed" or "he shouted" -* **forty days** - "40 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **from the greatest of them down to the least of them** - "So everyone, including all the important people and all the unimportant people" (UDB) -* **They all put on sackcloth** - The reason that they put on sackcloth can be made explicit: "They also put on coarse cloth, to show that they were sorry for having sinned." (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"after a day's walk." A day's journey is the distance that people would normally travel in one day. AT: "after Jonah walked for one day" + +# he called out and said + +"he proclaimed" or "he shouted" + +# forty days + +"40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# They all put on sackcloth + +Why people put on sackcloth can be stated more clearly. AT: "They also put on coarse cloth to show that they were sorry for having sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the greatest of them down to the least of them + +"from the most significant to the least significant people" or "including all the important people and all the unimportant people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/06.md b/jon/03/06.md index 3130b88e4a..ef9521a7e8 100644 --- a/jon/03/06.md +++ b/jon/03/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the news -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"Jonah's message" -## translationNotes +# He rose up from his throne -* **the news** - "Jonah's message" -* **He rose up from his throne** - "He got up from his throne" or "He stood up from his throne." The king left his throne to show that was acting humbly. -* **throne** - A throne is a chair that the king sits on to show that he is the king. -* **He sent out a proclamation that said** - "He sent out an official announcement that said" or "he sent his messengers to announce to the people in Nineveh" -* **nobles** - "advisors" (UDB). These were important men who helped the king rule the city. -* **herd nor flock** - This refers to two kinds of animals that people care for. It can be translated as "cattle or sheep." -* **Let them not eat, nor drink water** - "They must not eat or drink anything." The reason they were not to eat or drink anything can be made explicit by adding to it "in order to show that they are sorry for their sins." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"He got up from his throne" or "He stood up from his throne." The king left his throne to show that he was acting humbly. + +# throne + +A throne is a chair that the king sits on. It shows that he is the king. + +# He sent out a proclamation that said + +"He sent out an official announcement that said" or "He sent his messengers to announce to the people in Nineveh" + +# nobles + +"advisors." These were important men who helped the king rule the city. + +# herd nor flock + +This refers to two kinds of animals that people care for. AT: "cattle or sheep" + +# Let them not eat, nor drink water + +"They must not eat nor drink anything." The reason they were not to eat or drink anything can be made explicit by adding "in order to show that they are sorry for their sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/08.md b/jon/03/08.md index d519065359..e73884d88f 100644 --- a/jon/03/08.md +++ b/jon/03/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] +This is a continuation of what the king told the people of Nineveh. -## translationNotes +# But let both -* This is a continuation of what the king told the people of Nineveh. -* **But let both** - "Let both" -* **animal** - The word "animal" refers to animals that people own. -* **let both man and animal be covered with sackcloth** - This can be translated with an active clause: "let people and animals wear sackcloth" or "let people cover themselves and their animals with sackcloth" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **cry out loudly to God** - "pray earnestly to God." What they were to pray for can be made explicit: "cry out loudly to God and ask for mercy." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the violence that is in his hands** - This means "the violent things that he does" -* **Who knows?** - The king used this rhetorical question to get the people to think about something that they might not have thought possible—that if they would stop sinning, God might not kill them. It could be translated as a statement: "We do not know." Or it could be stated as a word and be part of the next sentence: "Perhaps." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **God may relent and change his mind** - This can be translated as "God may decide to do something different" or "God may not do what he said he will do." +"Let both" + +# let both man and animal be covered with sackcloth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let people and animals wear sackcloth" or "let people cover themselves and their animals with sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# animal + +The word "animal" refers to animals that people own. + +# cry out loudly to God + +"pray earnestly to God." What they were to pray for can be made explicit. AT: "cry out loudly to God and ask for mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the violence that is in his hands + +This means "the violent things that he does" + +# Who knows? + +The king used this rhetorical question to get the people to think about something that they might not have thought possible, that if they would stop sinning, God might not kill them. It could be translated as a statement: "We do not know." Or it could be stated as a word and be part of the next sentence: "Perhaps." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# God may relent and change his mind + +"God may decide to do something different" or "God may not do what he said he will do" + +# we do not perish + +"we do not die." Here perish equates to drowning at sea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/10.md b/jon/03/10.md index 7899568f27..65458b01a1 100644 --- a/jon/03/10.md +++ b/jon/03/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# God saw what they did -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +"God understood that they stopped doing evil actions" -## translationNotes +# they turned from their evil ways -* **God saw what they did** - "God understood that they that they stopped doing evil actions" -* **God changed his mind about the punishment which he had said he would do to them** - "God changed his thinking about the punishment that he had said he would do to them" or "God decided not to punish them as he had said he would" -* **and he did not do it** - This can be translated more specifically: "and he did not punish them" or "and he did not destroy them." +The author speaks of the people stop sinning as if they turned their back to an object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them + +Here God deciding not to do the punishment he had planned is spoken of is if he changed his mind. AT: "God changed his thinking about the punishment that he had said he would do to them" or "God decided not to punish them as he had said he would" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he did not do it + +What God was to do can be made explicit. AT: "he did not punish them" or "he did not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/intro.md b/jon/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..66ebbf4ef1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jon/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Jonah 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter returns to a narrative of Jonah's life. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Animals ##### +According to the king's proclamation, the animals had to participate in the fast he ordered. This most likely reflects their pagan mindset. There was nothing in the law of Moses that instructed the people to have the animals participate in any religious acts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Size of Nineveh ##### +When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are confusing. The phrase "three days' journey" is ambiguous in Hebrew, as many scholars have remarked. In Jonah's day, cities were not as big as they are today. So although Nineveh was a big city, it was not as big as most modern cities. + +##### God repenting or relenting ##### +The last verse of this chapter says, "So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it." This concept of God changing His mind may be troubling for some translators and people may struggle to understand it. God's character is consistent. This whole book is written from a human viewpoint and so it is hard to understand the mind of God. + +Yahweh is just and merciful so even though God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, God's plan is always to punish evil. Later in history this nation did fall and was destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jonah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/01.md b/jon/04/01.md index 8707dc5d6e..0e44906b40 100644 --- a/jon/04/01.md +++ b/jon/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Ah, Yahweh -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jonah]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "Ah" expresses Jonah's feeling of frustration. -## translationNotes +# is this not just what I said when I was back in my own country? -* **Ah, Yahweh** - The word "Ah" expresses Jonah's feeling of frustration. Your language may have a different way of expressing this. -* **is this not just what I said when I was back in my own country?** - Jonah used this rhetorical question to show God how angry he was. In some languages translating this as a statement would sound more natural. Also what Jonah had said when he was back in his own country can be stated explicitly: "When I was still in my own country I knew that if I warned the people of Nineveh they would repent and you would not destroy them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I acted first and tried to flee to Tarshish** - Possible meanings are 1) "I tried to prevent this by fleeing to Tarshish" or 2) "I acted quickly and tried to flee to Tarshish" or "I did all I could to flee to Tarshish" -* **abundant in faithfulness** - "very faithful" or "You love people very much" (UDB) -* **you relent from sending disaster** - "you decide not to destroy people." This means "you say that you will send disaster on sinners, but then you decide not to." This can also be translated as "you decide not to punish people who sin" . -* **take my life from me** - Jonah's reason for wanting to die can be stated explicitly as it is in the UDB: "since you will not destroy Nineveh as you said you would, please allow me to die." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **for it is better for me to die than to live** - This can be translated as “I would prefer to die than live” or “because I want to die. I do not want to live.” +Jonah used this rhetorical question to show God how angry he was. Also, what Jonah said when he was back in his own country can be stated explicitly. AT: "When I was still in my own country I knew that if I warned the people of Nineveh, they would repent, and you would not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I acted first and tried to flee to Tarshish + +Possible meanings are 1) "I tried to prevent this by fleeing to Tarshish" or 2) "I acted quickly and tried to flee to Tarshish" or 3) "I did all I could to flee to Tarshish." + +# abundant in faithfulness + +"very faithful" or "you love people very much" + +# you relent from sending disaster + +This means "you say that you will send disaster on sinners, but then you decide not to." AT: "you decide not to punish people who sin" + +# take my life from me + +Jonah's reason for wanting to die can be stated explicitly. AT: "since you will not destroy Nineveh as you said you would, please allow me to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for it is better for me to die than to live + +"I would prefer to die than live" or "because I want to die. I do not want to live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/04.md b/jon/04/04.md index 9dcd891af3..05bdb8e355 100644 --- a/jon/04/04.md +++ b/jon/04/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Is it good that you are so angry? -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] +God used this rhetorical question to scold Jonah for being angry about something he should not have been angry about. AT: "Your anger is not good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# went out of the city -* **Is it good that you are so angry?** - God used this rhetorical question to scold Jonah for being angry about something he should not have been angry about. In some languages it is more natural to use a statement: "Your anger is not good." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **went out of the city** - "left the city of Nineveh" -* **what might become of the city** - "what would happen to the city" (UDB). Jonah wanted to see if God would destroy the city or not destroy it. +"left the city of Nineveh" + +# what might become of the city + +"what would happen to the city." Jonah wanted to see if God would destroy the city or not destroy it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/06.md b/jon/04/06.md index 65734b0f03..4ce080a76a 100644 --- a/jon/04/06.md +++ b/jon/04/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# over Jonah so that it might be a shade over his head -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"over Jonah's head for shade" -## translationNotes +# to relieve his distress -* **up over Jonah so that it might be a shade over his head** - "up over Jonah's head for shade" -* **to deliver him from his distress** - "to protect Jonah from the heat of the sun" -* **But God prepared a worm** - "God sent a worm" (UDB) -* **It attacked the plant** - "The worm chewed the plant" -* **the plant withered** - "the plant became dry." It can also be translated as "the plant died." +"to protect Jonah from the heat of the sun" + +# But God prepared a worm + +"God sent a worm" + +# It attacked the plant + +"The worm chewed the plant" + +# the plant withered + +The plant became dry and died. AT: "the plant died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/08.md b/jon/04/08.md index 6ea4054475..fb5b2c4c44 100644 --- a/jon/04/08.md +++ b/jon/04/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# God prepared a hot east wind -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jonah]] +God caused a hot wind from the east to blow on Jonah. If wind can only mean a cool or cold wind then you can try this. AT: "God sent a very hot warmth from the east to Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the sun beat down -* **God prepared a hot east wind** - This can be translated as “God caused a hot wind from the east to blow on Jonah.” If your word for wind can only mean a cool or cold wind, then it might work to translate it like this: “God sent a very hot warmth from the east to Jonah.” -* **the sun beat down - "** - "**the sun was very hot" -* **on Jonah's head** - Jonah may have felt the heat most on his head. It can also be translated as "on Jonah" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **he became faint** - This could be translated as “he became very weak” or “he lost his strength.” -* **It is better for me to die than to live.** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jon:04:01]]. -* **Is it good that you are so angry about the plant?** - God used a rhetorical question to scold Jonah for being angry that the plant died but wanting God to kill the people of Nineveh.. In some languages it is more natural to use a statement. "Your anger about the plant dying is not good." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) You should be more concerned about the people in Nineveh dying than about the plant dying. (See; [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **even to death- ** - ** "Now I am angry enough to die!" (UDB) +"the sun was very hot" + +# on Jonah's head + +Jonah may have felt the heat most on his head. AT: "on Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he became faint + +"he became very weak" or "he lost his strength" + +# It is better for me to die than to live + +"I would prefer to die than live" or "Because I want to die. I do not want to live." See how you translated this in [Jonah 4:3](./01.md). + +# Is it good that you are so angry about the plant? + +God challenges Jonah for being angry that the plant died and yet wanted God to kill the people of Nineveh. AT: "Your anger about the plant dying is not good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is it good that you are so angry about the plant? + +implicit information can be made explicit. AT: "You should be more concerned about the people in Nineveh dying than about the plant dying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is good that I am angry, even to death. + +"It is good that I am angry. Now I am angry enough to die!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/10.md b/jon/04/10.md index ec81008737..0f937088d8 100644 --- a/jon/04/10.md +++ b/jon/04/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh said -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It may be helpful to say that Yahweh was speaking to Jonah. AT: "Yahweh said to Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# should I not have compassion for Nineveh, that great city ... cattle? -* **Yahweh said** - "Yahweh said to Jonah" -* **perished** - "died" -* **should I not have compassion for Nineveh, that great city** - God used this question to emphasize his claim that he should have compassion on Nineveh. In some languages it is more natural to use a statement to express the emphasis: "I certainly should have compassion for Nineveh, that important city." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **in which there are more** - This can also be the beginning of a new sentence. "There are more" or "It has more." -* **120 thousand people** - 120,000 people (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand** - This may be a way of saying "cannot discern between right and wrong." -* **cannot discern between** - "cannot tell which is" (UDB) or "do not know which is" -* **and also many cattle?** - "and there are also many cattle." +God used this question to emphasize his claim that he should have compassion on Nineveh. AT: "I certainly should have compassion for Nineveh, that important city ... cattle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in which there are more + +This can also be the beginning of a new sentence. AT: "There are more" or "It has more" + +# one hundred and twenty thousand people + +120,000 people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who do not know the difference between their right hand and their left hand + +This may be a way of saying "they cannot tell the difference between right and wrong." + +# also many cattle + +The author is pointing out the depth of Nineveh's repentance to the extent that Yahweh takes note of the beasts' participation in the act of repentance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/intro.md b/jon/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c881f9a614 --- /dev/null +++ b/jon/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Jonah 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Jonah continues the narrative while bringing the book to what seems like an unusual end. This emphasizes that the book is not really about Jonah. It is about God's desire to be merciful on anyone, whether Jew or pagan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jonah's anger ##### +It is important to see the relationship between a prophet and Yahweh. Aprophet was to prophesy for Yahweh, and his words must come true. According to the law of Moses, if that did not happen, the penalty was death. When Jonah told the city of Nineveh that it was going to be destroyed in forty days, he was certain it was going to happen. When it did not happen, Jonah was angry with God because he hated the people of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +As in other places, Jonah asks rhetorical questions to show how angry he was at Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### Parallel to Mount Sinai ##### +In verse 2, Jonah attributes a series of characteristics to God. A Jewish reader of this book would recognize this as a formula Moses used in speaking about God when he was meeting God on Mount Sinai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### God's grace ##### +When Jonah went outside the city, he got very hot and God graciously provided some relief through the plant. God was trying to teach Jonah through an object lesson. It is important for the reader to see this clearly. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jonah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/front/intro.md b/jon/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f625099ab --- /dev/null +++ b/jon/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# Introduction to Jonah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Jonah #### + +1. Jonah tries to run away from Yahweh + - Jonah's first call from Yahweh to go to Nineveh and his disobedience (1:1–3) + - Jonah and the Gentile sailors (1:4–16) + - Yahweh provides a large fish to swallow Jonah (1:17) + - Jonah's prayer from inside the large fish and his rescue (2:1–10) + - Jonah's experience in Nineveh + - Jonah is called by God a second time to go to Nineveh, and he begins to proclaim God's message (3:1–4) + - All the people in Nineveh repent (3:5) + - The proclamation of the king of Nineveh (3:6–9) + - Yahweh decides not to destroy Nineveh (3:10) + - Jonah is very angry at Yahweh (4:1–3) + - Yahweh teaches Jonah about grace and mercy (4:4–11) + +#### What is the Book of Jonah about? #### + +The Book of Jonah is a narrative about the prophet. Its purpose is to show that Yahweh wants to include the Gentiles in his mercy and grace. It presents the Ninevites' willingness to repent of their sin and to call out to Yahweh for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +Jonah was given a mission to warn the people of Nineveh and call them to repentance. As a loyal Israelite, Jonah refused the mission and ran away. + +In the final part of the book, it becomes clear that Jonah had no wish for the Ninevites to repent, because they were Israel's enemies. As a result, God teaches him a lesson about his love for all human beings, not just the Israelites. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title "The Book of Jonah" in a way that is more clear to the readers. They may decide to call it, "The Book about Jonah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Jonah? #### + +The author of the Book of Jonah is unknown. The prophet Jonah lived in the northern kingdom of Israel in the 8th century BC, during the reign of King Jeroboam II. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the nation of Assyria? #### + +During the time of Jonah, Assyria was the most powerful kingdom in the ancient Near East. It was known for its cruelty to its enemies. Eventually, God punished Assyria for its sin. + +#### Did Assyria convert to Judaism? #### + +While it is possible that the Assyrians came to worship Yahweh alone, it is likely that they continued to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/01.md b/jos/01/01.md index c10fbd82eb..fe7476942c 100644 --- a/jos/01/01.md +++ b/jos/01/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## translationNotes +# Nun -* **Yahweh** - This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the note on the Important Term page concerning how to translate this. -* **Nun** - Joshua's father (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **cross over this Jordan** - "cross over" means "go to the opposite bank of the river." AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you and all this people** - "you" here refers to Joshua. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **sole of your foot** - Here the sole of a foot is used to refer the entire nation of Israel. AT: " Where ever your foot touches, that land will belong to Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I have given to you** - "you" in this phrase refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Joshua's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# cross over this Jordan + +To "cross over" means "go to the opposite bank of the river." AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you and all this people + +The word "you" here refers to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I have given you every place + +God giving the land to the Israelites in the future is spoken of as if he gave it to them in the past. This emphasizes that he will certainly give it to them. AT: "I will give to you every place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# I have given you + +The word "you" refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# every place where the sole of your foot will walk + +This refers to all the places Joshua and the Israelites will travel when they cross the Jordan River. AT: "everywhere you go in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/04.md b/jos/01/04.md index c8573b585e..fbed2f8c89 100644 --- a/jos/01/04.md +++ b/jos/01/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua. -## translationNotes +# your land -* Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua. -* **your land** - The word "your" refers to the tribes of Israel, and not Joshua only. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **to stand before you** - In verse 5 the words "you" and "your" refer to Joshua. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **I will not abandon you or leave you** - The words "abandon" and "leave" mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. AT: "I will certainly stay with you always" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +The word "your" refers to the tribes of Israel and not only Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to stand before you + +In verse 5 the words "you" and "your" refer to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I will not abandon you or leave you + +The words "abandon" and "leave" mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. AT: "I will certainly stay with you always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/06.md b/jos/01/06.md index 3cc81c1b19..26cf0a7e54 100644 --- a/jos/01/06.md +++ b/jos/01/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh gives Joshua a series of commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## translationNotes +# Be strong and courageous -* Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua. -* **Do not turn from it to the right or to the left** - AT: "Follow it exactly" or "Follow them exactly" -* **be successful** - AT: "achieve your goal" or "reach your goal" +Yahweh commands Joshua to overcome his fears with courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# Do not turn from it to the right or to the left + +This can be stated as a positive command. AT: "Follow it exactly" or "Follow them exactly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# be successful + +"achieve your goal" or "reach your goal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/08.md b/jos/01/08.md index e8d27fe212..d250702ccf 100644 --- a/jos/01/08.md +++ b/jos/01/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:meditate|meditate]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua. -## translationNotes +# You will always speak -* Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua. -* **You will always speak** - This means that Joshua should speak of the book of the law often. The word "always" adds emphasis or intensity. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **prosperous and successful** - These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The word "always" is an exaggeration for speaking often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# prosperous and successful + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Have I not commanded you? + +This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. AT: "I have commanded you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Be strong and courageous! + +Yahweh is commanding Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/10.md b/jos/01/10.md index 6a68251915..5606d63f91 100644 --- a/jos/01/10.md +++ b/jos/01/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Go through the camp and command the people, 'Prepare ... possess.' -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. AT: "Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) -## translationNotes +# the people -* **In three days** - "Three days from now" -* **cross over this Jordan** - "Cross over" means "go to the opposite side of the river." AT: "travel to the other side of the Jordan River." +This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In three days + +Here Joshua was counting his present day as day one. AT: "Two days from now" or "On the day after tomorrow" + +# cross over this Jordan + +"cross over" refers to going to the opposite side of the river. AT: "travel to the other side of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/12.md b/jos/01/12.md index 08a9d87197..8ba6dcbcdc 100644 --- a/jos/01/12.md +++ b/jos/01/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Reubenites -* **Reubenites** - - The descendants of Reuben. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gadites** - - The decendants of Gad. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These were the descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gadites + +These were the decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/14.md b/jos/01/14.md index beb0c7a960..81c9b560b1 100644 --- a/jos/01/14.md +++ b/jos/01/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Joshua continues speaking to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh. -## translationNotes +# your little ones -* Joshua continues speaking to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh. -* **your little ones** - "your little children" -* **beyond the Jordan** - This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side "beyond the Jordan." But at this time they were all still on the east side. AT: "east of the Jordan River" +"your little children" + +# beyond the Jordan + +This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side "beyond the Jordan." But at this time they were all still on the east side. AT: "east of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# given your brothers rest + +This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will ... possess it + +This refers to living out their life on the land in peace. + +# beyond the Jordan, where the sun rises + +This refers to the east side of the Jordan river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/16.md b/jos/01/16.md index 663d13f793..4670f42de7 100644 --- a/jos/01/16.md +++ b/jos/01/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:disobey|disobey, disobedient, disobedience]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] +These Isrelites were specifically the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh that replied to Joshua. -## translationNotes +# rebels against your commands and disobeys your words -* The Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh reply to Joshua. -* **rebels against your commands and disobeys your words** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **will be put to death** - AT: "we will put to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# will be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be strong and courageous + +Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/intro.md b/jos/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06161896f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Joshua 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Be strong and Courageous ##### + +Joshua is often told, "Be strong and courageous." This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Joshua intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/01.md b/jos/02/01.md index 2e6c76e170..8399289464 100644 --- a/jos/02/01.md +++ b/jos/02/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Nun -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:rahab]] -* [[en:tw:rahab|Rahab]] +This is Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Shittim -* **Nun** - This is Joshua's father. (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shittim** - This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# as spies + +These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/04.md b/jos/02/04.md index 9e4830d001..85e7bb1856 100644 --- a/jos/02/04.md +++ b/jos/02/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] +Rahab the prostitute protects the two Israelite spies from harm. -## translationNotes +# But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them -* **the woman** - This refers to Rahab, the prostitute. -* **dusk** - This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night. +This happened before the king's messenger spoke to her. + +# the woman + +This refers to Rahab, the prostitute. + +# dusk + +This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/06.md b/jos/02/06.md index 7b46592ab0..734be423c9 100644 --- a/jos/02/06.md +++ b/jos/02/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But she had taken them ... on the roof -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] +This is background information and explains how she had hidden the men in [Joshua 2:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# the roof -* **the roof** - The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it. -* **flax** - a plant that is grown for its fibers, which are used in making cloth -* **ford** - a place where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it +The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it. + +# flax + +a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth + +# the men pursued them + +The men pursued the spies because of what Rahab had told them in [Joshua 2:5](./04.md). + +# fords + +places where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/08.md b/jos/02/08.md index ab07e6ab2a..9cf239fba6 100644 --- a/jos/02/08.md +++ b/jos/02/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# not yet lain down -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I know that Yahweh has given you the land -* **I know that Yahweh has given you the land** - The word "you" refers to the all the Israelite people. -* **will melt away before you** - This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) "will be weak in your presence" or 2) "will scatter away from you." AT: "will be so afraid that they will not resist you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "you" refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# fear of you has come upon us + +Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. AT: "we have become afraid of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will melt away before you + +This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites' presence or 2) they will be scattered. AT: "will be so afraid that they will not resist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/10.md b/jos/02/10.md index 04a8d39b22..d76cb5bbea 100644 --- a/jos/02/10.md +++ b/jos/02/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] +Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies. -## translationNotes +# the Sea of Reeds -* Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies. -* **Sihon … Og** - These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. AT: "we were terrified" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is another name for the Red Sea. + +# Sihon ... Og + +These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone + +These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase "our hearts melted" compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/12.md b/jos/02/12.md index 3f454ac93f..0b20eb6a91 100644 --- a/jos/02/12.md +++ b/jos/02/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] +Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies. -## translationNotes +# please swear to me ... Give me a sure sign -* Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies. -* **I have been kind to you** - The word "you" refers to the two spies. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I have been kind to you + +The word "you" refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# spare the lives ... save us from death + +a polite way of saying "do not to kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/14.md b/jos/02/14.md index a47d20cd80..21368cc401 100644 --- a/jos/02/14.md +++ b/jos/02/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faithful]] +The Israelite spies make the promise which Rahab asked for in [Joshua 2:12](./12.md) -## translationNotes +# Our life for yours, even to death -* The Israelite spies make the promise which Rahab asked for in [[en:bible:notes:jos:02:12]] +This idiom is a way of swearing and asking God to curse them if they do not keep their promise. AT: "If we do not do what we promise, may Yahweh cause us to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/15.md b/jos/02/15.md index 12f6ff1460..d19fd9ac98 100644 --- a/jos/02/15.md +++ b/jos/02/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:house]] +The Israelite spies continue to talk to Rahab. -## translationNotes +# if you do not do this -* The Israelite spies continue to talk to Rahab. -* **"if you do not do this"** - This expresses a condition for the promise the spies had made to Rahab. The word, "this," refers to "tie this scarlet rope in the window" in [[en:bible:notes:jos:02:18]] (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +This expresses a condition for the promise the spies had made to Rahab. The word, "this," refers to "tie this scarlet rope in the window" in [Joshua 2:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/18.md b/jos/02/18.md index 1895ca4269..733e9710ec 100644 --- a/jos/02/18.md +++ b/jos/02/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +The Israelite spies clarify the condition they expressed in [Joshua 2:15](./15.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The Israelite spies continue talking to Rahab -* **Whoever goes out the doors of your house** - Expresses a condition, creating a hypothetical situation. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **blood will be on their own heads** - This means "their death will be their own fault." (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **their own heads** - The word "heads" represents personal responsibility. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **if a hand is laid upon** - "If we cause injury" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The Israelite spies continue talking to Rahab. + +# Whoever goes out of the doors of your house + +This phrase expresses a condition, creating a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# blood will be upon their own heads + +Here "blood" represents a person's death. To be responsible for their own death is spoken of as if their blood would be on their heads. AT: "their death will be their own fault" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we will be guiltless + +"we will be innocent" + +# if a hand is laid upon any + +Here "a hand is laid upon" is a polite way of referring to causing someone injury. AT: "if we cause injury to any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/20.md b/jos/02/20.md index d740d3ecbe..149171e339 100644 --- a/jos/02/20.md +++ b/jos/02/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +The two Israelite spies continue to speak to Rahab about their promise to her. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The Israelite spies continue to speak to Rahab about their promise to her. -* **if you speak** - "You" refers to Rahab. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_yousingular]]) +The spies required Rahab to remain silent about their visit or they would be free from their oath to protect her family. + +# if you speak + +"You" refers to Rahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# May what you say be done + +Rahab agreed to their terms of the oath to protect her family. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/22.md b/jos/02/22.md index f98f117704..8f6cf9e102 100644 --- a/jos/02/22.md +++ b/jos/02/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The two Israelites spies leave Jericho. -## translationNotes +# their pursuers returned -* The two Israelites spies leave Jericho. -* **their pursurers returned** - "their pursuers returned to the city, to Jericho." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +It may be helpful to say they returned to Jericho. AT: "their pursuers returned to the city of Jericho" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# found nothing + +This refers to the men not finding the spies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/23.md b/jos/02/23.md index f6380d83cc..82cb4b4cc9 100644 --- a/jos/02/23.md +++ b/jos/02/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The two men returned -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The two men returned back to the Israelite's camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# returned and crossed over and came back -* **Nun** - This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **everything that had happened to them** - "all that the men had experienced and seen." -* **us** - This word, "us," refers to Israel. -* **cross over** - "cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These are similar expressions referring to returning to where the Israelite's are camped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# crossed over + +"cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "traveled from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Nun + +This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# everything that had happened to them + +"all that the men had experienced and seen." + +# us + +This word, "us," refers to Israel. + +# inhabitants of the land are melting away + +The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/intro.md b/jos/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dd3a4f2502 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Joshua 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rahab's faith ##### + +Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement "for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below" is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: "... melting away because of us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/01.md b/jos/03/01.md index 7fc8ec2588..047a374e45 100644 --- a/jos/03/01.md +++ b/jos/03/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# got up -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +The phrase, "got up," means to "awaken." -## translationNotes +# Shittim -* **got up** - The phrase, "got up," means to "awaken." -* **Shittim** - A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan. +A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/02.md b/jos/03/02.md index c8ec6d8868..f421dbecd3 100644 --- a/jos/03/02.md +++ b/jos/03/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# officers -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +These are people holding a position of command or authority. -## translationNotes +# people -* **officers** - These are people holding a position of command or authority -* **people** - This is the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **two thousand** - 2,000 (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **two thousand cubits** - "cubits" is a measurement equaling the distance from the elbow to the finger tips. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# two thousand cubits + +"2,000 cubits." The word "cubit" is a measurement equaling the distance from the elbow to the finger tips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/05.md b/jos/03/05.md index 7c5cbd2c71..a2957fa9ec 100644 --- a/jos/03/05.md +++ b/jos/03/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Consecrate yourselves -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to a special preparation of being religiously clean before Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh will do wonders -* * -* There are no Translation Notes for this chunk. +Yahweh will be doing miracles for all to see and experience. + +# Take up the ark + +This is referring to the levites picking up the ark for the purpose of carrying it from one location to another. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/07.md b/jos/03/07.md index 7c068c25a1..17914ad0c2 100644 --- a/jos/03/07.md +++ b/jos/03/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh tells Joshua what the priest are to do. -## translationNotes +# I will make you a great man in the eyes of all Israel -* Yahweh tells Joshua what the priest are to do. +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "the people will see what I do and realize that I have made you a great man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# edge of the waters of the Jordan + +Joshua is to approach the bank or edge of the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/09.md b/jos/03/09.md index 24ca29cf88..8209eb2b2b 100644 --- a/jos/03/09.md +++ b/jos/03/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:girgashites]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] +Joshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do -## translationNotes +# drive out from before you -* Joshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do -* **cross over** - "cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh will force the other people living on the land to leave or be killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crosses over + +"cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "will travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/12.md b/jos/03/12.md index dacbb26091..b3f53eb889 100644 --- a/jos/03/12.md +++ b/jos/03/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Joshua continues to tell Israel of the miracle that Yahweh will do. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Joshua continues to tell Israel of the miracle that Yahweh will do -* **upstream** - This word means "in the direction of the sources of a river or stream." +Just as Israel's fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land. + +# the soles of the feet + +This refers to the bottom of their feet. + +# upstream + +This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel. + +# stand in one heap + +The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/14.md b/jos/03/14.md index 8c5358c61f..c1fb13bcfe 100644 --- a/jos/03/14.md +++ b/jos/03/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# edge of the water -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea]] +This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest -* **chest of the covenant** - the word "chest" is an alternate translation for "ark" as this is called in the following verse. -* **now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest** - This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/17.md b/jos/03/17.md index d7812dbe29..d1d24e6952 100644 --- a/jos/03/17.md +++ b/jos/03/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues. -## translationNotes +# the Jordan -* The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues. -* **the Jordan** - This is a shorter name for the Jordan River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **crossed over** - This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# crossed over + +This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "traveled from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/intro.md b/jos/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1e1e4d44b --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Joshua 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God dries the Jordan River ##### + +Joshua told the people "Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you." The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/01.md b/jos/04/01.md index bee7ca3c49..8dc127bffd 100644 --- a/jos/04/01.md +++ b/jos/04/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Though Yahweh was speaking directly to Joshua, all occurrences of you include Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# crossed over -* **cross over** - "cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The words "crossed over" refer to going to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "went across" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the Jordan + +the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Give them this command: ' ... ' + +The nested quote can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "Give them this command to take up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan where the priests are standing on the dry ground, and bring them over with you and lay them down in the place where you will spend the night tonight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/04.md b/jos/04/04.md index cb3d2efa54..6b1df21cc1 100644 --- a/jos/04/04.md +++ b/jos/04/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] +Joshua tells the twelve men what to do. -## translationNotes +# into the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to take up a stone upon his shoulder -* Joshua tells the twelve men what to do. +Each of the twelve men were to pick up a large stone from the Jordan River bed and carry them to the other side to build a monument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/06.md b/jos/04/06.md index 9ffbba591a..ed26f3fc8d 100644 --- a/jos/04/06.md +++ b/jos/04/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:memorialoffering]] +Joshua tells Israel what the pile of twelve stones mean. -## translationNotes +# The waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Yahweh -* Joshua tells Israel what the pile of twelves stones mean. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh cut off the waters of the Jordan in front of the ark of his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The waters of the Jordan were + +"The Jordan River was" + +# were cut off before the ark + +The Jordan River was prevented by God from flowing up to the ark that was being carried by the priests. + +# the waters of the Jordan were cut off + +The water flowing down the Jordan River stopped before the ark so everyone including the ark traveled on the dry river bed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/08.md b/jos/04/08.md index c718487c47..e62c78dbaf 100644 --- a/jos/04/08.md +++ b/jos/04/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Joshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded. -## translationNotes +# they picked up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan -* Joshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded +This refers to the twelve men picking up stones from the middle of the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan + +These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the river bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The memorial is there to this day + +This means the memorial was there to the day that the author was writing this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/10.md b/jos/04/10.md index 0fb0229c57..8a7d2cd185 100644 --- a/jos/04/10.md +++ b/jos/04/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the Jordan -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the Jordan River. -## translationNotes +# the people -* **the people** - This refers to the nation of Israel. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **cross over** - means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# crossed over + +This means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "traveled from one side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# before the people + +This refers to being in front of the people or in the sight of all the people. Everyone saw the ark being carried by the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/12.md b/jos/04/12.md index 63fd88473b..547e900328 100644 --- a/jos/04/12.md +++ b/jos/04/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh passed before the people of Israel formed up as an army -* [[en:tw:israel]] +These were the soldiers of the 3 tribes that were fulfilling their obligation to lead the Israelites into battle for settling on the East side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# just as they -* **just as they** - the word "they" refers to the people of Israel. +The word "they" refers to the people of Israel. + +# they honored Moses + +This refers to not just honor but submission to his commands and to treat him as the commander of their army as they had followed Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/15.md b/jos/04/15.md index 867c3c621e..ac6760de6f 100644 --- a/jos/04/15.md +++ b/jos/04/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:priest]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River +Yahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/17.md b/jos/04/17.md index dd076cb51d..5df33455bb 100644 --- a/jos/04/17.md +++ b/jos/04/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The Author was making it clear that parting the Jordan River was no different than parting the Red Sea for the previous generation. -## translationNotes +# waters of the Jordan returned to their place and overflowed its banks -* **four days** - 4 days. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The Jordan River was overflowing its banks and flooding the area before and after Israel passed through on dry land. + +# four days + +"4 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/19.md b/jos/04/19.md index b3c9802acb..261493c9d4 100644 --- a/jos/04/19.md +++ b/jos/04/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# came up out of the Jordan -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground. -## translationNotes +# on the tenth day of the first month -* **tenth day** - indicating day ten in the month. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# The twelve stones that they took out of the Jordan + +Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/22.md b/jos/04/22.md index 88ad65c036..069e897622 100644 --- a/jos/04/22.md +++ b/jos/04/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] +Joshua continues to remind the people the purpose of the pile of stones. -## translationNotes +# Tell your children -* **the hand of Yahweh is mighty** - This phrase represents all of Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh is mighty." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +It was for Israel to teach their children of God's miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever. + +# the hand of Yahweh is mighty + +This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. AT: "Yahweh is mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/intro.md b/jos/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..46a186edf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Joshua 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's war ##### +The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God's war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh's power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/01.md b/jos/05/01.md index 5de34c399d..fdc7c758d3 100644 --- a/jos/05/01.md +++ b/jos/05/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# their hearts melted ... there was no longer any spirit in them -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# their hearts melted -* **their hearts melted, and there was no longer any spirit in them** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. AT: “they were terrified” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "hearts" refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. AT: "they lost all their courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there was no longer any spirit in them + +Here "spirit" refers to their will to fight. AT: "they no longer had any will to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/02.md b/jos/05/02.md index 72f4bc7629..e645358eb8 100644 --- a/jos/05/02.md +++ b/jos/05/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Joshua made himself flint knives ... he circumcised all the males -* [[en:tw:israel]] +There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If this would confuse your readers, you may want to make this explicit. AT: "Joshua and the Israelites made themselves flint knives ... they circumcised all the males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Gibeath Haaraloth -* **Gibeath Haaraloth** - This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh; it means "the hill of the foreskins." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh. It means "the hill of the foreskins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/04.md b/jos/05/04.md index 0b9783efb2..a0b9cab865 100644 --- a/jos/05/04.md +++ b/jos/05/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] +The reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised is explained. -## translationNotes +# the men of war -* The reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised. +the men who were old enough to be soldiers \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/06.md b/jos/05/06.md index d797257a2c..64dc0bcdf7 100644 --- a/jos/05/06.md +++ b/jos/05/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# obey the voice of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Here "voice" refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. AT: "obey the things that Yahweh commanded them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# a land flowing with milk and honey -* **land flowing with milk and honey** - A rich, fertile and desirable land. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. AT: "a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/08.md b/jos/05/08.md index a538c3b31e..1b819c1d65 100644 --- a/jos/05/08.md +++ b/jos/05/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# This day I have rolled away the disgrace of Egypt from you -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] - -## translationNotes - -* **rolled away the disgrace** - This phrase means "removed your disgrace." AT: "removed your disgrace like the stone that blocks an entrance." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Their disgrace is spoken of as if it were a large stone that blocked their path. Here "rolled away" means "removed." AT: "This day I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from you" or "You were disgraced when you were slaves in Egypt. But, today I have caused you to no longer be disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/10.md b/jos/05/10.md index 66fdffc50a..0627487462 100644 --- a/jos/05/10.md +++ b/jos/05/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the fourteenth day of the month -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] - -## translationNotes - -* **fourteenth day** - The day counted from the beginning of the month. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is near the end of March on Western calendars. AT: "the fourteenth day of the first month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/12.md b/jos/05/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 856bf1863f..0000000000 --- a/jos/05/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:manna]] -* [[en:tw:manna|manna]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk. diff --git a/jos/05/13.md b/jos/05/13.md index fd602c64e5..7ab0e655d7 100644 --- a/jos/05/13.md +++ b/jos/05/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. AT: "he looked up and saw that a man was standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# behold -* **Behold** - The word “behold” alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a man who was…” -* **he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand** - Here the words "he" and "his" refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua. +The word "behold" alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand + +Here the words "he" and "his" refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/14.md b/jos/05/14.md index da5c07f884..d31535db4b 100644 --- a/jos/05/14.md +++ b/jos/05/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He said -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The word "he" refers to the man Joshua saw. -## translationNotes +# Neither -* **He said** - "He" refers to the man Joshua saw. +This is the beginning of the man's answer to Joshua's question, "Are you for us or for our enemies?" This short answer could be clarified. AT: "I am neither for you nor for your enemies" + +# Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship + +This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Take off your sandals from your feet + +This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/intro.md b/jos/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec7952c138 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Joshua 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Circumcision ##### + +It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) + +##### Manna ##### + +Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh's care and provision will stop. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/01.md b/jos/06/01.md index 92255068af..3c57aa4a4d 100644 --- a/jos/06/01.md +++ b/jos/06/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:king]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up. -## translationNotes +# I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up. -* **your hand** - The word "hand" here refers to Joshua's power or authority. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# into your hand + +This means "into your control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/03.md b/jos/06/03.md index 2084afb895..8a5fc547fc 100644 --- a/jos/06/03.md +++ b/jos/06/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +God continues telling Joshua what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# You must do this for six days -* **six days** - A counted number of days. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **seven priests** - A counted number of priests. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"You must do this once each day for six days" + +# Seven priests must carry seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark + +The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/05.md b/jos/06/05.md index 4e3a7e3c79..ddfcd157f4 100644 --- a/jos/06/05.md +++ b/jos/06/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +God continues telling Joshua what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# they must sound a long blast with the ram's horn ... of the trumpet -* There are no notes for this chunk +The word "they" refers to the seven priests. The "ram's horn" and "trumpet" refer to the trumpets of rams' horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](./03.md). + +# the wall of the city + +"the outer wall of the city" or "the wall surrounding the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/06.md b/jos/06/06.md index 216d1faf1c..963a679f4c 100644 --- a/jos/06/06.md +++ b/jos/06/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Nun -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Take up the ark of the covenant -* **Nun** - This is a male name, Joshua's father. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Pick up the ark of the covenant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/08.md b/jos/06/08.md index 7ba291b2c5..bce5a4d3cc 100644 --- a/jos/06/08.md +++ b/jos/06/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Possible meanings are 1) "in obedience to Yahweh" or 2) "in front of Yahweh's ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# they gave a blast on the trumpets -* **gave a blast** - AT "blew into his ram's horn trumpet." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"they sounded the trumpets loudly" or "the priests blew into the ram's horn trumpets" + +# The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them + +It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. AT: "The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/10.md b/jos/06/10.md index 81c64c5e80..659aff3aea 100644 --- a/jos/06/10.md +++ b/jos/06/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# No sound must leave your mouths -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Sound leaving someone's mouth refers to that person's speaking or shouting. AT: "Do not yell or speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# But Joshua commanded the people -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +Joshua had commanded the people before they started walking around the city. AT: "Joshua had commanded the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/12.md b/jos/06/12.md index e9ba9b70c0..26157c1e57 100644 --- a/jos/06/12.md +++ b/jos/06/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# seven priests ... seven trumpets -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"7 priests ... 7 trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# gave blasts on the trumpets -* Israel continues to march around Jericho -* **They did this** - This phrase means, "Israel marched around Jericho once." +This means that they blew into their trumpets, causing them to make loud noises, multiple times. AT: "continually sounded the trumpets loudly" or "blew into the ram's horn trumpets continually" + +# the second day + +the next day (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# They did this + +Israel marched around Jericho once every day. + +# six days + +"6 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/15.md b/jos/06/15.md index a23fe0c202..ea9b2852f6 100644 --- a/jos/06/15.md +++ b/jos/06/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the people -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This refers to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# gave a blast with the trumpets -* Day 7 -* **people** - refers to the people of Israel -* **given to you** - The word "you" refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +"sounded the trumpets loudly" or "blew into the ram's horn trumpets" + +# Yahweh has given you + +Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# given you + +The word "you" refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/17.md b/jos/06/17.md index a4dc072fce..bdb06399b4 100644 --- a/jos/06/17.md +++ b/jos/06/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:rahab]] +Joshua continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# The city and all that is in it will be set apart to Yahweh for destruction -* **treasury of Yahweh** - A collection of things set apart for the worship of Yahweh. +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it for destruction" or "You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it by destroying it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be on guard about taking the things + +Being careful is spoken of as if they are to guard themselves. "Be careful that you do not take the things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will bring trouble on it + +Doing something that makes bad things to happen to the city is spoken of as bringing trouble on it. AT: "you will cause bad things to happen to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the treasury of Yahweh + +a collection of things set apart for the worship of Yahweh \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/20.md b/jos/06/20.md index 7e8b6f5763..bfcae80631 100644 --- a/jos/06/20.md +++ b/jos/06/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the people gave a great shout -* [[en:tw:Sheep]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +"the people of Israel shouted" -## translationNotes +# gave blasts with the trumpets -* **the people** - This phrase refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the edge of the sword** - The word "edge" here refers to using the whole "sword." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"sounded the trumpets loudly" or "blew into the ram's horn trumpets" + +# They completely destroyed all that was in the city by the edge of the sword + +The "edge of the sword" represents the swords and other weapons that soldiers used in battle. AT: "They completely destroyed all that was in the city with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/22.md b/jos/06/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ec10eb02b..0000000000 --- a/jos/06/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk diff --git a/jos/06/23.md b/jos/06/23.md index aec0438078..01a11bbdd7 100644 --- a/jos/06/23.md +++ b/jos/06/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They burned the city -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +The word "they" refers to the Israelite soldiers. It does not refer only to the two young men who brought Rahab and her family out of the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/25.md b/jos/06/25.md index 1f19248a4c..e4ea874063 100644 --- a/jos/06/25.md +++ b/jos/06/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# She lives in Israel -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:rahab]] +The word "She" refers to Rahab and represents her descendants. AT: "Her descendants live in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to this day -* **to this day** - AT "Continuously and still true at the time of this original writing." +"now" or "even today." Rahab's descendants are still living in Israel as the original writer writes this story. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/26.md b/jos/06/26.md index 95de64faf9..0850f0eb0a 100644 --- a/jos/06/26.md +++ b/jos/06/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Cursed is the man in Yahweh's sight who rebuilds -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +Being cursed in Yahweh's sight represents being cursed by Yahweh. AT: "May Yahweh curse the man who rebuilds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# At the cost of his firstborn son, he will lay the foundation -* **his fame spread** - the word "his" here refers to Joshua. AT: "Joshua's fame spread" +The consequence of a man laying a new foundation for Jericho is that his firstborn son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. AT: "If he lays the foundation, he will lose his firstborn son" or "If he lays the foundation, his firstborn son will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the cost of his youngest son, he will set up its gates + +The consequence of a man setting up new gates for Jericho is that his youngest son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. AT: "If he sets up its gates, he will lose his youngest son" or "If he sets up it gates, his youngest son will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his fame spread throughout the land + +This refers to Joshua's fame, not Yahweh's. Becoming known among the people throughout the land is spoken of as if his fame spread. AT: "Joshua became famous throughout the land" or "people throughout the land learned about Joshua" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/intro.md b/jos/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..79f3f717bf --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Joshua 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh conquers ##### + +It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, "Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city." The circumstances of Israel's victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/01.md b/jos/07/01.md index a774741091..f070093902 100644 --- a/jos/07/01.md +++ b/jos/07/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the things that were set apart for destruction -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the things that God had said they must set apart to him by destroying them" -## translationNotes +# Achan ... Karmi ... Zabdi ... Zerah -* **Achan, Carmi, Zimri, Zerah** - These are the names of men. Translate Achan the same way in Joshua 7:10, 18-20, 24 and 22:20. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Yahweh's anger burned** - "Anger" and "burned" indicates intensity, not that fire is present. AT:"Yahweh's anger burned like a fire" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh's anger burned + +"anger" and "burned" indicates intensity, not that fire is present. AT: "Yahweh's anger burned like a fire" or "Yahweh was very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/02.md b/jos/07/02.md index 28aca1131e..ee97420ce3 100644 --- a/jos/07/02.md +++ b/jos/07/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all the people -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +This refers to the army of Israel. -## translationNotes +# they are few in number -* **sent men** - The word "men" here means "soldiers." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **all the people** - The word "people" here refers to the army of Israel. -* **they are few in number** - This phrase refers to the people of Ai. +The word "they" refers to the people of Ai. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/04.md b/jos/07/04.md index 9d21922129..47f823e0c8 100644 --- a/jos/07/04.md +++ b/jos/07/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# three thousand men went up from the army -* [[en:tw:ai]] +These men were part of the army. AT: "three thousand men belonging to the army went up" -## translationNotes +# three thousand men ... thirty-six men -* Joshua sends soldiers to Ai and is defeated. -* **three thousand men** - The word "men" here refers to "soldiers." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **three thousand men... thirty-six men** - six men** - These refer to the number of men (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the hearts of the people were afraid and their courage left them** - The word "people" refers to Israel. These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. AT: “the people of Israel were terrified” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"3,000 men ... 36 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# The hearts of the people were afraid ... their courage left them + +These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that the people were extremely afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The hearts of the people were afraid + +Here the people are represented by their "hearts" to emphasize their emotions. AT: "The people were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The hearts of the people + +The phrase "the people" refers to the Israelite soldiers. + +# their courage left them + +"they were no longer courageous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/06.md b/jos/07/06.md index 5387c01a1d..431e3234e3 100644 --- a/jos/07/06.md +++ b/jos/07/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# tore his garments ... put dust on their heads and lay facedown on the ground in front of the ark of Yahweh +They did these things to show God how sad and distressed they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us? -* **tore his garments... put dust on their heads and lay facedown on the ground in front of the ark of Yahweh** - These are expressions of deep mourning or distress. Here the "ark of Yahweh" represents the Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Joshua was asking if this is the reason God had brought them across the Jordan. AT: "Did you do it in order to give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us? + +The hands of the Amorites represents their control and power. Giving the Israelites into their hands to destroy them represents allowing the Amorites to have control of the Israelites and destroy them. AT: "To allow the Amorites to destroy us? (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If only we made a different decision + +The words "If only" show that this is a wish for something that had not happened. AT: "I wish we had made a different decision" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/08.md b/jos/07/08.md index b449ab5493..724a4c3881 100644 --- a/jos/07/08.md +++ b/jos/07/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +Joshua expresses frustration to God. -## translationNotes +# what can I say, after Israel has turned their backs before their enemies? -* Joshua expresses frustration to God. -* **Lord, what can I say, after Israel has turned their backs before their enemies!** - AT: O Lord, I have no more words to say to you. Israel has run away in defeat. We have turned our backs in shame as we ran away from our enemies." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **so what will you do for your great name** - The phrase "your great name" here represents the reputation and power of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Joshua said this to show how upset he was that he did not even know what to say. AT: "I do not know what to say. Israel has turned their backs before their enemies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Israel has turned their backs before their enemies + +Doing this represents running away from their enemies. AT: "Israel has run away from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will surround us and make the people of the earth forget our name + +Making people forget the name of the Israelites represents making them forget the Israelites. In this case they would do it by killing the Israelites. AT: "They will surround us and kill us, and the people of the earth will forget about us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for your great name + +The phrase "your great name" here represents God's reputation and power. AT: "And so what will you do so that people will know that you are great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What will you do for your great name? + +Joshua uses this question to warn God that if the Israelites are destroyed, then the other people will think that God is not great. AT: "Then there will be nothing you can do for your great name." or "Then people will not know that you are great." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/10.md b/jos/07/10.md index 01cd775b4a..517e4cd7c3 100644 --- a/jos/07/10.md +++ b/jos/07/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Yahweh tells Joshua why Israel is cursed. -## translationNotes +# Why are you lying there on your face? -* Yahweh tells Joshua why Israel is cursed. -* **Why are you lying there on your face** - AT: "Stand up! Stop lying there with your face in the dirt! (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the reserved things** - These are the things "marked for destruction" from [[en:bible:notes:jos:06:17]]. AT: "the cursed things" or "those things which God has cursed." +God used this question to rebuke Joshua for lying there on his face. AT: "Stop lying there with your face in the dirt!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the things that were set apart + +These are the things "marked for destruction" from [Joshua 6:18-19](../06/17.md). AT: "the cursed things" or "those things which God has cursed" + +# They have stolen and then also hidden their sin + +Hiding their sin represents trying to keep others from knowing that they have sinned. AT: "They have stolen those things, and then they tried to keep people from knowing that they sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cannot stand before their enemies + +Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against their enemies. AT: "cannot fight successfully against their enemies" or "cannot defeat their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They turned their backs from their enemies + +Doing this represents running away from their enemies. AT: "They ran away from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not be with you any more + +Being with Israel represents helping Israel. AT: "I will not help you any more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/13.md b/jos/07/13.md index bb8827e3ee..d6d29b4eb8 100644 --- a/jos/07/13.md +++ b/jos/07/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:israel]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua and tells him what to tell the people. -## translationNotes +# the people -* Yahweh tells Joshua how to remove the curse on Israel. -* **people** - The word "people" refers to Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to the people of Israel. + +# You cannot stand against your enemies + +Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against them. AT: "You cannot fight successfully against your enemies" or "You cannot defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/14.md b/jos/07/14.md index 2c7e6d2b2b..437f1fd50c 100644 --- a/jos/07/14.md +++ b/jos/07/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:disgrace]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] +Yahweh continues telling Joshua what he must tell the people. -## translationNotes +# you must present yourselves by your tribes -* Yahweh continues to tell Joshua how to lift Israel's curse. +There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase "by your tribes" means "each tribe." AT: "each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The tribe that Yahweh selects will come near by their clans + +The tribe was made up of multiple clans. AT: "From the tribe that Yahweh selects, each clan will come near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The tribe that Yahweh selects + +The leaders of Israel would toss lots, and by doing this, they would learn which tribe Yahweh had selected. This can be stated clearly. AT: "The tribe that Yahweh selects by lot" or "The tribe that Yahweh selects when we toss lots" + +# The clan that Yahweh selects must come near by each household + +The clan was made up of multiple households. AT: "From the clan that Yahweh selects, each household must come near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The household that Yahweh selects must come near one by one + +The household was made up of multiple people. AT: "From the household that Yahweh selects, each person must come near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the one who is selected + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "the one whom Yahweh selects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he has broken the covenant of Yahweh + +Breaking the covenant represents disobeying it. AT: "he has disobeyed the covenant of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/16.md b/jos/07/16.md index 0e07255793..46e013191b 100644 --- a/jos/07/16.md +++ b/jos/07/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Joshua follows Yahweh's command to bring Israel before Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# brought Israel near, tribe by tribe -* Joshua follows Yahweh's command to bring Israel before Yahweh. -* **Zabdi ... Carmi ... Zerah** - men's names (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Achan** - Translate this man's name as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jos:07:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zerahites** - "descendants of Zerah" +The phrase "tribe by tribe" means each tribe. AT: "brought each tribe of Israel near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the tribe of Judah was selected + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh selected the tribe of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He brought near the clan of the Zerahites person by person + +The phrase "person by person" is an idiom meaning each person. The persons in this sentence were the leaders of their households. AT: "He brought near each person of the clan of the Zerahites" or "From the clan of the Zerahites, he brought near each man who was the leader of his household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the clan of the Zerahites + +The clan was named after the man named Zerah. + +# Zabdi ... Achan ... Karmi ... Zerah + +These are men's names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/19.md b/jos/07/19.md index 872ee36b72..d398ec0d37 100644 --- a/jos/07/19.md +++ b/jos/07/19.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# give your confession to him -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The abstract noun "confession" can be expressed with the verb "confess." AT: "confess to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not hide it from me -* Joshua hears Achan's confession. -* **shekels** - a small unit of weight (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. AT: "Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# two hundred shekels + +This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fifty shekels + +This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# They are hidden in the ground + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I hid them in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/22.md b/jos/07/22.md index 9adfce219b..49019ccfbd 100644 --- a/jos/07/22.md +++ b/jos/07/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# they looked -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +"the men Joshua had sent looked" -## translationNotes +# poured them out -* **they looked** - "the men Joshua had sent looked" -* **poured them out** - Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag out on the ground. +Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/24.md b/jos/07/24.md index d10255c390..0edebc3ade 100644 --- a/jos/07/24.md +++ b/jos/07/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the Valley of Achor -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Achan** - Translate this man's name as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jos:07:01]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Achor** - See note on "Achor" at [[en:bible:notes:jos:07:25]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The name means "Valley of Trouble," but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/25.md b/jos/07/25.md index 8615e2bf74..cce4f8fb82 100644 --- a/jos/07/25.md +++ b/jos/07/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Why have you troubled us? -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. AT: "You have troubled us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. -* **they burned them all, and they stoned them** - Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan's family to death and then covered them with stones (see UDB) or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan's family to death and then burned the dead bodies. -* **Valley of Achor** - The name means "Valley of Trouble," but it is best to translate this the way it sounds. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **until this present day** - until the time the writer wrote the book +Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan's family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan's family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned. + +# Yahweh turned away his burning anger + +Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. AT: "Yahweh stopped being angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until this present day + +It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. AT: "even today" or "even now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/intro.md b/jos/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d480ecb43e --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Joshua 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sin brought defeat ##### + +It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/01.md b/jos/08/01.md index 5a4fd847ed..033f934a89 100644 --- a/jos/08/01.md +++ b/jos/08/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not fear; do not be discouraged -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I have given into your hand the king of Ai ... and his land -* **Do not fear; do not be discouraged** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Giving them into Israel's hand represents giving Israel victory and control over them. AT: "I have given you victory over the king of Ai and his people, and I have given you control over his city and his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have given + +God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. AT: "I will certainly give" or "I am giving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# her king + +The word "her" refers to the city of Ai. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. AT: "its king" or "their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/03.md b/jos/08/03.md index 08cc418e06..221555dec4 100644 --- a/jos/08/03.md +++ b/jos/08/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the men of war -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +"the army of Israel" -## translationNotes +# thirty thousand men -* **the men of war** - "the soldiers" +"30,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/05.md b/jos/08/05.md index ce0f18d1ce..900f35546a 100644 --- a/jos/08/05.md +++ b/jos/08/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Joshua continues to explain the battle plan to his soldiers. -## translationNotes +# will give it into your hand -* Joshua continues to explain the battle plan to his soldiers. -* **give it into your hand** - "allow you to defeat that city's army" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "hand" symbolizes the control and power the people have over their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/08.md b/jos/08/08.md index 57e0a27314..a723f2600f 100644 --- a/jos/08/08.md +++ b/jos/08/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +Joshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers. -## translationNotes +# Joshua sent them out -* Joshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers. -* **the place of ambush** - "where they would hide until it was time to attack" +This phrase refers to Joshua sending the thirty thousand men who had been selected to ambush Ai to where they would set the ambush. + +# the place of ambush + +"where they would hide until it was time to attack" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/10.md b/jos/08/10.md index f2d4cd06e1..22d38704b2 100644 --- a/jos/08/10.md +++ b/jos/08/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# five thousand men -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] - -## translationNotes - -* **five thousand men** - This group seems to be a portion of the “thirty thousand men” ([[:en:bible:notes:jos:08:08]]). This smaller group remained in the ambush while the other 25,000 attacked the city. +"5,000 men." This group seems to be a portion of the "thirty thousand men" ([Joshua 8:9](./08.md)). This smaller group remained in the ambush while the other 25,000 men attacked the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/13.md b/jos/08/13.md index bce1836385..5c31afe22c 100644 --- a/jos/08/13.md +++ b/jos/08/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +The Israelites prepare to fight the people of Ai. -## translationNotes +# the main army -* The Israelites prepare to fight the people of Ai. -* **main army** - "largest group of soldiers" -* **rear guard** - those "set ... in ambush" ([[:en:bible:notes:jos:08:10]]) +This refers to the largest group of fighting men, those not in the ambush group. + +# rear guard + +those who were "set in ambush on the west side of the city" (See: [Joshua 8:12](./10.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/15.md b/jos/08/15.md index 8b3e7e1a03..35df912f35 100644 --- a/jos/08/15.md +++ b/jos/08/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# let themselves be defeated before them -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +"let themselves be defeated before the people of Ai." The phrase "before them" represents what the people of Ai would see and think. AT: "let the people of Ai think that the Israelites were defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# let themselves be defeated before them -* **let themselves be defeated before them** - AT: "acted as if the men of Ai were defeating them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **All the people who were in the city were called together** - "The city leaders called all the people in the city together" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **All the people who were in the city** - "All the soldiers" (see UDB) -* **They abandoned the city** - "They left the city completely without protection" or "After they left, there was no one in the city to protect it" +The phrase "be defeated" can be stated in active form. AT: "let the people of Ai think that they had defeated the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# before them ... they went after ... they were drawn away + +The words "them" and "they" here refer to the army of Ai. + +# they fled ... go after them + +The words "they" and "them" here refer to the army of Isreal. + +# All the people who were in the city were called together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The city leaders called all the people in the city together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All the people who were in the city + +The writer speaks in a general way about all the people, but "all the people" refers only to those who could fight. AT: "all the people in the city who could help chase the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# left it open + +"left the city gates open" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/18.md b/jos/08/18.md index 8be5261467..4dd7f82e4b 100644 --- a/jos/08/18.md +++ b/jos/08/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] - -## translationNotes +# I will give Ai into your hand +Giving Ai into Israel's hand represents giving Israel victory and control over Ai. AT: "I will give you victory over Ai" or "I will cause you to capture Ai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/20.md b/jos/08/20.md deleted file mode 100644 index fa21ba4f05..0000000000 --- a/jos/08/20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] - -## translationNotes - -* **The men of Ai turned ... they saw ... Joshua and all Israel ... turned around ... they killed** - These are the main events in the story. If your language has a way of marking that the writer adds all the words from "they saw the smoke from the city rising" to "with the smoke rising" so the reader understands why "they turned around and they killed," you may want to use it here. diff --git a/jos/08/22.md b/jos/08/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index 412588202c..0000000000 --- a/jos/08/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/jos/08/24.md b/jos/08/24.md index a43404cc62..6b587aa7a9 100644 --- a/jos/08/24.md +++ b/jos/08/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants ... when all of them ... had fallen by the edge of the sword -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +The writer uses both of these sentences, which mean almost the same thing, to strongly say that the Israelites had obeyed God's command to kill everyone in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# had fallen by the edge of the sword -* **when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants ... when all of them ... had fallen by the edge of the sword** - The writer uses both of these sentences, which mean almost the same thing, to strongly say that the Israelites had obeyed God's command to kill everyone in Ai. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **had fallen by the edge of the sword** - "had been killed with swords by the army of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "fallen" is a euphemism for dying. Also, "the edge of the sword" represents whole swords, and swords represent either battle or the army of Israel. AT: "had died in battle" or "had died when the army of Israel attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# twelve thousand + +"12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/27.md b/jos/08/27.md index 45aa8452c6..fe1cf601ba 100644 --- a/jos/08/27.md +++ b/jos/08/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# an abandoned place -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] - -## translationNotes - -* **an abandoned place** - a place where people once lived, but now, no one lives there. +It is a place where people once lived, but now, no one lives there. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/29.md b/jos/08/29.md index b7350634e9..d0bde28985 100644 --- a/jos/08/29.md +++ b/jos/08/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# to this day -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hang]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] - -## translationNotes - -* **this day** - the time the writer wrote the book +"today" or "even now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/30.md b/jos/08/30.md index 1b97cb608b..a74aaada8e 100644 --- a/jos/08/30.md +++ b/jos/08/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Mount Ebal -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] - -## translationNotes - -* **built** - AT: "made" or "created" -* **Mount Ebal** - a mountain in Canaan (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **wrote on the stones** - AT: "wrote on stones set up near the altar" (see 8:31 and UDB) -* **a copy of the Law of Moses** - a copy of a representative part of the Law, probably the Ten Commandments (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/33.md b/jos/08/33.md deleted file mode 100644 index 46088c0072..0000000000 --- a/jos/08/33.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] - -## translationNotes - -* No Translation Notes in this chunk. diff --git a/jos/08/34.md b/jos/08/34.md index cc86d10349..730fef6508 100644 --- a/jos/08/34.md +++ b/jos/08/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +This can be expressed positively. AT: "Joshua read every word of all that Moses commanded" or "Joshua read the entire law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# Israel -* **There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read in front of the assembly of Israel** - This phrase means AT: "Joshua read the entire Law of Moses to those assembled." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Israel** - This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/intro.md b/jos/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c83ec8137 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Joshua 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sin brought defeat ##### +It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +##### Built an altar ##### +Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/01.md b/jos/09/01.md index 5603acfab9..ce2aa1334c 100644 --- a/jos/09/01.md +++ b/jos/09/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the Jordan -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] +a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# under one command -* **the Jordan** - A shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "command" represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. AT: "obeying the commands of one leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/03.md b/jos/09/03.md index be41edd758..b1463358f2 100644 --- a/jos/09/03.md +++ b/jos/09/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# cunning plan -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites -## translationNotes +# dry and moldy -* **cunning plan** - AT: "a deceitful plan intended to trick another" -* **dry and moldy** - AT: "dry and filled with fungus" or "stale and ruined" +"dry and filled with fungus" or "stale and ruined" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/06.md b/jos/09/06.md index 17778b8389..6df5ee2eab 100644 --- a/jos/09/06.md +++ b/jos/09/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# men of Israel -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the Hivites -* Gibeonites try to fool the nation of Israel. -* **men of Israel** - This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the Hivites** - These are also the Gibeonites. -* **Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a treaty with you?** - Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. AT:"If you do live near us, we cannot make a treaty with you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is another name for the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you? + +Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. AT: "If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/09.md b/jos/09/09.md index a4a5f8d7c7..6583a6659e 100644 --- a/jos/09/09.md +++ b/jos/09/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the Jordan -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is a shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Sihon -* The Gibeonites continue to deceive Joshua and the nation of Israel. -* **Sihon** - This is the name of a man. The name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Og** - This is the name of a man. The name of the defeated king of Bashan. -* **the Jordan** - This is a shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Heshbon** - This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. -* **Ashtaroth** - This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. +This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heshbon + +This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Og + +This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ashtaroth + +This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/11.md b/jos/09/11.md index 1d598ee1b1..7f69cef552 100644 --- a/jos/09/11.md +++ b/jos/09/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in your hand -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This phrase means "take with you." Here the word "hand" represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# meet them and say to them -* Gibeonits continue to deceive the nation of Israel. -* **in your hand** - This phrase means "take with you". Here the word "hand" represents a whole person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **meet them; say to them** - The word "them refers to the people of Israel. -* **wineskins** - a leather bag or bottle made to contain and carry wine. +The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/14.md b/jos/09/14.md index 31ee492de4..60094e70e2 100644 --- a/jos/09/14.md +++ b/jos/09/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The leaders of the people also made a vow to them. -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the people -* The Gibeonites succeed in deceiving the nation of Israel. -* **Joshua made peace with them and made a solemn promise secured with blood, to let them live. The leaders of Israel also made a vow to them** - These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. AT:"Joshua and the leaders of Israel made a blood covenant with the people of Gibeon." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **a solemn promise secured with blood** - This is a promise of blood for blood, or life for life that the people of Israel would not kill and was agreed to by an oath, using the name of Yahweh. -* **the people** - Here this refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here this refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/16.md b/jos/09/16.md index cdda7f60fc..910f43d83b 100644 --- a/jos/09/16.md +++ b/jos/09/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# third day -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +This refers to number three in order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Kephirah -* The nation of Israel finds out that Gibeon tricked them. -* **third day** - This refers to number three in order. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Chephirah** - one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Beeroth** - The name of a place. -* **Kirjath Jearim** - Name means city of woods or forests. +This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Beeroth + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kiriath Jearim + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/18.md b/jos/09/18.md index 52c0111808..7a10e55510 100644 --- a/jos/09/18.md +++ b/jos/09/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the people -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] - -## translationNotes - -* Israel must keep their oath with Gibeon. -* ** the people** - Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel. +Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/20.md b/jos/09/20.md index b5bbeea6a4..a079f90db5 100644 --- a/jos/09/20.md +++ b/jos/09/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the Gibeonites became cutters of wood and drawers of water -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] - -## translationNotes - -* The nation of Israel keeps their promise and lets the Gibeonites live. +"the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/22.md b/jos/09/22.md index 0583bd50b8..97cdffab44 100644 --- a/jos/09/22.md +++ b/jos/09/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# house of my God -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] - -## translationNotes - -* **house of my God** - Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/24.md b/jos/09/24.md index 6fb26910a7..cfd761a0f7 100644 --- a/jos/09/24.md +++ b/jos/09/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Whatever seems good and right -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Whatever seems good and right** - The words "good" and "right" mean basically the same thing. AT: "Whatever seems fair and just" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The words "good" and "right" mean basically the same thing. AT: "Whatever seems fair and just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/26.md b/jos/09/26.md index 4dfb6af80f..e67bfe70f7 100644 --- a/jos/09/26.md +++ b/jos/09/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# for them -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +The word "them" here refers to the Gibeonites. -## translationNotes +# to this day -* **for them** - The word "them" here refers to the Gibeonites. +"even up to now." This means that the people had continued to do these things even up to the day that the writer was living. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/intro.md b/jos/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..10139d2315 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Joshua 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's mistake ##### + +Israel was deceived because "they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance." Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/01.md b/jos/10/01.md index e406d1118d..5a6f781266 100644 --- a/jos/10/01.md +++ b/jos/10/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek. -## translationNotes +# Adoni-Zedek -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adonizedek. -* **Adonizedek** - This is the male name of an important king (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/03.md b/jos/10/03.md index 349b4987fb..13c37f6dc9 100644 --- a/jos/10/03.md +++ b/jos/10/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hoham ... Piram ... Japhia ... Debir -* **Jarmuth** - A town in the low country of Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Lachish** - Is generally regarded as the second most important city in the southern kingdom of Judah. -* **Eglon** - A town of Judah in the low country, known as the "city of palm trees". -* **Hoham, Piram, Japhia, and Debir** - These are male names of kings (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Come up to me** - AT:"travel to were I am" +These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Come up to me + +"Travel to where I am." Jerusalem was higher in elevation than other cities in Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/05.md b/jos/10/05.md index 2440762c2e..97066582d5 100644 --- a/jos/10/05.md +++ b/jos/10/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# five kings -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +"5 kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon -* There are no translation notes in this chunk. +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They set up their positions against Gibeon + +This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/06.md b/jos/10/06.md index 5d940a40cb..18082bff04 100644 --- a/jos/10/06.md +++ b/jos/10/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They said -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The word "They" here refers to Gibeonites. -## translationNotes +# Do not withdraw your hands from your servants -* ** they said** - the word "they" here refers to Gibeonites. -* **Do not withdraw your hands** - The word "hands" here refers to the people of Israel's strength, promised to the Gibeonites through the previous vow. AT: "keep and protect us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This humble request is stated with two negatives to emphasize the need for a positive action. AT: "Please come and use your strength to protect us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# your hands + +The word "hands" here refers to the people of Israel's strength. AT: "your strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/08.md b/jos/10/08.md index 91f0d318da..1cdd2cb008 100644 --- a/jos/10/08.md +++ b/jos/10/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I have given them into your hand -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +Here "hand" represents the people of Israel's strength and their ability to defeat their enemy. The word "them" refers to the attacking army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I have given them -* **I have given them into your hand** - Here "hand" represents the people of Israel's strength and their ability to defeat their enemy. The word "them" refers to the attacking army. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the word "them" refers to the attacking armies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/09.md b/jos/10/09.md index 02cb8ddb77..4972d40a9e 100644 --- a/jos/10/09.md +++ b/jos/10/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Joshua came -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh confused the enemy before Israel -* **Joshua came** - The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Beth Horon** - Means "house of the hollow" or "of the cavern". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Azekah... Makkedah** - These are the names of a places +Here "Israel" refers to the entire army of Israel. + +# Beth Horon ... Azekah ... Makkedah + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/11.md b/jos/10/11.md index e0cdf674c5..a0a431ea34 100644 --- a/jos/10/11.md +++ b/jos/10/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Horon ... Azekah -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# threw large stones down from heaven -* **threw large stones down from the sky** - AT: "large hailstones Yahweh threw from the sky." +"threw large hailstones from the sky" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/12.md b/jos/10/12.md index 25269a2a23..fee2380370 100644 --- a/jos/10/12.md +++ b/jos/10/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Sun ... moon -* **Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon** - Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Valley of Aijalon** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Joshua commands the sun and moon as if these were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Valley of Aijalon + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/13.md b/jos/10/13.md index f52ea24ef9..e7c86fbc6a 100644 --- a/jos/10/13.md +++ b/jos/10/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the nation -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Is this not written in The Book of Jashar? -* **the nation** - This refers to the people of Israel. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Is this not written in the Book of Jashar?** - AT: "This is written in the Book of Jashar." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The writer uses this question as background information to remind the reader that the incident is well-documented. AT: "This is written in The Book of Jashar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/15.md b/jos/10/15.md index 8fa834e7da..28d4a77643 100644 --- a/jos/10/15.md +++ b/jos/10/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Makkedah -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# It was told to Joshua -* **Makkedah** - The name means “a place of shepherds”. A chief city of the Canaanites. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Messengers came and told Joshua. AT: "Someone told Joshua" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/18.md b/jos/10/18.md index 0aa7013ae3..d4b5113663 100644 --- a/jos/10/18.md +++ b/jos/10/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# into your hand -* [[en:tw:joshua]] - -## translationNotes - -* **into your hand** - The phrase "your hand" here means "your control." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The phrase "your hand" here means "your control." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/20.md b/jos/10/20.md index 01238a1f78..cc06a68a7a 100644 --- a/jos/10/20.md +++ b/jos/10/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Makkedah -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +Translate the same way as you did in [Joshua 10:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# No one dared to say one word against -* **Makkedah** - Translate the same way as you did in [[en:bible:notes:jos:10:09]] (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"No one dared to say anything against" or "No one dared to complain or protest against" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/22.md b/jos/10/22.md index 169252427a..2cdf62f171 100644 --- a/jos/10/22.md +++ b/jos/10/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Open the mouth of the cave -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Here "mouth" is an idiom that means "entrance." AT: "Open the entrance of the cave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon -* **Jarmuth... Lachish... Eglon** - These are the names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/24.md b/jos/10/24.md index 496893d303..b5a5ceab65 100644 --- a/jos/10/24.md +++ b/jos/10/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# every man of Israel -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] - -## translationNotes - -* **every man of Israel** - every soldier of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the men of Israel represent only those who were soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/26.md b/jos/10/26.md index ababf2c18b..d3b001a174 100644 --- a/jos/10/26.md +++ b/jos/10/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# to this very day -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] - -## translationNotes - -* **cave** - a hollow place within the earth -* **to this very day** - AT: "are still there" +"until the author wrote this story" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/28.md b/jos/10/28.md index 9ccd8637b0..0dd02007be 100644 --- a/jos/10/28.md +++ b/jos/10/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Makkedah -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Joshua 10:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# He completely destroyed them and every living creature there. He left no survivors. -* **He completely destroyed them and every living creature there. He left no survivors.** - The second sentence summarizes the first sentence to emphasize that he left no person or animal alive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The second sentence summarizes the first sentence to emphasize that Joshua left no person or animal alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/29.md b/jos/10/29.md index 9891809f4e..9cecb4dc84 100644 --- a/jos/10/29.md +++ b/jos/10/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Libnah -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# gave it into the hand of Israel -* **Libnah** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **gave it into the hand of Israel** - Here "hand" means "control of." AT: "gave control of it to Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "hand" means "control of." AT: "gave control of it to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/31.md b/jos/10/31.md index c5f9440141..7eee9bcd6b 100644 --- a/jos/10/31.md +++ b/jos/10/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Libnah ... Lachish -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# into the hand of Israel -* **Lachish and Libnah** - These are the names of important cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **into the hand of Israel** - This phrase means "giving control to the nation of Israel." AT: "Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here their "hand" represents their control. AT: "Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/33.md b/jos/10/33.md index 6303aca836..3e4e4175d7 100644 --- a/jos/10/33.md +++ b/jos/10/33.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Horam -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Gezer ... Lachish -* **Horam** - This is the male name of a king (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gezer** - A Canaanite city-state in the foothills of the Judaean Mountains. +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/34.md b/jos/10/34.md index 882ea8738b..6490ff45a1 100644 --- a/jos/10/34.md +++ b/jos/10/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Lachish ... Eglon -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# struck it with the sword ... completely destroyed everyone in it -* **Eglon** - A town of Judah in the low country, known as the "city of palm trees". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **attacked with the sword and killed** - These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases have similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/36.md b/jos/10/36.md index 513a005ff5..e8eeef2432 100644 --- a/jos/10/36.md +++ b/jos/10/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Eglon -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Joshua 10:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# They captured it and struck with the sword -* **They killed every living creature in it, leaving no survivors... He completely destroyed it, and every living creature in it.** - These two sentence are saying basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Together they emphasize the completeness of the destruction of Hebron. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. AT: "They captured and killed and destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They completely destroyed every living creature in it, leaving no survivors ... He completely destroyed it, and every living creature in it. + +These two sentence are saying basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Together they emphasize the completeness of the destruction of Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/38.md b/jos/10/38.md index 26af146e79..f62a209a18 100644 --- a/jos/10/38.md +++ b/jos/10/38.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Debir ... Libnah -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# They struck them with the sword -* **Debir** - This is the names of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. AT: "They killed and destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/40.md b/jos/10/40.md index 64d3e1e571..c0cdb8ebd5 100644 --- a/jos/10/40.md +++ b/jos/10/40.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Of all their kings he left not one survivor. He completely destroyed every living thing -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goshen]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh's command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Joshua struck them with the sword -* **Of all their kings he left not one survivor. He completely destroyed every living thing** - These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh's command. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. AT: "Joshua killed and destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/42.md b/jos/10/42.md index 7ffdb6e25c..cef8145719 100644 --- a/jos/10/42.md +++ b/jos/10/42.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Joshua captured all these kings and their land -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +This refers to the kings and lands that were listed beginning in [Joshua 10:28](./28.md). -## translationNotes +# Joshua captured -* **returned to the camp** - AT: went back to the camp +Here Joshua represents his whole army. AT: "Joshua and his soldiers captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# at one time + +This does not mean in one day. It means during one military campaign, which may have lasted many days or weeks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/intro.md b/jos/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e6f38b95ed --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Joshua 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended or important quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:12-13, which is a quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel" ##### +Israel's conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh's war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel's war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: "Do not withdraw your hands," meaning "do not stop protecting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/01.md b/jos/11/01.md index 32ae8d07c0..6243fb5782 100644 --- a/jos/11/01.md +++ b/jos/11/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jabin ... Jobab -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] +These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hazor ... Madon ... Shimron ... Akshaph ... Kinnereth ... Naphoth Dor ... Mount Hermon -* **Jabin... Jobab** - These are the male names of kings (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hazor... Mason... Shimron... Acshaph... Chinneroth... Dor... Mount Hermon** - These are the names of places. +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/04.md b/jos/11/04.md index cb55f843e8..bddf579888 100644 --- a/jos/11/04.md +++ b/jos/11/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +All the Canaanite kings attack Joshua and the nation of Israel. -## translationNotes +# a great number of soldiers, in number like the sand on the seashore -* All the Canaanite kings attack Joshua and the nation of Israel. -* **like the sand on the seashore** - This is deliberate exaggeration. AT: "a very great many" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Merom** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +No one can count the grains of sand on the seashore. This exaggeration emphasizes the very large number of soldiers that these kings assembled. AT: "such a great number of soldiers that there appeared to be as many of them as there are grains of sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Merom + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/06.md b/jos/11/06.md index 3bbc3ef048..24ee6f0c89 100644 --- a/jos/11/06.md +++ b/jos/11/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am giving them all to Israel as dead men -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh enabling Israel to conquer the enemy army and kill all of the soldiers is spoken of as if Yahweh killed the soldiers and then gave them to Israel. AT: "I will enable Israel to kill all of them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# hamstring their horses -* **I am giving them all to Israel as dead men** - Yahweh is assuring the nation of Israel that the enemy armies will be made powerless before them, so that they will be defeated. -* **hamstring their horses** - This is a practices where the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk or run. AT: "cut the legs of the horses to disable them." -* **Merom** - This is the name of a place (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"cripple their horses by cutting their legs." This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk. + +# Merom + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/08.md b/jos/11/08.md index 860934b335..5b38668e7c 100644 --- a/jos/11/08.md +++ b/jos/11/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:mizpah]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here the word "hand" represents power. Yahweh enabling the army of Israel to conquer their enemy is spoken of as if Yahweh had put the enemy army into Israel's hand. AT: "Yahweh enabled Israel to conquer the enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# struck them with the sword ... struck them -* **gave the enemy into the hand of Israel** - Here the word "hand" represents control. Also, "Israel" is a shortened name for the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **attacked them with the sword** - attacked them with weapons (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Misrephothmaim** - this is the name of a place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here the word "sword" represents all of the weapons that they used to attack their enemies. AT: "attacked them with their weapons ... attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Misrephoth Maim + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# hamstrung + +This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. See how you translated this word in [Joshua 11:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/10.md b/jos/11/10.md index d30e681495..33c16bd942 100644 --- a/jos/11/10.md +++ b/jos/11/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He struck its king with the sword -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword" -## translationNotes +# Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms -* **He struck its king with the sword** - This a more polite way to say "killed." AT: "Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Hazor** - This is the name of the most prominent city of all of the enemy armies (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They attacked with the sword every living creature that was there... so there was not any living creature left alive** - These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. AT: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They struck with the sword every living creature that was there ... so there was not any living creature left alive + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he set them apart to be destroyed + +The word "he" refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. AT: "the army completely destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/12.md b/jos/11/12.md index 0c0ce5a242..0f58c44448 100644 --- a/jos/11/12.md +++ b/jos/11/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# struck them with the sword -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +"killed them" -## translationNotes +# cities built on mounds -* No translation notes in this chunk. +"cities built on small hills" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/14.md b/jos/11/14.md index e30a333d9f..d75753b39a 100644 --- a/jos/11/14.md +++ b/jos/11/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for themselves -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# They killed every human being with the sword until all were dead. They left no living creature alive. -* **for themselves** - This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **They killed every human being with the sword until all were dead. They left no living creature alive.** - These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He left nothing undone of all that Yahweh commanded Moses to do + +This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. AT: "Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/16.md b/jos/11/16.md index d551d57a12..57fef2d723 100644 --- a/jos/11/16.md +++ b/jos/11/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Mount Halak ... Baal Gad -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:goshen]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Mount Halak... Baalgad... Mount Hermon** - These are the names of a places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/18.md b/jos/11/18.md index f3a9342de3..0f34a57a9a 100644 --- a/jos/11/18.md +++ b/jos/11/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# it was Yahweh who hardened their hearts -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] - -## translationNotes - -* **hardened their hearts** - This is describing the human heart as hard like a stone: meaning stubborn and unfeeling. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh causing the people of the cities to be stubborn is spoken of as if Yahweh had hardened their hearts. AT: "it was Yahweh who caused them to act stubbornly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/21.md b/jos/11/21.md index 5caf52b171..2945a233cb 100644 --- a/jos/11/21.md +++ b/jos/11/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Anakim -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +These are the descendants of Anak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Debir ... Anab -* **Anakim** - These are the descendants of Anak. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Debir... Anab** - These are the names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/23.md b/jos/11/23.md index aa4708bd36..fc3a12c82d 100644 --- a/jos/11/23.md +++ b/jos/11/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. AT: "Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the land had rest from the wars -* **inheritance to Israel** - The word "Israel" here refers to the nation of Israel as a whole. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the land had rest from the wars** - The "land" here "had rest" like a person. AT: "Canaan did not have wars for a while." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. AT: "the people no longer fought wars in the land" or "there was peace in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/intro.md b/jos/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b7597b0e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Joshua 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms ##### + +Yahweh said to Joshua, "Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men." Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### "Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel" ##### +This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel's victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/01.md b/jos/12/01.md index 70e65b6bb8..e92a42bfe7 100644 --- a/jos/12/01.md +++ b/jos/12/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer begins to provide background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# these are the kings -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here [the narrator] tells background information about … (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **these are the kings** - Refers to the listing of kings continuing through verse 24. -* **the Jordan** - A shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Arnon** - This is the name of a river. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hermon** - Translate the same way as noted in [[en:bible:notes:jos:11:16]] -* **Arabah** - This is the name of a place. -* **Heshbon** - Translate the same way as noted in [[en:bible:notes:jos:09:09]]. -* **Aroer** - This is the name of a place. -* **Jabbok** - This is the name of a place -* **Sihon** - The male name of a king. (See note at [[en:bible:notes:jos:09:09]]) +This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24. + +# Arabah ... Aroer + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sihon ... Heshbon + +See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/03.md b/jos/12/03.md index bedfba67cc..ced59bdcf8 100644 --- a/jos/12/03.md +++ b/jos/12/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Sea of Kinnereth -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea]] +This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/01.md). -## translationNotes +# Beth Jeshimoth ... Mount Pisgah ... Ashtaroth ... Edrei ... Salekah -* **Sihon** - The name of defeated Amorite king. Translate the same way as [[en:bible:notes:jos:02:10]] (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Og** - The name of defeated king of Bashan. Translate the same way as in [[en:bible:notes:jos:02:10]]. -* **the Rephaim** - This is the name of a people group. -* **the Arabah** - This is the name of a place. Translate the same way as in [[en:bible:notes:jos:03:14]]. -* **Sea of Chinneroth** - This is a place. Translate the same way as in [[en:bible:notes:jos:11:01]]. -* **Bethjeshimoth** - This is the name of a place. -* **Mount Pisgah** - This is the name of a place. -* **Ashtoroth** - This is the name of a place. Translate the same way as in [[en:bible:notes:jos:09:09]]. -* **Edrei** - This is the name of a place. -* **Salecah and Maacathites** - These are names of places. -* **Heshbon** - This is the name of a place. Translate the same way as in [[en:bible:notes:jos:12:01]]. +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Og, king of Bashan + +See how you translated this man's name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/09.md). + +# the Rephaim ... Maacathites + +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/06.md b/jos/12/06.md index bc09a04f3e..99eed856aa 100644 --- a/jos/12/06.md +++ b/jos/12/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Reubenites -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +These are the descendants of Reuben. -## translationNotes +# Gadites -* **Reubenites** - These are the descendants of Reuben. -* **Gadites** - These are the descendants of Gad. -* **half tribe of Manasseh** - They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan. +These are the descendants of Gad. + +# half tribe of Manasseh + +They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/07.md b/jos/12/07.md index 13b82c0278..cc24010aa1 100644 --- a/jos/12/07.md +++ b/jos/12/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Baal Gad ... Mount Halak ... Arabah -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the Jordan** - A shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Baalgad, Mount Halak, Arabah** - These are the names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/09.md b/jos/12/09.md index 443eb79f1b..f486cc800d 100644 --- a/jos/12/09.md +++ b/jos/12/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Enaim ... Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon ... Gezer -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Enaim** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jarmuth** - This is the name of a city. Translate the same way as in [[en:bible:notes:jos:10:03]]. -* **Lachish** - An important city. Translate the same way as in [[en:bible:notes:jos:10:03]]. -* **Eglon** - This is the name of a city. Translate the same way as in [[en:bible:notes:jos:10:03]]. -* **Gezer** - A Canaanite city-state in the foothills of the Judaean Mountains. +These are the names of cities. Translate "Jarmuth," "Lachish," and "Eglon" in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/13.md b/jos/12/13.md index afdbde0743..d9698a098a 100644 --- a/jos/12/13.md +++ b/jos/12/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Debir ... Geder ... Hormah ... Arad ... Libnah ... Adullam ... Makkedah -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethel|Bethel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Debir... Gender... Hormuz... Brad... Libnah... Adullam... Makkedah** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/17.md b/jos/12/17.md index b7a620484e..344fa7dd2a 100644 --- a/jos/12/17.md +++ b/jos/12/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Tappuah ... Hepher ... Aphek ... Lasharon ... Madon ... Hazor ... Shimron Meron ... Akshaph -* [[en:tw:king]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Tappuah... Heifer... Aphid... Lassharon... Mason... Razor... Shimron Meron... Akshaph** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/21.md b/jos/12/21.md index 9b6dd39eb9..88ace62d37 100644 --- a/jos/12/21.md +++ b/jos/12/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Taanach ... Megiddo ... Kedesh ... Jokneam ... Dor ... Goyim ... Tirzah -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# thirty-one in all -* **Taanach... Megiddo... Jokneam... Dor... Naphtha Dor... Goyim... Tirzah** - These are the names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **thirty-one in all** - one in all** - the number of kings in a list (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"31 in all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/intro.md b/jos/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d5d4cd03f --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Joshua 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations or lists. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:2-5, which is an extended list. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/01.md b/jos/13/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0ad40604f9..0000000000 --- a/jos/13/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **old and well along in years** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Joshua's old age. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **old and advanced in years** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Joshua's old age. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) diff --git a/jos/13/02.md b/jos/13/02.md index 3a3caa6f09..e1739f5c34 100644 --- a/jos/13/02.md +++ b/jos/13/02.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the land that still remains -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:ashkelon]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. AT: "This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Shihor -* **Shihor** - place name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Awites** - a people group (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# which is considered property of the Canaanites + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which the Canaanites now consider their property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Avvites + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/04.md b/jos/13/04.md index c2f69a8449..8b0cc51fb4 100644 --- a/jos/13/04.md +++ b/jos/13/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Arah ... Aphek ... Baal Gad ... Mount Hermon -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Gebalites -* **Mearah … Aphek … Baal Gad … Mount Hermon** - names of places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gebalites** - name of a people group who lived in Geba ([[:en:bible:notes:jos:18:21]]) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a people group who lived in Geba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/06.md b/jos/13/06.md index 4c597078a0..fd185177f7 100644 --- a/jos/13/06.md +++ b/jos/13/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Misrephoth Maim -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +this is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# land ... as an inheritance -* **Misrephoth Maim** - place name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The land that Israel will claim is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they will receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/08.md b/jos/13/08.md index db930cc5e5..234cbf400b 100644 --- a/jos/13/08.md +++ b/jos/13/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Aroer ... Medeba ... Dibon -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# gorge -* **Aroer ... Arnon River ... Medeba ... Dibon** - names of cities or rivers (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **gorge** - place where the river is far below the land on the sides -* **plateau** - flat land high above rivers +a place where the river is far below the land on the sides + +# plateau + +flat land high above rivers \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/10.md b/jos/13/10.md index e0f055a32f..1792b7af82 100644 --- a/jos/13/10.md +++ b/jos/13/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Heshbon ... Salekah ... Ashtaroth ... Edrei -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the region of the Geshurites and Maacathites -* **Sihon ... Og** - names of kings (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Heshbon ... Salecah ... Ashtaroth ... Edrei** - names of places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Maacathites ... Rephaim** - names of people groups (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **region of the Geshurites** - "land where the Geshurites lived" +"the land where the Geshurites and Maacathites lived" + +# Maacathites ... Rephaim + +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Moses struck them + +Here "Moses" represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. AT: "Moses and the Israelites attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/13.md b/jos/13/13.md index 4c464cc1c8..388715a0a4 100644 --- a/jos/13/13.md +++ b/jos/13/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the Geshurites or the Maacathites -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:geshur]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Geshur and Maacath live among Israel -* **Maacath** - a people group named for a place (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **to this day** - until the time the book was written +"Geshur" and "Maacath" are either the names of the ancestors of "the Geshurites" and "the Maacathites" or are the names of the cities in which they lived. AT: "those people live among Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to this day + +This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/14.md b/jos/13/14.md index 05b6accbdc..feb6f85da7 100644 --- a/jos/13/14.md +++ b/jos/13/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses gave no inheritance -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The offerings of Yahweh ... are their inheritance -* **offerings of Yahweh** - "the offerings the people were to bring to Yahweh" +The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if the offerings were something that they would inherit. AT: "The offerings of Yahweh ... are what they will have for their provision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# offerings of Yahweh + +"offerings that the people were to bring to Yahweh" + +# made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the priests burned with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/15.md b/jos/13/15.md index 67ac02e7d5..ce2079933c 100644 --- a/jos/13/15.md +++ b/jos/13/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Aroer ... Medeba -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# gorge ... plateau -* **Aroer ... Arnon ... Medeba** - names of a place (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **gorge ... plateau** - See how you translated these words in [[:en:bible:notes:jos:13:08]]. +See how you translated these words in [Joshua 13:9](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/17.md b/jos/13/17.md index 69a141ef18..6e369a5d83 100644 --- a/jos/13/17.md +++ b/jos/13/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Heshbon ... Dibon ... Bamoth Baal ... Beth Baal Meon ... Jahaz ... Kedemoth ... Mephaath ... Kiriathaim ... Sibmah ... Zereth Shahar -* [[en:tw:baal]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Heshbon ... Dibon ... Bamoth Baal ... Beth Baalmeon ... Jahaz ... Kedemoth ... Mephaath ... Kiriathaim ... Sibmah ... Zerethshahar** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **plateau** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jos:13:08]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/20.md b/jos/13/20.md index 0af2601f7e..e7598b7caa 100644 --- a/jos/13/20.md +++ b/jos/13/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Peor ... Pisgah ... Beth Jeshimoth ... Heshbon -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Sihon ... Evi ... Rekem ... Zur ... Hur ... Reba -* **Beth Peor ... Pisgah ... Beth Jeshimoth ... Heshbon** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Sihon ... Evi ... Rekem ... Zur ... Hur ... Reba** - names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **plateau** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:jos:13:08]] +These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# together with the leaders of Midian + +"as he had defeated the leaders of Midian" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/22.md b/jos/13/22.md index ac37045c64..3c14796559 100644 --- a/jos/13/22.md +++ b/jos/13/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# this is their boundary -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:balaam|Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The Jordan River was the western border of the land that the tribe of Reuben received. -## translationNotes +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Reuben -* **Beor** - Balaam's father (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **this is their boundary** - The Jordan River was the western border of the land. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **This was the inheritance** - The area described in [[:en:bible:notes:jos:13:15]] was the inheritance. +The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Reuben is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Reuben received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# given to each of their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Moses gave to each of their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/24.md b/jos/13/24.md index 2def3e4e9b..a0ed132309 100644 --- a/jos/13/24.md +++ b/jos/13/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Jazer ... Aroer ... Heshbon ... Ramath Mizpah ... Betonim ... Mahanaim ... Debir -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:rabbah]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Jazer ... Aroer ... Heshbon ... Ramath Mizpeh ... Betonim ... Mahanaim ... Debir** - names of places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/27.md b/jos/13/27.md index a52c39b7b2..fea32d67a5 100644 --- a/jos/13/27.md +++ b/jos/13/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Haram ... Beth Nimrah ... Zaphon ... Heshbon -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:succoth]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# This is the inheritance of the tribe of Gad -* **Beth Haram ... Beth Nimrah ... Zaphon ... Heshbon ... Sea of Chinneroth** - names of places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **This is the inheritance** - The area described in [[:en:bible:notes:jos:13:24]] was the inheritance. +The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Gad is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Gad received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/29.md b/jos/13/29.md index 6d84fd31e5..117fad194e 100644 --- a/jos/13/29.md +++ b/jos/13/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses gave an inheritance to the half tribe of Manasseh -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] +The land that Moses assigned to the half tribe of Manasseh is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he gave to them as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# half tribe of Manasseh -* **half-tribe of Manasseh** - tribe of Manasseh** - Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before going across the Jordan River. -* **Mahanaim ... Jair ... Ashtaroth** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Machir** - man's name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Only half of the tribe received this land because the other half received land on the other side of the Jordan River. + +# It was assigned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses assigned it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Mahanaim ... Jair ... Ashtaroth ... Edrei + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These were assigned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses assigned these" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Machir + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/32.md b/jos/13/32.md index 02aa3deded..c812f81154 100644 --- a/jos/13/32.md +++ b/jos/13/32.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the inheritance that Moses assigned to them -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. AT: "This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh, the God of Israel, is their inheritance -* **This is the inheritance** - The area described in [[:en:bible:notes:jos:13:29]] was the inheritance. -* **plains** - a large area of flat land with few trees +The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. AT: "Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/intro.md b/jos/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eacc5ca26c --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Joshua 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Division of the land ##### + +There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32. + +##### Driving out the people ##### + +While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel's success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/01.md b/jos/14/01.md index 84ab0e3b48..0bad7bc152 100644 --- a/jos/14/01.md +++ b/jos/14/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the areas of land that the people of Israel received as their inheritance -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# assigned to them by Eleazar the priest, by Joshua son of Nun, and by the tribal leaders of their ancestors' families within the people of Israel -* **tribal leaders** - AT "leaders of the tribes" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the tribal leaders of their ancestors' families within the people of Israel assigned to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tribal leaders + +"leaders of the tribes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/02.md b/jos/14/02.md index 6f227abd37..487203671a 100644 --- a/jos/14/02.md +++ b/jos/14/02.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Their inheritance was selected by lot -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# by the hand of Moses -* **nine and one half ... two and one half** - See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] -* **portion** - AT: "part" -* **pastureland** - fields of grass for the livestock to eat -* **material resources** - physical things they needed so they could provide for their families +Here the word "hand" refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. AT: "through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Moses had given the inheritance of the two and one-half tribes beyond the Jordan, but to the Levites he gave no inheritance + +The land that Moses gave to the tribes is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The Levites were given no portion of the inheritance in the land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "And Moses did not give a portion of the inheritance to the Levites in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# portion + +"part" + +# but only certain cities to live in + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "but he gave to them only certain cities to live in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# pasturelands + +fields of grass for the livestock to eat + +# material resources + +physical things they needed so they could provide for their families \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/06.md b/jos/14/06.md index 411762c500..1c6c33a16e 100644 --- a/jos/14/06.md +++ b/jos/14/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Jephunneh -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Kenizzite -* **Jephunneh** - man's name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kenizzite** - name of a people group (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I brought him a report again as it was in my heart to make + +Here the word "heart" represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. AT: "I brought back to him an honest report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/08.md b/jos/14/08.md index 8f8b45e495..c1a8289d43 100644 --- a/jos/14/08.md +++ b/jos/14/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# made the heart of the people melt with fear -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. AT: "made the people very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I completely followed Yahweh -* **heart of the people melt with fear** - "people of Israel to be very afraid" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **completely followed Yahweh my God** - "done everything that Yahweh my God told you to do" +Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. AT: "I remained loyal to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land ... will be an inheritance for you and for your children forever + +The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land on which your foot has walked + +Here "your foot" represents Caleb. AT: "the land on which you have walked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/10.md b/jos/14/10.md index ec124f4046..e0b8652267 100644 --- a/jos/14/10.md +++ b/jos/14/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# look -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means "listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. -## translationNotes +# while Israel walked in the wilderness -* **look** - AT: “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **My strength is now as my strength was then** - AT: "I am still as strong as I was then" -* **for going and coming** - "for the things I do every day" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness" + +# My strength is now as my strength was then + +"I am still as strong now as I was then" + +# for going and coming + +This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. AT: "for the things I do every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/12.md b/jos/14/12.md index a48444789a..96265a3d1a 100644 --- a/jos/14/12.md +++ b/jos/14/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# hill country -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain. -## translationNotes +# Anakim -* **hill country** - Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains (see UDB) or 2) one mountain. -* **Anakim** - a people group (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/13.md b/jos/14/13.md index d21f11c263..0c3d073428 100644 --- a/jos/14/13.md +++ b/jos/14/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] +Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to this day -* **to this day** - until the time the writer wrote the book -* **Kiriath Arba** - place name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. + +# he completely followed Yahweh + +Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. AT: "he remained loyal to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Kiriath Arba + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Then the land had rest from war + +The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). AT: "Then the people no longer fought wars in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/intro.md b/jos/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20debffadf --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Joshua 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Drive them out ##### +The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/01.md b/jos/15/01.md index e4e44ee4e4..7c2e8abe46 100644 --- a/jos/15/01.md +++ b/jos/15/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Zin -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This is the name of the wilderness area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# from the end of the Salt Sea, from the bay that faces to the south -* **Zin** - place name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the farthest point** - "as far as anyone can go" -* **bay** - smaller part of the sea that extends into the land -* **that faces to the south** - "that one enters from the south" +"from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea." These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins. + +# from the bay that faces to the south + +"from the bay that extends to the south" or "from the southern bay" + +# bay + +smaller part of the sea that extends into the land \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/03.md b/jos/15/03.md index 48c0eee254..e434c8c578 100644 --- a/jos/15/03.md +++ b/jos/15/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Their boundary -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] +"The border of the land belonging to the tribe of Judah" -## translationNotes +# Akrabbim ... Zin ... Hezron ... Addar ... Karka ... Azmon -* **Their boundary** - "The border of the land belonging to the tribe of Judah" -* **Akrabbim ... Zin ... Hezron ... Addar ... Karka ... Azmon** - names of places (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Brook of Egypt** - a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land of promise, near Egypt (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# brook of Egypt + +a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land, near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/05.md b/jos/15/05.md index 33128fd1ca..5e582c0374 100644 --- a/jos/15/05.md +++ b/jos/15/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# at the mouth of the Jordan -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea]] +The point at which the river empties into the sea is spoken of as if it were the mouth of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# border ... ran -* **border ... ran** - "border ... was" -* **mouth of the Jordan** - where the Jordan River flows into the Salt Sea -* **Beth Hoglah ... Beth Arabah ... Stone of Bohan** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"border ... was" + +# Beth Hoglah ... Beth Arabah + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Stone of Bohan + +This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/07.md b/jos/15/07.md index a27c527376..c40953a176 100644 --- a/jos/15/07.md +++ b/jos/15/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Debir ... the Valley of Achor ... the hill of Adummim ... En Shemesh ... En Rogel ... the Valley of Ben Hinnom ... the Valley of Rephaim -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:gilgal]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Debir ... Valley of Rephaim** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/09.md b/jos/15/09.md index 2beb3b8cb7..6e7bad8d8c 100644 --- a/jos/15/09.md +++ b/jos/15/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Nephtoah ... Mount Ephron ... Baalah ... Kiriath Jearim ... Mount Seir ... Mount Jearim ... Kesalon ... Beth Shemesh ... Timnah - -## translationNotes - -* **Nephtoah ... Mount Ephron ... Baalah ... Kiriath Jearim ... Mount Seir ... Mount Jearim ... Kesalon ... Beth Shemesh ... Timnah** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/11.md b/jos/15/11.md index 80b8300c5b..7670d2fadb 100644 --- a/jos/15/11.md +++ b/jos/15/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Shikkeron ... Mount Baalah ... Jabneel -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Shikkeron ... Mount Baalah ... Jabneel** - names of places (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **coastline** - where land meets an ocean or a lake +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/13.md b/jos/15/13.md index b5c968b864..ed24f638dd 100644 --- a/jos/15/13.md +++ b/jos/15/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Kiriath Arba ... Debir ... Kiriath Sepher -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Arba ... Anak ... Sheshai ... Ahiman ... Talmai -* **Kiriath Arba ... Kiriath Sepher** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Arba ... Anak ... Sheshai ... Ahiman ... Talmai** - names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **three tribes** - A counted number. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the three sons of Anak: Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai, descendants of Anak + +These names represent clans of people who were descendants of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The words "sons" and "descendants" in this context mean the same thing. AT: "the three clans, Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were descendants of Anak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He went up from there against + +"He went up from there to fight against" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/16.md b/jos/15/16.md index bae9b23586..e4e5c0e710 100644 --- a/jos/15/16.md +++ b/jos/15/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Kiriath Sepher -* [[en:tw:caleb]] +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Aksah -* **Kiriath Sepher** - place name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Achsah ... Othniel ... Kenaz** - names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Othniel ... Kenaz + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/18.md b/jos/15/18.md index 76186aee06..ddfa9995d8 100644 --- a/jos/15/18.md +++ b/jos/15/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Aksah came to Othniel -* [[en:tw:donkey]] +This is an idiom that refers to Aksah becoming Othniel's wife. AT: "when Aksah became Othniel's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# she urged him to ask her father for a field -* **ask her father for a field** - "request that her father give her a field" or "say to her father, 'Please give your daughter a field.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) +This can be translated as direct speech. AT: "she urged him, 'Ask my father to give me a field'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/19.md b/jos/15/19.md index e9f3f45e38..1423e8772f 100644 --- a/jos/15/19.md +++ b/jos/15/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the upper springs and lower springs -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] - -## translationNotes - -* **replied** - "answered, saying" -* **upper** - "higher" +The words "upper" and "lower" likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/20.md b/jos/15/20.md index 24dfc6b5ea..a396da61fb 100644 --- a/jos/15/20.md +++ b/jos/15/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Judah -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# given to their clans +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Joshua gave to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/21.md b/jos/15/21.md index 0902b91fbb..e65ea27432 100644 --- a/jos/15/21.md +++ b/jos/15/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:edom]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Kabzeel ... Bealoth** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer lists the southern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:32](./29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/25.md b/jos/15/25.md index 4c54652a30..86eedce3e4 100644 --- a/jos/15/25.md +++ b/jos/15/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Hazor ... Biziothiah** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The list of cities continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/29.md b/jos/15/29.md index d44b010ea0..86eedce3e4 100644 --- a/jos/15/29.md +++ b/jos/15/29.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: - -## translationNotes - -* **Baalah ... Rimmon** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The list of cities continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/33.md b/jos/15/33.md index 2d656f471a..71303c751c 100644 --- a/jos/15/33.md +++ b/jos/15/33.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* **Eshtaol ... Gederothaim** - names of cities (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer lists the northern cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/37.md b/jos/15/37.md index fbb53c382b..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/37.md +++ b/jos/15/37.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: - -## translationNotes - -* **Zenan ... Eglon** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/40.md b/jos/15/40.md index 94100e6b52..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/40.md +++ b/jos/15/40.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: - -## translationNotes - -* **Cabbon ... Makkedah** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/42.md b/jos/15/42.md index 6fe6a93bd1..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/42.md +++ b/jos/15/42.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: - -## translationNotes - -* **Libnah ... Mareshah** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/45.md b/jos/15/45.md index 6244852f4b..88e457bd54 100644 --- a/jos/15/45.md +++ b/jos/15/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# settlements -* **settlements** - places where many people live close together -* **Brook of Egypt** - a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land of promise near Egypt (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"villages" + +# brook of Egypt + +a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/48.md b/jos/15/48.md index 48dec3f8b8..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/48.md +++ b/jos/15/48.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:goshen]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Shamir ... Giloh** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/52.md b/jos/15/52.md index fe58a271ad..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/52.md +++ b/jos/15/52.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:hebron]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Arab ... Zior** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/55.md b/jos/15/55.md index a106eeffe2..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/55.md +++ b/jos/15/55.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Maon ... Timnah** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/58.md b/jos/15/58.md index b72f32b763..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/58.md +++ b/jos/15/58.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: - -## translationNotes - -* **Halhul ... Eltekon** - names of places (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/60.md b/jos/15/60.md index 2f17b7f200..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/60.md +++ b/jos/15/60.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desert]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Kiriath Baal ... En Gedi** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/63.md b/jos/15/63.md index fca75790b7..20466229cb 100644 --- a/jos/15/63.md +++ b/jos/15/63.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# to this day -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] - -## translationNotes - -* **to this day** - until the time the book was written +This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/intro.md b/jos/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6191652292 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Joshua 15 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/01.md b/jos/16/01.md index 358e7a31b0..0bf580128a 100644 --- a/jos/16/01.md +++ b/jos/16/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the tribe of Joseph -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The "tribe of Joseph" consisted of the tribes of Joseph's two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. AT: "the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Luz ... Ataroth -* **Luz ... Ataroth** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Archites** - name of a people group (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Arkites + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/03.md b/jos/16/03.md index e65c91b929..9be6661023 100644 --- a/jos/16/03.md +++ b/jos/16/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Japhletites -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Lower Beth Horon ... Gezer -* **Japhletites** - name of a people group (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Lower Beth Horon ... Gezer** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the tribes of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim + +"the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim, the sons of Joseph" + +# received their inheritance + +The land that the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "received this land as their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/05.md b/jos/16/05.md index 0e3cb9361d..ce04632d0d 100644 --- a/jos/16/05.md +++ b/jos/16/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The territory ... that was assigned to their clans -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The territory ... that Joshua assigned to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Ataroth Addar ... Upper Beth Horon ... Mikmethath ... Taanath Shiloh ... Janoah ... Naarah -* **Ataroth Addar ... Upper Beth Horon ... Michmethath ... Taanath Shiloh ... Janoah ... Naarah** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/08.md b/jos/16/08.md index 52560117c7..2fd0956859 100644 --- a/jos/16/08.md +++ b/jos/16/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Tappuah ... Kanah +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim -* **Tappuah ... Kanah** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The land that Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land that the tribe of Ephraim received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# assigned to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Joshua assigned to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the cities that were chosen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cities that Joshua had chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# within the inheritance of the tribe of Manasseh + +The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/10.md b/jos/16/10.md index d0fff8dadc..b932d8e20e 100644 --- a/jos/16/10.md +++ b/jos/16/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to this day -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] +This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. -## translationNotes +# these people were made to do forced labor -* **these people were made to do forced labor** - "the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves" -* **to this day** - until the time the book was written +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/intro.md b/jos/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d4c1bc61f --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Joshua 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Drive them out ##### +The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph's sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/01.md b/jos/17/01.md index 99e9d5b5dc..67b9d9198b 100644 --- a/jos/17/01.md +++ b/jos/17/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# firstborn and who himself was -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Here "himself" emphasizes that the same person—Makir—was the firstborn of Manasseh and was also the father of Gilead. AT: "firstborn; he was also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Makir ... Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida -* **firstborn and who himself was** - "firstborn; he was" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **Makir ... Abi Ezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida** - men's names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Makir's descendants were assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Land was assigned ... given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua assigned land ... and gave them to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/03.md b/jos/17/03.md index 8aa4fdb45d..51fe9e84cf 100644 --- a/jos/17/03.md +++ b/jos/17/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Zelophehad ... Hepher ... Eleazar -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah -* **Zelophehad ... Hepher ... Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah ... Eleazar** - names of people (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to give to us an inheritance + +The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. AT: "to give to us some land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he gave those women an inheritance + +Possible meanings are 1) "Joshua gave those women an inheritance" or 2) "Eleazar gave those women an inheritance." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/05.md b/jos/17/05.md index 97166de5d2..c6c2b1508a 100644 --- a/jos/17/05.md +++ b/jos/17/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ten parcels of land were assigned -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua assigned ten parcels of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Ten parcels +"Ten portions" + +# received an inheritance + +The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "received land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The land of Gilead was assigned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua assigned the land of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/07.md b/jos/17/07.md index 5f7c6ab752..d8f54f169e 100644 --- a/jos/17/07.md +++ b/jos/17/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# southward -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +"toward the south" -## translationNotes +# Mikmethath ... Tappuah -* **southward** - "toward the south" -* **Michmethath ... Tappuah** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/09.md b/jos/17/09.md index 264f5e76ce..66c0187ee4 100644 --- a/jos/17/09.md +++ b/jos/17/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The border -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] +"The border of Manasseh's land" -## translationNotes +# brook -* **The border** - "The border of Manasseh's land" -* **brook** - a very small river -* **Kanah** - name of a brook (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +a very small river + +# Kanah + +name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# On the north side Asher can be reached + +Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh's land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. AT: "Asher was on the north side" or "One can travel north to reach Asher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the east, Issachar + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "to the east, one can reach Issachar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/11.md b/jos/17/11.md index ad70473c0b..4d4eefb479 100644 --- a/jos/17/11.md +++ b/jos/17/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Shan ... Ibleam ... Dor ... Endor ... Taanach ... Megiddo ... Napheth -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Beth Shan … Ibleam … Dor … Endor … Taanach … Megiddo … Napheth** - names of places (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/13.md b/jos/17/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index e065099485..0000000000 --- a/jos/17/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/jos/17/14.md b/jos/17/14.md index 054600895d..213d144bc2 100644 --- a/jos/17/14.md +++ b/jos/17/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the descendants of Joseph -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] +This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Why have you given us only one ... Yahweh has blessed us? -* **portion** - part -* **people great in number** - AT: "many people" -* **Rephaim** - name of a people group (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh ask this question to emphasize that Joshua should have assigned to them more land. AT: "You should have given us more than one ... Yahweh has blessed us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# one assignment of land and one portion for an inheritance + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. In the second, the land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. AT: "one assignment of land as our inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# portion + +part + +# people great in number + +"many people" + +# If you are a people great in number + +"Since you are a people great in number" + +# Rephaim + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/16.md b/jos/17/16.md index a3ec7b010a..12ef2a5f6c 100644 --- a/jos/17/16.md +++ b/jos/17/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Shan ... Jezreel -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:jezreel]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Joseph -* **Beth Shan** - name of a place (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here the word "house" refers to the descendants. AT: "the descendants of Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will clear it + +"you will clear the forest of trees" or "you will cut down its trees" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/intro.md b/jos/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2fd328c29a --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Joshua 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Manasseh's lack of faith ##### +Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph's sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/01.md b/jos/18/01.md index 0e89bbf2da..cacef756e7 100644 --- a/jos/18/01.md +++ b/jos/18/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# and they conquered the land -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. AT: "after they had conquered the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## translationNotes +# whose inheritance had not been assigned +The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/03.md b/jos/18/03.md index d8e26db131..39b95f4509 100644 --- a/jos/18/03.md +++ b/jos/18/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# How long will you put off ... has given you? -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. AT: "For long enough, you have put off ... has given you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the land up and down -* **the land up and down** - AT "everywhere in the land" +The words "up and down" mean in every direction. AT: "the land in every direction" or "throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# write out a description of it with a view to their inheritances + +This means that they will describe the portions of land that each tribe would like to receive for an inheritance. + +# their inheritances + +The land that they are to survey is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that each of the tribes would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/05.md b/jos/18/05.md index be26fee73b..f0cd73f7a3 100644 --- a/jos/18/05.md +++ b/jos/18/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] +Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. -## translationNotes +# They will divide it -* Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. +"They will divide the land" + +# Judah will remain + +"The tribe of Judah will remain" + +# the house of Joseph + +Here the word "house" represents the descendants of Joseph. The phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. AT: "the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/07.md b/jos/18/07.md index eb6d6bbc23..fcbece9d80 100644 --- a/jos/18/07.md +++ b/jos/18/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. -## translationNotes +# no portion -* Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. -* **the half-tribe of Manasseh** - tribe of Manasseh** - "half of the tribe of Manasseh" +"no portion of land" + +# for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance + +Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. AT: "for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the half tribe of Manasseh + +"half of the tribe of Manasseh" + +# have received their inheritance + +The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "have received land as their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/08.md b/jos/18/08.md index a0cea00e6e..82901912aa 100644 --- a/jos/18/08.md +++ b/jos/18/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] +Joshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land. -## translationNotes +# up and down in the land -* one men who were to go look at the land. -* **Go up and down** - AT: "Go north and south" +The words "up and down" mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](./03.md). AT: "in every direction in the land" or "throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/10.md b/jos/18/10.md index 794bc0a9ee..de25a4c1e9 100644 --- a/jos/18/10.md +++ b/jos/18/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# to each was given his portion of the land -* [[en:tw:assign]] - -## translationNotes - -* **portion** - "share" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to each tribe Joshua gave their portion in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/11.md b/jos/18/11.md index 11d4fb7e89..b9909dd25d 100644 --- a/jos/18/11.md +++ b/jos/18/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The assignment of land for the tribe of Benjamin was given to each of their clans -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Each of the clans of the tribe of Benjamin received an assignment of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# between the descendants of Judah and the descendants of Joseph -* **Beth Aven** - place name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"between the land that belonged to the descendants of Judah and the land that belonged to the descendants of Joseph" + +# the descendants of Joseph + +This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Beth Aven + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/13.md b/jos/18/13.md index 201a284d2b..136493a142 100644 --- a/jos/18/13.md +++ b/jos/18/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the border ... The boundary -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] +These refer to the same thing. -## translationNotes +# Luz ... Ataroth Addar ... Beth Horon ... Kiriath Baal ... Kiriath Jearim -* **Ataroth Addar ... Beth Horon ... Kiriath Baal ... Kiriath Jearim** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/15.md b/jos/18/15.md index f5e6110285..38170a41d1 100644 --- a/jos/18/15.md +++ b/jos/18/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Kiriath Jearim ... Ephron ... Nephtoah ... Ben Hinnom ... Rephaim ... Hinnom ... En Rogel -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:water]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Kiriath Jearim ... Ephron ... Nephtoah ... Ben Hinnom ... Rephaim ... Hinnom ... Rogel** - Names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/17.md b/jos/18/17.md index c843eadfe1..3818da6c36 100644 --- a/jos/18/17.md +++ b/jos/18/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# En Shemesh ... Geliloth ... Adummim ... Beth Arabah -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the Stone of Bohan -* **En Shemesh ... Geliloth ... Adummim ... Bohan ... Beth Arabah** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **shoulder of** - land that looks like a human shoulder +This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the shoulder of Beth Arabah + +Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. AT: "the slope of Beth Arabah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/19.md b/jos/18/19.md index ea0893f2aa..38e22a32c9 100644 --- a/jos/18/19.md +++ b/jos/18/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the north shoulder of Beth Hoglah -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea]] +Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. AT: "the north slope of Beth Hoglah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Beth Hoglah -* **north bay** - the most northern part of the Salt Sea, where the water is surrounded by land except where one enters at the south -* **This was the inheritance** - The writer begins describing the inheritance in [[:en:bible:notes:jos:18:11]]. +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Benjamin + +The land that the tribe of Benjamin received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it was given to each of their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to each of their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/21.md b/jos/18/21.md index 1017ccad2d..c12b48de70 100644 --- a/jos/18/21.md +++ b/jos/18/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# their villages -* **their villages** - "the villages around them" +"the villages around them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/25.md b/jos/18/25.md index a6a119163d..b1459eb392 100644 --- a/jos/18/25.md +++ b/jos/18/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] +The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# This was the inheritance of Benjamin -* **Gibeon ... Kiriath** - "names of places" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **cities, not counting their villages** - "cities; this does not include" +The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/intro.md b/jos/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40c1a4ac7a --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Joshua 18 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/01.md b/jos/19/01.md index 310e823cf7..a293847424 100644 --- a/jos/19/01.md +++ b/jos/19/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The second casting of lots fell to Simeon -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +"The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon" -## translationNotes +# The second -* **second casting of lots** - coming after the first in time or order (See: [[:en:bible:notes:jos:18:05]]) -* **casting of lots** - A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. -* **in the middle of** - AT: "completely surrounded by" +number two in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# it was assigned to each of their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Their inheritance was in the middle of the inheritance that belonged to the tribe of Judah + +The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. AT: "The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/02.md b/jos/19/02.md index 09baafeb8e..754878b802 100644 --- a/jos/19/02.md +++ b/jos/19/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +The writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# They had for their inheritance -* **Sheba, Moladah** - This is a list of towns or cities by name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "They had the following cities for their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/05.md b/jos/19/05.md index 52e7266e48..afebf783a9 100644 --- a/jos/19/05.md +++ b/jos/19/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Ziklag -* **Ziklag** - Translate this the same as in chapter 15:31 and also throughout 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Chronicles and Nehemiah. -* **thirteen cities** - the number of cities included with Simeon's land (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) AT: "13" +See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/29.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/08.md b/jos/19/08.md index e4e1a6f020..62c6ace29e 100644 --- a/jos/19/08.md +++ b/jos/19/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Simeon -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# given to their clans -* **this was the inheritance** - This refers to the entire description beginning in this chapter (See: [[:[[:en:bible:notes:jos:19:01]]). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Joshua gave to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the portion of land assigned to the tribe of Judah + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the portion of land which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the middle of their portion + +"the middle of Judah's portion of land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/10.md b/jos/19/10.md index 77b71537be..461027dbb7 100644 --- a/jos/19/10.md +++ b/jos/19/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The third casting of lots -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# The third -* **the third** - number three in a sequence (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Sarid, Maralah, Dabbesheth, Jokneam** - Names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **opposite Jokneam** - AT: "across from Jokneam" +number three in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Sarid ... Maralah ... Dabbesheth ... Jokneam + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# opposite Jokneam + +"across from Jokneam" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/12.md b/jos/19/12.md index 25ee00a412..5f7a7b5f59 100644 --- a/jos/19/12.md +++ b/jos/19/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Sarid ... Kisloth Tabor ... Daberath ... Japhia ... Gath Hepher ... Eth Kazin ... Rimmon ... Neah - -## translationNotes - -* **Sarid, Kisloth Tabor, Daberath, Japhia, Gath Hepher, Ethkazin, Rimmon, and Neah** - names of cities (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/14.md b/jos/19/14.md index f3b14a1d20..2219b8181c 100644 --- a/jos/19/14.md +++ b/jos/19/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hannathon ... Iphtah El ... Kattath ... Nahalal ... Shimron ... Idalah ... Bethlehem -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Bethlehem -* **Hannathon, Iphtah El, Kattah, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem** - names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Iphtah El** - "El" is a Hebrew form of "god" (See: [[en:obe:kt:god]]) -* **Bethlehem** - This is not the same "Bethlehem" that is in Judah, just south of Jerusalem. The name means "House of Bread." -* **border** - the edge or boundary of something -* **twelve cities** - the number of cities beginning with verse 10. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) AT: "12 cities" +This is not the same "Bethlehem" that is south of Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Zebulun + +The land and cities that the tribe of Zebulun received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Zebulun received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that was given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Joshua gave to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/17.md b/jos/19/17.md index aa531d29fb..14f63227aa 100644 --- a/jos/19/17.md +++ b/jos/19/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The fourth casting of lots -* [[en:tw:issachar]] +See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# The fourth -* **fourth casting** - number four in a series (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Jezreel** - Translate this name the same way as in Joshua 15:56 and 17:16. Also found repeatedly in 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kings and Hosea. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kesulloth, Shunem, Hapharaim, Shion, and Anaharath** - names of cities given to Issachar's tribe (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kesulloth (UDB) and Chesulloth (ULB)** - are two ways to spell the same beginning sound. +number four in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Chesulloth ... Shunem ... Hapharaim ... Shion ... Anaharath + +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/20.md b/jos/19/20.md index 6178d8e34a..94287be983 100644 --- a/jos/19/20.md +++ b/jos/19/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Rabbith ... Kishion ... Ebez ... Remeth ... En Gannim ... En Haddah ... Beth Pazzez ... Shahazumah -* [[en:tw:bethshemesh]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Tabor -* **Rabbith, Kishion, Ebez, Remeth, Engannim, Enhaddah, Bethpazzez, and Shahazumah** - the names of cities and brder places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Tabor** - A mountain. Translate the same way as in Judges 4:6, 12, 14, 8:18, 1 Samuel 10:13, 1 Chronicles 6:77, Psalm 89:12, Jeremiah 46:18 and Hosea 5:1. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **sixteen cities** - The total number of cities beginning in verse 18. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the Jordan** - A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[en:obe:other:jordanriver]]) +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/23.md b/jos/19/23.md index c483dd5607..833c289f90 100644 --- a/jos/19/23.md +++ b/jos/19/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Issachar -* [[en:tw:inherit]] +The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# it was given to their clans -* **This was the inheritance** - Refers to the entire description beginning in verse 17. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/24.md b/jos/19/24.md index f2436c9956..2e845e9bcc 100644 --- a/jos/19/24.md +++ b/jos/19/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The fifth casting of lots -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] +See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# The fifth -* **casting of lots** - A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. -* **Helkath, Hali, Beten, Achshaph, Allammelech, Amad, Mishall, Shihor Libnath** - Names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +number five in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# it was given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Helkath, Hali, Beten, Akshaph, Allammelek, Amad, and Mishall ... Shihor Libnath + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/27.md b/jos/19/27.md index 9821f2881e..66a7be91a6 100644 --- a/jos/19/27.md +++ b/jos/19/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Dagon ... Valley of Iphtah El ... Beth Emek ... Neiel ... Kabul ... Abdon ... Rehob ... Hammon ... Kanah -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] - -## translationNotes - -* ** Beth Dagon, Valley of Iphahel, Bethemek, Neiel, Cabul, Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah** - names of places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/29.md b/jos/19/29.md index 54757cac1a..26a8075689 100644 --- a/jos/19/29.md +++ b/jos/19/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Hosah ... Akzib ... Ummah ... Aphek ... Rehob -* [[en:tw:ramah]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Hosah, Achzib, Ummah, Aphek, Rehob** - Names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the sea** - Refers to the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[en:obe:other:mediterranean]]) -* **twenty-two cities** - two cities** - number of cities in the continuing list (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/31.md b/jos/19/31.md index 78406237a6..fa20aa4ecf 100644 --- a/jos/19/31.md +++ b/jos/19/31.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Asher -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# it was given to their clans +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/32.md b/jos/19/32.md index 89b9f50fd0..1f0e3a9ae0 100644 --- a/jos/19/32.md +++ b/jos/19/32.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The sixth casting of lots -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# The sixth -* **sixth casting** - The number six in a series. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **casting of lots** - A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. -* **Heleph, Zaanannim, Adaminekah, Jabneel, Lakkum, Aznothtabor, and Hukkok** - Names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +number six in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# it was given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Heleph ... Zaanannim ... Adami Nekeb ... Jabneel ... Lakkum ... Aznoth Tabor ... Hukkok + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/35.md b/jos/19/35.md index 60b5b8eb2a..f51f8ed836 100644 --- a/jos/19/35.md +++ b/jos/19/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Ziddim ... Zer ... Hammath ... Rakkath ... Kinnereth ... Adamah ... Ramah ... Hazor ... Edrei ... En Hazor -* [[en:tw:kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hammath -* **Ziddim, Zer, Hammath, Rakkath, Chinnereth, Adamah, Ramah, Hazor, Edrei, and Enhazor** - names of cities in the list (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hammath** - This is not the same location as "Hamath" but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilea. +This is not the same location as "Hamath," but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/38.md b/jos/19/38.md index 8f5292a592..2102206c48 100644 --- a/jos/19/38.md +++ b/jos/19/38.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yiron ... Migdal El ... Horem ... Beth Anath -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Naphtali -* **Yiron, Migdalel, Horem, and Bethanath** - names of the fortified cities in the list (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **nineteen cities** - number of cities in the territory beginning in verse 32 (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The land and cities that the tribe of Naphtali received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Naphtali received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it was given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/40.md b/jos/19/40.md index 891b7ddd3d..e7c6defc5f 100644 --- a/jos/19/40.md +++ b/jos/19/40.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The seventh casting of lots -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# The seventh -* **The seventh** - Number seven in a list. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh, Shaalabbin, Aijalon, and Ithlah** - Names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +number seven in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# The territory of its inheritance + +The land that the tribe of Dan received is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "The territory of land that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh, Shaalabbin, Aijalon, and Ithlah + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/43.md b/jos/19/43.md index 7011f08557..c3a17033fe 100644 --- a/jos/19/43.md +++ b/jos/19/43.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Elon, Timnah, Ekron, Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath, Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon, Me Jarkon, and Rakkon -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:joppa]] +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# across from Joppa -* **Elon, Timnah, Ekron, Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath, Jehud, Beneberak, Gath Rimmon, Me Jarkon, and Rakkon** - Names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **across from Joppa** - AT "opposite Joppa" or "beside Joppa." +"opposite Joppa" or "beside Joppa" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/47.md b/jos/19/47.md index 7640d05b57..6bf6c94029 100644 --- a/jos/19/47.md +++ b/jos/19/47.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Leshem -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Dan -* **Leshem** - A city name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **killed** - caused the death of someone or something; ended a life +The land and cities that the tribe of Dan received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it was given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/49.md b/jos/19/49.md index ba46aeabd5..128ab3320c 100644 --- a/jos/19/49.md +++ b/jos/19/49.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# gave an inheritance among themselves to Joshua son of Nun -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. AT: "gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Timnath Serah -* **Timnah Serah** - See how you translate names ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **among themselves** - AT "within their territories" +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/51.md b/jos/19/51.md index 4fceef2296..b41078ada1 100644 --- a/jos/19/51.md +++ b/jos/19/51.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# These are the inheritances ... assigned -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* **these are the inheritances** - refers to the entire list of inheritances of the remaining seven tribes beginning in 18:10. +The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "These are the portions of land and the cities ... assigned as inheritances" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/intro.md b/jos/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff4fb39526 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Joshua 19 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/01.md b/jos/20/01.md index 4dd69c3b03..e138dd3656 100644 --- a/jos/20/01.md +++ b/jos/20/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# by the hand of Moses -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "hand of Moses" refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. AT: "through the things that Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# unintentionally kills -* **unintentionally kills** - Refers to an act which results in another person's death when harm to the person was not the intent of the act. -* **these cities** - Refers to the cities described in this passage. +This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so. + +# avenge the blood of a person who was killed + +Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. AT: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/04.md b/jos/20/04.md index 0d4b7c4e0c..e302baca6b 100644 --- a/jos/20/04.md +++ b/jos/20/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He will run -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +Here the word "he" refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone. -## translationNotes +# explain his case to the elders of that city -* **He will run** - "He" refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone. -* **Then they will take him** - "they" refers to the elders and "him" refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone. -* **live among them** - Refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only. +"convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person. + +# Then they will take him + +The word "they" refers to the elders and "him" refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone. + +# live among them + +This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/05.md b/jos/20/05.md index dcb2109b2f..5a076d2a43 100644 --- a/jos/20/05.md +++ b/jos/20/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# avenge the blood of the person who was killed -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](./01.md). AT: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# killed his neighbor unintentionally ... accidentally killed the person -* **hand over** - An expression meaning to give into someone else's authority. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **had no hatred** - AT: had no strong, emotional dislike -* **stood before the assembly ** - This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens. +These phrases mean the same thing. + +# stood before the assembly + +This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/07.md b/jos/20/07.md index 881d4e3595..3ac67ceed2 100644 --- a/jos/20/07.md +++ b/jos/20/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +There are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the Jordan -* There are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the Jordan** - A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[en:obe:other:jordanriver]]) +This is a short name for the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/09.md b/jos/20/09.md index 885ae9a70e..8c1f72e975 100644 --- a/jos/20/09.md +++ b/jos/20/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# would not die by the hand of the one -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] +Here "by the hand" is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. AT: "would not be killed by the one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# avenge the blood that was shed +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](./01.md). AT: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/intro.md b/jos/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1979d5510f --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Joshua 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cities of Refuge ##### + +If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: "Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/refuge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/01.md b/jos/21/01.md index 2fc4ead0ec..647aed7b7c 100644 --- a/jos/21/01.md +++ b/jos/21/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Eleazar ... Nun -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# They said to them -* **Eleazar... Nun** - These are male names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They said to them** - AT: "The Levites said to them" -* **By the hand of Moses Yahweh commanded you** - AT: "Yahweh commanded you through Moses." The word "hand" here may represent the authority that Yahweh gave Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"The Levites said to them" + +# Yahweh commanded you by the hand of Moses + +The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. AT: "Yahweh told Moses to command you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/03.md b/jos/21/03.md index 3dd8714330..0d044670c7 100644 --- a/jos/21/03.md +++ b/jos/21/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# following cities -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **following cities** - Refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses. +This refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/04.md b/jos/21/04.md index fe94443b7a..e0e79d34a8 100644 --- a/jos/21/04.md +++ b/jos/21/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# casting of lots -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). -## translationNotes +# Kohathites -* **casting of lots** - A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. -* **Kohathites** - Translate the same way as in Numbers 3:27, 30, 4:18, 34, 37, 10:21, 26:57, 1 Chron. 6:33, 54, 61, 9:32, 2 Chron. 20:19, 29:12 and 34:12. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **thirteen cities, ten cities** - A number of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **half tribe** - Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River. +This priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# thirteen cities ... ten cities + +numbers of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# half tribe + +Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/06.md b/jos/21/06.md index c87b86df49..98d5a92865 100644 --- a/jos/21/06.md +++ b/jos/21/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Gershon -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# casting of lots -* **Gershon** - Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. Translate the same way as in Genesis 46:11, Exodus 6:16, 17, Numbers 3:17, 18, 21-25, 4:21-24, 28, 38, 41, 54, 61, 9:32, 2 Chron. 20:19, 29:12 and 34:12. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Merari** - Merari was one of the sons of Levi. Translate the same way as in Gen. 46:11, Ex6:16-19, Numbers 3:17, 20, 33, 35, 36, 4:29, 33, 42, 45, 7:8, 10:17, 26:57, 1 Chron. 6:1, 16, 19, 29. 44, 47, 63, 67, 9:14, 15:6, 17, 23:6, 21, 24:26, 27, 26:10, 19, 29:12, 34:12 and Ezra 8:19. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). + +# Merari + +Merari was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/08.md b/jos/21/08.md index 357cc95306..4970cf08bd 100644 --- a/jos/21/08.md +++ b/jos/21/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh had commanded by the hand of Moses -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The phrase "by the hand of" here means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. AT: "Yahweh had told Moses to command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# clans of the Kohathites -* **by the hand of Moses** - This is a figure of speech referring to Moses by only his direction. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **clans of the Kohathites** - Kohath was a son of Levi. (See: [[en:obe:other:levite]]) +The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# casting of lots + +A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/11.md b/jos/21/11.md index c990a4dd07..ec3dcbd49d 100644 --- a/jos/21/11.md +++ b/jos/21/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Arba had been the father of Anak -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +This is background information about the name of the man who founded the city of Kiriath Arba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Anak -* **father of Anak** - Translate "Anak" the same way in Numbers 13:22,28,33; Joshua 15:13,14 and Judges 1:20. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **hill country** - An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains. -* **pasturelands** - An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle. -* **fields of the city** - Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city. -* **villages** - Small communities, usually smaller than a town. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# hill country + +An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains. + +# pasturelands + +An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle. + +# fields of the city + +Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city. + +# villages + +Small communities, usually smaller than a town. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/13.md b/jos/21/13.md index af4d6b8245..e7f5320a1c 100644 --- a/jos/21/13.md +++ b/jos/21/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Libnah ... Jattir ... Eshtemoa ... Holon ... Debir ... Ain ... Juttah -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] +These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# nine cities ... two tribes -* **Libnah, Jattir, Eshtemoa, Holon, Debir, Ain, and Juttah** - These are all names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **nine cities; two tribes** - The number of cities and tribes in the passage. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The number of cities and tribes in the passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/17.md b/jos/21/17.md index 0c8add8f1a..c7e7749ce2 100644 --- a/jos/21/17.md +++ b/jos/21/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# From the tribe of Benjamin were given Gibeon -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The tribe of Benjamin gave Gibeon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Geba ... Anathoth ... Almon -* **Geba, Anathoth, and Almon** - Names of cities in a list. Translate "Anathoth" the same way as in Joshua 21:18, 1 Kings 2:26, 1 Chronicles 6:60, 7:8, Ezra 2:23, Nehemiah 7:27, 10:19, 11:32, Isaiah 10:30, Jeremiah 1:1, 11:21, 23, 29:27, 32:7-9 (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **thirteen cities** - Refers to the entire list of cities beginning in verse 13. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# thirteen cities + +"13 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/20.md b/jos/21/20.md index e6eadc2ee0..9454077a7b 100644 --- a/jos/21/20.md +++ b/jos/21/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the family of Kohath -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# they had cities given to them -* **Kohath** - name of a person (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gezer, Kibzaim and Bethhoron** - Names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **four cities in all** - Refers to the list by the total number. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they received cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# casting of lots + +A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). + +# Gezer ... Kibzaim ... Beth Horon + +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# four cities in all + +This refers to the list by the total number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/23.md b/jos/21/23.md index c9fe7b58d1..cc47e79351 100644 --- a/jos/21/23.md +++ b/jos/21/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# From the tribe of Dan, the clan of Kohath was given Eltekeh -* [[en:tw:dan]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The tribe of Dan gave to the clan of Kohath Eltekeh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the clan of Kohath -* **Elteke, Gibbethon, Aijalon, and Gath-Rimmon** - Rimmon** - These are proper names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **four cities** - Refers to the same cities by number. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 21:20](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eltekeh ... Gibbethon ... Aijalon ... Gath Rimmon + +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# four cities + +This refers to the number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/25.md b/jos/21/25.md index 94367ef6ab..423c4fe063 100644 --- a/jos/21/25.md +++ b/jos/21/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# From the half tribe of Manasseh, the clan of Kohath was given Taanach -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Taanach ... Gath Rimmon -* **Taanach and Gathrimmon** - These are names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **two cities; ten cities in all** - numbers of cities listed (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# two cities ... ten cities in all + +numbers of cities listed (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# clan of Kohath ... clans of the Kohathites + +The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/27.md b/jos/21/27.md index 0fcfd9a78a..85b12b09cc 100644 --- a/jos/21/27.md +++ b/jos/21/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# From the half tribe of Manasseh, to clans of Gershon, these were other Levite clans, and they gave Golan -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The half tribe of Manasseh, other Levite clans, received from the half tribe of Manasseh Golan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Golan ... Be Eshterah -* **Gershon; Golan; Beeshterah** - Names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **killed another unintentionally** - Refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person. -* **two cities** - Refers to the same cities named as a number. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# killed another unintentionally + +This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person. + +# two cities + +number of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/28.md b/jos/21/28.md index 00df719646..b85fe80d6a 100644 --- a/jos/21/28.md +++ b/jos/21/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# To the clans of Gershon they also gave Kishion -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The clans of Gershon also received Kishion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Kishion ... Daberath ... Jarmuth ... En Gannim ... Mishal ... Abdon ... Helkath ... Rehob -* **Kishion, Daberath, Jarmuth, Engannim, Mishal, Abdon, Helkath, and Rehob** - Names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **four cities in all** - The number of cities listed. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# From the tribe of Asher, they gave Mishal + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They received from the tribe of Asher Mishal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# four cities in all + +This refers to the number of cities listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/32.md b/jos/21/32.md index 0b50929bec..f83d35ffeb 100644 --- a/jos/21/32.md +++ b/jos/21/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# From the tribe of Naphtali, they gave the clans of Gershon Kedesh -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:kedesh]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The clans of Gershon received from the tribe of Naphtali Kedesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Gershon -* **Gershon** - Name of a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hammothdor, and Kartan** - Names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **thirteen cities in all** - Refers to the list beginning in verse 27 as a number. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hammoth Dor ... Kartan + +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# thirteen cities in all + +"13 cities in total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/34.md b/jos/21/34.md index 6e1d0bcf8a..2b4f14a0d9 100644 --- a/jos/21/34.md +++ b/jos/21/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# To the rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—were given out of the tribe of Zebulun: Jokneam -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: The rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—received from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Merari -* **Merari** - name of a person (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jokneam, Kartah, Dimnah, and Nahalal** - names of cities (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **four cities in all** - The cities are referred to in total as a number. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +name of a person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jokneam ... Kartah ... Dimnah ... Nahalal + +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# four cities in all + +The cities are referred to in total as a number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/36.md b/jos/21/36.md index c429dd916c..66947556b1 100644 --- a/jos/21/36.md +++ b/jos/21/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# To the clans of Merari were given from the tribe of Reuben: Bezer -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The clans of Merari received from the tribe of Reuben Bezer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# four cities -* **four cities** - Refers to the list as a sum total. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Bezer, Jahaz, Kedemoth, Mephaath, and Ramoth** - Names of cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mahanaim** - Translate the same way as in Genesis 32:2; Joshua 13:26,30; 2 Samuel 2:8,12,29; 17:24,27; 19:32; 1 Kings 2:8,4:14; 1 Chronicles 6:80 and Song of Solomon 6:13 (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to the total number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Bezer ... Jahaz ... Kedemoth ... Mephaath ... Ramoth + +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Out of the tribe of Gad they were given Ramoth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They received from the tribe of Gad Ramoth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Mahanaim + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/39.md b/jos/21/39.md index 2c9c4e1bae..08bd74f0a7 100644 --- a/jos/21/39.md +++ b/jos/21/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The clans of Merari were also given Heshbon -* [[en:tw:levite]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The clans of Merari also received Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Heshbon ... Jazer -* **Heshbon and Jazer** - names of cities (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* ** twelve cities in all** - Refers to the entire list beginning in verse 34. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **casting of lots** - AT "choosing by chance" or "randomly assigning." A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twelve cities in all + +"12 cities in total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twelve cities in all were given to them by the casting of lots + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they received these twelve cities by the casting of lots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# casting of lots + +A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/41.md b/jos/21/41.md index f471879964..b4a666d9d9 100644 --- a/jos/21/41.md +++ b/jos/21/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The cities of the Levites taken from the middle of the land -* [[en:tw:israel]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Levites received their cities from the middle of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# forty-eight cities -* **forty-eight cities** - eight cities** - This sum refers to the entire list beginning in verse 4. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"48 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/43.md b/jos/21/43.md index c7a392f4dc..024a91a11f 100644 --- a/jos/21/43.md +++ b/jos/21/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he swore -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"he gave an oath" -## translationNotes +# Not one of their enemies could defeat them -* **he swore** - AT "he gave an oath" (See: [[en:obe:other:oath]]) -* **gave all their enemies into their hand** - A figure of speech referring to the nation by stating that they now controlled it. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. AT: "They defeated every one of their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# gave all their enemies into their hand + +Here "into their hand" means "into their power." AT: "gave them power to defeat all their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Not one thing among all the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel failed to come true + +This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. AT: "Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/intro.md b/jos/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9e270ace36 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Joshua 21 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/01.md b/jos/22/01.md index a44c984523..95f6db0e8a 100644 --- a/jos/22/01.md +++ b/jos/22/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Reubenites -* [[en:tw:obey]] +people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Gadites -* **Reubenites** - people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gadites** - people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# obeyed my voice + +Here "my voice" refers to the things that Joshua had said. AT: "obeyed everything I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have not deserted your brothers + +This can be stated in a positive way. AT: "You have remained with your brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/04.md b/jos/22/04.md index da4094c5d0..a0ca8bee9e 100644 --- a/jos/22/04.md +++ b/jos/22/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to walk in all his ways -* [[en:tw:brother]] +A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh's ways or roads. AT: "to obey everything he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# with all your heart and with all your soul +The terms "heart" and "soul" are here used together to refer to the entire person. AT: "with all you think and feel" or "with your entire being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/07.md b/jos/22/07.md index 0c84c9f074..f7db2782cc 100644 --- a/jos/22/07.md +++ b/jos/22/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the Jordan -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This was a short name for the Jordan River. -## translationNotes +# iron -* **the Jordan** - A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[en:obe:other:jordanriver]]) -* **money** - Coins or special paper used as a means of exchange. -* **iron** - A strong, hard, magnetic metal. -* **enemies** - People who are opposed or hostile towards someone or something. -* **plunder** - The spoils of war. The winning army would take everything of value from the conquered. +a strong, hard, magnetic metal + +# plunder + +The winning army would take everything of value from the people they conquered. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/09.md b/jos/22/09.md index 9f660d2734..35abcf76c2 100644 --- a/jos/22/09.md +++ b/jos/22/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the commandment of Yahweh, by the hand of Moses -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **hand of Moses** - A figure of speech referring to Moses acting on behalf of Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. AT: "the commandment that Yahweh told Moses to give to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/10.md b/jos/22/10.md index 01f7542a7c..4324dd2197 100644 --- a/jos/22/10.md +++ b/jos/22/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the Jordan -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +This was a short name for the Jordan River. -## translationNotes +# at the front of the land of Canaan -* **the Jordan** - A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[en:obe:other:jordanriver]]) -* **Geliloth** - See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]. +The Israelite tribes who lived across the Jordan River would enter Canaan at the place where they built the altar. This place is spoken of as if it was the "front" or "entrance" to Canaan where the other tribes lived. AT: "at the entrance to the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Geliloth + +name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/12.md b/jos/22/12.md index b808d44c65..674953eaae 100644 --- a/jos/22/12.md +++ b/jos/22/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# war - -## translationNotes - -* **war** - a state of armed conflict between two nations or people groups +a state of armed conflict between two nations or people groups \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/13.md b/jos/22/13.md index 30acc39407..0dbde6a537 100644 --- a/jos/22/13.md +++ b/jos/22/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Eleazar -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Eleazar** - name of person (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **ten leaders** - number of leaders (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +name of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/15.md b/jos/22/15.md index b49be4eff7..7c79f449e8 100644 --- a/jos/22/15.md +++ b/jos/22/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The whole assembly of Yahweh says this -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **unfaithfulness** - Describes a state of being disloyal or seditious (planning to rebel). (See: [[en:obe:kt:unfaithful]]) +All the people of Israel are spoken of together in the singular as if they were one person. AT: "All the other Israelites are asking" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/17.md b/jos/22/17.md index a90ed90414..3a4ad1c619 100644 --- a/jos/22/17.md +++ b/jos/22/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Was our sin at Peor not enough for us? -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This question emphasizes how serious their previous sin was. This can be written as a statement. AT: "We had already sinned terribly at Peor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Peor -* **Peor** - The name of a place. Translate the same way as in Numbers 23:28, 25:3, 5, 18, 31:16, Deuteronomy 3:29, 4:3, 46, 34:6, Joshua 13:20, Psalm 106:28 and Hosea 9:10. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 13:20](../13/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# we have not even now cleansed ourselves from it + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "we are still dealing with the guilt of that sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Must you also turn away from following Yahweh at this present day? + +This question is used to rebuke the people for their sin. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You must not turn away from following Yahweh today!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/19.md b/jos/22/19.md index 5e3c2f753c..ad8d76592c 100644 --- a/jos/22/19.md +++ b/jos/22/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Achan ... Zerah -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Did not Achan son of Zerah break faith in the matter of those things that had been reserved for God? Did not wrath fall on all the people of Israel? -* **Achan and Zerah** - Names of people. Translate Achan the same way as in Joshua 7:1, 10, 18-20, 24. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Did not Achan, the son of Zerah, break faith in the matter of those things that had been reserved for God? And did not wrath fall on all the people of Israel?** - These questions are to emphasize the past experience for the hearer. Those asking assume they already know the answer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These questions are used to remind the people of the punishment for past sins. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "Achan son of Zerah sinned by taking things that had been reserved for God. And because of that God punished all the people of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/21.md b/jos/22/21.md index 058371a937..5600bb65a3 100644 --- a/jos/22/21.md +++ b/jos/22/21.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:tribe]] - -## translationNotes +# If it was in rebellion ... let Yahweh make us pay for it +The three tribes are making two hypothetical statements that they insist are not true. They did not build the altar to worship another god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/24.md b/jos/22/24.md index 10135964d7..65fe777d97 100644 --- a/jos/22/24.md +++ b/jos/22/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] +The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer. -## translationNotes +# your children might say to our children ... God of Israel? -* The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer. -* **'What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel?** - This question challenges the listeners with an assumed answer, "You have nothing to do with Yahweh!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is a hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel? + +The three tribes use this rhetorical question to emphasize the situation they are trying to avoid. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You have nothing to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/25.md b/jos/22/25.md index 78fcf4f9f8..b944449af9 100644 --- a/jos/22/25.md +++ b/jos/22/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh continue their answer. -## translationNotes +# For Yahweh has made the Jordan ... nothing to do with Yahweh -* The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh continue their answer. -* **the Jordan** - A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[en:obe:other:jordanriver]]) +This is the continuation of the hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# the Jordan + +This is a short name for the Jordan River. + +# So your children might make our children cease to worship Yahweh + +The three tribes built the altar to avoid this hypothetical situation from happening in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/26.md b/jos/22/26.md index 0b2ed3ca47..f6b2cd7ac9 100644 --- a/jos/22/26.md +++ b/jos/22/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:witness]] +The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer. -## translationNotes +# to be a witness between us and you -* The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer. -* **no share** - AT: "no portion" or "no inheritance." (See: [[en:obe:kt:inherit]]) +The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify to the rights of the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, "You have no share in Yahweh." + +This is the hypothetical situation that the three tribes did not want to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# no share + +"no portion" or "no inheritance" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/28.md b/jos/22/28.md index e4bed1c023..284feda284 100644 --- a/jos/22/28.md +++ b/jos/22/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now finish their answer. -## translationNotes +# If this should be said ... a witness between us and you." -* The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now finish their answer. -* **May it be far from us that we should rebel** - "We would certainly not rebel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The three tribes are describing their potential answer to an accusation that might or might not be made at a future time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# May it be far from us that we should rebel + +The unlikely chance that they would rebel is spoken of as if it is something that is a great distance away from them. AT: "We would certainly not rebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# turn away from following him + +To stop following Yahweh is spoken of as if they were turning away from him. AT: "stop following him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/30.md b/jos/22/30.md index bfb8ae693a..3176a36048 100644 --- a/jos/22/30.md +++ b/jos/22/30.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# heard the words -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] +"heard the message" -## translationNotes +# was good in their eyes -* **was good in their eyes** - "The explanation was good in their opinion." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **breach of faith** - AT: "Broken the promise" -* **you have rescued the people** - "you have kept Yahweh from punishing us" +Here "in their eyes" means "in their opinion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# committed this breach of faith against him + +"broken your promise to him" + +# you have rescued the people of Israel out of the hand of Yahweh + +Here "the hand of Yahweh" refers to his punishment. Protecting the people is spoken of as rescuing them from his hand. AT: "you have kept Yahweh from punishing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/32.md b/jos/22/32.md index 781f72883b..c9c0569663 100644 --- a/jos/22/32.md +++ b/jos/22/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Their report was good in the eyes of the people -* [[en:tw:gilead]] +Here "good in the eyes" means "accepted." AT: "The people accepted the report of the leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# destroy the land -* **Their report was good in the eyes of the people** - "The people had a good opinion of what the leader reported" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"destroy everything in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/34.md b/jos/22/34.md index ab9a237497..e4cf1f1838 100644 --- a/jos/22/34.md +++ b/jos/22/34.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# for they said +This refers to the Reubenites and Gadites. -## translationNotes +# It is a witness between us -* **for they said** - Refers to the Reubenites and Gadites. +The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify for the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/intro.md b/jos/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9130dc0fc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Joshua 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument ##### + +The tribes east of the Jordan River said, "Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, 'You have no share in Yahweh.'" They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/01.md b/jos/23/01.md index e8a1a8a4ff..fe7649ae6e 100644 --- a/jos/23/01.md +++ b/jos/23/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# very old -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **very old** - lived for many years +lived for many years \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/04.md b/jos/23/04.md index e6051ad728..a59c3162dc 100644 --- a/jos/23/04.md +++ b/jos/23/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the Jordan -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a short name for the Jordan River. -## translationNotes +# in the west -* **the Jordan** - A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[en:obe:other:jordanriver]]) -* **in the west** - indicates the direction to which the sun sets. +This indicates the direction of the setting sun. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/06.md b/jos/23/06.md index fe3e26a502..6cecc5816a 100644 --- a/jos/23/06.md +++ b/jos/23/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you may not mix -* **mix** - AT: intermarry -* **mention** - to speak of -* **their gods** - Refers to the gods of the nations remaining. -* **cling** - AT: hold tightly to -* **to this day** - AT: Continuously until the present time. +Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them. + +# mention + +to speak of + +# their gods + +This refers to the gods of the remaining nations. + +# cling to Yahweh + +"hold tightly to Yahweh." Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. AT: "continue to believe in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to this day + +"until the present time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/09.md b/jos/23/09.md index b31ddd727d..47754894a6 100644 --- a/jos/23/09.md +++ b/jos/23/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to stand before you -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:run]] +Here "stand" represents holding ground in a battle. The word "you" refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# single -* **to stand before you** - A figure of speech using "stand" to represent holding ground in a battle. You throughout this verse refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **single** - refers to one (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **thousand** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# thousand + +"1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/12.md b/jos/23/12.md index 2c715e6bdf..eb0c985383 100644 --- a/jos/23/12.md +++ b/jos/23/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# cling to the survivors of these nations -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +Accepting the beliefs of these nations is spoken of as holding tightly to them. AT: "accept the beliefs of the survivors of these nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a snare and a trap -* **whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes** - A figure of speech comparing the trouble these nations will cause to the pain caused by whips and thorns. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The words "snare" and "trap" mean basically the same thing. Together they speak of the other nations as if they were a deadly trap that will cause trouble for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes + +These phrases speak of the troubles these nations will cause Israel as if they were as painful as whips and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/14.md b/jos/23/14.md index b0122f3092..75cb201752 100644 --- a/jos/23/14.md +++ b/jos/23/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am going the way of all the earth -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Joshua uses a polite term to refer to his death. AT: "I am going to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# know with all your hearts and souls -* **the way of all the earth** - A figure of speech describing death. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **know with all your hearts and souls** - A figure of speech describing complete knowledge. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **not one word has failed to come true** - A figure of speech emphasizing that Yahweh's promises have all occurred. AT: "every word has come true." The idea is further emphasized by repetition in the rest of the verse. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here the words "hearts" and "souls" have similar meanings. Together they emphasize deep personal knowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# not one word has failed to come true + +These words emphasize that Yahweh's promises have all occurred. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "every word has come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/16.md b/jos/23/16.md index 35bc7b1e43..c782efad89 100644 --- a/jos/23/16.md +++ b/jos/23/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He will do this -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This refers to the punishment threatened in the previous verse. -## translationNotes +# worship other gods and bow down to them -* **He will do this** - Refers to the punishment threatened in the previous verse. -* **worship other gods and bow down to them** - Another way of describing worship. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **will be kindled** - "Kindled" is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh's anger, like a fire is "kindled" or started with "kindling" or small very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second describes how the people "worship other gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you + +"Kindled" is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh's anger, like a fire is "kindled" or started with "kindling" or very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. AT: "Yahweh will begin to be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/intro.md b/jos/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cefa959483 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Joshua 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Joshua's final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24) ##### + +"Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out." ##### Drive them out ##### +The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/01.md b/jos/24/01.md index d1c2ea8347..5bbe824452 100644 --- a/jos/24/01.md +++ b/jos/24/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:nahor]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Joshua's summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. AT: "Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# presented themselves before -* **presented themselves before** - AT: "came in front of" or "came before" -* **long ago** - AT: many years ago -* **other gods** - Refers to things worshipped besides Yahweh. -* **Terah** - Be sure to translate the same way as in Genesis 11:24-32, Numbers 33:27-28, 1 Chronicles 1:26 and Luke 3:34. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **This is what** - Refers to the quote beginning immediately following which continues until the end of verse 13 in which Joshua is quoting Yahweh. +"came and stood in front of" or "came before" + +# long ago + +"many years ago" + +# This is what + +Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13. + +# Terah ... Nahor + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/03.md b/jos/24/03.md index 78cecfd0eb..443e275967 100644 --- a/jos/24/03.md +++ b/jos/24/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## translationNotes +# Seir -* Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -* **gave him many** - AT: "gave him a large number" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Seir** - name of a place or location. Be sure to translate the same way as in Genesis 14:6, 32:3, 33:14,16, 36:8-9, 20-21, 30, Numbers 24:18, and many more. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **went down** - AT: "travelled to" +name of a place or location (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# went down + +Egypt was lower in elevation that the land of Canaan. AT: "traveled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/05.md b/jos/24/05.md index f67f10ed71..ec96a82833 100644 --- a/jos/24/05.md +++ b/jos/24/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] +Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## translationNotes +# brought you out ... brought your ancestors out -* Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -* **brought you out** - "You" throughout this speech refers to the entire nation of Isreal in it's history and including the present. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) +Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/07.md b/jos/24/07.md index f9cc151481..8ec281ca24 100644 --- a/jos/24/07.md +++ b/jos/24/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] +Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## translationNotes +# your ancestors ... you -* Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -* **Egyptians** - The inhabitants of Egypt. -* **the sea** - Refers to the Red Sea. -* **in the wilderness** - An uninhabited area, a desert. +Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the sea + +This refers to the Sea of Reeds. + +# in the wilderness + +an uninhabited area, a desert \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/08.md b/jos/24/08.md index 858e7e2aae..70b8739071 100644 --- a/jos/24/08.md +++ b/jos/24/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## translationNotes +# you -* Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -* **the Jordan** - A short name for the Jordan River. -* **gave them into your hand.** - AT: "Empowered you to conquer them." This is a figure of speech using the hand to speak of the entire nation. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the Jordan + +This is a short name for the Jordan River. + +# gave them into your hand + +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "enabled you to conquer them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/09.md b/jos/24/09.md index 7b6cd08064..2bfe48e4e6 100644 --- a/jos/24/09.md +++ b/jos/24/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## translationNotes +# Balak ... Zippor -* Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -* **Balak** - Be sure to translate the same way as throughout Numbers 22-24, Judges 11:25, Micah 6:5 and Revelation 2:14. Translate his father's name Zippor the same way in all theses places also. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# you + +The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# rescued you out of his hand + +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "enabled you to overcome him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/11.md b/jos/24/11.md index ba7ccc2577..98dacee3e2 100644 --- a/jos/24/11.md +++ b/jos/24/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:girgashites]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hivite]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## translationNotes +# You -* Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -* **the Jordan** - A short name for the Jordan River. -* **the hornet** - A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. The many are spoken of as only one. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the Jordan + +This is a short name for the Jordan River. + +# the hornet + +A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. Here, many "hornets" are spoken of as only one. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/13.md b/jos/24/13.md index 4f821995fb..7636ae6997 100644 --- a/jos/24/13.md +++ b/jos/24/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] - -## translationNotes - -* Joshua finishes quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. +Joshua finishes quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/14.md b/jos/24/14.md index 5f83969b5b..1324abf849 100644 --- a/jos/24/14.md +++ b/jos/24/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If it seems wrong in your eyes -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or desire. AT: "If you do not want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my house -* **as for me** - AT: "I made the choice for me" +This represents his family that lives in his house. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/16.md b/jos/24/16.md index 9d765a7e1f..f3da36e3fc 100644 --- a/jos/24/16.md +++ b/jos/24/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# us and our ancestors ... we -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The people speak as if they were present with their ancestors, and interchange the words "us" and "we" with "our ancestors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# house of slavery -* **house of slavery** - “place where you were slaves” (See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:exo:20:01]]) -* **nations through whom we passed** - AT: "nations we passed through" +Here "house" is an idiom that refers to the location of their slavery. AT: "place where we were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# nations through whom we passed + +"nations that we passed through" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/19.md b/jos/24/19.md index 6b13c219bb..17ed42d9b7 100644 --- a/jos/24/19.md +++ b/jos/24/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# people -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# he is a jealous God -* **he is a jealous god** - God wants his people to worship only him. (See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:exo:20:04]].) -* **people** - Refers to the Israelites. +God wants his people to worship only him. + +# He will consume you + +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if he was a fire that would destroy them. AT: "He will destroy you as with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/21.md b/jos/24/21.md index df85ecc61b..31746fe352 100644 --- a/jos/24/21.md +++ b/jos/24/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# people -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This refers to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# turn your heart to Yahweh -* **people** - Refers to the Israelites -* **foreign god** - A false god, one that is a from a different place. +Deciding to obey Yahweh only is spoken of as turning their heart towards him. Here "heart" represents the whole person. In this case, "heart" is plural because it refers to all the Israelites as a single group. However, it may be best to translate it in the plural since "your" is plural. AT: "turn yourselves to Yahweh" or "decide to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/24.md b/jos/24/24.md index 2859f59cde..46e2a6a33e 100644 --- a/jos/24/24.md +++ b/jos/24/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# people -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This refers to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# We will listen to his voice -* **people** - Refers to the Israelites. -* **we will listen to his voice** - AT: "we will pay attention and obey everything he tells us to do" -* **book of the Law of God** - Appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses. (See: [[en:obe:kt:lawofmoses]]) -* **set it up there** - AT: "placed it there" +Here "listen" means to obey. AT: "We will obey everything he tells us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He put in place decrees and laws + +Establishing laws is spoken of as if Joshua physically set them in place like monuments. AT: "He established decrees and laws" or "He gave them laws and decrees to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the book of the law of God + +This appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses. + +# set it up there + +"placed it there" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/27.md b/jos/24/27.md index 39ec47cb71..d1778a219c 100644 --- a/jos/24/27.md +++ b/jos/24/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# people -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This refers to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# this stone will be a testimony ... It has heard all the words -* **people** - Refers to the Israelites. +The stone that Joshua set up is spoken of as if it were a person who heard what was spoken and would be able to testify about what was said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# should you ever + +"if you ever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/29.md b/jos/24/29.md index e0383a3a07..0037dd1ea0 100644 --- a/jos/24/29.md +++ b/jos/24/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# 110 years old -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"one hundred and ten years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Timnath Serah ... Mount Gaash -* **Nun, Timnath Serah, Mount Gaash** - Names of people and places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **110 years old** - A number of years written in numerals. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/31.md b/jos/24/31.md index 5ab8978394..c8c2075919 100644 --- a/jos/24/31.md +++ b/jos/24/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all of Joshua's days -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This is an idiom that refers to Joshua's entire life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# outlived Joshua -* **all of Joshua's days** - A figure of speech referring to his entire life as the days he was alive. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"lived longer than Joshua" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/32.md b/jos/24/32.md index f8740cb7d2..039eed81d7 100644 --- a/jos/24/32.md +++ b/jos/24/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The bones of Joseph ... they buried them at Shechem, -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:hamor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] +It may be helpful to change the order of the beginning of this sentence. AT: "The people of Israel brought the bones of Joseph up out of Egypt and buried them at Shechem" -## translationNotes +# one hundred pieces -* **one hundred pieces** - A number written out. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Eleazar, Gibeah** - Names of people or places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"100 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Eleazar + +name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gibeah + +name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/intro.md b/jos/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..217b906a51 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Joshua 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Joshua's instructions ##### +In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua's instructions. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/front/intro.md b/jos/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a73ff5ce22 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# Introduction to Joshua # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Joshua #### + +1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1–12) + - Preparation for conquest; spies, and crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1) + - Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29) + - Covenant affirmation at Shechem (8:30–35) + - Southern and central campaigns, northern campaigns (9:1–12:24) +1. Settlement in Promised Land; divisions of the land (13:1–22:34) +1. Joshua's final days (23–24) + +#### What is the Book of Joshua about? #### + +The Book of Joshua is about how God fulfilled his promise that the Israelites would enter the Promised Land and occupy it. They did this as they united in obedience to God and as they fought battles under his direction through Joshua, the leader who took the place of Moses. This book also tells how each of the twelve tribes received its portion of the land when it was divided among them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may create a short title such as "The Book About When Joshua Led Israel." Translators should avoid a title that points to Joshua as the writer of the book. + +#### Who wrote the Book of Joshua? #### + +The book does not indicate who wrote it, although there are several references in it to Joshua writing some things down. Traditional Judaism believes that Joshua wrote most of the book. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What concept of history begins to be presented in the Book of Joshua? #### + +Although humans made choices that affected historical events, it was common in the ancient Near East to assume that the gods determined most world events. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. In Joshua, historical events occur because of Yahweh's promises to his people, Israel. They also occur because of Israel's response of trust and obedience to Yahweh, or lack of faith and disobedience. Israel's trust in Yahweh was all the more remarkable because it was normally assumed that gods had no power outside of the territories that they controlled. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### + +This phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that "to this day" means the present day. The translator might decide to say "to this day, at the time when this was being written," or "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10. + +#### What does the phrase "all Israel" mean? #### + +This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean the entire Israelite nation, that is, literally every Israelite. At times it means the Israelite army; at other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages it probably means many people in the nation of Israel. + +#### When should Joshua be translated? #### + +The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information provided by these previous books. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/01.md b/jud/01/01.md index d14a96e982..47dfc330ce 100644 --- a/jud/01/01.md +++ b/jud/01/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jude identifies himself as the writer of this letter and greets his readers. He was probably the half-brother of Jesus. There are two other Judes mentioned in the New Testament. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Jude, a servant of** - Jude is the brother of James. Alternate translation: "I am Jude, a servant of." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and brother of James** - James and Jude are half brothers of Jesus. -* **beloved in God the Father** - "God the Father loves you" -* **and kept for Jesus Christ** - "and protected now that they believe in Jesus Christ" -* **mercy to you and peace and love be multiplied** - "You" refers to all the Christians who were to receive this letter. Alternate translation: "may mercy, peace and love be increased many times for you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +The word "you" in this letter refers to the Christians to whom Jude was writing and is always plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Jude, a servant of + +Jude is the brother of James. AT: "I am Jude, a servant of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# brother of James + +James and Jude were half brothers of Jesus. + +# May mercy and peace and love be multiplied to you + +"may mercy, peace, and love be increased many times for you." These ideas are spoken of as if they were objects that could grow in size or number. This can be restate to remove the abstract nouns "mercy," "peace," and "love." AT: "May God continue to be merciful to you so that you live peacefully and love one another more and more (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/03.md b/jud/01/03.md index fa98c735ec..6ea33a347d 100644 --- a/jud/01/03.md +++ b/jud/01/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +Jude tells the believers his reason for writing this letter. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **I was making every effort to write to you** - "I was very eager to write to you" (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **our common salvation** - "we share the same salvation" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **I had to write** - "I felt a great need to write" or "I felt an urgent need to write" -* **to exhort you to struggle earnestly for the faith** - "to encourage you to defend the true teaching" -* **handed down** - "God gave this true teaching" -* **For certain men have come stealthily** - "For some men have come in among the believers without drawing attention to themselves" -* **of whose condemnation it was written long ago** - "long ago it was written that these men would be condemned" -* **who change the grace of our God into lasciviousness** - "who teach that God's grace permits one to continue to live in sexual sin" -* **who deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ** - these men teach that Jesus Christ is not true or only way to God. -* **deny** - to say that something is not true. +The word "our" in this letter includes both Jude and believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# our common salvation + +"the salvation we share" + +# I had to write + +"I felt a great need to write" or "I felt an urgent need to write" + +# to exhort you to struggle earnestly for the faith + +"to encourage you to defend the true teaching" + +# once for all + +"finally and completely" + +# believers + +"saints." Some versions translate this as "holy ones." It gives the idea of Christian believers with no special emphasis on their moral qualities, but rather believers who are made saints by belief in Jesus' death for salvation. + +# For certain men have slipped in secretly among you + +"For some men have come in among the believers without drawing attention to themselves" + +# men who were marked out for condemnation + +This can also be put into the active voice. AT: "men whom God chose to condemn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who pervert the grace of our God into sensuality + +God's grace is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be changed into something horrible. AT: "who change the grace of our God into filthy lust" or "who teach that God's grace permits one to continue to live in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ + +Possible meanings are 1) they teach that he is not God or 2) these men do not obey Jesus Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/05.md b/jud/01/05.md index ba619e464c..df6eb7eb42 100644 --- a/jud/01/05.md +++ b/jud/01/05.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Jude gives examples from the past of those who did not follow the Lord. -## translationNotes +# I wish to remind you -* **I wish to remind you** - "I want you to remember" -* **you know everything** - Jude is mainly referring to the writings of Moses that they have been taught. Alternate translation: "you know the writings of Moses." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the Lord once saved a people out of the land of Egypt** - "the Lord rescued the Israelites long ago from Egypt" -* **but that afterward** - "at a later time" or "after something has happened" -* **...their own principality** - Angels who did not keep to their positions or responsibilities entrusted to them. -* **left they proper dwelling place** - "they abandoned their own assigned places" -* **God has kept them in everlasting chains in darkness** - "God has imprisoned these angels in darkness" -* **...the great day** - The final day where God judges all people. +"I want you to remember" + +# although once you fully knew it + +"although at one time you completely knew this" + +# the Lord saved a people out of the land of Egypt + +"the Lord rescued the Israelites long ago from Egypt" + +# the Lord + +Some texts read "Jesus." + +# their own position of authority + +"the responsibilities God entrusted to them" + +# left their proper dwelling place + +"abandoned their own assigned places" + +# God has kept them in everlasting chains, in utter darkness + +"God has put these angels in a dark prison from which they will never escape" + +# the great day + +the final day when God will judge everyone \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/07.md b/jud/01/07.md index ee5bfe87ba..a41720c262 100644 --- a/jud/01/07.md +++ b/jud/01/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the cities around them -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +Here "cities" stands for the people who lived in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# also indulged themselves -* **It is just like** - This is comparing how the angels abandoned their assigned work to people in Sodom and Gomorrah. -* **and the cities around them** - "and the other cities near them" -* **in a similar way gave themselves over** - Sodom and Gomorrah lived in sexual sins the same way as the angels followed evil ways. -* **over to sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desires** - People were having sex outside of marriage. Also men were having sex with men, and women were having sex with women. -* **They were given** - "The people of Sodom and Gomorrah were given" -* **as examples of those who suffer the punishment of eternal fire** - The destruction of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah became an example for the fate of all who reject God. -* **these also pollute ** - "These" refers to people who reject God who pollute their bodies with sexual immorality the same way throwing garbage into a stream can cause the water to be bad to drink. -* **about the glorious ones** - "about God's wonderful angels" +The sexual sins of Sodom and Gomorrah were the result of the same kind of rebellion as the angels' evil ways. + +# as examples of those who suffer the punishment + +The destruction of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah became an example of the fate of all who reject God. + +# these dreamers + +the people who disobey God, probably because they claimed to see visions that gave them authority to do so + +# pollute their bodies + +This metaphor says that their sin makes their bodies—that is, their actions—unacceptable the way garbage in a stream makes the water undrinkable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# say slanderous things + +"speak insults" + +# glorious ones + +This refers to spiritual beings, such as angels. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/09.md b/jud/01/09.md index b95bd000d2..95ed013b18 100644 --- a/jud/01/09.md +++ b/jud/01/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:cain]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Balaam was a prophet who refused to curse Israel for an enemy but then taught that enemy to get the people to marry unbelievers and become idol worshipers. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **argued about the body** - they were arguing over who will take possession of the body. Alternate Translation: "argued about who would take possession of the body." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **(Michael) did not dare to bring against him** - AT: "Michael kept himself from rebuking the devil" -* **condemnation or insulting words** - "strong criticism or disrespectful words" -* **But these people** - "these people" are the ungodly people mentioned earlier. -* **insult all the things that they do not understand** - "speak disrespectfully against anything that they do not know the meaning of" -* ** the way of Cain** - Cain murdered his brother Able. -* **error of Balaam for wages** - Balaam tried to curse Israel for money. -* **Korah's rebellion** - Korah rebelled against Moses' leadership and Aaron's priesthood. +Korah was a man of Israel who rebelled against Moses' leadership and Aaron's priesthood. + +# did not dare to bring + +"controlled himself. He did not bring" or "was not willing to bring" + +# a slanderous judgment + +"an evil-speaking judgment" or "an evil judgment" + +# these people + +the ungodly people + +# bring slanders against + +"say evil, untrue things about" + +# whatever they do not understand + +"anything of which they do not know the meaning." Possible meanings are 1) "everything good that they do not understand" or 2) "the glorious ones, which they do not understand" ([Jude 1:8](./07.md)). + +# the way of Cain + +Cain murdered his brother and did not live for God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/12.md b/jud/01/12.md index f00ae59655..f5cd2a67c7 100644 --- a/jud/01/12.md +++ b/jud/01/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Jude uses a series of metaphors to describe the ungodly men. He tells the believers how to recognize these men when they are among them. -## translationNotes +# These are the ones -* Jude continues with a series of metaphors -* **These are the ones** - "These" refers to the ungodly men. -* **who are hidden reefs** - Like under water rocks that can sink ships, these people are a danger to the believers. Alternate Translation: "who are like dangerous rocks hidden under the water." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in your love-feasts, when they feast with you** - feasts, when they feast with you** - "in your fellowship meals, when they eat with you". -* **clouds without water** - Like clouds that do not provide water to the gardens, these people do not care for the believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **autumn trees without fruit** - As some trees do not produce fruit at the end of summer, so these ungodly people do not have faith and works of righteousness. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **without fruit, twice dead** - Like trees that have been killed twice such as by frost would not give fruit, so the ungodly men have no values and contain no life within them.(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **torn up by the roots** - Like trees that have been completely pulled out of the ground by their roots, the ungodly people have been separated from God who is the source of life. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **wild waves of the sea** - As the sea's waves are blown by a strong wind, so the ungodly people had no foundation of faith and were easily moved in many directions.(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **foaming out of their own shame** - As wind causes wild waves to stir up dirty foam, so these men through their false teaching and actions shame themselves. Alternate translation: "just like waves bring up foam and dirt, these men pollute others with their shame." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **wandering stars for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever** - Just like stars that move move across the sky making it difficult to follow them, so you should not follow these people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "These" refers to the "ungodly men" of [Jude 1:4](./03.md). + +# hidden reefs + +Reefs are large rocks that are very close to the surface of water in the sea. Because sailors cannot see them, they are very dangerous. Ships can easily be destroyed if they hit these rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# autumn trees without fruit + +Possible meanings are that these people are like 1) trees from which people expect to harvest fruit, but they have none, or 2) trees that never bear fruit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fruit + +This is a metaphor for a life that pleases God and helps other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# twice dead, torn up by the roots + +A tree that someone has uprooted is a metaphor for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# torn up by the roots + +Like trees that have been completely pulled out of the ground by their roots, the ungodly people have been separated from God, who is the source of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# violent waves in the sea + +As the sea's waves are blown by a strong wind, so the ungodly people are easily moved in many directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# foaming out their own shame + +As wind causes wild waves to stir up dirty foam—so these men, through their false teaching and actions, shame themselves. AT: "and just as waves bring up foam and dirt, these men pollute others with their shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wandering stars + +Those who studied the stars in ancient times noticed that what we call planets do not move the way that stars do. AT: "disorderly stars" or "moving stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stars, for whom the gloom of thick darkness has been reserved forever + +"stars. For them God has set aside a place of complete darkness, where he will keep them forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/14.md b/jud/01/14.md index fb65b6009f..d35e615411 100644 --- a/jud/01/14.md +++ b/jud/01/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the seventh from Adam -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:enoch]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +If Adam is counted as the first generation of mankind, Enoch is the seventh. If Adam's son is counted as the first, Enoch is sixth in line. -## translationNotes +# Look -* Jude continues to speak out against the ungodly people -* **these people...their works...they have** - These refer to the ungodly people. -* **The seventh in line from Adam** - Seventh generation from Adam. Some translations may say sixth in line depending if Adam is counted as a generation. -* **Look, the Lord...** - "notice, the Lord", or "behold, the Lord" -* **all the hard things** - "all the harsh words" -* **grumblers, complainers** - People who have a disobedient heart. Grumblers tend to do this quietly, complainers do this more openly. -* **loud boasters** - People who praise themselves so that others can hear. +"Listen" or "Pay attention to this important thing I am going to say" + +# to execute judgment on + +"to make judgment on" or "to judge" + +# grumblers, complainers + +People who do not want to obey and speak against godly authority. "Grumblers" tend to speak quietly, while "complainers" speak openly. + +# loud boasters + +People who praise themselves so that others can hear. + +# flatter others + +"give false praise to others" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/17.md b/jud/01/17.md index e3be1b5a52..119a52209d 100644 --- a/jud/01/17.md +++ b/jud/01/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# will follow their own ungodly desires -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] +These people are spoken of as if their desires were kings who ruled over them. AT: "are never able to stop dishonoring God by doing the evil things they wish to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# will follow their own ungodly desires -* **they said to you** - "The apostles said to you" -* **go after their...These are they** - Jude is referring to the mockers. -* **they who cause divisions** - "mockers who create conflicts between believers" -* **they are sensual** - "the mockers pursue sexual sin" +Ungodly desires are spoken of as if they were a path that a person will follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is these people + +"It is these mockers" or "These mockers are the ones" + +# are worldly + +think as other ungodly people think, they value the things that unbelievers value (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they do not have the Spirit + +The Holy Spirit is spoken of as if he were something that people can possess. AT: "the Spirit is not within them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/20.md b/jud/01/20.md index c99104712e..4510facb4f 100644 --- a/jud/01/20.md +++ b/jud/01/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Jude tells the believers how they should live and how they should treat others. -## translationNotes +# But you, beloved -* **As you build yourself up** - As you may grow stronger and healthier in body, so you may strengthen and grow your mind and spirit in the knowledge of God -* **look for..** - "eagerly look forward to..." +"Do not be like them, beloved. Instead" + +# build yourselves up + +Becoming increasingly able to trust in God and obey him is spoken of as if it were the process of constructing a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Keep yourselves in God's love + +Remaining able to receive God's love is spoken of as if one were keeping oneself in a certain place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wait for + +"eagerly look forward to" + +# the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that brings you eternal life + +Here "mercy" stands for Jesus Christ himself, who will show his mercy to the believers by making them live forever with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/22.md b/jud/01/22.md index ca87751dc3..50b2b5d6e7 100644 --- a/jud/01/22.md +++ b/jud/01/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# those who doubt -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +"those who do not yet believe that Jesus is God" -## translationNotes +# snatching them out of the fire -* **some people who are in doubt** - "some people who do not yet believe that God is God" -* **snatching them out of the fire** - "so that they will not go into the lake of fire" -* **and on some have mercy with fear** - "and be kind to others but be afraid of sinning like them." -* **as you hate even the garment spotted by the flesh** - "hate even their clothes, because they are made unclean by sin." They are so full of sin that their clothes are even considered unclean. +The picture is that of pulling people from a fire before they start to burn. AT: "doing for them whatever needs to be done to keep them from dying without Christ. This is like pulling them from the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# To others be merciful with fear + +"Be kind to others, but be afraid of sinning the way they did" + +# Hate even the garment stained by the flesh + +Jude exaggerates to warn his readers that they can become like those sinners. AT: "Treat them as though you could become guilty of sin just by touching their clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/24.md b/jud/01/24.md index 293038aa38..dc773cc69d 100644 --- a/jud/01/24.md +++ b/jud/01/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] +Jude closes with a blessing. -## translationNotes +# to cause you to stand before his glorious presence -* **to keep you from stumbling** - Just as one can trip over a stone when walking, so one can stumble by sinning before God. Alternate translation: "to help to continue trusting him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and to place you before the presence of his glory** - His glory is brilliant light that represents his greatness. Alternate translation: "and to allow you to enjoy and worship his glory." -* **without blemish in exceeding joy** - "without sin and in great joy." or "and you will not have any sin and you will be full of joy" -* **to the only God our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord,** - "to the only God, who saved us because of what Jesus Christ did." -* **be glory, majesty, dominion and power, before all time, and now, and for evermore. Amen** - God always had, has, and will have glory, absolute leadership and complete control of all things. +His glory is brilliant light that represents his greatness. AT: "and to allow you to enjoy and worship his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# glorious presence without blemish and with + +Here sin is spoken of as if it were dirt on one's body or a flaw on one's body. AT: "glorious presence, where you will be without sin and have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the only God our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord + +"to the only God, who saved us because of what Jesus Christ did." This emphasizes that God the Father as well as the Son is the Savior. + +# be glory, majesty, dominion, and power, before all time, now, and forevermore + +God has always had, now has, and always will have glory, absolute leadership, and complete control of all things. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/front/intro.md b/jud/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0acbf3ffa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jud/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Introduction to Jude # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Jude #### + +1. Introduction (1:1-2). +1. Warning against false teachers (3-4). +1. Old Testament examples (5-16). +1. Proper Response (17-23). +1. Praises to God (24-25). + +#### What is the Book of Jude about? #### + +The purpose of this letter is to warn believers against false teachers. Jude refers to Old Testament accounts to give strength to his arguments. Because of this, the author may have been writing to a Jewish Christian audience. This letter also shares many ideas with 2 Peter, including angels, Sodom and Gomorrah as symbols of evil, and warnings against false teachers. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Jude." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Letter from Jude" or "The Letter Jude Wrote." Jude is the same name as Judah or Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Jude? #### + +The letter was probably written by a brother of James, Jesus' half-brother. It is unknown whether this letter was intended for a specific church. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Who were the people Jude spoke against? #### + +It is possible that the people Jude spoke against were those who would eventually become known as "Gnostics." These people believed that Jesus was completely God but that he was not really a human with a physical body on earth. They believed this because they viewed the physical world as evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### What is apostasy? #### + +Apostasy is the abandonment of the biblical gospel and teaching that occurs when a believer goes against some of the essentials of the Christian faith. Jude instructs his readers to defend these essential doctrines of Scripture. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/01.md b/lam/01/01.md index b0a659d3b5..ff6050b302 100644 --- a/lam/01/01.md +++ b/lam/01/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Various poetic forms are used throughout this book. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# is now sitting all alone -* See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] ​and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]. -* **She** - The writer of Lamentations writes about the city of Jerusalem as if it is a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **like a widow** - This phrase compares Jerusalem to a woman who is without protection because her husband has died. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **She was a princess among the nations** - AT: "Other nations honored Jerusalem like they would honor the daughter of a king" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **forced into slavery** - AT: "forced to become a slave" -* **She weeps and wails** - The author describes Jerusalem as having emotions like a human being. The city also stands for her inhabitants. AT: "Those who live in her weep and wail" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **weeps and wails** - These words mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how sad she is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This speaks of the city of Jerusalem being empty, as if it were a woman who was sitting alone. AT: "is now empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She + +The writer of Lamentations writes about the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# like a widow + +This speaks of Jerusalem as being without protection, as if it were a vulnerable widow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# She was a princess among the nations + +This speaks of Jerusalem being honored as if it were a princess. AT: "She was like a princess among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# forced into slavery + +"forced to become a slave." This can be stated in active form. AT: "but she is now a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# She weeps and wails ... and her tears cover her cheeks + +The author describes Jerusalem as having emotions like a human being. The city also stands for her inhabitants. AT: "Those who live in her weep and wail ... and their tears cover their cheeks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# weeps and wails + +The word "wails" refers to the sounds that a person makes when they "weep" loudly. AT: "weeps loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# None of her lovers comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her + +This speaks of the people groups that had been faithful to Jerusalem betraying Jerusalem, as if the people groups were Jerusalem's lovers and friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/03.md b/lam/01/03.md index 6e645f1f04..d5f66c182f 100644 --- a/lam/01/03.md +++ b/lam/01/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +In these verses, Jerusalem and Judah are spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# After poverty and affliction -* **Judah has gone into captivity** - AT: "the people of Judah have gone into captivity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **She** - She is the kingdom of Judah who is described as a woman. She also stands for the citizens of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **find no rest** - "does not find rest" AT: "is always afraid" -* **All her pursuers overtook her** - AT: "Everyone who was chasing her managed to capture her" or "Everyone who was hunting for her found her" -* **in her desperation** - AT: "when she was desperate" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +"After suffering poverty and affliction" + +# Judah has gone into exile + +Here Judah refers to its inhabitants. AT: "the people of Judah have gone into exile" or "the people of Judah have been taken into a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# She lives ... finds + +Here the kingdom of Judah is described as a woman. "She" also stands for the citizens of Judah. AT: "Her people live ... they find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# finds no rest + +"does not find rest" or "is always afraid" + +# All her pursuers overtook her in her desperation + +This speaks of the people of Judah being captured by their enemies as if they were a woman who was captured by those pursuing her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# All her pursuers overtook her + +"Everyone who was chasing her managed to capture her" or "Everyone who was hunting for her found her" + +# in her desperation + +The word "desperation" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "when she was desperate" or "when she was distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/04.md b/lam/01/04.md index 4592a770ee..0b95c83d93 100644 --- a/lam/01/04.md +++ b/lam/01/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# The roads of Zion mourn -* **The roads of Zion mourn** - The author speaks of the roads that lead to Zion mourning as if they were human beings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the appointed feasts** - AT: "the feasts that God told them to celebrate" -* **her gates ... Her priests ...** - The word "her" refers to Zion. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **is in complete distress** - "is bitter" or "is despairing" -* **Her adversaries have become her master** - AT: "Zion's adversaries rule over her" -* **her enemies prosper** - AT: "her enemies become rich" or "her enemies are going great" +The author speaks of the roads that lead to Zion mourning as if they were human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the appointed feasts + +"the feasts that God told them to celebrate" + +# All her gates are desolate + +The word "her" refers to Zion. AT: "All of Zion's gates are empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Her virgins are sorrowful and she herself is in complete distress + +Here the people of Zion being distressed are spoken of as if they were a woman in distress. AT: "Zion's virgins are sorrowful, and its people despairing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Her adversaries have become her master; her enemies prosper + +"Zion's adversaries rule over it; its enemies prosper" + +# Yahweh has afflicted her for her many sins + +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people of Zion for their sins as if they were a woman that Yahweh was punishing. AT: "Yahweh has afflicted her people because of the sins they have committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Her little children go into captivity to her adversary + +The word "captivity" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "Her enemy captures her little children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/06.md b/lam/01/06.md index b4b4200d21..eccf2e74fc 100644 --- a/lam/01/06.md +++ b/lam/01/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Beauty has left the daughter of Zion -* **beauty has left the daughter of Zion** - AT: "everything that was beautiful about the daughter of Zion is destroyed" -* **daughter of Zion** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **like deer that cannot find pasture** - The princes are compared with deer that have nothing to eat. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **deer** - A deer is a medium-sized, grass-eating animal that is often hunted by humans for food. It is also a beautiful animal to look at. -* **without strength before** - AT: "but are not strong enough to run away from" -* **their pursuer** - AT: "the person that is pursuing them" +This speaks of everything beautiful in Zion being destroyed as if "beauty" were a person that left Zion. AT: "Everything that was beautiful about the daughter of Zion is destroyed" + +# daughter of Zion + +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Her princes have become like deer that cannot find pasture + +This speaks of Zion's princes having nothing to eat like deer that cannot find grass to eat. AT: "Her princes are starving, they are like deer that cannot find grass to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# deer + +A deer is a medium-sized, grass-eating animal that is often hunted by humans for food. It is also a beautiful animal to look at. + +# they go without strength before + +"they are not strong enough to run away from" or "they are very weak before" + +# their pursuer + +"the person that is pursuing them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/07.md b/lam/01/07.md index 006b48ce5c..25e1a7d85a 100644 --- a/lam/01/07.md +++ b/lam/01/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# In the days of her affliction and her homelessness -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] +"During the time of her affliction and her homelessness" -## translationNotes +# Jerusalem will call to mind -* **In the days of her affliction and her homelessness** - AT: "during her affliction and her homelessness" or "When Jerusalem is afflicted and homeless" -* **Jerusalem will call to mind** - AT: "Jerusalem will remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **treasures** - "wealth" -* **in former days** - AT: "in the past" or "before this disaster happened" -* **When her people fell into the hand of the adversary** - Here the word "hand" refers to the army of the enemy. AT: "When the adversary conquered and captured her people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **no one helped her** - "there was no helper for her" -* **saw her and laughed at her destruction** - This means that they were glad and mocked Jerusalem when it was destroyed. -* **at her destruction** - AT: "because she was destroyed" or "while they destroyed her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Here "Jerusalem" refers to the people who live there. The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom. AT: "the people of Jerusalem will remember" or "Jerusalem will remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# precious treasures + +This refers to their valuable possessions. + +# in former days + +"in the past." This refers to the time before the people of Jerusalem were captured. AT: "before this disaster happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When her people fell into the hand of the adversary + +Here the word "hand" refers the control of the enemy army. AT: "When the adversary conquered and captured her people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# saw her and laughed at her destruction + +This means that they were glad and mocked Jerusalem when it was destroyed. + +# at her destruction + +This word "destruction" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "because she was destroyed" or "while they destroyed her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/08.md b/lam/01/08.md index 8b12fcc9e4..4803cade96 100644 --- a/lam/01/08.md +++ b/lam/01/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The city of Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Jerusalem sinned greatly, therefore, she has become scorned as something that is filthy -* **Jerusalem sinned greatly** - This describes Jerusalem as a person who sinned, while it also stands for the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **she has become like a menstrual rag** - According to Old Testament law, a woman was ritually unclean during her monthly bleeding. "Jerusalem's sins have made her completely unclean and unacceptable before God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **her nakedness** - Jerusalem is described as a woman whose private parts have been shown to everyone to shame her. AT: "her naked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **She has become unclean beneath her skirts** - This is a reference to a woman's monthly bleeding that would make her unclean. -* **She has gone down shockingly** - AT: "Her downfall was astonishing" or "she was destroyed by surprise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Look at my affliction, Yahweh** - Possible meanings are that 1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or 2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Look at ** - AT: "Pay attention to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This speaks of Jerusalem being scorned in the same way that a woman is scorned when she is unclean. According to the Law of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. AT: "Jerusalem's sins have made her filthy and unclean, and therefore she was unacceptable before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Jerusalem sinned greatly + +This describes Jerusalem as a woman who sinned, while it also stands for the inhabitants of Jerusalem. AT: "The people of Jerusalem sinned greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has become scorned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has become an object of scorn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# her nakedness + +"her naked." Jerusalem is described as a woman whose private parts have been exposed to everyone to shame her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# She has become unclean beneath her skirts + +According to the Law of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. This speaks of Jerusalem being unclean, as if it were a menstruating woman. AT: "Jerusalem has become unclean, as when a woman is unclean beneath her skirts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers to be spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Her fall was terrible + +The phrase "her fall" is an idiom. AT: "Her downfall was astonishing" or "Those who saw her destruction were surprised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Look at my affliction, Yahweh + +Possible meanings are that 1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or 2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Look at + +"Pay attention to" + +# the enemy has become too great + +This means that they enemy army has become too large and powerful and has defeated Jerusalem. AT: "the enemy army has defeated me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/10.md b/lam/01/10.md index 9403e992a6..e9c49a350b 100644 --- a/lam/01/10.md +++ b/lam/01/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# has put his hand on -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +This is an idiom. AT: "has taken possession of" or "has stolen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# precious treasures -* **has put his hand on** - AT: "has taken possession of" or "has stolen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **treasures** - "wealth" -* **she has seen** - The word "she" refers to Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **you had commanded** - The word "you" refers to Yahweh. This means the author or the city is still speaking, after starting in [[:en:bible:notes:lam:01:08]]. +This refers to their valuable possessions. + +# She has seen + +The word "She" refers to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the nations + +This refers to people from various nations, not the entire population of those nations. AT: "people from the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you had commanded + +The word "you" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/11.md b/lam/01/11.md index 65239976c8..5a983d4ef2 100644 --- a/lam/01/11.md +++ b/lam/01/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# her people -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:torment]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem which is described as if it were a woman. AT: "her inhabitants" or "the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# bread -* **her people** - The word "her" refers to Jerusalem who is described as if she were a woman. AT: "her inhabitants" or "the people of the city" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **treasures** - "wealth" -* **to restore their life** - AT: "to save their life" or "to restore their stength" -* **Look, Yahweh, and consider me** - Here Jerusalem begins to speak directly to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by?** - This is an accusation of the people who walk past Jerusalem and do not care for it. It has the form of a rhetorical question to sharply rebuke them. AT: "All you who pass by should care more for my affliction!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Is it nothing to you** - Here Jerusalem continues to speak, but now to people who pass by. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Look and see** - These words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the sorrow that is being inflicted on me** - AT: "the sorrow that Yahweh is inflicting upon me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **on the day of his fierce anger** - AT: "when he was fiercely angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to food in general. AT: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# They have given their precious treasures for food + +This means they traded their wealth and their valuables in exchange for food. AT: "They have traded their precious treasures in exchange for food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# precious treasures + +This refers to their valuable possessions. + +# to restore their lives + +"to save their lives" or "to restore their strength" + +# Look, Yahweh, and consider me + +Here Jerusalem speaks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? + +This rhetorical question is an accusation aganist the people who walk past Jerusalem and do not care about its well-being. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "All you who pass by should care more for my affliction!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is it nothing to you + +Here Jerusalem continues to speak, but now to people who pass by instead of to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Look and see + +These words share similar meanings. Together they invite the reader to understand by seeing that no one has suffered so much. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the sorrow that is being inflicted on me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sorrow that Yahweh is inflicting upon me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the day of his fierce anger + +Here the word "day" is used as an idiom. AT: "when he was fiercely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/13.md b/lam/01/13.md index 39e4fe45a2..5ed57d79fe 100644 --- a/lam/01/13.md +++ b/lam/01/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:onhigh]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# on high -* **he has sent fire into my bones** - In this passage "he" refers to God and "my" to Jerusalem, who still speaks to other people as if it is a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **has sent fire into my bones, and it has conquered them** - AT: "has sent a painful punishment into my inner being, and it has destroyed me" or "has sent a destructive punishment into the middle of Jerusalem, and it has destroyed the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **given me over into their hands** - AT: "let my enemies defeat me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he has sent fire into my bones, and it has conquered them + +This speaks of Yahweh punishing Jerusalem as if Jerusalem were a person that Yahweh were punishing with fire. AT: "he has sent a painful punishment into my inner being, and it has destroyed me" or "he has sent a destructive punishment into the middle of Jerusalem, and it has destroyed the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has sent fire into my bones + +Here "fire" represents pain and "bones" represents one's inner being. AT: "has sent pain into my bones" or "has sent pain into my inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He has spread a net for my feet + +This speaks of Yahweh punishing Jerusalem as if Jerusalem were a person that Yahweh had set a trap for. This refers to a type of trap usually used to catch an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turned me back + +This is an idiom. AT: "prevented my from walking any further" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The yoke of my transgressions ... They are knit together and placed upon my neck + +This speaks of the people of Jerusalem's sins as if they were a yoke bearing a heavy burden that Yahweh had placed on their necks. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "My transgressions are like a yoke that he has bound together with his hands and placed upon my neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# given me over into their hands + +"given me over into the hands of my enemies." Here their enemies' control is represented by their "hands." AT: "given my over to the control of my enemies" or "let my enemies defeat me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am not able to stand + +This is an idiom. AT: "I cannot resist them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/15.md b/lam/01/15.md index 30716ec901..efc2babf88 100644 --- a/lam/01/15.md +++ b/lam/01/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# mighty men -* **my mighty men who defended me** - In this section Jerusalem is still described as a woman talking about herself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **vigorous men** - men at the strongest time of their lives -* **The Lord has trampled ... in a winepress** - Here the judgement of God is described as if Jerusalem was a bunch of grapes that God squashed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the virgin daughter of Judah** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. The word "virgin" suggests that this woman is pure. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"strongest soldiers" + +# an assembly + +Here the enemy army attacking Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a meeting of people who have come together in order to accuse and condemn someone. AT: "a great army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to crush my vigorous men + +This speaks of the enemy army defeating the soldiers of Jerusalem as if they crushed them. AT: "to defeat my vigorous men" + +# vigorous men + +This refers to men at the strongest time of their lives. + +# The Lord has trampled ... in the winepress + +Here the judgment of God is described as if Jerusalem were grapes on which he had trampled in order to squeeze out the juice. AT: "It is as though the Lord has trampled upon the virgin daughter of Judah in a winepress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the virgin daughter of Judah + +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. The word "virgin" suggests that this woman is pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/16.md b/lam/01/16.md index 83052ec822..6e83485a7c 100644 --- a/lam/01/16.md +++ b/lam/01/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# for a comforter is far from me, one who restores my life -* **I weep** - This is still Jerusalem speaking as if it were a woman, now having the emotion of sadness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Zion has spread her arms wide** - Zion is like a person that lifts up her arms to ask for help. Here Jerusalem no longer speaks herself, but the author describes Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **those around Jacob** - AT: "the people around Jacob" or "the nations surrounding Jacob" -* **should be his adversaries** - Here the word "his" refers to Jacob. +This speaks of Jerusalem having no one to comfort her as if she did have a comforter, but that he was far away. The word "comforter" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "for there is no one to comfort me and restore my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# restores my life + +"revives me" + +# Zion has spread her hands wide + +Here Jerusalem no longer speaks about herself; instead the author describes Jerusalem. He speaks of Zion as if it were a woman that lifts up her hands to ask for help. AT: "Zion has reached out for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# those around Jacob + +"the people around Jacob" or "the nations surrounding Jacob" + +# around Jacob should be his adversaries + +Here "Jacob" refers to his descendants, that is Israel. AT: "around Jacob's descendants should be their adversaries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/18.md b/lam/01/18.md index 9b3588ac35..9c3dc9ebc3 100644 --- a/lam/01/18.md +++ b/lam/01/18.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh is righteous -* **I have rebelled** - Here Jerusalem begins to speak again, as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **see my sorrow** - AT: "see how extremely sad I am" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **My virgins and my vigorous men** - AT: "so many of my people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **vigorous men** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:lam:01:15]]. -* **they were treacherous towards me** - AT: "they betrayed me" -* **to restore their lives** - AT: “to save their lives” or “to restore their strength” +This implies that what Yahweh has done, he has done because he is righteous. AT: "Yahweh has acted out of his righteousness" or "What Yahweh has done is right" + +# see my sorrow + +The word "sorrow" can be expressed as a "sad." AT: "see how extremely sad I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# My virgins and my vigorous men have gone into captivity + +Here all of the people of Jerusalem who were taken into captivity are represented by the "virgins" and the "vigorous men" who were taken. AT: "Many of my people, including my virgins and vigorous men, have gone into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# vigorous men + +This refers to men at the strongest time of their lives. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 1:15](./15.md). + +# I called for my friends + +"I called for my friends to help me" or "I called for my allies to help me" + +# they were treacherous toward me + +This means that they betrayed him. AT: "they betrayed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to restore their lives + +"to save their lives" or "to restore their strength" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/20.md b/lam/01/20.md index 0212ce5aac..a979e10838 100644 --- a/lam/01/20.md +++ b/lam/01/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Look, Yahweh, for I am in distress -* **for I am in distress** - Jerusalem continues to talk about herself as if she were a woman, but now talks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **my innermost parts churn about** - The word "churn" means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean literally, but it is how it feels. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **My heart is turned within me** - AT: "My heart is broken" or "I am extremely sad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I have grievously rebelled** - "I have rebelled greatly" -* **the sword takes our children** - The sword stands for the enemy, and "takes" means "kills". AT: "the enemy kills our children" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **at home it is like the world of the dead ** - Possible meanings are 1) at home everyone is dying or 2) at home is like a grave. +Jerusalem continues to talk about herself as if she were a woman, but now talks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# my stomach churns + +The word "churn" means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the woman, representing Jerusalem, feels. AT: "my insides ache" or "my stomach hurts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my heart is disturbed within me + +Here the woman, representing Jerusalem, refers to her "heart" to emphasize her feelings. AT: "my heart is broken" or "I am extremely sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the sword bereaves a mother + +The "sword" represents the enemy. AT: "the enemy kills a mother's children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# inside the house there is only death + +Possible meanings are 1) "inside the house, everyone is dying" or 2) "and inside the house the dead people are kept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/21.md b/lam/01/21.md index f4fa76ee5b..dbf00a4854 100644 --- a/lam/01/21.md +++ b/lam/01/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:torment]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# They have heard my groaning -* **Hear me groan** - Jerusalem continues to speak like a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **my adversity** - "my misery" or "my injury" or "my disaster" -* **you have done it** - Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh. -* **Bring the day that** - AT: "Today, do what" or "Bring about soon what" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"People have heard my groaning." Jerusalem continues to speak as if she were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you have done it + +Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh. + +# You have brought the day you promised + +The phrase "the day" is an idiom that refers to a specific event happening. AT: "You have done what you have promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# now let them become like me + +This is a request for Jerusalem's enemies to suffer as the people of Jerusalem have. AT: "now let them suffer like me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let all their wickedness come before you + +This is a request for Yahweh to judge Jerusalem's enemies for their wickedness. The phrase "come before you" is an idiom. AT: "Pay attention to all of the wickedness they have committed" or "Judge them for all of their wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# deal with them as you have dealt with me + +This is a request for Yahweh to punish Jerusalem's enemies as he punished the people of Jerusalem. AT: "punish them as you have punished me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my heart is faint + +Here the "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I am faint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/intro.md b/lam/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0324188c18 --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Lamentations 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Judah destroyed for her sin ##### + +Judah used to be great, but is now a slave. The temple is stripped of all its valuables. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Lamentations 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Lamentations intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/01.md b/lam/02/01.md index 179a797ccf..f48a2fa739 100644 --- a/lam/02/01.md +++ b/lam/02/01.md @@ -1,30 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:disgrace]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress, fortified city]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +A new poem begins. The writer of Lamentations uses many different ways to express that the people of Israel have lost God's favor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The Lord has covered the daughter of Zion under the cloud of his anger -* A new poem begins. The writer of Lamentations uses many different ways to express that the people of Israel have lost God's favor. (See: [[en:ta:workbench:translate:poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] ​and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **dark cloud** - Possible meanings are 1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or 2) God has already harmed the people (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **daughter of Zion...daughter of Judah** - These are poetic names for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **He has cast down the beauty of Israel from heaven to the earth** - "Jerusalem has lost all favor with the Lord" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **ignored his footstool** - Possible meanings are 1) "not considered his covenant" or 2) "has removed his presence." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **day of his anger** - a general period of time, not one 24-hour day AT: "at the time when he displayed his anger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **swallowed up** - "completely destroyed" like an animal leaves nothing when he swallows food (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah** - Possible meanings are 1) the fortified cities throughout Judah, or 2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem. +This speaks of the Lord's anger against Jerusalem (Zion) as if it were a dark cloud. Possible meanings are 1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or 2) God has already harmed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the daughter of Zion ... the daughter of Judah + +These are poetic names for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Translate "the daughter of Zion" as you did in [Lamentations 1:6](../01/06.md).(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He has thrown the splendor of Israel down from heaven to earth + +The phrase "the splendor of Israel" refers to Jerusalem. This passage speaks of the people of Jerusalem losing favor with the Lord as if he threw them out of his presence. The phrase "from heaven to earth" is a great distance used to represent how much they lost favor with the Lord. AT: "Jerusalem, the splendor of Israel, has lost all favor with the Lord" or "Jerusalem has lost all favor with the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He has not remembered his footstool + +This is a reference to the Lord having considered Jerusalem his "footstool" in the past, which symbolized that he had authority over them and that they were submissive to him. This speaks of the Lord disregarding Jerusalem as his footstool as if he did not remember them. AT: "He disregarded Jerusalem as his footstool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not remembered + +This speaks of the Lord not paying attention to Jerusalem as if he did not remember them. AT: "disregarded" or "paid no attention to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on the day of his anger ... the days of his anger + +Here "day" is used as an idiom that refers to a general period of time. AT: "at the time when he displays his anger ... the time of his anger" or "at the time he acts in his anger ... the time of his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# swallowed up + +This speaks of the Lord completely destroying the towns as if he were an animal who ate them. AT: "completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the towns of Jacob + +Here "the towns of Jacob" refers to the towns where his descendants lived. AT: "all the towns of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah + +Possible meanings are 1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or 2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/03.md b/lam/02/03.md index 6f0a26084c..cf840423d2 100644 --- a/lam/02/03.md +++ b/lam/02/03.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +The author continues the use of metaphors to express how the Lord opposed Judah. -## translationNotes +# he has cut off every horn of Israel -* The writer continues the use of metaphors to express God's opposition to Judah. -* **he has cut off all the strength of Israel** - Some versions read, "He has cut off the horn of Israel," but "horn" (that is, an animal horn) stands for "strength." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **drawn back his right hand** - "stopped protecting us from our enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He has strung his bow at us** - Some versions read, "He has bent his bow." A soldier had to put the string on his bow before he could shoot it. AT: "He has made his bow ready to shoot us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **tent of the daughter of Zion** - AT: "the people's homes in Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **daughter of Zion** - These is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: Personification) -* **poured out his wrath like fire** - "shown how angry he is by destroying everything like a person setting fires would" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This speaks of the Lord taking away Israel's strength as if he were cutting off its horns. The word "horn" refers to an animal horn, not a musical instrument. AT: "he has taken away all of Israel's strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# withdrawn his right hand from before the enemy + +Here the Lord's protection is represented by his "right hand." AT: "stopped protecting us from our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He has burned up Jacob like a blazing fire that devours everything around it + +This speaks of how the Lord has destroyed Jacob as if a fire has completely burned it. AT: "He has destroyed Jacob like a blazing fire destroys everything" + +# Jacob + +Here "Jacob" refers to the places where his descendants lived. AT: "Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Like an enemy he has bent his bow toward us, with his right is ready to shoot + +A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. This speaks of the Lord preparing to attack Israel as if he were an enemy about to shoot them with a bow and arrow. AT: "He has prepared to kill us, like an enemy who has made his bow ready to shoot us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# in the tent of the daughter of Zion + +The "daughter of Zion" is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. The phrase "tent of the daughter of Zion" speaks of Jerusalem as a "tent" emphasizing that it is the home of those who live there. AT: "who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has poured out his wrath like fire + +This speaks of the Lord's wrath as if it were a liquid that he were pouring out on the people. His wrath is also compared to a "fire" to emphasize how destructive it is. AT: "in his anger he has destroyed everything like a blazing fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/05.md b/lam/02/05.md index caa4abb0e2..f6463f1e47 100644 --- a/lam/02/05.md +++ b/lam/02/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# swallowed up -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This speaks of the Lord completely destroying Israel as if he were animal who ate them. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:2](./01.md). AT: "completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# her palaces ... her strongholds -* **swallowed up** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lam:02:01]]. -* **He has increased mourning and lamentation** - AT: "He has caused more and more people to mourn and lament" -* **daughter of Judah** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_Personification]]) -* **a garden hut** - a very small building for holding farming tools or for sheltering someone who is guarding a garden -* **caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion** - AT: "caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Israel is spoken of as if it were female. + +# He has increased mourning and lamentation within the daughter of Judah + +The words "mourning" and "lamentation" can be expressed as verbs. AT: "He has caused more and more people within the daughter of Judah to mourn and lament" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# daughter of Judah + +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. AT: "Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He has attacked his tabernacle like a garden hut + +This speaks of the tabernacle being easily destroyed, as if it were a garden hut. The Lord caused Israel's enemies to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. AT: "He has caused their enemies to attack his tabernacle as easily as if it were a garden hut" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a garden hut + +a very small building for holding farming tools or for sheltering someone who is guarding a garden + +# He has destroyed the place of the solemn assembly + +The Lord caused Israel's enemies to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. AT: "He has caused the place of the solemn assembly to be destroyed" or "He has caused their enemies to destroy the place of the solemn assembly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the indignation of his anger + +"because he was extremely angry with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/07.md b/lam/02/07.md index d93824d6b4..5f0923ef5f 100644 --- a/lam/02/07.md +++ b/lam/02/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He has given over the walls of her palaces into the hand of the enemy -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Here the enemy's "hand" refers to the enemy's control. AT: "He has allowed the enemy to capture the walls of her palaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the walls of her palaces -* **He has given over...into the hand of the enemy** - AT: "He has turned over...to the enemy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the walls of her citadels** - Here the word "her" may refer either to Jerusalem or to the temple. Possible translations are 1) "the walls of Jerusalem's palaces" or 2) "the walls of the temple." -* **They have made a sound of victory in the house of Yahweh, as on the day of a solemn assembly.** - This is an ironic comparison between the happy, noisy festivals of Israel and the loud shouts of victory of the Babylonians. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +Here the word "her" may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are 1) "the walls of the temple" or 2) "the walls of Jerusalem's palaces." The word "walls" is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as on the day of an appointed feast + +This is an ironic comparison between the happy, noisy festivals of Israel and the loud shouts of victory of the Babylonians. AT: "They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as the Israelites would during an appointed feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# have raised a shout + +This is an idiom. AT: "have shouted victoriously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/08.md b/lam/02/08.md index 835d6821f5..5a8d59ac70 100644 --- a/lam/02/08.md +++ b/lam/02/08.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh decided to destroy the city wall -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh chose to have the wall destroyed and caused Jerusalem's enemy to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# daughter of Zion -* **daughter of Zion** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **He has stretched out the measuring line** - AT: "He has measured the length of the wall" so he knows exactly how much to destroy (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **has not withheld his hand from destroying** - AT: "He has destroyed using all his power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **withheld his hand** - "kept his hand to himself" -* **he has made the ramparts lament and the walls become feeble** - "because he has destroyed the ramparts and walls, they look like people who lament and have lost their strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **ramparts** - Ancient cities had a main “wall” to keep attackers out, and an outer line of “ramparts” to keep attackers from the wall. +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He has stretched out the measuring line + +This speaks of preparing to destroy the wall as if he measured it before he destroyed it, so that he knew how much to destroy. AT: "It is as though he has measured the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has not withheld his hand from destroying + +This can be stated without the double negatives. Also, here the Lord is referred to by his "hand." AT: "with his hand he has destroyed the wall" or "he has destroyed the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He has made the ramparts and wall to lament; together they wasted away + +The walls and ramparts are spoken of as if they were people who lamented and died. AT: "Because he has destroyed the ramparts and walls, they are like people who lament and have lost their strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# ramparts + +Ancient cities had a main "wall" to keep attackers out, and an outer line of "ramparts" to keep attackers from the wall. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/10.md b/lam/02/10.md index 7837c26744..f5a55523a3 100644 --- a/lam/02/10.md +++ b/lam/02/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# daughter of Zion -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# sit on the ground in silence -* **daughter of Zion** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]])[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] -* **sit on the ground** - to show they were mourning (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Often people would sit on the ground to show they were mourning. AT: "sit on the ground, mourning in silence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# They have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth + +These are actions of mourning. AT: "To show their mourning, they have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# have bowed their heads to the ground + +This is an action of mourning. AT: "have sorrowfully bowed their heads to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/11.md b/lam/02/11.md index 3e4780afbd..cdb508fd42 100644 --- a/lam/02/11.md +++ b/lam/02/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +The author shifts from describing Jerusalem to describing his own experience. -## translationNotes +# My eyes have failed from their tears -* The writer shifts from describing Jerusalem to describing his own experience. -* **My tears have ended; my eyes are red** - AT: "I have cried until I cannot cry anymore" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **My liver has been poured out to the ground** - AT: "My entire inner being is in grief" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **because of the crushing of the daughter of my people** - "The daughter of my people" is a poetic name of Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. AT: "because my people have been crushed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Where is grain and wine?** - The phrase "grain and wine" is a common way of saying "food and drink." AT: "Give us something to eat and drink." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "I have cried until I cannot cry anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my stomach churns + +The word "churn" means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the author feels. AT: "my insides ache" or "my stomach hurts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my inner parts are poured out to the ground + +The author speaks of feeling grief in his inner being as if his inner body parts had fallen out of his body onto the ground. AT: "my entire inner being is in grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the daughter of my people + +This is a poetic name of Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. AT: "my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Where is grain and wine? + +This rhetorical question is used as a request for something to eat. The children are telling their mother that they are hungry. The phrase "grain and wine" represents food and drink. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "Give us something to eat and drink." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# as they faint like a wounded man + +This speaks of the children fainting from hunger and thirst in the same way that a wounded man faints. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their lives are poured out on the bosom of their mothers + +This speaks of the children dying as if their lives were a liquid that was being poured out. AT: "they slowly die in the arms of their mothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/13.md b/lam/02/13.md index 49c727c3de..dd741e5046 100644 --- a/lam/02/13.md +++ b/lam/02/13.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The author begins to address Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# What can I say ... Jerusalem? -* The writer begins to address Jerusalem. -* **What can I say ...?** - AT: "There is nothing that I can say ...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **daughter of Jerusalem** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **What will I compare to you ...?** - AT: "There is nothing to which I can compare you ...." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who can heal you?** - AT: "No one can heal you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to express that he does not know what to say to help Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing that I can say ... Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# daughter of Jerusalem ... virgin daughter of Zion + +These are poetic names for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. "Zion" is another name for Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# To what can I compare to you ... Zion? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to express that he does not know how to give comfort to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing to which I can compare you ... Zion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Your wound is as great as the sea + +This speaks of Jerusalem's great suffering as if it were as terrible as the sea is great. AT: "Your suffering is as terrible as the sea is large" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Who can heal you? + +"Who can restore you?" The author uses this rhetorical question to express that there is no one who can restore Jerusalem to the way it was before. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can heal you." or "No one can restore you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# They have not exposed your iniquity to restore your fortunes + +"They did not tell you about your sins to restore your fortunes." The word "fortune" refers to a person's wealth and prosperity. + +# for you they gave utterances + +The word "utterances" can be expressed with the verb "spoke." AT: "they spoke things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/15.md b/lam/02/15.md index 117604a4b2..f43a6968f6 100644 --- a/lam/02/15.md +++ b/lam/02/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# clap their hands ... hiss and shake their heads -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:perfect|perfect, perfection]] +These actions are used to mock and insult others. AT: "mock you by clapping their hands ... hiss and shake their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# the daughter of Jerusalem -* **clap their hands ... they hiss and shake their heads** - ways in which people make fun of others and insult them (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the daughter of Jerusalem** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **"Is this the city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth?'"** - This question is used to express sarcasm. AT: "This city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth' isn't so beautiful or joyful any more!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **"We have swallowed her"** - AT: "We have completely destroyed Jerusalem" like an animal swallows its food (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Is this the city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth'? + +This rhetorical question is used to express sarcasm. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "This city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth,' is not so beautiful or joyful anymore!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The Perfection of Beauty + +"Perfectly Beautiful" + +# grind their teeth + +This action shows a person's anger and that they are mocking others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# We have swallowed her up + +Here the people speak of destroying Jerusalem as if they were an animal swallowing its food. AT: "We have completely destroyed Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We have lived to see it + +This is an idiom. AT: "We have greatly desired to see it happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/17.md b/lam/02/17.md index 8459430ed7..96f02aee89 100644 --- a/lam/02/17.md +++ b/lam/02/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He has overthrown -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"He has destroyed" -## translationNotes +# to rejoice over you -* **he has lifted up the strength of your enemies** - Some versions read, "the horn of your enemies, but "horn" (that is, an animal horn) often stands for strength. AT: "he has increased the strength of your enemies" +This means that the enemy rejoiced because they defeated them. AT: "to rejoice over defeating you" + +# he has lifted up the horn of your enemies + +Here "horn" (that is, an animal horn) represents strength. AT: "he has increased the power of your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/18.md b/lam/02/18.md index 7279a1e63d..b1732880c3 100644 --- a/lam/02/18.md +++ b/lam/02/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Their heart cried out to the Lord -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Here the word "heart" represents the whole person emphasizing one's innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are 1) the people of Jerusalem. AT: "The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being" or 2) the walls are being personified. AT: "You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# walls of the daughter of Zion! Make your tears flow ... of every street -* **Their heart shouts** - Possible meanings are 1) "The people of Jerusalem shout from their innermost being" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) or 2) the speaker wants the walls to shout to Yahweh (see UDB). -* **Walls of the daughter of Zion ... of every street** - The writer speaks to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **the daughter of Zion** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **let tears flow down like a river** - "cry many tears" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **day and night** - "all of the time" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **Give yourself no reprieve** - "Do not allow yourself to rest" -* **the outflow of your eyes** - tears -* **from the beginning of the watches** - "many times during the night," that is, every time a watchman comes on duty -* **Lift up your hands** - This was an action often performed while praying. -* **at the head of every street** - AT: "where the streets come together" or "by the roads" +The writer speaks to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. Some translations take this whole section to be spoken to the "walls," though this can be written with the first phrase "walls of the daughter of Zion!" spoken to the "walls," and the rest of the section spoken directly to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# the daughter of Zion + +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Make your tears flow down like a river + +This speaks of the people crying so much that their tears would flow like a river. AT: "Cry many, many tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# day and night + +These two opposite times of day refer to all the time. AT: "all of the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Give yourself no relief, your eyes no relief + +"Do not allow yourself and your eyes to rest from crying" + +# at the beginning of the night watches + +"many times during the night." This refers to every time a watchman came on duty. + +# Pour out your heart like water before the face of the Lord + +The phrase "pour out your heart like water" is an idiom. Here the Lord is represented by his "face" to emphasize his presence. AT: "Tell the Lord how you feel in your inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Lift up your hands to him + +This was an action often performed while praying. AT: "Lift up your hands to him in prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# for the lives of your children + +This means for them to request that the Lord save their children. AT: "to save the lives of your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# at the corner of every street + +The word "every" here is an exaggeration for "many." AT: "where the streets come together" or "by the roads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/20.md b/lam/02/20.md index 7807d3f13f..c67592dca7 100644 --- a/lam/02/20.md +++ b/lam/02/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Should women eat the fruit of their wombs ... for? -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that it is not right for women to eat their children. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Woman should not eat their own children ... for!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the fruit of their wombs -* **Should the women eat their own fruit...?** - "children who are still young" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This speaks of children having come from their mother as if they were fruit that came from her womb. AT: "their children that they have given birth to" or "their own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Should priest and prophet be slaughtered in the sanctuary of the Lord? + +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the prophets and priests should not be killed. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The prophets and priests should not be slaughtered in the sanctuary of the Lord!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Should priest and prophet be slaughtered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Should our enemies slaughter priests and prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/21.md b/lam/02/21.md index d7ef8795c0..1bc65b0cf1 100644 --- a/lam/02/21.md +++ b/lam/02/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Both the young and the old lie on the dust -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It is implied here that this refers to dead people. AT: "The corpses of both the young and the old lie on the dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Both the young and the old -* **virgins ... vigorous men** - the weakest and strongest of adults (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **vigorous men** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:lam:01:15]]. -* **my terrors** - AT: "the attackers I was afraid of" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **ruthlessly** - "without caring how much they suffered" -* **as in the day of the solemn assembly** - "as if they were coming to a feast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **brought to an end** - AT: "killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These phrases refer to people. These two opposites are used to refer to all ages of people. AT: "Both young people and old people" or "People of all ages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# My young women and my young men have fallen by the sword + +Here the "sword" refers to their enemies. This is a euphemism that means that they were murdered by their enemies. AT: "My young women and my young men have been murdered by their enemies" or "My enemies have murdered my young women and my young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# you have slaughtered them + +This speaks of Yahweh allowing the poeple to be slaughtered as if he killed them himself. AT: "you allowed them to be slaughtered" or "you allowed this to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as you would call the people to a feast day + +"as if they were coming to a feast." This speaks of how Yahweh summoned his enemies as if he were inviting them to a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my terrors + +Here the people the author fears are referred to as his "terrors." AT: "the attackers I was afraid of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on every side + +This is an idiom. AT: "to attack from every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on the day of the anger of Yahweh + +Here "day" is used as an idiom that refers to a general period of time. AT: "at the time when Yahweh acted in his anger" or "during the time that Yahweh displayed his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/intro.md b/lam/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c082d5be7 --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Lamentations 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +God has become Judah's enemy. He is determined to destroy them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Lamentations 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/01.md b/lam/03/01.md index bb5c408df9..7cb040a2e8 100644 --- a/lam/03/01.md +++ b/lam/03/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath, fury]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +A new poem begins. Here the author speaks of the sufferings that his people experienced. He speaks about them as if God had personally attacked only him. However, the writer intends to speak for everyone in the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# who has seen misery -* A new poem begins. See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **under the rod of Yahweh's fury** - The rod is a stick that people used to beat and punish someone. AT: "Because Yahweh is angrily beating me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **walk in darkness rather than light** - This means to live in confusion and gloom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he has turned against me; he turns his hand against me** - AT: "he has become my enemy; he uses his power to punish me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "has seen" represents has experienced. AT: "who has experienced misery" or "who has suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under the rod of Yahweh's fury + +Being "under the rod" represents being beaten with a rod. The author speaks of God's punishment as if God had beaten him with a rod. AT: "because Yahweh was very angry and has beaten me with a rod" or "because Yahweh was very angry and has punished me severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He drove me away + +"He forced me to go away" + +# caused me to walk in darkness rather than light + +Here "darkness" represents suffering. AT: "caused me to suffer terribly with no hope, like a person walking in darkness rather than light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he turned his hand against me + +Here "turned his hand against me" represents attacking him. The author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if God had attacked him. AT: "he has attacked me" or "he has caused many bad things to happen to me, like someone who attacks a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He made my flesh and my skin waste away; he broke my bones + +Possible meanings are 1) these things are a result of being beaten or 2) these are more ways that God punished the man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/05.md b/lam/03/05.md index a8ac0fc739..bfd376ce52 100644 --- a/lam/03/05.md +++ b/lam/03/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He built up siege works against me -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +Siege works are ramps that an army builds around a city to enable them to climb over the city walls and invade the city. -## translationNotes +# He built up siege works against me -* **he has built up siege works against me** - Siege works are ramps of dirt that enable the attacking army to cross over the city walls and invade the city. AT: "He has surrounded me as if I were a city under attack." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **surrounded me with bitterness and hardship** - AT: "surrounded me with things that are painful and hard to bear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he shuts out my prayers** - AT: "he refuses to hear my prayers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if he were a city and God was an enemy that built up siege works against him. AT: "God attacked me like an enemy army that sets up siege works around a city" or 2) the author speaks of God causing the enemy army to attack Jerusalem as if God were the enemy. AT: "God caused the enemy army to build up siege works against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# surrounded me with bitterness and hardship + +This represents God causing him to experience much bitterness and hardship. AT: "caused me to experience much bitterness and hardship" or "caused me to suffer and have many problems" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bitterness + +Here "bitterness" represents suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He made me live in dark places, like those who died long ago + +Here "dark places" is a metaphor for suffering. The author compares the intensity of his suffering to the intensity of the darkness that those who died long ago experience. AT: "The suffering that he causes me is intense like the darkness of the grave" or "He makes me suffer terribly, as if I were in the darkness of those who died long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He built a wall around me and I cannot escape. He made my chains heavy + +This represents the continuing suffering. Like a person who cannot escape from prison, the author cannot make his suffering stop. AT: "My suffering continues. It is as though he has built a wall around me and put heavy chains on me, and I cannot escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he shut out my prayer + +The author speaks about God refusing to listen to his prayers as though God was shutting his ears so that the author's prayers could not go into them. AT: "he refuses to hear my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/09.md b/lam/03/09.md index c274aad87d..875c791c4f 100644 --- a/lam/03/09.md +++ b/lam/03/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He blocked my path -* [[en:tw:bear]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] +The author speaks of God causing him to continue to suffer as if God was preventing him from escaping the suffering by blocking his path. AT: "It is as though he blocked my path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a wall of hewn stone -* **blocked my path** - "prevented me from escaping from him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **hewn stone** - stones that someone has cut into regular shapes that fit together and make the wall strong -* **stone; every way I take is crooked** - Possible meanings are 1) "stone, and so I cannot go anywhere" (see UDB) or 2) "stone; every road I take leads nowhere" -* **He has turned aside my paths** - Possible meanings are 1) "He has dragged me off the path" (see UDB) or 2) "He has caused my path to turn in the wrong direction" +"a wall of cut stones." People would cut stones into regular shapes that could fit together well in order to build a strong wall. + +# he made my paths crooked + +Crooked paths do not lead people to where they want to go. Here they represent unsuccessful ways of escaping suffering. AT: "it is as though he has made my paths crooked" or "I have tried to make the suffering stop, but God has prevented me, like one who prevents another from escaping by making his paths crooked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He is like a bear waiting to ambush me, a lion in hiding + +The author speaks of God being ready to cause him to suffer more, as if God were a wild animal waiting to attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he turned aside my paths + +Possible meanings are 1) "he dragged me off the path" or 2) "he caused my path to turn in the wrong direction" + +# he has made me desolate + +"he has made me hopeless" or "he has not allowed me to have any help" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/12.md b/lam/03/12.md index 3281c404e6..b685a4f4b3 100644 --- a/lam/03/12.md +++ b/lam/03/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +God is often spoken of as if he were a warrior. -## translationNotes +# He bent his bow -* **He has bent his bow** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lam:02:03]]. -* **quiver** - bag worn on the back in which to store arrows -* **kidneys** - abdominal organs that feed urine into the bladder. AT: "deep into my body" (UDB) or 2) "into my heart." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a laughingstock to all my people** - Possible meanings are 1) "someone at whom all Israel laughs" or 2) "someone at whom all people on earth laugh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **He has filled me with bitterness** - "It is as though he has forced me to eat bitter herbs" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **wormwood** - bitter juice from the leaves and flowers of a plant +A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. The author speaks of God deciding to cause him trouble as if God were a warrior ready to shoot him with an arrow. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:4](../02/03.md). AT: "It was as if God made his bow ready to shoot" + +# He pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver + +The author speaks of the deep grief he feels as if God had shot his kidneys with an arrow. AT: "My grief is great. It is as if he pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my kidneys + +The kidneys are abdominal organs that move urine into the bladder. They are a metaphor for a person's emotions. AT: "deep into my body" or 2) "my heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# quiver + +a bag worn on the back in which to store arrows + +# a laughingstock to all my people + +The word "all" is a generalization, meaning "most." AT: "a laughingstock to most of my people" or "someone whom all my people mock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# laughingstock + +someone whom many people mock + +# He filled me with bitterness + +Here "bitterness" represents suffering. It is referred to as if it were something that could fill the speaker. AT: "He has caused me to suffer very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# forced me to drink wormwood + +Wormwood is the bitter juice from the leaves and flowers of a certain plant. Drinking that bitter juice represents suffering. AT: "it is as though he forced me to drink something very bitter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/16.md b/lam/03/16.md index 6f012157c1..ad24d4203f 100644 --- a/lam/03/16.md +++ b/lam/03/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He crushed my teeth with gravel -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had forced him to chew gravel. AT: "He has humiliated me, like someone who forces another to chew gravel" or 2) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed his face down into the gravel on the ground. AT: "He has humiliated me, like someone who pushes another man's face down into the gravel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he has pushed me down into the dust -* **He has crushed...he has pushed me** - are two expressions for God humbling the author. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **You have removed peace from my life** - The author is no longer experiencing joy or pleasure in his life. -* **my endurance has perished** - Some versions translate, "My glory has perished," but here "glory" stands for endurance or strength. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed him down into the dust on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My soul is deprived of peace + +Possible meanings are 1) the author's experiences are not peaceful. AT: "I have no peace in my life" or 2) the author does not feel peace. AT: "I feel no peace in my soul" + +# My endurance has perished and so has my hope in Yahweh + +The author speaks as if his ability to endure more suffering and his hope that Yahweh will help him were living beings that have died. AT: "I cannot endure anymore suffering and I can no longer hope that Yahweh will help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# endurance + +Some versions translate this as "glory" or "splendor." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/19.md b/lam/03/19.md index deb2e6fac0..dfd24f0840 100644 --- a/lam/03/19.md +++ b/lam/03/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] +In verses 19 to 42, the writer thinks about the lessons that he and his fellow citizens should learn about God and his anger and mercy. -## translationNotes +# wormwood and bitterness -* **wormwood and bitterness** - Wormwood is a plant that gives a liquid which is very bitter to drink. "Wormwood" and "bitterness" have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **I bow down within myself** - This expression refers to depression and despair. AT: "my soul melts within me" or "I am in despair" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **But I call this to mind** - The Author is about to tell the audience what he has hope in. +Wormwood is a plant that gives a liquid which is very bitter to drink. Together "wormwood" and "bitterness" represent severe suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am bowed down within me + +The author speaks of his deep sadness and despair as if he were bowed down. AT: "I am depressed" or "I am discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But I call this to mind + +This means to intentionally think about something. The word "this" refers to something that the author will start to speak about in the next verse. AT: "But I choose to think about this" or "But I remember this" + +# I have hope + +"I hope" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/22.md b/lam/03/22.md index 0cc1dc3026..e45b20736c 100644 --- a/lam/03/22.md +++ b/lam/03/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The steadfast love of Yahweh never ceases -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +The abstract noun "steadfast love" can be expressed with the phrase "love faithfully." AT: "Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# his compassions never end -* **It is by the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh that we are not destroyed** - AT: "It is because of the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh that we do not perish" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your faithfulness** - The writer speaks to Yahweh. -* **Yahweh is my inheritance** - "Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need" -* **declares my inner being** - AT: "I sincerely declare" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The abstract noun "compassions" can be translated with the verb "care." AT: "he never stops caring for those who suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they are new every morning + +The word "they" refers to God's steadfast love and compassions. Their being new represents God continuing to act according to them. AT: "every morning he treats us again with steadfast love and compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your faithfulness + +The word "your" refers to Yahweh. + +# Yahweh is my inheritance + +When God gave each tribe of Israel their land, he called it an inheritance. The author speaks of Yahweh being all he needs as if Yahweh were the inheritance that he had received. AT: "Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/25.md b/lam/03/25.md index 42cafdcbdc..c9177f87ab 100644 --- a/lam/03/25.md +++ b/lam/03/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh is good to those who wait for him -* [[en:tw:bear]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Here "good" refers to kindness. AT: "Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him" or "Yahweh does good things for those who wait for him" -## translationNotes +# those who wait for him -* **the one who waits for him** - Possible meanings are 1) "all those who depend on him" (UDB) or 2) "the one who waits patiently for him to act." -* **the life that seeks him** - AT: "the person who seeks him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **bear the yoke** - "suffer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **laid it upon him** - "has laid the yoke upon him" -* **put his mouth in the dust** - AT: "bown down with his mouth on the ground" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "all those who depend on him" or 2) "the one who waits patiently for him to act." + +# the one who seeks him + +Possible meanings for "seeks him" are 1) asking God for help or 2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that he bear the yoke in his youth + +Here "bear the yoke" represents suffering. The abstract noun "his youth" can be expressed with the word "young." AT: "that he suffer while he is young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Let him sit alone in silence + +The phrase "in silence" refers to not speaking. Here it may refer specifically to not complaining. AT: "Let him sit alone without speaking" or "Let him sit alone and not complain" + +# when it is laid upon him + +"when the yoke is laid upon him." Here the yoke represents suffering. AT: "when he suffers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let him put his mouth in the dust + +Putting the mouth in the dust represents bowing down with one's face on the ground. AT: "Let him lie down with his mouth on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/30.md b/lam/03/30.md index b98275f089..f033eea98c 100644 --- a/lam/03/30.md +++ b/lam/03/30.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:disgrace]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:torment]] +The writer speaks of the one who waits for Yahweh ([Lamentations 3:25](./25.md)). -## translationNotes +# Let him offer his cheek to the one who strikes him -* The writer speaks of the one who waits for Yahweh ([[:en:bible:notes:lam:03:25]]). -* **Let him give his cheek to the one striking him** - "Let him allow people to strike him" or (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **though he brings** - "though Yahweh brings" -* **he does not oppress from the heart** - AT: "He does not willingly oppress" or "He takes no delight in oppressing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **sons of men** - AT: "human beings" or "people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "him" refers to anyone who is suffering and who waits for Yahweh. Here "offer his cheek" represents allowing someone to strike his cheek. AT: "Let him allow people to hit him on the face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let him be filled to the full with reproach + +The author speaks of a person as if he were a container and reproach were a liquid. Being filled with reproach represents being reproached much. The implication is that he should be patient when this happens. AT: "let him be insulted much" or "let him be patient when people reproach him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# though he causes grief + +"though the Lord causes people to suffer" or "though he afflicts people" + +# he will have compassion + +"he will be compassionate to them" + +# For he does not afflict from his heart + +Here the heart represents desire or pleasure, and afflicting from the heart represents afflicting with pleasure. AT: "For it does not make him happy to afflict people" or "He does not take pleasure in afflicting people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the children of mankind + +This refers to people in general. AT: "human beings" or "people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/34.md b/lam/03/34.md index 122f3bec61..2c1c26644a 100644 --- a/lam/03/34.md +++ b/lam/03/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] +The author wrote in general terms about what is true for all people, but it shows God's concern for his people, the people of Israel, who were being mistreated by their enemies. -## translationNotes +# To crush ... to deny a man justice ... to deny justice -* **To crush ... under his foot** - "To abuse" or "To kill" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **turn aside the justice of men** - "keep men from receiving justice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **suppress a person in his cause** - "keep courts from giving justice to people" -* **does not the Lord see?** - Possible meanings are 1) "the Lord sees it all" or 2) "the Lord does not approve of these things." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"If people crush ... if they deny a man justice ... if they deny justice" + +# To crush underfoot + +Here "crush underfoot" represents abusing and mistreating people. AT: "To abuse" or "To mistreat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])- + +# to deny a man justice + +This refers to not allowing a person to have what he deserves. AT: "to deny a person his rights" or "to keep a person from having what he deserves" + +# in the presence of the Most High + +Doing something "in the presence of the Most High" represents doing it while knowing that God sees it. AT: "knowing that the Most High sees it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to deny justice to a person + +Here "deny justice" refers to not making a just decision for a person in a legal concern. AT: "to judge a person wrongly in court" or "to keep a person who goes to a judge from getting what is right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/37.md b/lam/03/37.md index bed61fe156..44cdf2c651 100644 --- a/lam/03/37.md +++ b/lam/03/37.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Who has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it? -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The author uses this rhetorical question to teach that when someone commands something to happen, it will happen only if God has already decreed that it should happen. AT: "No one has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it." or "What someone has commanded to happen has never happened unless the Lord decreed it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# has spoken -* **Do not both calamity and success come out of the mouth of the Most High?** - AT: "God decrees disaster or success for every person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +It can be expressed clearly that this refers to commanding something to happen. AT: "has commanded that something should happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it came to pass + +"what he said happened" + +# Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and the good come? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to teach that both calamities and good things happen only because God has commanded them to happen. AT: "It is only from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and the good come." or "It is only because the Most High has commanded it that both calamities and good things happen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# from the mouth of the Most High + +Here "mouth" represents what God says or commands. AT: "from the command of the Most High" or "because the Most High has commanded it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# both calamities and the good come + +Here "come" represents happening. Also, the nominal adjective "the good" can be stated as "good things." AT: "both calamities and good things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# How can any person alive complain? How can a person complain about the punishment for his sins? + +The author uses these rhetorical questions to teach that people should not complain when God punishes them. AT: "A person should not complain when God punishes him for his sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can any person alive complain + +Possible meanings are 1) it is implied that mere people cannot fully understand God's actions. AT: "How can a mere person complain" or 2) it is implied that being alive is a gift from God. AT: "How can a person who is blessed to be alive complain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/40.md b/lam/03/40.md index c88d50f458..9d60e046da 100644 --- a/lam/03/40.md +++ b/lam/03/40.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer speaks again about the suffering that God has caused to Jerusalem, but here he speaks of "we" and "us," not "I" and "me." -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Let us lift up our hearts and our hands...and pray** - It was customary for the Israelites to raise their hands when praying to God. AT: "Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **We have transgressed and have rebelled** - The words "transgressed" and "rebelled" share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **against you** - Here the word "you" refers to God. -* **You have covered yourself with anger** - Here anger is spoken of as if it were a garment that God has put on. Hebrew often spoke of emotions as if they were clothing. AT: "You have been angry." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +In verse 42 the author starts a prayer that he and the people of Israel should pray. + +# let us return to Yahweh + +Here "return to Yahweh" represents submitting to him again. AT: "let us submit to Yahweh again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us lift up our hearts and our hands + +Here "lift up our hearts" represents praying sincerely. It was customary for the Israelites to raise their hands when praying to God. AT: "Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands" or "Let us lift up our hands and pray sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# We have transgressed and rebelled + +The words "transgressed" and "rebelled" share similar meanings. Together they indicate that transgression is the same as rebelling against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# You have covered yourself with anger + +Here anger is spoken of as if it were a garment that God has put on. Hebrew often spoke of emotions as if they were clothing. AT: "You have been angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have killed + +"you have killed many of us" + +# you have not spared + +Here "spared" represents having pity. AT: "you have not had pity on us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/44.md b/lam/03/44.md index 66f4bcf490..19e8e430f3 100644 --- a/lam/03/44.md +++ b/lam/03/44.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +The prayer that began in [Lamentations 3:42](./40.md) continues. -## translationNotes +# You have covered yourself with a cloud so that no prayer can pass through -* The prayer that began in [[:en:bible:notes:lam:03:40]] continues. -* **You have covered yourself with a cloud, so that no prayer can pass through** - AT: "You use the clouds as a shield to keep our prayers away" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **castoffs and refuse** - AT: "You have thrown us away as if we were just trash." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **desolation and crushing** - "total destruction" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This represents God refusing to listen to the people's prayer. AT: "You refuse to listen to our prayers. It is as though you put a cloud between us and you so that our prayers cannot get to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the nations + +The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. Possible meanings are 1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. AT: "You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage" or 2) God's forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. AT: "You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# panic and pitfall have come upon us, ruin and destruction + +The abstract nouns "panic," "pitfall," "ruin" and "destruction" can be expressed with verbs. AT: "we are panicking. We are trapped, and we are being ruined and destroyed" or "we are terrified and trapped. We are being completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# pitfall + +This refers to falling into a pit. Here it represents being trapped in any way. + +# have come upon us + +"have happened to us" + +# ruin and destruction + +These two words share similar meanings and refer to the destruction of Jerusalem. AT: "total destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/48.md b/lam/03/48.md index 23b693ef4d..b3e9be1475 100644 --- a/lam/03/48.md +++ b/lam/03/48.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +The author speaks about himself again. -## translationNotes +# My eyes flow with streams of tears -* **My eye runs down with streams of water** - "Tears flow from my eyes like water flows in a river" because I am crying (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **because of the crushing of the daughter of my people** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:lam:02:11]]. -* **the daughter of my people** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **My eyes flow out** - AT: "Tears flow from my eyes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they do not stop, for there is no end to it** - AT: "my tears do not stop falling; there is no end to them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) +Here the author speaks of the great amount of his tears as if they were streams. He uses exaggeration to show that he is very sad and has cried much. AT: "Tears flow from my eyes like water flowing in a river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# because my people are destroyed + +This can stated in active form. AT: "because enemies have destroyed my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# without ceasing, without relief + +Both of these phrases means the same thing. The author speaks of his continuing to cry as if his eyes were a person and had no rest from crying. AT: "without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# until Yahweh from heaven looks down and sees + +What the author hopes Yahweh will see can be stated clearly. AT: "until Yahweh looks down from heaven and sees what has happened to my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/51.md b/lam/03/51.md index 586ebe6240..b248d0e5b9 100644 --- a/lam/03/51.md +++ b/lam/03/51.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# My eyes cause me grief -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +The phrase "My eyes" represents what he sees. AT: "What I see causes me to grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# because of all the daughters of my city -* **My eye brings severe pain to my life** - AT: "What I see causes me much pain" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **all the daughters of my city** - Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem (see UDB) or 2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they have destroyed my life in a well** - AT: "they have killed me by drowning me in a well" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **have placed a stone over me** - Possible meanings are 1) "have covered the well with a stone" (see UDB) or 2) "have thrown stones at me." -* **I have been cut off** - AT: "I have been killed" or "I am drowning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +It can be stated clearly that the "daughters of my city" are suffering. AT: "because the daughters of my city are suffering" or "because I see the daughters of my city suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the daughters of my city + +Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have been hunted like a bird by those who were my enemies + +The author speaks of people looking for him in order to kill him as if he were an animal that they were hunting. This can be stated in active form. AT: "My enemies have looked for me in order to kill me like people who hunt for a bird" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They cast me into a pit + +"They threw me into a pit" or "They dropped me into a well" + +# threw a stone on me + +Possible meanings are 1) "threw stones down on me" or 2) "covered the pit with a stone" + +# they caused waters to overflow, covering my head + +"the level of the water in the pit rose up over my head" + +# I have been cut off + +Being "cut off" often represents being killed. Here it represents dying very soon. AT: "I am about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/55.md b/lam/03/55.md index 5be9603a47..ae3dffa9aa 100644 --- a/lam/03/55.md +++ b/lam/03/55.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I called on your name -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God's name represents his character, and here, "called on your name" represents trusting God's character and calling on him for help. AT: "I called to you for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# from the depths of the pit -* **I called on your name** - AT: "I called to you for help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **out of the lowest pit** - Possible meanings are 1) "from a very deep well" (see [[:en:bible:notes:lam:03:51]]) or 2) "from the grave." -* **You heard my voice** - AT: "You heard what I said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Do not hide your ear** - AT: "Do not refuse to listen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **from my call for relief, from my cry for help** - "when I ask you to help me by stopping people from hurting me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **you drew near** - AT: "You came to where I was and helped me". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the pit that author had been thrown into. AT: "from the bottom of the pit" or 2) the author was afraid that he would die soon, so he spoke as if he were in the place of the dead. AT: "from the pit of the dead" + +# You heard my voice + +Here "voice" represents what he said. AT: "You heard my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not close your ear + +Here "close your ear" represents refusing to listen. AT: "Do not refuse to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You came near + +People often come near to a person they help. Here "came near" represents helping the man. AT: "you helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/58.md b/lam/03/58.md index 320828ac3e..4e41f81f1f 100644 --- a/lam/03/58.md +++ b/lam/03/58.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# you defended my case, you saved my life -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:trial]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The author speaks of God keeping him from being killed by his enemies as if God had defended him in court as a lawyer defends someone, and kept him from being killed. AT: "you saved my life from my enemies. It is as though you defended me in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you defended my case -* **you defended me when I was on trial for my life** - This presents a picture of a courtroom, where the speaker is on trial. In this picture, God argues for him, as a lawyer argues for his client.AT: "you argued for me in court" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **their oppression of me** - AT: "how they oppress me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **Judge my case justly** - Here God is no longer pictured as a lawyer, but as the judge. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **all their acts of vengeance, all their plans against me** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **all their acts of vengeance** - AT: "all of their attempts to take revenge against me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **heard their scorn** - AT: "heard them taunt me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Here "defended my case" represents arguing for him. AT: "you argued my case for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# judge my case + +Here God is no longer pictured as a lawyer, but as the judge. It can be stated clearly that he wanted God to judge in his favor. AT: "make a decision about me, and show my enemies that I am right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You have seen their insults, all their plots against me + +The abstract nouns "insults" and "plots" can be expressed with verbs. AT: "You have seen how they have insulted me and how they have plotted against me many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# You have heard their scorn ... and all their plans regarding me + +The abstract noun "scorn" can be expressed with the verbs "taunt" or "mock". It can be stated clearly that the plans were to harm him. AT: "You heard how they have taunted me ... and all they plan to do to me" or "You have heard them mock me ... and plan ways to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/62.md b/lam/03/62.md index 8a9e06935b..ba43ee9079 100644 --- a/lam/03/62.md +++ b/lam/03/62.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The lips and the accusations ... come against me all the day -* [[en:tw:mock]] +The author speaks of his enemies accusing him all day as if their accusations were soldiers that come to attack him all day. AT: "My enemies speak against me and accuse me through the whole day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The lips ... of my enemies -* **the lips of those that rose up against me** - AT: "the words that those who rose up against me spoke" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **those that rose up against me** - AT: "those who attack me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **their sitting or their rising up** - AT: "When they sit down and when they get up" or "Whenever they do anything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Here the lips represent what his enemies say. AT: "The words ... of my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# how they sit and then rise up + +These two actions together represent everything the people do. AT: "everything they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/64.md b/lam/03/64.md index 3e3f7f0717..5e4cf1d5d9 100644 --- a/lam/03/64.md +++ b/lam/03/64.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Pay back to them, Yahweh, according to what they have done -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Here "Pay back to them" represents punishing them. What they have done can be stated clearly. AT: "Punish them, Yahweh, according to what they have done" or "Yahweh, they have made me suffer, so please make them suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# You will let their hearts be shameless -* **Pay back to them, Yahweh, as much harm as what their hands have done** - AT: "They have made me suffer, Yahweh, so please make them suffer now" -* **what their hands have done** - AT: "what they have done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Set fear in their heart** - AT: "Make them deeply afraid" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **everywhere under the heavens** - AT: "wherever they are on earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the "heart" is a metonym that represents their attitudes and emotions, and being "shameless" means not feeling ashamed of their sins even though they should. Their not being ashamed would give even more reason for God to punish them. AT: "You will let them feel no shame for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May your condemnation be upon them + +The abstract noun "condemnation" can be expressed with the verbs "condemn" or "curse." AT: "Condemn them" or "Curse them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from under the heavens + +Here "from under the heavens" represents everywhere on earth. AT: "wherever they are on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/intro.md b/lam/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..802c8c2e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Lamentations 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Troubles ##### + +Here the author speaks of the suffering experienced by the people of Jerusalem during the Babylonian siege and after the city's fall. He speaks of these sufferings as if they had been directed against him personally, as if God had personally attacked him. However, we should understand the writer's feelings as having been shared by everyone in the city. + +In verse 19, the writer begins to think about the lessons that he and his fellow citizens should learn about God and his anger and his mercy. He also thinks about what it means to repent and to trust in God. + +In verse 43, the writer speaks again about the suffering that God has caused to Jerusalem, but here the writer speaks of "we" and "us," not "I" and "me." But in verse 48, he begins to speak about how he himself will continually mourn over what has happened. + +In verse 52, the writer begins to think about his personal enemies in Jerusalem, those who persecuted him for bringing Yahweh's messages to the city. He asks for God to show his enemies that he was doing right, and to take revenge on them for their crimes against him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Lamentations 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/01.md b/lam/04/01.md index a086d58cff..5919ad4fd6 100644 --- a/lam/04/01.md +++ b/lam/04/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +A new poem begins. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]. -## translationNotes +# The gold has become tarnished; how the purest gold has changed -* A new poem begins. See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] ​and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]. -* **holy stones** - the stones that made up the temple -* **at the head of every street** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:lam:02:18]] (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **sons of Zion** - Possible meanings are 1) The young men of Jerusalem (see UDB) or 2) all the people of Jerusalem. -* **they are regarded as nothing but clay jars made by potter's hands** - AT: "people consider them to be as worthless as the clay jars that potters make" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The people of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were gold that is no longer shiny, and therefore no longer valuable. AT: "The people of Jerusalem are like gold that is no longer shiny. They are like pure gold that is no longer beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how the purest gold has changed + +This is an exclamation that shows the author's sadness that this has happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# The holy stones are scattered at the corner of every street + +This may refer to the temple being destroyed and its stones scattered throughout the city. It may also be a metaphor for the people being scattered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the corner of every street + +"wherever the streets come together" or "by all the roads" + +# sons of Zion + +Here people of a city are spoken of as if they were the sons of the city. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to only the young men of Jerusalem or 2) this refers to all the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are worth no more than clay jars, the work of the potter's hands + +The author speaks of the precious sons of Zion as if they were considered to be inexpensive clay jars. AT: "people consider them to be as worthless as the clay jars that potters make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/03.md b/lam/04/03.md index 6abbdf969f..77b32a94f5 100644 --- a/lam/04/03.md +++ b/lam/04/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Because of the lack of food in the city, the people of Jerusalem do not give their children all they need. -## translationNotes +# the jackals offer the breast to nurse their cubs -* **the jackals reveal the breast to nurse their cubs** - This means that mother jackals freely allow their babies to nurse. -* **jackals** - fierce wild dogs, the worst of unclean animals -* **the daughter of my people** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lam:02:11]]. +This means that mother jackals feed their baby jackals. + +# jackals + +fierce wild dogs + +# the daughter of my people ... like the ostriches in the desert + +The people in Jerusalem are compared to ostriches because they are cruel to their children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the daughter of my people has + +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "my people have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# ostriches + +large birds that abandon some of their eggs \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/04.md b/lam/04/04.md index bb85c4c281..3dc33bfbbd 100644 --- a/lam/04/04.md +++ b/lam/04/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The tongue of the nursing baby sticks to the roof of his mouth by thirst -* [[en:tw:bread]] +"Nursing babies are so thirsty that their tongues stick to the top of their mouths" -## translationNotes +# The ones who used to feast on expensive food -* **those who wore scarlet clothing** - Wearing scarlet clothes was a sign that a person was wealthy. -* **are now on top of garbage heaps** - AT: "now search through garbage heaps for something to eat" +"The ones who used to eat a lot of expensive food" + +# now starve in the streets + +These people no longer have homes, so they live outside along the streets. + +# those who were brought up wearing purple clothing + +Wearing purple clothes was a sign that a person was wealthy. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who grew up wearing purple clothing" or "those who wore expensive clothing when they were growing up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# now lie upon piles of garbage + +These people no longer have homes and soft beds, so they sleep on piles of garbage. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/06.md b/lam/04/06.md index b689261f12..e860600bf4 100644 --- a/lam/04/06.md +++ b/lam/04/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The punishment of the daughter of my people is greater than that of Sodom -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +The abstract noun "punishment" can be expressed with the verb "punish." AT: "The daughter of my people has been punished more severely than Sodom was punished" -## translationNotes +# the daughter of my people -* **iniquity ... ** - Possible meanings are 1) "sin ... sin " or 2) "punishment for the sin ... punishment." -* **the daughter of my people** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **who was overthrown in a moment** - AT: "whom God destroyed in a moment" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **though no hands seized her** - AT: "though no human soldiers captured her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# which was overthrown in a moment + +The word "which" refers to Sodom. This can be stated in active form. AT: "which God destroyed in a moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no hands were wrung for her + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one wrung their hands for her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no hands were wrung for her + +People sometimes rub and twist their hands when they are worried and cannot fix something, so wringing the hands here represents worrying. The word "her" refers to Jerusalem, which was called "the daughter of my people." AT: "no one was worried about her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/07.md b/lam/04/07.md index c3d4182e4a..908e6f6234 100644 --- a/lam/04/07.md +++ b/lam/04/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Her leaders were purer than snow, whiter than milk -* [[en:tw:snow]] +Possible meanings are 1) Jerusalem's leaders were beautiful to look at because they were physically healthy or 2) the leaders were morally pure as new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Her leaders -* **Her leaders used to shine like snow and were as white as milk** - Possible meanings; 1) "Our leaders were previously beautiful to look at" (UDB) because they were physically healthy or 2) the people loved their leaders because the leaders were morally pure the way new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **her leaders** - Jerusalem's leaders -* **ruddy** - healthy looking -* **coral** - a rock-hard red substance that comes from the ocean used like jewelry -* **sapphire** - a costly blue stone used in jewelry -* **darkness blackens their appearance** - This may mean 1) that the sun has darkened the leaders' skin or 2) that the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces. -* **they are unrecognizable** - AT: "No one can recognize them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **has become as dry as wood** - because they do not have enough food and water (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Jerusalem's leaders" + +# their bodies were more ruddy than coral + +"their bodies were redder than coral." This implies that they were healthy. AT: "their bodies were healthy and red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# coral + +a rock-hard red substance that comes from the ocean and was used for making decorations + +# sapphire + +a costly blue stone used in jewelry + +# Their appearance now is darker than soot + +This may be because 1) the sun has darkened the leaders' skin or 2) the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces. + +# they are not recognized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can recognize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Their skin has shriveled on their bones + +This implies that there was not much muscle or fat under the skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it has become as dry as wood + +Their dry skin is compared to dry wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/09.md b/lam/04/09.md index 1576ffbd80..d936e373b8 100644 --- a/lam/04/09.md +++ b/lam/04/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Those who have been killed by the sword -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here the "sword" represents an enemy's attack. It can be stated in active form. AT: "Those whom enemy soldiers have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# those killed by hunger -* **Those who have been killed by the sword** - AT: "Those whom enemy soldiers have killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **those killed by hunger** - AT: "those who starve to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **waste away** - AT: "those who become thin and weak because they are dying from hunger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **pierced by hunger** - Hunger is spoken of here as if it were a sword. AT: "whom hunger has killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The hands of compassionate women** - AT: "Compassionate women" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the crushing** - AT: "the destruction" -* **the daughter of my people** - This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this phrase in [[en:bible:notes:lam:02:11]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Here "hunger" represents starvation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who starved to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who wasted away + +"who became extremely thin and weak" + +# pierced by the lack of any harvest from the field + +Here "harvest from the field" is a metonym that represents food to eat. Lack of food is spoken of here as if it were a sword that pierces people. AT: "who died because there was not enough food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The hands of compassionate women + +Here the women are represented by their "hands." Because they were so hungry, women who had been compassionate in the past were no longer compassionate toward their children; instead they boiled them for food. AT: "Compassionate women" or "Women who had been compassionate in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they became their food + +"their children became the women's food" + +# the daughter of my people was + +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "my people were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/11.md b/lam/04/11.md index 726b50037e..4742f6fea8 100644 --- a/lam/04/11.md +++ b/lam/04/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh showed all his wrath; he poured out his fierce anger -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh was very angry, and he did everything he wanted to do to show that he was angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# he poured out his fierce anger -* **Yahweh has satisfied his rage. He has poured out his burning anger** - Yahweh was very angry, and he has done everything he wanted to do to show that he was angry. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He has poured out his burning anger** - God's anger is like a hot, burning liquid that he pours out. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he has kindled a fire in Zion** - This may mean either 1) that God's anger is like a fire that has destroyed Jerusalem, or 2) that God has caused enemies to burn Jerusalem with fire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +God's punishing his people is spoken of as if his anger were a burning hot liquid that he poured out on them. AT: "because of his fierce anger, he punished his people" or "in fierce anger he responded to his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He kindled a fire in Zion + +This represents God causing Israel's enemies to start a fire in Jerusalem. AT: "He caused a fire to start in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that consumed her foundations + +Here "her foundations" represents the whole city, even the part of the city that would be ruined last. AT: "that burned down the city, even its foundations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/12.md b/lam/04/12.md index 2fda41dd50..61d7129c28 100644 --- a/lam/04/12.md +++ b/lam/04/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The kings of the earth did not believe, nor did any of the inhabitants of the world believe, -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"The kings of the earth and the rest of the inhabitants of the world did not believe" -## translationNotes +# enemies or opponents -* **Neither the kings of the earth nor any of the world's inhabitants** - "Nobody anywhere* (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **adversary and enemy** - "any kind of enemy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests** - "the terrible sins of her prophets and priests" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **who have shed the blood of the righteous** - Both the priests and the prophets were guilty of murder. AT: "who have murdered the righteous." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that these are people who desired to harm Jerusalem. AT: "any kind of enemy" or "any of Jerusalem's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the sins of her prophets and the iniquities of her priests + +These two lines share similar meanings and emphasize that these spiritual leaders were largely responsible for the fall of Jerusalem. AT: "the terrible sins of her prophets and priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# who have shed the blood of the righteous + +Both the priests and the prophets were guilty of murder. Here "shed the blood" represents murder. AT: "who have murdered the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/14.md b/lam/04/14.md index dbf2f0c10c..0e2adf96b4 100644 --- a/lam/04/14.md +++ b/lam/04/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They wandered, blind, through the streets -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +The priests and prophets are spoken of as if they were blind because they wandered through the streets, not knowing where to go. AT: "They wandered through the streets like blind men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They were so defiled by that blood -* **They are defiled by that blood** - Because they have committed murder, they are ritually unclean, unable to worship God or be with ordinary people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **"Flee! Unclean," these prophets and priests cry out** - Some versions translate these words as being spoken by the ordinary people, not the murderous prophets and priests. +Here "defiled" represents being unacceptable to God. Because the priests and prophets murdered people, they were ritually unclean, unable to worship God or be with ordinary people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# defiled by that blood + +"defiled by the blood that they shed." Possible meanings are 1) the blood was on their clothes or 2) "blood" is a metonym for murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Away! Unclean + +"Go away! You are unclean" + +# Away! Away! Do not touch + +"Go away! Go away! Do not touch us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/16.md b/lam/04/16.md index 37411d95ca..f25f17a0c8 100644 --- a/lam/04/16.md +++ b/lam/04/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# scattered them -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"scattered the prophets and priests" -## translationNotes +# he does not watch over them anymore -* **scattered them** - scattered the prophets and priests -* **look on them with favor** - AT: "accept them" or "approve of them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **No one receives ... they show no concern** - AT: "No one receives ... no one shows concern" or "People do not receive ... people do not show concern" +Here "watch over them" represents being concerned about them and helping them. AT: "he does not care about them anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/17.md b/lam/04/17.md index 5264d63f8b..bc149fb805 100644 --- a/lam/04/17.md +++ b/lam/04/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Our eyes failed, looking in vain for help -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Their eyes failing represents their seeking and not being able to find what they were looking for. These two phrases together emphasize that they were trying hard to find help. AT: "We continued looking, but we could not find anyone to help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# for help -* **Our eyes constantly failed to find even worthless help** - Possible meanings are 1) they looked for people to help them, but no help ever came (see UDB) or 2) they kept on looking for help from people who would never have been able to help them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **They hunted our steps** - AT: "Our enemies followed us everywhere we went" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Our end** - AT: "The time for us to die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The abstract noun "help" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "for people to help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in vain + +without succeeding + +# we watched for a nation that could not rescue us + +Here "watched" represents hoping. It can be stated clearly that they were hoping that a nation would come and rescue them. AT: "we hoped for a nation to come and rescue us, but it could not rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They followed our steps + +Here "our steps" represents where they went. AT: "Our enemies followed us everywhere we went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Our end was near + +Here "near" is a metaphor for "soon." AT: "Our end would be soon" or "Our enemies would soon destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Our end + +Possible meanings are 1) "Our end" refers to the end of living in their own city because their enemies would destroy the city and capture them. AT: "Our destruction" or "Our capture" or 2) "Our end" refers to the end of their lives. AT: "Our death" or "The time for us to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# our days were numbered + +Being numbered represents being so few that they could be easily counted. AT: "we had very little time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# our end had come + +The phrase "had come" means that what they had expected was now happening. AT: "it was now the end for us" or "our enemies were attacking us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/19.md b/lam/04/19.md index fffd512841..b5e4eda069 100644 --- a/lam/04/19.md +++ b/lam/04/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles in the sky -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The author compares the speed of their pursuers to the speed of eagles flying. Eagles fly very quickly to catch other animals. AT: "Those who were chasing us were faster than eagles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# lay in wait for us -* **The breath in our nostrils** - This is a title for the king, who provides life to his people like breath keeps the body alive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **was taken in their pits** - Here "pits" refers to the enemies' trap, their plan to catch the king. AT: "the enemies made plans to capture our king, and they did capture him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"waited to attack us" + +# The breath in our nostrils + +This phrase refers to the king. He is spoken of as if he were breath; the breath keeps the body alive, and the king keeps his people alive by ruling them well and protecting them from their enemies. AT: "The one who is like breath in our nostrils" or "The one who protects our lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh's anointed one + +Here being "anointed" represents being the king. God had told people to anoint whomever he had chosen to be king. AT: "the one whom Yahweh had chosen to be anointed as king" or "the king Yahweh chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he was the one who was captured in their pits + +Here "pits" refers to the enemies' plans to capture him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he was the one whom our enemies captured by their plans" or "our enemies made plans to capture our king, and they did capture him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# of whom it was said + +This phrase with the quote following it gives us more information about the king. The quote shows what the people had hoped the king would do for them before he was trapped. It can be expressed in active form. AT: "even though we had said about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Under his shadow we will live among the nations + +Here "his shadow" represents him protecting them. AT: "Under his protection we will live among the nations" or "Though we may have to live in other nations, he will protect us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/21.md b/lam/04/21.md index 66a0e4ca0f..6f7107b060 100644 --- a/lam/04/21.md +++ b/lam/04/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Rejoice and be glad -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"Rejoice" and "be glad" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. The writer uses these words to mock the people. He knew that the people of Edom would be glad that Jerusalem is being destroyed. AT: "Be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# daughter of Edom -* **Rejoice and be glad** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. The writer uses these words sarcastically. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **daughter of Zion...daughter of Edom** - These are poetic names for the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Edom, which are spoken of here as if they were woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the cup will also pass to you** - The wine that people will drink from the cup is a symbol of Yahweh's anger. AT: "Yahweh will also judge you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Your guilt is ended** - Here "guilt" refers to the punishment for guilt. AT: "Yahweh has fully punished your guilt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He will no longer keep you in exile** - Here the word "He" refers to Yahweh. -* **He will yet uncover your sins** - "He will soon expose your sins" +The people of the land of Edom are spoken of as if they were a woman. They were Israel's enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# But to you also the cup will be passed + +The cup is a metonym for the wine in it. The wine is a metaphor for punishment. AT: "But Yahweh will also punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Daughter of Zion + +The people of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\ + +# your punishment will come to an end + +"your punishment will end." The abstract noun punishment can be expressed with the verb "punish." AT: "Yahweh will stop punishing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he will not extend your exile + +"Yahweh will not make your time in exile longer" or "Yahweh will not make you stay in exile longer" + +# he will uncover your sins + +Here the sins not being known by others are spoken of as if they are under a cover. Removing the cover represents letting other people know about them. AT: "he will expose your sins" or "he will cause other people to know how you have sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/intro.md b/lam/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1725386d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Lamentations 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Judah being destroyed continues in this chapter. Famine destroyed the rulers and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Lamentations 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/01.md b/lam/05/01.md index dfb3f95c6e..8aa1fd80c0 100644 --- a/lam/05/01.md +++ b/lam/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +A new poem begins. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]. -## translationNotes +# Remember, Yahweh, what has happened to us -* A new poem begins. See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] ​and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]. -* **Call to mind** - AT: "Think about" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Look and see our shame** - "Look at the shameful state we are in" -* **Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers** - AT: "You have allowed strangers to take possession of our inheritance" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **our houses to foreigners** - "you have allowed foreigners to take possession of our houses" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **We have become orphans ... our mothers are like widows** - The people of Jerusalem have no one to protect them because the men have either died in battle or have gone into exile. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Our water costs silver to drink** - "We have to pay silver to our enemies in order to drink our own water" -* **our own wood is sold to us** - AT: "our enemies sell us our own wood" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Remember" is an idiom. AT: "Yahweh, think about what has happened to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# look and see our disgrace + +"look at the shameful state we are in" + +# Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers; our houses to foreigners + +The phrase "has been turned over" can be stated in active form. And, the missing words may be added to the second part of the sentence. AT: "You have allowed strangers to take possession of our inheritance; you have allowed foreigners to take possession of our houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# We have become orphans ... our mothers are like widows + +The people of Jerusalem have no one to protect them because the men have either died in battle or have gone into exile. This speaks of the people not having their fathers and husbands present as if they had actually become orphans and widows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# orphans, the fatherless + +These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that the people no longer have their fathers. AT: "orphans who have no fathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# We must pay silver for the water we drink ... our own wood + +This means that their enemies are making them pay money to have the water and wood that they once used for free. AT: "We have to pay silver to our enemies in order to drink our own water ... our own wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we must pay silver to get our own wood + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "our enemies sell us our own wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/05.md b/lam/05/05.md index 6e16faa6bf..3e0fdd1477 100644 --- a/lam/05/05.md +++ b/lam/05/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Those who are coming after us -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"Our enemies who are chasing after us." This refers to the Babylonian army. -## translationNotes +# we can find no rest -* **Our enemies** - The Babylonian army. -* **they are so close that they are breathing down our necks** - AT: "they run closely after us." Some versions read, "They have put their feet on our necks," to symbolize victory. Other versions read, "they have put a yoke on our necks," that is, "they have made us into slaves." -* **reached out with our hands to** - AT: "made a treaty with" or "surrendered to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to be filled with food** - AT: "so that we would have food to eat" -* **they are no more** - AT: "they have died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **we bear their sins** - AT: "we bear the punishment for their sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This speaks of being able to rest as if "rest" were an object that could be found. AT: "we are unable to rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We have given ourselves to Egypt and to Assyria to get enough food + +This phrase "given ourselves" is an idiom. AT: "We have made a treaty with Egypt and with Assyria so that we would have food to eat" or "We have surrendered to Egypt and to Assyria to have enough food to remain alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they are no more + +This refers to them being dead. AT: "they have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# we bear their iniquities + +Here "iniquities" represents the punishment received because of their ancestors' sins. AT: "we bear the punishment for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/08.md b/lam/05/08.md index 32c7b836e0..e18eef2f68 100644 --- a/lam/05/08.md +++ b/lam/05/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Slaves rule over us -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Possible meanings are 1) "Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon" or 2) "People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# to deliver us from their hand -* **Slaves rule over us** - Possible meanings are 1) "Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon" (UDB) or 2) "People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us." -* **to rescue us out of their hand** - Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "to rescue us from their power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in the face of the sword of the wilderness** - AT: "because there are people in the wilderness who kill others with swords" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to control. AT: "to rescue us from their control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bread + +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of the sword in the wilderness + +Here robbers with swords are represented by their "swords." AT: "because there are robbers in the wilderness who kill others with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Our skin has grown as hot as an oven because of the burning heat of hunger + +This speaks of the peoples' bodies being hot and feverish as if their skin was as hot as an oven. The people have fever because of their hunger. AT: "Our skin has become hot like an oven, and we have a very high fever because we are extremely hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/11.md b/lam/05/11.md index 29e976ba9c..e2c3448619 100644 --- a/lam/05/11.md +++ b/lam/05/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Women are raped in Zion, and virgins in the cities of Judah -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize that the women are being violated. The missing words may be added. AT: "Women are raped in Zion, and virgins are raped in the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Women are raped ... and virgins -* **the women in Zion, the virgins in the cities of Judah** - AT; "all the women, young and old, in Jerusalem and in the cities of Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They hung princes by their own hands** - Possible meanings are 1) "With their own hands, they hung princes" or 2) they tied each prince's hands together with one end of a rope and tied the other end so the prince's feet could not touch the ground. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Our enemies have raped the women ... and the virgins" or "Our enemies have violated the women ... and the virgins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Princes are hung up by their own hands + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "their" refers to their enemies. AT: "With their own hands, they hung princes" or 2) they tied each prince's hands together with one end of a rope and tied the other end so the prince's feet could not touch the ground. + +# no honor is shown to the elders + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they have shown no honor to the elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/13.md b/lam/05/13.md index 373d10cb51..4d2211a140 100644 --- a/lam/05/13.md +++ b/lam/05/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Young men are forced -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They force young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# boys stagger under heavy loads of wood -* **vigorous men** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:lam:01:15]]. -* **the grinding house** - the place where slaves would grind grain -* **youthful men** - men who are still growing strong (see UDB) -* **elders** - men who are no longer "vigorous men" -* **the city gate** - where the elders would give legal advice, but also where people would meet socially -* **their music** - part of social life at the city gate +The boys are forced to carry the loads of wood. AT: "boys stagger because they are forced to carry heavy loads of wood" or "they force the boys to carry heavy loads of wood which make them stagger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the city gate + +This is where the elders would give legal advice, but also where people would meet socially. + +# the young men have left their music + +Playing music was part of the social life at the city gate. This speaks of the men no longer playing their music as if the act of playing music were a place that they left. AT: "the young men have stopped playing their music" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/15.md b/lam/05/15.md index d7297d2ed5..1a87cfc070 100644 --- a/lam/05/15.md +++ b/lam/05/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The joy of our heart -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Here the word "heart" refers to the whole person and emphasizes their emotions. AT: "Our joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# The crown has fallen from our head -* **The crown has fallen from our head** - Possible meanings are 1) "We no longer wear flowers on our heads for celebrations" or 2) "We no longer have a king." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "We no longer wear flowers on our heads for celebrations" or 2) The "crown" represents their king and their "head" represents a place of authority over the people. AT: "We no longer have a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/17.md b/lam/05/17.md index 7569f5a056..d4c4be83cc 100644 --- a/lam/05/17.md +++ b/lam/05/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For this our heart has become sick -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The "heart" represents a person's emotions. This speaks of a person being discouraged as if their emotions were sick. AT: "Because of this we are discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# for these things our eyes grow dim -* **our eyes have grown dim** - AT: "we can hardly see because of our tears" -* **jackals** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:lam:04:03]]. Ruined, deserted places were thought to be inhabited by certain kinds of wild animals, including jackals. +This means that they have a hard time seeing because they are crying. AT: "and we can hardly see because our eyes are full of tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for Mount Zion lies desolate + +Here "Mount Zion" refers to Jerusalem. The phrase "lies desolate" means that no one lives there. + +# jackals + +These are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 4:3](../04/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/19.md b/lam/05/19.md index efc3b0046b..6135920372 100644 --- a/lam/05/19.md +++ b/lam/05/19.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# sit upon your throne -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here sitting on the throne represents ruling as king. AT: "rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# from generation to generation -* **your throne** - "your power and authority to rule as king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **is from generation to generation** - AT: "will always continue" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Why do you forget us forever? Will you forsake us for very, very long?** - AT: "It is as though you will forget us forever or not come back to us for a very, very long time!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Restore our days as of old** - AT: "Make our lives good, like they used to be" or "Make us as great as we used to be" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **unless we truly are rejected and your anger towards us is too great!** - Possible meanings are 1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) or 2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them (UDB). -* **unless we truly are rejected** - AT: "unless you truly have rejected us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Why do you forget us forever? Why do you forsake us for so many days? + +The author uses these rhetorical questions to express his feelings that Yahweh has forgotten them. These questions can be written as a statement. AT: "It is as though you will forget us forever or not come back to us for a very long time!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Restore us to yourself + +"Bring us back to yourself" + +# Renew our days as they were long ago + +Here "days" represents their lives. AT: "Make our lives good, like they used to be" or "Make us as great as we used to be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# unless you have utterly rejected us and you are angry with us beyond measure + +Possible meanings are 1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them or 2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them. + +# are angry with us beyond measure + +This speaks of Yahweh being very angry as if his anger cannot be measured. This is an exaggeration. AT: "are extremely angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/intro.md b/lam/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b5e9b78e34 --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Lamentations 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Judah was destroyed for her sin. As slaves, life was very hard. The author wondered if God would be angry forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Lamentations 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/front/intro.md b/lam/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9562a0b87e --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# Introduction to Lamentations # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Lamentations #### + +1. First lament: Jerusalem is captured and has been abandoned by Yahweh and by its people (1:1–22) +1. Second lament: Yahweh caused this destruction because he was angry with Jerusalem (2:1–22) +1. Third lament + - The city sorrows over its destruction (3:1–20) + - There is comfort for those who turn back to Yahweh (3:21–39) + - Judah is learning to return to Yahweh (3:40–54) + - Judah cries out for vengeance upon its enemies (3:55–66) +1. Fourth lament: The terrors of the siege of Jerusalem + - The punishment of Jerusalem was caused by the people's sin (4:1–20) + - This punishment had satisfied Yahweh's wrath for their sin (4:21–22a) + - Edom will be punished also (4:22b) +1. Fifth lament: The broken nation cries out to Yahweh in confession, petition and praise of him (5:1–22) + +#### What is the Book of Lamentations about? #### + +This book expresses grief over the capture of the city of Jerusalem by the Babylonians in about 586 BC. The book is organized into five poems. In them the writer speaks of the people's sin and unfaithfulness to God that led to their destruction. However, he also remembers God's faithfulness for those who turn back to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Lamentations? #### + +The name of the author of Lamentations is not given in the text, but it became traditional to say that the author was Jeremiah. It is fitting that a lament was made over the fall and destruction Jerusalem. +The eyewitness nature of the laments seems to fit closely with the Book of Jeremiah. Certainly the serious and grieving tone of Jeremiah is carried into the Book of Lamentations, and there is nothing to suggest that Jeremiah was not the author. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may call the book "Poems of Sadness." If translators want to keep to the traditional view that the prophet Jeremiah wrote this book, they might decide on a title such as "The Sad Sayings of Jeremiah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Did God abandon Israel? #### + +Jeremiah often uses the imagery of abandonment in Lamentations, but this does not mean that God had completely given up on Israel. He rejected Israel for a period of time as the special place where he would be present. However, God remained faithful to his covenant promises. + +While it was common in the ancient Neat East to think that a god might leave his city, he usually did so because he was too weak to defend it. In Lamentations, Yahweh abandons Jerusalem because of the people's sinfulness, not because of any weakness on his part. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### What is a funeral song? #### + +It is common for cultures to sing songs at a funeral or when someone has died. Depending on the culture, these songs can sound either happy or sad. Lamentations is somewhat reminiscent of a sad song sung at a funeral. Some have said that the rhythm of the poems in Hebrew makes the poems sound as if they are slow or sluggish, like a funeral procession. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What style of writing is Lamentations? #### + +Lamentations is a collection of five poems. These laments may have been sung or chanted by the Jewish exiles living in captivity in Babylon, and also by those Jews who remained in Jerusalem after its conquest. In Chapters 1, 2 and 4, each line of the poem begins with a different Hebrew letter in alphabetical order. The third chapter repeats three lines with the same letter followed by the next three lines beginning with next letter in alphabetical order. + +#### Who are the woman and the man in Lamentations? #### + +The author uses the image of an abandoned woman and a persecuted man to represent Judah and Jerusalem. This is a type of personification used to make the pain more understandable to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/01.md b/lev/01/01.md index 1ab4f3321c..024b552c57 100644 --- a/lev/01/01.md +++ b/lev/01/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## translationNotes +# from the tent of meeting, saying, "Speak to the people of Israel and tell them, 'When any man -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Here Yahweh begins speaking to Moses. This speech ends in 3:17. This can be translated without the quotation within the quotation. AT: "from the tent of meeting and told Moses to say this to the people of Israel: 'When any man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# When any man from among you + +"When any one of you" or "When any of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/03.md b/lev/01/03.md index ba9130f5a4..600b83a5f9 100644 --- a/lev/01/03.md +++ b/lev/01/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so that their sacrifices will be acceptable to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# If his offering ... he must offer -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **so that it may be accepted before Yahweh** - AT: "so that Yahweh will accept it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **lay his hand on the head** - This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God. -* **then it will be accepted on his behalf to make atonement for himself** - AT: "then Yahweh will accept it in his place and forgive his sins" +Here "his" and "he" refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh. It can be translated in the second person as it is in [Leviticus 1:2](./01.md). AT: "If your offering ... you must offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# so that it may be accepted before Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that Yahweh will accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lay his hand on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself through the animal to Yahweh, so that God will forgive the person's sins when they kill the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# then it will be accepted on his behalf to make atonement for himself + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then Yahweh will accept it in his place and forgive his sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/05.md b/lev/01/05.md index f93daa43a9..e9626a8ceb 100644 --- a/lev/01/05.md +++ b/lev/01/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# Then he must kill the bull -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **then he must kill the bull** - Here "he" refers to the one making the offering. -* **before Yahweh** - This means beside the altar in front of the tent of meeting. -* **then he must skin** - Here "he" refers to the one making the offering. +Here "he" refers to the one making the offering. It can be stated in second person. AT: "Then you must kill the bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh" + +# will present the blood + +It is implied that the priests would catch the blood in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then he must skin the burnt offering and cut it to pieces + +As indicated in 1:9, the person must also wash the inner parts and the legs of the animal with water. The person would do this before giving the pieces to the priests so they could place them on the altar. As in the UDB, you can state here the instructions to was the inner parts and legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# Then he must skin + +Here "he" refers to the one making the offering. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/07.md b/lev/01/07.md index 574dd5a1ce..f8a5bcc08e 100644 --- a/lev/01/07.md +++ b/lev/01/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him. -## translationNotes +# will put fire on the altar and place wood to feed the fire -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **to feed the fire** - AT: "to keep the fire burning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he must wash** - Here "he" refers to the one making the offering. -* **an offering made to me by fire** - AT: "a burnt offering to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This may mean that the priests placed hot coals on the altar, then placed the wood on the coals. Or you may need to reorder this as in the UDB. AT: "will put wood on the altar and light a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# to feed the fire + +This is an idiom that means to keep putting wood in the fire. Translate this idiom so it is understood that the fire on the altar must be kept burning. AT: "to keep the fire burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But its inner parts and its legs he must wash with water + +The person would do this before giving the pieces to the priests to place on the altar. You can state this at the end of [Leviticus 1:6](./05.md). + +# inner parts + +This is the stomach and intestines. + +# he must wash + +Here "he" refers to the one making the offering. + +# It will produce a sweet aroma for me + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper offering the sacrifice is spoken of as if Yahweh were pleased by the aroma of the burning sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an offering made to me by fire + +Yahweh is telling Moses that the offerings are to be burnt with fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "a burnt offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/10.md b/lev/01/10.md index aee44103cb..63a5feb995 100644 --- a/lev/01/10.md +++ b/lev/01/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# before Yahweh -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +"in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/12.md b/lev/01/12.md index 319a69998b..cd1b37340c 100644 --- a/lev/01/12.md +++ b/lev/01/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# Then he must cut ... made to him by fire -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **Then he must cut...made to him by fire** - For 1:12-13 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:lev:01:07]]. -* **it will be an offering made to him by fire** - AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" or "it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +For 1:12-13 see how you translated many of these words in [Leviticus 1:7-9](./07.md). + +# Then he must cut it + +Here "he" refers to the person offering the sacrifice. It can be stated in second person. AT: "Then you must cut it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Then the priest will offer the whole, and burn it on the altar + +"Then the priest will burn everything on the altar" + +# it will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be an offering made to him by fire + +Yahweh tells Moses that the priests must burn their offerings with fire. This can be translated in active form. AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" or "it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/14.md b/lev/01/14.md index a6a3865b1b..296725cd56 100644 --- a/lev/01/14.md +++ b/lev/01/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# wring off its head -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **wring off its head** - "twist off its head" -* **then its blood must be drained out** - AT: "then the priest must drain its blood" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"twist off its head" + +# Then its blood must be drained out + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Then the priest must drain its blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/16.md b/lev/01/16.md index b2c533c78d..3e38015abf 100644 --- a/lev/01/16.md +++ b/lev/01/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He must -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"The priest must" -## translationNotes +# its crop with its contents -* **He must** - "The priest must" -* **its crop with its contents** - that part of the throat where pre-digested food is stored -* **and throw it beside the altar** - Here 'it' refers to the crop and its contents. -* **it will be an offering made to him by fire** - AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" or "it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A crop is a pouch in the bird's throat where pre-digested food is stored. + +# throw it beside the altar + +Here "it" refers to the crop and its contents. + +# it will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be an offering made to him by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" or "it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/intro.md b/lev/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..883acc8ef4 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Leviticus 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word "and" indicating a connection with the previous book (Exodus). The first five books of the Bible should be seen as a single unit. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Atonement ##### +In order to offer a sacrifice for the people, the priest first had to make an atonement for himself, in order to make himself clean. Only then would he be clean and be allowed to perform a sacrifice. These sacrificed animals had to be perfect, the best of all of the animals. A person was not allowed to bring an inferior animal to be sacrificed to Yahweh. These sacrifices also had to be offered in a very specific way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Leviticus intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/01.md b/lev/02/01.md index ade8d9bc6f..0c53802d72 100644 --- a/lev/02/01.md +++ b/lev/02/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# be fine flour -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **He is to take** - "He must take" -* **it will be an offering made to him by fire** - AT: "it will be an burnt offering to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"be the finest flour" or "be the best flour" + +# flour + +a powder made from wheat + +# He is to take + +"He must take" + +# take out a handful + +"take out what he can hold in his hand" + +# a representative offering + +The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. + +# It will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be an offering made to him by fire + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "it will be a burnt offering to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/04.md b/lev/02/04.md index 87175790c9..07cda9bde7 100644 --- a/lev/02/04.md +++ b/lev/02/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast, leaven]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people and priests must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him. -## translationNotes +# that is baked in an oven -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **that is baked in an oven** - AT: "that you baked in an oven" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **which is spread with oil** - AT: "with oil on the bread" -* **If your grain offering is baked with a flat iron pan** - AT: "If you bake your grain offering in a flat iron pan" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you baked in an oven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# oven + +This was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# soft bread of fine flour + +It is understood that the soft bread contained no yeast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# which is spread with oil + +Translate this phrase to indicate that the oil is to be spread onto the bread. AT: "with oil on the bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If your grain offering is baked with a flat iron pan + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you bake your grain offering in a flat iron pan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a flat iron pan + +This is a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/06.md b/lev/02/06.md index 76499472cc..2b9c6faa4d 100644 --- a/lev/02/06.md +++ b/lev/02/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him. -## translationNotes +# to divide it -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **If your grain offering is cooked** - AT: "If you cook your grain offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it must be made** - AT: "you must make it" +Here "it" refers to the grain offering cooked on a flat iron pan. + +# If your grain offering is cooked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you cook your grain offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in a pan + +A pan is a metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# it must be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must make it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/08.md b/lev/02/08.md index efaa0b546d..e020661dfa 100644 --- a/lev/02/08.md +++ b/lev/02/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him. -## translationNotes +# made from these things -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **made from these things** - AT: "that you made from the flour and oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it will be presented** - AT: "you will present it" -* **Then the priest...made by fire** - For 2:9-10 see how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:lev:02:01]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you made from the flour and oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will be presented + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will present it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then the priest ... made by fire + +For 2:9-10 see how you translated many of these words in [Leviticus 2:2-3](./01.md). + +# a representative offering + +The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](./01.md). + +# It will be an offering made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It will be a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the offerings to Yahweh made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/11.md b/lev/02/11.md index 9b757986a1..72dff62c0e 100644 --- a/lev/02/11.md +++ b/lev/02/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit|first fruits]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast, leaven]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so that their offerings will be acceptable to him. -## translationNotes +# No grain offering that you offer to Yahweh is to be made with yeast -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **No grain offering that you offer to Yahweh is to be made with yeast** - AT: "Do not use yeast in a grain offering that you offer to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **as an offering made by fire** - AT: "as a burnt offering" -* **You will offer them** - "You will offer the grain offering" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not use yeast in a grain offering that you offer to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as an offering made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will offer them + +"You will offer the grain offerings made with leaven or honey" + +# they will not be used to produce a sweet aroma on the altar + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not use them to produce a sweet aroma on the altar" or "you will not burn them on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the salt of the covenant of your God + +It is implied that the salt is a symbol that represents the covenant with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/14.md b/lev/02/14.md index cb6a5d3199..789fb000fb 100644 --- a/lev/02/14.md +++ b/lev/02/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him. -## translationNotes +# that is roasted with fire and then crushed -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **that is roasted with fire** - AT: "that you have cooked over a fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to gratefully think about Yahweh's goodness. This is an offering made by fire to Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:02:01]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you have cooked over a fire and then crushed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a representative offering + +The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](./01.md). + +# This is an offering made by fire to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/intro.md b/lev/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2a6915ccb --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions about how to make a grain offering. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yeast ##### +Yeast is connected to the events of the Passover. Any prohibition of yeast may be connected to the original Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/01.md b/lev/03/01.md index f2e50d5bfd..5b168c8067 100644 --- a/lev/03/01.md +++ b/lev/03/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do. -## translationNotes +# before Yahweh -* Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do. -* **lay his hand on the head** - "placed his hand upon the head" This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God. -* **before Yahweh** - "unto Yahweh" +"in the presence of Yahweh" or "to Yahweh" + +# lay his hand on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Aaron's sons the priests will sprinkle its blood + +It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch blood in a bowl as the it drains from the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/03.md b/lev/03/03.md index 9544a28aab..0bbbd7239a 100644 --- a/lev/03/03.md +++ b/lev/03/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# inner parts -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] +This is the stomach and intestines. -## translationNotes +# by the loins -* **inner parts** - This refers to the inner body organs. -* **by the loins** - This is the area near the tail. -* **the lobe of the liver** - This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. +This is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. + +# the lobe of the liver + +This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. AT: "the best part of the liver" + +# This will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be an offering made to him by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/06.md b/lev/03/06.md index c4abb63f09..cecf75468e 100644 --- a/lev/03/06.md +++ b/lev/03/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# offer it before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +"offer it in the presence of Yahweh" or "offer it to Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# lay his hand on the head -* **lay his hand on the head** - See how you translated this phrase in v. 3: 2. This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God. +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Aaron's sons will sprinkle its blood + +It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/09.md b/lev/03/09.md index e3340cf67c..8882f5ee5e 100644 --- a/lev/03/09.md +++ b/lev/03/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# as an offering made by fire -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The fat, the entire fat ... the kidneys—he will remove all of this -* **as an offering made by fire** - "as a burnt offering" -* **inner parts...kidneys...loins...lobe of the liver** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:03]]. +The statement "he will remove all of this" can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. AT: "He will remove the fat, the entire fat ... the kidneys" + +# inner parts + +This is the stomach and intestines. + +# that is near the inner parts, and the two kidneys + +A new sentence can start here. AT: "that is near the inner parts. He must remove the kidneys" + +# by the loins + +This is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. + +# the lobe of the liver + +This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. AT: "the best part of the liver" + +# will burn it all on the altar as a burnt offering of food to Yahweh + +Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food. AT: "will burn those things on the altar as an offering to Yahweh. Those things will come from your food supplies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/12.md b/lev/03/12.md index f51ce60f2b..4d5a09b3a0 100644 --- a/lev/03/12.md +++ b/lev/03/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +"in the presence of Yahweh" or "to Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# lay his hand on the head -* **lay his hand on the head** - See how you translated this phrase in v. 3: 2. This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God. +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the sons of Aaron will sprinkle its blood + +It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will offer his sacrifice made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will offer his sacrifice by fire" or "will burn his sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/15.md b/lev/03/15.md index c57ca4d855..b9619d75f8 100644 --- a/lev/03/15.md +++ b/lev/03/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He will also -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Here "He" refers to the person offering the sacrifice. -## translationNotes +# will burn all that on the altar as a burnt offering of food -* **He will also** - "The man making the sacrifice will also" -* **loins...lobe of the liver...kidneys** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:03]]. +Translate this in a way that it does not seem like Yahweh actually eats the food. AT: "will burn those things on the altar to be an offering to Yahweh. It will be as though they are food given to Yahweh" + +# to produce a sweet aroma + +Yahweh is pleased with the aroma of burning meat when he is pleased with the worshiper's sincerity. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will be a permanent statute throughout your people's generations + +This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. + +# or blood + +"or consume blood" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/intro.md b/lev/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4643aee58b --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a fellowship offering. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fat ##### +The fat of the animal was considered the best part of the animal to eat. Therefore, this belonged to Yahweh. This is why the Israelites were not allowed to consume it. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/01.md b/lev/04/01.md index a87581dc2d..5962a231d3 100644 --- a/lev/04/01.md +++ b/lev/04/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, "Tell the people of Israel, 'When anyone sins -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest|high priest]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to tell the people of Israel this: 'When anyone sins" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# that Yahweh has commanded not to be done -* **if he does something that is prohibited** - AT: "if he does something that Yahweh does not allow" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the following must be done** - AT: "he must do the following" (See: Active - Passive) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh has commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if he does something that is prohibited + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "if he does something that Yahweh does not allow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the following must be done + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "he must do the following" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so as to bring guilt on the people + +The abstract noun "guilt" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "so as to cause the people to be guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/04.md b/lev/04/04.md index 88dcb380c6..ff1a4b78b3 100644 --- a/lev/04/04.md +++ b/lev/04/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# He must bring the bull -* Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -* **He must bring the bull** - "The high priest must bring the bull" -* **lay his hand on its head** - See how you translated this in v. 3: 2. This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God. +"The high priest must bring the bull" + +# lay his hand on its head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# The anointed priest will take some of the blood + +It is implied that the priest catches the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/06.md b/lev/04/06.md index 5d4805fc8b..248829a912 100644 --- a/lev/04/06.md +++ b/lev/04/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# sprinkle some of it -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace|holy place, most holy place]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"drip some of it" or "splatter some of it" -## translationNotes +# horns of the altar -* **sprinkle** - "drip" or "splatter" -* **horns of the altar** - This refers to the corners of the altar which are shaped like the horns of an ox. -* **pour out** - "emptied out the blood" or "let the blood run out" -* **at the base of the altar** - "at the bottom of the altar" +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. AT: "the projections at the corners of the altar" + +# pour out + +"empty out the rest of the blood" + +# at the base of the altar + +"at the bottom of the altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/08.md b/lev/04/08.md index 0b039850b1..62cc600abc 100644 --- a/lev/04/08.md +++ b/lev/04/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He will cut away -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +"The priest will cut away" -## translationNotes +# the fat that covers the inner parts ... with the kidneys—he will cut away all this -* **He will cut away** - "The priest will cut away" -* **the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the lobe of the liver, with the kidneys—he will cut away all this** - See how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:03]]. +The statement "he will cut away all this" can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. AT: "He will cut away the fat that covers the inner parts ... with the kidneys" + +# inner parts + +This is the stomach and intestines. + +# by the loins + +This is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. + +# the lobe of the liver + +This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. AT: "the best part of the liver" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/11.md b/lev/04/11.md index 806539988d..4de281d5b7 100644 --- a/lev/04/11.md +++ b/lev/04/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The skin ... the parts of the bull—he will carry all these parts outside -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] +The statement "he will carry all these parts" can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. AT: "The priest will carry the skin ... the parts of the bull outside" -## translationNotes +# a place that they have cleansed for me -* **he will carry** - "the priest will carry" -* **they have cleansed for me** - Here "they" refers to the priests and "me" refers to Yahweh. +A place being ritually pure and suitable to use for serving God is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they have cleansed for me + +Here "they" refers to the priests, and "me" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/13.md b/lev/04/13.md index 58e13d2975..51ff4bce1b 100644 --- a/lev/04/13.md +++ b/lev/04/13.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# is unaware -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"does not know" -## translationNotes +# commanded not to be done -* **is unaware** - "does not know" -* **commanded not to be done** - AT: "commanded them not to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when the sin they have committed becomes known** - AT: "when they realize that they have sinned" -* **the bull will be killed** - AT: "and they will kill the bull" (See: Active - Passive) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "commanded them not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if they are guilty + +"they are guilty" or "they deserve for God to punish them" + +# when the sin they have committed becomes known + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when they realize that they have sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will lay their hands on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies the people with the animal they are offering. In this way the people are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the bull will be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and they will kill the bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/16.md b/lev/04/16.md index 06a82ec74d..6ed3ace860 100644 --- a/lev/04/16.md +++ b/lev/04/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# The anointed priest will bring some of the blood -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +It is implied that the priest caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before the curtain + +It is implied that this is the curtain before the most holy place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/18.md b/lev/04/18.md index 7084ce8eaf..46d36bd657 100644 --- a/lev/04/18.md +++ b/lev/04/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He will put -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"The priest will put" -## translationNotes +# horns of the altar -* **He will put** - "The priest will put" -* **the horns of the altar** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:04:06]]. +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](./06.md). + +# he will pour out all the blood + +"he will pour out the rest of the blood" + +# all the fat from it and burn it + +"all the fat from the bull and burn the fat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/20.md b/lev/04/20.md index 5f902a066e..613fd229ff 100644 --- a/lev/04/20.md +++ b/lev/04/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he must do -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +"the priest must do" -## translationNotes +# the priest will make atonement for the people -* **he must do** - "the priest must do" -* **they will be forgiven** - AT: "Yahweh will forgive them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the priest will atone for the people's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/22.md b/lev/04/22.md index 869ef3d858..81cbb60f05 100644 --- a/lev/04/22.md +++ b/lev/04/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# God has commanded not to be done -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# then his sin which he has committed is made known to him -* **God has commanded not to be done** - AT: "God has commanded the people not to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **then if his sin which he has committed is made known to him ** - AT: "then if he realizes that he has sinned" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then he realizes that he has sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/24.md b/lev/04/24.md index 97345f411b..fc16c9f99f 100644 --- a/lev/04/24.md +++ b/lev/04/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He will lay -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"The ruler will lay" -## translationNotes +# lay his hand on the head -* **He will lay** - "The ruler will lay" -* **where they kill** - "where the priests kill" -* **the horns of the altar** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:04:06]]. +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# where they kill + +"where the priests kill" + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh" or "to Yahweh" + +# The priest will take the blood + +It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# horns of the altar + +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/26.md b/lev/04/26.md index a44a08d059..8584995e93 100644 --- a/lev/04/26.md +++ b/lev/04/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He will burn -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +"The priest will burn" -## translationNotes +# The priest will make atonement for the ruler -* **He will burn** - "The priest will burn" -* **the ruler will be forgiven** - AT: "God will forgive the ruler's sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "The priest will atone for the ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the ruler will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the ruler's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/27.md b/lev/04/27.md index a760eea8e6..f7236e7fc8 100644 --- a/lev/04/27.md +++ b/lev/04/27.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh has commanded him not to be done -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +All of the people of Israel were commanded not to sin. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# his sin which he has committed is made known to him -* **Yahweh has commanded not to be done** - AT: "Yahweh commanded the people not to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he becomes aware of the sin he committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/29.md b/lev/04/29.md index 436ab6f100..c80f7c419c 100644 --- a/lev/04/29.md +++ b/lev/04/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# lay his hand on the head -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# The priest will take some of the blood -* **He will lay** - "The man will lay" -* **the horns of the altar** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:04:06]]. -* **all the rest of the blood** - "all the blood remaining in the bowl" +It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# horns of the altar + +This refers to the corners of the altar, which are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](./06.md). + +# all the rest of the blood + +"all the blood remaining in the bowl" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/31.md b/lev/04/31.md index 74f367c08c..cb377c7c31 100644 --- a/lev/04/31.md +++ b/lev/04/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He will cut away -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "He" refers to the person offering the sacrifice. -## translationNotes +# just as the fat is cut away -* **He will cut** - "The priest will cut" -* **to produce a sweet aroma** - "to make a sweet aroma" -* **his sins will be forgiven** - AT: "Yahweh will forgive his sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as a person cuts away the fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will burn it + +"will burn the fat" + +# to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The priest will make atonement for the man + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "The priest will atone for the man's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the man's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/32.md b/lev/04/32.md index 41b392928c..ba37c250d4 100644 --- a/lev/04/32.md +++ b/lev/04/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# lay his hand on the head -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# where they kill -* **where they kill** - "where the priests kill" +"where the priests kill" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/34.md b/lev/04/34.md index aafec90686..d4e1b47469 100644 --- a/lev/04/34.md +++ b/lev/04/34.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# horns of the altar -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](./06.md). -## translationNotes +# he will pour out all its blood -* **the horns of the altar** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:04:06]]. -* **just as the fat of the lamb is cut away** - AT: "just as he cut away the fat of the lamb" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **offerings of Yahweh made by fire** - AT: "burnt offerings for Yahweh" -* **the man will be forgiven** - AT: "God will forgive the man's sins" +"he will pour out the rest of its blood" + +# He will cut away + +Here "He" refers to the person offering the sacrifice. + +# just as the fat of the lamb is cut away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as a person cuts away the fat of the lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the priest will burn it + +"the priest will burn the fat" + +# offerings of Yahweh made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "burnt offerings for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will make atonement for him for the sin he has committed + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "will atone for the sin the person committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the man will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the man's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/intro.md b/lev/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64e797fc2d --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions on how to offer a sacrifice for unintentional sins. This is known as a sin offering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Unintentional sins ##### +Many scholars have taken special note that all of the sacrifices concern sins that are unintentional and that no provision is offered for sins intentionally committed. Many have suggested that it is only the sacrifice of Jesus' life that can be offered for these sins. Many also believe that this offering parallels the sacrifice of Jesus. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/01.md b/lev/05/01.md index 91122ff7f4..7d1511337a 100644 --- a/lev/05/01.md +++ b/lev/05/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testimony, testify]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# something about which he is required to testify -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **something about which he is required to testify** - AT: "something about which a judge has required him to testify" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the carcass** - "the dead body" +Jewish law and leaders both required the people to testify if they were witnesses to a crime. This can be stated in active form. AT: "something about which a judge has required him to testify" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God has designated as unclean + +Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the carcass + +"the dead body" + +# he is unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/03.md b/lev/05/03.md index c3d57eeb1d..63c31933a6 100644 --- a/lev/05/03.md +++ b/lev/05/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# if he touches the uncleanness of someone, whatever that uncleanness is -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +The abstract noun "uncleanness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "if he touches anything that makes a person unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the uncleanness -* **he is unaware of it** - "he does not realize it" or "he does not know about it" -* **with his lips** - AT: "while speaking" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Something that Yahweh has declared unfit for a person to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is unaware of it + +"he does not realize it" or "he does not know about it" + +# if anyone swears rashly with his lips + +Here "lips" represents the whole person. AT: "if anyone swears rashly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# if anyone swears rashly + +This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person swears the oath that he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/05.md b/lev/05/05.md index f963cbd50f..31e0395e4d 100644 --- a/lev/05/05.md +++ b/lev/05/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:confess|confess]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering|guilt offering]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the priest will make atonement for him -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* There are no translation notes for this chunk +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the priest will atone for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/07.md b/lev/05/07.md index addd230b5b..9f56c6bd32 100644 --- a/lev/05/07.md +++ b/lev/05/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If he cannot afford to buy a lamb -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"If he does not have enough money to buy a lamb" -## translationNotes +# he will wring off its head from its neck but will not remove it -* **If he cannot afford to buy a lamb** - "If he does not have enough money to buy a lamb" -* **he will wring off its head** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:lev:01:14]]. +"he will kill it by twisting its head and breaking its neck, but he will not remove the head" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/10.md b/lev/05/10.md index 3abfa57c64..c16dfe6cf4 100644 --- a/lev/05/10.md +++ b/lev/05/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# as described in the instructions -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh has instructed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the priest will make atonement for him for the sin that he has committed -* **as described in the instructions** - AT: "as Yahweh has instructed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the person will be forgiven** - AT: "Yahweh will forgive the person" +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the priest will atone for the sin that the person committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the person will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/11.md b/lev/05/11.md index 4621514dab..2c77d550e2 100644 --- a/lev/05/11.md +++ b/lev/05/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# a tenth of an ephah -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:tenth|tenth, tithe]] +An ephah is 22 liters. A tenth of an ephah is about two liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# a tenth -* **a tenth of an ephah** - This is about 2 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +This is one part out of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/12.md b/lev/05/12.md index 9358b30401..c869325626 100644 --- a/lev/05/12.md +++ b/lev/05/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He must bring it -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"He must bring the fine flour" -## translationNotes +# a representative offering -* **the priest will take a handful of it** - This refers to the portion the priests were allowed to take for themselves. -* **to gratefully think about Yahweh's goodness** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:lev:02:01]]. -* **on top of the offerings of Yahweh made by fire** - AT: "on top of the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that person will be forgiven** - AT: "God will forgive that person's sins." +The handful that the priest burns on the altar represents the entire offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](../02/01.md). + +# on top of the offerings made by fire for Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on top of the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will make atonement + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "will atone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# that person will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive that person's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/14.md b/lev/05/14.md index 918f6756b5..e1c206bd0c 100644 --- a/lev/05/14.md +++ b/lev/05/14.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# sins against the things that belong to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:blemish|blemish]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering|guilt offering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:wrong|wrong, mistreat, hurt]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This means the person sinned by not giving to Yahweh what Yahweh commanded him to give. AT: "sins by failing to give to Yahweh what belongs to Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# its value must be appraised in silver shekels -* **that is required by Yahweh** - AT: "that Yahweh requires" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **if he is at first not aware** - "if at first he does not realize" -* **shekel** - This is about 11 grams in weight. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **that person will be forgiven** - AT: "Yahweh will forgive that person" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must determine how many shekels the ram is worth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shekels + +A shekel is about 11 grams in weight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# the shekel of the sanctuary + +This probably means there were at least two ways of measuring a shekel. This refers to how the priests of the sanctuary weigh a shekel. AT: "the official standard in the sacred tent" + +# the sanctuary + +This is another name for the holy tent. + +# he must add one-fifth + +This means the person must pay an extra one-fifth of the value of what he owes to Yahweh. + +# one-fifth + +This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# the priest will make atonement for him + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the priest will atone for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# that person will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/17.md b/lev/05/17.md index a9ce9f887f..1b2d90ad7d 100644 --- a/lev/05/17.md +++ b/lev/05/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# has commanded not to be done -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# must carry his own guilt -* **has commanded not to be done** - AT: "has commanded the people not to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and must carry his own guilt** - "and he is responsible for his own guilt" or "and Yahweh will punish him for his sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he will be forgiven** - AT: "Yahweh will forgive him" +A person's guilt is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word "guilt" represents the punishment for that guilt. AT: "he is responsible for his own guilt" or "Yahweh will punish him for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# worth the current value + +This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. See [Leviticus 5:15](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# he will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he is certainly guilty before Yahweh + +"Yahweh certainly considers him guilty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/intro.md b/lev/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2381b5bda9 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Leviticus 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a specific type of sacrifice. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Not testifying ##### +If a person saw a crime, or a wrong being done, they were required to be a witness about what they saw or heard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +##### Sacrifices for the poor ##### +This chapter explains that poor people were allowed to offer less expensive sacrifices if they could not afford more costly sacrifices. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/01.md b/lev/06/01.md index 6fac4d554b..f555e12b5f 100644 --- a/lev/06/01.md +++ b/lev/06/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# breaks a command against Yahweh -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"disobeys one of Yahweh's commandments" -## translationNotes +# dealing falsely with his neighbor regarding something entrusted to him -* **breaks a command against Yahweh** - "disobeys one of Yahweh's commandments" -* **dealing falsely with his neighbor regarding something entrusted to him** - "lying to his neighbor about something the neighbor let him borrow" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "lying to his neighbor about something the neighbor let him borrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his neighbor + +Here "neighbor" means any Israelite, not just someone who lives nearby. + +# taking what was entrusted to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "not returning something he borrowed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/05.md b/lev/06/05.md index 0a33fddf96..6a2950d692 100644 --- a/lev/06/05.md +++ b/lev/06/05.md @@ -1,28 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# in full -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"fully" or "totally" -## translationNotes +# add one-fifth -* **in full** - "fully" or "totally" -* **add one fifth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:05:14]]. -* **to pay him to whom it is owed** - AT: "to pay the person he owes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he is found guilty** - AT: "the judge declares him guilty" -* **he will be forgiven** - AT: "God will forgive him" +This means the person must return what he owes to someone and pay an extra one-fifth of the value. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 5:16](../05/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# to pay him to whom it is owed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "to pay the person he owes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he is found guilty + +The person who stole is to be brought before the judge and be declared guilty. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the judge declares him guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# worth the current value + +This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. You can make clear the understood information. See how this was translated in [Leviticus 5:15](../05/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# The priest will make atonement for him + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "The priest will atone for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh" + +# he will be forgiven + +This means Yahweh will forgive the person, not the priest. This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will forgive him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/08.md b/lev/06/08.md index c371c1a022..ec26649b25 100644 --- a/lev/06/08.md +++ b/lev/06/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, "Command Aaron and his sons, saying, 'This is the law -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to command Aaron and his sons, saying, 'This is the law" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# must be on the hearth of the altar -* **must be on the hearth of the altar** - "must be on top of the altar" -* **the fire of the altar will be kept burning** - AT: "you must keep the fire of the altar burning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"must be on top of the altar" + +# the fire of the altar will be kept burning + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must keep the fire of the altar burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/10.md b/lev/06/10.md index a579882b6d..d72b95df53 100644 --- a/lev/06/10.md +++ b/lev/06/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# his linen clothes -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:consume|consume]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Linen is a white cloth. AT: "his white clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# He will pick up the ashes -* **He will pick up the ashes** - "He will gather the ashes" +"He will gather the ashes" + +# after the fire has consumed the burnt offering + +The fire completely burning up the offering is spoken of as if it consumed or used up the burnt offering. + +# to a place that is clean + +A place that is fit to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/12.md b/lev/06/12.md index e988347180..09103fde74 100644 --- a/lev/06/12.md +++ b/lev/06/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The fire on the altar will be kept burning -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The priest will keep the fire on the altar burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# as required on it -* **The fire on the altar will be kept burning** - AT: "The priest will keep the fire on the altar burning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **as required ** - AT: "as God demands" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on it as Yahweh demands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/14.md b/lev/06/14.md index c8279a8d62..1818f3118b 100644 --- a/lev/06/14.md +++ b/lev/06/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to produce a sweet aroma -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a representative offering -* **to gratefully think about Yahweh's goodness** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:02:01]]. +The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/16.md b/lev/06/16.md index d17ad88665..1a93ecf60e 100644 --- a/lev/06/16.md +++ b/lev/06/16.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It must be eaten -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast, leaven]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# It must not be baked with yeast -* **it must be eaten** - AT: "They must eat it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It must not be baked with yeast** - AT: "Do not bake it with yeast" -* **offerings made by fire** - AT: "burnt offerings" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Do not bake it with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# offerings made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "burnt offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whoever touches them will become holy + +This is an implied warning that those who are not male descendants of Aaron should not touch this offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/19.md b/lev/06/19.md index dd735b1819..dea3be42ba 100644 --- a/lev/06/19.md +++ b/lev/06/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# when each son is anointed -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:tenth|tenth, tithe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +It is implied that they will be anointed when they become priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "when he anoints each son, ordaining them as priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a tenth part of an ephah -* **when each son is anointed** - "when he anoints each son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a tenth part of an ephah** - "two liters" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +An ephah is 22 liters. One-tenth of an ephah is about 2 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a tenth + +This is one part of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/21.md b/lev/06/21.md index 2c29971ec1..39ef84d5ac 100644 --- a/lev/06/21.md +++ b/lev/06/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# It will be made -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest|high priest]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You will make it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# in a baking pan -* **It will be made** - "You will make it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when it is soaked** - "when the flour is completely wet with oil" -* **You will bring it in** - Here "you" refers to Aaron. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **As commanded** - AT: "As God has commanded you" +This is a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated "flat iron pan" in [Leviticus 2:5](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# When it is soaked + +"When the flour is completely wet with oil" + +# you will bring it in + +Here "you" refers to the person offering the sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# As commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As Yahweh has commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all of it shall be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must burn all of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be completely burned up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must burn it up completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It must not be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/24.md b/lev/06/24.md index fb20c3af0a..bd95c61ebd 100644 --- a/lev/06/24.md +++ b/lev/06/24.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh spoke to Moses again, saying, "Speak to Aaron and to his sons, saying, 'This is the law -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Yahweh spoke to Moses again and told him to speak to Aaron and his sons, saying, 'This is the law" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# Speak to Aaron and to his sons -* **The sin offering must be killed** - "You must kill the sin offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **where the burnt offering is killed** - "where they kill the animal for the burnt offering" -* **before Yahweh** - "to Yahweh" -* **It must be eaten** - AT: "The priest must eat it" +Yahweh is speaking to Aaron and his sons, but these regulations apply to all priest who perform these sacrifices. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The sin offering must be killed at ... before Yahweh + +It can be made explicit that this refers to the north side of the altar. See [Leviticus 1:10-11](../01/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The sin offering must be killed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must kill the sin offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# where the burnt offering is killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where you kill the animal for the burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"to Yahweh" + +# It must be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/27.md b/lev/06/27.md index d4fddb8b7f..57619a2ead 100644 --- a/lev/06/27.md +++ b/lev/06/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Whatever touches its meat will become holy -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] +This is an implied warning that no one besides the priests should touch the meat of the sin offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# if the blood is sprinkled on -* **if the blood is splashed on** - AT: "if the blood splashes on" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "if the blood sprinkles on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the clay pot in which it is boiled must be broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must break the clay pot in which you boiled the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If it is boiled in a bronze pot, it must be scrubbed and rinsed clean in water + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you boiled the meat in a bronze pot, then you must scrub the pot and rinse it with clean water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/29.md b/lev/06/29.md index b7e2f98a03..cc97b731aa 100644 --- a/lev/06/29.md +++ b/lev/06/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But any sin offering ... must not be eaten -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "But no one may eat any sin offering whose blood is brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# whose blood is brought into the tent of meeting -* **no sin offering must be eaten** - "no one may eat the sin offerings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from which any blood is brought into the tent of meeting** - AT: "from which the priest takes the blood into the tent of meeting" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "from which the priest takes the blood into the tent of meeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It must be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The priest must burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/intro.md b/lev/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..467706b7f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, burnt offerings, and grain offerings. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eating sacrifices ##### +The Levites were allowed to eat some of the leftover parts of the sacrifice, while they were not allowed to eat other sacrifices. The reasons for this is unknown. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/01.md b/lev/07/01.md index b81d81e473..842933f0fd 100644 --- a/lev/07/01.md +++ b/lev/07/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell Aaron and his sons. -## translationNotes +# in the place for killing it -* Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh commands them to do. -* **All the fat in it will be offered** - AT: "The priest must offer all the fat in it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **kidneys...loins...liver** - See how you translated these words in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:03]]. -* **all this must be removed** - AT: "The priest must remove all this" +It can be made explicit that this refers to place where the animals for the burnt offerings are killed. See [Leviticus 1:10-11](../01/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# All the fat in it will be offered + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The priest must offer all the fat in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# inner parts + +This is the stomach and intestines. + +# liver ... kidneys + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). + +# next to the loins + +This is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). + +# all this must be removed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priest must remove all this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/05.md b/lev/07/05.md index 501c3834e7..65503465b4 100644 --- a/lev/07/05.md +++ b/lev/07/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# as an offering made with fire -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# It must be eaten -* **as an offering made with fire** - AT: "as a burnt offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It must be eaten** - AT: "They must eat it" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/07.md b/lev/07/07.md index 9a07a0c562..cbb3042050 100644 --- a/lev/07/07.md +++ b/lev/07/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The same law applies to both of them -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +"The law is the same for both of them" -## translationNotes +# to the priest who makes atonement with them -* **The same law applies for both of them** - "The law is the same for both of them" -* **hide** - the coat or skin of a herd animal +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "to the priest who offers the sacrifice to atone for someone's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# hide + +the coat or skin of a herd animal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/09.md b/lev/07/09.md index e9fc1c1cd4..d1808cbba8 100644 --- a/lev/07/09.md +++ b/lev/07/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# that is baked in an oven ... that is cooked in a frying pan -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that someone bakes in an oven ... that someone cooks in a frying pan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# oven -* **that is baked in an oven...that is cooked in a frying pan** - "that bakes in an oven" or "that cooks in a frying pan" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a frying pan + +This is a metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire. See how you translated "pan" in [Leviticus 2:7](../02/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a baking pan + +This is a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated "flat iron pan" in [Leviticus 2:5](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/11.md b/lev/07/11.md index 4f763fb7aa..80a7ebe586 100644 --- a/lev/07/11.md +++ b/lev/07/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# of cakes made without yeast, but mixed with oil -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "of cakes he made without yeast but mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# cakes ... mixed with oil -* **of cakes made without yeast, but mixed with oil** - AT: "of cakes he made without yeast, but he mixed it with oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **of cakes made without yeast, but spread with oil** - AT: "of thin cakes he made without yeast, but he spread oil on it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **of cakes made with fine flour that is mixed with oil** - AT: "of cakes he made with fine flour that he mixed with oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "cakes" refers to a thick bread. + +# of cakes made without yeast, but spread with oil + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "of thin cakes he made without yeast but spread with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cakes ... spread with oil + +Here "cakes" refers to a thin bread. + +# of cakes made with fine flour that is mixed with oil + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "of cakes he made with fine flour mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cakes made with fine flour + +Here "cakes" refers to a thick bread. It is similar to the first type of bread except it is made with the finest flour. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/13.md b/lev/07/13.md index ecdb808f7c..93772d49c8 100644 --- a/lev/07/13.md +++ b/lev/07/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# cakes of bread made with yeast -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "cakes of bread he made with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# cakes -* **cakes of bread made with yeast** - AT: "cakes of bread he made with yeast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to a thick bread. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/15.md b/lev/07/15.md index 73c8012265..d8d0521c73 100644 --- a/lev/07/15.md +++ b/lev/07/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The person presenting -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +"The person who offers" -## translationNotes +# for the purpose of giving thanks -* **The person presenting** - "The person who offers" -* **for the purpose of giving thanks** - "for the purpose of thanking Yahweh" -* **the meat must be eaten...the meat may be eaten** - AT: "he must eat the meat"..."he may eat the meat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "thanks" can be stated as a verb. AT: "for the purpose of thanking Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the meat must be eaten ... it may be eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "he must eat the meat ... he may eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/17.md b/lev/07/17.md index 0b87ee36fc..f8768973ff 100644 --- a/lev/07/17.md +++ b/lev/07/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# on the third day -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +Third is the ordinal number for three. AT: "after two days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# must be burned -* **must be burned** - AT: "the person must burn it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **is eaten** - AT: "he eats" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person must burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If any of the meat of the sacrifice of one's peace offering is eaten on the third day + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "If anyone eats the meat of his peace offering sacrifice on the third day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will not be accepted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will not accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# neither will it be credited to the one who offered it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "neither will Yahweh honor the sacrifice that the person offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will carry the guilt of his sin + +A person being responsible for the sin he committed is spoken of as if he had to carry the guilt physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/19.md b/lev/07/19.md index 9ee91a50b2..814001fc69 100644 --- a/lev/07/19.md +++ b/lev/07/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Any meat that touches an unclean thing must not be eaten -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "No one may eat meat that touches something unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# an unclean thing -* **Any meat that touches an unclean thing must not be eaten** - AT: "No one may eat meat that touches something unclean" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It must be burned** - AT: "You must burn it"(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **must be cut off from his people** - AT: "may not live among his people" or "you must separate from his people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It must be burned + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# anyone who is clean + +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unclean person + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that person must be cut off from his people + +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/21.md b/lev/07/21.md index 24d93aab8e..90ca698291 100644 --- a/lev/07/21.md +++ b/lev/07/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# any unclean thing -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# whether uncleanness of man, or of unclean beast -* **or of some unclean and disgusting thing** - "or of some unclean thing that disgusts Yahweh" -* **cut off from his people** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:07:19]]. +Here "man" means humans in general. AT: "whether of a person or a beast" + +# or of some unclean and disgusting thing + +"or of some unclean thing that disgusts Yahweh" + +# that person must be cut off from his people + +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](./19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/22.md b/lev/07/22.md index 879987ba54..a1b3d40d66 100644 --- a/lev/07/22.md +++ b/lev/07/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, "Speak to the people of Israel and say, 'You must eat no fat -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to tell the people of Israel this: 'You must eat no fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# died without being a sacrifice -* **died without being a sacrifice** - "died but was not a sacrifice" -* **the fat of an animal torn by wild animals** - AT: "the fat of an animal which wild animals killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **may be used** - AT: "you may use" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"died but was not a sacrifice" + +# the fat of an animal torn by wild animals + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the fat of an animal that wild animals killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may be used + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you may use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/25.md b/lev/07/25.md index f1effec44c..2a428579ff 100644 --- a/lev/07/25.md +++ b/lev/07/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# sacrifice by fire -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# that person must be cut off from his people -* **sacrifice by fire** - "burnt offering" -* **cut off from his people** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:07:19]]. +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](./19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You must eat no blood + +"You must not consume blood" + +# in any of your houses + +"in any of your homes" or "wherever you live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/28.md b/lev/07/28.md index 7ffaae84ec..557e610701 100644 --- a/lev/07/28.md +++ b/lev/07/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# So Yahweh spoke to Moses and said, "Speak to the people of Israel and say, 'He who offers -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to tell the people of Israel this: 'He who offers" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# The offering for Yahweh to be made by fire, his own hands must bring it -* **to be made by fire** - "that will be a burnt offering" -* **his own hands must bring it** - AT: "he must bring it himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **so that the breast may be an offering raised before Yahweh and presented to him** - AT: "so that he can raise it to Yahweh and present it to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The statement "his own hands must bring it" can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. The phrase "to be made by fire" can be stated in active form. AT: "He himself must bring the offering that he plans to burn as a sacrifice to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his own hands must bring it + +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "he must bring it himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# breast + +the front part of the animal's body below the neck + +# so that the breast may be waved as a wave offering before Yahweh + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "so that the priest can present it to Yahweh as a wave offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may be waved as a wave offering before Yahweh + +Raising up the offering is a symbolic gesture that shows that the person is dedicating the sacrifice to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/31.md b/lev/07/31.md index dd04114a37..6629277a0e 100644 --- a/lev/07/31.md +++ b/lev/07/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# thigh -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +the upper part of the leg above the knee -## translationNotes +# as an offering presented -* **breast** - the front part of the animals body below the neck -* **thigh** - the upper part of the leg above the knee -* **as an offering presented** - "and present it as an offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "and present it as an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/33.md b/lev/07/33.md index 2246bd5d0f..9a4a5a2415 100644 --- a/lev/07/33.md +++ b/lev/07/33.md @@ -1,23 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# For I have taken -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering|fellowship offering, peace offering]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest|high priest]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# that is the contribution -* **For I have taken** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **that was raised and presented to me** - AT: "that the priest raised and presented to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"that is given as an offering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/35.md b/lev/07/35.md index 55b9a08e63..100b47f695 100644 --- a/lev/07/35.md +++ b/lev/07/35.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the offerings for Yahweh made by fire -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the burnt offerings for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# that Yahweh commanded to be given them from the people of Israel -* **the offerings made by fire** - AT: "burnt offerings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that he anointed the priests** - "that Moses anointed the priests" -* **throughout all generations** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:15]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh commanded the people of Israel to give to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that he anointed the priests + +"that Moses anointed the priests" + +# throughout all generations + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/37.md b/lev/07/37.md index e07ae4cc7c..0ea7ab568b 100644 --- a/lev/07/37.md +++ b/lev/07/37.md @@ -1,23 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This is the end of a speech started in verse [Leviticus 7:29](./28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/intro.md b/lev/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ff2a6d883 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, peace offerings and freewill offerings. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blood ##### +The people were not allowed to eat or drink the blood of the sacrificed meat because life was considered to be in the blood of the animal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [Leviticus 17:11](../17/10.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/01.md b/lev/08/01.md index c959ddd07f..e512c58281 100644 --- a/lev/08/01.md +++ b/lev/08/01.md @@ -1,30 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread|unleavened bread]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +In chapter 8 Moses ordains Aaron and his sons as priests according to the commands of Yahweh that Moses recorded in the book of Exodus. -## translationNotes +# the garments -* **the garments** - "the clothes that they will wear while they do the work of priests " +"the priestly garments" or "the clothes that the priests wore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/04.md b/lev/08/04.md index 4080cd96b4..2056db0c66 100644 --- a/lev/08/04.md +++ b/lev/08/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh has commanded to be done -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Yahweh has commanded to be done** - AT: “Yahweh commands us to do” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh commands us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/06.md b/lev/08/06.md index 8c34e55cf0..f6c57d674d 100644 --- a/lev/08/06.md +++ b/lev/08/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# washed them with water -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:ephod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This is a symbolic action. It is a ritually cleaning that prepares them to become priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# the tunic ... the sash ... the robe ... the ephod ... the finely-woven waistband -* **sash** - a piece of cloth which ties around the waist or chest +These are special garments that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sash + +a long piece of cloth that is tied around the waist or chest + +# bound it to him + +"tied it around him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/08.md b/lev/08/08.md index 47d43d1967..7d2f19a870 100644 --- a/lev/08/08.md +++ b/lev/08/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He placed the breastpiece on him -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Moses placed the breastpiece on Aaron" -## translationNotes +# the breastpiece ... the turban ... the golden plate, the holy crown -* **He placed the breastpiece on him** - "Moses placed the breastpiece on Aaron" -* **the Urim and the Thummim** - It not clear what these are. They were objects that the priest somehow used to determine the will of God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **turban** - a head covering -* **the golden plate, the holy crown** - These refer to the same thing. It was a plate of pure gold attached to the turban. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These are all special garments that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Urim and the Thummim + +It is not clear what these are. They were objects that the priest somehow used to determine the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# turban + +a man's head covering that is a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head + +# the golden plate, the holy crown + +These two phrases refer to the same thing. It was a plate of pure gold attached to the turban. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/10.md b/lev/08/10.md index e8e004bf0c..c885af6eb3 100644 --- a/lev/08/10.md +++ b/lev/08/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all its utensils -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +These are all the pots, pans, shovels, and forks used at the altar. -## translationNotes +# the washbasin -* **all it utensils** - These are all the pots, pans, shovels, and forks used with the altar. +This is a bronze basin that was located between the altar and the tabernacle. + +# its base + +This is a bronze stand on which the washbasin was placed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/12.md b/lev/08/12.md index 7b96a70f7f..e62aa74050 100644 --- a/lev/08/12.md +++ b/lev/08/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He poured -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Moses poured" -## translationNotes +# sashes -* **He poured** - "Moses poured" -* **sashes** - See how you translated a similar word in [[en:bible:notes:lev:08:06]]. +This is the plural form of "sash." See how you translated this in [Leviticus 8:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/14.md b/lev/08/14.md index 55127fc415..c165d8d04a 100644 --- a/lev/08/14.md +++ b/lev/08/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# laid their hands on the head -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# horns of the altar -* **laid their hands on** - This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God so the animal will die for their sin instead of them. -* **horns of the altar** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:lev:04:06]]. This refers to the corners of the altar which are shaped like the horns of an ox. -* **set it apart for God** - "set the altar apart for God" +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/06.md). + +# set it apart for God + +"set the altar apart for God" + +# in order to make atonement for it + +Here "atonement" means to make the altar fit for use in serving God. AT: "in order to make it a suitable place for burning sacrifices for sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/16.md b/lev/08/16.md index 2e7a490d36..d945b4c780 100644 --- a/lev/08/16.md +++ b/lev/08/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the inner parts -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). -## translationNotes +# liver ... kidneys -* **liver...kidneys** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:03]]. -* **hide** - the coat or skin of a herd animal +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). + +# hide + +the coat or skin of a herd animal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/18.md b/lev/08/18.md index d398b70cd8..b95bf4850f 100644 --- a/lev/08/18.md +++ b/lev/08/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# laid their hands on the head -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/20.md b/lev/08/20.md index 75e2f34efe..dbaf5b8b48 100644 --- a/lev/08/20.md +++ b/lev/08/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He cut the ram -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Moses cut the ram" -## translationNotes +# produced a sweet aroma -* **He cut the ram** - "Moses cut the ram" -* **produced a sweet aroma** - "caused a pleasing smell" -* **an offering made by fire to Yahweh** - AT: "a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an offering made by fire to Yahweh + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "an offering he burned to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/22.md b/lev/08/22.md index b439aba0bd..908e54efcf 100644 --- a/lev/08/22.md +++ b/lev/08/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the ram of consecration -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The word "consecration" is an abstract noun. AT: "the ram for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# laid their hands on the head -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way the they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Moses took some of its blood + +It is implied that Moses caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained out from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/25.md b/lev/08/25.md index 5071d8b59b..c5660d419b 100644 --- a/lev/08/25.md +++ b/lev/08/25.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# inner parts -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +**the inner parts** - This is the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). -## translationNotes +# liver ... kidneys -* **inner parts** - This refers to the inner body organs. -* **liver...kidneys** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:03]]. -* **right thigh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:07:31]]. +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). + +# right thigh + +The thigh is the upper part of the leg above the knee. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:32](../07/31.md). + +# the basket of bread without yeast that was before Yahweh + +This does not refer to the location of the basket of bread. It means this is the bread that Moses had dedicated to Yahweh. + +# put it all in the hands of Aaron and in the hands of his sons + +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "gave it all to Aaron and his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# waved them before Yahweh as a wave offering + +It is implied that Aaron and his sons presented the offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "they waved them before Yahweh as a wave offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# waved them + +This is a symbolic action that dedicates the offering to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/28.md b/lev/08/28.md index 870ad3491a..290050d33c 100644 --- a/lev/08/28.md +++ b/lev/08/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses took them -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "them" refers to the fat, thigh, and all of the bread. -## translationNotes +# from off their hands -* **Moses took them** - Here "them" refers to fat, thigh, and all of the bread. -* **from off their hands** - AT: "from Aaron and his sons" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **an offering made by fire to Yahweh** - AT: "a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **breast** - the front part of the animals body below the neck -* **ordination** - an official ceremony that makes someone a priest +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "from Aaron and his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# They were a consecration offering + +"They were an offering for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to Yahweh" + +# an offering made by fire to Yahweh + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# produced a sweet aroma + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# breast + +the front part of the animal's body below the neck + +# ordination + +an official ceremony that makes someone a priest \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/30.md b/lev/08/30.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3182f504cd..0000000000 --- a/lev/08/30.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this verse. diff --git a/lev/08/31.md b/lev/08/31.md index eb7016ea38..2609ec6fc6 100644 --- a/lev/08/31.md +++ b/lev/08/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the basket of consecration -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:ordinance]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means the basket contains offerings used while consecrating Aaron and his sons. AT: "the basket" -## translationNotes +# as I commanded, saying, 'Aaron and his sons will eat it.' -* **until the days of your ordination are fulfilled** - AT: "until you fulfill the days of your ordination" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ordination** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:08:28]]. +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "as I commanded you to do" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# until the days of your ordination are fulfilled + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "until you fulfill the days of your ordination" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ordination + +This is an official ceremony that makes someone a priest. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 8:29](./28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/34.md b/lev/08/34.md index 89ac4acaed..e22723c866 100644 --- a/lev/08/34.md +++ b/lev/08/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to be done -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to make atonement for you -* **to be done** - AT: "us to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **this is what I have been commanded** - AT: "this is what he has commanded me" +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "to atone for your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is what I have been commanded + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "this is what he has commanded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/intro.md b/lev/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..83f1473030 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Leviticus 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In this chapter, Moses set apart, or consecrated, the sons of Aaron to be priests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/01.md b/lev/09/01.md index d4f13cbc1c..dde0eed6aa 100644 --- a/lev/09/01.md +++ b/lev/09/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the eighth day -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The word "eighth" is the ordinal number for eight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# before Yahweh -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +"to Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/03.md b/lev/09/03.md index a1357d5a0e..1cbf0e8128 100644 --- a/lev/09/03.md +++ b/lev/09/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +Moses continues speaking to Aaron. -## translationNotes +# You must speak to the people of Israel and say, 'Take a male goat ... will appear to you -* Moses continues speaking to Aaron. -* **a year old** - "twelve months of age" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) -* **to sacrifice before Yahweh** - "to sacrifice to Yahweh" +Moses continues speaking to Aaron. This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "And tell the people of Israel to take a male goat ... will appear to all the people" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# a year old + +"twelve months of age" + +# to sacrifice before Yahweh + +"to sacrifice to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/06.md b/lev/09/06.md index f2972901c4..31d3ef2523 100644 --- a/lev/09/06.md +++ b/lev/09/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# commanded you to do -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# so that his glory may appear to you -* **commanded you to do** - Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Here "glory" represents the presence of Yahweh. AT: "so that he may show you the glory of his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make atonement for yourself and for the people ... offer the sacrifice for the people to make atonement for them + +These are two different sacrifices. The first sacrifice is to atone for the sins of the high priest. When the high priest sins it also makes the people guilty (See: [Leviticus 4:3](../04/01.md)). The second sacrifice is to atone of the sins the people themselves commit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/08.md b/lev/09/08.md index 7b9a5390aa..5c53aa8341 100644 --- a/lev/09/08.md +++ b/lev/09/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# sons of Aaron presented the blood to him -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This implies that they caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# horns of the altar -* **the horns of the altar** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:04:06]]. -* **at the base of the altar** - "at the bottom of the altar" +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/06.md). + +# at the base of the altar + +"at the bottom of the altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/10.md b/lev/09/10.md index c93db80119..20ca7e903b 100644 --- a/lev/09/10.md +++ b/lev/09/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he burned -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Aaron burned" -## translationNotes +# kidneys ... liver -* **he burned** - "Aaron burned" -* **kidneys...liver** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:03]]. -* **the hide** - the coat or skin of a herd animal +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). + +# the hide + +This is the coat or skin of a herd animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:8](../07/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/12.md b/lev/09/12.md index 395ae87f3d..df16553f37 100644 --- a/lev/09/12.md +++ b/lev/09/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# his sons gave him the blood -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +It is implied that the sons caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# inner parts -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +**the inner parts** - This is the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/15.md b/lev/09/15.md index 61c7a8d269..c7ae9719b7 100644 --- a/lev/09/15.md +++ b/lev/09/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the first goat -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "first" is the ordinal number for one. AT: "the goat for his own offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# along with the morning's burnt offering -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This refers to the first sacrifice of each day. The priests would offer this burnt sacrifice in the morning before any other sacrifice. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/18.md b/lev/09/18.md index 44383c842c..c8c8d544f6 100644 --- a/lev/09/18.md +++ b/lev/09/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He killed -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"Aaron killed" -## translationNotes +# Aaron's sons gave him the blood -* **He killed** - "Aaron killed" -* **kidneys...liver** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:03]]. +It is implied that the blood was in a bowl. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# inner parts + +This is the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). + +# kidneys ... liver + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/20.md b/lev/09/20.md index 0a81377b2e..01c1884dcb 100644 --- a/lev/09/20.md +++ b/lev/09/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They took the parts -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Aaron's sons took the parts" -## translationNotes +# put these -* **they put these** - "Aaron's sons put these." The word "these" refers to the fat and inner parts listed previously. -* **the breasts and the right thigh** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:lev:07:31]]. -* **before Yahweh** - "to Yahweh" +The word "these" refers to the fat and inner parts listed previously. + +# the breasts + +This is front part of the animal's body below the neck. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:30](../07/28.md). + +# right thigh + +This is the upper part of the leg above the knee. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:32](../07/31.md). + +# before Yahweh + +"to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/22.md b/lev/09/22.md index 121c6d3500..42f65caca9 100644 --- a/lev/09/22.md +++ b/lev/09/22.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# then he came down -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peaceoffering]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The phrase "came down" is used because the place of the altar was higher than where the people were standing. -## translationNotes +# the glory of Yahweh appeared to all the people -* **the glory of Yahweh appeared to all the people** - "all the people saw Yahweh's glory" -* **lay facedown** - "lay with their faces to the ground." This is a sign respect and honor. +Here "glory" represents Yahweh's presence. AT: "Yahweh showed all the people the glory of his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Fire came out from Yahweh and consumed + +"Yahweh sent a fire that consumed" + +# consumed the burnt offering + +The fire completely burning up the offering is spoken of as if the fire consumed or used up the burnt offering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lay facedown + +"lay with their faces to the ground." This is a sign respect and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/intro.md b/lev/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3a659ab69 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Leviticus 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Aaron begins to function as the high priest in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Following Yahweh's instructions ##### +Great care is taken to show that Aaron perfectly followed Yahweh's instructions. Moses records every detail to show how Aaron correctly followed Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Fire came out from Yahweh" ##### +Aaron did not create the fire that consumed his sacrifice. Instead, Yahweh miraculously began the fire which consumed the sacrifice. This showed that the sacrifice was acceptable to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/01.md b/lev/10/01.md index 4882a3251a..cf5405afbb 100644 --- a/lev/10/01.md +++ b/lev/10/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Nadab and Abihu -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +These are the names of Aaron's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# censer -* **Nadab and Abihu** - These are the names of Aaron's sons. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **censer** - a container for fire and incense which priests used -* **offered unapproved fire** - "offered fire that was not according to Yahweh's instructions" or "offered fire that Yahweh did not approve" +a shallow metal container which priests used to carry hot coals or incense + +# put fire in it + +"put burning coals in it" + +# Then they offered unapproved fire before Yahweh, which he had not commanded them to offer + +"But Yahweh did not approve of their offering because it was not according to what he commanded them to offer" + +# unapproved fire before Yahweh + +"unapproved fire to Yahweh" + +# So fire came out from before Yahweh + +"So Yahweh sent a fire" + +# came out from before Yahweh + +"came out from Yahweh" + +# devoured them + +The fire completely burning the men up is spoken of as if the fire devoured or completely used them up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they died before Yahweh + +"they died in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/03.md b/lev/10/03.md index 8cfb749ec7..a56c500c31 100644 --- a/lev/10/03.md +++ b/lev/10/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# This is what Yahweh was talking about when he said, 'I will reveal my holiness ... before all the people.' -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glorify]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "This is what Yahweh was talking about when he said that he would reveal his holiness ... who come near him, and that he will be glorified ... people." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# I will reveal my holiness to those who come near me -* **I will be glorified before all the people** - AT: "All the people will glorify me" or "I will glorify myself in front of all the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Mishael…Elzaphan…Uzziel** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The phrase "those who come near me" refers to the priests that serve Yahweh. "I will show those that come near to serve me that I am holy" or "Those who come near to serve me must treat me as holy" + +# I will be glorified before all the people + +This second part of Yahweh's statement still concerns the priest, who are the ones who come near to Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. AT: "They must glorify me before all the people" or "They must honor me in the presence of all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Mishael ... Elzaphan ... Uzziel + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your brothers + +This does not mean they were literal brothers. Here "brothers" means relatives or cousins. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/05.md b/lev/10/05.md index 205ba9525d..f66de613ec 100644 --- a/lev/10/05.md +++ b/lev/10/05.md @@ -1,34 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# So they came near -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] -* [[en:tw:tunic|tunic]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"So Mishael and Elzaphan came near" -## translationNotes +# carried them, still wearing their priestly tunics -* **So they came near** - "So Mishael and Elzaphan came near" -* **Eleazar…Ithamar** - These are the names of Aaron's sons. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Do not let your hair hang loosely, and do not tear your clothes** - God is telling Aaron and his sons not to show any outward signs of grief or mourning. -* **so that you may not die** - "So that you will not die" -* **not be angry with all the assembly** - "Assembly" here means the whole congregation of Israel, not just a group of leaders." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for those whom the fire of Yahweh has set ablaze** - "for those whom Yahweh killed with his fire" +carried the bodies of Nadab and Abihu, which still had on the priestly tunics + +# Eleazar ... Ithamar + +These are the names of Aaron's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Do not let your hair on your heads hang loosely, and do not tear your clothes + +Yahweh is telling Aaron and his sons not to show any outward signs of grief or mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# so that you may not die + +"so that you will not die" + +# not be angry with all the assembly + +Here "assembly" means the whole congregation of Israel, not just a group of leaders. AT: "not be angry with all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the entire house of Israel + +Here "house" represents the people. AT: "all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for those whom the fire of Yahweh has set ablaze + +"for those whom Yahweh killed with his fire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/08.md b/lev/10/08.md index 14a91098bb..2c3a00a706 100644 --- a/lev/10/08.md +++ b/lev/10/08.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# This will be -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink|strong drink]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "This" refers back to the command for the priests to not drink wine or strong drink when they enter the tent of meeting. -## translationNotes +# a permanent statute throughout your people's generations -* **a permanent statute throughout your people's generations** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:15]]. +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). + +# to distinguish + +You can start a new sentence here. "You must do this so that you will be able to distinguish" + +# between the holy and the common + +The nominal adjectives "the holy" and "the common" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "between what is holy and what is common" or "between what is dedicated to God and what is ordinary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# between the unclean and the clean + +The nominal adjectives "the unclean" and "the clean" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "between what is unclean and what is clean" or "between what God will not accept and what he will accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the unclean + +A person or thing that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch is spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the clean + +A person or thing that Yahweh has stated is fit to touch is spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/12.md b/lev/10/12.md index 5bb4a3ca90..7638282917 100644 --- a/lev/10/12.md +++ b/lev/10/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the offerings to Yahweh made by fire -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast, leaven]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# for it is most holy -* **the offerings to Yahweh made by fire** - AT: "the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **this is what I have been commanded to tell you** - AT: "this is what Yahweh commanded me to tell you" +"for the grain offering is most holy" + +# this is what I have been commanded to tell you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "this is what Yahweh commanded me to tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/14.md b/lev/10/14.md index f273537e1c..9a0c61900a 100644 --- a/lev/10/14.md +++ b/lev/10/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The breast that is waved and the thigh that is presented to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The breast and thigh that a person waved and presented to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the breast -* **The breast that is raised as an offering and the thigh that is presented to Yahweh** - AT: "The breast and thigh that a person raised and presented to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for they are given as your share** - AT: "for Yahweh has given them as your share" -* **you and your sons and daughters** - Here "you" refers to Aaron. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **they must bring those together** - "those giving the offering must bring the thigh and breast together" -* **They will be yours and your sons' with you as a share forever** - "This portion will always be for you and your sons" +the front part of the animal's body below the neck + +# the thigh + +the upper part of the leg above the knee + +# in a clean place + +A place that is fit to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for they are given as your share + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "for Yahweh has given them as your share" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You and your sons and daughters + +Here "You" refers to Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# They will be yours and your sons' with you as a share forever + +Translate this so it is understood that the portion belongs to Aaron and his sons. AT: "This portion will always be for you and your sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/16.md b/lev/10/16.md index 2cee346f77..f237cab1f3 100644 --- a/lev/10/16.md +++ b/lev/10/16.md @@ -1,30 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# it was burned up -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the priests had burned it all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Eleazar and Ithamar -* **It was burned up** - AT: "the priests had burned it all" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Eleazar and Ithamar** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:lev:10:05]]. -* **since it is most holy** - "since the sin offering is most holy" -* **before Him** - "in his presence" -* **its blood was not brought** - AT: "you did not bring its blood" +See how you translated these names in [Leviticus 10:6](./05.md). + +# Why have you not eaten ... before him? + +Moses uses a question to rebuke Eleazar and Ithamar. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should have eaten ... before him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# since it is most holy + +"since the sin offering is most holy" + +# to take away the iniquity of the assembly + +Causing Yahweh to forgive the people of Israel is spoken of as if iniquity were an object that Yahweh takes from the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before him + +"in his presence" + +# its blood was not brought + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you did not bring its blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/19.md b/lev/10/19.md index 342465b732..c35d1565a5 100644 --- a/lev/10/19.md +++ b/lev/10/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# this thing has happened -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Aaron is referring to the death of his two sons. -## translationNotes +# would it have been pleasing in the sight of Yahweh? -* **this thing has happened** - Aaron is referring to the death of his two sons. -* **Would it have been pleasing in the sight of Yahweh?** - These sacrifices were to be eaten with joy and happiness. Aaron uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh would not be pleased for him to eat the sacrifices since he is sad because of his sons' deaths. AT: "Certainly, Yahweh would not have been pleased." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These sacrifices were to be eaten with joy and happiness. Aaron uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh would not be pleased for him to eat the sacrifices since he is sad because of his sons' deaths. This question may be translated as a statement. AT: "certainly, Yahweh would not have been pleased." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/intro.md b/lev/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a946703722 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Leviticus 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:3, which is the poetic part of the quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mourning ##### + +Aaron was told that he and his remaining sons should not mourn Aaron's sons who were killed. As priests, they must put priestly work first, before their mourning and personal problems. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Unapproved fire" ##### +The phrase "unapproved fire " indicates that Aaron's son offered an unacceptable sacrifice. Because of Yahweh's holiness, this was a serious sin. They may have offered a sacrifice at the wrong time or in the wrong way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/01.md b/lev/11/01.md index 781736aec3..6d67b959c0 100644 --- a/lev/11/01.md +++ b/lev/11/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# among all the animals -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **among all the animals** - "out of all the animals" +"out of all the animals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/03.md b/lev/11/03.md index 5941785590..91e70b40b0 100644 --- a/lev/11/03.md +++ b/lev/11/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:camel|camel]] -* [[en:tw:hooves]] -* [[en:tw:hooves|hoof, hoofed, hooves]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -## translationNotes +# split hoof -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **split hoof** - This means a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. -* **chews the cud** - This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. +This means a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. + +# chews the cud + +This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. + +# some animals either chew the cud or have a split hoof + +That is, they have one or the other, but not both. + +# the camel is unclean for you + +The camel being unfit for the people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/05.md b/lev/11/05.md index 92b40c7cc6..a2df1e4927 100644 --- a/lev/11/05.md +++ b/lev/11/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hooves]] -* [[en:tw:pig]] -* [[en:tw:pig|pig, hog]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -## translationNotes +# rock badger -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **rock badger** - a small animal that lives in rocky places (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **rabbit** - a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground -* **nor touch their carcasses** - "nor handle their dead bodies" +a small animal that lives in rocky places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# unclean for you + +These animals which God declared to be unfit for the people to eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rabbit + +a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground + +# nor touch their carcasses + +"nor touch their dead bodies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/09.md b/lev/11/09.md index e620cfb2c6..95c9f2be37 100644 --- a/lev/11/09.md +++ b/lev/11/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -## translationNotes +# fins -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **fins** - the thin, flat part which the fish uses to move through the water -* **scales** - the small plates that cover the body of the fish -* **they must be detested by you** - AT: "you must detest them" or "you must hate them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +the thin, flat part that the fish uses to move through the water + +# scales + +the small plates that cover the body of the fish + +# all living creatures that do not have fins and scales in the ocean or rivers + +"all creatures that live in the ocean or rivers that do not have fins and scales" + +# they must be detested by you + +Yahweh commands the people to reject and despise eating these creatures. This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must detest them" or "you must completely reject them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/11.md b/lev/11/11.md index 32ef411f60..d74703ca66 100644 --- a/lev/11/11.md +++ b/lev/11/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:water]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -## translationNotes +# Since they must be detested -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **Since they must be detested** - AT: "Since you must detest them" or "Since you must hate them" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **their carcasses must be detested** - AT: "you must detest their dead bodies" +"detest"is to reject and despise an object. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Since you must detest them" or "Since you must completely reject them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their carcasses must be detested + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must detest their dead bodies" or "you must not touch their dead bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whatever has no fins or scales in the water + +"Whatever is in the water that does not have fins or scales" + +# must be detested by you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must detest" or "you must completely reject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/13.md b/lev/11/13.md index 420a72f27d..dbc4100cda 100644 --- a/lev/11/13.md +++ b/lev/11/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:eagle|eagle]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -## translationNotes +# vulture ... kite ... falcon ... raven ... horned owl ... screech owl ... seagull ... hawk -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **vulture...kite...falcon...raven...screech owl...horned owl...seagull...hawk** - These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/17.md b/lev/11/17.md index 2fabe22ba4..dbdfd50ad0 100644 --- a/lev/11/17.md +++ b/lev/11/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -## translationNotes +# little owl ... great owl ... the cormorant ... white owl ... barn owl ... osprey ... hoopoe -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **little owl...great owl...the cormorant...white owl...barn owl...osprey...hoopoe** - These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **stork...heron** - These are birds that feed on rodents and lizards. -* **bat** - animal with wings and furry body which is awake mainly at night and eats insects and rodents +These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the great owl + +"the large owl" + +# stork ... heron + +These are birds that feed on rodents and lizards. + +# bat + +Although not a bird, the bat is included in this list because it has wings and flies. It has a furry body and is awake mainly at night. It eats insects and rodents. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/20.md b/lev/11/20.md index 2db1b2ec57..b356f57a2e 100644 --- a/lev/11/20.md +++ b/lev/11/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -## translationNotes +# All winged insects that walk on four legs are detestable to you -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **must be detested by you** - AT: "you must detest" (UDB) or "you must hate" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **locusts...katydids...crickets...grasshoppers** - These are small insects that eat plants and can jump high. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +The word "detestable" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "You will detest all winged insects that walk on four legs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# insects that walk on four legs + +Here the phrase "four legs" is an idiom that means to crawl on the ground and sets these insects apart from other flying things, such as birds, that have only two feet. AT: "insects that crawl on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# locust, katydid, cricket, or grasshopper + +These are small insects that eat plants and can jump. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# flying insects that have four feet + +"flying insects that have four legs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/24.md b/lev/11/24.md index 143bb1903e..489af079b1 100644 --- a/lev/11/24.md +++ b/lev/11/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh begins to tell Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -## translationNotes +# You will become unclean until evening by these animals if you touch a carcass of one of them -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **You will become unclean until evening by these animals if you touch a carcass of one of them** - AT: "You will be unclean until sunset if you touch the dead body of one of these animals" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **these animals** - This refers to the animals he is about to list in the following verses. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The dead bodies of these animals will make you unclean if you touch any of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will become unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# these animals + +This refers to the animals he is about to list in the following verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/26.md b/lev/11/26.md index 6624fd6e19..4dfe6cdae3 100644 --- a/lev/11/26.md +++ b/lev/11/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hooves]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -## translationNotes +# Every animal ... is unclean for you -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **split hoof...chew the cud** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:lev:11:03]]. -* **paws** - an animal foot with claws -* **until evening** - "until sunset" +These animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to eat are spoken of as if they were physically dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# split hoof + +This means a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. See how you translated these in [Leviticus 11:3](./03.md). + +# chew the cud + +This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. See how you translated these in [Leviticus 11:3](./03.md). + +# Everyone who touches them will be unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes because he has touched one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# paws + +animal feet with claws + +# until the evening + +"until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/29.md b/lev/11/29.md index b10cdce64d..17c5aad5cb 100644 --- a/lev/11/29.md +++ b/lev/11/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -## translationNotes +# these are the animals that will be unclean for you -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **weasels** - a small animal with brown fur that eats birds and small animals (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **large lizard, the gecko, the monitor lizard, the lizard, the skink, and the chameleon** - These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **skink** - "sand lizard" +These animals that God declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# weasel + +a small animal with brown fur that eats birds and small animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# large lizard, the gecko, the monitor lizard, the lizard, the skink, and the chameleon + +These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# skink + +"sand lizard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/31.md b/lev/11/31.md index 52e4df1d14..9f86dde2e4 100644 --- a/lev/11/31.md +++ b/lev/11/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -## translationNotes +# these are the animals which will be unclean for you -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **until evening** - "until sunset" -* **and whatever it is used for, it must be put into water** - AT: "and however you use it, you must put it into water" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These animals that God declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whoever touches them ... will be unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening + +"until sunset" + +# that thing will be unclean + +Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch because one of these dead animals has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. It is spoken of as physically clean after it has been washed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then it will be clean + +Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch after it has been washed is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whatever it is used for, it must be put into water + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "however you use it, you must put it into water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/34.md b/lev/11/34.md index 2ef979f403..94ac52b1c6 100644 --- a/lev/11/34.md +++ b/lev/11/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# All food which is clean -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Food that God has declared acceptable for the people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# and permitted to be eaten -* **permitted to be eaten ** - AT: "that you may eat" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **may be drunk** - AT: "you may drink" -* **of the carcass** - "of the dead body" -* **it must be broken** - AT: "you must break it" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that you may eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will then be unclean + +Food becomes unacceptable for the people to eat because unclean water has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may be drunk + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you may drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# of the carcass + +"of the dead body" + +# It must be broken to pieces + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must break it to pieces" or "You must shatter it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/36.md b/lev/11/36.md index b4a8e583ce..31b11e6166 100644 --- a/lev/11/36.md +++ b/lev/11/36.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:seed|seed]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -## translationNotes +# A spring or cistern ... will stay clean -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **cistern where drinking water is collected** - AT: "a well where water collects" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **But if water is put on the seeds** - AT: "But if you put water on the seeds" +Water that the people are permitted to drink from a spring or cistern is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cistern where drinking water is collected + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a cistern that collects drinking water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the carcass of an unclean animal + +The dead body of an animal that God has declared to be unfit for the people to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will be unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes because he has touched the carcass of one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seeds for planting + +"seeds that you intend to plant" + +# those seeds will still be clean ... they will be unclean + +Seeds that God has declared to be acceptable for the people to plant are spoken of as if they are physically clean, and those which are unacceptable are spoken of as if they were unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But if water is put on the seeds + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "But if you put water on the seeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/39.md b/lev/11/39.md index 3a6718c692..5da7b0fe4d 100644 --- a/lev/11/39.md +++ b/lev/11/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he who touches the carcass will be unclean until evening -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes because he touches the body of a dead animal is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# until evening -* **the carcass** - "the dead body" -* **until evening** - "until sunset" +"until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/41.md b/lev/11/41.md index 20fd603ffb..bdec54bfa0 100644 --- a/lev/11/41.md +++ b/lev/11/41.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -## translationNotes +# is to be detested -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **is to be detested** - AT: "you must detest it" or "you must hate it" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it must not be eaten** - AT: "you must not eat it" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must detest" or "you must reject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it must not be eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must not eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they are to be detested + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you are to detest them" or "you must reject them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/43.md b/lev/11/43.md index b8d9a9ce65..d2dd4d138a 100644 --- a/lev/11/43.md +++ b/lev/11/43.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure, purify, purification]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -## translationNotes +# You must not make yourselves unclean ... you should be made impure by them -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **You must not make yourselves unclean...you should be made impure by them** - In 11:43 Yahweh says the same thing in three different ways for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **that you should be made impure by them** - AT: "that they should make you impure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh repeats the same idea twice in order to strengthen the command that they are not to eat any unclean animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You must not make yourselves unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that you should be made impure by them + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "so that you are no longer pure because of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/46.md b/lev/11/46.md index 3f7b1799bc..f9a322aabf 100644 --- a/lev/11/46.md +++ b/lev/11/46.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh finishes telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -## translationNotes +# for which a distinction is to be made between -* Yahweh finishes telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. -* **for which a distinction is to be made between** - AT: "for which you must distinguish between" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that may be eaten...that may not be eaten** - AT: "that you may eat...that you may not eat" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "for which you must distinguish between" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# between the unclean and the clean + +Animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean, and those which he declared to be acceptable for the people to touch and eat are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that may be eaten ... that may not be eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that you may eat ... that you may not eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/intro.md b/lev/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..967381fb03 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Laws about food ##### + +This chapter contains a list of the animals the Israelites were not allowed to eat. Further research may be needed to determine the exact location of different parts of an animal. Many of these foods are not consumed to this day because they cause diseases, but it is unclear why the other foods are prohibited. + +=##### Special concepts in this chapter ##### +Eating unclean foods made a person unclean. The process of consuming these types of foods spread the uncleanliness to a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/12/01.md b/lev/12/01.md index 970f758c3c..eaf779e888 100644 --- a/lev/12/01.md +++ b/lev/12/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# she will be unclean -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise|circumcise, circumcision]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# during the days of her monthly period -* **during the days of her monthly period** - This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **the flesh of a baby boy's foreskin must be circumcised** - AT: "a priest must circumcise the baby boy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the flesh of a baby boy's foreskin must be circumcised + +Only the priest could perform this action. This can be translated in active form. AT: "a priest must circumcise the baby boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/12/04.md b/lev/12/04.md index e0c291c19d..e96ea32749 100644 --- a/lev/12/04.md +++ b/lev/12/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the mother's purification from her bleeding will continue for thirty-three days -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure, purify, purification]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +This means that the mother will remain impure for thirty-three days. -## translationNotes +# thirty-three days -* **thirty-three days** - three days** - "33 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **for two weeks** - "for 14 days" -* **period** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:12:01]]. -* **sixty-six days** - six days** - "66 days" +"33 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# she will be unclean for two weeks + +A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for two weeks + +"for 14 days" + +# during her period + +This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 12:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# sixty-six days + +"66 days" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/12/06.md b/lev/12/06.md index d7d4c5ac4c..8b854f1c5e 100644 --- a/lev/12/06.md +++ b/lev/12/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# When the days of her purification are finished -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +"When the days of the mother's purification are finished" -## translationNotes +# for a son or for a daughter -* **of her purification** - "of the mother's purification -* **for a son or for a daughter** - This refers to the different number of days for purification based on if she gave birth to a son or daughter. +This refers to the different number of days for purification based on if she gave birth to a son or daughter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/12/07.md b/lev/12/07.md index 9763c43118..0e6430e125 100644 --- a/lev/12/07.md +++ b/lev/12/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# she will be cleansed from the flow of her blood -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "this will cleanse her from her bleeding occurring during childbirth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# If she is not able to afford a lamb -* **and she will be cleansed from the flow of her blood** - AT: and this will cleanse her from her bleeding which occurred during childbirth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **If she is not able to afford a lamb** - "If she does not have enough money to buy a lamb" +Translate this so it clarifies the woman's inability to purchase a sacrificial animal. AT: "If she does not have enough money to buy a lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# then she will be clean + +A woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/12/intro.md b/lev/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b2adcd97ab --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Leviticus 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Menstruation ##### +A woman was considered to be unclean after she began her monthly period and after having a baby. This was because all blood was considered to be unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/01.md b/lev/13/01.md index 1f29d251fd..add97a51b6 100644 --- a/lev/13/01.md +++ b/lev/13/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# then he must be brought -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest|high priest]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then someone must bring him" or "then he must go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to one of his sons -* **then he must be brought** - AT: "then someone must bring him" (UDB) or "then he must go" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"to one of Aaron's sons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/03.md b/lev/13/03.md index 73af32b5f3..cd96ac2605 100644 --- a/lev/13/03.md +++ b/lev/13/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# skin of his body -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do. -* **skin of his body** - Here "his" refers to the person with the skin disease. -* **infectious disease** - a sickness that can spread easily from one person to another +Here "his" refers to the person with the skin disease. + +# infectious disease + +a sickness that can spread easily from one person to another + +# he must pronounce him unclean + +"the priest must pronounce the man unclean." The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for seven days + +"for 7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/05.md b/lev/13/05.md index 94e96cedc1..f2396b7163 100644 --- a/lev/13/05.md +++ b/lev/13/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the priest must examine him -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Here "him" refers to the person with the skin disease. -## translationNotes +# if it has not spread in the skin -* **the priest must examine him** - Here "him" refers to the person with the skin disease. -* **if it has not spread in the skin** - This means if the skin disease has not increased in size or moved to other parts of the body. -* **rash** - This is an area of the skin that is irritated, but it will not spread to other people. +This means if the skin disease has not increased in size or moved to other parts of the body. + +# seventh day + +"Seventh" is the ordinal number for 7. AT: "7th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# seven days + +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the priest will pronounce him clean ... he is clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rash + +This is an area of the skin that is irritated, but the rash will not spread to other people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/07.md b/lev/13/07.md index 838635e630..b485acc697 100644 --- a/lev/13/07.md +++ b/lev/13/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he ... himself -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +This refers to the person with the skin disease. -## translationNotes +# the priest must pronounce him unclean -* **he...himself** - This refers to the person with the skin disease. -* **infectious disease** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:03]]. +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# infectious disease + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/09.md b/lev/13/09.md index deb5e498fe..ff91f27664 100644 --- a/lev/13/09.md +++ b/lev/13/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he must be brought to the priest -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +The priests determined if a disease was spreading. This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone must bring him to the priest" or "he must go to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# if there is raw flesh in the swelling -* **he must be brought to the priest** - AT: "someone must bring him to the priest" (ULB) or "he must go to the priest" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **if there is raw flesh in the swelling** - Here "raw flesh" could refer to open sores on the skin. Or it could refer to new skin that has grown but the area around it is still diseased. Either way it indicates that the skin disease is not healing properly. -* **chronic skin disease** - This is a disease that continues or reoccurs for a long time. +Here "raw flesh" could refer to open sores on the skin or it could refer to new skin that has grown, but the area around it is still diseased. Either one indicates that the skin disease is not healing properly. + +# chronic skin disease + +This is a disease that continues or reoccurs over a long period of time. + +# the priest must pronounce him unclean ... he is already unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/12.md b/lev/13/12.md index ca9c4dfec1..38dcdd7c60 100644 --- a/lev/13/12.md +++ b/lev/13/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# the priest must pronounce the person ... clean ... he will be unclean -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean and the man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/15.md b/lev/13/15.md index a0c8fb7e25..4caddc95a0 100644 --- a/lev/13/15.md +++ b/lev/13/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The priest must ... pronounce him unclean because the raw flesh is unclean -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# pronounce him unclean -* **raw flesh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:09]]. -* **pronounce him unclean** - Here "him" refers to the person with the skin disease. -* **infectious disease** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:03]]. +Here "him" refers to the person with the skin disease. + +# raw flesh + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:10](./09.md). + +# infectious disease + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). + +# the priest will pronounce that person to be clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/18.md b/lev/13/18.md index 1f918f16b4..d66c05e3b5 100644 --- a/lev/13/18.md +++ b/lev/13/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# a boil -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -* **a boil** - "an ulcer." This is a painful, swollen area on the skin. -* **then it must be shown to the priest** - AT: "then he must show it to the priest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +a painful area on the skin that is infected + +# then it must be shown to the priest + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "then he must show it to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the priest must pronounce him unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/21.md b/lev/13/21.md index 26c412de33..30cec56874 100644 --- a/lev/13/21.md +++ b/lev/13/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# examines it -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -* **examines it** - Here "it" refers to the white swelling or bright spot on the skin. +Here "it" refers to the white swelling or bright spot on the skin. + +# the priest must pronounce him unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the priest must pronounce him clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/24.md b/lev/13/24.md index c97b1f4095..f37f90dad3 100644 --- a/lev/13/24.md +++ b/lev/13/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# infectious disease -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -* **infectious disease** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:03]]. +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). + +# the priest must pronounce him unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/26.md b/lev/13/26.md index 5dc719f689..b42b6764e2 100644 --- a/lev/13/26.md +++ b/lev/13/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# examines it -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -* **examines it** - Here "it" refers to the burn on the person's skin. -* **infectious disease** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:03]]. +Here "it" refers to the burn on the person's skin. + +# the priest must pronounce him unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# infectious disease + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). + +# the priest must pronounce him clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/29.md b/lev/13/29.md index e698a8b586..63d43029a5 100644 --- a/lev/13/29.md +++ b/lev/13/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# the priest must pronounce him unclean -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/31.md b/lev/13/31.md index 4807d3003d..11753b5321 100644 --- a/lev/13/31.md +++ b/lev/13/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:priest]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/32.md b/lev/13/32.md index 3247786845..9db9818724 100644 --- a/lev/13/32.md +++ b/lev/13/32.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# then he must be shaved, but the diseased area must not be shaved -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -* **then he must be shaved, but the diseased area must not be shaved** - AT: "the person must shave the hair near the sore but not the hair on the sore" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person must shave the hair near the sore but not the hair on the sore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/34.md b/lev/13/34.md index da6398e4e4..72c341ff8e 100644 --- a/lev/13/34.md +++ b/lev/13/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease." -## translationNotes +# the disease -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -* **the disease** - This refers to the disease on the person's head or chin. -* **then the priest will pronounce him clean** - Here "him" refers to the person with the disease. +Here "the disease" refers to the disease on the person's head or chin. + +# the priest must pronounce him clean ... he will be clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/35.md b/lev/13/35.md index ec35650d39..ee3efefd56 100644 --- a/lev/13/35.md +++ b/lev/13/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# after the priest said he was clean ... He is clean, and the priest must pronounce him clean -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The person is unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/38.md b/lev/13/38.md index 1af2901167..f7bd51e03c 100644 --- a/lev/13/38.md +++ b/lev/13/38.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# a dull white -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -* **a dull white** - "a dark white" -* **rash** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:05]]. +"a faded white" + +# rash + +See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 13:6](./05.md). + +# He is clean + +Here "He" refers to both men and women in general. AT: "That person is clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# He is clean + +The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/40.md b/lev/13/40.md index 690aa7e839..e6befeab6f 100644 --- a/lev/13/40.md +++ b/lev/13/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# he is clean -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. +The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/42.md b/lev/13/42.md index c97b1f4095..784b50c568 100644 --- a/lev/13/42.md +++ b/lev/13/42.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# infectious disease -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -* **infectious disease** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:03]]. +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). + +# he is unclean ... pronounce him unclean + +The person whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/45.md b/lev/13/45.md index 15c4414f0f..85429c1543 100644 --- a/lev/13/45.md +++ b/lev/13/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# outside the camp -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -* **outside the camp** - The camp is the area where the majority of Israelites lived. The unclean person was not permitted to live among them because his disease may spread to others. -* +The camp is the area where the majority of Israelites lived. The unclean person was not permitted to live among them because his disease may spread to others. + +# Unclean, unclean + +The person whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/47.md b/lev/13/47.md index a22eff7bbe..caa2bf6b74 100644 --- a/lev/13/47.md +++ b/lev/13/47.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# A garment that is contaminated with mildew -* [[en:tw:priest]] +"A garment that has mildew on it" or "A garment that mildews" -## translationNotes +# contaminated -* **mildew** - a white substance that grows on things that are damp from water -* **or anything woven or knitted** - AT: "or anything that someone wove or knit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **anything made with leather** - AT: "anything that someone made from leather" +to become impure because something harmful has been added to it + +# mildew + +a fungus, often white in color, that grows on things that are damp or moist + +# or anything woven or knitted + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "or anything that someone has woven or knitted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if there is a greenish or reddish contamination in the garment + +"if there is greenish or reddish mildew in the garment" + +# anything made with leather + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "anything that someone made from leather" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it must be shown to the priest + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the owner must show it to a priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/50.md b/lev/13/50.md index 9a187e7f4a..2fe924449a 100644 --- a/lev/13/50.md +++ b/lev/13/50.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# seven days -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# seventh day -* **anything in which leather is used** - AT: "anything in which a person uses the leather" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **anything in which the harmful mildew is found** - AT: "anything on which the priest found the harmful mildew" -* **it can lead to disease** - The harmful mildew could cause disease in a person who comes in contact with the item. -* **the item must be completely burned up** - AT: "He must burn the item" +"Seventh" is the ordinal number for 7. AT: "7th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# anything in which leather is used + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "anything in which a person uses leather" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# anything in which the harmful mildew is found + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "anything on which he found the harmful mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the item is unclean + +Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it can lead to disease + +The harmful mildew could cause disease in a person who comes in contact with the item. + +# The item must be completely burned up + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "He must burn the item completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/53.md b/lev/13/53.md index 7e0cb53c02..9a2d6d9326 100644 --- a/lev/13/53.md +++ b/lev/13/53.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# then he will command them -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +"then the priest will command the owners" Here the priest is telling the people what to do with household items that were possibly infected. -## translationNotes +# in which the mildew was found -* **then he will command them** - "then the priest will command the owners" -* **in which the mildew was found** - AT: "in which the priest found the mildew" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **after the mildewed item was washed** - AT: "after they washed the mildewed item" -* **You must burn the item ** - Here "you" does not mean Moses or Aaron specifically. It just means someone must burn the object. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "in which they found the mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# after the mildewed item was washed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "after they washed the mildewed item" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it is unclean + +Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You must burn the item + +Here "you" does not refer to the priest specifically. It just means someone must burn the object. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/56.md b/lev/13/56.md index 461eb62a90..e06b54755b 100644 --- a/lev/13/56.md +++ b/lev/13/56.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# after it was washed -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "after the owner washed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# You must burn -* **after it was washed** - AT: "after the owner washed it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You must burn** - Here "you" does not mean Moses or Aaron specifically. It just means someone must burn the the item. -* **if you wash the item ** - "if the owner washes it" -* **then the item must be washed** - AT: "then the owner must wash it" +Here "you" does not refer to the priest specifically. It just means someone must burn the item. + +# if you wash the item + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "if the owner washes it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# then the item must be washed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "then the owner must wash it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will be clean + +Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/59.md b/lev/13/59.md index f71719c5db..a93f61f0f9 100644 --- a/lev/13/59.md +++ b/lev/13/59.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# mildew in a garment ... made with leather -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:47-48](./47.md). -## translationNotes +# so that you may pronounce it -* **mildew in a garment...made with leather** - See how you translated many of these words in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:47]]. -* **so that you may pronounce it** - "so that a priest may declare it" +"so that a priest may declare it" + +# clean or unclean + +Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically clean and something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/intro.md b/lev/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa6da1ad6d --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Skin disease ##### + +This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This is also true concerning things growing on clothing or things that touch a person's skin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/01.md b/lev/14/01.md index 1a2d4a3091..32b80b89ef 100644 --- a/lev/14/01.md +++ b/lev/14/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# the day of his cleansing -* Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -* **He must be brought to the priest ** - AT: "Someone must bring him to the priest" or "He must go to the priest" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to the day on which the priest declares the person to be ritually clean. + +# He must be brought to the priest + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone must bring him to the priest" or "He must go to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/03.md b/lev/14/03.md index 4a4053ae01..57bad85380 100644 --- a/lev/14/03.md +++ b/lev/14/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cedar|cedar]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# infectious skin disease -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -* **infectious skin disease** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:03]]. -* **the one to be cleansed** - AT: 'the person he is cleansing" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **clean birds** - This means ritually clean birds that God allowed the people to eat and offer as sacrifices. -* **scarlet yarn** - "red yarn" -* **hyssop** - an herb with a pleasant smell that was used for medicine (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md). + +# the one to be cleansed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# clean birds + +Birds that God allowed the people to eat and offer as sacrifices are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# scarlet yarn + +"red yarn" + +# hyssop + +an herb with a pleasant smell that was used for medicine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/06.md b/lev/14/06.md index 214f83a74e..45d047c3ba 100644 --- a/lev/14/06.md +++ b/lev/14/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# the bird that was killed -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -* **the bird that was killed** - AT: "the bird that the person killed" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the person who is to be cleansed** - AT: "the person he is cleansing" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the bird that the person killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the person who is to be cleansed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the priest will pronounce him to be clean + +The person whom other people may touch and who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/08.md b/lev/14/08.md index a56638970d..ebff01a1c7 100644 --- a/lev/14/08.md +++ b/lev/14/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# The person who is being cleansed -* Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -* **The person being cleansed** - AT: "The person the priest is cleansing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The person whom the priest is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# then he will be clean + +The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/10.md b/lev/14/10.md index bf4a18d5d9..cfb089dedd 100644 --- a/lev/14/10.md +++ b/lev/14/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he must take -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "he" refers to the man who was cleansed. -## translationNotes +# ephah -* **he must take** - Here "he" refers to the man who was cleansed. -* **ephah** - One ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **log** - One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **the person to be cleansed** - AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +One ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# log + +One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# the person who is to be cleansed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/12.md b/lev/14/12.md index 95bd4186cc..71fd109ab0 100644 --- a/lev/14/12.md +++ b/lev/14/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# log -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# in the area of the tabernacle -* **log ** - 0.31 liters (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +This phrase clarifies the previous phrase and further defines where the priest was to kill the lamb. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/14.md b/lev/14/14.md index 1b31e957bc..be6b044f18 100644 --- a/lev/14/14.md +++ b/lev/14/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the person who is to be cleansed -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# log -* **the person who is to be cleansed** - AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **log** - 0.31 liters (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# sprinkle some of the oil ... before Yahweh + +"sprinkle some of the oil ... in Yahweh's presence." There is no indication of what the priest sprinkled the oil on. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/17.md b/lev/14/17.md index 283f842ea7..5ea62b3cab 100644 --- a/lev/14/17.md +++ b/lev/14/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the rest of the oil in his hand -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the rest of the oil that is in his hand" -## translationNotes +# the person to be cleansed -* **the person to be cleansed** - AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person whom he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"in Yahweh's presence" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/19.md b/lev/14/19.md index 630a686128..1e2e280f2f 100644 --- a/lev/14/19.md +++ b/lev/14/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# him who is to be cleansed -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# he will be clean -* **him who is to be cleansed ** - AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/21.md b/lev/14/21.md index f61a92c5b1..fc6f5682f9 100644 --- a/lev/14/21.md +++ b/lev/14/21.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# cannot afford -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -* **cannot afford** - "does not have enough money to buy" -* **to be raised and presented** - AT: "to raise and present the one male lamb" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **one tenth of an ephah** - 22 liters (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **log** - 0.31 liters +"does not have enough money to buy" + +# to be waved ... for himself + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that the priest will wave ... for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one-tenth of an ephah + +One-tenth of an ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# log + +One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/24.md b/lev/14/24.md index dfa4b2de75..7bb5337ce8 100644 --- a/lev/14/24.md +++ b/lev/14/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# log -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# the one who is to be cleansed -* **log** - 0.31 liters (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **the one who is to be cleansed ** - AT: "the one the priest is cleansing" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the one he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/26.md b/lev/14/26.md index 0a2f353081..d503e01a96 100644 --- a/lev/14/26.md +++ b/lev/14/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## translationNotes +# sprinkle ... some of the oil ... before Yahweh -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. +"sprinkle ... some of the oil ... in Yahweh's presence." There is no indication of what the priest sprinkled the oil on. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/28.md b/lev/14/28.md index 7456587b64..9510b38dac 100644 --- a/lev/14/28.md +++ b/lev/14/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who is to be cleansed -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the one who is to be cleansed** - AT: "the one he is cleansing" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the one he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/30.md b/lev/14/30.md index 37ae09e0a6..cf600006e4 100644 --- a/lev/14/30.md +++ b/lev/14/30.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He must offer -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"The priest must offer" -## translationNotes +# the one who is to be cleansed -* **He must offer** - Here "he" refers to the man whom the priest is cleansing. -* **the one who is to be cleansed** - AT: "the one he is cleansing" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **infectious skin disease** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:03]]. -* **who is not able to afford** - "who does not have enough money to buy" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the one he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# infectious skin disease + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md). + +# who is not able to afford + +Translate this so it is clear that the person does not have enough money to purchase a standard offering. AT: "who does not have enough money to buy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/33.md b/lev/14/33.md index a2bb7e9de9..c8b5ced586 100644 --- a/lev/14/33.md +++ b/lev/14/33.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When you have come -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# mildew -* **When you have come** - Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **mildew** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:47]]. +See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 13:47](../13/47.md). + +# in the land of your possession + +The word "possession" can be translated as a verb. AT: "in the land that you possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/36.md b/lev/14/36.md index 1c34c18234..b29d9a2234 100644 --- a/lev/14/36.md +++ b/lev/14/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# so that nothing in the house will be made unclean -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Once the priest declared the house to be unclean, everything in the house became unclean, as well. This can be translated in active form. AT: "so that he does not need to declare anything left in the house to be unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the house will be made unclean -* **nothing in the house will be made unclean** - AT: "he does not need to declare anything left in the house as unclean" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in the depressions in the walls' surface** - This means the priest is to determine whether mildew has gone deeper that just the surface of the wall. +The house that Yahweh has stated is unfit for people to touch or live in is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the depressions in the wall's surface + +This means the priest is to determine whether mildew has gone deeper that just the surface of the walls. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/39.md b/lev/14/39.md index 4ab431466c..7f852ae45f 100644 --- a/lev/14/39.md +++ b/lev/14/39.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in which the mildew has been found -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "in which they found the mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# an unclean place -* **in which the mildew has been found** - AT: "the stones in which they found the mildew" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A place that is unfit for people to occupy or to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/41.md b/lev/14/41.md index 9cbb79e58d..28e75db9b8 100644 --- a/lev/14/41.md +++ b/lev/14/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He will require -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Here "He" refers to the priest. -## translationNotes +# all the inside walls of the house to be scraped -* **He will require** - Here "he" refers to the priest. -* **all the inside walls of the house to be scraped** - AT: "that the owner scrapes all the inside walls" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the contaminated material that is scraped off** - "the material with mildew on it" -* **the stones that were removed** - AT: "the stones that they removed" -* **they must use new clay to plaster the house** - "they must cover the stones with new clay" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that the owner scrapes all the inside walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the contaminated material that is scraped off + +This refers to the material with mildew on it. This can be translated in active form. AT: "the contaminated material that they scraped off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the unclean place + +A place that is unfit for people to occupy or to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the stones that were removed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the stones that they removed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they must use new clay to plaster the house + +"they must cover the stones with new clay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/43.md b/lev/14/43.md index 35df19ba1d..257d6d0397 100644 --- a/lev/14/43.md +++ b/lev/14/43.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in the house ... then replastered -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "in the house after the owner takes away the stones, scrapes the walls, and covers the new stones with clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the house is unclean -* **the stones have been taken away and the walls have been scraped and then replastered ** - AT: "after the owner takes away the stones, scrapes the walls, and covers the new stones with clay" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A house that is unfit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/45.md b/lev/14/45.md index 0c1b54c3be..8435b91e2d 100644 --- a/lev/14/45.md +++ b/lev/14/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The house must be torn down -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They must tear the house down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The stones, timber, and all the plaster in the house must be carried away -* **The house must be torn down** - AT: "They must tear the house down" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The stones, timber, and all the plaster in the house must be carried away** - AT: "They must carry away the stones, timber, and all the plaster of the house" -* **until evening** - "until sunset" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They must carry away the stones, timber, and all the plaster in the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whoever goes into the house ... will be unclean + +A person whom other people may not touch and who is not acceptable for God's purposes because he has entered the house is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening + +"until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/48.md b/lev/14/48.md index 11b67ff84b..cbfcd641dd 100644 --- a/lev/14/48.md +++ b/lev/14/48.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the house was plastered -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the owner put new clay on the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# he will pronounce the house clean -* **the house was plastered ** - AT: "the owner put new clay on the stones" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A place that is fit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/49.md b/lev/14/49.md index 2a67972d24..68215127b8 100644 --- a/lev/14/49.md +++ b/lev/14/49.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# cedar wood, and scarlet yarn, and hyssop -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cedar|cedar]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 14:4](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# the blood of the killed bird -* **cedar wood, and scarlet yarn, and hyssop** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:lev:14:03]]. -* **the blood of the killed bird** - AT: "The blood of the bird that he killed" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the blood of the bird that he killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/52.md b/lev/14/52.md index 3d9fc50bb0..17f3592bfd 100644 --- a/lev/14/52.md +++ b/lev/14/52.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He will cleanse the house -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] +"The priest will make the house ritually clean" -## translationNotes +# it will be clean -* **He will cleanse the house** - "The priest will make the house ritually clean" +A house that is fit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/54.md b/lev/14/54.md index 7057c8d9f6..36b3ca1a28 100644 --- a/lev/14/54.md +++ b/lev/14/54.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# infectious skin disease -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md). -## translationNotes +# mildew -* **infectious skin disease** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:03]]. -* **mildew** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:47]]. -* **rash** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:13:05]]. +See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 13:47](../13/47.md). + +# rash + +See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 13:6](../13/05.md). + +# unclean or ... clean + +People and items that other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean, and those which people may touch are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/intro.md b/lev/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c3f89ad771 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Leviticus 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Skin disease and mildew ##### + +This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This was also true for the things which could have touched a person's skin. This chapter explains how the priest was to treat the person suffering with a skin disease. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/01.md b/lev/15/01.md index 42a055d6cc..aa126e7abf 100644 --- a/lev/15/01.md +++ b/lev/15/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# comes out of his body -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This refers to the man's private parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# he becomes unclean -* **comes out of his body** - This refers to the male sex organ. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is unclean + +"his body is unclean" or "he is unclean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/04.md b/lev/15/04.md index a62d65ab1c..996a259660 100644 --- a/lev/15/04.md +++ b/lev/15/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# unclean -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +The bed or anything that the man sits on that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Whoever touches his bed ... be unclean -* **until evening** - "until sunset" +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening + +"until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/06.md b/lev/15/06.md index 553540bdc5..f9a39d9a88 100644 --- a/lev/15/06.md +++ b/lev/15/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he will be unclean -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# until evening -* **until evening** - "until sunset" -* **who touches the body** - "who touches any part of the body" +"until sunset" + +# who touches the body + +"who touches any part of the body" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/08.md b/lev/15/08.md index 8c006ef7ca..19f9b91828 100644 --- a/lev/15/08.md +++ b/lev/15/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# someone who is clean -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] +The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he will be unclean -* **saddle ** - a leather seat that a person puts on the back of a horse to make riding easier +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# saddle + +A saddle is a leather seat that a person puts on the back of a horse in order to ride it. + +# Any saddle ... will be unclean + +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/10.md b/lev/15/10.md index e628a92dc8..8e724d93ab 100644 --- a/lev/15/10.md +++ b/lev/15/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do to avoid infection. -## translationNotes +# that person -* Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do to avoid infection. -* **that person** - This refers to the person with the infected fluid. -* **until evening** - "until sunset" -* **Whomever he who has such a flow** - AT: "Whomever the person with the infected flow touches" -* **the person who was touched** - AT: "the person whom he touched" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to the person with the infected fluid. + +# will be unclean + +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening + +"until sunset" + +# Whomever he who has such a flow touches + +"Whomever the person with the infected flow touches" + +# the person who was touched + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person whom he touched" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Any clay pot that the one with such a flow of fluid touches must be broken + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone must break any clay pot that the one with such a flow of fluid touches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every container of wood must be rinsed in water + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone must rinse every wooden container in water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/13.md b/lev/15/13.md index 75a1f64399..e6bae740d1 100644 --- a/lev/15/13.md +++ b/lev/15/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# is cleansed from his flow -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +The man recovering from his sickness is spoken of as if he becomes physically clean. This can be stated in active form. AT: "recovers from his flow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Then he will be clean -* **is cleansed** - "recovers" +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/16.md b/lev/15/16.md index 65784884cd..a049d16499 100644 --- a/lev/15/16.md +++ b/lev/15/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# unclean until evening -* [[en:tw:sex]] +People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# until evening -* **until evening** - "until sunset" -* **must be washed with water** - AT: "someone must wash it with water" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"until sunset" + +# Every garment ... must be washed with water + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone must wash with water every garment or leather on which there is semen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/19.md b/lev/15/19.md index 6116f575e1..a3cd3f2bdb 100644 --- a/lev/15/19.md +++ b/lev/15/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# menstruates ... her period -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Both of these refer to the time when blood flows from a woman's womb. -## translationNotes +# her impurity will continue -* **menstruate...her period** - Both of these refer to the time when blood flows from a woman's womb. -* **her impurity will continue** - "she will be unclean" +"she will continue to be impure" + +# will be unclean + +People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/21.md b/lev/15/21.md index feec85a260..4a7ab88b9b 100644 --- a/lev/15/21.md +++ b/lev/15/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# her bed -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +This refers to the woman who is menstruating. -## translationNotes +# that person will be unclean -* **her bed** - This refers to the woman who is menstruating. -* **until evening** - "until sunset" +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening + +"until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/24.md b/lev/15/24.md index cb408ba02a..7d8b24a979 100644 --- a/lev/15/24.md +++ b/lev/15/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# her impure flow -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"her unclean flow" or "the blood from her womb" -## translationNotes +# will be unclean -* **her impure flow** - "her unclean flow" or "the blood from her womb" +People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/25.md b/lev/15/25.md index 913d611b13..85e226f638 100644 --- a/lev/15/25.md +++ b/lev/15/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# she will be as if she were in the days of her period -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] +This means that if the woman bleeds from her womb at any time other than her regular menstruation time, she is still unclean just like during her menstruation. -## translationNotes +# She is unclean ... Whoever touches ... will be unclean -* **she will be as if she were in the days of her period** - This means that if the woman bleeds from her womb at any time other than her regular menstruation time, she is still unclean just like during her menstruation. +People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# everything on which she sits will be unclean + +Objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/28.md b/lev/15/28.md index 4a18b8425d..4ec1e5bf01 100644 --- a/lev/15/28.md +++ b/lev/15/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But if she -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "she" refers to the woman who is menstruating. -## translationNotes +# is cleansed from her flow of blood -* **But if she** - The word "she" refers to the woman who is menstruating. -* **is cleansed** - "recovers" or "gets well" +The woman recovering from her bleeding is spoken of as if she becomes physically clean. This can be stated in active form. AT: "recovers from her flow of blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she will be clean + +The woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she will take to her + +"she will take for herself" + +# her unclean flow of blood + +"her flow of blood that makes her unclean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/31.md b/lev/15/31.md index 31bbc50550..f5c9e23f22 100644 --- a/lev/15/31.md +++ b/lev/15/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# This is how you must separate the people of Israel from their uncleanness -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] +Yahweh speaks of preventing the people from becoming unclean as if it were keeping the people at a safe distance from uncleanness. The abstract noun "uncleanness" can be stated as "unclean." AT: "This is how you must prevent the people of Israel from becoming unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# their uncleanness -* **This is how you must separate the people of Israel from their uncleanness** - Yahweh has just told Moses and Aaron how an unclean person can become clean and how others can avoid becoming unclean. The people must be clean before they can come worship Yahweh. +People whom other people may not touch and who are not acceptable for God's purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/32.md b/lev/15/32.md index 21ef2a37f2..2f03855af4 100644 --- a/lev/15/32.md +++ b/lev/15/32.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# These are the regulations -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"These are the things that must be done" -## translationNotes +# makes him unclean ... an unclean woman -* **These are the regulation** - "These are the things that must be done" -* **who has a menstrual period** - "who is menstruating" or "who is bleeding from her womb" +People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who has a menstrual period + +"who is menstruating" or "who is bleeding from her womb" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/intro.md b/lev/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..629def1995 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Leviticus 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bodily fluid ##### +This chapter discusses fluids that come out of the body. These fluids caused a person to be unclean because of their potential to cause diseases. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +##### Cleanliness ##### +While these rules about cleanliness are intended to benefit the Israelites and promote their health, they also were about making Israel into a separate and holy nation, different from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/01.md b/lev/16/01.md index fc5e0c2ff6..59e290d84c 100644 --- a/lev/16/01.md +++ b/lev/16/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Aaron's two sons -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees]] -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace|holy place, most holy place]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Aaron's two sons** - This refers to Nadab and Abihu. They died because they brought fire to Yahweh which he did not approve. (See: [[en:bible:notes:lev:10:01]]) +This refers to Nadab and Abihu. They died because they brought fire to Yahweh that he did not approve. (See: [Leviticus 10:1-2](../10/01.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/03.md b/lev/16/03.md index 3c311edec1..8453c33f6a 100644 --- a/lev/16/03.md +++ b/lev/16/03.md @@ -1,30 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So here is how -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] -* [[en:tw:tunic|tunic]] +"This is how" -## translationNotes +# undergarments -* **So here is how** - "This is how" -* **undergarments** - “underwear.” These are clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. -* **sash** - a piece of cloth which ties around the waist or chest -* **turban** - a head covering -* **from the assembly** - "from the congregation" +"underwear." This is clothing worn next to the skin under the outer clothes. + +# sash + +a piece of cloth that ties around the waist or chest + +# turban + +This is a head covering made from wrapped strips of cloth. + +# from the assembly + +"from the congregation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/06.md b/lev/16/06.md index d3244dc7d3..421e934a1d 100644 --- a/lev/16/06.md +++ b/lev/16/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the sin offering, which will be for himself -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Then Aaron must present the bull as a sin offering, which will be for himself, to make atonement for himself and his family** - "Aaron must present the bull as his sin offering to make atonement for himself and his family" +"the sin offering for himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/08.md b/lev/16/08.md index c81baad18d..2a9d49b601 100644 --- a/lev/16/08.md +++ b/lev/16/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the scapegoat -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:lots|lots, casting lots]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +"the goat that is sent away." Aaron was to have someone set the goat free in the wilderness. -## translationNotes +# on which the lot fell -* **scapegoat** - This goat carried the sins of the people. The goat was sent out of the camp which represented God removing the sins from the people. -* **must be brought alive before Yahweh** - AT: "someone must present it alive before Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"which the lot designated" + +# But the goat ... must be brought alive before Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But Aaron must bring the goat ... alive before Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/11.md b/lev/16/11.md index 41b8db6df6..47fd9e1ca1 100644 --- a/lev/16/11.md +++ b/lev/16/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement. -## translationNotes +# he must kill the bull -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement. -* **He must make atonement for himself and his family, so he must kill the bull as a sin offering for himself** - "He must kill the bull as a sin offering to make atonement for himself and his family" -* **he must kill the bull** - Aaron would catch the blood of the bull in a bowl so he could later sprinkle it on the atonement lid. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Aaron would catch the blood of the bull in a bowl so he could later sprinkle it on the atonement lid. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/12.md b/lev/16/12.md index 9e58730db3..822eb98837 100644 --- a/lev/16/12.md +++ b/lev/16/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# censer -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] +a container for fire and incense, used by the priests -## translationNotes +# sweet incense -* **censer** - a container for fire and incense which priests used +"sweet-smelling incense." This refers to the smell and not to the taste of the incense. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/14.md b/lev/16/14.md index fc00dde464..fa76abc9e5 100644 --- a/lev/16/14.md +++ b/lev/16/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the blood of the bull -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] +This is the blood Aaron caught with a bowl in [Leviticus 16:11](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# sprinkle it with his finger -* **the blood of the bull** - This is the blood Aaron caught with a bowl in 16:11. -* **sprinkle it with his finger** - He used his finger to splash the blood. -* **on the front of the atonement lid** - He did put the blood on the top part of the lid. He put it on the side of the lid which faced him as he entered the most holy place. -* **seven times before the atonement lid** - "seven times below the atonement lid onto the chest" +He used his finger to splash the blood. + +# on the front of the atonement lid + +He put the blood on the top part of the lid. He also put it on the side of the lid that was towards him as he entered the most holy place. + +# before the atonement lid + +Possible meanings are 1) "below the atonement lid onto the chest" or 2) "onto the ground in front of the atonement lid." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/15.md b/lev/16/15.md index ba7a8074fe..9061a7806f 100644 --- a/lev/16/15.md +++ b/lev/16/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement. -## translationNotes +# He must sprinkle it on the atonement lid and then before the atonement lid -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement. -* **he must sprinkle it on the atonement lid and then before the atonement lid** - "he must sprinkle it on the side of the atonement lid and then below the atonement lid onto the chest" -* **he must make atonement for the holy place because of the unclean actions of the people** - The sins of the people made the holy place unclean. -* **unclean actions...rebellion...sins** - These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people have committed all kinds of sins. -* **where Yahweh lives among them, in the presence of their unclean actions** - "where Yahweh lives among the people who do sinful things" +Aaron sprinkled the blood in the same manner that he did with the bull's blood. See how you translated the previous instructions in [Leviticus 16:14](./14.md). + +# He must make atonement for the holy place because of the unclean actions of the people of Israel + +The sins of the people of Israel made the holy place unclean. + +# unclean actions ... rebellion ... sins + +These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people have committed all kinds of sins. + +# unclean actions + +Sinful actions which make people unacceptable to Yahweh are spoken of as if they were physically unclean actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the presence of their unclean actions + +The phrase "their unclean actions" represents the people who commit sinful actions. AT: "in the presence of people who commit sinful actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/17.md b/lev/16/17.md index 2ed0399e84..319622e877 100644 --- a/lev/16/17.md +++ b/lev/16/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He must go out to the altar that is before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace|holy place, most holy place]] +This is the altar of sacrifice just inside the courtyard of the tabernacle. -## translationNotes +# make atonement for it -* **he must go out to the altar that is before Yahweh** - This is the altar of sacrifice just inside the courtyard of the tabernacle. -* **and make atonement for it** - Like the holy place and tent of meeting, the altar is unclean because of the sins of the people. -* **horns of the altar** - This refers to the corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:04:06]]. +Like the holy place and tent of meeting, the altar is unclean because of the sins of the people. + +# horns of the altar + +"the projections at the corners of the altar." This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/06.md). + +# to cleanse it + +The altar being fit to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# set it apart to Yahweh, away from the unclean actions of the people of Israel + +The altar being dedicated to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically separated from the sins of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the unclean actions + +Sinful actions which make people unacceptable to Yahweh are spoken of as if they were physically unclean actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/20.md b/lev/16/20.md index ddd97b2563..d8ecb76d49 100644 --- a/lev/16/20.md +++ b/lev/16/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he must present the live goat -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:confess|confess]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace|holy place, most holy place]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +This goat is called the scapegoat in verse [Leviticus 16:10](./08.md). -## translationNotes +# confess over him -* **he must present the live goat** - This is the same as the scapegoat mentioned in 16:10. -* **Aaron must lay both of his hands on the head of the live goat** - This shows that Aaron is placing sins of the people from the past year on the goat who will take them away. -* **wickedness...rebellion...sins** - These all mean basically the same thing. Aaron is confessing every kind of sin that the people committed. -* **the wilderness** - A place where no one could live for long. Many people thought of such a place as belonging to evil spirits. -* **Then he must put that sinfulness on the head of the goat...let the goat go free** - The goat now represents all the sins of the people. By setting it free into the wilderness, it represents God removing the guilt of the people. +"confess over the goat" + +# he must put that sinfulness on the head of the goat + +Aaron's actions here were a symbolic transfer of the people's sin to the goat as a sign that the goat would bear the punishment for their guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# wickedness ... rebellion ... sins + +These all mean basically the same thing. Aaron is confessing every kind of sin that the people committed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/23.md b/lev/16/23.md index e069ae160e..c40de8dcfe 100644 --- a/lev/16/23.md +++ b/lev/16/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# take off the linen garments -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|burnt offering ]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] +These were the special garments Aaron wore only when he entered the most holy place. -## translationNotes +# He must bathe his body in water in a holy place -* **and take off the linen garments** - These were the special garments Aaron wore only when he entered the most holy place. -* **He must bathe his body in water in a holy place** - Here "holy place" does not refer to the tent of meeting. This was a different place set aside for him to bathe himself. -* **put on his normal garments** - These are the clothes that Aaron wore for his ordinary duties. +Here "holy place" does not refer to the tent of meeting. This was a different place set aside for him to bathe himself. + +# put on his normal garments + +These are the clothes that Aaron wore for his ordinary duties. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/25.md b/lev/16/25.md index 4f47877805..4c484b1957 100644 --- a/lev/16/25.md +++ b/lev/16/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He must burn -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +"Aaron must burn" -## translationNotes +# The man who let the scapegoat go free must wash his clothes and bathe his body in water -* **He must burn** - "Aaron must burn" -* **The man who let the scapegoat go free must wash his clothes and bathe his body in water** - The man was unclean because of his contact with the scapegoat which carried the sin of the people. -* **scapegoat** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:16:08]]. +The man was unclean because of his contact with the scapegoat, which carried the sin of the people. + +# scapegoat + +"the goat that is sent away." See how you translated this in [Leviticus 16:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/27.md b/lev/16/27.md index 47030b39e2..1126c08fdb 100644 --- a/lev/16/27.md +++ b/lev/16/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# whose blood was brought -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:dung|dung]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "whose blood Aaron brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# must be carried -* **whose blood was brought** - AT: "whose blood Aaron brought" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **must be carried** - AT: "someone must carry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **their hides** - "their skins." Here "their" refers to the bull and the goat. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone must carry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their hides + +"their skins." Here "their" refers to the bull and the goat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/29.md b/lev/16/29.md index 34448ce2d1..33287ad3cd 100644 --- a/lev/16/29.md +++ b/lev/16/29.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# for you -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:fast|fast]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +The word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month -* **It will always be a statute for you...you must humble yourselves and do no work** - Yahweh repeats this in 16:31 for emphasis. -* **for you** - Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **atonement will be made for you** - AT: "Aaron will make atonement for you" or "Aaron will atone for your sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It is a solemn Sabbath of rest for you** - This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the day of atonement. +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on the western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# atonement will be made for you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Aaron will make atonement for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to cleanse you ... so you will be clean + +People who are acceptable for God's purposes are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is a solemn Sabbath of rest for you + +This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/32.md b/lev/16/32.md index c4c68b811b..39277e1a2d 100644 --- a/lev/16/32.md +++ b/lev/16/32.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who will be anointed and ordained -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the one they will anoint and ordain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# in his father's place -* **the one who will be anointed and consecrated** - AT: "the one they will anoint and set apart" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in his father’s place** - When the high priest died, one of his sons would replace him. -* **the holy garments** - These are the special clothes the high priest must wear when he enters the most holy place. -* **for all the people of the assembly** - for all the people of Israel +When the high priest died, one of his sons would replace him. + +# the holy garments + +These are special clothes the high priest must wear when he enters the most holy place. + +# for all the people of the assembly + +"for all the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/34.md b/lev/16/34.md index dbdc8c3533..4bd39db4be 100644 --- a/lev/16/34.md +++ b/lev/16/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must do on the Day of Atonement. -## translationNotes +# This was done as Yahweh commanded Moses -* Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must do on the Day of Atonement. -* **And it was done as Yahweh commanded Moses** - AT: "And Moses did all that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "And Moses did as Yahweh commanded" or "And Aaron did as Yahweh commanded Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/intro.md b/lev/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a881d85e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Leviticus 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Holiness ##### +Because Yahweh is holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. This could only happen on a specific day, by a specific person, and only after they offered the proper sacrifice to make themselves clean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +##### Day of Atonement ##### +This chapter gives rules for what the high priest had to do on the Day of Atonement. This was the most important day in Judaism. This is when he interceded for the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/01.md b/lev/17/01.md index a6e7c390bb..ca7a57e0ab 100644 --- a/lev/17/01.md +++ b/lev/17/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# before his tabernacle -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:bloodshed]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"before Yahweh's tabernacle" -## translationNotes +# that man must be cut off from among his people -* **ox, lamb, or goat** - These are the main animals the Israelites used for sacrifices. -* **that man is guilty of bloodshed** - "that man will be guilty as if he murdered someone" -* **and that man must be cut off from among his people** - AT: "and you must remove him from Yahweh's people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/19.md). AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/05.md b/lev/17/05.md index fffc65c2f7..dfdcca5f78 100644 --- a/lev/17/05.md +++ b/lev/17/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# to the priest to be sacrificed -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] - -## translationNotes - -* **to the priest to be sacrificed** - AT: "to the priest so he may sacrifice them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **instead of offering sacrifices in an open field** - Yahweh wants to prevent the people from offering sacrifices out in the fields to false gods. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "to the priest so he may sacrifice them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/07.md b/lev/17/07.md index 6d7d472208..da7dedeacb 100644 --- a/lev/17/07.md +++ b/lev/17/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# for which they act as prostitutes -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +The people being unfaithful to Yahweh by worshiping false gods is spoken of as if they were acting like a man who betrays his wife by committing adultery. AT: "for which they are unfaithful to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a permanent statute for them throughout their people's generations -* **for which they act as prostitutes** - This means the people are unfaithful to Yahweh by worshiping false gods. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a permanent statute for them throughout their people's generations** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:15]]. +See how you translated this phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/08.md b/lev/17/08.md index 6d074668ff..41ddd15d41 100644 --- a/lev/17/08.md +++ b/lev/17/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# that man must be cut off from his people -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] - -## translationNotes - -* **that man must be cut off from his people** - AT: "you must remove that man from his people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/19.md). AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/10.md b/lev/17/10.md index afaac5f0d7..5e7b785dfc 100644 --- a/lev/17/10.md +++ b/lev/17/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will set my face against that person -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "I have made up my mind to oppose that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# will set my face against -* **I will set my face against that person** - "I will turn my face away from you." This means Yahweh will reject the person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **For the life of an animal is in its blood...that atones for the life** - This means God uses the blood to pay for the sins of the people because the blood is life. The people should not consume the blood because it has this special purpose. +"will stare angrily at" + +# I will cut him off from among his people + +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. AT: "I will not permit that person to live among his people any longer" or "I will separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For the life of an animal is in its blood ... that atones for the life + +This means God uses the blood to atone for the sins of the people because the blood is life. The people should not consume the blood because it has this special purpose. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/12.md b/lev/17/12.md index 586a4d3556..89cb0ee772 100644 --- a/lev/17/12.md +++ b/lev/17/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I said -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# no one among you must eat blood -* **I said** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **must eat blood** - "may eat meat with blood in it" or "may consume blood" -* **that may be eaten** - AT: "that I have said they may eat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and cover the blood with earth** - "and cover the blood with dirt" +"no one among you may eat meat with blood in it" + +# that may be eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that I have said they may eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cover the blood with earth + +"cover the blood with dirt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/14.md b/lev/17/14.md index 4f87fdf5fa..52835e68c1 100644 --- a/lev/17/14.md +++ b/lev/17/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the life of each creature is its blood -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] +This means that the blood is enables the creature to be alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "each creature is able to live because of its blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Whoever eats it must be cut off -* **the life of each creature is its blood"** - AT: "the blood of an animal gives it life" -* **You must not eat the blood of any animal** - AT: "You must be careful not to eat the blood of an animal even if it is in the meat" -* **Whoever eats it must be cut off** - AT: "You must remove from the people anyone who consumes blood" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people" or "You must separate from his people anyone who eats blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/15.md b/lev/17/15.md index 4509e114ab..a477c98ed3 100644 --- a/lev/17/15.md +++ b/lev/17/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# that has been torn by wild animals -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **that has been torn by wild animals** - AT: "that wild animals have killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **is native born** - "is an Israelite" -* **until the evening** - "until sunset" -* **then he must carry his guilt** - AT: "then he is responsible for his own guilt" or "then I will punish him for his sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +An animal being killed by wild animals is spoken of as if the wild animals tore the animal to pieces. This can be translated in active form. AT: "that wild animals have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is native born + +"is an Israelite" + +# he will be unclean ... Then he will be clean + +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean and the person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until the evening + +"until sunset" + +# then he must carry his guilt + +A person's guilt is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word "guilt" represents the punishment for that guilt. AT: "then he is responsible for his own guilt" or "then I will punish him for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/intro.md b/lev/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4ffd6adfd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Leviticus 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sacrifices ##### +Sacrifices could only be offered by the priests at the temple. Any other sacrifice was strictly prohibited. This was probably intended to ensure that the people were only offering sacrifices to Yahweh and not to another god. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The life of each creature is its blood" ##### +It is unclear why the life is described as being in the blood. It is possible that diseases were more common in the blood and this is why it was prohibited. Blood is also necessary for life to continue in a creature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/01.md b/lev/18/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f43efe509..0000000000 --- a/lev/18/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. diff --git a/lev/18/04.md b/lev/18/04.md index 6ed6019139..a8d27b5f1e 100644 --- a/lev/18/04.md +++ b/lev/18/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# My laws are what you must do, and my commandments are what you must keep -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people must obey everything that Yahweh has commanded them to do. You can translate this parallelism into one statement that conveys the requirement to keep all of Yahweh's commands. AT: "You must obey all of my laws and commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# so that you walk in them -* **My laws are what you must do, and my commandants are what you must keep, so that you walk in them** - These three clauses mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "You must obey everything I command you to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Obeying Yahweh's commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were a path on which the person walks. AT: "so that you conduct your behavior according to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/06.md b/lev/18/06.md index 2f2e452d6a..667d38cd02 100644 --- a/lev/18/06.md +++ b/lev/18/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# your father's wives -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor|dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] - -## translationNotes - -* **your father's wives** - Sometimes men had more than one wife. God did not allow a son to sleep with any woman married to his father. +Sometimes men had more than one wife. God did not allow a son to sleep with any woman married to his father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/09.md b/lev/18/09.md index 161ba5c75d..0a17d2a326 100644 --- a/lev/18/09.md +++ b/lev/18/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# whether she is the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] +This means a man cannot sleep with his sister if they have the same parents or even if she has a different mother or father. -## translationNotes +# whether she was raised at your home or distant from you -* **whether she is the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother** - This means a man cannot sleep with his sister if they have the same parents or even if she has a different mother or father. -* **whether she was raised at your home or distant from you** - AT: "whether she grew up at your home or far away from you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Do not have sexual relations with your father's wife's daughter** - Possible meanings are 1) "Do not sleep with your half-sister (UDB) or 2) "Do not sleep with your step-sister." Here the man would not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "whether she grew up at your home or far away from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do not sleep with your father's wife's daughter + +Possible meanings are 1) "Do not sleep with your half-sister" or 2) "Do not sleep with your stepsister." Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/12.md b/lev/18/12.md index cd2a0c4baa..92b5dee2ac 100644 --- a/lev/18/12.md +++ b/lev/18/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not go near her for that purpose -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Do not go near her for that purpose** - "Do not go to her in order to sleep with her" +"Do not go to her in order to sleep with her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/15.md b/lev/18/15.md index 8b0baf7f0e..6e9c43f8a8 100644 --- a/lev/18/15.md +++ b/lev/18/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# do not sleep with her -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] - -## translationNotes - -* **do not have sexual relations with her** - Yahweh repeats this command for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Yahweh repeats this in order to emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/17.md b/lev/18/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e93788bc7..0000000000 --- a/lev/18/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. diff --git a/lev/18/19.md b/lev/18/19.md index c7cf87111e..1b1d784970 100644 --- a/lev/18/19.md +++ b/lev/18/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# menstruation -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +This is the period of time when a woman bleeds from her womb. -## translationNotes +# She is unclean -* **menstruation** - the period of time when a woman bleeds from her womb -* **your neighbor's wife** - "any man's wife" +The woman whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your neighbor's wife + +"any man's wife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/21.md b/lev/18/21.md index 71919b04bc..9ddccd32d7 100644 --- a/lev/18/21.md +++ b/lev/18/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:molech]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must not do that would defile them. -## translationNotes +# You must not give any of your children to put them into the fire -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must NOT do that would defile them. -* **give any of your children to pass through the fire** - AT: "burn your children alive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **profane the name of your God** - AT: "dishonor my reputation" or "bring shame on me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The phrase "to pass through the fire" means to burn something with fire as a sacrifice. AT: "You must not burn your children alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you must not profane the name of your God + +Here the word "profane" means to dishonor. The word "name" represents God himself. AT: "you must not dishonor your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/22.md b/lev/18/22.md index f9378e9cad..c165ee0d38 100644 --- a/lev/18/22.md +++ b/lev/18/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# This would be perversion -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] - -## translationNotes - -* **This would be perversion** - This means it goes against how God intended for men and women to have sexual relations. +Here "perversion" refers to a violation of the natural order of things as Yahweh intended them to be. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/24.md b/lev/18/24.md index eccd61c1ad..33b3d89d9a 100644 --- a/lev/18/24.md +++ b/lev/18/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the nations are defiled -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This refers to the people groups already living in Canaan. Translate this so the term "nations" is clarified as people. AT: "the people of the nations defiled themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# The land became defiled -* **the nations are defiled** - This refers to the people-groups already living in Canaan. AT: "the people of the nations defiled themselves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **from before you** - "when you enter their land the nations will be pushed out" -* **The land became defiled** - "The sins of the people made their land unclean" -* **the land vomited out its inhabitants** - AT: "the land rejected those living there" or "I will expel them from the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"The people defiled the land" + +# the land vomited out its inhabitants + +Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land were a person who vomited the people out. AT: "I forcibly removed the people from the land, like a person vomits up food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/26.md b/lev/18/26.md index 91d7b74843..a5d52e7d81 100644 --- a/lev/18/26.md +++ b/lev/18/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# any of these detestable things -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] +"any of these disgusting things" -## translationNotes +# this is the wickedness -* **any of these detestable things** - "any of these terrible things" -* **Therefore be careful** - "Therefore be careful to obey me" -* **so that the land does not vomit you up also...as it vomited out the people** - AT: "so that I do not expel you from the land...as I expelled the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This refers to "these detestable things." + +# Therefore be careful + +"Therefore be careful to obey me" + +# so that the land does not vomit you up ... as it vomited out the people + +Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land were a person who vomited the people out. See how you translated this metaphor in [Leviticus 18:25](./24.md). AT: "so that I do forcibly remove you from the land ... as I forcibly removed the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/29.md b/lev/18/29.md index 7dc4253d20..fd8295ea46 100644 --- a/lev/18/29.md +++ b/lev/18/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must not do. -## translationNotes +# the persons ... will be cut off from among their people -* Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must NOT do. -* **the persons who do such things will be cut off from among their people** - AT: "you must remove him from the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to practice any of these detestable customswhich were practiced here before you** - AT: "to do any of these terrible things which the people did here before you came" -* **by them** - Here "them" refers to the detestable customs. +People being excluded from the community is spoken of as if they had been cut off from their people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. AT: "the persons ... may no longer live among their people" or "you must separate the persons ... from their people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# which were practiced here before you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "which the people did here before you came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by them + +Here "them" refers to the detestable customs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/intro.md b/lev/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0f1434690 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sexual morality ##### + +This chapter gives certain standards for sexual morality. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/01.md b/lev/19/01.md index cebab8b4e6..bf8847156f 100644 --- a/lev/19/01.md +++ b/lev/19/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# keep my Sabbaths -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:worthy|worthy, worth, unworthy, worthless]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"observe my Sabbaths" or "respect my day of rest" -## translationNotes +# Do not turn to worthless idols -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Worshiping idols is spoken of as if it were physically turning towards them. AT: "Do not begin to worship worthless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/05.md b/lev/19/05.md index f277e620c3..39cc139fae 100644 --- a/lev/19/05.md +++ b/lev/19/05.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# you must offer it that you may be accepted -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **When you offer a sacrifice of fellowship offerings to Yahweh** - "When you bring an offering of peace to Yahweh" -* **you must offer it** - AT: "you must offer it properly" or "you must offer in the way that Yahweh tells you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **that you may be accepted** - AT: "so that Yahweh will accept you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It must be eaten** - AT: "You must eat the meat of the animal you sacrificed" -* **it must be burned** - AT: "you must burn it" -* **If it is eaten at all** - AT: "If you eat any of it all" -* **It must not be accepted** - AT: "You may not accept it for eating" -* **must carry his own guilt** - "is responsible for the wrong he has done" or "Yahweh will punish him" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **That person must be cut off from his people** - AT: "You must remove him from the people" +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. AT: "you must offer it properly so that I will accept you" or 2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. AT: "you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It must be eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it must be burned + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If it is eaten at all + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "If you eat any of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It must not be accepted + +To eat the offering after the designated time is against God and increases the guilt the offering was to cover. This can be translated in active form. AT: "You may not accept it for eating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everyone ... must carry his own guilt + +A person's guilt is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word "guilt" represents the punishment for that guilt. AT: "everyone ... is responsible for his own guilt" or "Yahweh will punish everyone ... for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# That person must be cut off from his people + +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/19.md). AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/09.md b/lev/19/09.md index 4598b3a32b..0b2ace9470 100644 --- a/lev/19/09.md +++ b/lev/19/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your field -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:grape|grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:reap|reap, reaper]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +"When you gather your crops, do not gather all the way to the edges of your fields" -## translationNotes +# neither will you gather all the produce of your harvest -* **When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your field** - "When you gather your crops, do not gather the crops all the way to the edges of your fields" -* **neither will you gather all the produce of your harvest** - "and do not go back and pick up all that you left behind" +This refers to the practice of going back over the fields a second time to gather any produce that remained after the first time. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "and do not go back and pick up all that you left behind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/11.md b/lev/19/11.md index bc9968ce28..863267ce48 100644 --- a/lev/19/11.md +++ b/lev/19/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not swear by my name falsely -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:profane|profane]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Do not not swear by my name falsely** - "Do not use my name to swear about something that is not true" +"Do not use my name to swear about something that is not true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/13.md b/lev/19/13.md index 0dfa228c06..98ac8a883b 100644 --- a/lev/19/13.md +++ b/lev/19/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not oppress your neighbor or rob him -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression, oppressor]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock|stumbling block, stone of stumbling]] +Here "neighbor" means "anyone." The meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "Do not hurt or rob anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# The wages of a hired servant must not stay with you all night until the morning -* **Do not oppress your neighbor or rob him** - Here "neighbor" means "anyone." AT: "Do not hurt or rob anyone" -* **The wages of a hired servant must not stay with you all night until the morning** - The command was for the employer to pay his servant at sundown. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Yahweh commands the employer to pay his servant promptly when his work is done that day. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/15.md b/lev/19/15.md index de2a2e6fbb..7361799e52 100644 --- a/lev/19/15.md +++ b/lev/19/15.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not cause judgment to be false -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:gossip]] -* [[en:tw:gossip|gossip]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +This double negative is used for emphasis. It can be expressed in a positive way. AT: "Always judge rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# You must not show favoritism to someone because he is poor, and you must not show favoritism to someone because he is important -* **Do not cause judgment to be false** - "Do not judge unfairly." AT: "Judge everyone fairly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **You must not show favoritism to someone because he is poor, and you must not show favoritism to someone because he is important** - The words "poor" and "important" can be combined to mean "anyone." AT: "You must not show favoritism to anyone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **judge your neighbor righteously** - "judge everyone according to what is right" -* **Do not walk around spreading false gossip** - "Do not go around speaking gossip to other people" -* **seek to protect your neighbor's life** - "seek to protect a person's life by telling the truth" +The words "poor" and "important" are two extremes, which together mean "anyone." You can translate this to clarify the terms. AT: "You must not show favoritism to anyone based on how much money they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# judge your neighbor righteously + +"judge everyone according to what is right" + +# Do not walk around spreading false gossip + +"Do not go around gossiping to other people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/17.md b/lev/19/17.md index 013aff4bff..3d8923c7b1 100644 --- a/lev/19/17.md +++ b/lev/19/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not hate your brother in your heart -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +Continually hating a person is spoken of as if it were hating a person in the heart. AT: "Do not continually hate your brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You must honestly rebuke your neighbor -* **You must honestly rebuke your neighbor** - "You must correct a person who is sinning" +"You must correct a person who is sinning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/19.md b/lev/19/19.md index 7959af595d..152b31fcd2 100644 --- a/lev/19/19.md +++ b/lev/19/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:kind|kind]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:seed|seed]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# clothing made of two kinds of material mixed together -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **clothing made of two kinds of material mixed together** - AT: "clothing that someone made from two kinds of thread" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "clothing that someone made from two kinds of material" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/20.md b/lev/19/20.md index 2d98b9cffa..24a91fd8fd 100644 --- a/lev/19/20.md +++ b/lev/19/20.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# who is promised to a husband -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:ransom|ransom]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "who is engaged to marry another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# but who has not been ransomed or given her freedom -* **who is promised to a husband** - AT: "who is engaged to marry another man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but who has not been ransomed or given her freedom, they must be punished** - AT: "but the man to whom she is engaged has not paid to free her from slavery" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they must be punished** - AT: "you must punish the slave girl and the man who slept with her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They must not be put to death** - AT: "You must not kill them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **A man must bring his guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance to the tent of meeting- a ram as a guilt offering** - a ram as a guilt offering** - "The man must bring a ram as a guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance of the tent of meeting" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "but whom her future husband has not ransomed or given her freedom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they must be punished + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must punish the slave girl and the man who slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They must not be put to death + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must not kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A man must bring his guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance to the tent of meeting—a ram as a guilt offering + +"A man must bring a ram as a guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance of the tent of meeting" + +# the sin which he has committed will be forgiven + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the sin which he has committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/23.md b/lev/19/23.md index a2fdf560a7..d8695ba77b 100644 --- a/lev/19/23.md +++ b/lev/19/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# then you must regard the fruit they produce as forbidden to be eaten ... It must not be eaten -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **then you must regard the fruit they have produced as being forbidden to be eaten. The fruit must be forbidden to you for three years. It must not be eaten** - AT: These sentences are repeated for emphasis. AT: "you are forbidden to eat their fruit for the first three years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **the fruit they produce as being forbidden to be eaten.** - "Yahweh does not allow you to eat that fruit." [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh repeats the prohibition in order to emphasize it and to clarify that it is in force for the first three years that the tree bears fruit. Translate this to clarify the period of time the trees must be left alone. AT: "then you must not eat the fruit of the trees for the first three years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you must regard the fruit they produce as forbidden to be eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must regard the fruit they produce as something that I have forbidden you to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The fruit must be forbidden to you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I have forbidden the fruit to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It must not be eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must not eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/26.md b/lev/19/26.md deleted file mode 100644 index 16eb6dd735..0000000000 --- a/lev/19/26.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. diff --git a/lev/19/29.md b/lev/19/29.md index 8b0e9a2c7f..e375d681ae 100644 --- a/lev/19/29.md +++ b/lev/19/29.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the nation will fall to prostitution and the land will become full of wickedness -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Here the words "nation" and "land" represent the people who live there. Many people practicing prostitution and other wicked deeds is spoken of as if the they have fallen into or become full of those things. AT: "the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/31.md b/lev/19/31.md index c46bb944c7..4cd1298a68 100644 --- a/lev/19/31.md +++ b/lev/19/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the dead or with spirits -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away, return]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) that "the dead" and "spirits" are two different things or 2) that this is a doublet that means "the spirits of dead people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not seek them out, or they will defile you -* **Do not seek them out, or they will defile you** - "Do not seek those people out. They will defile you." +"Do not seek those people out. If you do, they will defile you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/32.md b/lev/19/32.md index ea5d29f5e8..ee013cbe40 100644 --- a/lev/19/32.md +++ b/lev/19/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# You must rise -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] +Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# the gray-headed person -* **You must rise** - Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect. -* **the gray-headed person** - headed person** - "an old person" +This refers to a person whose hair has turned gray from age, or "an old person." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/33.md b/lev/19/33.md deleted file mode 100644 index f6b56c585b..0000000000 --- a/lev/19/33.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. diff --git a/lev/19/35.md b/lev/19/35.md index c4d7e24d79..4912f7d456 100644 --- a/lev/19/35.md +++ b/lev/19/35.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not use false measures -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This prohibits the practice of intentionally using instruments that give inaccurate readings when measuring things. -## translationNotes +# ephah -* **Do not use false measures** - "Do not be dishonest" -* **ephah** - This was a measurement for grain. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **hin** - This was a measurement for liquids. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **must obey...and do them** - These mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This was a measurement for grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# hin + +This was a measurement for liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# must obey ... and do them + +These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command for obedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/intro.md b/lev/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26cac12235 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Obeying Yahweh ##### + +Being holy meant obeying Yahweh in all matters of a person's life. It is not limited to offering correct sacrifices. The law helped to establish righteousness in a person's life, as well as justice in Israel. In Israel, these concepts are closely related. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/01.md b/lev/20/01.md index 5b342b6fdb..8179da7ba3 100644 --- a/lev/20/01.md +++ b/lev/20/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# gives any of his children to Molech -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:molech]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Those who worshiped Molech sacrificed their children to him by means of fire. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "kills any of his children as a sacrifice to Molech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# must certainly be put to death. The people in the land must stone him with stones -* **gives any of his children to Molech** - AT: "kills any of his children as a sacrifice to Molech" -* **must certainly be put to death. The people in the land must stone him with stones** - AT: "the people in the land must stone him to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the people in the land must stone him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/03.md b/lev/20/03.md index 395d8c29a2..5120b8e6ab 100644 --- a/lev/20/03.md +++ b/lev/20/03.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I also will set my face against that man -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:molech]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "I have made up my mind to oppose that man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# will set my face against -* **I also will set my face against that man** - "I will turn my face away from him." This means Yahweh will reject the person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he has given his child** - "he has sacrificed his child" -* **profane my holy name** - AT: "dishonor my reputation" or "dishonor me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **close their eyes to** - AT: "disregard" or "ignore" (UDB) -* **who prostitutes himself in order to play the harlot with Molech** - Often Yahweh compares those who are unfaithful to him and worship false gods to prostitutes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"will stare angrily at" + +# he has given his child + +"he has sacrificed his child" + +# so as to defile my holy place and profane my holy name + +"and by doing that, he has defiled my holy place and profaned my holy name" + +# profane my holy name + +God's name represents God and his reputation. AT: "dishonor my reputation" or "dishonor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# close their eyes to + +The phrase "to close their eyes" implies they "cannot see." This speaks of ignoring something as not seeing. AT: "disregard" or "ignore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who prostitutes himself in order to play the harlot with Molech + +This phrase compares those who are unfaithful to Yahweh to prostitutes. AT: "who is unfaithful to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/06.md b/lev/20/06.md index af11d9cc36..2e96d9eee9 100644 --- a/lev/20/06.md +++ b/lev/20/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# so as to prostitute themselves with them -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase compares the unfaithful people to prostitutes. AT: "by doing that, they seek advice from the spirits rather than from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will set my face against that person -* **so as to prostitute themselves with them** - Here "prostitute" means the people are unfaithful to Yahweh. AT: "so as to seek advise from them rather than from me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **set my face against** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:20:03]]. +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "I have made up my mind that I will oppose that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will set my face against + +"will stare angrily at" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/08.md b/lev/20/08.md index eb08179010..629c6b4064 100644 --- a/lev/20/08.md +++ b/lev/20/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# You must keep my commands and carry them out -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **You must keep my commandments and carry them out** - The words "keep" and "carry out" mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey God. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **must surely be put to death** - AT: "you must surely put to death" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The words "keep" and "carry out" mean basically the same thing. They are used together in order to emphasize that the people must obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# must surely be put to death + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must surely put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/10.md b/lev/20/10.md index 29dfa4ea02..21628601ad 100644 --- a/lev/20/10.md +++ b/lev/20/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The man who commits adultery with another man's wife, that is, anyone who commits adultery with his neighbor's wife -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +The full meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "The man who commits adultery with someone else's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# certainly be put to death -* **The man who commits adultery with another man’s wife, that is, anyone who commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife** - AT: "The man who commits adultery with someone's wife" -* **certainly be put to death** - AT: "you must certainly put both of them to death" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The man who lies down with his father’s wife to have sexual relations** - "The man who has sex with his father's wife" -* **They have committed perversion** - This means it goes against how God intended for men and women to have sexual relations. See how you translated "perversion" in [[en:bible:notes:lev:18:22]]. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must certainly put both of them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lies down with his father's wife to sleep with her + +This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with his father's wife. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "has sex with his father's wife." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# They have committed perversion + +Here God calls a man having sex with his son's wife a "perversion", a serious sin. See how you translated "perversion" in [Leviticus 18:23](../18/22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/13.md b/lev/20/13.md index 8b615761f1..703c7cbee5 100644 --- a/lev/20/13.md +++ b/lev/20/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a man sleeps with -* [[en:tw:evil]] +This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with another man. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "a man had sex with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# as with a woman -* **something detestable** - "something shameful" or "something deserving intense dislike" -* **They must surely be put to death** - AT: "You must surely put them to death" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They must be burned, both he and the women** - AT: "You must burn to death the man and the women" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The way he treats the man is the same way he would treat a woman. AT: "just like he would with a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# something detestable + +"something shameful" or "something repulsive" + +# They must surely be put to death + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must surely put them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They must be burned, both he and the women + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must burn to death both the man and the women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/15.md b/lev/20/15.md index d61a3798a2..06e21be7b2 100644 --- a/lev/20/15.md +++ b/lev/20/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he must surely be put to death -* [[en:tw:guilt]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must surely put him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# you must kill the woman and the animal. They must certainly be put to death -* **he must surely be put to death ** - AT: "you must surely put him to death" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you must kill the woman and the animal. They must certainly be put to death** - Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the woman and animal must die. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the woman and animal must die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They must certainly be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must certainly put them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/17.md b/lev/20/17.md index f48277a421..59af6cc3c1 100644 --- a/lev/20/17.md +++ b/lev/20/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# a man sleeps with -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] +This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with his sister. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "a man had sex with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# either his father's daughter or his mother's daughter -* **either his father’s daughter or his mother’s daughter** - AT: "whether it is his full-sister or half-sister." This means a man cannot sleep with his sister if they have the same parents or even if she has a different mother or father. -* **They must be cut off** - AT: "You must remove them from the community" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He must carry his guilt** - AT: "He is responsible for his sin" or "You must punish him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **menstrual period** - the time when a woman bleeds from her womb -* **Both the man and the woman must be cut off** - AT: "You must remove both the man and the woman from the community" +This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "whether it is his full sister or half-sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# must be cut off from + +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/19.md). AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He must carry his guilt + +This phrase means the man is responsibile for his sin. AT: "He is responsible for his sin" or "You must punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# menstrual period + +the time when a woman bleeds from her womb + +# he has uncovered the flow of her blood, the source of her blood + +This phrase compares having sex with a woman during her menstrual period to removing the cover off of something that should remain hidden. The fact that this was a shameful thing to do can be stated clearly. AT: "he has done a shameful thing by by uncovering the flow of her blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Both the man and woman must be cut off + +It can be stated clearly why this must be done. AT: "Because they have done this shameful thing, both the man and woman must be cut off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/19.md b/lev/20/19.md index 39ee8845ce..b9dbfbdb31 100644 --- a/lev/20/19.md +++ b/lev/20/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# sleeps with -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with his aunt. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "had sex with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# You must carry your own guilt -* **You must carry your own guilt** - AT: "You are responsible for your sin" or "I will punish you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **lies down with** - This means to have sex. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **it is impurity** - "it is unclean" or "it is immoral" +The idiom "carry your own guilt" means "you are responsible for your own sin." AT: "You are responsible for your sin" or "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will take away any inheritance their children might receive from their parents + +Many versions of the Bible translate this as "they will die childless." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/22.md b/lev/20/22.md index 4f9eb37e48..e3fe0bb975 100644 --- a/lev/20/22.md +++ b/lev/20/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the land into which I am bringing you to live will not vomit you up -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +This phrase describes the land as a vomiting person who needs to reject bad food. Instead of rejecting bad food, the land rejects the people and removes them. See how you translated this metaphor in [Leviticus 18:25](../18/24.md). AT: "the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# You must not walk in -* **the land into which I am bringing you to live will not vomit you up** - AT: "the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you" or "I do not expel you from the land to which I am bringing you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Doing the actions of idol worshipers is spoken of as walking in their ways. AT: "you must not follow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# drive out + +"remove" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/24.md b/lev/20/24.md index 9bbb69d809..69d88a1ee4 100644 --- a/lev/20/24.md +++ b/lev/20/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# a land flowing with milk and honey -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **a land flowing with milk and honey** - "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow." This means that the land will be rich and productive, so there will be enough food for everyone. AT: "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The phrase "flowing with milk and honey" means "that is rich and productive with enough food for everyone." AT: "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" or "a productive land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/26.md b/lev/20/26.md index 97d1b2633c..0013ded48c 100644 --- a/lev/20/26.md +++ b/lev/20/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# I have separated you -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this verse. +"I have distinguished you" or "I have set you apart" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/27.md b/lev/20/27.md index c130f82954..4e24dd7909 100644 --- a/lev/20/27.md +++ b/lev/20/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# talks with -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +"attempts to communicate with" -## translationNotes +# must certainly be put to death -* **must certainly be put to death ** - AT: "you must certainly put to death" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they must certainly put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/intro.md b/lev/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..592e6ebdfe --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Leviticus 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Punishments for serious sins ##### + +This chapter compiles a list of serious sins. The most serious sins are punished by death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Euphemism ##### + +"To see someone's nakedness" means to live as husband and wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +##### Metaphor ##### +The phrase "you must carry your own guilt" is a metaphor. It is unknown what this means, but it is possible it indicates a penalty of death. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/01.md b/lev/21/01.md index 3885f40b27..b0bde1c786 100644 --- a/lev/21/01.md +++ b/lev/21/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# make himself unclean -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# among his people -* **among his people** - "among the Israelites" +"among the Israelites" + +# virgin + +This can also be translated as "young woman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/04.md b/lev/21/04.md index dbf058eaa6..8ef5240fe6 100644 --- a/lev/21/04.md +++ b/lev/21/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# corners -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +"edges" or "any part" -## translationNotes +# They must be holy -* **they must be separate** - "they must be holy" or "they must be set apart" -* **not disgrace the name of their God** - AT: "not disgrace God's reputation" or "not disgrace their God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the "food" of their God** - "the food offering to their God." Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It means the priests burnt these offering on Yahweh's altar. +"They must be set apart" + +# not disgrace the name of their God + +This word "name" is used to represent Yahweh's character. AT: "not disgrace God's reputation" or "not disgrace their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the bread of their God + +Here "bread" represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It is the sincerity of those offering the food that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/07.md b/lev/21/07.md index 77e46e4f40..317b7044ab 100644 --- a/lev/21/07.md +++ b/lev/21/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They must not -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:setapart|set apart]] +"The priests must not" -## translationNotes +# for they are separate -* **They must not** - "Priests must not" -* **You must sanctify him** - "You people must treat the priest as holy" -* **for he offers the "food" from your God** - AT: "for he burns the food offering on Yahweh's altar" -* **He must be holy in your sight** - AT: "You must regard him as holy" -* **She must be burned** - AT: "You must burn her to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"for they are set apart" + +# You will set him apart + +"You people must treat the priest as holy" + +# for he is the one who offers bread to your God + +Here "bread" represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He must be holy to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must regard him as holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# She must be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must burn her to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/10.md b/lev/21/10.md index 2453b65e74..1a851ed34b 100644 --- a/lev/21/10.md +++ b/lev/21/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest|high priest]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the priests must do. -## translationNotes +# anointing oil -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the priests must do. -* **on whose head the anointing oil has been poured, and who has been consecrated** - AT: "on whose head they poured anointing oil and consecrated him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **must not wear his hair loose or tear his clothes** - These are signs of mourning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **must not leave the sanctuary area** - This does not mean he could never leave. God did not allow him to leave in order to grieve over someone who has died. +This is a reference to the anointing oil used in the ceremony consecrating a new the high priest. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on whose head the anointing oil has been poured, and who has been consecrated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on whose head they poured anointing oil and consecrated him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must not wear his hair loose or tear his clothes + +Loose hair and torn clothes were signs of mourning. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# must not leave the sanctuary area + +This does not mean the high priest could never leave. God did not allow him to leave in order to grieve over someone who died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/13.md b/lev/21/13.md index 759475607d..c664913230 100644 --- a/lev/21/13.md +++ b/lev/21/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# from his own people -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +"from among his own tribe, the tribe of Levi" -## translationNotes +# he will not defile his children among his people -* **from his own people** - "from among his own tribe, the tribe of Levi" +By marrying an unholy or ungodly woman, the priest would have children unworthy to be priest. AT: "that he will not have unworthy children by marrying an ungodly woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/16.md b/lev/21/16.md index c6c0043634..f783c35234 100644 --- a/lev/21/16.md +++ b/lev/21/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# he must not approach to offer the food to his God -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **he must not approach to offer the 'food' of his God** - AT: "he must not come to burn the food offering on God's altar" +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "he must not come to burn the burnt offering of food on God's altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/18.md b/lev/21/18.md index 9fd2f809c2..1399798e1c 100644 --- a/lev/21/18.md +++ b/lev/21/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# must not approach Yahweh -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +A priest had to meet specific physical standards in order to approach Yahweh. This does not imply that physical defects were the result of immorality or that all people with physical defects are unable to approach Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# one who is disfigured or deformed -* **must not approach Yahweh** - This means he must not approach to offer sacrifices on God's altar. -* **one who is disfigured** - "one whose body or face is deformed" -* **hunchbacked** - a person whose back has an abnormal curve in it -* **dwarfed** - an unusually short person -* **to offer the 'food' of his God** - AT: "to burn food offerings on God's altar" +"one whose body or face is deformed" + +# to offer the bread of his God + +Here "bread" represents food in general. AT: "to make burnt offering of food on God's altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/22.md b/lev/21/22.md index d089e14034..e8fd6f52d8 100644 --- a/lev/21/22.md +++ b/lev/21/22.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He may -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "he" refers to the priest with the bodily defect. -## translationNotes +# eat the food of his God -* **He may** - Here "he" refers to the priest with the bodily defect. -* **eat the 'food' of his God** - This means he may eat the parts of the sacrifices that belong to the priests. +"eat the food offering of his God." Parts of the sacrifices belonged to the priests and could be eaten. + +# some of the most holy or some of the holy + +This also refers to the food that was sacrificed. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "some of the sacrifices offered in the most holy place or some of the sacrifices offered in the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to his sons + +"to Aaron's sons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/intro.md b/lev/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b2833fc52 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Priests must be holy ##### + +Priests must be separate from the rest of the world. Priests should not do anything that would be unclean. They also cannot be unclean because of a birth defect, and they must not marry an unclean woman. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/01.md b/lev/22/01.md index 01ab4a9128..b8de749457 100644 --- a/lev/22/01.md +++ b/lev/22/01.md @@ -1,36 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# tell them to keep away from the holy things -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:profane|profane]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"tell them when they should keep away from the holy things." Yahweh is about to describe situations where a priest is unclean and not allowed to touch holy things. -## translationNotes +# profane my holy name -* **tell them to keep away from the holy things** - "tell them when they should keep away from the holy things." Yahweh is about to describe situations where a priest is unclean and not allowed to touch holy things. -* **profane my holy name** - AT: "dishonor my reputation" or "dishonor me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **throughout your people's generations** - AT: "from now on" -* **that person must be cut off** - AT: "you must remove that person from the community" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "profane" here means to dishonor. The word "name" represents Yahweh's character. AT: "dishonor my reputation" or "dishonor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# throughout your generations + +"from now on" + +# while he is unclean + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that person must be cut off from before me + +A priest no longer being able to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if that person had been cut off from Yahweh's presence, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. AT: "that person will no longer be able to serve as a priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/04.md b/lev/22/04.md index 2bb6369b58..5aefb864c6 100644 --- a/lev/22/04.md +++ b/lev/22/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# infectious skin disease -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +a disease on the skin easily spread from one person to another -## translationNotes +# an infection flowing from his body -* **infectious skin disease** - a disease on the skin that can easily spread from one person to another -* **from his body** - AT: "from his private parts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **the sacrifices made to Yahweh** - AT: "the sacrifices that someone has offered to Yahweh" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **or whoever touches any creeping animal that makes him unclean, or any person who makes him unclean,** - AT: "or whoever is unclean from touching a creeping animal or from touching another unclean person" -* **until evening** - "until sunset" +"a bodily discharge" + +# from his body + +This is a polite way of referring to a man's private parts. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 15:1](../15/01.md). AT: "from his private parts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# until he is clean + +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whoever touches anything unclean + +Something that Yahweh has said is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through contact with the dead + +"by touching a dead body" + +# the sacrifices made to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sacrifices that someone has offered to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# or whoever touches any creeping animal that makes him unclean, or any person who makes him unclean + +This can be made explicit. AT: "or whoever is unclean from touching a creeping animal or from touching another unclean person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the priest ... will be unclean + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening + +"until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/07.md b/lev/22/07.md index ed59a563a7..ca1a1b1ebf 100644 --- a/lev/22/07.md +++ b/lev/22/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he will then be clean -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify|sanctify, sanctification]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"the priest will then be considered clean." A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# found dead or killed by wild animals -* **he will then be clean** - "the priest will then be clean" -* **found dead or killed by wild animals** - AT: "that someone finds dead or that a wild animal has killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that someone found dead or that a wild animal has killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/10.md b/lev/22/10.md index 9c71872ba4..62301754d1 100644 --- a/lev/22/10.md +++ b/lev/22/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron and his sons must do. +Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron and his sons must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/12.md b/lev/22/12.md index 9e71a2bfbc..32c384fc6d 100644 --- a/lev/22/12.md +++ b/lev/22/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the holy contribution offerings -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the holy contribution offerings** - "the holy offerings" +The word "contribution" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "the holy offerings which people have contributed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/14.md b/lev/22/14.md index efd7f7d6f0..8dd9b205ee 100644 --- a/lev/22/14.md +++ b/lev/22/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he must repay the priest for it; he must add one-fifth to it -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor|dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or 2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten. -## translationNotes +# one-fifth -* **that they have raised high and presented** - "that they have offered" -* **and cause themselves to carry the sin that would make them guilty ** - "and cause themselves to sin and be guilty" (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# must not dishonor the holy things + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "must treat the holy things with honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# that they have raised high and presented + +The phrase "raised high" refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as "presented." AT: "that they have offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# cause themselves to carry the sin that would make them guilty + +Sin is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. Possible meanings are 1) they would be responsible for the sin and so become guilty. AT: "they would be guilty for the sin that they committed" or 2) the word "sin" is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. AT: "they would receive the punishment because they are guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/17.md b/lev/22/17.md index 37ca33b717..9e89bc0d86 100644 --- a/lev/22/17.md +++ b/lev/22/17.md @@ -1,24 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# an alien -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill|fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"a foreigner" -## translationNotes +# if it is to be accepted -* **an alien** - "a foreigner" -* **if it is to be accepted ** - AT: "if Yahweh is to accept it" or "if I am to accept it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if Yahweh is to accept it" or "if I, Yahweh, am to accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/20.md b/lev/22/20.md index 3eba8dca4c..ecee0f11a5 100644 --- a/lev/22/20.md +++ b/lev/22/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# to be accepted -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering|fellowshipoffering -fellowship offering, peace offering]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering|freewilloffering -freewill offering]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice -sacrifice, offering]] - -## translationNotes - -* **to be accepted** - AT: "for me to accept it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for me to accept it" or "for Yahweh to accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/22.md b/lev/22/22.md index 3ce0ab0b83..442a733e5c 100644 --- a/lev/22/22.md +++ b/lev/22/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# disabled, or maimed -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +These words refer to defects caused by accidents. -## translationNotes +# warts, sores, or scabs -* **disabled, or maimed** - This refers to defects caused by accidents. -* **warts, sores, or scabs** - These are types of skin diseases. -* **will not be accepted ** - AT: "I will not accept" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **deformed or small** - This refers to defects the animal has from birth. +These refer to types of skin diseases. + +# will not be accepted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not accept" or "Yahweh will not accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# deformed or small + +These words refer to defects the animal has from birth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/24.md b/lev/22/24.md index 8185696e89..3d4ead3795 100644 --- a/lev/22/24.md +++ b/lev/22/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# must not present the bread of your God -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "bread" represents food in general. God did not actually eat the sacrifices. Priests would offer the sacrifice on God's altar, and they would eat some of the meat. AT: "must not present an animal as a food offering to your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# from the hand of a foreigner -* **from a foreigner's hand** - AT: "from a foreigner" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **as food presented to God** - God did not actually eat the sacrifices. Priests would offer the sacrifice on God's altar, and they would eat some of the meat. AT: "as a food offering to God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "hand" represents the whole person. It is implied that Israelites could not use animals as a sacrifice to God if they bought it from a foreigner, because foreigners castrated their animals making them unacceptable to God. AT: "that a foreigner has given you, because they castrate their animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they will not be accepted for you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will not accept them from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/26.md b/lev/22/26.md index a83457ecef..ed0b7948d8 100644 --- a/lev/22/26.md +++ b/lev/22/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# it may be accepted -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you may accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# for an offering made by fire -* **it may be accepted ** - AT: "you may accept it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for an offering made by fire** - AT: "for a burnt offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/28.md b/lev/22/28.md index c4aa37d71a..2e833fc798 100644 --- a/lev/22/28.md +++ b/lev/22/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# It must be eaten -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# that it is sacrificed -* **It must be eaten ** - AT: "You must eat it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that it is sacrificed** - AT: "that you sacrificed it" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you sacrificed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/31.md b/lev/22/31.md index dfda4b3534..e08b372eb3 100644 --- a/lev/22/31.md +++ b/lev/22/31.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# keep my commandments and carry them out -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] +The words "keep" and "carry out" mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey God's commands. AT: "obey my commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# You must not dishonor my holy name -* **keep my commandments and carry them out** - The words "keep" and "carry out" mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey God's commands. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **You must not dishonor my holy name** - AT: "You must honor my holy reputation" or "You must honor me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I must be acknowledged as holy by the people of Israel** - AT: "The people of Israel must acknowledge me as holy" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself and his reputation. AT: "You must not dishonor me" or "You must not dishonor my holy reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I must be acknowledged as holy by the people of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Israel must acknowledge me as holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/intro.md b/lev/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d170ece2b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Holy things ##### + +Priests who are unclean must not touch any holy thing. The things in the temple and involved in sacrifices must remain clean. An unclean priest would cause anything he touched to become unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/01.md b/lev/23/01.md index cf32be72c4..5384d64126 100644 --- a/lev/23/01.md +++ b/lev/23/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the appointed festivals for Yahweh -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **The appointed festivals for Yahweh, which you must proclaim as holy assemblies, are my regular festivals** - "You must proclaim my special feasts as a holy time to gather and worship me." +These were festivals that the Lord had appointed times for. The people were to worship him at these festivals. AT: "the festivals for Yahweh" or "Yahweh's festivals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/03.md b/lev/23/03.md index 82921ca0a4..a7d586d785 100644 --- a/lev/23/03.md +++ b/lev/23/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do on special days and times. -## translationNotes +# the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do on special days and times. -* **Sabbath of complete rest** - This emphasizes it is a day for full and solemn rest. +This is something the people must do habitually. After every six days in which they can work, they must rest on the seventh day. + +# a holy assembly + +The requirement that people assemble to worship God on that day is spoken of as if that day were the assembly. AT: "a holy day, when you must assemble together to worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/04.md b/lev/23/04.md index e3c80bb970..eadd6ecc7c 100644 --- a/lev/23/04.md +++ b/lev/23/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# at their appointed times -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:passover|Passover]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread|unleavened bread]] +"at their proper times" -## translationNotes +# first month, on the fourteenth day of the month ... the fifteenth day of the same month -* **at their appointed times** - "at their proper times scheduled by Yahweh" -* **month...day** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]] +The first month of the Hebrew calendar marks when Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fourteenth day and fifteenth day are around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# at twilight + +"at sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/07.md b/lev/23/07.md index 39b51dd9e8..ef06aab2bf 100644 --- a/lev/23/07.md +++ b/lev/23/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The first day you must set apart to gather together -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"You must set apart the first day to gather together" or "You must treat the first day as different and gather together" -## translationNotes +# will present a food offering -* **a sacrifice made by fire** - "burnt offering" -* **for seven days** - They offered a burnt sacrifice each day for seven days. +They would present it to Yahweh by burning it on the altar. + +# The seventh day is an assembly set apart to Yahweh + +The requirement that people assemble on that day is spoken of as if that day were the assembly. Being set apart to Yahweh means that when they assemble, they must worship Yahweh. AT: "The seventh day is a day when you must assemble together to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/09.md b/lev/23/09.md index 8de73415f3..9599f91bc4 100644 --- a/lev/23/09.md +++ b/lev/23/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# a sheaf of its firstfruits -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] +"the first sheaf" or "the first bundle of grain." A "sheaf" is a bunch of grain that a person has tied together. -## translationNotes +# for it to be accepted -* **a sheaf of its firstfruits** - "the first sheaf" or "the first bundle of grain." A "sheaf" is a bunch of grain that a person has tied together. -* **for it to be accepted** - AT: "for me to accept it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Yahweh to accept it" or "and I will accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/12.md b/lev/23/12.md index 8e9e8b8ac4..99e99a702c 100644 --- a/lev/23/12.md +++ b/lev/23/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:blemish|blemish]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# two-tenths of an ephah -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **ephah** - An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **hin** - A hin is 3.70 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **nor roasted or fresh grain** - "nor cooked or uncooked grain" -* **This will be a permanent command throughout your people's generations** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:15]]. +An ephah is 22 liters. AT: "four and a half liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a fourth of a hin + +A hin is 3.7 liters. AT: "one liter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# nor roasted or fresh grain + +"nor cooked or uncooked grain" + +# This will be a permanent statute throughout your people's generations + +This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/15.md b/lev/23/15.md index 7df7b745b0..0233b134f5 100644 --- a/lev/23/15.md +++ b/lev/23/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# fifty days -* **day...weeks** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]] -* **to be lifted up and presented** - AT: "for the priest to lift up and present" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fifty days** - "50 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"50 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventh + +This is the ordinal for number seven. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/17.md b/lev/23/17.md index 9eab813f83..67dab2391e 100644 --- a/lev/23/17.md +++ b/lev/23/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] -* [[en:tw:yeast|yeast, leaven]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# made from two-tenths of an ephah. They must be made from fine flour and baked with yeast -* **made from two tenths of an ephah. They must be made from fine flour and baked with yeast** - AT: "which you must make from two tenths of an ephah of flour and then bake it with yeast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **two tenths of an ephah** - This represents approximately 4.5 liters. -* **that will be raised and presented** - AT: "that the priest will raise and present" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you have made from two-tenths of an ephah of flour and then baked with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# two-tenths of an ephah + +This is approximately 4.5 liters. AT: "four and a half liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# producing a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +The Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. AT: "Yahweh will be pleased with you" or "that pleases the Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/19.md b/lev/23/19.md index 15bb236c3a..bc810681f8 100644 --- a/lev/23/19.md +++ b/lev/23/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/22.md b/lev/23/22.md index a804249f46..feb771f32b 100644 --- a/lev/23/22.md +++ b/lev/23/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your fields -* **When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your fields** - "When you gather your crops, do not gather the crops all the way to the edges of your fields" +"When you gather your crops, do not gather them all the way to the edges of your fields" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/23.md b/lev/23/23.md index 242db72387..c0fb4c6bf4 100644 --- a/lev/23/23.md +++ b/lev/23/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the seventh month, the first day of that month -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:memorialoffering]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# a solemn rest -* **month** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]] -* **a solemn rest** - a period of time that was only for worship and not for work +a period of time that was only for worship and not for work + +# you must offer a sacrifice made by fire to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must offer a sacrifice that you make by fire to Yahweh" or "you must burn an offering on the altar to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/26.md b/lev/23/26.md index c6a95cc443..5ca9893aa2 100644 --- a/lev/23/26.md +++ b/lev/23/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# tenth day of this seventh month -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the Day of Atonement -* **tenth day of this seventh month** - See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltime]] -* **Day of Atonement** - On this one day the high priest made an offering to Yahweh in the most holy place for all of the sins of the people of Israel. -* **It must be an assembly for Yahweh's honor that you celebrate** - "You must gather to worship and honor Yahweh" +On this day each year the high priest made a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. AT: "the Day of Sacrifice for Forgiveness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/28.md b/lev/23/28.md index c6697d9463..decc10b0c9 100644 --- a/lev/23/28.md +++ b/lev/23/28.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. -## translationNotes +# must be cut off from his people -* **must be cut off from his people.** - AT: "you must remove him from his people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Being excluded is spoken of as being cut off. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/19.md). AT: "must be excluded from his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/30.md b/lev/23/30.md index 1109b167eb..0cf26eebfe 100644 --- a/lev/23/30.md +++ b/lev/23/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. -## translationNotes +# on that day -* **on that day** - "on the Day of Atonement" -* **This will be a permanent command throughout your people's generations** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:15]]. -* **a Sabbath of solemn rest** - This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the day of atonement. -* **from evening to evening** - "from sunset to sunset on the next day" +"on the Day of Atonement" + +# This will be a permanent statute throughout your people's generations + +This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). + +# a Sabbath of solemn rest + +This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement. + +# you must humble yourselves + +In this case humbling themselves implies that they would not eat any food. This can be stated clearly. AT: "you must humble yourselves and eat nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the ninth day of the month + +This refers to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. This can be made explicit. AT: "the ninth day of the seventh month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# From evening to evening + +"From sunset to sunset on the next day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/33.md b/lev/23/33.md index 9dd408b806..a8e08fb083 100644 --- a/lev/23/33.md +++ b/lev/23/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# fifteenth day of the seventh month -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Festival of Shelters -* **fifteenth day of the seventh month** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]] -* **Festival of Shelters** - A celebration where the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after leaving Egypt. +This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/35.md b/lev/23/35.md index bd915bae20..e5a73fad52 100644 --- a/lev/23/35.md +++ b/lev/23/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh is giving instructions for the Festival of Shelters. +Yahweh is giving instructions for the Festival of Shelters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/37.md b/lev/23/37.md index a1ea5d28a5..4218772407 100644 --- a/lev/23/37.md +++ b/lev/23/37.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. -## translationNotes +# These are the appointed festivals -* **These are the appointed festivals** - This refers to the festivals mentioned in 23:1-36. +This refers to the festivals mentioned in 23:1-36. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/39.md b/lev/23/39.md index 64383d7c60..c0011a23df 100644 --- a/lev/23/39.md +++ b/lev/23/39.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. -## translationNotes +# Festival of Shelters -* **Festival of Shelters** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:23:33]]. -* **when you have gathered in the fruits** - "after you have gathered the crops" -* **fifteenth day of the seventh month** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]] +This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt. See how you translated it in [Leviticus 23:34](./33.md). + +# fifteenth day of the seventh month + +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# when you have gathered in the fruits + +The word "fruits" here represents various kinds of crops. AT: "after you have gathered the crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/40.md b/lev/23/40.md index 6aefaa2c52..0191287f27 100644 --- a/lev/23/40.md +++ b/lev/23/40.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:palm|palm]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters. -## translationNotes +# branches of palm trees ... willows from streams -* Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters. -* **branches of palm trees...willows from streams** - Possible meanings are 1) the people made temporary shelters out of these branches or 2) people waved these branches as part of their joyous celebration. -* **willows** - trees with long, narrow leaves which grows near water (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +Possible uses for these branches are 1) to make temporary shelters or 2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# willows + +trees with long, narrow leaves, which grow near water (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/42.md b/lev/23/42.md index 3c6f3155ad..8fad9b2249 100644 --- a/lev/23/42.md +++ b/lev/23/42.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] +Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters. -## translationNotes +# your descendants, generation after generation, may learn -* Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters. +"Generation after generation" is an idiom that refers to each generation that lives after another. AT: "your descendants belonging to all future generations may learn" or "all your descendants may learn forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/intro.md b/lev/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26f9b94eae --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Leviticus 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### The feasts ##### +The people should celebrate the Sabbath, the Passover, the Feast of First Fruits, the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Booths. These feasts were important for the religious life of Israel. They were a part of proper worship of Yahweh and the identity of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/firstfruit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/01.md b/lev/24/01.md index cf6105f844..59a3a868bf 100644 --- a/lev/24/01.md +++ b/lev/24/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:olive|olive]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure, purify, purification]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +God gives Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting. -## translationNotes +# pure oil beaten from olives -* **oil beat from olives** - "olive oil" +"pure olive oil" + +# the lamp + +This refers to the lamp or lamps in Yahweh's sacred tent. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the lamp in the tent of meeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/03.md b/lev/24/03.md index 97900cbd1d..661f0ea565 100644 --- a/lev/24/03.md +++ b/lev/24/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest|high priest]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace|holy place, most holy place]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand|lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +God continues giving Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting. -## translationNotes +# Outside the curtain before the covenant decrees -* **Outside the curtain before the covenant decrees** - Here "covenant decrees" refers to the ark of the covenant which contained the 10 commandments. The ark was located in the most holy place. AT: "Outside of the curtain that separates the holy place from the most holy place" -* **from evening to morning** - "from sunset to sunrise" -* **This will be a permanent command throughout your people's generations** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:lev:03:15]]. +The phrase "covenant decrees" represents either the tablets that the decrees were written on or the box that the tablets were put in. These were kept in the very holy place, which was the room behind the curtain in the tent of meeting. AT: "Outside the curtain that is in front of the tablets of the covenant decrees" or "Outside the curtain that is in front of the box of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# curtain + +This was a thick fabric hung as a wall. It was not like a light window curtain. + +# from evening to morning + +"from sunset to sunrise" or "all night" + +# This will be a permanent statute throughout your people's generations + +This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/05.md b/lev/24/05.md index 12dd720eb9..a727918d97 100644 --- a/lev/24/05.md +++ b/lev/24/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:tenth|tenth, tithe]] +God continues giving Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting. -## translationNotes +# two-tenths of an ephah -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do for tabernacle worship every day. -* **ephah** - An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **the table of pure gold before Yahweh** - This table is in the holy place which is before the most holy place. +This is about 4.5 liters. AT: "four and a half liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# the table of pure gold before Yahweh + +This table is in the holy place, which is before the most holy place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/07.md b/lev/24/07.md index 94edea0d05..0e1baf7c6b 100644 --- a/lev/24/07.md +++ b/lev/24/07.md @@ -1,28 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:setapart|set apart]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] +God continues giving Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting. -## translationNotes +# You must put pure incense along each row of loaves -* **as a symbol of the loaves** - "which will represent the loaves of bread" -* **This incense will be burnt for Yahweh** - AT: "You will burn the incense for Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **special to him** - The word "him" refers to Yahweh. -* **This offering** - "This bread" -* **since it was taken from the offerings to Yahweh made by fire** - AT: "since they took it from the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The incense was probably next to the loaves, rather than directly on the loaves. AT: "You must put pure incense next to the loaves in each row" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as a representative offering + +What the incense would represent can be stated clearly. AT: "to represent the loaves as an offering" or "to be an offering that represents the loaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# This incense will be burnt for Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will burn the incense for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This offering + +"This bread that is offered" + +# for it is a portion from the offerings + +"for they took it from the offerings" + +# the offerings to Yahweh made by fire + +"the burnt offerings to Yahweh" or "the offerings that you burn to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/10.md b/lev/24/10.md index eb4d493900..d922119569 100644 --- a/lev/24/10.md +++ b/lev/24/10.md @@ -1,28 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now it happened -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy|blasphemy, blaspheme]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dan|Dan]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod|will of God]] +This phrase marks a new section of the book. -## translationNotes +# blasphemed the name of Yahweh and cursed God -* **Now it happened** - This marks a new section of the book. -* **blasphemed the name of Yahweh and cursed God** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "said terrible things about Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Shelomith** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Dibri** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "blasphemed Yahweh by cursing him" or "said terrible things about Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Shelomith + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Dibri + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/13.md b/lev/24/13.md index c5cd8c70bf..1cb7aa840d 100644 --- a/lev/24/13.md +++ b/lev/24/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# All who heard him must lay their hands on his head -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:stone|stone, stoning]] - -## translationNotes - -* **lay their hands on his head** - This is to show that the man carries the guilt and the people put any guilt they may have onto him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +They were to put their hands on his head to show that he was the guilty one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/15.md b/lev/24/15.md index 0c794d7d58..3fa614e221 100644 --- a/lev/24/15.md +++ b/lev/24/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +God continues telling Moses what they must do to the man who cursed God. -## translationNotes +# must carry his own guilt -* **You must explain** - Yahweh is speaking to Moses. -* **must carry his own guilt** - "is responsible for his guilt" or "the people must punish him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **must surely be put to death** - AT: "The people must surely put him to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Suffering for sin is spoken of if a person were to carry his guilt. AT: "must suffer for his sin" or "must be punished (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# must surely be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people must surely put him to death" or "the people must surely kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/17.md b/lev/24/17.md index b679c6940b..ff23796996 100644 --- a/lev/24/17.md +++ b/lev/24/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +God continues telling Moses what the people must do when someone does something bad. -## translationNotes +# he must certainly be put to death. -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **And he who kills another man must certainly be put to death** - AT: "You must certainly put to death anyone who kills another person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **life for life** - AT: "one life to replace the other life" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must certainly put to death anyone who kills another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must pay it back + +How he would pay it back can be stated clearly. AT: "must pay it back by giving him a live animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# life for life + +This is an idiom that means that one life would replace the other. AT: "one life to replace the other life" or "to replace the one that he killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/19.md b/lev/24/19.md index 09275e96fa..0bf87f4035 100644 --- a/lev/24/19.md +++ b/lev/24/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] +God continues telling Moses what the people must do when someone does something bad. -## translationNotes +# it must be done to him -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **it must be done to him** - AT: "you must do to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth** - These phrases emphasize that a person should receive the harm he did to someone else. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **anyone who kills a person must be put to death** - AT: "you must put to death anyone who kills a person" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must do to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth + +These phrases emphasize that a person should receive the same harm he did to someone else. + +# fracture for fracture + +This refers to broken bones. AT: "broken bone for broken bone" or "If he breaks someone's bone, one of his bones must be broken" or "If he breaks someone's bone, they will break one of his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# eye for eye + +This refers to eyes being seriously injured or gouged out. AT: "If he destroys someone's eye, one of his bones must be destroyed" or "If he destroys someone's eye, they will destroy his eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# tooth for tooth + +This refers to teeth being knocked out of the mouth. AT: "If he knocks out someone's tooth, one of his teeth must be knocked out" or "If he knocks out someone's tooth, they will knock out one of his teeth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# anyone who kills a person must be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they must put to death anyone who kills a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/22.md b/lev/24/22.md index ceb2396a67..e477f1b96a 100644 --- a/lev/24/22.md +++ b/lev/24/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# carried out the command -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +"obeyed the command" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/intro.md b/lev/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b1903289b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cursing God ##### + +The punishment for someone who curses God is to have stones thrown at him until he is dead. This was acceptable in ancient Israel, but it is no longer considered acceptable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/01.md b/lev/25/01.md index 232b90316e..0a9534f03b 100644 --- a/lev/25/01.md +++ b/lev/25/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the land must be made to keep a Sabbath for Yahweh -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:sinai|Sinai, Mount Sinai]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the land must be made to keep a Sabbath** - This means every seven years the people must not plant crops. AT: "you must allow the land to rest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The land is spoken of as if it were a person that could obey the Sabbath by resting. Just as the people had to rest every seventh day, people were to honor God by not farming the land every seventh year. AT: "you must obey the Sabbath law by letting the land rest every seventh year for Yahweh" or "you must obey Yahweh's Sabbath by not farming the land every seventh year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/03.md b/lev/25/03.md index 39bb1d5ef7..9987492d7a 100644 --- a/lev/25/03.md +++ b/lev/25/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# prune your vineyard -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +To prune a vineyard is to cut the branches and vines to help the fruit grow better. -## translationNotes +# a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land must be observed -* **prune** - to cut branches and vines to help the fruit grow better -* **a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land must be observed** - AT: "you must observe a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Not farming the land is spoken of as letting the land rest. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must observe a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land" or "you must obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/05.md b/lev/25/05.md index f164382a28..98c22a961a 100644 --- a/lev/25/05.md +++ b/lev/25/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You must not conduct ... who live with you may gather food -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:grape|grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:livestock|livestock]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vine|vine]] +In 25:5-6 Yahweh means he will not allow the owner of a field to organize his workers and harvest the land as he does the other six years. However, Yahweh will allow individuals to go through the fields to pick and eat the fruit they find. -## translationNotes +# your unpruned vines -* **You must not conduct...who live with you may gather food** - In 25:5-6 Yahweh means he will not allow the owner of a field to organize his workers and harvest the land as he does the other six years. However, Yahweh will allow individuals to go through the fields to pick and eat the fruit they find. -* **your unpruned vines** - This means that no one has taken care of the vines as they do during the other six years. +This means that no one has taken care of the vines and cut them as they do during the other six years. This can be stated in active form. AT: "your vines that you do not prune" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whatever the unworked land grows + +"whatever grows on the unworked land" + +# the unworked land + +This means that no one has taken care of the gardens or farms as they do during the other six years. This can be stated in active form. AT: "your gardens that you do not tend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whatever the land produces + +"whatever grows on the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/08.md b/lev/25/08.md index 379b4b48c8..a782b3e43b 100644 --- a/lev/25/08.md +++ b/lev/25/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# there will be seven Sabbaths of years -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **years...day...month** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]] -* **forty-nine years** - nine years** - "49 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Day of Atonement** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:23:26]]. +"they will be seven sets of seven years" + +# forty-nine years + +"49 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the tenth day of the seventh month + +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the Day of Atonement + +On this day each year the high priest would make a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 23:27](../23/26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/10.md b/lev/25/10.md index 546375e065..54c608de36 100644 --- a/lev/25/10.md +++ b/lev/25/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# fiftieth year -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate|consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] +This is an ordinal number. AT: "year 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# a Jubilee for you -* **fiftieth year** - "year 50" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **jubilee** - a 50 year anniversary celebration -* **property and slaves must be returned** - AT: "you must return property and slaves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The Jubilee was a year when the Jews had to return land to its' original owners and set slaves free. AT: "a year of restoration for you" or "a year for you to return land and free slaves" + +# property and slaves must be returned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must return property and slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/11.md b/lev/25/11.md index 7aa0011904..4a6d752a39 100644 --- a/lev/25/11.md +++ b/lev/25/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# a Jubilee for you -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vine|vine]] +"a year of restoration" or "a year for you to return the land." It can be stated clearly who they were returning the land to. AT: "a year for you to return the land to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# You must eat the produce that grows by itself out of the fields -* **You must eat the produce that grows by itself out of the fields** - Yahweh did not allow the land owner to organize his workers and harvest the land like he did the other 6 years. However, he did allow individual to go through the fields and eat what they find. +Yahweh did not allow the land owner to organize his workers and harvest the land as he did the other six years. However, he did allow individuals to go through the fields and eat what they find. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/13.md b/lev/25/13.md index 1403d8e9f8..a054a8864e 100644 --- a/lev/25/13.md +++ b/lev/25/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# this year of Jubilee -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +"this year of restoration" or "this year to return land and free slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/15.md b/lev/25/15.md index 484a545638..3ab5d700a0 100644 --- a/lev/25/15.md +++ b/lev/25/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:wrong|wrong, mistreat, hurt]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +God continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# that can be harvested -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **that can be harvested ** - AT: "that you can harvest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you can harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the next Jubilee + +"the next year of restoration" or "the next year to return land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/18.md b/lev/25/18.md index 156d9b87bd..a7ba71bb35 100644 --- a/lev/25/18.md +++ b/lev/25/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# obey my decrees, keep my laws, and carry them out -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] +All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything Yahweh says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# you will eat your fill -* **obey my decrees, keep my laws, and carry them out** - All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything Yahweh says. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This means that they would eat enough until their stomach was full. AT: "you will eat till you are full" or "you will eat plenty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/20.md b/lev/25/20.md index d0f551c038..4bdcc532d5 100644 --- a/lev/25/20.md +++ b/lev/25/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You might say -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] +Here "You" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# I will command my blessing to come upon you -* **You might say** - Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **I will command my blessing to come upon you** - "I will bless you." Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **from the provisions stored** - AT: "from the food that you stored" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +God speaks of his blessing as if it were a person that could obey him. AT: "I will send my blessing on you" or "I will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from the provisions stored + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from the food you store" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/23.md b/lev/25/23.md index bf3e43168c..049bfe4bfb 100644 --- a/lev/25/23.md +++ b/lev/25/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] +Yahweh continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# The land must not be sold to a new permanent owner -* Yahweh continues speaking. -* **The land must not be sold to a new permanent owner** - AT: "You may not sell your land permanently to another person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the right of redemption** - The original owners were legally allowed to buy back any of their land that they sold. -* **you must allow the land to be bought back by the family from whom you bought it** - AT: "you must allow the family from whom you bought the land to buy the land back" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not sell your land permanently to another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You must observe the right of redemption + +The noun "redemption" can be expressed with the verbs "redeem" or "buy back." AT: "You must remember that the original owner has the right to redeem the land whenever he wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you must allow the land to be bought back by the family from whom you bought it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must allow the family from whom you bought the land to buy it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/26.md b/lev/25/26.md index 2e3fa25e70..b0dba8e236 100644 --- a/lev/25/26.md +++ b/lev/25/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the land was sold -* [[en:tw:prosper]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he sold the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# repay the balance to the man to whom he sold it -* **the land was sold** - AT: "he sold the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **jubilee** - This is a 50 year anniversary celebration. See how you translated it in [[en:bible:notes:lev:25:10]]. -* **the land will be returned** - AT: "he will return the land" +This can be made explicit. AT: "repay to the purchaser who bought it the money the purchaser would have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the year of Jubilee + +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land." See how you translated it in [Leviticus 25:10](./10.md). + +# the land will be returned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who had bought it will return the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will return to his property + +"will go back to his land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/29.md b/lev/25/29.md index 6d627468bb..8ebb644ba0 100644 --- a/lev/25/29.md +++ b/lev/25/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# after it was sold -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after he sold it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the right of redemption -* **after it was sold** - AT: "after he sold it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the right of redemption** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:lev:25:23]]. -* **if the house is not redeemed** - AT: "if he does not redeem the house" -* **That house is not to be returned** - AT: "He will not return that house" +The noun "redemption" can be expressed with the verbs "redeem" or "buy back." AT: "the right to redeem it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# If the house is not redeemed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If he or his family does not redeem the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# That house is not to be returned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The man who bought that house will not have to return it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the year of Jubilee + +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land and free slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/31.md b/lev/25/31.md index 6ba5dc3f96..ac16e0507a 100644 --- a/lev/25/31.md +++ b/lev/25/31.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But the houses of the villages that have no wall -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] +Some villages did not have a wall around them. -## translationNotes +# They may be redeemed, and they must be returned -* **They may be bought back, and they must be returned ** - AT: "You may buy them back, and the man who bought them must return them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You may buy back those houses, and those who bought them must return them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the year of Jubilee + +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land and free slaves" + +# the houses owned by the Levites in their cities + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the houses that the Levites own in their cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may be redeemed at any time + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Levites may redeem them at any time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/33.md b/lev/25/33.md index b1e40ad97c..92655b591d 100644 --- a/lev/25/33.md +++ b/lev/25/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the house that was sold in the city where it is located must be returned -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who bought the house in the city where it is located must return it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the year of Jubilee -* **the house that was sold in the city where it is located must be returned ** - AT: "the one who bought the house in the city where it is located it must return it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **may not be sold** - AT: "the Levites may not sell" +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land and free slaves" + +# their property among the people of Israel + +The land of Canaan was divided up among the people of Israel, but of that land, the Levites were only given 48 cities with the fields around them. AT: "their part of the land that the Israelites possessed" or "their property in the land of Israel" + +# But the fields around their cities may not be sold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the Levites must not sell the fields around their cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/35.md b/lev/25/35.md index f14ee23a2c..9c077973a9 100644 --- a/lev/25/35.md +++ b/lev/25/35.md @@ -1,25 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:profit|profit, profitable]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# Do not charge him interest -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **Do not charge him interest** - "Do no make a person pay you back more than what you lend to him" +"Do not make him pay you back more than what you lend him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/39.md b/lev/25/39.md index 65c3d907bc..70a4e8ec45 100644 --- a/lev/25/39.md +++ b/lev/25/39.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# you must not make him work like a slave. Treat him as a hired servant -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] +This means the owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would treat a slave. -## translationNotes +# the year of Jubilee -* **you must not make him work like a slave. Treat him as a hired servant** - This means the owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would a slave. +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land and free slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/42.md b/lev/25/42.md index 29a00c1f1c..07fb70e4b2 100644 --- a/lev/25/42.md +++ b/lev/25/42.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +God continues telling Moses what he must tell the people. -## translationNotes +# they are my servants -* **They will not be sold as slaves** - AT: "You will not buy or sell them as slaves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"your fellow countrymen are my servants" + +# They will not be sold as slaves + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not sell them as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you may buy slaves from them + +"you may buy slaves from those nations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/45.md b/lev/25/45.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6d925871fb..0000000000 --- a/lev/25/45.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance, heritage, heir]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. diff --git a/lev/25/47.md b/lev/25/47.md index ce6fa6eda5..6493449db9 100644 --- a/lev/25/47.md +++ b/lev/25/47.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# after your fellow Israelite has been bought, he may be bought back. Someone in his family may redeem him -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] - -## translationNotes - -* **after your fellow Israelite has been bought, he may be bought back. Someone in his family may redeem him** - AT: "after the foreigner buys your fellow Israelite, someone in the Israelite's family may buy him back" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after the foreigner buys your fellow Israelite, someone in the Israelite's family may buy him back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/49.md b/lev/25/49.md index 419b565cf3..2c23f7a306 100644 --- a/lev/25/49.md +++ b/lev/25/49.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# until the year of Jubilee -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] +An Israelite could be a slave only until the year of Jubilee. These instructions are for when an Israelite wanted to buy back his freedom before the year of Jubilee. -## translationNotes +# the year of Jubilee -* **The price of his redemption must be figured** - AT: "You must figure the price of his redemption" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in keeping with the rate paid to a hired servant** - AT: "according to the rate a person would pay a hired servant" -* **for the number of years he might continue to work for the one who bought him** - "for the number of years remaining until the next jubilee" +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land and to free slaves" + +# The price of his redemption must be figured + +The verb "figured" can be stated in active form. AT: "They must figure the price of his redemption" or "They must figure how much to pay for the foreigner to set the Israelite free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in keeping with the rate paid to a hired servant + +If the Israelite bought back his freedom, the foreigner would have to hire a servant to do the work that the Israelite would have done but will not. The verbs "paid" and "hired" can be expressed in active form. AT: "according to the rate a person would pay to hire a servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the number of years he might continue to work + +"for the number of years until the jubilee that the Israelite would have continued to work but will not" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/51.md b/lev/25/51.md index 1ccc5a228f..b7aabbf504 100644 --- a/lev/25/51.md +++ b/lev/25/51.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# he must pay back -* [[en:tw:redeem]] - -## translationNotes - -* **years** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]] +"the Israelite slave must pay back" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/53.md b/lev/25/53.md index 332f751c76..d081cef59a 100644 --- a/lev/25/53.md +++ b/lev/25/53.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He is to be treated -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The foreigner who bought him as a slave must treat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# he is not treated with harshness -* **He is to be treated ** - AT: "You must treat him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he is not treated with harshness** - AT: "no one treats him badly" -* **If he is not redeemed** - AT: "If no one redeems him" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one treats him badly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If he is not redeemed by these means + +This can be stated in active form, and who he is to be redeemed from can be stated clearly. AT: "If no one redeems him by these means from the one who bought him as a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by these means + +"in this way" + +# he must serve until the year of Jubilee, he and his children with him + +The Israelite slave and his children would serve the foreigner until the year of Jubilee, and then the foreigner would have to set the Israelite and his children free. + +# To me the people of Israel are servants + +"For it is to me that the people of Israel are servants." This is the reason that God wanted the Israelites to be set free in the year of jubilee. They were his servants. They were not permitted to be anyone else's permanent slave. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/intro.md b/lev/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc798b330f --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 25 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Over-farming ##### +There is a provision made in this chapter to prevent over-farming of the land. If a land is farmed every year with the same crops, it will quickly become unable to grow anything. + +##### Sabbath and Jubilee Years ##### + +Every seventh year, the land should not be planted. Every fiftieth year Israelite slaves must be freed and all land that has been bought returned to its original owners. This prevented people from getting trapped by their poverty. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/01.md b/lev/26/01.md index aa87f65c6a..87440edcd7 100644 --- a/lev/26/01.md +++ b/lev/26/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# keep my Sabbaths -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **keep my Sabbaths** - "obey the rules for my Sabbaths" +"obey the rules for my Sabbaths" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/03.md b/lev/26/03.md index 3d2a69f5d4..9d2d08e305 100644 --- a/lev/26/03.md +++ b/lev/26/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# walk in my laws and keep my commandments and obey them -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law, Law of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +These are three ways of saying the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything that God commands them to do. AT: "If you carefully obey my laws and commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# walk in my laws -* **walk in my laws and keep my commandments and obey them** - These are three ways of saying the same thing. They emphasize that the people need to do what God commands them to do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Behaving according to the laws is spoken of as if they were to walk in the laws. AT: "If you behave according to my laws" or "if you live according to my laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/05.md b/lev/26/05.md index c23e1affd4..0ef220cda4 100644 --- a/lev/26/05.md +++ b/lev/26/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# will eat your bread to the full -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] +Here bread represents food. "To the full" means until their stomachs were full of food. AT: "will eat food until you are full" or "will have plenty of food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I will give peace in the land -* **eat your bread to the full** - AT: "have plenty of food to eat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the sword will not pass through your land** - AT: "no armies will attack you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"I will cause there to be peace in the land" + +# the sword will not pass through your land + +Here the word "sword" represents enemy armies or enemy attacks. AT: "no armies will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/07.md b/lev/26/07.md index 71dd3368d9..d0cd6bb469 100644 --- a/lev/26/07.md +++ b/lev/26/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they will fall before you by the sword -* [[en:tw:adversary]] +Here "falling" represents dying, and "the sword" represents either attacking people with a sword or battle in general. AT: "they will die when you attack them with the sword" or "you will kill them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Five of you will chase away a hundred, and a hundred of you will chase ten thousand -* **they will fall before you by the sword** - AT: "you will kill them in battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Five of you will chase away a hundred, and a hundred of you will chase ten thousand** - This means the Israelites will have victory against larger armies. -* **Five...hundred...ten thousand** - "5...100...10,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This means the Israelites will have victory against larger armies. + +# Five ... hundred ... ten thousand + +"5 ... 100 ... 10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/09.md b/lev/26/09.md index 77f5c8a3ea..0b676100a8 100644 --- a/lev/26/09.md +++ b/lev/26/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will look at you with favor -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] +"I will show you favor" or "I will bless you" -## translationNotes +# make you fruitful and multiply you -* **look at you with favor** - "I will show you favor" or "I will bless you" (UDB) -* **make you fruitful and multiply you** - Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh will give them many children. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **You will eat food stored a long time** - "You will have enough food stored to eat for a long time" +These two phrases refer to God causing them to have many descendants so they become a large group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# make you fruitful + +God speaks of them having many children as if they were trees that bear a lot of fruit. AT: "cause you to have many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will eat food stored a long time + +"You will have enough food stored to eat for a long time" or "you will have enough food to store and eat it for a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/11.md b/lev/26/11.md index bbd57b229b..cb9e8212b7 100644 --- a/lev/26/11.md +++ b/lev/26/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will place my tabernacle among you -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +"I will put my dwelling place among you" -## translationNotes +# I will not detest you -* **I will place my tabernacle among you** - "I will put my dwelling place among you" -* **I will not detest you** - AT: "I will accept you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **I will walk among you** - "I will be with you" -* **I have broken the bars of your yoke and made you to walk standing up straight** - This means that Yahweh has freed the Israelites from slavery. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I will accept you" + +# I will walk among you + +Walking among them represents living with them. AT: "I will live with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have broken the bars of your yoke + +God speaks of their slavery as if they had to wear a yoke that animals wear in order to do hard work. Breaking the bars of the yoke represents setting them free. AT: "I have set you free from the hard labor they made you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/14.md b/lev/26/14.md index 92f20670d1..2654f7b867 100644 --- a/lev/26/14.md +++ b/lev/26/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh is telling Moses what will happen if the people do not obey his commands. +Yahweh is telling Moses what will happen if the people do not obey his commands. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/16.md b/lev/26/16.md index 071d789bc2..fa9e497ab6 100644 --- a/lev/26/16.md +++ b/lev/26/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# if you do these things -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:seed|seed]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] +The phrase "these things" refers to the things listed in [Leviticus 26:14-15](./14.md). -## translationNotes +# I will inflict terror on you -* **If you do these things** - "If you break my covenant and disobey my commands" -* **I will set my face against you** - "I will turn my face away from you." This means Yahweh will reject the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you will be overpowered by your enemies** - AT: "your enemies will defeat you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "terror" represents the things that will cause them to be terrified. AT: "I will send disasters that will terrify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will drain away your life + +"will slowly take away your life" or "will slowly make you die." It is the diseases and the fever that will do this. + +# You will plant your seeds for nothing + +The phrase "for nothing" means that they would get nothing from their work. AT: "You will plant your seeds in vain" or "You will plant your seeds, but you will not get anything from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will set my face against you + +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "I have made up my mind to oppose you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will be overpowered by your enemies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your enemies will defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/18.md b/lev/26/18.md index a4c8fb1418..e39829d7e8 100644 --- a/lev/26/18.md +++ b/lev/26/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# seven times -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Here "seven times" is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I will break your pride in your power -* **seven times** - Here, "seven times" is not literal. It means Yahweh will multiply how severely he will punish them. -* **I will break your pride in your power** - "I will punish you so that you no longer take pride in your own power" -* **I will make the sky over you like iron and your land like bronze** - This means Yahweh will stop the rain from falling from the sky. This will make the ground hard so that people cannot plant seed or grow crops. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Your strength will be used up for nothing** - AT: "Your hard work will be for nothing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Using force to cause them not to be proud is spoken of as if he were to break their pride. AT: "I will punish you and so end the pride that you feel about your power" or "I will punish you so that you will no longer be proud of your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make the sky over you like iron and your land like bronze + +This means God will stop the rain from falling from the sky. This will make the ground hard so that people cannot plant seed or grow crops. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Your strength will be used up for nothing + +Working very hard is spoken of as if they were to use all their strength until they had no more strength. The phrase "for nothing" means that they would get nothing from working so hard. AT: "You will work very hard in vain" or "You will work very hard, but you will not receive anything good from working so hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/21.md b/lev/26/21.md index ae0a487756..1ac8eb9025 100644 --- a/lev/26/21.md +++ b/lev/26/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# walk against me -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Walking represents behavior. Walking against God represents opposing him or rebelling against him. AT: "rebel against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will bring seven times more blows on you -* **walk against me** - AT: "rebel against me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will bring seven times more blows on you, in proportion to your sins** - "I will continue to increase your punishment even more than you increase your sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **So your roads will become deserted** - AT: "So no one will travel on your roads" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "blows" can be stated as the verb "hit." AT: "I will hit you seven times as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will bring seven times more blows on you + +Yahweh causing disasters to happen to the Israelites is spoken of as if he would strike them with blows or hit them. AT: "I will cause seven times as many disasters to come against you" or "I will punish you seven times more severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seven times + +Here "seven times" is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in proportion to your sins + +The noun "sins" can be expressed with the verb "sin." AT: "according to how much you have sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# which will steal your children + +Stealing represents attacking or attacking and dragging them away. AT: "which will attack your children" or "which will drag your children away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So your roads will become deserted + +"So no one will travel on your roads." Deserted means that there is no one there. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/23.md b/lev/26/23.md index 8a7343b196..64b6ab530e 100644 --- a/lev/26/23.md +++ b/lev/26/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# If in spite of these things -* [[en:tw:walk]] +"If when I punish you like this" or "If I discipline you like this and" -## translationNotes +# you still do not accept my correction -* **walk against me** - "rebel against me" or "oppose me" -* **I will also walk against you** - "I will oppose you" -* **I myself will hit you with even seven times more blows for your sins** - AT: "I myself will continue to increase your punishment for your sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Accepting his correction represents responding rightly to it. In this case responding rightly to it is choosing to obey him. AT: "you still do not listen to my correction" or "you still do not obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walk in opposition to me + +Walking represents behavior. Walking in opposition to him means opposing him or fighting against him. AT: "oppose me" or "fight against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will also walk in opposition to you + +Walking represents behavior. Walking in opposition to them means opposing them or fighting against them. AT: "I also will oppose you" or "I also will fight against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I myself will punish you seven times + +The number 7 represents completeness. AT: "I will personally punish you many times" or "I myself will punish you most severely" + +# because of your sins + +The noun "sins" can be expressed with the verb "sin." AT: "because you continue to sin against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/25.md b/lev/26/25.md index b5f8546a68..ed999f34b0 100644 --- a/lev/26/25.md +++ b/lev/26/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# I will bring a sword on you -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] +Here the word "sword" represents an army or an attack from an army. AT: "I will bring an enemy army against you" or "I will cause an enemy army to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# that will execute vengeance -* **I will bring a sword** - "I will bring an enemy army" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **You will be gathered together** - AT: "You will gather together" or "You will hide" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **then you will be defeated by the power of your of the enemy** - AT: "then your powerful enemy will defeat you" -* **When I cut off** - "When I remove" -* **they will distribute your bread by weight** - This means there will be so little food that they will have to measure how much each person gets. +"that will punish you" + +# for breaking the covenant + +"for disobeying the covenant" or "because you disobey the covenant" + +# You will be gathered together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will gather together" or "You will hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be delivered into the hand of your enemy + +Here "into the hand" means "into the control" and refers to defeat by their enemy. This can be stated in active form. AT: "your enemy will defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When I cut off your food supply + +Destroying the food that people have stored or stopping people from being able to get it is spoken of as cutting off the supply of food. AT: "When I destroy the food you have stored" or "When I stop you from being able to get food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ten women will be able to bake your bread in one oven + +This implies that there will be so little flour that one small oven will be able to hold all the bread that many women can put into it. + +# they will distribute your bread by weight + +This means there will be so little food that they will have to measure how much each person gets. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/27.md b/lev/26/27.md index 48c6b3b712..bd62a64b8d 100644 --- a/lev/26/27.md +++ b/lev/26/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# If you do not listen to me -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Listening represents obeying what he has said. AT: "If you do not obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to walk against me -* **walk against me** - "to rebel against me" or "to oppose me" -* **I will walk against you** - "I will oppose you" -* **I will punish you even seven more times as much for your sins** - AT: "I will continue to increase your punishment for your sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Walking represents behavior. Walking against someone represents opposing him or fighting against him. AT: "to oppose me" or "to fight against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will walk against you + +Walking represents behavior. Walking against someone represents opposing him or fighting against him. AT: "I will oppose you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will punish you even seven more times as much + +Here "seven more times" is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/29.md b/lev/26/29.md index c7842997e8..92f3c8b3fe 100644 --- a/lev/26/29.md +++ b/lev/26/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will destroy ... cut down ... throw your corpses -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] +Because God would send an army to do these things, he speaks as if he would do them. AT: "I will send an enemy army to destroy ... cut down ... throw your corpses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# your corpses -* **I will destroy…cut down…throw your corpses** - God will send an enemy army to do these things. -* **your corpses on the corpses of your idols** - "your dead bodies on the lifeless figures of your idols" (UDB) +"your dead bodies" + +# the corpses of your idols + +God speaks of idols not being alive as if they had been alive and then died. AT: "your lifeless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/31.md b/lev/26/31.md index 2b403b838e..dda90a4a40 100644 --- a/lev/26/31.md +++ b/lev/26/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will turn your cities into ruins and destroy your sanctuaries -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Because God would send armies to do these things, he speaks as if he would do them. AT: "I will send enemy armies to turn your cities into ruins and destroy your sanctuaries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# your sanctuaries -* **I will draw out my sword and follow you** - This means Yahweh will continue to cause the enemy army to punish his people. -* **Your land will be abandoned, and your cities will be ruined** - AT: "You will abandon your land, and your enemies will destroy your cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These were places where people worshiped idols instead of God. + +# I will not be pleased with the aroma of your offerings + +Normally the Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with those who burn the offering. But in this case, people would burn offerings, but God would not be pleased with them. AT: "You will burn offerings, but I will not be pleased with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will draw out my sword and follow you + +This represents sending armies to attack them. AT: "I will send enemy armies to attack you" or "I will send enemy armies to attack you with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your land will be abandoned, and your cities will be ruined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will abandon your land, and your enemies will destroy your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/34.md b/lev/26/34.md index ec1d02b2df..750bdabce2 100644 --- a/lev/26/34.md +++ b/lev/26/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the land will enjoy its Sabbaths -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh, dread]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] +The people were supposed to obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year. God speaks about this as if the land were a person that would obey the Sabbath law and rest. AT: "Then the land will rest according to the Sabbath law" or "Then, as required by the Sabbath law, the land will not be farmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# it will have rest -* **Then the land will enjoy its Sabbaths** - Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a person resting from work. This means that while the people are in exile no one will plant seed and grow crops. This allows the land to rest. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **so that even the sound of a leaf blowing in the wind will startle them** - This is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the people will become very afraid even of things that do not matter. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +God speaks about the land not being farmed as if it were a person that would rest. AT: "it will not be farmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will send fear into your hearts + +Sending fear into their hearts represents making them afraid. AT: "I will make you terribly afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as though you were fleeing from the sword + +The sword represents either someone who is ready to kill using a sword or an attack from an enemy army. AT: "as though you were fleeing from someone who was chasing you with a sword" or "as though you were fleeing from an enemy army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/37.md b/lev/26/37.md index a80ffebde2..98927a9a5b 100644 --- a/lev/26/37.md +++ b/lev/26/37.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +Yahweh continues describing what will happen to the Israelites when they are forced to go to their enemies' countries. -## translationNotes +# as though you were running from the sword -* Yahweh continues describing how frightened the Israelites will be while in exile. -* **your enemy's land will itself devour you** - Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a wild animal. This emphasizes that most of the Israelites will not survive in the land of their enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The sword represents either someone who is ready to kill using a sword or an attack from an enemy army. AT: "as though you were running away from someone who was chasing you with a sword" or "as though you were running away from an enemy army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to stand before your enemies + +Standing before the enemies represents not falling when the enemies attack and fighting against them. AT: "to resist your enemies when they attack you" or "to fight back against your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your enemies' land will itself devour you + +Yahweh speaks about the the enemies' land as if it were a wild animal that would eat the Israelites. The word "devour" emphasizes that most of the Israelites will die there. AT: "you will die in your enemies' land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Those who are left among you + +"Those of you who do not die" + +# waste away in their sins + +Wasting away in their sins represents wasting away because of their sins. + +# their fathers' sins + +Here "their fathers" represents their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/40.md b/lev/26/40.md index b5694277be..61ac9b03b5 100644 --- a/lev/26/40.md +++ b/lev/26/40.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# their fathers' sin -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The word "fathers" represents their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# their treason by which they were unfaithful to me -* **walking against me** - AT: "rebelling against me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to turn against them** - AT: "to stop helping them" or "to oppose them" -* **and give them over** - "and to send them" -* **if their uncircumcised hearts become humbled** - AT: "if they will be humble instead of stubbornly disobedient" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **then will I call to mind my covenant with Jacob, my covenant with Isaac, and my covenant with Abraham** - "then I will fulfill the covenant I made with Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham" -* **I will call the land to mind** - AT: "I will fulfill my promise about the land" + + +# walking against me + +Walking represents behavior. Walking against God represents opposing him or rebelling against him. AT: "opposing me" or "rebelling against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to turn against them + +This represents opposing them. AT: "to oppose them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if their uncircumcised hearts become humbled + +Here the term "uncircumcised hearts" refers to the whole person. AT: "if they will be humble instead of stubbornly disobedient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# then will I call to mind my covenant with Jacob, my covenant with Isaac, and my covenant with Abraham + +"Call to mind" is an idiom meaning "intentionally remember." Here it represents fulfilling his covenant. AT: "then I will fulfill the covenant I made with Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will call the land to mind + +"Call to mind" is an idiom meaning "intentionally remember." Here it represents fulfilling his promise concerning the land. AT: "I will fulfill my promise about the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/43.md b/lev/26/43.md index d71883c78e..f90829609a 100644 --- a/lev/26/43.md +++ b/lev/26/43.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The land will be abandoned by them -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Israel will abandon their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# so it will be pleased with its Sabbaths -* **The land will be abandoned by them** - AT: "The people of Israel will abandon their land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **so it will be pleased with its Sabbaths** - Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a person who is happy about resting. This means while the people are in exile no one will plant seed or grow crops. This allows the land to rest. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a person who is happy about resting, because no one will be planting seed or growing crops on it. This will allow the land to become more fertile. AT: "so it will benefit from the Sabbaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/44.md b/lev/26/44.md index 5faf78b670..76c227d202 100644 --- a/lev/26/44.md +++ b/lev/26/44.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This concludes Yahweh's message to Moses at Mount Sinai regarding the blessings for obedience and the punishments for disobedience. -## translationNotes +# I will call to mind the covenant with their ancestors -* This concludes Yahweh's message to Moses at Mount Sinai regarding the blessings for obedience and the punishments for disobedience. -* **I will call to mind** - "I will fulfill" -* **in the sight of the nations** - AT: "in the sight of the people of the nations" or "to show my power to the people of the nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Call to mind" is an idiom meaning "intentionally remember." Here it represents fulfilling his covenant. AT: "I will fulfill the covenant with their ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the sight of the nations + +This represents the knowledge of the nations. AT: "in the knowledge of the nations" or "and the nations knew about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations + +This represents the people of the nations. AT: "the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/46.md b/lev/26/46.md deleted file mode 100644 index bd572eac7e..0000000000 --- a/lev/26/46.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this verse. diff --git a/lev/26/intro.md b/lev/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98bcf71e67 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 26 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worship only Yahweh ##### + +If people obey God and worship only him, he will bless and protect them. If people disobey his law and if they worship other gods, then he will severely punish them to help them to repent and begin obeying him. This takes the form of a promise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/01.md b/lev/27/01.md index 6b4e77731c..73091197d9 100644 --- a/lev/27/01.md +++ b/lev/27/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If anyone makes a special vow to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +In this case the vow would involve giving oneself or another person to God. This can be stated clearly. AT: "If anyone vows to give someone to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# use the following valuations -* **When a man…use the following values** - 'If a man solemnly promises to set apart another person to belong only to Yahweh, Yahweh will be willing to set that person free from having to do that if the responsible man pays the priest an amount of money. The priest must calculate the amount of money in terms of the silver coins that they use in Yahweh's sacred tent.' (UDB) +Instead of giving the person, he would give the Lord a certain amount of silver. AT "use the following values as your gift to the Lord in place of the person" or "give the Lord the following amounts of silver instead of the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/03.md b/lev/27/03.md index 211d264e64..8679c20b92 100644 --- a/lev/27/03.md +++ b/lev/27/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Your standard value -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] +"The amount to pay" or "You must pay" -## translationNotes +# twenty ... sixty ... fifty ... thirty -* **Your standard value** - "The amount to pay" -* **twenty...sixty...fifty...thirty** - "20...60...50...30" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **years** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]] -* **shekel** - This is about 11 grams in weight. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **after the shekel of the sanctuary** - This refers to the official value of the shekel. +"20 ... 60 ... 50 ... 30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fifty shekels of silver + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "fifty pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams" or "five hundred grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# after the shekel of the sanctuary + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. It weighed about 11 grams. AT: "Use the kind of shekel that is used in the sanctuary" or "When you weigh the silver, use the weight that is used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# thirty shekels + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "thirty pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams" or "three hundred grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/05.md b/lev/27/05.md index 53ece7700d..9b6bd1387a 100644 --- a/lev/27/05.md +++ b/lev/27/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# five ... twenty ... ten ... three -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"5 ... 20 ... 10 ... 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# your standard value -* **five...twenty...ten...three** - "5...20...10...3" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **month** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]] -* **your standard value** - "the amount to pay" +"the amount to pay" or "you must pay" + +# twenty shekels + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "twenty pieces of silver" or "two hundred grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# for the female ten shekels + +The phrases "of that age" and "your standard value must be" are left out, but are meant to be understood. AT: "for the female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# ten shekels + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "ten pieces of silver" or "one hundred grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# five shekels of silver + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "five pieces of silver" or "fifty grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# three shekels + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "three pieces of silver" or "thirty grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/07.md b/lev/27/07.md index 33365c28d7..cce8589302 100644 --- a/lev/27/07.md +++ b/lev/27/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# sixty years old and up -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] +"sixty years old and older" -## translationNotes +# sixty ... fifteen ... ten -* **sixty years old and up** - "sixty years old and older" -* **sixty...fifteen...ten** - "60...15...10" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the person being given must be presented to the priest** - AT "then he must present to the priest the person he is giving" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"60 ... 15 ... 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fifteen shekels + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "fifteen pieces of silver" or "150 grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# for a female ten shekels + +The phrases "of that age" and "your standard value must be" are left out, but are meant to be understood. AT: "for a female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the person being given must be presented to the priest + +This can be stated in active form. AT "he must present to the priest the person he is giving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/09.md b/lev/27/09.md index 459b40268b..18d5618acb 100644 --- a/lev/27/09.md +++ b/lev/27/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# set apart to him -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **belong fully to him** - "belong fully to Yahweh" -* **then both it and the one for which it is exchanged become holy** - AT: "then both animals become holy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"set apart to Yahweh" + +# both it and the one for which it is exchanged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "both it and the one he exchanges it for" or the animals can be referred to simply as "both animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/11.md b/lev/27/11.md index 3dcf796f41..c3ad3399fd 100644 --- a/lev/27/11.md +++ b/lev/27/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# is in fact unclean, so that Yahweh will not accept it -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +If Yahweh will not accept a certain animal as an offering, the animal is spoken of as if it were physically dirty. It may be unclean because it is a certain kind of animal or because it has a defect. AT: "is in fact one that Yahweh will not accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# market value -* **market value** - the value which that animal is normally worth when someone buys or sells it +This is the value the animal is normally worth when someone buys or sells it. + +# wishes to redeem it + +"wishes to buy it back" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/14.md b/lev/27/14.md index 2299fc8fb8..615d702602 100644 --- a/lev/27/14.md +++ b/lev/27/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# he must add a fifth of its value to its redemption price -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify|sanctify, sanctification]] - -## translationNotes - -* **a man desires to sanctify** - "a man wants to set apart" -* **then a fifth of its value is to be added** - AT: "then he must add a fifth of its value" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +A "fifth" is a part of something that is divided into five equal parts. AT: "he must divide the value of the house into five equal parts, add the amount equal to one of those parts, and pay all of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/16.md b/lev/27/16.md index 3a86b20c88..c327a0971a 100644 --- a/lev/27/16.md +++ b/lev/27/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the amount of seed required to plant it -* [[en:tw:barley]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the amount of seed a person would need to plant it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a homer of barley will be valued at -* **then the estimation of its value will be made in keeping with the amount of seed required to plant it** - AT: "then he will estimate its value based on the amount of seed a person would need to plant it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **One homer of barley will be valued at** - AT: "The value of one homer of barley is" -* **homer** - A homer is 220 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **fifty shekels** - "50 shekels" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +Here "a homer of barley" represents a piece of land that would need one homer of barley in order to plant on all of it. AT: "a piece of land that requires one homer of barley in order to plant all of it will be valued at" or 'the value of land that requires one homer of barley will be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# homer + +A homer is 220 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# fifty shekels of silver + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two way of doing it. AT: "fifty pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams" or "five hundred grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/17.md b/lev/27/17.md index fbeca8f161..686534a012 100644 --- a/lev/27/17.md +++ b/lev/27/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the year of Jubilee -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] +This occurs every 50 years. See how you translated "Jubilee" in [Leviticus 25:10](../25/10.md). -## translationNotes +# the valuation of it will stand -* **year of jubilee** - This occurs every 50 years. See how you translated "jubilee" in [[en:bible:notes:lev:25:10]]. -* **year** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]] -* **the estimated value must be reduced** - AT: "he must reduce the estimated value for each year that has passed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Stand" represents "remain" or "remain the same." AT: "its value will remain the same" or "its value will be the full amount" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the valuation of it must be reduced + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must reduce the estimated value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/19.md b/lev/27/19.md index 5ebdd38a0e..4d6af0b5eb 100644 --- a/lev/27/19.md +++ b/lev/27/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# it cannot be redeemed any more -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gift|gift]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he can no longer buy it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# If he does not redeem the field -* **it cannot be redeemed any more** - AT: "he can no longer buy it back" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when it is released in the jubilee** - AT: "when all debts are removed, when the year of Jubilee comes, and all land is returned to the original owner, then the land" -* **like the field that has been given completely to Yahweh** - AT: "like the field that a person has completely devoted to Yahweh" +The time for redeeming the field can be stated clearly. AT: If he does not redeem the field before the year of Jubilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the year of Jubilee + +"in the year of restoration" or "the year for you to return land and free slaves." This was a year when the Jews had to return land to its original owners and set slaves free See how you translated it in [Leviticus 25:13](../25/13.md) + +# that has been completely given to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that someone has completely given to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/22.md b/lev/27/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0f5ff625f9..0000000000 --- a/lev/27/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. diff --git a/lev/27/24.md b/lev/27/24.md index 58ad16a204..d6580eb62f 100644 --- a/lev/27/24.md +++ b/lev/27/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the man from whom it was bought ... the land's owner -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +These two phases refer to the same person. Normally the land would be bought from its owner. -## translationNotes +# the man from whom it was bought -* **to the man from whom it was bought, to the land's owner** - AT: "to the land's original owner from whom the man bought it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **All the estimated values must be set** - AT: "The priests must determine the estimated values" -* **by the weight of the sanctuary shekel** - This refers to the official value of the shekel. -* **shekel** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]] -* **Twenty gerahs** - "20 gerahs." This equals one shekel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man who sold it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All the valuations must be set + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The priests must determine the estimated values" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# Twenty gerahs must be the equivalent of one shekel + +The purpose of this sentence is to tell how much the sanctuary shekel weighs. The gerah was the smallest unit of weight that the Israelites used. AT: "One shekel must equal twenty gerahs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# Twenty gerahs must be the equivalent of one shekel + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here is a way to do it. AT: "One shekel must weigh ten grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/26.md b/lev/27/26.md index 29e33830f4..417b8f08ac 100644 --- a/lev/27/26.md +++ b/lev/27/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# No one may set apart -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:unclean|unclean, uncleanness]] +"No one may set apart to Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# a fifth must be added to that value -* **Only the firstborn among animals, because the firstborn already belongs to Yahweh, no man can sanctify it** - "No one may set apart the firstborn among animals, since the firstborn already belongs to Yahweh" -* **and a fifth must be added to that value** - AT: "and he must add a fifth to that value" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **If the animal is not redeemed, then it is to be sold at the set value** - AT: "If the person does not buy back the animal, then the priest may sell it at the set value" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must add a fifth to that value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If the animal is not redeemed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If the person does not buy back the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it is to be sold at the set value + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priest must sell it at the set value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/28.md b/lev/27/28.md index f1add01e75..c6ccb9bfc4 100644 --- a/lev/27/28.md +++ b/lev/27/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# nothing that a man devotes to Yahweh, from all that he has, whether human or animal, or his family land, may be sold or redeemed -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:ransom|ransom]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one may sell or redeem anything a man has devoted to Yahweh, from all that he has, whether it is a human, an animal, or his family land" or "If a man devotes to Yahweh anything he has, whether human or animal, or his family land, no one may sell or redeem it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Everything that is devoted is very holy to Yahweh -* **nothing dedicated to Yahweh by a man from anything he has, whether human or animal, or his family land, may be sold or redeemed. Every dedicated thing is holy to Yahweh** - AT: "if someone dedicates anything he has to Yahweh, whether a human, an animal, or his family land, no one may sell it or redeem it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **No person who is set apart to be destroyed from among the population may be ransomed** - "If Yahweh determines that a person should die because of his sin, no one may pay to set him free" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Everything that anyone devotes to Yahweh is very holy to Yahweh" + +# No ransom may be paid + +This can be stated in active form. "No one may pay a ransom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the person who is devoted for destruction + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for any person whom Yahweh has devoted to destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the person who is devoted for destruction + +Why a person would be devoted to destruction can be stated clearly. AT: "for any person whom Yahweh has determined should die because of his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# That person must be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must put that person to death" or "you must kill that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/30.md b/lev/27/30.md index 95902fe9c8..138b03bd9e 100644 --- a/lev/27/30.md +++ b/lev/27/30.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# If a man redeems any of his tithe -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +"If a man wants to buy back any of his tithe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/32.md b/lev/27/32.md index 9d8ce67005..413b2533f5 100644 --- a/lev/27/32.md +++ b/lev/27/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# whatever passes under the shepherd's rod -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:rod|rod]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] +This refers to the the way they would count their animals. AT: "when you count your animals by raising your shepherd rod and having them walk under it to the other side" or "when you count the animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# one-tenth must be set apart to Yahweh -* **whatever passes under the shepherd's rod** - AT: "When a shepherd counts them to decide which ones he will give to me," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **one tenth must be separated apart for Yahweh** - AT: "he must separate one tenth for Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **then both it and that for which it is changed** - AT: "then both animals" -* **It cannot be redeemed** - AT: "He cannot buy them back" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must set apart one-tenth to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one-tenth + +"every tenth animal" + +# then both it and that for which it is changed + +"then both animals" + +# It cannot be redeemed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He cannot redeem it" or "He cannot buy it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/34.md b/lev/27/34.md index 75628f65b3..ce64851075 100644 --- a/lev/27/34.md +++ b/lev/27/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# These are the commandments -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:sinai|Sinai, Mount Sinai]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this verse. +This is a summary statement. It refers to the commandments that were given in the past chapters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/intro.md b/lev/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f8983a7ba4 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Dedicated to Yahweh ##### + +This chapter records the manner in which people make vows of dedication to Yahweh. There are many reasons why a person would dedicate something to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/front/intro.md b/lev/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c7107b0cb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Introduction to Leviticus # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Leviticus #### + +1. The Law of Sacrifices (1:1–7:8) + - Burnt offerings (1:1–17) + - Meal offerings (2:1–16) + - Peace offerings (3:1–17); + - Sin offerings for unintentional sins (4:1-5:13) + - Trespass offerings (5:14–6:7); + - Offerings for the priests and constant offerings (6:8–23) + - Wave offerings, heave offerings (6:24–7:27) +1. Setting apart the Priests (8:10–10:20) + - The account of the ordaining of Aaron and his sons (8:1–36) + - Aaron as high priest (9:1–24) + - The account of the punishment of Nadab and Abihu (10:1–20) +1. Laws of Separation and Defilement (11:1–15:33) + - Clean and unclean food (11:1–47); + - Purification after giving birth to a child (12:1–8) + - Leprosy (13:1–14:47) + - Purification and cleansing of bodily fluids (15:1–33) +1. Day of Atonement and the place of the offering and the nature of blood (16:1–17:16) +1. Holiness and setting apart for worship and service; setting apart and being disqualified from service (desecration), (18:1–24:1–23) +1. One year in seven, rest and restoration; Year of Jubilee, one year in fifty, (25:1–55) +1. Blessing for obedience and curses for disobedience, (26:1–46) +1. Payment of promises; giving the tithe (27:1–34) + +#### What is the book of Leviticus about? #### + +Leviticus sets forth the requirements that Yahweh presented to the Israelites that they should obey for keeping their part of his covenant with them. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"Leviticus" means "about the Levites," that is, about the tribe of Levi, the Israelite tribe that was to provide the priests and other workers in the tabernacle and, later, in the temple. Unless the people in the project language already understand the term "Levites," it will probably be better to create a title such as, "The Book about the Priests" or "The Book about the Tabernacle Workers." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the book of Leviticus? #### + +The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Leviticus. + +#### What is the meaning of "holy" and "holiness" in the book of Leviticus? #### + +These terms concern the separation of someone or something from the rest of the people, from the world, or from ordinary use, to belong only to God. The places for worshiping God or for honoring him in any way were considered to be separate from any other possible use. God required the Israelites to live in a certain way in order to live as a nation belonging to him alone. To be "clean" was therefore to be acceptable to God. + +In the same way, anyone or anything "unclean" was not acceptable to God, because it was not "holy," that is, not fit for him to accept. + +Some people and some things could be made clean or "cleansed," that is, acceptable to God, if the people performed the right sacrifices and ceremonies. This was true for foreigners who wished to live among the Israelites and worship Yahweh. However, there were other people and things that could never be made acceptable to him. + +It is important to know that not all unclean things or conditions were actually sinful. For example, after giving birth to a male child, a woman would be unclean for thirty-three days, until the suitable animal sacrifice could be offered for her. It was the flow of blood that made the woman unclean (See: [Leviticus 12:7](../12/07.md)), but it is never suggested that someone with a flow of blood was sinning. In the same way, it was forbidden to eat many animals because God considered them to be unfit for the people to eat or to sacrifice to himself, not because those animals were sinful. + +Because God is without sin, the terms "holy" and "holiness" often signal this same idea. Something belonging to God must be treated well out of respect for God and for his moral standards. + +#### What are the the important narrative features of Leviticus? #### + +On seventeen occasions, the phrase "The Lord said to Moses" (and Aaron), is often used to begin paragraphs. God and Moses frequently speak to others. The verb "speak" is used thirty-eight times. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why did the Israelites need an elaborate sacrificial system? #### + +Leviticus shows that God is holy, that is, very different than humanity and the rest of the created world. He is free from sin. Because of this, it is impossible to be acceptable to him without being "cleansed." The system of sacrifices was meant to make people and things acceptable to God. However, the people's need to become ritually acceptable to God pointed to a further need to be acceptable on the true spiritual level, that is, the need to be truly freed from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Why was the priesthood important in the book of Leviticus? #### + +Priests were individuals who acted as go-betweens the people and God. They were the persons whom God authorized to present the Israelite's sacrifices to himself. + +#### How was the Israelite sacrificial system different than the sacrificial rituals of other nations in the ancient Near East? #### + +It was common for other nations to sacrifice animals to their idols, but also to practice other kinds of rituals, such as sacred prostitution, in order to persuade the gods to bless their land with the ability to grow crops. Moreover, human sacrifice was by no means unknown. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What important symbols are introduced in Leviticus? #### + +Oil was poured on someone or something meant to be set apart for Yahweh's service. Water was used to symbolize the cleansing of someone or something in order to become acceptable to God. Blood was also used for cleansing and purification because it represented life which needed to be shed for sin. + +#### Why do many sections begin with the phrase "Yahweh said to Moses?" #### + +This phrase shows the reader that these rules ultimately come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as "God told Moses." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/01.md b/luk/01/01.md index afaba0722a..311f04ab5f 100644 --- a/luk/01/01.md +++ b/luk/01/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Luke explains why he writes to Theophilus. -## translationNotes +# to set in order a narrative -* **accounts** - "reports" or "true stories" -* **us** - The word "us" in this section may or may not exclude Theophilus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **eyewitnesses** - "observers" or "watchers" -* **had become servants of the word** - AT: "had served God by telling people his message" or "had taught people the good news about Jesus" -* **reported them to us** - The "us" in this phrase is exclusive. It does not include Theophilus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **investigated everything accurately** - This means he was careful to find out exactly what happened. He probably talked to the different people who saw what happened to make sure that what he wrote down about these events was correct. Another way to translate this would be "carefully researched everything that happened" -* **most excellent** - Luke said this to show honor and respect for Theophilus. This manner of address may also mean that Theophilus was an important government official. Other ways to translate this would be "honorable" or "noble" Some people may prefer to also put this greeting at the beginning and say "To…..Theophilus" or "Dear… Theophilus" -* **Theophilus** - This name means "friend of God." It may describe this man's character or it may have been his actual name. Most translations have it as a name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"to write a narrative" or "to write an account" + +# about those matters that have been fulfilled among us + +"about those things that have happened among us" or "about those events that have happened among us" + +# among us + +No one knows for sure who Theophilus was. If he was a Christian, the word "us" here would include him and so be inclusive, and if not, it would be exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# they handed them to us + +Here "handed them" is a metaphor for telling about the events. AT: "they told them to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# handed them to us + +The word "us" in this phrase does not include Theophilus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# handed them + +"gave them" or "delivered them" + +# servants of the message + +You may need to specify what the message is. AT: "have served God by telling people his message" or "have taught people the good news about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# accurately investigated + +"carefully researched." Luke was careful to find out exactly what happened. He probably talked to the different people who saw what happened to make sure that what he wrote down about these events was correct. + +# most excellent Theophilus + +Luke said this to show honor and respect for Theophilus. This may mean that Theophilus was an important government official. This section should use the style that your culture uses to address people of high status. Some people may prefer to also put this greeting at the beginning and say, "To ... Theophilus" or "Dear ... Theophilus." + +# most excellent + +"honorable" or "noble" + +# Theophilus + +This name means "friend of God." It may describe this man's character or it may have been his actual name. Most translations have it as a name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/05.md b/luk/01/05.md index aec5e1a156..321c179c75 100644 --- a/luk/01/05.md +++ b/luk/01/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:abijah]] -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:elizabeth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:herodthegreat]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahnt]] +The angel prophesies the birth of John. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **In the days of Herod, king of Judea** - "During the time that King Herod ruled over Judea" -* **Judea** - AT: "the region of Judea" or "the people who lived in Judea" -* **there was a certain** - This is a way of introducing an important character in a story. Consider how your language does this. "there was a particular" or "there was a" -* **division** - AT: "division of priests" or "group of priests" -* **of Abijah** - Abijah was an ancestor of this group of priests and all of them were descended from Aaron, who was the first Israelite priest. "who descended from Abijah" -* **His wife** - "Zechariah's wife" -* **was also from the daughters of** - "was also descended from Aaron" or AT: "Zechariah and his wife Elizabeth were both descended from Aaron" -* **before God** - "in God's sight" or "in God's opinion" -* **walking ** - "obeying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **all the Lord's commandments and requirements** - AT: "all that the Lord had commanded and required" -* **But** - This contrast word shows that what follows here is the opposite of what is expected. People expected that if they did what was right, God would allow them to have children. Although this couple did what was right, they did not have any children. +Zechariah and Elizabeth are introduced. These verses give background information about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# In the days of Herod, king of Judea + +The phrase "In the day of" is used to indicate a new event. AT: "During the time that King Herod ruled over Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# there was a certain + +"there was a particular" or "there was a." This is a way of introducing a new character in a story. Consider how your language does this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# division + +It is understood that this refers to the priests. AT: "division of priests" or "group of priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# of Abijah + +"who descended from Abijah." Abijah was an ancestor of this group of priests and all of them were descended from Aaron, who was the first Israelite priest. + +# His wife was from the daughters of Aaron + +"His wife was descended from Aaron." This means she was from the same line of priests as Zechariah. AT: "His wife was also descended from Aaron" or "Zechariah and his wife Elizabeth were both descended from Aaron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the daughters of Aaron + +"descended from Aaron" + +# before God + +"in God's sight" or "in God's opinion" + +# all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord + +"all that the Lord had commanded and required" + +# But + +This contrast word shows that what follows here is the opposite of what is expected. People expected that if they did what was right, God would allow them to have children. Although this couple did what was right, they did not have any children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/08.md b/luk/01/08.md index 93e3b3fcdf..cab1aa30fe 100644 --- a/luk/01/08.md +++ b/luk/01/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Now it came about -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This phrase is used to mark a shift in the story from the background information to the participants. -## translationNotes +# Zechariah was in God's presence, carrying out the priestly duties -* **before God** - "in God's presence" For clarity, some translators might want to add the implied information "in the temple at Jerusalem" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **their custom** - "their tradition" or "their usual way of making important decisions" -* **chose him by lot** - A lot was a marked stone that was thrown or rolled on the ground in order to help them decide something. The priests believed that God guided the lot to show them which priest he wanted them to choose. (See: [[:en:ta:customs:religious:bylot]]) -* **the whole assembly of the people** - "a large number of people" or "many people" -* **outside** - AT: “outside the temple building" or "in the courtyard outside the temple" The courtyard was the enclosed area surrounding the temple. +It is implied that Zechariah was in God's temple and that these priestly duties were part of worshiping God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the order of his division + +"when it was his group's turn" or "when the time came for his group to serve" + +# According to the customary way of choosing which priest would ... burn incense + +This sentence gives us information about priestly duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the customary way + +"the traditional method" or "their usual way" + +# chosen by lot + +A lot was a marked stone that was thrown or rolled on the ground in order to help them decide something. The priests believed that God guided the lot to show them which priest he wanted them to choose. + +# to burn incense + +The priests were to burn sweet-smelling incense as an offering to God each morning and evening on a special altar inside the temple. + +# The whole crowd of people + +"A large number of people" or "Many people" + +# outside + +The courtyard was the enclosed area surrounding the temple. AT: "outside the temple building" or "in the courtyard outside the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# at the hour + +"at the set time." It is unclear if this was the morning or evening time for the incense offering. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/11.md b/luk/01/11.md index 6cb0a2ee31..5ac6e9028b 100644 --- a/luk/01/11.md +++ b/luk/01/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:altarofincense]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +While Zechariah does his duty in the temple, an angel comes from God to give him a message. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **of the Lord ** - "from the Lord" or "who was sent by the Lord" -* **appeared to him** - "suddenly came to him" or "was suddenly there with Zechariah" -* **Your prayer has been heard ** - "God has heard what you asked" The following is implied and could be added: "and will grant it." God did not just hear what Zechariah prayed for; he was also going to do it. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **will call his name John** - “will give him the name John” or “will name him John” +This word marks the beginning of the action in the story. + +# appeared to him + +"suddenly came to him" or "was suddenly there with Zechariah." This expresses that the angel was present with Zechariah, and not simply a vision. + +# Zechariah ... was terrified ... fear fell on him + +These two phrases mean the same thing, and emphasize how afraid Zechariah was. + +# When Zechariah saw him + +"when Zechariah saw the angel." The source of the fear was the frightening nature of the angel. Zechariah had not done anything wrong. + +# fear fell on him + +Fear is described as if it was something that attacked or overpowered Zechariah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not be afraid + +"Stop being afraid of me" or "You do not need to be afraid of me" + +# your prayer has been heard + +"God has heard what you asked." The following is implied and could be added: "and will grant it." God did not just hear what Zechariah prayed for; he was also going to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bear you a son + +"have a son for you" or "give birth to your son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/14.md b/luk/01/14.md index 2f132c5a8f..ea6b1893b1 100644 --- a/luk/01/14.md +++ b/luk/01/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +"Because" or "In addition to this" -## translationNotes +# You will have joy and gladness -* The angel continues speaking to Zechariah -* **For** - "Because" or "In addition to this" -* **he will be great in the sight of the Lord** - AT: "he will do very important things for the Lord" -* **He will be filled with the Holy Spirit** - “The Holy Spirit will empower him” or “The Holy Spirit will guide him” Make sure it does not sound similar to what an evil spirit might do to a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **even while in his mother's womb** - The word “even” here indicates that this is especially surprising news. People had been filled with the Holy Spirit before, but no one had heard of an unborn baby's being filled with the Holy Spirit. +The words "joy" and "gladness" mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how great the joy will be. AT: "you will have great joy" or "you will be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# at his birth + +"because of his birth" + +# he will be great in the sight of the Lord + +"he will be a very important person for the Lord" or "God will consider him to be very important" + +# he will be filled with the Holy Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Holy Spirit will empower him" or "the Holy Spirit will guide him." Make sure it does not sound similar to what an evil spirit might do to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from his mother's womb + +"even while he is in his mother's womb" or "even before he is born" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/16.md b/luk/01/16.md index dd12b452e8..c1c5bd16d8 100644 --- a/luk/01/16.md +++ b/luk/01/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Many of the people of Israel -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +If it sounds as though this does not include Zechariah, this phrase could be translated as "Many of you descendants of Israel" or "Many of you who are God's people, Israel." If this change is made, make sure that "their God" is also changed to "your (plural) God." -## translationNotes +# be turned -* This concludes the angel's speech to Zechariah. -* **many of the sons of Israel** - If it sounds as though Zechariah is not included, this phrase could be translated as "many of you descendants of Israel" or "many of you who are God's people, Israel." If this change is made, make sure that "their God" is also changed to "your (plural) God." -* **in advance of him** - He would go to announce to the people that the Lord would come to them. -* **in the spirit and power of Elijah** - "with the same spirit and power that Elijah had" The word "spirit" either refers to God's Holy Spirit or to Elijah's attitude or way of thinking. Make sure that the word "spirit" does not mean ghost or evil spirit. -* **turn the hearts of the fathers to their children** - AT: "persuade fathers to care about their children again" or "cause fathers to restore their relationships with their children" This would also apply to mothers, but only father's are named. -* **the disobedient to walk** - "the disobedient to act" or "the disobedient to live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **prepared for the Lord** - This could be translated as "ready to believe the Lord's message" or "ready to obey the Lord." +"be turned back" or "return" + +# will go before the face of the Lord + +He would go in advance to announce to the people that the Lord would come to them. + +# before the face of + +Here, "face of" is an idiom that refers to the Lord's presence. It is sometimes omitted in translation. AT: "before." + +# in the spirit and power of Elijah + +"with the same spirit and power that Elijah had." The word "spirit" either refers to God's Holy Spirit or to Elijah's attitude or way of thinking. Make sure that the word "spirit" does not mean ghost or evil spirit. + +# turn the hearts of the fathers to the children + +"persuade fathers to care about their children again" or "cause fathers to restore their relationships with their children" + +# turn the hearts + +The heart is spoken of as if it is something that can be turned to go in a different direction. This refers to changing someone's attitude toward something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the disobedient will walk + +"walk" is a metaphor for the way a person lives and acts. AT: "the disobedient will act" or "the disobedient will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the disobedient + +"people who do not obey" + +# make ready for the Lord + +It is not stated how they will be ready. This implied information could be added. AT: "make ready to believe the Lord's message" or "make ready to obey the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/18.md b/luk/01/18.md index a08a3559bd..59c90546ca 100644 --- a/luk/01/18.md +++ b/luk/01/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# How can I know this? -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:gabriel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahnt]] +"How can I know for sure that what you said will happen?" Here, "know" means to learn by experience, suggesting Zechariah was asking for a sign as proof. AT: "What can you do to prove to me that this will happen?" -## translationNotes +# I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God -* **How will I know this will happen** - AT: "How can I know for sure that what you said will happen?" -* **believe my words** - "believe what I said" -* **at the proper time** - “at the right time” or “at the appointed time” +This is stated as a rebuke to Zechariah. The presence of Gabriel, coming directly from God, should be enough proof for Zechariah. + +# who stands + +"who serves" + +# I was sent to speak to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God sent me to speak to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# silent, unable to speak + +These mean the same thing, and are repeated to emphasize the completeness of his silence. AT: "completely unable to speak" or "not able to speak at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# not believe my words + +"not believe what I said" + +# at the right time + +"at the appointed time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/21.md b/luk/01/21.md index 9f72505ce9..1ba5fc9358 100644 --- a/luk/01/21.md +++ b/luk/01/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +This marks a shift in the story from what happened inside the temple to what happened outside. AT: "While that was happening" or "While the angel and Zechariah were talking" -## translationNotes +# They realized that he had seen a vision while he was in the temple. He kept on making signs to them and remained silent -* **Meanwhile** - AT: "And" or AT: "While the angel and Zechariah were talking" -* **the people were waiting for Zechariah and wondering why he stayed so long in the temple** - This could also be translated with a direct quote: "the people were waiting for Zechariah, and they wondered, 'Why is he staying so long in the temple?'" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **came out** - AT: "came out of the temple building." +These things probably happened at the same time, and Zechariah's signs helped the people understand that he had had a vision. It might be helpful to your audience to change the order to show that. AT: "He kept on making signs to them and remained silent. So they realized that he had seen a vision while he was in the temple" + +# a vision + +The earlier description indicated that Gabriel actually came to Zechariah in the temple. The people, not knowing that, assumed Zechariah saw a vision. + +# It came about + +This phrase moves the story ahead to when Zechariah's service was ended. + +# he went to his house + +Zechariah did not live in Jerusalem, where the temple was located. He traveled to his home town. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/24.md b/luk/01/24.md index c4f22e74af..976beea741 100644 --- a/luk/01/24.md +++ b/luk/01/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# After these days -* [[en:tw:conceive]] -* [[en:tw:disgrace]] -* [[en:tw:elizabeth]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +The phrase "these days" refers to the time Zechariah was serving in the temple. It is possible to state more clearly what this refers to. AT: "After Zechariah's time of serving at the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# his wife -* **his wife** - "Zechariah's wife" -* **five months** - See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]. -* **This is what the Lord has done for me** - This phrase refers to the fact that the Lord allowed her to become pregnant. -* **watched over me** - "regarded me kindly" or "had pity on me" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Zechariah's wife" + +# kept herself hidden + +"did not leave her house" or "stayed inside by herself" + +# This is what the Lord has done for me + +This phrase refers to the fact that the Lord allowed her to become pregnant. + +# This is what + +This is a positive exclamation. She was very happy with what the Lord had done for her. + +# looked at me with favor + +"to look at" is an idiom that means "to treat" or "to deal with." AT: "regarded me kindly" or "had pity on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my shame + +This refers to the shame she felt because she was not able to have children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/26.md b/luk/01/26.md index d0c5a06168..ffc59ab29a 100644 --- a/luk/01/26.md +++ b/luk/01/26.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:gabriel]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The angel Gabriel announces to Mary that she is going to be the mother of the one who is the Son of God. -## translationNotes +# In the sixth month -* **the angel Gabriel was sent by God** - AT: "God told the angel Gabriel to go." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **engaged** - "pledged" or "promised to be married" Mary's parents had made a commitment for her to marry Joseph. -* **came to her** - "came to where Mary was" or "went to where Mary was" -* **Greetings** - AT: “Rejoice” or AT: "Be glad" This was a common greeting. -* **highly favored one** - “you who are highly favored" or "you who have received grace" or "you who have received kindness” -* **was very troubled** - "was disturbed" or "was afraid and confused" -* **what kind of greeting this might be** - Mary understood the meaning of the individual words, but she did not understand why the angel said them to her. +"in the sixth month of Elizabeth's pregnancy." It may be necessary to state this clearly if it would be confused with the sixth month of the year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the angel Gabriel was sent from God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God told the angel Gabriel to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# engaged + +"pledged" or "promised to be married." Mary's parents had made a commitment for her to marry Joseph. + +# He belonged to the house of David + +"He belonged to the same tribe as David" or "He was a descendent of King David" + +# the virgin's name was Mary + +This introduces Mary as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# He came to her + +"The angel came to Mary" + +# Greetings + +This was a common greeting. It means: "Rejoice" or "Be glad." + +# you who are highly favored! + +"you who have received great grace!" or "you who have received special kindness!" + +# The Lord is with you + +"with you" is an idiom that implies support and acceptance. AT: "The Lord is pleased with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# she was very confused ... wondered what kind of greeting this could be + +Mary understood the meaning of the individual words, but she did not understand why the angel said this amazing greeting to her. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/30.md b/luk/01/30.md index e6f979356f..880ccaa72d 100644 --- a/luk/01/30.md +++ b/luk/01/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be afraid, Mary -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +The angel does not want Mary to be afraid of his appearance, because God sent him with a positive message. -## translationNotes +# you have found favor with God -* **found favor with God** - AT:"God has decided to give you his grace” or “God is being gracious to you" or “God is showing you his kindness” -* **will be called the Son of the Most High** - AT: "people will call him the Son of the Most High One" or "people will acknowledge that he is the Son of God Most High" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **give him the throne of his father, David** - AT: "give him authority to rule as king like his ancestor David did" The throne represents the king's authority to rule. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his father** - The Bible often uses the word "fathers" to refer to ancestors and uses the word "sons" to refer to descendants. The word "his" refers to Mary's son. +The idiom "to find favor" means to be positively received by someone. The sentence can be altered to show God as the actor. AT: "God has decided to give you his grace" or "God is showing you his kindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will conceive in your womb and bear a son ... Jesus ... the Son of the Most High + +Mary will bear "a son" who will be called "the Son of the Most High." Jesus is therefore a human son born of a human mother, and he is also the Son of God. These terms should be translated very carefully. + +# will be called + +Possible meanings are 1) "people will call him" or 2) "God will call him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son of the Most High + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# give him the throne of his ancestor David + +The throne represents the king's authority to rule. AT: "give him authority to rule as king as his ancestor David did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there will be no end to his kingdom + +The negative phrase "no end" emphasizes that it continues forever. It could also be stated with a positive phrase. AT: "his kingdom will never end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/34.md b/luk/01/34.md index 4363111fbf..85b3dc9f16 100644 --- a/luk/01/34.md +++ b/luk/01/34.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# How will this happen -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +Though Mary did not understand how it could happen, she did not doubt that it would happen. AT: "How is this possible?" -## translationNotes +# I have not slept with any man -* **How will this happen** - AT: "How is this possible" Though Mary did not understand how it could happen, she did not doubt that it would happen. -* **will come over you** - This phrase and the next one are ways of saying that the Holy Spirit would supernaturally cause Mary to become pregnant even while she still remained a virgin. Make sure it is clear that there was no physical union involved; this was a miracle. -* **The power of** - AT: "By his power" -* **will overshadow you** - "will cover you like a shadow" or AT: "will be with you" or AT: "will cause this to happen" Again, make sure this does not imply any physical union. -* **the holy one** - AT: "the holy child" or "the holy baby" -* **will be called** - AT: "people will call him" or "people will acknowledge that he is" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Mary used this polite expression to say that she had not engaged in sexual activity. AT: "I am a virgin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# The Holy Spirit will come upon you + +The process of Mary's conception would begin with the Holy Spirit coming to her. + +# will come upon + +"will overtake" or "will happen to" + +# the power of the Most High + +It was God's "power" that would supernaturally cause Mary to become pregnant even while she still remained a virgin. Make sure this does not imply any physical or sexual union—this was a miracle. + +# will come over you + +"will cover you like a shadow" + +# So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So they will call the holy one who will be born the Son of God" or "So the baby that will be born will be holy, and people will call him the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the holy one + +"the holy child" or "the holy baby" + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/36.md b/luk/01/36.md index 06eb62fc0d..75eee69f0a 100644 --- a/luk/01/36.md +++ b/luk/01/36.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:conceive]] -* [[en:tw:elizabeth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This expression here emphasizes the importance of the statement about Elizabeth that follows. -## translationNotes +# your relative Elizabeth -* This concludes the angel's speech to Mary. -* **your relative** - If you need to state a specific relationship, Elizabeth was probably Mary's aunt or great-aunt. -* **also has conceived a son in her old age** - "has also become pregnant with a son, even though she is already very old" or "even though she is old, has also become pregnant and will bear a son" Make sure it doesn't sound as though both Mary and Elizabeth were old when they conceived. -* **nothing is impossible for God!** - "because God can do anything" What God had done for Elizabeth was proof that God was able to do anything, and that he could even enable Mary to become pregnant without her having sexual relations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **I am the Lord's servant** - "I am a servant of the Lord" Choose an expression that shows her humility and obedience to the Lord. She was not boasting about being the Lord's servant. -* **Let this happen to me** - Mary was expressing her willingness for the things to happen the angel had told her were about to happen. +If you need to state a specific relationship, Elizabeth was probably Mary's aunt or great-aunt. + +# has also conceived a son in her old age + +"has also become pregnant with a son, even though she is already very old" or "even though she is old, has also become pregnant and will bear a son." Make sure it does not sound as though both Mary and Elizabeth were old when they conceived. + +# the sixth month for her + +"the sixth month of her pregnancy" + +# For + +"Because" or "This shows that" + +# nothing will be impossible for God + +Elizabeth's pregnancy was proof that God was able to do anything—even enable Mary to become pregnant without her sleeping with a man. The double negatives in this statement can be stated with positive terms. AT: "God can do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# See + +Mary uses the same expression as the angel to emphasize how serious she was about her decision to submit to the Lord. + +# I am the female servant of the Lord + +Choose an expression that shows her humility and obedience to the Lord. She was not boasting about being the Lord's servant. + +# Let it be for me + +"Let this happen to me." Mary was expressing her willingness for the things to happen that the angel had told her were about to happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/39.md b/luk/01/39.md index 9b1e61b3f9..c0a1e40673 100644 --- a/luk/01/39.md +++ b/luk/01/39.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:elizabeth]] -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahnt]] +Mary goes to visit her relative Elizabeth who was going to give birth to John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# arose -* **Now** - This word introduces a new part of the story. Consider how your language does this. Some translations might not use an introductory word here. -* **got up** - AT: "started out" or AT: "got ready" -* **the hill country** - "the hilly area" or "the mountainous part of Israel" -* **where she went** - "and she went" or AT: "when she arrived, she went" -* **leaped** - "moved suddenly" +This idiom means she not only stood up, but also "got ready." AT: "started out" or "got ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the hill country + +"the hilly area" or "the mountainous part of Israel" + +# She went + +It is implied that Mary finished her journey before she went in to Zechariah's house. This could be stated clearly. AT: "When she arrived, she went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now it happened + +The phrase is used to mark a new event in this part of the story. + +# in her womb + +"in Elizabeth's womb" + +# jumped + +"moved suddenly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/42.md b/luk/01/42.md index cf95ad240a..f662203875 100644 --- a/luk/01/42.md +++ b/luk/01/42.md @@ -1,24 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# raised her voice ... said loudly -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit, fruitful]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill|fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +These two phrases mean the same thing, and are used to emphasize how excited Elizabeth was. They could be combined into one phrase. AT: "exclaimed loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# raised her voice -* **She** - It may be more clear or more natural to say "Elizabeth" here, depending on how you translated the previous verse. -* **the fruit of your womb** - AT: "the baby in your womb" or "the baby you will bear" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **How is it that the mother of my Lord should come to me?** - AT: "How wonderful it is that the mother of my Lord has come to me!" Elizabeth was not asking for information--rather, she was showing how surprised and happy she was that the mother of the Lord had come to her. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the mother of my Lord** - AT: "you, the mother of my Lord" This refers to Mary. -* **leaped** - "moved suddenly" or "turned forcefully" -* **She who has believed is blessed** - AT: "You who have believed are blessed" or AT: "Because you believed, you will be glad" -* **the things which have been spoken to her from the Lord** - AT: "the message that the Lord gave to her" or AT:"the things that the Lord told you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This idiom means "increased the volume of her voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Blessed are you among women + +The idiom "among women" means "more than any other woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the fruit of your womb + +Mary's baby is spoken of as if it is the fruit that a plant produces. AT: "the baby in your womb" or "the baby you will bear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why has it happened to me that the mother of my Lord should come to me? + +Elizabeth was not asking for information. She was showing how surprised and happy she was that the mother of the Lord had come to her. AT: "How wonderful it is that the mother of my Lord has come to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the mother of my Lord + +It can be made clear that Elizabeth was calling Mary "the mother of my Lord" by adding the word "you." AT: "you, the mother of my Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# For see + +This phrase alerts Mary to pay attention to Elizabeth's surprising statement that follows. + +# when the sound of your greeting came to my ears + +Hearing a sound is spoken of as if the sound came to the ears. AT: "when I heard the sound of your greeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# jumped for joy + +"moved suddenly with joy" or "turned forcefully because he was so happy" + +# Blessed is she who believed + +Elizabeth was talking about Mary to Mary. AT: "You who have believed are blessed" or "Because you believed, you will be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# there would be a fulfillment of the things + +"these things would actually happen" or "these things would come true" + +# the things that were told her from the Lord + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the message that the Lord gave to her" or "the things that the Lord told you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/46.md b/luk/01/46.md index bc0656dac5..b80bf35f79 100644 --- a/luk/01/46.md +++ b/luk/01/46.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Mary begins a song of praise to the Lord her Savior. -## translationNotes +# My soul praises ... my spirit has rejoiced -* **My soul…my spirit** - These could be translated as "Oh how I" or "how I" which express deep emotion. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) Mary is using a form of poetry where she states the same thing in two slightly different ways. Both "soul" and "spirit" refer to the spiritual part of a person. She is saying that her worship comes from deep inside her. If possible, translate these with two slightly different words or phrases that have that similar meaning. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **rejoices in** - “feels very joyful about” or “is very happy about” -* **God my Savior** - “God, the One who saves me” or “God who saves me” +Both "soul" and "spirit" refer to the spiritual part of a person. Mary is saying that her worship comes from deep inside her. AT: "My inner being praises ... my heart has rejoiced" or "I praise ... I rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# has rejoiced in + +"has felt very joyful about" or "was very happy about" + +# God my savior + +"God, the One who saves me" or "God who saves me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/48.md b/luk/01/48.md index 8ddaf4e706..afc1dd182a 100644 --- a/luk/01/48.md +++ b/luk/01/48.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# For he -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Because he" -## translationNotes +# looked at -* Mary continues to praise God. -* **lowly** - "humble" or "poor" Mary did not have high social standing. -* **paid attention** - "thought about" or "remembered" or AT: "did not forget" This is not an issue of God's ability to remember, but his choosing to remember. -* **from now on** - “now and in the future” -* **the Mighty One** - AT: "God, the Powerful One" -* **his name** - Here "name" refers to the entire person of God. AT: "he" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"looked at with concern" or "cared about" + +# low condition + +"poverty." Mary's family was not rich. + +# For see + +This phrase calls attention to the statement that follows. + +# from now on + +"now and in the future" + +# all generations + +"the people in all generations" + +# he who is mighty + +"God, the Powerful One" + +# his name + +Here "name" refers to the entire person of God. AT: "he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/50.md b/luk/01/50.md index a35e648661..781e561144 100644 --- a/luk/01/50.md +++ b/luk/01/50.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# His mercy -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +"God's mercy" -## translationNotes +# from generation to generation -* Mary continues to praise God. -* **His mercy is for** - "he shows mercy to" or "he is merciful to" or AT: "God's mercy is for" -* **generation after generation of people** - AT: "every generation of people" or AT: "people in every time period" -* **fear him** - This has a wider meaning than just being afraid. It also means to respect, honor, and obey God. -* **with his arm** - "by means of his arm" This is a picture of God's strength. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **scattered** - "chased away" or AT: "caused them to run away in different directions" +"from one generation to the next generation" or "throughout every generation" or "to people in every time period" + +# displayed strength with his arm + +Here "his arm" is a metonym that stands for God's power. AT: "shown that he is very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# scattered + +"chased away in different directions" + +# thoughts of their hearts + +This is an idiom that refers to their deepest, or most intimate thoughts. AT: "thoughts in their inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/52.md b/luk/01/52.md index bff6016104..a01747bacc 100644 --- a/luk/01/52.md +++ b/luk/01/52.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He has thrown down princes from their thrones -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +A throne is a chair that a ruler sits on, and it is a symbol of his authority. If a prince is brought down from his throne, it means he no longer has the authority to reign. AT: "He has taken away the authority of princes" or "He has made rulers stop ruling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# thrown down princes ... raised up those of low condition -* Mary continues to praise God. -* **He has pulled down rulers from their thrones** - AT: "He has taken away the authority of kings" or AT: "He has made rulers stop ruling" A throne is a chair that a king sits on, and it is a symbol of his authority. If a king is brought down from his throne, it means he no longer has the authority to reign as king. -* **has raised up lowly people** - In this word picture, people who are important are higher than people who are less important. If your language does not have this kind of metaphor, you could translate this as AT: "has made humble people important" or AT: "has given honor to people whom others have not honored" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **given good things** - AT: "given good food" +The contrast between these two opposite actions should be made clear in the translation if possible. + +# low condition + +"poverty." Mary's family was not rich. See how you translated this in [Luke 1:48](./48.md). + +# has raised up those of low condition + +In this word picture, people who are important are higher than people who are less important. AT: "has made humble people important" or "has given honor to people whom others have not honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has filled the hungry ... the rich he has sent away empty + +The contrast between these two opposite actions should be made clear in the translation if possible. + +# filled the hungry with good things + +Possible meanings are 1) "given the hungry good food to eat" or 2) "given the needy good things." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/54.md b/luk/01/54.md index 5b907b6cb0..491dc6bc21 100644 --- a/luk/01/54.md +++ b/luk/01/54.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The UDB rearranges these verses into a verse bridge in order to keep the information about Israel together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# He has given help to -* This concludes Mary's praise to God. -* **He has helped** - AT: "The Lord has helped" -* **his servant Israel** - If readers confuse this with the the man named Israel, it could be translated as AT: "his servant, the nation of Israel" or AT: "Israel, his servants" -* **his descendants** - "Abraham's descendants" -* **just as he promised to our ancestors he would do** - AT: "because he promised our ancestors he would be merciful" +"The Lord has helped" + +# Israel his servant + +If readers confuse this with the man named Israel, it could be translated as "his servant, the nation of Israel" or "Israel, his servants." + +# so as to + +"in order to" + +# to remember + +God cannot forget. When God "remembers," it is an idiom that means God acts upon his earlier promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as he said to our fathers + +"just as he promised our ancestors he would do." This phrase supplies background information about God's promise to Abraham. AT: "because he promised our ancestors he would be merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# his descendants + +"Abraham's descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/56.md b/luk/01/56.md index e0320aa8e8..e844d253ba 100644 --- a/luk/01/56.md +++ b/luk/01/56.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:elizabeth]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Elizabeth delivers her baby and then Zechariah names their baby. -## translationNotes +# returned to her house -* **three months** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]].) -* **returned to her house** - "Mary returned to her (Mary's) house" -* **deliver her baby** - "give birth to her baby" or "bear her child" -* **Her neighbors and her relatives** - AT: "Elizabeth's neighbors and relatives" +"Mary returned to her (Mary's) house" or "Mary returned to her own house" + +# Now + +This word marks the beginning of the next event in the story. + +# Her neighbors and her relatives + +"Elizabeth's neighbors and relatives" + +# shown his great mercy to her + +"been so kind to her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/59.md b/luk/01/59.md index 24b3f3363f..d4afc3abaa 100644 --- a/luk/01/59.md +++ b/luk/01/59.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now it happened -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahnt]] +This phrase is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story. AT: "Now when the baby was eight days old" or "Then, on the eighth day after the baby was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# on the eighth day -* **Then, on the eighth day** - "When the baby was eight days old" or AT: "Then, on the eighth day after the baby was born" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday]]) -* **they** - AT: "Zechariah and Elizabeth's friends and relatives" or AT: "people." -* **to circumcise the baby** - "for the baby to be circumcised" or AT: "for the baby's circumcision ceremony" One person circumcised the baby, and the others were there to celebrate with the family. -* **they would have called him** - "they were going to name him" or "they wanted to give him the name" -* **after the name of his father** - "his father's name" or AT: "like his father" -* **by this name** - "by that name" +Here "eighth day" refers to the time after the birth of the baby. AT: "when the baby was eight days old" or "on the eighth day after the baby was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# they came to circumcise the child + +This was often a ceremony where one person circumcised the baby and friends were there to celebrate with the family. AT: "they came for the baby's circumcision ceremony" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They would have called him + +"They were going to name him" or "They wanted to give him the name" + +# after the name of his father + +"his father's name" + +# by this name + +"by that name" or "by the same name" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/62.md b/luk/01/62.md index 04e892389b..37ae2f0f41 100644 --- a/luk/01/62.md +++ b/luk/01/62.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] +This refers to the people who were there for the circumcision ceremony. -## translationNotes +# made signs -* **They gestured** - "They" refers to the people who were there for the circumcision ceremony. -* **to his father** - "to the baby's father" -* **what name he wanted him to be called** - "what he wanted his son to be named" AT: "what name Zechariah wanted the baby to have" -* **He asked** - AT: "Zechariah asked" He must have used gestures in order to ask for the writing tablet. -* **writing tablet** - "something on which to write" -* **very surprised** - "amazed" +"motioned." Either Zechariah was unable to hear, as well as speak, or the people assumed that he could not hear. + +# to his father + +"to the baby's father" + +# how he wanted him to be named + +"what name Zechariah wanted to give the baby" + +# His father asked for a writing tablet + +It may be helpful to state how Zechariah "asked," since he could not speak. AT: "His father used his hands to show the people that he wanted them to give him a writing tablet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# writing tablet + +"something on which to write" + +# astonished + +"very surprised" or "amazed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/64.md b/luk/01/64.md index 30cb1e5f4b..5d564845eb 100644 --- a/luk/01/64.md +++ b/luk/01/64.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# his mouth was opened ... his tongue was freed -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +These two phrases are word pictures that together emphasize that Zechariah was suddenly able to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# his mouth was opened and his tongue was freed -* **his mouth was opened...his tongue was freed** - These are word pictures meaning that now he was able to speak. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Fear came on everyone who lived around them** - "All who lived around Zechariah and Elizabeth were afraid" or AT: "All who lived around them were in awe of God" They saw that God is powerful. -* **everyone** - "Everyone" does not refer only to their immediate neighbors but to all who lived in that area. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **everything that happened was being talked about** - AT: "people were talking about all these things that had happened" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who heard about this** - The word "this" here refers to the things that had happened. -* **thinking** - "wondering" -* **and said** - "and asked" -* **What will this child become?** - AT: "What kind of great person will this baby grow up to be?" or AT: "What a great man this child will be!" This question shows the people's surprise. Because of what they had heard about the baby, they realized that he would grow up to be an important man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the hand of the Lord was with him** - "The Lord's power was with him" or "The Lord was working in him powerfully" The phrase "the hand of the Lord" refers to the Lord's power. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "God opened his mouth and freed his tongue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Fear came on all who lived around them + +"All who lived around Zechariah and Elizabeth were afraid." It may be helpful to state clearly why they were afraid. AT: "All who lived around them were in awe of God because he had done this to Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all who lived around them + +The word "all" here is a generalization. AT: "those who lived around them" or "many who lived in that area" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# All these matters were spread throughout all the hill country of Judea + +The phrase "these matters were spread" is a metaphor for people hearing about them. AT: "People throughout the hill country of Judea heard about all these matters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All who heard them + +"All who heard about these matters" + +# stored them in their hearts + +Thinking a lot about things that have happened is spoken of as putting those things safely in their hearts. AT: "thought carefully about these matters" or "though a lot about these events" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# saying + +"asking" + +# What then will this child become? + +"What kind of great person will this baby grow up to be?" It is also possible that this question was meant to be a statement of their surprise at what they had heard about the baby. AT: "What a great man this child will be!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the hand of the Lord was with him + +The phrase "the hand of the Lord" refers to the Lord's power. AT: "the Lord's power was with him" or "the Lord was working in him powerfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/67.md b/luk/01/67.md index a5d74ab6f2..c8d9b4989d 100644 --- a/luk/01/67.md +++ b/luk/01/67.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:filled|filled with the Spirit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer, prophetess]] +Zechariah tells what will happen with his son John. -## translationNotes +# His father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit -* **spoke this prophesy** - AT: "prophesied and said" or AT: "and prophesied, and this is what he said" Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotes in your language. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **the God of Israel** - AT: "the God who reigns over Israel" or AT: "the God whom Israel worships" Israel here refers to the nation of Israel. Zechariah, as well as the people to whom he was talking, all belonged to the nation of Israel. -* **has come to us** - AT: "has come to help us" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his people** - "God's people" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Holy Spirit filled his father Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# His father + +John's father + +# prophesied, saying + +Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotes in your language. AT: "prophesied and said" or "prophesied, and this is what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# the God of Israel + +"Israel" here refers to the nation of Israel. The relationship between God and Israel could be stated more directly. AT: "the God who reigns over Israel" or "the God whom Israel worships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his people + +"God's people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/69.md b/luk/01/69.md index 18d426d12f..97c505a26d 100644 --- a/luk/01/69.md +++ b/luk/01/69.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# a horn of salvation for us -* [[en:tw:Savior]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The horn of an animal is a symbol of its power to defend itself. The Messiah is spoken of as if he were a horn with the power to save Israel. AT: "someone with the power to save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in the house of his servant David -* Zechariah continues to prophesy. -* **his servant David** - AT: "King David, who served him" -* **just as God** - AT: "That is what God promised he would do when he" -* **spoke through his holy prophets** - AT: "caused his holy prophets to say" (UDB) When God spoke through the prophets, they used their own voices, but God enabled them to speak the words he wanted them to speak. -* **salvation from our enemies, and from the hand of everyone who hates us** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and from the hand** - AT: "and salvation from the hand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **hand** - "power" or "control" The word "hand" is associated with the power or control that is being used to harm God's people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +David's "house" here represents his family, specifically, his descendants. AT: "in the family of his servant David" or "who is a descendant of his servant David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as he spoke + +"just as God said" + +# he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets who were in ancient times + +God speaking by the prophets' mouths represents God causing his prophets to say what he wanted them to say. AT: "he caused his holy prophets who lived long ago to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were in ancient times + +"lived long ago" + +# will bring salvation from our enemies + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verbs "save" or "rescue." AT: "will save us from our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# our enemies ... all who hate us + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how strongly their enemies are against them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# hand + +"power" or "control." The word "hand" represents the power that wicked persons use against God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/72.md b/luk/01/72.md index 086f2e7b31..54c86a92a3 100644 --- a/luk/01/72.md +++ b/luk/01/72.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# to show mercy to -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"to be merciful to" or "to act according to his mercy toward" -## translationNotes +# remember -* Zechariah continues to prophesy. -* **to show mercy** - "to be merciful to" or "to act according to his mercy" -* **remember** - Here the word "remember" means to keep a commitment or fulfill something. -* **from the hand of our enemies** - "Hand" refers to the harmful control or power a person has over another person. AT: "from the control of our enemies" or "from being harmed and enslaved by our enemies." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **without fear** - AT: "without being afraid of our enemies" -* **in holiness and righteousness** - AT: "while we live in a holy and righteous way" or "to live holy lives and do what is right" -* **before him** - "in his presence" or "according to his will" -* **all our days** - "our entire life" +Here the word "remember" means to keep a commitment or fulfill something. + +# his holy covenant ... the oath that he spoke + +These two phrases refer to the same thing. They are repeated to show the seriousness of God's promise to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to grant to us + +"to make it possible for us" + +# that we, having been delivered ... would serve him without fear + +It may be helpful to change the order of these phrases. AT: "that we would serve him without fear after we are rescued from the power of our enemies" + +# out of the hand of our enemies + +"hand" refers to the control or power a person. This could be stated clearly. AT: "from the control of our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# without fear + +This refers back to the fear of their enemies. AT: "without being afraid of our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in holiness and righteousness + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "holiness" and "righteousness." Possible meanings are 1) we would serve God in holy and righteous ways. AT: "doing what is holy and righteous" or 2) we would be holy and righteous. AT: "being holy and righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# before him + +This is an idiom which means "in his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/76.md b/luk/01/76.md index aeaa0b49c8..27b7603a46 100644 --- a/luk/01/76.md +++ b/luk/01/76.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yes, and you -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Zechariah uses this phrase to begin his direct address to his son. You may have a similar way to direct speech in your language. -## translationNotes +# you, child, will be called a prophet -* Zechariah continues to prophesy, but now he speaks directly to his newborn son. -* **will be called the prophet** - At: "will be the prophet" This means he actually will be the prophet, not just called a prophet, and people will know him as such. -* **of the Most High** - AT: "who serves the Most High" or AT: "who speaks for God Most High" -* **how they can be saved through the forgiveness of their sins** - AT: "how God will save them by forgiving their sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +People will realize that he is a prophet. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will know that you are a prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# of the Most High + +"who serves the Most High." This refers to God. AT: "who speaks for God Most High." + +# go before the face of the Lord + +This idiom means "go ahead of the Lord" or "come before the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to prepare his paths + +This is a metaphor that means that John will prepare the people to listen to and believe the Lord's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to give knowledge of salvation ... by the forgiveness of their sins + +The phrase "give knowledge" is a metaphor for teaching. The abstract nouns "salvation" and "forgiveness" can be expressed with the verbs "save" and "forgive." AT: "to teach his people salvation through the forgiveness of their sins" or "to teach his people how God saves people by forgiving their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/78.md b/luk/01/78.md index 0a38968c07..a600fda0b0 100644 --- a/luk/01/78.md +++ b/luk/01/78.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# because of the tender mercy of our God -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:savior|Savior]] +It might be helpful to state that God's mercy helps people. AT: "because God is compassionate and merciful to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the sunrise from on high ... to shine on -* Zechariah continues prophesying to his newborn son. -* **because of his tender mercy** - AT: "because he is compassionate and merciful to us" -* **of our God** - Note that throughout these verses "us" and "our" are inclusive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **like the rising sun** - "like the sunrise" or "like the dawn" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He will shine upon** - AT: "He will give knowledge to" or AT: "He will give spiritual light to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **people who sit in darkness** - AT: "people who do not know the truth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and the shadow of death** - AT: "who are about to die" or "and who are afraid that they will soon die." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **guide** - "direct" or AT: "teach" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **our feet** - AT: "us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **into the path of peace** - AT: "into a peaceful life" or AT: "into a life at peace with God" or AT: "to walk along a path that leads to peace" or "to live in a way that brings peace with God" Make sure your translation of this fits with how you translate "our feet." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Light is often a metaphor for truth. Here, the spiritual truth the Savior will provide is spoken of as if it is a sunrise that lights up the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shine on + +"give knowledge to" or "give spiritual light to" + +# those who sit in darkness + +Darkness is here a metaphor for the absence of spiritual truth. Here, people who lack spiritual truth are spoken of as if they are sitting in darkness. AT: "people who do not know the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# darkness ... shadow of death + +These two phrases work together to emphasize the deep spiritual darkness of people before God shows them mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in the shadow of death + +The shadow often represents something that is about to happen. Here, it refers to approaching death. AT: "who are about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# guide our feet into the path of peace + +Here "guide" is a metaphor for teaching, and "path of peace" is a metaphor for living at peace with God. The phrase "our feet" is a synecdoche that represents the whole person. AT: "teach us how to live at peace with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/80.md b/luk/01/80.md index 6f0ea1e312..6db29fdf13 100644 --- a/luk/01/80.md +++ b/luk/01/80.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This tells briefly about John's growing years. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **became strong in spirit** - AT: "became spiritually mature" or AT: "grew strong in his relationship with God" or AT: "developed a strong moral character" -* **until** - “even when” This does not necessarily mark a stopping point. John continued to live out in the desert even after he started preaching publicly. -* **appear publicly to** - "go before" or AT: "preach in public" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Luke quickly moves from the birth of John to the beginning of his ministry as an adult. + +# became strong in spirit + +"became spiritually mature" or "strengthened his relationship with God" + +# was in the wilderness + +"lived in the wilderness." Luke does not say at what age John began to live in the wilderness. + +# until + +This does not necessarily mark a stopping point. John continued to live out in the desert even after he started preaching publicly. + +# the day of his public appearance + +"when he began to preach in public" + +# the day + +This is used here in the general sense of "the time" or "the occasion." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/intro.md b/luk/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..90192e8cdb --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Luke 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart long prayers or prophesies. For this reason, the ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:46-55, 68-79. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "He will be called John" ##### +It was unusual in the ancient Near East to use a name for a child that was not the name of a relative. Since Elizabeth and Zechariah did not have a person named "John" in their family, this name was very surprising to other people. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +Luke does not use a lot of complex wording. His language is simple and straightforward. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Luke intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/01.md b/luk/02/01.md index 7fe9e30b74..a53f2fde0c 100644 --- a/luk/02/01.md +++ b/luk/02/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:census]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] -* [[en:tw:syria]] +This gives background to show why Mary and Joseph have to move for the birth of Jesus. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now** - This word shows that the author is introducing another subject. -* **it came about that** - This phrase is used to show that this is the beginning of an account. If your language has a way of showing the start of an account, you may use that. Some versions do not include this phrase. -* **Caesar Augustus** - "King Augustus" or "Emperor Augustus." Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **sent out a decree ordering** - A decree is an order or command. This could be translated as "decreed" or "ordered" or "gave the command." -* **that a census be taken of all the people living in the Roman world ** - This could be translated as "that they register all the people living in the Roman world" or "that they count all the people in the Roman world and write down their names." -* **the Roman world** - This could be translated as "the part of the world controlled by the Roman government" or "the countries ruled by the Roman emperor" or "the Roman empire." -* **Quirinius** - Quirinius was appointed to be the governor of Syria. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **everyone went -** - ** This could be translated as "everyone started off" or "everyone was going." -* **his own town** - "the town his ancestors lived in" -* **to be registered for the census** - "to have their name written in the register" or "to be included in the official count" +This word marks the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# it came about that + +This phrase is used to show that this is the beginning of an account. If your language has a way of showing the start of an account, you may use that. Some versions do not include this phrase. + +# Caesar Augustus + +"King Augustus" or "Emperor Augustus." Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# sent out a decree ordering + +This command was probably carried by messengers throughout the empire. AT: "sent messengers with a decree ordering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that a census be taken of all the people living in the world + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that they register all the people living in the world" or "that they count all the people in the world and write down their names" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the world + +Here the word "world" represents only the part of the world that Caesar August ruled. AT: "the Empire" or "the Roman world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Quirinius + +Quirinius was appointed to be the governor of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# everyone went + +"everyone started off" or "everyone was going" + +# his own city + +This refers to the cities where people's ancestors lived. People may have lived in a different city. AT: "the city in which his ancestors lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to be registered for the census + +"to have their names written in the register" or "to be included in the official count" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/04.md b/luk/02/04.md index bcf336501e..c316ff6206 100644 --- a/luk/02/04.md +++ b/luk/02/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] +The UDB rearranges these two verses into a verse bridge in order to make it easier to shorten the sentences. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# Joseph also -* **traveled to the Judean town of Bethlehem** - This could be translated as "went up to the town of Bethlehem in Judea." Bethlehem was higher in elevation than Nazareth. -* **city of David ** - Bethlehem was called a city because of its importance, not its size. King David was born there and there was a prophecy that the Messiah would be born there. "City of David" could be translated as "city of King David." -* **to register** - This could be translated as "to have his name written in the register" or "to be included in the count." -* **along with Mary** - Mary traveled with Joseph from Nazareth. It is likely that women were also taxed, so Mary would have needed to travel and be registered as well. -* **who was engaged to him** - This could be translated as "his fiancée" or "who was promised to him." An engaged couple was considered legally married, but there would not have been physical intimacy between them. +This introduces Joseph as a new participant in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# to the city of David which is called Bethlehem + +The phrase "the city of David" was a name for Bethlehem that tells why Bethlehem was important. Although it was a small town, King David was born there, and there was a prophecy that the Messiah would be born there. AT: "to Bethlehem, the city of King David" or "to Bethlehem, the town where King David was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because he was of the house and family line of David + +"because Joseph was a descendant of David" + +# to register + +This means to report to the officials there so they could include him in the count. Use a term for an official government count if possible. + +# along with Mary + +Mary traveled with Joseph from Nazareth. It is likely that women were also taxed, so Mary would have needed to travel and be registered as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# who was engaged to him + +"his fiancee" or "who was promised to him." An engaged couple was considered legally married, but there would not have been physical intimacy between them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/06.md b/luk/02/06.md index f2439e0103..bb1e86861f 100644 --- a/luk/02/06.md +++ b/luk/02/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] +This tells of the birth of Jesus and the announcement by the angels to the shepherds. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **while they were there** - "while Mary and Joseph were in Bethlehem" -* **the time came** - "it was time" -* **to deliver her baby** - "to give birth to her baby." Use a common expression that will not embarrass people. -* **wrapped him snugly in strips of cloth** - This could be translated as "wrapped him comfortably in a blanket" or "wrapped a blanket firmly around him." This act was an expression of love and concern for the newborn baby. -* **an animal feeding trough** - This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. It was most likely clean and may have had something soft and dry like hay in it as a cushion for the baby. Animals were often kept near the home to keep them secure and to feed them easily. Apparently Mary and Joseph stayed in a room that was used for animals. -* **guest room** - This is a separate area for guests or travelers. -* **there was no room for them in a guest room** - "there was no space in the guest room for them to stay." This was probably because so many people went to Bethlehem to register. -* **because there was no room** - If it is not clear why Mary put her son in a feeding trough, you could explicitly state the implied information that they had to stay in a place for animals, and you could change the order of the information in verse 7. "There was no room for them in a guest room, so they stayed in a place for animals. When she gave birth to a son, her firstborn child, she wrapped him snugly in strips of cloth. Then she put him in an animal feeding trough." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The UDB rearranges these verses into a verse bridge in order to keep together the details about the place they stayed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# Now it came about + +This phrase marks the beginning of the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# while they were there + +"while Mary and Joseph were in Bethlehem" + +# the time came for her to deliver her baby + +"it was time to give birth to her baby" + +# wrapped him in long strips of cloth + +In some cultures mothers comfort their babies by wrapping them tightly in cloth or a blanket. AT: "wrapped cloths firmly around him" or "wrapped him tightly in a blanket" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# laid him in a manger + +This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. It was most likely clean and may have had something soft and dry like hay in it as a cushion for the baby. Animals were often kept near the home to keep them secure and to feed them easily. Mary and Joseph stayed in a room that was used for animals. + +# there was no room for them in the inn + +"there was no space for them to stay in the guest room." This was probably because so many people went to Bethlehem to register. Luke adds this as background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/08.md b/luk/02/08.md index 2cb90e3699..7d85137c9f 100644 --- a/luk/02/08.md +++ b/luk/02/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# An angel of the Lord -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +"An angel from the Lord" or "An angel who served the Lord" -## translationNotes +# appeared to them -* **in that same region** - "in that area" or "near Bethlehem" -* **keeping watch over** - "taking care of" or "guarding in order to keep them safe" -* **flocks of sheep** - "groups of sheep." -* **at night** - This could be translated as "after the sun had set and it was dark." -* **an angel of the Lord** - This could be translated as "an angel from the Lord" or "an angel who serves the Lord" or "an angel who was sent by the Lord." -* **the glory of the Lord** - This means the bright light that is all around the Lord was also around the angel. -* **appeared to them** - "came to them." +"came to the shepherds" + +# the glory of the Lord + +The source of the bright light was the glory of the Lord, which appeared at the same time as the angel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/10.md b/luk/02/10.md index 2a3beee6c7..a9ce5c29f8 100644 --- a/luk/02/10.md +++ b/luk/02/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be afraid -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +"Stop being afraid" -## translationNotes +# that will bring great joy to all the people -* **Do not be afraid** - "Stop being afraid" -* **because I am about to announce to you good news** - "for I bring good news to you" or "I will tell you some good news" -* **that will bring great joy to all the people** - This could be translated as "that will make all the people very happy." -* **all the people** - Some understand this to refer to the Jewish people. Others understand it to refer to all people. -* **the city of David** - This could be translated as "in Bethlehem, the city of David." -* **This is the sign that will be given to you** - This could be translated as "God will give you this sign" or "You will see this sign from God." -* **sign** - This could either be a sign to prove that what the angel was saying was true, or it could be a sign that would help the shepherds recognize the baby. It could be translated as “proof” for the first understanding or “distinguishing mark” for the second. -* **wrapped in strips of cloth** - This could be translated as "who was wrapped comfortably in a blanket." +"that will make all the people very happy" + +# all the people + +Some understand this to refer to the Jewish people. Others understand it to refer to all people. + +# the city of David + +This refers to Bethlehem. + +# This is the sign that will be given to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will give you this sign" or "You will see this sign from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sign + +"the proof." This could either be a sign to prove that what the angel was saying was true, or it could be a sign that would help the shepherds recognize the baby. + +# wrapped in strips of cloth + +This was the normal way that mothers protected and cared for their babies in that culture. See how you translated this in [Luke 2:7](./06.md). AT: "wrapped firmly in a warm blanket" or "wrapped comfortably in a blanket" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lying in a manger + +This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. See how you translated this in [Luke 2:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/13.md b/luk/02/13.md index 35ee8022a8..45f899baee 100644 --- a/luk/02/13.md +++ b/luk/02/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a great, heavenly army -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +The word "heavenly army" here could refer to a literal army of angels, or it could be a metaphor for an organized group of angels. AT: "a large group of angels from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# praising God -* **a large number of the heavenly army** - The word "army" here could refer to a literal army, or it could be a metaphor for an organized group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **praising God** - This could be translated as "They were praising God." -* **Glory to God in the highest** - Possible meanings are 1) "Give honor to God in the highest place" or 2) "Give the highest honor to God." -* **may there be peace on earth among people with whom he is pleased** - "may those people on earth with whom God is pleased have peace" +"giving praise to God" + +# Glory to God in the highest + +Possible meanings are 1) "Give honor to God in the highest place" or 2) "Give the highest honor to God." + +# may there be peace on earth among people with whom he is pleased + +"may those people on earth with whom God is pleased have peace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/15.md b/luk/02/15.md index ea0b420c4e..523729fd0f 100644 --- a/luk/02/15.md +++ b/luk/02/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] +This phrase is used to mark a shift in the story to what the shepherds did after the angels left. -## translationNotes +# from them -* **from them** - "from the shepherds" -* **to each other** - "to one another" -* **Let us… to us** - Since the shepherds were speaking to one another, languages that have inclusive forms for "we" and "us" should use the inclusive form here. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +"from the shepherds" + +# to each other + +"to one another" + +# Let us ... to us + +Since the shepherds were speaking to one another, languages that have inclusive forms for "we" and "us" should use the inclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Let us + +"We should" + +# this thing that has happened + +This refers to the birth of the baby, and not to the appearance of the angels. + +# lying in the manger + +This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. See how you translated this in [Luke 2:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/17.md b/luk/02/17.md index e8b76feff4..67018b0e28 100644 --- a/luk/02/17.md +++ b/luk/02/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# what had been said to them -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the angels had told the shepherds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# this child -* **they made known to people** - "the shepherds told people" -* **what had been said to them** - This could be translated as "what the angels had told the shepherds." -* **this child** - "the baby" -* **what was spoken to them by the shepherds** - "what the shepherds told them" -* **treasuring them in her heart** - This could be translated as "carefully remembering them" or "joyfully remembering them." A treasure is something that is very valuable or precious. Mary considered the things she was told about her son to be very precious. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **returned** - This could be translated as "went back to the sheep fields." -* **glorifying...God** - This could be translated as "talking about God's greatness." +"the baby" + +# what was spoken to them by the shepherds + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the shepherds told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# treasuring them in her heart + +A treasure is something that is very valuable or precious. Mary considered the things she was told about her son to be very precious. AT: "carefully remembering them" or "joyfully remembering them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# returned + +"went back to the sheep" + +# glorifying and praising God + +These are very similar and emphasize how excited they were about what God had done. AT: "talking about and praising God's greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/21.md b/luk/02/21.md index bbb9bca057..dc35bcf587 100644 --- a/luk/02/21.md +++ b/luk/02/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:conceive]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +The laws God gave the Jewish believers told them when to circumcise a boy baby and what sacrifice the parents had to bring. -## translationNotes +# When it was the end of the eighth day -* **the name he had been given by the angel** - This could be translated as "the name the angel had called him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This phrase shows the passing of time before this new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# the end of the eighth day + +"it was eight days after his birth" or "he was eight days old" + +# he was named + +Joseph and Mary gave him his name. + +# the name he had been given by the angel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the name the angel had called him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/22.md b/luk/02/22.md index 45d933bca0..4555765208 100644 --- a/luk/02/22.md +++ b/luk/02/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When the required number ... had passed -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This shows the passing of time before this new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# the required number of days -* **the required number of days** - This could be translated as "the number of days that God required." -* **for their purification** - "for them to become ceremonially clean" or "for God to consider them to be clean again" -* **to present him to the Lord** - "to bring him to the Lord" or "to bring him into the Lord's presence." This was a ceremony acknowledging God's claim on the firstborn children who were male. -* **As it is written** - This could be translated as "They did this because Moses wrote" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **male that opens the womb** - This is an idiom for "firstborn offspring that is a male." The law was about the firstborn offspring of both people and domestic animals, but in this context it could be translated as "firstborn son." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the number of days that God required" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for their purification + +"for them to become ceremonially clean." You can also state God's role. AT: "for God to consider them to be clean again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to present him to the Lord + +"to bring him to the Lord" or "to bring him into the Lord's presence." This was a ceremony acknowledging God's claim on the firstborn children who were male. + +# As it is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As Moses wrote" or "They did this because Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Every male who opens the womb + +"open the womb" is an idiom that refers to the first baby coming out of the womb. This referred to both animals and people. AT: "Every firstborn offspring who is a male" or "Every firstborn son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# what was said in the law of the Lord + +"that which the law of the Lord also says." This is a different place in the law. It refers to all males, whether firstborn or not. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/25.md b/luk/02/25.md index a58411f8e3..2c4347b8fa 100644 --- a/luk/02/25.md +++ b/luk/02/25.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +When Mary and Joseph are at the temple, they meet two people: Simeon, who praises God and gives a prophecy about the child, and the prophetess Anna. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **devout** - "devoted to God" or "faithful to God" -* **Comforter of Israel** - This could be translated as "the one who would comfort Israel." It is another name for the "Messiah" or "Christ." -* **the Holy Spirit was upon him** - "the Holy Spirit was with him." God was with him in a special way, and gave him wisdom and direction in his life. -* **it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit** - This could be translated as "The Holy Spirit had shown him" or "The Holy Spirit had told him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he would not die before he had seen the Lord's Christ** - This could be translated as "he would see the Lord's Christ before dying" or "he would see the Lord's Christ and die only after that." The word "Lord" here refers to God. +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# was righteous and devout + +These abstract terms can be expressed as actions. AT: "did what was right and feared God" or "obeyed God's laws and feared God" + +# consolation of Israel + +This is pointing to the many comforts to Israel when Messiah comes. AT: "the one who would comfort Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Holy Spirit was upon him + +"the Holy Spirit was with him." God was with him in a special way and gave him wisdom and direction in his life. + +# It had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Holy Spirit had shown him" or "The Holy Spirit had told him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he would not see death before he had seen the Lord's Christ + +"he would see the Lord's Messiah before he died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/27.md b/luk/02/27.md index 977d391311..8b4e70e2ca 100644 --- a/luk/02/27.md +++ b/luk/02/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Led by the Spirit -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As the Holy Spirit directed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# came -* **came** - This could be translated as "went." -* **led by the Holy Spirit** - "directed by God." AT: "the Holy Spirit directed him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the parents** - "Jesus' parents" -* **the custom of the law required** - "the law of God required" -* **received him** - "took him" -* **Now let your servant depart in peace** - This could be translated as "I am your servant. Let me depart in peace." Simeon was referring to himself. -* **depart** - This is a euphemism meaning "die." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **according to your word** - This could be translated as "as you have said" or "because you said you would." +Some languages may say "went." + +# into the temple + +"into the temple courtyard." Only priests could enter the temple building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the parents + +"Jesus' parents" + +# the custom of the law + +"the custom of the law of God" + +# he took him into his arms + +"Simeon took the infant Jesus into his arms" or "Simeon held Jesus in his arms" + +# Now let your servant depart in peace + +"I am your servant; let me depart in peace." Simeon was referring to himself. + +# depart + +This is a euphemism meaning "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# according to your word + +"as you have said" or "because you said I would" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/30.md b/luk/02/30.md index 4584545243..35a99f4bee 100644 --- a/luk/02/30.md +++ b/luk/02/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# my eyes have seen -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This expression means, "I have personally seen" or "I, myself, have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# your salvation -* Simeon continues speaking. -* **your salvation** - This refers to Jesus, the one through whom God would save people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **have prepared** - "have planned" or "caused to happen" -* **in the sight of all peoples** - "for all people groups to see" -* **He will be** - This refers to the one who will provide salvation. -* **light for revealing truth** - This could be translated as "this child will enable people to perceive accurately the truth of God, as light allows people to see accurately." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **will be the glory of your people Israel** - This could be translated as "he will be the reason that glory will come to your people Israel." +This expression refers to the person who would bring salvation—the infant Jesus—whom Simeon was holding. AT: "the savior whom you sent" or "the one whom you sent to save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# which you + +Depending on how you translate the previous phrase, this may need to be changed to "whom you." + +# have prepared + +"have planned" or "caused to happen" + +# A light + +This metaphor means that the child will help people to see and understand the same way light helps people see accurately. AT: "this child will enable people to understand as light allows people to see accurately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for revelation + +It may be necessary to state what is to be revealed. AT: "that will reveal God's truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# glory to your people Israel + +"he will be the reason that glory will come to your people Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/33.md b/luk/02/33.md index ada281c730..8fe0a8d730 100644 --- a/luk/02/33.md +++ b/luk/02/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the things which were spoken concerning him -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that Simeon said about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# said to Mary his mother -* **destined for the falling and rising of many people in Israel** - This could be translated as "destined to cause many people in Israel to fall away from God or to rise closer to God." In this metaphor the ideas of turning away from God and drawing closer to God are expressed as "rising" and "falling". This could be translated as "God has planned for him to cause some people in Israel to turn away from God and for other people in Israel to go closer to God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a sword will pierce your own soul** - This a metaphor describing the deep sadness that Mary will feel. It could be translated as "You will grieve deeply" or "Your sadness will be painful like a sword piercing your heart" or "Your heart will break." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the thoughts from many hearts may be revealed** - This could be translated as "the thoughts of many people will be revealed" or "it will be made known what many people truly think about God." +"said to the child's mother, Mary." Make sure it does not sound like Mary is the mother of Simeon. + +# Behold + +Simeon used this expression to tell Mary that what he is about to say is extremely important to her. + +# this child is appointed for the downfall and rising up of many people in Israel + +The words "downfall" and "rising up" express turning away from God and drawing closer to God. AT: "this child will cause many people in Israel to fall away from God or to rise closer to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for a sign that is rejected + +"for a message from God that many people will resist" + +# a sword will pierce your own soul + +This metaphor describes the deep sadness that Mary would feel. AT: "Your sadness will be painful as though a sword pierced your heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed + +"hearts" refer to people. AT: "the thoughts of many people will be revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/36.md b/luk/02/36.md index f27ea0b0a1..b2f710385a 100644 --- a/luk/02/36.md +++ b/luk/02/36.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# A prophetess named Anna was there -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This introduces a new participant into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# Phanuel -* **Anna** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Phanuel** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **years** - See [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]. -* **after her marriage** - "after she married him" -* **a widow for eighty-four years** - four years** - Possible meanings are 1) she had been a widow for 84 years or 2) she was a widow and was now 84 years old. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **never left the temple** - This is probably an exaggeration meaning that she spent so much time in the temple that it seemed as though she never left it. It could be translated as "was always at the temple" or it could state the meaning without the hyperbole: "was often at the temple." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **with fastings and prayers** - "by abstaining from food and by praying" -* **came up to them** - "approached them" or "went to Mary and Joseph" -* **the redemption of Jerusalem** - This could be translated as "the one who would redeem Jerusalem" or "the person who would bring God's blessings and favor back to Jerusalem." Here the word "redemption" is used to refer to the the person who would do it. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Phanuel" is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seven years + +"7 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# after her virginity + +"after she married him" + +# a widow for eighty-four years + +Possible meanings are 1) she had been a widow for 84 years or 2) she was a widow and was now 84 years old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# never left the temple + +This is probably an exaggeration meaning that she spent so much time in the temple that it seemed as though she never left it. AT: "was always at the temple" or "was often at the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# with fastings and prayers + +"by abstaining from food on many occasions and by offering many prayers" + +# came near to them + +"approached them" or "went to Mary and Joseph" + +# the redemption of Jerusalem + +Here the word "redemption" is used to refer to the person who would do it. AT: "the one who would redeem Jerusalem" or "the person who would bring God's blessings and favor back to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/39.md b/luk/02/39.md index 257df5c6b1..e2145a55bc 100644 --- a/luk/02/39.md +++ b/luk/02/39.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Mary, Joseph, and Jesus leave the town of Bethlehem and return to the city of Nazareth for his childhood. -## translationNotes +# they were required to do according to the law of the Lord -* **that they were required to do according to the law of the Lord** - Possible meanings are 1) "that the law of the Lord required them to do" or 2) "that the law which the Lord commanded required them to do." -* **increasing in wisdom** - "became more wise" or "learned what was wise" -* **the grace of God was upon him** - This could be translated as "God blessed him" or "God was with him in a special way." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the law of the Lord required them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their own town of Nazareth + +This phrase means they lived in Nazareth. Make sure it does not sound like they owned the town. AT: "the town of Nazareth, where they lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# increasing in wisdom + +"becoming more wise" or "learning what was wise" + +# the grace of God was upon him + +"God blessed him" or "God was with him in a special way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/41.md b/luk/02/41.md index 8cf103e322..98fb9cbb71 100644 --- a/luk/02/41.md +++ b/luk/02/41.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] +When Jesus is 12 years old, he goes to Jerusalem with his family. While he is there, he asks and answers questions of the temple teachers. -## translationNotes +# His parents went ... Festival of the Passover -* **his parents** - "Jesus' parents" -* **they went up** - Jerusalem was on a hill, so people had to go up to it. -* **after they had stayed the full number of days for the feast** - "when all the days of celebrating the feast were over" or "after celebrating the feast for the required number of days" -* **they assumed** - "they thought" -* **the traveled a day's journey** - "they traveled one day" or "they went as far as people walk in one day" +This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# His parents + +"Jesus' parents" + +# they again went up + +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem. + +# at the customary time + +"at the normal time" or "as they did every year" + +# After they had stayed the full number of days for the feast + +"When the entire time for celebrating the feast was over" or "After celebrating the feast for the required number of days" + +# the feast + +This was another name for the Festival of the Passover, since it involved eating a ceremonial meal. + +# They assumed + +"They thought" + +# they traveled a day's journey + +"they traveled one day" or "they went as far as people walk in one day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/45.md b/luk/02/45.md index 1a916c8518..15d6572cc7 100644 --- a/luk/02/45.md +++ b/luk/02/45.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# in the temple -* **When they did not find him** - "When Mary and Joseph did not find Jesus" -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in the temple** - This could be translated as "in the temple courtyard" or "at the temple." -* **in the middle of** - This does not mean the exact center. Rather, it means "among" or "together with" or "in the midst of" (UDB). -* **the teachers** - "the religious teachers" or "those who taught people about God" -* **at his understanding** - This could be translated as "at how much he understood" or "that he understood so much about God." -* **his answers** - This could also be translated as "at how well he answered them" or "that he answered their questions so well." +This refers to the courtyard around the temple. Only the priests were allowed in the temple. AT: "in the temple courtyard" or "at the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the middle of + +This does not mean the exact center. Rather, it means "among" or "together with" or "surrounded by." + +# the teachers + +"the religious teachers" or "those who taught people about God" + +# All who heard him were amazed + +They could not understand how a twelve year old boy with no religious education could answer so well. + +# at his understanding + +"at how much he understood" or "that he understood so much about God" + +# his answers + +"at how well he answered them" or "that he answered their questions so well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/48.md b/luk/02/48.md index 2d16e59cec..dfb3c062c4 100644 --- a/luk/02/48.md +++ b/luk/02/48.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When they saw him -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"When Mary and Joseph found Jesus" -## translationNotes +# why have you treated us this way? -* **When they saw him** - "When Mary and Joseph found Jesus" -* **Why have you treated us this way?** - This could be translated as "How could you do this?" This was somewhat of an indirect rebuke because he had not gone with them on the way back home. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why were you searching for me?** - This could be translated as "Why did you two keep looking for me in other places?" -* **Behold** - This phrase is often used to show the beginning of a new or important event. It also can be used to show where the action begins. If your language has a phrase that is used in this way, consider whether it would be natural to use it here. -* **Did you not know…?** - This starts a rhetorical question. Jesus was not trying to find out if they knew or not. Rather he was telling them something. It could be translated as “You should have known.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **at my Father's house** - Possible meanings are 1) "at my Father's house" or 2) "about my Father's business." In either case, when Jesus said "my Father" he was referring to God. If he meant "house," then he was referring to the temple. If he meant "business," he was referring to the work God had given him to do. But since the next verse says that his parents did not understand what he was telling them, it would be best not to explain it more. +This was an indirect rebuke because he had not gone with them on the way back home. This caused them to worry about him. AT: "you should not have done this to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Listen + +This word is often used to show the beginning of a new or important event. It also can be used to show where the action begins. If your language has a phrase that is used in this way, consider whether it would be natural to use it here. + +# Why were you searching for me? + +Jesus uses two questions to mildly rebuke his parents, and to begin to tell them that he had a purpose from his heavenly Father that they did not understand. AT: "You did not need to be concerned about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did you not know ... house? + +Jesus uses this second question to try to say that his parents should have known about the purpose for which his Father sent him. AT: "You should have known ... house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my Father + +At age 12, Jesus, the Son of God, understood that God was his real Father (not Joseph, Mary's husband). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in my Father's house + +Possible meanings are 1) "in my Father's house" or 2) "about my Father's business." In either case, when Jesus said "my Father" he was referring to God. If he meant "house," then he was referring to the temple. If he meant "business," he was referring to the work God had given him to do. But since the next verse says that his parents did not understand what he was telling them, it would be best not to explain it more. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/51.md b/luk/02/51.md index 41e9e6cee5..3758c0f590 100644 --- a/luk/02/51.md +++ b/luk/02/51.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he went back home with them -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"Jesus went back home with Mary and Joseph" -## translationNotes +# was obedient to them -* **he went back home with them** - "Jesus went back home with Mary and Joseph" -* **was obedient to them** - "obeyed them" or "was always obeying them" -* **treasured all these things in her heart** - "carefully remembered all these things" or "joyfully thought about all these things." A treasure is something that is very valuable or precious. Mary considered the things her son did and said to be very precious. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **grow in wisdom and stature** - "become more wise and strong" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **increased in favor with God and people** - This could be translated as "people liked him more and more, and God blessed him more and more." +"obeyed them" or "was always obeying them" + +# treasured all these things in her heart + +The things that Mary heard are spoken of as if they were treasures that she carefully saved and valued. AT: "carefully remembered all these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in her heart + +This expression refers to her deepest, most personal thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# grow in wisdom and stature + +"become wiser and stronger." These refer to mental and physical growth. + +# increased in favor with God and people + +This refers to spiritual and social growth. These could be stated separately. AT: "God blessed him more and more, and people liked him more and more." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/intro.md b/luk/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9a9584d6f --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Luke 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart long prayers, songs or prophesies. For this reason, the ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:14, 29-32. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "There was no room for them" ##### +Luke's account of the birth of Christ does not contain as many details as the other gospels. Luke must not have thought these details were significant, possibly because of the birth narratives in other gospels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/01.md b/luk/03/01.md index cff2ba9812..952238ed06 100644 --- a/luk/03/01.md +++ b/luk/03/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:annas]] -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:caiaphas]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:tetrarch]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahnt]] +As the prophet Isaiah had foretold, John begins to preach good news to the people. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now** - This marks a new section of the story. -* **fifteenth year** - See [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]. -* **Philip...Lysanias** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ituraea and Trachonitis...Abilene** - These are names of territories. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas** - They were serving together as high priests. +These verses give background information to tell what is happening when Jesus' cousin John begins his ministry. + +# In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar + +"when Tiberius Caesar had ruled for fifteen years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Philip ... Lysanias + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ituraea and Trachonitis ... Abilene + +These are names of territories. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas + +"while Annas and Caiaphas were serving together as the high priest." Annas was the high priest, and the Jews continued to recognize him as such even after the Romans appointed his son-in-law, Caiaphas, to replace him as high priest. + +# the word of God came + +This idiom is used to explain that a God gave a message to someone. AT: "God spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/03.md b/luk/03/03.md index 3d8cee1612..a647328002 100644 --- a/luk/03/03.md +++ b/luk/03/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# preaching a baptism of repentance -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The terms "baptism" and "repentance" could be stated as actions. AT: "and he preached that people should be baptized to show that they were repenting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# for the forgiveness of sins -* **He traveled ** - "John traveled" -* **preaching a baptism of repentance** - This could be translated as "preached that people should be baptized to show that they were repenting of their sins." -* **for the forgiveness of sins** - "so that their sins would be forgiven" or "so that God would forgive their sins." The repentance was for the forgiveness of sins. +They would repent so that God would forgive their sins. The term "forgiveness" can be stated as an action. AT: "so that their sins would be forgiven" or "so that God would forgive their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/04.md b/luk/03/04.md index 6ce82bd2a7..3b6a4fce5c 100644 --- a/luk/03/04.md +++ b/luk/03/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +The author, Luke, quotes a passage from Isaiah the prophet concerning John the Baptist. -## translationNotes +# As it is written ... prophet -* **As it is written … prophet** - This could be translated as "This happened as Isaiah the prophet had written in his book" or "John fulfilled the words that the prophet Isaiah had written in his book." Verses 4-6 are a quotation from Isaiah [[:en:bible:notes:isa:40:03]]. -* **Make ready….make his paths straight** - This section is in the style of Hebrew poetry, which often repeats important phrases in similar words. "Make ready the way of the Lord" is therefore another way to say "Make his paths straight." The main difference is the first indicates it happens once, while the second should continue to be done. -* **Make ready the way of the Lord** - This metaphor of a road means "Repent and be ready for when the Lord comes." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the way** - "the path" or "the road" -* **Make his paths straight** - This image of a path is also a metaphor that means "Be continually ready for the Lord to come." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Verses 4-6 are a quotation from Isaiah. They can be stated in active form. AT: "This happened as Isaiah the prophet had written in his book" or "John fulfilled the words that the prophet Isaiah had written in his book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A voice of one calling out in the wilderness + +This can be expressed as a sentence. AT: "The voice of one calling out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone calling out in the wilderness" + +# Make ready the way of the Lord ... make his paths straight + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Make ready the way of the Lord + +"Get the road ready for the Lord." Doing this represents being prepared to hear the Lord's message when he comes. People do this by repenting of their sins. AT: "Prepare to hear the Lord's message when he comes" or "Repent and be ready for the Lord to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the way + +"the path" or "the road" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/05.md b/luk/03/05.md index ee91e45cf6..ef786f4465 100644 --- a/luk/03/05.md +++ b/luk/03/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Every valley will be filled ... every mountain and hill will be made low -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +When people prepare the road for an important person who is coming, they cut down the high places and fill in the low places so that the road will be level. This is part of the metaphor started in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Every valley will be filled -* The quote from Isaiah's prophecy continues. -* **Every valley will be filled** - This could also be translated as "They will fill in every low place in the road." When people prepare the road for an important person who is coming, they fill in the low places with dirt so that the road will be level. This is part of the metaphor started in the previous verse. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Every mountain and hill will be made level** - This could also be translated as "They will level every mountain and hill" or "They will remove every high place in the the road." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **see the salvation of God** - This could be translated as "learn about how God saves people from sin." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They will fill in every low place in the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every mountain and hill will be made low + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will level every mountain and hill" or "they will remove every high place in the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# see the salvation of God + +This can be stated as an action. AT: "learn how God saves people from sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/07.md b/luk/03/07.md index d969fc7f5e..a78d2fd8f9 100644 --- a/luk/03/07.md +++ b/luk/03/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to be baptized by him -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for John to baptize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# You offspring of vipers -* **to be baptized by him** - "for John to baptize them" -* **You offspring of poisonous snakes** - This is a metaphor. Poisonous snakes are dangerous and represent evil. This could be translated as "You evil poisonous snakes!" or "You are evil like poisonous snakes." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who warned you** - This phrase begins a rhetorical question. John was rebuking the people because they were asking him to baptize them so that God would not punish them, but they did not want to stop sinning. The whole rhetorical question could be translated as "You can't flee from God's wrath like this" or "Do you think that you can flee from God's wrath just by being baptized?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **from the wrath that is coming** - This could be translated as "from the punishment that is coming" or "from God's wrath that he is about to act on" or "because God is about to punish you." The word "wrath" is being used to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a metaphor. Here "offspring" means "having the characteristic of." Vipers are poisonous snakes that are dangerous and represent evil. AT: "You evil poisonous snakes!" or "You are evil like poisonous snakes! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who warned you ... coming? + +He was not really expecting them to answer. John was rebuking the people because they were asking him to baptize them so that God would not punish them, but they did not want to stop sinning. AT: "You cannot flee from God's wrath like this!" or "You cannot escape from God's wrath just by being baptized!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# from the wrath that is coming + +The word "wrath" is used here to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. AT: "from the punishment that God is sending" or "from God's wrath on which he is about to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/08.md b/luk/03/08.md index f33b3dc946..e508783bdf 100644 --- a/luk/03/08.md +++ b/luk/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# produce fruits that are worthy of repentance -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +In this metaphor, a person's behavior is compared to fruit. Just as a plant is expected to produce fruit that is appropriate for that kind of plant, a person who says that he has repented is expected to live righteously. AT: "produce the kind of fruit that shows that you have repented" or "do the good things that show that you have turned away from your sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to say within yourselves -* John continues speaking to the crowds. -* **produce fruits that come from repentance** - This could also be translated as "Produce the kind of fruit that shows that you have repented" or "Do the good things that show that you have turned away from your sin." In this metaphor a person's behavior is compared to fruit. Just as a plant is expected to produce fruit that is appropriate for that kind of plant, a person who says that he has repented from his sin is expected to live righteously. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **saying within yourselves** - "saying to yourselves" or "saying in your heart" or "thinking" -* **We have Abraham for our father** - "Abraham is our ancestor" or "We are Abraham's descendants." If it is unclear why they would say this, you may also add the implied information "So God won't punish us." +"saying to yourselves" or "thinking" + +# We have Abraham for our father + +"Abraham is our ancestor" or "We are Abraham's descendants." If it is unclear why they would say this, you may also add the implied information: "so God will not punish us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# raise up children for Abraham + +This idiom means "create children for Abraham" or "cause people to become descendants of Abraham." + +# from these stones + +John was probably referring to the actual stones along the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/09.md b/luk/03/09.md index bfe62eb2e8..9badb4ec53 100644 --- a/luk/03/09.md +++ b/luk/03/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# now the ax is set against the root of the trees -* [[en:tw:ax]] +The ax that is in position so it can cut the roots of a tree is a metaphor for the punishment that is about to begin. It can be stated in active form. AT: "God is like the man who has placed his ax against the root of the trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down -* John continues speaking to the crowd. -* **the ax has been placed against the root of the trees ** - This metaphor means that the punishment is about to start. This could be translated as "It is as if the ax has already been placed against the root of the trees" or "God is like a man who has placed his ax against the root of the trees." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down ** - This is a passive clause. It can be translated with an active clause "He chops down every tree that does not produce good fruit." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **thrown into the fire ** - This can be translated with an active clause "throws it into the fire." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he chops down every tree that does not produce good fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thrown into the fire + +"fire" is also a metaphor for punishment. This can be stated in active form. AT: "throws it into the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/10.md b/luk/03/10.md index 7abc0a937d..91470f528c 100644 --- a/luk/03/10.md +++ b/luk/03/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +John begins to respond to questions that people in the crowd ask him. -## translationNotes +# asking him, saying -* **asked him, saying** - "asked him and said" or "asked John" -* **answered and said to them** - "answered them, saying" or "answered them" or "said" -* **do likewise** - "do the same thing." It can be translated here as "give food to someone who does not have any." +"asking him and said" or "asking John" + +# answered and said to them + +"answered them, saying" or "answered them" or "said" + +# do the same + +"share extra food just as you shared the extra tunic." This refers back to giving food to those in need. AT: "give food to someone who does not have any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/12.md b/luk/03/12.md index 4816d43031..cf2552acc4 100644 --- a/luk/03/12.md +++ b/luk/03/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to be baptized -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for John to baptize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not collect more money -* **to be baptized** - "for John to baptize them" -* **Do not collect more money** - "Do not ask for more money" or "Stop collecting more money." The tax collectors were collecting more money than they should have been. They should stop doing that as proof of their repentance. -* **than you are supposed to** - "than you have been given authority to take" +"Do not ask for more money" or "Do not demand more money." The tax collectors were collecting more money than they should have been. They should stop doing that. + +# than you have been ordered to collect + +This is passive to show that the tax collector's authority comes from Rome. AT: "than what the Romans have authorized you to take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/14.md b/luk/03/14.md index 093eeb0793..55a953e37e 100644 --- a/luk/03/14.md +++ b/luk/03/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# What about us? What must we do? -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] +"How about us soldiers, what must we do?" John is not included in the words "us" and "we." The soldiers have implied that John had told the crowd and the tax collector what they must do and want to know what they as soldiers are to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# do not accuse anyone falsely -* **soldiers** - "men serving in the army" -* **What about us? What must we do?** - This could be translated as "You told the crowd and the tax collector what they must do. How about us soldiers, what must we do?" John is not included in the words "us" and "we." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **do not accuse anyone falsely** - This could be translated as "In the same way, do not accuse anyone falsely in order to get money from them" or "Do not say that an innocent person has done something illegal." The soldiers were making false charges against people in order to get money. -* **Be content with your wages** - "Be satisfied with your pay" or "Be satisfied with what you are paid" +It seems that the soldiers were making false charges against people in order to get money. This can be stated clearly. AT: "in the same way, do not accuse anyone falsely in order to get money from them" or "do not say that an innocent person has done something illegal" + +# Be content with your wages + +"Be satisfied with your pay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/15.md b/luk/03/15.md index eb8b1c0c37..9fc9da81fb 100644 --- a/luk/03/15.md +++ b/luk/03/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# as the people -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +"because the people." This refers to the same people who came to John. -## translationNotes +# wondering in their hearts -* **as the people** - This refers to the same people who came to John. This could be translated as "because the people." -* **I baptize you with water** - "I baptize using water" or "I baptize by means of water" -* **not worthy even to untie the strap of his sandals** - This could be translated as "not important enough even to loosen the straps of his sandals." Untying the straps of sandals was a duty of a slave. John was saying that the one who would come is so great that John was not even worthy enough to be his slave. -* **sandals** - "shoes" or "flip-flops" or "thongs" -* **He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire** - This metaphor compares literal baptism that brings a person into contact with water to a spiritual baptism that brings them into contact with the Holy Spirit and with fire. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **fire** - Here this refers to God's power. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This expression here means "thinking about them silently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# John answered by saying to them all + +John's answer about a greater person coming clearly implies that John is not the Christ. It may be helpful to state this clearly for your audience. AT: "John clarified that he was not the Christ by saying to them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I baptize you with water + +"I baptize using water" or "I baptize by means of water" + +# not worthy even to untie the strap of his sandals + +"not important enough even to loosen the straps of his sandals." Untying the straps of sandals was a duty of a slave. John was saying that the one who would come is so great that John was not even worthy enough to be his slave. + +# He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire + +This metaphor compares literal baptism that brings a person into contact with water to a spiritual baptism that brings them into contact with the Holy Spirit and with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fire + +Here the word "fire" may refer to 1) judgment or 2) purification. It is preferred to leave it as "fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/17.md b/luk/03/17.md index 88e9e4c9e7..1010a83e9a 100644 --- a/luk/03/17.md +++ b/luk/03/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# His winnowing fork is in his hand -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:storehouse]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] +"He is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready." John speaks of the Christ coming to judge people as if he were a farmer who is ready to separate wheat grain from chaff. AT: "He is ready to judge people like a farmer who is ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# winnowing fork -* John continues teaching about the Christ. -* **His winnowing fork...** - This metaphor compares how the Christ will separate the righteous people from the unrighteous people to how a man separates wheat grain from chaff. It can be translated as a simile to make the connection more clear: "The Christ is like a man whose winnowing fork is in his hand."(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **His winnowing fork is in his hand** - This can be translated as "He is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **winnowing fork** - This is a tool for tossing wheat up into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar to a pitchfork. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **his threshing floor** - AT: "his ground" or "the ground where he separates the grain from the chaff" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **to gather the wheat** - This could also be translated as "Then he will gather the wheat." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **burn up the chaff** - The chaff is not useful for anything, so people burn it up. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is a tool for tossing wheat into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar to a pitchfork. + +# to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor + +The threshing floor is the place where wheat was stacked in preparation for threshing. To "clear off" the floor means to finish threshing the grain. AT: "to finish threshing his grain" + +# to gather the wheat + +The wheat is the acceptable harvest that is kept and stored. + +# will burn up the chaff + +The chaff is not useful for anything, so people burn it up. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/18.md b/luk/03/18.md index 4a4c736cf5..17b9dd82ed 100644 --- a/luk/03/18.md +++ b/luk/03/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:herodias]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:tetrarch]] +The story tells what is going to happen to John but has not happened at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# With many other exhortations -* **with many other exhortations** - This could be translated as "with many other strong urgings" or "John encouraged the people many times to repent and..." -* **rebuked Herod the tetrarch** - "told Herod the tetrarch that he had sinned." Herod was a tetrarch, not a king. He had only limited rule over the region of Galilee. -* **for marrying his brother's wife** - "because Herod married his own brother's wife" -* **he had John locked up in prison** - "he told his soldiers to put John in jail" +"With many other strong urgings" + +# Herod the tetrarch + +Herod was a tetrarch, not a king. He had only limited rule over the region of Galilee. + +# for marrying his brother's wife Herodias + +"because Herod married Herodias, his own brother's wife." This was evil because Herod's brother was still alive. This can be stated clearly. AT: "because he married his brother's wife, Herodias, while his brother was still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he locked John up in prison + +Because Herod was tetrarch, he probably locked John up by ordering his soldiers to lock John up. AT: "he had his soldiers lock John up in prison" or "he told his soldiers to put John in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/21.md b/luk/03/21.md index caebd12ef2..4379601e92 100644 --- a/luk/03/21.md +++ b/luk/03/21.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Jesus begins his ministry with his baptism. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now it came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **while all the people were being baptized by John** - The phrase "all the people" refers to the people present with John. This could be translated as "while John was baptizing all the people." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Jesus also was baptized by John** - This could be translated as "John baptized Jesus, too." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the heavens opened up** - "the sky opened" or "the sky became open." This is more than a simple clearing of clouds, but it's not clear what it means. It possibly means that a hole appeared in the sky. -* **the Holy Spirit came down on him** - "the Holy Spirit came down onto Jesus" -* **in bodily form like a dove** - "in physical form looking like a dove" +The previous verse says that Herod put John in prison. It might be helpful to make it clear that the account starting in verse 21 happened before John was arrested. The UDB does this by starting verse 21 with "But before John was put in prison." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# Now it came about + +This phrase marks the beginning of a new event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# when all the people were baptized + +"while John baptized all the people." The phrase "all the people" refers to the people present with John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jesus also was baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "John baptized Jesus also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the heavens opened + +"the sky opened" or "the sky became open." This is more than a simple clearing of clouds, but it's not clear what it means. It possibly means that a hole appeared in the sky. + +# the Holy Spirit in bodily form came down on him like a dove + +"in physical form the Holy Spirit came down like a dove onto Jesus" + +# a voice came from heaven + +Here "a voice came from heaven" represents people on earth hearing God in heaven speaking. It can be made clear that God spoke to Jesus. AT: "a voice from heaven said" or "God spoke to Jesus from heaven, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/23.md b/luk/03/23.md index 1c9f6c98d7..f8c8711521 100644 --- a/luk/03/23.md +++ b/luk/03/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] +Luke lists the ancestors of Jesus through the line of his supposed father, Joseph. -## translationNotes +# When -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about about Jesus’ age and ancestors. It ends after Luke 3:37. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Jesus himself** - "this Jesus" or "this person Jesus." -* **thirty years of age** - AT: "30 years old" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]], [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) -* **He was the son (as was supposed) of Joseph** - "He was known as the son of Joseph" or "It was thought that he was the son of Joseph" or "People assumed that he was the son of Joseph" -* **the son of Heli** - Some translators may want to start a new sentence with "Joseph was the son of Heli" or "Joseph's father was Heli." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the son of Heli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi…** - The phrase "the son" is implied information. The text simply says "of Heli, of Matthat, of Levi…" This list could be translated as "who was the son of Heli, who was the son of Matthat, who was the son of Levi…" or "Joseph was the son of Heli, Heli was the son of Matthat, Matthat was the son of Levi" or "Heli's father was Matthat, Matthat's father was Levi…" Consider how people normally list ancestors in your language. You can use the same wording throughout the whole list. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jesus' age and ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# thirty years of age + +"30 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He was the son (as it was assumed) of Joseph + +"It was thought that he was the son of Joseph" or "People assumed that he was the son of Joseph" + +# the son of Heli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi + +Consider how people normally list ancestors in your language. You should use the same wording throughout the whole list. Possible formats are 1) "who was the son of Heli, who was the son of Matthat, who was the son of Levi" or 2) "Joseph was the son of Heli, Heli was the son of Matthat, Matthat was the son of Levi" or 3) "Heli's father was Matthat, Matthat's father was Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/25.md b/luk/03/25.md index 4b53ed4ee5..560d5693ab 100644 --- a/luk/03/25.md +++ b/luk/03/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos ... Joda - -## translationNotes - -* This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the son of Matthathias, the son of Amos...** - This could be translated as “who was the son of Matthathias, who was the son of Amos...” or “Joseph was the son of Matthathias, Matthathias was the son of Amos...” or “Joseph's father was Mattathias, Matthathias's father was Amos....” Use the same wording as you used in the previous verses. +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/27.md b/luk/03/27.md index 625847b645..20ad086e56 100644 --- a/luk/03/27.md +++ b/luk/03/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa ... Levi -* [[en:tw:zerubbabel]] +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the son of Salathiel -* This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa...** - This could be translated as “who was the son of Joanan, who was the son of Rhesa...” or “Joda was the son of Joanan, Joanan was the son of Rhesa...” or “Joda's father was Joanan, Joanan's father was Rhesa....” Use the same wording as you used in the previous verses. +The name Salathiel may be a different spelling of the name Shealtiel (as some versions have it), but identification is difficult. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/30.md b/luk/03/30.md index 66e633a98a..7629408613 100644 --- a/luk/03/30.md +++ b/luk/03/30.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the son of Simeon, the son of Judah ... Nahshon -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] - -## translationNotes - -* This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the son of Simeon, the son of Judah…** - This could be translated as “who was the son of Simeon, who was the son of Judah…” or “Levi was the son of Simeon, Simeon was the son of Judah…” or “Levi's father was Simeon, Simeon's father was Judah….” Use the same wording as you used in the previous verses. +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/33.md b/luk/03/33.md index 16e8f44314..eaf3c3a6a2 100644 --- a/luk/03/33.md +++ b/luk/03/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin ... Shelah -* [[en:tw:Nahor]] -* [[en:tw:Terah]] -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] - -## translationNotes - -* This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin...** - This could be translated as “who was the son of Amminadab, who was the son of Admin...” or “Levi was the son of Amminadab, Simeon was the son of Admin...” or “Nashon's father was Amminadab, Amminadab's father was Admin....” Use the same wording as you used in the previous verses. +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/36.md b/luk/03/36.md index 612dc534ee..7b369ab21a 100644 --- a/luk/03/36.md +++ b/luk/03/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad ... Adam -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:enoch]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lamech]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:seth]] -* [[en:tw:shem]] +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Adam, the son of God -* This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad...** - This could be translated as “who was the son of Cainan, who was the son of Arphaxad...” or “Levi was the son of Cainan, Cainan was the son of Arphaxad...” or “Shelah's father was Cainan, Cainan's father was Arphaxad....” Use the same wording as you used in the previous verses. -* **Adam, the son of God** - This could be translated as "Adam, created by God" or "Adam, who was from God" or "Adam, the son, we could say, of God." +"Adam, created by God" or "Adam, who was from God" or "Adam, the son, we could say, of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/intro.md b/luk/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b194b60ea7 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Luke 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:4-6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice ##### +John's instructions to the soldiers and tax collectors in this chapter are not complicated. They are things that should have been obvious to them. He instructed them to live justly. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [Luke 3:12-15](./12.md)) + +##### Genealogy ##### +A genealogy is a list which records a person's ancestors or descendants. Such lists were very important in determining who had the right be king, because the king's authority was usually passed down or inherited from his father. It was also common for other important people to have a recorded genealogy. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Prophecy often involves the use of metaphors to express its meaning. Spiritual discernment is needed for proper interpretation of the prophecy. The prophecy of Isaiah is an extended metaphor describing the ministry of John the Baptist ([Luke 3:4-6](./04.md)). Translation is difficult. It is suggested that the translator treat each line of the ULB as a separate metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "(Herod) had John locked up in prison" ##### +This event can cause confusion because the author says John was imprisoned and then says he was baptizing Jesus. The author probably uses this phrase in anticipation of Herod's imprisonment of John. This would mean that this statement is still in the future at the time of the narrative. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/01.md b/luk/04/01.md index bbb5959344..8b295216bd 100644 --- a/luk/04/01.md +++ b/luk/04/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:filled]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] +The devil meets Jesus to try to tempt him to sin after Jesus fasts for 40 days. -## translationNotes +# Then Jesus -* **Then** - This refers to after John baptized Jesus. It could be translated as "Then after Jesus was baptized." -* **was led by the Spirit** - This could be translated in active voice as "the Spirit led him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **forty days** - AT: "40 days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]], [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday]]) -* **was tempted there by the devil** - This could be translated as "was tempted by the devil to disobey God." It is not clear if he was tempted throughout the time, or at the end of the time. This can also be translated in active voice as "the devil tempted him there." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he did not eat** - "He" refers to Jesus. +This refers to after John baptized Jesus. AT: "After Jesus was baptized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# was led by the Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Spirit led him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for forty days he was tempted + +Most versions say that the temptation was throughout the forty days. The UDB states "While he was there, the devil kept tempting him" to make this clear. + +# forty days + +"40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# was tempted by the devil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the devil tempted him there to disobey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He ate nothing + +The word "he" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/03.md b/luk/04/03.md index 1b444b2355..37a4093b4c 100644 --- a/luk/04/03.md +++ b/luk/04/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# If you are the Son of God -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +The devil challenges Jesus to do this miracle in order to prove that he is "the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# this stone -* **If you are the Son of God** - The devil was probably challenging Jesus to prove that he was the Son of God. -* **this stone** - The devil was either holding a stone in his hand or pointing to a nearby stone. -* **It is written** - AT: "Moses has written in the scriptures." The quotation is from Deuteronomy [[:en:bible:notes:deu:08:03]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Man will not live on bread alone** - This could be translated as "People cannot live on just bread" or "It is not just food that makes a person live." The word "bread" is used to refer to food in general. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) The point is that food is not enough to sustain a person. People need to obey God. Jesus was quoting the scripture to say why he would not turn the stone into bread. +The devil either holds a stone in his hand or points to a nearby stone. + +# Jesus answered him + +Jesus' rejection of the devil's challenge is clearly implied in his answer. It may be helpful to state this clearly for your audience, as the UDB does: "Jesus replied, 'No, I will not do that'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is written + +The quotation is from Moses' writings in the Old Testament. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses has written in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Man does not live on bread alone + +The word "bread" refers to food in general. Food as compared to God, by itself, is not enough to sustain a person. Jesus quotes the scripture to say why he would not turn the stone into bread. AT: "People cannot live on just bread" or "It is not just food that makes a person live" or "God says there are more important things than food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/05.md b/luk/04/05.md index 4e6e436eb0..3f8dd29299 100644 --- a/luk/04/05.md +++ b/luk/04/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a high place -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"a high mountain" -## translationNotes +# in an instant of time -* **a high place** - "a high mountain" -* **in a moment of time** - "in an instant" or "instantly" -* **Therefore** - "So" -* **if you will bow down before me and worship me** - This could be translated as "if you will kneel before me" or "if you will bow down to worship me" or "if you will worship me by bowing down to me." -* **all of this will be yours** - This could be translated as "I will give all these kingdoms to you." +"in an instant" or "instantly" + +# they have been given to me + +This can be stated in active form. Possibly meanings are that "them" refers to 1) the authority and splendor of the kingdoms or 2) the kingdoms. AT: "God has given them to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if you will bow down ... worship me + +These two phrases are very similar. They can be combined. AT: "if you will bow down in worship to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# it will be yours + +"I will give you all these kingdoms, with their splendor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/08.md b/luk/04/08.md index 07e646ce60..2ad1c71fc7 100644 --- a/luk/04/08.md +++ b/luk/04/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But Jesus answered ... It is written -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This contrast implies that Jesus refused to do what the devil asked. It may be helpful to state this clearly for your audience. AT: "But Jesus replied, 'No, I will not worship you, because it is written'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# answered and said to him -* **answered and said to him** - "responded to him" or "replied to him" -* **It is written** - AT: "Moses has written in the scriptures." Jesus was quoting Deuteronomy [[:en:bible:notes:deu:06:13]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You must worship the Lord your God** - Jesus was quoting a law from the scriptures to say why he would not worship the devil. -* **you** - This refers to the people in the Old Testament who received God's Law. You could use the singular form of 'you' because each person was to obey it, or you could use the plural form of 'you' because all of the people were to obey it. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **him** - This refers to the Lord God. +"responded to him" or "replied to him" + +# It is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses has written in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will worship the Lord your God + +Jesus was quoting a command from the scriptures to say why he would not worship the devil. + +# You + +This refers to the people in the Old Testament who received God's Law. You could use the singular form of 'you' because each person was to obey it, or you could use the plural form of 'you' because all of the people were to obey it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# him + +The word "him" refers to the Lord God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/09.md b/luk/04/09.md index 320112f08d..7fd37e5a88 100644 --- a/luk/04/09.md +++ b/luk/04/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the very highest point -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This was the corner of the temple roof. If someone fell from there, they would be seriously injured or die. -## translationNotes +# If you are the Son of God -* **the very highest point** - This was the corner of the temple roof. If someone slipped or jumped from there, they would be seriously injured or die. -* **If you are the Son of God** - The devil was probably challenging Jesus to prove that he was the Son of God. -* **throw yourself down** - "jump down to the ground" -* **It is written** - AT: "The Psalmist has written.” The devil partially quoted Psalm [[:en:bible:notes:psa:091:010]] in an effort to persuade Jesus to jump off the building. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He will command** - "He" refers to God. +The devil was challenging Jesus to prove that he was the Son of God. + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# throw yourself down + +"jump down to the ground" + +# For it is written + +The devil implies that his quote from the Psalms means Jesus will not be hurt if he is the Son of God. This can be stated clearly, as the UDB does: AT: "You will not be hurt, because it is written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the writer has written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will give orders + +"He" refers to God. The devil partially quoted from the Psalms in an effort to persuade Jesus to jump off the building. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/12.md b/luk/04/12.md index e68206c308..6960239438 100644 --- a/luk/04/12.md +++ b/luk/04/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It is said -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +Jesus tells the devil why he will not do what the devil told him to do. His refusal to do it can be stated clearly. AT: "No, I will not do that, because it is said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# It is said -* **it is said** - AT: "Moses has said" or "Moses has said in the scriptures." Jesus quotes Deuteronomy [[:en:bible:notes:deu:06:16]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You must not test the Lord your God** - This can be translated as "Do not test the Lord your God." Jesus quoted this Scripture to say why he would not put God to the test by jumping down from the temple. This command is for God's people. -* **until another time** - "until another occasion" +Jesus quotes from the writings of Moses in Deuteronomy. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses has said" or "Moses has said in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do not put the Lord your God to the test + +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus should not test God by jumping off the temple, or 2) the devil should not test Jesus to see if he is the Son of God. It is best to translate the verse as stated rather than to try to explain the meaning. + +# until another time + +"until another occasion" + +# had finished testing Jesus + +This does not imply that the devil was successful in his temptation—Jesus resisted every attempt. This can be stated clearly. AT: "had finished trying to tempt Jesus" or "stopped trying to tempt Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/14.md b/luk/04/14.md index 489662ca39..062421a8d7 100644 --- a/luk/04/14.md +++ b/luk/04/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Jesus returns to Galilee, teaches in the synagogue, and tells the people there that he is fulfilling scripture of Isaiah the prophet. -## translationNotes +# Then Jesus returned -* **with the power of the Spirit ** - This could be translated as "and the Spirit was giving him power." God was with Jesus in a special way, enabling him to do things that humans usually couldn't. -* **news about him spread** - This could be translated as "people spread the news about Jesus" or "people told other people about Jesus" or "knowledge about him was passed on from person to person." Those who heard Jesus told other people about him, and then those other people told even more people about him. -* **throughout the entire surrounding region** - This refers to the areas or places around Galilee. -* **everyone praised him** - "everyone said great things about him" or "all the people spoke about him in a good way" +This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# in the power of the Spirit + +"and the Spirit was giving him power." God was with Jesus in a special way, enabling him to do things that humans usually could not. + +# news about him spread + +Those who heard Jesus told other people about him, and then those other people told even more people about him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people spread the news about Jesus" or "people told other people about Jesus" or "knowledge about him was passed on from person to person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# throughout the entire surrounding region + +This refers to the areas or places around Galilee. + +# was praised by all + +"everyone said great things about him" or "all the people spoke about him in a good way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/16.md b/luk/04/16.md index 5f159c132e..64c9d70dfc 100644 --- a/luk/04/16.md +++ b/luk/04/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# where he had been raised -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +where his parents had raised him" or "where he lived when he was a child" or "where he grew up" -## translationNotes +# as was his custom -* **where he had been brought up** - This could be translated as "where his parents had raised him" or "where he grew up" or "where he lived when he was as a child". -* **As was his custom** - "As he normally did". It was his usual practice to go to the synagogue on the Sabbath day. -* **The scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him** - This can also be translated with an active clause, as in "Someone gave him the scroll of the prophet Isaiah." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **scroll of the prophet Isaiah** - This refers to the book of Isaiah written on a scroll. Isaiah had written the words many years before, and someone else had copied them onto a scroll. -* **the place where it was written** - "the place in the scroll where it said" or "the place in the scroll with these words" +"as he did each Sabbath." It was his usual practice to go to the synagogue on the Sabbath day. + +# The scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone gave him the scroll of the prophet Isaiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# scroll of the prophet Isaiah + +This refers to the book of Isaiah written on a scroll. Isaiah had written the words many years before, and someone else had copied them onto a scroll. + +# the place where it was written + +"the place in the scroll with these words." This sentence continues on into the next verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/18.md b/luk/04/18.md index 90acba88a2..7a7fda98af 100644 --- a/luk/04/18.md +++ b/luk/04/18.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The Spirit of the Lord is upon me -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +"The Holy Spirit is with me in a special way." When someone says this, he is claiming to speak the words of God. -## translationNotes +# he anointed me -* 2]]) -* **The Spirit of the Lord is upon me** - "God is with me in a special way." Someone saying this is claiming to speak the words of God. -* **to proclaim freedom to the captives** - This could be translated as "to tell people who are being held captive that they can go free" or "to set free the prisoners of war." -* **recovery of sight to the blind** - "to proclaim that the blind shall see" or "to give sight to the blind" or "to make the blind be able to see again" -* **to set free those who are oppressed** - "to set free those who are treated harshly" -* **to proclaim the favorable year of the Lord** - This could be translated as "to announce that this is the year that the Lord will show his kindness" or "to tell everyone that the Lord is ready to bless his people." +In the Old Testament, ceremonial oil was poured on a person when they were given power and authority to do a special task. Jesus uses this metaphor to refer to the Holy Spirit being on him to prepare him for this work. AT: "the Holy Spirit is upon me to empower me" or "the Holy Spirit gave me power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the poor + +"the poor people"" + +# proclaim freedom to the captives + +"tell people who are being held captive that they can go free" or "set free the prisoners of war" + +# recovery of sight to the blind + +"give sight to the blind" or "make the blind be able to see again" + +# set free those who are oppressed + +"set free those who are treated harshly" + +# to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor + +"tell everyone that the Lord is ready to bless his people" or "announce that this is the year that the Lord will show his kindness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/20.md b/luk/04/20.md index 6455a448d3..fb9a3229fb 100644 --- a/luk/04/20.md +++ b/luk/04/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# rolled up the scroll -* [[en:tw:Josephnt]] -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +A scroll was closed by rolling it like a tube to protect the writing inside it. -## translationNotes +# attendant -* **Then he closed the scroll** - "Then Jesus rolled up the scroll" -* **synagogue attendant** - This refers to a synagogue worker who made sure that the scrolls containing the scriptures were brought out and put away with proper care and reverence. -* **were fixed on him** - "were focused on him" or "were looking at him" -* **this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing** - This could be translated as "What this scripture said would happen has happened now while you listened to it." Jesus was saying that he was fulfilling that prophecy by his actions and speech at that very time. -* **amazed at the gracious words coming out of his mouth** - "surprised about the gracious things he was saying." Here "gracious" may refer to how well or eloquent Jesus spoke. Or, it may mean that Jesus spoke words about God's grace. -* **Isn't this Joseph's son?** - This could be translated as "Isn't this just Joseph's son?" or "This is just Joseph's son!" or "His father is only Joseph!" People thought that Joseph was Jesus' father. Joseph was not a religious leader, so they were surprised that his son would preach what he did. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). +This refers to a synagogue worker who brought out and put away with proper care and reverence the scrolls containing the scriptures. + +# were fixed on him + +This idiom means "were focused on him" or "were looking intently at him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing + +Jesus was saying that he was fulfilling that prophecy by his actions and speech at that very time. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am fulfilling what this scripture said right now as you are listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in your hearing + +This idiom means "while you are listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# amazed at the gracious words which were coming out of his mouth + +"surprised about the gracious things that he was saying." Here "gracious" may refer to 1) how well or how persuasively Jesus spoke, or 2) that Jesus spoke words about God's grace. + +# Is this not the son of Joseph? + +People thought that Joseph was Jesus' father. Joseph was not a religious leader, so they were surprised that his son would preach what he did. AT: "This is just Joseph's son!" or "His father is only Joseph!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/23.md b/luk/04/23.md index 0a453b1adc..573a3736ed 100644 --- a/luk/04/23.md +++ b/luk/04/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] +Nazareth is the town in which Jesus grew up. -## translationNotes +# Surely -* **in your own hometown** - This was in Nazareth, the town Jesus had grown up in. -* **no prophet is accepted in his own country** - Jesus was rebuking the people for refusing to believe him just because they thought they knew him. -* **own country** - This could be translated as "own town" or "hometown." +"Certainly" or "Without doubt." This is a strong affirmation. + +# Doctor, heal yourself + +If a doctor does not appear to be healthy, there is no reason to believe he is really a doctor. When the people speak this proverb to Jesus, they will mean they do not believe he is a prophet because he does not look like one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# Whatever we heard ... do the same in your hometown + +The people of Nazareth did not believe Jesus could be a prophet because of his low status as Joseph's son. They will not believe unless they personally see him do miracles. + +# Truly I say to you + +"It is certainly true." This is an emphatic statement about what follows. + +# no prophet is received in his own hometown + +Jesus makes this general statement in order to rebuke the people. He means that they are refusing to believe the reports of his miracles in Capernaum. They thought they already knew all about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# own hometown + +"homeland" or "native city" or "country where he grew up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/25.md b/luk/04/25.md index cae1f98d25..2a92a9f47e 100644 --- a/luk/04/25.md +++ b/luk/04/25.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:elisha]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:naaman]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:syria]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Jesus reminds the people, who are listening to him in the synagogue, about Elijah and Elisha who were prophets about whom they knew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# But in truth I tell you -* Jesus continues to speak to the people in the synagogue. -* **I say to you in truth** - "I tell you truthfully." This phrase was used to emphasize the importance, truth, and accuracy of the statement that follows. -* **widows** - A widow is a woman whose husband has died. -* **during Elijah's time** - This could also be translated as "when Elijah was prophesying in Israel." The people Jesus was speaking to would have known that Elijah was one of God's prophets. If your readers would not know that, you can make this implicit information explicit as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **when the sky was shut up with no rain** - This can be translated as "when no rain came down from the sky" or "when there was no rain at all." This is a metaphor. The sky is pictured as a ceiling that was closed up to keep the water above it from coming down as rain. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **when there was a great famine** - "when there was a serious lack of food" or "when the people did not have enough food." A famine is a long period of time when the crops do not produce enough food for the people. -* **a widow living in Zarephath** - The people living in the town of Zarephath were Gentiles, not Jews. This could be translated as "a Gentile widow living in Zarephath." The people listening to Jesus would have understood that the people of Zarephath were Gentiles. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Naaman the Syrian** - A Syrian is a person from the country of Syria. The people of Syria were Gentiles, not Jews. This could be translated as "the Gentile Naaman from Syria." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"I tell you truthfully." This phrase was used to emphasize the importance, truth, and accuracy of the statement that follows. + +# widows + +A widow is a woman whose husband has died. + +# during the time of Elijah + +The people to whom Jesus was speaking would have known that Elijah was one of God's prophets. If your readers would not know that, you can make this implicit information explicit as in the UDB. AT: "when Elijah was prophesying in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when the sky was shut up + +This is a metaphor. The sky is pictured as a ceiling that was closed, and so no rain would fall from it. AT: "when no rain fell down from the sky" or "when there was no rain at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a great famine + +"a serious lack of food." A famine is a long period of time when the crops do not produce enough food for the people. + +# to Zarephath ... to a widow living there + +The people living in the town of Zarephath were Gentiles, not Jews. The people listening to Jesus would have understood that the people of Zarephath were Gentiles. AT: "a Gentile widow living in Zarephath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Naaman the Syrian + +A Syrian is a person from the country of Syria. The people of Syria were Gentiles, not Jews. AT: "the Gentile Naaman from Syria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/28.md b/luk/04/28.md index a94882e999..fb6a0b4ec0 100644 --- a/luk/04/28.md +++ b/luk/04/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# All the people in the synagogue were filled with rage when they heard these things -* [[en:tw:rage]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +The people of Nazareth were deeply offended that Jesus had cited scriptures where God had helped Gentiles instead of Jews. -## translationNotes +# forced him out of the town -* **forced him out of the city** - This could be translated as "forced him to leave the city." -* **edge of the hill** - "edge of the cliff" -* **right through the midst of them** - This could be translated as "through the middle of them" or "between the people who were trying to kill him." The word "right" here is similar to the word "simply." It indicates that nothing hindered him from walking past the people. -* **went on his way** - "went away." Jesus went where he had planned to go instead of where the people were trying to force him to go. +"forced him to leave the town" or "shoved him out of the city" + +# cliff of the hill + +"edge of the cliff" + +# he passed through the middle of them + +"through the middle of the crowd" or "between the people who were trying to kill him." The word "right" here is similar to the word "simply." It indicates that nothing hindered him from walking past the angry crowd. + +# he went to another place + +"he went away" or "he went on his way" Jesus went where he had planned to go instead of where the people were trying to force him to go. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/31.md b/luk/04/31.md index ff17d9a16a..45bd9a37e4 100644 --- a/luk/04/31.md +++ b/luk/04/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] +Jesus then goes to Capernaum, teaches the people in the synagogue there, and commands a demon to leave a man. -## translationNotes +# Then he -* **he went down** - "Jesus went downhill." Capernaum was lower in altitude than Nazareth. -* **Capernaum, a city in Galilee** - Since Jesus was already in Galilee, this could be translated as "Capernaum, another city in Galilee." -* **astonished** - "greatly surprised" or "impressed" -* **he spoke with authority** - This could be translated as "his word had authority" or "he spoke as one with authority." +"Then Jesus." This indicates a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# went down to Capernaum + +The phrase "came down" is used here because Capernaum is lower in elevation than Nazareth. + +# Capernaum, a city in Galilee + +"Capernaum, another city in Galilee" + +# astonished + +"greatly surprised" or "impressed" or "amazed" + +# he spoke with authority + +"he spoke as one with authority" or "his words had great power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/33.md b/luk/04/33.md index 092715e768..62e97a9f36 100644 --- a/luk/04/33.md +++ b/luk/04/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now ... there was a man -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This phrase is used to mark the introduction of a new character into the story; in this case, a demon-possessed man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# who had the spirit of an unclean demon -* **who had the spirit of an unclean demon** - "who was possessed by an unclean demon" -* **he cried out with a loud voice** - "he shouted loudly." Some languages have an idiom for this like the English idiom "he shouted at the top of his lungs." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **What do we have to do with you?** - This could be translated as "What do we have in common?" or "We have nothing to do with you!" It is a belligerent response that means "You have no right to bother us!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"who was possessed by an unclean demon" or "who was controlled by an evil spirit" + +# he cried out with a loud voice + +"he shouted loudly" + +# What do we have to do with you + +This belligerent response is an idiom that means: "What do we have in common?" or "What right do you have to bother us?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# What do we have to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? + +This question could be written as a statement. AT: "What do you, Jesus of Nazareth, have to do with us!" or We have nothing to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth!" or "You have no right to bother us, Jesus of Nazareth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/35.md b/luk/04/35.md index a8d3ab25f7..024a3d627b 100644 --- a/luk/04/35.md +++ b/luk/04/35.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus rebuked the demon, saying -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Jesus scolded the demon, saying" or "Jesus sternly said to the demon" -## translationNotes +# come out of him -* **Jesus rebuked the demon, saying** - "Jesus scolded the demon, saying" or "Jesus sternly said to the demon" -* **come out of him** - This could be translated as "leave him alone" or "stop bothering him." -* **What kind of words are these** - This is a rhetorical question. The people were expressing how amazed they were that Jesus had the authority to command demons to leave a person. This could be translated as "These are amazing words" or "His words are amazing!" -* **he commands the unclean spirits with power and authority** - "he has power and authority to command the unclean spirits" -* **news about him began to spread** - "reports about Jesus began to spread" or "people spread the news about Jesus" +He commanded the demon to stop controlling the man. AT: "leave him alone" or "do not live in this man any longer" + +# What kind of words are these? + +The people were expressing how amazed they were that Jesus had the authority to command demons to leave a person. This can be written as a statement. AT: "These are amazing words!" or "His words are amazing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He commands the unclean spirits with authority and power + +"He has authority and power to command the unclean spirits" + +# So news about him began to spread ... the surrounding region + +This is a comment about what happened after the story that was caused by the events within the story itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# news about him began to spread + +"reports about Jesus began to spread" or "people began to spread the news about Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/38.md b/luk/04/38.md index bfc46b3719..47b1413faf 100644 --- a/luk/04/38.md +++ b/luk/04/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Jesus is still in Capernaum, but he is now at the house of Simon, where he heals Simon's mother-in-law and many people. -## translationNotes +# Then Jesus left -* **she was suffering with a high fever** - In some languages people would say "she was sick and her skin was very hot." -* **Simon's mother-in-law** - in-law** - "the mother of Simon's wife" -* **rebuked the fever** - "spoke sternly to the fever" or "commanded the fever to leave her" (UDB). This could be translated as "commanded that her skin should become cool" or "commanded the sickness to leave her." +This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Simon's mother-in-law + +"the mother of Simon's wife" + +# was suffering with + +This is an idiom that means "was very sick with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a high fever + +"her skin was very hot" + +# pleaded with him on her behalf + +This means they asked Jesus to heal her from the fever. This can be stated clearly. AT: "asked Jesus to heal her from the fever" or "asked Jesus to cure her fever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So he stood + +The word "So" makes it clear that he did this because the people pleaded with him on behalf of Simon's mother-in-law. + +# stood over her + +"went to her and leaned over her" + +# rebuked the fever + +"spoke sternly to the fever" or "commanded the fever to leave her." It may be helpful to state clearly what he told the fever to do. AT: "commanded that her skin should become cool" or "commanded the sickness to leave her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# started serving them + +Here this means she began to prepare food for Jesus and the other people in the house. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/40.md b/luk/04/40.md index adddaea411..620dcdeb3b 100644 --- a/luk/04/40.md +++ b/luk/04/40.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# laid his hands on -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +"placed his hands on" or "touched" -## translationNotes +# Demons also came out -* **crying out** - "screaming" or "shouting" -* **rebuked the demons** - "spoke sternly to the demons" -* **would not let them** - "did not allow them" +It is implied that Jesus made the demons leave the demon-possessed people. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Jesus also forced demons to come out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# crying out and saying + +These mean about the same thing, and probably refer to cries of fear or anger. Some translations use only one term. AT: "screaming" or "shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# rebuked the demons + +"spoke sternly to the demons" + +# would not let them + +"did not allow them to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/42.md b/luk/04/42.md index fedafa8819..a534c8df45 100644 --- a/luk/04/42.md +++ b/luk/04/42.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Though the people wanted Jesus to stay in Capernaum, he goes to preach in other Judean synagogues. -## translationNotes +# When daybreak came -* **When daybreak came** - "At sunrise" or "At dawn" -* **a solitary place** - "a deserted place" or "a place where no people lived" or "a place where there were no people" -* **to many other cities** - This could be translated as "to the people in many other cities." -* **this is the reason I was sent here** - This could be translated with an active clause as in "this is the reason God sent me here." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"At sunrise" or "At dawn" + +# a solitary place + +"a deserted place" or "a place where there were no people" + +# to many other cities + +"to the people in many other cities" + +# this is the reason I was sent here + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this is the reason God sent me here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Judea + +Since Jesus had been in Galilee, the term "Judea" here probably refers to the entire region where the Jews lived at that time. AT: "where the Jews lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/intro.md b/luk/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e325785e69 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Luke 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:10-11, 18-19, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "(Jesus) was tempted there by the devil" ##### +In translation, it is important not to imply that Jesus actually considered or was in fact "tempted" by the devil. It is more accurate (theologically) to say that the devil "tried to tempt" Jesus. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/01.md b/luk/05/01.md index 5eb194880d..03ed4afd93 100644 --- a/luk/05/01.md +++ b/luk/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fisherman]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Jesus preaches from Simon Peter's boat at the lake of Gennesaret. -## translationNotes +# Now it happened -* **Now it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **washing their nets** - They were cleaning their fishing nets in order to use them again them again to catch fish. -* **asked him to put it out into the water** - "asked Peter to move the boat farther from the shore" -* **Jesus sat down and taught the people** - Sitting was the normal position for a teacher. -* **taught the people out of the boat** - "taught the people while he sat in the boat." Jesus was in the boat a short distance from the shore and he was speaking to the people who were on the shore. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# the lake of Gennesaret + +This is another name for the Sea of Galilee. Galilee was on the west side of the lake, and the land of Gennesaret was on the east side, so it was called by both names. + +# washing their nets + +They were cleaning their fishing nets in order to use them again to catch fish. + +# one of the boats, which was Simon's + +"the boat belonging to Simon" + +# asked him to put it out in the water a short distance from the land + +"asked Simon to move the boat farther from the shore" + +# he sat down and taught the people + +Sitting was the normal position for a teacher. + +# taught the people out of the boat + +"taught the people while he sat in the boat." Jesus was in the boat a short distance from the shore and he was speaking to the people who were on the shore. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/04.md b/luk/05/04.md index b2cbee51dd..82eb410d8f 100644 --- a/luk/05/04.md +++ b/luk/05/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When he had finished speaking -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"When Jesus had finished teaching the people" -## translationNotes +# at your word -* **when he had finished speaking** - "when Jesus had finished teaching the people" -* **Master ** - The Greek word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” -* **at your word** - "because of your word" or "because you have told me to do this" -* **motioned** - They were too far from shore to call so they made gestures, probably waving their arms. -* **they began to sink** - “the boats began to sink.” If necessary for understanding, the implied information could be made explicit as in, “the boats began to sink because the fish were so heavy." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"because of your word" or "because you have told me to do this" + +# motioned + +They were too far from shore to call so they made gestures, probably waving their arms. + +# they began to sink + +"the boats began to sink." The reason could be stated clearly. AT: "the boats began to sink because the fish were so heavy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/08.md b/luk/05/08.md index e41514dc08..a6e6a09fcf 100644 --- a/luk/05/08.md +++ b/luk/05/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# fell down at Jesus' knees -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofZebedee]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:zebedee]] +Possible meanings are 1) "knelt down before Jesus" or 2) "bowed down at Jesus' feet" or 3) "lay down on the ground at Jesus' feet." Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# sinful man -* **fell down at Jesus knees** - Possible meanings are 1) "bowed down at Jesus feet" or 2) "lay down on the ground at Jesus feet" or 3) "knelt down before Jesus." Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. -* **sinful man** - The word here for "man" means "adult male" and not the more general "human being." -* **you will catch men** - The word “catch” is being used as a metaphor for gathering people to follow Christ. This could also be translated with the metaphor as in “you will fish for people.” It could also be translated without the metaphor as in “you will gather people” or “you will bring people in.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word here for "man" means "adult male" and not the more general "human being." + +# the catch of fish + +"the large number of fish" + +# partners with Simon + +"Simon's partners in his fishing business" + +# you will catch men + +The image of catching fish is being used as a metaphor for gathering people to follow Christ. AT: "you will fish for people" or "you will gather people for me" or "you will bring people to be my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/12.md b/luk/05/12.md index 8c8d755195..fda11a328b 100644 --- a/luk/05/12.md +++ b/luk/05/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Jesus heals a leper in a different city that is not named. -## translationNotes +# It came about -* **behold a man full of leprosy was there** - The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man who was full of leprosy." -* **he fell on his face** - "he bowed down to the ground" (UDB) or "he knelt and touched the ground with his face" -* **implored him** - "begged him" or "pleaded with him" (UDB) -* **if you are willing** - "if you want to" +This phrase marks a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# a man full of leprosy + +"a man who was covered with leprosy." This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# he fell on his face + +"he knelt and touched the ground with his face" or "he bowed down to the ground" + +# if you are willing + +"if you want to" + +# you can make me clean + +It is understood that he was asking Jesus to heal him. This can be stated clearly. AT: "please make me clean, because you are able" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# make me clean ... Be clean + +This refers to ceremonial cleanness, but it is understood that he is unclean because of the leprosy. He is really asking Jesus to heal him of his disease. This can be stated clearly. AT: "heal me from leprosy so I will be clean ... Be healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the leprosy left him + +"he no longer had leprosy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/14.md b/luk/05/14.md index 6fb8364ba2..d8f1ffcba3 100644 --- a/luk/05/14.md +++ b/luk/05/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to tell no one -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:instruct]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +This can be translated as a direct quote: "Do not tell anyone" There is implied information that can also be stated explicitly (AT): "do not tell anyone __that you have been healed__" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# sacrifice for your cleansing -* **to tell no one** - This is an indirect quote. It can also be translated as a direct quote "Do not tell anyone." The implied information is "that you have been healed." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **sacrifice for cleansing** - The law required a person to make a specific sacrifice after they were cleansed. This allowed the person to be ceremonially clean, and able to again participate in religious rituals. -* **for a testimony to them** - "for a testimony to the priests" or "so that the priests will know that you have truly been healed." The priests in the temple would be confronted with the fact that Jesus had healed the man's leprosy. +The law required a person to make a specific sacrifice after they were healed. This allowed the person to be ceremonially clean, and able to again participate in religious rituals. + +# for a testimony + +"so proof of your healing" + +# to them + +Possible meanings are 1) "to the priests" or 2) "to all the people." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/15.md b/luk/05/15.md index a4aac266b0..13943fddc1 100644 --- a/luk/05/15.md +++ b/luk/05/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the report about him -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] +"the news about Jesus." This could mean either "the report about Jesus' healing the man with leprosy" or "the report about Jesus' healing people." -## translationNotes +# the report about him spread even farther -* **the report about him** - "the news about Jesus." This could mean either "the report about Jesus healing the man" or "the report about Jesus healing people." -* **the report about him spread even farther** - "the report about him went out even farther" or "people kept telling the news about him in other places" -* **the deserted places** - "lonely places" or "quiet places" or "places where there were no other people" +"the report about him went out even farther." This can be stated in active form. AT: "people kept telling the news about him in other places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the deserted places + +"lonely places" or "places where there were no other people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/17.md b/luk/05/17.md index a8ba407604..ddaa2fbfba 100644 --- a/luk/05/17.md +++ b/luk/05/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +One day when Jesus was teaching in a building, some men brought a paralyzed man for Jesus to heal. -## translationNotes +# It came about -* **It happened ... that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/18.md b/luk/05/18.md index 62ebcc7404..5e31158ccf 100644 --- a/luk/05/18.md +++ b/luk/05/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Now some men came -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +These are new people in the story. Your language may have a way of showing that these are new people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# mat -* **Now some men came carrying** - These are new people in the story. Your language may have a way of showing that these are new people. English can also do it with “There were men who came carrying” or “There were men carrying.” -* **mat** - This could be translated as "sleeping pad" or "bed" or "stretcher" or "couch." -* **was paralyzed** - "could not move himself" -* **And not finding by what way they might bring him in because of the crowd** - In some languages it might be more natural to reorder this. "But because of the crowd of people, they could not find a way to take the man inside. So...." -* **they went up to the housetop** - Houses had flat roofs, and some houses had a ladder or staircase outside to make it easy to go up there. -* **right in front of Jesus** - "directly in front of Jesus" or "immediately in front of Jesus" +"sleeping pad" or "bed" or "stretcher" + +# was paralyzed + +"could not move himself" + +# They could not find a way to bring him in because of the crowd, so + +In some languages it might be more natural to reorder this. AT: "But because of the crowd of people, they could not find a way to bring the man inside. So" + +# because of the crowd + +It is clear that the reason they could not enter was that the crowd was so large that there was no room for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# they went up to the housetop + +Houses had flat roofs, and some houses had a ladder or staircase outside to make it easy to go up there. This can be stated. AT: "they went up to the flat roof of the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# right in front of Jesus + +"directly in front of Jesus" or "immediately in front of Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/20.md b/luk/05/20.md index 7b131f258d..4678f88a0d 100644 --- a/luk/05/20.md +++ b/luk/05/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Seeing their faith, Jesus said -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +It is understood that they believe Jesus could heal the paralyzed man. This can be stated. AT: "When Jesus perceived that they believed that he could heal the man, he said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Man -* **Man** - This is a general word that people used when speaking to a man whose name they did not know. It was not rude, but it also did not show special respect. Some languages might use a word like "friend" or "brother" or "sir." -* **your sins are forgiven you** - "you are forgiven" or "I forgive your sins" (UDB) -* **question this** - "discuss this" or "reason about this." This could also be translated as "discuss whether or not Jesus had authority to forgive sins." -* **Who is this who speaks blasphemies?** - This rhetorical question shows how shocked and angry they were at what Jesus said. It could also be translated as "This man is blaspheming God" or "He blasphemes God by saying that" or "Who does he think he is to blaspheme God like that?" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who can forgive sins, but God alone?** - This rhetorical question can also be translated as "No one can forgive sins but God alone" or "God is the only one who can forgive sins." The implied information is that if a person claims to forgive sins he is pretending to be God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is a general word that people used when speaking to a man whose name they did not know. It was not rude, but it also did not show special respect. Some languages might use a word like "friend" or "sir." + +# your sins are forgiven you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are forgiven" or "I forgive your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# question this + +"discuss this" or "reason about this." What they questioned can be stated. AT: "discuss whether or not Jesus had authority to forgive sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Who is this who speaks blasphemies? + +This question shows how shocked and angry they were at what Jesus said. This can be written as a statement. AT: "This man is blaspheming God!" or "He blasphemes God by saying that!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who can forgive sins but God alone? + +The implied information is that if a person claims to forgive sins he says he is God. This can be written as a clear statement. AT: "No one can forgive sins but God alone!" or "God is the only one who can forgive sins!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/22.md b/luk/05/22.md index e0ad3fada0..ece4cb3036 100644 --- a/luk/05/22.md +++ b/luk/05/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# perceiving what they were thinking -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This phrase indicates that they were reasoning silently, so that Jesus sensed rather then heard what they were thinking. -## translationNotes +# Why are you questioning this in your hearts? -* **Why are you questioning this in your hearts** - This could also be translated as "You should not argue about this in your hearts" or "You should not doubt that I have the authority to forgive sins." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **in your hearts** - This is an idiom referring to the part of a person that thinks or believes. Some languages will find it more natural not to include this phrase. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Which is easier to say** - Jesus uses this rhetorical question to prepare them to connect his power to forgive with the miracle of healing that he is going to do. The whole question could be translated as "It is easy to say 'Your sins are forgiven,' but only God can cause this lame man to 'Get up and walk.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you may know** - Jesus was speaking to the scribes and Pharisees. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **the Son of Man** - Jesus was referring to himself. -* **I say to you** - Jesus was saying this to the paralyzed man. The word "you" is singular. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You should not argue about this in your hearts." or "You should not doubt that I have the authority to forgive sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in your hearts + +This expression here means they were thinking this silently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Which is easier to say ... walk? + +Jesus uses this question to connect his power to forgive with the miracle of healing that he is going to do. It can be stated in active form. AT: "It is easy to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' but only God can cause this lame man to 'Get up and walk'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# easier to say + +The unspoken implication is that one thing is "easier to say because no one will know," but the other thing is "harder to say because everyone will know." People could not see if the mans sins were forgiven, but they would all know if he would get up and walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# you may know + +Jesus was speaking to the scribes and Pharisees. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus was referring to himself. + +# I say to you + +Jesus was saying this to the paralyzed man. The word "you" is singular. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/25.md b/luk/05/25.md index a1b21e09af..71330ff10e 100644 --- a/luk/05/25.md +++ b/luk/05/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Immediately -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"At once" or "Right away" -## translationNotes +# he got up -* **Immediately** - "At once" or "Right away" -* **amazement took hold of everyone** - "everyone who saw it was very surprised" -* **filled with fear** - "very afraid" or "filled with awe" -* **extraordinary things** - "amazing things" or "strange things" +It may be helpful to clearly say that he was healed. AT: "the man was healed! He got up." + +# filled with fear + +"very afraid" or "filled with awe" + +# extraordinary things + +"amazing things" or "strange things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/27.md b/luk/05/27.md index 940d8c63c1..ad39854b43 100644 --- a/luk/05/27.md +++ b/luk/05/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:matthew]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] +When Jesus leaves the house, he calls Levi, the Jewish tax collector, to follow him. Levi prepares a big meal for Jesus which annoys the Pharisees and scribes. -## translationNotes +# After these things happened -* **After these things happened** - This refers to what happened in the previous verses. -* **saw a tax collector** - That is, "looked at a tax collector with attention" or "looked carefully at a tax collector." -* **tax collecting place** - "tax booth" or "tax-collecting station." This was a booth or table at the side of the road where people had to pay taxes to the government. -* **Follow me** - This can also be translated as "Be my disciple" or "Come, follow me as your teacher." -* **left everything** - "left his work as a tax collector" +The phrase "these things" refers to what happened in the previous verses. This signals a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# saw a tax collector + +"looked at a tax collector with attention" or "looked carefully at a tax collector" + +# Follow me + +To "follow" someone was a term that means to become their disciple. AT: "Be my disciple" or "Come, follow me as your teacher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# leaving everything behind + +"left his work as a tax collector" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/29.md b/luk/05/29.md index 1d3ac646af..274b4af162 100644 --- a/luk/05/29.md +++ b/luk/05/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:banquet]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +At the meal, Jesus speaks with the Pharisees and scribes. -## translationNotes +# in his house -* **in his house** - "in Levi's house" -* **reclining at the table** - This could be translated as "at the table" or "sitting at the table." The Greek style of eating at a feast was to lie on a couch and prop oneself up with the left arm on some pillows. -* **to his disciples** - "to Jesus' disciples" -* **Why do you eat** - The Pharisees and scribes used this rhetorical question to express their disapproval that Jesus' disciples were eating with sinners. The word "you" is plural. This could be translated as "You should not eat with sinners!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **physician** - "medical doctor" or "doctor" +"in Levi's house" + +# reclining at the table + +The Greek style of eating at a feast was to lie on a couch and prop oneself up with the left arm on some pillows. AT: "eating together" or "eating at the table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to his disciples + +"to Jesus' disciples" + +# Why do you eat ... sinful people? + +The Pharisees and scribes asked this question to express their disapproval that Jesus' disciples were eating with sinners. AT: "You should not eat with sinners!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you eat and drink with ... sinful people + +The Pharisees and scribes believed that religious people should separate themselves from people they considered to be sinners. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# People who are well ... sick + +Jesus expressed this as a proverb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# physician + +"medical doctor" or "doctor" + +# only those who are sick + +The words "need a physician" are understood from the phrase before this. AT: "only those who are sick need one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# righteous people + +Some people thought they were righteous. Jesus referred to them by the way they thought about themselves even though he knew that they were not righteous. AT: "people who think they are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/33.md b/luk/05/33.md index 2b04c4bee3..53d5574c5e 100644 --- a/luk/05/33.md +++ b/luk/05/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They said to him -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +"The religious leaders said to Jesus" -## translationNotes +# Can anyone make ... with them? -* **they said to him** - "the religious leaders said to Jesus" -* **Can anyone make** - Jesus used this rhetorical question to cause the people to think about a situation that they already know. It can also be translated as "No one tells the wedding attendants of the bridegroom to fast while he is still with them." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **wedding attendants** - "guests" or "friends." These are friends who celebrate with a man who is getting married. -* **But the days will come when** - "But some day" (UDB) or "But soon" -* **the bridegroom will be taken away from them** - This is a metaphor. Jesus was speaking about himself. This can be made explicit by adding "In the same way, my disciples cannot fast while I am with them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Jesus used this question to cause the people to think about a situation that they already know. This can be written as a statement. AT: "No one tells the wedding attendants of the bridegroom to fast while he is still with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# wedding attendants + +"guests" or "friends." These are friends who celebrate with a man who is getting married. + +# the wedding attendants of the bridegroom fast + +Fasting is a sign of sadness. The religious leaders understood that the wedding attendants would not fast while the bridegroom was with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the days will come when + +"soon" or "some day" + +# the bridegroom will be taken away from them + +Jesus is comparing himself to the bridegroom, and the disciples to the wedding attendants. He did not explain the metaphor, so the translation should explain it only when necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/36.md b/luk/05/36.md index 5e78a4d160..8429ed2941 100644 --- a/luk/05/36.md +++ b/luk/05/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:parable]] +Jesus tells a story to the scribes and pharisees who were at Levi's house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# No one tears -* **No man tears** - "No one tears" or "People never rip" (UDB) -* **mend** - "repair" -* **would not fit with** - "would not match" or "would not be the same as" +"No one rips" or "People never tear" + +# mend + +"repair" + +# If he did that + +This hypothetical statement explains the reason why a person would not actually mend a garment in that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# would not fit with + +"would not match" or "would not be the same as" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/37.md b/luk/05/37.md index c6d36438cc..4c9651e658 100644 --- a/luk/05/37.md +++ b/luk/05/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# new wine -* [[en:tw:wine]] +"grape juice." This refers to wine that has not yet fermented. -## translationNotes +# wineskins -* Jesus tells the religious leaders another parable. -* **no man puts** - "no one puts" (UDB) or "people never put" -* **new wine** - "grape juice." This refers to wine that has not fermented yet. -* **wineskins** - These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "skin bags" (UDB). -* **the new wine would burst the skins** - "when the new wine ferments and expands, it would burst the old skins because they could no longer stretch out." Jesus' audience would have understood the implicit information about the wine fermenting and expanding. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the wine would be spilled** - "the wine would spill out of the bags" -* **fresh wineskins** - "new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to wineskins that have not been used. -* **old wine** - "wine that has fermented" -* **he says, 'The old is better'** - It may be helpful to add "and is therefore not willing to try the new wine." This is a metaphor that contrasts the old teaching of the religious leaders against the new teaching of Jesus. The point is that people who is used to the old teaching are not willing to listen to the new things that Jesus is teaching. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "bags made of skin." + +# the new wine would burst the skins + +When the new wine ferments and expands, it breaks the old skins because they can no longer stretch out. Jesus' audience would have understood the information about the wine's fermenting and expanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the wine would be spilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the wine would spill out of the bags" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fresh wineskins + +"new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to new wineskins, unused. + +# drinking old wine ... wants the new + +This metaphor contrasts the old teaching of the religious leaders against the new teaching of Jesus. The point is that people who are used to the old teaching are not willing to listen to the new things that Jesus is teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# old wine + +"wine that has fermented" + +# for he says, 'The old is better.' + +It may be helpful to add: "and he is therefore not willing to try the new wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/intro.md b/luk/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..732ab71802 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Luke 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "You will catch men" ##### +The New Testament often talks about making disciples or followers of Christ. This is a major ministry of the church. There are many different figures used to describe this in the New Testament. In this chapter, Jesus uses the metaphor of fishing to explain that the disciples of Christ are to gather together other people to become Christ's disciples. It is possible that the whole story of fishing parallels the bountiful harvest of men who will be gathered together to follow Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "Sinful people" ##### +The Pharisees refer to a group of people as "sinners." What they meant was people who seemed to have no concern for keeping the Law of Moses. However, Luke treats the term "sinners" in an ironic way, because Jesus says that he came to call sinners to repent. By "sinners," Jesus was referring to anyone guilty of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### Fasting and Feasting ##### +Fasting was often done during a time of repentance. It was not done during joyous times. This is used in contrast to weddings, which were times of great joy with large feasts. Having Jesus on the Earth was a cause of celebration for mankind. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Hypothetical Situation ##### +Jesus uses a hypothetical situation to condemn the Pharisees. This passage includes "people in good health" and "righteous people." This does not mean that there are people who do not need Jesus. There are no "righteous people," everybody needs Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [Luke 5:31-32](./29.md)) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +==Implicit knowledge == +Implicit knowledge is needed in several parts of this chapter. The UDB can be quite effective in helping the reader to understand unknown figures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Past Events ##### +Parts of this chapter are sequences of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Luke sometimes writes as if the events have already happened while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. It may not be possible in every language to have someone speaking in the third person about himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/01.md b/luk/06/01.md index f4ac7dcbf5..fe2c1f2d70 100644 --- a/luk/06/01.md +++ b/luk/06/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +Jesus and his disciples now walk through a grain field while some Pharisees begin to question the disciples about what they are doing on the Sabbath which, in God's law, has been set aside for God. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **grain fields** - In this case, these are large sections of land where wheat seed had been scattered to grow more wheat. -* **heads of grain** - This is the topmost part of the wheat plant, which is a kind of large grass. It holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. -* **Why are you doing something that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day?** - This could be translated as, "Why are you picking grain on the Sabbath?" It is a rhetorical question that means "Picking grain on the Sabbath is against God's law!" The word "you" is plural, and refers to the disciples. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +The word "you" here is plural, and refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Now it happened + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you can consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# grainfields + +In this case, these are large sections of land where the people had scattered wheat seed to grow more wheat. + +# heads of grain + +This is the topmost part of the grain plant, which is a kind of large grass. It holds the mature, edible seeds of the plant. + +# rubbing them between their hands + +They did this to separate the grain seeds. This can be stated clearly. AT: "They rubbed them in their hands to separate the grains from the husks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Why are you doing something that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day? + +They asked this question to accuse the disciples of breaking the law. It can be written as a statement. AT: "Picking grain on the Sabbath is against God's law!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# doing something + +The Pharisees considered even the small action of rubbing a handful of grain to be unlawful work. This can be stated clearly. AT: "doing work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/03.md b/luk/06/03.md index b105a72aa2..193763df10 100644 --- a/luk/06/03.md +++ b/luk/06/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Have you not even read ... him? -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus is rebuking the Pharisees for not learning from the scriptures. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should learn from what you have read ... him!" or "Certainly you have read ... him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the bread of the presence -* **Have you not even read** - This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. Jesus is mildly rebuking them for not learning from it. It could be translated as "Certainly you have read." (UDB) or "You should learn from what you have read" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the ceremonial bread** - "the holy bread" or "the bread that was offered to God" -* **Son of Man** - This could be translated as "I, the Son of Man." Jesus was referring to himself. -* **Lord of the Sabbath** - "owner of the Sabbath." It could be translated as "has the authority to determine what is right for people to do on the Sabbath!" (UDB) +"the holy bread" or "the bread that was offered to God" + +# Son of Man + +Jesus was referring to himself. This can be stated: AT: "I, the Son of Man" + +# is Lord of the Sabbath + +The title "Lord" here emphasizes his authority over the Sabbath. AT: "has the authority to determine what is right for people to do on the Sabbath!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/06.md b/luk/06/06.md index 1331a2ab15..3414be7c73 100644 --- a/luk/06/06.md +++ b/luk/06/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +The scribes and Pharisees watch as Jesus heals a man on the Sabbath. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **And it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **hand was shriveled** - The man's hand was damaged in such a way that he could not stretch it. It was probably bent into almost a fist, making it look smaller and wrinkled. -* **were watching him closely** - "were watching Jesus carefully" -* **so that they might find** - This could be translated as "because they wanted to find." -* **in the middle of everyone** - This could be translated as "in front of everyone" (UDB). Jesus wanted the man to stand where everyone there could see him. +It is now another Sabbath day and Jesus is in the synagogue. + +# It happened + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# A man was there + +This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# hand was withered + +The man's hand was damaged in such a way that he could not stretch it. It was probably bent into almost a fist, making it look smaller and wrinkled. + +# were watching him closely + +"were watching Jesus carefully" + +# so that they might find + +"because they wanted to find" + +# in the middle of everyone + +"in front of everyone." Jesus wanted the man to stand where everyone there could see him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/09.md b/luk/06/09.md index e7f32c34ab..64e2e5d9ef 100644 --- a/luk/06/09.md +++ b/luk/06/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to them -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] +"to the Pharisees" -## translationNotes +# is it lawful ... save a life ... destroy it? -* **to them** - "to the Pharisees" -* **Is it lawful** - This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. Jesus wanted the Pharisees to think about it and acknowledge that it is lawful to heal on the Sabbath. This could be translated as "Which is lawful? To do good" or "Which does the law of Moses permit us to do?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to do good or to do harm** - "to help someone or to harm someone" -* **stretch out your hand** - "hold out your hand" or "extend your hand" -* **restored** - "healed" +Jesus wanted to correct the Pharisees' understanding that it was wrong to heal on the Sabbath. He asked the question as a contrast between doing good and doing evil in order to make it obvious which one is lawful and which one is wrong. AT: "which action does God's law permit—to do good and heal, or to do harm and destroy a life?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to do good or to do harm + +"to help someone or to harm someone" + +# Stretch out your hand + +"Hold out your hand" or "Extend your hand" + +# restored + +"healed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/12.md b/luk/06/12.md index e6b6dcea6e..8661efa3f3 100644 --- a/luk/06/12.md +++ b/luk/06/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Jesus chooses twelve apostles after he prays all night. -## translationNotes +# It happened in those days -* **And it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in those days** - "around that time" or "not long after that" or "one day around then" -* **he went out** - "Jesus went out" -* **chose from them twelve** - "he chose twelve of them" or "he chose twelve from among the disciples" -* **whom he named 'apostles'** - "and he called them 'apostles'" or "whom he appointed to be apostles" or "whom he made apostles" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# in those days + +"around that time" or "not long after" or "one day around then" + +# he went out + +"Jesus went out" + +# When it was day + +"When it was morning" or "The next day" + +# he chose twelve of them + +"he chose twelve of the disciples" + +# whom he also named apostles + +"whom he also made apostles" or "and he appointed them to be apostles" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/14.md b/luk/06/14.md index a3fe32e882..a49d0f8af1 100644 --- a/luk/06/14.md +++ b/luk/06/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The names of the apostles were -* [[en:tw:Thomas]] -* [[en:tw:andrew]] -* [[en:tw:bartholomew]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofalphaeus]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:matthew]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:philiptheapostle]] +This is implied information added to the ULB text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# his brother Andrew -* This is a list of the twelve men Jesus chose to be his apostles. -* **These were their names** - This phrase introducing the names was added to the ULB to clarify what the list is. Some translators may prefer not to write it. -* **his brother Andrew** - "Simon's brother Andrew" -* **Zealot** - Possible meanings are 1) "the Zealot" or 2) "the zealous one." The first meaning indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. This could be translated as "patriot" or "nationalist." The second meaning indicates that he was zealous for God to be honored. It could be translated as "passionate." -* **became a traitor** - This could be translated as "betrayed his friend" or "turned his friend over to enemies" or "exposed a friend to danger by telling enemies about him." +"Simon's brother, Andrew" + +# Zealot + +Possible meanings are 1) "the Zealot" is a title that indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. AT: "patriot" or "nationalist" or 2) "the zealous one" is a description that indicates he was zealous for God to be honored. AT: "passionate" + +# became a traitor + +It may be necessary to explain what "traitor" means in this context. AT: "betrayed his friend" or "turned his friend over to enemies" (usually in return for money paid) or "exposed a friend to danger by telling enemies about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/17.md b/luk/06/17.md index 7f6317aae1..97bb982c37 100644 --- a/luk/06/17.md +++ b/luk/06/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +Though Jesus especially addresses his disciples, there were many people around who listen. -## translationNotes +# with them -* **with them** - "with the twelve he had chosen" or "with his twelve apostles" -* **and to be healed** - This could be translated with the active voice as "and for Jesus to heal them." If it is not clear to your readers that Jesus actually healed them, you could make it explicit by saying "and Jesus healed them." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **troubled with unclean spirits** - "bothered by unclean spirits." This could also be translated as "controlled by unclean spirits" or "held captive by unclean spirits." See the UDB for a translation using the active voice. -* **were also healed** - This could be translated with the active voice as "Jesus also healed." If it is not natural to talk about people being healed from unclean spirits, this could be translated as "Jesus set them free" or "Jesus made the evil spirits leave them." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **power to heal was coming out from him** - This could be translated as "he had power to heal people." +"with the twelve he had chosen" or "with his twelve apostles" + +# to be healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Jesus to heal them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# People who were troubled with unclean spirits were also healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus also healed people who were troubled with unclean spirits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# troubled with unclean spirits + +"bothered by unclean spirits" or "controlled by evil spirits" + +# power to heal was coming out from him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he had power to heal people" or "he used his power to heal people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/20.md b/luk/06/20.md index 22ad084c45..84b8085d5c 100644 --- a/luk/06/20.md +++ b/luk/06/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Blessed are you -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +This phrase is repeated three times. Each time, it indicates that God gives favor to certain people or that their situation is positive or good. -## translationNotes +# Blessed are you who are poor -* **blessed are you** - This phrase is repeated three times. Each time, it indicates that God gives favor to someone or that their situation is positive or good. -* **blessed are you who are poor** - "You who are poor receive God's favor" or "you who are poor benefit" or "how good it is for you who who are poor" or "It is very good for you who are poor" -* **yours is the kingdom of God** - "the kingdom of God belongs to you." This could mean 1) "you belong to God's kingdom" or 2) "you will have authority in God's kingdom." Languages that don't have a word for kingdom might say "God is your king" or "God is your ruler." -* **you will laugh** - "you will laugh with joy" or "you will be joyful" +"You who are poor receive God's favor" or "You who are poor benefit" + +# for yours is the kingdom of God + +Languages that do not have a word for kingdom might say, "for God is your king" or "because God is your ruler." + +# yours is the kingdom of God + +"the kingdom of God belongs to you." This could mean 1) "you belong to God's kingdom" or 2) "you will have authority in God's kingdom." + +# you will laugh + +"you will laugh with joy" or "you will be joyful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/22.md b/luk/06/22.md index 93285c5d4b..608e5d3dab 100644 --- a/luk/06/22.md +++ b/luk/06/22.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Blessed are you -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +"You receive God's favor" or "You benefit" or "How good it is for you" -## translationNotes +# exclude you -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **blessed are you** - “You receive God's favor” or “you benefit” or “how good it is for you” -* **separate you from their company** - "exclude you" or "reject you" -* **reproach you** - "criticize you in an insulting way" -* **reject your name** - AT: "reject you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for the Son of Man's sake** - "because of the Son of Man" or "because you associate with the Son of Man" or "because they reject the Son of Man" -* **in that day** - "when they do those things" or "when that happens" -* **a great reward** - "a good payment" or "good gifts because of it" +"reject you" + +# because of the Son of Man + +"because you associate with the Son of Man" or "because they reject the Son of Man" + +# in that day + +"when they do those things" or "when that happens" + +# leap for joy + +This idiom means "be extremely joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a great reward + +"a large payment" or "good gifts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/24.md b/luk/06/24.md index 9e7c48f601..1168efdd43 100644 --- a/luk/06/24.md +++ b/luk/06/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# woe to you -* [[en:tw:woe]] +"how terrible it is for you." This phrase is repeated three times. It is the opposite of "blessed are you." Each time, it indicates that God's anger is directed at the people, or that something negative or bad awaits them. -## translationNotes +# woe to you who are rich -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **woe to you** - This phrase is repeated three times. It is the opposite of "blessed are you." Each time, it indicates that God's anger is directed at the people, or that something negative or bad awaits them. -* **woe to you who are rich** - “how terrible it is for you who are rich ” or "trouble will come to you who are rich." It could be translated as “You who are rich, how sad for you” or “You who are rich, what sorrow you will have.” -* **you have already received** - "you are already receiving in full" or "you are already receiving all you will receive" -* **your comfort** - "what comforts you" or "what satisfies you" or "what makes you happy" -* **who are full now** - "whose stomachs are full now" or "who eat much now" -* **who laugh now** - "who are happy now" +"how terrible it is for you who are rich" or "trouble will come to you who are rich" + +# your comfort + +"what comforts you" or "what satisfies you" or "what makes you happy" + +# who are full now + +"whose stomachs are full now" or "who eat much now" + +# who laugh now + +"who are happy now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/26.md b/luk/06/26.md index 994da37c00..4dce658e04 100644 --- a/luk/06/26.md +++ b/luk/06/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Woe to you -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] +"How terrible it is for you" or "How sad you should be" -## translationNotes +# when all men -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **Woe to you** - “How terrible it is for you ” or “Trouble will come to you” or “How sad you should be” or “What sorrow you will have” -* **when all men** - That is "when all people," or "when everyone." -* **treated the false prophets in the same way** - "spoke well of the false prophets" +Here "men" is used in the generic sense the includes all people. AT: "when all people" or "when everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# that is how their ancestors treated the false prophets + +"they also spoke well of the false prophets" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/27.md b/luk/06/27.md index 8ed5304ef1..63452add23 100644 --- a/luk/06/27.md +++ b/luk/06/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Jesus continues to speak to his disciples and the crowd who is listening to him as well. -## translationNotes +# to you who are listening -* Apparently Jesus begins to speak to the whole crowd that was there, including those who were not his disciples. -* **Love… do good… bless… pray** - Each of these commands are to be done continually, not just a single time. -* **love your enemies** - "care about your enemies" or "do what is good for your enemies" -* **those who curse you** - "those who habitually curse you" -* **those who mistreat you** - "those who habitually mistreat you" +Jesus now begins to speak to the entire crowd, rather than just to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# love ... do good ... Bless ... pray + +Each of these commands are to be done continually, not just a single time. + +# love your enemies + +This does not mean they were to only love their enemies and not their friends. This can be stated. AT: "Love your enemies, not only your friends!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# love ... do good to + +These two phrases mean the same thing, and together emphasize the point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Bless those + +God is the one who blesses. This can made explicit. AT: "Ask God to bless those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who curse you + +"those who habitually curse you" + +# those who mistreat you + +"those who habitually mistreat you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/29.md b/luk/06/29.md index 96c7b8ec8c..a0a172c0f5 100644 --- a/luk/06/29.md +++ b/luk/06/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# To him who strikes you -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +"If anyone hits you" -## translationNotes +# on the one cheek -* Jesus continues to teach the crowd to love their enemies. -* **To him who strikes you** - "If anyone hits you" -* **on the one cheek** - "on one side of your face" -* **offer him also the other** - This can be translated as "turn your face so that he can hit the other side, too." -* **do not withhold** - "do not prevent him from taking" -* **Give to everyone who asks you** - This can be translated as "If anyone asks you for something, give it to him." -* **do not ask him** - "do not require him" or "do not demand" +"on one side of your face" + +# offer him also the other + +It may be helpful to state what the attacker will do to the person. AT: "turn your face so that he can strike the other cheek also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# do not withhold + +"do not prevent him from taking" + +# Give to everyone who asks you + +"If anyone asks you for something, give it to him" + +# do not ask him + +"do not require him" or "do not demand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/31.md b/luk/06/31.md index a7e92899f8..28723ae17c 100644 --- a/luk/06/31.md +++ b/luk/06/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# As you want people to do to you, you should do the same to them -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +In some languages it may be more natural to reverse the order. AT: "You should do to people the same as what you want them to do to you" or "Treat people they way you want them to treat you" -## translationNotes +# what credit is that to you? -* Jesus continues to teach the crowd to love their enemies. -* **as you want people to do to you, you should do the same to them** - In some languages it may be more natural to reverse the order. "You should do to people the same as what you want them to do to you" or "Treat people they way you want them to treat you." -* **what credit is that to you?** - This is a rhetorical question. It could be translated with a statement "You will not receive any credit for that. This could be translated as "What praise will you receive for doing that? or "Will anyone think that you have done something special?" Another possible meaning is "What reward will you receive?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"What reward will you receive?" or "What praise will you receive for doing that?" This can be written as a statement. AT: "You will not receive any reward for that." or "God will not reward you for that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to get back the same amount + +The law of Moses commanded the Jews not to receive interest on money they loaned to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/35.md b/luk/06/35.md index e2741bf4c0..4ecb2751ae 100644 --- a/luk/06/35.md +++ b/luk/06/35.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# your reward will be great -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"you will receive a great reward" or "you will receive good payment" or "you will get good gifts because of it" -## translationNotes +# you will be sons of the Most High -* Jesus continues to teach the crowd to love their enemies. -* **your reward will be great** - "you will receive a great reward" or "you will receive good payment" or "you will receive good gifts because of it" -* **you will be sons of the Most High** - The words "sons of" is an idiom meaning "like." It indicates that people who love their enemies act like God acts. This could be translated as "you will be acting like children of the the Most High God" or "you will be like the Most High God." Make sure that the word "sons" is plural so it is not confused with Jesus' title "The Son of God." -* **unthankful and evil people** - "people who who do not thank him and who are evil" -* **your Father** - This refers to God. This could be made clearer by saying "your Father in heaven." +It is best to translate "sons" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human son or child. + +# sons of the Most High + +Make sure that the word "sons" is plural so it is not confused with Jesus' title "The Son of the Most High." + +# unthankful and evil people + +"people who do not thank him and who are evil" + +# your Father + +This refers to God. It is best to translate "Father" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/37.md b/luk/06/37.md index 2269e23df8..444d08be22 100644 --- a/luk/06/37.md +++ b/luk/06/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not judge -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +"Do not judge people" or "Do not harshly criticize people" -## translationNotes +# and you -* Jesus teaches the crowd not to judge people. -* **Do not judge** - "Do not judge people" or "Do not criticize people" -* **and** - This could also be translated as "and as a result" -* **you will not be judged** - Jesus did not say who would not judge. Possible meanings are 1) "God will not judge you" or 2) "no one will judge you." Both of these translations make it explicit who will not judge. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Do not condemn** - "Do not condemn people" -* **you will not be condemned** - Jesus did not say who would not condemn. Possible meanings are 1) "God will not condemn you" or 2) "no one will condemn you." Both of these translations make it explicit who will not condemn. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you will be forgiven** - Jesus did not say who would forgive. Possible meanings are 1) "God will forgive you" or 2) "they will forgive you." The first translation makes it explicit who will forgive. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"and as a result you" + +# you will not be judged + +Jesus did not say who would not judge. Possible meanings are 1) "God will not judge you" or 2) "no one will judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do not condemn + +"Do not condemn people" + +# you will not be condemned + +Jesus did not say who would not condemn. Possible meanings are 1) "God will not condemn you" or 2) "no one will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be forgiven + +Jesus did not say who would forgive. Possible meanings are 1) "God will forgive you" or 2) "people will forgive you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/38.md b/luk/06/38.md index 0f46c5a892..ac0e255ae5 100644 --- a/luk/06/38.md +++ b/luk/06/38.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# it will be given to you +Jesus did not say exactly who would give. Possible meanings are 1) "someone will give it to you" or 2) "God will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# A generous amount ... your lap -* Jesus continues to teach the crowd not to judge people. -* **and it will be given to you** - Jesus did not say explicitly who would give. Possible meanings are 1) “someone will give it to you” or 2) "God will give it to you." Both of these translations make the giver explicit.(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a generous amount** - "a large amount" -* **A generous amount ... your lap** - The order of this sentence can be reversed and active verbs can be used. "They will pour into your lap a generous amount that they have pressed down and shaken together and that is spilling over." Jesus used the metaphor of a grain merchant giving a generous amount. It could be translated as a simile "Like a grain merchant who presses down the grain and shakes it together and pours in so much grain that it spills over, they will give generously to you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the same standard will be used to measure for you** - This can be translated as "They will use the same size measure to measure things for you" or "They will measure things for you by the same standard." +Jesus spoke of either God or people giving generously as if they were a generous grain merchant. AT: "They will pour into your lap a generous amount that they have pressed down and shaken together until it is spilling over" or "Like a generous grain merchant who presses down the grain and shakes it together and pours in so much grain that it spills over, they will give generously to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# A generous amount + +"A large amount" + +# it will be measured back to you + +Jesus did not say exactly who would measure. Possible meanings are 1) "they will measure things back to you" or 2) "God will measure things back to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/39.md b/luk/06/39.md index c819aa87f8..3086341a48 100644 --- a/luk/06/39.md +++ b/luk/06/39.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +Jesus includes some examples to make his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Can a blind person guide another blind person? -* Jesus continues to teach the crowd not to judge people. -* **Can a blind person guide another blind person?** - Jesus used this rhetorical question to get people to think about something that they already knew. It can be translated as "A blind person cannot guide another blind person, can he?" or "We all know that a blind person cannot guide another blind person." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If he did** - Some languages might prefer "if one did." -* **they would both fall into a pit, would they not?** - This is another rhetorical question. It could be translated as "Would they not both fall into a pit?" or "They both would fall into a hole" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **A disciple is not greater than his teacher** - This could either mean 1) "A disciple does not have more knowledge than his teacher" or 2) "A disciple does not have more authority than his teacher." It could be translated as "A disciple has not surpassed his teacher." -* **everyone when he is completely trained** - "every disciple who has been trained well." It can be translated with an active verb: "every disciple whose training has reached its goal" or "every disciple whose teacher has fully taught him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Jesus used this question to get the people to think about something that they already know. This can be written as a statement. AT: "We all know that a blind person cannot guide another blind person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# blind person + +The person who is "blind" is a metaphor for a person who has not been taught as a disciple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If he did + +Some languages might prefer, "if one did." This is an absurd situation that is not likely to actually happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# they would both fall into a pit, would they not? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "both of them would fall into a hole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# A disciple is not greater than his teacher + +"A disciple does not surpass his teacher." Possible meanings are 1) "A disciple does not have more knowledge than his teacher" or 2) "A disciple does not have more authority than his teacher." + +# everyone when he is fully trained + +"every disciple who has been trained well" or "every disciple whose teacher has fully taught him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/41.md b/luk/06/41.md index 7ac1815c69..011a40e780 100644 --- a/luk/06/41.md +++ b/luk/06/41.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do you look ... brother's eye, but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye? -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] +Jesus uses this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person's sins. AT: "Do not look ... brothers eye while you ignore the log that is in your own eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the tiny piece of straw that is in your brother's eye -* Jesus continues to teach the crowd not to judge people. -* **Why do you look** - This is a metaphor about noticing or judging others. It can be translated as a simile as it is in the UDB. "Why do you notice ... That is like..." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **tiny piece of straw** - This could be translated as "splinter" or "speck" (UDB). -* **brother** - Here it could refer to a fellow Jew or a fellow believer in Jesus. -* **log** - This could be translated as "beam" or "plank." +This is a metaphor that refers to the less important faults of a fellow believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tiny piece of straw + +"speck" or "splinter" or "bit of dust." Use a word for the smallest thing that commonly falls into a person's eyes. + +# brother + +Here "brother" refers to a fellow Jew or a fellow believer in Jesus. + +# the log that is in your own eye + +This is a metaphor for a person's most important faults. A log could not literally go into a person's eye. Jesus exaggerates to emphasize that a person should pay attention to his own more important faults before he deals with another person's less important faults. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# log + +"beam" or "plank" + +# How can you say ... eye? + +Jesus asks this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person's sins. AT: "You should not say ... eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/43.md b/luk/06/43.md index 0ad9199417..5c3e8d23cc 100644 --- a/luk/06/43.md +++ b/luk/06/43.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:thorn]] +People can tell if a tree is good or bad, and what type of tree it is, by the fruit it produces. Jesus uses this as an unexplained metaphor—we know what kind of person someone is when we see their actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# For there is -* Jesus compares people to good and bad trees. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **For** - "because." This links the fact that our character will be exposed as the reason why we should not judge our brother. -* **good tree** - "healthy tree" -* **rotten** - "decaying." It could be translated as "bad". -* **each tree is known** - "recognized." This could be translated with an active verb, as in "people know a tree" or "people recognize a tree." -* **fig** - the sweet-tasting fruit of the fig tree. The fig tree does not have thorns on it. -* **thornbush** - a plant or shrub that has thorns. -* **grape** - the sweet-tasting fruit of the grape vine. The grape vine does not have thorns on it. -* **briar bush** - a vine or shrub that has thorns. +"Because there is." This indicates that what follows is the reason why we should not judge our brother. + +# good tree + +"healthy tree" + +# rotten + +"decaying" or "bad" or "worthless" + +# each tree is known + +People recognize the kind of tree by the fruit it bears. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people know the type of a tree" or "people recognize a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# thornbush + +a plant or shrub that has thorns + +# briar bush + +a vine or shrub that has thorns \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/45.md b/luk/06/45.md index 4f3de8b3fe..e916e2ca4d 100644 --- a/luk/06/45.md +++ b/luk/06/45.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Jesus compares the thoughts of a person to their good or evil treasure. The good thoughts of good people cause good actions. The evil thoughts of evil people cause evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The good man -* Jesus compares the thoughts of a person to their physical treasures. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The good man** - "The good person." The word "good" here refers to righteousness or moral goodness. The word "man" here refers to a person, male or female. It could be translated as "A good person" or "Good people" (UDB). -* **the good treasure of his heart** - "the good things he keeps in his heart" or "what he values" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **brings out** - This could be translated without the metaphor as "lives his life" or "demonstrates" or "shows" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that which is good** - "good things" -* **from the abundance of his heart his mouth speaks** - "what he thinks in his heart affects what he says with his mouth" or "what he values in his heart determines what he says with his mouth." It could be translated without reference to the mouth and heart, as in "what a person says shows what he constantly thinks about" or "what he thinks about affects what he says." +The word "good" here refers to righteousness or moral goodness. + +# good man + +The word "man" here refers to a person, male or female. AT: "good person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# the good treasure of his heart + +Here the good thoughts of a person are spoken of as if they are treasures stored in the heart of that person, and "his heart" is a metonym for something deep inside the person. AT: "the good things he keeps deep inside himself" or "the good things he values very intensely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# produces what is good + +Producing what is good is a metaphor for doing what is good. AT: "does what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the evil treasure of his heart + +Here the evil thoughts of a person are spoken of as if they are evil things stored in the heart of that person, and "his heart" is a metonym for something deep inside the person. AT: "the evil things he keeps deep inside himself" or "the evil things he values very intensely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks + +The phrase "his mouth" represents him using his mouth. AT: "what he thinks in his heart affects what he says with his mouth" or "what he values in his heart determines what he says with his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/46.md b/luk/06/46.md index c434717151..e0fdd29bcc 100644 --- a/luk/06/46.md +++ b/luk/06/46.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus compares the person who obeys his teaching to a man who builds a house on rock where it will be safe from floods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# Lord, Lord -* Jesus teaches the crowd about the importance of obeying him. -* **a man building a house...** - *This metaphor compares a man building a house on rock to a person who lives his life based on the teachings of Jesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **foundation** - "base" or "support" -* **solid rock** - This is the very large, hard rock that is deep under the soil. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **built the house's foundation on solid rock** - "dug the foundation of the house deep enough to reach" or "built the house on solid rock." Some cultures may not be familiar with building on bedrock. In those cases, this could be translated in a more general way as in "set the house's foundation firmly in solid ground." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **torrent of water** - "fast-moving water" or "river" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **flowed against** - "crashed against" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **because it had been well built** - "because the man had built it well" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The repetition of these words indicates that they regularly called Jesus "Lord." + +# Every person who comes to me ... I will tell you what he is like + +It may be more clear to change the order of this sentence. AT: "I will tell you what every person is like who comes to me and hears my words and obeys them" + +# built the house's foundation on solid rock + +"dug the foundation of the house deep enough to reach a foundation of solid rock." Some cultures may not be familiar with building on bedrock, and may need to use another image for a stable foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# foundation + +"base" or "support" + +# solid rock + +"bedrock." This is the very large, hard rock that is deep under the soil. + +# torrent of water + +"fast-moving water" or "river" + +# flowed against + +"crashed against" + +# shake it + +Possible meanings are 1) "cause it to shake" or 2) "destroy it." + +# because it had been well built + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the man had built it well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/49.md b/luk/06/49.md index ed9fc67e3a..a86deef41a 100644 --- a/luk/06/49.md +++ b/luk/06/49.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus compares the person who hears but does not obey his teaching to a man who builds a house without a foundation so it will collapse in a flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# But the person -* Jesus continues to teach the crowd about the importance of obeying him. -* **a man who built a house...** - This metaphor now compares a man building a house without a foundation to a person who does not obey the teachings of Jesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **foundation** - "base" or "support" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **without a foundation** - This could be translated as "but he did not dig down and build a foundation first." -* **torrent of water** - "fast-moving water" or "river" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **flowed against** - "crashed against" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **collapsed** - "fell down" or "came apart" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"But" shows a strong contrast to the previous person who built with a foundation. + +# on top of the ground without a foundation + +Some cultures may not know that a house with a foundation is stronger. Additional information may be helpful. AT: "but he did not dig down and build first a foundation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# foundation + +"base" or "firm support" + +# torrent of water + +"fast-moving water" or "river" + +# flowed against + +"crashed against" + +# collapsed + +"fell down" or "came apart" + +# the ruin of that house was complete + +"that house was completely destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/intro.md b/luk/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..374991aabf --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# Luke 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Luke 6:20-49 contains many blessings and woes which appear to correspond to Matthew 5-7. This part of Matthew has traditionally been called the "Sermon on the Mount." In Luke, they are not as connected to a teaching on the kingdom of God as they are in Matthew's gospel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Eating the grain" ##### +This was a culturally acceptable practice for travelers to eat small amounts of grain off of plants in fields they traveled through or near. Farmers were required to allow this according to the law of Moses. The Pharisees considered this to be "gleaning" and forbade it because they would be working on the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +It was common for Jesus to use metaphors as a way to teach people about complex spiritual truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Jesus used rhetorical questions to teach people and to condemn them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit information ##### +There are many instances of Luke including information that would have been implicitly understood by someone in the ancient Near East that may not be understood by someone in a different culture today. An example is the expectation of a time of judgment in the future or possibly that people will be judged at the end of their life ([Luke 6:37](./37.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### The twelve disciples ##### +The following are the lists of the twelve disciples: In Matthew: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. + +In Mark: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. + +In Luke: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot. + +It is probable that Thaddaeus and Judas, the son of James, are two names of the same person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/01.md b/luk/07/01.md index 4878b806bd..13cbc690f2 100644 --- a/luk/07/01.md +++ b/luk/07/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +Jesus enters Capernaum where Jesus heals a centurian's servant. -## translationNotes +# in the hearing of the people -* **in the hearing of the people** - This could also be translated as, “to the people who were listening” or “to the people” or “for the people to hear.” +The idiom "in the hearing" emphasizes that he wanted them to hear what he said. AT: "to the people who were listening to him" or "to the people who were present" or "for the people to hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he entered Capernaum + +This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/02.md b/luk/07/02.md index 5fb9ab5c30..2941913066 100644 --- a/luk/07/02.md +++ b/luk/07/02.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# who was highly regarded by him -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +"whom the centurion valued" or "whom he respected" -## translationNotes +# asked him earnestly -* **who was precious to him** - "whom the centurion valued" or "whom he respected" -* **having heard about Jesus** - "because he had heard about Jesus" -* **save his slave from dying** - "save his slave so that he would not die" or "keep his slave from dying" -* **He is worthy** - "The centurion is worthy" -* **our nation** - "our people." This refers to the Jewish people. +"pleaded with him" or "begged him" + +# He is worthy + +"The centurion is worthy" + +# our nation + +"our people." This refers to the Jewish people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/06.md b/luk/07/06.md index 2807862df1..9c5270f39d 100644 --- a/luk/07/06.md +++ b/luk/07/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# continued on his way -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"went along" -## translationNotes +# not far from the house -* **Do not trouble yourself** - "Don't trouble yourself by coming to my house." It could also be translated as "I don't wish to bother you." The centurion was speaking politely to Jesus. -* **enter under my roof** - "come into my house". "Enter under my roof" is an idiom. If you language has an idiom meaning "come into my house," think about whether it would be good to use here. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **just say a word** - This can be translated as "just give the order." The servant understood that Jesus could heal the servant just by speaking. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my servant will be healed** - The word that is translated here as "servant" is normally translated as "boy." It may indicate that the servant was very young, or show the centurion's affection for him. -* **to my servant** - The word that is translated here as "servant" is the typical word for a servant. +The double negative can be replaced. AT: "near the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# do not trouble yourself + +The centurion was speaking politely to Jesus. AT: "do not trouble yourself by coming to my house" or "I do not wish to bother you" + +# come under my roof + +This phrase is an idiom that means "come into my house." If your language has an idiom that means "come into my house," think about whether it would be good to use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# just say a word + +The servant understood that Jesus could heal the servant just by speaking. Here "word" refers to a command. AT: "just give the order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my servant will be healed + +The word that is translated here as "servant" is normally translated as "boy." It may indicate that the servant was very young or show the centurion's affection for him. + +# I also am a man who is under authority + +"I also have someone over me that I must obey" + +# under me + +"under my authority" + +# to my servant + +The word that is translated here as "servant" is the typical word for a servant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/09.md b/luk/07/09.md index 181e0c1692..e431924c87 100644 --- a/luk/07/09.md +++ b/luk/07/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he was amazed at him -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"he was amazed at the centurion" -## translationNotes +# I say to you -* **I say to you** - Jesus said this to emphasize the surprising thing that he was about to tell them. -* **not even in Israel have I found anyone with so much faith** - The implication is that Jesus expected Jewish people to have this kind of faith, but they didn't. He did not expect Gentiles to have this kind of faith, yet this man did. You may need to add this implied information as the UDB does. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **those who were sent** - "the people whom the Roman officer had sent to Jesus" +Jesus said this to emphasize the surprising thing that he was about to tell them. + +# not even in Israel have I found such faith + +The implication is that Jesus expected Jewish people to have this kind of faith, but they did not. He did not expect Gentiles to have this kind of faith, yet this man did. You may need to add this implied information. AT: "I have not found any Israelite who trusts me as much as this Gentile does!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who had been sent + +It is understood that these were the people the centurion sent. This can be stated. AT: "the people whom the Roman officer had sent to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/11.md b/luk/07/11.md index ef9241337f..9a4a996399 100644 --- a/luk/07/11.md +++ b/luk/07/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Jesus goes to the city of Nain, where he heals a man who had died. -## translationNotes +# Nain -* **it happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Nain** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **behold, a dead man** - The word "behold" alerts us to the introduction of the dead man into the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a dead man who was...” -* **the city gate** - This could also be translated as "the entrance to the city." -* **an only son to his mother** - "a woman's only son" -* **widow** - This is a woman whose husband has died. -* **was deeply moved with compassion for her** - "felt very sorry for her" -* **and coming forward** - Some languages would say "and going forward" or "and approaching the group." -* **funeral couch** - This was a stretcher or bed used to move the body to the burial place. It did not have to be something the body was buried in. -* **I say to you** - Jesus said this to emphasize his authority. It means "Listen to me!" -* **the dead man** - "the man who had been dead." The man was not still dead; he was alive. +the name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# behold, a man who had died + +The word "behold" alerts us to the introduction of the dead man into the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. AT: "there was a dead man who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# a man who had died was being carried out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people were carrying out of the city a man who had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the only son of his mother (who was a widow) + +"He was his mother's only son, and she was a widow." This is background information about the dead man and his mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# widow + +a woman whose husband has died + +# was deeply moved with compassion for her + +"felt very sorry for her" + +# he went up + +"he went forward" or "he approached the dead man" + +# the wooden frame on which they carried the body + +This was a stretcher or bed used to move the body to the burial place. It did not have to be something in which the body was buried. Other translations may have the less common "bier" or "funeral couch." + +# I say to you + +Jesus said this to emphasize his authority. AT: "Listen to me!" + +# The dead man + +The man was not still dead; he was now alive. It may be necessary to state this clearly. AT: "The man who had been dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/16.md b/luk/07/16.md index 50c7ab1ef3..002007ff7d 100644 --- a/luk/07/16.md +++ b/luk/07/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +This tells what happens as a result of Jesus' healing the man who had died. -## translationNotes +# fear overcame all of them -* **fear overcame all of them** - This could be translated as "fear took everyone" or "they were all filled with fear." -* **A great prophet** - They were referring to Jesus, not to some unidentified prophet. It could be translated as "This great prophet." -* **has been raised among us** - "has come to be with us" or "has appeared to us" or "we have seen" -* **looked upon** - "cared for" -* **This news about Jesus spread** - This could also be translated as "People spread this report about Jesus" or "People told others this report about Jesus." "This report" refers to the things people were saying in verse 16. -* **This news** - "This word" or "This message" +"fear filled all of them." This can be stated in active form. AT: "they all became very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A great prophet + +They were referring to Jesus, not to some unidentified prophet. + +# has been raised among us + +"has come to be with us" or "has appeared to us." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has raised a great prophet among us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# looked upon + +This idiom means "cared for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# This news about Jesus spread + +"This news" refers to the things people were saying in verse 16. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People spread this report about Jesus" or "People told others this report about Jesus" + +# This news + +"This report" or "This message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/18.md b/luk/07/18.md index 99f7e2d7d7..fd5aeee632 100644 --- a/luk/07/18.md +++ b/luk/07/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +John sends two of his disciples to question Jesus. -## translationNotes +# John's disciples told him about all these things -* **told him** - "told John" -* **all these things** - "all the things Jesus was doing" -* **sent them to the Lord, saying** - "(John) sent them to the Lord, telling them to ask (Jesus)" -* **has sent us to you saying, 'Are you the Coming One** - "(John) has sent us to you. He asks 'Are you the Coming One'" or "(John) has sent us to to ask you, 'Are you the Coming One'" (UDB) -* **we should be looking for** - "we should be waiting for" or "we should be expecting to come" +This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# told him + +"told John" + +# all these things + +"all the things Jesus was doing" + +# the men said, "John the Baptist has sent us to you to say, 'Are you ... or should we look for another?'" + +This sentence can be rewritten so that it only has one direct quote. AT: "the men said that John the Baptist had sent them to him to ask, 'Are you the one who is coming, or should we look for another?'" or "the men said, 'John the Baptist has sent us to you to ask if you are the one who is coming, or if we should look for another.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# should we look for another + +"should we wait for another" or "should we expect someone else" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/21.md b/luk/07/21.md index 5ed20c17b9..2225004210 100644 --- a/luk/07/21.md +++ b/luk/07/21.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# In that hour -* [[en:tw:Johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +"At that time" -## translationNotes +# from evil spirits -* **In that hour** - "At that time" -* **and from evil spirits** - This could be translated as "and he set people free from evil spirits." -* **granted** - "gave" -* **needy people** - "poor people" -* **report to John** - "tell John" -* **The person who does not stop believing in me because of my actions is blessed** - This can be translated as "How good it is for the person who does not stop believing in me because of my actions." -* **The person** - Since this is not a specific person, it can be translated as "People" or "Anyone" or "Whoever." -* **believing in me** - "trusting me completely" +It may be helpful to restate the healing. AT: "he healed them from evil spirits" or "he set people free from evil spirits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# said to them + +"said to John's messengers" or "said to the messengers that John sent" + +# report to John + +"tell John" + +# needy people + +"poor people" + +# The person who does not stop believing in me because of my actions is blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bless the person who does not stop believing in me because of my actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The person + +"People" or "Anyone" or "Whoever." This is not a specific person. + +# not stop + +This double negative means "continues to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# believing in me + +"trusting me completely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/24.md b/luk/07/24.md index a9b54469cf..ce2debc91c 100644 --- a/luk/07/24.md +++ b/luk/07/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reed]] +Jesus begins to speak to the crowd about John the Baptist. He asks rhetorical questions to lead them to think about what John the Baptist is really like. -## translationNotes +# What ... A reed shaken by the wind? -* Jesus talks to the people about John the Baptist. -* **What did you go out to see** - Jesus used this phrase in three rhetorical questions to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist was. It could be translated as "Did you go out to see …? Of course not!" or "Surely you did not go out to see …!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a reed shaken by the wind** - This metaphor could also be translated as a simile: "a man who was like a reed shaken by the wind." It has two possible interpretations. 1) Reeds are easily moved by the wind, so it could refer to a person who is easily motivated to change his mind. 2) Reeds make noise when the wind rattles them, so it could refer to a person who talks a lot but his speech does not result in anything important (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **dressed in soft clothes** - "wearing expensive clothing." Rich people wore this kind of clothing. -* **kings' palaces** - A palace is a large, expensive house that a king lives in. -* **But** - "If you did not go out to see that, then" -* **I say to you** - Jesus said this to emphasize the importance of what he would say next. -* **much more than a prophet** - "not an ordinary prophet" or "more important than a normal prophet" +This expects a negative answer. "Did you go out to see a reed shaken by the wind? Of course not!" It can also be written as a statement. AT: "Surely you did not go out to see a reed being shaken by the wind!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# A reed shaken by the wind + +Possible meanings of this metaphor are 1) a person who easily changes his mind, as reeds are easily moved by the wind, or 2) a person who talks a lot but does not say anything important, as reeds rattle when the wind blows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But what ... A man dressed in soft clothes? + +This also expects a negative answer, since John wore rough garments. "Did you go out to see a man dressed in soft clothes? Of course not!" This can also be written as a statement. AT: You certainly did not go out to see a man dressed in soft clothes!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# dressed in soft clothes + +This refers to expensive clothing. Normal clothing was rough. AT: "wearing expensive clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# kings' palaces + +A palace is a large, expensive house that a king lives in. + +# But what ... A prophet? + +This leads to a positive answer. "Did you go out to see a prophet? Of course you did!" This can also be written as a statement. AT: "But you actually went out to see a prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yes, I say to you + +Jesus said this to emphasize the importance of what he would say next. + +# more than a prophet + +This phrase means that John was indeed a prophet, but that he was even greater than a typical prophet. AT: "not just an ordinary prophet" or "much more important than a normal prophet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/27.md b/luk/07/27.md index d25d051acd..3de7a6d1e9 100644 --- a/luk/07/27.md +++ b/luk/07/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# This is he of whom it is written -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"That prophet is the one the prophets wrote about" or "John is the one the prophets wrote about long ago" -## translationNotes +# See, I am sending -* Jesus continues to talk to the people about John the Baptizer. -* **This is he of whom it is written** - "That prophet is the one the prophets wrote about" or "John is the one the prophets wrote about long ago" -* **Behold…** - In this verse, Jesus is quoting from the prophet Malachi and saying that John was that messenger in the writings of Malachi [[en:bible:notes:mal:03:01]] . -* **before your face** - "in front of you" or "to go ahead of you." The word "you" is singular, because God was speaking to the Messiah in the quotation. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **I say to you** - Jesus was speaking to the crowd, so "you" is plural. Jesus said this to emphasize the truth of the surprising thing he was about to say next. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **among them that are born of women** - "among those to whom a woman has given birth." This is a figure of speech referring to all people. It could also be translated as "of all the people who have ever lived." -* **no one is greater than John** - This can be translated positively as "John is the greatest." -* **the least important person in the kingdom of God** - This refers to a person who will be part of the kingdom that God will establish." This could be translated as "who has entered into the kingdom of God." -* **greater that he is** - "higher spiritual status than John" +In this verse, Jesus is quoting the prophet Malachi and saying that John is the messenger of which Malachi spoke. + +# before your face + +This idiom means "in front of you" or "to go ahead of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your + +The word "your" is singular because God was speaking to the Messiah in the quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I say to you + +Jesus was speaking to the crowd so "you" is plural. Jesus used this phrase to emphasize the truth of the surprising thing he was about to say next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# among those born of women + +"among those to whom a woman has given birth." This is a metaphor that refers to all people. AT: "of all the people who have ever lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# none is greater than John + +"John is the greatest" + +# the one who is least in the kingdom of God + +This refers to anyone who is part of the kingdom that God will establish. + +# greater than he is + +The spiritual state of people in the kingdom of God will be higher than of the people before the kingdom was established. AT: "higher spiritual status than John" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/29.md b/luk/07/29.md index b02b133352..891625a1e6 100644 --- a/luk/07/29.md +++ b/luk/07/29.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Luke, the author of this book, comments on how people responded to John and Jesus. -## translationNotes +# When all the people ... baptism of John -* Luke, the author of this book, comments on how people responded to John and Jesus. -* **they declared that God is righteous** - "they said that God had shown himself to be righteous" or "they declared that God had acted righteously" -* **who had been baptized with the baptism of John** - "who had been baptized by John" or "whom John had baptized" -* **who were not baptized by him** - "whom John had not baptized" or "who had refused to be baptized by John" or "who had rejected John's baptism" -* **Who were not baptized by him, rejected God's wisdom for themselves** - This seems to imply that because they had rejected John's baptism, were not spiritually prepared to accept God's will for them. -* **rejected God's wisdom for themselves** - "chose to disobey what God told them" or "chose not to believe God's will" -* **God's wisdom for them** - "God's purpose for them" or "God's plan for them" or "what God wanted them to do" +This verse could be reordered to be more clear. AT: "When all the people who had been baptized by John, including the tax collectors, heard this, they declared that God is righteous" + +# they declared that God is righteous + +"they said that God had shown himself to be righteous" or "they declared that God had acted righteously" + +# because they had been baptized with the baptism of John + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because they had let John baptize them" or "because John had baptized them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# rejected God's purpose for themselves + +"rejected what God wanted them to do" or "chose to disobey what God told them" + +# they had not been baptized by John + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they did not let John baptize them" or "they rejected John's baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/31.md b/luk/07/31.md index be640593e6..593d28c80a 100644 --- a/luk/07/31.md +++ b/luk/07/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] +Jesus continues speaking to the people about John the Baptist. -## translationNotes +# To what, then, can I compare ... they like? -* Jesus talks about the people who have rejected him and John the Baptizer. -* **To what should I compare** - This is the start of a rhetorical question. Jesus used it to introduce a comparison that he was about to make. This whole question could also be translated as, "This is what I will compare this generation to. This is what they are like." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the people of this generation** - "the people living now" or "these people" or "you people of this generation" -* **They are like** - This simile is the beginning of Jesus' comparison. Jesus is saying that the people of this generation were like children who were never satisfied with the way other children acted. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **marketplace** - This was a large, open-air area where people would come to sell their goods. -* **and you did not dance** - "but you did not dance to the music" -* **and you did not weep** - "but you did not weep with us" +Jesus used these questions to introduce a comparison. They can be written as a statement. AT: "This is what I compare this generation to, and what they are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I compare ... What are they like + +These are two ways of saying that this is a comparison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the people of this generation + +The people living when Jesus spoke. + +# They are like + +These words are the beginning of Jesus' comparison. Jesus is saying that the people were like children who were never satisfied with the way other children acted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# marketplace + +a large, open-air area where people came to sell their goods + +# and you did not dance + +"but you did not dance to the music" + +# and you did not cry + +"but you did not cry with us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/33.md b/luk/07/33.md index 38e8aefa08..2404738e2f 100644 --- a/luk/07/33.md +++ b/luk/07/33.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# eating no bread -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Possible meanings are 1) "frequently fasting" or 2) "not eating normal food." -## translationNotes +# you say, 'He has a demon.' -* Jesus continues speaking to the people. He explains why he compared them to children. -* **you say, 'He has a demon'** - Jesus was quoting what people were saying about John. It can be translated as an indirect quote: "you say that he has a demon" or "you accuse him of having a demon." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **not eating bread** - "not eating food." This can be translated as "frequently fasting." It does not mean that John never ate food. -* **The Son of Man** - Since Jesus expected the people there to understand that he was the Son of Man, it could also be translated as "I, the Son of Man." -* **you say, 'Behold, he is a gluttonous man** - Jesus was quoting what the people were saying about him as the Son of Man. This can be translated as an indirect quote: "you say that he is a gluttonous man" or "you accuse him of eating too much." If you translated "The Son of Man" as "I, the Son of man", the indirect quote could be translated as "you say that I am a gluttonous man." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **he is a gluttonous man** - "he is a greedy eater" or "he habitually eats too much food" -* **wisdom is justified by all of her children** - This is probably a proverb that Jesus was applying to this situation, because the people who rejected both him and John were not being wise. (See: [[en:obe:other:proverb]]) +Jesus was quoting what people were saying about John. This can be stated without the direct quote. AT: "you say that he has a demon." or "you accuse him of having a demon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# The Son of Man + +Jesus expected the people to understand that he was referring to himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you say, 'Look, he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners!' + +This can be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "you say that he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners." or "you accuse him of eating and drinking too much and of being ... sinners." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# you say, 'Look, he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners!' + +If you translated "The Son of Man" as "I, the Son of man," you can state this as an indirect statement and use the first person. AT: "you say that I am a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he is a gluttonous man + +"he is a greedy eater" or "he continually eats too much food" + +# a drunkard + +"a drunk" or "he continually drinks too much alcohol" + +# wisdom is justified by all her children + +This appears to be a proverb that Jesus applied to this situation, probably to teach that wise people would understand that the people should not have rejected Jesus and John. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/36.md b/luk/07/36.md index df12ba0fe5..034e51becf 100644 --- a/luk/07/36.md +++ b/luk/07/36.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +A Pharisee invites Jesus to eat at his house. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Now a certain Pharisee** - This is the beginning of a new account. -* **reclined at the table to eat** - "sat down at the table for the meal." It was the custom for a relaxed meal such as this dinner for men to eat while lying down comfortably around the table. -* **who was a sinner** - "who lived a sinful lifestyle" or "who had a reputation for living a sinful life." She may have been a prostitute. -* **And having found out** - This starts a very long sentence. It may be more natural in some languages to break it up into smaller sentences as in the UDB. -* **an alabaster flask** - "a jar made of soft stone." Alabaster is a soft, white rock. People stored precious things in alabaster jars. -* **of perfume** - "with perfume in it." The perfume was an oil that held good smells in it. People rubbed it on themselves or sprinkled their clothing with it in order to smell nice. -* **with the hairs of her head** - "with her hair" +It was a custom in that time for onlookers to attend dinners without eating. + +# Now one of the Pharisees + +The marks the beginning of a new part of the story and introduces the Pharisee into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# reclined at the table to eat + +"sat down at the table for the meal." It was the custom at a relaxed meal such as this dinner for men to eat while lying down comfortably around the table. + +# Behold, there was a woman + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# who was a sinner + +"who lived a sinful lifestyle" or "who had a reputation for living a sinful life." She may have been a prostitute. + +# an alabaster jar + +"a jar made of soft stone." Alabaster is a soft, white rock. People stored precious things in alabaster jars. + +# of perfumed oil + +"with perfume in it." The oil had something in it that made it smell nice. People rubbed it on themselves or sprinkled their clothing with it in order to smell nice. + +# with the hair of her head + +"with her hair" + +# anointed them with perfumed oil + +"poured perfume on them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/39.md b/luk/07/39.md index 58764f41b6..6669405f4d 100644 --- a/luk/07/39.md +++ b/luk/07/39.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he thought to himself, saying -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +"he said to himself" -## translationNotes +# If this man were a prophet, then he would know ... a sinner -* **he thought to himself saying** - "he said to himself" -* **If Jesus were a prophet, then he would know** - The Pharisee thought that Jesus was not a prophet because he allowed the sinful woman to touch him. This could be translated as "Apparently Jesus is not a prophet. If he were, he would know." -* **Simon** - This was the name of the Pharisee who invited Jesus into his home. This was not Simon Peter. +The Pharisee thought that Jesus was not a prophet because he allowed the sinful woman to touch him. AT: "Apparently Jesus is not a prophet, because a prophet would know that this woman who is touching him is a sinner" + +# is a sinner + +Simon wrongly assumed that a prophet would never allow a sinner to touch him. This fact could be added. AT: "is a sinner and would not allow her to touch him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Simon + +This was the name of the Pharisee who invited Jesus into his home. This was not Simon Peter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/41.md b/luk/07/41.md index 8d968f9c2d..e0fb60e015 100644 --- a/luk/07/41.md +++ b/luk/07/41.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +To emphasize what he is going to tell Simon the Pharisee, Jesus tells him a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# A certain moneylender had two debtors -* Jesus told Simon a story about people who are forgiven. -* **There were two debtors to a certain lender** - "a certain lender had two debtors" -* **five hundred denarii** - "500 day's wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **fifty denarii** - "50 day's wages" -* **Since they had no money to pay** - "When they did not have money to pay it back" -* **he forgave them both** - "he forgave their debts" or "he canceled their debts" -* **I suppose** - Simon was cautious about his answer. It could be translated as "Probably." -* **You have judged correctly** - "You are right" +"Two men owed money to a certain moneylender" + +# five hundred denarii + +"500 days' wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." A "denarius" was a silver coin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fifty + +"50 days' wages" + +# he forgave them both + +"he forgave their debts" or "he canceled their debts" + +# I suppose + +Simon was cautious about his answer. AT: "Probably" + +# You have judged correctly + +"You are right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/44.md b/luk/07/44.md index 8fd2e69ad5..111d720f9a 100644 --- a/luk/07/44.md +++ b/luk/07/44.md @@ -1,8 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus turned to the woman +Jesus directed Simon's attention to the woman by turning to her. -## translationNotes +# You gave me no water for my feet -* **And having turned to the woman** - "facing the woman." Jesus directed Simon's attention to the woman by turning to her. -* **water for my feet … a kiss** - These were ways of showing of basic courtesy to an invited guest. Jesus is contrasting Simon's lack of courtesy with the woman's extreme actions of gratitude. -* **did not stop kissing my feet** - This could be expressed positively as "has continued to kiss my feet." +It was a basic responsibility of a host to provide water and a towel for guests to wash and dry their feet after walking on dusty roads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You ... but she + +Jesus twice uses these phrases to contrast Simon's lack of courtesy with the woman's extreme actions of gratitude. + +# she has wet my feet with her tears + +The woman used her tears in place of the missing water. + +# wiped them with her hair + +The woman used her hair in place of the missing towel. + +# You did not give me a kiss + +A good host in that culture would greet his guest with a kiss on the cheek. Simon did not do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# did not stop kissing my feet + +"has continued to kiss my feet" + +# kissing my feet + +The woman kissed the feet of Jesus rather than his cheek as a sign of extreme repentance and humility. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/46.md b/luk/07/46.md index ec890477aa..588826c3c0 100644 --- a/luk/07/46.md +++ b/luk/07/46.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# You did not ... but she -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Jesus continues to contrast Simon's poor hospitality with the actions of the woman. -## translationNotes +# anoint my head with oil -* Jesus continues speaking to Simon. -* **anoint my head with oil** - "put oil on my head." This was a way of welcoming an honored guest. It could be translated as "welcome me by anointing my head with oil." -* **anointed my feet** - Though this was probably not a common practice, the woman greatly honored Jesus by doing this. -* **has been forgiven much** - This can also be translated in the active voice with "who has received much forgiveness" or "whom God has forgiven much." -* **has also loved much** - "has also loved much the one who forgave her" or "has also love God much." Some languages require that the object of "love" be stated. -* **He who is being forgiven only a little** - "He who is forgiven little" or "Anyone who is forgiven little." In this sentence Jesus states a general principle. However, Simon was expected to understand that Jesus was saying that Simon had loved little. +"put oil on my head." This was the custom to welcome an honored guest. AT: "welcome me by anointing my head with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# anointed my feet + +The woman greatly honored Jesus by doing this. She demonstrated humility by anointing his feet instead of his head. + +# I say to you + +This emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. + +# her sins, which were many, have been forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has forgiven her many sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for she loved much + +Her love was the evidence that her sins were forgiven. Some languages require that the object of "love" be stated. AT: "for she greatly loves the one who forgave her" or "for she loves God very much" + +# the one who is forgiven little + +"anyone who is forgiven only a few things." In this sentence Jesus states a general principle. However, he expected Simon to understand that he showed very little love for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/48.md b/luk/07/48.md index 67f8f667d3..99db72aca6 100644 --- a/luk/07/48.md +++ b/luk/07/48.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he said to her -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"Then he said to the woman" -## translationNotes +# Your sins are forgiven -* **Your sins are forgiven** - "You are forgiven." It can also be expressed with an active verb: "I forgive your sins." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Your faith has saved you** - "Because of your faith, you are saved." The idea of "faith" can be translated with a verb: "Because you believe, you are saved." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **go in peace** - This is a way of saying "good-bye" and giving a blessing at the same time. It can be translated as "As you go, do not worry anymore" or "May God give you peace as you go" (UDB). +"You are forgiven." This can be stated in active form. AT: "I forgive your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# reclining together + +"reclining together around the table" or "eating together" + +# Who is this that even forgives sins? + +The religious leaders knew that only God could forgive sin, and did not believe that Jesus was God. This question was probably intended to be an accusation. AT: "Who does this man think he is? Only God can forgive sin!" or "Why is this man pretending to be God who can forgive sin?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Your faith has saved you + +"Because of your faith, you are saved." The abstract noun "faith" could be stated as an action. AT: "Because you believe, you are saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Go in peace + +This is a way of saying good-bye while giving a blessing at the same time. AT: "As you go, do not worry anymore" or "May God give you peace as you go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/intro.md b/luk/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a8c20ab37 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Luke 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 7:27, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +There are times in the narrative of this chapter where there is an abrupt change in topic. The translator should not feel the need to smooth these rough transitions. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Centurion ##### +This situation would have been very unusual in ancient Israel. It would not have been common for a Roman soldier to go to an Israelite for anything. They would have been insignificant to the Romans and they would not have sought healing from a Jew. It would also have been unusual for a wealthy man to be so concerned for his slave. It is a great display of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### John's Baptism ##### +The baptism John performed was different than the baptism that the church practices. John's baptism was meant to signal that those receiving had repented of their sin. This is why the Pharisees did not participate in John's baptism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]). + +##### "Sinners" ##### +Luke refers to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders considered these people to be hopelessly ignorant of the Law of Moses, and so called them "sinners." In reality, the leaders were sinful. This situation can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### "Feet" ##### +Feet were considered to be very dirty in the Ancient Near East. It would have been a very humble act for this woman to wash Jesus' feet and was a way to show honor to Jesus. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Referring to oneself in the third person may not be possible in all languages. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/01.md b/luk/08/01.md index bec701d528..7f504da745 100644 --- a/luk/08/01.md +++ b/luk/08/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +These verses give background information about Jesus' preaching while traveling. -## translationNotes +# It happened -* **And it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **who had been healed of evil spirits and diseases** - This could be translated with active verbs: "whom Jesus had set free from evil spirits and healed of diseases." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Mary … and many other women** - Three of the women were named: Mary, Joanna, and Susanna. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Joanna the wife of Chuza, Herod’s manager** - This could also be translated as "Joanna, the wife of Herod's manager, Chuza." Joanna was Chuza's wife, and Chuza was Herod's manager. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This phrase is used here to mark a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# who had been healed of evil spirits and diseases + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Jesus had set free from evil spirits and healed of diseases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Mary ... Susanna + +Three of the women are listed: Mary, Joanna, and Susanna. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seven demons had been driven out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus had driven out seven demons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Joanna, the wife of Chuza, Herod's manager + +Joanna was Chuza's wife, and Chuza was Herod's manager. "Joanna, the wife of Herod's manager, Chuza" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# provided for their needs + +"financially supported Jesus and his twelve disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/04.md b/luk/08/04.md index a5fb6dc9e3..5a58c79250 100644 --- a/luk/08/04.md +++ b/luk/08/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +Jesus tells the parable of the soils to the crowd. He explains its meaning to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# coming to him -* **A sower went out to sow some seeds** - This can be translated as “A farmer went out to scatter some seeds in a field.” -* **wayside** - "road" or "path." The ground would have been hard from the people walking on it. -* **they were trampled underfoot** - This can be translated as "They were stepped on too often for them to grow" or with an active verb as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **devoured them** - "ate them all" -* **they withered** - "the plants became dry and shriveled up" -* **they had no moisture** - This could be translated as "the ground was too dry." +"coming to Jesus" + +# A farmer went out to sow his seed + +"A farmer went out to scatter some seeds in a field" + +# some fell + +"some of the seed fell" or "some of the seeds fell" + +# it was trampled underfoot + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people walked on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# birds of the sky + +This idiom can be translated simply as "birds" or as "birds flew down and" to keep the sense of "sky." + +# devoured it + +"ate it all" + +# it withered away + +"the plants became dry and shriveled up" + +# it had no moisture + +"they were too dry." The cause can also be stated. AT: "the ground was too dry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/07.md b/luk/08/07.md index 350a985b4d..1a9336e280 100644 --- a/luk/08/07.md +++ b/luk/08/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:thorn]] +Jesus finishes telling the parable to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# choked it -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **choked them** - The thorn plants took all the nutrients, water, and sunlight, so the farmer's plants could not grow well. -* **produced a crop** - "grew a harvest" or "grew more seeds" -* **Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear** - It may be more natural in some languages to use the second person: "You who have ears to hear, hear." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **Whoever has ears to hear** - "Whoever can hear" or "Whoever hears me" -* **let him hear** - "let him listen well" or "let him pay attention to what I say" +The thorn plants took all the nutrients, water, and sunlight, so the farmer's plants could not grow well. + +# produced a crop + +"grew a harvest" or "grew more seeds" + +# a hundred times greater + +This means a hundred times more than the seeds that were sown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear + +It may be more natural in some languages to use the second person: "You who have ears to hear, hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Whoever has ears to hear + +Possible meanings are 1) "Everyone" since everyone has ears or 2) "Whoever has the ability to understand" which refers to those who are willing to listen to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him hear + +"he should listen well" or "he should pay attention to what I say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/09.md b/luk/08/09.md index 27a806910e..cefefe2893 100644 --- a/luk/08/09.md +++ b/luk/08/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +Jesus begins to speak to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# The knowledge of ... God has been given to you -* **You have been given the privilege of understanding** - This can be translated with an active verb and the implied information that God is the giver. "God has given you the gift of understanding" or "God has made you able to understand." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the mysteries of the kingdom of God** - These are truths that had been kept hidden but Jesus was revealing them. -* **seeing they will not really see** - "though they see, they will not perceive." If the verbs require an object, this could be translated as "though they see things, they will not understand them" or "though they see things happen, they will not understand what they mean." (See: the section about Verbs and Objects on [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_verbs]]) -* **hearing they will not really understand** - "though they hear, they will not understand." If the verbs require an object it could be translated as "though they hear instruction, they will not understand the truth." (See: the section about Verbs and Objects on [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_verbs]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has given to you the knowledge of ... God" or "God has made you able to understand ... God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the secrets of the kingdom of God + +These are truths that had been hidden, but Jesus was now revealing them. + +# for others + +"for other people." This refers to the people who rejected the teaching of Jesus and did not follow him. + +# seeing they may not see + +"though they see, they will not perceive." This is a quote from the prophet Isaiah. Some languages may need to state the object of the verbs. AT: "though they see things, they will not understand them" or "though they see things happen, they will not understand what they mean" + +# hearing they may not understand + +"though they hear, they will not understand." This is a quote from the prophet Isaiah. Some languages may need to state the object of the verbs. AT: "though they hear instruction, they will not understand the truth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/11.md b/luk/08/11.md index b5b9ff13e9..5c6c7b7db5 100644 --- a/luk/08/11.md +++ b/luk/08/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:wordofGod]] +Jesus begins to explain the meaning of the parable of the soils to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# The seed is the word of God -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. He explains the meaning of the parable. -* **the devil comes and takes away the word from their heart** - This means that he causes them to forget the word of God that they have heard. -* **takes away** - In the parable this was a metaphor of a bird snatching away the seeds. Try to use words in your language that keep that image. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **from their heart** - This means the devil takes away their desire to believe the word of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **so that they might not believe and be saved** - This can be translated with an active verb: "so they might not believe with the result that God saves them." Since this is the devil's purpose, it can be translated as "because the devil thinks, 'They must not believe and they must not be saved.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **during the time of testing they fall away** - "when they experience hardship they fall away from the faith" or "when they experience hardship they stop believing" +"The seed represents the word of God" + +# The ones along the path are + +"the seeds that fell along the path." Jesus speaks of what happens to the seeds as if he were speaking about the seeds themselves. AT: "What happens to the seeds along the path" or "The part of the parable about the seeds that fell along the path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are those who + +Jesus speaks of the seeds showing something about people as if the seeds were the people. AT: "show what happens to people who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts + +This means that he causes them to forget the word of God that they have heard. + +# takes away + +In the parable this was a metaphor of a bird snatching away the seeds. Try to use words in your language that keep that image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so they may not believe and be saved + +Since this is the devil's purpose, it can be translated as: AT: "because the devil thinks, 'They must not believe and they must not be saved'" or "so they will not believe with the result that God saves them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The ones on the rock + +"The seeds that fell on the rocky soil." Jesus speaks of what happens to the seeds as if he were speaking about the seeds themselves. AT: "What happens to the seeds on the rocky soil" or "The part of the parable about the seeds that fell on the rocky soil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the rock + +"the rocky soil" + +# in a time of testing + +"when they experience hardship" + +# they fall away + +This idiom means "they stop believing" or "they stop following Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/14.md b/luk/08/14.md index 44c0f4a17d..5554a2600c 100644 --- a/luk/08/14.md +++ b/luk/08/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The seeds that fell among the thorns -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:perseverance]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus speaks of what happens to the seeds as if he were speaking about the seeds themselves. AT: "What happens to the seeds that fell among the thorns" or "The part of the parable about the seeds that fell among the thorns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# are people who -* Jesus continues to explain the meaning of the parable. -* **they become choked with the cares…** - "the cares and riches and pleasures of this life choke them" or "as weeds prevent good plants from growing, the cares, riches, and pleasures of this life keep these people from becoming mature" (See: (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **cares** - "the things that people worry about" -* **pleasures of this life** - "the things in this life that people enjoy" -* **so they bring no fruit to maturity** - "they do not bear ripe fruit." This metaphor can be translated as a simile: "so like a plant that does not become mature and bear fruit, they do not become mature and produce good works." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **produce fruit with perseverance** - "produce fruit by persevering." This metaphor can be translated as a simile: "like healthy plants that produce good fruit, they produce good works by persevering." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Jesus speaks of the seeds showing something about people as if the seeds were the people. AT: "show what happens to people who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they are choked ... pleasures of this life + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cares and riches and pleasures of this life choke them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cares + +"the things that people worry about" + +# pleasures of this life + +"the things in this life that people enjoy" + +# they are choked by ... pleasures of this life + +This metaphor refers to the way weeds cut off light and nutrients from plants and keep them from growing. AT: "as weeds prevent good plants from growing, the cares, riches, and pleasures of this life keep these people from becoming mature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their fruit does not mature + +"they do not bear ripe fruit." Mature fruit is a metaphor for good works. AT: "so like a plant does not produce mature fruit, they do not produce good works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the seed that fell on the good soil + +Jesus speaks of what happens to the seeds as if he were speaking about the seeds themselves. AT: "What happens to the seeds that fell on the good soil" or "The part of the parable about the seeds that fell on the good soil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are the ones who + +Jesus speaks of the seeds showing something about people as if the seeds were the people. AT: "show what happens to people who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bear fruit with patient endurance + +"produce fruit by enduring patiently" or "produce fruit by continued effort." Fruit is a metaphor for good works. AT: "like healthy plants that produce good fruit, they produce good works by persevering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/16.md b/luk/08/16.md index 05e6b611da..d5ce3f1a01 100644 --- a/luk/08/16.md +++ b/luk/08/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] +Jesus continues with another parable then he finishes speaking to his disciples as he emphasizes the role of his family in his work. -## translationNotes +# Now, no one -* Jesus continues to speak to his disciples. -* **a lampstand** - "a table" or "a shelf" -* **For nothing is hidden, that will not be made known** - This can be translated positively as "Everything that is hidden will be made known." -* **nor anything secret, that will not be known and come into the light** - This can be translated as "and everything that is secret will be known and come into the light." -* **how you listen** - This could also be translated as "how you listen to what I tell you" or "how you listen to God's word." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **whoever has** - This could be also be translated as "whoever has understanding" or "whoever receives what I teach." -* **to him will be given more** - "more will be given to him." This can be translated with an active verb: "God will give him more." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **whoever has not** - This can be translated as "whoever does not have understanding" or "whoever does not receive what I teach." +This marks the beginning of another parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# nothing is hidden that will not be made known + +This double-negative can be written as a positive statement. AT: "everything that is hidden will be made known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# nor is anything secret that will not be known and come into the light + +This double-negative can be written as a positive statement. AT: "and everything that is secret will be made known and will come into the light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# to the one who has, more will be given to him + +It is clear from the context that Jesus is talking about understanding and believing. This can be stated clearly and changed to active form. AT: "whoever has understanding will be given more understanding" or "God will enable those who believe the truth to understand even more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one who does not have ... will be taken away from him + +It is clear from the context that Jesus is talking about understanding and believing. This can be stated clearly and changed to active form. AT: "But whoever does not have understanding will lose even what understanding he thinks he has" or "But God will cause those who do not believe the truth not to understand even the little that they think they have understood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/19.md b/luk/08/19.md index 606b5de516..4e3c0bf048 100644 --- a/luk/08/19.md +++ b/luk/08/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +These were Jesus' younger brothers—the other sons of Mary and Joseph who were born after Jesus. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were technically his half-brothers. This detail is not normally translated. -## translationNotes +# He was told -* **brothers** - These were Jesus' younger brothers. -* **it was told him** - "people told him" or "someone told him" -* **desiring to see you** - "waiting to see you" or "and they want to see you" -* **My mother and my brothers are those who hear the word of God, and obey it.** - This metaphor can be translated as a simile: "Those who hear the word of God and obey it are like a mother and brothers to me" or "Those who hear the word of God and obey it are as important to me as my mother and brothers." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People told him" or "Someone told him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wanting to see you + +"and they want to see you" + +# My mother and my brothers are those who hear the word of God and do it + +This metaphor expresses that the people who were coming to listen to Jesus were as important to him as his own family was. AT: "Those who hear the word of God and obey it are like a mother and brothers to me" or "Those who hear the word of God and obey it are as important to me as my mother and brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/22.md b/luk/08/22.md index b1740decf8..bdf67db50c 100644 --- a/luk/08/22.md +++ b/luk/08/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] +Jesus and his disciples then use a boat to cross Lake Genneseret. The disciples learn more about Jesus' power through the storm that arises. -## translationNotes +# the lake -* **Now it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **the lake** - This is lake of Genneseret which is also called the Sea of Galilee. -* **as they sailed** - "as they went" -* **fell asleep** - "slept" -* **a storm of very strong winds came up** - "very strong winds suddenly began to blow" +This is the lake of Genneseret which is also called the Sea of Galilee. + +# They set sail + +This expression means they began to travel across the lake in their sailboat. + +# as they sailed + +"as they went" + +# fell asleep + +"slept" + +# A terrible windstorm came down + +"a storm of very strong winds began" or "very strong winds suddenly began to blow" + +# their boat was filling with water + +The strong winds caused high waves which pushed water over the sides of the boat. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the winds caused high waves that started to fill up their boat with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/24.md b/luk/08/24.md index 55afc9490b..27ecca6795 100644 --- a/luk/08/24.md +++ b/luk/08/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# rebuked -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +"spoke sharply to" -## translationNotes +# the raging of the water -* **Master** - The Greek word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” -* **rebuked** - "spoke sharply to" -* **they ceased** - "the wind and the waves stopped" -* **Where is your faith?** - This is a rhetorical question. Jesus was rebuking them mildly because they did not trust him to take care of them. It can be translated as "You should have had faith" or "You should have trusted me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who is this** - This can be translated as "What kind of man is this." -* **that he commands** - This can be the beginning of a new sentence: "He commands." +"the violent waves" + +# they ceased + +"the wind and the waves stopped" or "they became still" + +# Where is your faith? + +Jesus was rebuking them mildly because they did not trust him to take care of them. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should have had faith!" or "You should have trusted me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who then is this ... obey him? + +"What kind of man is this ... obey him?" This question expresses the shock and confusion over how Jesus was able to control the storm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that he commands + +This can be the beginning of a new sentence: "He commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/26.md b/luk/08/26.md index bfbde0f763..fbd4b1a10c 100644 --- a/luk/08/26.md +++ b/luk/08/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Jesus and his disciples come ashore at Gerasa where Jesus removes many demons from a man. -## translationNotes +# region of the Gerasenes -* **region of the Gerasenes** - Gerasenes were people from the city called Gerasa. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **opposite Galilee** - "on the other side of the lack from Galilee" -* **a certain man from the city** - "a man from the city of Gerasa" -* **had demons** - "he was controlled by demons" -* **he had worn no clothes** - "he had not worn clothes" -* **tombs** - These are places where people put dead bodies, possibly caves. The fact that the man was living in them indicates that these were not holes dug down in the ground. +Gerasenes were people from the city called Gerasa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# across the lake from Galilee + +"on the other side of the lake from Galilee" + +# a certain man from the city + +"a man from the city of Gerasa" + +# a certain man from the city who had demons + +The man had demons; it was not the city that had demons. AT: "a certain man from the city, and this man had demons" + +# who had demons + +"who was controlled by demons" or "whom demons controlled" + +# For a long time he had worn no clothes ... but among the tombs + +This is background information about the man who had demons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he had worn no clothes + +"he had not worn clothes" + +# tombs + +These are places where people put dead bodies, possibly caves or small buildings that the man could use for shelter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/28.md b/luk/08/28.md index 9f5cdcb9db..18bea5e137 100644 --- a/luk/08/28.md +++ b/luk/08/28.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# When he saw Jesus -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:torment]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"When the man who had the demon saw Jesus" -## translationNotes +# he cried out -* **When he saw Jesus** - "When the man who had the demon saw Jesus" -* **he cried out** - "he screamed" or "he shrieked" -* **fell down before him** - “lay down on the ground before Jesus.” He did not fall accidentally. He did this because he was afraid of Jesus. -* **with a loud voice said** - "he said loudly" or "he shouted out" -* **What do I have to do with you** - This can be translated as "Why are you bothering me." -* **many times it had seized him** - "many times it had captured the man." It can be translated as "many times it had gone into him." This and the next sentence tell about what the demon had done many times before Jesus went to the man. -* **even though he was bound with chains and shackles, and kept under guard** - This can be translated with active verbs: "even though the people had bound the man with chains and shackles and guarded him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"he screamed" or "he shrieked" + +# fell down before him + +"lay down on the ground before Jesus." He did not fall accidentally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# he said with a loud voice + +"He said loudly" or "He shouted out" + +# What have you to do with me + +This idiom means "Why are you bothering me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of the Most High God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# many times it had seized him + +"many times it had taken control of the man" or "many times it had gone into him." This tells about what the demon had done many times before Jesus met the man. + +# hough he was bound ... and kept under guard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "though the people had bound him with chains and shackles and guarded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be driven by the demon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the demon would make him go out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/30.md b/luk/08/30.md index b90ed7d7c3..4f2d2a350c 100644 --- a/luk/08/30.md +++ b/luk/08/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Legion -* [[en:tw:abyss]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +Translate this with a word that refers to a large number of soldiers or people. Some other translations say "Army." AT: "Battalion" or "Brigade" -## translationNotes +# kept begging him -* **Army** - Translate this with a word that refers to a large number of soldiers or people. It could also be translated as "Battalion" or "Brigade." -* **to depart into the abyss** - "to leave the man and go into the abyss" +"kept begging Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/32.md b/luk/08/32.md index bdd48e129f..15f70de615 100644 --- a/luk/08/32.md +++ b/luk/08/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now a large herd of pigs was there feeding on the hillside -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:pig]] +This is supplied as background information to introduce the pigs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# was there feeding on the hillside -* **a herd of many pigs was there feeding on the hill** - "a herd of many pigs was nearby eating grass on a hill" -* **rushed** - "ran very fast" +"was nearby eating grass on a hill" + +# So the demons came out + +The word "so" is used here to explain that the reason the demons came of out the man was because Jesus had told them that they could go into the pigs. + +# rushed + +"ran very fast" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/34.md b/luk/08/34.md index b872c9c11d..4be9191ec5 100644 --- a/luk/08/34.md +++ b/luk/08/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# found the man from whom the demons had gone out -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +"saw the man whom the demons had left" -## translationNotes +# in his right mind -* **they fled** - "they quickly ran away" -* **found the man from whom the demons had gone out** - "saw the man whom the demons had left" -* **He was clothed** - "He was wearing clothes" -* **in his right mind** - "he was sane" or "he was behaving normally" -* **sitting at the feet of Jesus** - This can also be translated as "sitting on the ground, listening to Jesus." -* **they were afraid** - "they were afraid of Jesus" +"sane" or "behaving normally" + +# sitting at the feet of Jesus + +"sitting at the feet" is an idiom that means "sitting humbly nearby" or "sitting in front of." AT: "sitting on the ground in front of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they were afraid + +It may be helpful to state explicitly that they were afraid of Jesus. AT: "they were afraid of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/36.md b/luk/08/36.md index 6198ce4733..a7e35ee097 100644 --- a/luk/08/36.md +++ b/luk/08/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# those who had seen it -* [[en:tw:save]] +"those who had seen what had happened" -## translationNotes +# the man who had been possessed by demons had been healed -* **the ones who had seen what had happened told** - These were the people who had been with the man when Jesus made the demons leave him. -* **had been saved** - "had been rescued" or "had been set free" or "had been healed" -* **region of the Gerasenes** - "that area" or "the area where the Gerasene people lived" -* **gripped with great fear** - "had become very fearful" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus had healed the man whom demons had possessed" or "Jesus had healed the man whom demons had controlled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the region of the Gerasenes + +"that area of the Gerasenes" or "the area where the Gerasene people lived" + +# they were overwhelmed with great fear + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they became very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# start back + +The destination can be stated. AT: "go back across the lake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/38.md b/luk/08/38.md index 4d84a9d3a4..d16473699c 100644 --- a/luk/08/38.md +++ b/luk/08/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The man -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] +The events in these verses happened before Jesus left in the boat. It may be helpful to state this clearly at the beginning. AT: "Before Jesus and his disciples left, the man" or "Before Jesus and his disciples set sail, the man" -## translationNotes +# your home -* **But the man** - Some may need to start this with "But before Jesus and his disciples left, the man" or "Before Jesus and his disciples set sail, the man." -* **he sent him away** - "Jesus sent the man away" -* **your house** - "your household" or "your family" +"your household" or "your family" + +# give a full account of what God has done for you + +"and tell them everything about what God has done for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/40.md b/luk/08/40.md index 3346cc72d7..f5e3b0a1c6 100644 --- a/luk/08/40.md +++ b/luk/08/40.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +When Jesus and his disciples return to Galilee on the other side of the lake, he heals the 12 year old daughter of the ruler of the synagogue as well as a woman who has been bleeding for 12 years. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **the crowd welcomed him** - This could be translated as "the crowd joyfully greeted him." -* **And behold, there came a man named Jairus** - The word "behold" alerts us to Jairus as a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man who was named Jairus.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **one of the leaders of the synagogue** - "one of the leaders at the local synagogue" or "a leader of the people who met at the synagogue in that area" -* **fell down at Jesus' feet** - 1) “bowed down at Jesus feet” or 2) “lay down on the ground at Jesus feet.” Jairus did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. -* **she was dying** - "she was about to die" or "she was near death" -* **But as he was going** - Some translators may need to first say "So Jesus agreed to go with the man." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the crowds of people were pressing against him** - "the people were crowding tightly around Jesus" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +These verses give background information about Jairus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the crowd welcomed him + +"the crowd joyfully greeted him" + +# one of the leaders of the synagogue + +"one of the leaders at the local synagogue" or "a leader of the people who met at the synagogue in that city" + +# fell down at Jesus' feet + +Possible meanings are 1) "bowed down at Jesus feet" or 2) "lay down on the ground at Jesus feet." Jairus did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# was dying + +"was about to die" + +# As Jesus was on his way + +Some translators may need to first say that Jesus had agreed to go with Jairus. AT: "So Jesus agreed to go with him. As he was on his way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the crowds of people pressed together around him + +"the people were crowding tightly around Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/43.md b/luk/08/43.md index 47161fd78e..36609268be 100644 --- a/luk/08/43.md +++ b/luk/08/43.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a woman was there -* [[en:tw:heal]] +This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# had been bleeding -* This event happens on the way to heal Jairus' daughter. -* **had been bleeding** - "had a flow of blood." She was probably bleeding from her womb even when it was not the normal time for it. Some cultures may have a polite way of referring to this condition. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **but could not be healed by any of them** - "but none of them could cure her" -* **touched the border of his garment** - "touched the fringe of his robe." Jewish men wore tassels on the edges of their robes as a part of their ceremonial dress, as commanded in God's Law. This is likely what she touched. +"had a flow of blood." She was probably bleeding from her womb even when it was not the normal time for it. Some cultures may have a polite way of referring to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# and could not be healed by anyone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but no one could heal her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# touched the edge of his coat + +"touched the fringe of his robe." Jewish men wore tassels on the edges of their robes as a part of their ceremonial dress as commanded in God's Law. This is likely what she touched. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/45.md b/luk/08/45.md index 1fcd34fadd..e9d2a8c471 100644 --- a/luk/08/45.md +++ b/luk/08/45.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the crowds of people ... are pressing in against you -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +By saying this, Peter was implying that anyone could have touched Jesus. This implicit information can be made explicit if necessary. AT: "there are many people crowding around you and pressing in against you, so any one of them might have touched you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Someone did touch me -* Jesus is still on the way to heal Jairus' daughter. -* **Master** - The word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” -* **the crowds of people are pressing in on you and crowding you** - By saying this, Peter was implying that anyone could have touched Jesus. This implicit information can be made explicit if necessary as in the UDB. (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I knew that power was going out from me** - "I felt healing power go out from me." Jesus did not lose power or become weak, but his power healed the woman. +It may be helpful to distinguish this intentional "touch" from the accidental touches of the crowd. AT: "I know that someone deliberately touched me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I know that power has gone out from me + +Jesus did not lose power or become weak, but his power healed the woman. AT: "I know that healing power went out from me" or "I felt my power heal someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/47.md b/luk/08/47.md index 4445aabba2..3eb028c9ef 100644 --- a/luk/08/47.md +++ b/luk/08/47.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# that she could not escape notice -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:tremble]] +"that she could not keep secret what she had done." It may be helpful to state what she did. AT: "that she could not keep it a secret that she was the one who had touched Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# she came trembling -* Jesus continues to speak to the woman while on his way to heal Jairus' daughter. -* **that she could not hide what she had done** - "that she could not keep it a secret that she was the one who had touched Jesus" -* **she came trembling** - "she came trembling with fear" -* **in the presence** - "in the sight of" or "in the hearing of" or "before" -* **falling down before Jesus** - Possible meanings are 1) “she bowed down in front of Jesus” or 2) “she lay down on the ground at Jesus feet.” She did not fall accidentally. She did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. -* **Daughter** - This was a kind way of speaking to a woman. Your language may have another way of showing this kindness. -* **your faith has healed you** - "because of your faith you have become well." The idea of “faith” can be translated with a verb: “Because you believe, you are healed.” -* **go in peace** - This is a way of saying “goodbye” and giving a blessing at the same time. It can be translated as “As you go, do not worry anymore” or “May God give you peace as you go” (UDB). +"she came trembling with fear" + +# falling down before him + +Possible meanings are 1) "She bowed down in front of Jesus" or 2) "She lay down on the ground at Jesus' feet." She did not fall accidentally. This was a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. + +# in the presence of + +"in the sight of" or "among" + +# Daughter + +This was a kind way of speaking to a woman. Your language may have another way of showing this kindness. + +# your faith has made you well + +"because of your faith, you have become well." The abstract noun "faith" could be stated as an action. AT: "because you believe, you are healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Go in peace + +This idiom is a way of saying, "Goodbye" and giving a blessing at the same time. AT: "As you go, do not worry anymore" or "May God give you peace as you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/49.md b/luk/08/49.md index 8f7aa959c5..ba98877ae6 100644 --- a/luk/08/49.md +++ b/luk/08/49.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# While he was still speaking -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +"While Jesus was still speaking to the woman" -## translationNotes +# synagogue leader -* A messenger arrives from Jairus' house as Jesus finishes speaking to the woman that he healed. -* **while he was still speaking** - "While Jesus was still speaking to the woman" -* **synagogue leader** - This refers to Jairus. He was one of the leaders at the local synagogue. -* **he answered him** - "Jesus answered Jairus." Jesus was speaking to the synagogue ruler, and not to the messenger. -* **she will be saved** - "she will well" or "she will live again" (UDB) +This refers to Jairus. (See: [Luke 8:41](./40.md)) + +# Do not trouble the teacher + +This statement implies that Jesus will not be able to do anything to help now that the girl is dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the teacher + +This refers to Jesus. + +# she will be healed + +"she will be well" or "she will live again" . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/51.md b/luk/08/51.md index 1630d28b3e..922ebfc7fa 100644 --- a/luk/08/51.md +++ b/luk/08/51.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When he came to the house -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +"When they came to the house." Jesus went their with Jairus. Also some of Jesus' disciples went with them. -## translationNotes +# he allowed no one ... except Peter and John and James, and the father of the child and her mother -* Jesus continued on to Jairus' house despite hearing that his daughter was dead. -* **Then when he came to the house, he** - Because Jesus did not go alone to the house, it can be translated as "Then when they came to the house, Jesus." -* **except Peter, John and James, and the father of the girl and her mother** - "He only allowed Peter, John and James, and the girl's father and mother to go inside" -* **all the people there were mourning and wailing for her** - "all the people were showing how sad they were and crying loudly because the girl had died" +This could be stated positively. AT: "Jesus allowed only Peter, John, and James, and the girl's father and mother to go inside with him" + +# the father of the child + +This refers to Jairus. + +# all were mourning and wailing for her + +This was the normal way of showing grief in that culture. AT: "all the people there were showing how sad they were and crying loudly because the girl had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# knowing that she was dead + +"because they knew the girl was dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/54.md b/luk/08/54.md index 11dc71f787..547d13ca71 100644 --- a/luk/08/54.md +++ b/luk/08/54.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he took her by the hand -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +"Jesus took hold of the girl's hand" -## translationNotes +# Her spirit returned -* **Child, arise** - "Little girl, get up" -* **her spirit returned** - The word "spirit" can also be translated as "breath" or "life." The phrase can be translated as "She came back to life" or "she became alive again." +"Her spirit returned to her body." The Jews understood that life was the result of the spirit coming into a person. AT: "She came back to life" or "She became alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# spirit + +"breath" or "life" + +# to tell no one + +This could be stated differently. AT: "not to tell anyone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/intro.md b/luk/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97e183b362 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Luke 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +There are times in the narrative of this chapter where there is an abrupt change in topic. The translator should not feel the need to smooth these rough transitions. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Miracles ##### + +Jesus' miracles in this chapter appear to indicate that he had authority over things beyond human control. They also show that worship of Jesus is the proper response to his deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Parables ##### + +A parable is a short story used to illustrate a moral or religious lesson. This chapter has an extended parable, revealing truth to those who have faith in Jesus. They also conceal these same truths from those who reject Jesus. Parables usually take the form of stories. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Brother and Sisters ##### +This chapter introduces the concept of "spiritual" brothers and sisters. Scripture often uses these terms to refer to the relationship between fellow Israelites. Here, those who follow Jesus are now referred to as brothers and sisters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/01.md b/luk/09/01.md index aac8254199..5f3240f041 100644 --- a/luk/09/01.md +++ b/luk/09/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +Jesus reminds his disciples not to depend on money and their things, gives them power, and then sends them out to various places. -## translationNotes +# power and authority -* **power and authority** - These two terms are used together to show that the twelve had both the ability and the right to heal people. Translate this phrase with a combination of words that include both of these ideas. -* **diseases** - "sicknesses." This refers to what makes a person sick. -* **sent them out** - This could be translated as "sent them to various places" or "told them to go." +These two terms are used together to show that the twelve had both the ability and the right to heal people. Translate this phrase with a combination of words that include both of these ideas. + +# all the demons + +Possible meanings are 1) "every demon" or 2) "every kind of demon." + +# diseases + +"sicknesses" + +# sent them out + +"sent them to various places" or "told them to go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/03.md b/luk/09/03.md index 69498ae369..2025d37b0f 100644 --- a/luk/09/03.md +++ b/luk/09/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to them -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +"Jesus said to the twelve." It may be helpful to state that this happened before they went out. AT: "Before they left, Jesus said to them" -## translationNotes +# Take nothing -* **He said to them** - "Jesus said to the twelve" -* **Take nothing ** - This could be translated as "Do not take anything with you" or "Do not bring anything with you." -* **for your journey** - "for your trip" or "when you travel." They are to take nothing for their entire trip, as they move from village to village, and until they come back to Jesus. -* **staff ** - "rod" or "walking stick." A staff was a large stick that was a used for balance when climbing or on uneven ground. It could also be used for defense against attackers. -* **whatever house you enter into** - "any house you enter" -* **stay there** - "remain there" or "temporarily live in that house as a guest" -* **from that place** - "from that town" or "from that area" +"Do not take anything with you" or "Do not bring anything with you" + +# for your journey + +"for your trip" or "when you travel." They are to take nothing for their entire trip, as they move from village to village, and until they come back to Jesus. + +# staff + +"rod" or "walking stick." A staff was a large stick that was a used for balance when climbing or on uneven ground. It could also be used for defense against attackers. + +# wallet + +a bag a traveler uses for carrying what he needs on a journey + +# bread + +This is here used as a general reference to "food." + +# Whatever house you enter + +"Any house you enter" + +# stay there + +"remain there" or "temporarily live in that house as a guest" + +# until you leave + +"until you leave that town" or "until you leave that place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/05.md b/luk/09/05.md index ae3dd7d19c..a0d7d308cd 100644 --- a/luk/09/05.md +++ b/luk/09/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Wherever they do not receive you -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +"Here is what you should do in places where people who do not receive you" -## translationNotes +# shake off the dust from your feet as a testimony against them -* Jesus continues to give directions to his twelve apostles. -* **as for those who do not receive you** - This can be translated as "here is what you should do about the people who do not receive you." -* **they departed** - "they left the place were Jesus was" -* **everywhere** - "everywhere they went" +To "shake off the dust from your feet" was an expression of strong rejection in that culture. It showed they did not want even the dust of that town to remain on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they departed + +"they left the place were Jesus was" + +# everywhere + +"everywhere they went" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/07.md b/luk/09/07.md index 85017e872d..534e70aa3f 100644 --- a/luk/09/07.md +++ b/luk/09/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:tetrarch]] +These verses interrupt to give information about Herod. -## translationNotes +# Now Herod -* **Herod, the tetrarch** - This refers to Herod Antipas, who was the ruler of one-fourth of Israel. -* **was very disturbed** - "was very upset" or "was troubled by the news" or "was perplexed" (UDB) -* **I beheaded John** - This could be translated as "I commanded my soldiers to cut off John's head." +This phrase marks a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells background information about Herod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Herod the tetrarch + +This refers to Herod Antipas, who was the ruler of one-fourth of Israel. + +# perplexed + +"confused" + +# it was said by some ... and it was said ... and still others + +These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "some people said ... and others said ... and others said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I beheaded John, but who is this + +Herod assumed that it was impossible for John to rise from the dead. This can be stated clearly. AT: "It cannot be John because I had his head cut off. So who is this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I beheaded John + +Herod's soldiers would have carried out executions. AT: "I commanded my soldiers to cut off John's head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/10.md b/luk/09/10.md index 835119e399..c8c5313211 100644 --- a/luk/09/10.md +++ b/luk/09/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Though the disciples return to Jesus and they go to Bethsaida to spend time together, the crowds follow Jesus for healing and to listen to his teaching. He multiplies bread and fish to help them as they return home. -## translationNotes +# returned -* **the ones who had been sent out** - "the twelve apostles that Jesus had sent out" -* **returned** - "came back to where Jesus was" -* **they told him** - "the apostles told Jesus" -* **everything they had done** - This refers to the teaching and healing that they did when they went to the other cities. -* **And taking them with him, he went away by himself** - This could be translated as "He took them with him and they went by themselves." Jesus and his apostles went away by themselves. -* **Bethsaida** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"came back to where Jesus was" + +# everything they had done + +This refers to the teaching and healing that they did when they went to the other cities. + +# Bethsaida + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/12.md b/luk/09/12.md index 46b6427d21..a9ad4f6447 100644 --- a/luk/09/12.md +++ b/luk/09/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the day was about to come to an end -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +"the day was about to end" or it was near the end of the day" -## translationNotes +# five loaves of bread -* **The day began to come to an end** - "As the sun set" or "As the day ended" or "As evening came" -* **Dismiss the crowds** - "Tell the crowds to go away" -* **unless we went and bought food** - This could be translated as "unless we were to go and buy food" or "unless we go and buy food." Or you could start a new sentence, "If you want us to feed them, we would have to go and buy food." -* **about five thousand men** - "about 5,000 men." This number does not include the women and children who might have been present. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Have them sit down** - "Tell them to sit down" -* **fifty each** - "50 each" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. + +# unless we go and buy food + +If "unless" is difficult to understand in your language, you could make this a new sentence. AT: "In order to feed them all, we would have to go and buy food" + +# about five thousand men + +"about 5,000 men." This number does not include the women and children who might have been present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Have them sit down + +"Tell them to sit down" + +# fifty each + +"50 each" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/15.md b/luk/09/15.md index 89c1864477..c09abfed39 100644 --- a/luk/09/15.md +++ b/luk/09/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# So they did this -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +"This" refers to what Jesus told them to do [Luke 9:14](./12.md). They told the people to sit down in groups of about fifty people. -## translationNotes +# Taking the five loaves -* **So they did that** - The disciples had the crowd sit down in groups of fifty people. -* **and he** - This refers to Jesus. -* **loaves** - These are specific amounts of baked bread. This could be translated as "whole breads." -* **and looking** - "while looking" or "after looking" -* **up to heaven** - This refers to looking up, toward the sky. The Jews believed that heaven was located above the sky. -* **to set before** - "to hand out to" or "to pass out to" or "to give to" -* **were satisfied** - This could be translated as "they had as much as they wanted to eat." +"Jesus took the five loaves of bread" + +# up to heaven + +This refers to looking up, toward the sky. The Jews believed that heaven was located above the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he blessed them + +This refers to the loaves of bread and the fish. + +# to set before + +"to pass out to" or "to give to" + +# were satisfied + +This idiom means they ate enough food so they were not hungry. AT: "they had as much as they wanted to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# what was left over was picked up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the disciples picked what was left over" or "the disciples picked up the pieces of food that remained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/18.md b/luk/09/18.md index 07368bde55..a736d02cbd 100644 --- a/luk/09/18.md +++ b/luk/09/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Jesus is praying, alone with his disciples, and they begin to talk about who Jesus is. Jesus tells them of his death and resurrection that will follow and urges them to follow him no matter what happens. -## translationNotes +# It came about -* **And it happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **as he was praying** - This refers to Jesus. -* **praying alone** - The disciples were with Jesus, but he was praying personally and privately by himself. -* **And answering, they said** - "And they answered him by saying" -* **John the Baptist** - Some languages may prefer to add "Some say you are John the Baptist." -* **from ancient times** - "who lived a very long time ago" -* **has risen again** - "has come back to life" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# praying by himself + +"praying alone." The disciples were with Jesus, but he was praying personally and privately by himself. + +# John the Baptist + +It may be helpful to restate part of the question here. AT: "Some say you are John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# that one of the prophets from long ago has risen + +It may be helpful to clarify how this answer relates to Jesus' question. AT: "that you are one of the prophets from long ago and have risen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has risen + +"has come back to life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/20.md b/luk/09/20.md index 2cda17e983..469622f0a1 100644 --- a/luk/09/20.md +++ b/luk/09/20.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he said to them -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +"Then Jesus said to his disciples" -## translationNotes +# to tell this to no one -* **He said to them** - "Jesus said to his disciples" -* **And answering, Peter said** - "And Peter answered and said" or "And Peter answered by saying" -* **But warning them, Jesus instructed them** - This can be translated as "But Jesus warned and instructed them" or "Then Jesus warned them strongly" (UDB). -* **to tell this to no one** - "not to tell anyone" or "that they should not tell anyone." This is an indirect quote. Alternate translation: "But warning them, Jesus told them, 'Do not tell anyone.'" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **that the Son of Man must suffer many things** - This can be translated as "that people would cause the Son of Man to suffer greatly." Verse 22 can also be translated as a direct quote as it is in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **be raised back to life** - "be made alive again" -* **on the third day** - "three days after dying" or "on the third day after his death" +"not to tell anyone" or "that they should not tell anyone." This could be stated as a direct quote. AT: "'Do not tell anyone'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# The Son of Man must suffer many things + +"People will cause the Son of Man to suffer greatly" + +# The Son of Man ... and he will + +Jesus is referring to himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man ... and I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the elders, chief priests, and scribes will reject him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he will be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the third day + +"three days after he dies" or "on the third day after his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# be raised + +"be made alive again." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make him alive again" or "he will live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/23.md b/luk/09/23.md index 001b010f46..064dbc2786 100644 --- a/luk/09/23.md +++ b/luk/09/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# he said -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +"Jesus said" -## translationNotes +# to them all -* **And he** - This refers to Jesus. -* **to them all** - This refers to the disciples who were with Jesus. -* **to come after me** - "to follow after me" or "to be my follower" or "to come with me as a disciple" -* **deny himself** - This could be translated as "not give in to his own desires," or "forsake his own desires." -* **take up his cross daily** - "lift up his cross and carry it every day." This has the meaning of "be ready to suffer daily." -* **follow me** - "go along with me" or "begin to follow me and keep on following me" -* **what does it benefit a man** - This can be translated as "how does a person profit." This is part of a rhetorical question. It could also be translated as "It does not benefit a man" or "A man does not receive anything good." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **if he gains the whole world** - "if he gets everything in the world" -* **loses or forfeits his own self** - This can be translated as "he himself is lost or destroyed." +This refers to the disciples who were with Jesus. + +# come after me + +"follow me." Coming after Jesus represents being one of his disciples. AT: "be my disciple" or "be one of my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# must deny himself + +"must not give in to his own desires" or "must forsake his own desires" + +# take up his cross daily and follow me + +"carry his cross and follow me every day." The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. AT: "must obey me every day even to the point of suffering and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# follow me + +Following Jesus here represents obeying him. AT: "obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# follow me + +"go along with me" or "begin to follow me and keep on following me" + +# What good is it ... forfeit himself? + +The implied answer to this question is that tit is not good. AT: "It will not benefit someone at all to gain the whole world, and yet lose himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to gain the whole world + +"to get everything in the world" + +# lose or forfeit himself + +"ruin himself or give up his life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/26.md b/luk/09/26.md index 883737ed59..37f8406693 100644 --- a/luk/09/26.md +++ b/luk/09/26.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# my words -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"what I say" or "what I teach" -## translationNotes +# of him will the Son of Man be ashamed -* Jesus continues talking to his disciples. -* **and my words** - "and what I say" or "and what I teach" -* **of him will the Son of Man be ashamed** - This can be translated as "the Son of Man will also be ashamed of him." -* **the Son of Man** - Jesus was speaking about himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man." -* **when he comes in his own glory** - Jesus was speaking of himself in the third person. This could be translated in the first person as "when I come in my own glory." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **some of them who are standing here** - Here Jesus was referring to some of the people he was speaking to. This could be translated as "some of you standing here now" (UDB). -* **will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God** - This could be translated as "will see the kingdom of God before they die." -* **will not taste death** - "will not experience death" or "will not die" -* **until they see the kingdom of God** - Depending on how you translate "some of them," you could also translate this as "until you see the kingdom of God." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Son of Man will also be ashamed of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son of Man ... when he comes + +Jesus was speaking about himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man ... when I come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# But I say to you truly + +Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the importance of what he will say next. + +# there are some standing here who will not taste death + +"some of you who are standing here will not taste death" + +# before they see + +Jesus was speaking to the people he was talking about. AT: "before you see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# will not taste death before they see the kingdom of God + +This idea with "not ... until" can be expressed positively with "before". AT: "will see the kingdom of God before they die" or "will see the kingdom of God before you die" + +# taste death + +This idiom means "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/28.md b/luk/09/28.md index da91a0750c..60f91a3d42 100644 --- a/luk/09/28.md +++ b/luk/09/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Eight days after Jesus tells his disciples that some would not die before they saw the kingdom of God, Jesus goes up the mountain to pray with Peter, James, and John who all fall asleep while Jesus is changed to a dazzling appearance. -## translationNotes +# these words -* **And it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **these words** - This refers to what Jesus said to his disciples in the preceding verses. -* **into the mountain** - This could be translated as "on the side of a mountain." It is unclear how far up the mountain they went. -* **the appearance of his face looked different** - This could be translated as "the appearance of his face changed." -* **white and dazzling** - "shining white and brilliant" or "brilliant white and shining" or "dazzling white and shining like lightening" (UDB). +This refers to what Jesus said to his disciples in the preceding verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/30.md b/luk/09/30.md index 966221907d..53daf6c61c 100644 --- a/luk/09/30.md +++ b/luk/09/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. AT: "Suddenly" -## translationNotes +# who appeared in glorious splendor -* **And behold, there were two men talking** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. It can be translated as "Suddenly there were two men talking" or "Suddenly two men were talking." -* **who looked glorious** - This relative clause is adding information about Moses and Elijah. It can be translated as "and they looked glorious." (See: description of Relative Clauses in the [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]] information) -* **his departure** - "his leaving" or "how he would leave this world." It could be translated as "his death." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This phrase gives information about how Moses and Elijah looked. Some languages would translate it as a separate clause. AT: "and they appeared in glorious splendor" or "and they were shining brightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# his departure + +"his leaving" or "how Jesus would leave this world." This was a polite way of talking about his death. AT: "his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/32.md b/luk/09/32.md index e0e2fd6402..2dca662ad6 100644 --- a/luk/09/32.md +++ b/luk/09/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:glory]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells information about Peter, James, and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# heavy with sleep -* **they saw his glory** - This refers to the brilliant light that surrounded them. This could be translated as "they saw brilliant light coming from Jesus" or "they saw very bright light coming out of Jesus." -* **the two men who were standing with him** - This refers to Moses and Elijah. -* **It happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Master** - The word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” -* **shelter** - "tent" or "hut" +This idiom means "very sleepy" . + +# they saw his glory + +This refers to the brilliant light that surrounded them. AT: "they saw brilliant light coming from Jesus" or "they saw very bright light coming out of Jesus" + +# the two men who were standing with him + +This refers to Moses and Elijah. + +# As they were going away + +"as Moses and Elijah were going away" + +# shelters + +"tents" or "huts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/34.md b/luk/09/34.md index a1b492397c..4ef956310d 100644 --- a/luk/09/34.md +++ b/luk/09/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# As he was saying this -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"While Peter was saying these things" -## translationNotes +# they were afraid -* **while he was saying these things** - "while Peter was saying these things" -* **they were afraid** - These adult disciples were not afraid of clouds. This phrase indicates that some kind of unusual fear came over them with the cloud. It could be translated as "they were terrified." -* **A voice came out of the cloud saying** - If it is unnatural to talk about a voice speaking, it could be translated as "God spoke to them from the cloud, saying." -* **my chosen Son** - This can be translated as "my Son, whom I have chosen" (UDB) or "my Son, the chosen one." The word "chosen" is adding information about God's Son. It is not saying that God has more than one son. (See: information about Adjectives on [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_partsofspeech]]) -* **those days** - This may refer to the days until Jesus was taken up to Heaven after the resurrection or possibly the days directly after Jesus made the statement. +These adult disciples were not afraid of clouds. This phrase indicates that some kind of unusual fear came over them with the cloud. AT: "they were terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they entered into the cloud + +This can be expressed in terms of what the cloud did. AT: "the cloud surrounded them" + +# A voice came out of the cloud + +It is understood that the voice could only have belonged to God. AT: "God spoke to them from the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the one who is chosen + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "the one I have chosen" or "I have chosen him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They kept silent ... what they had seen + +This is information that tells what happened after the story as a result of the events in the story itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# kept silent ... told no one + +The first phrase refers to their immediate response, and the second refers to what they did in the following days. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/37.md b/luk/09/37.md index f846bf936b..4e0af3065a 100644 --- a/luk/09/37.md +++ b/luk/09/37.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +The next day after Jesus' dazzling appearance, Jesus heals a demon-possessed boy that the disciples were unable to make better. -## translationNotes +# Behold, a man from the crowd -* **It happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **And behold, a man from the crowd** - The word "behold" alerts us to the new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man in the crowd who said…” -* **and behold, a spirit** - The word "behold" introduces us to the evil spirit in the man's story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was an evil spirit…” -* **it departs from him with difficulty** - Possible meanings for this are 1) "It hardly ever leaves my child" (UDB) or 2) "It is so hard on my son when it leaves him that..." -* **foaming at the mouth** - When a person has a seizure, they can have trouble breathing or swallowing. This causes white foam to form around their mouths. If you language has a way to describe that, you should use it. +The word "behold" alerts us to the new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man in the crowd who said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# You see, a spirit + +The phrase "You see" introduces us to the evil spirit in the man's story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was an evil spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# he foams at the mouth + +"foam comes out of his mouth." When a person has a seizure, they can have trouble breathing or swallowing. This causes white foam to form around their mouths. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/41.md b/luk/09/41.md index c789e92dbf..eeae4c367f 100644 --- a/luk/09/41.md +++ b/luk/09/41.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus answered and said -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] +"In answer Jesus said" -## translationNotes +# You unbelieving and depraved generation -* **Jesus answered and said** - "In answer Jesus said" -* **you unbelieving and corrupt generation** - This was addressed to the crowd that had gathered, and not to the disciples. -* **how long will I have to stay with you and bear with you?** - This is a rhetorical question. Jesus did not expect and answer. The meaning is "I have done so much and still you do not believe!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Bring your son here** - Here Jesus is speaking directly to the father who addressed him. -* **still coming** - "on his way" or "on the way" -* **rebuked** - "spoke harshly to" +Jesus said this to the crowd that had gathered, and not to his disciples. + +# depraved generation + +"corrupt generation" + +# how long must I be with you and put up with you? + +Here "you" is plural. Jesus uses these questions to express his sadness that the people did not believe. They can be written as statements. AT: "I have been with you so long, yet you do not believe. I wonder how long I must put up with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Bring your son here + +Here "your" is singular. Jesus is speaking directly to the father who addressed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/43.md b/luk/09/43.md index 2cf2e89fdc..64bf6e2938 100644 --- a/luk/09/43.md +++ b/luk/09/43.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# they were all amazed at the greatness of God -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus performed the miracle, but the crowd recognized that God was the power behind the healing. -## translationNotes +# everything he was doing -* **They were all amazed at the greatness of God** - Jesus performed the miracle, but the crowd recognized that God was the power behind the healing. -* **which he did** - "that Jesus did" -* **Let these words go deeply into your ears** - This is an idiom that means "Listen carefully and remember" or "Do not forget this." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the Son of Man** - Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the son of Man." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **delivered over into the hands** - "handed over to" (UDB). Here "hands" refer to power or control. AT: "Men will hand the Son of Man over to the authorities." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they did not understand** - This could be translated as "they did not know he was talking about his death." +"everything Jesus was doing" + +# Let these words go deeply into your ears + +This is an idiom that means they should pay attention. AT: "Listen carefully and remember" or "Do not forget this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The Son of Man will be betrayed into the hands of men + +This can be stated with an active clause. Here "hands" refers to power or control. AT: "they will betray the Son of Man and put him in the control of men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# into the hands of men + +Jesus does not identify these men here, but it might be helpful to state that information. AT: "to my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It was hidden from them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God hid the meaning from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/46.md b/luk/09/46.md index 7157d3f522..cb99cd46ef 100644 --- a/luk/09/46.md +++ b/luk/09/46.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +A dispute that revolves around power starts among the disciples. -## translationNotes +# among them -* **among them** - "among the disciples" -* **reasoning in their hearts** - "thinking about individually" or "considering in their private thoughts" -* **in my name** - This refers to a person doing something as a representative of Jesus. AT: "because of me" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the one who sent me** - "God, who sent me" (UDB) +"among the disciples" + +# reasoning in their hearts + +The "heart" refers to the deepest thoughts and desires of a person. AT: "thinking about individually" or "considering in their private thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in my name + +This refers to a person doing something as a representative of Jesus. AT: "because of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# welcomes me + +This metaphor could also be stated as a simile. AT: "it is like he is welcoming me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who sent me + +"God, who sent me" + +# the one who is great + +"the ones whom God considers to be most important" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/49.md b/luk/09/49.md index 10fec28422..6e8180ef57 100644 --- a/luk/09/49.md +++ b/luk/09/49.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# John answered -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +"In reply, John said" or "John replied to Jesus." John was responding to what Jesus had said about being the greatest. He was not answering a question. -## translationNotes +# we saw -* **John answered and said** - "In reply, John said" or "John replied to Jesus." John was responding to what Jesus had said about being the greatest. He was not answering a question. He wanted to know what rank this man who was forcing out demons would have among the disciples. -* **Master** - The word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” -* **in your name** - This means the person was speaking with the power and authority of Jesus. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he that is not against you is for you** - This could be translated as "if a person does not hinder you, it is if they were helping you" or "if someone is not working contrary to you, he is working in your favor." Some modern languages have sayings that mean the same thing. +John speaks of himself but not Jesus, so "we" here is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# in your name + +This means the person was speaking with the power and authority of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not stop him + +This can be stated positively. AT: "Allow him to continue" + +# whoever is not against you is for you + +Some modern languages have sayings that mean the same thing. AT: "if a person does not hinder you, it is as if they were helping you" or "if someone is not working contrary to you, he is working in your favor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/51.md b/luk/09/51.md index 8fc06fcc19..724de2adde 100644 --- a/luk/09/51.md +++ b/luk/09/51.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +It is now obvious that Jesus has decided to go to Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# When the days drew near for him to be taken up -* **It happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **the days were approaching for him to go up** - "the time was coming for him to go up" or "it was almost time for him to go up" -* **resolutely** - "determinedly" or "deliberately" -* **set his face** - This is an idiom meaning "made up his mind" or "decided" or "firmly resolved" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to prepare for him** - This means to make arrangements for his arrival in the area, possibly including a place to speak, a place to stay, and food. -* **did not receive him** - "did not welcome him" or "did not want him to stay" +"When the time was coming for him to go up" or "When it was almost time for him to go up" + +# set his face + +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "made up his mind" or "decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to prepare everything for him + +This means to make arrangements for his arrival there, possibly including a place to speak, a place to stay, and food. + +# did not welcome him + +"did not want him to stay" + +# because he had set his face to go to Jerusalem + +The Samaritans and the Jews hated each other. Therefore the Samaritans would not help Jesus on his journey to Jerusalem, the Jewish capital. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/54.md b/luk/09/54.md index 6d1a1041e9..196d3397d4 100644 --- a/luk/09/54.md +++ b/luk/09/54.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# saw this -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +"saw that the Samaritans did not receive Jesus" -## translationNotes +# command fire to come down from heaven and destroy them -* **saw this** - "saw that the Samaritans did not receive Jesus" -* **command fire to come down from heaven and destroy them** - James and John suggested this method of judgment because they knew that this was how the prophets such as Elijah had judged people who rejected God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he turned and rebuked them** - "Jesus turned and rebuked James and John." Jesus did not condemn the Samaritans, as the disciples expected. +James and John suggested this method of judgment because they knew that this was how the prophets such as Elijah had judged people who rejected God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he turned and rebuked them + +"Jesus turned and rebuked James and John." Jesus did not condemn the Samaritans, as the disciples expected. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/57.md b/luk/09/57.md index ce117bb210..22c73a044a 100644 --- a/luk/09/57.md +++ b/luk/09/57.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# someone -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This was not one of the disciples. -## translationNotes +# Foxes have holes ... nowhere to lay his head -* **someone** - This was not one of the disciples. -* **Foxes have holes…nowhere to lay his head** - Jesus was implying that if the the man were to follow him, that man too might not have a home. The implied information can be made explicit: "So do not expect that you will have a home." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Foxes** - These are land animals similar to small dogs. They sleep in a den or a burrow in the ground. -* **birds of the sky** - "birds that fly in the air" -* **Son of Man** - Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Son of Man." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **nowhere to lay his head** - "nowhere to rest my head" or "nowhere to sleep." This is a hyperbole. Jesus is exaggerating in order to get across the point that he was not welcome anywhere to live. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Jesus responds with a proverb to teach the man about being Jesus' disciple. Jesus implies that if the man were to follow him, that man too might not have a home. AT: "Foxes have holes ... nowhere to lay his head. So do not expect that you will have a home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Foxes + +These are land animals similar to small dogs. They sleep in a den or a burrow in the ground. + +# birds in the sky + +"birds that fly in the air" + +# Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# nowhere to lay his head + +"nowhere to rest my head" or "nowhere to sleep." Jesus exaggerates to emphasize that he has no permanent home and that people did not often invite him to stay with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/59.md b/luk/09/59.md index f967d452a3..6405fe2062 100644 --- a/luk/09/59.md +++ b/luk/09/59.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Jesus continues to talk with the people along the road. -## translationNotes +# Follow me -* **Follow me** - This could be translated as "Be my follower" or "Be my disciple and come with me." -* **allow me first to go** - This could be translated as "before I do that, let me go." This is a request from the man to Jesus. -* **Leave the dead to bury their own dead** - "Let the dead people bury their own dead people." Since people who are dead cannot bury anyone, the implied meaning here is "let the spiritually dead bury the dead people." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This implies to be Jesus' disciple and go with him. + +# first let me go and bury my father + +It is unclear whether the man's father has died and he will bury him immediately, or if the man wants to stay for a longer amount of time until his father dies so he can bury him then. The main point is the man wants to do something else first before he follows Jesus. + +# first let me go + +"before I do that, let me go" + +# Leave the dead to bury their own dead + +Jesus does not mean literally that dead people will bury other dead people. Possible meanings of "the dead" are 1) it is a metaphor for those who will soon die, or 2) it is a metaphor for those who do not follow Jesus and are spiritually dead. The main point is that a disciple must not let anything delay him from following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the dead + +This refers to dead people in general. AT: "the dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/61.md b/luk/09/61.md index 03d7f9b1c5..ed2a1f792c 100644 --- a/luk/09/61.md +++ b/luk/09/61.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I will follow you -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:plow]] +"I will join you as a disciple" or "I am ready to follow you" -## translationNotes +# first let me say goodbye to those in my home -* **I will follow you ** - "I will join you as a disciple" or "I am ready to follow you" or "I promise to follow you" -* **first allow me to say farewell** - This could be translated as "before I do that, let me say goodbye" or "let me first tell them that I am leaving." -* **them that are at my house** - "my household" or "the people at my home" -* **No one…fit for the kingdom of God** - Jesus states this as a general principle that applies to every person. The implied meaning to the man, however is "You will not be fit for my kingdom if you focus on the people in your past instead of on following me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **having put his hand to the plow** - "having started to plow his field." Farmers use a plow to prepare their field so they can put seeds in it. Communities that do not know about plows could translate this in a general way: "having started to prepare his field." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **looking back** - A person who is looking back while plowing cannot guide the plow where it needs to go. They must focus on looking forward in order to plow well. -* **fit for** - "useful for" or "suitable for" +"before I do that, let me tell my people at my home that I am leaving" + +# No one ... fit for the kingdom of God + +Jesus responds with a proverb to teach the man about being his disciple. Jesus means that a person is not suitable for the kingdom to God if he focuses on people in his past instead of following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# No one who puts his hand to the plow + +Here "put his hand to" is an idiom that means the person started to do something. AT: "No one who has started to plow his field" or "No one who has started to prepare his field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# looks back + +A person who is looking back while plowing cannot guide the plow where it needs to go. They must focus on looking forward in order to plow well. + +# fit for the kingdom of God + +"useful for the kingdom of God" or "suitable for the kingdom of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/intro.md b/luk/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b14f7dea6 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Luke 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "To preach the kingdom of God" ##### +There is some controversy among scholars about whether the kingdom of God here refers to the reign of God on earth or the gospel message (Jesus died for the sins of man). It is best to translate this as "to preach about the kingdom of God" or "to teach them about how God was going to show himself as king." It is best not to treat it as a metaphor for the gospel because it is unnecessary here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +##### Elijah ##### + +The prophet Malachi prophesied that one day Elijah would return before the Messiah came. Jesus explains that John the Baptist fulfilled this prophecy by serving God in the same manner as Elijah. Elijah is mentioned in two different ways in this chapter, the actual person of Elijah and the metaphorical return of Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +##### "Kingdom of God" ##### +The term "kingdom of God" is used in this chapter to refer to a kingdom that is still in the future when the words were spoken. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) + +##### "They saw his [Jesus'] glory" ##### + +The glory of God is seen as a great, brilliant light in Scripture. God's grandeur always produces fear in the person who sees it. Such an event, presented in this chapter, is called the "transfiguration," in which Jesus is changed or transfigured so that he shows some of his divine glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or appears to contradict itself. An example in this chapter is: "Whoever would try to save his life will lose it" ([Luke 9:24](./23.md)). + +##### Son of Man ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Referring to oneself using the third person may not be possible in all languages. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +##### "Receiving" ##### +The ULB uses this word several times in this chapter with a variety of meanings. Jesus says, "If someone receives a little child like this in my name, he also is receiving me, and if someone receives me, he is also receiving the one who sent me" ([Luke 9:48](./46.md)). In this verse, "receiving" could be translated as "serving." In another verse it is said, "the people there did not receive him" ([Luke 9:53](./51.md)). In this verse, "receive" can be translated as "believe" or "accept." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/01.md b/luk/10/01.md index 6b0d86779a..5e37ad8cc0 100644 --- a/luk/10/01.md +++ b/luk/10/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Jesus sends out 70 more people ahead of him. Those 70 return with joy, and Jesus responds with praise to his heavenly Father. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **seventy** - "70." Some versions say "seventy-two" or "72." You may want to include a footnote that says that. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **sent them out by pairs** - "sent them out in groups of two" or "sent them out with two people in each group" -* **He said to them** - This was before the men actually went out. This can be translated as "This is what he said to them" or "Before they went out he told them." -* **The harvest is plentiful but the laborers are few** - "There is a big crop, but not enough workers to bring it in." This metaphor means that there are many people who are ready to be brought into the [[en:obe:kt:kingdomofgod]]) +This word is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# seventy + +"70." Some versions say "seventy-two" or "72." You may want to include a footnote that says that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sent them out two by two + +"sent them out in groups of two" or "sent them out with two people in each group" + +# He said to them + +This was before the men actually went out. AT: "This is what he had said to them" or "Before they went out he told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few + +"There is a big crop, but not enough workers to bring it in." Jesus means there are many people ready to enter God's kingdom, but there are not enough disciples to go teach and help the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/03.md b/luk/10/03.md index 403c703342..6ba4e6d267 100644 --- a/luk/10/03.md +++ b/luk/10/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Go on your way -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:wolf]] +"Go to the cities" or "Go to the people" -## translationNotes +# I send you out as lambs in the midst of wolves -* Jesus continues to give directions to the 70 people he was sending out. -* **Go on your way** - This can be translated as "Go to the cities" or "Go to the people" or "Go bring in the people." -* **I send you out as lambs in the midst of wolves** - This is a simile that means the people Jesus was sending out could be attacked by the people they were going to. It can be translated as "When I send you out, people will want to harm you as wolves attack sheep." The names of other animals could be substituted. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **lambs** - Lambs are baby sheep. They can't defend themselves against animals that attack them. -* **wolves** - Wolves are similar to large wild dogs. They attack and eat other animals, such as lambs. "Wolves" can be translated with a generic term like "wild dogs" or "fierce dogs" or with the name of a specific animal like a dog that your people know of, such as "coyotes" or "jackals" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Carry no bag of money** - "Do not take a bag of money with you" -* **Greet no one on the way** - Jesus was emphasizing that they go quickly to the towns and do this work. He was not telling them to be rude. +Wolves attack and kill sheep. This metaphor therefore means that there are people who would attempt to harm the disciples that Jesus is sending out. The names of other animals could be substituted. AT: "when I send you out, people will want to harm you as wolves attack sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Carry no bag of money + +"Do not take a bag of money with you" + +# greet no one on the road + +Jesus was emphasizing that they go quickly to the towns and do this work. He was not telling them to be rude. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/05.md b/luk/10/05.md index 738cd6ff46..fbe5776340 100644 --- a/luk/10/05.md +++ b/luk/10/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# May peace be on this house -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +This was both a greeting and a blessing. Here "house" refers to those who live in the house. AT: "May the people in this household receive peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# a person of peace -* Jesus continues to give directions to the 70 people he was sending out. -* **May peace be on this house** - "May the people in this household receive peace." This was both a greeting and a blessing. -* **a person of peace** - "a peaceful person." This is a person who wants peace with God and with people. -* **your peace will rest upon him** - This can be translated as "he will have the peace you blessed him with." -* **if not** - "if there is no person of peace there" or "if the owner of the house is not a peaceful person" -* **it will return to you** - "you will have that peace" -* **Remain in that same house** - This could be translated as "Continue to sleep at that house." Jesus was not saying that they should stay in the house all day, but that they should sleep at the same house every night they were there. -* **for the laborer is worthy of his wages** - This is a general principle that Jesus was applying to the men he was sending out. Since they would be teaching and healing the people, the people should provide them with a place to stay and food. -* **Do not go from house to house** - This means "Do not go sleep at a different house each night." +"a peaceful person." This is a person who wants peace with God and with people. + +# your peace will rest upon him + +"peace" is described as a living thing that can choose where to stay. AT: "he will have the peace you blessed him with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# if not + +It may be helpful to restate the entire phrase. AT: "if there is no person of peace there" or "if the owner of the house is not a peaceful person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# it will return to you + +"peace" is described as a living thing that can choose to leave. AT: "you will have that peace" or "he will not receive the peace you blessed him with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Remain in that same house + +Jesus was not saying that they should stay in the house all day, but that they should sleep at the same house every night they were there. AT: "Continue to sleep at that house" + +# for the laborer is worthy of his wages + +This is a general principle that Jesus was applying to the men he was sending out. Since they would be teaching and healing the people, the people should provide them with a place to stay and with food. + +# Do not move around from house to house + +Moving around from house to house means going to different houses. It can be made clear that he was talking about staying overnight at different houses. "Do not go sleep at a different house each night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/08.md b/luk/10/08.md index 901094ea24..90234bdee4 100644 --- a/luk/10/08.md +++ b/luk/10/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# and they receive you -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +"if they welcome you" -## translationNotes +# eat what is set before you -* Jesus continues to give directions to the 70 people he was sending out. -* **and they receive you** - "if they welcome you" -* **eat what is set before you** - "eat whatever food they give you" -* **The kingdom of God has come near to you** - This refers to the fact that the activity of the kingdom of God was happening all around them in the healing of the disciples and the teaching of Jesus. It could also be translated as "you can see the kingdom of God all around you right now." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "eat whatever food they give you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sick + +This refers to sick people in general. AT: "the sick people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# The kingdom of God has come close to you + +The abstract noun "kingdom" can be expressed with the verbs "reign" or "rule." Possible meanings are 1) the kingdom of God will begin soon. AT: "God will soon rule everywhere as king" or 2) the activities of kingdom of God are happening all around you. AT: "The proof that God is reigning is all around you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/10.md b/luk/10/10.md index 9ff3702c39..56a4039633 100644 --- a/luk/10/10.md +++ b/luk/10/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# and they do not receive you -* [[en:tw:judgmentday]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +"if the people of the city reject you" -## translationNotes +# Even the dust from your town that clings to our feet we wipe off against you! -* Jesus continues to give directions to the 70 people he was sending out. -* **and they do not receive you** - "if they reject you" -* **Even the dust from your city that clings to our feet, we wipe off against you!** - This can be translated as "Just as you rejected us, we thoroughly reject you. We even reject the dust from your city that clings to our feet." Since Jesus was sending these people out in groups of two, it would be two people saying this. So languages that have a dual form of 'we' would use it. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) -* **But know this, that the kingdom of God had drawn near** - This phrase introduces a warning. It means "Even though you reject us, it does not change the fact that the kingdom of is here!" -* **the kingdom of God has drawn near** - "the kingdom of God is all around you." -* **I say to you** - Jesus was saying this to the 70 people he was sending out. He said this to show that he was about to say something very important. -* **the judgment day** - The phrase simply says "that day." But the disciples would have understood that this refers to the time of final judgment of sinners. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **it will be more tolerable for Sodom, than for that city** - "Sodom will not be judged as severely as that city will be judged." This means "that city will be judged more severely than Sodom." +This is a symbolic action to show that they reject the people of the city. AT: "Just as you rejected us, we thoroughly reject you. We even reject the dust from your town that clings to our feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# we wipe off + +Since Jesus was sending these people out in groups of two, it would be two people saying this. So languages that have a dual form of "we" would use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# But know this: The kingdom of God has come near + +The phrase "But know this" introduces a warning. It means "Even though you reject us, it does not change the fact that the kingdom of God is near!" + +# The kingdom of God has come near + +The abstract noun "kingdom" can be expressed with the verbs "reign" or "rule." See how you translated a similar sentence in [Luke 10:8](./08.md). AT: "God will soon rule everywhere as king" or "The proof that God is reigning is all around you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I say to you + +Jesus was saying this to the 70 people he was sending out. He said this to show that he was about to say something very important. + +# the judgment day + +The disciples would have understood that this refers to the time of final judgment of sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it will be more tolerable for Sodom than for that town + +"God will not judge Sodom as severely as he will judge that town." AT: "God will judge the people of that town more severely than he will judge the people of Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/13.md b/luk/10/13.md index 5491d4114e..7cceda4ad7 100644 --- a/luk/10/13.md +++ b/luk/10/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Jesus spoke as if the people of the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida were there listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# If the mighty works which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon -* Jesus turns from speaking to the 70 disciples and speaks to the people of three cities. -* **Woe to you Chorazin! Woe to you Bethsaida** - Jesus spoke as if the people of the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida were there listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **if the mighty works which were done in you** - This can be translated with an active verb as it is in the UDB: "If the miracles that I had performed for you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **were done in Tyre and Sidon** - This can be translated with an active verb: "if someone had done them in Tyre and Sidon." -* **they would have repented long ago** - "the wicked people who lived there would have shown that they were sorry for their sins" (UDB) -* **sitting in sackcloth and ashes** - "wearing sackcloth and sitting in ashes" -* **it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon … than for you** - "God will punish you more severely than the people of Tyre and Sidon." The reason for this can be made explicit as in the UDB: "because you did not repent and believe in me even though you saw me do miracles!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in the judgment** - "on that final day when God judges everyone" (UDB) -* **And you, Capernaum** - Jesus now speaks to the people in the city of Capernaum as if they were listening to him, but they were not. -* **do you think you will be exalted to heaven** - This is a rhetorical question in which Jesus rebukes the people of Capernaum for their pride. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) It can be translated with an active verb "will you go up to heaven" or "do you think that God will honor you?" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will be exalted** - To be exalted is an idiom meaning "will be honored." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Jesus is describing a situation that could have happened in the past but did not. AT: "If someone had performed the miracles for the people of Tyre and Sidon that I performed for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they would have repented long ago + +"the wicked people who lived there would have shown that they were sorry for their sins" + +# sitting in sackcloth and ashes + +"wearing sackcloth and sitting in ashes" + +# But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment than for you + +It may be helpful to clearly state the reason for their judgment. AT: "But because you did not repent and believe in me even though you saw me do miracles, God will judge you more severely than he will judge the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# at the judgment + +"on that final day when God judges everyone" + +# You, Capernaum + +Jesus now speaks to the people in the city of Capernaum as if they were listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do you think you will be exalted to heaven? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the people of Capernaum for their pride. AT: "you will certainly not go up to heaven!" or "God will not honor you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# exalted to heaven + +This expression means "greatly exalted." + +# you will be brought down to Hades + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will go down to Hades" or "God will send you to Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/16.md b/luk/10/16.md index 98f761b0ca..cc764d5198 100644 --- a/luk/10/16.md +++ b/luk/10/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who listens to you listens to me -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. AT: "When someone listens to you, it is as if they are listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# the one who rejects you rejects me -* Jesus finishes teaching the 70 people he was sending out. -* **The one who listens to you listens to me** - This can be translated as "When someone listens to you, it is as if they are listening to me." -* **the one who rejects you rejects me** - This can be translated as "When someone rejects you, it is as if they are rejecting me." -* **the one who rejects me rejects the on who sent me** - This can be translated as "When someone rejects me, it is as if they are rejecting the one who sent me." -* **the one who sent me** - This refers to God the Father who appointed Jesus for this special task. It could be translated as "God, who sent me" (UDB). +The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. AT: "when someone rejects you, it is as if they are rejecting me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the one who rejects me rejects the one who sent me + +The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. AT: "when someone rejects me, it is as if they are rejecting the one who sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the one who sent me + +This refers to God the Father who appointed Jesus for this special task. AT: "God, who sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/17.md b/luk/10/17.md index 84c420980c..edd178a21e 100644 --- a/luk/10/17.md +++ b/luk/10/17.md @@ -1,29 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# The seventy returned -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:submit]] +Some languages will need to say that the seventy actually went out first as the UDB does. This is implicit information that can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# seventy -* After some time passes, the seventy disciples return to where Jesus was. -* **The seventy returned** - Some languages will need to say that the seventy actually went out first as the UDB does. This is implicit information that can be made explicit. (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]].) -* **seventy** - You may want to add a footnote: "Some versions have '72' instead of '70.'" -* **in your name** - Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I was watching Satan fall from heaven as lightening** - Jesus used a simile to describe how God was defeating Satan when his 70 disciples were preaching in the towns. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **authority to tread on serpents and scorpions** - "authority to step on snakes and crush scorpions." Possible meanings are 1) this refers to actual snakes and scorpions or 2) snakes and scorpions are a metaphor for evil spirits. The UDB translates this as referring to evil spirits: "I have given you the right to attack evil spirits." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **tread on serpents and scorpions** - This implies that they would do this and not be injured. You can make this explicit: "walk on snakes and scorpions and not be hurt." -* **scorpion** - a small animal with two claws and poisonous stinger on its tail -* **over all the power of the enemy** - "I have given you authority to crush the power of the enemy" or "I have given you authority to defeat the enemy." The enemy is Satan. -* **rejoice in this** - The words "in this" refer to the following phrase "that the spirits submit to you." -* **your names are engraved in heaven** - This can be translated as an active verb "God has written your names in heaven" or "your names are on the list of people who are citizens of heaven." +You may want to add a footnote: "Some versions have '72' instead of '70.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I was watching Satan fall from heaven as lightning + +Jesus used a simile to compare how God was defeating Satan when his 70 disciples were preaching in the towns to the way lightning strikes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# fall from heaven as lightning + +Possible meanings are 1) fell as quickly as lighting strikes, or 2) fell down from heaven as lightning strikes downward. Since both meaning are possible, it may be best to keep the image. + +# authority to tread on serpents, and scorpions + +"authority to step on snakes and crush scorpions." Possible meanings are 1) this refers to actual snakes and scorpions or 2) snakes and scorpions are a metaphor for evil spirits. The UDB translates this as referring to evil spirits: "I have given you the right to attack evil spirits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tread on serpents, and scorpions + +This implies that they would do this and not be injured. AT: "walk on snakes and scorpions and they will not hurt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# scorpions + +Scorpions are small animals with two claws and a poisonous stinger on their tail. + +# over all the power of the enemy + +"I have given you authority to crush the power of the enemy" or "I have given you authority to defeat the enemy." The enemy is Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# do not rejoice only in this, that the spirits submit to you + +"do not rejoice only because the spirits submit to you." This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "Rejoice that your names are written in heaven even more than you rejoice that the spirits submit to you!" + +# your names are engraved in heaven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has written your names in heaven" or "your names are on the list of people who are citizens of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/21.md b/luk/10/21.md index aad3a57c9c..ed727c3dc1 100644 --- a/luk/10/21.md +++ b/luk/10/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Father -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# Lord of heaven and earth -* Jesus begins to speak directly to his Father in the presence of the disciples. -* **Lord of heaven and earth** - "Master over everyone and everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **these things** - This refers to Jesus' previous teaching about the authority of the disciples. It may be best to simply say "these things" and let the reader determine the meaning. -* **the wise and understanding** - "from people who are wise and understanding." This can be translated as "from people who think they are wise and understanding." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **untaught, like little children** - The term in the Greek refers to a very young child. Possible meanings are 1) "untaught" (ULB) or 2) "who accept your truth readily" (UDB). -* **like little children** - This is a simile for people who are not wise and knowledgeable, or people who know that they are not wise and knowledgeable. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **for so it was well-pleasing in your sight** - pleasing in your sight** - "for you saw that it was good to do that" +"heaven" and "earth" represent everything that exists. AT: "Master over everyone and everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# these things + +This refers to Jesus' previous teaching about the authority of the disciples. It may be best to simply say "these things" and let the reader determine the meaning. + +# the wise and understanding + +The words "wise" and "understanding" are nominal adjectives that refer to people with these qualities. Because God had concealed truth from them, these people were not actually wise and understanding, even though they thought they were. AT: "from people who think they are wise and have understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# those who are untaught + +This refers to those who may not have much education, but who are willing to accept Jesus' teachings. AT: "people who may have little eduction, but who listen to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# like little children + +"as little children." People who know that they are not wise and knowledgeable are willing to be taught, as children are willing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# for so it was well pleasing in your sight + +"for it pleases you to do this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/22.md b/luk/10/22.md index 474a7474c3..02d785586c 100644 --- a/luk/10/22.md +++ b/luk/10/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# All things have been entrusted to me from my Father -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My Father has handed everything over to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Father ... Son -* Jesus now speaks to his disciples. You may need to add an introductory comment such as "Jesus also said to his disciples" (UDB). -* **all things have been entrusted to me by my Father** - This can be translated with an active verb: "My Father has handed everything over to me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the Son** - Jesus was referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **knows who the Son is** - The word that is translated as "knows" means to know from personal experience. God the Father knew Jesus to this degree. -* **except the Father** - This means "Only the Father knows who the Son is." -* **knows who the Father is** - The word that is translated as "knows" means to know from personal experience. Jesus knew God his Father in that way -* **except the Son** - This means "Only the Son knows who the Father is." -* **and anyone to whom the Son desires to reveal him** - This can be translated as "people know who the Father is only if the Son wants to reveal the Father to them." +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# knows who the Son is + +The word that is translated as "knows" means to know from personal experience. God the Father knows Jesus in this way. + +# the Son + +Jesus was referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# except the Father + +This means only the Father knows who the Son is. + +# knows who the Father is + +The word that is translated as "knows" means to know from personal experience. Jesus knows God his Father in this way. + +# except the Son + +This means only the Son knows who the Father is. + +# those to whom the Son chooses to reveal him + +"whoever the Son desires to show the Father to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/23.md b/luk/10/23.md index c80430e33d..bc9d356f18 100644 --- a/luk/10/23.md +++ b/luk/10/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he turned around to the disciples and said privately -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +The word "privately" indicates that he was alone with his disciples. AT: "Later, when he was alone with his disciples, he turned to them and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Blessed are those who see the things that you see -* **he said privately** - "to them alone." This was possibly at a later time. The UDB makes this explicit: "Then when his disciples were alone with him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **blessed are those who see the things that you see** - This can be translated as "How good it is for those who see the things that you are seeing." This probably refers to all of the people who were coming to listen to Jesus. -* **the things that you see** - "the things you have seen me do" -* **the things that you hear** - "the things that you have heard me say" +This probably refers to the good works and miracles that Jesus was doing. AT: "How good it is for those who see the things that you see me doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and they did not see them + +This implies that Jesus was not yet doing those things. AT: "but could not see them because I was not doing them yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the things that you hear + +This probably refers to the teaching of Jesus. AT: "the things that you have heard me say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and they did not hear them + +This implies that Jesus was not yet teaching. AT: "but could not hear them because I had not yet started to teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/25.md b/luk/10/25.md index 68ed162298..3a999a79dc 100644 --- a/luk/10/25.md +++ b/luk/10/25.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Jesus replies with a story to a Jewish teacher who wants to test Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold, a certain teacher -* **Behold** - This event happens at a later time. You can make this clear to the reader as in the UDB: "One day as Jesus was teaching people." -* **And behold, a certain teacher** - The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a certain teacher…” -* **tested him** - "challenged Jesus" -* **What is written in the law** - This can be translated with an active verb: "What did Moses write in the law" or "What do the scriptures say?" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **How do you read it?** - "What have you read in it?" or "What do you understand it to say?" -* **You must love...** - The man replied by quoting portions of Deuteronomy [[:en:bible:notes:deu:06:04]] and Leviticus [[:en:bible:notes:lev:19:17]]. -* **your heart...your soul...your strength...your mind** - These all mean that a person must completely love God with all of their being. -* **your neighbor** - This refers to a member of your community. It can be translated as your "your fellow-citizen" or "the people of your community." +This alerts us to a new event and a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# test him + +"challeng Jesus" + +# What is written in the law? How do you read it? + +Jesus is not seeking information. He uses these questions to test the Jewish teacher's knowledge. AT: "Tell me what Moses wrote in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What is written in the law? + +This can be asked in active form. AT: "What did Moses write in the law?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# How do you read it? + +"What have you read in it?" or "What do you understand it to say?" + +# You will love ... neighbor as yourself + +The man is quoting what Moses wrote in the law. + +# with all your heart, with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../../deu/04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with all your mind + +The mind is what people use to think. + +# your neighbor as yourself + +This simile can be stated more clearly. AT: "love your neighbor as much as you love yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/29.md b/luk/10/29.md index a00fce8c13..774e6dd999 100644 --- a/luk/10/29.md +++ b/luk/10/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# But the teacher, desiring to justify himself, said -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +"But the teacher wanted to find a way to justify himself, so he said" or "But wanting to appear righteous, the teacher said" -## translationNotes +# Jesus answered him and said -* **But the teacher, desiring to justify himself, said** - This can be translated as "But he wanted to find a way to justify himself, so he said" or "But wanting to appear righteous, he said." -* **Answering, Jesus said** - This can be translated as "In response, Jesus told him this story." -* **he fell among robbers** - "was surrounded by robbers." This can be translated with an active verb: "some robbers attacked him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **stripped him of his belongings** - "took everything he had" or "stole all his things" +Jesus answers the man by telling a parable. AT: "In response, Jesus told him this story" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Who is my neighbor? + +The man wanted to know whom he was required to love. AT: "Who should I consider to be my neighbor and love as I love myself?" or "Which people are my neighbors that I should love?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# A certain man + +This introduces a new character in the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# He fell among robbers + +"He was surrounded by robbers" or "Some robbers attacked him" + +# stripped him of his belongings + +"took everything he had" or "stole all his things" + +# half dead + +This idiom means "almost dead." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/31.md b/luk/10/31.md index c860673500..a1396c97ab 100644 --- a/luk/10/31.md +++ b/luk/10/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# By chance -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This was not something that any person had planned. -## translationNotes +# a certain priest -* Jesus continues telling his story to the man who asked "Who is my neighbor?" -* **By chance** - This was not something that any person had planned. -* **a certain priest** - This expression introduced a me person in the story, but does not identify him by name. -* **and when he saw him** - "and when the priest saw the injured man." A priest is a very religious person, so the audience would assume that he would help the injured man. Since he did not, this phrase could be translated as "but when he saw him" to call attention to this unexpected result. -* **he passed by on the other side** - "he walked past the man on the other side of the road" -* **he passed by** - It is implied that he did not help the man. The could be made explicit: "he passed by without helping the injured man." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This expression introduces a new person in the story, but does not identify him by name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# when he saw him + +"when the priest saw the injured man." A priest is a very religious person, so the audience would assume that he would help the injured man. Since he did not, this phrase could be stated as "but when he saw him" to call attention to this unexpected result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he passed by on the other side + +It is implied that he did not help the man. AT: "he did not help the injured man but instead walked past him on the other side of the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# passed by on the other side + +The Levites served in the temple. He would be expected to help his fellow Jewish man. Since he did not, it may are helpful to state that. AT: "he also did not help, but instead passed by on the other side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/33.md b/luk/10/33.md index 5d630ebd21..4478b6f635 100644 --- a/luk/10/33.md +++ b/luk/10/33.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# But a certain Samaritan -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This introduces a new person in the story without giving his name. We know only that he was from Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# a certain Samaritan -* Jesus continues telling his story to the man who asked "Who is my neighbor?" -* **But a certain Samaritan** - This introduces a new person in the story without giving his name. We know only that he was a Samaritan. The Jews despised the Samaritans and would have assumed that he would not help the injured Jewish man. -* **when he saw him** - "when the Samaritan saw the injured man" -* **he was moved with compassion** - "he felt sorry for him" -* **bound up his wounds, pouring oil and wine on them** - Since he would have put the oil and wine on the wounds first, it can be translated as "he put wine and oil on the wounds and wrapped them with cloth." Wine was used to clean the wound, and oil was probably used to prevent infection. -* **his own animal** - "his own pack animal." This was an animal that he used to carry heavy loads. It was probably a donkey. -* **two denarii** - "two day's wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **the host** - "the innkeeper" or "the person who took care of the inn" +The Jews despised the Samaritans and would have assumed that he would not help the injured Jewish man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When he saw him + +"When the Samaritan saw the injured man" + +# he was moved with compassion + +"he felt sorry for him" + +# bound up his wounds, pouring oil and wine on them + +He would have put the oil and wine on the wounds first. AT: "he put wine and oil on the wounds and wrapped them with cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# pouring oil and wine on them + +Wine was used to clean the wound, and oil was probably used to prevent infection. This can be stated. AT: "pouring oil and wine on them to help heal them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his own animal + +"his own pack animal." This was an animal that he used to carry heavy loads. It was probably a donkey. + +# two denarii + +"two day's wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# the host + +"the innkeeper" or "the person who took care of the inn" + +# whatever extra you spend, when I return, I will repay you + +This could be reordered. AT: "when I return, I will repay you whatever extra amount you spend" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/36.md b/luk/10/36.md index d221f87b0d..2c0d2e5f20 100644 --- a/luk/10/36.md +++ b/luk/10/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Which of these three, do you think ... robbers? -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +This could be written as two questions. AT: "What do you think? Which of these three men was a neighbor ... robbers?" -## translationNotes +# was a neighbor -* Jesus continues speaking to the man who asked "Who is my neighbor?" -* **Which of these three, do you think** - This can be translated as "What do you think? Which of these three men." -* **was a neighbor** - "showed himself to be a true neighbor" (UDB) -* **to him who fell among the robbers** - "to the man who was attacked by robbers" +"showed himself to be a true neighbor" + +# to him who fell among the robbers + +"to the man whom the robbers attacked" + +# Go and do the same + +It might be helpful to give more information. AT: "In the same way, you should also go and help everyone you can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/38.md b/luk/10/38.md index 3ea467a80a..d17a54e654 100644 --- a/luk/10/38.md +++ b/luk/10/38.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Marysisterofmartha)]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:martha]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus comes to Martha's house where her sister Mary listens to Jesus with great attention. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now as they were traveling along** - "Now as Jesus and his disciples were traveling along." Since this is a new part of the story, it may be more natural in some languages to say who "they" were. You language may have a way of indicating that this is a new part of the story. -* **a certain village** - This introduces the village as a new location, but does not name it. -* **a certain woman named Martha** - This introduces Martha as a new character. Your language may have a way of introducing new people. -* **sat at the Lord's feet** - This can be translated as "sat on the floor and listened to the Lord teach." This was the normal respectful position for a learner in that day. +This word is used here to mark a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# as they were traveling along + +"as Jesus and his disciples were traveling along" + +# a certain village + +This introduces the village as a new location, but does not name it. + +# a certain woman named Martha + +This introduces Martha as a new character. Your language may have a way of introducing new people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# sat at the Lord's feet + +This was the normal and respectful position for a learner at that time. AT: "sat on the floor near Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# heard his word + +This refers to everything that Jesus taught while at Martha's house. AT: "listened to the Lord teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/40.md b/luk/10/40.md index 6d36f5c7bd..77f8818481 100644 --- a/luk/10/40.md +++ b/luk/10/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# overly busy -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"very busy" or "too busy" -## translationNotes +# do you not care ... alone? -* **do you not care** - Martha was complaining that the Lord was allowing Mary to sit listening to him when there was so much work to do. She respected the Lord, so she used a rhetorical question to soften her complaint. It can be translated as "It seems like you do not care." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **which will not be taken away from her** - Possible meanings are 1) "I will not take this opportunity away from her" or 2) "She will not lose what she has gained as she listening to me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Martha was complaining that the Lord was allowing Mary to sit listening to him when there was so much work to do. She respected the Lord, so she used a rhetorical question to make her complaint more polite. AT: "it seems like you do not care ... alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Martha, Martha + +Jesus repeats Martha's name for emphasis. AT: "Dear Martha" or "You, Martha" + +# only one thing is necessary + +Jesus is contrasting what Mary is doing with what Martha is doing. It may be helpful to make this explicit. AT: "the only thing that is really necessary is to listen to my teaching" or "listening to my teaching is more necessary than preparing a meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# which will not be taken away from her + +Possible meanings are 1) "I will not take this opportunity away from her" or 2) "she will not lose what she has gained as she was listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/intro.md b/luk/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dfe7aac177 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Luke 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Harvest ##### +Harvest is a common image used in the New Testament. Having people come to faith in Jesus is referred to as a harvest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### "Was a neighbor" ##### +The concept of "being a neighbor" was important in the culture of the ancient Near East, which greatly valued hospitality. In this chapter, "neighbor" is used in reference to someone who lives nearby or possibly another person in general. "Was a neighbor" is also used to mean "was being a good neighbor." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/01.md b/luk/11/01.md index e07ac42e06..3a624af7aa 100644 --- a/luk/11/01.md +++ b/luk/11/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:disciple|disciple]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist|John (the Baptist)]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] -* [[en:tw:teach|teach, teaching, teacher]] +The is the beginning of the next part of the story. Jesus teaches his disciples to pray. -## translationNotes +# It happened -* **It happened** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **when he finished praying** - In some languages it is more natural to use Jesus' name rather than the pronoun "he." It may also be more natural to state that Jesus was praying before saying "when he finished praying." (See UDB) +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# when Jesus was praying ... one of + +It may be more natural to state that Jesus finished praying before the disciple asked the question. AT: "that Jesus was praying in a certain place. When he finished praying, one of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/02.md b/luk/11/02.md index 22e674d888..3671c9e2fb 100644 --- a/luk/11/02.md +++ b/luk/11/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus said to them -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] +"Jesus said to his disciples" -## translationNotes +# Father -* **Jesus said to them** - "Jesus said to his disciples" -* **sanctify your name** - AT: "may all people honor you" or "cause everyone to honor your name." It means "we want everyone to honor you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Let your kingdom come** - "Establish your kingdom." It means "We want you to rule over your people." +Jesus is commanding the disciples to honor the name of God the Father by addressing him as "Father" when praying to him. This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# may your name be sanctified + +"cause everyone to honor your name." "Name" often refers to the entire person. AT: "may all people honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May your kingdom come + +The action of God ruling over everyone is spoken of as if it were God himself. AT: "May you come and rule over everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/03.md b/luk/11/03.md index 5a6a3db483..8e25d58484 100644 --- a/luk/11/03.md +++ b/luk/11/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] +Jesus continues to teach his disciples how to pray. -## translationNotes +# Give us ... Forgive us ... Do not lead us -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples how to pray -* **our daily bread** - This can be translated as "the food we need each day." Bread was in inexpensive food that people ate everyday. It is used here to refer to food in general. -* **forgive us our sins** - "Forgive us for sinning against you" or "Forgive our sins" -* **for we ourselves forgive** - "since we also forgive" -* **who is in debt to us** - "who have sinned against us" or "who have done wrong things to us" -* **Do not lead us into temptation** - This is a figure of speech that means "Lead us away from temptation." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +These are imperatives, but they should be translated as requests, rather than as commands. It may be helpful to add something such as "please" to them to make this clear. AT: "Please give us ... Please forgive us ... Please do not lead us" + +# our daily bread + +Bread was an inexpensive food that people ate everyday. It is used here to refer to food in general. AT: "the food we need each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Forgive us our sins + +"Forgive us for sinning against you" or "Forgive our sins" + +# as we forgive + +"since we also forgive" + +# who is in debt to us + +"who has sinned against us" or "who has done wrong things to us" + +# Do not lead us into temptation + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Lead us away from temptation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/05.md b/luk/11/05.md index 88d65177cd..ad9112049c 100644 --- a/luk/11/05.md +++ b/luk/11/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] +Jesus continues to teach his disciples about prayer. -## translationNotes +# Which of you will have ... to set before him'? -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples about prayer. -* **Which of you will have** - This can be translated as "Suppose one of you has" or "Suppose you have." Jesus used rhetorical questions to get people to consider what might happen if they were in a certain situation. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **lend to me three loaves of bread** - "let me borrow three loaves of bread" or "give me three loaves of bread and I will pay you later." The host does not have any food ready to give to his guest. -* **three loaves of bread** - If your people would wonder why someone would ask for bread, you could use a generic term like "cooked food" or "prepared food." -* **just came in from the road** - This can be translated as "was traveling and just came to my house." -* **anything to set before him** - "any food ready to give him" -* **I am not able to get up** - "It is not convenient for me to get up" -* **I say to you** - Jesus was speaking to the disciples, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **give bread to you because you are his friend** - Jesus addresses the disciples as if they were the ones asking for bread. If this would confuse you audience, this could be translated as "give bread to him because he is his friend." -* **shameless persistence** - This refers to the fact that the person asking for bread ignores the fact that is is inconvenient for his friend to get up in the middle of the night to get the bread for him. +Jesus used a question to teach the disciples. AT: "Suppose one of you has ... to set before him'." or "Suppose you have ... to set before him'." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# lend to me three loaves of bread + +"let me borrow three loaves of bread" or "give me three loaves of bread and I will pay you later." The host does not have any food ready to give to his guest. + +# three loaves of bread + +Bread is often used to represent food in general. AT: "enough cooked food for a meal" or "enough prepared food for a person to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# just came in from the road + +It is implied that the visitor has come far from his home. AT: "was traveling and just came to my house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# anything to set before him + +"any food ready to give him" + +# I am not able to get up + +"It is not convenient for me to get up" + +# I say to you + +Jesus was speaking to the disciples. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# give bread to you because you are his friend + +Jesus addresses the disciples as if they were the ones asking for bread. AT: "give bread to him because he is his friend" + +# because of your shameless persistence + +The abstract noun "persistence" can be translated as "persist" or "continue to ask." AT: "because you persist shamelessly" or "because you boldly continue to ask him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/09.md b/luk/11/09.md index 58c2854b4b..3c62b160c9 100644 --- a/luk/11/09.md +++ b/luk/11/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# ask ... seek ... knock -* [[en:tw:seek]] +Jesus gave these commands to encourage his disciples to pray continually. Some languages may also require more information with these verbs. Use the form of "you" that would be most appropriate in this context. AT: "keep asking for what you need ... keep seeking what you need from God ... keep knocking on the door" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# it will be given to you -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples about prayer. -* **ask … seek … knock** - Jesus gave these commands to encourage his disciples to pray continually. Use the form of "you" that would be most appropriate in this context. These commands can be translated as "keep asking … keep seeking … keep knocking". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **ask** - Some languages may require more information with this verb. It can be translated as "Ask God for what you need." "Seek what you need from God" and "Knock on the door." -* **it will be given to you** - This can be translated with an active verb: "God will give it to you" or "you will receive it." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **knock** - To knock at a door is to hit it a few times to let a person inside the house know you are standing outside. It can also be translated using the way people in your culture show that they have arrived, such as "call out" or "cough" or "clap." -* **it will be opened to you** - This can be translated with an active verb: "God will open the door for you" or "God will welcome you inside." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will give it to you" or "you will receive it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# knock + +To knock at a door is to hit it a few times to let a person inside the house know you are standing outside. It can also be translated using the way people in your culture show that they have arrived, such as "call out" or "cough" or "clap." Here, it means a person should keep praying to God until he answers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be opened to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will open the door for you" or "God will welcome you inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/11.md b/luk/11/11.md index 1b5b3ddb9d..e6093c6fba 100644 --- a/luk/11/11.md +++ b/luk/11/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] +Jesus finishes teaching his disciples about prayer. -## translationNotes +# Which father among you ... a fish? -* Jesus continues teaching his disciples about prayer. -* Jesus asks three rhetorical questions with the same meaning: just as fathers give good gifts to their children who ask for things, God gives good gifts to us when we ask him. (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **And which of you … will give him a stone instead** - This can be translated as "If your son were to ask you for a loaf, would you give him a stone instead?" or "If your son were to ask you for a loaf to eat, you certainly would not give him a stone instead!" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **loaf** - "loaf of bread" or "bread roll." If your people do not normally eat bread, you could translate this as "piece of cooked food" or "vegetable." Jesus was suggesting a possible situation; he was not talking about bread in particular. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **or instead of a fish, a snake?** - "Or if he were to ask for a fish, would you give him a snake instead?" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **scorpion** - A scorpion is similar to a spider, but it has a tail with a poisonous sting. If scorpions are not known where you are, you could translate this as "poisonous spider" or "spider that stings." -* **if you who are evil know** - "since you who are evil know" or "even though you are sinful, you know." -* **how much more will your Father from heaven give the Holy Spirit** - "how much more certain is it that your Father in heaven will give the Holy Spirit." This rhetorical question can also be translated as "you can be sure that your Father from heaven will give the Holy Spirit." +Jesus uses questions to teach his disciples. It could also be written as a statement. AT: "None of you fathers ... a fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Or if he asks ... scorpion to him? + +Jesus uses questions to teach his disciples. It could also be written as a statement. AT: "And you would never give him a scorpion if he asks for an egg" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# scorpion + +A scorpion is similar to a spider, but it has a tail with a poisonous sting. If scorpions are not known where you are, you could translate this as "poisonous spider" or "spider that stings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# if you who are evil know + +"since you who are evil know" or "even though you are sinful, you know" + +# how much more will your Father from heaven give the Holy Spirit ... him? + +"how much more certain is it that your Father in heaven will give the Holy Spirit ... him?" Jesus again uses a question to teach his disciples. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "you can be sure that your Father from heaven will give the Holy Spirit ... him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/14.md b/luk/11/14.md index f4a9525a36..26fa9fa993 100644 --- a/luk/11/14.md +++ b/luk/11/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:beelzebul]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus is questioned after he drives a demon out of a mute man. -## translationNotes +# Jesus was driving out a demon -* **And he was driving out a demon** - "And Jesus was driving a demon out of a person" or "And he was making a demon leave a person." -* **it was mute** - It is unlikely that the demon could not speak. The readers would have probably understood that this demon had power to prevent people from speaking. You could make this implied information clear: "the demon caused the man to be unable to speak." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **It happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. When the demon comes out of the man, some of the people criticize Jesus, and that leads to Jesus teaching about evil spirits. -* **when the demon had come out** - "when the demon came out of the man" or "when the demon left the man" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the mute man spoke** - "the man who had been unable to speak spoke" -* **by Beelzebul ... he drives out demons** - "he drives out demons by the power of Beelzebul, the ruler of demons" +It may be helpful to add extra information. AT: "Jesus was driving a demon out of a person" or "Jesus was making a demon leave a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# demon that was mute + +The demon has power to prevent people from speaking. AT: "the demon caused the man to be unable to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. When the demon comes out of the man, some of the people criticize Jesus, and that leads to Jesus teaching about evil spirits. + +# When the demon had gone out + +It may be helpful to add extra information. AT: "when the demon had gone out of the man" or "when the demon left the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the man who had been mute spoke + +"the man who had been unable to speak now spoke" + +# By Beelzebul, the ruler of demons, he is driving out demons + +"He is driving out demons by the power of Beelzebul, the ruler of demons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/16.md b/luk/11/16.md index e99b8b2d5c..9c45a594d0 100644 --- a/luk/11/16.md +++ b/luk/11/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +Jesus begins to respond to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# Others tested him -* **Others tested him** - "Other people tested Jesus." They wanted him to prove that his authority was from God. -* **and sought from him a sign from heaven** - "and asked him to give a sign from heaven" or "by demanding that he give a sign from heaven." This was how they they wanted him to prove that his authority was from God. -* **Every kingdom divided against itself** - This could be translated as "When the people in a kingdom fight among themselves." -* **is made desolate** - "it will be destroyed" -* **a house divided against itself falls** - "a family whose members fight each other will be ruined" or "a family whose members fight each other will be stop being a family." The word "house" is used to refer to a family or to the people living in a house. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **falls** - "crashed down and is destroyed." This image of the house collapsing refers to the destruction of a family when the members fight each other. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Other people tested Jesus." They wanted him to prove that his authority was from God. + +# and sought from him a sign from heaven + +"and asked him to give a sign from heaven" or "by demanding that he give a sign from heaven." This was how they wanted him to prove that his authority was from God. + +# Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate + +"kingdom" here refers to the people in it. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "If people of a kingdom fight among themselves, they will destroy their kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a house divided against itself falls + +Here "house" refers to a family. AT: "if family members fight each other, they will ruin their family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# falls + +"crashes down and is destroyed." This image of the house collapsing refers to the destruction of a family when the members fight each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/18.md b/luk/11/18.md index 6a46974244..1d7d99d580 100644 --- a/luk/11/18.md +++ b/luk/11/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# If Satan is divided against himself -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +"Satan" here is referring to the demons who follow Satan as well as to Satan himself. AT: "If Satan and members of his kingdom are fighting among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# If Satan ... how will his kingdom stand? -* Jesus continues to speak to the crowd about demons. -* **If Satan is divided against himself** - "If Satan and members of his kingdom are fighting among themselves." -* **how will his kingdom stand** - This is a rhetorical question. It could be translated as a statement: "Satan's kingdom cannot stand," or "Satan's kingdom will fall apart." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For you say I cast out demons by Beelzebul** - "For you say that it is by the power of Beelzebul that I make demons leave people." The next part of his argument can be stated explicitly: "that would mean that Satan is divided against himself." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **by whom do your followers drive them out** - "by whose power do you followers force demons to leave people." This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as "then we must agree that your followers also drive out demons by Beelzebub's power." The implied evaluation of that statement can be made explicit: "But we know that that is not true." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **They will be your judges** - "Your followers who cast out demons by God's power will judge you for saying that I cast out demons by Beelzebub's power." -* **by the finger of God** - The "finger of God" refers to God's power. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **then the kingdom of God has come to you** - "this shows that God's kingdom has come to you" +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If Satan ... his kingdom will not last." or "If Satan ... his kingdom will fall apart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For you say I cast out demons by Beelzebul + +"For you say that it is by the power of Beelzebul that I make demons leave people." The next part of his argument can be stated explicitly: "That would mean that Satan is divided against himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If I ... by whom do your followers drive them out? + +"If I ... by whose power do your followers force demons to leave people?" Jesus uses a question to teach the people. The meaning of Jesus' question can be made explicit. AT: "If I ... then we must agree that your followers also drive out demons by Beelzebul's power. But you do not believe that it is true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they will be your judges + +"your followers who cast out demons by God's power will judge you for saying that I cast out demons by Beelzebul's power" + +# by the finger of God + +The "finger of God" refers to God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then the kingdom of God has come to you + +"this shows that God's kingdom has come to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/21.md b/luk/11/21.md index 6fa23128d3..a2fe76e262 100644 --- a/luk/11/21.md +++ b/luk/11/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When a strong man ... man's possessions -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +This speaks about Jesus defeating Satan and his demons as if Jesus was a stronger man who takes what belongs to a strong man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# takes away the armor from the man -* Jesus continues to speak to the crowd about demons. -* **When a strong man...** - This story is a metaphor. The image of a strong man being attacked from outside is the same as Jesus is attacking Satan's kingdom from outside by casting out the demons. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **his goods are safe** - "no one can steal his things" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **plunders the man's possessions** - This can be translated as "steals his possessions" or "takes away anything that he wants." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who is not with me** - "who does not support me" or "who does not work with me" -* **is against me** - "works against me." This refers to those who said Jesus was working together with Satan. +"removes the man's weapons and protection" + +# his goods are safe + +"no one can steal his things" + +# plunders the man's possessions + +"steals his possessions" or "takes away anything that he wants" + +# one who is not with me + +"people who do not support me" or "people who do not work with me" + +# is against me + +"works against me." This refers to those who said Jesus was working together with Satan. + +# the one who does not gather with me scatters + +Jesus is referring to gathering disciples who follow him. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "anyone who does not cause people to come and follow me causes them to go away from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/24.md b/luk/11/24.md index f380e3c0ef..bd764da81f 100644 --- a/luk/11/24.md +++ b/luk/11/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# waterless places -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This refers to "desolate places" where the evil spirits wander. -## translationNotes +# Finding none -* Jesus continues to speak to the crowd about demons. -* **waterless places** - This refers to "desolate places" (UDB) where the evil spirits wander. -* **And finding none** - "If the spirit does not find any rest there" -* **my house from which I came** - This is a metaphor referring to the person he used to lived in. It can be translated as "the person in whom I used to live!" (UDB) The UDB goes on to translate it as a simile in verse 26. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **finds that house swept out and put in order** - This can be translated with an active verb: "finds that someone has swept the house clean and put everything where it belongs." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **swept out** - "empty." This metaphor refers to the condition of the person who did not fill their life with God's Spirit after the demon left. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"If the spirit does not find any rest there" + +# my house from which I came + +This refers to the person in which he used to live. AT: "the person in whom I used to live!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# finds that house swept out and put in order + +This metaphor speaks about the person as if they were a house that is swept clean and things put in their place. It is implied that the house is still empty. This can be stated in active form with that information made explicit. AT: "finds that the person is like a house that someone has swept clean and put everything where it belongs, but left it empty." or "finds that the person is like a house that is clean and organized, but empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# worse than the first + +The word "first" refers to the condition of the man while he had the unclean spirit before it left him. AT: "worse than his condition was before the spirit left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/27.md b/luk/11/27.md index 1729099f73..b418b517fe 100644 --- a/luk/11/27.md +++ b/luk/11/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is a break in Jesus' teachings. A woman speaks a blessing and Jesus responds. -## translationNotes +# It happened that -* **It happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **raised her voice above the crowd** - "spoke loudly above the noise of the crowd" -* **Blessed is the womb that bore you and the breasts that nursed you** - AT: "How good it is for the woman who bore you and nursed you at her breasts" or "How happy the woman who bore you and nursed you at her breasts must be." The parts of a woman's body are used to refer to the whole woman. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). -* **blessed** - This can be translated here as "how happy" or "blessed by God" (UDB). +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# raised her voice above the crowd + +This idiom means "spoke loudly above the noise of the crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Blessed is the womb that bore you and the breasts that nursed you + +The parts of a woman's body are used to refer to the whole woman. AT: "How good it is for the woman who bore you and nursed you at her breasts" or "How happy the woman who bore you and nursed you at her breasts must be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). + +# Rather, blessed are they + +"It is even better for those" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/29.md b/luk/11/29.md index d4166a20bb..47ea636da4 100644 --- a/luk/11/29.md +++ b/luk/11/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:jonah]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus continues teaching the crowd. -## translationNotes +# As the crowds were increasing -* **This generation** - "The people living at this time" (UDB) -* **It seeks a sign** - "They want me to give them a sign" or "Many of you want me to give you a sign." The information about what kind of sign they wanted can be made explicit as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **no sign will be given to it** - "God will not give them a sign" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the sign of Jonah** - This could be translated as "what happened to Jonah" or "the miracle that God did for Jonah" (UDB). -* **For just as Jonah became a sign...so too** - This means that Jesus will serve as a sign from God for the the Jews of that day in exactly the same way as Jonah served as a sign from God to the people of Nineveh. -* **Son of Man** - Jesus is referring to himself. +"as more people were joining the crowd" or "as the crowd was growing larger" + +# This generation is an evil generation + +Here "generation" refers to the people in it. AT: "The people living at this time are evil people" + +# It seeks a sign + +"They want me to give them a sign" or "Many of you want me to give you a sign." The information about what kind of sign they wanted can be made explicit. AT: "Many of you want me to perform a miracle as proof that I have come from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no sign will be given to it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not give them a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sign of Jonah + +"what happened to Jonah" or "the miracle that God did for Jonah" + +# For just as Jonah became a sign ... so too ... this generation + +This means that Jesus will serve as a sign from God for the Jews of that day in exactly the same way as Jonah served as a sign from God to the people of Nineveh. + +# Son of Man + +Jesus is referring to himself. + +# this generation + +"the people living today" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/31.md b/luk/11/31.md index 2bb20c478c..ecd7f5be36 100644 --- a/luk/11/31.md +++ b/luk/11/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Queen of the South -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:judgmentday]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This refers to the Queen of Sheba. Sheba was a kingdom south of Israel. -## translationNotes +# will rise up at the judgment with the men of this generation -* **Queen of the South** - This refers to the Queen of Sheba. Sheba was a kingdom south of Israel. -* **will rise up in the judgment with** - "will also stand up and judge" -* **she came from the ends of the earth** - "she came a very great distance." "From the ends of the earth" is an idiom that means "from a place very far away." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **someone greater than Solomon is here** - The rebuke that Jesus wanted them to understand was "but you have not listened to me." +"will also stand up and judge the people of this time" + +# she came from the ends of the earth + +This idiom means that she came from very far away. AT: "she came a very great distance" or "she came from a place very far away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# someone greater than Solomon is here + +It may be helpful to explicitly state that they have not listened to Jesus. AT: "I am greater than Solomon, but you have not listened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# someone greater than Solomon + +Jesus is speaking about himself. AT: "I am greater than Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/32.md b/luk/11/32.md index e8a0eddf7c..576ad676c4 100644 --- a/luk/11/32.md +++ b/luk/11/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The men of Nineveh -* [[en:tw:Jonah]] -* [[en:tw:Nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:judgmentday]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +It may be helpful to state explicitly that this refers to the ancient city of Nineveh. AT: "The men who lived in the ancient city of Nineveh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# The men -* **for they repented** - The men of Nineveh repented. -* **someone greater** - When Jesus said this, he was talking about himself. -* **someone greater than Jonah is here** - The rebuke Jesus wanted them to understand was “but you have not repented.” +This includes both men and woman. AT: "The people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# this generation of people + +"the people of this time" + +# for they repented + +"for the people of Nineveh repented" + +# someone greater than Jonah is here + +It may be helpful to explicitly state that they have not listened to Jesus. AT: "I am greater than Jonah but you have not repented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# someone greater than Jonah + +Jesus is speaking about himself. AT: "I am greater than Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/33.md b/luk/11/33.md index f3815fd3f2..50db924bfe 100644 --- a/luk/11/33.md +++ b/luk/11/33.md @@ -1,17 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +Jesus finishes teaching the crowd. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach the crowds. Jesus did not intend for everyone in the crowd to understand this teaching. Therefore, it might be best to simply translate the images, rather than explaining them. -* **puts it in a dark closet** - "hides it in a closet" -* **on a lamp stand** - "on a table" or "they put it on a shelf" -* **Your eye is the lamp of the body** - This has several figures of speech. The eye is a metonym for vision, which is a metaphor for understanding. The body is a synecdoche for a person's life. It can be translated as "Your eye is the lamp of your life" or "Your vision is the lamp of your life." Since Jesus was saying something that is true of everyone, it can be translated as "The eye is the lamp of a person's body." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **When your eye is good** - "When your vision is good" or "when you see well" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the whole body is filled with light** - Light is a metaphor for truth. This metaphor means "your whole life is filled with the light of truth" or "his whole life is filled with truth."(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **When your eye is bad, your body is full of darkness.** - Darkness is a metaphor for falsehood. This metaphor means "When your vision is bad, your whole life is full of falsehood." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Verse 33-36 are a metaphor where Jesus speaks of his teaching as "light" which should be shared with everyone and acted upon. He speaks of people who do not accept his teaching as being in "darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# puts it in a hidden place or under a basket + +"hides it or puts in under a basket" + +# but on a lampstand + +The understood subject and verb in this clause may be supplied. AT: "but they place it on a lampstand" or "but they put it on a table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Your eye is the lamp of the body + +In this part of the metaphor, the things they saw Jesus do provided understanding just as an eye provides light for the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your eye + +The eye is a metonym for vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the body + +The body is a synecdoche for a person's life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# When your eye is good + +"eye" here is a metonym for vision. AT: "When your vision is good" or "when you see well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the whole body is filled with light + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the light will fill your whole body" or "you will be able to see everything clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when your eye is bad + +Here "eye" is a metonym for vision. AT: "When your vision is bad" or "when you see poorly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your body is full of darkness + +"you will not be able to see anything" + +# be careful that the light in you is not darkness + +"make sure that what you think is light is not actually darkness" or "make sure you know what is light, and know what is darkness" + +# then your whole body will be like when a lamp shines its brightness on you + +Jesus states the same truth as a simile. He speaks of people who are full of truth as if they are a lamp that shines brightly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/37.md b/luk/11/37.md index c8fdd32a54..52a07ced7f 100644 --- a/luk/11/37.md +++ b/luk/11/37.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +This is the beginning of the next part of the story. Jesus is invited to eat at a Pharisee's house. -## translationNotes +# at his house -* **reclined** - “sat down at the table.” It was the custom for a relaxed meal such as this dinner for men to eat while laying down comfortably around the table. -* **wash** - "wash his hands" or "wash his hands in order to be ritually clean." The Pharisees had a rule that people must wash their hands in order to be ceremonially clean before God. +This refers to the Pharisee's house. + +# reclined + +"sat down at the table." It was the custom for a relaxed meal such as this dinner for men to eat while lying down comfortably around the table. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# wash + +The Pharisees had a rule that people must wash their hands in order to be ceremonially clean before God. AT: "wash his hands" or "wash his hands in order to be ritually clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/39.md b/luk/11/39.md index 43aff1d7b7..a47e314e01 100644 --- a/luk/11/39.md +++ b/luk/11/39.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +Jesus begins to speak to the Pharisee using a metaphor. He compares the way they clean cups and bowls to how they clean themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the outside of cups and bowls -* **the outside of cups and bowls** - Washing of the outside of containers was a part of the ritual practices of the Pharisees. -* **but the inside of you is filled with greed and wickedness** - This is a metaphor that compares the way they ignore the inside of the container to how they ignore their own internal condition. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Did not the one who made the outside also make the inside?** - This is a rhetorical question. Jesus was rebuking the Pharisees for not understanding that what is in their hearts matters to God. It can be translated as a statement as it is in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **give to the poor what is inside** - "Give what is inside to poor people." The meaning is "focus on using the inside for God instead of only cleaning the outside." +Washing of the outside of containers was a part of the ritual practices of the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but the inside of you is filled with greed and evil + +This part of the metaphor contrasts the careful way they clean the outside of the dishes with the way they ignore their own internal condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You senseless men + +This expression can refer to men or women, even though all of the Pharisees to whom Jesus was speaking to here were men. + +# Did not the one who made the outside also make the inside? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the Pharisees for not understanding that what is in their hearts matters to God. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "The one who made the outside also made the inside!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Give to the poor what is inside + +This refers to what they should be doing with their cups and bowls. AT: "Give to the poor what is inside your cups and bowls" or "Be generous to the poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all things will be clean for you + +"you will be completely clean" or "you will be clean both inside and outside" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/42.md b/luk/11/42.md index b55fdd5a32..82afdc8edf 100644 --- a/luk/11/42.md +++ b/luk/11/42.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# you tithe the mint and rue and every other garden herb -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +"you give God one tenth of your mint and rue and other herbs from your garden." Jesus was giving an example of how extreme the Pharisees were in giving a tenth of their income. -## translationNotes +# mint and rue -* Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. -* **you tithe the mint and rue and every other garden herb** - "you give God one tenth of your mint and rue and other herbs from your garden." Jesus was giving an example of how extreme the Pharisees were in giving a tenth of their income. -* **mint and rue** - These are herbs. People put just a little bit of these leaves into their other food to give it flavor. If people do not know what mint and rue are, you can use the name of herbs they know or a general expression such as "herbs." -* **every other garden herb** - Possible meanings are 1) "every other vegetable" 2) "every other garden herb" or 3) "every other garden plant." -* **without failing to do the other things also** - This could be translated as a positive statement: "and to always do the other good things as well." +These are herbs. People put just a little bit of these leaves into their food to give it flavor. If people do not know what mint and rue are, you can use the name of herbs they know or a general expression such as "herbs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# every other garden herb + +Possible meanings are 1) "every other vegetable" 2) "every other garden herb" or 3) "every other garden plant." + +# the love of God + +"to love God" or "love for God." God is the one who is loved. + +# without failing to do the other things also + +"without failing" emphasizes that this should always be done. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "and to always do the other good things as well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/43.md b/luk/11/43.md index 35c53790f0..a36412da9e 100644 --- a/luk/11/43.md +++ b/luk/11/43.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Jesus finishes speaking to the Pharisee. -## translationNotes +# the front seats -* Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. -* **the front seats** - "the best seats" -* **you are like unmarked graves that people walk over without knowing it** - This is a simile. The Pharisees were like unmarked graves because they looked ceremonially clean, but they caused people around them to become unclean. This point of similarity is somewhat more clear in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **unmarked graves** - These graves were holes dug in the ground where a dead body was buried. They did not have the white stones that people normally place over graves so that others would see them. When people walked over a grave, they would become ceremonially unclean. +"the best seats" + +# respectful greetings + +"you like people to greet you with special honor" + +# you are like unmarked graves that people walk over without knowing it + +The Pharisees were like unmarked graves because they looked ceremonially clean, but they caused people around them to become unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# unmarked graves + +These graves were holes dug in the ground where a dead body was buried. They did not have the white stones that people normally place over graves so that others would see them. + +# without knowing it + +When the Jews walked over a grave, they would become ceremonially unclean. These unmarked graves caused them to accidentally do that. This can be stated clearly. AT: "without realizing it and become ceremonially unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/45.md b/luk/11/45.md index a6e6cb7f70..3745a5f8de 100644 --- a/luk/11/45.md +++ b/luk/11/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Jesus begins to respond to a Jewish teacher. -## translationNotes +# One of the teachers of the law -* **you burden men with burdens too hard to carry** - "You put burdens on people that are too heavy for them to carry." This is a metaphor in which giving people many rules is compared to giving them heavy things to carry. It can be translated as "You burden people by giving them too many rules to follow." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but you do not even touch those burdens with one of your own fingers** - "but you do not even use one of your fingers to help them carry the burdens." It means "but you do not do anything at all to help them obey your rules." +This introduces a new character into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# what you say insults us too + +Jesus' comments about the Pharisees also seemed to apply to the teachers of the Jewish laws. + +# Woe to you, teachers of the law! + +Jesus makes it clear that he intended to condemn the actions of the teachers of the law along with the Pharisees. + +# you put people under burdens that are hard to carry + +"you put burdens on people that are too heavy and they cannot carry them." Jesus speaks about someone giving people many rules as if the person were giving them heavy things to carry. AT: "you burden people by giving them too many rules to follow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# touch the burdens with one of your own fingers + +Possible meanings are 1) "do anything at all to help people carry those burdens" or 2) "do not make any effort to carry those burdens yourselves." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/47.md b/luk/11/47.md index 406ea5cd85..c3d5034c6b 100644 --- a/luk/11/47.md +++ b/luk/11/47.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# So you are witnesses and you consent -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] - -## translationNotes - -* Jesus continues to speak to the teachers of the law. -* **and yet** - This calls attention to the contrast between their honoring of the prophets while ignoring the fact that their ancestors murdered them. -* **So you are witnesses and consent to the works of your ancestors** - This is an implied rebuke: "but you did not denounce them." They knew about the murder of the prophets, but did not condemn their ancestors for killing them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Jesus is rebuking the Pharisees and teachers of the law. They knew about the murder of the prophets, but did not condemn their ancestors for killing them. AT: "So, rather than denouncing them, you confirm and agree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/49.md b/luk/11/49.md index 7f3325262c..0e72a35655 100644 --- a/luk/11/49.md +++ b/luk/11/49.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# For this reason -* [[en:tw:abel]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +This refers back to the previous statement that the teachers of the law burdened people with rules. -## translationNotes +# God's wisdom said -* Jesus continues to speak to the religious leaders. -* **For this reason** - This refers the statement that follows. God will send more prophets to demonstrate that the current generation would kill them, just as their fathers did. -* **God's wisdom said** - "God in his wisdom said" or "God wisely said" -* **I will send them prophets and apostles** - "I will send prophets and apostles to my people" -* **they will persecute and kill some of them** - "my people will persecute and kill some of the prophets and apostles" -* **will be held responsible for all the blood of the prophets shed** - The blood that was shed refers to the murder of the prophets. This can be translated as "will be held responsible for all the deaths of the prophets that were killed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Zechariah** - This was probably the priest referred to in 2 Chronicles [[en:bible:notes:2ch:24:20]]. This was not the Father of John the Baptist. +"wisdom" is treated as if it was able to speak for God. AT: "God in his wisdom said" or "God wisely said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will send to them prophets and apostles + +"I will send prophets and apostles to my people." God had declared beforehand that he would send prophets and apostles to the ancestors of the Jewish audience to whom Jesus was speaking. + +# they will persecute and kill some of them + +"my people will persecute and kill some of the prophets and apostles." God had declared beforehand that the ancestors of the Jewish audience to whom Jesus was speaking would persecute and kill the prophets and apostles. + +# This generation, then, will be held responsible for all the blood of the prophets shed + +The people to whom Jesus was speaking will be held responsible for the murder of the prophets by their ancestors. AT: "Therefore, God will hold this generation responsible for all the deaths of the prophets that people have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the blood of the prophets shed + +The "blood ... shed" refers to the blood spilled when they were killed. AT: "the murder of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Zechariah + +This was probably the priest in the Old Testament who rebuked the people of Israel for idolatry. This was not the Father of John the Baptist. + +# who was killed + +This could be stated in active form. AT: "that the people killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/52.md b/luk/11/52.md index 7ad7b0cd61..289f3d86d1 100644 --- a/luk/11/52.md +++ b/luk/11/52.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Jesus finishes responding to the Jewish teacher. -## translationNotes +# you have taken away the key of knowledge ... hinder those who are entering -* Jesus continues to tell the teachers of the law how they sin against God. -* **you have taken away the key of knowledge** - This is a metaphor. It means "you have prevented people from entering into the place where God's truth is stored." It can be translated as a simile as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the key** - This represents the means of access, as to a house or storage room. -* **you do not enter in yourselves** - "You yourselves do not go in in order to get knowledge." This metaphor means "You yourselves do make use of the knowledge." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Jesus speaks about God's truth as if it were in a house that the teachers refuse to enter and will not let others have the key to enter either. This means the teachers do not truly know God, and they prevent others from knowing him as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the key + +This represents the means of access, as to a house or storage room. + +# you do not enter in yourselves + +"you yourselves do not go in to get knowledge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/53.md b/luk/11/53.md index 1aad7d7dad..93bb2a8ef1 100644 --- a/luk/11/53.md +++ b/luk/11/53.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is the end of the part of the story where Jesus ate at the Pharisee's house. These verses tell the reader what happens after the main part of the story ends. -## translationNotes +# After Jesus left there -* **After Jesus left there** - "After Jesus left the Pharisee's house" -* **trying to trap him in his own words** - This is a metaphor. They wanted Jesus to say something wrong so that they could accuse him. It can be translated without the metaphor as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"After Jesus left the Pharisee's house" + +# argued with him ... trying to trap him + +The scribes and Pharisees did not argue in order to defend their views, but to try to trap Jesus so they could accuse him of breaking the law of God. + +# trying to trap him in his own words + +This means they wanted Jesus to say something wrong so that they could accuse him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/intro.md b/luk/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..36211fa43a --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Luke 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart poems or special prayers. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 11:2-4, which is a special prayer, commonly called the "Lord's Prayer." This prayer in Matthew 6 also has the phrase, "but deliver us from the evil one." + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Lord's Prayer ##### + +This is not a prayer to be recited repeatedly, although this prayer can be used in that way. Instead, it provides a model for how Christians are to pray. + +##### Jonah ##### +Jonah was an Old Testament prophet of some significance but not a great deal of significance. He called a Gentile nation to repent of their sins and they obeyed. These events cause the Jewish prophet to be upset with God's grace being shown to Gentiles. This chapter finds a parallel with the future attitude of the Jews, their lack of repentance and eventually becoming upset with God for the grace he shows to the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +##### Light ##### +Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as an image to represent sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +##### Washing ##### +This was a practice done by the Pharisees, but it was not an obligation according to the law of Moses. The Pharisees had many rituals involving washing in an attempt to make themselves clean. This is ironic because no amount of water could make them spiritually clean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/01.md b/luk/12/01.md index 706d5212c9..ee5d3b6a9d 100644 --- a/luk/12/01.md +++ b/luk/12/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus begins to teach his disciples in front of thousands of people. -## translationNotes +# In the meantime -* **In the meantime** - "While they were doing that" -* **many thousands of the multitude** - "thousands of people" or "a very great crowd" -* **they trampled each other** - This is an exaggeration in order to express how many people there were. It means "they were stepping on each other." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **he began to say to his disciples, first of all** - "Jesus first started speaking to his disciples, and said to them" -* **Beware** - "Be alert to the danger of" or "Guard yourself against" -* **the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.** - This is a metaphor. It can be translated as a simile "the hypocrisy of the Pharisees, which is like yeast." Just as yeast spreads through a whole lump of bread dough, their hypocrisy was spreading through the whole community. This whole warning can be translated as "Be careful that you do not become hypocrites like the Pharisees. Their evil behavior influences everyone just as yeast affects a lump of dough." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"While they were doing that" + +# when many thousands of the people ... they trampled on each other + +This is background information that tells the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# many thousands of the people + +"a very great crowd" + +# they trampled on each other + +This is probably an exaggeration to emphasize that so many people were crowded close together that they would step on each other. AT: "they were stepping on each other" or "they were stepping on one another's feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# he began to say to his disciples first of all + +"Jesus first started speaking to his disciples, and said to them" + +# Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy + +Just as yeast spreads through a whole lump of bread dough, their hypocrisy was spreading through the whole community. AT: "Guard yourself against the hypocrisy of the Pharisees, which is like yeast" or "Be careful that you do not become hypocrites like the Pharisees. Their evil behavior influences everyone just as yeast affects a lump of dough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/02.md b/luk/12/02.md index 88b35888ff..2fce3698cf 100644 --- a/luk/12/02.md +++ b/luk/12/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But there is -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +The word "But" connects this verse to the previous verse about the hypocrisy of the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## translationNotes +# there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed -* Jesus continues to warn his disciples against hypocrisy. -* **There is nothing concealed that will not be revealed** - This could also be translated as "Everything that is hidden will be shown" or "People will find out about everything that people do secretly." -* **and nothing hidden, that will not be made known** - This part of the sentence uses different words to say the same thing as the first part in order to emphasize its truth. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **spoken in the ear** - This could also be translated as "whispered to another person." -* **in the inner chambers** - "in a closed room." It could also be translated as "behind closed doors" or "in privacy" or "secretly." -* **will be proclaimed** - "will be shouted loudly" or "people will proclaim" -* **upon the housetops** - Houses in Israel had flat roofs, so people could go up and stand on top of them. If readers would be distracted trying to imagine how people would get up on the house tops, this could also be translated with a more general expression, such as "from a high place where everyone will be able to hear." +"everything that is hidden will be shown." This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will find out about everything that people do secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nothing hidden that will not be known + +This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence in order to emphasize its truth. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "people will learn about everything that others try to hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be heard in the light + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will hear in the light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# spoken in the ear + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whispered to another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in the inner rooms + +"in a closed room." This refers to private speech. AT: "in privacy" or "secretly" + +# will be proclaimed + +"will be shouted loudly." This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will proclaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# upon the housetops + +Houses in Israel had flat roofs, so people could go up and stand on top of them. If readers would be distracted trying to imagine how people would get up on the house tops, this could also be translated with a more general expression, such as "from a high place where everyone will be able to hear." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/04.md b/luk/12/04.md index 214d5cbd39..dbb0584727 100644 --- a/luk/12/04.md +++ b/luk/12/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I say to you my friends -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] +Jesus readdresses his disciples to mark a shift in his speech to a new topic, in this case, to speak about not being afraid. -## translationNotes +# they have no more that they can do -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -* **they have no more that they can do** - "they cannot do anything else" or "they cannot cause any more harm" or "they cannot hurt you anymore" -* **Fear the one who** - This could also be translated as "Fear God who" or "Fear God, because." -* **after he has killed** - "after he kills you" or "after he kills someone" -* **has authority to throw you into hell** - This can be translated as "has authority to throw people into hell." +"they cannot cause any more harm" or "they cannot hurt you anymore" + +# Fear the one who + +The phrase "the one" refers to God. This could be stated. AT: "Fear God who" or "Fear God, because" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# after he has killed + +"after he kills you" or "after he kills someone" + +# has authority to throw you into hell + +This is a general statement about God's authority to judge people. It does not mean this will happen to the disciples. AT: "has authority to throw people into hell" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/06.md b/luk/12/06.md index cffe789b9e..55cc26cac4 100644 --- a/luk/12/06.md +++ b/luk/12/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Are not five sparrows sold for two small coins? -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. AT: "You know that five sparrows are sold for only two small coins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# sparrows -* Jesus continues to speak to his disciples. -* **Are not five sparrows sold for two small coins?** - This is a rhetorical question. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). It can also be translated as "Think about sparrows. They have so little value that you can buy five of them for only two small coins" (UDB). -* **sparrows** - Sparrows are very small, seed eating birds. -* **not one of the is forgotten in the sight of God** - "God never forgets any of them!" (UDB) or "God never neglects to care for any sparrow!" -* **even the hairs of your head are numbered** - "God knows even how many hairs are on your head" -* **Do not fear** - "Do not be afraid of people" or "So do not be afraid of people who could hurt you" -* **You are more valuable than many sparrows** - "God values you more than many sparrows" +very small, seed-eating birds + +# not one of them is forgotten in the sight of God + +This could be stated in active form and in positive form. AT: "God never forgets any of them" or "God indeed remembers every sparrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# even the hairs of your head are all numbered + +This could be stated in active form. AT: "God knows even how many hairs are on your head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do not fear + +The reason for the fear is not stated. Possible meanings are 1) "Do not be afraid of what will happen to you" or 2) "So do not be afraid of people who could hurt you." + +# You are more valuable than many sparrows + +"You are worth more to God than many sparrows" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/08.md b/luk/12/08.md index bd2a13dd35..cf55f7e6cb 100644 --- a/luk/12/08.md +++ b/luk/12/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# I say to you -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus readdresses his audience to mark a shift in his speech to a new topic, in this case, to speak about confession. -## translationNotes +# everyone who confesses me before men -* Jesus continues to speak to his disciples. -* **Everyone who confesses me before men** - "Whoever tells others that he is my disciple" or "Anyone who acknowledges before others that he is loyal to me" -* **the Son of Man** - Jesus was referring to himself. This could be translated as "I, the Son of Man." -* **he who denies me before men** - "he who disowns me before people." This could also be translated as "whoever refuses to acknowledge to others that he is my disciple" or "if anyone refuses to say that he is loyal to me." -* **will be denied** - "will be disowned." This could also be translated as "The Son of Man will deny him " or "I will deny that he is my disciple." -* **Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man** - "Everyone who says something bad about the Son of Man" -* **it will be forgiven him** - "he will be forgiven" or "God will forgive him for that" -* **blasphemes against the Holy Spirit** - This could be translated as "speaks evil against the Holy Spirit" or "says that the Holy Spirit is evil." +What is confessed can be stated clearly. AT: "whoever tells others that he is my disciple" or "anyone who acknowledges before others that he is loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus was referring to himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man" + +# he who denies me before men + +"he who disowns me before people." What is denied can be stated clearly. AT: "whoever refuses to acknowledge to others that he is my disciple" or "if anyone refuses to say that he is loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will be denied + +"will be disowned." This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Son of Man will deny him" or "I will deny that he is my disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man + +"Everyone who says something bad about the Son of Man" + +# it will be forgiven him + +"he will be forgiven." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will forgive him for that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blasphemes against the Holy Spirit + +"speaks evil against the Holy Spirit" + +# it will not be forgiven + +This can be expressed with an active verb. AT: "God will not forgive him" or "God will consider him guilty forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/11.md b/luk/12/11.md index 5c276a5166..c2ad8afc0f 100644 --- a/luk/12/11.md +++ b/luk/12/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When they bring you -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] +It is not stated who brings them into judgment. -## translationNotes +# before the synagogues -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -* **before the synagogues** - "into the synagogues to question you before the religious leaders" (UDB) -* **authorities** - "other people who have power in the country" (UDB) -* **in that hour** - "at that time" or "then" +"into the synagogues to question you before the religious leaders" + +# rulers ... authorities + +It may be necessary to combine these into one statement. AT: "other people who have power in the country" + +# in that hour + +"at that time" or "then" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/13.md b/luk/12/13.md index 576be7f9b6..ff330cefbc 100644 --- a/luk/12/13.md +++ b/luk/12/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:mediator]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +This is a break in Jesus' teachings. A man asks Jesus to do something and Jesus responds to him. -## translationNotes +# divide the inheritance with me -* **Man** - Some understand this to be simply a way of addressing a stranger. Others understand that Jesus was rebuking the man. Your language might have a way of addressing people in either of these ways. Some people do not translate this word at all. -* **who made me a judge or a mediator over you?** - This is a rhetorical question. It could also be translated as "I am not your judge or mediator." Some languages would use the plural form for "you" or "your." Languages that have a dual form would use that. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **And he said to them** - The word "them" here probably refers to the whole crowd of people. This could be translated as "And Jesus said to the crowd." -* **Keep yourself from all greedy desires** - "Guard yourself from every form of greed." It could also be translated as "Don't allow yourself to love having things" or "Don't be controlled by the urge to have more." -* **someone's life** - This is a general statement of fact. It does not refer to any specific person. Some languages have a way of expressing that. -* **the abundance of his possessions** - "how many things he owns" (UDB) or "how much wealth he has" +Inheritances came from the father in that culture. This could be stated. AT: "share my father's property with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Man + +Possible meanings are 1) this is simply a way to address a stranger or 2) Jesus is rebuking the man. Your language might have a way of addressing people in either of these ways. Some people do not translate this word at all. + +# who made me a judge or a mediator over you? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the man. Some languages would use the plural form for "you" or "your." AT: "I am not your judge or mediator." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He said to them + +The word "them" here probably refers to the whole crowd of people. AT: "And Jesus said to the crowd" + +# keep yourselves from all greedy desires + +"guard yourself from every form of greed." AT: "do not allow yourself to love having things" or "do not let the urge to have more things control you" + +# a person's life + +This is a general statement of fact. It does not refer to any specific person. Some languages have a way of expressing that. + +# the abundance of his possessions + +"how many things he owns" or "how much wealth he has" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/16.md b/luk/12/16.md index 3906d85414..a903f9f1eb 100644 --- a/luk/12/16.md +++ b/luk/12/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Jesus continues his teaching by telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Then Jesus told them -* **Then Jesus told them** - Jesus was probably still speaking to the entire crowd. -* **yielded abundantly** - "grew a very good harvest" -* **barns** - Barns are buildings where farmers store the crops and food that they grow after it is harvested. -* **goods** - "possessions" -* **I will say to my soul** - "I will say to myself" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Jesus was probably still speaking to the entire crowd. + +# yielded abundantly + +"grew a very good harvest" + +# What will I do, because I do not have a place to store my crops? + +This question reflects what the man was thinking to himself. AT: "I do not know what to do, because I do not have any place big enough to store all my crops!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# barns + +buildings where farmers store the crops and food that they grow after it is harvested + +# goods + +"possessions" + +# I will say to my soul + +"I will say to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Soul, you have + +The man is speaking to himself. AT: "I have" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/20.md b/luk/12/20.md index 4fa55c47bb..eaf44eda35 100644 --- a/luk/12/20.md +++ b/luk/12/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Jesus quotes how God responds to the rich man, as he finishes telling his parable. -## translationNotes +# tonight your soul is required of you -* Jesus continues telling the parable of the rich man. -* **tonight your soul is required of you** - AT: "you will die tonight" or "your life is to be taken back from you tonight" -* **whose will they be?** - "who will own what you have stored up?" or "who will have what you prepared?" This is a rhetorical questions intended to make the man realize that he would not longer possess those things. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **stores up treasures** - "saves up valuable things" -* **not rich** - "poor" or "stingy" or "not generous" -* **towards God** - This could be translated as "in the view of God" or "in relation to God." The meaning is that this person has not invested in the things that are important to God, or that God will reward. +The "soul" refers to the life of a person. AT: "you will die tonight" or "I will take your life from you tonight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the things you have prepared, whose will they be? + +"who will own what you have stored up?" or "who will have what you prepared?" God uses a question to make the man realize that he would no longer possess those things. AT: "the things that you have prepared will belong to someone else!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# stores up treasure + +"saves up valuable things" + +# not rich + +"poor" + +# toward God + +The meaning is that this person has not been concerned with the things that are important to God, or that God will reward. AT: "in the view of God" or "in relation to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/22.md b/luk/12/22.md index 88a57756f8..65596bac56 100644 --- a/luk/12/22.md +++ b/luk/12/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Jesus continues teaching his disciples in front of the crowd. -## translationNotes +# Therefore -* **Therefore I say to you** - "So" or "For that reason" or "Because of what this story teaches" -* **I say to you** - “I want to tell you something important” or “You need to listen carefully to this” -* **about your life—what you will eat** - This can be translated as "about your life and what you will eat" or "about having enough food in order to live." -* **about your body—what you will wear** - This can be translated as "about your body and what you will wear" or "about having enough clothes to put on your body." +"For that reason" or "Because of what this story teaches" + +# I say to you + +"I want to tell you something important" or "you need to listen carefully to this" + +# about your life—what you will eat + +"about your life and what you will eat" or "about having enough food in order to live" + +# about your body—what you will wear + +"about your body and what you will wear" or "about having enough clothes to put on your body" + +# For life is more than food + +This is a general statement of value. AT: "life is more important than the food you eat" + +# the body is more than clothes + +This is a general statement of value. AT: "your body is more important than the clothes you put on it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/24.md b/luk/12/24.md index 91f1aee1f5..c5ffc6f835 100644 --- a/luk/12/24.md +++ b/luk/12/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# ravens -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +This refers either to 1) crows, a kind of bird that eats mostly grain, or 2) ravens, a kind of bird that eats the flesh of dead animals. Jesus' audience would have considered the ravens worthless since the Jewish people could not eat these types of birds. -## translationNotes +# storeroom ... barn -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **ravens** - This refers either to 1) crows, a kind of bird that eat mostly grain, or 2) ravens, a kind of bird that eat the flesh of dead animals. Jesus' audience would have considered the ravens worthless because they could not be eaten. -* **How much more valuable you are than the birds!** - This is an exclamation, emphasizing the fact that people are much more valuable to God then birds. -* **add a cubit to his lifespan** - This is a metaphor because a cubit is a measure of length, rather than of time. The image is of a person's life stretched out as if it were a board, a rope, or some other physical object. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These are places where food is stored. + +# How much more valuable you are than the birds! + +This is an exclamation, not a question. Jesus emphasizes the fact that people are much more valuable to God then birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# Which of you ... lifespan? + +Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. AT: "None of you can make your life any longer by being anxious!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# add a cubit to his lifespan + +This is a metaphor because a cubit is a measure of length, rather than of time. The image is of a person's life stretched out as if it were a board, a rope, or some other physical object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If then you are not able ... the rest? + +Jesus uses another question to teach his disciples. AT: "Since you cannot do even this small thing, you should not worry about the other things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/27.md b/luk/12/27.md index c4a8f54c66..ef826b1f25 100644 --- a/luk/12/27.md +++ b/luk/12/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Consider the lilies—how they grow -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +"Think about how the lilies grow" -## translationNotes +# lilies -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **lilies** - Lilies are beautiful flowers that grow wild in the fields. If your language does not have a word for lily, you can use the name of another flower like that or translate it as "flowers." -* **neither do they spin** - "neither do they make thread in order to make cloth" or "and they do not make yarn" -* **Solomon in all his glory** - "Solomon who had great wealth" or "Solomon who wore beautiful clothes" -* **if God so clothes the grass in the field** - "If God clothes the grass in the field like that" or "If God gives the grass in the field such beautiful clothing." "Clothes the grass" is a metaphor for "makes the grass beautiful." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **How much more will he clothe you** - This is an exclamation emphasizing that he will certainly take care of people even better than he does the grass. (See the section on Sentence Types in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]].) +Lilies are beautiful flowers that grow wild in the fields. If your language does not have a word for lily, you can use the name of another flower like that or translate it as "flowers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# neither do they spin + +The process of making thread or yard for cloth is called "spinning." It may be helpful to make this explicit. AT: "neither do they make thread in order to make cloth" or "and they do not make yarn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Solomon in all his glory + +"Solomon who had great wealth" or "Solomon who wore beautiful clothes" + +# If God so clothes the grass in the field + +"If God clothes the grass in the field like that" or "If God gives the grass in the field such beautiful clothing." AT: "If God makes the grass in the field beautiful like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# is thrown into the oven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone throws it into a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# how much more will he clothe you + +This is an exclamation, not a question. Jesus emphasizes that he will certainly take care of people even better than he does the grass. This could be stated clearly. AT: "he will certainly clothe you even better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/29.md b/luk/12/29.md index e942a15bc4..bcecf643bb 100644 --- a/luk/12/29.md +++ b/luk/12/29.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not look for what you will eat and what you will drink -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +"Do not focus on what you will eat and drink" or "Do not greatly desire more to eat and drink" -## translationNotes +# all the nations of the world -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **Do not look for what you will eat and drink** - "Do not focus on what you will eat and drink" or "do not greatly desire more to eat and drink" -* **all the nations of the world** - This can be translated as "all people of other nations" or "all the unbelievers in the world." "Nations" is used here as a metonym for "unbelievers." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "nations" refers to "unbelievers." AT: "all people of other nations" or "all the unbelievers in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/31.md b/luk/12/31.md index c186dca043..6f047455bd 100644 --- a/luk/12/31.md +++ b/luk/12/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# seek his kingdom -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] +"focus on God's kingdom" or "greatly desire God's kingdom" -## translationNotes +# these things will be added to you -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **seek his kingdom** - "focus on God's kingdom" or "greatly desire God's kingdom" -* **these things will be added to you ** - "these things also will be given to you." "These things" refers to food and clothing. -* **little flock** - Jesus was calling his disciples a flock. A flock is a group of sheep or goats that a shepherd cares for. As a shepherd cares for his sheep, God would care for Jesus' disciples. This can be translated as "small group" or "dear group." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"these things also will be given to you." "These things" refers to food and clothing. This could be stated in active form. AT: "God will give you these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# little flock + +Jesus was calling his disciples a flock. A flock is a group of sheep or goats that a shepherd cares for. As a shepherd cares for his sheep, God would care for Jesus' disciples. AT: "small group" or "dear group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/33.md b/luk/12/33.md index 50e7e8fe86..dc85ca1eab 100644 --- a/luk/12/33.md +++ b/luk/12/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# give to the poor -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:thief]] +It may be helpful to state what they receive. AT: "give to poor people the money you earn from the sales" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Make for yourselves purses ... treasure in the heavens -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **and give to the poor** - "and give to poor people the money you earn from the sales" -* **Make for yourselves purses ... treasure in heaven** - This can be translated as "In this way you will make for yourselves purses..." The purses and treasure in heaven are the same thing. They both represent God's blessing in heaven. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **purses which will not wear out** - "money bags that won't get holes in them" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **does not run out** - "does not diminish" or "does not become less" -* **your heart** - Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The purses and treasure in the heavens are the same thing. They both represent God's blessing in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Make for yourselves + +This is the result of giving to the poor. AT: "In this way you will make for yourselves" + +# purses which will not wear out + +"money bags that will not get holes in them" + +# does not run out + +"does not diminish" or "does not become less" + +# no thief comes near + +"thieves do not come near" + +# no moth destroys + +"moths do not destroy" + +# moth + +A "moth" is a small insect that eats holes in fabric. You may need to use a different insect, such as ants or termites. + +# where your treasure is, there your heart will be also + +"your heart will be focused on where you store your treasure" + +# your heart + +Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/35.md b/luk/12/35.md index 76bc42cd17..a544da02de 100644 --- a/luk/12/35.md +++ b/luk/12/35.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Jesus begins to tell a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Let your long clothing be tucked in at your belt -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **Let your long clothing be tucked in at your belt** - People wore long flowing robes. They would tuck them into their belt to keep the robes out of the way while they worked. In order to show this implicit information, this could be translated as “Let your clothing be kept tucked into your belt in readiness to serve” or “Be dressed and ready to serve.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **let your lamps be kept burning** - "keep your lamps burning" -* **be like people looking for their master** - This is a simile. It compares the disciples being ready for Jesus to return to servants who are ready for their master to return. It is also the beginning of a parable. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) -* **returns from the marriage feast** - "returns home from a marriage feast" +People wore long flowing robes. They would tuck them into their belt to keep the robes out of the way while they worked. AT: "Tuck your clothing into your belt so you are ready to serve" or "Be dressed and ready to serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# let your lamps be kept burning + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "keep your lamps burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be like people looking for their master + +This compares the disciples being ready for Jesus to return to servants who are ready for their master to return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# returns from the marriage feast + +"returns home from a marriage feast" + +# open the door for him + +This refers to the door of the master's house. It was the responsibility of his servants to open it for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/37.md b/luk/12/37.md index 80fc3ab365..e4ba5db067 100644 --- a/luk/12/37.md +++ b/luk/12/37.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Blessed are -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"How good it is for" -## translationNotes +# whom the master will find watching when he comes -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples a parable. -* **Blessed are** - "How good it is for" -* **whom the master will find watching when he comes** - "whose master finds them waiting for him when he returns" or "who are ready when the master returns" -* **he will tuck…make them sit down** - This is a reversal the previous verses. Because the servants have been faithful to their master, the master will now reward them by serving them. -* **he will tuck his long robe in his belt** - This can be translated with the implicit information made explicit: “He will prepare to serve by tucking his clothes into his belt” or “He will dress to serve.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in the second watch of the night** - This can be translated as "late at night" or "just before midnight." The second watch was between 9:00 p.m. and midnight. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimewatch]]) -* **or if even in the third watch** - This can be translated as "or if he comes very late at night." The third watch was from midnight to 3:00 a.m. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimewatch]]) +"whose master finds them waiting for him when he returns" or "who are ready when the master returns" + +# he will tuck in his long clothing at his belt, and have them sit down + +Because the servants have been faithful and ready to serve their master, the master will now reward them by serving them. + +# in the second watch of the night + +The second watch was between 9:00 p.m. and midnight. AT: "late at night" or "just before midnight" + +# or if even in the third watch + +The third watch was from midnight to 3:00 a.m. AT: "or if he comes very late at night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/39.md b/luk/12/39.md index ab2d00d5c3..e2d84da239 100644 --- a/luk/12/39.md +++ b/luk/12/39.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Moreover know this -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:thief]] +"In addition, also know" or "But you must also remember" -## translationNotes +# had known the hour -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples a parable. -* **because you do not know the hour when the Son of Man comes** - The only similarity between a thief and the Son of Man is that people do not know when either one will come, so they need to be ready. -* **when the Son of Man comes** - Jesus was talking about himself. So it can be translated as "when I, the Son of Man, will come." +"had known when" + +# he would not have let his house be broken into + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he would not have let the thief break into his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because you do not know the hour when the Son of Man comes + +The only similarity between a thief and the Son of Man is that people do not know when either one will come, so they need to be ready. + +# do not know the hour when + +"do not know at what time" + +# when the Son of Man comes + +Jesus was talking about himself. AT: "when I, the Son of Man, will come" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/41.md b/luk/12/41.md index 631764b52c..03edf59353 100644 --- a/luk/12/41.md +++ b/luk/12/41.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +In verse 42, Jesus begins to tell another parable. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Who then is** - This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. Jesus did not answer Peter's question directly, but expected those who wanted to be faithful managers to understand that the parable was about them. It can be introduced with a statement: "I said it for everyone who is." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the faithful and wise manager** - Jesus tells another parable about how servants should be faithful while they wait for their master to return. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) -* **whom his lord will set over his other servants** - "whom his lord puts in charge of his other servants" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) -* **Blessed is that servant** - "How good it is for that servant" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) -* **whom his lord finds doing that when he comes** - This can be translated as "if his lord finds him doing that work when he comes back." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) +In verse 41, there is a break in the storyline as Peter asks Jesus a question about the previous parable. + +# Who then is ... right time? + +Jesus uses a question to answer Peter's question indirectly. He expected those who wanted to be faithful managers to understand that the parable was about them. AT: "I said it for everyone who is ... right time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the faithful and wise manager + +Jesus tells another parable about how servants should be faithful while they wait for their master to return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# whom his lord will set over his other servants + +"whom his lord puts in charge of his other servants" + +# Blessed is that servant + +"How good it is for that servant" + +# whom his lord finds doing that when he comes + +"if his lord finds him doing that work when he comes back" + +# Truly I say to you + +This expression means they should pay special attention to what he is about to say. + +# will set him over all his property + +"will put him in charge of all his property" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/45.md b/luk/12/45.md index 60e1b4e5ef..b0504b2c24 100644 --- a/luk/12/45.md +++ b/luk/12/45.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# that servant -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] +This refers to the servant whose lord has put him in charge of the other servants. -## translationNotes +# says in his heart -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples a parable. -* **that servant** - This refers to the servant whose lord has put him in charge of the other servants. -* **says in his heart** - AT: "thinks to himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **My lord delays his return** - AT: "My master will not return soon" -* **male and female servants** - The words that are translated here as “male and female servants” are normally translated as “boys” and "girls". They may indicate that the servants were young or that they were dear to their master. -* **place his portion with the unfaithful** - "put him with the unfaithful people" or "sends him to the place where he sends those who are unfaithful" +"heart" here refers to the person. AT: "thinks to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My lord delays his return + +"My master will not return soon" + +# male and female servants + +The words that are translated here as "male and female servants" are normally translated as "boys" and "girls." They may indicate that the servants were young or that they were dear to their master. + +# in a day when he does not expect + +"when the servant is not expecting him" + +# in an hour that he does not know + +"at an hour when he is not expecting him" + +# cut him in pieces and appoint a place for him with the unfaithful + +Possible meanings are 1) this is an exaggeration for the master dealing out harsh punishment toward the slave, or 2) this describes the manner in which the servant will be executed and buried as punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/47.md b/luk/12/47.md index e36c37021f..eddfc01efa 100644 --- a/luk/12/47.md +++ b/luk/12/47.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Jesus finishes telling the parable. -## translationNotes +# his lord's will -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples a parable. -* **will be beaten with many blows** - "will be hit many times" or "will be whipped many times." This can be translated with an active verb: "his master will hit him many times" or "his master will punish him severely." -* **Everyone to whom much is given, much will be required of him** - This can be translated with active verbs: "They will require more of anyone who has received much" or "the master will require more of everyone he has given much to." -* **they entrust … they will ask** - The word "they" here does not refer to a specific group of people. It can also be translated as "the master entrusts ... the master will ask." If you translated the previous sentences with a passive, consider following the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to whom they entrust much** - "to whom they give much property to take care of" or "to whom they give much responsibility" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"what his master wanted him to do" + +# will be beaten with many blows + +"will be hit many times" or "will be whipped many times." This can be stated in active form. AT: "his master will hit him many times" or "his master will punish him severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# many blows ... few blows + +Both servants are punished, but these phrases show the servant who intentionally disobeyed his master was punished more severely than the other servant. + +# But everyone who has been given much, from them much will be required + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They will require more of anyone who has received much" or "The master will require more of everyone he has given much to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one ... much, even more will be asked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the master will ask even more of the one ... much" or "the master will require even more of the one ... much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one who has been entrusted with much + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one to whom the master has given much property to take care of" or "the one to whom the master has given much responsibility" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/49.md b/luk/12/49.md index d88c2ffb92..2fbf16b991 100644 --- a/luk/12/49.md +++ b/luk/12/49.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] +Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -## translationNotes +# I came to cast fire upon the earth -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **I came to cast fire upon the earth** - "I came to throw fire on the earth" or "I came to set the earth on fire." Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) judgment or 2) purification or 3) division. -* **how I wish that it was already kindled** - This is an exclamation emphasizing how much he wants this to happen. It can be translated as "I wish very much that it was already lit" or more generally as "How I wish that it had already begun." (See the section on Sentence Types in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]].) -* **But I have a baptism to be baptized with** - Baptism is used here as a metaphor for suffering. Just as water covers a person during baptism, suffering will overwhelm Jesus. This can be translated as "I will be baptized with suffering" or as a simile: "I must be overwhelmed in suffering as a person being baptized is covered by water." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **But** - The word "but" is used to show that he cannot cast the fire on the earth until after he is baptized. -* **how I am distressed until it is completed!** - This exclamation emphasizes how distressed he was. It can be translated as “I am terribly distressed and will be so until this suffering is completed!” (See the section on Sentence Types in [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]]) +"I came to throw fire on the earth" or "I came to set the earth on fire." Possible meanings are 1) Jesus has come to judge people or 2) Jesus has come to purify believers or 3) Jesus has come to cause division among people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how I wish that it were already kindled + +This exclamation emphasizes how much he wants this to happen. AT: "I wish very much that it was already lit" or "how I wish that it had already begun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# But I have a baptism to be baptized with + +Here "baptism" refers to what Jesus must suffer. Just as water covers a person during baptism, suffering will overwhelm Jesus. AT: "I must go through a baptism of terrible suffering" or "I must be overwhelmed by suffering as a person being baptized is covered by water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But + +The word "but" is used to show that he cannot cast the fire on the earth until after he goes through his baptism. + +# how I am distressed until it is completed + +This exclamation emphasizes how distressed he was. AT: "I am terribly distressed and will be so until I complete this baptism of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/51.md b/luk/12/51.md index e76763c7f8..f88d660879 100644 --- a/luk/12/51.md +++ b/luk/12/51.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you think that I came to bring peace on the earth? -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +People expected the Messiah to bring them peace from their enemies. Jesus is not going to do that now. AT: "You should not think that I have come to bring peace on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# but rather division -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **Do you think that I came to bring peace on the earth?** - This is a rhetorical question. People expected the Messiah to bring them peace from their enemies. This can be translated as "You should not think that I have come to bring peace on earth." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **but rather division** - "but I came to bring division" -* **division** - "hostility" or "discord" -* **there will be five in one house divided** - This is an example of the kind of division there will be even within families. +"but I came to bring division" or "people will divide from each other because I have come" + +# division + +"hostility" or "discord" + +# there will be five in one house divided + +This is an example of the kind of division there will be even within families. + +# there will be five in one house + +It may be helpful to state that this refers to people. AT: "there will be five people in one house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# against + +"will oppose." It may be helpful to use a longer phrase for each of these occurrences. AT: "will be divided against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/54.md b/luk/12/54.md index 55d9e89821..2e9dc6c7d5 100644 --- a/luk/12/54.md +++ b/luk/12/54.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:interpret]] +Jesus begins to speak to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# When you see a cloud rising ... happens -* **A shower is coming** - "Rain is coming" or "It is going to rain" (UDB) -* **the earth and the heavens** - "the earth and the sky" or "the weather" -* **how is it that you do not know how to interpret the present time?** - This rhetorical question is used as a rebuke. It can be translated as "You should know how to interpret the present time." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This condition normally meant rain was coming in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# A shower is coming + +"Rain is coming" or "It is going to rain" + +# When a south wind is blowing + +This condition normally meant hot weather was coming in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the earth and the heavens + +"the earth and the sky" + +# how is it that you do not know how to interpret the present time? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the crowd. Jesus uses this question to convict them. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "you should know how to interpret the present time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/57.md b/luk/12/57.md index da18beecb0..a486f03b67 100644 --- a/luk/12/57.md +++ b/luk/12/57.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do you not judge what is right for yourselves -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the crowd. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You yourselves should discern what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# for yourselves -* Jesus continues speaking to the crowds. -* **Why do you not judge what is right for yourselves** - This is a rhetorical question used as a rebuke. It can be translated as "You yourselves should discern what is right." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) It introduces Jesus' teaching about what is right. -* **for yourselves** - “on your own initiative” or “while you still have time to do that” (UDB). It implies that the hearers should act out of their own self-interest and wisdom without anyone else having to force them. -* **For when you go with your adversary** - This is the beginning of another parable. Jesus uses a hypothetical situation as a metaphor for God's impending judgment. -* **For when you go** - Though Jesus is talking to a crowd, the situation he is presenting is something that a person would go through alone. So in some languages the word "you" would be singular. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **settle the matter with him** - "settle the matter with your adversary" -* **the judge** - This refers to the magistrate, but the term here is more specific and threatening. -* **does not deliver you** - "does not hand you over" +"on your own initiative" + +# For when you go ... bit of money + +Jesus uses a hypothetical situation to teach the crowd. His point is that they should resolve the things they are able to resolve without involving the public courts. This can be restated to make it clear it might not happen. AT: "For if you were to go ... bit of money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# when you go + +Though Jesus is talking to a crowd, the situation he is presenting is something that a person would go through alone. So in some languages the word "you" would be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# settle the matter with him + +"settle the matter with your adversary" + +# the judge + +This refers to the magistrate, but the term here is more specific and threatening. + +# does not deliver you + +"does not hand you over" + +# the very last bit of money + +"the entire amount of money that your adversary demands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/intro.md b/luk/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..734e493ca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Luke 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Blasphemy against the Spirit" ##### + +There is a great deal of controversy regarding properly identifying this specific sin. However, it seems to involve insulting the Holy Spirit and his work. Since part of his work is to convince people that they are sinners and that they need God's forgiveness, anyone who mocked this truth would be unwilling to come in repentance to God. For this reason, he would not be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Stewardship ##### +Although this word is not used in this chapter, it is a concept which plays a significant part of the teaching of this chapter. Stewardship is being trustworthy in the handling of the things which have been entrusted to you. God expects each person to use the gifts that he has given to them. This includes not only the natural gifts or abilities that God has given to man, but the quality of a person's life especially related to living with the guarantee of eternal life. God also expects people to live in the expectation of the imminent return of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Division ##### +There is an important teaching about division in this chapter ([Luke 12:51-56](./51.md)). This division is not intended to imply that people will become enemies. Instead, it references that there is now a clear division in the world between those who are Christians and those who are not. One's identity as a follower of Jesus is more significant than any family relation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "There is nothing concealed, that will not be revealed" ##### +There are some teachings that have implicit knowledge associated with them. This phrase and others concern a future time of judgment ([Luke 12:2-5](./02.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Son of man" ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Some languages may not be able to have a person refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +##### General and Specific Instructions ##### +There are times that the New Testament gives specific instructions or commands that always apply to all Christians. At other times, its instructions are considered to be more general instructions and should only be taken as "good ideas." For example, "do not be anxious" or "sell your possessions" are not meant to be instructions to all Christians. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/01.md b/luk/13/01.md index 19b67826da..0568c4a87c 100644 --- a/luk/13/01.md +++ b/luk/13/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Jesus is still speaking in front of the crowd. Some people in the crowd ask him a question and he begins to respond. This is the same part of the story that begin in [Luke 12:1](../12/01.md). -## translationNotes +# At that time -* **At that time** - This phrase connects this event to the end of chapter 12 when Jesus was teaching a crowd of people. -* **whose blood Pilate mixed with their own sacrifices** - This is a figure of speech in which their death is spoken of in terms of their blood. It can be translated as "who were killed by Pilate when they were offering their sacrifices." Pilate probably ordered his soldiers to kill people rather than doing it himself. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Do you think that these Galileans were more sinful** - "Were these Galileans more sinful" or "Does this prove that these Galileans were more sinful?" This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as a statement: "You think that these Galileans were more sinful" or as a command "Do not think that these Galileans were more sinful" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **No, I tell you** - Jesus said "I tell you" here to emphasize "No." It can be translated as "Certainly not!" Possible meanings are "They certainly were not more sinful" or "Their suffering certainly does not prove that." It can be translated as "You are wrong to think that." -* **all of you will perish in the same way** - "all of you also will die." The phrase "in the same way" means "with the same result," not "by the same method." -* **perish** - "lose your life" or "die" +This phrase connects this event to the end of chapter 12 when Jesus was teaching a crowd of people. + +# whose blood Pilate mixed with their own sacrifices + +Here "blood" refers to the death of the Galileans. They were probably killed while they were offering their sacrifices. This could be stated explicitly as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# whose blood Pilate mixed + +Pilate probably ordered his soldiers to kill people rather than doing it himself. AT: "whom Pilate's soldiers killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do you think that these Galileans were more sinful ... way? + +"Were these Galileans more sinful ... way?" or "Does this prove that these Galileans were more sinful ... way?" Jesus uses this question to challenge the understanding of the people. AT: "You think that these Galileans were more sinful ... way." or "Do not think that these Galileans were more sinful ... way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# No, I tell you + +Here "I tell you" emphasizes "no." AT: "They certainly were not more sinful" or "You are wrong to think that their suffering proves that they were more sinful" + +# all of you will perish in the same way + +"all of you also will die." The phrase "in the same way" means they will experience the same result, not that they will die by the same method. + +# perish + +"lose your life" or "die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/04.md b/luk/13/04.md index 9314f17cf6..f8c0e26078 100644 --- a/luk/13/04.md +++ b/luk/13/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Or those -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +This is Jesus' second example of people who suffered. AT: "Or consider those" or "Think about those" -## translationNotes +# eighteen people -* Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. -* **Or those ** - This is Jesus' second example of people who suffered. This can start with "Or consider those" or "Think about those." It can also be translated as "What about those" in order to connect it to the rhetorical question that follows it. -* **eighteen people** - "18 people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **do you think they were worse sinners** - “Were they more sinful” or “Does this prove that they were more sinful?” This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as a statement: “You think that they were more sinful” or as a command “Do not think that they were more sinful” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **other men** - "other people" -* **No, I say** - Jesus said “I say” here to emphasize “No.” It can be translated as "Certainly not!" Possible meanings are “They certainly were not more sinful” or “Their suffering certainly does not prove that.” It can be translated as “You are wrong to think that.” If the -* **perish** - "lose your life" or "die" +"18 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Siloam + +This is the name of an area in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# do you think they were worse sinners ... Jerusalem? + +"does this prove that they were more sinful ... Jerusalem?" Jesus uses this question to challenge the understanding of the people. AT: "do not think that they were more sinful ... Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they were worse sinners + +The crowd assumed that they died in this terrible way because they were especially sinful. This could be explicitly stated. AT: "they died because they were worse sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# other men + +"other people." The word here is the general term for a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# No, I say + +Here "I say" emphasizes "No." It may be helpful to state Jesus' point clearly. AT: "They certainly did not die because they were more sinful" or "You are wrong to think that their suffering proves that they were more sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# perish + +"lose your life" or "die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/06.md b/luk/13/06.md index e58cf10e95..24176f1ca5 100644 --- a/luk/13/06.md +++ b/luk/13/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Jesus begins to tell the crowd a parable to explain his last statement, "But if you do not repent, all of you will also perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Someone had a fig tree planted in his vineyard -* Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. -* **Jesus told this parable** - He spoke the parable to explain his statement in the previous verse that they should repent or perish. -* **Why let it waste the ground** - This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as a statement as it is in the UDB or as a command: "Do not let it waste the ground." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"A person had a vineyard and a fig tree had been planted in it" + +# Why let it waste the ground? + +The man uses a question to emphasize that the tree is useless and the gardener should cut it down. AT: "Do not let it waste the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/08.md b/luk/13/08.md index bbb4780e64..5623ae50c3 100644 --- a/luk/13/08.md +++ b/luk/13/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Jesus finishes telling his parable. This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Luke 12:1](../12/01.md). -## translationNotes +# Leave it alone -* Jesus continues telling his story. -* **Leave it alone** - This can be translated as "Do not do anything to the tree" or "Do not cut it down." -* **year** - See [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]. -* **and put manure on it** - "and put manure in the soil." Manure is animal dung. People put it in the ground to make the soil good for plants and trees. -* **cut it down** - This can be translated as "Let me cut it down" or "Tell me to cut it down." The servant was making a suggestion; he was not giving a command to the owner. +"Do not do anything to the tree" or "Do not cut it down" + +# put manure on it + +"put manure in the soil." Manure is animal dung. People put it in the ground to make the soil good for plants and trees. AT: "put fertilizer on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If it bears fruit next year, good + +It may be helpful to state what will happen. AT: "If it has figs on it next year, we can allow it to keep growing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# cut it down + +The servant was making a suggestion; he was not giving a command to the owner. AT: "Tell me to cut it down" or "I will cut it down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/10.md b/luk/13/10.md index bde358b3e8..9a34541005 100644 --- a/luk/13/10.md +++ b/luk/13/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +This is the next part of the story. These verses give background information about the setting of this part of the story and about a crippled woman who is introduced into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* **during the Sabbath** - "on a Sabbath day." Some languages would say "a Sabbath" because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a woman who …” -* **an evil spirit of weakness** - "an evil spirit that made her weak" +This word marks a new part of the story. + +# during the Sabbath + +"on a Sabbath day." Some languages would say "a Sabbath" because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was. + +# Behold, a woman was there + +The word "behold" here alerts us to a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# eighteen years + +"18 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a spirit of weakness + +"an evil spirit that made her weak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/12.md b/luk/13/12.md index 4e8c4686f5..c11ab4c66a 100644 --- a/luk/13/12.md +++ b/luk/13/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Woman, you are freed from your weakness -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +"Woman, you are healed from your disease." This can be expressed with an active verb: AT: "Woman, I have set you free from your weakness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Woman, you are freed from your weakness -* **Be free from your weakness** - "You are healed from your disease." By saying this, Jesus was making it happen. It can be translated as a command (ULB) or as a statement (UDB). (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]]) -* **he placed his hands on her** - "he touched her" -* **was indignant because Jesus had healed** - This can be translated as "was angry that Jesus healed." -* **answered and said** - "said" or "responded" -* **come and be healed then** - "come for healing during those six days" +By saying this, Jesus healed her. So it can be expressed with a sentence that shows that he was causing it to happen: "Woman, I now free you from your weakness," or by a command "Woman, be freed from your weakness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) + +# He placed his hands on her + +"He touched her" + +# she was straightened up + +This could be stated in active form. AT: "she stood up straight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was indignant + +"was very angry" + +# answered and said + +"said" or "responded" + +# be healed then + +This could be stated in active form. AT: "let someone heal you during those six days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the Sabbath day + +"on a Sabbath day." Some languages would say "a Sabbath" because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/15.md b/luk/13/15.md index 89d4194656..02426f82bc 100644 --- a/luk/13/15.md +++ b/luk/13/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The Lord answered him -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +"The Lord responded to the synagogue ruler" -## translationNotes +# Hypocrites -* **The Lord answered him** - "the Lord responded to the synagogue ruler" -* **Does not each of you untie your donkey** - This starts a rhetorical question. Jesus used this to get them to think about something they already knew. It can be translated as statement: "You untie your donkey" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **donkey or cow** - These are animals that people care for by giving them water. -* **daughter of Abraham** - "descendant of Abraham" -* **whom Satan bound** - This is a metaphor. It means "whom Satan kept crippled." The metaphor can be kept and the meaning can be made explicit: "whom Satan bound with this disease." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **eighteen long years** - The word "long" here emphasizes that eighteen years was a very long time for the woman to suffer. Other languages may have other ways of emphasizing this. -* **to untie her bonds** - This is a metaphor. It can be translated as "to untie her from Satan" or "to untie the bonds of this illness" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Jesus speaks directly to the synagogue ruler, but the plural form includes the other religious rulers also. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "You and your fellow religious leaders are hypocrites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Does not each of you untie your donkey ... Sabbath? + +Jesus uses a question to get them to think about something they already knew. AT: "You untie your donkey ... Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# donkey or cow + +These are animals that people care for by giving them water. + +# on the Sabbath + +"on a Sabbath." Some languages would say "a Sabbath" because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was. + +# daughter of Abraham + +This is an idiom that means, "descendant of Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# whom Satan bound + +Jesus compares people tying animals to the way Satan restricted the woman with this disease. AT: "whom Satan kept crippled by her illness" or "whom Satan bound with this disease" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# eighteen long years + +"18 long years." The word "long" here emphasizes that eighteen years was a very long time for the woman to suffer. Other languages may have other ways of emphasizing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# should her bonds not be untied ... day? + +Jesus uses a question to convict the synagogue rulers. Jesus speaks about the women's disease as if it were ropes that bound her. This can be translated as an active statement. AT: "it is right to release her from the bonds of this illness ... day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/17.md b/luk/13/17.md index ea8aa22006..b0af805dba 100644 --- a/luk/13/17.md +++ b/luk/13/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# As he said these things -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +"When Jesus said these things" -## translationNotes +# the glorious things he did -* **As he said these things** - "When Jesus said these things" -* **the glorious things he did** - "the glorious things Jesus was doing" +"the glorious things Jesus was doing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/18.md b/luk/13/18.md index e8e88c95ef..a4c408c60c 100644 --- a/luk/13/18.md +++ b/luk/13/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Jesus begins to tell a parable to the people in the synagogue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# What is the kingdom of God like ... what can I compare it to? -* Jesus continues to teach the people in the synagogue. -* **What is the kingdom of God like** - This is a rhetorical question that introduces what Jesus wants to talk about it. It can be translated as a statement: "I will tell you what the kingdom of God is like." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **what will I compare it to** - This is basically the same as the previous rhetorical question. Jesus used it to introduce what he would talk about. Some languages can use both of these, and some would use only one. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **a mustard seed** - Mustard seeds are very small seeds that grow into large plants. If these are not known, it can be translated with the name of another seed like it or simply as "a small seed." -* **and threw into his garden** - "and planted in his garden." People planted some kinds of seeds by throwing them so that they scattered in the garden. -* **a big tree** - This is an exaggeration to make a point. It can also be translated as "a very large shrub." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **birds of heaven** - "birds of the sky." It can be translated as "birds that fly in the sky" or simply "birds." +Jesus uses two questions to introduce what he is about to teach. AT: "I will tell you what the kingdom of God is like ... what I can compare it to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what can I compare it to? + +This is basically the same as the previous question. Some languages can use both questions, and some would use only one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# It is like a mustard seed + +Jesus compares the kingdom to a mustard seed. AT: "The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a mustard seed + +Mustard seeds are very small seeds that grow into large plants. If these are not known, it can be translated with the name of another seed like it or simply as "a small seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# threw into his garden + +"planted in his garden." People planted some kinds of seeds by throwing them so that they scattered in the garden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a big tree + +The word "big" is an exaggeration that contrasts the tree with the tiny seed. AT: "a very large shrub" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# birds of heaven + +"birds of the sky." AT: "birds that fly in the sky" or "birds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/20.md b/luk/13/20.md index 07ab0119e3..fa04352a94 100644 --- a/luk/13/20.md +++ b/luk/13/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +Jesus finishes speaking to the people in the synagogue. This is the end of this part of the story. -## translationNotes +# To what can I compare the kingdom of God? -* Jesus continues speaking in the synagogue. -* **To what will I compare the Kingdom of God?** - This is another rhetorical question that introduces what Jesus wants to talk about it. It can be translated as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **It is like yeast** - Only a little bit of yeast was needed to make a lot of dough rise. This can be made clear as it is in the UDB. -* **three measures of flour** - It can be translated as "a large amount of flour" or with a term that your culture uses for measuring a large amount of flour. +Jesus uses another question to introduce what he is about to teach. AT: "I will tell you another thing that I can compare to the kingdom of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It is like yeast + +Jesus compares the kingdom of God to yeast in bread dough. AT: "The kingdom of God is like yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like yeast + +Only a little bit of yeast was needed to make a lot of dough rise. This can be made clear as it is in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# three measures of flour + +This is a large amount of flour, since each measure was about 13 liters. You may need to use a term that your culture uses to measure flour. AT: "a large amount of flour" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/22.md b/luk/13/22.md index a69a1a6512..bf6d33c5a3 100644 --- a/luk/13/22.md +++ b/luk/13/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus responds to a question by using a metaphor about entering God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Jesus visited each town and village ... and taught them -* **Struggle to enter the narrow door** - "Work hard to go through the narrow doorway." This is part of a metaphor about God's kingdom . In this metaphor, God's kingdom is represented by a house. Jesus was speaking to a group of people. So the "you" implied in this command is plural. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:obe:kt:kingdomofgod]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **the narrow door** - Becoming part of the kingdom is represented by entering the narrow door. The fact that the door is narrow implies that only a few people at a time can go through it. Translate it in a way to keep this restrictive meaning. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is background information that tell us what Jesus had been doing when this event occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# taught them + +Here "town" and "village" are metonyms for the people who lived in them. AT: "taught the people in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are only a few people to be saved? + +This could be stated in active form. AT: "will God save only a few people?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Struggle to enter through the narrow door + +"Work hard to go through the narrow doorway." Jesus is speaking about the entrance to God's kingdom as if it were a small doorway to a house. Since Jesus is talking to a group, the "you" implied in this command is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the narrow door + +The fact that the door is narrow implies that it is difficult to go through it. Translate it in a way to keep this restrictive meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# many will want to enter, but will not be able to enter + +It is implied that they will not be able to enter because of the difficulty of entering. The next verse explains the difficulty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/25.md b/luk/13/25.md index 7856bc6e5b..f23e48ae77 100644 --- a/luk/13/25.md +++ b/luk/13/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Jesus continues to talk about entering into God's kingdom. -## translationNotes +# Once the owner -* Jesus continues talking about entering into God's kingdom. -* **the owner of the house** - This refers to God and can be translated as “God.” -* **you will stand outside** - Jesus was talking to a crowd. The form of "you" is plural (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]). He is addressing them as if they will not enter through the door into the kingdom. -* **Get away from me** - "Go away from me" -* **evil-doers** - doers** - "people who do evil" +"When the owner" + +# the owner of the house + +This refers to the owner of the house with the narrow door in the previous verses. This is a metaphor for God as the ruler of the kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will stand outside + +Jesus was talking to a crowd. The form of "you" is plural. He is addressing them as if they will not enter through the narrow door into the kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# pound the door + +"hit on the door." This is an attempt to gain the owner's attention. + +# Get away from me + +"Go away from me" + +# evildoers + +"people who do evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/28.md b/luk/13/28.md index 4e9a26e775..488eaf6d2e 100644 --- a/luk/13/28.md +++ b/luk/13/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Jesus continues to talk about entering into God's kingdom. This is the end of this conversation. -## translationNotes +# crying and the grinding of teeth -* Jesus continues to talk about going into God's kingdom. -* **but you—you were thrown outside** - "but you yourselves will have been thrown outside" -* **They will arrive** - "People will come" -* **the last are the first** - This is about honor or importance. It can be translated as "Some who are the least important will be the most important" or "Some who are dishonored will be honored." +These actions indicate deep regret and sadness. Your culture may have terms that mean the same thing. + +# when you see + +Jesus continues to speak to the crowd as if they will not enter into the kingdom of heaven. + +# but you are thrown out + +"but you yourselves will have been thrown outside." This can be stated in active form. AT: "but God will have forced you outside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the east, west, north, and south + +This means "from every direction." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# be seated at a table in the kingdom of God + +It was common to speak of the joy in God's kingdom as a feast. AT: "they will feast in the kingdom of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be first ... will be last + +Being first represents being important or honored. AT: "will be the most important ... will be the least important" or "God will honor them ... God will shame them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/31.md b/luk/13/31.md index 0043b15f2b..5fc36c616b 100644 --- a/luk/13/31.md +++ b/luk/13/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +This is the next event in this part of the story. Jesus is still on his way towards Jerusalem, when some Pharisees speak to him about Herod. -## translationNotes +# Shortly after -* **Shortly after** - "Shortly after Jesus finished speaking" -* **Go and leave here because Herod wants to kill you** - Translate this as a warning to Jesus. They were advising him to go somewhere else and be safe. -* **Herod wants to kill you** - "Herod wants to have you killed." Herod would order people to kill Jesus. -* **that fox** - Jesus was calling Herod a fox. A fox is a small wild dog. This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) Herod was not much of a threat at all 2) Herod was deceptive. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **it is not acceptable to kill a prophet away from Jerusalem** - The Jewish leaders killed many of God's prophets in Jerusalem and Jesus knew that they would kill him there too. AT: "It is in Jerusalem that the Jewish leaders kill God's messengers." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +"Soon after Jesus finished speaking" + +# Go and leave here because Herod wants to kill you + +Translate this as a warning to Jesus. They were advising him to go somewhere else and be safe. + +# Herod wants to kill you + +Herod would order people to kill Jesus. AT: "Herod wants to send his men to kill you" + +# that fox + +Jesus was calling Herod a fox. A fox is a small wild dog. Possible meanings are 1) Herod was not much of a threat at all 2) Herod was deceptive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# In any case + +"Nevertheless" or "However" or "Whatever happens" + +# it is not acceptable to kill a prophet away from Jerusalem + +The Jewish leaders claimed to serve God. And yet their ancestors killed many of God's prophets in Jerusalem, and Jesus knew that they would kill him there too. AT: "it is in Jerusalem that the Jewish leaders kill God's messengers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/34.md b/luk/13/34.md index 388852d532..3a851e1f1a 100644 --- a/luk/13/34.md +++ b/luk/13/34.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +Jesus finishes responding to the Pharisees. This is the end of this part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Jerusalem, Jerusalem -* Jesus continues speaking with the Pharisees before going to Jerusalem. -* **Jerusalem, Jerusalem** - Jesus speaks as if the people of Jerusalem were there listening to him. Jesus said this twice to show how sad he was for them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **who kills the prophets and stones those sent to you** - If it would be strange to address the city, you can make it clear that Jesus was really addressing the people in the city: "you people who kill the prophets and stone those God has sent to you" -* **to gather your children** - "to gather your people" or "to gather you" -* **the way a hen gathers her brood under her wings** - This metaphor describes how a hen protects her young from harm by covering them with her wings. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your house is abandoned** - This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) "God has abandoned you" or 2) "Your city is empty." It means that God has stopped protecting the people of Jerusalem, so enemies can attack them and drive them away. This is a prophecy about something that would happen soon. It can be translated as "your house will be abandoned" or "God will abandon you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you will not see me until you say** - "you will not see me until the time comes when you will say" or "the next time you see me, you will say" +Jesus speaks as if the people of Jerusalem were there listening to him. Jesus said this twice to show how sad he was for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# who kills the prophets and stones those sent to you + +If it would be strange to address the city, you can make it clear that Jesus was really addressing the people in the city: "you people who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those sent to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those God has sent to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# How often I desired + +"I so often desired." This is an exclamation and not a question. + +# to gather your children + +The people of Jerusalem are described as her "children." AT: "to gather your people" or "to gather the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the way a hen gathers her brood under her wings + +This describes how a hen protects her young from harm by covering them with her wings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your house is abandoned + +This is a prophecy about something that would happen soon. It means that God has stopped protecting the people of Jerusalem, so enemies can attack them and drive them away. Possible meanings are 1) God will abandon them. AT: "God will abandon you" or 2) their city will be empty. AT: "your house will be abandoned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will not see me until you say + +"you will not see me until the time comes when you will say" or "the next time you see me, you will say" + +# the name of the Lord + +Here "name" refers to the Lord's power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/intro.md b/luk/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a502d45f9d --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Luke 13 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Assumed Knowledge ##### +This chapter begins with references to two events, the details of which have not been preserved ([Luke 13:1-5](./01.md)). Despite this lack of knowledge, the teaching still makes sense to the modern reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "the last are the first, and the first will be last" ([Luke 13:30](./28.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/01.md b/luk/14/01.md index 4f3916d464..113408ed7f 100644 --- a/luk/14/01.md +++ b/luk/14/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +This is the next part of the story. It is the Sabbath and Jesus is at Pharisee's house. Verse 1 gives background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# It happened one Sabbath -* **to eat bread** - "to eat" or "for a meal." Bread was an important part of a meal and is used in this sentence to refer to a meal. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **watching him closely ** - They wanted to see if they could accuse him of doing anything wrong. -* **Behold, there in front of him was a man** - The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There in front of him was a man who was…” -* **was suffering from edema** - Edema is swelling caused by water building up in parts of the body. Some languages may have a name for this condition. This phrase can be translated as “was suffering because parts of his body were swollen with water.” -* **Is it lawful to heal** - "Does the law permit us to heal" +This indicates a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# to eat bread + +"to eat" or "for a meal." Bread was an important part of a meal and is used in this sentence to refer to a meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# watching him closely + +They wanted to see if they could accuse him of doing anything wrong. + +# Behold, there in front of him was a man + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There in front of him was a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# was suffering from edema + +Edema is swelling caused by water building up in parts of the body. Some languages may have a name for this condition. AT: "was suffering because parts of his body were swollen with water" + +# Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath, or not? + +"Does the law permit us to heal on the Sabbath, or does it forbid it?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/04.md b/luk/14/04.md index 577868ffa8..85f4fcf628 100644 --- a/luk/14/04.md +++ b/luk/14/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# But they kept silent -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +The religious leaders refused to answer Jesus' question. -## translationNotes +# So Jesus took hold of him -* **But they kept silent** - The religious leaders refused to answer Jesus' question. -* **Jesus put his hands on the man** - "Jesus touched the man" -* **Which of you who has a son or an ox … will not immediately pull him out** - This was a rhetorical question. He wanted them to admit that they would help their son or ox, even on the Sabbath, so therefore, it was right for him to heal people even on the Sabbath. This can be translated as "If one of you had a son or an ox that fell into a well on the Sabbath, you would surely pull him out immediately." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **They were not able to answer** - This can be translated as "they had nothing to say." It's not that they did not know the answer to Jesus' question. Rather, they knew that he was right and they did not want to say anything about it. +"So Jesus took hold of the man who suffered from edema" + +# Which of you who has a son or an ox ... will not immediately pull him out? + +Jesus uses a question because he wanted them to admit that they would help their son or ox, even on the Sabbath. Therefore, it was right for him to heal people even on the Sabbath. AT: "If one of you has a son or an ox ... you would surely pull him out immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# They were not able to give an answer + +They knew the answer and that Jesus was right, but they did not want to admit that he was correct. AT: "They had nothing to say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/07.md b/luk/14/07.md index b36ff9f26c..cba39b86bb 100644 --- a/luk/14/07.md +++ b/luk/14/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Jesus continues to speak to the guests at the house of the Pharisee who had invited him to a meal. -## translationNotes +# those who were invited -* Jesus continues to speak to the people at the Pharisee's house. -* **the seats of honor** - the seats for people who were given honor -* **and then in shame ** - "Then you will feel ashamed and" +It may be helpful to identify these people, and to state this in active form. AT: "those whom the leader of the Pharisees had invited to the meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the seats of honor + +"the seats for honored people" or "the seats for important people" + +# When you are invited by someone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When someone invites you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When you ... than you ... say to you ... you will proceed + +These occurrences of "you" are singular. Jesus is speaking to the group as if to each individual person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# because someone may have been invited who is more honored than you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the host may have invited a person who is more important than you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# both of you + +This occurrence of "you" refers to the two people who want the same seat of honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# in shame + +"you will feel ashamed and" + +# the lowest place + +"the least important place" or "the place for the least important person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/10.md b/luk/14/10.md index c7054bd3c9..481fab8eb0 100644 --- a/luk/14/10.md +++ b/luk/14/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] +Jesus continues speaking to the people at the Pharisee's house. -## translationNotes +# when you are invited -* Jesus continues speaking to the people at the Pharisee's house. -* **the lowest place** - "the seat meant for the least important person" -* **go up higher** - "Move to a seat higher honor" -* **who exalts himself** - "tries to look important" or "who takes an important position" -* **will be humbled** - "will be shown to be unimportant" or "will be give an unimportant position" -* **humbles himself** - "who chooses to look unimportant" or "who takes an unimportant position" -* **will be exalted** - "will be shown to be important" or "will be given an important position" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when someone invites you to a meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the lowest place + +"the seat meant for the least important person" + +# go up higher + +"move to a seat for a more important person" + +# Then you will be honored + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then the one who invited you will honor you" or "Then those who sit at the table will honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who exalts himself + +"who tries to look important" or "who takes an important position" + +# will be humbled + +"will be shown to be unimportant" or "will be given an unimportant position." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# humbles himself + +"who chooses to look unimportant" or "who takes an unimportant position" + +# will be exalted + +"will be shown to be important" or "will be given an important position." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will exalt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/12.md b/luk/14/12.md index 8f0d382fa0..5d2a849e9a 100644 --- a/luk/14/12.md +++ b/luk/14/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Jesus continues speaking at the Pharisee's house, but addresses his host directly. -## translationNotes +# the man who had invited him -* **as they may** - "because they might" +"the Pharisee who had invited him to his house for a meal" + +# When you give + +"you" is singular because Jesus is speaking directly to the Pharisee that invited him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# do not invite + +This probably does not mean they can never invite these people. More likely it means they should invite others as well. AT: "do not only invite" or "do not always invite" + +# as they may + +"because they might" + +# you will be repaid + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in this way they will repay you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/13.md b/luk/14/13.md index bee3aa8e2a..f76975f239 100644 --- a/luk/14/13.md +++ b/luk/14/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +Jesus continues speaking to the Pharisee who had invited him to his home. -## translationNotes +# invite the poor -* Jesus continues speaking to the Pharisee who had invited him to his home. -* **they cannot repay you** - AT: "they cannot invite you to a banquet in return" -* **in the resurrection of the just** - "when God brings the righteous people back to life" +It may be helpful to add "also" since this statement is probably not exclusive. AT: "also invite the poor" + +# you will be blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they cannot repay you + +"they cannot invite you to a banquet in return" + +# you will be repaid + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will repay you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the resurrection of the just + +This refers to the final judgment. AT: "when God brings the righteous people back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/15.md b/luk/14/15.md index ac36e13fba..7a08d3bb0a 100644 --- a/luk/14/15.md +++ b/luk/14/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +One of the men at the table speaks to Jesus and Jesus responds to him by telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# one of them who sat at the table -* **Blessed is he** - The man was not talking about a specific person. It can also be translated "Blessed is anyone who" or "How good it is for everyone." -* **he who will eat bread** - This can be translated as "who will eat at the meal." The word "bread" is used to refer to the whole meal. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **when the dinner was prepared** - This can be translated as "At the time for the dinner" or "When the dinner was about to begin." -* **those who were invited** - "those he had invited" +This introduces a new person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# Blessed is he + +The man was not talking about a specific person. AT: "Blessed is anyone who" or "How good it is for everyone" + +# he who will eat bread + +The word "bread" is used to refer to the whole meal. AT: "he who will eat at the meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# But Jesus said to him + +Jesus begins telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# A certain man + +This phrase is a way of referring to the man without giving any specific information about his identity. + +# invited many + +"invited many people" or "invited many guests" + +# When the dinner was prepared + +"At the time for the dinner" or "When the dinner was about to begin" + +# those who were invited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those he had invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/18.md b/luk/14/18.md index db54fa5f7f..5c79e7e7a3 100644 --- a/luk/14/18.md +++ b/luk/14/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ox]] +Jesus continues telling his parable. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **to make excuses** - Here it means "to say why they could not come to the dinner." -* **Please excuse me** - "Please forgive me" or "Please accept my apology" -* **five pairs of oxen** - Oxen are cows or bulls that people use to pull heavy loads or do other hard work. Oxen usually work in pairs. -* **married a wife** - Use an expression that is natural in your language. Some languages may say "gotten married" or "taken a wife." +All of the people who were invited gave the servant excuses about why they could not come to the banquet. + +# to make excuses + +"to say why they could not come to the dinner" + +# Please excuse me + +"Please forgive me" or "Please accept my apology" + +# five pairs of oxen + +Oxen were used in pairs to pull farming tools. AT: "10 oxen to work in my fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# married a wife + +Use an expression that is natural in your language. Some languages may say "gotten married" or "taken a wife." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/21.md b/luk/14/21.md index 7d5857a7e8..ca2bacae44 100644 --- a/luk/14/21.md +++ b/luk/14/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# became angry -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"became angry with the people he had invited" -## translationNotes +# bring in here -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **became angry** - "became angry with the people he had invited" -* **The servant said** - It may be necessary to state clearly the implied information that the servant did what the master commanded him as in the UDB: "After the servant went out and did that, he came back and said." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"invite in here to eat the dinner" + +# The servant said + +It may be necessary to state clearly the implied information that the servant did what the master commanded him. AT: "After the servant went out and did that, he came back and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# what you commanded has been done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have done what you commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/23.md b/luk/14/23.md index 15ca4762fa..10c3ed5c45 100644 --- a/luk/14/23.md +++ b/luk/14/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Jesus finishes his parable. -## translationNotes +# the highways and hedges -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **the highways and hedges** - This refers to roads and paths outside of the city. It can be translated as "the main roads and paths outside of the city." -* **those men** - The word here for "men" means "male adults" and not just people in general. -* **who were first invited ** - "whom I first invited" -* **will taste my dinner** - "will enjoy the dinner I have prepared" +This refers to roads and paths outside of the city. AT: "the main roads and paths outside of the city" + +# compel them to come in + +"demand that they come in" + +# that my house may be filled + +"so that people may fill my house" + +# For I say to you + +The word "you" is plural, so it is unclear to whom it is addressed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# those men + +The word here for "men" means "male adults" and not just people in general. + +# who were invited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom I invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will taste my dinner + +"will enjoy the dinner I have prepared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/25.md b/luk/14/25.md index 391c0f614c..094ab2890f 100644 --- a/luk/14/25.md +++ b/luk/14/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] +Jesus begins to teach the crowd that was traveling with him. -## translationNotes +# If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father ... he cannot be my disciple -* **If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father...he cannot be my disciple.** - This can also be expressed positively: "If anyone comes to me, he can be my disciple only if he hates his own father." -* **hate** - This is an exaggeration to show how important it is to love Jesus much more than anyone else. If the hyperbole would be misunderstood, it can be translated as "If anyone comes to me and does not love me more than he loves his father...he cannot be my disciple" or positively as "If anyone comes to me, he can be my disciple only if he loves me more than he loves his own father." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **yes, and his own life also** - "and even his own life" -* **Whoever does not carry his own cross and come after me cannot be my disciple** - This can be expressed positively: "If anyone wants to be my disciple, he must carry his own cross and follow me." -* **carry his own cross** - This means "be willing to die." People who were condemned to die were often forced to carry the cross on which they would be hung and killed. People who followed Christ would have to be willing to suffer persecution that could come. +Here, "hate" is an exaggeration for the lesser love people are to show to people other than Jesus. AT: "If anyone comes to me and does not love me more than he loves his father ... he cannot be my disciple" or "Only if a person loves me more than he loves his own father ... can he be my disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Whoever does not carry his own cross and come after me cannot be my disciple + +This could be stated with positive verbs. AT: "If anyone wants to be my disciple, he must carry his own cross and follow me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# carry his own cross + +Jesus does not mean every Christian must be crucified. The Romans often made people carry their own crosses before they crucified them as a sign of their submission to Rome. This metaphor means they must submit to God and be willing to suffer in any way to be Jesus' disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/28.md b/luk/14/28.md index f88fa58113..885d0a7e21 100644 --- a/luk/14/28.md +++ b/luk/14/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +Jesus continues to explain to the crowd that it is important to count the cost of being a disciple. -## translationNotes +# For which of you, who desires to build a tower, does not first sit down and count the cost to calculate if he has what he needs to complete it? -* Jesus continues speaking to the crowds. -* **For which of you** - This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. Jesus used it to get people to think about what they would do in a particular situation. It can also be translated as a statement: If one of you wanted to build a tower, you would certainly first sit down and count the cost." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **tower** - This may have been a watchtower in a vineyard. Some languages might translate it as "a tall building" or "a high lookout platform." -* **Otherwise** - "If he does not first count the cost" -* **when he has laid the foundation** - "when he has built the base." It can also be translated as "when he started building." +Jesus uses this question to prove that people count the cost of a project before they begin it. AT: "If a person wanted to build a tower, he would certainly first sit down and determine if he had enough money to complete it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# tower + +This may have been a watchtower. AT: "a tall building" or "a high lookout platform." + +# Otherwise + +It may be helpful to give more information. AT: "If he does not first count the cost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# when he has laid a foundation + +"when he has built a base" or "when he has completed the first part of the building" + +# is not able to finish + +It is understood that he was not able to finish because he did not have enough money. This could be stated. AT: "does not have enough money to be able to finish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/31.md b/luk/14/31.md index 1b85eda13b..d5aa2e2d7e 100644 --- a/luk/14/31.md +++ b/luk/14/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ambassador]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +Jesus continues to explain to the crowd that it is important to count the cost of being a disciple. -## translationNotes +# Or -* Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. -* **Or** - Jesus used this word to introduce another situation where people count the cost before making a decision. -* **what king … will not sit down first and take counsel** - This starts off another rhetorical question. It can be translated as as statement: "You know that a king … would sit down first and take counsel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **take counsel** - Possible meanings are 1) "think carefully about" or 2) "listen to his advisors" -* **ten thousand...twenty thousand** - "10,000...20,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **And if not** - "and if he realizes that he will not be able to to defeat the other king" or "If he decided his army could not defeat the other army" (ULB) -* **ambassador** - "messenger" or "representative" -* **anyone of you who does not give up all that he has cannot be my disciple** - This can be expressed positively: "Only those of you who give up all that you have can be my disciples." -* **give up all that he has** - "leave behind all that he has" +Jesus used this word to introduce another situation where people count the cost before making a decision. + +# what king ... will not sit down first and take advice ... men? + +Jesus uses another question to teach the crowd about counting the cost. AT: "you know that a king ... would sit down first and take counsel ... men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# take advice + +Possible meanings are 1) "think carefully about" or 2) "listen to his advisors." + +# ten thousand ... twenty thousand + +"10,000 ... 20,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# If not + +It may be helpful to state more information. AT: "If he realizes that he will not be able to defeat the other king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# conditions of peace + +"terms to end the war" or "what the other king wants him to do in order to end the war" + +# any one of you who does not give up all that he has cannot be my disciple + +This can be stated with positive verbs. AT: "only those of you who give up all that you have can be my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# give up all that he has + +"leave behind all that he has" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/34.md b/luk/14/34.md index 97aaa9920b..8418f00b47 100644 --- a/luk/14/34.md +++ b/luk/14/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Jesus finishes teaching the crowd. -## translationNotes +# Salt is good -* Jesus continues speaking to the crowd following him. -* **Salt is good** - "Salt is useful" -* **how can it be made salty again** - This is a rhetorical question. It can also be translated as "It cannot be made salty again" or "No one can make it salty again." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **for the soil or the manure pile** - "Manure pile" can be translated as "compost heap" or "fertilizer." Manure was used to fertilize gardens and fields. Food that had gone bad could be mixed in with manure. But salt that had lost its flavor could not be used even for that. It was completely useless. -* **He who has ears to hear, let him hear** - This can also be translated as a command: "If you have hears to hear, listen well" or "If you hear what I am saying, pay attention." -* **He who has ears to hear** - “Whoever can hear” or “If anyone hears me” -* **let him hear** - “let him listen well” or “let him pay attention to what I say” +"Salt is useful." Jesus is teaching a lesson about those who want to be his disciple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how can it be made salty again? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the crowd. AT: "it cannot be made salty again." or "no one can make it salty again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# manure pile + +People use manure to fertilize gardens and fields. Salt without taste is so useless it is not even worth mixing with manure. AT: "compost heap" or "fertilizer" + +# It is thrown away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone just throws it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He who has ears to hear, let him hear + +It may be more natural in some languages to use the second person: "You who have ears to hear, hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# He who has ears to hear + +Possible meanings are 1) "Everyone" since everyone has ears or 2) "Whoever has the ability to understand" which refers to those who are willing to listen to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him hear + +"he should listen well" or "he should pay attention to what I say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/intro.md b/luk/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..da7aeedda2 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Luke 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Verse 3 says, "Jesus asked the experts in the Jewish law and the Pharisees, "Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath, or not?" Many times, the Pharisees got angry with Jesus for healing on the Sabbath. In this passage, Jesus dumbfounds the Pharisees. It was normally the Pharisees who tried to trap Jesus. + +##### Abrupt transitions ##### + +This chapter abruptly shifts from one topic to another. There are several large sections comprised of multiple verses and other short teachings contained in a single verse. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Allegory ##### + +Luke [Luke 14:15-24](./15.md) probably functions as an extended metaphor. The kingdom of God can be represented as a wedding feast or dinner. This metaphor would then signify that people reject Jesus for a variety of unimportant reasons and because of this miss out on the great blessing of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted" ([Luke 14:11](./10.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/01.md b/luk/15/01.md index be20a142bc..0d68cca3c7 100644 --- a/luk/15/01.md +++ b/luk/15/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] +This is the next part of the story. We do not know where this take places; it is simply one day when Jesus was teaching. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **This man welcomes sinners** - "This man lets sinners into his presence" or "This man associates with sinners" -* **This man** - They were talking about Jesus. -* **even eats with them** - The word "even" shows that they thought it was bad enough that Jesus allowed sinners to come to him, but it was worse that he would eat with them. +This marks the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# all the tax collectors + +This is an exaggeration to stress that there were very many of them. AT: "many tax collectors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# This man welcomes sinners + +"This man lets sinners into his presence" or "This man associates with sinners" + +# This man + +They were talking about Jesus. + +# even eats with them + +The word "even" shows that they thought it was bad enough that Jesus allowed sinners to come to him, but it was worse that he would eat with them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/03.md b/luk/15/03.md index 75ac8ea535..c50645a9b8 100644 --- a/luk/15/03.md +++ b/luk/15/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Jesus begins to tell several parables. These parables are hypothetical situations about things that anyone could experience. They are not about particular people. The first parable is about what a person would do if one of his sheep was lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# to them -* **Jesus spoke this parable to them** - "To them" refers to the religious leaders. -* **Which one of you . . will not leave the ninety nine . . and go after . . until he finds it?** - This is a rhetorical question. Jesus was reminding the people that if any of them lost one of their sheep, they would certainly go looking for it. This can be translated as a statement as in the UDB. Some languages have ways of showing that this is a hypothetical situation and not a story about a particular person who has lost a sheep. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Which one of you, if he has a hundred sheep** - Since the parable starts with "Which one of you," some languages would continue the parable in the second person "if you have a hundred sheep." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **hundred...ninety-nine** - nine** - "100...99" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here "them" refers to the religious leaders. + +# Which one of you ... will not leave ... until he finds it? + +Jesus uses a question to remind the people that if any of them lost one of their sheep, they would certainly go looking for it. AT: "Each of you ... would certainly leave ... until he finds it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Which one of you, if he has a hundred sheep + +Since the parable starts with "Which one of you," some languages would continue the parable in the second person. AT: "Which one of you, if you have a hundred sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# hundred ... ninety-nine + +"100 ... 99" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# lays it across his shoulders + +This was the way shepherds carried sheep. This could be stated. AT: "lays it across his shoulders to carry it home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/06.md b/luk/15/06.md index e91e97f293..11b0faccca 100644 --- a/luk/15/06.md +++ b/luk/15/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When he comes to the house -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"When the owner of the sheep comes home" or "When you come home." Refer to the owner of the sheep as you did in the previous verse. -## translationNotes +# even so -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **And when he comes to the house** - "When the owner of the sheep comes home" or "And when you come home" (UDB). Refer to the owner of the sheep as you did in the previous verse. -* **I say to you** - The word "I" refers to Jesus. He is speaking to a group of people, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **even so** - "in the same way" or "as the shepherd and his friends and neighbors would rejoice" -* **there will be joy in heaven** - "everyone in heaven will rejoice" -* **ninety-nine righteous persons who do not need to repent** - nine righteous persons who do not need to repent** - "ninety nine people who think that they are righteous and do not need to repent." Jesus was not saying that there really are any righteous people. Rather he was using a figure of speech called irony, because he was talking to people who assumed that they were righteous, but they were not. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +"in the same way" or "as the shepherd and his friends and neighbors would rejoice" + +# there will be joy in heaven + +"everyone in heaven will rejoice" + +# ninety-nine righteous persons who do not need to repent + +Jesus uses sarcasm to say that the Pharisees were wrong to think that they did not need to repent. Your language may have a different way to express this idea. AT: "ninety-nine persons like you, who think they are righteous and do not need to repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# ninety-nine + +"99" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/08.md b/luk/15/08.md index ea33bcbfb5..1546d516f9 100644 --- a/luk/15/08.md +++ b/luk/15/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] +Jesus begins telling another parable. It is about a woman with 10 sliver coins. -## translationNotes +# Or what woman ... would not light a lamp ... and seek diligently until she has found it? -* Jesus continues speaking to the religious leaders. -* **What woman…would not light a lamp…and seek diligently until she has found it?** - This is a rhetorical question. Jesus was reminding the people that if any of them lost a silver coin, they would certainly look for it diligently. This sentence can be translated as “You know that if a woman had ten silver coins and lost one, she would light a lamp, sweep the floor and search carefully until she has found it.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **what woman** - This is a hypothetical situation and not a story about a real woman. Some languages have ways of showing this. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Even so** - "In the same way" or "Just as people would rejoice with the woman" -* **over one sinner who repents** - This can be translated as "when one sinner repents." +Jesus uses a question to remind the people that if any of them lost a silver coin, they would certainly look for it diligently. AT: "Any woman ... would certainly light a lamp ... and seek diligently until she has found it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# if she were to lose + +This is a hypothetical situation and not a story about a real woman. Some languages have ways of showing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Even so + +"In the same way" or "Just as people would rejoice with the woman" + +# over one sinner who repents + +"when one sinner repents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/11.md b/luk/15/11.md index b172466f25..bbd08b6c2a 100644 --- a/luk/15/11.md +++ b/luk/15/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:inherit]] +Jesus begins telling another parable. It is about a young man who asks his father for his part of the inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# A certain man -* **A certain man** - This is the beginning of a parable. Introduce it in a way that is natural in your language. Some languages might say "There was a man who." -* **give me now** - The son wanted his father to give it to him immediately. Languages that have a command form that means that they want it done immediately should use that form. -* **the property I am due to inherit** - "the part of your wealth that you planned to give to me when you die" +This introduces a new character in the parable. Some languages might say "There was a man who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# give me + +The son wanted his father to give it to him immediately. Languages that have a command form that means that they want it done immediately should use that form. + +# the portion of the wealth that falls to me + +"the part of your wealth that you planned for me to receive when you die" + +# between them + +"between his two sons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/13.md b/luk/15/13.md index 82665f6712..54e7b6dda9 100644 --- a/luk/15/13.md +++ b/luk/15/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# gathered together all he owned -* [[en:tw:famine]] +"packed his things" or "put his things in his bag" -## translationNotes +# living recklessly -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **packed up** - "packed his things" or "put his things in his bag" -* **with wildly extravagant living** - This can be translated as "by spending all his money on things he did not need." -* **There a great famine happened** - "There was a severe famine" (UDB) or "there was not enough food" -* **famine** - A famine is a time when there is little food. Often it is the result of little rain and the failure of crops to grow well. -* **to be in need** - "to lack what he needed" or "to not have enough" +"living without thinking about the consequences of his actions" or "living wildly" + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Jesus explains how the younger son went from having plenty to being in need. + +# a severe famine spread through that country + +"a drought occurred there and the entire country did not have enough food" + +# to be in need + +"to lack what he needed" or "to not have enough" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/15.md b/luk/15/15.md index fc0e8087e1..3b3ffadda0 100644 --- a/luk/15/15.md +++ b/luk/15/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He went -* [[en:tw:citizen]] -* [[en:tw:pig]] +The word "he" refers to the younger son. -## translationNotes +# hired himself out to -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **He went** - The word "he" refers to the younger son. -* **hired himself out to** - This can be translated as "took a job with" or "began to work for." -* **one of the citizens of that country** - "a man of that country" -* **to feed pigs** - "to give food to his pigs" -* **would gladly have eaten** - "wished very much that he could eat" -* **bean pods** - These are the husks of beans that grow on the carob tree. This can be translated as "carob pods" or "pods" or "bean husks." +"took a job with" or "began to work for" + +# one of the citizens of that country + +"a man of that country" + +# to feed pigs + +"to give food to the man's pigs" + +# would gladly have eaten + +"wished very much that he could eat." It is understood that this is because he was very hungry. This could be stated. AT: "he was so hungry that he would have happily eaten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# carob pods + +These are the husks of beans that grow on the carob tree. AT: "carob bean pods" or "bean husks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/17.md b/luk/15/17.md index ecd106d0ae..3b4ae5b976 100644 --- a/luk/15/17.md +++ b/luk/15/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# came to himself -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +This idiom means "came to his senses." AT: "clearly understood his situation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# How many of my father's hired servants have more than enough food -* Jesus continues his story. -* **came to himself** - "came to his senses" or "understood his situation" or "began to think clearly" -* **How many of my father's hired hands have more than enough food** - This is part of an exclamation. It can be translated as "All my father's hired servants have more than enough food to eat" (UDB). -* **dying from hunger** - This is probably not an exaggeration. The young man may really have been starving. -* **I have sinned against heaven** - "I have sinned against God." Jewish people sometimes avoided saying the word "God" and used the word "heaven" instead. -* **I am no more worthy to be called your son** - "I am not worthy to be called your son." A son has the legal right to inherit part of his father's property. -* **no more worthy** - "no longer worthy" (UDB). It means that in the past he was worthy, but now he was not. -* **make me as one of your hired servants** - "hire me as an employee" or "hire me and I will become one of your servants" +This is part of an exclamation, and not a question. AT: "All my father's hired servants have more than enough food to eat" + +# dying from hunger + +This is probably not an exaggeration. The young man may really have been starving. + +# I have sinned against heaven + +Jewish people sometimes avoided saying the word "God" and used the word "heaven" instead. AT: "I have sinned against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am no more worthy to be called your son + +"I am not worthy to be called your son." This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am not worthy for you to call me son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no more worthy + +"no longer worthy." It means that in the past he was worthy, but now he was not. + +# make me as one of your hired servants + +"hire me as an employee" or "hire me and I will become one of your servants". This is a request, not a command. It may be helpful to add "please" as the UDB does. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/20.md b/luk/15/20.md index 1b02c5b2b9..4a6517d686 100644 --- a/luk/15/20.md +++ b/luk/15/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# So the young son left and came toward his father -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] +"So he left that country and started going back to his father." The word "so" marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, the young man was in need and had decided to go home. -## translationNotes +# While he was still far away -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **the young son left and came towards his father** - "he left that country and started going back to his father." -* **was moved with compassion** - "had pity on him" or "loved him deeply from his heart" -* **hugged and kissed** - The father did this to show his son that he loved him and was glad that the son was coming home. If people think that it is strange or wrong for a man to hug and kiss his son, you can substitute a way that men in your culture show affection to other men. Or you can translate it more generally as "welcomed him affectionately." -* **sinned against heaven** - "sinned against God" -* **in your sight** - "in your presence." It can be translated as "you have seen me sin" or "and you know about it." +"While he was still far away from his home" or "While he was still far away from his father's house" + +# was moved with compassion + +"had pity on him" or "loved him deeply from his heart" + +# hugged and kissed + +The father did this to show his son that he loved him and was glad that the son was coming home. If people think that it is strange or wrong for a man to hug and kiss his son, you can substitute a way that men in your culture show affection to their sons. AT: "welcomed him affectionately" + +# sinned against heaven + +Jewish people sometimes avoided saying the word "God" and used the word "heaven" instead. See how you translated this in [Luke 15:18](./17.md). AT: "I have sinned against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in your sight + +This idiom means "in your presence" or "against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am not worthy to be called your son + +"I am not worthy to be called your son." This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 15:18](./17.md). AT: "I am not worthy for you to call me son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/22.md b/luk/15/22.md index 29b09b51ae..47800d593a 100644 --- a/luk/15/22.md +++ b/luk/15/22.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# best robe -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"the best robe in the house." AT: "the best coat" or "the best garment" -## translationNotes +# put a ring on his hand -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **best robe** - "the best robe in the house." A robe was a long garment worn over other clothing. In places where robes are not known, it can be translated as "the best coat" or "the best garment." -* **put a ring on his hand** - A ring was a sign of authority that men wore on one of their fingers. -* **sandals** - Sandals are a type of shoe. Where sandals are not known, it can be translated as "shoes." -* **fattened calf** - A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat it. This can be translated as "the best calf" or "the young cow we have been been giving lots of food to" or "the young animal we have been making fat." -* **and kill it** - The implied information that they were to cook the meat can be made clear: "and kill it and cook it." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **my son was dead and is now alive** - This is a metaphor. It can be translated as a simile: "it is as if my son was dead and became alive again" or "I felt like my son had died, but he is alive." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he was lost and is now found** - This is a metaphor. It can be translated as a simile: "It is as if my son was lost and has been found" or "I feel like my son was lost, and has been found" or "my son was lost and has returned home." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +A ring was a sign of authority that men wore on one of their fingers. + +# sandals + +Wealthy people of that time wore sandals. However, in many cultures the modern equivalent would be "shoes." + +# fattened calf + +A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat that calf. AT: "the best calf" or "the young animal we have been making fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# kill it + +The implied information that they were to cook the meat can be made explicit. AT: "kill it and cook it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my son was dead, and now he is alive + +This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he was dead. AT: "it is as if my son was dead and became alive again" or "I felt like my son had died, but he is now alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He was lost, and now he is found + +This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he was lost. AT: "It is as if my son was lost and now I found him" or "My son was lost and has returned home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/25.md b/luk/15/25.md index 61eac70d38..ee52923dc7 100644 --- a/luk/15/25.md +++ b/luk/15/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Jesus starts to tell a new part of the story about the older son. -## translationNotes +# out in the field -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **servant** - The word that is translated here as “servant” is normally translated as “boy.” It may indicate that the servant was very young. -* **what these things might be** - "what was happening" (UDB) -* **the fattened calf** - This can be translated as “the best calf” or “the young bull we have been been giving lots of food to” or “the young animal we have been making fat.” +It is implied that he was out in the field because he was working there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# one of the servants + +The word that is translated here as "servant" is normally translated as "boy." It may indicate that the servant was very young. + +# what these things might be + +"what was happening" + +# the fattened calf + +A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat that calf. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:23](./22.md). AT: "the best calf" or "the young animal we have been making fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/28.md b/luk/15/28.md index aeaca83165..7d76c3e752 100644 --- a/luk/15/28.md +++ b/luk/15/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# these many years -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] +"for many years" -## translationNotes +# I slaved for you -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **never broke a rule of yours** - "never disobeyed any of your commands" or "always obeyed everything you told me to do" (UDB). -* **have a feast** - This can also be translated as "celebrate." -* **your son** - "that son of yours." The older son refers to his brother this way in order to show how angry he is. -* **devoured your living with prostitutes** - This can be translated as "wasted all your wealth on prostitutes" or "thrown away all your money by paying prostitutes." -* **fattened calf** - This can be translated as “the best calf” or “the young bull we have been been giving lots of food to” or “the young animal we have been making fat.” +"I worked extremely hard for you" or "I worked as hard as a slave for you" + +# never broke a rule of yours + +"never disobeyed any of your commands" or "always obeyed everything you told me to do" + +# a young goat + +A young goat was smaller and less expensive than a fatted calf. AT: "even a young goat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your son + +"that son of yours." The older son refers to his brother this way in order to show how angry he is. + +# devoured your living + +Food is a metaphor for money. After one eats food, the food is no longer there and there is nothing to eat. The money that the brother had received was no longer there and there was no more to spend. AT: "wasted all your wealth" or "thrown away all your money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with prostitutes + +Possible meanings are 1) he assumed this is how his brother spent the money or 2) he speaks of prostitutes to exaggerate the sinfulness of his brother's actions in the "country far away" ([Luke 15:13](./13.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# fattened calf + +A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat that calf. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:23](./22.md). AT: "the best calf" or "the young animal we have been making fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/31.md b/luk/15/31.md index a2d88e2667..439106dc04 100644 --- a/luk/15/31.md +++ b/luk/15/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The father said to him -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +The word "him" refers to the older son. -## translationNotes +# this brother of yours -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **this brother of yours** - The father was reminding the older son that the one who just came home was his brother. -* **was dead and is now alive** - This is a metaphor. The son's leaving his family for a long period of time is compared to being dead, and his returning is compared to being alive again. It can be translated as a simile as it is in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he was lost and has now been found** - This is a metaphor. The younger brother's being away from his family for a long period of time is compared to being lost, and his return home is compared to being found. This can be translated as "It is as though he was lost and has now been found" (UDB) or "he was lost and has returned home." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The father was reminding the older son that the one who just came home was his brother. + +# this brother of yours was dead, and is now alive + +This metaphor speaks of the brother being gone as if he was dead. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:24](./22.md). AT: "it was as if this brother of yours was dead and became alive again" or "had died, but he is now alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he was lost, and has now been found + +This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he was lost. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:24](./22.md). AT: "it is as if this brother of yours was lost and now I found him" or "this brother of yours was lost and has returned home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/intro.md b/luk/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..37a03c4c0e --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Luke 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### The parable of the prodigal son ##### +Luke [Luke 15:13-32](./13.md) form a single parable, known as the parable of the prodigal son. There are three figures in the story. It is generally agreed that the father represents God (the Father), the sinful younger son represents those who repent and come to faith in Jesus, and the self-righteous older son represents the Pharisees. The forgiveness shown to the lost and sinful son becomes a stumbling block for the older son, causing him to reject the father. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Sinners" ##### +The Pharisees refer to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality the leaders were also sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/01.md b/luk/16/01.md index 8b56defba9..317d30c008 100644 --- a/luk/16/01.md +++ b/luk/16/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Jesus begins telling another parable. It is about a master and the manager of his debtors. This is still the same part of the story and the same day that began in [Luke 15:3](../15/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Jesus also said to the disciples -* Jesus continues to speak to the people. -* **And Jesus also said to his disciples** - The last section was directed at Pharisees and scribes, though Jesus' disciples may have been part of the crowd listening. -* **it was reported to him** - "people reported to the rich man" -* **squandering his possessions** - "scattering his possessions" or "foolishly spending the rich man's wealth" -* **What is this I hear about you** - This is a rhetorical question. The rich man is saying, "I have heard what you are doing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Give an account of your management** - This could also be translated as, "Set things in order to pass on to someone else" or "Straighten things up to hand over" or "Prepare the records you have written about my money." +The last section was directed at Pharisees and scribes, though Jesus' disciples may have been part of the crowd listening. + +# There was a certain rich man + +This introduces a new character in the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# it was reported to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people reported to the rich man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wasting his possessions + +"foolishly spending the rich man's wealth" + +# What is this that I hear about you? + +The rich man uses a question to scold the manager. AT: "I have heard what you are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Give an account of your management + +"Set your records in order to pass on to someone else" or "Prepare the records you have written about my money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/03.md b/luk/16/03.md index 594e17dec9..346ed4b5b4 100644 --- a/luk/16/03.md +++ b/luk/16/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# What should I do ... job? -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +The manager asks this question of himself, as a means of reviewing his options. AT: "I need to think about what I should do ... job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# my master -* Jesus continues telling his story. -* **What should I do?** - The manager asks this of himself, as a means of reviewing his options. -* **my master** - This refers to the wealthy man. It could also be translated as "my employer." The manager was not a slave. -* **I do not have strength to dig** - "I am not strong enough to dig the ground" or "I am not able to dig" -* **when I am removed from my management job** - This could also be translated as, "when I lose my management job." +This refers to the wealthy man. The manager was not a slave. AT: "my employer" + +# I do not have strength to dig + +"I am not strong enough to dig the ground" or "I am not able to dig" + +# when I am removed from my management job + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when I lose my management job" or "when my master takes away my management job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# people will welcome me into their houses + +This implies that those people will provide a job, or other things that he needs to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/05.md b/luk/16/05.md index 28b41d7cf4..c88d13e9f5 100644 --- a/luk/16/05.md +++ b/luk/16/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# his master's debtors -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +"the people who were in debt to his master" or "the people who owed his mater something." In this story the debtors owed olive oil and wheat. -## translationNotes +# He said ... He said to him -* Jesus continues telling his story. -* **his master's debtors** - "the people who were in debt to his master" or "the people who owed his mater something." In this story the debtors owed olive oil and wheat. -* **he called...he asked** - “the manager called...the manager asked” -* **a hundred measures of olive oil ** - "around 3400 liters of olive oil" -* **hundred...fifty...eighty** - "100...50...80" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **he said...he said to him** - “the debtor said...the manager said to the debtor” -* **a hundred measures of wheat** - "around 22,000 dry liters of wheat grain" -* **he said...he said...he said to him** - “the manager said...the debtor said...the manager said to the debtor” +"The debtor said ... the manager said to the debtor" + +# A hundred baths of olive oil + +This was about 3,000 liters of olive oil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# hundred ... fifty ... eighty + +"100 ... 50 ... 80" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Take your bill + +A "bill" is a piece of paper that tells how much someone owes. + +# the manager said to another ... He said ... He said to him + +"the manager said to another debtor ... The debtor said ... The manager said to the debtor" + +# A hundred cor of wheat + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "twenty thousand liters of wheat" or "a thousand baskets of wheat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# write eighty + +"eighty kor of wheat." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "write sixteen thousand liters" or "write eight hundred baskets" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/08.md b/luk/16/08.md index d8d7145278..bbc9d1a67a 100644 --- a/luk/16/08.md +++ b/luk/16/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus finishes telling the parable about the master and the manager of his debtors. In verse 9, Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -## translationNotes +# The master then commended -* Jesus continues telling his story. -* **the master ... commended** - The debtors whose debts the manager had lowered would probably have thought that the master had ordered the manager to lower them, so they would have praised the master for being generous. -* **commended** - "praised" or "spoke well of" or "approved of" -* **he had acted shrewdly** - "he had acted cleverly" or "he had done a sensible thing" -* **the sons of this world** - This refers to those like the unrighteous manager who do not know or care about God. It could also be translated as "the people of this world" or "worldly people." -* **the sons of the light** - This refers to righteous people who have nothing to hide. It can also be translated as "the people of the light" or "the people who live in the light. -* **And I say to you** - "I" refers to Jesus. Jesus has finished telling his story. The phrase "I say to you" marks his change to telling the people how to apply it to their lives. -* **worldly wealth** - This refers to physical wealth. It includes clothing, food, money, precious items. -* **eternal dwellings** - This refers to heaven, where God lives. +The text does not say how the master learned of the manager's action. + +# commended + +"praised" or "spoke well of" or "approved of" + +# he had acted shrewdly + +"he had acted cleverly" or "he had done a sensible thing" + +# the children of this world + +This refers to those like the unrighteous manager who do not know or care about God. AT: "the people of this world" or "worldly people" + +# the children of light + +This refers to righteous people who have nothing to hide. AT: "the people of the light" or "the people who live in the light" + +# I say to you + +"I" refers to Jesus. The phrase "I say to you" marks the end of the story and now Jesus tells the people how to apply the story to their lives. + +# make friends for yourselves by means of unrighteous money + +The focus here is on using the money to help other people. AT: "make friends for yourselves by helping them with unrighteous money" + +# by means of unrighteous money + +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money "unrighteous" because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. AT: "by using even money that you earned dishonestly" or 2) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money "unrighteous" because it has no eternal value. AT: "by using money, which has no eternal value" or "by using worldly money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# they may welcome + +This may refer to 1) God in heaven, who is pleased that you used money to help people, or 2) the friends you helped with your money . + +# eternal dwellings + +This refers to heaven, where God lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/10.md b/luk/16/10.md index 2f00721def..353d203397 100644 --- a/luk/16/10.md +++ b/luk/16/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He who is faithful -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"People who are faithful." This would include women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## translationNotes +# faithful in very little -* Jesus continues teaching the people. -* **Therefore** - This could also be translated as, "Because of that" or "So in line with this principle." -* **who will trust you with true wealth? ** - This is a rhetorical question. It could also be translated as "no one will trust you with true wealth" or "no one will give you true wealth to manage." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who will give you that which is your own** - This is also a rhetorical question. It could also be translated as "no one will give you wealth for yourself." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"faithful even with small things." Make sure this does not sound like they are not very faithful. + +# unrighteous in very little + +"unrighteous even in small things." Make sure this does not sound like they are not often unrighteous. + +# unrighteous money + +See how you translated this in [Luke 16:09](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money "unrighteous" because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. AT: "even money that you earned dishonestly" or 2) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money "unrighteous" because it has no eternal value. AT: "money, which has no eternal value" or "by using worldly money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# who will trust you with true wealth? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "no one will trust you with true wealth." or "no one will give you true wealth to manage." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# true wealth + +This refers to wealth that is more genuine, real, or lasting than money. + +# who will give you money of your own? + +Jesus uses this question to teach the people. AT: "no one will give you wealth for yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/13.md b/luk/16/13.md index ed481eab57..35cec26a77 100644 --- a/luk/16/13.md +++ b/luk/16/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# No servant can -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"A servant cannot" -## translationNotes +# serve two masters -* Jesus continues to teach the people. -* **No servant can** - This can also be translated as, "A servant cannot." -* **he will hate** - "the servant will hate" -* **devoted** - "dedicated" or "loyal" -* **despise the other** - "hold the other in contempt" or "sneer at at other" or "hate the other" -* **You cannot serve** - Jesus was talking to a group of people, so languages that have a plural form of "you" would use that. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **serve** - "be a slave to" +It is implied that he cannot "serve two different masters at the same time" + +# for either he will ... or else he will + +These two clauses are essentially the same. The only significant difference is that the first master is hated in the first clause, but the second master is hated in the second clause. + +# he will hate + +"the servant will hate" + +# devoted + +"dedicated." This means essentially the same as "love" in the previous clause. + +# despise the other + +"hold the other in contempt" or "hate the other" + +# despise + +This means essentially the same as "hate" in the previous clause. + +# You cannot serve + +Jesus was talking to a group of people, so languages that have a plural form of "you" would use that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/14.md b/luk/16/14.md index 168d345889..d8ad53af87 100644 --- a/luk/16/14.md +++ b/luk/16/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:detestable]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +This is a break in Jesus teachings, as verse 14 tells us background information about how the Pharisees ridiculed Jesus. In verse 15, Jesus continues teaching and responds to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* **who were lovers of money** - "who loved money" or "who loved having money" or "who where very greedy for money" -* **they ridiculed him** - This can also be translated as "the Pharisees ridiculed Jesus." -* **And he said to them** - "And Jesus said to the Pharisees" -* **You justify yourselves in the sight of men** - "You try to make yourselves look good to people" -* **God knows you hearts** - "God understands your true desires" or "God knows your motives" -* **That which is exalted among men** - This can also be translated as "Those things that men think are very important." -* **is detestable in the sight of God** - This can also be translated as "God hates" or "are things that God hates." +This word marks a shift to the background information. + +# who were lovers of money + +"who loved having money" or "who where very greedy for money" + +# they ridiculed him + +"the Pharisees ridiculed Jesus" + +# He said to them + +"And Jesus said to the Pharisees" + +# You justify yourselves in the sight of men + +"You try to make yourselves look good to people" + +# God knows your hearts + +Here "hearts" refers to the desires of people. AT: "God understands your true desires" or "God knows your motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# That which is exalted among men + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Those things that men think are very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is detestable in the sight of God + +"God hates" or "are things that God hates" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/16.md b/luk/16/16.md index 0eb8c8cd20..ecac62063e 100644 --- a/luk/16/16.md +++ b/luk/16/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The law and the prophets -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +This refers to all of God's word that had been written up to that time. -## translationNotes +# John came -* Jesus continues teaching the Pharisees. -* **The law and the prophets** - This refers to all of God's word that had been written up to that time. -* **John came** - This could be translated as "John the Baptist came and preached." -* **the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached** - This could also be translated as "we are teaching people about the gospel of the kingdom of God." -* **everyone tries to force their way into it** - This could be translated as “many people are doing everything they can to enter it.” This refers to the people who were listening to and accepting the teaching of Jesus. -* **it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for** - “just as you know that heaven and earth cannot pass away, you can be sure that” -* **one stroke of a letter** - "the smallest part of a letter." This could also be translated as "the smallest detail of the law." -* **to become invalid** - "to be removed from the law" +This refers to John the Baptist. AT: "John the Baptist came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am teaching people about the gospel of the kingdom of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everyone tries to force their way into it + +This refers to the people who were listening to and accepting the teaching of Jesus. AT: "many people are doing everything they can to enter it" + +# it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for one stroke of a letter of the law to become invalid + +This contrast could be stated in the reverse order. AT: "even the smallest stroke of the letter of the law will last longer than heaven and earth will exist" + +# than for one stroke of a letter + +A "stroke" is the smallest part of a letter. It refers to something in the law that may seem to be insignificant. AT: "than for even the smallest detail of the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# become invalid + +"end" or "cease to exist" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/18.md b/luk/16/18.md index 743012561b..7bbe66ef11 100644 --- a/luk/16/18.md +++ b/luk/16/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Everyone who divorces his wife -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] +"Anyone who divorces his wife" or "Any man who divorces his wife" -## translationNotes +# commits adultery -* Jesus continues speaking to the people.Since this is an example of a law that has not changed, this verse could also start with "For example." -* **Everyone who divorces his wife** - "Anyone who divorces his wife" or "Any man who divorces his wife" or "If a man divorces his wife" -* **commits adultery** - "Is guilty of adultery" -* **he who marries one** - "any man who marries a woman" or "if a man marries a woman" +"is guilty of adultery" + +# he who marries one + +"any man who marries a woman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/19.md b/luk/16/19.md index 858f509f24..a092c7c5c0 100644 --- a/luk/16/19.md +++ b/luk/16/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beg]] +As Jesus continues teaching the people he begins to tell a story. It is about a rich man and Lazarus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to speak. -* **a certain rich man** - It is not clear if this was a real person, or simply a story that Jesus told in order to make a point. -* **who was clothed in purple and fine linen** - "who wore clothing made with fine linen and purple dye" or "who wore very expensive clothes." Purple dye and fine linen cloth were very expensive. -* **was enjoying every day his great wealth** - This could be translated as "was feasting every day" or "enjoyed eating expensive food every day" or "spent much money and bought whatever he desired." -* **a certain beggar named Lazarus was laid at his gate** - "people had laid a certain beggar named Lazarus at his gate" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **beggar** - "a poor man who had to beg people for food" -* **at his gate** - "at the gate to the rich man's house" or "at the entrance to the rich man's property" -* **covered with sores** - "with sores all over his body." -* **yearned to be fed with** - "wished to eat" or "wished he would be allowed to eat" -* **what fell from the rich man's table** - This could also be translated as "crumbs of food that accidentally fell from the rich man's table as he was eating" or "the leftover food that was thrown from the rich man's table." -* **And besides that** - This could also be translated as "In addition to that" or "Even." This shows that what follows is even worse than what has already be told about Lazarus. -* **dogs** - Dogs were an unclean animal. Lazarus was too sick and weak to stop the dogs from licking his wounds. +These verses give background information about the story Jesus begins to tell about the rich man and Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now + +This marks a shift in Jesus' speech as he begins to tell a story that will help people understand what he was teaching them. + +# a certain rich man + +This phrase introduces a person in Jesus' story. It is not clear if this was a real person, or simply a story that Jesus told in order to make a point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# who was clothed in purple and fine linen + +"who wore clothing made with fine linen and purple dye" or "who wore very expensive clothes." Purple dye and fine linen cloth were very expensive. + +# was enjoying every day his great wealth + +"enjoyed eating expensive food every day" or "spent much money and bought whatever he desired" + +# A certain beggar named Lazarus was laid at his gate + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People had laid a certain beggar named Lazarus at his gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# A certain beggar named Lazarus + +This phrase introduces another person in Jesus' story. It is not clear if this was a real person, or simply a story that Jesus told in order to make a point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# at his gate + +"at the gate to the rich man's house" or "at the entrance to the rich man's property" + +# covered with sores + +"with sores all over his body" + +# longing to eat what fell + +"he wished he could eat the scraps of food that fell" + +# Even the dogs came + +The word "Even" here shows that what follows is worse than what has already been told about Lazarus. AT: "In addition to that, the dogs came" or "Worse yet, the dogs came" + +# dogs + +The Jews considered dogs to be unclean animals. Lazarus was too sick and weak to stop the dogs from licking his wounds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/22.md b/luk/16/22.md index 6ed13a689c..8ed97b4908 100644 --- a/luk/16/22.md +++ b/luk/16/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about that -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:torment]] +This phrase is used here to mark an event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# was carried away by the angels -* Jesus continues telling his story. -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **and was carried by the angels to Abraham's chest** - "and the angels carried Lazarus to Abraham's chest" -* **Abraham's chest** - Apparently Abraham and Lazarus were reclining next to each other at a feast, and Lazarus's head was close to Abraham's chest. This was the Greek style of feasting for invited guests. This phrase could also be translated as "at Abraham's side" or "next to Abraham" or "reclining next to Abraham" or "sitting next to Abraham." -* **being in torment** - "where he was continually afflicted" or "while he was suffering severe pain" -* **he lifted up his eyes** - This is a metaphor that means "he looked up." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and Lazarus by his chest** - This could also be translated as "and Lazarus reclining next to Abraham" or "and Lazarus sitting close to him" or "and Lazarus with him." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the angels carried him away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to Abraham's side ... at his side + +This implies that Abraham and Lazarus were reclining next to each other at a feast, in the Greek style of feasting. The joy in heaven is often represented in the scriptures by the idea of a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in Hades, being in torment + +"he went to Hades, where suffering in terrible pain" + +# he lifted up his eyes + +This idiom means "he looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/24.md b/luk/16/24.md index afea3145c5..249bca711d 100644 --- a/luk/16/24.md +++ b/luk/16/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he cried out and said -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:anguish]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +"the rich man called out to say" or "he shouted out to Abraham" -## translationNotes +# Father Abraham -* Jesus continues telling his story. -* **And he cried out and said** - "and the rich man called out to say" or "he yelled out to Abraham" -* **Father Abraham** - Abraham was the rich man's ancestor. -* **have mercy on me** - This can be translated as "please have pity on me," or "please be merciful to me." -* **and send Lazarus** - This can be translated as "by sending Lazarus" or "Please send Lazarus to me" or "and tell Lazarus to come to me." -* **he may dip the tip of his finger** - This indicates the smallness of the amount requested. This can be translated as "he may wet the tip of his finger." -* **I am in anguish in this flame** - "I am in terrible pain in this flame" or "I am suffering terribly in this fire" +Abraham was the ancestor of all the Jews, including the rich man. + +# have mercy on me + +"please have pity on me" or "please be merciful to me" + +# and send Lazarus + +"by sending Lazarus" or "and tell Lazarus to come to me" + +# he may dip the tip of his finger + +This indicates the smallness of the amount requested. AT: "he may wet the tip of his finger" + +# I am in anguish in this flame + +"I am in terrible pain in this flame" or "I am suffering terribly in this fire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/25.md b/luk/16/25.md index ed950e991a..e61fd030c2 100644 --- a/luk/16/25.md +++ b/luk/16/25.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Child -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] +The rich man was one of Abraham's descendants. -## translationNotes +# good things -* Jesus continues telling his story. -* **Child** - The rich man was also one of Abraham's descendants. -* **good things** - "fine things" or "pleasant things" -* **in like manner evil things** - This can also be translated as "received evil things" or "received things that caused him to suffer." -* **agony** - "acute pain" -* **And besides all this** - "in addition to this reason" -* **a great chasm has been firmly placed** - This can also be translated as "God has placed a huge ravine between you and us" (UDB). -* **a great chasm** - "a steep, deep and wide valley" or "a big separation" or "a huge ravine" (UDB) -* **those who want to cross over** - "those people who want to cross over the chasm" or "if anyone wants to cross over" +"fine things" or "pleasant things" + +# in like manner evil things + +"in like manner received evil things" or "in like manner received things that caused him to suffer" + +# in like manner + +This refers the fact that they both received something while they lived on earth. It is not saying that what they received was the same. AT: "while he was living received" + +# he is comforted here + +"he is comfortable here" or "he is happy here" + +# in agony + +"suffering" + +# Besides all this + +"In addition to this reason" + +# a great chasm has been put in place + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has placed a huge ravine between you and us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a great chasm + +"a steep, deep and wide valley" or "a big separation" or "a huge ravine" + +# those who want to cross over + +"those people who want to cross over the chasm" or "if anyone wants to cross over" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/27.md b/luk/16/27.md index ed22a7e936..45dc701a92 100644 --- a/luk/16/27.md +++ b/luk/16/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# that you would send him to my father's house -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +"that you would tell Lazarus to go to my father's house" or "please, send him to my father's house" -## translationNotes +# my father's house -* Jesus continues telling his story. -* **that you would send him to my father's house** - This could be translated as "that you would tell Lazarus to go to my father's house" or "Please, send him to my father's house." -* **my father's house** - "my family." This probably does not refer to a physical house. The rich man wants Lazarus to warn his family members, even if they do not live in the same house as his father. -* **in order that he may warn them** - This could be translated as "Tell Lazarus to warn them." -* **for fear that they also come** - This could be translated as "so that they do not also come" (UDB) or "If they are not warned, they might come." Since it is implied that the way they would avoid going there is by repenting, this implied information could be made clear, as in "so that they might repent and not come." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **this place of torment** - This could be translated as "this place where we suffer torment" or "this place where we suffer terrible pain" or "this place where we are tortured." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This refers to the people in the house. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in order that he may warn them + +"so that Lazarus may warn them" + +# for fear that they also come + +It is implied that the way they would avoid going there is by repenting. AT: "and they might repent and not come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for fear that + +This idiom means he does not want this to happen. AT: "so that they will not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this place of torment + +"this place where we suffer torment" or "this place where we suffer terrible pain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/29.md b/luk/16/29.md index fbc1c3f3d8..e8f0a5e738 100644 --- a/luk/16/29.md +++ b/luk/16/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +Jesus finishes telling the story about the rich man and Lazarus. -## translationNotes +# They have Moses and the prophets -* **They have Moses and the prophets** - "your brothers have what Moses and the prophets wrote." This could also be translated as "They have heard what Moses and the prophets wrote." -* **Let them listen to them** - "Your brothers should pay attention to Moses and the prophets" -* **if someone would go to them from the dead** - This could be translated as "if a person who has died would go to them" or "if someone who has died would go and warn them." -* **If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets** - "If they do not pay attention to what Moses and the prophets wrote" -* **neither will they be persuaded** - "they will not be convinced" or "they will not believe" +It is implied that Abraham refused to send Lazarus to the rich man's brothers. This could be stated. AT: "No, I will not do that, because your brothers have what Moses and the prophets wrote long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Moses and the prophets + +This refers to their writings. AT: "what Moses and the prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let them listen to them + +"your brothers should pay attention to Moses and the prophets" + +# if someone would go to them from the dead ones + +This describes a situation that has not happened, but that the rich man would like to happen. AT: "if a person who has died would go to them" or "if someone who has died would go and warn them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets + +Here "Moses and the prophets" represent the things that they wrote. AT: "If they do not pay attention to what Moses and the prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# neither will they be persuaded if someone rises from the dead ones + +Abraham states what would happen if the hypothetical situation occurred. It can be stated in active form. AT: "neither will a person who comes back from the dead be able to convince them" or "they will not believe even if a person comes back from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/intro.md b/luk/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..34afd70b9c --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Luke 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Abraham's side" ##### +Abraham's side, in Luke [Luke 16:22](./22.md), is also known as Abraham's bosom. Many people view this as a place where the righteous dead went when they died. This is because their sins were only covered until they were eventually paid for by the death of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Jesus' teaching about divorce ##### + +In this chapter, Jesus teaches about divorce as a response to a challenge from the Pharisees. Jesus bases his teaching on God's original intentions in creating marriage. Jesus implicitly shows the mistakes that the religious leaders made in their traditions about marriage. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Allusion ##### +Abraham is recorded as saying "neither will they be persuaded if someone rises from the dead." This is an allusion to the fact that Jesus will soon rise from the dead and they will not be persuaded by this fact. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The law and the prophets were in effect until John came" ##### +The phrase does not mean the regulations of the law of Moses ended during the time of John the Baptist. It is clear from the gospels that Jesus lived and ministered under the law. What has changed was the message being proclaimed. This is why the UDB states, "The laws that God gave Moses and what the prophets wrote were proclaimed until John the Baptizer came." (See: [Luke 16:16](./16.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/01.md b/luk/17/01.md index a2726e4f39..f18f037915 100644 --- a/luk/17/01.md +++ b/luk/17/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Jesus continues teaching, but he directs his attention back to his disciples. This is still the same part of the story and the same day that began in [Luke 15:3](../15/03.md). -## translationNotes +# It is certain there will be things that can cause us to sin -* **It is certain that things that cause sin will come** - This could be translated as "Things that tempt people to sin will certainly happen" (UDB) or "It is impossible to prevent temptation from coming" or "It is impossible to stop things that tempt people to sin." -* **to him through whom they come** - "to anyone who causes the temptations to come" or "to any person who causes people to be tempted" -* **if a millstone were put around his neck and he were thrown** - This could also be translated with active clauses: "if they were to put a millstone around his neck and throw him" or "if someone were to put a heavy stone around his neck and push him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a millstone** - This is a very large, heavy circular stone used for grinding wheat grain into flour. It could be translated as "a heavy stone." -* **these little ones** - This could be translated as "little children" or "these people whose faith is small." -* **to stumble** - This could be translated as "to sin." +"Things that tempt people to sin will certainly happen" + +# to that person through whom they come + +"to anyone who causes the temptations to come" or "to any person who causes people to be tempted" + +# It would be better for him if + +This introduces a hypothetical situation. It means that this person's punishment for causing people to sin will be worse than if they had drowned in the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if a millstone were put around his neck and he were thrown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if they were to put a millstone around his neck and throw him" or "if someone were to put a heavy stone around his neck and push him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for him ... his neck ... he were ... he should + +These terms refer to women as well as to men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# a millstone + +This is a very large, heavy circular stone used for grinding wheat grain into flour. AT: "a heavy stone" + +# these little ones + +This here refers to people whose faith is still weak. AT: "these people whose faith is small" + +# to stumble + +This was a way of referring to unintentional sin. AT: "to sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/03.md b/luk/17/03.md index d41da4870b..e8021f3ba5 100644 --- a/luk/17/03.md +++ b/luk/17/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# If your brother sins -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This is a conditional statement that talks about an event that will probably happen in the future. -## translationNotes +# your brother -* **If your brother sins** - This is a conditional statement that talks about an event that will probably happen in the future. -* **your brother** - This normally includes "your fellow-believer" as well as actual "brothers" who were born to the same mother and father. -* **rebuke him** - "warn him strongly" or "tell him strongly that what he did was wrong" or "correct him" -* **If he sins against you seven times** - This is a hypothetical future situation. It may never happen, but even if it does, Jesus tells people to forgive. -* **seven times in the day** - This could be translated as "many times in a day." The number seven in the Bible is a symbol for completeness. +"brother" is here used in the sense of someone with the same belief. AT: "a fellow believer" + +# rebuke him + +"tell him strongly that what he did was wrong" or "correct him" + +# If he sins against you seven times + +This is a hypothetical future situation. It may never happen, but even if it does, Jesus tells people to forgive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# seven times in the day + +The number seven in the Bible is a symbol for completeness. AT: "many times in a day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/05.md b/luk/17/05.md index df59190487..712f30afc1 100644 --- a/luk/17/05.md +++ b/luk/17/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +There is a brief break in Jesus' teachings as the disciples speak to him. Then Jesus continues teaching. -## translationNotes +# Increase our faith -* **Increase our faith** - "Please give us more faith" or "Please add more faith to our faith" -* **If you had faith as a mustard seed** - This could be translated as "If you had faith that was even as small as mustard seed" or "If only your faith was as big as a mustard seed, but it isn't." The construction of the phrase implies that they did not, in fact, have faith that was even the size of a mustard seed. -* **a sycamore tree** - “a sycamore fig tree.” It produces small round fruit about 2.5 centimeters across. This can be translated simply as “a fig tree” or “a tree.” -* **be uprooted, and be planted in the sea** - This could be translated as "uproot yourself and plant yourself in the sea" or "take your roots out of the ground, and put your roots down into the ocean." -* **it would obey you** - "the tree would obey you" This result is conditional. It would happen only if they had faith. +"Please give us more faith" or "Please add more faith to our faith" + +# If you had faith as a mustard seed + +A "mustard seed" is a very small seed. Jesus implies that they did not have even a small amount of faith. AT: "If you had faith that was even as small as a mustard seed" or "If only your faith was as big as a mustard seed, but it is not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this mulberry tree + +If this type of tree is not familiar, it may be helpful to substitute another type of tree. AT: "a fig tree" or "a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Be uprooted, and be planted in the sea + +These can be stated in active form. AT: "Uproot yourself and plant yourself in the sea" or "Take your roots out of the ground, and put your roots down into the ocean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it would obey you + +"the tree would obey you." This result is conditional. It would happen only if they had faith. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/07.md b/luk/17/07.md index e4f53a64b6..c0c7b03799 100644 --- a/luk/17/07.md +++ b/luk/17/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But which of you ... will say to him ... sit down to eat'? -* [[en:tw:plow]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Jesus asks his disciples a question to help them think about the role of a servant. This could be a statement. AT: "But any of you ... will not say to him ... sit down to eat'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# a servant plowing or keeping sheep -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **But which of you** - "But who among you" or "But which one of you" This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. It could be translated as a statement starting with "If one of you" or "Suppose that one of you." See the UDB for an example of how to do this. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **which of you who has a servant** - Jesus was asking a group of people about what one of them might do if a certain situation were to come up. It could be translated as "But which of you, if you have servant." -* **a servant plowing or tending sheep** - "a servant that plows your field or takes care of your sheep" -* **But will he not say to him** - This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as "But instead you would say to him" or "Instead, this is what you will say to him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **put a belt around your clothes and serve me** - "tie your clothes at your waist and serve me" or "dress up properly and take care of me" People would tie their clothes closely around their waist so that their clothes would not get in their way while they worked. -* **Then afterwards** - "Then after you serve me" +"a servant that plows your field or takes care of your sheep" + +# Will he not say to him ... eat and drink'? + +Jesus uses a second question explain how the disciples would actually treat a servant. This can be a statement. AT: "He will certainly say to him ... eat and drink'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# put a belt around your clothes and serve me + +"tie your clothes at your waist and serve me" or "dress up properly and take care of me." People would tie their clothes closely around their waist so that their clothes would not get in their way while they worked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then afterward + +"Then after you serve me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/09.md b/luk/17/09.md index f2db340917..2fdfbf70f6 100644 --- a/luk/17/09.md +++ b/luk/17/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Jesus finishes teaching. This is the end of this part of the story. -## translationNotes +# He does not thank the servant ... commanded, does he? -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **He does not thank** - Depending on how you translated the previous two verses, this could also be translated as "He would not thank" or "You would not thank." -* **the things that were commanded** - "the things you commanded him to do" -* **does he?** - This could be translated as "right?" or "Isn't this true?" With this rhetorical question, Jesus encourages his disciples to acknowledge that what he is saying is obviously true. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]].) -* **you also** - Jesus was speaking to his disciples, so languages that have a plural form of "you" would use it. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **should say** - "should say to God" -* **We are unworthy servants** - This could be translated as "We are ordinary slaves" or "We servants to do not deserve your praise." +Jesus uses this question to show how people treat servants. This can be a statement. AT: "He would not thank the servant ... commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the things that were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things you commanded him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# does he? + +"right?" or "is this not true?" + +# you also + +Jesus was speaking to his disciples, so languages that have a plural form of "you" would use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# that you are commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God has commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We are unworthy servants + +This is an exaggeration to express that they did not do anything worthy of praise. AT: "We are ordinary slaves" or "We servants do not deserve your praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/11.md b/luk/17/11.md index 8761b3d1d1..232e0c365e 100644 --- a/luk/17/11.md +++ b/luk/17/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus heals 10 men of leprosy. Verses 11 and 12 give background information and the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# It came about that -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **as they were on the way to Jerusalem** - "as they were traveling to Jerusalem" -* **there he was met by ten men who were lepers** - This can be translated with an active verb: "ten men who were lepers met him" or "ten men who had leprosy met him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they lifted up their voices** - This means "they called with a loud voice" or "they called aloud." -* **Master** - The word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” -* **have mercy on us** - This can be translated as "please show us mercy by healing us." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# as he traveled to Jerusalem + +"as Jesus and the disciples were traveling to Jerusalem" + +# a certain village + +This phrase does not identify the village. + +# there he was met by ten men who were lepers + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "ten men who were lepers met him" or "ten men who had leprosy met him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They stood far away from him + +This was a respectful gesture, because lepers were not allowed to approach other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they lifted up their voices + +This idiom means to speak loudly. AT: "they called with a loud voice" or "they called aloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have mercy on us + +They were specifically asking to be healed. AT: "please show us mercy by healing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/14.md b/luk/17/14.md index 0eeb2e2b9c..01822a8b4f 100644 --- a/luk/17/14.md +++ b/luk/17/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# show yourselves to the priests -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +Lepers were required to have the priests verify that their leprosy was healed. AT: "show yourselves to the priests so they can examine you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they were cleansed -* **Go and show yourselves to the priests** - The implicit information, "so they can examine you" can be stated clearly. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **And it came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way of doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **they were cleansed** - This is the important event marked by "It came about." It can be translated as "they became clean when they were healed of their leprosy" or "they were cured of their leprosy." -* **saw that he was healed** - "realized that he was healed" or "realized that Jesus had healed him" -* **he turned back** - "he went back to Jesus" -* **with a loud voice glorifying God** - "and glorified God loudly" -* **he bowed down at his feet** - "he knelt down and put his face close to Jesus feet." He did this to honor Jesus. +When people were healed, they were no longer ceremonially unclean. This can be made explicit. AT: "they became clean when they were healed of their leprosy" or "they were cured of their leprosy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# saw that he was healed + +"realized that he was healed" or "realized that Jesus had healed him" + +# he turned back + +"he went back to Jesus" + +# with a loud voice glorifying God + +"and glorified God loudly" + +# He bowed down at Jesus' feet + +"he knelt down and put his face close to Jesus feet." He did this to honor Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/17.md b/luk/17/17.md index a4de29f194..69ae725759 100644 --- a/luk/17/17.md +++ b/luk/17/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] +This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus healing the 10 lepers. -## translationNotes +# Then Jesus said -* **Jesus, answering, said** - This can be translated as "So Jesus said to the crowd." Jesus responded to what the man did, but he was speaking to the group of people around him. -* **Were not the ten cleansed?** - This is the first of three rhetorical questions. Jesus used them to show the people around him how surprised and disappointed he was that only one of the ten men came back to glorify God. It can be translated as "Ten men were healed" or "God healed ten men." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Where are the nine?** - This rhetorical question can be translated as "The other nine men should have come back, too" or "Why did not the other nine come back?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Were there no others who returned to give glory to God, except this foreigner?** - This rhetorical question can be translated as "No one but this foreigner came back to give glory to God" or "Ten men were healed, yet only this foreigner came back to give glory to God" or "Can it be true that no one but this foreigner came back to give glory to God?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] ) -* **this foreigner** - Samaritans had non-Jewish ancestors and they did not worship God in the same way that the Jews did. (See: [[:en:obe:other:samaria]]) -* **your faith has healed you** - “because of your faith you have become well.” The idea of “faith” can be translated with a verb: “Because you believe, you are healed.” +Jesus responded to what the man did, but he was speaking to the group of people around him. AT: "So Jesus said to the crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Were not the ten cleansed? + +This is the first of three rhetorical questions. Jesus used them to show the people around him how surprised and disappointed he was that only one of the ten men came back to glorify God. AT: "Ten men were healed." or "God healed ten men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where are the nine? + +"Why did not the other nine come back?" This can be a statement. AT: "The other nine men should have come back, too" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Were there no others who returned to give glory to God, except this foreigner? + +This can be a statement. AT: "No one but this foreigner came back to give glory to God!" or "God healed ten men, yet only this foreigner came back to give glory to God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this foreigner + +Samaritans had non-Jewish ancestors and they did not worship God in the same way that the Jews did. + +# Your faith has made you well + +"Because of your faith you have become well." The idea of "faith" can be expressed with the verb "believe." AT: "Because you believe, you are well again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/20.md b/luk/17/20.md index 5abf492146..5b3cf050ad 100644 --- a/luk/17/20.md +++ b/luk/17/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +This is the next part of the story. We do not know where this take places; it is simply one day when Jesus is talking with the Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# Being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come -* **Being asked by the pharisees** - This can be translated with an active verb. "The Pharisees asked Jesus." This is the beginning of a new part of the story. Some translations start it with "One day" (UDB) or "Once." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when the kingdom of God would come** - This can be translated with a direct quote: "When will the kingdom of God come?" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **The kingdom of God does not come with observation** - This could be translated as "Although you look for the kingdom of God, you will not see it." They would not see that Jesus was already among them as the king because they were looking for a physical kingdom. -* **The kingdom of God is among you** - It can be translated as "The kingdom of God is here" or "God has already begun to rule among you." +This is the beginning of a new part of the story. Some translations start it with "One day" or "Once." It can be stated in active form. AT: "One day the Pharisees asked Jesus 'When will the kingdom of God come?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# The kingdom of God does not come with careful observing + +People thought that they would be able to see signs of the kingdom coming. The idea of signs can be stated clearly. AT: "The kingdom of God does not come with signs that people can observe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the kingdom of God is within you + +The idea of the noun "kingdom" can be expressed with the verb "rules." AT: "God rules within you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the kingdom of God is within you + +Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders who were hostile to him. Possible meanings are 1) the word "you" refers to people in general. AT: "the kingdom of God is within people" or 2) the word translated "within" means "among." AT: "the kingdom of God is among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/22.md b/luk/17/22.md index aeabb2e3ff..3631bbbded 100644 --- a/luk/17/22.md +++ b/luk/17/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus begins to teach his disciples. -## translationNotes +# The days are coming when -* **The days will come** - This can be translated as "A time will come" or "Someday." -* **you will desire to see** - "You will want very much to see" or "you will wish to experience." His disciples already wanted to see him reign. But times of persecution would come and they would wish that he was already reigning. -* **one of the days of the Son of Man** - This can be translated as "one of the days when the the Son of Man will rule as king." -* **nor follow after them** - "and don't follow after them" -* **for as the lightning appears** - This is a simile. It can be translated as "for as the lightning is visible to everyone when it appears and" or "for as the lightning appears suddenly." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **so will the Son of Man be in his day** - This can be translated as "it will be like that on the day when the Son of Man comes to reign." +The idea of days days coming represents something being soon. AT: "A time is coming when" or "Soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will desire to see + +"you will want very much to see" or "you will wish to experience" + +# one of the days of the Son of Man + +This refers to the kingdom of God. AT: "one of the days when the Son of Man will rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# but you will not see it + +"you will not experience it" + +# Look, there! Look, here! + +This refers to seeking the Messiah. AT: "Look, the Messiah is over there! He is over here!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# do not go out or run after them + +The purpose of going out can be stated clearly. AT: "do not go with them to see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for as the lightning shines brightly + +The coming of the Son of Man will be clear and sudden, like the appearance of lightning. AT: "for as the lightning is visible to everyone when it appears and" or "for as the lightning appears suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# so will the Son of Man be in his day + +This refers to the future kingdom of God. AT: "it will be like that on the day when the Son of Man comes to reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/25.md b/luk/17/25.md index 97bdfd74a9..3d989ae14e 100644 --- a/luk/17/25.md +++ b/luk/17/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But first he must suffer -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +"But first the Son of Man must suffer." Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# be rejected by this generation -* Jesus continues speaking. -* **But first he must suffer** - "But first the Son of Man must suffer." Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **As it happened in the days of Noah** - This can be translated as "As people were doing in the days of Noah" or "As people were doing when Noah lived." The "days of Noah" refers to the time just before God punished the people of world. -* **even so will it also happen in the days of the Son of Man** - This can be translated as "people will be doing the same things in the days of the Son of Man" or "people will be doing the same things when the Son of Man is about to come." The "days of the Son of Man" refers to the period just before the Son of Man will come. -* **They ate, they drank, they married, they were given in marriage** - People were doing ordinary things. They did not care that God was about to judge them. -* **the ark** - "the ship" or "the barge" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of this generation must reject him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# As it happened in the days of Noah + +The "days of Noah" refers to the time during Noah's life just before God punished the people of the world. AT: "As people were doing in the days of Noah" or "As people were doing when Noah lived" + +# even so will it also happen in the days of the Son of Man + +The "days of the Son of Man" refers to the period just before the Son of Man will come. AT: "people will be doing the same things in the days of the Son of Man" or "people will be doing the same things when the Son of Man is about to come" + +# They ate, they drank, they married, and they were given in marriage + +People were doing ordinary things. They did not know or care that God was about to judge them. + +# they were given in marriage + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "parents were allowing their daughters to marry men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the ark + +"the ship" or "the barge" + +# destroyed them all + +This does not include Noah and his family who were in the ark. AT: "destroyed all those who were not in the boat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/28.md b/luk/17/28.md index 3d0e782eeb..6d6b2593ce 100644 --- a/luk/17/28.md +++ b/luk/17/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Likewise even as it happened in the days of Lot -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] +The "days of Lot" refers to the time just before God punished the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. AT: "Another example is how it happened in the days of Lot" or "As people were doing when Lot lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they were eating and drinking -* Jesus continues speaking. -* **Likewise even as it happened in the days of Lot** - This can be translated as "Another example is how it happened in the days of Lot" or “As people were doing when Lot lived.” The “days of Lot” refers to the time just before God punished the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. -* **they ate** - "the people of Sodom ate" -* **it rained fire and sulfur from heaven** - "fire and burning sulfur fell from the sky like rain" +"the people of Sodom were eating and drinking" + +# it rained fire and sulfur from heaven + +"fire and burning sulfur fell from the sky like rain" + +# destroyed them all + +This does not include Lot and his family. AT: "destroyed all those who stayed in the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/30.md b/luk/17/30.md index a3b19c36c4..1ea5f93388 100644 --- a/luk/17/30.md +++ b/luk/17/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# After the same manner it will be -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +"It will be like that." AT: "In the same way people will not be ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# in the day that the Son of Man is revealed -* Jesus continues speaking. -* **After the same manner it will be** - This means "It will be like that." How it will be like the time of Lot can be stated clearly as in the UDB: "People will be unprepared." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **on the day that the Son of Man is revealed** - "when the Son of Man appears" or "when the Son of man comes" -* **do not let him that is on the housetop go down** - “Whoever is on the housetop must not go down” or “If anyone is on his housetop, he must not go down” -* **on the housetop** - Their housetops were flat and people could sit on them. -* **his goods** - "his possessions" or "his things" -* **return back** - The implied information that they were not to go back to the house to get anything and that they must flee quickly can be stated clearly as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the Son of Man appears" or "when the Son of man comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man" + +# do not let him who is on the housetop go down + +"whoever is on the housetop must not go down" or "if anyone is on his housetop, he must not go down" + +# on the housetop + +Their housetops were flat and people could walk or sit on them. + +# his goods + +"his possessions" or "his things" + +# return + +They were not to go back to the house to get anything. They were to flee quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/32.md b/luk/17/32.md index bda1f44b8d..4bbcc4c0d9 100644 --- a/luk/17/32.md +++ b/luk/17/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Remember Lot's wife -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +"Remember what happened to Lot's wife!" This is a warning. She looked back toward Sodom and God punished her along with the people of Sodom. AT: "Do not do what Lot's wife did" -## translationNotes +# Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it -* **Remember Lot's wife** - This is a warning. It can be translated as "Do not do what Lot's wife did." She looked back toward Sodom and was punished along with the people of Sodom. -* **Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it** - "People who try save their lives will lose them" or "Whoever tries to save his old way of life will lose his life" -* **but whoever loses his life will save it** - "but people who lose their lives will save them" or "but whoever abandons his old way of life will save his life" +"People who try save their lives will lose them" or "Whoever tries to save his old way of life will lose his life" + +# but whoever loses his life will save it + +"but people who lose their lives will save them" or "but whoever abandons his old way of life will save his life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/34.md b/luk/17/34.md index cad8bb5ab2..3cd74585d8 100644 --- a/luk/17/34.md +++ b/luk/17/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I tell you -* [[en:tw:lord]] +As Jesus continues to address his disciples, he emphasizes the importance of what he is telling them. -## translationNotes +# in that night -* Jesus continues speaking. -* **In that night** - This refers to what will happen if the Son of Man comes during the night. -* **there will be two men in one bed** - This is a hypothetical situation about what two people might be doing at the time. It can be translated as "there may be two men on one couch." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **bed** - "couch" or "cot" -* **the one will be taken and the other left** - "one man will be taken and the other man will be left behind." AT: "God will take one man and leave the other," or "angels will take one and leave behind the other." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **there will be two women grinding together** - This is a hypothetical situation about what two women might be doing at the time. AT: "there may be two women grinding grain together." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Where, Lord?** - "Lord, where will this happen?" (UDB) -* **Where there is a body, there will the vultures also be gathered together** - Apparently this is a proverb that means "It will be obvious" or "You will know it when it happens." It can also be translated as a simile: "As vultures gathering shows that there is a dead body, so these things show that the Son of Man is being revealed." (See: [[:en:obe:other:proverb]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **vultures** - Vultures are large birds that fly together and eat the flesh of dead animals that they find. You could describe birds this way or use the word for a local bird that does this. +This refers to what will happen if he, the Son of Man, comes during the night. + +# there will be two people in one bed + +The emphasis is not on these two people, but on the fact that some people will be taken away and the others will be left. + +# bed + +"couch" or "cot" + +# One will be taken, and the other will be left + +"One person will be taken and the other person will be left behind." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will take one person and leave the other" or "Angels will take one and leave behind the other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# There will be two women grinding together + +The emphasis is not on these two women or their activity, but on the fact that some people will be taken away and the others will be left. + +# grinding together + +"grinding grain together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/37.md b/luk/17/37.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f8ff79a6c --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/17/37.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + +The disciples ask Jesus a question about his teaching and he answers them. + +# Where, Lord? + +"Lord, where will this happen?" + +# Where there is a body, there will the vultures also be gathered together + +Apparently this is a proverb that means "It will be obvious" or "You will know it when it happens." AT: "As vultures gathering shows that there is a dead body, so these things show that the Son of Man is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# vultures + +Vultures are large birds that fly together and eat the flesh of dead animals that they find. You could describe birds this way or use the word for a local bird that does this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/intro.md b/luk/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..400e97493f --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Luke 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In the cleansing of the 10 men ([Luke 17:11-17](./11.md)), there should be an implicit understanding of the structure of this story. It is one unified story. The reaction of the supposedly ungodly Samaritan is correct, while the reaction of the other men was incorrect and it is assumed that they were Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Old Testament Examples ##### +This chapter uses a series of examples from the Old Testament. All of these examples are times when the people did not concern themselves with God. Properly understanding the meaning of each individual example will be difficult without the necessary background understanding from the book of Genesis. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "It would be better" ##### +This is a special type of hypothetical situation. In this situation, rather than speaking about a condition or what would happen, it gives an explanation about a hypothetical future situation if the current situation remains unchanged. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +##### Hypothetical Situations and Rhetorical Situations ##### +Jesus uses two figures of speech at the same time in this chapter. He combines a hypothetical situation and rhetorical questions because the proper answer to the hypothetical situation should be obvious. (See: [Luke 17:5-9](./05.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Every language may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life will save it" ([Luke 17:33](./32.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/01.md b/luk/18/01.md index 204b4eb0be..4c76c27610 100644 --- a/luk/18/01.md +++ b/luk/18/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Jesus begins to tell a parable as he continues to teach his disciples. This is the same part of the story that began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Verse 1 gives us a description of the parable Jesus is about to tell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Then he -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -* **Then he** - "Then Jesus" -* **saying** - This could also begin a new sentence: "He said" (UDB). -* **not become discouraged** - This could also be translated as "not grow tired of praying" or "not lose faith." -* **There was in a certain city a certain judge** - The words "certain" are used to as a way to say this this happened, but without identifying the judge or the city. -* **fear** - "revere" (UDB) -* **did not respect people** - "paid no regard to a person" -* **[[en:bible:questions:comprehension:luk:18|Luke Chapter 18 Checking Questions]]** - [[en:bible:questions:comprehension:luk:18]] +"Then Jesus" + +# they should always pray, and not become discouraged + +These two clauses have similar meanings, which Jesus used to emphasize his point. Some languages have different ways of emphasizing. AT: "they should always keep on praying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# saying + +This could also begin a new sentence: "He said" + +# a certain city + +Here "certain city" is a way to let the listener know that the narrative that follows takes place in a city, but the name of the city itself is not important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-intro]]) + +# did not respect people + +"did not care about other people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/03.md b/luk/18/03.md index 8f7861d8c2..d57f5a18f6 100644 --- a/luk/18/03.md +++ b/luk/18/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Now there was a widow -* [[en:tw:justice]] +Jesus uses this phrase to introduce a new character to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# widow -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **widow** - A widow is a woman whose husband has died. Jesus' hearers would have thought of her as without defense against evildoers. -* **help me get justice against** - This could be translated as "punish" or "grant me retribution against." -* **my opponent** - "my enemy" or "the person who is trying to harm me." This is an opponent in a lawsuit. It is not clear whether the woman is suing the man or the man is suing the woman. -* **fear God** - "revere God" -* **man** - This refers here to "people" in general. -* **causes me trouble** - This can also be translated as "bothers me." -* **wear me out ** - "exhaust me" -* **by her constant coming** - "by continually coming to me" +A widow is a woman whose husband has died. Jesus' hearers would have thought of her as a person who had no one to protect her from those who wanted to harm her. + +# she came often to him + +The word "him" refers to the judge. + +# Help me get justice against + +"Give me a just ruling against" + +# my opponent + +"my enemy" or "the person who is trying to harm me." This is an opponent in a lawsuit. It is not clear whether the widow is suing the man or the man is suing the widow. + +# man + +This refers here to "people" in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# causes me trouble + +"bothers me" + +# wear me out + +"exhaust me" + +# by her constant coming + +"by continually coming to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/06.md b/luk/18/06.md index 5706158001..f19668e102 100644 --- a/luk/18/06.md +++ b/luk/18/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] +Jesus has finished telling his parable and is now commenting about it to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# Listen to what the unjust judge says -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about prayer. -* **Listen to what the unjust judge says** - "Think about what the unjust judge just said." Translate this in a way that people will understand that Jesus has already told what the judge said. -* **Will not God also bring** - Jesus used this rhetorical question to indicate that what he was teaching was something that his audience should already be able to figure out. This could also be translated as "God will certainly bring" or "So you can be sure that God will also bring." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **his chosen ones** - "the people he has chosen" -* **Will he not be patient with them?** - Jesus used this rhetorical question to remind people of something they should already have known about God. This could also be translated as "And you know that he is patient with them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Son of Man** - Jesus is referring to himself. -* **will he find faith on the earth** - The purpose of the parable is to encourage the disciples to keep believing and pray. Jesus is here using another rhetorical question that expects a negative answer. The meaning of the question is "But I know that when I, the Son of Man, return, I will find people who do not believe in me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Think about what the unjust judge just said." Translate this in a way that people will understand that Jesus has already told what the judge said. + +# Now + +This word indicates that Jesus has ended the parable and has started explaining its meaning. + +# will not God also bring ... night? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. This can be a statement. AT: "God will also certainly ... night!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his chosen ones + +"the people he has chosen" + +# Will he delay long over them? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. This can be a statement. AT: "He will certainly not delay long over them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the Son of Man comes + +Jesus is referring to himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man come" + +# will he indeed find faith on the earth? + +The purpose of the parable is to encourage the disciples to keep believing and pray. However, the form of the question indicates that the expected answer is negative. AT: "he will find many on earth who do not believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will he indeed find + +If you translated "the Son of Man" as "I, the Son of Man" you will need to say here "will I indeed find." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/09.md b/luk/18/09.md index 2252389c80..b352ec4135 100644 --- a/luk/18/09.md +++ b/luk/18/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Jesus begins to tell another parable to some other people who were persuaded that they themselves were righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Then he -* **Then he** - "Then Jesus" -* **some** - "some people" -* **who were persuaded in themselves that they were righteous** - "who were self-righteous" or "who thought they were righteous" (UDB) -* **despised** - "devalued" or "thought they were better than" -* **into the temple** - "into the temple courtyard" +"Then Jesus" + +# some + +"some people" + +# who were persuaded in themselves that they were righteous + +"who were convinced of their own righteous" or "who thought they were righteous" + +# despised + +"devalued" or "thought they were better than" + +# into the temple + +"into the temple courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/11.md b/luk/18/11.md index 440f4e1734..d63e851e4b 100644 --- a/luk/18/11.md +++ b/luk/18/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The Pharisee stood and prayed these things about himself -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +The meaning of the Greek text of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) "The Pharisee stood and prayed about himself in this way" or 2) "The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed." -## translationNotes +# robbers -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **The Pharisee stood and prayed these things about himself** - The meaning of the Greek text of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) "The Pharisee stood and prayed about himself in this way" or 2) "The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed." -* **robbers** - A robber is someone who steals things by forcing people to give them to him, or by threatening to force them. -* **fast** - "To fast" means not to eat a meal. The Pharisees did this twice a week. -* **get** - "earn" +A robber is someone who steals things by forcing people to give them to him, or by threatening to force them. + +# or even like this tax collector + +The Pharisees believed that tax collectors were as sinful as robbers, unrighteous people, and adulterers. This could be made explicit. AT: "and I am certainly not like this sinful tax collector who cheats people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all that I get + +"everything I earn" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/13.md b/luk/18/13.md index 61ddaa189c..f2bec8a1cd 100644 --- a/luk/18/13.md +++ b/luk/18/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] +Jesus has finished telling his parable. In verse 14, he comments about what the parable teaches. -## translationNotes +# standing at a distance -* Jesus continues to speak to these people. -* **lift up his eyes to heaven** - AT: "look toward heaven" or "look upward" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **hit his breast** - This is a physical expression of great sorrow, and shows this man's repentance and humility. -* **God be merciful to me a sinner** - This could be translated as "God, please have mercy on me even though I am a terrible sinner," or "God please be merciful to me. I am a great sinner." -* **this man** - "the tax collector" -* **rather than the other** - "rather than the other man" or "instead of the other man" or "and not the other man." This can also be translated as "but the other man was not justified." -* **because everyone who exalts himself...** - With this phrase, Jesus switches from the story to state the general principle that the story illustrates. -* **exalted** - "greatly honored" +"stood away from the Pharisee." This was a sign of humility. He did not feel worthy to be near the Pharisee. + +# lift up his eyes to heaven + +To "lift up his eyes" means to look at something. AT: "look toward heaven" or "look upward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# hit his breast + +This is a physical expression of great sorrow, and shows this man's repentance and humility. AT: "hit his breast to show his sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# God, be merciful to me, a sinner + +"God, please have mercy on me, even though I am a terrible sinner" or "God, please be merciful to me. I am a great sinner" + +# this man went back down to his house justified + +He was justified because God forgave his sin. AT: "God forgave the tax collector" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# rather than the other + +"rather than the other man" or "and not the other man." AT: "but God did not forgive the Pharisee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because everyone who exalts himself + +With this phrase, Jesus switches from the story to state the general principle that the story illustrates. + +# will be humbled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be exalted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will greatly honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/15.md b/luk/18/15.md index 33034e38b0..d20b62c647 100644 --- a/luk/18/15.md +++ b/luk/18/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +This is the next event in the part of the story which began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Jesus welcomes the children and talks about them. -## translationNotes +# touch them, but -* **touch them, but** - This could also be translated as separate sentences: "touch them. But." -* **rebuked** - The disciples expressed strong disapproval of the parents who were bringing their babies to Jesus. -* **Permit** - "Allow" -* **little children** - This is a different word than "infants" which was used for the babies that the people were bringing. "Little children" were somewhat older than "infants." -* **do not forbid them** - "do not hinder them" or "do not prevent the little children" -* **belongs to such ones** - This could also be translated "belongs to people who are like these little children." -* **Truly I say to you** - "Surely I say to you." Jesus used this expression to emphasize the importance of what he was about to say. -* **as a child** - This is a simile that compares the attitude of a child to people who are entering the kingdom of God. The points of similarity are humility and trust. The simile means "they will humbly receive God's kingdom just as a child is humble and trusting." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **enter it** - This could also be translated as "enter into God's kingdom" (UDB). +This could also be translated as separate sentences: "touch them. But" + +# they rebuked them + +"the disciples tried to stop the parents from bringing their children to Jesus" + +# Jesus called them to him + +"Jesus told the people to bring their infants to him" + +# Permit the little children to come to me, and do not forbid them + +These two sentences have similar meaning and they are combined for emphasis. Some languages emphasize in a different way. AT: "You must certainly allow the children to come to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# belongs to such ones + +This could be stated as a simile. AT: "belongs to people who are like these little children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"Surely I say to you." Jesus used this expression to emphasize the importance of what he was about to say. + +# whoever will not receive the kingdom of God like a child will definitely not enter it + +God requires people to accept his rule over them with trust and humility. AT: "whoever wants to enter God's kingdom must receive it with trust and humility like a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/18.md b/luk/18/18.md index e7b2aa6507..bb2bc450be 100644 --- a/luk/18/18.md +++ b/luk/18/18.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:tencommandments]] +This is the next event in the part of the story which began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Jesus begins to talk with a ruler about entering the kingdom of heaven. -## translationNotes +# A certain ruler -* **what must I do** - "what do I need to do" or "what is required of me" -* **inherit** - "become the rightful owner of." This usually refers to the property of someone who has died. Luke uses this metaphor to show that the ruler understood that eternal life could not be earned, and that not everyone will live eternally. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **No one is good, except God alone** - This could also be translated as two sentences: "No person is truly good. God alone is good." -* **do not kill** - "do not murder" -* **All these things** - "All of these commandments" +This introduces a new character in the story. It only identifies him by his position. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# what must I do + +"what do I need to do" or "what is required of me" + +# inherit eternal life + +"receive life that does not end." The term "inherit" usually refers to the property that a man left to his children when he dies. Therefore, this metaphor may mean he understood himself to be a child of God and desired for God to give him eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why do you call me good? No one is good, except God alone + +Jesus is asking the ruler if he realizes that calling Jesus "good" implies that Jesus is God. AT: "You know that no one is good except God alone. Why do you call me good?" or "You know that no one is good except God alone. Do you understand what you are saying when you call me good?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# do not kill + +"do not murder" + +# All these things + +"All of these commandments" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/22.md b/luk/18/22.md index d00f4305c8..4ccc122d8f 100644 --- a/luk/18/22.md +++ b/luk/18/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When Jesus heard that -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +"When Jesus heard the man say that" -## translationNotes +# he said to him -* **And when Jesus heard that** - "And when Jesus heard the man say that" -* **he said to him** - "he answered him" -* **One thing you still lack** - "You still need to do one more thing" or "There is one thing that you have not yet done" -* **Sell all that you have** - "Sell all your possessions" or "Sell everything that you own" -* **distribute** - "give" -* **distribute it to the poor** - "give away the money to the poor people" +"he answered him" + +# One thing you still lack + +"You still need to do one more thing" or "There is one thing that you have not yet done" + +# sell all that you have + +"sell all your possessions" or "sell everything that you own" + +# distribute it to the poor + +"give away the money to the poor people" + +# you will have treasure in heaven + +"treasure in heaven" here refers to God's blessing. AT: "you will have God's blessings in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# come, follow me + +"come with me as my disciple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/24.md b/luk/18/24.md index bae733b607..57c8d361c1 100644 --- a/luk/18/24.md +++ b/luk/18/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# How difficult it is ... kingdom of God! -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +This is an exclamation, and not a question. AT: "It is so very hard ... kingdom of God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# a camel to go through a needle's eye -* **he too became very sad** - This phrase is absent from many Greek manuscripts and so often omitted from English translations. -* **a camel to go through a needle’s eye** - It is impossible for a camel to fit through the eye of a needle. Therefore, it appears that Jesus may have been using hyperbole to say "it is extremely difficult for a rich man to be saved." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **needle's eye** - The needle's eye is the hole in a sewing needle through which the thread is passed. +It is impossible for a camel to fit through the eye of a needle. Jesus was probably using hyperbole to mean it is extremely difficult for a rich man to enter God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# needle's eye + +The needle's eye is the hole in a sewing needle through which the thread is passed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/26.md b/luk/18/26.md index ee7323077d..8ca7af4af5 100644 --- a/luk/18/26.md +++ b/luk/18/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Those hearing it said -* [[en:tw:save]] +"The people who listening to Jesus said" -## translationNotes +# Then who can be saved? -* **Those hearing it** - This can also be translated as "The people who heard what Jesus said. -* **Then who can be saved?** - It is possible that they were asking for an answer. But it is more likely that this is a rhetorical question that means "Then no one can be saved!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **be saved** - "to be saved from sin" -* **possible with God** - "possible for God to do" +It is possible that they were asking for an answer. But it is more likely that they used the question to emphasize their surprise at what Jesus said. AT: "Then no one can be saved from sin!" or in active form: "Then God will not save anyone!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# are impossible with people + +"people cannot do" + +# are possible with God + +"are possible for God to do" or "God can do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/28.md b/luk/18/28.md index 7782428d4c..a931b230bb 100644 --- a/luk/18/28.md +++ b/luk/18/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +This is the end of the conversation about entering the kingdom of heaven. -## translationNotes +# Well, we -* **everything that is our own** - "all our wealth" or "all our possessions" -* **Truly, I say to you** - Jesus used this expression to stress the importance of what he is about to say. -* **there is no one who has left…who will not receive** - This can be stated positively: "everyone who has left...will receive" (UDB). -* **and in the world to come, eternal life** - This could also be translated as "and also eternal life in the world to come." +This phrase refers only to the disciples, and contrasts them with the rich ruler. + +# have left everything + +"have given up everything" or "have left behind everything" + +# everything that is our own + +"all our wealth" or "all our possessions" + +# Truly, I say to you + +Jesus used this expression to stress the importance of what he is about to say. + +# there is no one who + +This expression is intended to include the disciples, but to also include everyone else that had made the same sacrifices. + +# there is no one who has left ... who will not receive + +This could be stated in positive form. AT: "everyone who has left ... will receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# in the world to come, eternal life + +"also eternal life in the world to come" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/31.md b/luk/18/31.md index c770cba8d4..e74b99d0c9 100644 --- a/luk/18/31.md +++ b/luk/18/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This is the next event in this part of the story which began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Jesus is not talking to his disciples alone. -## translationNotes +# gathered the twelve to himself -* **See** - This indicates a significant change in the ministry of Jesus as he goes to Jerusalem for the final time. -* **the prophets** - This refers to the Old Testament prophets. -* **will be accomplished** - "will happen" or "will occur" -* **Son of Man** - Jesus speaks of himself as "the Son of Man" and uses "he" to refer to himself. -* **on the third day** - This refers to the third day after his death. However, the disciples did not yet understand this, so it is best not to add this explanation when translating this verse. +This means Jesus brought the twelve disciples to a place where other people were not present. + +# See + +This indicates a significant change in the ministry of Jesus as he goes to Jerusalem for the final time. + +# that have been written by the prophets + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the prophets have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the prophets + +This refers to the Old Testament prophets. + +# Son of Man + +Jesus speaks of himself as "the Son of Man" and uses "he" to refer to himself. AT: "me, the Son of Man" + +# will be accomplished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will happen" or "will occur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For he will be given over to the Gentiles + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For the Jewish leaders will give him over to the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be mocked, and shamefully treated, and spit upon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will mock him, treat him shamefully, and spit on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the third day + +This refers to the third day after his death. However, the disciples did not yet understand this, so it is best not to add this explanation when translating this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/34.md b/luk/18/34.md index f9ff437dc8..e03d48fda5 100644 --- a/luk/18/34.md +++ b/luk/18/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This verse is not part of the main storyline, but rather a comment about this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# They understood none of these things -* **And they understood none of these things** - "And they did not understand any of these things" -* **these things** - This refers to Jesus' description of how he would suffer and die in Jerusalem, and that he would rise from the dead. -* **this word was hidden from them** - AT: "God prevented them from understanding the meaning of what he was telling them" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the things that were said** - AT: "the things that Jesus said." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"They did not understand any of these things" + +# these things + +This refers to Jesus' description of how he would suffer and die in Jerusalem, and that he would rise from the dead. + +# this word was hidden from them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God prevented them from understanding the meaning of what he was telling them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the things that were said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that Jesus said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/35.md b/luk/18/35.md index 23b27f072d..523770cf02 100644 --- a/luk/18/35.md +++ b/luk/18/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus heals a blind man as he approaches Jericho. These verses give background information and information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# It came about -* **drew near to** - "approached" -* **a certain blind man was sitting** - "there was a blind man sitting." Here "certain" means only that the man is important to the story but his name will not be given. -* **begging; and hearing** - This could also be translated as two sentences: "begging. When he heard." -* **They told him** - People in the crowd told the blind man. -* **Jesus of Nazareth** - Jesus came from the town of Nazareth that was located in Galilee. -* **was passing by** - "was walking past him" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# a certain blind man was sitting + +"there was a blind man sitting." Here "certain" means only that the man is an important new participant to the story but Luke does not mention his name. He is a new participant in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# begging, and hearing + +It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. AT: "begging. When he heard" + +# They told him + +"People in the crowd told the blind man" + +# Jesus of Nazareth + +Jesus came from the town of Nazareth that was located in Galilee. + +# was passing by + +"was walking past him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/38.md b/luk/18/38.md index d8576700bf..76625574b8 100644 --- a/luk/18/38.md +++ b/luk/18/38.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# So -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This word marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, the crowd had told the blind man that Jesus was walking by. -## translationNotes +# cried out -* **cried out** - "called out" or "shouted" -* **son of David** - Jesus was a descendant of David, Israel's most important king. -* **have mercy on me** - "show me pity" or "show me compassion" -* **The ones** - "The people" -* **to be quiet** - "to be silent" or "not to shout" -* **cried out all the more** - This could mean that he cried out louder or that he cried out more persistently. +"called out" or "shouted" + +# Son of David + +Jesus was a descendant of David, Israel's most important king. + +# have mercy on me + +"show me pity" or "show me compassion" + +# The ones who were walking ahead + +"The people who were walking at the front of the crowd" + +# to be quiet + +"to be silent" or "not to shout" + +# cried out all the more + +This could mean that he cried out louder or that he cried out more persistently. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/40.md b/luk/18/40.md index 5acc54e539..4068865efc 100644 --- a/luk/18/40.md +++ b/luk/18/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# that the man be brought to him -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people to bring the blind man to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to receive my sight -* There are no notes for these verses. +"to be able to see" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/42.md b/luk/18/42.md index 6916322a37..580325eebe 100644 --- a/luk/18/42.md +++ b/luk/18/42.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Receive your sight -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +This is an imperative, but it did not required the man to do anything. He was healed as a result of the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## translationNotes +# Your faith has healed you -* **your faith has healed you** - This can also be translated as "I have healed you because you believed in me." -* **and followed him** - This can also be translated as "and began to follow him." -* **glorifying God** - "giving glory to God" or "praising God" (UDB) +The man's faith was the reason he was healed, but not the method of his healing. AT: "I have healed you because you believed in me" + +# glorifying God + +"giving glory to God" or "praising God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/intro.md b/luk/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4fc8c10ea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Luke 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Luke 18:6-8 should be seen as an explanation of the parable in 18:1-5. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Unjust judge ##### +Judges were supposed to administer justice without conditions, but this judge was not just to the woman. Instead, she had to beg many times for the judge to do the right thing. Therefore, the judge is referred to as "unjust." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]]) + +##### Pharisees and tax collectors ##### +Luke occasionally contrasts these two groups of people in his gospel. These two figures are the epitome of righteousness and unrighteousness (according to the Pharisees). The Pharisees believed that they were very righteous and they believed that the tax collectors were very sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Every language may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. + +##### "Prayed these things about himself" ##### +The Pharisee did not really "pray" because his prayer was not truly directed at God. His prayer was for himself and for other people to hear. + +##### General and Specific Instructions ##### + +There are times that the New Testament gives specific instructions or commands that always apply to all Christians. At other times, its instructions are more general and should only be taken as "good ideas." For example, "sell your possessions" is not meant to be instructive to all Christians. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/01.md b/luk/19/01.md index 9386694a4c..e296e6c983 100644 --- a/luk/19/01.md +++ b/luk/19/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] -* [[en:tw:zacchaeus]] +This is the next part of the story. Zacchaeus is introduced to the story. Verse 1 gives background information about Jesus' travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold, there was a man there -* **Behold, there was a man there** - The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man who was…” +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. AT: "There was a man who was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# He was a chief tax collector and was rich + +This is background information about Zacchaeus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/03.md b/luk/19/03.md index 7f1b5db515..97dc9fc1b2 100644 --- a/luk/19/03.md +++ b/luk/19/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He was trying -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +"Zacchaeus was trying" -## translationNotes +# because he was small in height -* **He was trying to see who Jesus was** - "Zacchaeus was trying to see who Jesus was" -* **a sycamore tree** - "a sycamore fig tree." It produces small round fruit about 2.5 centimeters across. This can be translated simply as "a fig tree" or "a tree." -* **because he was small in height** - "because he was short" +"because he was short" + +# a sycamore tree + +"a sycamore fig tree." It produces small round fruit about 2.5 centimeters across. AT: "a fig tree" or "a tree" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/05.md b/luk/19/05.md index bdf134a2ab..16810c6e12 100644 --- a/luk/19/05.md +++ b/luk/19/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the place -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:zacchaeus]] +"the tree" or "where Zacchaeus was" -## translationNotes +# So he hurried -* **the place** - "the tree" or "where Zacchaeus was" -* **He has gone in to visit a man who is a sinner** - "Jesus has gone into the house of a sinner to visit him" -* **a sinner** - "an obvious sinner" or "a real sinner" (UDB) or "clearly a sinner" +"So Zacchaeus hurried" + +# they all complained + +The Jews hated the tax collectors and did not think any good person should associate with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He has gone in to visit a man who is a sinner + +"Jesus has gone into the house of a sinner to visit him" + +# a sinner + +"an obvious sinner" or "a real sinner" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/08.md b/luk/19/08.md index fc7bd83909..1608cb8f09 100644 --- a/luk/19/08.md +++ b/luk/19/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the Lord -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This refers to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# restore four times the amount -* **the Lord** - This refers to Jesus. -* **salvation has come to this house** - The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with the verb "save": "God has saved this household" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **this house** - The word "house" here refers to the people living in the house or the family. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he too** - "this man too" or "Zacchaeus also" -* **son of Abraham** - Possible meanings are 1) "descendant of Abraham" and 2) "person who has faith as Abraham did." -* **the people who are lost** - "the people who have wandered away from God" or "those who by sinning have wandered away from God" +"return to them four times as much as I took from them" + +# salvation has come to this house + +It was understood that salvation comes from God. AT: "God has saved this household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this house + +The word "house" here refers to the people living in the house or the family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he too + +"this man too" or "Zacchaeus also" + +# son of Abraham + +Possible meanings are 1) "descendant of Abraham" and 2) "person who has faith as Abraham did." + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man" + +# the people who are lost + +"the people who have wandered away from God" or "those who by sinning have wandered away from God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/11.md b/luk/19/11.md index 700449fb16..5aa5ccd43f 100644 --- a/luk/19/11.md +++ b/luk/19/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] +Jesus begins to tell a parable to the crowd. Verse 11 gives background information about why Jesus tells the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# that the kingdom of God was about to appear immediately -* **that the kingdom of God would appear immediately** - "that Jesus would immediately begin to rule over God's kingdom" -* **a certain nobleman** - "a certain man who was a member of the ruling class" or "a certain man from an important family." It can also be translated as "an important man" or "a man of high position." -* **to receive for himself a kingdom** - "to be made king" or "to become king of the country he lived in." +The Jews believed that the Messiah would establish the kingdom as soon as he came to Jerusalem. AT: "that Jesus would immediately begin to rule over God's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# A certain nobleman + +"A certain man who was a member of the ruling class" or "A certain man from an important family" + +# to receive for himself a kingdom + +This is the image of a lesser king going to a greater king. The greater king would give the lesser king the right and authority to rule over his own country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/13.md b/luk/19/13.md index 0cc07a8300..7189881bf2 100644 --- a/luk/19/13.md +++ b/luk/19/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# He called -* [[en:tw:ambassador]] -* [[en:tw:citizen]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"The nobleman called." It may be helpful to state that the man did this before he left to receive his kingdom. AT: "Before he left, he called" -## translationNotes +# gave them ten minas -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **He called** - The word "He" refers to the nobleman. -* **gave them ten minas** - This can be translated as "gave them each one mina." -* **ten minas** - This can be translated as "ten valuable coins" or "a large amount of money." Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **conduct business** - This can be translated as "trade with this money" or "use this money in order to earn more." -* **his citizens** - "the people of his country" -* **a delegation of ambassadors** - "representatives" or "messengers" -* **And it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **having received the kingdom** - "after he had become king" -* **what profit they had made** - "what money they had earned" +"gave each of them one mina" + +# ten minas + +A mina is 600 grams. Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. AT: "ten valuable coins" or "a large amount of money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Conduct business + +"Trade with this money" or "Use this money in order to earn more" + +# his citizens + +"the people of his country" + +# a delegation + +"a group of people to represent them" or "several messengers" + +# It happened + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# having received the kingdom + +"after he had become king" + +# to be called to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to come to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what profit they had made + +"how much money they had earned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/16.md b/luk/19/16.md index 4c57afb02b..7ceb499423 100644 --- a/luk/19/16.md +++ b/luk/19/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The first -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] +"The first servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# came before him -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **The first** - "The first servant" -* **came before him** - The word "him" refers to the nobleman. -* **mina** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:luk:19:13]]. -* **Well done** - "You have done well." Your language may have a phrase that an employer would use to show approval, such as "Good job." +"came before the nobleman" + +# your mina has made ten minas more + +It is implied that the servant was the one who caused the profit. AT: "I used your mina to make a profit of ten more minas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# mina + +A mina is 600 grams. Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# Well done + +"You have done well." Your language may have a phrase that an employer would use to show approval, such as "Good job." + +# very little + +This refers to the one mina, which the nobleman apparently did not consider to be a lot of money. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/18.md b/luk/19/18.md index bdc52a568e..b80a1c75be 100644 --- a/luk/19/18.md +++ b/luk/19/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The second +"The second servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Your mina, lord, has made five minas -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **your mina, lord, has made five minas** - This can be translated as "Lord, with the money you gave me, I have have earned five times the amount." -* **mina** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:luk:19:13]]. -* **You take charge over five cities.** - This can be translated as "You will have authority over five cities." +It is implied that the servant was the one who caused the profit. AT: "Lord, I used your mina to make a profit of five more minas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# mina + +A mina is 600 grams. Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# You take charge over five cities + +"You will have authority over five cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/20.md b/luk/19/20.md index 7ecc70a5ef..295e244c26 100644 --- a/luk/19/20.md +++ b/luk/19/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Another came -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +"Another servant came" -## translationNotes +# mina -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **mina** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:luk:19:13]]. -* **a severe man** - "a stern man" or "a man who expects a lot from his servants" or "a hard man" (UDB) -* **you take up that which you did not lay down** - This can be translated as "you take out what you did not put in" or "you take what is not yours." It was a proverb describing a greedy person. (See: [[:en:obe:other:Proverb]]) -* **reap that which you did not sow** - "reap what you did not plant." This is a metaphor. The servant was comparing his master to a farmer who takes food that someone else planted. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **reap** - "harvest" or "collect" or "gather" +A mina is 600 grams. Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# kept safely in a cloth + +"wrapped in a cloth and stored away" + +# a demanding person + +"a stern man" or "a man who expects a lot from his servants" + +# You take up what you did not put in + +This was probably a proverb. A person who takes out of storage or out of a bank things that he did not put in is a metaphor for someone who benefits from other people's hard work. AT: "You take out what you did not put in" or "You are like a person how takes out what other people put in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you reap what you did not sow + +This was probably a proverb. A person who harvests food that someone else has planted is a metaphor for someone who benefits from other people's hard work. AT: "you are like a person who reaps the fruit of what other people sowed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/22.md b/luk/19/22.md index c41ed8e649..7e69a930cd 100644 --- a/luk/19/22.md +++ b/luk/19/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# By your own words -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +His "words" refer to all that he had said. AT: "Based on what you have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You knew that I am a demanding person -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **that I am a severe man, taking up…** - The nobleman was repeating what the servant had said about him. He was not saying that it was true. -* **a severe man** - "a harsh man" -* **Why did you not put my money** - This starts a rhetorical question. It is used as a rebuke. It can be translated as "You should have put my money." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **put my money in the bank** - This can be translated as "lent my money to a bank." Cultures that do not have banks might translate it as "let someone borrow my money." -* **bank** - A bank is a business that safely holds money for people. Banks lend that money to others for a profit. Therefore it pays an extra amount, or interest, to the people who keep their money in the bank. -* **I would have collected it with interest** - This can be translated as "I could have collected that amount plus the interest it would have earned" (UDB) or "I would gain a profit from it." -* **interest** - Interest is money that a bank pays people who put their money in the bank. +The nobleman was repeating what the servant had said about him. He was not saying that it was true. AT: "You say that I am a demanding person" + +# why did you not put my money ... interest? + +The nobleman uses a question to rebuke the wicked servant. AT: "you should have put my money ... interest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# put my money in the bank + +"lent my money to a bank." Cultures that do not have banks might translate it as "let someone borrow my money." + +# bank + +A bank is a business that safely holds money for people. Banks lend that money to others for a profit. Therefore it pays an extra amount, or interest, to the people who keep their money in the bank. + +# I would have collected it with interest + +"I could have collected that amount plus the interest it would have earned" or "I would have gained a profit from it" + +# interest + +Interest is money that a bank pays people who put their money in the bank. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/24.md b/luk/19/24.md index 019e9c30c9..afe4e9ad5e 100644 --- a/luk/19/24.md +++ b/luk/19/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The nobleman -* [[en:tw:lord]] +The nobleman had become king. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:12](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# them that stood by -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **The nobleman** - The nobleman had become king. Translate this with a word that will make this clear to your readers. -* **them that stood by** - "the people who were standing near them" -* **mina** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:luk:19:13]]. +"the people who were standing near them" + +# mina + +A mina is 600 grams. Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# he has ten minas + +"he already has ten minas!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/26.md b/luk/19/26.md index 672d0a1396..0f169d7cf1 100644 --- a/luk/19/26.md +++ b/luk/19/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I say to you -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +This was the king speaking. Some translators may want to start this verse with "And the king replied, 'I say to you'" or "But the king said 'I tell you this'" . -## translationNotes +# everyone who has -* This finishes Jesus' parable and is the end of the discussion at Zacchaeus' house. -* **I say to you** - This was the king speaking. Some translators may want to start this verse with "And the king replied, 'I say to you'" or "But the king said 'I tell you this'" (UDB). -* **everyone who has** - This can be translated as "everyone who uses well what they have been given" or "everyone who uses well what I have given him." -* **will be given more** - This can be translated with an active verb: "I will give him more." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from him that has not** - This can be translated as "from the person who does not use well what he has been given." -* **these enemies of mine** - Since the enemies were not right there, some languages would say "those enemies of mine." +It is implied that what he has is the money he earned by using his mina faithfully. AT: "everyone who uses well what he has been given" or "everyone who uses well what I have given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will be given more + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give him more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from him that has not + +It is implied that the reason he does not have money is because he did not use his mina faithfully. AT: "from the person who does not use well what I have given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will be taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will take away from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# these enemies of mine + +Since the enemies were not right there, some languages would say "those enemies of mine." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/28.md b/luk/19/28.md index 4533a53a59..b462ff2011 100644 --- a/luk/19/28.md +++ b/luk/19/28.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +This is the end of the part of the story about Zacchaeus. This verse tells us what Jesus did after this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# When he had said these things -* **When he had said these things** - The word "he" refers to Jesus, not to the king in the previous parable. Some versions make this clear by translating it as "When Jesus had said these things." -* **going up to Jerusalem** - Jerusalem is about 975 meters higher in elevation then Jericho. +"When Jesus had said these things" + +# going up to Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was higher than Jericho, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/29.md b/luk/19/29.md index 4257b15955..49babbae15 100644 --- a/luk/19/29.md +++ b/luk/19/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus approaches Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# It came about that -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **when he drew near** - The word "he" refers to Jesus. His disciples were traveling with him. -* **Bethphage** - Bethphage was a village on the Mount of Olives, which is across the Kidron Valley from Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the mount that is called Olivet** - "the hill that is called the Mount of Olives" or "the hill that is called "Olive Tree Mountain." +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# when he came near + +The word "he" refers to Jesus. His disciples were also traveling with him. + +# Bethphage + +Bethphage was a village on the Mount of Olives, which is across the Kidron Valley from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the hill that is called Olivet + +"the hill that is called the Mount of Olives" or "the hill that is called "Olive Tree Mountain" + +# a colt + +"a young donkey" or "a young riding animal" + +# that has never been ridden + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one has ever ridden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If anyone asks you ... need of it + +Jesus tells the disciples how to answer a question that has not yet been asked. However, people in the village will soon ask the question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# If anyone asks you, 'Why are you untying it?' + +The inner quote can also be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "If any one asks you why you are untying it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/32.md b/luk/19/32.md index 3dcb92fc20..1edb4ef130 100644 --- a/luk/19/32.md +++ b/luk/19/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Those who were sent -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The two disciples that Jesus sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the owners -* **Those who were sent** - This can be translated with an active verb: "Those Jesus had sent" or "The two disciples that Jesus sent" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **threw their garments upon the colt** - "put their robes on the young donkey." Garments are clothes. In this case it refers to their outer robes or cloaks. -* **they spread their garments** - This can be translated as "people spread their garments" or "others spread their cloaks" (UDB). +"the owners of the colt" + +# Why are you untying ... Lord has need of it + +This is the question and answer that Jesus predicted in [Luke 19:31](./29.md) and should be translated the same as in that verse. + +# threw their cloaks upon the colt + +"put their robes on the young donkey." Cloaks are outer robes. + +# set Jesus on it + +"helped Jesus get up on and ride on the colt" + +# they spread their cloaks + +"people spread their cloaks." This is a sign of giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/37.md b/luk/19/37.md index 11e68f216a..a17fc39315 100644 --- a/luk/19/37.md +++ b/luk/19/37.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# As he was now approaching -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"As Jesus was going near." Jesus' disciples were traveling with him. -## translationNotes +# where the Mount of Olives descends -* **As he was now drawing near** - "As Jesus was going near" or "as Jesus was approaching." Jesus' disciples were traveling with him. -* **mighty works which they had seen** - This can be translated as "great things they had seen Jesus do." -* **Blessed is the king** - They were saying this about Jesus. -* **the Lord** - This refers to God. -* **glory in the highest** - This can be translated as "Let glory be given to the One in the highest" or "Let praise be given to the Highest One." It can be translated with an active verb and a noun saying who will give praise to God, as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"where the road goes down from the Mount of Olives" + +# mighty works which they had seen + +"great things they had seen Jesus do" + +# Blessed is the king + +They were saying this about Jesus. + +# in the name of the Lord + +Here "name" refers to power and authority. Also, "Lord" refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Peace in heaven + +"May there be peace in heaven." They are expressing what they want to happen. + +# glory in the highest + +"highest" refers to heaven, where God lives. AT: "let everyone give glory to God in the highest heaven" or "let everyone praise God the Highest One" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/39.md b/luk/19/39.md index cff652375d..bf9531561a 100644 --- a/luk/19/39.md +++ b/luk/19/39.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in the multitude -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +"in the large crowd" -## translationNotes +# rebuke your disciples -* **rebuke your disciples** - AT: "tell your disciples to stop doing these things" -* **I tell you** - Jesus said this to emphasize what he would say next. -* **If these were silent** - This is a hypothetical situation. Some translators may need to make it clear what Jesus was implying when he said this: "No, I will not rebuke them, for if these people were to be silent…" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the stones would cry out** - "the stones would call out praises" +"tell your disciples to stop doing these things" + +# I tell you + +Jesus said this to emphasize what he would say next. + +# if these were silent ... cry out + +This is a hypothetical situation. Some translators may need to make it clear what Jesus was implying when he said this: "no, I will not rebuke them, for if these people were to be silent ... cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the stones would cry out + +"the stones would call out praises" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/41.md b/luk/19/41.md index 949c5029b7..c58b2f953f 100644 --- a/luk/19/41.md +++ b/luk/19/41.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the city -* [[en:tw:peace]] +This refers to Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# he wept over it -* **drew near** - "approached" or "went near" -* **the city** - This refers to Jerusalem. -* **he wept over it** - The word "it" refers to the city of Jerusalem, but it represents the people who lived in that city. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **If only you had known** - This can be translated as "I wish so much that you knew or "I am very sad because you do not know." This is an exclamation. Jesus was expressing his sadness that the people of Jerusalem did not know these things. The implied information can be added to the end of the sentence: "then you could have had peace." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **you** - The word "you" is singular because Jesus was speaking to the city. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of "you" to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **they are hidden from your eyes** - This can be translated as "you can no longer see them" or "you are unable to know it" (UDB). +The word "it" refers to the city of Jerusalem, but it represents the people who lived in that city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If only you had known ... bring you peace + +Jesus expressed his sadness that the people of Jerusalem had missed the opportunity to be at peace with God. + +# you + +The word "you" is singular because Jesus was speaking to the city. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of "you" to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# they are hidden from your eyes + +"your eyes" refer to the ability to see. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can no longer see them" or "you are unable to know it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/43.md b/luk/19/43.md index 53bca229a8..df3bb5c6d3 100644 --- a/luk/19/43.md +++ b/luk/19/43.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Jesus continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# For -* Jesus continues speaking outside the city of Jerusalem. -* **For** - What follows is the reason for Jesus' sadness. -* **the days will come upon you** - This indicates that they would experience hard times. Some languages do not talk about time coming. So this can be translated as "In the future these things will happen to you" or "Soon you will endure troublesome times." -* **you** - The word “you” is singular because Jesus was speaking to the city. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of “you” to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **barricade** - A barricade is a wall to keep the people from getting out of the city. -* **They will strike you down to the ground** - Since Jesus was speaking to the city, this refers to the walls and buildings of the city. It can also be translated as "They will destroy your walls" or "They will destroy your city." -* **and your children within you** - This refers to the people who lived in the city. If you have used the plural form of you in this passage, this could also be translated as "and they will kill you people in the city." -* **They will not leave one stone upon another** - This is a hyperbole to express how completely the enemies would destroy the city which was built of stones. It can be translated as "They will not leave any of the stones in place." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **you did not know** - "you did not recognize" or "you did not acknowledge" +What follows is the reason for Jesus' sadness. + +# the days will come upon you + +This indicates that they would experience difficult times. Some languages do not talk about time coming. AT: "in the future these things will happen to you" or "soon you will endure troublesome times" + +# you + +The word "you" is singular because Jesus was speaking to the city. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of "you" to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# barricade + +This refers to a wall to keep the people from getting out of the city. + +# They will strike you down to the ground + +Since Jesus was speaking to the city, this refers to the walls and buildings of the city. AT: "They will destroy your walls" or "They will destroy your city" + +# your children with you + +This refers to the people who lived in the city. AT: "they will kill you people in the city" + +# They will not leave one stone upon another + +"They will not leave any of the stones in place." This is a hyperbole to express that the enemies would completely destroy the city, which was built of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# you did not recognize it + +"you did not acknowledge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/45.md b/luk/19/45.md index 21d21c36be..b2b4313a98 100644 --- a/luk/19/45.md +++ b/luk/19/45.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This is the next event in this part of the story. Jesus enters the temple in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Jesus entered the temple -* **cast out** - "throw out" or "chase out" or "force them to leave" -* **it is written** - This can be translated as "The scriptures say" or "a prophet wrote these words in the scriptures." This is a quotation from Isaiah [[:en:bible:notes:isa:56:06]]. -* **my house** - The word "my" refers to God. -* **house of prayer** - "a place where people pray to me" -* **a den of robbers** - "a place where robbers hide out." This is a metaphor. It can be translated with a simile as "like a den of robbers." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +It may be helpful to state that he entered Jerusalem first, where the temple was located. AT: "Jesus entered Jerusalem and then went to the temple courtyard" + +# entered the temple + +Only priests were allowed to enter the temple building. AT: "went into the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# cast out + +"throw out" or "force out" + +# It is written + +This is a quotation from Isaiah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The scriptures say" or "A prophet wrote these words in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My house + +The word "My" refers to God and "house" refers to the temple. + +# house of prayer + +"a place where people pray to me" + +# a den of robbers + +Jesus speaks of the temple as if it was a place where thieves come together. AT: "a place where thieves hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/47.md b/luk/19/47.md index e167564e32..16b5341a49 100644 --- a/luk/19/47.md +++ b/luk/19/47.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:jewishleaders]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This is the end of this part of the story. These verses tell about on-going action that continues after the main part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# in the temple -* **in the temple** - "in the temple courtyard" or "at the temple" -* **chief priests** - "highest-ranking priests" of "most important priests" -* **were listening to him intently** - “were paying close attention to what Jesus was saying” +"in the temple courtyard" or "at the temple" + +# were listening to him intently + +"were paying close attention to what Jesus was saying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/intro.md b/luk/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..56e2186865 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Luke 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Luke 19:11-27 forms a single parable. This parable instructs believers how to live in light of the coming kingdom of God because they wrongly believed that the kingdom was going to appear very quickly. Although the kingdom could appear at any time, this does not mean it is going to happen today or tomorrow, just that it could. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Sinner" ##### +The Pharisees refer to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality the leaders were also sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### Stewardship ##### + +Although this word is not used in this chapter, it is a concept which plays a significant part of the teaching of this chapter. Stewardship is being trustworthy in the handling of the things which have been entrusted to you. God expects each person to use the gifts that he has given to them. This includes not only the natural gifts or abilities that God has given to man, but a person's life lived in expectation of eternal life. God also expects people to live in the expectation of the imminent return of Jesus. + +##### Colt ##### + +The way in which Jesus entered into Jerusalem, mounted on an animal, was similar to the way a king would have entered into a city after a great victory. It was traditional for the kings of Israel to ride on a donkey. There was also a donkey present with a colt but it is unclear which animal Jesus rode. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these two passages. (See:[Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md)) + +##### Spreading the garments and branches ##### + +This was a way to honor a king. + +##### "[Jesus] began to cast out those who were selling" ##### +Jesus is recorded as cleaning the ungodly merchants from the temple. This event shows the authority Jesus had over the temple and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/01.md b/luk/20/01.md index 35af29ac80..869c6c0973 100644 --- a/luk/20/01.md +++ b/luk/20/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The chief priests, scribes, and elders questioned Jesus in the temple. -## translationNotes +# It came about -* **It came about** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# in the temple + +"in the temple courtyard" or "at the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/03.md b/luk/20/03.md index 163b5e66b9..a2884f297e 100644 --- a/luk/20/03.md +++ b/luk/20/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] +Jesus responds to the chief priests, scribes, and elders. -## translationNotes +# He answered and said to them -* **He answered and said to them** - "Jesus replied" -* **The baptism of John, was it from heaven, or from men?"** - This can be translated as "Was John's authority to baptize people from heaven or from men?" or "Did God tell John to baptize people, or did people tell him to do it?" -* **from heaven** - “from God.” Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name “Yahweh.” Often they used the word “heaven” to refer to him. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Jesus replied" + +# Was it from heaven or from men? + +Jesus knew that John's authority came from heaven. He asked the question so the Jewish leaders would have to tell what they thought to all who were listening. AT: "Do you think John's authority to baptize people came from heaven or from men?" or "Do you think God told John to baptize people, or did people tell him to do it?" + +# from heaven + +"from God." Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name "Yahweh." Often they used the word "heaven" to refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/05.md b/luk/20/05.md index 5fad542a1c..22835a7fe1 100644 --- a/luk/20/05.md +++ b/luk/20/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They reasoned -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +"They discussed" or "They considered their answer" -## translationNotes +# with themselves -* **They reasoned** - This may also be translated as "They discussed" or "They considered their answer." -* **From heaven** - "From God." Depending on how the question was translated in the previous verse, this may be translated as "God did" or "God authorized him." Some languages might prefer an indirect quote. The beginning of this sentence can be translated as "If we say that God authorized him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **he will say** - "Jesus will say" -* **stone us** - "kill us by throwing stones on us." God's Law commanded that his people stone those of his people who mocked him or his prophets. +"among themselves" or "with each other" + +# If we say, 'From heaven,' + +Some languages might prefer an indirect quote. AT: "'If we say that John's authority is from heaven," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# From heaven + +"From God." Depending on how the question was translated in the previous verse, this may be translated as "God did" or "God authorized him." + +# he will say + +"Jesus will say" + +# if we say, 'From men,' + +Some languages might prefer an indirect quote. AT: "if we say that John's authority is from men," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# stone us + +"kill us by throwing stones on us." God's Law commanded that his people stone those of his people who mocked him or his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/07.md b/luk/20/07.md index 2f89b30d0a..f05cad509d 100644 --- a/luk/20/07.md +++ b/luk/20/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# So they answered -* [[en:tw:authority]] +"So the chief priests, scribes and elders answered." The word "so" marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, they had reasoned with themselves in [Luke 20:5-6](./05.md), and they did not have an answer they wanted to say. -## translationNotes +# they answered that they did not know where it came from -* **And they answered** - "The chief priests, scribes and elders answered" -* **they answered that they did not know** - Some languages may prefer a direct quote. "They said, 'We do not know'" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **where it came from** - "where John's baptism came from." It can be translated as "where John's authority to baptize came from" or "who authorized John to baptize people." -* **Neither will I tell you** - This could be translated as "And I will not tell you" or "Just as you will not tell me, I will not tell you." +This could be stated as a direct quote. AT: "they said, 'We do not know where it came from'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# where it came from + +"where John's baptism came from." AT: "where John's authority to baptize came from" or "who authorized John to baptize people" + +# Neither will I tell you + +"And I will not tell you." Jesus knew they were not willing to tell him the answer, so he responded in the same manner. AT: "Just as you will not tell me, I will not tell you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/09.md b/luk/20/09.md index f01e4bf4c0..c13b001c6b 100644 --- a/luk/20/09.md +++ b/luk/20/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Jesus begins to tell a parable to the people in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# rented it out to vine growers -* **rented it out to vine growers** - "allowed some vine growers to use it in exchange for money" or "allowed some vine growers to use it and pay him later" -* **vine growers** - These are people who tend grape vines and grow grapes. It can be translated as "grape farmers." -* **of the fruit of the vineyard** - "some of the grapes" or "some of what they produced in the vineyard." It could also refer to things made from grapes or the money they earned by selling the grapes. -* **sent him away empty-handed** - handed** - This can be translated as "sent him away without paying him" or "sent him away without the grapes." +"allowed some vine growers to use it in exchange for payment" or "allowed some vine growers to use it and pay him later." Payment might be in the form of money, or a portion of the harvest. + +# vine growers + +These are people who tend grape vines and grow grapes. AT: "grape farmers" + +# the appointed time + +"the time they had agreed to pay him." This would have been at the harvest time. + +# of the fruit of the vineyard + +"some of the grapes" or "some of what they produced in the vineyard." It could also refer to the things they made from grapes or the money they earned by selling the grapes. + +# sent him away empty-handed + +An empty hand is a metaphor for "nothing." AT: "sent him away without paying him" or "sent him away without the grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/11.md b/luk/20/11.md index 3b6758354f..38f7673229 100644 --- a/luk/20/11.md +++ b/luk/20/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# beat him -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +"beat that servant" -## translationNotes +# treated him shamefully -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **treated him shamefully** - "humiliated him" -* **wounded him** - "injured him" -* **yet a third** - "even a third servant." The word "yet" hints at the fact that the landowner should not have had to send the second servant, but he went beyond that and sent a third servant. +"humiliated him" + +# yet a third + +"even a third servant" or "yet another servant." The word "yet" hints at the fact that the landowner should not have had to send the second servant, but he went beyond that and sent a third servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# wounded him + +"injured that servant" + +# threw him out + +"threw him out of the vineyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/13.md b/luk/20/13.md index d5f24ad00c..7fc52b87c4 100644 --- a/luk/20/13.md +++ b/luk/20/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# What will I do? -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This question emphasizes the decision of the vineyard owner. AT: "Here is what I will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# when the vine growers saw him -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **when the vine growers saw him** - "when the farmers saw the owner's son" +"when the farmers saw the owner's son" + +# Let us kill him + +They were not asking permission. The said this to encourage each other to kill the heir. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/15.md b/luk/20/15.md index 0b8eb6b12e..48a2102056 100644 --- a/luk/20/15.md +++ b/luk/20/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Jesus finishes telling his parable to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# They threw him out of the vineyard -* Jesus continues telling his parable. -* **They threw him out of the vineyard** - "The vine growers forced the son out of the vineyard" -* **What then will the lord of the vineyard do to them?** - Jesus used this rhetorical question to get his listeners to pay attention to what the owner of the vineyard would do. It can be translated as a command: "So now, listen to what the lord of the vineyard will do to them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **God forbid!** - "May God stop it from happening!" or "May it never happen!" The people understood this parable to mean that God would remove them from Jerusalem because they would reject the Messiah. They strongly expressed their desire that this terrible thing would not happen. (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) +"The vine growers forced the son out of the vineyard" + +# What then will the lord of the vineyard do to them? + +Jesus used a question to get his listeners to pay attention to what the owner of the vineyard would do. AT: "So now, listen to what the lord of the vineyard will do to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# God forbid! + +"May God stop it from happening!" or "May it never happen!" The people understood this parable to mean that God would remove them from Jerusalem because they would reject the Messiah. They strongly expressed their desire that this terrible thing would not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/17.md b/luk/20/17.md index a11ccc87de..0770fcc696 100644 --- a/luk/20/17.md +++ b/luk/20/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Jesus continues teaching the crowd. -## translationNotes +# But Jesus looked at them -* Jesus continues to speak to the crowd. -* **But he looked at them** - "But Jesus stared at them" or "But he looked straight at them." He did this to hold them accountable to understand what he was saying. -* **What does this scripture mean** - This rhetorical question can also be translated as "Then what was this scripture talking about?" or "You should be able to understand this scripture." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The stone which the builders rejected has been made the cornerstone** - This metaphor is a prophecy from Psalm [[:en:bible:notes:psa:118:022]] about how people would reject the Messiah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The stone which the builders rejected** - "The stone which the builders said was not good enough for building with." In those days people built the walls of houses and other buildings out of stones. -* **the cornerstone** - This was an important stone for making a building stable. It can be translated as "the chief stone" or "the most important stone." -* **Everyone that falls on that stone** - "Anyone who falls down onto that stone." This metaphor is a prophecy about what will happen to everyone who rejects the Messiah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **will be broken to pieces** - "will break up into pieces." This is a result of falling onto the stone. -* **But on whomever it falls** - "But whomever that stone falls on." This metaphor is a prophecy about the Messiah judging those who reject him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"But Jesus stared at them" or "But he looked straight at them." He did this to hold them accountable to understand what he was saying. + +# What is the meaning of that which is written: 'The stone ... cornerstone'? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the crowd. AT: "You should be able to understand that which is written: 'The stone ... cornerstone.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that which is written + +"this scripture" + +# The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone + +This is the first of three metaphors in a prophecy from the book of Psalms. This one refers to the Messiah as if he were a stone that builders chose not to use, but that God made the most important stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The stone that the builders rejected + +"The stone which the builders said was not good enough to use for building." In those days people built the walls of houses and other buildings out of stones. + +# the builders + +This refers to the religious rulers who are rejecting Jesus as Messiah. + +# the cornerstone + +"the chief stone of the building" or "the most important stone of the building" + +# Every one who falls ... broken to pieces + +This second metaphor speaks of people who reject the Messiah as if they fall over a stone and are injured. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be broken to pieces + +This is a result of falling onto the stone. It can be stated in active form. AT: "will break up into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But on whomever it falls + +"But whomever that stone falls on." This third metaphor speaks about the Messiah judging those who reject him as if he were a large stone that would crush them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/19.md b/luk/20/19.md index 2dee419ce2..60fa0ec2f7 100644 --- a/luk/20/19.md +++ b/luk/20/19.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# sought to lay hands on him -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +This expression refers to people exercising authority over the disciples. AT: "looked for a way to arrest Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# in that very hour -* **sought to lay hands on him** - AT: "looked for a way to arrest Jesus." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in that very hour** - "immediately" -* **they were afraid of the people** - This is the reason that they did not arrest Jesus right away. The people respected Jesus, and the religious leaders were afraid of what the people might do if they arrested him. Some translations may need to make this explicit: "But they did not arrest him because they were afraid of the people." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **they sent out spies** - "the scribes and chief priests sent spies to watch Jesus" -* **that they might find fault with his speech** - "they wanted to accuse Jesus of saying something bad" -* **so as to deliver him up to** - "in order to bring him to" or "so that they might hand him over to" -* **to the rule and to the authority of the governor** - "Rule" and "authority" are two ways of saying the same thing. It can be translated with one or both expressions. The reason for handing Jesus over to the governor can be made explicit: "so that the governor would punish Jesus." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"immediately" + +# they were afraid of the people + +This is the reason that they did not arrest Jesus right away. The people respected Jesus, and the religious leaders were afraid of what the people might do if they arrested him. AT: "they did not arrest him because they were afraid of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they sent out spies + +"the scribes and chief priests sent spies to watch Jesus" + +# that they might find fault with his speech + +"because they wanted to accuse Jesus of saying something bad" + +# so as to deliver him up to + +"in order to bring him to" or "so that they might hand him over to" + +# to the rule and to the authority of the governor + +"Rule" and "authority" are two ways of saying that they wanted the governor to judge Jesus. It can be translated with one or both expressions. AT: "so that the governor would punish Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/21.md b/luk/20/21.md index 539d1e1575..c05cf1a04a 100644 --- a/luk/20/21.md +++ b/luk/20/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:tax]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This is the beginning of the next event in this part of the story. Some time has passed since Jesus was questioned in the temple by the chief priests. The spies are now questioning Jesus. -## translationNotes +# They asked him -* **but you teach the truth about the way of God** - This is part of what the spy was saying that they knew about Jesus. -* **are not influenced by anyone** - Possible meanings are 1) "you tell the truth even if important people do not like it" (UDB) or 2) "you do not favor one person over another." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar** - They hoped that Jesus would say either "yes" or "no." If he said "yes," then the Jewish people would be angry with him for telling them to pay taxes to a foreign government. If he said "no," then the religious leaders could tell the Romans that Jesus was teaching the people to break the Roman laws. -* **Is it lawful** - They were asking about God's law, not about Caesar's law. This can also be translated "Does our law permit us." -* **Caesar** - Because Caesar was the ruler of the Roman government, they could refer to the Roman government by Caesar's name. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"The spies asked Jesus" + +# Teacher, we know ... way of God + +The spies were trying to deceive Jesus. They did not believe these things about Jesus. + +# we know + +"we" refers only to the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# are not influenced by anyone's position + +Possible meanings are 1) "you tell the truth even if important people do not like it" or 2) "you do not favor one person over another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but you teach the truth about the way of God + +This is part of what the spies were saying that they knew about Jesus. + +# Is it lawful ... or not? + +They hoped that Jesus would say either "yes" or "no." If he said "yes," then the Jewish people would be angry with him for telling them to pay taxes to a foreign government. If he said "no," then the religious leaders could tell the Romans that Jesus was teaching the people to break the Roman laws. + +# Is it lawful + +They were asking about God's law, not about Caesar's law. AT: "Does our law permit us" + +# Caesar + +Because Caesar was the ruler of the Roman government, they could refer to the Roman government by Caesar's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/23.md b/luk/20/23.md index 21e3e940e6..85d2552588 100644 --- a/luk/20/23.md +++ b/luk/20/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# But Jesus understood their craftiness -* [[en:tw:caesar]] +"But Jesus understood how tricky they were" or "But Jesus saw that they were trying to trap him." The word "their" refers to the spies. -## translationNotes +# a denarius -* **But Jesus understood their craftiness** - "But Jesus understood how tricky they were" or "But Jesus saw that they were trying to trap him" -* **a denarius** - a coin worth a day's wages. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **image and superscription** - "picture and name" +This is a Roman silver coin worth a day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Whose image and name is on it? + +Jesus uses a question to respond to those who were trying to trick him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# image and name + +"picture and name" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/25.md b/luk/20/25.md index aa13c775f8..1e6a9c9271 100644 --- a/luk/20/25.md +++ b/luk/20/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +This is the end of this event about the spies and the part of the story which began in [Luke 20:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# He said to them -* **He said to them** - "Then Jesus said to them" -* **Caesar** - "Caesar" refers to the Roman government. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **were not able to criticize what he said** - "could not find anything wrong with what he said" -* **They marveled** - "They were surprised" or "They were amazed" (UDB) +"Then Jesus said to them" + +# Caesar + +Here "Caesar" refers to the Roman government. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and to God + +It may be helpful to insert the missing word "give." AT: "and give to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# They were not able to find fault with what he had said + +"The spies could not find anything wrong with what he said" + +# but marvelling at his answer they were silent + +"but they were amazed at his answer and did not saying anthing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/27.md b/luk/20/27.md index ab0126e09a..617c5512c1 100644 --- a/luk/20/27.md +++ b/luk/20/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +This is the next part of the story. We do not know where this take places, though it is possible they are in the temple courtyard. Jesus is talking with some Sadducees. -## translationNotes +# the ones who say that there is no resurrection -* **the ones who say that there is no resurrection** - This phrase identifies the Sadducees as being the group of Jews that say that no one would rise from the dead. It does not imply that some Sadducees believed that there is a resurrection and some did not. -* **if a man's brother dies, haven a wife, and being childless** - "if a man's brother dies when he has a wife but does not have children" -* **and being childless** - "but not having children" -* **the man should take the brother's wife** - "the man should marry his dead brother's widow" +This phrase identifies the Sadducees as being the group of Jews that say that no one would rise from the dead. It does not imply that some Sadducees believed that there is a resurrection and some did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# if a man's brother dies, having a wife, and being childless + +"if a man's brother dies when he has a wife but does not have children" + +# the man should take the brother's wife + +"the man should marry his dead brother's widow" + +# have a child for his brother + +The Jews considered the children born from this kind of second marriage to belong to the dead man. They inherited his property and possessions and carried on his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/29.md b/luk/20/29.md index d81b188639..21162baeb1 100644 --- a/luk/20/29.md +++ b/luk/20/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +The Sadducees finish asking Jesus their question. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The Sadducees continue speaking and tell Jesus a story. -* **There were seven brothers** - This may have happened, but it is probably a story that they made up to test Jesus. -* **died childless** - "died without having any children" or "died, but did not have any children" -* **the second as well** - This can be translated as "the second married her and the same thing happened" or "the second brother married her and died without having any children." -* **The third took her** - "the third married her" -* **likewise the seven also left no children, and died** - This can be translated as "in the same way the rest of the seven brothers married her and had no children and died." -* **In the resurrection** - "when people are raised from the dead" or "when dead people will become alive again" (UDB). Some languages have a way of showing that the Sadducees did not believe that there would be a resurrection, such as "In the supposed resurrection" or "When dead people are supposedly raised from the dead." +The Sadducees tell Jesus a short story in verses 29-32. This is a story they made up as an example. In verse 33, they ask Jesus a question about the story they told. + +# There were seven brothers + +This may have happened, but it is probably a story that they made up to test Jesus. + +# the first ... the second ... The third + +"brother number one ... brother number two ... Brother number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# died childless + +"died without having any children" or "died, but did not have any children" + +# the second as well + +They did not repeat many of the details to keep the story short. AT: "the second married her and the same thing happened" or "the second brother married her and died without having any children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# The third took her + +"The third married her" + +# likewise the seven also left no children, and died + +They did not repeat many of the details to keep the story short. AT: "in the same way the rest of the seven brothers married her and had no children and died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the seven + +"all seven of the brothers" or "each of the seven brothers" + +# In the resurrection + +"When people are raised from the dead" or "When dead people will become alive again." Some languages have a way of showing that the Sadducees did not believe that there would be a resurrection, such as "In the supposed resurrection" or "When dead people are supposedly raised from the dead." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/34.md b/luk/20/34.md index 78c805f7b6..1df5365c33 100644 --- a/luk/20/34.md +++ b/luk/20/34.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sonsofgod]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Jesus begins to answer the Sadducees. -## translationNotes +# The sons of this world -* **The sons of this world** - "The people of this world" or "The people of this time." This is in contrast with those in heaven or the people who live after the resurrection. -* **marry and are given in marriage** - In that culture they spoke of men marrying women and women being given in marriage to their husband. This can also be translated as "get married." -* **they that are judged to be worthy** - "the people whom God has considered to be worthy" -* **to receive the resurrection** - "to be raised from the dead" or "to rise from the dead" -* **neither marry, nor are given in marriage** - "will not get married." This is after the resurrection. -* **Neither can they die anymore** - This can be translated as "They will not be able to die anymore." This is after the resurrection. -* **and are sons of God, being sons of the resurrection** - This can be translated as "will be shown to be sons of God, when they have been raised from the dead." -* **sons of God** - "children of God" -* **sons of the resurrection** - "people who have been raised from the dead" +"The people of this world" or "The people of this time." This is in contrast with those in heaven or the people who live after the resurrection. + +# marry and are given in marriage + +In that culture they spoke of men marrying women and women being given in marriage to their husband. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "get married" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who are regarded as worthy in that age + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people in that age whom God will consider to be worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to receive the resurrection from the dead ones + +"to be raised from the dead" or "to rise from death" + +# will neither marry nor be given in marriage + +In that culture they spoke of men marrying women and women being given in marriage to their husband. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "will not marry" or "will not get married." This is after the resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Neither can they die anymore + +This is after the resurrection. AT: "They will not be able to die anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are sons of God, being sons of the resurrection + +"are children of God because he has brought them back from the dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/37.md b/luk/20/37.md index 77c31777cc..e5156a94ab 100644 --- a/luk/20/37.md +++ b/luk/20/37.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Jesus finishes answering the Sadducees. -## translationNotes +# But that the dead are raised, even Moses showed -* Jesus continues speaking. -* **But that the dead are raised, even Moses showed** - "But even Moses showed that dead people are raised from death." The word "even" is here because the Sadducees might not have been surprised that some scriptures say that the dead are raised, but they did not expect Moses to have written something like that. -* **in the place concerning the bush** - "In the part of scripture where he wrote about the burning bush" or "in the scripture about the burning bush" -* **when he calls the Lord** - "when Moses called the Lord" -* **the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob** - "The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob." They all worshiped the same God. -* **Now he is not the God of the dead** - "The Lord is not the God of dead people" or "The Lord is not the God of people who have died and whose spirits are also dead" -* **but of the living** - "but the God of living people" or "the God of people whose spirits are alive." If this is unclear, you may need to add the implied information: "even though their bodies may have died." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **because all live to him** - "because in God's sight they all are still alive." This can also be translated as "because God knows that their spirits are alive." +The word "even" is here because the Sadducees might not have been surprised that some scriptures say that the dead are raised, but they did not expect Moses to have written something like that. AT: "But even Moses showed that dead people rise from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the place concerning the bush + +"in the part of scripture where he wrote about the burning bush" or "in the scripture about the burning bush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where he calls the Lord + +"where Moses called the Lord" + +# the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob + +"the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob." They all worshiped the same God. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Jesus explains how this story proves that people rise from the dead. + +# he is not the God of the dead, but of the living + +These two sentences have similar meaning said twice for emphasis. Some languages have different ways of showing emphasis. AT: "the Lord is the God of living people only" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# but of the living + +"but the God of living people." Since these people died physically, they must still be alive spiritually. AT: "but the God of people whose spirits are alive, even though their bodies may have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because all live to him + +"because in God's sight they all are still alive" or "because their spirits are alive in God's presence" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/39.md b/luk/20/39.md index 16da33e912..ce0e1b1cc5 100644 --- a/luk/20/39.md +++ b/luk/20/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Some of the scribes answered -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +"Some of the scribes said to Jesus." There were scribes present when the Sadducees were questioning Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# For they -* **Some of the scribes answered** - "Some of the scribes said to Jesus" -* **they did not dare ask him** - "they were afraid to ask him" or "they did not risk asking him." The implied information about the purpose of the questions and their reason for not asking can be made explicit. "They did ask him any more tricky questions because they feared that his wise answers would make them appear foolish again." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +It is unclear if this refers to the scribes, or the Sadducees, or both. It is best to keep the statement general. + +# they did not dare ask him any more questions + +"they were afraid to ask ... questions" or "they did not risk asking ... questions." They understood that they did not know as much as Jesus did, but they did not want to say that. This can be made explicit. AT: "they did ask him any more tricky questions because they feared that his wise answers would make them appear foolish again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/41.md b/luk/20/41.md index 284a64c182..ce5596aac4 100644 --- a/luk/20/41.md +++ b/luk/20/41.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Jesus asks the scribes a question. -## translationNotes +# How do they say ... son? -* **How do they say** - This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as "Why do they say" or "Let's think about them saying" or "I will talk about them saying." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **David's son** - "King David's descendant." The word "son" is used here to refer to a descendant. In this case it refers to the one who would reign over God's kingdom. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **The Lord said to my Lord** - This can be translated as "The Lord God said to my Lord" or "God said to my Lord." This is a quotation from Psalm [[:en:bible:notes:psa:110:001]] which says "Yahweh said to my Lord." But the Jews stopped saying "Yahweh" and often said "Lord" instead. -* **my Lord** - David was referring to the Christ as "my Lord." -* **my right hand** - The right side is the place of honor. God was honoring the Messiah by saying "Sit at my right hand." -* **until I make your enemies your footstool** - This is a metaphor. It can be translated as "until I make your enemies like a footstool for you" or "until I conquer your enemies for you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **so how is he David's son?** - "so how can the Christ be David's son?" This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as "This shows that the Christ is not merely David's descendant." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Why do they say ... son?" Jesus uses a question to make the scribes think about who the Messiah is. AT: "Let's think about them saying ... son." or "I will talk about them saying ... son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they say + +The prophets, the religious rulers, and the Jewish people in general knew that the Messiah was the son of David. AT: "everyone says" or "people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# David's son + +"King David's descendant." The word "son" is used here to refer to a descendant. In this case it refers to the one who would reign over God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The Lord said to my Lord + +This is a quotation from the book of Psalms which says "Yahweh said to my Lord." But the Jews stopped saying "Yahweh" and often said "Lord" instead. AT: "The Lord God said to my Lord" or "God said to my Lord" + +# my Lord + +David was referring to the Christ as "my Lord." + +# my right hand + +The right side is the place of honor. God was honoring the Messiah by telling him to sit in the place of honor on the throne beside God. + +# until I make your enemies your footstool + +The Messiah's enemies are spoken of as if they were furniture on which he would rest his feet. This was an image of submission. AT: "until I make your enemies like a footstool for you" or "until I conquer your enemies for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# David therefore calls the Christ 'Lord' + +In the culture of that time, a father was more respected than a son. David's us of the title 'Lord' for the Christ implies that he was greater than David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so how is he David's son? + +"so how can the Christ be David's son?" This can be a statement. AT: "this shows that the Christ is not merely David's descendant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/45.md b/luk/20/45.md index 2cfcfdff5b..a3de11beaa 100644 --- a/luk/20/45.md +++ b/luk/20/45.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Jesus now directs his attention to his disciples and speaks mainly to them. -## translationNotes +# Beware of -* **Beware of** - "Be on guard against" -* **who desire to walk in long robes** - Long robes would show that they were important. This can be translated as "who like to walk around wearing their important robes." -* **they also devour widows' houses** - "they also eat up widows' houses". This is a metaphor that means "they also take away from widows all their possessions." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **houses** - The word "houses" here refers to all their possessions. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **pretentiously make long prayers** - "they pretend to be righteous and make long prayers" or "they make long prayers so that people will see them" -* **pretentiously** - "so that others will think that they are something they are not" or "so that others will think that they are better than they are" -* **These will receive greater condemnation** - This can be translated as "They will receive greater condemnation than others" or "God will punish them more severely than others." +"Be on guard against" + +# who desire to walk in long robes + +Long robes would show that they were important. AT: "who like to walk around wearing their important robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They also devour widows' houses + +"They also eat up widows' houses." The scribes are spoken of as if they were hungry animals that eat up everything the widows have. AT: "They also take away from widows all their possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# widows' houses + +This expression refers to all of the widows' possessions. AT: "all their possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for a show they make long prayers + +"they pretend to be righteous and make long prayers" or "they make long prayers so that people will see them" + +# Men like this will receive greater condemnation + +"They will receive a more severe judgment." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will certainly punish them very severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/intro.md b/luk/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e2aee3c238 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Luke 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 20:17, 42-43, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trap ##### +This chapter contains two questions designed to catch someone admitting something they do not wish to say. Jesus asks a question of the Pharisees that traps them by forcing them to either admit they believe John the Baptist was a prophet or anger the Jews by denying this. The leaders tried to trap Jesus by asking him about paying taxes to the Roman government. Answering yes would anger the Jews and answering no would anger the Romans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or that appears to contradict itself. In this chapter, Jesus quotes a psalm that records David as calling his son "lord," that is, "master." However, to the Jews, their ancestors were greater than their descendants. In this passage, Jesus is trying to lead his hearers to the true understanding that the Messiah will himself be divine, and that he himself is the Messiah. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/01.md b/luk/21/01.md index 56e3b141c8..35827a4aaa 100644 --- a/luk/21/01.md +++ b/luk/21/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] +This is the next event in the story. Possible setting: 1) this may have occurred on the same day that Jesus was questioned by the Sadducees ([Luke 20:27](../20/27.md)) or 2) this may be a different day. Jesus begins teaching his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# gifts -* **gifts** - "gifts of money" -* **treasury** - "collection box" or "money box" or "temple offering box" (UDB). This was one of the boxes at the temple where people put money as a gift to God. -* **two mites** - "two small coins" or "two tiny copper coins." These were the least valuable of the coins people used then. This can be translated as the least valuable coin in your local money system, such as "two pennies." (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **I say to you** - Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **gave gifts out of their abundance** - This can be translated as "have a lot of money and gave some of it." -* **out of her poverty, put in all** - This can be translated as "has very little, yet she put in all." -* **out of her poverty** - "from what she needed" or "from the little she has" +"gifts of money" + +# treasury + +"collection box" or "money box." This was one of the boxes in the temple courtyard where people put money as a gift to God. + +# a certain poor widow + +This is a way of introducing a new character to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# two mites + +"two small coins" or "two tiny copper coins." These were the least valuable of the coins people used then. AT: "two pennies" or "two small coins of little value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +This means that what Jesus was about to say was very important. + +# I say to you + +Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# this poor widow put in more than all of them + +God considers her gift, a small amount of money, more significant than the large amounts of money the men gave. AT: "the small gift of this widow was more valuable than larger gifts of the rich men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# gave gifts out of their abundance + +"have a lot of money but only gave a small portion of it" + +# out of her poverty + +"who has very little money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/05.md b/luk/21/05.md index ba81e9793c..0bec1318dd 100644 --- a/luk/21/05.md +++ b/luk/21/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Jesus switches from talking about the widow to teaching about the temple. -## translationNotes +# offerings -* **offerings** - "things people had given to God" -* **the days will come** - "there will be a time" or "someday" -* **not one stone will be left on another** - This can be translated positively: "Every stone will be removed from its place." This can be translated with an active clause: "Enemies will not leave any stone on top of another" (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **which will not be torn down** - This can be translated positively as "They will all be torn down." It can be translated with an active clause: "Enemies will tear down every stone." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"things people had given to God" + +# these things that you see + +This refers to the beautiful temple and its decorations. + +# the days will come when + +"there will be a time when" or "someday" + +# not one stone will be left on another + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "enemies will not leave any stone on top of another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). + +# not one stone will be left ... not be torn down + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "every stone will be removed from its place and they will all be torn down" + +# which will not be torn down + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "They will all be torn down" or "Enemies will tear down every stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/07.md b/luk/21/07.md index 48dc30eb86..655e739c08 100644 --- a/luk/21/07.md +++ b/luk/21/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# they asked him -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +"the disciples asked Jesus" or "Jesus' disciples asked him" -## translationNotes +# these things -* **they asked him** - "the disciples asked Jesus" or "Jesus' disciples asked him" -* **these things** - the things Jesus had just spoken about. Jesus had just spoken about the temple being destroyed. -* **that you are not deceived** - "that you do not believe lies." Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **in my name** - AT: "claiming to be me" or "claiming to have my authority" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the end will not happen immediately** - "the end of the world will not happen immediately after the wars and riots". The noun "the end" can also be translated as a verb: "the world will not end immediately after those things happen." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_partsofspeech]]) -* **the end** - "the end of the world" or "the end of everything" +This refers to what Jesus just said about enemies destroying the temple. + +# that you are not deceived + +Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word "you" is plural. AT: "that you do not believe lies" or "that no one deceives you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in my name + +People coming in his name claim to represent him. AT: "claiming to be me" or "claiming to have my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am he + +"I am the Christ" or "I am the Messiah" + +# wars and riots + +Here "wars" probably refers to fighting between countries, and "riots" probably refers to people fighting against their own leaders or against others in their country. AT: "wars and rebellions" or "wars and revolutions" + +# Do not go after them + +"Do not believe them" or "Do not become their disciples" + +# do not be terrified + +"do not let these things terrify you" or "do not be afraid" + +# the end will not happen immediately + +This refers to the final judgment. AT: "the end of the world will not happen immediately after the wars and riots" or "the world will not end immediately after those things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the end + +"the end of everything" or "the end of the age" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/10.md b/luk/21/10.md index f90e1ce225..473113b3df 100644 --- a/luk/21/10.md +++ b/luk/21/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he said to them -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +"Then Jesus said to his disciples." Since this is a continuation of Jesus speaking from the previous verse, some languages may prefer not to say "Then he said to them." -## translationNotes +# Nation will rise against nation -* **Then he said to them** - "Then Jesus said to his disciples." Since this is just a continuation of Jesus speaking from the previous verse, some languages may prefer not to say "Then he said to them." -* **Nation will rise against nation** - This can be translated as "One nation will attack another nation." -* **Nation** - This refers to ethnic groups of people rather than to countries. -* **kingdom against kingdom** - "kingdom will rise against kingdom" or "one kingdom will attack another" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **famines and plagues** - "there will be famines and plagues" or "times of hunger and diseases that kill many people" -* **terrifying events** - "events that terrify people" or "events that cause people to be very afraid" +Here "nation" is a metonym for the people of the nation, and "rise against" is a metonym for attack. The word "nation" represents nations in general, not one particular nation. AT: "The people of one nation will attack the people of other nations" or "The people of some nations will attack the people of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# Nation + +This refers to ethnic groups of people rather than to countries. + +# kingdom against kingdom + +The words "will rise" are understood from the previous phrase and mean attack. AT: "kingdom will rise against kingdom" or "the people of some kingdoms will attack the people of other kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# in various places famines and plagues + +The words "there will be" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "there will be famines and plagues in many places" or "there will be times of hunger and diseases in different places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# terrifying events + +"events that terrify people" or "events that cause people to be very afraid" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/12.md b/luk/21/12.md index 038cfd46b2..e23ce830ba 100644 --- a/luk/21/12.md +++ b/luk/21/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# these things -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +This refers to the terrible things that Jesus had said would happen. -## translationNotes +# they will lay their hands on you -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. -* **these things** - This refers to the terrible things that Jesus had said would happen in verses [[:en:bible:notes:luk:21:07]]. -* **they will lay their hands on you** - "they will arrest you" or "they will grab you." Some languages will need to say who will do these things: "people will lay their hands on you" or "enemies will lay their hands on you." -* **you** - Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **delivering you over to the synagogues** - "handing you over to the leaders of the synagogues." The leaders of the synagogues could forbid all the other Jews from interacting with the disciples because they follow Jesus. -* **and prisons** - "and delivering you over to the prisons" or "and putting you in prisons." -* **for your testimony** - "for you to tell them your testimony about me" +"they will grab you." This expression refers to people exercising authority over the disciples. AT: "they will arrest you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will + +"people will" or "enemies will" + +# you + +Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# delivering you over to the synagogues + +"handing you over to the leaders of the synagogues." The leaders of the synagogues could forbid all the other Jews from interacting with the disciples because they follow Jesus. + +# and prisons + +"and delivering you over to the prisons" or "and putting you in prisons" + +# because of my name + +The word "name" is here used to refer to Jesus himself. AT: "because of me" or "because you follow me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your testimony + +"for you to tell them your testimony about me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/14.md b/luk/21/14.md index 77e6d7f9fb..c8bc6cc713 100644 --- a/luk/21/14.md +++ b/luk/21/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Because of this." Jesus uses this word here to refer back to everything he has said, beginning in [Luke 21:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## translationNotes +# resolve in your hearts -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. -* **resolve in your heart** - "make up your mind" or "decide firmly" -* **not to prepare your defense** - "not to figure out what you will say in order to defend yourself against their accusations" -* **words and wisdom** - "words of wisdom" or "wise words." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **I will give you words and wisdom** - "I will tell you what wise things to say" -* **which all your adversaries will not be able to resist or contradict** - This means "Your adversaries will not be able to argue against these words or say that these words are wrong." +The "heart" refers to the decisions of the whole person. AT: "make up your mind" or "decide firmly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not to prepare your defense + +"not to figure out what you will say in order to defend yourself against their accusations" + +# I will give you words and wisdom + +"I will tell you what wise things to say" + +# words and wisdom + +These can be combined into one phrase. AT: "words of wisdom" or "wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# which all your adversaries + +This can be the start of a new sentence. AT: "All your adversaries" + +# which all your adversaries will not be able to resist or contradict + +It may be helpful to change the way the negative is used. AT: "none of your adversaries will be able to argue against you or say that you are wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/16.md b/luk/21/16.md index dc23c961ec..c6bce136d3 100644 --- a/luk/21/16.md +++ b/luk/21/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# you will be delivered up also by parents, brothers, relatives and friends -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "even your parents, brothers, relatives, and friends will hand you over to the authorities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# they will put some of you to death -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. -* **you will be delivered up** - "You will be handed over to the authorities" or "You will be betrayed" -* **they will put some of you to death** - "they will kill some of you." Possible meanings are 1) "the authorities will kill some of you" or 2) "Those who deliver you up will kill some of you." The first meaning is more likely. -* **because of my name** - "because of me" or "because you follow me" -* **But not a hair of your head will perish** - This can be translated positively as "Even every hair on your head will be safe." This is a figure of speech that means "You will not be harmed at all." It refers to one of the smallest parts of a person to emphasize that the whole person will not perish. Jesus had already said that some of them would be put to death. So some understand this to mean that they would not be harmed spiritually, as in "But these things cannot really harm you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **By your endurance** - "By holding firm." It can be translated as "If you do not quit." -* **you will gain your souls** - "you will receive life" or "you will live forever" +"they will kill some of you." Possible meanings are 1) "the authorities will kill some of you" or 2) "those who deliver you up will kill some of you." The first meaning is more likely. + +# You will be hated by everyone + +This can be translated in active form. The word "everyone" emphasizes how many people will hate the disciples, either through 1) exaggeration AT: "It will seem like you are hated by everyone" or "It will seem like everyone hates you" or 2) a generalization. AT: "You will be hated by most people" or "Most people will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# because of my name + +"my name" here refers to Jesus. AT: "because of me" or "because you follow me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But not a hair of your head will perish + +This refers to one of the smallest parts of a person to emphasize that the whole person will not perish. Jesus had already said that some of them would be put to death. So some understand this to mean that they would not be harmed spiritually. AT: "But these things cannot really harm you" or "Even every hair on your head will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# In your endurance + +"By holding firm." This can be stated in the opposite way. AT: "If you do not quit" + +# you will gain your souls + +The "soul" was understood to represent the eternal part of a person. AT: "you will receive life" or "you will save yourselves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/20.md b/luk/21/20.md index e7243a3b59..6592d09130 100644 --- a/luk/21/20.md +++ b/luk/21/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Jerusalem surrounded by armies -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "armies surrounding Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# that its destruction is near -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. -* **Jerusalem surrounded by armies** - This can be expressed with an active verb: "armies surrounding Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that its destruction is near** - "that it will soon be destroyed" or "that they will soon destroy it" -* **flee** - "run away from danger" -* **these are days of vengeance** - "these are days of punishment" or "in these days people will be punished" or "this is the time when God will punish the city" (UDB) -* **the things that are written** - "the things that are written in the scriptures" +"that it will soon be destroyed" or "that they will soon destroy it" + +# flee + +"run away from danger" + +# in the country + +This refers to the rural areas outside Jerusalem, and not to the nation. AT: "outside the city" + +# enter it + +"enter Jerusalem" + +# these are days of vengeance + +"these are days of punishment" or "this will be the time when God will punish this city" + +# all the things that are written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the things that the prophets wrote in the scriptures long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/23.md b/luk/21/23.md index 09f9da0c1d..fb43c6f990 100644 --- a/luk/21/23.md +++ b/luk/21/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# to them who are nursing -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +"to mothers who are nursing their babies" -## translationNotes +# there will be great distress upon the land -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. -* **there will be great distress upon the land** - Possible meanings are 1) the people of the land will be distressed and 2) there will be physical disasters in the land. -* **wrath to this people** - "there will be wrath to this people." This can be translated as "this people will experience God's anger" or "God will be very angry with this people." The implied information about punishment can be made clear: "this people will be punished" or "God will punish this people." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **they will fall by the edge of the sword** - "they will be killed by the edge of the sword." This refers to being killed by enemy soldiers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they will be led captive into all the nations** - This can be translated with an active clause: "Their enemies will capture them and take them to other countries." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Jerusalem will be trampled by the Gentiles** - Possible meanings are 1) the Gentiles will conquer Jerusalem and occupy it or 2) the Gentiles will destroy the city of Jerusalem or 3) the Gentiles will destroy the people of Jerusalem. +Possible meanings are 1) the people of the land will be distressed or 2) there will be physical disasters in the land. + +# wrath to this people + +"there will be wrath to the people at that time." God will bring this wrath. AT: "this people will experience God's anger" or "God will be very angry and will punish this people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They will fall by the edge of the sword + +"They will be killed by the edge of the sword." Here "fall by the edge of the sword" represents being killed by enemy soldiers. AT: "Enemy soldiers will kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will be led captive into all the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their enemies will capture them and take them to other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into all the nations + +The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will be led into many countries. AT: "into many other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Jerusalem will be trampled by the Gentiles + +Possible meanings are 1) the Gentiles will conquer Jerusalem and occupy it or 2) the Gentiles will destroy the city of Jerusalem or 3) the Gentiles will destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# trampled by the Gentiles + +This metaphor speaks of Jerusalem as if the people of other nations was walking on it and crushing it down with their feet. This refers to domination. AT: "conquered by the Gentiles" or "destroyed by the other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the period of the Gentiles has come to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/25.md b/luk/21/25.md index 063f29e38e..605b6b7e59 100644 --- a/luk/21/25.md +++ b/luk/21/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The nations will be in distress -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Here "the nations" refers to the people in them. AT: "The people of the nations will be distressed" -## translationNotes +# anxious because of the roar of the sea and waves -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. -* **there will be distress of the nations** - This can be translated as "the people of the nations will be distressed" or "the people of the nations will be very anxious." -* **in despair from the roar of the sea and waves** - "because they will be confused by the roar of the sea and its waves" or "and they will be frightened by the very loud noise of the sea and its rough movement." This seems to refer to unusual storms or disasters involving the seas. -* **the things which are coming upon the world** - "the things that will happen in the world" or "the things that will happen to the world" -* **the powers of heaven will be shaken** - "the powerful things in the heavens will be shaken." Possible meanings are 1) The things in the sky like the sun, moon, and stars will not move in their normal way or 2) the powerful spirits in the heavens will be distressed. The first is recommended. +"because they will be anxious about the roar of the sea and its waves" or "and the loud noise of the sea and its rough movements will frighten them." This seems to refer to unusual storms or disasters involving the seas. + +# the things which are coming upon the world + +"the things that will happen in the world" or "the things that will happen to the world" + +# the powers of the heavens will be shaken + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the things in the sky like the sun, moon, and stars will not move in their normal way. AT: "God will shake the powerful things in the heavens" or 2) the powerful spirits in the heavens will be distressed. The first is recommended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/27.md b/luk/21/27.md index 0d3311ebf5..98993aeeb9 100644 --- a/luk/21/27.md +++ b/luk/21/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Son of Man -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus is refers to himself. AT: "me, the Son Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# coming in a cloud -* Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. -* **Son of Man** - Jesus is referring to himself. -* **coming in a cloud** - This can be translated as "coming down in a cloud." -* **with power and great glory** - This can be translated as "powerfully and gloriously" or "and he will be powerful and very glorious." "Power" here probably refers to his authority to judge the world. "Glory" here may refer to a bright light. God sometimes shows his greatness with a very bright light. -* **stand up** - This can be translated as "stand up with confidence." Sometimes when people are afraid, they crouch down in order to avoid being seen or hurt. When they are no longer afraid, they get up. -* **lift up your heads** - This is an idiom meaning "look up." By looking up, they would be able to see their rescuer coming to them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **because your deliverance draws near** - This can be translated as "because your deliverer is coming to you" or "because you will soon be delivered." +"coming down in a cloud" + +# with power and great glory + +Here "power" probably refers to his authority to judge the world. Here "glory" may refer to a bright light. God sometimes shows his greatness with a very bright light. AT: "powerfully and gloriously" or "and he will be powerful and very glorious" + +# stand up + +Sometimes when people are afraid, they crouch down in order to avoid being seen or hurt. When they are no longer afraid, they get up. AT: "stand up with confidence" + +# lift up your heads + +By lifting their heads to look up, they would be able to see their rescuer coming to them. AT: "look up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# because your deliverance is coming near + +God, who delivers, is spoken of as if he were the deliverance that he causes. AT: "because your deliverer is coming to you" or "because God will soon save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/29.md b/luk/21/29.md index d959581214..9a7ad51fac 100644 --- a/luk/21/29.md +++ b/luk/21/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] +As Jesus continues teaching his disciples, he tells them a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# When they sprout buds -* **when they sprout buds** - "when new leaves start to grow" -* **you see for yourselves and know** - This can also be translated as "people see for themselves and know." -* **the summer is near** - "the summer is about to start." Summer in Israel is very dry, so crops are harvested at the beginning of summer. The meaning is "harvest time is ready to start." This is implied information that they would see and know. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the kingdom of God is near** - "the kingdom of God will soon be established" or "God will reign over his kingdom" +"When new leaves start to grow" + +# summer is already near + +"summer is about to start." Summer in Israel follows the sprouting of fig tree leaves and is the time when the figs ripen. AT: "harvest time is ready to start" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So also, when you see these things happening + +The appearance of the signs that Jesus just described signal the arrival of the kingdom of God just as appearance of the leaves of the fig tree signal the arrival of summer. + +# the kingdom of God is near + +"God will soon establish his kingdom." AT: "God will soon rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/32.md b/luk/21/32.md index 16c378acaf..53d2be8e69 100644 --- a/luk/21/32.md +++ b/luk/21/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus continues teaching his disciples. -## translationNotes +# Truly, I say to you -* **this generation** - Possible meanings are 1) the generation that will see the first of the signs Jesus spoke of or 2) the generation Jesus was speaking to. The first is more likely. -* **Heaven and earth will pass away** - "Heaven and earth will cease to exist." The word "heaven" here refers to the sky and the universe beyond it. -* **my words will never pass away** - "my words will never cease to exist" or "my words will never fail." This can also be translated as "my words will certainly be fulfilled" or "what I say will surely happen." +This expression emphasizes the importance of what Jesus is about to say. + +# this generation + +Possible meanings are 1) the generation that will see the first of the signs Jesus spoke of or 2) the generation Jesus was speaking to. The first is more likely. + +# will not pass away until + +This could be stated in positive form. AT: "will still be alive when" + +# Heaven and earth will pass away + +"Heaven and earth will cease to exist." The word "heaven" here refers to the sky and the universe beyond it. + +# my words will never pass away + +"my words will never cease to exist" or "my words will never fail." Jesus uses "words" here to refer to everything he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will never pass away + +This could be stated in positive form. AT: "will remain forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/34.md b/luk/21/34.md index 5a327ff171..f8f8122728 100644 --- a/luk/21/34.md +++ b/luk/21/34.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# so that your hearts are not burdened -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] +The "heart" here refers to the mind and thoughts of the person. AT: "so that you are not occupied with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# are not burdened -* **so that your hearts are not burdened** - "so that you are not occupied with" -* **debauchery** - "unrestrained self-indulgence" or "indulging too much in things that make you feel good." This can also be translated with specific examples such as "too much feasting." -* **the worries of life** - "worrying too much about this life" -* **For that day will come on you suddenly** - Some may need to add the implicit information: "For if you are not careful, that day will come on you suddenly." The coming of the day will appear to be sudden and unexpected to those who are not ready and watching for it. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **that day** - This can be translated more specifically as "the day when the Son of Man will come." -* **suddenly as a trap** - This is a simile that means "when you are not expecting it, as a trap closes suddenly on an animal." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **it will come upon everyone** - "It will affect everyone" or "the events of that day will affect everyone" -* **on the face of the whole earth** - "on the surface of the whole earth" or "on the entire earth" +Jesus here speaks of the following sins as if they were a physical weight that a person had to carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the effects of drinking + +"drinking too much wine that would make one drunk" + +# the worries of life + +"worrying too much about this life" + +# then that day will close on you suddenly like a trap + +Just as a trap closes on an animal when the animal does not expect it, that day will happen when people do not expect it. AT: "that day will happen when you are not expecting it, as when a trap closes suddenly on an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# then that day will close on you suddenly + +The coming of that day will appear to be sudden and unexpected to those who are not ready and watching for it. AT: "For if you are not careful, that day will close on you suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that day + +This refers to the day when the Messiah returns. AT: "the day when the Son of Man comes" + +# it will come upon everyone + +"it will affect everyone" or "the events of that day will affect everyone" + +# on the face of the whole earth + +The surface of the earth is spoken of as if it was the face of a person. That is, the outward part. AT: "on the surface of the whole earth" or "on the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/36.md b/luk/21/36.md index aa60233c09..2a7c08a9e0 100644 --- a/luk/21/36.md +++ b/luk/21/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus finishes teaching his disciples. -## translationNotes +# be alert -* **strong enough to escape all these things** - Possible meanings are 1) "strong enough to endure these things" or 2) "able to avoid these things." -* **these things that will take place** - "these things that will happen." Jesus had just told them about terrible things that would happen such as persecution, war, and captivity. -* **to stand before the Son of Man** - "to stand with confidence before the Son of Man." This probably refers to when the Son of Man judges everyone. A person who is not ready will be afraid of the Son of Man and will not stand with confidence. +"be ready for my coming" + +# strong enough to escape all these things + +Possible meanings are 1) "strong enough to endure these things" or 2) "able to avoid these things." + +# these things that will take place + +"these things that will happen." Jesus had just told them about terrible things that would happen such as persecution, war, and captivity. + +# to stand before the Son of Man + +"to stand with confidence before the Son of Man." This probably refers to when the Son of Man judges everyone. A person who is not ready will be afraid of the Son of Man and will not stand with confidence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/37.md b/luk/21/37.md index dd44896b04..ba18d6bc6f 100644 --- a/luk/21/37.md +++ b/luk/21/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Luke 20:1](./01.md). These verses tell on-going action that continues after the main part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# during the days he was teaching -* **during the days he was teaching** - "during the days he would teach." The following verses tell about things that Jesus and the people did each day during the week before he died. -* **in the temple** - This means "at the temple" or "in the temple courtyard." -* **at night he went out** - "at night he would go out of the city" or "he went out each night" -* **All of the people** - This is hyperbole that means "a very large number of people" or "almost everyone." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **came early in the morning** - "would come early in the morning" or "came early each morning" -* **to hear him** - "to hear him teach" +"during the daytime he would teach" or "he would teach each day." The following verses tell about things that Jesus and the people did each day during the week before he died. + +# in the temple + +Only priests were allowed in the temple. AT: "at the temple" or "in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# at night he went out + +"at night he would go out of the city" or "he went out each night" + +# All of the people + +The word "all" is probably an exaggeration to emphasize that the crowd was very large. AT: "A very large number of people in the city" or "Almost everyone in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# came early in the morning + +"would come early each morning" + +# to hear him + +"to hear him teach" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/intro.md b/luk/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..adcaef3c15 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Luke 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Luke 21:5-36 is an extended teaching about the return of Christ. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "For many will come in my name, saying, 'I am he,'" ##### +Jesus teaches that before he returns, many people will falsely claim to be him returning. It will also be a time of great persecution. + +##### "Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled" ##### +The Jews referred to the time between the Babylonian exile and the coming of the Messiah as a period of Gentile domination. This is because the Jews were not sovereign over their own affairs. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +The prophesy in this chapter contains metaphorical language. It is best to translate these events as literal unless it is necessary to translate otherwise according to the context. For example, the phrases "torn down," "will rise against" and "not a hair on your head will perish" are metaphors. Signs in the sky, earthquakes and wars should be translated without symbolism given to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Every language may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/01.md b/luk/22/01.md index 477b6e8884..5e31268d91 100644 --- a/luk/22/01.md +++ b/luk/22/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +This is the next part of the story. Judas agrees to betray Jesus. These verses give background information about this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Festival of Unleavened Bread** - The festival was called by this name because during the festival, the Jews did not eat bread that was made with yeast. This can be translated as "the festival when they would eat unleavened bread." -* **Unleavened Bread** - This is bread that has no yeast in it to make it rise. It can be called "Bread without Yeast." -* **drew near** - "was almost ready to begin" -* **how they could put Jesus to death** - "how they might cause Jesus to be put to death." The priests and scribes did not have the authority to kill Jesus themselves, but they hoped to get others to kill him. -* **afraid of the people** - Possible meanings are 1) "scared of what the people might do" or 2) "scared that the people would make Jesus king." +This word is used here to introduce a new part of the story. + +# Festival of Unleavened Bread + +The festival was called by this name because during the festival, the Jews did not eat bread that was made with yeast. AT: "festival when they would eat unleavened bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# was approaching + +"was almost ready to begin" + +# how they could put Jesus to death + +The priests and scribes did not have the authority to kill Jesus themselves, but they hoped to get others to kill him. AT: "how they might cause Jesus to be put to death" or "how they could cause someone to kill Jesus" + +# afraid of the people + +Possible meanings are 1) "scared of what the people might do" or 2) "scared that the people would make Jesus king." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/03.md b/luk/22/03.md index 7e779acc36..b6958f662b 100644 --- a/luk/22/03.md +++ b/luk/22/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Satan]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +This is the beginning of the action in this part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Satan entered into Judas Iscariot -* **Satan entered into Judas Iscariot** - This was probably very similar to demon possession. (See: [[en:obe:kt:demonpossessed]]) -* **chief priests** - "the leaders of the priests" -* **captains** - "leaders of the temple guards" -* **about how he could deliver Jesus to them** - This can be translated as "about how he could help them arrest Jesus." +This was probably very similar to demon possession. + +# chief priests + +"the leaders of the priests" + +# captains + +"officers of the temple guards" + +# how he would betray Jesus to them + +"how he would help them arrest Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/05.md b/luk/22/05.md index 2c019dc4a8..4e53d9dfc3 100644 --- a/luk/22/05.md +++ b/luk/22/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They +"The chief priests and captains" -## translationNotes +# to give him money -* **They** - "The chief priests and captains" -* **to give him money** - The word "him" refers to Judas. -* **consented** - "agreed" even though it is repetitious -* **to deliver him** - "to help them arrest Jesus" -* **away from the crowd** - "privately" or "when there was no crowd around him" (UDB) +"to give Judas money" + +# consented + +"agreed" + +# looked for an opportunity to deliver him to them away from the crowd + +This is an on-going action that continues after this part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# to deliver him + +"to help them arrest Jesus" + +# away from the crowd + +"privately" or "when there was no crowd around him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/07.md b/luk/22/07.md index 4f8094b909..a13a0b42c5 100644 --- a/luk/22/07.md +++ b/luk/22/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus sends Peter and John to prepare for the Passover meal. Verse 7 gives background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# The day of unleavened bread -* **The Day of Unleavened Bread** - "The Day of Bread without Yeast" or "The Day of Flatbread." This was the day the Jews would take all bread made with yeast out of their homes. Then they would celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread for seven days. -* **the Passover lamb must be sacrificed** - "people had to kill the lamb for the Passover meal." Each family or group of people would kill a lamb and eat it together, so many lambs were killed. -* **so that we may eat it** - Jesus was including Peter and John when he said "we." Peter and John would be part of the group that would eat the meal. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **prepare** - This is a general word meaning "make ready." Jesus was not necessarily telling Peter and John to do all the cooking. -* **you want us to make preparations** - The word "us" does not include Jesus. Jesus would not be part of the group that would prepare the meal. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **make preparations** - "make preparations for the meal" or "prepare the meal" +"The day of bread without yeast." This was the day the Jews would take all bread made with yeast out of their homes. Then they would celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread for seven days. + +# the Passover lamb must be sacrificed + +Each family or group of people would kill a lamb and eat it together, so many lambs were killed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people had to kill the lamb for the Passover meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# prepare + +This is a general word meaning "make ready." Jesus was not necessarily telling Peter and John to do all the cooking. + +# so that we may eat it + +Jesus was including Peter and John when he said "we." Peter and John would be part of the group of the disciples that would eat the meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# you want us to make preparations + +The word "us" does not include Jesus. Jesus would not be part of the group that would prepare the meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# make preparations + +"make preparations for the meal" or "prepare the meal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/10.md b/luk/22/10.md index 294caa5121..b1598a13fc 100644 --- a/luk/22/10.md +++ b/luk/22/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# He answered them -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +"Jesus answered Peter and John" -## translationNotes +# Listen -* **He answered** - The word "He" refers to Jesus. -* **a man bearing a pitcher of water will meet you** - This can also be translated as "you will see a man carrying a pitcher of water." -* **bearing a pitcher of water** - "carrying a jar with water in it." He probably would have carried the jar on his shoulder. -* **Follow him into the house** - This can be translated as "Follow him, and go into the house." -* **The Teacher says to you** - This begins a direct quotation where Jesus tells the disciples what they should say. The UDB renders this as an indirect quotation: "Our teacher says to show us." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **The Teacher** - This refers to Jesus. -* **eat the Passover** - "eat the Passover meal" +Jesus used this word to tell them to pay close attention and to do exactly what he tells them. + +# a man bearing a pitcher of water will meet you + +"you will see a man carrying a pitcher of water" + +# bearing a pitcher of water + +"carrying a jar with water in it." He probably would have carried the jar on his shoulder. + +# Follow him into the house + +"Follow him, and go into the house" + +# The Teacher says to you + +This begins a direct quotation where Jesus tells the disciples what they should say. The UDB renders this as an indirect quotation: "Our teacher says to show us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# The Teacher + +This refers to Jesus. + +# eat the Passover + +"eat the Passover meal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/12.md b/luk/22/12.md index 9cedba7308..fceaab33e4 100644 --- a/luk/22/12.md +++ b/luk/22/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:passover]] +Jesus continues giving instructions to Peter and John. -## translationNotes +# He will show you -* Jesus continues giving instructions to Peter and John. -* **He will show you** - "The owner of the house will show you" -* **upper room** - "room upstairs." If your community does not have houses with rooms above other rooms, you may need to consider how to describe buildings in the city. -* **So they went** - "So Peter and John went" +"The owner of the house will show you" + +# upper room + +"room upstairs." If your community does not have houses with rooms above other rooms, you may need to consider how to describe buildings in the city. + +# So they went + +"So Peter and John went" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/14.md b/luk/22/14.md index 21b22129c5..dd3b35b8ca 100644 --- a/luk/22/14.md +++ b/luk/22/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +this is the next event in the part of the story about the Passover. Jesus and his disciples are sitting to eat the Passover meal. -## translationNotes +# When the time came -* **I have greatly desired** - "I have wanted very much" (UDB) -* **For I say to you** - This phrase is used to emphasize the importance of what Jesus will say next. -* **until it is fulfilled** - Possible meanings are 1) "until the purpose of the Passover Festival is accomplished" or 2) "until we eat celebrate the final Passover Festival." This can be translated with an active verb: "until God fulfills it" or "until God completes the purpose of the Passover Festival." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"When it was time to eat the meal" + +# he sat down + +"Jesus sat down" + +# I have greatly desired + +"I have wanted very much" + +# before I suffer + +Jesus is referring ahead to his death. The word for "suffer" here refers to an unusually difficult or painful experience. + +# For I say to you + +Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the importance of what he will say next. + +# until it is fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) until the purpose of the Passover Festival is accomplished. AT: "until God fulfills it" or "until God completes the purpose of the Passover Festival" or 2) "until we celebrate the final Passover Festival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/17.md b/luk/22/17.md index c7f707f4b6..c7897f0289 100644 --- a/luk/22/17.md +++ b/luk/22/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# took a cup -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +"picked up a cup of wine" -## translationNotes +# when he had given thanks -* **when he had given thanks** - "when he had given thanks to God" -* **he said** - "he said to his apostles" -* **share it among yourselves** - This can be translated as "share the wine it it among yourselves" or "all of you drink some of the wine from it." -* **For I say to you** - This phrase is used to emphasize the importance of what Jesus will say next. -* **fruit of the vine** - This refers to the juice that is squeezed from the grapes that grow on grapevines. Wine is made from fermented grape juice. -* **until the kingdom of God comes** - This can be translated as "until the kingdom of God is established" or "until God establishes his kingdom" or "until God rules in his kingdom." +"when he had given thanks to God" + +# he said + +"he said to his apostles" + +# share it among yourselves + +They were to share the contents of the cup, and not the cup itself. AT: "share the wine in the cup among yourselves" or "each of you drink some of the wine from the cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For I say to you + +This phrase is used to emphasize the importance of what Jesus will say next. + +# fruit of the vine + +This refers to the juice that is squeezed from the grapes that grow on grapevines. Wine is made from fermented grape juice. + +# until the kingdom of God comes + +"until God establishes his kingdom" or "until God rules in his kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/19.md b/luk/22/19.md index 5362986bfd..9ce5c4ede9 100644 --- a/luk/22/19.md +++ b/luk/22/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# bread -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:newcovenant]] +This bread did not have yeast in it, so it was flat. -## translationNotes +# he broke it -* **bread** - This bread did not have yeast in it, so it was flat. -* **he broke it** - "he ripped it" or "he tore it." He may have divided it into many pieces or he may have divided it into two pieces and given them to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression that could be used for either situation. -* **this is my body** - Possible meanings are 1) "This bread is my body" and 2) "This bread represents my body." -* **my body which is given for you** - "my body, which I will give for you" or "my body, which I will sacrifice for you." For languages that must state the recipient, it could be translated as "my body, that I give to the authorities to kill for your sake." -* **Do this** - "Eat this bread" -* **in remembrance of me** - "in order to remember me" -* **This cup** - The word "cup" refers to the wine in the cup. It can be translated as "The wine in this cup" or "This wine." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **is the new covenant in my blood** - "is the new covenant, which will be put in effect by my blood" or "is the new covenant, which will be made legal by my blood" or "represents the new covenant, which God will establish when my blood is shed" -* **my blood, which is poured out for you** - "my blood, which is poured out in death for you" or "my blood, which will flow out of my wounds for you when I die." Jesus spoke of his death by referring to his body being broken and his blood being shed. This is metonymy. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"he ripped it" or "he tore it." He may have divided it into many pieces or he may have divided it into two pieces and given them to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression that would apply to either situation. + +# This is my body + +Possible meanings are 1) "This bread is my body" and 2) "This bread represents my body." + +# my body which is given for you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my body, which I will give for you" or "my body, which I will sacrifice for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do this + +"Eat this bread" + +# in remembrance of me + +"in order to remember me" + +# This cup + +The word "cup" refers to the wine in the cup. AT: "The wine in this cup" or "This cup of wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the new covenant in my blood + +This new covenant will take effect as soon his blood is shed. AT: "the new covenant the will be ratified through my blood" + +# my blood, which is poured out for you + +Jesus spoke of his death by referring to his blood being poured out. AT: "my blood, which is poured out in death for you" or "my blood, which will flow out of my wounds for you when I die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/21.md b/luk/22/21.md index 919fc96413..a4d21df96b 100644 --- a/luk/22/21.md +++ b/luk/22/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Jesus continues speaking to his apostles. -## translationNotes +# The one who betrays me -* Jesus continues speaking to his apostles. -* **The one who betrays me** - "The one who will betray me" -* **For the Son of Man indeed goes** - "For, indeed, the Son of Man will go" or "For the Son of Man will die" -* **But woe to that man through whom he is betrayed!** - "But woe to the man who betrays the Son of Man!" or "But how terrible it will be for that man who betrays the Son of Man!" +"The one who will betray me" + +# For the Son of Man indeed goes + +"For, indeed, the Son of Man will go" or "For the Son of Man will die" + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# as it has been determined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as God has determined" or "as God has planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But woe to that man through whom he is betrayed! + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But woe to the man who betrays the Son of Man!" or "But how terrible it will be for that man who betrays the Son of Man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/24.md b/luk/22/24.md index 91519c7632..8fce394030 100644 --- a/luk/22/24.md +++ b/luk/22/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then there arose also a quarrel among them -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +"Then the apostles began to argue among themselves" -## translationNotes +# was considered to be greatest -* **Then there arose also a quarrel among them** - "the apostles began to argue among themselves" (UDB) -* **greatest** - "most important" -* **He said to them** - "Jesus said to the apostles" -* **have lordship over them** - "rule harshly over them" or "like to exercise power over them" -* **are called** - This can be translated as "like to be called" or "call themselves." The people probably did not think of those rulers as honored rulers. -* **honored rulers** - This can also be translated as "benefactors" or "leaders who help the people." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "was the most important" or "the people would think was most important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He said to them + +"Jesus said to the apostles" + +# are masters over them + +"rule forcefully over the Gentiles" + +# are referred to as + +The people probably did not think of those rulers as people who do good to their people. AT: "like to be called" or "call themselves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/26.md b/luk/22/26.md index a686f77099..719d46cb57 100644 --- a/luk/22/26.md +++ b/luk/22/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Jesus continues teaching his apostles. -## translationNotes +# it must not be like this with you -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **it must not be like this with you** - "you should not act like that" -* **the youngest** - "the least important." As leaders were most often older people and called "elders," "the youngest" would be the least likely to lead. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For** - This connects Jesus' commands in verse 26 with the whole of verse 27. The idea is "Let the most important serve because I am servant." Jesus, the most important among them, serves them, so the one who is most important among them must serve. -* **the one who serves** - "a servant" -* **which is greater** - "which one is greater" or "who is more important." Jesus asked this rhetorical question to introduce his answer to the apostles' question about greatness in verse 24. This rhetorical question can be translated as "I want you to think about who is greater." ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the one who sits at the table** - This can also be translated as "the one who is dining" -* **the one who serves** - "the one who serves the food" or "the one who serves the one who sits." This refers to a servant. -* **Is it not the one who sits at the table?** - This is also a rhetorical question. The implied answer is "Of course the one who sits at the table is more important than the servant!" ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Yet I am among you as one who serves** - The word "yet" is here because there is a contrast between what people would expect Jesus to be like and what he really was like. This can also be translated as "Yet I am serving you." +"you should not act like that" + +# the youngest + +Older people were respected in that culture. The leaders were usually older people and were called "elders." The youngest person would be the least likely to lead, and the least important. AT: "the least important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who serves + +"a servant" + +# For + +This connects Jesus' commands in verse 26 with the whole of verse 27. It means that the most important person should serve because Jesus is a servant. + +# For who is greater ... serves? + +"For who is more important ... serves?" Jesus uses this question to begin to explain to the apostles who is truly great. AT: "I want you to think about who is greater ... serves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the one who sits at the table + +"the one who is dining" + +# Is it not the one who sits at the table? + +Jesus uses another question to teach the disciples. AT: "Of course the one who sits at the table is more important than the servant!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yet I am among you as one who serves + +"But I am serving you." The word "yet" is here because there is a contrast between what people would expect Jesus to be like and what he really was like. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/28.md b/luk/22/28.md index d61a2a4437..be976d1dac 100644 --- a/luk/22/28.md +++ b/luk/22/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# have continued with me in my temptations -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"have stayed with me through my struggles" -## translationNotes +# I give to you a kingdom, even as my Father has given a kingdom to me -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -* **have continued with me in my temptations** - "have stayed with me through my struggles" -* **I give to you a kingdom even as my Father has given a kingdom to me** - Some languages may need to change the order. "Just as my father has given a kingdom to me, I give it to you." -* **I give to you a kingdom** - "I make you rulers in God's kingdom" (UDB) or "I give you authority to rule in the kingdom" or "I will make you kings" -* **even as my Father has given a kingdom to me** - "just as my Father gave me authority to rule as king in his kingdom" -* **you will sit on thrones** - "Sit on thrones" is a metonym for "do the work of kings." This means "you will work as kings" or "you will do the work of kings." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **thrones** - This can be translated as "kings' chairs" or "chairs made for kings." +Some languages may need to change the order. AT: "Just as my father has given a kingdom to me, I give it to you" + +# I give to you a kingdom + +"I make you rulers in God's kingdom" or "I give you authority to rule in the kingdom" or "I will make you kings" + +# even as my Father has given a kingdom to me + +"just as my Father has given me authority to rule as king in his kingdom" + +# you will sit on thrones + +Kings sit on thrones. Sitting on a throne is a symbol of ruling. AT: "you will work as kings" or "you will do the work of kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/31.md b/luk/22/31.md index d1c1d25f2e..71fe971f6e 100644 --- a/luk/22/31.md +++ b/luk/22/31.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Satan]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] +Jesus speaks directly to Simon. -## translationNotes +# Simon, Simon -* Jesus speaks directly to Simon. -* **Simon, Simon** - Jesus said his name twice to show that what he was about to say to him was very important. -* **to have you that he might sift you** - The word "you" refers to all of the apostles. Languages that have different forms of "you" should use the plural form. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **sift you as wheat** - This is a metaphor that means "test you to find something wrong." The meaning can be made clear as in the UDB: "test you." And it can be translated as a simile: "like someone shakes grain in a sieve" as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **But I have prayed for you** - The word "you" here refers specifically to Simon. Languages that have different forms of you should use the singular form. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **that your faith will not fail** - This can be expressed positively as "that you will continue to have faith" or "that you will continue to trust me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **After you have turned back again** - "After you start following me again" or "After you start serving me again" -* **your brothers** - This refers to the other disciples. This can be translated as "your fellow believers" or "your brothers in the faith" or "the other disciples." +Jesus said his name twice to show that what he was about to say to him was very important. + +# to have you, that he might sift you + +The word "you" refers to all of the apostles. Languages that have different forms of "you" should use the plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# sift you as wheat + +This means that Satan wanted to test the disciples to find something wrong. AT: "test you like someone passes grain through a sieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But I have prayed for you + +The word "you" here refers specifically to Simon. Languages that have different forms of you should use the singular form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# that your faith may not fail + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "that you will continue to have faith" or "that you will continue to trust me" + +# After you have turned back again + +"After you start following me again" or "After you start serving me again" + +# strengthen your brothers + +"encourage your brothers to be strong in their faith" or "help your brothers believe in me" + +# your brothers + +This refers to the other disciples. AT: "your fellow believers" or "the other disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/33.md b/luk/22/33.md index b9389c997e..5a4913e511 100644 --- a/luk/22/33.md +++ b/luk/22/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the rooster will not crow this day, before you deny three times that you know me -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +The order of the parts of the verse can be reversed. AT: "You will deny three times that you know me before the rooster crows this day" -## translationNotes +# the rooster will not crow this day, before you deny -* Simon Peter reacts to Jesus' statement that Satan will test Peter. -* **the rooster will not crow** - Here, the crowing of the rooster is used as a metonym for that time of day." Roosters often crow before the sun appears in the morning. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the rooster will not crow…before you deny…** - This can be stated positively: "the rooster will crow…only after you deny." The order of the parts of the verse can also be reversed: "You will deny three times that you know me before the rooster crows this day" -* **this day** - The Jewish day begins at sunset. Jesus was speaking after the sun had set. The rooster would crow just before morning. The morning was part of "this day." It can also be translated as "tonight" or "in the morning." +This can be stated positively. AT: "the rooster will crow this day only after you deny" or "before the rooster crows today, you will deny" + +# the rooster will not crow + +Here, the crowing of the rooster refers to a certain time of day. Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. Therefore, this refers to dawn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rooster + +a bird that calls out loudly around the time the sun comes up + +# this day + +The Jewish day begins at sunset. Jesus was speaking after the sun had set. The rooster would crow just before morning. The morning was part of "this day." AT: "tonight" or "in the morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/35.md b/luk/22/35.md index 517669937b..6e9718f947 100644 --- a/luk/22/35.md +++ b/luk/22/35.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Jesus turns his attention back to speaking to all of his disciples. -## translationNotes +# When ... did you lack anything? -* **When I sent you out** - Jesus was talking to his apostles. So languages that have different forms of "you" should use the plural form. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **purse** - A purse is a bag for holding money. Here it is used to refer to "money." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a bag of provisions** - This can be translated as "travelers' bag" or "food," which would have been in the bag if they had taken one. -* **did you lack anything?** - "did you need anything that you did not have?" This is a rhetorical question to help the apostles remember how well the people they went to provided for them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Nothing** - "We did not lack anything" -* **The one who does not have a sword should sell his cloak** - Jesus was not referring to a specific person who did not have a sword. It can also be translated as "If anyone does not have a sword, he should sell his cloak." -* **cloak** - "coat" or "outer garment" +Jesus uses a question to help the apostles remember how well the people provided for them as they traveled. AT: "Remember that when ... you had everything you needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# When I sent you out + +Jesus was talking to his apostles. So languages that have different forms of "you" should use the plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# purse + +A purse is a bag for holding money. Here it is used to refer to "money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a bag of provisions + +"travelers' bag" or "bag of food" + +# Nothing + +It may be helpful to some audiences to include more about the conversation. AT: "We did not lack anything" or "We had everything we needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# The one who does not have a sword should sell his cloak + +Jesus was not referring to a specific person who did not have a sword. AT: "If anyone does not have a sword, he should sell his cloak" + +# cloak + +"coat" or "outer garment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/37.md b/luk/22/37.md index a7f287a06b..4c5bbb484f 100644 --- a/luk/22/37.md +++ b/luk/22/37.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Jesus finishes speaking with his disciples. -## translationNotes +# what is written about me -* **what is written about me** - "what a prophet wrote about me in the scriptures" (UDB) -* **must be fulfilled** - The apostles would have understood that God would cause everything written in the scriptures to happen. You could make this explicit by rewording the entire phrase: "God will cause everything that is written in the scriptures to be fulfilled." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he was considered with the lawless** - "People considered him to be one of the lawless people." Some languages may need to state explicitly "This is written in the scripture. 'And he was considered with the lawless." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the lawless** - "those who break the law" or "criminals" -* **For what is predicted about me is being fulfilled** - This phrase is not clear in the Greek. Another possible meaning is "My life is coming to an end." -* **they said** - This refers to at least two of Jesus' apostles. -* **It is enough** - Possible meanings are 1) "That is enough swords" or 2) "That is enough talk about this." When Jesus said that they should buy swords, he was mainly telling them about the danger they would all face. He may not have really wanted them to buy swords and fight. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what a prophet wrote about me in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must be fulfilled + +The apostles would have understood that God would cause everything written in the scriptures to happen. AT: "God will fulfill" or "God will cause to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He was counted with the lawless ones + +Here Jesus is quoting the scriptures. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People counted him as a member of the group of lawless men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the lawless ones + +"those who break the law" or "the criminals" + +# For what is predicted about me is being fulfilled + +Possible meanings are 1) "For what the prophet predicted about me is about to happen" or 2) "For my life is coming to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they said + +This refers to at least two of Jesus' apostles. + +# It is enough + +Possible meanings are 1) "That is enough swords" or 2) "That is enough talk about this." When Jesus said that they should buy swords, he was mainly telling them about the danger they would all face. He may not have really wanted them to buy swords and fight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/39.md b/luk/22/39.md index 72df1e0ade..0575ca3807 100644 --- a/luk/22/39.md +++ b/luk/22/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:MountofOlives]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] +This is the next part of the story. Jesus went to the Mount of Olives to pray. -## translationNotes +# After supper -* **after supper** - This refers to the completion of the Passover meal. -* **that you do not enter into temptation** - This can be translated as "that you are not tempted" or "that you do not sin when you are tempted" or "that you are not tempted so severely that that you sin." +This refers to the completion of the Passover meal. + +# that you do not enter into temptation + +"that you are not tempted" or "that nothing tempts you and causes you to sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/41.md b/luk/22/41.md index 89bb882a7b..131aab019f 100644 --- a/luk/22/41.md +++ b/luk/22/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# about a stone's throw -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +"about the distance that someone can throw a stone." AT: "a short distance" or with an estimated measurement like "about thirty meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Father, if you are willing -* **about a stone's throw** - This means "about the distance that someone can throw a stone." AT: "a short distance" or with an estimated measurement like "about 30 meters" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **remove this cup from me** - Jesus is referring to the suffering that he is about to endure as if it were in a cup and that he was going to drink it. AT: "take away from me this cup of suffering" or "take away this suffering from me" or "rescue me from having to suffer like this." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Nevertheless not my will, but yours be done** - This can also be translated as "However, I want your will to be done rather than mine." +Jesus will bear the guilt of every person's sin on the cross. He prays to his Father asking if there is another way. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# remove this cup from me + +Jesus refers to the suffering that he is about to endure as if it were in a cup and that he was going to drink it. AT: "take away from me this cup of suffering" or "take away this suffering from me" or "rescue me from having to suffer like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nevertheless not my will, but yours be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "However, do what is according to your will rather than doing what is according to my will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/43.md b/luk/22/43.md index 30f822e917..423950f715 100644 --- a/luk/22/43.md +++ b/luk/22/43.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# appeared to him -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +"appeared to Jesus" -## translationNotes +# strengthening him -* **appeared to him** - "appeared to Jesus" -* **strengthening him** - "encouraging him" -* **Being in agony, he prayed** - "He was in agony, and he prayed" +"encouraging him" + +# Being in agony, he prayed + +"He was suffering greatly, and so he prayed" + +# he prayed more earnestly + +"he prayed more intensely" + +# his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down upon the ground + +"his sweat was falling to the ground like large drops of blood" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/45.md b/luk/22/45.md index 586ab37c4c..558e57ae4d 100644 --- a/luk/22/45.md +++ b/luk/22/45.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When he rose up from his prayer -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] +"When Jesus got up after praying" or "After praying, Jesus got up and" -## translationNotes +# found them sleeping because of their sorrow -* **When he rose up from his prayer** - This can be translated as "When Jesus got up after praying" or "After praying, Jesus got up and." -* **found them sleeping because of their sorrow** - "saw that they were sleeping because they were so sad" -* **Why are you sleeping?** - This is a rhetorical question. Possible meanings are 1) "I am surprised that you are sleeping now" or 2) "You should not be sleeping now!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **enter into temptation** - "be tempted" or "sin when you are tempted" +"saw that they were sleeping because they were tired from their sadness" + +# Why are you sleeping? + +Possible meanings are 1) "I am surprised that you are sleeping now" or 2) "You should not be sleeping now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that you may not enter into temptation + +"so that you may not be tempted" or "so that nothing tempts you and causes you to sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/47.md b/luk/22/47.md index 49d3bbe76f..b13fae1323 100644 --- a/luk/22/47.md +++ b/luk/22/47.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# behold, a crowd appeared -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +The word "behold" alerts us to a new group in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. AT: "there was a crowd that appeared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# leading them -* **behold, a crowd appeared** - The word "behold" alerts us to a new group in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a crowd that appeared…” -* **leading them** - This can be translated as "leading them to Jesus." Judas was showing the people where Jesus was. He was not telling the crowd what to do. -* **to kiss him** - This can be translated as "to greet him with a kiss" or "to greet him by kissing him." When men greeted other men who where family or friends, they would kiss them on one cheek or both cheeks. If your readers would find it embarrassing to say that a man would kiss another man, you could translate it in a more general way: "to give him a friendly greeting." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **the Son of Man** - Jesus is using this term to refer to himself. -* **are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss** - Jesus used this rhetorical question to rebuke Judas: "It is a kiss you are using to betray the Son of Man!" Judas could have chosen to use a hand signal or words like "Jesus is the one by the large stone" to point to Jesus, but instead he acted out a lie by using a kiss, the sign of love. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Judas was showing the people where Jesus was. He was not telling the crowd what to do. AT: "leading them to Jesus" + +# to kiss him + +"to greet him with a kiss" or "to greet him by kissing him." When men greeted other men who were family or friends, they would kiss them on one cheek or both cheeks. If your readers would find it embarrassing to say that a man would kiss another man, you could translate it in a more general way: "to give him a friendly greeting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke Judas for betraying him with a kiss. Normally a kiss is a sign of love. AT: "it is a kiss you are using to betray the Son of Man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is using this term to refer to himself. AT: "me, the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/49.md b/luk/22/49.md index 339a2ddd7a..198b4f306f 100644 --- a/luk/22/49.md +++ b/luk/22/49.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# those who were around Jesus -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This refers to Jesus' disciples. -## translationNotes +# what was happening -* **those who were around Jesus** - This refers to Jesus' disciples. -* **what was happening** - This could be translated as "that the priests and soldiers had some to arrest Jesus." -* **struck the servant of the high priest** - "struck the servant of the high priest with a sword" -* **touched his ear** - This could be translated as "touched him where his ear had been cut off." +This refers to the priests and soldiers coming to arrest Jesus. + +# strike with the sword + +"fight against them with a sword" + +# one of them + +"one of the disciples" + +# struck the servant of the high priest + +"struck the servant of the high priest with a sword" + +# That is enough + +This expression means, "Do not do any more of that" + +# touched his ear + +"touched the servant where his ear had been cut off" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/52.md b/luk/22/52.md index 185fdb0ecd..9ba28a4dbc 100644 --- a/luk/22/52.md +++ b/luk/22/52.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs? -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"Do you come out with swords and clubs because you think I am a robber?" Jesus uses this question to scold the Jewish leaders. AT: "You know that I am not a robber, yet you come out to me bringing swords and clubs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# I was daily with you -* **Do you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs?** - "Do you come out with swords and clubs because you think I am a robber?" This a rhetorical question. It can be translated as "You know that I am not a robber, yet you come out to me bringing swords and clubs." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I was daily with you** - "I was among you every day" -* **in the temple** - This can be translated as "in the temple courts" or "at the temple." -* **lay your hands on me** - This idiom means "arrest me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **your hour** - "your time" -* **the authority of darkness** - This could be translated as "the time of the ruler of darkness" or "the time when Satan is doing the evil things as he wants to do" (UDB). The "authority of darkness" is a metonym for the evil ruler, Satan. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"I was among you every day" + +# in the temple + +Only priests entered the temple. AT: "in the temple courts" or "at the temple" + +# lay your hands on me + +This expression refers to people exercising authority over the disciples. AT: "arrest me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your hour + +"your time" or "your time to act" + +# the authority of darkness + +It may be helpful to repeat the reference to time. AT: "the time of the authority of darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the authority of darkness + +This refers to the evil ruler, Satan. AT: "the time of the ruler of darkness" or "the time for Satan to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/54.md b/luk/22/54.md index 620c954ca3..413206c58f 100644 --- a/luk/22/54.md +++ b/luk/22/54.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# led him away -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] +"led Jesus away from the garden where they had arrested him" -## translationNotes +# into the high priest's house -* **led him away** - "led Jesus away from the garden where they had arrested him" -* **they had kindled a fire** - This can also be translated as "some of them had kindled a fire." The fire was to keep them warm. -* **the middle of the courtyard** - This was the courtyard at the high priest's house. It had walls around it, but no roof. +"into the courtyard of the high priest's house" + +# they had kindled a fire + +"some people had made a fire." The fire was to keep the people warm during the cool night. AT: "some people started a fire to keep warm" + +# the middle of the courtyard + +This was the courtyard at the high priest's house. It had walls around it, but no roof. + +# in the midst of them + +"together with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/56.md b/luk/22/56.md index b3f5debe67..942ada726e 100644 --- a/luk/22/56.md +++ b/luk/22/56.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# he sat in the light of the fire -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +He sat near the fire and its line shone on him. -## translationNotes +# and looked straight at him and said -* **looked straight at him and said** - "looked straight at Peter and said to the other people in the courtyard" -* **This man also was with him** - The woman was telling the people about Peter being with Jesus. She probably did not know Peter's name. -* **But Peter denied it** - "But Peter said that it was not true" -* **Woman, I do not know him** - Peter did not know the woman's name. He was not insulting her by calling her "woman." If people would think he was insulting her, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a woman he does not know, or you could leave out the word. -* **Man, I am not** - See the note above about "woman." +"and she looked straight at Peter and said to the other people in the courtyard" + +# This man also was with him + +The woman was telling the people about Peter being with Jesus. She probably did not know Peter's name. + +# But Peter denied it + +"But Peter said that it was not true" + +# Woman, I do not know him + +Peter did not know the woman's name. He was not insulting her by calling her "woman." If people would think he was insulting her, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a woman he does not know, or you could leave out the word. + +# You are also one of them + +"You are one of the disciples of Jesus also" + +# Man, I am not + +Peter did not know the man's name. He was not insulting him by calling him "Man." If people would think he was insulting him, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a man he does not know, or you could leave out the word. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/59.md b/luk/22/59.md index 4440b5b933..cf2fbcf5ca 100644 --- a/luk/22/59.md +++ b/luk/22/59.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# insisted and said -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +"said insistently" or "said loudly" -## translationNotes +# Truly this man -* **insisted and said** - "said insistently" or "said loudly" (UDB) -* **Truly this man** - "This man" refers to Peter. The speaker probably did not know Peter's name. -* **he is a Galilean** - Matthew [[:en:bible:notes:mat:26:73]] says that the people could tell Peter was from Galilee from the way he talked. -* **I do not know what you are saying** - This idiom is used to say very strongly "What you said is not true at all" or "What you said is completely false." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **while he was speaking** - "while Peter was speaking" +Here "this man" refers to Peter. The speaker probably did not know Peter's name. + +# he is a Galilean + +The man could probably tell Peter was from Galilee from the way he talked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Man + +Peter did not know the man's name. He was not insulting him by calling him "Man." If people would think he was insulting him, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a man he does not know, or you could leave out the word. See how you translated this in [Luke 22:58](./56.md). + +# I do not know what you are saying + +"I do not know what you are talking about." This expression means that Peter completely disagree with the man. AT: "what you said is not true at all" or "what you said is completely false" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# while he was speaking + +"while Peter was speaking" + +# a rooster crowed + +Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 22:34](./33.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/61.md b/luk/22/61.md index b5e5273431..5b969e396a 100644 --- a/luk/22/61.md +++ b/luk/22/61.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Turning, the Lord looked at Peter -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"The Lord turned and looked at Peter" -## translationNotes +# the word of the Lord -* **the word of the Lord** - "Jesus' words" or "what Jesus had said" -* **today** - Jesus had spoken the previous evening about what would happen shortly before dawn or at dawn. So it can also be translated as "tonight." +Here the "word" of Jesus is here used to refer to everything that he said. AT: "Jesus' messages" or "what Jesus had said" + +# a rooster crows + +Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 22:34](./33.md). + +# today + +The Jewish day started at sundown and continued to the next evening. Jesus had spoken the previous evening about what would happen shortly before dawn or at dawn. AT: "tonight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# deny me three times + +"deny three times that you know me" + +# Peter went outside + +"Peter went out of the courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/63.md b/luk/22/63.md index 581e7cd715..da6f4722e4 100644 --- a/luk/22/63.md +++ b/luk/22/63.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They put a cover over him -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +"They covered his eyes so that he could not see" -## translationNotes +# Prophesy! Who is the one who hit you? -* **after blindfolding him** - "after they covered his eyes so that he could not see" -* **Prophesy! Who is the one that hit you?** - The guards did not believe that Jesus was a prophet. Rather they believed that a real prophet would know who hit him even if he could not see it. They called Jesus a prophet, but they wanted to show that he was not a prophet. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are a prophet. Tell us who hit you” or “Hey prophet, who hit you?” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **Prophesy!** - "Speak words from God!" The implied information is that God would have to tell Jesus who struck him since Jesus was blindfolded and could not see. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The guards did not believe that Jesus was a prophet. Rather they believed that a real prophet would know who hit him even if he could not see it. They called Jesus a prophet, but they wanted to show that he was not a prophet. AT: "Prove that you are a prophet. Tell us who hit you!" or "Hey prophet, who hit you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Prophesy! + +"Speak words from God!" The implied information is that God would have to tell Jesus who struck him since Jesus was blindfolded and could not see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/66.md b/luk/22/66.md index 6ca332c137..c1f7cc80c8 100644 --- a/luk/22/66.md +++ b/luk/22/66.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +It is now the next day and Jesus is brought before the council. -## translationNotes +# As soon as it was day -* **They led him into the Council** - Possible meanings are 1) "The elders had Jesus brought into the Council" or 2) "The guards led Jesus into the Council of the elders." Some languages may avoid saying who led him by using the pronoun "they" (ULB) or by using a passive verb: "Jesus was led into thee Council." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **saying** - "The elders said to Jesus" -* **tell us** - "tell us that you are the Christ" -* **If I tell you, you will not believe** - This is the first of two hypothetical statements by Jesus. It was a way for Jesus to respond without giving them a reason to say that he was guilty of blasphemy. Your language may have a way of indicating that the action has not actually happened. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **if I ask you, you will not answer** - This is the second hypothetical statement. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **if I tell you…if I ask you** - Jesus is saying that it did not matter whether he spoke or asked them to speak, they would not respond correctly. These two phrases together express Jesus' attitude that the council was not really looking for the truth. +"At dawn the next morning" + +# They led him into the council + +Possible meanings are 1) "The elders had Jesus brought into the council" or 2) "The guards led Jesus into the council of the elders." Some languages may avoid saying who led him by using the pronoun "they" or by using a passive verb: "Jesus was led into the council" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# and said + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "The elders said to Jesus" + +# If you are the Christ, tell us + +"Tell us if you are the Christ" + +# If I tell you ... if I ask you + +Jesus is saying that it did not matter whether he spoke or asked them to speak, they would not respond correctly. These two phrases together express Jesus' attitude that the council was not really looking for the truth. + +# If I tell you, you will not believe + +This is the first of two hypothetical statements by Jesus. It was a way for Jesus to respond without giving them a reason to say that he was guilty of blasphemy. Your language may have a way of indicating that the action has not actually happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if I ask you, you will not answer + +This is the second hypothetical statement. It was a way for Jesus to rebuke them without giving them a reason to convict him. Your language may have a way of indicating that the action has not actually happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/69.md b/luk/22/69.md index ea02b7f6b3..d58f54b5be 100644 --- a/luk/22/69.md +++ b/luk/22/69.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Jesus continues speaking to the council. -## translationNotes +# from now on -* Jesus continues speaking to the council of elders. -* **from now on** - "from this day" or "starting from today" -* **the Son of Man** - Jesus used this phrase to refer to the Christ. He was implying that he was talking about himself, but the elders would have to ask to see if that's what he was really saying. -* **seated at the right hand of the power of God** - The Jews understood that no one could sit there. They considered this equal to saying "will be with God as God." -* **the power of God** - "the all-powerful God." Here "power" refers to his supreme authority. -* **Then are you the Son of God?** - The council asked this question because they wanted Jesus to explicitly confirm their understanding that he was saying he was the Son of God. This could be translated as "So when you said that, did you mean that you are the Son of God?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **You say that I am** - "Yes, it is just like you say" (UDB) -* **Why do we still need a witness?** - This is a rhetorical question. It means "We have no further need for witnesses!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **from his own mouth** - This idiom uses a body part (the mouth) to refer to the person. It means "directly from him." It emphasizes the fact that Jesus himself said the things that they were accusing him of saying. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"from this day" or "starting from today" + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus used this phrase to refer to himself. This title also referred to the Christ, but the elders would have to ask to verify that he was claiming to be the Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# seated at the right hand of the power of God + +The Jews understood that only God could sit there. They considered this equal to saying "will be with God as God." + +# the power of God + +"the all-powerful God." Here "power" refers to his supreme authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then you are the Son of God? + +The council asked this question because they wanted Jesus to explicitly confirm their understanding that he was saying he was the Son of God. AT: "So when you said that, did you mean that you are the Son of God?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# You say that I am + +"Yes, it is just like you say" + +# Why do we still need a witness? + +They use a question for emphasis. AT: "We have no further need for witnesses!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# heard from his own mouth + +The phrase "his own mouth" refers to his speech. AT: "heard him say that he believes he is the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/intro.md b/luk/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..29725eec63 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Luke 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the "last supper." This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus' sacrifice as the lamb of God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The eating of the body and blood ##### + +To this day, this symbolic action is practiced in nearly all churches in remembrance of Christ's sacrifice for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### The New Covenant ##### +Jesus mentions the New Covenant during the last supper. The New Covenant is a source of controversy among scholars. There are many different opinions about when this covenant begins and the church's relationship to the new covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Every language may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself (the first person) in the third person. + +##### "this is your hour" ##### +In many cultures, there is a belief that only bad things happen in the middle of the night, when the good people are asleep. This phrase is an insult suggesting that the people arresting Jesus are doing evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/01.md b/luk/23/01.md index f3db690521..b50d295a4c 100644 --- a/luk/23/01.md +++ b/luk/23/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:perverse]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] +Jesus is brought before Pilate. -## translationNotes +# The whole company of them -* **The whole company of them** - "All of the Jewish leaders" -* **rose up** - "stood" or "stood to their feet" -* **before Pilate** - "in front of Pilate." This could be translated as "to stand facing Pilate." -* **perverting our nation** - "causing trouble by telling lies to our people" (UDB) -* **forbidding to give tribute** - "telling them not to pay taxes" (UDB) +"All of the Jewish leaders" or "All the members of the Council" + +# rose up + +"stood" or "stood to their feet" + +# before Pilate + +To appear before someone means to enter into their authority. AT: "to be judged by Pilate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We found + +"We" refers only the Council members, and not to Pilate of any other people nearby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# perverting our nation + +"causing our people to do things that are not right" or "causing trouble by telling lies to our people" + +# forbidding to give tribute + +"telling them not to pay taxes" + +# to Caesar + +Caesar represents the Emperor of Rome. AT: "to the Emperor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/03.md b/luk/23/03.md index 1e85772fc2..cfaa4829a7 100644 --- a/luk/23/03.md +++ b/luk/23/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Pilate asked him -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +"Pilate asked Jesus" -## translationNotes +# You say so -* **Pilate asked him** - "Pilate asked Jesus" -* **You say so** - This idiom means "what you said is correct." It could also be translated as "It is just as you have asked me" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **multitudes** - "the crowd of people" -* **I find no fault in this man ** - "I don't find this man guilty of anything" -* **stirs up** - "caused trouble among" -* **beginning from Galilee and even to this place** - "He began causing trouble in Galilee and now is causing trouble here" +Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. AT: "Yes, as you said, I am" or "Yes. It is as you said" or 2) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. AT: "You yourself have said so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# multitudes + +"crowd of people" + +# I find no fault in this man + +"I do not find this man guilty of anything" + +# stirs up + +"causes trouble among" + +# beginning from Galilee even to this place + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "He began causing trouble in Galilee and now is causing trouble here" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/06.md b/luk/23/06.md index 460f7db652..f79b90c50e 100644 --- a/luk/23/06.md +++ b/luk/23/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# heard this -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +"heard that Jesus began to teach in Galilee" -## translationNotes +# whether -* **hear this** - "heard that Jesus began to teach in Galilee" -* **whether** - "if" -* **the man** - This refers to Jesus. -* **he discovered** - "Pilate discovered" -* **he was under Herod's authority** - The passage does not state the implied fact that Herod was the ruler of Galilee. You could make this information explicit: "Jesus was under the authority of Herod because Herod ruled over Galilee." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he sent ** - "Pilate sent" -* **who himself ** - This refers to Herod. -* **in those days** - This could be translated as "during the Passover Festival." +"if" + +# the man + +This refers to Jesus. + +# he discovered + +"Pilate found out" + +# he was under Herod's authority + +The passage does not state the implied fact that Herod was the ruler of Galilee. AT: "Jesus was under the authority of Herod because Herod ruled over Galilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he sent + +"Pilate sent" + +# who himself + +This refers to Herod. + +# in those days + +"at that time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/08.md b/luk/23/08.md index 3bd38006f5..e627ed2c3c 100644 --- a/luk/23/08.md +++ b/luk/23/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# he was very glad -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Herod was very glad" -## translationNotes +# he had wanted to see him -* **he was very glad** - "Herod was very glad" -* **he had wanted to see him** - "Herod had wanted to see Jesus" -* **he had heard about him** - "Herod had heard about Jesus" -* **he hoped** - "Herod hoped" -* **see some miracle done by him** - This could be stated in active voice: "he wanted to see him perform some kind of miracle" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Herod questioned Jesus in many words** - AT: "Herod asked Jesus a lot of questions" -* **answered him nothing** - "did not reply" (UDB) or "did not give Herod an answer" -* **stood** - "were standing there" -* **violently accusing him** - "severely accusing Jesus" or "viciously accusing him" +"Herod had wanted to see Jesus" + +# He had heard about him + +"Herod had heard about Jesus" + +# he hoped + +"Herod hoped" + +# to see some miracle done by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to see him perform some kind of miracle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Herod questioned Jesus in many words + +"Herod asked Jesus a lot of questions" + +# answered him nothing + +"did not reply" or "did not give Herod an answer" + +# stood + +"were standing there" + +# violently accusing him + +"severely accusing Jesus" or "accusing him of all kinds of crimes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/11.md b/luk/23/11.md index 5b4d6a8761..c8f9889fc3 100644 --- a/luk/23/11.md +++ b/luk/23/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Herod with his soldiers -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] +"Herod and his soldiers" -## translationNotes +# dressed him in elegant clothes -* **clothed him in beautiful clothing** - The translation should not imply that this was done to honor or care for Jesus. They did it to mock Jesus and to make fun of him. -* **And Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day.** - The implied information is that they became friends because Herod appreciated Pilate allowing him to judge Jesus. You could make this explicit: "And Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day because Pilate had sent Jesus to Herod for judgment." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Before** - "Before that day" +"put beautiful clothes on him." The translation should not imply that this was done to honor or care for Jesus. They did it to mock Jesus and to make fun of him. + +# Herod and Pilate had become friends with each other that very day + +The implied information is that they became friends because Herod appreciated Pilate allowing him to judge Jesus. AT: "Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day because Pilate had sent Jesus to Herod for judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before this they had been enemies with each other + +This information is enclosed in parentheses to show that it is background information. Use a format that your audience would understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/13.md b/luk/23/13.md index 386739a2cb..ac40b7d9df 100644 --- a/luk/23/13.md +++ b/luk/23/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# called together the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +"called the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people to come meet together" -## translationNotes +# the crowd of people -* **called together the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people** - "called the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people to come meet together" -* **I, having questioned him before you ** - "I have questioned Jesus in your presence." This could also be translated as "I have questioned Jesus with you here as witnesses." -* **I find no fault** - "I do not think that he is guilty" (UDB) +It is not likely that Pilate asked a crowd to come. The crowd was probably still there waiting to see what would happen to Jesus. AT: "the crowd that was still there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this man + +This refers to Jesus. + +# like a man who + +"saying that he" + +# I, having questioned him before you + +"I have questioned Jesus in your presence, and." It is implied that they were witnesses to the proceedings. AT: "I have questioned Jesus with you here as witnesses, and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# find no fault in this man + +"do not think that he is guilty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/15.md b/luk/23/15.md index a6ac1c9da6..c0d8009bb3 100644 --- a/luk/23/15.md +++ b/luk/23/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Pilate continues speaking to the Jewish leaders and to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# No, nor does Herod -* **No, nor does Herod** - "Even Herod does not think he is guilty" (UDB) -* **for** - "because" or "we know this because" -* **he sent him back to us** - "Herod sent Jesus to return to us." The word "us" here is exclusive: it refers to Pilate and his soldiers, not to the priests and scribes who had gone to Herod with Jesus, nor to the crowd. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **nothing worthy of death has been done by him** - This can be translated in active voice: "He has not done anything to deserve a death sentence." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I will therefore punish him** - Because Pilate had found no fault in Jesus he should have released him without punishment. It is not necessary to try to make this statement fit logically into the translation. Pilate punished Jesus, whom he knew to be innocent, only because he was afraid of the crowd. -* **Now** - This could be translated as "Pilate said this because" (UDB). -* **he was obligated to release to them one prisoner** - Pilate was required to do this by political custom. This implied information can be stated explicitly: "he was obligated by custom to release to them one prisoner." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +It may be helpful to add information that is not included in the short statement. AT: "Even Herod does not think he is guilty" or "Even Herod thinks he is innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# for + +"because" or "we know this because" + +# he sent him back to us + +"Herod sent Jesus to return to us." The word "us" refers to Pilate, his soldiers, and the priests and scribes, but not those who were listening to Pilate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# nothing worthy of death has been done by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he has not done anything to deserve a death sentence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will therefore punish him + +Because Pilate had found no fault in Jesus he should have released him without punishment. It is not necessary to try to make this statement fit logically into the translation. Pilate punished Jesus, whom he knew to be innocent, only because he was afraid of the crowd. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/18.md b/luk/23/18.md index 58e1023ddd..26a7253163 100644 --- a/luk/23/18.md +++ b/luk/23/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:barabbas]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +Verse 19 tells us background information about who Barabbas is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# they cried out all together -* **they cried out all together** - "All the people in the crowd shouted" -* **Away with this man** - "That this man away!" By this, the crowd meant: "Take this man away and execute him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **for** - "because of his involvement in" or "because of his crime of" -* **a certain rebellion** - "trying to persuade the people of the city to rebel against the Roman government" (UDB) +"All the people in the crowd shouted" + +# Away with this man + +"Take this man away!" They are asking for Jesus to be killed. AT: "Take this man away and execute him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# release to us + +"us" refers to the crowd only, and not to Pilate and his soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Barabbas was a man ... for murder + +This is background information that Luke gives about who Barabbas was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# who had been put into prison + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the Romans had put in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for + +"because of his involvement in" or "because of his crime of" + +# a certain rebellion in the city + +"trying to persuade the people of the city to rebel against the Roman government" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/20.md b/luk/23/20.md index f73de4765e..a8f756a3d5 100644 --- a/luk/23/20.md +++ b/luk/23/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# addressed them again -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] +"spoke to them again" or "spoke again to the people in the crowd and to the religious rulers" -## translationNotes +# desiring to release Jesus -* **addressed them again** - "spoke to them again" or "spoke again to the people in the crowd" -* **desiring to release Jesus** - "because he wanted to release Jesus" -* **He said to them a third time** - "Pilate said to the crowd again, for the third time" +"because he wanted to set Jesus free" + +# He said to them a third time + +"Pilate said to the crowd again, for the third time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# what evil has this man done? + +Pilate uses this question to cause the crowd to understand that Jesus is innocent. AT: "this man has not done anything wrong!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I have found nothing deserving the death penalty in him + +"He has done nothing for which he deserves to die" + +# after punishing him, I will release him + +As in [Luke 23:16](./15.md), Pilate should have released Jesus without punishment because he was innocent. However, he offered to punish Jesus to appease the crowd. + +# I will release him + +"I will set him free" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/23.md b/luk/23/23.md index b1ba6366cd..2086c82035 100644 --- a/luk/23/23.md +++ b/luk/23/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# they were insistent -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"the crowd insisted" -## translationNotes +# with loud voices -* **they were insistent** - "the crowd insisted" -* **with loud voices** - "shouting" -* **for him to be crucified** - "that Jesus be crucified" -* **their voices** - "the words being shouted by the crowd" -* **to grant their demand** - "to do what the crowd requested" (UDB) -* **he released the one they asked for** - "Pilate freed Barabbas whom the crowd had asked be released" -* **he delivered up Jesus to their will** - "Pilate allowed the crowd to do to Jesus whatever they wanted" or "Pilate gave Jesus to the crowd and allowed the crowd to do to Jesus what they wanted to do" +"with shouting" + +# for him to be crucified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Pilate to have his soldiers crucify Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Their voices convinced Pilate + +"The crowd kept shouting until they convinced Pilate" + +# to grant their demand + +"to do what the crowd requested" + +# He released the one they asked for + +This means Pilate released Barrabas from prison. AT: "Pilate freed Barabbas whom the crowd had asked be released" + +# who had been put in prison ... murder + +This is background information about where Barrabas was at that time. It can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the Romans had put in prison ... murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he delivered up Jesus to their will + +"Pilate commanded the soldiers to do to Jesus whatever the crowd wanted them to do" or "Pilate allowed the crowd to do to Jesus what they wanted to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/26.md b/luk/23/26.md index 5de07a588c..47eb9ff3a2 100644 --- a/luk/23/26.md +++ b/luk/23/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# As they led him away -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] +"While the soldiers led Jesus away from where Pilate was" -## translationNotes +# seized one Simon of Cyrene -* **as they led him away** - "While the soldiers led Jesus away from where Pilate was" -* **seized one Simon of Cyrene** - The Roman soldiers had the authority to compel people to carry their loads. Do not translate this in a way that indicates that Simon was arrested or had done anything wrong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **one** - "a man named" -* **coming from the country** - "He was coming into Jerusalem from the countryside" (UDB) -* **laid the cross on him** - "put the cross on his shoulders" +The Roman soldiers had the authority to compel people to carry their loads. Do not translate this in a way that indicates that Simon was arrested or had done anything wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# one + +"a man named" + +# coming from the country + +"who was coming into Jerusalem from the countryside" + +# laid the cross on him + +"put the cross on his shoulders" + +# following Jesus + +"and he followed behind Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/27.md b/luk/23/27.md index 50b5a81e9c..4b2bbc74fb 100644 --- a/luk/23/27.md +++ b/luk/23/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# A great crowd -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] +"A large crowd" -## translationNotes +# great crowd of the people, and of women -* **mourned for him** - "mourned for Jesus" -* **were following him** - "were following Jesus" -* **Daughters of Jerusalem** - "you women who are from Jerusalem" -* **weep for me** - "cry about my situation" -* **but weep for yourselves and your children** - "instead cry for what is going to happen to you and your children" (UDB) +The woman were part of the large crowd, and not a separate crowd. + +# mourned for him + +"mourned for Jesus" + +# were following him + +This does not mean that they were Jesus' disciples. It simply means they were walking along behind him. + +# turning to them + +This indicates that Jesus turned to face the women and address them directly. + +# Daughters of Jerusalem + +The "daughter" of a city means the women of the city. This was not rude. It was a normal form of address to a group of women from one location. AT: "You women who are from Jerusalem" + +# do not weep for me, but + +Jesus uses hyperbole to say that they had more reason to weep for their own situation than for his. AT: "do not cry about my situation. Instead," or "you are weeping for me, but even worse things are going to happen to you, so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# weep for yourselves and for your children + +The person is a metonym for what will happen to the person. AT: "cry about what is going to happen to you and to your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/29.md b/luk/23/29.md index c32260d5c8..ec2385b585 100644 --- a/luk/23/29.md +++ b/luk/23/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# For see -* **in which they will say** - "when people will say" -* **the barren** - "women who have not given birth to children" -* **Then** - "At that time" -* **to the hills** - "they will say to the hills" -* **For if they do these things while the tree is green what will happen when it is dry?** - This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as a statement: "You can see that they are doing these bad things while the tree is green, so you can be sure that they will do worse things when the tree is dry." The meaning is "You see that they are doing bad things now in good times, so you can be sure they will do worse things in the bad times in the future." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the tree is green** - The green tree is a metaphor for something good in the present. If your language has a similar metaphor, you should use it here. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **it is dry** - The dry wood is a metaphor for something bad in the future. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they** - This can refer to either the Romans or the Jewish leaders or no one in particular. +This introduces the reason why the women of Jerusalem should weep for themselves. + +# the days are coming + +"there will soon be a time" + +# in which they will say + +"when people will say" + +# the barren + +"women who have not given birth to children" + +# the wombs that did not bear ... the breasts that did not nurse + +These clauses are used to more fully describe "the barren." Those women neither gave birth nor nursed children. It may be helpful to combine these together with "the barren." AT: "the women who have never given birth to children or nursed babies" + +# Then + +"At that time" + +# to the hills + +Words are left out to keep the phrase short. AT: "they will say to the hills" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# For if they do these things while the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry? + +Jesus uses a question to help the crowd understand that people are doing bad things now in good times, so certainly they will do worse things in the bad times in the future. AT: "You can see that they are doing these bad things while the tree is green, so you can be sure that they will do worse things when the tree is dry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the tree is green + +The green tree is a metaphor for something that is good. If your language has a similar metaphor, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is dry + +The dry wood is a metaphor for something that will be useful only to burn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they + +This can refer to either the Romans or the Jewish leaders, or no one in particular. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/32.md b/luk/23/32.md index a7338f4a98..3049e94e24 100644 --- a/luk/23/32.md +++ b/luk/23/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Other men, two criminals, were led away with him to be put to death -* [[en:tw:criminal]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers led away with Jesus two criminals to execute them also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Other men, two criminals -* **Other men, two criminals** - "Two other men who were criminals" (UDB) -* **were led away with him** - "were led away with Jesus" or "The soldiers led away with Jesus two other men who were criminals" -* **to be put to death** - "to kill them" or "to execute them" +"Two other men who were criminals" or "two criminals." Luke avoids saying "other criminals" because Jesus was innocent, even though he was treated as a criminal. Luke calls the other two men criminals, but not Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/33.md b/luk/23/33.md index 8723847d43..101f21eb93 100644 --- a/luk/23/33.md +++ b/luk/23/33.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# When they came -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] +The word "they" includes the soldiers, the criminals, and Jesus. -## translationNotes +# they crucified him -* **when they came** - The word "they" includes the soldiers, the criminals, and Jesus. -* **they crucified him** - "the soldiers crucified Jesus" -* **one on the right** - "one of the criminals was crucified on a cross located at the right side of Jesus" -* **the other on the left** - "the other criminal was crucified on a cross located at the left side of Jesus" -* **forgive them** - The word "them" refers to those who were crucifying Jesus. -* **for they do not know what they are doing** - "because they do not understand what they are doing." The soldiers did not understand that they were crucifying the Son of God. This can also be translated as "for they do not really know who they are doing this do." -* **they cast lots** - The soldiers participated in a type of gambling. It can be translated as "they gambled." -* **dividing up his garments** - "to decide who among the soldiers would take home each piece of Jesus' clothing" +"the Roman soldiers crucified Jesus" + +# one on his right and one on his left + +"they crucified one criminal on Jesus' right side and the other criminal on Jesus' left side" + +# Father, forgive them + +The word "them" refers to those who were crucifying Jesus. Jesus speaks to his Father with compassion toward the men crucifying him. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# for they do not know what they are doing + +"because they do not understand what they are doing." The Roman soldiers did not understand that they were crucifying the Son of God. AT: "for they do not really know whom they are crucifying" + +# they cast lots + +The soldiers participated in a type of gambling. AT: "they gambled" + +# dividing up his garments + +"to decide who among the soldiers would take home each piece of Jesus' clothing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/35.md b/luk/23/35.md index 17a1f93abd..e9ab685008 100644 --- a/luk/23/35.md +++ b/luk/23/35.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# stood -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +"were standing there" -## translationNotes +# him -* **stood** - "were standing there" -* **him** - This refers to Jesus. -* **Let him save himself** - "Jesus should be able to save himself" or "We would like to see him prove who he is by saving himself from the cross" -* **the chosen one** - This could also be translated as "the one that God chose." +This refers to Jesus. + +# He saved others. Let him save himself + +Luke records the ironic words of the rulers. The only way Jesus could save others was by dying instead of saving himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Let him save himself + +"Jesus should be able to save himself." They said this to mock Jesus. They did not believe he could save himself. AT: "We would like to see him prove who he is by saving himself from the cross" + +# the chosen one + +"the one that God has chosen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/36.md b/luk/23/36.md index a166b32481..ab9512ca01 100644 --- a/luk/23/36.md +++ b/luk/23/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# him -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] +"Jesus" -## translationNotes +# approaching him -* **him** - "Jesus" -* **approaching him** - "coming close to Jesus" -* **offering him vinegar** - "offering Jesus vinegar to drink." Many Bible students believe the soldiers did this to mock him: they knew he was thirsty, so they would put the vinegar near his lips but not let him drink it. -* **a sign over him** - "a placard hung above Jesus' head on which was written" +"coming close to Jesus" + +# offering him vinegar + +"offering Jesus vinegar to drink." Vinegar is a cheap drink that common people drink. The soldiers were mocking Jesus by giving a cheap drink to someone who claims to be a king. + +# If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself + +This was also a way for the soldiers to mock Jesus. AT: "We do not believe you are the King of the Jews, but if you are, prove us wrong and save yourself!" + +# a sign over him + +"a placard at the top of Jesus' cross that stated" + +# This is the King of the Jews + +The people who put this sign above Jesus were mocking him. They did not really think he was a king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/39.md b/luk/23/39.md index 77c462fdbe..9dad981c6b 100644 --- a/luk/23/39.md +++ b/luk/23/39.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# insulted him -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +"insulted Jesus" -## translationNotes +# Are you not the Christ? -* **insulted him** - "insulted Jesus" -* **Are you not the Christ?** - This question is intended not to gather information but to express doubt that Jesus really was the Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the other answered ** - "the other criminal answered" -* **and rebuking him said ** - "and rebuked that criminal by saying" -* **you are under the same sentence** - "you have been judged worthy of the same punishment (death on the cross)" -* **We indeed are here justly** - "Truly we deserve this punishment" -* **this man** - The criminal is using these words to refer to Jesus. +The criminal uses a question to mock Jesus. AT: "You claim to be the Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Save yourself and us + +The criminal did not really think that Jesus could rescue them from the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# the other rebuked him + +"the other criminal rebuked him" + +# Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence? + +The criminal uses a question to scold the other criminal. AT: "You must have no fear of God, since you mock Jesus while you are hanging on a cross just like he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# We indeed ... for we ... we deserve + +These usages of "we" refer only to the two criminals, and not to Jesus or the other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# We indeed are here justly + +"Truly we deserve this punishment" + +# this man + +This refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/42.md b/luk/23/42.md index ed36c3df2d..e8588e03a5 100644 --- a/luk/23/42.md +++ b/luk/23/42.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he said -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] +"The criminal also said" -## translationNotes +# remember me -* **he added** - "the criminal also said" -* **come into your kingdom** - "begin to rule as king" (UDB) -* **Truly I say to you** - "Truly" adds emphasis to what Jesus is saying. This could be translated as "I want you to know that." -* **paradise** - This is the place that righteous people go to when they die. It can be translated as "the happy place" "the place of the righteous" or "the place where people live well." Jesus was assuring the man that he would be with God and God would accept him. +"think about me and treat me well" + +# come into your kingdom + +To "come into" a kingdom means to begin to rule. AT: "begin to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"Truly" adds emphasis to what Jesus is saying. AT: "I want you to know that" + +# paradise + +This is the place that righteous people go to when they die. Jesus was assuring the man that he would be with God and God would accept him. AT: "the happy place" or "the place of the righteous" or "the place where people live well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/44.md b/luk/23/44.md index 4c75219542..9c1c856846 100644 --- a/luk/23/44.md +++ b/luk/23/44.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# about the sixth hour -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"about noon." This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m. -## translationNotes +# darkness came over the whole land -* **It was now about the sixth hour** - "When it was about noon." This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **darkness came over the entire land** - "the entire land became dark" -* **until the ninth hour** - "until 3 p.m." This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **the curtain of the temple** - "the curtain inside the temple" -* **was torn in the middle** - "tore (or split) to become two pieces." AT: "God tore the temple curtain into two pieces" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the entire land became dark" + +# until the ninth hour + +"until 3 p.m." This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m. + +# as the sun's light failed + +This does not refer to sundown. Rather, the light of the sun darkened during the middle of the day. Use a term to describe the sun becoming dark rather than the sun going down. + +# the curtain of the temple + +"the curtain inside the temple." This was the curtain that separated the most holy place from the rest of the temple. + +# the curtain of the temple was split down the middle + +"the curtain of the temple was torn from top to bottom into two pieces." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God tore the temple curtain into two pieces from the top to the bottom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/46.md b/luk/23/46.md index b3d92ab713..3a43ca0dd4 100644 --- a/luk/23/46.md +++ b/luk/23/46.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Crying with a loud voice -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"Shouting loudly." It may be helpful to show how this is related to the events of the previous verses. AT: "When that happened, Jesus shouted loudly" -## translationNotes +# Father -* **Crying** - "Shouting" -* **into your hands I commit my spirit** - AT: "I entrust my spirit to your care" or "I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Having said this** - "After Jesus said this" -* **he died** - "Jesus died" -* **what was done** - "what had happened" +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# into your hands I commit my spirit + +"The phrase "into your hands" refers to God's care. AT: "I entrust my spirit to your care" or "I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Having said this + +"After Jesus said this" + +# he died + +"Jesus died" + +# the centurion + +This was the title for the Roman officer who was in charge of the other Roman soldiers. He supervised the crucifixion. + +# what was done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the things that had happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this was a righteous man + +The abstract noun "righteous" can be stated as an action. AT: "this man has done nothing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/48.md b/luk/23/48.md index 51dfbc5942..d0b008fb3f 100644 --- a/luk/23/48.md +++ b/luk/23/48.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# multitudes -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"crowd of people" -## translationNotes +# who came together -* **multitudes** - "crowds of people" -* **sight** - "event" or "what was happening" -* **who came together** - "who gathered together" -* **things that were done ** - "what had happened" -* **returned** - "returned to their homes" (UDB) -* **beating their breasts** - This means "hitting their own chests to show that they were sorrowful" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his acquaintances** - “those who knew Jesus” or “those who had met Jesus” -* **followed him** - "followed Jesus" -* **at a distance** - "some distance away from Jesus" -* **these things** - "what happened" +"who gathered together" + +# witness this sight + +"see this event" or "observe what was happening" + +# things that were done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what had happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# returned + +"returned to their homes" + +# beating their breasts + +This was a symbol of sorrow and regret. AT: "hitting their own chests to show that they were sorrowful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# followed him + +"traveled with Jesus" + +# at a distance + +"some distance away from Jesus" + +# these things + +"what happened" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/50.md b/luk/23/50.md index 9864686320..57d388bf70 100644 --- a/luk/23/50.md +++ b/luk/23/50.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +This is the next part of the story. Joseph asks Pilate for Jesus' body. These verses give us background information about who Joseph is. It may be helpful to reorder some of this information with a verse bridge as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold, there was a man -* **Behold** - The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a man who was…” -* **belonging to the Council** - "and he was a member of the Jewish Council" -* **a good and righteous man** - "He was a good and righteous man" -* **had not agreed with the decision and their action** - "Joseph did not agree with the council's decision to kill Jesus and the council's action" -* **from Arimathea, a Jewish city** - "Joseph was from the Jewish city called Arimathea" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **who was waiting** - "Joseph was waiting" +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. AT: "There was a man who was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# the Council + +"the Jewish Council" + +# a good and righteous man + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "He was a good and righteous man" + +# with the decision of the Council and their action + +What the decision was can be stated clearly. AT: "with the Council's decision to kill Jesus and their action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the Judean town of Arimathea + +Here "Judean town" means it was located in Judea. AT: "the town called Arimathea, which is in Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/52.md b/luk/23/52.md index 9478d2812e..4a1e909091 100644 --- a/luk/23/52.md +++ b/luk/23/52.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# This man -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"Joseph" -## translationNotes +# approaching Pilate, asked for -* **This man** - "Joseph" -* **approaching Pilate, asked** - "went to Pilate and requested" -* **He took it down** - "Joseph took Jesus' body from the cross" -* **wrapped it in fine linen** - "wrapped the body in a fine linen cloth" -* **laid him in a tomb** - "placed Jesus' body in a tomb" or "placed Jesus' body in a burial room" -* **that was cut in rock** - "a tomb which someone had cut in a rock cliff" -* **where no one had ever been laid ** - "No one had ever before put a body in that tomb" (UDB) +"went to Pilate and requested" + +# for the body of Jesus + +"to take the body of Jesus and bury it" + +# He took it down + +"Joseph took Jesus' body from the cross" + +# wrapped it in fine linen + +"wrapped the body in a fine linen cloth." This was the normal burial custom at that time. + +# that was cut in stone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which someone had cut in a rock cliff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# where no one had ever been laid + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "No one had ever before put a body in that tomb" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/54.md b/luk/23/54.md index 71dce0fd92..92677b1f3a 100644 --- a/luk/23/54.md +++ b/luk/23/54.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# the Day of the Preparation -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +"the day when people got ready for the Jewish day of rest called the Sabbath" -## translationNotes +# the Sabbath was dawning -* **the Day of Preparation** - "the day when people got ready for the Jewish day of rest called the Sabbath" (UDB) -* **the Sabbath was dawning** - "It was soon going to be sunset, the start of the Sabbath" (UDB). The dawn here is a metaphor for the beginning of a day. For the Jews, the day began at sunset. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who had come with him out of Galilee** - "who had traveled with Jesus from the region of Galilee" -* **followed after** - "followed behind Joseph and the men who were with him" -* **saw the tomb** - "the women saw the tomb" -* **how his body was laid** - "the women saw how the men laid Jesus' body inside the tomb" -* **They returned** - "The women went to the houses where the women were staying" (UDB) -* **prepared spices and ointments** - "prepared spices and ointments to prepare Jesus' body for burial" -* **they rested** - "the women did no work" -* **according to the commandment** - "according to the Jewish law" or "as the Jewish law required" or "as required by the law given through Moses" +The dawn here is a metaphor for the beginning of a day. For the Jews, the day began at sunset. AT: "it was soon going to be sunset, the start of the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who had come with Jesus out of Galilee + +"who had traveled with Jesus from the region of Galilee" + +# followed after + +"walked along behind Joseph and the men who were with him" + +# saw the tomb + +"the women saw the tomb" + +# how his body was laid + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the women saw how the men laid Jesus' body inside the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They returned + +"The women went to the houses where the women were staying" + +# prepared spices and ointments + +These were used in the burial process in that time. AT: "prepared spices and ointments to prepare Jesus' body for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they rested + +"the women did no work" + +# according to the commandment + +"according to the Jewish law" or "as the Jewish law required." They were not allowed to prepare his body on the Sabbath according to the law. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/intro.md b/luk/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d711c1a92e --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Luke 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The ULB sets the last line of this chapter apart because it is more connected with chapter 24 than with chapter 23. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "They began to accuse him" ##### +These men did not just accuse Jesus of these things, they also lied about it and perverted the facts to try to get Pilate to sentence Jesus to death. + +##### "The curtain of the temple was split in two" ##### + +This is an important symbol. The curtain symbolically separated God and man. God could not be directly accessed because of his holiness. The death of Christ changed this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Burial Practices ##### + +It was customary in ancient Israel to bury an important person in a tomb with a large rock to seal it. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I find no fault in this man." ##### +After one simple question, it appears that Pilate declares Jesus innocent too quickly. This is because Luke omits many of the details of Jesus' interaction with Pilate. This information is contained in the other gospels. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/01.md b/luk/24/01.md index c5568abe93..6570e133aa 100644 --- a/luk/24/01.md +++ b/luk/24/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This is the next part of the story. The women return to the tomb with spices to put on Jesus' body. -## translationNotes +# Very early on the first day of the week -* **Very early on the first day of the week** - "Before dawn on Sunday" (UDB) (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeweek]]) -* **came to** - "arrived at." The ULB is written as though the narrator is already at the tomb and sees the women arrive there. The UDB is written as though the narrator sees the women leave an unnamed place and go to the tomb. -* **the tomb** - This tomb was cut in the rock of a cliff. -* **the stone rolled away** - a large, cut, round stone big enough to completely block the doorway to the tomb. It required several men to roll. +"Before dawn on Sunday" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# they came to + +"the women arrived at." The ULB is written as though the narrator is already at the tomb and sees the women arrive there. The UDB is written as though the narrator sees the women leave an unnamed place and go to the tomb. + +# the tomb + +This tomb was cut in the rock of a cliff. + +# bringing the spices + +These were the same spices they prepared in [Luke 23:56](../23/54.md). + +# They found the stone + +"They saw that the stone was" + +# the stone rolled away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that someone had rolled the stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the stone + +This was a large, cut, round stone big enough to completely block the doorway to the tomb. It required several men to roll it. + +# did not find the body of the Lord Jesus + +You can state explicitly that they did not find it because it was not there. AT: "the body of the Lord Jesus was not there!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/04.md b/luk/24/04.md index b5c6382c62..a1c40cf003 100644 --- a/luk/24/04.md +++ b/luk/24/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] +Two angels appear and begin speaking to the women. -## translationNotes +# It happened -* **It happened** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **in dazzling apparel** - "wearing bright, shining clothes" (UDB) -* **filled with fear** - "became afraid" -* **Why do you seek the living among the dead?** - This is a rhetorical question. It can also be translated as "You are looking for a living person among dead people" or "You should not be looking for someone who is alive in a place where they bury dead people!" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why do you seek** - "You" here is plural, referring to the women who came. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# were filled with fear + +"became afraid" + +# bowed down their faces to the earth + +"bowed low to the ground." This action expresses their humility and submission to the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Why do you seek the living among the dead? + +The men use a question to mildly criticize the women for looking in a tomb for a living person. AT: "You are looking for a living person among dead people!" or "You should not be looking for someone who is alive in a place where they bury dead people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why do you seek + +Here "you" is plural, referring to the women who came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/06.md b/luk/24/06.md index 3257ad0b84..7ef00e65b1 100644 --- a/luk/24/06.md +++ b/luk/24/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +The angels finish speaking to the women. -## translationNotes +# but has been raised! -* The angels continue talking to the women. -* **remember how** - "remember what" -* **he spoke to you** - Jesus had said this at least a week earlier. -* **to you** - The word "you" is plural. It refers to the women and the other disciples. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **that the Son of Man** - This is the beginning of an indirect quote. It can also be translated with a direct quote as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **the Son of Man must be** - "it was necessary for the Son of Man to be." This is something that would certainly happen because God had already decided that it would happen. -* **delivered up into the hands of** - "handed over to" or "given over to." Here "hand" refers to power or control. The sentence can also be translated with an active verb: "They will have to hand me, the Son of Man, over to sinful men" (UDB) or "Someone will certainly enable sinful men to seize the Son of Man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"but he has been made alive again!" This can be stated in active form. AT: "because God has made him alive again!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Remember how + +"Remember what" + +# to you + +The word "you" is plural. It refers to the women and possibly the other disciples in addition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# that the Son of Man + +This is the beginning of an indirect quote. It can also be translated with a direct quote as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# the Son of Man must be delivered up into the hands of sinful men and be crucified + +The phrase "must be" means this is something that would certainly happen because God had already decided that it would happen. AT: "it was necessary that they hand the Son of Man over to sinful men so they can nail him to a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into the hands + +Here "hands" refers to power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# third day + +The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the "third day" because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/08.md b/luk/24/08.md index 70958e0b75..6bebd4e24a 100644 --- a/luk/24/08.md +++ b/luk/24/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The women go to tell the apostles about what they found at the tomb. -## translationNotes +# remembered his words -* **remembered his words** - "remembered Jesus' words" -* **returned from the tomb** - The narrator's point of observation is from the path between the tomb and apostles (ULB). The UDB has the point of observation at the tomb, noting that the women have left. In either case, the women left the tomb and went to where the apostles were. -* **all the rest** - "all the rest of the disciples that were with the eleven apostles" +Here "words" refers to the statement that Jesus made. AT: "remembered what Jesus said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the eleven and all the rest + +"all the rest of the disciples that were with the eleven apostles" + +# the eleven + +This is Luke's first reference to the eleven, because Judas left the twelve and betrayed Jesus. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke gives the names of some of the women who came from the tomb and told the apostles what had happened there. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/11.md b/luk/24/11.md index 63e6cdb61c..9ac55a60c0 100644 --- a/luk/24/11.md +++ b/luk/24/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But this message seemed like idle talk to the apostles -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"But the apostles thought that what the women said was foolish talk" -## translationNotes +# Yet Peter -* **but this message seemed like idle talk to the apostles** - "but the apostles thought that what the women said was foolish talk" -* **rose up** - This is a Hebrew idiom that means "began to act." Whether Peter was sitting or standing when he decided to act is not important. It can also be translated as "started out." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **stooping** - "bending over" in order to look into the tomb -* **the linen cloths by themselves** - "only the linen cloths" +This phrase contrasts Peter to the other apostles. He did not dismiss what the women said, but ran to the tomb to see for himself. + +# rose up + +This is an idiom that means "began to act." Whether Peter was sitting or standing when he decided to act is not important. AT: "started out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# stooping + +"bending over." Tombs cut in solid rock were very low. Peter had to bend over in order to see inside the tomb. + +# the linen cloths by themselves + +"only the linen cloths." This refers to the cloth that had been wrapped around Jesus' body when he was buried in [Luke 23:53](../23/52.md). It is implied that the body of Jesus was not there. AT: "the linen cloths in which Jesus' body had been wrapped, but Jesus was not there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# departed to his home + +"went away to his home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/13.md b/luk/24/13.md index e0c812b177..cc0d465a00 100644 --- a/luk/24/13.md +++ b/luk/24/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +This is the next part of the story. Two of the disciples are on their way to Emmaus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **Behold** - This marks the beginning of another event different from the ones involving the women and Peter. -* **that very day** - "that same day" (UDB) -* **Emmaus** - This is the name of a town. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **sixty stadia** - "eleven kilometers." A "stadium" was 185 meters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +This word marks the beginning of the next part of the story. + +# two of them + +"two of the disciples" + +# that very day + +"that same day." This refers to the day when the women found the tomb to be empty. + +# Emmaus + +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# sixty stadia + +"eleven kilometers." A "stadium" was 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/15.md b/luk/24/15.md index 9afadf681b..86f40737c7 100644 --- a/luk/24/15.md +++ b/luk/24/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened that -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. It starts with Jesus approaching them. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# Jesus himself -* **It happened that** - This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. It starts with Jesus approaching them. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Jesus himself** - The word "himself" focuses on Jesus and the surprise of Jesus actually appearing to them. So far the women had seen the angels, but no one had seen Jesus. -* **Their eyes were prevented from recognizing him** - "Their eyes were kept from recognizing Jesus." The men's ability to recognize Jesus is spoken of as their eyes' ability to recognize him. It can also be translated as "They were kept from recognizing him" or "Something prevented them so they could not recognize him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "himself" emphasizes the fact that the very Jesus they were talking about actually appeared to them. So far the women had seen the angels, but no one had seen Jesus. + +# their eyes were prevented from recognizing him + +"their eyes were kept from recognizing Jesus." The men's ability to recognize Jesus is spoken of as their eyes' ability to recognize him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "something prevented them so they could not recognize him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/17.md b/luk/24/17.md index efa3e0cadb..f7b6d4a117 100644 --- a/luk/24/17.md +++ b/luk/24/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus said to them -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +"Jesus said to the two men" -## translationNotes +# Cleopas -* **Cleopas** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Are you the only person** - "You" refers to Jesus, use you (singular). This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. Cleopas showed his surprise that Jesus appeared not to know about the things that had happened in Jerusalem. It can also be translated as "You must be the only person." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Are you the only person ... days? + +Cleopas uses this question to show his surprise that this man appeared not to know about the things that had happened in Jerusalem. AT: "You must be the only person ... days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are you + +Here "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/19.md b/luk/24/19.md index 5d1c7315ab..f0d1be38c5 100644 --- a/luk/24/19.md +++ b/luk/24/19.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What things? -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"What things have happened?" or "What things have taken place?" -## translationNotes +# mighty in deed and word before God and all the people -* **"What things?"** - "What things have happened?" or "What things have taken place?" -* **mighty in deed and word before God and all the people** - This means that God caused Jesus to be mighty and that the people saw that he was mighty. It can also be translated as "God gave him power to do and teach great things and the people were amazed." -* **mighty in deed and word** - "able to do great things and teach great things" -* **delivered him up to be condemned to death** - AT: "handed Jesus over to the Roman governor in order for the governor to put Jesus to death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This means that God caused Jesus to be mighty and that the people saw that he was mighty. AT: "and God gave him power to do and teach great things that were amazing to all the people" + +# delivered him up + +"handed Jesus over to the Roman governor" + +# to be condemned to death and crucified him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in order for the governor to put Jesus to death by crucifying him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/21.md b/luk/24/21.md index 5dd46e4565..54b64d4f2c 100644 --- a/luk/24/21.md +++ b/luk/24/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] +The two men continue responding to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# who would free Israel -* **he who would free Israel** - The Jews were ruled by the Romans. The disciples meant "The one who would free Israel from their Roman enemies." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **since these things came to pass** - "since he was killed" (UDB) +The Romans ruled over the Jews. AT: "who would free the Israelites from our Roman enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yes, and besides all this + +This introduces another reason why they believed Jesus would not free Israel. AT: "Now that does not seem possible because" + +# the third day + +The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the "third day" because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. See how you translated this in [Luke 24:7](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# since all these things happened + +"since all the many actions have taken place that led up to the death of Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/22.md b/luk/24/22.md index aeaa884d6a..17d90a11ea 100644 --- a/luk/24/22.md +++ b/luk/24/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +The two men finish responding to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# But also -* **But also** - The men considered the women's report to be a good thing, not another bad thing in addition to Jesus' death. -* **having been at the tomb** - The women were the ones who were at the tomb. -* **a vision of angels** - "angels in a vision" +This introduces another reason why it the men did not understand what was happening concerning Jesus. + +# of our company + +"in our group" + +# having been at the tomb + +The women were the ones who were at the tomb. + +# a vision of angels + +"angels in a vision" + +# they did not see him + +"they did not see Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/25.md b/luk/24/25.md index 02d7e66117..fe376a459e 100644 --- a/luk/24/25.md +++ b/luk/24/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus said to them -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Jesus was speaking to the two disciples. -## translationNotes +# slow of heart to believe -* **Jesus said to them** - Use the dual form of "them." -* **slow of heart to believe** - AT: "your minds are slow to believe" or "you are slow to believe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Was it not necessary** - This is a rhetorical question that means "It was necessary." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) Jesus did right by suffering and would have done wrong by not suffering. -* **to enter into his glory** - This refers to the time Jesus will show everyone his beauty and greatness and receive honor and worship. -* **Jesus interpreted to them** - Use the dual form of "them." +The "heart" was considered to be what enabled a person to make decisions. AT: "your minds are slow to believe" or "you are slow to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Was it not necessary ... glory? + +Jesus uses a question to remind the disciples about what the prophets said. AT: "It was necessary ... glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to enter into his glory + +This refers to Jesus beginning to rule and to receive honor and glory. + +# beginning from Moses + +Moses wrote the first books of the Bible. AT: "beginning with the writings of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jesus interpreted to them + +"Jesus explained to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/28.md b/luk/24/28.md index eb4123ab69..c41b681816 100644 --- a/luk/24/28.md +++ b/luk/24/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus acted as though he was going further -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +The two men understood from his actions that he was going on to another destination. Perhaps he kept walking on the road when they turned off to enter the gate into the village. There is no indication that Jesus deceived them with words. -## translationNotes +# they compelled him -* **As they drew near** - "As they came near" (UDB) -* **he acted as though he would go further** - The two men understood from his actions that he was going on to another destination. Perhaps he kept walking on the road when they turned off to enter the gate into the village. There is no indication that Jesus deceived them with words. -* **they compelled him** - "They strongly urged him." The Greek word means to use physical force over an extended time, but it seems to be hyperbole. It took them some time and effort to persuade him. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Jesus went in** - "Jesus entered the house" -* **stay with them** - Use the dual form of "them." +You may need to make explicit what they compelled him to do. This is probably an exaggeration to show that they needed to speak with him for a long time before they could change his mind. The word "compel" means to use physical force, but it seems that they persuaded him using only words. AT: "They were able to persuade him to stay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# it is toward evening and the day is almost over + +The Jewish day ended at sundown. + +# Jesus went in + +"Jesus entered the house" + +# stay with them + +"stay with the two disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/30.md b/luk/24/30.md index 9c4295f973..a4dd6f9e4e 100644 --- a/luk/24/30.md +++ b/luk/24/30.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# the bread -* **It happened** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **Then their eyes were opened** - "then they understood" or "then they realized" -* **the bread** - This refers to bread made without yeast. It does not refer to food in general. -* **blessed it** - This can be translated as "gave thanks for it" or "thanked God for it." -* **he vanished out of their sight** - This means that suddenly he was no longer there. It does not mean that he became invisible. -* **Was not our heart burning…** - "Our hearts were burning within us" (UDB). This is a rhetorical question. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **our hearts burning within** - This is a metaphor that describes the intense feelings they had while talking to Jesus. The question could be translated as "We had such intense feelings while he was speaking to us..." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **within us** - The two men were speaking to each other. So the word "us" is dual inclusive for languages that make these distinctions. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **while he opened to us the scriptures** - "while he explained the scriptures to us." Jesus did not open a book or scroll. +This refers to bread made without yeast. It does not refer to food in general. + +# blessed it + +"gave thanks for it" or "thanked God for it" + +# Then their eyes were opened + +Their "eyes" represent their understanding. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then they understood" or "Then they realized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they knew him + +"they recognized him." These disciples knew him before his death. + +# he vanished out of their sight + +This means that suddenly he was no longer there. It does not mean that he became invisible. + +# Was not our heart burning ... scriptures? + +They use a question to emphasize how amazed they were about their encounter with Jesus. AT: "Our hearts were burning within us ... scriptures." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Was not our heart burning within us + +The intense feelings they had while talking to Jesus are spoken of as if they were a burning fire inside them. AT: "We had such intense feelings while he was speaking to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# within us + +The two men were speaking to each other. The word "us" is dual inclusive for languages that make these distinctions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# while he opened to us the scriptures + +Jesus did not open a book or scroll. "opened" refers to their understanding. AT: "while he explained the scriptures to us" or "while he enabled us to understand the scriptures" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/33.md b/luk/24/33.md index 1f08a5bd1f..cac2e608e2 100644 --- a/luk/24/33.md +++ b/luk/24/33.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +The two men go to Jerusalem to the eleven disciples to tell them about Jesus. -## translationNotes +# They rose up -* **They rose up** - "They" refers to the two men. Languages that have a dual form of "they" should use it here. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) -* **rose up** - "got up" or "stood up" -* **the eleven** - This refers to Jesus' apostles. Judas was not with them. -* **saying, "The Lord is risen indeed** - The eleven apostles and those who were with them were saying this. -* **So they told** - "so the two men told" -* **the things that happened on the way** - This refers to Jesus appearing to them while they were on their way to the village of Emmaus. -* **how Jesus was known of them** - This can be translated with an active verb as "how they recognized Jesus." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in the breaking of the bread** - "when Jesus broke the bread" or "when Jesus tore the bread" +"They" refers to the two men. + +# rose up + +"got up" or "stood up" + +# the eleven ... and those who were with them, saying + +"the eleven ... and those who were with them, and those people told the two men" + +# the eleven + +This refers to Jesus' apostles. Judas was no longer included with them. + +# So they told + +"So the two men told them" + +# the things that happened on the way + +This refers to Jesus appearing to them while they were on their way to the village of Emmaus. + +# how Jesus was shown to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "how they recognized Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the breaking of the bread + +"when Jesus broke the bread" or "when Jesus tore the bread" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/36.md b/luk/24/36.md index 7f0798b7a9..54b242a6c0 100644 --- a/luk/24/36.md +++ b/luk/24/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Jesus appears to the disciples. When the two men previously arrived at the house where the Eleven were, Jesus was not with them. -## translationNotes +# Jesus himself -* **Jesus himself** - The word “himself” focuses on Jesus and the surprise of Jesus actually appearing to them. Most of them had not seen him after his resurrection. -* **in the midst of them** - This can be translated as "where they could all see him." -* **Peace be to you** - "May you have peace" or "May God give you peace!" (UDB) The word "you" is plural. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **they were terrified and filled with fear** - "they were startled and afraid" (UDB) -* **supposed that they saw a spirit** - They did not yet truly understand that Jesus was really alive. -* **a spirit** - Here it refers to the spirit of a dead person. +The word "himself" focuses on Jesus and the surprise of Jesus actually appearing to them. Most of them had not seen him after his resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# in the midst of them + +"among them" + +# Peace be to you + +"May you have peace" or "May God give you peace!" The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# But they were terrified + +"But" indicates a strong contrast. Jesus told them to be at peace, but they were very afraid instead. + +# terrified and filled with fear + +"startled and afraid." These two phrases mean about the same thing, and are used together to emphasize their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# supposed that they saw a spirit + +"thought that they were seeing a ghost." They did not yet truly understand that Jesus was really alive. + +# a spirit + +Here it refers to the spirit of a dead person. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/38.md b/luk/24/38.md index a234ed82c1..e164b93e74 100644 --- a/luk/24/38.md +++ b/luk/24/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you troubled? -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Jesus uses a question to comfort them. AT: "Do not be frightened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why do questions arise in your heart? -* **Why are you troubled** - This is a rhetorical question used to comfort them. It can be translated as "Do not be frightened." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **And why do questions arise in your heart?** - "Why do you doubt in your mind?" This rhetorical question is a mild rebuke. It can be translated as "Stop doubting in your heart." Jesus was telling them not to doubt that he was alive. This can be made explicit as in the UDB. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **flesh and bones** - This is a way of referring to the body. +Jesus uses a question to mildly rebuke them. Jesus was telling them not to doubt that he was alive. The word "heart" refers to their thinking. AT: "Do not doubt in your minds!" or "Stop doubting!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Touch me and see ... see me having + +Jesus asks them to confirm by touch that he is not a ghost. It may be helpful to combine and reorder these two sentences. AT: "Touch me and feel that I have flesh and bones that a ghost would not have" + +# flesh and bones + +This is a way of referring to the physical body. + +# his hands and his feet + +It is understood that his hands and feet contained the nail marks from his crucifixion that would prove it was really Jesus. This can be made explicit. AT: "the wounds in his hands and his feet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/41.md b/luk/24/41.md index c8a2cbb30c..121e6ebb59 100644 --- a/luk/24/41.md +++ b/luk/24/41.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They still could not believe it because of joy -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] +"They were full of joy, but they could not yet believe that it was really true" -## translationNotes +# ate it before them -* **were still incredulous with joy** - "still could not believe that it was really true!" They were very excited, but at the same time, it was difficult for them to believe that it had really happened. -* **and wondered** - "and were amazed" (UDB) or "and wondered how this could be" -* **before them** - "in front of them" or "while they were watching" (UDB) +Jesus did this to prove that he had a physical body. Spirits would not be able to eat food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before them + +"in front of them" or "while they were watching" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/44.md b/luk/24/44.md index 21e8b7fef4..73c454b381 100644 --- a/luk/24/44.md +++ b/luk/24/44.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When I was with you -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill|fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|law, law of Moses, God's law, law of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer, prophetess]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] +"When I was with you before" -## translationNotes +# all that was written in the law of Moses and the prophets and the Psalms -* **When I was with you** - "When I was with you before" -* **all that was written in the law of Moses and the prophets and Psalms** - This can be translated with an active verb: "all that Moses, the prophets, and the writers of the Psalms wrote." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all…must be fulfilled** - "God would fulfill all" -* **all that was written** - "all that was written about me" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all that Moses, the prophets, and the writers of the Psalms wrote about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the prophets + +"the writings of the prophets" + +# must be fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God would fulfill" or "God would cause to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/45.md b/luk/24/45.md index 99f940762d..9132a5645e 100644 --- a/luk/24/45.md +++ b/luk/24/45.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he opened their minds, that they might understand the scriptures -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +To "open the mind" is an idiom that means to enable someone to understand. AT: "Then he enabled them to understand the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Thus it is written -* **He opened their minds** - "He enabled them to understand" (UBD) -* **Thus it is written** - AT: "This is what people long ago wrote" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **repentance and forgiveness of sins should be preached** - This can be translated with active verbs: "the Messiah's followers should preach that people need to repent and have God forgive their sins." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **on the third day** - "after two nights" -* **all the nations** - "all the ethnic communities" or "all the people-groups" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is what people long ago wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the dead ones + +"from among the dead people" + +# the third day + +The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the "third day" because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. See how you translated this in [Luke 24:7](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Repentance and forgiveness of sins should be preached in his name to all the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Christ's followers should preach to people in all the nations that they need to repent and they need God to forgive their sins through Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in his name + +His "name" here refers to his authority. AT: "by the Christ's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the nations + +"all the ethnic communities" or "all the people groups" + +# beginning from Jerusalem + +"starting in Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/48.md b/luk/24/48.md index a3df5aecb2..c304274945 100644 --- a/luk/24/48.md +++ b/luk/24/48.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Jesus continues speaking to the disciples. -## translationNotes +# You are witnesses -* **You are witnesses** - "You are to tell others that what you saw about me is true." The disciples had observed Jesus' life, death and resurrection, and could describe what he did to other people. -* **I send forth the promise of my Father upon you** - "I give you what my Father promised to give you" -* **clothed with power** - "be empowered" or "receive power." God's power will cover them in the same way that clothes cover a person. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **from on high** - "from above" or "from God" +"You are to tell others that what you saw about me is true." The disciples had observed Jesus' life, death and resurrection, and could describe what he did to other people. + +# I am sending you what my Father promised + +"I will give you what my Father promised to give you." God had promised to give the Holy Spirit. The UDB makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# you are clothed with power + +God's power will cover them in the same way that clothes cover a person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you receive power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from on high + +"from above" or "from God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/50.md b/luk/24/50.md index d0aea76734..3771d375ae 100644 --- a/luk/24/50.md +++ b/luk/24/50.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus led them out -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +"Jesus led the disciples outside the city" -## translationNotes +# He lifted up his hands -* **It happened** - "It came about" -* **while he was blessing them** - "While Jesus was asking God to do good to them" -* **was carried** - Since Luke does not specify who carried Jesus up, we don't know if it was God himself or one or more angels. If your language has to specify who did the carrying, it would be best to go with the UDB "went." +This was the action that priests performed when they blessed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# It happened + +"It came about." This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# while he was blessing them + +"while Jesus was asking God to do good to them" + +# was carried + +Since Luke does not specify who carried Jesus up, we do not know if it was God himself or one or more angels. If your language has to specify who did the carrying, it would be best to use "went" as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/52.md b/luk/24/52.md index a9ff78333b..b7817adf6d 100644 --- a/luk/24/52.md +++ b/luk/24/52.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +These verses tell us about the ongoing actions of the disciples as the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# they worshiped him -* **they worshiped him** - This means to bow down, kneel or lie face down at the feet of another in reverence, humility, or awe. -* **continually in the temple** - They went into the temple courtyard every day. -* **blessing God** - "praising God" (UDB) +"the disciples worshiped Jesus" + +# and returned + +"and then returned" + +# continually in the temple + +This is an exaggeration to express that they went into the temple courtyard every day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in the temple + +Only priests were allowed into the temple building. AT: "in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# blessing God + +"praising God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/intro.md b/luk/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53457a16f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Luke 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Faith of the women ##### +It appears Luke purposefully contrasts the faith of the women in this chapter with the twelve disciples. + +##### Resurrection ##### +Luke goes to great lengths in this chapter to defend Jesus's physical resurrection from the dead. Luke shows that it was not possible for another person to have died in Jesus' place. He also shows that the resurrection was not a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Every language may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. + +##### "On the third day" ##### +Jesus is said to have risen from the dead on the third day. He died on a Friday afternoon (before sunset) and was raised on a Sunday. In ancient Israel, a day began and ended at sunset. They also counted any part of the day as a "day." + +##### A young man ##### +The gospel accounts differ as to how many men or angels appeared in this interaction. It is probably that the men were angels, but their number is unclear. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these passages. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md), [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md), and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/11.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/front/intro.md b/luk/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..201debe69a --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# Introduction to the Gospel of Luke # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Luke #### + +1. Introduction and purpose for writing (1:1-–4) +1. Birth of Jesus and his preparation for his ministry (1:5-–4:13) +1. Jesus' ministry in Galilee (4:14––9:50) +1. Jesus' journey to Jerusalem + - Discipleship (9:51––11:13) + - Conflict and Jesus' grief (11:14––14:35) + - Parables and lost and found, honesty and dishonesty (15:1––16:31) + - Kingdom of God (17:1––19:27) + - Jesus' entry into Jerusalem (19:28––44) +1. Jesus in Jerusalem (19:45––21:4) +1. Jesus' teaching about his Second Coming (21:5––36) +1. Jesus' death, burial, and resurrection (22:1––24:53) + +#### What is the Gospel of Luke about? #### + +The Gospel of Luke is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ, but that focus especially on his work. These four Gospels emphasize different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. Luke probably wrote this book to produce an accurate description of the life of Jesus. + +The Gospel of Luke is actually the first of two volumes written by Luke, with the book of Acts being his second book. Luke was apparently writing for Gentile readers. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of Luke" or "The Gospel according to Luke." Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, for example, "The Good News about Jesus that Luke wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Luke? #### + +This book does not give the readers the name of the author. Since early Christian times, however, it has been generally believed that the author was Luke, because he is the only person who could be included in the passages using the word "we." Luke was a medical doctor; his way of writing shows that he was an educated man. He was probably a Gentile who was friendly to Judaism, but he was not a convert to Judaism. He was probably not an eyewitness to Jesus' ministry, but he says that he talked to many people who were eyewitnesses. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What are the roles of women in the Gospel of Luke? #### + +In the ancient Near East, the role of women in society was often minimal. For example, in ancient Israel, a woman's testimony was not usually considered in a courtroom. In the Gospel of Luke, however, women play very clear and important roles. Luke often shows women who are more faithful to God than most men. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +#### Why does Luke spend a great deal of time recording the final week of Jesus' life? #### + +The life of Jesus is important as example for Christians to follow, but it is his sacrificial death and his resurrection that are of greatest importance to Christians. Luke's focus on the events immediately prior to Jesus's death emphasizes that Jesus willingly died for the sins of humanity. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What are the Synoptic Gospels? #### + +The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they share a large amount of textual material. However, the authors often used the same accounts and the same teachings of Jesus to emphasize different aspects of his life, ministry, and message. + +When text is the same or almost the same among two or three gospels, it is said to be "parallel." When these parallel passages are translated, the wording in the project language should be kept the same as much as possible. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Luke? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The follow are the most significant issues in Luke: + +* "Then an angel from heaven appeared to him, strengthening him. Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down upon the ground." (22:43–44) The ULB and UDB include this passage, but some other versions do not. +* "Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing." (23:34) The ULB and UDB include this passage, but some other versions do not. + +The following passage is not included in many modern versions. Some versions put it into square brackets: + +* "For he was required to release one prisoner during the feast" (23:17) + +Translators are advised not to translate this passage. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region that have this passage, it is not wrong to translate it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to Luke's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/01.md b/mal/01/01.md index eb20d90923..b9db15d33d 100644 --- a/mal/01/01.md +++ b/mal/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# The declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:malachi]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be expressed as a statement. "This is the declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi" -## translationNotes +# Yahweh -* **The declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi** - "Yahweh spoke these words to Israel through Malachi" -* **by the hand of Malachi** - through the action of Malachi (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **But you say, "How have you loved us?"** - This question indicates doubt, or questions the truth of God's words. God is using a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "But you say, 'You have not loved us!'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **declares Yahweh** - "Yahweh has solemnly said this" -* **I have loved Jacob** - Yahweh chose to have a relationship with Jacob as his God. -* **Esau I have hated** - Yahweh rejected Esau. -* **I have made his mountains an abandoned devastation** - "I have made his mountains unfit to live in" -* **and I have made his inheritance a place for the jackals of the wilderness** - "and I have made the lands he inherited a desert where only wild animals can live" +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# by the hand of Malachi + +The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Malachi to deliver his message. AT: "through Malachi" or "spoken to them by Malachi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# How have you loved us? + +This question indicates that the people doubt the truth of what God says. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You have not shown that you love us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Was not Esau Jacob's brother? + +This question, a reply of Yahweh reminding the people of their nation's history, may also be expressed as a statement. AT: "You know that Esau was Jacob's brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# declares Yahweh + +"Yahweh has solemnly said this" + +# I have loved Jacob + +Here "loved" implies a relationship of loyalty between Yahweh and Jacob, in which a covenant existed between them. This can be made explicit. AT: "as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have loved Jacob + +This name "Jacob" refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Esau I have hated + +Here "hated" implies that there was no covenant between Yahweh and Esau. However, it does not imply that Yahweh was emotionally against Esau. + +# Esau I have hated + +This name "Esau" refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# his mountains + +This refers to the hill country of Edom. + +# I have made his inheritance a place for the jackals of the wilderness + +In the Old Testament, the presence of wild animals such as jackals was a frequent description of land deserted by the people who once lived there. + +# his inheritance + +Here "inheritance" stands for the region that Esau's descendants, the nation of Edom, occupied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/04.md b/mal/01/04.md index f1de3b74c6..f11bdcedf8 100644 --- a/mal/01/04.md +++ b/mal/01/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# If Edom says -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] +Here "Edom" stands for the people of Edom. AT: "If the people of Edom say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I will throw down -* **If Edom says** - "If the people of Edom say." -* **but I will throw down** - "I will destroy it" -* **and men will call them** - "and men of other nations will call them" -* **country of wickedness** - "country of wicked people" -* **Your own eyes will see this** - "You will see this happen"; that is, they will not need anyone to tell them what has happened. +Here "throw down" stands for "destroy." AT: "I will destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# country of wickedness + +Here "wickedness" stands either for wicked people or for wicked actions. AT: "country of wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Your own eyes will see this + +Here "your own eyes" stands for the people themselves. AT: "You yourselves will see this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/06.md b/mal/01/06.md index 13656a513e..1d45a570e9 100644 --- a/mal/01/06.md +++ b/mal/01/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh rebukes the priests using an imaginary conversation in which the priests protest that they are doing right and Yahweh tells them what they are doing wrong. -## translationNotes +# despise my name -* Yahweh rebukes the priests using a rhetorical conversation in which the priests protest that they are doing right and Yahweh tells them how they are doing wrong. -* **despise my name** - "treat me as though you hate me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **But you say, 'How have we despised your name?'** - "you priests say, 'How have we treated you as though we hate you?'" Alternate translation: "You have despised me but you say you have not!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **polluted bread** - food that was unacceptable for sacrifice -* **And you say, 'How have we polluted you?'** - Alternate translation: "You think you have been acceptable to me but you have not!" -* **table** - altar (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Here "my name" stands for Yahweh himself. AT: "treat me as though you hate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# How have we despised your name? + +Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really despised Yahweh. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We have not really despised your name." or "Tell us how we have despised your name, because we do not think that we have done so." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# polluted bread + +Here "polluted" describes anything that is not suitable to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How have we polluted you? + +Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really polluted Yahweh. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We have not polluted you." or "Tell us how we have polluted you, because we do not think that we have done so." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# polluted you + +This expression refers to insulting God by giving him unsuitable sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# table + +This refers to an altar. + +# By saying that Yahweh's table is contemptible + +This is the answer that Yahweh gives to the priests, but the full answer is only implied. This can be made explicit. AT: "You have polluted me by saying, 'Yahweh's table is contemptible.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# contemptible + +regarded as worthless \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/08.md b/mal/01/08.md index 9259ec3c71..d7cdafcc6f 100644 --- a/mal/01/08.md +++ b/mal/01/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# When you offer blind animals for sacrifice, is that not evil? -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement. This sentence functions as a rebuke to the people. AT: "You know very well that it is evil for you to offer blind animals for sacrifice!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# When you offer the lame and sick, is that not evil? -* **Present that to your governor** - "If you present that to your governor" -* **Present** - give as a gift to show respect -* **will he accept you or will he show you favor?** - "will he be pleased with you?" This is a rebuke. Alternate translation: "he will certainly not be pleased with you!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **And now, ...gracious to us** - Malachi is no longer speaking for God. He is talking directly to the Israelites. -* **With such an offering on your part, will he receive any of you kindly?** - "When you offer unacceptable sacrifices, will God be pleased with you?" This is a rebuke. Alternate translation: "If you offer unacceptable offerings, God will certainly not be pleased with you!" +Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement. AT: "And you know very well that it is evil for you to offer the lame and sick!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Present that to your governor! + +Here Yahweh gives a command in order to express a conditional idea. AT: "If you present that to your governor," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# Will he accept you or will he lift up your face? + +Here Yahweh is asks this question in order to rebuke the people. AT: "If you do those things, you know that the governor will not accept you. He will not lift up your face." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will he lift up your face + +Lifting up someone's face refers to accepting him with favor. AT: "will he accept you with favor" or "will he agree to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Present + +give as a gift to show respect + +# Now you keep asking the face of God, that he may be gracious to us + +Malachi is no longer speaking for God. He is talking directly to the Israelites; he is criticizing them for daring to think that God will have mercy on them. + +# keep asking the face of God + +Here "face" stands for God and also for his presence. AT: "keep asking God in his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with such an offering in your hand, would he lift up any of your faces? + +Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. AT: "if you offer unacceptable offerings, God will certainly not lift up your faces." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with such an offering in your hand + +This difficult phrase in Hebrew is interpreted in many different ways by modern versions. + +# in your hand + +Here "hand" stands for the people bringing the offering. AT: "brought by you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/10.md b/mal/01/10.md index 381f58d7cf..bdbd360595 100644 --- a/mal/01/10.md +++ b/mal/01/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh, if only -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This expresses great desire. -## translationNotes +# so that you might not light fires on my altar in vain -* **Oh, if only** - This expresses great desire. -* **so that you might not light fires on my altar in vain** - "so that you might not make fires to burn offerings and sin by offering worthless sacrifices" -* **from your hand** - "from you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my name** - "me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **from the rising of the sun to its setting** - "everywhere," parallel with "among the nations" and "in every place" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **My name will be great among the nations** - "I will be honored in other nations" -* **in every place incense will be offered to my name** - "in these nations people will offer incense to me in worship" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "light fires on my altar" stands for offering sacrifices on Yahweh's altar. AT: "so that you might not make fires to burn offerings that I will not accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from your hand + +Here "your hand" stands for "you." AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from the rising of the sun to its setting + +This double expression means "everywhere." It is parallel to "among the nations" and "in every place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my name will be great among the nations + +Here "my name" stands for Yahweh's reputation and honor. AT: "I will be honored in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in every place incense and pure offerings will be offered in my name + +This may be expressed in active form. AT: "in these nations people will offer incense and pure offerings to me in order to worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in my name + +Here "name" stands for Yahweh. AT: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# its fruit, its food + +Possible meanings are 1) "the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat" or 2) "the meat sacrificed on the altar." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/13.md b/mal/01/13.md index 11838d2e46..10d1daf5b1 100644 --- a/mal/01/13.md +++ b/mal/01/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# snort at it -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +show great disrespect by making noises through the nose (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Should I accept this from your hand? -* **disdainfully snort** - show great disrespect by making noises through the nose (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Should I accept this from your hand?"** - Should I accept this from you?" This is a rebuke. Alternate translation: "I should certainly not accept this from you!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). -* **Cursed be the deceiver, who has a male animal in his flock and vows to give it to me** - "I will cause bad things to happen to anyone who lies to me who has a physically perfect male animal in his herd and promises to give it to me as an offering" -* **and yet sacrifices to me, the Lord, what is flawed** - "and then sacrifices to me, the Lord, an animal that is not physically perfect" +Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. AT: "I should certainly not accept this from you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# from your hand + +Here "your hand" stands for "you." AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my name will be honored among the nations + +This may be expressed in active form. AT: "people in the other nations honor my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my name will be honored + +Here "my name" stands for Yahweh. AT: "I will be honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/intro.md b/mal/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9dc8ccd614 --- /dev/null +++ b/mal/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Malachi 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh of hosts ##### +This is an important title used in this chapter. It reminds the reader of the great power Yahweh has to punish the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. They all have a rather dramatic effect. They increase the emotional connotations of what is being said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Malachi 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Malachi intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/01.md b/mal/02/01.md index bc830c6052..529a9c0bc9 100644 --- a/mal/02/01.md +++ b/mal/02/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# lay it on your heart -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This refers to considering something to be very important. AT: "consider it to be very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# give honor to my name -* **take it to heart** - “make it very important” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The abstract noun "honor" can be stated as a verb. AT: "honor my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my name + +Here this expression refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will send a curse on you + +The abstract noun "curse" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I will curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you are not laying my command on your heart + +This refers to considering God's command to be very important. AT: "you are not considering my command to be very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/03.md b/mal/02/03.md index 257619c54c..1bb1f1842d 100644 --- a/mal/02/03.md +++ b/mal/02/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will spread dung on your faces -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Here "dung on your faces" stands for disgrace. AT: "I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the dung from your festivals -* **and I will spread dung on your faces** - "I will most certainly treat you with disrespect" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you will be taken away with it** - "they will throw you on the dung pile with it" -* **Levi** - Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi (see UDB) as though they are one person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "festivals" stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. "The dung" probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will take you away with it + +This difficult expression can be translated as "God will take you away with it," that is, with the dung. This expression continues the same metaphor of slaughtering animals for sacrifice, and it can be put in active form. AT: "they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he will take you away with it + +Possible meanings of this expression are 1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or 2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Levi + +Here Levi represents his descendants, the tribe of Levi. AT: "so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/05.md b/mal/02/05.md index 1d9f6a12d9..8bef433125 100644 --- a/mal/02/05.md +++ b/mal/02/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# My covenant with him was life and peace -* Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are one person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **My covenant with him was one of life and peace** - AT: “The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace” -* **I gave these things to him as things to honor me for** - “I gave these things to him so that he would honor me” -* **lips** - ability to speak and inform people (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **guard** - "preserve" (see UDB) +Here the intended results of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. AT: "The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fear, and he feared me + +This expression continues the same metaphor, but leaves out an idea that is implied in the text. This can begin a new sentence. AT: "My covenant with him was also fear, and he feared me" or "In my covenant with him, I required him to fear me, and he did fear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in awe of my name + +Here "my name" stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nothing false was found + +Here finding something stands for that thing existing. AT: "there was no falsehood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on his lips + +Here "lips" stands for a person's ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He walked with me + +Here walking stands for living, conducting one's life in a certain way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in peace and uprightness + +Here the idea of location stands for the manner in which Levi lived. AT: "peacefully and uprightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he turned many away from sin + +Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. AT: "he persuaded many people to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For a priest's lips should keep knowledge + +Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of "keep knowledge" implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lips + +Here "lips" stands for a person's ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seek instruction + +Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "instruction." AT: "want to be instructed" or "want a priest to teach them truly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from his mouth + +Here "mouth" stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/08.md b/mal/02/08.md index bb944e915d..cb69ba72f3 100644 --- a/mal/02/08.md +++ b/mal/02/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# you have turned away from the true path -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:partial]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You have caused many to stumble -* **contemptible and vile before all the people** - AT: "the people hated and did not respect the priests." -* **shown partiality in your instruction** - AT:: "the priests gave easy standards of behavior to people they liked and difficult standards of behavior to people they didn't like." +Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have caused many to stumble with respect to the law + +The expression "with respect to the law" gives the context for the "stumbling." AT: "You have caused many to disobey the law" + +# before all the people + +This spatial idea stands for the people's awareness of the priests' evil behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# kept my ways + +Here "ways" stands for "desires" and "behavior." These ways are spoken of as if they were things that could be kept by people. AT: "followed my desires in how you should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shown partiality with regard to the instruction + +"set easy standards of behavior for people you like and difficult standards of behavior for people you do not like" + +# shown partiality + +Here the habit of favoring some people more than others is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be shown to others. AT: "made people aware that you favor some people more than others (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/10.md b/mal/02/10.md index 856c789098..1ebad07ac3 100644 --- a/mal/02/10.md +++ b/mal/02/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Here the prophet Malachi begins to speak to his fellow Israelites. -## translationNotes +# Is there not one father for us all? Has not one God created us? -* **Do we not all have one father? Has not one God created us?** - These questions are rebukes. AT: "We certainly all have one father, our God who created us!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why do we deal treacherously each against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers?** - This is also a rebuke. AT: "We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God's covenant by disobeying his commands!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **dealt treacherously** - disobeyed God -* **For Judah has profaned the sanctuary of Yahweh** - "The men of Judah have disrespected God's temple" -* **and has married the daughter of a foreign god** - "and they have married women from other nations who worship idols." -* **any descendant of the man that does this** - "any of the man's children and grandchildren who also behave this way" -* **even one who brings an offering to Yahweh of Hosts** - "even if the sinful man brings an offering to God but has not repented of his sin" +Malachi asks these questions in order to remind his fellow Israelites about what they already know. AT: "You know that we all have one father, that our God has created a nation out of us." or "You all know that God is the father of all us Israelites, because he is the one who made our nation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Has not one God created us? + +This question is meant to express a statement. AT: "Certainly it is the same God who has created us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# created us + +This probably refers to God forming the Hebrews into a nation. + +# Why are we faithless each man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers? + +Malachi asks this question in order to rebuke his fellow Israelites. This question may be expressed as a statement. AT: "We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God's covenant by disobeying his commands, as you have been doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Judah has been faithless + +Here "Judah" stands for the people in the region of Judah, and the fact that they have been faithless to Yahweh is spoken of as if they were one man named "Judah." AT: "The people of Judah have been faithless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# A disgusting thing has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "People have done disgusting things in Israel and in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For Judah has profaned the holy place of Yahweh + +Here "Judah" refers again to the people of Israel. AT: "For the people of Judah have profaned the holy place of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has married the daughter of a foreign god + +The people of Judah are again referred to as if they were one man named "Judah." AT: "have married women from other nations, women who worship idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May Yahweh cut off from the tents of Jacob the man who + +Destroying something is often spoken of as it were cutting it off from something else. AT: "May Yahweh destroy anyone in the tents of Jacob who" or "May Yahweh kill anyone in the community of Israel who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the tents of Jacob + +Here "tents of Jacob" stands for the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jacob + +Here "Jacob" stands for all the Israelites, because Jacob was one of the patriarchs from whom the Israelites were descended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the one who is awake and the one who answers + +This expression seems to mean "absolutely everyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/13.md b/mal/02/13.md index 2ceea6a4a1..2074a80336 100644 --- a/mal/02/13.md +++ b/mal/02/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] +Malachi continues to speak to his fellow Israelites. -## translationNotes +# You cover the altar of Yahweh with tears -* **with weeping and sighing** - Consider using only one term that covers the meaning of both. AT: "with great weeping" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **from your hand** - AT: "from you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This sarcastically exaggerates the amount of tears the people cry to show that Yahweh knows that the people do not really feel sad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# with weeping and sighing + +The words "weeping" and "sighing" share similar meanings and intensify the idea of weeping. AT: "with great weeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# does not turn toward the offering + +Here turning toward a gift stands for receiving it and showing favor to the giver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# does not turn toward the offering + +This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh's altar have offered sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from your hand + +Here "hand" stands for the person giving the offering. AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/14.md b/mal/02/14.md index 837d0e5c50..210411781d 100644 --- a/mal/02/14.md +++ b/mal/02/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Why does he not? -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The full thought is "Why does he not turn toward the offering or accept it with favor from our hand?" (See: [Malachi 2:13](./13.md)) Some translators may decide to provide this entire thought in their versions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# the wife of your youth -* **covers his garment with violence** - is very violent (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not be faithless.** - AT: "So be absolutely determined to be loyal to your wife!" +"the woman you married when you were young" + +# Yahweh was a witness between you and the wife of your youth + +This statement assumes that this woman is still living. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# a witness between you and the wife of your youth + +Here a witness to an agreement between two people is thought of as standing between them in order to testify about what they agreed to, in case a dispute arises between the two people. This sentence also was meant to remind the people that Yahweh would punish any Israelite who broke the covenant of marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Did he not make them one, with a portion of his spirit? + +This question may be expressed as a statement. AT: "He certainly made husband and wife one, with a portion of his spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# make them one + +This expression implies making husband and wife one flesh. AT: "make husband and wife one flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# an offspring from God + +Children who would honor and obey God. + +# she was your companion and your wife by covenant + +This statement implies that many of the Israelites had divorced their wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# by covenant + +"by the covenant of marriage that you agreed to" + +# I hate divorce + +Here "divorce" stands for the act of divorce, when a man sends away his wife, so as to end his marriage to her. AT: "I hate it when a man divorces his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the one who covers his garment with violence + +This phrase probably means any man who is violent toward his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not be faithless + +"So be careful to be loyal to your wife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/17.md b/mal/02/17.md index 8b7c812387..60f07321f1 100644 --- a/mal/02/17.md +++ b/mal/02/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You have wearied Yahweh -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh is spoken of as if human behavior could make him tired, but God cannot grow weary in a physical or emotional sense. This statement probably means that Yahweh has become offended or exasperated. AT: "You have offended Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# How have we wearied him? -* **"Where is the God of justice?"** - The priests are rebuking God. AT: "God certainly does not show justice against evil people!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This question is meant to deny that the people have done any wrong. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We have certainly not wearied him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# By saying + +The complete idea here is, "You have wearied him by saying." This is the prophet's answer to the rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the opinion" or "in the judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Where is the God of justice? + +The priests ask this question in order to claim either that Yahweh does not care whether people do evil or not, or that he never punishes evildoers. AT: "God certainly does not punish evil people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the God of justice + +the God who punishes evildoers justly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/intro.md b/mal/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..344c08e9d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mal/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Malachi 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Levites ##### +The priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Marital unfaithfulness ##### +Because the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person's unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Malachi 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/01.md b/mal/03/01.md index 1cf537a984..3e968a8d33 100644 --- a/mal/03/01.md +++ b/mal/03/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh begins speaking again to the people of Israel in verse 1, but the prophet Malachi begins speaking in verse 2. -## translationNotes +# See -* Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **See** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **But who can endure the day of his coming? And who will stand when he appears?** - AT: "Absolutely no one is going to be able to resist Yahweh. -* **For he is like a refiner’s fire, and like laundry soap.** - God is comparing his ability to rule the people and to cleanse them from sin to the power of a strong soap to clean clothes or the power of fire to melt an object. It is another way of saying that God's power to do this is unstoppable. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and he will purify the sons of Levi** - "and he will correct and cleanse the sons of Levi from sin" -* **He will refine them like gold and silver** - God will remove sin from the Levites to make them more pure. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]). -* **and they will bring offerings of righteousness to Yahweh** - "and they will bring acceptable offerings of worship to Yahweh." +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# he will prepare the way before me + +Here getting people ready to welcome Yahweh is spoken of as if a road were being cleared for Yahweh to travel on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then the Lord, whom you seek ... The messenger of the covenant in whom you delight + +Some modern versions translate so as to imply that these two expressions refer to the same person. Other modern versions leave this question ambiguous. We recommend that translations leave this matter ambiguous, as do the ULB and UDB. + +# The messenger of the covenant + +Almost all versions leave ambiguous the sense of this expression. But translators may need to make explicit the relationship between "messenger" and "the covenant." The UDB presents "the messenger" as one promised by the covenant that Yahweh had with Israel. Another choice is to present the messenger as a person who will either confirm that covenant or announce a new covenant. + +# But who will be able to endure the day of his coming? Who will be able to stand when he appears? + +These rhetorical questions imply that no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes. They can be combined into one statement. AT: "However, no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes to judge them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the day of his coming + +Here "day" stands for "time." AT: "the time when he comes" + +# be able to stand + +Here standing represents resisting someone's attack or accusations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For he will be like a refiner's fire and like laundry soap + +This sentence gives the reason why no one will be able to resist God when he comes. God's power to judge the people and to stop them from sinning is spoken of as if it were the power of strong soap to clean clothes, or the power of fire to melt an object. These are ways of saying that God's power to do these things cannot be stopped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he will purify the sons of Levi + +Forgiving the sons of Levi and persuading them not to sin any longer is spoken of as if it were purifying metal. AT: "he will correct the sons of Levi and forgive them for having sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sons of Levi + +Here "sons" refers to descendants. The male descendants of Levi were the priests and workers in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will sit + +Here sitting implies the action of a metalworker, who sits down in order to purify small amounts of gold or silver. It also implies the action of a king, who sits down to judge people and give decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He will refine them like gold and silver + +Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making gold and silver more pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]). + +# they will bring offerings of righteousness to Yahweh + +Here "of righteousness" means "motivated by righteous desires to worship God." AT: "they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/04.md b/mal/03/04.md index 96de048126..198fd5e8a3 100644 --- a/mal/03/04.md +++ b/mal/03/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Malachi continues speaking in verse 4, but Yahweh begins speaking again in verse 5. -## translationNotes +# the offering of Judah and Jerusalem -* Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **as in the days of old, and as in ancient years** - AT: "as it was in the past" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **draw near** - "come close" -* **oppress the hired worker in his wages** - "do not pay the hired worker the wages due him" -* **turn away the foreigner from his rights** - deny foreigners living in the community the rights that the local people have +Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" stand for the people in those places. AT: "the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as in the days of old, and as in ancient years + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the offering was once pleasing to Yahweh. AT: "as it was in the distant past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Then I will approach you for judgment + +Here "judgment" refers to the act of judging. AT: "Then I will approach you in order to judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# oppress the hired worker in his wages + +"cause the hired worker to suffer by not paying him for his work" + +# turn away the foreigner + +That is, turning away the foreigner from gaining his rights. Depriving people of their rights is spoken of as if it were physically turning them away from oneself. Perhaps the idea is turning away someone who comes for a wrong to be set right. AT: "deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/06.md b/mal/03/06.md index 572f978d62..982c7e8ce7 100644 --- a/mal/03/06.md +++ b/mal/03/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# have not come to an end -* Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my ordinances and have not kept them** - "You have disobeyed my commands ever since the days of your ancestors" -* **"How will we return?"** - "We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you." (See UDB) +"have not perished" + +# From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my ordinances and have not kept them + +Disobeying God's ordinances is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. AT: "You have disobeyed my ordinances ever since the days of your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Return to me, and I will return to you + +Here loving each other and being faithful to each other is spoken of as if it were returning to each other. AT: "Love me and honor me, and I will always help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How will we return? + +The people ask this question in order to claim that they have never stopped obeying God. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you." or "We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/08.md b/mal/03/08.md index cac55aac02..8c2ed26bd5 100644 --- a/mal/03/08.md +++ b/mal/03/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Would a person rob God? -* Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Will a man rob God?** - This is a rebuke. AT: "A man should certainly not rob God!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "A man should certainly not rob God." or "No one should ever rob me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How have we robbed you? + +This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. AT: "We have certainly not robbed you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# In tithes and offerings + +This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. AT: "You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You are cursed with a curse + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have certainly cursed you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are robbing me, the whole nation + +Here "nation" stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. AT: "all of you in the whole nation are robbing me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/10.md b/mal/03/10.md index d2de2670a2..2d1654195c 100644 --- a/mal/03/10.md +++ b/mal/03/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the full tithe -* Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **the full tithe** - "all the tithes" -* **my house** - "my temple" -* **And test me now in this...if I will not open to you the windows of heaven** - "If you test me...I will open up the windows of heaven" -* **rebuke the devourer** - control insects and disease +"all the tithes" + +# my house + +Here "house" stands for the temple. AT: "my temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and test me now in this ... if I do not open to you the windows of heaven + +Here the command "test me" stands for something that the people can do and should do: "if you test me." This can be divided into two sentences also. AT: "And if you test me ... I will open up the windows of heaven" or "And you should test me ... If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All the nations will call you blessed + +Here to be called blessed stands for being blessed. AT: "All the nations will know that you have been blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All the nations + +This expression stands for the people in all the nations. AT: "The people in all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a land of delight + +Here "delight" stands for the condition in which the inhabitants of a land take delight in their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/13.md b/mal/03/13.md index e3000bfc04..f22e5a9a42 100644 --- a/mal/03/13.md +++ b/mal/03/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +These verses begin a new section in the book. Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Your words against me have been strong -* Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -* **they tempt God and escape** - they try to make him angry, but he does not punish them" +Here "strong" stands for "harsh" or "terrible." And "Your words" stands for "What you have said." AT: "What you have said about me is terrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# What have we said among ourselves against you? + +The people ask this question in order to claim that they have said nothing against God. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We have not said anything among ourselves against you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What profit is it that we have kept his requirements or walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts? + +The people ask this question among themselves in order to make a statement. AT: "It is useless that we have kept his requirements and walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts + +Here "walk mournfully" stands for "behave in a sorrowful manner," probably in order to indicate sorrow over their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before Yahweh of hosts + +Here this expression refers to God being aware of what the people were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we call the arrogant blessed + +Here to be called "blessed" stands for being blessed. AT: "we say that the arrogant are blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we call the arrogant blessed + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "we say that the arrogant are well off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# escape + +That is, "they escape God's punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/16.md b/mal/03/16.md index ad0455b421..ea1a401462 100644 --- a/mal/03/16.md +++ b/mal/03/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +The event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins. -## translationNotes +# a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh -* **and a book of remembrance was written before him for those who feared Yahweh** - This can mean 1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and the names of people who fear Yahweh (see UDB) or 2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who fear Yahweh. -* **book of remembrance** - book to help people remember important things -* **esteemed his name** - respected him (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This can mean 1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or 2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him. + +# book of remembrance + +This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# honored his name + +Here "his name" stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/17.md b/mal/03/17.md index 60290506a1..a700985271 100644 --- a/mal/03/17.md +++ b/mal/03/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They will be mine -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"They will be my people" -## translationNotes +# my own treasured possession -* **They will be mine** - "They will be my people" -* **my own treasured possession** - "my own special treasure" -* **I act** - "I judge" -* **distinguish between** - see a difference between or treat differently +Here "possession" refers to one's personal property. This idea can be expressed with a verb. AT: "they will belong completely to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I act + +This expression refers to the time when Yahweh will judge and punish the rebellious Israelites, giving victory to the faithful Israelites. (See: [Malachi 4:1-3](../04/01.md)) + +# distinguish between + +"see a difference between" or "treat differently" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/intro.md b/mal/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c514ad227a --- /dev/null +++ b/mal/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Malachi 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +There are several prophecies in this chapter concerning the messiah and the one who comes before the messiah. At times, this chapter switches between prophesying about the first coming of the messiah and the second coming of the messiah without formal divisions between them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Several rhetorical questions are used in this chapter to convince the reader of the truth of what he is saying and of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Malachi 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/04/01.md b/mal/04/01.md index ef4a076c97..0603118185 100644 --- a/mal/04/01.md +++ b/mal/04/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# see -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# the day is coming, burning like a furnace -* **see** - AT: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **the day is coming, burning like a furnace** - "the day of judgment is coming, and I will punish evil people the way farmers burn chaff and straw" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **proud...evildoers** - Translate these as you did "arrogant" and "evildoers" in [[:en:bible:notes:mal:03:13]]. -* **become stubble** - "burn up like dry plants" -* **The day that is coming will burn them up** - "On that day I will burn them up" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **it will leave them neither root nor branch** - "nothing will be left" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings** - This can mean 1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day (see UDB) or 2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people's righteousness and heal them. -* **wings** - rays +The disaster occurring at this time is spoken of as if the day itself were burning. God's judgment is often spoken of as if it were a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# arrogant ... evildoers + +See how you translated these wordsd in [Malachi 3:15](../03/13.md). + +# all the arrogant and all the evildoers will become stubble + +These people are spoken of as if they will become dried-up plants fit only for being burned. It is common for the Bible to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. AT: "all the arrogant and all the evildoers will burn up like dry plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The day that is coming will burn them up + +Here "the day" stands for the events that will occur on that day. AT: "On that day I will burn them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it will leave them neither root nor branch + +This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. So being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. AT: "nothing will be left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you who fear my name + +Here "my name" stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings + +This can mean 1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or 2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people's righteousness and heal them. + +# healing in its wings + +Possible meanings are 1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or 2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wings + +It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are 1) the sun's life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or 2) the wings are said to cover God's people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall + +Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet + +Here the victory of God's people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will be ashes + +The Israelites' enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes. (See: [Malachi 4:01](./01.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/04/04.md b/mal/04/04.md index 430026fc37..f2391bb3a9 100644 --- a/mal/04/04.md +++ b/mal/04/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Remember the teaching of my servant Moses that I gave him -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The abstract noun "teaching" can be stated as "taught." AT: "Remember what I taught my servant Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Remember -* **Horeb** - another name for Sinai +Here "Remember" stands for "Think about" and, at the same time, "Obey." + +# Horeb + +This is another name for Sinai. + +# all Israel + +Here "all Israel" is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the statutes + +These are the laws that God gave Israel for all time. + +# the rulings + +These are legal decisions meant to make clear how the general statutes apply to everyday life. + +# the coming of the great and fearful day of Yahweh + +Here the occurrence of this day is spoken of as if it were coming. AT: "before the great and fearful day of Yahweh happens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the great and fearful day of Yahweh + +This expression refers to any time in which Yahweh acts decisively. + +# He will turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers + +Here changing how people think is spoken of as if it were turning their hearts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/04/intro.md b/mal/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..42a38a6555 --- /dev/null +++ b/mal/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Malachi 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Last days ##### +Although the Jews may have hoped these prophecies referenced a time in the near future to them, the prophecies of this chapter exclusively relate to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Malachi 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/front/intro.md b/mal/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..11854803d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/mal/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Introduction to Malachi # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +===Outline of Malachi=== + +1. The authority of the prophecy: The word of Yahweh (1:1) +1. The love of Yahweh for Israel, and his rejection of Esau (Edom) (1:2–5) +1. A message against the priests (1:6–2:9) +1. A message against Judah: they have broken faith, in divorce and intermarriage (2:10–16) +1. A message about the day of judgment (2:17–3:6) +1. A message about the tithe (3:7–12) +1. A message about those who were treated shamefully by others, but who were faithful to Yahweh (3:13–18) +1. Encouragement to remember that Yahweh will punish the wicked and that he will send Elijah before the "great and terrible day of Yahweh" (4:5–6) + +===What is the Book of Malachi about?=== + +The Book of Malachi is a collection of messages from God for the Jews who had returned from Babylon to Judah and Jerusalem. Although the Jews had by this time built a new temple, they were demoralized and in great need of encouragement. Many of them had also been unfaithful to God's law in various ways that Malachi criticized them for. However, Malachi also provided them with the promise that God would come and purify them so that they would worship him in sincerity and faithfulness. + +===How should the title of this book be translated?=== + +"The Book of Malachi" may also be called the "The Book about Malachi" or "The Sayings of Malachi." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Malachi? #### + +The prophet named Malachi brought these messages from Yahweh to the Jews. However, since "Malachi" means "my messenger," it is possible that this was a title for this prophet. If so, his real name is not known to us. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was meant by the day of Yahweh? #### + +The expression "the day of Yahweh" has various meanings in the Old Testament, but it always means a day or a time in which Yahweh acted in some manner. For Malachi, the day of the Yahweh meant the future time when Yahweh would judge his people and also rescue them from their own sins and from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/manifest.yaml b/manifest.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ef620b1720 --- /dev/null +++ b/manifest.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,428 @@ +checking: + checking_entity: + - Wycliffe Associates + checking_level: 3 +dublin_core: + conformsto: rc0.2 + contributor: + - Wycliffe Associates + creator: Wycliffe Associates + description: Notes to help translators of the Bible + format: text/markdown + identifier: tn + issued: '2017-06-07' + language: + direction: ltr + identifier: en + title: English + modified: '2017-06-19' + publisher: unfoldingWord + relation: + - en/ulb + - en/udb + rights: CC BY-SA 4.0 + source: + - identifier: tn + language: en + version: '2' + subject: Translator Notes + title: translationNotes + type: help + version: '6' +projects: +- categories: [] + identifier: 2th + path: ./2th + sort: 0 + title: 2 Thessalonians translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 1jn + path: ./1jn + sort: 0 + title: 1 John translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: sng + path: ./sng + sort: 0 + title: Song of Solomon translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: lev + path: ./lev + sort: 0 + title: Leviticus translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: ezk + path: ./ezk + sort: 0 + title: Ezekiel translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: gal + path: ./gal + sort: 0 + title: Galatians translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 1ti + path: ./1ti + sort: 0 + title: 1 Timothy translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 1ki + path: ./1ki + sort: 0 + title: 1 Kings translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 1pe + path: ./1pe + sort: 0 + title: 1 Peter translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: mat + path: ./mat + sort: 0 + title: Matthew translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: gen + path: ./gen + sort: 0 + title: Genesis translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: isa + path: ./isa + sort: 0 + title: Isaiah translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 3jn + path: ./3jn + sort: 0 + title: 3 John translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: psa + path: ./psa + sort: 0 + title: Psalms translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: hos + path: ./hos + sort: 0 + title: Hosea translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: rev + path: ./rev + sort: 0 + title: Revelation translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: phm + path: ./phm + sort: 0 + title: Philemon translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: est + path: ./est + sort: 0 + title: Esther translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: job + path: ./job + sort: 0 + title: Job translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: jol + path: ./jol + sort: 0 + title: Joel translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: jud + path: ./jud + sort: 0 + title: Jude translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: lam + path: ./lam + sort: 0 + title: Lamentations translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: col + path: ./col + sort: 0 + title: Colossians translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 2co + path: ./2co + sort: 0 + title: 2 Corinthians translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: jer + path: ./jer + sort: 0 + title: Jeremiah translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: dan + path: ./dan + sort: 0 + title: Daniel translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: num + path: ./num + sort: 0 + title: Numbers translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: mic + path: ./mic + sort: 0 + title: Micah translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 1sa + path: ./1sa + sort: 0 + title: 1 Samuel translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: php + path: ./php + sort: 0 + title: Philippians translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: hag + path: ./hag + sort: 0 + title: Haggai translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: jdg + path: ./jdg + sort: 0 + title: Judges translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: eph + path: ./eph + sort: 0 + title: Ephesians translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 2pe + path: ./2pe + sort: 0 + title: 2 Peter translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 1ch + path: ./1ch + sort: 0 + title: 1 Chronicles translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 2jn + path: ./2jn + sort: 0 + title: 2 John translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 2ch + path: ./2ch + sort: 0 + title: 2 Chronicles translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: zec + path: ./zec + sort: 0 + title: Zechariah translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: act + path: ./act + sort: 0 + title: Acts translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: heb + path: ./heb + sort: 0 + title: Hebrews translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: pro + path: ./pro + sort: 0 + title: Proverbs translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: ecc + path: ./ecc + sort: 0 + title: Ecclesiastes translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: jon + path: ./jon + sort: 0 + title: Jonah translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: ezr + path: ./ezr + sort: 0 + title: Esra translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: deu + path: ./deu + sort: 0 + title: Deuteronomy translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 2ki + path: ./2ki + sort: 0 + title: 2 Kings translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: exo + path: ./exo + sort: 0 + title: Exodus translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 2sa + path: ./2sa + sort: 0 + title: 2 Samuel translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: zep + path: ./zep + sort: 0 + title: Zephaniah translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 2ti + path: ./2ti + sort: 0 + title: 2 Timothy translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: luk + path: ./luk + sort: 0 + title: Luke translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: jos + path: ./jos + sort: 0 + title: Joshua translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: tit + path: ./tit + sort: 0 + title: Titus translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: nam + path: ./nam + sort: 0 + title: Nahum translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 1co + path: ./1co + sort: 0 + title: 1 Corinthians translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: rom + path: ./rom + sort: 0 + title: Romans translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: mrk + path: ./mrk + sort: 0 + title: Mark translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: jas + path: ./jas + sort: 0 + title: James translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: rut + path: ./rut + sort: 0 + title: Ruth translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: 1th + path: ./1th + sort: 0 + title: 1 Thessalonians translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: hab + path: ./hab + sort: 0 + title: Habakkuk translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: mal + path: ./mal + sort: 0 + title: Malachi translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: amo + path: ./amo + sort: 0 + title: Amos translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: jhn + path: ./jhn + sort: 0 + title: John translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: neh + path: ./neh + sort: 0 + title: Nehemiah translationNotes + versification: '' +- categories: [] + identifier: oba + path: ./oba + sort: 0 + title: Obadiah translationNotes + versification: '' diff --git a/mat/01/01.md b/mat/01/01.md index 1bafd93d0e..59fabfda06 100644 --- a/mat/01/01.md +++ b/mat/01/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:abraham|Abraham, Abram]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:isaac|Isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:tamar]] -* [[en:tw:tamar|Tamar]] +The author begins with Jesus' genealogy in order to show that he is a descendant of King David and of Abraham. The genealogy continues through [Matthew 1:17](./15.md). -## translationNotes +# The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ -* 17 list the ancestors of Jesus Christ. -* **the son of David, the son of Abraham** - Alternate translation: "a descendant of David, who was a descendant of Abraham." There were many generations between Abraham and his descendant David, and between David and his descendant Jesus. "Son of David" is used as a title in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:09:27]] and other places, but here it seems to be used only to identify Jesus' ancestry. -* **Abraham was the father of Isaac** - Alternate translation: "Abraham became the father of Isaac" or "Abraham had a son Isaac" or "Abraham had a son named Isaac." It may be more clear for your readers if you choose one way of saying this and use it throughout the rest of the list. -* **Tamar** - Languages that have masculine and feminine forms of names should use a feminine form for her name. +You could translate this as a complete sentence. AT: "This is the list of the ancestors of Jesus Christ." + +# son of David son of Abraham + +There were many generations between Jesus, David, and Abraham. Here "son" means "descendant." AT: "a descendant of David, who was a descendant of Abraham" + +# son of David + +Sometimes the phrase "son of David" is used as a title, but here it seems to be used only to identify Jesus' ancestry. + +# Abraham was the father of Isaac + +"Abraham became the father of Isaac" or "Abraham had a son Isaac" or "Abraham had a son named Isaac." There are different ways you could translate this. Whichever way you translate it here, it would be best to translate it the same way throughout the list of Jesus' ancestors. + +# Isaac the father ... Jacob the father + +Here the word "was" is understood. AT: "Isaac was the father ... Jacob was the father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Perez and Zerah ... Hezron ... Ram + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Perez the father ... Hezron the father + +Here the word "was" is understood. AT: "Perez was the father ... Hezron was the father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/04.md b/mat/01/04.md index a5605921c3..eb5a110fba 100644 --- a/mat/01/04.md +++ b/mat/01/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Amminadab the father ... Nahshon the father -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:rahab]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] +Here the word "was" is understood. AT: "Amminadab was the father ... Nahshon was the father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Salmon was the father of Boaz by Rahab -* 3]]. -* **Salmon was the father of Boaz by Rahab** - "Salmon was the father of Boaz, and Boaz's mother was Rahab" or "Salmon and Rahab were the parents of Boaz" -* **Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth** - "Boaz was the father of Obed, and Obed's mother was Ruth" or "Boaz and Ruth were the parents of Obed" -* **Rahab … Ruth** - Languages that have masculine and feminine forms of names should use feminine forms for their names. -* **David was the father of Solomon by the wife of Uriah** - "David was the father of Solomon, and Solomon's mother was Uriah's wife" or "David and the wife of Uriah were the parents of Solomon" -* **the wife of Uriah** - "the widow of Uriah" +"Salmon was the father of Boaz, and Boaz's mother was Rahab" or "Salmon and Rahab were the parents of Boaz" + +# Boaz the father ... Obed the father + +Here the word "was" is understood. AT: "Boaz was the father ... Obed was the father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth + +"Boaz was the father of Obed, and Obed's mother was Ruth" or "Boaz and Ruth were the parents of Obed" + +# David the father of Solomon by the wife of Uriah + +Here the word "was" is understood. "David was the father of Solomon, and Solomon's mother was Uriah's wife" or "David and the wife of Uriah were the parents of Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the wife of Uriah + +"the widow of Uriah." Solomon was born after Uriah died. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/07.md b/mat/01/07.md index e832757335..b0f505ae5d 100644 --- a/mat/01/07.md +++ b/mat/01/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Rehoboam the father of Abijah, Abijah the father of Asa -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] - -## translationNotes - -* 3]]. -* **Asa** - Sometimes his name is translated as "Asaph." -* **Joram the father of Uzziah** - Joram was actually Uzziah's grandfather's grandfather, so "father" can be translated as "ancestor" (UDB). +The word "was" is understood in both of these phrases. AT: "Rehoboam was the father of Abijah, and Abijah was the father of Asa" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/09.md b/mat/01/09.md index c97152ca4d..62114c5008 100644 --- a/mat/01/09.md +++ b/mat/01/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Amon -* [[en:tw:babylon]] +Sometimes this is translated "Amos." -## translationNotes +# Josiah was an ancestor of Jechoniah -* 3]]. -* **Amon** - Sometimes this is translated "Amos." -* **Josiah the father of Jechoniah** - Josiah was actually Jechoniah's grandfather (see UDB). -* **at the time of the deportation to Babylon** - "when they were forced to move to Babylon" or "when the Babylonians made them go live in Babylon." If your language needs to specify who went to Babylon, you could say "the Israelites" or "the Israelites who lived in Judah." +A more specific term for "ancestor" can also be used, particularly if the word "ancestor" would only be used for someone who lived before one's grandparents. AT: "Josiah was a grandfather of Jechoniah" + +# at the time of the deportation to Babylon + +"when they were forced to move to Babylon" or "when the Babylonians conquered them and made them go live in Babylon." If your language needs to specify who went to Babylon, you could say "the Israelites" or "the Israelites who lived in Judah." + +# Babylon + +Here this means the country of Babylon, not just the city of Babylon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/12.md b/mat/01/12.md index 50c0317f1a..09f8b50aab 100644 --- a/mat/01/12.md +++ b/mat/01/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# After the deportation to Babylon -* [[en:tw:babylon]] +Use the same wording you used in [Matthew 1:11](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# Shealtiel was an ancestor of Zerubbabel -* 3]]. -* **after the deportation** - Use the same wording you used in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:01:09]]. -* **Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel** - Shealtiel was actually Zerubbabel's grandfather (see UDB). +Shealtiel was Zerubbabel's grandfather. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/15.md b/mat/01/15.md index f2a67b4982..5e46be0594 100644 --- a/mat/01/15.md +++ b/mat/01/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] +The author concludes Jesus' genealogy, which began in [Matthew 1:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# Mary, by whom Jesus was born -* 3]]. -* **Mary, by whom Jesus was born ** - This could be translated in the active voice as "Mary, who gave birth to Jesus." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **deportation to Babylon** - Use the same wording you used in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:01:09]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Mary, who gave birth to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who is called Christ + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom people call Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fourteen + +"14" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# deportation to Babylon + +Use the same wording you used in [Matthew 1:11](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/18.md b/mat/01/18.md index 01fd5df1a6..16ce2540ff 100644 --- a/mat/01/18.md +++ b/mat/01/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +This begins a new part of the story in which the author describes the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. -## translationNotes +# His mother, Mary, was engaged to marry Joseph -* This begins an account of the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. If your language has a way to show a change of topics, you should use it here. -* **Mary was engaged to marry Joseph ** - "was promised to marry" (UDB) or "was committed to marry." Parents normally arranged the marriages of their children. -* **before they came together** - This euphemism means "before they had sexual relations." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **she was found to be pregnant** - "they realized that she was going to have a baby" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **by the Holy Spirit** - The Holy Spirit had enabled Mary to have a baby. +"His mother, Mary, was going to marry Joseph." Parents normally arranged the marriages of their children. AT: "The parents of Mary, the mother of Jesus, had promised her in marriage to Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# His mother, Mary, was engaged + +Translate in a way that makes it clear that Jesus was not already born when Mary was engaged to Joseph. AT: "Mary, who would be the mother of Jesus, was engaged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before they came together + +"before they got married." This may refer to Mary and Joseph sleeping together. AT: "before they had slept together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# she was found to be pregnant + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they realized that she was going to have a baby" or "it happened that she was pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the Holy Spirit + +The power of the Holy Spirit had enabled Mary to have a baby before she had slept with a man. + +# Her husband, Joseph + +Joseph had not married Mary yet, but when a man and woman promised to marry each other, Jews considered them husband and wife though they did not live together. AT: "Joseph, who was supposed to marry Mary" or "Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# end his engagement with her + +"cancel their plans to get married" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/20.md b/mat/01/20.md index f9121c518b..7f8ac541f0 100644 --- a/mat/01/20.md +++ b/mat/01/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# As he thought -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"As Joseph thought" -## translationNotes +# appeared to him in a dream -* This continues to tell about the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. -* **appeared** - an angel came suddenly to Joseph -* **son of David** - In this case, the expression "son of" means "descendant of." David was not Joseph's father, but David was Joseph's ancestor. -* **the one who is conceived in her is conceived by the Holy Spirit** - "the Holy Spirit conceived the baby with whom Mary is pregnant." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **She will give birth to a son** - Because God sent the angel, the angel knew the baby was a boy. -* **you will call his name** - This is a command: "call his name" or "give him the name" or "name him" -* **he will save his people** - "his people" refers to the Jews +"came to him while Joseph was dreaming" + +# son of David + +Here "son" means "descendant." + +# the one who is conceived in her is conceived by the Holy Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Holy Spirit caused Mary to become pregnant with this child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# She will give birth to a son + +Because God sent the angel, the angel knew the baby was a boy. + +# you will call his name + +"you must name him" or "you must give him the name." This is a command. + +# for he will save + +Translator may add a footnote that says "The name 'Jesus' means 'the Lord saves.'" + +# his people + +This refers to the Jews. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/22.md b/mat/01/22.md index 7fdd26e054..d979b4e8fa 100644 --- a/mat/01/22.md +++ b/mat/01/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] +The author quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' birth was according to scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# All this happened -* Matthew quotes a prophecy that the birth of Jesus would fulfill. -* **what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet** - This could be stated in the active voice as "what the Lord told the prophet Isaiah to write long ago." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Behold** - Alternative translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **the virgin will conceive and give birth to a son** - This verse is a direct quotation from [[:en:bible:notes:isa:07:13]]. +The angel is no longer speaking. Matthew is now explaining the importance of what the angel said. + +# what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the Lord told the prophet to write long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the prophet + +There were many prophets. Matthew was speaking of Isaiah. AT: "the prophet Isaiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Behold ... Immanuel + +Here Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah. + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. + +# Immanuel + +This is a male name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# which means, "God with us." + +This is not in the book of Isaiah. Matthew is explaining the meaning of the name "Immanuel." You could translate it as a separate sentence. AT: "This name means 'God with us.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/24.md b/mat/01/24.md index e3d23a90b3..beeef7314e 100644 --- a/mat/01/24.md +++ b/mat/01/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] +The author concludes his description of the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. -## translationNotes +# as the angel of the Lord commanded -* This section returns to the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. -* **commanded ** - The angel had told him to take Mary as his wife and to name him Jesus (verses 20-21 ). -* **did not sleep with her ** - "did not have sexual relations with her" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **And he called his name Jesus** - "Joseph named his son Jesus" +The angel had told Joseph to take Mary as his wife and to name the child Jesus. + +# he took her as his wife + +"he married Mary" + +# to a son + +"to a male baby" or "to her son." Make sure it is clear that Joseph is not portrayed as the actual father. + +# Then he called his name Jesus + +"Joseph named the child Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/intro.md b/mat/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6509083a3f --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Matthew 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:23, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Genealogy ##### + +A genealogy is a list which records a person's ancestors or descendants. Such lists were very important in determining who had the right to be king, because the king's authority was usually passed down or inherited from his father. It was also common for any important person to have a recorded genealogy. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Use of the passive voice ##### + +The passive voice is used very purposefully in this chapter to indicate that Jesus was not conceived through a sexual relationship. Here, the passive voice presents the Holy Spirit as the one who began Mary's conception of the baby Jesus. Because many languages do not have a passive voice, translators must find other ways to present the same truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 1:1](./01.md)__ +* __[Matthew intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/01.md b/mat/02/01.md index 61e162109a..08bb886cc7 100644 --- a/mat/02/01.md +++ b/mat/02/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:herodthegreat]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:learnedmen]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +A new part of the story begins here and continues through the end of the chapter. The writer tells about Herod's attempt to kill the new King of the Jews. -## translationNotes +# Bethlehem of Judea -* This chapter describes what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -* **Bethlehem of Judea ** - "the town of Bethlehem in the province of Judea" (UDB) -* **learned men ** - "men who studied the stars" (UDB) -* **Herod ** - This refers to Herod the Great. -* **Where is he who was born King of the Jews?** - The men knew that the one who would become king had been born. They were trying to learn where he was. "A baby who will become the king of the Jews has been born. Where is he?" -* **his star** - "the star that tells about him" or "the star that is associated with his birth." They were not saying that the baby was the rightful owner of the star. -* **worship** - Possible meanings for this word are 1) they intended to worship the baby as divine, or 2) they wanted to "honor" him as a human king. If your language has a word that includes both meanings, you should consider using it here. -* **he was troubled** - "He was worried" that someone else might be proclaimed king of the Jews to replace him. -* **all Jerusalem** - "Many of the people in Jerusalem" (UDB) were afraid of what King Herod might do. +"the town of Bethlehem in the province of Judea" + +# in the days of Herod the king + +"when Herod was king there" + +# Herod + +This refers to Herod the Great. + +# learned men + +"men who studied the stars" + +# from the east + +"from a country far east of Judea" + +# Where is he who was born King of the Jews? + +The men knew from studying the stars that the one who would become king had been born. They were trying to learn where he was. AT: "A baby who will become the king of the Jews has been born. Where is he?" + +# his star + +They were not saying that the baby was the rightful owner of the star. AT: "the star that tells about him" or "the star that is associated with his birth" + +# in the east + +"as it came up in the east" or "while we were in our country" + +# worship + +Possible meanings are 1) they intended to worship the baby as divine, or 2) they wanted to honor him as a human king. If your language has a word that includes both meanings, you should consider using it here. + +# he was troubled + +"he was worried." Herod was worried that this baby would replace him as king. + +# all Jerusalem + +Here "Jerusalem" refers to the people. Also, "all" means "many." Matthew is exaggerating to emphasize how many people were worried. AT: "many of the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/04.md b/mat/02/04.md index 27ecbc7d79..56e0ec632c 100644 --- a/mat/02/04.md +++ b/mat/02/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:herodthegreat]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +In verse 6, the chief priests and scribes of the people quote the prophet Micah to show that the Christ would be born in Bethlehem. -## translationNotes +# In Bethlehem of Judea -* This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -* **In Bethlehem of Judea** - Alternative translation: "in the town of Bethlehem of Judea." -* **this is what was written by the prophet** - This can be stated in active voice as "this is what the prophet wrote." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **written by the prophet ** - Alternative translation: "written by the prophet Micah." -* **you, Bethlehem, … are not the least among the leaders of Judah** - "You who live in Bethlehem, your town is certainly very important" (UDB) or "you, Bethlehem, … are one of the most important cities." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"In the town of Bethlehem in the province of Judea" + +# this is what was written by the prophet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this is what the prophet wrote long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you, Bethlehem, ... are not the least among the leaders of Judah + +Micah was speaking to the people of Bethlehem as if they were with him but they were not. Also, "are not the least" can be translated with a positive phrase. AT: "you, people of Bethlehem, ... your town is among the most important towns in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# who will shepherd my people Israel + +Micah speaks of this ruler as a shepherd. This means he will lead and care for the people. AT: "who will lead my people Israel as a shepherd leads his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/07.md b/mat/02/07.md index 8c7bb1baf9..ab4e597139 100644 --- a/mat/02/07.md +++ b/mat/02/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Herod secretly called the learned men -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:herodthegreat]] -* [[en:tw:learnedmen]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This means that Herod talked to the learned men without other people knowing. -## translationNotes +# to ask them exactly what time the star had appeared -* This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -* **Herod secretly called the learned men** - This means that Herod talked to the learned men without other people knowing. -* **young child ** - This refers to the baby Jesus. -* **worship** - Translate this with the same word that you used in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:01:01]]. +This can be translated as a direct quotation. AT: "and he asked them, 'When exactly did this star appear?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# what time the star had appeared + +It is implied that the learned men told him when the star appeared. AT: "what time the star had appeared. The learned men told Herod when the star first appeared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# young child + +This refers to Jesus. + +# bring me word + +Here "word" is a metonym for "message" or "new." AT: "let me know" or "tell me" or "report back to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# worship him + +See how you translated this in [Matthew 2:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/09.md b/mat/02/09.md index 9367d90abe..aea7b863b8 100644 --- a/mat/02/09.md +++ b/mat/02/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# After they -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +"After the learned men" -## translationNotes +# they had seen in the east -* This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -* **After they heard the king ** - "then" (UDB) or "after the learned men heard the king" -* **went before them** - Alternative translation: "guided them." -* **stood still over ** - Alternative translation: "stopped over." +"they had seen come up in the east" or "they had seen in their country" + +# went before them + +"guided them" or "led them" + +# stood still over + +"stopped over" + +# where the young child was + +"the place where the young child was staying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/11.md b/mat/02/11.md index 610b14bc96..52a3a85100 100644 --- a/mat/02/11.md +++ b/mat/02/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:herodthegreat]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Here the scene shifts to the house where Mary, Joseph, and the young Jesus were living. -## translationNotes +# They went -* This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -* **they** - refers to the learned men -* **worship** - Translate this with the same word that you used in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:01:01]]. +"The learned men went" + +# their treasures + +Here "treasures" refers to the boxes or bags they used to carry their treasures. AT: "the containers that held their treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God warned them + +"Afterwards, God warned the learned men." God knew that Herod wanted to harm the child. + +# not to return to Herod + +This can be translated as a direct quotation. AT: "saying, 'Do not go back to King Herod'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/13.md b/mat/02/13.md index 4e92cbe589..baafe75183 100644 --- a/mat/02/13.md +++ b/mat/02/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:herodthegreat]] -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +In verse 15, the writer quotes the prophet Hosea to show that the Christ would spend time in Egypt. -## translationNotes +# they had departed -* This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -* **they had departed** - "the learned men had departed" -* **Get up, take … flee …. Remain … you** - God is speaking to Joseph, so these should all be singular forms. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **until the death of Herod** - Herod does not die until [[:en:bible:notes:mat:02:19]]. This statement describes the length of the their stay in Egypt, and does not say that Herod died at this time. -* **Out of Egypt I have called my son** - This is a quotation from Hosea [[:en:bible:notes:hos:11:01]]. The wording of the Greek text in Matthew is somewhat different than the Hebrew text in Hosea. The emphasis is on "out of Egypt," not some other place: "It is out of Egypt that I have called my son." +"the learned men had departed" + +# appeared to Joseph in a dream + +"came to Joseph while he was dreaming" + +# Get up, take ... flee ... Remain ... you + +God is speaking to Joseph, so these should all be singular forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# until I tell you + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "until I tell you it is safe to come back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I tell you + +Here "I" refers to God. The angel is speaking for God. + +# He remained + +It is implied that Joseph, Mary, and Jesus remained in Egypt. AT: "They remained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# until the death of Herod + +Herod does not die until [Matthew 2:19](./19.md). This statement describes the length of their stay in Egypt, and it does not say that Herod died at this time. + +# Out of Egypt I have called my son + +"I have called my son out of Egypt" + +# my son + +In Hosea this refers to the people of Israel. Matthew quoted it to say that this was true of God's Son, Jesus. Translate it using a word for son that could refer to the only son or the first son. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/16.md b/mat/02/16.md index 9da4254abb..460231977a 100644 --- a/mat/02/16.md +++ b/mat/02/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:herodthegreat]] -* [[en:tw:learnedmen]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] +Here the scene shifts back to Herod and tells what he did when he learned that the learned men had deceived him. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -* **Then Herod** - This describes what Herod did after Joseph fled to Egypt with Mary and Jesus. Herod does not die until [[:en:bible:notes:mat:02:19]]. -* **he had been mocked** - "the learned men had embarrassed him by tricking him" (see UDB) -* **He sent and killed all the male children ** - Alternative translation: "He gave orders to kill all the boys" or "He sent soldiers there to kill all the boy babies." (UDB) +These events happen before Herod's death, which the writer mentioned in [Matthew 2:15](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# he had been mocked by the learned men + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the learned men had embarrassed him by tricking him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He sent and killed all the male children + +Herod did not kill the children himself. AT: "He gave orders for his soldiers to kill all the boys" or "He sent soldiers there to kill all the boy babies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# two years old and under + +"2 years old and younger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# according to the time + +"based on the time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/17.md b/mat/02/17.md index 3394ab1a18..50108afd83 100644 --- a/mat/02/17.md +++ b/mat/02/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rachel]] -* [[en:tw:ramah]] +The writer quotes the prophet Jeremiah to show that the death of all of the male children in the region of Bethlehem was according to scripture. -## translationNotes +# Then was fulfilled -* This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -* Verse 18 is a quotation from Jeremiah [[en:bible:notes:jer:31:15]]. The wording of the Greek text in Matthew is slightly different than the Hebrew text in Jeremiah. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This fulfilled" or "Herod's actions fulfilled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what had been spoken through Jeremiah the prophet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the Lord spoke long ago through the prophet Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A voice was heard ... they were no more + +Matthew is quoting the prophet Jeremiah. + +# A voice was heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People heard a voice" or "There was a loud sound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Rachel weeping for her children + +Rachel lived many years before this time. This prophecy shows Rachel, who has died, weeping for her descendants. + +# she refused to be comforted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one could comfort her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because they were no more + +"because the children were gone and would never return." Here "were no more" is a mild way of saying they are dead. AT: "because they were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/19.md b/mat/02/19.md index c89da12546..d6b43dc9d9 100644 --- a/mat/02/19.md +++ b/mat/02/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:herodthegreat]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Here the scene shifts to Egypt, where Joseph, Mary, and the young Jesus are living. -## translationNotes +# behold -* This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -* **behold** - This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **who sought the child's life ** - "who were looking for the child in order to kill him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# those who sought the child's life + +Here "sought the child's life" is a way of saying they wanted to kill the child. "AT: "those who were looking for the child in order to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# those who sought + +This refers to King Herod and his advisors. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/22.md b/mat/02/22.md index 9da035ead2..139215bd0f 100644 --- a/mat/02/22.md +++ b/mat/02/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:herodthegreat]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 2:1](./01.md) about Herod's attempt to kill the new King of the Jews. -## translationNotes +# But when he heard -* This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -* **But when he heard ** - "But when Joseph heard" -* **his father Herod ** - This is Archelaus' father. -* **he was afraid to go there ** - The "he" refers to Joseph. -* **he would be called a Nazarene ** - The "he" refers to Jesus. +"But when Joseph heard" + +# Archelaus + +This is the name of Herod's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he was afraid + +"Joseph was afraid" + +# what had been spoken through the prophets + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the Lord spoke long ago through the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he would be called a Nazarene + +Here "he" refers to Jesus. The prophets before the time of Jesus would have referred to him as the Messiah or the Christ. AT: "people would say that the Christ is a Nazarene" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/intro.md b/mat/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..16411cf4b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Matthew 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of verses 6 and 18, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "His star" ##### + +This is probably a reference to a star that the learned men believed to be the sign of a new king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Learned men" ##### + +English translations use many different words to translate this phrase. These terms include "magi" and "wise men." These men could have been scientists or astrologers. It is best to translate this with the generic term, "learned men," if possible. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/01.md b/mat/03/01.md index ecd60f5ede..9b15869d4a 100644 --- a/mat/03/01.md +++ b/mat/03/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story where the writer tells of the ministry of John the Baptist. In verse 3, the writer quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that John the Baptist was God's appointed messenger to prepare for Jesus' ministry. -## translationNotes +# In those days -* This section takes place many years later when John the Baptist was an adult and began to preach. -* **For this is he who ** - The pronoun "he" refers to John the Baptist. -* **For this is he who was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet, saying ** - Alternative translation: "For Isaiah the prophet was speaking of John the Baptist when he said." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Make ready the way of the Lord, make his paths straight ** - This is a metaphor for the message of John the Baptist which calls for the people to prepare to repent. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) Alternative translation: "Get ready to change the way you live so your life will be pleasing to God." +This is many years after Joseph and his family left Egypt and went to Nazareth. This is probably near the time that Jesus begins his ministry. AT: "Some time later" or "Some years later" + +# Repent + +This is plural in form. John is speaking to the crowds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the kingdom of heaven is near + +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use the word "heaven" in your translation. AT: "our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For this is he who was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet, saying + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Isaiah the prophet was speaking of John the Baptist when he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The voice of one calling out in the wilderness + +This can be expressed as a sentence. AT: "The voice of one calling out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone calling out in the wilderness" + +# Make ready the way of the Lord ... make his paths straight + +These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Make ready the way of the Lord + +"Get the road ready for the Lord." Doing this represents being prepared to hear the Lord's message when he comes. People do this by repenting of their sins. AT: "Prepare to hear the Lord's message when he comes" or "Repent and be ready for the Lord to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/04.md b/mat/03/04.md index a6d83d7836..d22efe57c3 100644 --- a/mat/03/04.md +++ b/mat/03/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now ... wild honey -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew tells background information about John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# wore clothing of camel's hair and a leather belt around his waist -* John the Baptist continues to preach. -* **They were baptized by him ** - "John baptized them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They** - The people coming from Jerusalem, Judea, and the region around the Jordan River. +This clothing symbolizes that John is a prophet like the prophets from long ago, especially the prophet Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then Jerusalem, all Judea, and all the region + +The words "Jerusalem," "Judea," and "the region" are metonyms for the people from those areas. The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many people went out. AT: Then very may people from Jerusalem, Judea, and that region" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# They were baptized by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "John baptized them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They + +This refers to the people coming from Jerusalem, Judea, and the region around the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/07.md b/mat/03/07.md index 5f718b9d35..8eb40fe88b 100644 --- a/mat/03/07.md +++ b/mat/03/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +John the Baptist begins to rebuke the Pharisees and Sadducees. -## translationNotes +# You offspring of poisonous snakes, who -* John the Baptist continues to preach. -* **You offspring of poisonous snakes** - This is a metaphor. Poisonous snakes are dangerous and represent evil. Alternative translation: “You evil poisonous snakes!” or “You are evil like poisonous snakes.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who warned you to flee from the wrath that is coming** - With this rhetorical question John was rebuking the people because they were asking him to baptize them so that God would not punish them, but they did not want to stop sinning. "You can't flee from God's wrath like this” or “Do not think that you can flee from God's wrath just by being baptized” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **from the wrath that is coming** - Alternative translation: “from the punishment that is coming” or “from God's wrath that he is about to act on” or “because God is about to punish you.” The word “wrath” is being used to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **We have Abraham for our father** - "Abraham is our ancestor" or "We are descendants of Abraham" -* **God is able to raise up children for Abraham even out of these stones** - "God could make physical descendants out of even these stones and give them to Abraham" +This is a metaphor. Here "offspring" means "having the characteristic of." Poisonous snakes are dangerous and represent evil. This can be stated as a separate sentence. AT: "You evil poisonous snakes! Who" or "You are evil like poisonous snakes! Who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who warned you to flee from the wrath that is coming? + +John uses a question to rebuke the Pharisees and Sadducees because they were asking him to baptize them so that God would not punish them, but they did not want to stop sinning. AT: "you cannot flee from God's wrath like this." or "do not think that you can flee from God's wrath just because I baptize you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# flee from the wrath that is coming + +The word "wrath" is being used to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. AT: "run away from the punishment that is coming" or "escape because God is about to punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bear fruit worthy of repentance + +The phrase "bear fruit" is a metaphor referring to a person's actions. AT: "Let your actions show that you have truly repented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We have Abraham for our father + +"Abraham is our ancestor" or "We are descendants of Abraham." The Jewish leaders thought that God would not punish them since they are descendants of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what John is about to say. + +# God is able to raise up children for Abraham even out of these stones + +"God could make physical descendants out of even these stones and give them to Abraham" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/10.md b/mat/03/10.md index 6180ae4467..a92b48ef71 100644 --- a/mat/03/10.md +++ b/mat/03/10.md @@ -1,26 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] +John the Baptist continues to rebuke the Pharisees and Sadducees. -## translationNotes +# Already the ax has been placed against the root of the trees. So every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down and thrown into the fire -* John the Baptist continues to preach. -* **Already the ax has been placed against the root of the trees. So every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down and thrown into the fire. ** - This is a metaphor meaning "God is ready to punish you if you do not turn away from your sinful behavior in the same way that a man who sets the head of his ax at the foot of a tree is ready to cut it down." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I baptize you** - John is baptizing repentant people. -* **But he who comes after me** - Jesus is the person who comes after John. -* **He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire** - This is a metaphor meaning "God will put his Holy Spirit within you and take you through fire to judge and cleanse those who would enter the Kingdom of God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He will baptize you** - Jesus will baptize you. -* **His winnowing fork is in his hand to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor** - This metaphor compares the way Christ will separate the righteous people from the unrighteous people to the way a man separates wheat grain from chaff. It can be translated as a simile to make the connection clearer: “Christ is like a man whose winnowing fork is in his hand.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **His winnowing fork is in his hand** - Alternative translation: “Christ is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready.” -* **winnowing fork** - This is a tool for tossing wheat up into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar in shape to a pitchfork but with wide tines made of wood. -* **his threshing floor** - This is a place where people separate the grain from the chaff. Alternative translations: “his ground” or “the ground where he separates the grain from the chaff.” -* **gather his wheat into the storehouse…burn up the chaff with fire that can never be put out ** - This is a metaphor showing how God will separate righteous people from evil people. The righteous will go to heaven like wheat into a farmer's storehouse, and God will burn the people who are like chaff with a fire that will never be put out. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This metaphor means God is ready to punish sinners. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has his axe and he is ready to cut down and burn any tree that grows bad fruit" or "As a person gets his axe ready to cut down and burn a tree that grows bad fruit, God is ready to punish you for your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for repentance + +"to show that you have repented" + +# But he who comes after me + +Jesus is the person who comes after John. + +# is mightier than I + +"is more important than I am" + +# He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire + +This metaphor compares John's baptism with water to the future baptism with fire. This means John's baptism only symbolically cleanses people of their sins. The baptism by Holy Spirit and fire will truly cleanse people of their sins. If possible, use the word "baptize" in your translation to keep the comparison to John's baptism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His winnowing fork is in his hand to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor + +This metaphor compares the way Christ will separate the righteous people from the unrighteous people to the way a man separates wheat grain from chaff. AT: "Christ is like a man whose winnowing fork is in his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His winnowing fork is in his hand + +Here "in his hand" means the person is ready to act. AT: "Christ is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# winnowing fork + +This is a tool for tossing wheat up into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar in shape to a pitchfork but with wide tines made of wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor + +Christ is like a man with a winnowing fork who is ready to clear off his threshing floor. + +# his threshing floor + +"his ground" or "the ground where he separates the grain from the chaff" + +# gather his wheat into the storehouse ... burn up the chaff with fire that can never be put + +This is a metaphor showing how God will separate righteous people from evil people. The righteous will go to heaven like wheat into a farmer's storehouse, and God will burn the people who are like chaff with a fire that will never be put out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# can never be put out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will never burn out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/13.md b/mat/03/13.md index 3120f13c4a..96049a4bf1 100644 --- a/mat/03/13.md +++ b/mat/03/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Here the scene shifts to a later time when John the Baptist baptizes Jesus. -## translationNotes +# to be baptized by John -* This begins the account of how Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist. -* **I need to be baptized by you ** - "I" refers to John the Baptist and "you" refers to Jesus Christ. -* **do you come to me?** - This is a rhetorical question. Alternative translation: "Since you are not a sinner, you should not come to me and have me baptize you." Note that "you" refers to Jesus Christ and "me" refers to John the Baptist. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so John could baptize him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I need to be baptized by you, and do you come to me? + +John uses a question to show his surprise at Jesus' request. AT: "You are more important than I am. I should not baptize you. You should baptize me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# for us + +Here "us" refers to Jesus and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/16.md b/mat/03/16.md index 6ab0faeb1e..a91e8df381 100644 --- a/mat/03/16.md +++ b/mat/03/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This is the end of the part of the story about John the Baptist and describes what happened after he baptized Jesus. -## translationNotes +# After he was baptized -* This continues the account of how Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist. -* **After he was baptized ** - This could be translated by saying: "After John baptized Jesus." -* **the heavens were opened to him** - Alternative translation: "he saw the sky open" or "he saw the heavens open." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **coming down like a dove ** - This can 1) be a plain statement that the Spirit was in the form of a dove (see UDB) or 2) be a simile that compares the Spirit coming down upon Jesus gently, the way a dove would. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Behold** - This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After John baptized Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# the heavens were opened to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus saw the sky open" or "God opened the heavens to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# coming down like a dove + +Possible meanings are 1) this is simply a statement that the Spirit was in the form of a dove or 2) this is a simile that compares the Spirit coming down upon Jesus gently, the way a dove would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a voice came out of the heavens saying + +"Jesus heard a voice from heaven." Here "voice" refers to God speaking. AT: "God spoke from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/intro.md b/mat/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9c2be823b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Matthew 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of verse 3, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Bear fruit worthy of repentance" ##### + +Fruit is a common image in the scriptures. It is used to describe the results of either good or bad behavior. In this chapter, good fruit is the result of living as God commands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The kingdom of heaven is near" ##### + +Scholars debate whether the "kingdom of heaven" was present at this time or still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty in translating. Other versions use the phrases "is coming near" and "has come near." + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/01.md b/mat/04/01.md index 03f12d2a16..1ec3a15d67 100644 --- a/mat/04/01.md +++ b/mat/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Here the writer begins a new part of the story in which Jesus spends 40 days in the wilderness, where Satan tempts him. In verse 4, Jesus rebukes Satan with a quotation from Deuteronomy. -## translationNotes +# Jesus was led up by the Spirit -* This section describes how Satan tempted Jesus. -* **the devil. ... The tempter** - These refer to the same being. You may have to use the same word to translate both. -* **he had fasted ... he was hungry** - These refer to Jesus. -* **If you are the Son of God, command** - This can be 1) a temptation to do miracles for his own benefit, "You are the Son of God, so you can command" or 2) a challenge or accusation, "Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding" (see UDB). It is probably best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. -* **command these stones to become bread** - "say to these stones, 'Become bread!'" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Spirit led Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be tempted by the devil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so the devil could tempt Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the devil ... The tempter + +These refer to the same being. You may have to use the same word to translate both. + +# he had fasted ... he was hungry + +These refer to Jesus. + +# forty days and forty nights + +"40 days and 40 nights." This refers to 24-hour periods. AT: "40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# If you are the Son of God, command + +It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do miracles for Jesus' own benefit. AT: "You are the Son of God, so you can command" or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. AT: "Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding" + +# the Son of God + +This is an important title that describes the relationship between the Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# command these stones to become bread + +You could translate this with a direct quotation. AT: "say to these stones, 'Become bread!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# bread + +Here "food" refers to food in general. AT: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# It is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses wrote this in the scriptures long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Man shall not live on bread alone + +This implies that there is something more important to life than food. + +# but by every word that comes out of the mouth of God + +Here "word" and "mouth" refer to what God says. AT: "but by listening to everything that God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/05.md b/mat/04/05.md index b44c0c29e9..8de3f8bea6 100644 --- a/mat/04/05.md +++ b/mat/04/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:holycity]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +In verse 6, Satan quotes from the Psalms in order to tempt Jesus. -## translationNotes +# If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down -* This continues the account of how Satan tempted Jesus. -* **If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down** - This could be 1) a temptation to do a miracle for his own benefit, "Since you are truly the Son of God, you can throw yourself down" or 2) a challenge or accusation, "Prove that you are truly the Son of God by throwing yourself down" (see UDB). It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. -* **down** - to the ground -* **He will command …** - "God will command his angels to take care of you" or "God will say to his angels, 'Take care of him.'" +It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do a miracle for Jesus' own benefit. AT: "Since you are truly the Son of God, you can throw yourself down" or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. AT: "Prove that you are truly the Son of God by throwing yourself down" + +# Son of God + +This is an important title that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# throw yourself down + +"let yourself fall to the ground" or "jump down" + +# for it is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the writer wrote in the scriptures" or "for it says in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will command his angels to take care of you + +"God will command his angels to take care of you." This can be translated with a direct quotation. AT: "God will say to his angels, 'Take care of him'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# They will lift you up + +"The angels will hold you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/07.md b/mat/04/07.md index 02829d69de..7011af63e4 100644 --- a/mat/04/07.md +++ b/mat/04/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +In verse 7, Jesus rebukes Satan with another quotation from Deuteronomy. -## translationNotes +# Again it is written -* This continues the account of how Satan tempted Jesus. -* **Again it is written ** - This could be translated "Again, I will tell you something that is in the Scriptures." -* **He said to him ** - "The devil said to Jesus" -* **All these things I will give you ** - "I will give you all these things." The tempter is emphasizing that he will give "all these things," not just some of them. +It is understood that Jesus is quoting scripture again. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Again, I will tell you what Moses wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# You must not test + +Here "you" refers to anyone. AT: "One should not test" or "No person should test" + +# Again, the devil + +"Next, the devil" + +# He said to him + +"The devil said to Jesus" + +# All these things I will give you + +"I will give you all these things." The tempter is emphasizing here that he will give "all these things," not just some of them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/10.md b/mat/04/10.md index 8d426da5d6..9837538e72 100644 --- a/mat/04/10.md +++ b/mat/04/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This is the end of the part of the story about how Satan tempted Jesus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This continues the account of how Satan tempted Jesus. -* This is the third time that Jesus rebukes Satan with scripture. -* **the devil** - Matthew used a different title, which also refers to "Satan." -* **behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the important new information that follows. +In verse 10, Jesus rebukes Satan with another quotation from Deuteronomy. + +# For it is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Moses also wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will worship ... you will serve + +Both instances of "you" are singular, a command to everyone who hears it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the important new information that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/12.md b/mat/04/12.md index 8deebcc2eb..8a60b52a57 100644 --- a/mat/04/12.md +++ b/mat/04/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story in which the writer describes the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. These verses explain how Jesus came to be in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* This section describes the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. -* **John had been arrested** - "The king had imprisoned John." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# John had been arrested + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the king had arrested John" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the territories of Zebulun and Naphtali + +These are the names of the tribes that lived in these areas before foreigners took control of the land of Israel many years earlier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/14.md b/mat/04/14.md index 9523a12ba1..4bee0da203 100644 --- a/mat/04/14.md +++ b/mat/04/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +In verses 15 and 16, the writer quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' ministry in Galilee was a fulfillment of prophecy. -## translationNotes +# This happened -* This continues the account of the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. +This refers to Jesus going to live in Capernaum. + +# what was said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali ... Galilee of the Gentiles! + +All of these territories describe the same area. This can be translated as a complete sentence. AT: "In the territory of Zebulun and Naphtali ... in the territory of Galilee live many Gentiles!" + +# toward the sea + +This is the Sea of Galilee. + +# The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light + +Here "darkness" refers to moral darkness or sin, which separates people from God. And, "light" refers to God's true message that saves people from their sin. This is the image of people who were without hope now having hope coming from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to those who sat in the region and shadow of death, upon them has a light arisen + +This basically has the same meaning as the first part of the sentence. Here "region and shadow of death" refers to spiritual death or a separation from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/17.md b/mat/04/17.md index ca248a57cf..d099bc562c 100644 --- a/mat/04/17.md +++ b/mat/04/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the account of the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. -* **the kingdom of heaven has drawn near** - You should translate this the same way you translated the same idea in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:03:01]]. +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use the word "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/18.md b/mat/04/18.md index e81afbbc24..c40ae07d13 100644 --- a/mat/04/18.md +++ b/mat/04/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:andrew]] -* [[en:tw:fisherman]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] +This begins a new scene within the part of the story about Jesus' ministry in Galilee. Here he begins to gather men to be his disciples. -## translationNotes +# casting a net into the sea -* This continues the account of the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. -* **casting a net** - "throwing a net" -* **Come after me,** - Jesus invites Simon and Andrew to follow him, live with him, and become his disciples. Alternative translation: "Be my disciples." -* **I will make you fishers of men.** - Alternative translation: "I will teach you to gather men to God like you used to gather fish." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "throwing a net into the water to catch fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Come, follow me + +Jesus invites Simon and Andrew to follow him, live with him, and become his disciples. AT: "Be my disciples" + +# I will make you fishers of men + +This metaphor means Simon and Andrew will teach people God's true message, so others will also follow Jesus. AT: "I will teach you to gather men to me like you used to gather fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/21.md b/mat/04/21.md index e384a578a4..4a543da7ea 100644 --- a/mat/04/21.md +++ b/mat/04/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:zebedee]] +Jesus calls more men to be his disciples. -## translationNotes +# He called them -* This continues the account of the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. -* **they were mending their nets ** - "They" might include the two brothers and Zebedee, or just the two brothers. -* **He called them,** - "Jesus called John and James." This phrase also means that Jesus invited them to follow him, live with him, and become his disciples. -* **immediately ** - "at that moment" -* **left the boat … and followed him** - It should be clear that this is a life change. These men are no longer going to be fishermen and are leaving the family business to follow Jesus for the rest of their lives. +"Jesus called John and James." This phrase also means that Jesus invited them to follow him, live with him, and become his disciples. + +# immediately + +"at that moment" + +# left the boat ... and followed him + +It should be clear that this is a life change. These men are no longer going to be fishermen and are leaving the family business to follow Jesus for the rest of their lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/23.md b/mat/04/23.md index 7e98e87c09..0d8bbf670e 100644 --- a/mat/04/23.md +++ b/mat/04/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demonpossessed]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:syria]] +This is the end of the part of the story about the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. These verses summarize what he did and how the people responded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# teaching in their synagogues -* This continues the account of the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. -* **all kinds of disease and all kinds of sickness ** - "every disease and every sickness." The words "disease" and "sickness" are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. "Disease" is what causes a person to be sick. "Sickness" is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease. -* **the Decapolis** - "the Ten Towns" (see UDB), a region to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee +"teaching in the synagogues of the Galileans" or "teaching in the synagogues of those people" + +# preaching the gospel of the kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's reign as king. AT: "preaching the good news about how God will show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# every kind of disease and sickness + +The words "disease" and "sickness" are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. "Disease" is what causes a person to be sick. + +# sickness + +is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease. + +# those possessed by demons + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the demon-possessed" or "those whom demons control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the epileptic + +"those who sometimes had seizures" or "those who sometimes became unconscious and moved uncontrollably" + +# paralytic + +"those who could not walk" + +# the Decapolis + +This name means "the Ten Towns." This is the name of a region to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/intro.md b/mat/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67e8a5eeba --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Matthew 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of verses 6, 10, 15 and 16, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The kingdom of heaven is near" ##### + +Scholars debate whether the "kingdom of heaven" was present at this time or still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty in translating. Other versions use the phase "is coming near" and "has come near." + +##### "If you are the Son of God" ##### + +In English, the reader can understand this statement in 4:6 as indicating that Satan does not know whether Jesus is the Son of God. Because Satan probably knows that Jesus is the Son of God, it should not be translated in this way. It can be translated as "because you are the Son of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/01.md b/mat/05/01.md index e29bc11174..06a5d7c632 100644 --- a/mat/05/01.md +++ b/mat/05/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story in which Jesus begins to teach his disciples. This part continues through the end of chapter 7 and is frequently called the Sermon on the Mount. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* 7 are a single event. Jesus went up on a hill and taught his disciples. -* **He opened his mouth** - "Jesus began to speak." -* **taught them** - The word "them" refers to his disciples. -* **the poor in spirit ** - "those who know they need God" -* **those who mourn** - These people are sad because of 1) the sinfulness of the world or 2) their own sins or 3) the death of someone. Do not specify the reason for mourning unless your language requires it. -* **they will be comforted** - Alternate translation: "God will comfort them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +In verse 3, Jesus begins to describe the characteristics of people who are blessed. + +# He opened his mouth + +This is an idiom. AT: "Jesus began to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# taught them + +The word "them" refers to his disciples. + +# the poor in spirit + +This means someone who is humble. AT: "those who know they need God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for theirs is the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "for God in heaven will be their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who mourn + +Possible reasons they are sad are 1) the sinfulness of the world or 2) their own sins or 3) the death of someone. Do not specify the reason for mourning unless your language requires it. + +# they will be comforted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will comfort them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/05.md b/mat/05/05.md index b875455ac1..8e7a11eb6b 100644 --- a/mat/05/05.md +++ b/mat/05/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the meek -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:meek]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"the gentle" or "those who do not rely on their own power" -## translationNotes +# they will inherit the earth -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **hunger and thirst for righteousness** - "desire to live right as much as they desire food and drink" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they will be filled** - "God will fill them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the pure in heart** - "people whose hearts are pure" -* **they will see God** - "they will be allowed to live with God" or "God will allow them to live with him" +"God will give them the entire earth" + +# hunger and thirst for righteousness + +This metaphor means a person should strongly desire to do what is right. AT: "desire to live right as much as they desire food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will be filled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will fill them" or "God will satisfy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the pure in heart + +"people whose hearts are pure." Here "heart" refers to a person's desire. AT: "those who only want to serve God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will see God + +Here "see" means they will be able to live in God's presence. AT: "God will allow them to live with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/09.md b/mat/05/09.md index 00f2837f66..591fca1738 100644 --- a/mat/05/09.md +++ b/mat/05/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the peacemakers -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are the people who help others to have peace with one another. -## translationNotes +# for they will be called sons of God -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **the peacemakers** - These are the people who help others to have peace with one another. -* **sons of God** - These are God's own children. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **those who have been persecuted** - Alternative translation: "those people whom others treat unfairly." -* **for righteousness' sake** - "because they do what God wants them to do" -* **theirs is the kingdom of heaven** - "God allows them to live in the kingdom of heaven." They do not own the kingdom of heaven; rather, God gives them the right to live in his presence. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for God will call them his children" or "they will be children of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sons of God + +It is best to translate "sons" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human son or child. + +# those who have been persecuted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those people whom others treat unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for righteousness' sake + +"because they do what God wants them to do" + +# theirs is the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:3](./01.md). AT: "for God in heaven will be their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/11.md b/mat/05/11.md index 1281734a88..47d213795e 100644 --- a/mat/05/11.md +++ b/mat/05/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +Jesus finishes describing the characteristics of people who are blessed. -## translationNotes +# Blessed are you -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **against you falsely for my sake** - "when it is not true about you but because you follow me" or "without your doing anything to deserve it except believing in me" -* **Rejoice and be very glad** - "Rejoice" and "be very glad" mean almost the same thing. Jesus wanted his hearers not merely to rejoice but to do even more than rejoice if possible. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# say all kinds of evil things against you falsely + +"say all kinds of evil lies about you" or "say bad things about you that are not true" + +# for my sake + +"because you follow me" or because you believe in me" + +# Rejoice and be very glad + +"Rejoice" and "be very glad" mean almost the same thing. Jesus wanted his hearers not merely to rejoice but to do even more than rejoice if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/13.md b/mat/05/13.md index b2b1099601..db08a6c8d4 100644 --- a/mat/05/13.md +++ b/mat/05/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:light]] +Jesus begins to teach about how his disciples are like salt and light. -## translationNotes +# You are the salt of the earth -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **You are the salt of the earth** - "You are like salt for the people of the world" or "As salt is for food, you are for the world." This can mean 1) "Just as salt makes food good, you must influence the people of the world so that they will be good" or 2) "Just as salt preserves food, so you will keep people from becoming totally corrupt." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **if the salt has lost its taste** - This can mean 1) "if the salt has lost its power to do things that salt does" (as in UDB) or 2) "if the salt has lost its flavor." -* **how can it be made salty again?** - "How can it be made useful again?" or "There is no way for it to become useful again." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **except to be thrown out and trampled under by people's feet** - "The only thing it is good for is to be thrown out on the road where people walk" -* **You are the light of the world** - "You are like light for the people of the world" -* **A city set on a hill cannot be concealed** - "The lights of a city on a hill cannot be hidden at night" or "Everyone sees the lights of a city on a hill" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) just as salt makes food good, a disciple of Jesus must influence the people of the world so that they will be good. AT: "You are like salt for the people of the world" or 2) just as salt preserves food, a disciple of Jesus must keep people from becoming totally corrupt. AT: "As salt is for food, you are for the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# if the salt has lost its taste + +Possible meanings are 1) "if the salt has lost its power to do things that salt does" or 2) "if the salt has lost its flavor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how can it be made salty again? + +"how can it be made useful again?" Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. AT: "there is no way for it to become useful again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# except to be thrown out and trampled under people's feet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "except for people to throw it out into the road and walk on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You are the light of the world + +This means Jesus' followers bring the message of God's truth to all the people who do not know God. AT: "You are like a light for the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# A city set on a hill cannot be hidden + +At night when it is dark, people can see the city lights shining. This can be stated in active form. AT: "During the night, no one can hide the lights that shine from a city on a hill" or "Everyone sees the lights of a city on a hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/15.md b/mat/05/15.md index 302e9f7f3f..2104256951 100644 --- a/mat/05/15.md +++ b/mat/05/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Neither do people light a lamp -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"People do not light a lamp" -## translationNotes +# put it under a basket -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **Neither do people light a lamp** - "People do not light a lamp." -* **lamp** - This is a small bowl with a wick and olive oil for fuel. The important thing is that it gave light. -* **put it under a basket** - "place the lamp under a basket." This is saying it is foolish to create light only to hide it so people do not see the light of the lamp. +"place the lamp under a basket." This is saying it is foolish to create light only to hide it so people do not see the light of the lamp. + +# Let your light shine before people + +This means a disciple of Jesus should live in such a way that others can learn about God's truth. AT: "Let your lives be like a light that shines before people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your Father who is in heaven + +It is best to translate "Father" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/17.md b/mat/05/17.md index 60f8798cda..31156a2edf 100644 --- a/mat/05/17.md +++ b/mat/05/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Jesus begins to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. -## translationNotes +# the prophets -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **not one jot or one tittle** - "not even the smallest written letter or the smallest part of a letter" or "not even the laws that seem unimportant" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **heaven and earth** - "everything God has created" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **all things shall have been accomplished** - "God has done everything that was written in the law." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to what the prophets wrote in the scriptures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# until heaven and earth pass away + +Here "heaven" and "earth" refer to the entire universe. AT: "as long as the universe lasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# not one jot or one tittle + +The jot was the smallest Hebrew letter, and the tittle was a small mark that was the difference between two Hebrew letters. AT: "not even the smallest written letter or the smallest part of a letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all things have been accomplished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all things have happened" or "God causes all things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all things + +The phrase "all things" refers to everything in the law. AT: "everything in the law" or "all that is written in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/19.md b/mat/05/19.md index 0ec6755d8a..362b6ba731 100644 --- a/mat/05/19.md +++ b/mat/05/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# whoever breaks -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +"whoever disobeys" or "whoever ignores" -## translationNotes +# the least one of these commandments -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **whoever breaks the least one of these commandments** - "whoever disobeys any of these commandments, even the least important commandments" -* **will be called least** - "God will say that those people are the least important." -* **least** - "lowest in importance" -* **teaches them** - teaches any of God's commandments -* **great** - "most important" -* **you ... your ... you** - These are plural. +"any of these commandments, even the least important one" + +# will be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will call that person" or "God will call them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# least in the kingdom of heaven + +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in Matthew. If possible use "heaven" in your translation. AT: "the least important in his heavenly kingdom" or "the least important under the rule of our God in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# keeps them and teaches them + +"obeys all these commandments and teaches others to do the same" + +# great + +"most important" + +# For I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# you ... your ... you + +These are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# that unless your righteousness exceeds ... you will in no way enter + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "that your righteousness must exceed ... in order to enter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/21.md b/mat/05/21.md index 5528e385ee..4958d8850f 100644 --- a/mat/05/21.md +++ b/mat/05/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about murder and anger. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. "You have heard" and "I say to you" are spoken to the group using plurals. "You will not kill" is singular, but you may need to translate it as plural. -* **But I say** - The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. -* **kill ... kills** - This word refers to murder, not to all forms of killing. -* **brother** - This refers to a fellow believer, not to a literal brother or a neighbor. -* **worthless person ... fool** - These are insults for people who cannot think correctly. "Worthless person" is close to "brainless," where "fool" adds the idea of disobedience to God. -* **council** - This was likely a local council, not the main Sanhedrin in Jerusalem. +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The word "you" in "You have heard" and "I say to you" is plural. The command "You will not kill" is singular, but you may need to translate it as plural. + +# it was said to them in ancient times + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God told our ancestors long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whoever kills will be in danger of the judgment + +Here "the judgment" implies that a judge will condemn the person to die. AT: "A judge will condemn anyone who kills another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# kill ... kills + +This word refers to murder, not to all forms of killing. + +# But I say + +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. + +# brother + +This refers to a fellow believer, not to a literal brother or a neighbor. + +# will be in danger of the judgment + +It seems here Jesus is not referring to a human judge but rather to God condemning the person who is angry with his brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# worthless person ... fool + +These are insults for people who cannot think correctly. "Worthless person" is close to "brainless," where "fool" adds the idea of disobedience to God. + +# council + +This was likely a local council, not the main Sanhedrin in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/23.md b/mat/05/23.md index c7fd1ef546..9bfadc0ef8 100644 --- a/mat/05/23.md +++ b/mat/05/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# you -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:reconcile]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of "you" and "your" are singular, but your language may require you to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# offering your gift -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **you** - Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of “you” and “your” are singular, but your language may require you to translate them as plurals. -* **offering your gift** - "giving your gift" or "bringing your gift" -* **and there remember** - "and when you are standing at the altar and you remember" -* **your brother has anything against you** - "another person can recall some harm or damage caused by you" -* **first be reconciled with your brother** - "make peace with your brother before you offer your gift" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"giving your gift" or "bringing your gift" + +# at the altar + +It is implied that this is God's altar at the temple in Jerusalem. AT: "to God at the altar in the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there remember + +"while you are standing at the altar you remember" + +# your brother has anything against you + +"another person is angry with you because of something you did" + +# First be reconciled with your brother + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "First make peace with the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/25.md b/mat/05/25.md index 2f1822f9e4..5f2f9fac7b 100644 --- a/mat/05/25.md +++ b/mat/05/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Agree with your -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of "you" and "your" are singular, but your language may require you to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# your accuser -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of “you” and “your” are singular, but your language may require you to translate them as plurals. -* **lest perhaps your accuser hands you over** - "the result could be that your accuser hands you over" or "because your accuser might hand you over” -* **hands you over to the judge** - "takes you to court" -* **officer ** - a person who has authority to carry out the decisions of a judge -* **there** - prison +This is a person who blames someone for doing something wrong. He takes the wrongdoer to court to accuse him before a judge. + +# may hand you over to the judge + +Here "hand you over" means to give someone into the control of someone else. AT: "will let the judge deal with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the judge may hand you over to the officer + +Here "hand you over" means to give someone into the control of someone else. AT: "the judge will give you over to the officer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# officer + +a person who has authority to carry out the decisions of a judge + +# you may be thrown into prison + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the officer might put you in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# from there + +"from prison" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/27.md b/mat/05/27.md index e52b14dd4d..6b93abd954 100644 --- a/mat/05/27.md +++ b/mat/05/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about adultery and lust. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. "You have heard" and "I say to you" are plural. "You will not" is singular, but you may have to translate it as plural. -* **commit** - This word means acting out or doing something. -* **But I say to you** - The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis, as in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:21]]. -* **everyone who looks on a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart** - This metaphor indicates that a man who lusts after a woman is as guilty of adultery as a man who actually commits the act of adultery. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **looks on a woman to lust** - "desires in the mind to have another woman" +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The word "you" in "You have heard" and "I say to you" is plural. The command "Do not commit adultery" is addressed to singular "you," but you may have to translate it as plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# that it was said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# commit + +This word means acting out or doing something. + +# But I say + +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:22](./21.md). + +# everyone who looks on a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart + +This metaphor indicates that a man who lusts after a woman is as guilty of adultery as a man who actually commits the act of adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to lust after her + +"and lusts after her" or "and desires to sleep with her" + +# in his heart + +Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts. AT: "in his mind" or "in his thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/29.md b/mat/05/29.md index 801f274358..6084b30b7d 100644 --- a/mat/05/29.md +++ b/mat/05/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# If your -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of "you" and "your" are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# If your right eye causes you to stumble -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of "you" and "your" are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. -* **right eye … right hand** - The most important eye or hand, as opposed to the left eye or hand. You may need to translate "right" as "best." or "only." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **if your right eye causes you to stumble** - "if what you see causes you to stumble" or "if you want to sin because of what you see." "Stumble" is a metaphor for "sin." Jesus is using irony here, as people usually use their eyes to keep from stumbling over things. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **pluck it out** - "forcefully remove it" or "destroy it" (see UDB). If the right eye is not specifically mentioned, you may need to translate this "pluck your eyes out." If eyes have been mentioned, you may need to translate this "pluck them out" (see UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]].) -* **throw it away from you** - "get rid of it" -* **one of your body parts should perish** - "you should lose one part of your body" -* **if your right hand causes** - This metonymy is used to connect the hand to the actions of the whole person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "eye" refers to what a person sees. And, "stumble" is a metaphor for "sin." AT: "if what you see causes you to stumble" or "if you want to sin because of what you see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# right eye ... right hand + +This means the most important eye or hand, as opposed to the left eye or hand. You may need to translate "right" as "better" or "stronger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# pluck it out ... cut it off + +These commands are exaggerations for a person doing whatever he needs to do to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# pluck it out + +"forcefully remove it" or "destroy it." If the right eye is not specifically mentioned, you may need to translate this "destroy your eyes." If eyes have been mentioned, you may need to translate this "destroy them." + +# throw it away from you + +"get rid of it" + +# one of your body parts should perish + +"you should lose one part of your body" + +# than that your whole body should be thrown into hell + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "than for God to throw your whole body into hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If your right hand causes + +In this metonymy, the hand stands for the actions of the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/31.md b/mat/05/31.md index 8da6cc5367..1f523497a7 100644 --- a/mat/05/31.md +++ b/mat/05/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about divorce. -## translationNotes +# It was also said -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **It was ... said** - God is the one who "said" (see UDB). Jesus uses the passive here to make it plain that it is not God or God's word that he disagrees with. Rather, he is saying that a divorce is just only if it occurs for the right reason. A divorce can be unjust even if the man obeys the command to give a written notice. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]].) -* **sends his wife away** - This is a euphemism for divorce. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **let him give** - This is a command: "he must give." -* **But I say to you** - Jesus is indicating that he is about to say something different from what "was also said." The emphasis is on "I" because he is claiming that he is more important the one who "said." -* **makes her an adulteress** - It is the man who divorces the woman improperly who "causes her to commit adultery" (use the same words for "commit adultery that you used in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:27]]). In many cultures it would be normal for her to remarry, but if the divorce is improper, such a remarriage is adultery (see UDB). +God is the one who "said." Jesus uses the passive here to make it plain that it is not God or God's word that he disagrees with. Rather, he is saying that a divorce is just only if it occurs for the right reason. A divorce can be unjust even if the man obeys the command to give a written notice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sends his wife away + +This is a euphemism for divorce. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# let him give + +"he must give" + +# But I say + +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:22](./21.md). + +# makes her an adulteress + +It is the man who divorces the woman improperly who "causes her to commit adultery." In many cultures it would be normal for her to remarry, but if the divorce is improper, such a remarriage is adultery. + +# her after she has been divorced + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "her after her husband has divorced her" or "the divorced woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/33.md b/mat/05/33.md index d6c2d048cc..8cbdb8be7e 100644 --- a/mat/05/33.md +++ b/mat/05/33.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about swearing oaths. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The "you" in "you have heard" and "I say to you" are plural. The "you" in "you will not swear" and "you will carry" are singular. -* **you have heard that it was said** - "your religious leaders have said to you, 'God said to those in ancient times, "You will not swear."'" Jesus uses the passive here to make it plain that it is not God or God's word that he disagrees with. Rather, he is telling his hearers not to use what does not belong to them to try to make people believe their words. -* **it was said** - Translate this the way you did in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:31]]. -* **swear … oaths** - This can mean 1) tell God and people that you will do what God requires you to do (see UDB) or 2) tell people that God knows that what you are saying about something you have seen is true. -* **But I say to you ** - Translate this the same way you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:31]]. -* **swear not … by heaven … the throne of God … by the earth … the footstool for his feet … by Jerusalem … the city of the great King** - This metaphor from Isaiah [[:en:bible:notes:isa:66:01]] and Psalm [[:en:bible:notes:psa:148:001]] is of God as "the great King." Just as none of Jesus' hearers would think of treating an earthly king's beautiful throne, or even his lowly footstool or the city where he lives, as his own to make his own words strong, so they should not use heaven or earth or Jerusalem to back up their words. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]].) -* **swear not at all** - If your language has a plural form for commands, use it here. "You will not swear a false oath" (verse 33) allows the hearer to swear but forbids false oaths. "Swear not at all" here forbids all oaths. -* **swear not** - Translate this the same way you translated it in verse 33. +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The "you" in "you have heard" and "I say to you" are plural. The "you" in "you will not swear" and "you will carry" are singular. + +# Again, you + +"Also, you" or "Here is another example. You" + +# you have heard that it was said ... false oath + +Jesus makes it plain here that he agrees with God and his word. But, he is telling his hearers not to use what does not belong to them to try to make people believe their words. AT: "your religious leaders have said to you that God told ... false oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do not swear a false oath, but carry out your oaths + +Possible meanings are 1) do not swear to the Lord that you will do something then not do it, or 2) do not swear by the Lord that you know something to be true when you know that it is not true. + +# But I say + +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:22](./21.md). + +# swear not at all ... city of the great King + +Here Jesus means a person should not swear on anything. It seems some were teaching that it was less offensive if a person did not keep an oath if they swore by something other than God, such as swearing by heaven, earth, or Jerusalem. Jesus says this is just as bad because they all belong to God. + +# swear not at all + +If your language has a plural form for commands, use it here. "You will not swear a false oath" allows the hearer to swear but forbids false oaths. "Swear not at all" forbids all oaths. + +# it is the throne of God + +Here "throne" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "it is from here that God rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it is the footstool for his feet + +This metaphor means the earth also belongs to God. AT: "it is like a footstool where a king rests his feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for it is the city of the great King + +"for it is the city that belongs to God, the great king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/36.md b/mat/05/36.md index 03f13994f8..8d41ebf080 100644 --- a/mat/05/36.md +++ b/mat/05/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:satan]] +Previously Jesus told his hearers that God's throne, footstool, and earthly home are not theirs to swear by. Here he says that they may not swear even by their own heads. -## translationNotes +# your ... you -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" in "will you swear" and "you cannot" are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. "Your" in "your speech" is plural. -* 35]] Jesus has told his hearers that God's throne, footstool, and earthly home are not theirs to swear by. Here he says that even their own heads are not theirs to swear by. -* **swear** - Translate this with the same word you used in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:33]]. -* **let your speech be, 'Yes, yes,' or 'No, no.'** - "if you mean 'yes,' say 'yes,' and if you mean 'no,' say 'no.'" +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of these words are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# swear + +This refers to taking an oath. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:34](./33.md). + +# let your speech be, 'Yes, yes,' or 'No, no.' + +"if you mean 'yes,' say 'yes,' and if you mean 'no,' say 'no.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/38.md b/mat/05/38.md index e7da311f5a..4af9f8b41d 100644 --- a/mat/05/38.md +++ b/mat/05/38.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about retaliating against an enemy. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. -* **You have heard that it was said** - Translate this the way you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:33]]. -* **You have heard** - The "you" is singular.. -* **eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth** - The people were allowed to do to others what was done to them, but only to the extent of the harm done. -* **But I say to you** - Translate this the same way you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:31]]. -* **one who is evil** - "an evil person" or "someone who harms you" (UDB) -* **whoever strikes you on your right cheek, turn** - All of these are plural. -* **strikes ... your right cheek** - To strike the side of a man's was an insult in Jesus' culture. As with the eye and the hand ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:29]]), the "right" cheek is metaphorically the more important of the two, and striking that cheek was the worst possible insult. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]].) -* **strikes** - The verb specifies that the strike is made with the back of an open hand. -* **turn to him the other also** - "let him hit your other cheek also." +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The word "you" in "You have heard" and "I say to you" is plural. The phrase "whoever strikes you" is addressed to singular "you," but you may have to translate it as plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You have heard that it was said + +Jesus agrees with God and his word. But, he does not agree with the way the religious leaders had applied God's word. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:33](./33.md). AT: "Your religious leaders have told you that God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth + +The law of Moses allowed a person to harm a person in the same way he had harmed him, but he could not harm him worse. + +# But I say + +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:22](./21.md). + +# one who is evil + +"an evil person" or "someone who harms you" + +# strikes ... your right cheek + +To strike the side of a man's face was an insult in Jesus' culture. As with the eye and the hand, the right cheek is the more important one, and striking that cheek was a terrible insult. + +# strikes + +"slaps." This means hitting someone with the back of an open hand. + +# turn to him the other also + +"let him hit your other cheek also" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/40.md b/mat/05/40.md index 118d126c78..ee18899bd9 100644 --- a/mat/05/40.md +++ b/mat/05/40.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All "you" and "your" are singular, as are the commands "let," "go," "give," and "do not turn away," but you may have to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# coat ... cloak -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All "you" and "your" are singular, as are the commands "let," "go," "give," and "do not turn away," but you may have to translate them as plurals. -* **coat ... cloak** - The "coat" was worn close to the body, like a heavy shirt or a sweater. The "cloak," the more valuable of the two, was worn over the "coat" for warmth and also used as a blanket for warmth at night. -* **let that person ... have** - "give to that person" -* **whoever ** - any person -* **one mile ** - one thousand paces, the distance a Roman soldier could legally force someone to carry something for him -* **with him** - this refers to the one who compels you to go. -* **go with him two** - "go the mile he forces you to go, then go another mile" +The "coat" was worn close to the body, like a heavy shirt or a sweater. The "cloak," the more valuable of the two, was worn over the "coat" for warmth and also used as a blanket for warmth at night. + +# let that person also have + +"give also to that person" + +# Whoever + +"If someone." It is implied that this is a Roman soldier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# one mile + +This is one thousand paces, which is the distance a Roman soldier could legally force someone to carry something for him. If "mile" is confusing, it can be translated as "one kilometer" or "a far distance." + +# with him + +This refers to the one who compels you to go. + +# go with him two + +"go the mile he forces you to go, then go another mile." If "mile" is confusing, you can translate it as "two kilometers" or "twice as far." + +# do not turn away from + +"do not refuse to lend to." This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "lend to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/43.md b/mat/05/43.md index 96b1996997..085bfdfaa2 100644 --- a/mat/05/43.md +++ b/mat/05/43.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about loving enemies. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. Only "you will love ... and hate your enemy" are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. All other instances of "you," as well as the commands "love" and "pray," are plural. -* **You have heard that it was said** - Translate this the way you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:33]]. -* The word "neighbor" here refers to members of the same community or people group whom one usually desires to or ought to treat kindly. It does not refer simply to people who live nearby. You may have to translate it as plural. -* **But I say to you ** - Translate this the same way you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:31]]. -* **you may be sons of your Father** - "you may have the character of your Father" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. Only "you will love ... and hate your enemy" are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. All other instances of "you," as well as the commands "love" and "pray," are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You have heard that it was said + +Jesus agrees with God and his word. But, he does not agree with the way the religious leaders had applied God's word. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:33](./33.md). AT: "Your religious leaders have told you that God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# neighbor + +The word "neighbor" here refers to members of the same community or people group whom one usually desires to or ought to treat kindly. It does not refer simply to people who live nearby. You may have to translate it as plural. + +# But I say + +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:22](./21.md). + +# you may be sons of your Father + +It is best to translate "sons" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to human sons or children. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/46.md b/mat/05/46.md index ee06afc857..dbb822e12e 100644 --- a/mat/05/46.md +++ b/mat/05/46.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] +Jesus finishes teaching about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. This section began in [Matthew 5:17](./17.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of “you” and "your" are plural. -* **greet** - This is a general term for showing a desire for the well-being of the hearer. -* The four questions in these verses are all rhetorical questions. UDB shows how they can be made into statements. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of "you" and "your" are plural. The questions in these verses are all rhetorical. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# greet + +This is a general term for showing a desire for the well-being of the hearer. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/intro.md b/mat/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de6658e88a --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Matthew 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Formatting #### + +Matthew 5-7, traditionally called The Sermon on the Mount, forms one lengthy teaching by Jesus. The chapter divisions cause needless confusion here. A title could help the reader understand that these chapters form one section or unit. The translator should be aware that there is some question about the teaching applies to Israel, the church or the future kingdom of God. + +5:3-10, known as the Beatitudes or Blessings, has been set apart by using indentation, with each line beginning with the word "blessed." This indentation highlights the poetic form of this teaching. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "His disciples" ##### + +It is possible to refer to anyone who followed Jesus as a follower or disciple. Jesus selected twelve of his followers to become his inner circle, the twelve disciples. They would later become known as the apostles. It may have significance that this teaching was for the twelve apostles. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/01.md b/mat/06/01.md index 03305f2229..9b8aabbe0f 100644 --- a/mat/06/01.md +++ b/mat/06/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:alms]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Jesus continues to teach his disciples in his Sermon on the Mount, which began in [Matthew 5:3](../05/01.md). In this section, Jesus addresses the "acts of righteousness" of alms, prayer, and fasting. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All “you” and "your" are plural. -* **do not sound a trumpet before yourself ** - do not draw attention to yourself like someone who plays a loud trumpet in a crowd (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **praise** - Use the same word you used in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:15]]. +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All "you" and "your" are plural. + +# before people to be seen by them + +It is implied that those who see the person will honor him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "in front of people just so that they can see you and give you honor for what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# do not sound a trumpet before yourself + +This metaphor means to do something that purposefully gets people's attention. AT: "do not draw attention to yourself like someone who plays a loud trumpet in a crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/03.md b/mat/06/03.md index 15585288ba..f228aa69c7 100644 --- a/mat/06/03.md +++ b/mat/06/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:alms]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +Jesus continues to teach his disciples about alms. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All “you” and “your” are plural. -* **do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing** - This is a metaphor for total secrecy. Just as hands usually work together and can be said to "know" what each other is doing at all times, you should not let even those closest to you know when you are giving to the poor. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your alms may be given in private** - "you will give to the poor without other people knowing" +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing + +This is a metaphor for total secrecy. Just as hands usually work together and can be said to "know" what each other is doing at all times, you should not let even those closest to you know when you are giving to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your gift may be given in secret + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can give to the poor without other people knowing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/05.md b/mat/06/05.md index fce1c742e1..f1efd6d920 100644 --- a/mat/06/05.md +++ b/mat/06/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Jesus begins to teach about prayer. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All “you” and “your” in verses 5 and 7 are plural; in verse 6 they are singular, but you may have to translate them as plural. -* **Truly I say to you** - AT: "I tell you the truth." -* **enter your inner chamber** - AT: "go to a private place" or "go to an inner room." -* **your Father who sees in private** - This can be translated "your Father sees what people do in private." -* **useless repetitions** - repeating meaningless words -* **much speaking** - "long prayers" or "many words" +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All "you" and "your" in verses 5 and 7 are plural; in verse 6 they are singular, but you may have to translate them as plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# so that they may be seen by people + +It is implied that those who see them will give them honor. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that people will see them and give them honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# enter your inner chamber. Shut the door + +"go to a private place" or "go where you can be alone" + +# Father who is in secret + +Possible meanings are 1) no one can see God, or 2) God is in that private place with the person praying. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# your Father who sees in secret + +"your Father will see what you do in private and" + +# make useless repetitions + +"repeat meaningless words" + +# they will be heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their false gods will hear them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/08.md b/mat/06/08.md index 23fa3205c2..c1e6246f65 100644 --- a/mat/06/08.md +++ b/mat/06/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. He speaks to them as a group in the plural as far as "pray like this." All occurrences of "your" after "Heavenly Father" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Father -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. He speaks to them as a group in the plural as far as "pray like this." All occurrences of "your" after "Heavenly Father" are singular. -* **sanctify your name** - "we want everyone to know you are holy" -* **Let your kingdom come ** - "We want to see you rule over everyone and everything completely" +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# may your name be sanctified + +Here "name" refers to God himself. AT: "make everyone honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May your kingdom come + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "May you rule over everyone and everything completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May your will be done on earth as it is in heaven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may everything on earth happen in accordance with your will as everything in heaven does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/11.md b/mat/06/11.md index ab7d7ba606..f5b0edacda 100644 --- a/mat/06/11.md +++ b/mat/06/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] +All instances of "we," "us," and "our" refer to the those who later would pray as Jesus was teaching them to pray, but not to God, to whom they would be praying, so they would be exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# daily bread -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* All instances of "we," "us," and "our" refer to the crowd that Jesus is addressing (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **debts** - A debt is what one person owes another. This is a metaphor for sins. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **debtors** - A debtor is a person who owes debts to another. This is a metaphor for sinners. +Here "bread" refers to food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# debts + +A debt is what one person owes another. This is a metaphor for sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# debtors + +A debtor is a person who owes debts to another. This is a metaphor for sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not bring us into temptation + +The word "temptation," an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. AT: "Do not let anything tempt us" or "Do not let anything cause us to desire to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/14.md b/mat/06/14.md index 934eff1cc9..548d4292c2 100644 --- a/mat/06/14.md +++ b/mat/06/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +All instances of "you" and "your" are plural. However, Jesus is telling them what will happen to them as individuals if each person does not forgive others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# trespasses -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of "you" and "your" are plural. +"wrongs" or "sins" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/16.md b/mat/06/16.md index be9ab4415d..9f9793befa 100644 --- a/mat/06/16.md +++ b/mat/06/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +Jesus begins to teach about fasting. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurances of “you” and “your” in verses 17 and 18 are singular, but you may want to translate them as plural to match the plural "you" in verse 16. -* **Moreover** - "Also" -* **anoint your head** - "look the same as you usually do." To "anoint" the head here is to take normal care of one's hair. It has nothing to do with "Christ" meaning "anointed one." +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of "you" and "your" in verses 17 and 18 are singular, but you may want to translate them as plural to match the plural "you" in verse 16. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Moreover + +"Also" + +# they disfigure their faces + +The hypocrites would not wash their faces or comb their hair. They did this purposely to draw attention to themselves so that people would see them and give them honor for fasting. + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# anoint your head + +"put oil in your hair" or "groom your hair." To "anoint" the head here is to take normal care of one's hair. It has nothing to do with "Christ" meaning "anointed one." Jesus means that people should look the same whether they are fasting or not. + +# Father who is in secret + +Possible meanings are 1) no one can see God, or 2) God is in that private place with the person praying. See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:6](./05.md). + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who sees in secret + +"who sees what you do in private." See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:6](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/19.md b/mat/06/19.md index 142edc495f..797b1c9f05 100644 --- a/mat/06/19.md +++ b/mat/06/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Jesus begins to teach about money and possessions. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are plural, except in verse 21, where they are singular. -* **store up for yourselves treasures** - Treasures are physical objects that please us. +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are plural, except in verse 21, where they are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# treasures + +"riches" + +# where moth and rust destroy + +"where moth and rust ruin treasures" + +# moth + +a small, flying insect that destroys cloth + +# rust + +a brown substance that forms on metals + +# store up for yourselves treasures in heaven + +This is a metaphor that means do good things on earth so God will reward you in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there will your heart be also + +Here "heart" means a person's thoughts and interests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/22.md b/mat/06/22.md index 9f43d6db85..ca719c2773 100644 --- a/mat/06/22.md +++ b/mat/06/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are all singular, but you may need to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# The eye is the lamp of the body ... how great is that darkness -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are all singular, but you may need to translate them as plurals. -* **The eye is the lamp of the body** - "like a lamp, the eye allows you to see things clearly" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **if your eye is good, the whole body is filled with light** - If your eyes are healthy, if you can see, then your whole body is able to function properly. That is, you can walk, work, etc. This is a metaphor for seeing things as God sees them, specifically in the area of generosity and greed (see UDB). -* **eye** - You may have to translate this as plural. -* **filled with light** - This is a metaphor for having understanding. -* **if your eye is bad** - This does not refer to magic. Alternative translation: "you do not see things as God sees them." It can also be a metaphor for greed (see UDB "How greedy you will be" and [[:en:bible:notes:mat:20:15]]). -* **the light that is in you is actually darkness** - "what you think is light is actually darkness." This is a metaphor for thinking one sees things as God sees them when one does not. -* **how great is that darkness** - To be in darkness is bad. To be in darkness and think one is in light is even worse. -* **for either he will hate the one and love the other, or else he will be devoted to one and despise the other** - These two phrases refer to the same issue--being unable to love and be devoted to both God and money at the same time. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **You cannot serve God and wealth** - "You cannot worship God and money at the same time" +This compares healthy eyes that allow a person to see to diseased eyes that cause a person to be blind. This is a metaphor referring to spiritual health. Often Jewish people used the phrase "bad eye" to refer to greed. The meaning is: if a person is completely devoted to God and sees things the way he does, then they are doing what is right. If a person is greedy for more, then he is doing what is evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The eye is the lamp of the body + +This metaphor means the eyes allow a person to see just as a lamp helps a person see in the dark. AT: "Like a lamp, the eye allows you to see things clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# eye + +You may have to translate this as plural, "eyes." + +# if your eye is bad + +This does not refer to magic. Jewish people often used this as a metaphor for someone who is greedy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for either he will hate the one and love the other, or else he will be devoted to one and despise the other + +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that a person cannot love and be devoted both to God and money at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You cannot serve God and wealth + +"You cannot love God and money at the same time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/25.md b/mat/06/25.md index e74285a2fe..c480ae6052 100644 --- a/mat/06/25.md +++ b/mat/06/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Here the instances of "you" and "your" are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# I say to you -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are all plural. -* **is not life more than food, and the body more than clothes?** - Food and clothing are not the most important things in life. This rhetorical question means "your life is more than what you eat and what you wear." Alternative translation: "life is more than food, is it not? And the body is more than clothes, is it not?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]].) -* **barns** - places to store crops -* **Are not you of much more value than they** - This rhetorical question means "You are much more valuable than the birds." Alternative translation: "You are much more valuable than the birds, are you not?" +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# to you + +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. + +# is not life more than food, and the body more than clothes? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "obviously life is more than what you eat, and your body is more than what you wear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# barns + +places to store crops + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Are you not more valuable than they are? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "Obviously you are more valuable than birds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/27.md b/mat/06/27.md index 3135080b4e..e28dfb8052 100644 --- a/mat/06/27.md +++ b/mat/06/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Which one of you by being anxious can add one cubit to his lifespan? -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of “you” and “your” are plural. -* **And which one of you by being anxious can add one cubit to his lifespan?** - This rhetorical question means that no one can live longer by worrying. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **one cubit** - A "cubit" was a little less than half a meter. In this instance, it is used as a metaphor for adding time to a lifespan. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **And why are you anxious about clothing?** - This rhetorical question means "you should not be worried about what you will wear." -* **Think about** - "Consider" -* **lilies** - a kind of wild flower +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "None of you can, just by worrying, add years to your life. You cannot add even one minute to your life! So you should not worry about things you need." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# one cubit + +A cubit is a measure of a little less than half a meter. Here it is a metaphor for adding time to how long a person will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why are you anxious about clothing? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "You should not be worried about what you will wear." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Think about + +"Consider" + +# lilies + +a kind of wild flower (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# was not clothed like one of these + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "did not wear clothes that are as beautiful as these lilies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/30.md b/mat/06/30.md index eb90b18830..7ad11d3c1a 100644 --- a/mat/06/30.md +++ b/mat/06/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are plural. -## translationNotes +# so clothes the grass -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are plural. -* **grass** - If your language has a word that includes "grass" and the word you used for "lilies" in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:06:27]], you can use it here. -* **thrown into the oven** - The Jews of Jesus' day used grass in their fires to cook their food (see UDB). Alternative translation: "thrown into the fire" or "burned up." -* **O you of little faith** - Jesus is scolding the people because they have little faith in God.Alternative translation: "You who have such little faith" or as a new sentence, "Why do you have such little faith?" -* **Therefore** - Alternative translation: "Because of all of this." +This is a metaphor that means God makes the flowers beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# grass + +If your language has a word that includes "grass" and the word you used for "lilies" in the previous verse, you can use it here. + +# is thrown into the oven + +The Jews at that time used grass in their fires to cook their food. This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone throws it into a fire" or "someone burns it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# how much more will he clothe you ... faith? + +Jesus is using a question to teach the people. AT: "he will certainly clothe you ... faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you of little faith + +"you who have such little faith." Jesus is scolding the people because they have little faith in God. + +# Therefore + +"Because of all of this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/32.md b/mat/06/32.md index ceb2c0ef9a..b56fb2b0c2 100644 --- a/mat/06/32.md +++ b/mat/06/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For the Gentiles search for these things -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"for the Gentiles are concerned about what they will eat, drink, and wear" -## translationNotes +# your heavenly Father knows that you need them -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are plural. -* **For ... for** - These each introduce a sentence that explains [[:en:bible:notes:mat:06:30]]. That is, the Gentiles seek these things, so "do not be anxious"; "your heavenly Father knows that you need them," so "do not be anxious." -* **Therefore** - Alternative translation: "Because of all of this." -* **tomorrow will be anxious for itself** - This personification actually refers to the person who lives "the next day" (see UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Sufficient to the day is its own evil** - this can be translated as "the day will have enough bad things in it." +Jesus is implying that God will make sure their basic needs are met. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# seek first his kingdom and his righteousness + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "concern yourselves with serving God, who is your king, and doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all these things will be given to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will provide all these things for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Therefore + +"Because of all this" + +# tomorrow will be anxious for itself + +Jesus is describing "tomorrow" as if it is a person who can worry. Jesus means that a person will have enough to worry about when the next day comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/intro.md b/mat/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f1b045832d --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Matthew 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Formatting #### + +Matthew 6 continues Jesus' extended teaching known as "The Sermon on the Mount." + +The translator may wish to set apart the prayer in 6:9-11 by using indentation. Since this chapter quickly shifts from one topic to another, it is possible to use a line of space between topic to distinguish between them more easily. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/01.md b/mat/07/01.md index 3e159044c7..e3190c7ba1 100644 --- a/mat/07/01.md +++ b/mat/07/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:judge]] +Jesus continues to teach his disciples in his Sermon on the Mount, which began in [Matthew 5:3](../05/01.md). -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and the commands are plural. -* **you will be judged ** - This could be stated in active form: "God will condemn you" (UDB) or "people will condemn you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For** - Be sure the reader understands that verse 2 is based on verse 1. -* **measure** - This can refer to 1) the amount of punishment given (see UDB) or 2) the standard used for judgment. +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and the commands are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Do not judge + +It is implied here that "judge" has the strong meaning of "condemn harshly" or "declare guilty." AT: "Do not condemn people harshly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you will not be judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not condemn you harshly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For + +Be sure the reader understands the statement in 7:2 is based on what Jesus said in 7:1. + +# with the judgment you judge, you will be judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will condemn you in the same way you condemn others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# measure + +Possible meanings are 1) this is the amount of punishment given or 2) this is the standard used for judgment. + +# it will be measured out to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will measure it out to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/03.md b/mat/07/03.md index 6969010f9a..8b00dc5109 100644 --- a/mat/07/03.md +++ b/mat/07/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are all singular, but you may need to translate them as plurals. -## translationNotes +# Why do you look ... but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye? -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are all singular, but you may need to translate them as plurals. -* **why do you look ... How can you say** - Jesus is challenging them to look at their own faults or sins first. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **tiny piece of straw ... log** - These are metaphors for a person's least important and most important faults. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **brother** - This refers to a fellow believer, not to a literal brother or a neighbor. -* **eye** - This is a metaphor for life. -* **tiny piece of straw** - "speck" (UDB) or "splinter" or "bit of dust." Use a word for the smallest thing that commonly falls into people's eyes. -* **log** - The largest part of a tree that has been cut down, a piece of wood far too large to literally go into a person's eye. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Jesus uses this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person's sins. AT: "do not look ... but ignore the log that is in your own eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the tiny piece of straw that is in your brother's eye + +This is a metaphor that refers to the less important faults of a fellow believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tiny piece of straw + +"speck" or "splinter" or "bit of dust." Use a word for the smallest thing that commonly falls into a person's eyes. + +# brother + +All occurrences of "brother" in 7:3-5 refer to a fellow believer, not to a literal brother or a neighbor. + +# the log that is in your own eye + +This is a metaphor for a person's most important faults. A log could not literally go into a person's eye. Jesus is exaggerating to emphasize that a person should pay attention to his own more important faults before he deals with another person's less important faults. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# log + +the largest part of a tree that someone has cut down + +# How can you say ... your own eye? + +Jesus asks this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person's sins. AT: "You should not say ... your own eye." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/06.md b/mat/07/06.md index 0d694e56a8..7942f0c063 100644 --- a/mat/07/06.md +++ b/mat/07/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:pig]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are all plural. -## translationNotes +# dogs ... hogs -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are all plural. -* **dogs ... hogs ... trample ... turn and tear** - It is probably the hogs who would "trample" and the dogs who would "turn and tear" (see UDB). -* **dogs ... hogs** - These animals were considered dirty and God told the Israelites not to eat them. They are metaphors for wicked people who do not value holy things (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). It would be best to translate these words literally. -* **pearls** - These are similar to round, valuable stones or beads. They are a metaphor for the knowledge of God (see UDB) or precious things in general. +Jews considered these animals dirty, and God told the Jews not to eat them. They are metaphors for wicked people who do not value holy things. It would be best to translate these words literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pearls + +These are similar to round, valuable stones or beads. They are a metaphor for the knowledge of God or precious things in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they may trample + +"the pigs may trample" + +# then turn and tear + +"the dogs will then turn and tear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/07.md b/mat/07/07.md index e142f839fd..4c02c6729a 100644 --- a/mat/07/07.md +++ b/mat/07/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Ask ... Seek ... Knock -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of “you” and “your” are plural. -* **ask ... seek ... knock** - These are three metaphors for persistent prayer. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]].) If your language has a form for continuing to do things over time (see UDB), use it here. -* **ask** - request things from God (see UDB) -* **seek** - "expect" (UDB) or "search for" -* **knock** - To knock on a door was a polite way to request that the person inside the house or room open the door. If knocking on a door is impolite, use the word that describes how people politely ask for doors to be opened or translate it "tell God you want him to open the door." -* **Or .... Or** - Jesus is about to say what he has just said in different words. These may be omitted (UDB). -* **what man among you is there** - This rhetorical question means "none of you would." (See: UDB, [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a loaf of bread ... stone ... fish ... snake** - These should be translated literally. -* **a loaf of bread** - "some food" +These are metaphors for praying to God. The verb form shows that we are to keep praying until he answers. If your language has a form for continuing to do something over and over, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Ask + +This means to request things from God. + +# it will be given to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will give you what you need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Seek + +"Seek from God what you need" + +# Knock + +To knock on a door was a polite way to request that the person inside the house or room open the door. If knocking on a door is impolite or not done in your culture, use the word that describes how people politely ask for doors to be opened. AT: "Tell God you want him to open the door" + +# it will be opened to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will open it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Or which one of you ... a stone? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "There is not one person among you ... a stone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a loaf of bread + +This refers to food in general. AT: "some food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# stone ... fish ... snake + +These nouns should be translated literally. + +# Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake? + +Jesus asks another question to teach the people. It is understood that Jesus is still referring to a man and his son. AT: "And there is not one person among you, if his son asks for a fish, will give him a snake." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/11.md b/mat/07/11.md index 0280e631a3..7d7c121eaa 100644 --- a/mat/07/11.md +++ b/mat/07/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# how much more will your Father in heaven give ... him? -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are plural. -* **things you want people to do to you** - "way you want others to act toward you" (UDB) +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "then your Father in heaven will most certainly give ... him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# whatever things you want people to do to you + +"whatever way you want others to act toward you" + +# for this is the law and the prophets + +Here "law" and "prophets" refer to what Moses and the prophets wrote. AT: "for this is what Moses and the prophets teach in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/13.md b/mat/07/13.md index 9ec05e18c1..503c6c8c9a 100644 --- a/mat/07/13.md +++ b/mat/07/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This image of walking through a wide gate to destruction or a narrow gate to life represents how people live and the results of how they live. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are plural. -* When you translate, use appropriate words for "wide" and "broad" that are as different from "narrow" as possible to emphasize the differences between the two sets of gates and ways. -* **Enter through the narrow gate** - You may need to move this to the end of verse 14: "Therefore, enter through the narrow gate." -* **gate … way** - This metaphor is most likely of people walking the "way," reaching the "gate," and then entering "life" or "destruction" (see UDB, [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). So you may need to translate "broad is the way that leads to destruction and wide is the gate by which people enter it." Others understand the gate and way as hendiadys, which would not need to be reordered. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **wide is the gate and broad is the way … narrow is the gate, and narrow is the way** - The ULB puts the adjectives before the verbs to emphasize the contrast between the adjectives. Structure your translation the way your language usually contasts adjectives. -* **destruction** - This is a general term for people being destroyed. In context it refers literally to physical death (see UDB), which is a metaphor for eternal death. This is the opposite of physical "life," which is a metaphor for eternal life. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +When you translate, use appropriate words for "wide" and "broad" that are as different as possible from "narrow" in order to emphasize the differences between the two sets of gates and ways. + +# Enter through the narrow gate ... few who find it + +This is an image of people traveling on a road and going through a gate into a kingdom. One kingdom is easy to enter; the other is hard to enter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Enter through the narrow gate + +You may need to move this to the end of verse 14: "Therefore, enter through the narrow gate." + +# the gate ... the way + +Possible meanings are 1) "the way" refers to the road that leads to the gate of a kingdom, or 2) the "the gate" and "the way" both refer to the entrance to the kingdom. + +# to destruction ... to life + +These abstract nouns can be translated with verbs. AT: "to the place where people die ... to the place where people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/15.md b/mat/07/15.md index 5c127444f0..4e5ed52f5c 100644 --- a/mat/07/15.md +++ b/mat/07/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Beware of -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] +"Be on guard against" -## translationNotes +# who come to you in sheep's clothing but are truly ravenous wolves -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **Beware of** - "Be on guard against" -* **By their fruits** - Jesus compares the actions of the prophets to fruit produced by plants. Alternate translation: "by the way they act." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Do people gather …?** - "People do not gather …." The people Jesus is talking to would have known that the answer is no. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **good tree brings forth good fruit** - Jesus continues to use the metaphor of fruit to refer to good prophets who produce good works or words. -* **ruined tree brings forth bad fruit** - Jesus continues to use the metaphor of fruit to refer to bad prophets who produce evil works or words. +This metaphor means false prophets will pretend like they are good and want to help you, but they are really evil and will do you harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# By their fruits you will know them + +This metaphor refers to a person's actions. AT: "Just as you know a tree by the fruit that grows on it, you will know false prophets by how they act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do people gather ... thistles? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. The people would have known that the answer is no. AT: "People do not gather ... thistles." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# every good tree produces good fruit + +Jesus continues to use the metaphor of fruit to refer to good prophets who produce good works or words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the bad tree produces bad fruit + +Jesus continues to use the metaphor of fruit to refer to bad prophets who produce evil works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/18.md b/mat/07/18.md index 2e29330d76..37b32d5ca8 100644 --- a/mat/07/18.md +++ b/mat/07/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Every tree that does not produce good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:good]] +Jesus continues to use fruit trees as a metaphor to refer to false prophets. Here, he only states what will happen to the bad trees. It is implied that the same thing will happen to the false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# is cut down and thrown into the fire -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **Every tree that does not yield good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire** - Jesus continues to use fruit trees as a metaphor to refer to false prophets. Here, he only states what will happen to the bad trees. It is implied that the same thing will happen to the false prophets. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **by their fruits you will know them** - The word "their" can refer to either the prophets or the trees. This metaphor implies that the fruit of trees and the deeds of prophets both reveal whether they are good or bad. If possible, translate this in a way to refer to either one. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person will cut it down and burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will recognize them by their fruits + +The word "their" can refer to either the prophets or the trees. This metaphor implies that the fruit of trees and the deeds of prophets both reveal whether they are good or bad. If possible, translate this in a way so that it can refer to both trees and prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/21.md b/mat/07/21.md index 03ec1bd2b2..208e7b9142 100644 --- a/mat/07/21.md +++ b/mat/07/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# will enter into the kingdom of heaven -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "will live with God in heaven when he shows himself to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# those who do the will of my Father who is in heaven -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **whoever does the will of my Father** - "whoever does what my Father desires" -* **we** - This does not include Jesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **in that day** - Jesus said only "that day" because he knew that his hearers would understand that he was referring to the day of judgment. You should include this fact (as in the UDB) only if your readers would not understand that Jesus' hearers knew which day Jesus was talking about. +"whoever does what my Father in heaven desires" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in that day + +Jesus said "that day" knowing his hearers would understand he was referring to the day of judgment. You should include "the day of judgment" only if your readers would not understand otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# did we not prophesy ... drive out demons ... do many mighty deeds? + +The people use a question to emphasize that they did these things. AT: "we prophesied ... drove out demons ... did many mighty deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we + +This "we" does not include Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" means with the power and authority of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# mighty deeds + +"miracles" + +# I never knew you + +This means the person does not belong to Jesus. AT: "You are not my follower" or "I have nothing to do with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/24.md b/mat/07/24.md index b1956ea20e..f5c5096b5f 100644 --- a/mat/07/24.md +++ b/mat/07/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"For that reason" -## translationNotes +# my words -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **Therefore** - "For that reason" -* **like a wise man who built his house upon a rock** - Jesus compares those who obey his words to a person who builds his house where nothing can harm it. Note that though the rain, wind, and high water reach the house, it does not fall down. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **rock** - This is the bedrock below the topsoil and clay, not a large stone or boulder above the ground. +Here "words" refers to what Jesus says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# like a wise man who built his house upon a rock + +Jesus compares those who obey his words to a person who builds his house where nothing can harm it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# rock + +This is the bedrock below the topsoil and clay, not a large stone or boulder above the ground. + +# it was built + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he built it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/26.md b/mat/07/26.md index 9fa0e4669c..9b62b1a2c2 100644 --- a/mat/07/26.md +++ b/mat/07/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is the end of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, which began in [Matthew 5:3](../05/01.md). -## translationNotes +# like a foolish man who built his house upon the sand -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:01]]. -* **like a foolish man who built his house upon the sand** - Jesus continues the simile that he began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:07:24]]. He compares those who do not obey his words to foolish house builders. Only a fool would build a house on a sandy place where rain, floods, and wind can sweep the sand away. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **fell** - Use the general word that describes what happens when a house falls down. -* **and great was its fall** - The rain, floods, and wind completely destroyed the house. +Jesus continues the simile from the previous verse. He compares those who do not obey his words to foolish house-builders. Only a fool would build a house on a sandy place where rain, floods, and wind can sweep the sand away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# fell + +Use the general word in your language that describes what happens when a house falls down. + +# its destruction was complete + +The rain, floods, and wind completely destroyed the house. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/28.md b/mat/07/28.md index 6363d2aba8..b20cc3119f 100644 --- a/mat/07/28.md +++ b/mat/07/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +These verses describe how the people in the crowds reacted to Jesus' teaching in the Sermon on the Mount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# It came about that when -* **It came about** - If your language has a way of expressing the beginning of a new section in a story, use it here. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_newevent]]) +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. AT: "Then" or "After" + +# were astonished by his teaching + +It is clear in 7:29 that they were amazed not just at what Jesus taught but also the way he taught it. AT: "were amazed because of the way he taught" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/intro.md b/mat/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d8e1e273e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Matthew 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Since this chapter shifts quickly from one topic to another, it is possible to use a line of space between topics to distinguish between them more easily. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Matthew 5-7 ##### + +Matthew 5-7 together form one sermon or teaching by Jesus. The chapter divisions cause confusion here. + +##### "By their fruits you will know them" ##### + +Fruit is a common image in the scriptures. It is used to describe the results of either good or bad behavior. In this chapter, good fruit is the result of living as God commands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/01.md b/mat/08/01.md index b064bbf2a1..dfd3cd2c59 100644 --- a/mat/08/01.md +++ b/mat/08/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that contains several accounts of Jesus healing people. This theme continues through [Matthew 9:35](../09/35.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# When Jesus had come down from the hill, large crowds followed him -* This begins an account of Jesus miraculously healing several people. -* **When Jesus had come down from the hill, large crowds followed him.** - Alternative translation: “After Jesus came down from the hill, a large crowd followed him.” The crowd may have included both people who had been with him on the mountain and people who had not been with him. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **a leper** - “a man who had leprosy” or “a man who had a skin disease” (UDB) -* **if you are willing** - Alternative translation: “if you want to” or “if you desire”. The leper knew that Jesus had the power to heal him, but he did not know if Jesus would want to touch him. -* **you can make me clean** - Alternative translations: “you can heal me” or “please heal me” (UDB). -* **Immediately** - “Right away” -* **he was cleansed of his leprosy** - The result of Jesus saying “Be clean” was that the man was healed. Alternative translation: “he was well” or “the leprosy left him” or “the leprosy ended.” +"After Jesus came down from the hill, a large crowd followed him." The crowd may have included both people who had been with him on the mountain and people who had not been with him. + +# Behold + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# a leper + +"a man who had leprosy" or "a man who had a skin disease" + +# bowed before him + +This is a sign of humble respect before Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# if you are willing + +"if you want to" or "if you desire." The leper knew that Jesus had the power to heal him, but he did not know if Jesus would want to touch him. + +# you can make me clean + +Here "clean" means to be healed and to be able to live in the community again. AT: "you can heal me" or "please heal me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Be clean + +By saying this, Jesus healed the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# Immediately + +"Right away" + +# he was cleansed of his leprosy + +The result of Jesus saying "Be clean" was that the man was healed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he was well" or "the leprosy left him" or "the leprosy ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/04.md b/mat/08/04.md index c81fd036a7..31079bc280 100644 --- a/mat/08/04.md +++ b/mat/08/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to him -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +This refers to the man that Jesus just healed. -## translationNotes +# say nothing to any man -* This continues the account of Jesus' healing the man who had leprosy. -* **him** - the man who had had leprosy -* **say nothing to any man** - Though the man would have to talk to the priest when he gave the sacrifice (see UDB), Jesus wanted the man to say nothing to anyone else about what had happened. This can be translated as "do not say anything to anyone" or "do not tell anyone that I healed you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **show yourself to the priest** - Jewish law required that the person show his healed skin to the priest, who would allow him or her to be with other people. -* **offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony to them** - The law of Moses required that someone healed of leprosy give a thanksgiving offering to the priest. When the priest accepted the gift, people would know that the man had been healed. -* **to them** - This can possibly refer to the priests or 2) all the people or 3) the critics of Jesus. If possible, use a pronoun that could refer to any of these groups. +"do not say anything to anyone" or "do not tell anyone I healed you" + +# show yourself to the priest + +Jewish law required that the person show his healed skin to the priest, who would then allow him or her to return to the community, to be with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony to them + +The law of Moses required that someone healed of leprosy give a thanksgiving offering to the priest. When the priest accepted the gift, people would know that the man had been healed. Lepers were ostracized, banned from the community, until they had proof of their healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to them + +This can possibly refer to 1) the priests or 2) all the people or 3) the critics of Jesus. If possible, use a pronoun that could refer to any of these groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/05.md b/mat/08/05.md index 05f58e3dc6..c5b7bbf88e 100644 --- a/mat/08/05.md +++ b/mat/08/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here the scene shifts to a different time and place and tells of Jesus healing another person. -## translationNotes +# came to him and asked him -* This continues the account of Jesus healing several people. -* **him ... him** - Jesus -* **paralyzed** - "unable to move" because of disease -* **Jesus said to him, "I will come and heal him."** - "Jesus said to the centurion, "I will come to your house and make your servant well." +Here "him" refers to Jesus. + +# paralyzed + +One who is unable to move because of disease or stroke. + +# Jesus said to him + +"Jesus said to the centurion" + +# I will come and heal him + +"I will come to your house and make your servant well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/08.md b/mat/08/08.md index 1766ad574e..ecb8676399 100644 --- a/mat/08/08.md +++ b/mat/08/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# under my roof -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +This is an idiom that refers to inside the house. AT: "into my house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# say the word -* This continues the account of Jesus' healing several people. -* **you should enter under my roof** - "you should enter my home" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **say the word** - "give the command" -* **soldiers** - "skilled fighters" -* **not even in Israel have I found anyone with so much faith ** - Jesus' hearers would have thought that the Jews in Israel, who claim to be children of God, would have greater faith than anyone. Jesus is saying they are wrong and that the centurion's faith was greater. +Here "word" represents a command. AT: "give the command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will be healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will become well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who is placed under authority + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who is under the authority of someone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# under authority ... under me + +To be "under" someone means to be less important and to obey the commands of someone more important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# soldiers + +"skilled fighters" + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# I have not found anyone with such faith in Israel + +Jesus' hearers would have thought that the Jews in Israel, who claim to be children of God, would have greater faith than anyone. Jesus is saying they are wrong and that the centurion's faith was greater. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/11.md b/mat/08/11.md index f10a81354a..4c4d79fd31 100644 --- a/mat/08/11.md +++ b/mat/08/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# you -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Here "you" is plural and refers to "those who were following him" in [Matthew 8:10](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# from the east and the west -* This continues the account of Jesus' healing the Roman centurion's servant. -* **you** - This refers to "those who were following him" ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:08:08]]) and so is plural. -* **from the east and the west** - This is a merism: everywhere not east of a given point is west. This can be translated as "from everywhere" or "from far away in every direction." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **recline at table** - People in that culture would lie down beside the table while eating. This custom is used as a metonym for living together as family and friends. This can be translated as "live as family and friends with." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the sons of the kingdom will be thrown** - "God will throw the sons of the kingdom" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the sons of the kingdom** - The phrase "sons of" refers to those who belong to something, in this case the kingdom of God. There is also irony here because the "sons" will be thrown out while the strangers will be welcomed. This can be translated as "those who should have allowed God to rule over them" (see UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the outer darkness** - This expression refers to the eternal destiny of those who reject God. "the dark place away from God." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **so may it be done for you** - "so I will do it for you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the servant was healed ** - "Jesus healed the servant." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **at that very hour** - "at the exact time Jesus said he would heal the servant." +Using the opposites "east" and "west" is a way of saying "everywhere." AT: "from everywhere" or "from far away in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# recline at the table + +People in that culture would lie down beside the table while eating. This phrase indicates that all those at the table are family and close friends. The joy in the kingdom of God is frequently spoken of as if the people there were feasting. AT: "live as family and friends with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "when our God in heaven shows that he is king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sons of the kingdom will be thrown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will throw the sons of the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sons of the kingdom + +The phrase "sons of" refers to those who belong to something, in this case the kingdom of God. There is also irony here because the "sons" will be thrown out while the strangers will be welcomed. AT: "those who should have allowed God to rule over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# the outer darkness + +This expression refers to the eternal destiny of those who reject God. AT: "the dark place away from God" or "hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# weeping and grinding of teeth + +This represents extreme sadness and suffering. + +# so may it be done for you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so I will do it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the servant was healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus healed the servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# at that very hour + +"at the exact time Jesus said he would heal the servant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/14.md b/mat/08/14.md index d9db1f1e5e..a13e47b710 100644 --- a/mat/08/14.md +++ b/mat/08/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Here the scene shifts to a different time and place and tells of Jesus healing another person. -## translationNotes +# Jesus had come -* This continues the account of Jesus' healing several people. -* **Jesus had come** - Jesus was probably accompanied by his disciples (to whom he "gave instructions," [[:en:bible:notes:isa:08:18]]; see UDB), but the focus of the story is on what Jesus said and did, so introduce the disciples only if needed to avoid wrong meaning. -* **Peter's mother-in-law** - in-law** - "the mother of Peter's wife" -* **the fever left her** - If your language would understand this personification to mean that the fever could think and act on its own, this can be translated as "she became better" or "Jesus healed her." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **got up** - "got out of bed" +The disciples were probably with Jesus, but the focus of the story is on what Jesus said and did, so introduce the disciples only if needed to avoid wrong meaning. + +# Peter's mother-in-law + +"the mother of Peter's wife" + +# the fever left her + +If your language would understand this personification to mean that the fever could think and act on its own, this can be translated as "she became better" or "Jesus healed her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# got up + +"got out of bed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/16.md b/mat/08/16.md index 341e3dc4b7..d21595d306 100644 --- a/mat/08/16.md +++ b/mat/08/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demonpossessed]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Here the scene shifts to later that evening and tells of Jesus healing more people and casting out demons. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This concludes the account of Jesus healing several people. -* **evening** - UDB infers from Mark [[:en:bible:notes:mrk:01:21]] and [[:en:bible:notes:mrk:01:29]] that Jesus arrived in Capernaum on the Sabbath. Because the Jews did not work or travel on the Sabbath, they waited until evening to bring people to Jesus. You do not need to mention the Sabbath unless you need to avoid wrong meaning. -* **he drove out the spirits with a word** - This is hyperbole. Jesus could have spoken more than one word. This can be translated as "Jesus only had to speak once and the demons left the man." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **was fulfilled that which had been spoken by Isaiah the prophet** - "Jesus fulfilled the prophecy that God had told the prophet Isaiah to reveal to Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that which had been spoken by Isaiah ** - "what Isaiah had said" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **took our sickness and bore our diseases** - "freed people from being sick and made them well" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +In verse 17, the writer quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' healing ministry was a fulfillment of prophecy. + +# When evening had come + +Because Jews did not work or travel on the Sabbath, "evening" may imply after the Sabbath. They waited until evening to bring people to Jesus. You do not need to mention the Sabbath unless you need to avoid wrong meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# many who were possessed by demons + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "many people whom demons possessed" or "many people whom demons controlled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He drove out the spirits with a word + +Here "word" stands for a command. AT: "He commanded the spirits to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# was fulfilled that which had been spoken by Isaiah the prophet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus fulfilled the prophecy that the prophet Isaiah had spoken to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# took our sickness and bore our diseases + +Matthew is quoting the prophet Isaiah. These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he healed all of our diseases. AT: "healed those who were sick and made them well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/18.md b/mat/08/18.md index a4a73d2f46..f48cc2b215 100644 --- a/mat/08/18.md +++ b/mat/08/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +Here the scene shifts and tells about Jesus' response to some people who wanted to follow him. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Jesus explains what he expects of his followers. -* **he, him ** - These refer to Jesus in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:08:18]] and [[:en:bible:notes:mat:08:18]]. -* **he gave instructions** - "he told them what to do" -* **Then** - After Jesus "gave instructions" but before he could get into the boat (see UDB). -* **wherever ** - "to any place" -* **Foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky have nests** - The animals in this merism represent a wide range of wild animals. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **Foxes** - Foxes are animals like dogs that eat nesting birds and other small animals. If foxes are unknown in your area, use a general term for dog-like creatures or other furry animals. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **holes** - Foxes make holes in the ground to live in. Use the appropriate word for the place where the animal you use for "foxes" lives. -* **nowhere to lay his head ** - "no place of his own to sleep" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# he gave instructions + +"he told his disciples" + +# Then + +This means after Jesus "gave instructions" but before he could get into the boat. + +# wherever + +"to any place" + +# Foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky have nests + +Jesus answers with this proverb. This means even wild animals have somewhere to rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# Foxes + +Foxes are animals like dogs. They eat nesting birds and other small animals. If foxes are unknown in your area, use a general term for dog-like creatures or other furry animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# holes + +Foxes make holes in the ground to live in. Use the appropriate word for the place where the animal you use for "foxes" lives. + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# nowhere to lay his head + +This refers to a place to sleep. AT: "no place of his own to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/21.md b/mat/08/21.md index 5b98ca9611..e19c0ec18d 100644 --- a/mat/08/21.md +++ b/mat/08/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# allow me first to go and bury my father -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +It is unclear whether the man's father has died and he will bury him immediately, or if the man wants to stay for a longer amount of time until his father dies so he can bury him then. The main point is that the man wants to do something else first before he follows Jesus. -## translationNotes +# leave the dead to bury their own dead -* Jesus continues to explain what he expects of his followers. -* **allow me first to go and bury my father** - This is a polite request. Jewish custom was to bury people the same day they died, so the man's father was probably still alive and the man was using "bury" as a euphemism for caring for his father for days or even years until he died(see UDB). If the father were already dead, the man would have been asking to go away for a matter of hours. Specify that the father was or was not dead only if needed to avoid wrong meaning. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **leave the dead to bury their own dead** - This is meant as a pithy, not complete, statement, so use as few words and specify as little as possible. Use the same sense for "bury" here that you use for "bury" in the man's request. -* **leave ... to bury** - This is a strong way of denying the man's responsibility for his father. Stronger than "Let the dead bury" or "Allow the dead to bury," it is more like "Give the dead no choice but to bury their own dead themselves." -* **the dead ... their own dead** - "The dead" is a metaphor for those outside God's kingdom, who do not have eternal life (see UDB; [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). "Their own dead" refers to the relatives of those outside the kingdom who literally die. +Jesus does not mean literally that dead people will bury other dead people. Possible meanings of "the dead": 1) it is a metaphor for those who will soon die, or 2) it is a metaphor for those who do not follow Jesus and are spiritually dead. The main point is that a disciple must not let anything delay him from following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/23.md b/mat/08/23.md index a3ce079662..2cf40195cc 100644 --- a/mat/08/23.md +++ b/mat/08/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Here the scene shifts to the account of Jesus calming a storm as he and his disciples cross the Sea of Galilee. -## translationNotes +# entered a boat -* This begins an account of Jesus calming a storm. -* **entered a boat ** - "Jesus got onto a boat" -* **his disciples followed him** - Try to use the same words for "disciple" and "follow" that you used in ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:08:21]]) and ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:08:21]]). -* **Behold** - This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **there arose a great storm on the sea** - "a great storm arose on the sea." -* **so that the boat was covered with the waves** - "so that the waves covered the boat." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **woke him up, saying, "Save us"** - They did not wake him up with the words "Save us." They first "woke him up" and then "said, 'Save us.'" -* **we are about to die** - "we are going to die" +"got onto a boat" + +# his disciples followed him + +Try to use the same words for "disciple" and "follow" that you used in ([Matthew 8:21-22](./21.md)). + +# Behold + +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of showing this. AT: "Suddenly" or "Without warning" + +# there arose a great storm on the sea + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a powerful storm arose on the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that the boat was covered with the waves + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the waves covered the boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# woke him up, saying, "Save us + +Possible meanings are 1) they first woke Jesus and then they said, "Save us" or 2) as they were waking Jesus up, they were saying "Save us." + +# us ... we + +If you need to translate these words as inclusive or exclusive, then inclusive is best. The disciples probably meant they wanted Jesus to save the disciples and himself from drowning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# we are about to die + +"we are going to die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/26.md b/mat/08/26.md index 2820bbe19f..4af85c174a 100644 --- a/mat/08/26.md +++ b/mat/08/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to them -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +"to the disciples" -## translationNotes +# Why are you afraid ... faith? -* This concludes the account of Jesus calming a storm. -* **them ** - the disciples -* **you ... you** - plural -* **Why are you afraid ...?** - Jesus was rebuking the disciples with this rhetorical question. It means "You should not be afraid" (see UDB) or "There is nothing for you to be afraid of." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you of little faith** - "You" is plural. Translate this the same way you translated the same words in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:06:30]]. -* **What sort of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him?** - This rhetorical question shows that the disciples were surprised. This can be translated as "Even the winds and the sea obey him! What sort of man is this?" or "This man is unlike any man we have ever seen! Even the wind and the waves obey him!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **even the winds and the sea obey him** - For people or animals to obey or disobey is not surprising, but for wind and water to obey is very surprising. This personification describes the natural elements as able to hear and respond like people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Jesus was rebuking the disciples with this rhetorical question. AT: "You should not be afraid ... faith!" or "There is nothing for you to be afraid of ... faith!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you of little faith + +"you who have such little faith." Jesus is scolding the people because they have little faith in God. See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:30](../06/30.md). + +# What sort of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him? + +"Even the winds and the sea obey him! What sort of man is this?" This rhetorical question shows that the disciples were surprised. AT: "This man is unlike any man we have ever seen! Even the wind and the waves obey him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# even the winds and the sea obey him + +For people or animals to obey or disobey is not surprising, but for wind and water to obey is very surprising. This personification describes the natural elements as being able to hear and respond like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/28.md b/mat/08/28.md index 1b4f029cb3..b5a610fd94 100644 --- a/mat/08/28.md +++ b/mat/08/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Here the author returns to the theme of Jesus healing people. This begins an account of Jesus healing two demon-possessed men. -## translationNotes +# to the other side -* This begins an account of Jesus' healing two men with demons. -* **to the other side** - "to the other side of the Sea of Galilee" -* **country of the Gadarenes ** - The Gadarenes were named for the town of Gadara. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they…were very violent, so that no traveler could pass that way** - The demons that held these two men were so dangerous that no one could go through that area. -* **Behold** - This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **What do we have to do with you, Son of God?** - This first rhetorical question is hostile (see UDB, [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **Son of God** - The demons use this title to show that Jesus is not welcome because of who he is. -* **Have you come here to torment us before the set time?** - This second rhetorical question is also hostile and means "You should not disobey God by punishing us before the specific time God has set when he will punish us." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"to the other side of the Sea of Galilee" + +# country of the Gadarenes + +The Gadarenes were named after the town of Gadara. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# two men who were possessed by demons + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "two men whom demons possessed" or "two men whom demons were controlling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They ... were very violent, so that no traveler could pass that way + +The demons that were controlling these two men were so dangerous that no one could go through that area. + +# Behold + +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of showing this. + +# What do we have to do with you, Son of God? + +The demons use a question but they are being hostile toward Jesus. AT: "Do not bother us, Son of God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus, which describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Have you come here to torment us before the set time? + +Again, the demons use a question in a hostile way. AT: "You should not disobey God by punishing us before the specific time God has set when he will punish us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/30.md b/mat/08/30.md index c6c1c2771d..bec062b3c7 100644 --- a/mat/08/30.md +++ b/mat/08/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:demon]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew tells background information about a herd of pigs that had been there before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# If you cast us out -* This continues the account of Jesus' healing two men with demons. -* **Now** - This shows that the author will tell the reader information he needs before the story can continue. The pigs had been there before Jesus arrived. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_events]]) -* **If you cast us out** - This can also mean "Since you are going to cast us out." -* **us** - exclusive (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **them ** - the demons inside the man -* **The demons came out and went into the pigs** - "The demons left the man and entered the animals." -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **rushed down the steep hill** - "ran quickly down the steep slope" -* **perished in the water** - "drowned" +It is implied that the demons knew that Jesus was going to cast them out. AT: "Because you are going to cast us out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# us + +This is exclusive, meaning the demons only. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# to them + +This refers to the demons inside the men. + +# The demons came out and went into the pigs + +"The demons left the man and entered the pigs" + +# behold + +This alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# rushed down the steep hill + +"ran quickly down the steep slope" + +# died in the water + +"they fell into the water and drowned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/33.md b/mat/08/33.md index 4ef7d2be0e..82b6a71133 100644 --- a/mat/08/33.md +++ b/mat/08/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demonpossessed]] +This concludes the account of Jesus healing two demon-possessed men. -## translationNotes +# tending the pigs -* This concludes the account of Jesus healing two men with demons. -* **The men who had been tending the pigs** - "the men who took care of the pigs" -* **what had happened to the men who were controlled by demons ** - what Jesus had done to the demon-controlled men. -* **Behold** - This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **all the city** - This would mean a many or most of the people, not necessarily every person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **region ** - "the city and the land near it" +"taking care of the pigs" + +# what had happened to the men who had been possessed by demons + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what Jesus did to help the men whom demons had controlled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Behold + +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of showing this. + +# all the city + +The word "city" is a metonym for the people of the city. The word "all" is probably an exaggeration to emphasize how very many people came out. Not necessarily every person came out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# their region + +"their area" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/intro.md b/mat/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d8053a8ede --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Matthew 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a new section. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Miracles ##### + +Jesus' miracles in this chapter appear to indicate that he had authority over things beyond human control. They also show that worship of Jesus is the proper response to his deeds. +(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/01.md b/mat/09/01.md index 39522df358..06773290cf 100644 --- a/mat/09/01.md +++ b/mat/09/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The writer returns to the theme, which he began in [Matthew 8:1](../08/01.md), of Jesus healing people. This begins an account of Jesus healing a paralyzed man. -## translationNotes +# Jesus entered a boat -* This begins an account of Jesus healing a paralyzed man. -* **Jesus entered a boat ** - The disciples probably went with Jesus (see UDB). -* **a boat** - Probably the same boat as in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:08:23]]. Specify only if you need to avoid confusion. -* **came into his own city** - "the city where he was staying" (UDB). -* **Behold** - This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **they...their** - those who brought the paralyzed man to Jesus. It may include the paralyzed man himself. -* **Son** - The man was not Jesus' real son. Jesus was speaking to him politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "My friend" or "Young man," or even omitted. -* **your sins have been forgiven** - "God has forgiven your sins" or "I have forgiven your sins" +It is implied that the disciples were with Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a boat + +This is probably the same boat as in [Matthew 8:23](../08/23.md). You only need to specify this if needed to avoid confusion. + +# into his own city + +"to the town where he lived." This refers to Capernaum. + +# Behold + +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of showing this. + +# they brought + +"some men from the city" + +# their faith + +This refers to the faith of the men and may also include the faith of the paralyzed man. + +# Son + +The man was not Jesus' real son. Jesus was speaking to him politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "My friend" or "Young man" or even omitted. + +# Your sins have been forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have forgiven your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/03.md b/mat/09/03.md index 606b99251c..8305f085f6 100644 --- a/mat/09/03.md +++ b/mat/09/03.md @@ -1,28 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## translationNotes +# among themselves -* This continues the account of Jesus' healing a paralyzed man. -* **Behold** - This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **among themselves** - This can mean either "to themselves," in their minds, or "to each other," using their mouths. -* Jesus was claiming to be able to do things the scribes thought only God can do. -* **knew their thoughts** - Jesus knew what they were thinking either supernaturally or because he could see them talking to each other. -* **Why are you thinking evil in your hearts?** - Jesus used this question to rebuke the scribes. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you…your** - plural -* **evil** - This is moral evil or wickedness, not simply error in fact. -* **which is easier…?** - Jesus asked this question to remind the scribes that they believed that the man was paralyzed because of his sins and that if his sins were forgiven, he would be able to walk, so that when he healed the paralyzed man, the scribes would know that he could forgive sins. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **which is easier to say, 'Your sins are forgiven' or to say 'Get up and walk'?** - "Is it easier to say, 'Your sins are forgiven'? or is it easier to say 'Get up and walk'?" -* **Your sins are forgiven** - This can mean 1) "I forgive your sins" (UDB) or 2) "God forgives your sins." The "your" is singular. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **But that you may know ** - "I will prove to you." The "you" is plural. -* **your…your** - singular -* **go to your house** - Jesus is not forbidding the man to go elsewhere. He is giving the man the opportunity to go home. +Possible meanings are 1) each one was thinking to himself, or 2) they were speaking among themselves. + +# blaspheming + +Jesus was claiming to be able to do things the scribes thought only God can do. + +# knew their thoughts + +Jesus knew what they were thinking either supernaturally or because he could see them talking to each other. + +# Why are you thinking evil in your hearts? + +Jesus used this question to rebuke the scribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# evil + +This is moral evil or wickedness, not simply error in fact. + +# in your hearts + +Here "hearts" refers to their minds or their thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For which is easier to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Get up and walk'? + +Jesus uses a question to challenge the scribes. He does not mean one action is harder for him than the other. He is reminding the scribes that they believe when God heals a person's body it means he has forgiven them of their sins. AT: "For you know it is just as easy to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' as it is to say, 'Get up and walk'." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# which is easier to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Get up and walk'? + +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "it is just as easy to tell a person his sins are forgiven as it is to tell him to get up and walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Your sins are forgiven + +Here "your" is singular. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have forgiven your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that you may know + +"I will prove to you." The "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your mat ... your house + +Here "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# go to your house + +Jesus is not forbidding the man to go elsewhere. He is giving the man the opportunity to go home. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/07.md b/mat/09/07.md index dff6ba90a6..ef9804ddc1 100644 --- a/mat/09/07.md +++ b/mat/09/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:matthew]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +This concludes the account of Jesus healing a paralyzed man. Jesus then calls a tax collector to be one of his disciples. -## translationNotes +# who had given -* This concludes the account of Jesus' healing a paralyzed man. Jesus then calls a tax collector to be one of his disciples. -* **praise** - Use the same word you used in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:15]]. -* **such authority** - the authority to declare sins forgiven -* **Matthew...him...he** - Church tradition says that this Matthew is the author of the Gospel, but the text gives no reason to change the pronouns from "him" and "he" to "me" and "I." -* **he said to him** - "Jesus said to Matthew" -* **As Jesus passed by from there** - This phrase is used here to mark the introduction to the incident that begins with "behold" in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:09:07]]. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **passed by** - Use a general term for going. It is not clear whether Jesus was moving uphill or downhill or toward Capernaum or away from it. -* **He got up and followed him** - "Matthew got up and followed Jesus" as a disciple (see UDB), not simply to Jesus' next destination. +"because he had given" + +# such authority + +This refers to the authority to declare sins forgiven. + +# As Jesus passed by from there + +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# passed by + +"was leaving" or "was going" + +# Matthew ... him ... He + +Church tradition says that this Matthew is the author of this Gospel, but the text gives no reason to change the pronouns from "him" and "He" to "me" and "I." + +# He said to him + +"Jesus said to Matthew" + +# He got up and followed him + +"Matthew got up and followed Jesus." This means Matthew became Jesus' disciple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/10.md b/mat/09/10.md index 8c28e2af5b..59e26c51b6 100644 --- a/mat/09/10.md +++ b/mat/09/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +These events occur at the house of Matthew the tax collector. -## translationNotes +# the house -* These events occur at the house of Matthew the tax collector. -* **the house** - This is probably Matthew's house (see UDB), but it could also be Jesus' house ("dined with Jesus and his disciples"). Specify only if needed to avoid confusion. -* **behold** - The word "behold" alerts us to these new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man who was…” -* **When the Pharisees saw it ** - "When the Pharisees saw that Jesus was eating with the tax collectors and sinful people" +This is probably Matthew's house, but it could also be Jesus' house. Specify only if needed to avoid confusion. + +# behold + +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# When the Pharisees saw it + +"When the Pharisees saw that Jesus was eating with the tax collectors and sinful people" + +# Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinful people? + +The Pharisees use this question to criticize what Jesus is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/12.md b/mat/09/12.md index 4f06b4aba8..374afb60a9 100644 --- a/mat/09/12.md +++ b/mat/09/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +These events occur at the house of Matthew the tax collector. -## translationNotes +# When Jesus heard this -* These events occur at the house of Matthew the tax collector. -* **When Jesus heard this ** - "this" refers to the question the Pharisees asked about Jesus' eating with tax collectors and sinners. -* **People who are strong in body ** - "people who are healthy." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **physician** - "doctor" (UDB) -* **people who are sick need one** - "people who are sick need a doctor" -* **You should go learn what this means** - "You should learn the meaning of this" -* **You should go ** - The pronoun "you" refers to the Pharisees. +Here "this" refers to the question the Pharisees asked about Jesus eating with tax collectors and sinners. + +# People who are strong in body do not need a physician, only those who are sick + +Jesus answers with a proverb. He means that he eats with these kinds of people because he has come to help sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# People who are strong in body + +"People who are healthy" + +# physician + +"doctor" + +# those who are sick + +The phrase "need a physician" is understood. AT: "people who are sick need a physician" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# You should go learn what this means + +Jesus is about to quote the scriptures. AT: "You should learn the meaning of what God said in the scriptures" + +# You should go + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I desire mercy and not sacrifice + +Jesus is quoting what the prophet Hosea wrote in the scriptures. Here, "I" refers to God. + +# For I came + +Here "I" refers to Jesus. + +# the righteous + +Jesus is using irony. He does not think there are any people who are righteous and do not need to repent. AT: "those who think they are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/14.md b/mat/09/14.md index 6e10b8646a..58e8c4b938 100644 --- a/mat/09/14.md +++ b/mat/09/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] +The disciples of John the Baptist question the fact that Jesus' disciples do not fast. -## translationNotes +# do not fast -* The disciples of John the Baptist question the fact that Jesus' disciples do not fast. -* **Can wedding attendants be sorrowful...them?** - No one would expect the wedding attendants to fast while the bridegroom was with them. (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **wedding attendants** - a metaphor for Jesus' disciples (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the bridegroom is still with them...when the bridegroom will be taken away** - The "bridegroom" is Jesus, who is still alive and so "is still with" his disciples. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the bridegroom will be taken away** - "someone will take the bridegroom away." This is a metaphor for being killed. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **be sorrowful** - "mourn...be sad" (UDB) +"continue to eat regularly" + +# Can wedding attendants be sorrowful while the bridegroom is still with them? + +Jesus uses a question to answer John's disciples. They all knew that people do not mourn and fast at a wedding celebration. Jesus uses this proverb to show that his disciples do not mourn because he is still there with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# the days + +The word "days" probably refers here to a period of time longer than just one day. + +# the bridegroom will be taken away from them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the bridegroom will not be able to be with them any longer" or "someone will take the bridegroom away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be taken away + +Jesus is probably referring to his own death, but this should not be made explicit here in the translation. To maintain the imagery of a wedding, it is best to just state that the bridegroom will not be there any longer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/16.md b/mat/09/16.md index 34398ebc9a..2d47f4d725 100644 --- a/mat/09/16.md +++ b/mat/09/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Jesus continues to answer the question that the disciples of John had asked. -## translationNotes +# No man puts a piece of new cloth on an old garment -* Jesus continues to answer the question asked by the disciples of John. -* **No man puts a piece of new cloth on an old garment** - People who know only the old traditions are not eager to accept new ones. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **garment ** - "clothing" -* **the patch** - "the piece of new cloth" used to cover the torn cloth +This proverb means that people who know only the old traditions are not eager to accept new ones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# garment + +"clothing" + +# the patch + +"the piece of new cloth." This is the piece of cloth used to cover a hole in the old garment. + +# a worse tear will be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this will make the tear worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/17.md b/mat/09/17.md index 2a05aa4128..e280309a5b 100644 --- a/mat/09/17.md +++ b/mat/09/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Jesus continues to answer the question that disciples of John had asked. -## translationNotes +# Neither do people put new wine into old wineskins -* Jesus continues to answer the question asked by the disciples of John. -* **Neither do people put new wine into old wineskins** - This is a metaphor or parable to answer the question of John's disciples, which was "Why do we and the Pharisees often fast, but your disciples do not fast?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Neither do people put ** - "neither does anyone pour" (UDB) or "people never put" -* **new wine** - "grape juice." This refers to wine that has not fermented yet. If grapes are unknown in your area, use the general term for fruit. -* **old wineskins** - This refers to wineskins that have been used many times. -* **wineskins ** - These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "skin bags" (UDB). -* **the skins will burst** - When the new wine ferments and expands, they would tear open because they could no longer stretch out. -* **destroyed** - "ruined" (UDB) -* **fresh wineskins ** - "new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to wineskins that have never been used. +Jesus uses another proverb to answer John's disciples. This means the same as the proverb in [Matthew 9:16](./16.md). + +# Neither do people put + +"Neither does anyone pour" or "People never put" + +# new wine + +This refers to wine that has not fermented yet. If grapes are unknown in your area, use the general term for fruit. AT: "grape juice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# old wineskins + +This refers to wineskins that have been used many times. + +# wineskins + +"wine bags" or "skin bags." These were bags made out of animal skins. + +# the wine will be spilled, and the wineskins will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and this will ruin the wineskin and spill the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the skins will burst + +When the new wine ferments and expands, the skins tear open because they can no longer stretch out. + +# fresh wineskins + +"new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to wineskins that no one has used. + +# both will be preserved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this will keep safe both the wineskin and the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/18.md b/mat/09/18.md index df9b1ee5e0..59034d592f 100644 --- a/mat/09/18.md +++ b/mat/09/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +This begins an account of Jesus bringing to life the daughter of a Jewish official after she had died. -## translationNotes +# these things -* This begins an account of Jesus' miraculously healing the daughter of a Jewish official. -* **these things ** - This refers to the answer Jesus gave John's disciples about fasting. -* **behold** - The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **bowed down to him ** - This is a way someone would show respect in Jewish culture. -* **come and lay your hand on her, and she will live** - This shows that the Jewish official believed Jesus had the power to bring his daughter back to life. -* **his disciples** - Jesus' disciples. +This refers to the answer Jesus gave John's disciples about fasting. + +# behold + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# bowed down to him + +This is a way someone would show respect in Jewish culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# come and lay your hand on her, and she will live + +This shows that the Jewish official believed Jesus had the power to bring his daughter back to life. + +# his disciples + +"Jesus' disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/20.md b/mat/09/20.md index 8d2b69ce04..2e559e0115 100644 --- a/mat/09/20.md +++ b/mat/09/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +This describes how Jesus healed another woman while he was on the way to the Jewish official's house. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* This describes how Jesus healed another woman while on the way to heal the daughter of the Jewish official. -* **Behold** - The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **had severe bleeding ** - "had a severe flow of blood." She was probably bleeding from her womb even when it was not the normal time for it. Some cultures may have a polite way of referring to this condition. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **If I only touch his garment, I will be made well ** - She did not believe the garment would heal her. She believed Jesus would heal her. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **garment ** - "robe" -* **But** - "Instead." What the woman hoped would happen did not happen. -* **Daughter** - The woman was not Jesus' real daughter. Jesus was speaking to her politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "Young woman" or even omitted. +The word "Behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# who suffered from a discharge of blood + +"who had been bleeding" or "who frequently had a flow of blood." She was probably bleeding from her womb even when it was not the normal time for it. Some cultures may have a polite way of referring to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# twelve years + +"12 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# garment + +"robe" + +# For she had said to herself, "If only I touch his clothes, I will be made well." + +She thought this before she touched Jesus. You can put this statement earlier as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# If only I touch his clothes + +According to Jewish law, because she was bleeding she was not supposed to touch anyone. She touches his clothes so that Jesus' power would heal her and yet (she thought) he would not know that she touched him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But + +"Instead." What the woman hoped would happen did not happen. + +# Daughter + +The woman was not Jesus' real daughter. Jesus was speaking to her politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "Young woman" or even omitted. + +# your faith has made you well + +"because you believed in me, I will heal you" + +# the woman was healed from that hour + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus healed her at that moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/23.md b/mat/09/23.md index f62f98b67e..0bb538ce1a 100644 --- a/mat/09/23.md +++ b/mat/09/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:mock]] +This returns to the account of Jesus bringing the daughter of the Jewish official back to life. -## translationNotes +# official's house -* This continues the account of Jesus healing the daughter of the Jewish official. -* **official's house** - This is the Jewish leader's house. -* **flute** - This is a long hollow musical instrument, which is played by blowing air in or over one end. -* **flute-players** - players** - "people who play flutes" -* **Go away** - Jesus was speaking to many people, so use the plural command form if your language has it. -* **the girl is not dead, but sleeps ** - Jesus is using the image of sleep because her death would only be for a short time, as he knew he was going to raise her from the dead. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is the Jewish leader's house. + +# the flute players and the crowds making much noise + +This is a common way to mourn for someone who has died. + +# flute players + +"people who play flutes" + +# Go away + +Jesus was speaking to many people, so use the plural command form if your language has one. + +# the girl is not dead, but she is asleep + +Jesus is using a play on words. It was common in Jesus' day to refer to a dead person as one who "sleeps." But here the dead girl will get up, as though she had only been sleeping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/25.md b/mat/09/25.md index f9ef4d6b2e..1369b1b771 100644 --- a/mat/09/25.md +++ b/mat/09/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +This completes the account of Jesus bringing the daughter of the Jewish official back to life. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This completes the account of Jesus' healing the daughter of the Jewish official. -* **When the crowd had been put outside** - "After Jesus had sent the crowd outside" or "After the family had sent the people outside" -* **got up** - "got out of bed." This is the same idea as in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:08:14]]. -* **The news about this spread into all that region** - This personification means that the news spread because the people told it to other people. "The people of that whole region heard about it" (UDB) or "The people who saw that the girl was alive started telling everyone in the whole area about it." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Verse 26 is a summary statement that describes the result of Jesus raising this girl from the dead. + +# When the crowd had been put outside + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After Jesus had sent the crowd outside" or "After the family had sent the people outside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# got up + +"got out of bed." This is the same meaning as in [Matthew 8:15](../08/14.md). + +# The news about this spread into all that region + +"The people of that whole region heard about it" or "The people who saw that the girl was alive started telling everyone in the whole area about it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/27.md b/mat/09/27.md index 3b46ec448c..fbaf79f831 100644 --- a/mat/09/27.md +++ b/mat/09/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +This begins the account of Jesus healing two blind men. -## translationNotes +# As Jesus passed by from there -* This begins the account of Jesus healing two blind men. -* **As Jesus passed by from there** - Jesus was leaving the region. -* **passed by** - It is not clear whether Jesus was moving uphill or downhill. Use a general term for going. -* **Son of David** - Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "Descendant of David" (UDB). However, "Son of David" is also a title given to the Messiah (see [[:en:bible:notes:mat:21:09]]), and the men were probably calling Jesus by this title. -* **When Jesus had come into the house** - This could be either Jesus' own house (UDB) or the house in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:09:10]]. -* **Yes, Lord** - "Yes, Lord, we believe you can heal us." +As Jesus was leaving the region + +# passed by + +"was leaving" or "was going" + +# followed him + +This means they were walking behind Jesus, not necessarily that they had become his disciples. + +# Have mercy on us + +It is implied that they wanted Jesus to heal them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Son of David + +Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "Descendant of David." However, "Son of David" is also a title for the Messiah, and the men were probably calling Jesus by this title. + +# When Jesus had come into the house + +This could be either Jesus' own house or the house in [Matthew 9:10](./10.md). + +# Yes, Lord + +The full content of their answer is not stated, but it is understood. AT: "Yes, Lord, we believe you can heal us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/29.md b/mat/09/29.md index 2a1148c307..48f5c596eb 100644 --- a/mat/09/29.md +++ b/mat/09/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# touched their eyes and said -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +It is not clear whether he touched both men's eyes at the same time or used only his right hand to touch one then the other. As the left hand was customarily used for unclean purposes, it is most likely that he used only his right hand. It is also not clear whether he spoke as he was touching them or touched them first and then spoke to them. -## translationNotes +# Let it be done to you according to your faith -* This completes the account of Jesus healing two blind men. -* **touched their eyes and said** - It is not clear whether he touched both men's eyes at the same time or used only his right hand to touch one then the other. As the left hand was customarily used for unclean purposes, it is most likely that he used only his right hand. It is also not clear whether he spoke as he was touching them or touched them first and then spoke to them. -* **their eyes were opened** - "God healed their eyes" or "the two blind men were able to see" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **But** - "Instead." The men did not do what Jesus told them to do. -* **spread the news** - "told many people what had happened to them" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will do as you have believed" or "Because you believe, I will heal you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their eyes were opened + +This means they were able to see. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God healed their eyes" or "the two blind men were able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# See that no one knows about this + +Here "See" means "be sure." AT: "Be sure no one finds out about this" or "Do not tell anyone that I healed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But + +"Instead." The men did not do what Jesus told them to do. + +# spread the news + +"told many people what had happened to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/32.md b/mat/09/32.md index dd6668769d..3fbff306c1 100644 --- a/mat/09/32.md +++ b/mat/09/32.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demonpossessed]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +This is the account of Jesus healing a demon-possessed man who could not speak and how people responded. -## translationNotes +# behold -* This continues the account of Jesus healing people in his hometown. -* **behold** - The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **mute** - not able to talk -* **the mute man spoke** - "the mute man began to speak" or "the man who had been mute spoke" or "the man, who was no longer mute, spoke" -* **The crowds were astonished** - "The people were amazed" -* **This has never been seen** - This can mean "this has ever happened" or "no one has ever done anything like this." -* **he drives out demons** - "he forces demons to leave." The pronoun "he" refers to Jesus. +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# a mute man ... was brought to Jesus + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone brought a mute man ... to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mute + +not able to talk + +# possessed by a demon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom a demon had possessed" or "whom a demon was controlling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When the demon had been driven out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After Jesus had forced the demon out" or "After Jesus had commanded the demon to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the mute man spoke + +"the mute man began to speak" or "the man who had been mute spoke" or "the man, who was no longer mute, spoke" + +# The crowds were astonished + +"The people were amazed" + +# This has never been seen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This has never happened before" or "No one has ever done anything like this before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he drives out demons + +"he forces demons to leave" + +# he drives + +The pronoun "he" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/35.md b/mat/09/35.md index 3286256832..73c3afb7e9 100644 --- a/mat/09/35.md +++ b/mat/09/35.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +Verse 35 is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 8:1](../08/01.md) about Jesus' healing ministry in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This section summarizes the teaching, preaching and healing ministry of Jesus in the region of Galilee. -* **all the cities** - "many of the cities." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **cities...villages** - "large villages...small villages" or "large towns...small towns" -* **all kinds of disease and all kinds of sickness ** - "every disease and every sickness." The words "disease" and "sickness" are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. "Disease" is what causes a person to be sick. "Sickness" is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease. -* **they were like sheep without a shepherd** - "the people did not have a leader" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Verse 36 begins a new part of the story where Jesus teaches his disciples and sends them to preach and heal as he has done. + +# all the cities + +The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize how very many cities Jesus went to. He did not necessarily go to every one of them. AT: "many of the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# cities ... villages + +"large villages ... small villages" or "large towns ... small towns" + +# the gospel of the kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. See how you translated this in [Matthew 4:23](../04/23.md). + +# all kinds of disease and all kinds of sickness + +"every disease and every sickness." The words "disease" and "sickness" are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. "Disease" is what causes a person to be sick. "Sickness" is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease. + +# They were like sheep without a shepherd + +This simile means they did not have a leader to take care of them. AT: "The people did not have a leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/37.md b/mat/09/37.md index c57c1bb8bf..0a7651095a 100644 --- a/mat/09/37.md +++ b/mat/09/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Jesus uses a proverb about harvesting to tell his disciples how they should respond to the needs of the crowds mentioned in the previous section. -## translationNotes +# The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few -* Jesus uses a figure of speech about harvesting to tell his disciples how they should respond to the needs of the crowds in the previous section. -* **The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few** - This metaphor compares the great number of people who will believe in God and be added to his kingdom to food growing in a field, and those who tell others about God to the laborers. The point of the metaphor is that there are too few people to tell the many people about God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **harvest** - "collection of ripe food" -* **laborers** - "workers" -* **pray to the Lord of the harvest** - "pray to the Lord. He is in charge of the harvest." +Jesus uses a proverb to respond to what he is seeing. Jesus means there are a lot of people who are ready to believe God but only few people to teach them God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# The harvest is plentiful + +"There is plenty of ripe food for someone to collect" + +# laborers + +"workers" + +# pray to the Lord of the harvest + +"pray to God, because he is in charge of the harvest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/intro.md b/mat/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a80010a05f --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Matthew 09 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +There are many different figures of speech in this chapter. It was also common for Jesus to use analogies and metaphors in his teaching. His way of teaching was intended to encourage faith in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "And," "but" ##### +Some English translations begin many sentences in this chapter with the word "and" or "but" to indicate a sequence of events in the narrative. The ULB usually eliminates these words because the context of the narrative itself indicates that the events occur in sequence. It is acceptable to add these words if it is helpful in your translation. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/01.md b/mat/10/01.md index 77969e0e5b..edeeca35aa 100644 --- a/mat/10/01.md +++ b/mat/10/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +This begins an account of Jesus sending out his twelve disciples to do his work. -## translationNotes +# called his twelve disciples together -* This begins an account of Jesus' sending out his twelve apostles to do his work. -* **called his twelve disciples together ** - "summoned his twelve disciples" -* **gave them authority** - Be sure that the text clearly communicates that this authority was 1) to drive out unclean spirits and 2) to heal disease and sickness. -* **drive them out ** - "make the unclean spirits leave" -* **all kinds of disease and all kinds of sickness ** - "every disease and every sickness." The words "disease" and "sickness" are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. "Disease" is what causes a person to be sick. "Sickness" is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease. +"summoned his 12 disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# gave them authority + +Be sure that the text clearly communicates that this authority was 1) to drive out unclean spirits and 2) to heal disease and sickness. + +# to drive them out + +"to make the unclean spirits leave" + +# all kinds of disease and all kinds of sickness + +"every disease and every sickness." The words "disease" and "sickness" are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. "Disease" is what causes a person to be sick. "Sickness" is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/02.md b/mat/10/02.md index 7f945f38e9..161d0c98b1 100644 --- a/mat/10/02.md +++ b/mat/10/02.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:andrew]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofalphaeus]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:matthew]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:philip]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] -* [[en:tw:thomas]] +Here the author provides the names of the twelve apostles as background information. -## translationNotes +# Now -* This continues the account of Jesus' sending out his twelve apostles to do his work that began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:01]]. -* **first** - in order, not in rank -* **the Zealot** - Possible meanings are 1) "the Zealot" or 2) “the zealous one." The first meaning indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Alternative translation: “the patriot” or “the nationalist” or "the freedom fighter." The second meaning indicates that he was zealous for God to be honored. Alternative translation: “passionate.” -* **Matthew the tax collector** - "Matthew, who had been a tax collector" -* **who would betray him** - "who would betray Jesus" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew tells background information about the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# twelve apostles + +This is the same group as the "twelve disciples" in [Matthew 10:1](./01.md). + +# first + +This is first in order, not in rank. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the Zealot + +Possible meanings are 1) "the Zealot" is a title that indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. AT: "patriot" or "nationalist" or 2) "the zealous one" is a description that indicates he was zealous for God to be honored. AT: "passionate" + +# Matthew the tax collector + +"Matthew, who was a tax collector" + +# who would betray him + +"who would betray Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/05.md b/mat/10/05.md index f0fcf05e9e..d4465a42bb 100644 --- a/mat/10/05.md +++ b/mat/10/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +Here Jesus begins to give instructions to his disciples about what they should do and expect when they go to preach. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This continues the account of Jesus' sending out his twelve apostles to do his work. -* **These twelve Jesus sent out** - "Jesus sent out these twelve men" or "It was these twelve men whom Jesus sent out" -* **sent out** - Jesus sent them out for a particular purpose. "Sent out" is the verbal form of the noun "apostles" that is used in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:01]]. -* **he instructed them ** - "he told them what they needed to do." This could be translated "he commanded them." -* **lost sheep of the house of Israel** - This is a metaphor comparing the entire nation of Israel to sheep who have strayed away from their shepherd (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **house of Israel** - This expression refers to the nation of Israel. It may be translated as “people of Israel” or "descendants of Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **And as you go ** - The pronoun "you" refers to the twelve apostles. -* **The kingdom of heaven has drawn near** - You should translate this the same way you translated the same idea in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:03:01]]. +Although verse 5 begins by saying that he sent out the twelve, Jesus gave these instructions before he sent them out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# These twelve Jesus sent out + +"Jesus sent out these twelve men" or "It was these twelve men whom Jesus sent out" + +# sent out + +Jesus sent them out for a particular purpose. + +# He instructed them + +"He told them what they needed to do" or "He commanded them" + +# lost sheep of the house of Israel + +This is a metaphor comparing the entire nation of Israel to sheep who have strayed from their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# house of Israel + +This refers to the nation of Israel. AT: "people of Israel" or "descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as you go + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# The kingdom of heaven has come near + +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use the word "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "Our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/08.md b/mat/10/08.md index c39ec295f6..727e1cf4e8 100644 --- a/mat/10/08.md +++ b/mat/10/08.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about what they should do when they go to preach. -## translationNotes +# you ... your -* This continues the account of Jesus sending out his twelve apostles to do his work that began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:01]]. -* **you...your** - the twelve apostles -* **Acquire no gold, silver, nor brass** - "Do not acquire gold, silver, or brass" -* **Acquire** - "Get," Receive," or "Take" -* **gold, silver, nor brass** - These are metals out of which coins were made. This list is a metonym for money, so if the metals are unknown in your area, translate the list as "money" (see UDB). -* **purses ** - This means "belts" or "money-belts," but it can refer to whatever might be used to carry money. A belt is a long strip of cloth or leather worn around the waist. It was often wide enough that it could be folded and used to carry money. -* **traveling bag ** - This could either be any bag used to carry things on a journey, or a bag used by someone to collect food or money. -* **two tunics** - Use the same word you used for "tunic" in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:05:40]]. -* **laborer** - "worker" -* **food** - "what he needs" +These are plural and refer to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Freely you have received, freely give + +There is information here that is not stated, but it is understood. AT: "I helped you and taught you God's truth for free. Therefore, you should not make other people pay for you to help them or to teach them God's truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# gold, silver, or copper + +These are metals out of which coins were made. This list is a metonym for money, so if the metals are unknown in your area, translate the list as "money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# purses + +This means "belts" or "money belts," but it can refer to whatever might be used to carry money. A belt is a long strip of cloth or leather worn around the waist. It was often wide enough that it could be folded and used to carry money. + +# traveling bag + +This could either be any bag used to carry things on a journey, or a bag used by someone to collect food or money. + +# an extra tunic + +Use the same word you used for "tunic" in [Matthew 5:40](../05/40.md). + +# laborer + +"worker" + +# his food + +Here "food" refers to anything a person needs. AT: "what he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/11.md b/mat/10/11.md index 77ee1f8bef..4f142192bc 100644 --- a/mat/10/11.md +++ b/mat/10/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about what they should do when they go out to preach. -## translationNotes +# you ... your -* This continues the account of Jesus sending out his twelve apostles to do his work that began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:01]]. -* **you...your ** - These pronouns refer to the twelve apostles. -* **Whatever city or village you enter ** - "Whenever you enter a city or village" or "Every city or village you go into" -* **city...village** - "large village...small village" or "large town...small town." These are the same words as in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:09:35]]. -* **stay there until you leave** - "stay in that person's house until you leave the town or village" -* **As you enter into the house, greet it** - "As you enter into the house, greet the people who live in it." A common greeting in those days was "Peace be to this house!" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the house is worthy** - "the people who live in that house receive you well" (UDB) or "the people who live in that house treat you well" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **let your peace come upon it** - "let peace come upon it" or "the people who live in that house will live in peace" (See UDB) -* **your peace ** - the peace the apostles are to ask God to bring upon the people in the house -* **if it is not worthy** - "if they do not receive you well" (UDB) or "if they do not treat you well" -* **let your peace come back to you** - This could have one of two meanings 1) If the household was not worthy, then God would hold back peace or blessings from that household, as expressed in the UDB, or 2) if the household was not worthy, then the apostles were supposed to do something, such as asking God not to honor their greeting of peace. If your language has a similar meaning of taking back a greeting or its effects, that should be used here. +These are plural and refer to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Whatever city or village you enter + +"Whenever you enter a city or village" or "Every city or village you go into" + +# city ... village + +"large village ... small village" or "large town ... small town." See how you translated this in [Matthew 9:35](../09/35.md). + +# worthy ... not worthy + +In 10:11-13 a "worthy" person refers to a person who is willing to welcome the disciples. Jesus compares this person to one who is "not worthy," a person who does not welcome the disciples. + +# stay there until you leave + +The full meaning of the statement can be made explicit. AT: "stay in that person's house until you leave the town or village" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As you enter into the house, greet it + +The phrase "greet it" means greet the house. A common greeting in those days was "Peace be to this house!" Here "house" refers to the people who live in the house. AT: "As you enter into the house, greet the people who live in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house is worthy + +Here "house" refers to those who live in the house. AT: "the people who live in that house receive you well" or "the people who live in that house treat you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let your peace come upon it + +The word "it" means the house. Here "house" refers to the people who live in the house. AT: "let peace come upon it" or "the people who live in that house will live in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your peace + +This is the peace the apostles are to ask God to bring upon the people in the house. + +# if it is not worthy + +The word "it" means the house. Here "house" refers to the people who live in the house. AT: "if they do not receive you well" or "if they do not treat you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let your peace come back to you + +Possible meanings are 1) if the household was not worthy, then God would hold back peace or blessings from that household or 2) if the household was not worthy, then the apostles were supposed to do something, such as asking God not to honor their greeting of peace. If your language has a similar meaning of taking back a greeting or its effects, that should be used here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/14.md b/mat/10/14.md index e10404ef41..47757362c0 100644 --- a/mat/10/14.md +++ b/mat/10/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:judgmentday]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about what they should do when they go to preach. -## translationNotes +# As for those who do not receive you or listen -* This continues the account of Jesus sending out his twelve apostles to do his work that began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:01]]. -* **As for those who do not receive you or listen** - "If no people in that town will receive you or listen" -* **you…your ** - the twelve apostles -* **listen to your words ** - "listen to your message" (UDB) or "listen to what you have to say" -* **city** - You should translate this the same way you did in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:11]]. -* **shake off the dust from your feet ** - "shake the dust of that house or city off your feet." This is a sign that God had rejected the people of that house or city (see UDB). -* **It shall be more tolerable** - "The suffering shall be less" -* **the land of Sodom and Gomorrah ** - "the people who lived in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah," whom God destroyed with fire sent from heaven (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **that city** - the people in the city that does not receive the apostles or listen to their message (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"If no people in that house or city will receive you or listen" + +# you ... your + +This is plural and refers to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# listen to your words + +Here "words" refers to what the disciples say. AT: "listen to your message" or "listen to what you have to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# city + +You should translate this the same way you did in [Matthew 10:11](./11.md). + +# shake off the dust from your feet + +"shake the dust off your feet as you leave." This is a sign that God has rejected the people of that house or city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# it shall be more tolerable + +"the suffering shall be less" + +# the land of Sodom and Gomorrah + +This refers to the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah. AT: "the people who lived in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that city + +This refers to the people in the city that does not receive the apostles or listen to their message. AT: "the people of the city that does not receive you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/16.md b/mat/10/16.md index 95e305ec59..47adbf84c8 100644 --- a/mat/10/16.md +++ b/mat/10/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wolf]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples. Here he begins to tell them about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach. -## translationNotes +# See -* Jesus begins to tell his twelve apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him. -* **Behold** - The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternative translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” (see UDB). -* **I send you out ** - Jesus is sending them out for a particular purpose. -* **as sheep in the midst of wolves ** - Jesus compares the disciples he is sending out to defenseless animals going to where wild animals are likely to attack them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **as sheep** - defenseless (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **in the midst of wolves** - You can specify the simile as "among people who are like dangerous wolves" or "among people who act the way dangerous animals act," or state the point of similarity, "among people who will attack you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **be as wise as serpents and harmless as doves ** - It might be better not to state the similes: "act with understanding and caution, as well as with innocence and virtue." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Be on your guard against people, for they will deliver you up** - "Beware, because people will deliver you up." -* **Be on your guard against** - "Watch out for" or "Be alert for" or "Be very careful about" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **deliver you up to** - This is the word for what Judas did to Jesus (see UDB). Alternative translation: "betray you to" or "give you up to" or "have you arrested and tried by." -* **councils ** - The meaning here is local religious leaders or elders who together keep peace in the community. Alternative translation: "courts." -* **whip you** - "beat you with a whip" -* **you will be brought** - "they will bring you" or "they will drag you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for my sake** - "because you belong to me" (UDB) or "because you follow me" -* **to them and to the Gentiles** - The pronoun "them" refers either to the "governors and kings" or to the Jewish accusers (10:17). +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I send you out + +Jesus is sending them out for a particular purpose. + +# as sheep in the midst of wolves + +Sheep are defenseless animals that wolves often attack. Jesus is stating that the people may harm the disciples. AT: "as sheep among people who are like dangerous wolves" or "as sheep among people who act the way dangerous animals act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# be as wise as serpents and harmless as doves + +Jesus is telling the disciples they must be cautious and harmless among the people. If comparing the disciples to serpents or doves is confusing, it might be better not to state the similes. AT: "act with understanding and caution, as well as with innocence and virtue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Watch out for people! They will + +You can translate with "because" to show how these two statements relate. AT: "Watch out for people because they will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# deliver you up to + +"betray you to" or "give you up to" or "have you arrested and tried by" + +# councils + +"courts." These are local religious leaders or elders who together keep peace in the community. + +# whip you + +"beat you with a whip" + +# you will be brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will bring you" or "they will drag you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for my sake + +"because you belong to me" or "because you follow me" + +# to them and to the Gentiles + +The pronoun "them" refers either to the "governors and kings" or to the Jewish accusers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/19.md b/mat/10/19.md index b0d8d6af1b..f2a6cb93b1 100644 --- a/mat/10/19.md +++ b/mat/10/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach. -## translationNotes +# When they deliver you up -* Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **When they deliver you up ** - "When people deliver you up." The "people" here are the same "people" as in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **deliver you up** - Translate this the way you translated "deliver you up" in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **you** - The pronouns "you" and "your" throughout this passage refers to the twelve apostles. -* **do not be anxious ** - "do not worry" -* **how or what you will speak ** - "how you are to speak or what you are to say." The two ideas may be combined: "what you are to say." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **in that hour** - "at that time" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the Spirit of your Father** - If necessary, this can be translated "the Spirit of God your heavenly Father" or a footnote added to the text to make clear that this refers to God the Holy Spirit and not to the spirit of an earthly father. -* **in you ** - "through you" +"When people give you over to the councils." The "people" here are the same "people" as in [Matthew 10:17](./16.md). + +# you ... your + +These are plural and refer to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# do not be anxious + +"do not worry" + +# how or what you will speak + +"how you are to speak or what you are to say." The two ideas may be combined: "what you are to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# for what to say will be given to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the Holy Spirit will tell you what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in that hour + +Here "hour" means "right then." AT: "right then" or "at that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Spirit of your Father + +If necessary, this can be translated as "the Spirit of God your heavenly Father" or a footnote can be added to make it clear that this refers to God the Holy Spirit and not to the spirit of an earthly father. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in you + +"through you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/21.md b/mat/10/21.md index 8e37975be5..a6c8b9f6d8 100644 --- a/mat/10/21.md +++ b/mat/10/21.md @@ -1,25 +1,67 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach. -## translationNotes +# Brother will deliver up brother to death, and a father his child -* Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **Brother will deliver up brother to death, and a father his child** - AT: "Brothers will deliver up their brothers to death, and fathers will deliver up their children to death." -* **deliver up** - You should translate this the same way you translated "deliver...up" in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **rise up against ** - "rebel against" (UDB) or "turn against" -* **and cause them to be put to death ** - "and have them put to death" or "and have the authorities put them to death" -* **You will be hated by everyone** - AT: "Everyone will hate you" or "All people will hate you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You...you...you...You** - the twelve apostles -* **because of my name** - "because of me" or "because you trust in me" (UDB) -* **whoever endures** - "whoever stays faithful" -* **that person will be saved** - AT: "God will deliver that person." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **flee to the next** - "flee to the next city" -* **has come ** - "arrives" +The phrase "a father his child" can be translated as a complete sentence. AT: "Brothers will deliver up their brothers to death, and fathers will deliver up their children to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# deliver up + +"betray" or "give up." See how you translated this in [Matthew 10:17](./16.md). + +# to death + +The abstract noun "death" can be translated in a concrete, more detailed way. AT: "to the courts so that the authorities can execute them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# rise up against + +"rebel against" or "turn against" + +# cause them to be put to death + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "have them put to death" or "have the authorities execute them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will be hated by everyone + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Everyone will hate you" or "All people will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You + +This is plural and refers to the twelve disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# because of my name + +Here "name" refers to the entire person. AT: "because of me" or "because you trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whoever endures + +"whoever stays faithful" + +# to the end + +It is not clear whether the "end" means when a person dies, when the persecution ends, or the end of the age when God shows himself to be king. The main point is that they endure as long as necessary. + +# that person will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will deliver that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in this city + +Here "this" does not refer to a specific city. AT: "in one city" + +# flee to the next + +"flee to the next city" + +# truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# has come + +"arrives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/24.md b/mat/10/24.md index f0ad507b8c..fca1e1d7f4 100644 --- a/mat/10/24.md +++ b/mat/10/24.md @@ -1,24 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beelzebul]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach. -## translationNotes +# A disciple is not greater than his teacher, nor a servant above his master -* Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **A disciple is not greater than his teacher** - This is a statement of general truth, not a statement about any particular disciple and teacher. A disciple "is not more important" than his teacher. This may be because he "does not know more" or "has no higher rank" or "is no better" than his teacher. Alternative translation: "A disciple is always less important than his teacher" or "A teacher is always more important than his disciple." -* **nor a servant above his master** - "and a servant is not above his master." This is a statement of general truth, not a statement about any particular master and slave. A servant is not "greater" or "more important" than his master. Alternative translation: "and a servant is always less important than his master" or "and a master is always more important than his servant." -* **servant** - "slave" -* **master** - "owner" -* **It is enough for the disciple that he should be like his teacher ** - "The disciple should be satisfied with being like his teacher." -* **be like his teacher ** - "know as much as his teacher knows" or "be the same as his teacher." -* **and the servant like his master** - "and the servant should be satisfied to be only as important as his master" -* **If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much more them of his household ** - Jesus was being mistreated, so the disciples of Jesus should expect to be treated the same or worse (see UDB). -* **If they have called** - Alternative translation: "Since people have called." -* **the master of the house ** - Jesus is using "the master of the house" as a metaphor for himself. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Beelzebul ** - This word from the original language can either be 1) transcribed directly as "Beelzebul" or 2) translated with its intended meaning of "Satan." -* **them of his household ** - Jesus is using "them of his household" as a metaphor for his disciples. +Jesus is using a proverb to teach his disciples a general truth. Jesus is emphasizing that the disciples should not expect people to treat them any better than the people treat Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# A disciple is not greater than his teacher + +"A disciple is always less important than his teacher" or "A teacher is always more important than his disciple" + +# nor a servant above his master + +"and a servant is always less important than his master" or "and a master is always more important than his servant" + +# It is enough for the disciple that he should be like his teacher + +"The disciple should be satisfied to become like his teacher" + +# be like his teacher + +If necessary, you can make explicit how the disciple becomes like the teacher. AT: "know as much as his teacher knows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the servant like his master + +If necessary, you can make explicit how the servant becomes like the master. AT: "the servant should be satisfied to become only as important as his master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If they have called the master ... how much worse ... they call ... the members of his household + +Again Jesus is emphasizing that since people have mistreated him, his disciples should expect people to treat them the same or worse. + +# how much worse would be the names they call the members of his household + +"the names that they call the members of his household will certainly be much worse" or "they will certainly call the members of his household much worse names" + +# If they have called + +"Since people have called" + +# the master of the house + +Jesus is using this as a metaphor for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Beelzebul + +This name can either be 1) transcribed directly as "Beelzebul" or 2) translated with its original, intended meaning of "Satan." + +# his household + +This is a metaphor for Jesus' disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/26.md b/mat/10/26.md index 12993429aa..747b06d05e 100644 --- a/mat/10/26.md +++ b/mat/10/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach. -## translationNotes +# do not fear them -* Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **do not fear them** - The pronoun "them" refers to the people who mistreat followers of Jesus. -* **there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed, and nothing hidden that will not be known** - This parallelism can also be translated as "God will reveal the things that people hide." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **What I tell you in the darkness, say in the daylight, and what you hear softly in your ear, proclaim upon the housetops** - This parallelism can also be translated as "Tell people in the daylight what I tell you in the darkness, and proclaim upon the housetops what you hear softly in your ear." -* **What I tell you in the darkness** - "What I say to you secretly" (UDB) or "The things I am telling you privately" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **say in the daylight** - "say it openly" or "say it publicly" (see UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **what you hear softly in your ear** - "what I whisper to you." -* **proclaim upon the housetops** - "say it with a loud voice for all to hear." Housetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people far away would be able to hear anyone speaking with a loud voice. +Here "them" refers to the people who mistreat followers of Jesus. + +# there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed, and nothing hidden that will not be known + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that God will make all things known. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will reveal the things that people hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What I tell you in the darkness, say in the daylight, and what you hear softly in your ear, proclaim upon the housetops + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that the disciples should tell everyone what he tells the disciples in private. AT: "Tell people in the daylight what I tell you in the darkness, and proclaim upon the housetops what you hear softly in your ear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# What I tell you in the darkness + +Here "darkness" means "in private." AT: "What I say to you secretly" or "The things I am telling you privately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# say in the daylight + +Here "daylight" means "in public." AT: "say openly" or "say publicly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what you hear softly in your ear + +This is a way of referring to whispering. AT: "what I whisper to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# proclaim upon the housetops + +Housetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people far away could hear anyone speaking with a loud voice. Here "housetops" refers to any place where all people can hear. AT: "speak loudly in a public place for all to hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/28.md b/mat/10/28.md index 303fb7d3cd..e479b6d2ee 100644 --- a/mat/10/28.md +++ b/mat/10/28.md @@ -1,24 +1,63 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go to preach. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but are unable to kill the soul** - "Do not be afraid of people. They can kill the body, but they cannot kill the soul." -* **kill the body** - cause physical death. If these words are awkward, they can be translated as "kill you" or "kill other people." -* **body** - the part of a person that can be touched -* **kill the soul** - harm people after they have died -* **soul** - the part of a person that cannot be touched and that lives on after the physical body dies -* **Are not two sparrows sold for a small coin ** - This rhetorical question can be translated as "Think about the sparrows. They have so little value that you can buy two of them for only one small coin" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **sparrows ** - These very small, seed-eating birds are used as a metaphor for things that people do not think are important. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a small coin** - This is often translated as the smallest coin in the target language. It refers to a copper coin worth about one-sixteenth of a day's wage for a laborer. It can also be translated "very little money." -* **not one of them falls to the ground without your Father's knowledge** - This expression can be translated "even one of them falls to the ground only if your Father knows about it" or "only if your Father knows about it does even one of them fall to the ground" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **not one of them ** - "not one sparrow" -* **falls to the ground** - "dies" -* **even the hairs of your head are all numbered ** - “God knows even how many hairs are on your head” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **numbered** - "counted" -* **You are more valuable than many sparrows** - “God values you more than many sparrows" +Here Jesus also begins to give reasons why his disciples should not be afraid of the persecution they might experience. + +# Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but are unable to kill the soul + +This is not distinguishing between people who cannot kill the soul and people who can kill the soul. No person can kill the soul. AT: "Do not be afraid of people. They can kill the body, but they cannot kill the soul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# kill the body + +This means to cause physical death. If these words are awkward, they can be translated as "kill you" or "kill other people." + +# body + +the part of a person that can be touched, as opposed to the soul or spirit + +# kill the soul + +This means to harm people after they have physically died. + +# soul + +the part of a person that cannot be touched and that lives on after the physical body dies + +# fear him who is able + +You can add "because" to clarify why people should fear God. AT: "fear God because he is able" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# Are not two sparrows sold for a small coin? + +Jesus states this proverb as a question to teach his disciples. AT: "Think about the sparrows. They have so little value that you can buy two of them for only one small coin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# sparrows + +These are very small, seed-eating birds. AT: "small birds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a small coin + +This is often translated as the least valuable coin available in your country. It refers to a copper coin worth about one-sixteenth of a day's wage for a laborer. AT: "very little money" + +# not one of them falls to the ground without your Father's knowledge + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "your Father knows when even one sparrow dies and falls to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# even the hairs of your head are all numbered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God knows even how many hairs are on your head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# numbered + +"counted" + +# You are more valuable than many sparrows + +"God values you more than many sparrows" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/32.md b/mat/10/32.md index 5532e64620..44136a3ff3 100644 --- a/mat/10/32.md +++ b/mat/10/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the reasons why they should not be afraid of the persecution that they might experience. -## translationNotes +# everyone who confesses me before men -* Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **everyone who confesses me before men** - “whoever tells others that he is my disciple” or “anyone who acknowledges before others that he is loyal to me” -* **confess ** - "acknowledge" (see UDB) -* **before men** - "before people" or "before other people" -* **my Father who is in heaven ** - Jesus is speaking of God the Father. -* **he who denies me before men ** - “he who disowns me before people” or "he who rejects me before people" or “whoever refuses to acknowledge to others that he is my disciple” or “if anyone refuses to say that he is loyal to me.” +"whoever tells others that he is my disciple" or "anyone who acknowledges before other people that he is loyal to me" + +# I will also confess before my Father who is in heaven + +You can make explicit the information that is understood. AT: "I will also acknowledge before my Father who is in heaven that these people belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my Father who is in heaven + +"my heavenly Father" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# he who denies me before men + +"if anyone denies to other people that he is loyal to me" or "whoever refuses to acknowledge to others that he is my disciple" + +# I will also deny before my Father who is in heaven + +You can make explicit the information that is understood. AT: "I will deny before my Father who is in heaven that this person belongs to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/34.md b/mat/10/34.md index 13ce2b72af..16de9e7ad2 100644 --- a/mat/10/34.md +++ b/mat/10/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the reasons why they should not be afraid of the persecution that they might experience. -## translationNotes +# Do not think -* Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **Do not think ** - "Do not suppose" or "You must not think" -* **a sword ** - This metaphor can stand for 1) violent death (see "cross" in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:37]]) or 2) strife that causes division. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **set ** - "turn" or "divide" or "separate" -* **a man against his father ** - "a son against his father" -* **A man's enemies** - "A person's enemies" or "A person's worst enemies" -* **those of his own household ** - "members of his own family" +"Do not suppose" or "You must not think" + +# upon the earth + +This refers to the people who live on the earth. AT: "to the people of the earth" or "to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a sword + +This refers to division, fighting, and killing among people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# set + +"turn" or "divide" or "separate" + +# a man against his father + +"a son against his father" + +# A man's enemies + +"A person's enemies" or "A person's worst enemies" + +# those of his own household + +"members of his own family" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/37.md b/mat/10/37.md index b2b8332fe7..23caa6e19a 100644 --- a/mat/10/37.md +++ b/mat/10/37.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the reasons why they should not be afraid of the persecution that they might experience. -## translationNotes +# He who ... is not worthy -* Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **He who loves...is not worthy** - Alternate translations: "Those who love...are not worthy" or "If you love...you are not worthy." -* **He who ** - This can also be translated "Whoever" or "The one who" or "Anyone who" or "People who" (see UDB). -* **loves ** - The word for "love" here refers to “brotherly love” or “love from a friend.” It can also be translated "cares for" or "is devoted to" or "is fond of." -* **is not worthy of me ** - This can also be translated "does not deserve to belong to me" or "is not worthy to be my disciple" or "is not worthy to belong to me."(see UDB). -* **He who does not pick up...is not** - Alternate translations: "Those who do not pick up...are not" or "If you do not pick up...you are not" or "Unless you pick up...you are not." -* **pick up...cross and follow** - This is a metaphor for being willing to die. You should use the regular words for picking up an object and walking with it behind another person. (See: Metaphor) -* **pick up** - "take up" or "pick up and carry" -* **He who finds...will lose...he who loses...will find** - These words should be translated with as few words as possible. Alternate translations: "Those who find...will lose...those who lose...will find" or "If you find...you will lose...if you lose...you will find." -* **finds** - This is a metonym for "keeps" or "saves." Alternate translations: "tries to keep" or "tries to save." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will lose it** - This does not mean the person will die. It is a metaphor for "will not have true life." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **loses** - Alternate translations: "gives up" or "is willing to give up." -* **for my sake** - “because he trusts me” (see UDB) or “on my account" or "because of me." This is the same idea as "for my sake" in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. -* **will find it** - This metaphor means "will find true life." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "he" means any person in general. AT: "Those who ... are not worthy" or "If you ... you are not worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# loves + +The word for "love" here refers to "brotherly love" or "love from a friend." AT: "cares for" or "is devoted to" or "is fond of" + +# worthy of me + +"deserve to belong to me" or "worthy to be my disciple" + +# pick up his cross and follow after me + +"carry his cross and follow me." The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. AT: "must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pick up + +"take up" or "pick up and carry" + +# He who finds ... will lose ... he who loses ... will find + +Jesus uses a proverb to teach his disciples. This should be translated with as few words as possible. AT: "Those who find ... will lose ... those who lose ... will find" or "If you find ... you will lose ... if you lose ... you will find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# finds + +This is a metaphor for "keeps" or "saves." AT: "tries to keep" or "tries to save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will lose it + +This does not mean the person will die. It is a metaphor that means the person will not experience spiritual life with God. AT: "will not have true life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who loses his life + +This does not mean to die. It is a metaphor that means a person considers obeying Jesus more important than his own life. AT: "who denies himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for my sake + +"because he trusts me" or "on my account" or "because of me." This is the same idea as "for my sake" in [Matthew 10:18](./16.md). + +# will find it + +This metaphor means the person will experience spiritual life with God. AT: "will find true life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/40.md b/mat/10/40.md index 04b4b76061..cfc66db251 100644 --- a/mat/10/40.md +++ b/mat/10/40.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the reasons why they should not be afraid of the persecution that they might experience. -## translationNotes +# He who -* Jesus begins to explain to his apostles that he will reward people who help them as they go. -* **He who ** - This can also be translated “Whoever” or “Anyone who” or “The one who” (see UDB). -* **welcomes ** - This is the same word as "receive" in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:14]] and means "receives as a guest." -* **you** - The pronoun "you" refers to the twelve apostles to whom Jesus is speaking. -* **welcomes him who sent me** - "welcomes God the Father who sent me" +The word "He" refers to anyone in general. AT: "Whoever" or "Anyone who" or "The one who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# welcomes + +This means to receive someone as a guest. + +# you + +This is plural and refers to the twelve apostles to whom Jesus is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# welcomes me + +Jesus means it is the same as welcoming him. AT: "it is like he is welcoming me" or "it is as if he were welcoming me" + +# welcomes him who sent me + +This means when someone welcomes Jesus it is the same as welcoming God. AT: "it is as if he were welcoming God the Father who sent me" + +# because he is a prophet + +Here "he" does not refer to the person who is welcoming. It refers to the person being welcomed. + +# a prophet's reward + +This refers to the reward that God gives the prophet, not to the reward that a prophet gives to another person. + +# he is a righteous man + +Here "he" does not refer to the person who is welcoming. It refers to the person being welcomed. + +# a righteous man's reward + +This refers to the reward God gives to a righteous person, not a reward that a righteous person gives to another person. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/42.md b/mat/10/42.md index 9011e5e2e3..4d88387c22 100644 --- a/mat/10/42.md +++ b/mat/10/42.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +Jesus finishes instructing his disciples about what they should do and expect when they go to preach. -## translationNotes +# Whoever gives -* Jesus finishes explaining to his apostles that he will reward people who help them as they go. -* **Whoever gives ** - "Anyone who gives." -* **one of these unimportant ones, even a cup of cold water to drink, because he is a disciple ** - This can also be translated "one of these little ones a cup of cold water because he is a disciple of mine" or "one of the least of my disciples even a drink of cold water." -* **he will in no way lose his reward** - "that person will certainly receive his reward" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **lose** - "be denied." This has nothing to do with having a possession taken away. +"Anyone who gives" + +# one of these little ones + +"one of these lowly ones" or "the least important of these." The phrase "one of these" here refers to one of Jesus' disciples. + +# because he is a disciple + +"because he is my disciple." Here "he" does not refer to the one giving but to the unimportant one. + +# truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# he will ... his reward + +Here "he" and "his" refer to the one who is giving. + +# in no way lose + +"God will not deny him." This has nothing to do with having a possession taken away. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "God will certainly give him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/intro.md b/mat/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b1986a0d9d --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Matthew 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The sending of the twelve disciples ##### + +A large section of this chapter discusses Jesus' sending of the twelve disciples to share his message about the kingdom of heaven. They were to limit their ministry to Israel and not share this news with the Gentiles. Jesus' instructions gives the reader the impression that they were not to waste any time. There is a sense of urgency in his tone. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The twelve disciples #####= + +The following are the list of the twelve disciples: +In Matthew: +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. + +In Mark: +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, + +In Luke: +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, + +It is probable that Thaddaeus and Jude, the son of James, are two names of the same person. + +##### "The kingdom of heaven is near" ##### + +This phrase has great theological significance. Scholars often debate whether the "kingdom of heaven" was present at this time or still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty in translating. Other translations use the phase "is coming near" and "has come near." + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/01.md b/mat/11/01.md index 85bfddd7e1..cf9c77235f 100644 --- a/mat/11/01.md +++ b/mat/11/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story where the writer tells of how Jesus responded to disciples of John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# It came about that when -* This section begins the story of how Jesus responded to disciples of John the Baptist. -* **It came about that** - This phrase is used to show that this is the beginning of an account. If your language has a way of showing the start of an account, you may use that. It could be translated "Then" or "After that" -* **instructing** - This word can also be translated as "teaching" or "commanding." -* **his twelve disciples ** - This refers to the twelve chosen apostles of Jesus. -* **Now** - "At that time." This can also be omitted (see UDB). -* **when John heard in the prison about** - Alternative translations: "When John, who was in prison, heard about" or “When someone told John, who was in prison, about” -* **he sent a message by his disciples** - John the Baptist sent his own disciples with a message to Jesus. -* **and said to him ** - The pronoun "him" refers to Jesus. -* **Are you the Coming One** - Whether translated "Coming One" or "the one whom we are expecting to come," this is a euphemism for the Messiah ("Christ," UDB). -* **we should be looking for** - “we should be expecting.” The pronoun "we" refers to all Jews, not only John's disciples. +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. AT: "Then" or "After" + +# instructing + +"teaching" or "commanding." + +# his twelve disciples + +This refers to the twelve chosen apostles of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in their cities + +Here "their" refers to all the Jews in general. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# when John heard in the prison about + +"When John, who was in prison, heard about" or "When someone told John, who was in prison, about." Even though Matthew has not yet told the readers that King Herod put John the Baptist in jail, the original audience would have been familiar with the story and understood the implicit information here. Matthew will give more information later about John the Baptist, so it is probably best not to make it explicit here. + +# he sent a message by his disciples + +John the Baptist sent his own disciples with a message to Jesus. + +# said to him + +The pronoun "him" refers to Jesus. + +# Are you the one who is coming + +"Are you the one whom we are expecting to come." This is another way to refer to the Messiah or Christ. + +# should we look for another + +"should we be expecting someone else." The pronoun "we" refers to all Jews, not only John's disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/04.md b/mat/11/04.md index 1eb1a11b04..5e15644d5e 100644 --- a/mat/11/04.md +++ b/mat/11/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# report to John -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +"tell John" -## translationNotes +# lepers are being cleansed -* This concludes the response of Jesus to the disciples of John the Baptist. -* **report to John ** - "tell John" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am healing lepers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# dead people are being raised back to life + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am causing those who have died to be alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# needy people are being told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am telling needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/07.md b/mat/11/07.md index 03247677b6..8fd5e164df 100644 --- a/mat/11/07.md +++ b/mat/11/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Jesus begins to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## translationNotes +# What did you go out in the desert to see—a reed ... wind? -* Jesus begins to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -* **what did you go out to see ** - Jesus used this phrase in three rhetorical questions to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist was. It could be translated as “Did you go out to see …? Of course not!” or “Surely you did not go out to see …!” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a reed being shaken by the wind** - This can 1) mean the literal plants by the Jordan river (see UDB) or 2) be a metaphor for a kind of person: “a man who was like a reed shaken by the wind.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) This simile has two possible interpretations: such a man could 1) be easily moved by the wind, a metaphor for easily changing his mind, or 2) make noise when the wind blows, a metaphor for talking a lot but not saying anything important. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **reed ** - "tall, grassy plant" -* **dressed in soft clothing ** - “wearing expensive clothing.” Rich people wore this kind of clothing. -* **Really** - This word, often translated “behold,” adds emphasis to what follows. Alternative translation: “Indeed.” +Jesus uses a question to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist is. AT: "Surely you did not go out to the desert to see a reed ... wind!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a reed being shaken by the wind + +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus mean the literal plants by the Jordan River or 2) Jesus is using a metaphor to mean a kind of person. AT: "a man who easily changes his mind and is like a reed blowing back and forth in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# being shaken by the wind + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "swaying in the wind" or "blowing in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But what did you go out to see—a man ... clothing? + +Jesus uses a question to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist is. AT: And, surely you did not go out to the desert to see a man ... clothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# dressed in soft clothing + +"wearing expensive clothing." Rich people wore this kind of clothing. + +# Really + +This word adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" + +# kings' houses + +"kings' palaces" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/09.md b/mat/11/09.md index eeb9d8e2ef..057add72cb 100644 --- a/mat/11/09.md +++ b/mat/11/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -* **But what did you go out to see ** - This continues the series of rhetorical questions about John the Baptist. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **But what did you go out to see--a prophet? Yes, I say to you ** - -a prophet? Yes, I say to you ** - The plural pronoun "you" is referring to the crowd in both cases. -* **much more than a prophet ** - “not an ordinary prophet” or “more important than a normal prophet” -* **This is he ** - "This" refers to John the Baptist. -* **he of whom it was written** - The pronoun "he" refers to "my messenger" in the next phrase. -* **See, I am sending my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way before you. ** - Jesus is quoting here from the prophet Malachi and saying that John was that messenger in the writings of Malachi [[:en:bible:notes:mal:03:01]]. -* **I am sending my messenger** - The pronouns "I" and "my" refer to God. The writer of this Old Testament prophecy is quoting what God said. -* **before your face ** - “in front of you” or “to go ahead of you.” The pronoun “you” is singular, because God was speaking to the Messiah in the quotation. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +In verse 10, Jesus quotes the prophet Malachi to show that the life and ministry of John the Baptist fulfilled prophecy. + +# But what did you go out to see—a prophet? + +Jesus uses a question to make the people think about what kind of man John the Baptist is. AT: "But surely you went out to the desert to see a prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# and much more than a prophet + +This can be translated as a complete sentence. AT: "he is not an ordinary prophet" or "he is more important than a normal prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# This is he of whom it was written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is what the prophet Malachi wrote long ago about John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I am sending my messenger + +The pronouns "I" and "my" refer to God. Malachi is quoting what God said. + +# before your face + +Here "your" is singular, because God was speaking to the Messiah in the quotation. Also, "face" refers to the whole person. AT: "in front of you" or "to go ahead of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# prepare your way before you + +This is a metaphor that means the messenger will prepare the people to receive the Messiah's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/11.md b/mat/11/11.md index 799725b94e..81f2db296e 100644 --- a/mat/11/11.md +++ b/mat/11/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## translationNotes +# I say to you truly -* Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -* **among those born of women ** - “among those to whom a woman has given birth” or "all people who have ever lived" (see UDB) -* **no one is greater than John the Baptist** - AT: “John the Baptist is the greatest” -* **in the kingdom of heaven** - part of the kingdom that God will establish. AT: “who has entered into the kingdom of heaven.” -* **is greater than he is** - "is more important than John is" -* **From the days of John the Baptist until now** - "From the time John began preaching his message" -* **the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and men of violence take it by force** - Possible meanings are 1) violent people treat it violently (see UDB) or 2) "people persecute the subjects of the kingdom of heaven, and violent men are trying to take control of it" or 3) "the kingdom of heaven has been going forward powerfully, and powerful men want to be part of it." +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# among those born of women + +This is a way of referring to all humans. AT: "out of all people who have ever lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# no one is greater than John the Baptist + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "John the Baptist is the greatest" or "John the Baptist is the most important" + +# the least important person in the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, try to keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "the least important person under the rule of our God in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is greater than he is + +"is more important than John is" + +# From the days of John the Baptist + +"From the time John began preaching his message." The word "days" probably refers here to a period of months or even years. + +# the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and men of violence take it by force + +There are various possible interpretations of this verse. The ULB and UDB assume that it means that some people want to use God's kingdom for their own selfish purposes, and that they are willing to use force against other people to accomplish this. Other versions assume a positive interpretation, that the call to enter the kingdom of God has become so urgent, that people must act in an extreme manner in order to answer that call and to resist the temptation to sin further. A third interpretation is that violent people are harming God's people and trying to stop God from ruling. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/13.md b/mat/11/13.md index 99a38a773b..88115c4b85 100644 --- a/mat/11/13.md +++ b/mat/11/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## translationNotes +# all the prophets and the law have been prophesying until John -* Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -* **law ** - "law of Moses" -* **John ** - "John the Baptist" -* **And if you ** - The pronoun "you" refers to the people in the crowd. -* **this is Elijah ** - "This" refers to John the Baptist. This phrase is a metonym saying that John the Baptist corresponds to the prophecy of Elijah in the Old Testament, but it is not saying that John the Baptist is actually Elijah. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He who has ears to hear, let him hear** - AT: "You who have ears to hear, hear." -* **He who has ears to hear** - "Whoever can hear" or "Whoever hears me" -* **let him hear** - "let him listen well" or "let him pay attention to what I say" +Here "prophets and the law" refer to the things that the prophets and Moses wrote in scripture. AT: "for these are the things that the prophets and Moses have prophesied through the scriptures until the time of John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# he is Elijah who was to come + +The word "he" refers to John the Baptist. This does not mean John the Baptist is literally Elijah. Jesus means John the Baptist fulfills the prophecy about "Elijah, who is to come" or the next Elijah. AT: "when the prophet Malachi said that Elijah would return, he was speaking about John the Baptist" + +# He who has ears to hear + +This is a way of referring to everyone listening. AT: "Everyone who is listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him listen + +Here "listen" means paying attention. AT: "must pay careful attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/16.md b/mat/11/16.md index 20b5dbbd7e..fc940ee699 100644 --- a/mat/11/16.md +++ b/mat/11/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:generation]] +Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## translationNotes +# To what should I compare this generation? -* Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -* **To what should I compare ** - This is the start of a rhetorical question. Jesus used it to introduce a comparison between the people of that day and what children might say in the marketplace. He begins with a rhetorical question. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **It is like children playing in the marketplace, who sit and call to one another** - This simile can mean 1) Jesus "played the flute" and John "mourned," but "this generation" refused to dance or weep, metaphors for obedience, or 2) the Pharisees and other religious leaders criticized the common people for not obeying the laws they added to the Law of Moses. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **this generation ** - “the people living now” or “these people” or “you people of this generation” (see UDB) -* **marketplace ** - This was a large, open-air area where people would come to sell their goods. -* **We played a flute for you** - "We" refers to the children sitting in the marketplace. "You" refers to "this generation" or the crowd who hears the music and does not respond. -* **flute ** - This is a long, hollow musical instrument, which is played by blowing air in or over one end. -* **and you did not dance** - “but you did not dance to the music” -* **and you did not weep** - “but you did not weep with us” +Jesus uses a question to introduce a comparison between the people of that day and what children might say in the marketplace. AT: "This is what this generation is like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this generation + +"the people living now" or "these people" or "you people of this generation" + +# It is like children playing in the marketplace ... and you did not weep + +Jesus uses a parable to describe the people who were alive at that time. He compares them to a group of children who are trying to get the other children to play with them. But, no matter way they do, the other children will not join them. Jesus means that it does not matter if God sends someone like John the Baptist, who lives in the desert and fasts, or someone like Jesus, who celebrates with sinners and does not fast. The people, most specifically the Pharisees and religious leaders, still remain stubborn and refuse to accept God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# marketplace + +a large, open-air area where people buy and sell items + +# We played a flute for you + +"We" refers to the children sitting in the marketplace. Here "you" is plural and refers to the other group of children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# and you did not dance + +"but you did not dance to the happy music" + +# We mourned + +This means they sang sad songs like women did at funerals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and you did not weep + +"but you did not cry with us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/18.md b/mat/11/18.md index 979fe33018..4d473abbb3 100644 --- a/mat/11/18.md +++ b/mat/11/18.md @@ -1,24 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Jesus concludes talking to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## translationNotes +# not eating bread or drinking wine -* Jesus concludes talking to the crowds about John the Baptist. -* **not eating bread ** - "not eating food." This can be translated "frequently fasting" or "not eating good food" (UDB). It does not mean that John never ate food. -* **they say, 'He has a demon'** - Jesus was quoting what the people were saying about John. It can be translated as an indirect quote: “they say that he has a demon” or “they accuse him of having a demon.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **they** - The pronoun "they" refers to the people of that present generation (verse 16). -* **The Son of Man** - Since Jesus expected the people there to understand that he was the Son of Man, it could also be translated as “I, the Son of Man.” -* **they say, 'Look, he is a gluttonous man** - Jesus was quoting what the people were saying about him as the Son of Man. This can be translated as an indirect quote: “they say that he is a gluttonous man” or “they accuse him of eating too much.” If you translated “The Son of Man” as “I, the Son of man”, the indirect quote could be translated as “they say that I am a gluttonous man.” -* **he is a gluttonous man** - “he is a greedy eater” or “he habitually eats too much food” -* **a drunkard** - “a drunk” or “a habitual drunk” -* **But wisdom is justified by her deeds ** - This is probably a proverb that Jesus was applying to this situation, because the people who rejected both him and John were not being wise. It can be translated as an active sentence as in the UDB (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **wisdom is justified ** - This expression, where wisdom is personified, is not used here in the sense that wisdom is put right before God but in the sense that wisdom is proved right (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]). -* **her deeds** - The pronoun "her" refers to the personified wisdom. +Here "bread" refers to food. It does not mean that John never ate food. It means he fasted often, and when he ate he did not eat good, expensive food. AT: "frequently fasting and not drinking alcohol" or "not eating good food and drinking wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they say, 'He has a demon.' + +This can be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "they say that he has a demon" or "they accuse him of having a demon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# they say + +All occurrences of "they" refer to the people of that generation, and most specifically to the Pharisees and religious leaders. + +# The Son of Man + +Jesus is referring to himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# came eating and drinking + +This is the opposite of John's behavior. This means more than just consuming the normal amount of food and drink. It means Jesus celebrated and enjoyed good food and drink like other people did. + +# they say, 'Look, he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners!' + +This can be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "they say that he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners." or "they accuse him of eating and drinking too much and of being ... sinners." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# they say, 'Look, he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners!' + +If you translated "The Son of Man" as "I, the Son of man," you can state this as an indirect statement and use the first person. AT: "they say that I am a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he is a gluttonous man + +"he is a greedy eater" or "he continually eats too much food" + +# a drunkard + +"a drunk" or "he continually drinks too much alcohol" + +# But wisdom is justified by her deeds + +This is a proverb that Jesus applies to this situation, because the people who rejected both him and John were not being wise. Jesus and John the Baptist are the wise ones, and the results of their deeds prove it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# wisdom is justified by her deeds + +Here "wisdom" is described as a woman who is proven to be right by what she does. Jesus means that the results of a person's actions prove that he is truly wise. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The results of a person's deeds prove that he is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/20.md b/mat/11/20.md index c9d8ad8127..72ad63626f 100644 --- a/mat/11/20.md +++ b/mat/11/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,59 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Jesus begins to rebuke the people of the cities where he previously did miracles. -## translationNotes +# rebuke the cities -* Jesus begins speaking against the people of the cities where he previously did miracles. -* **rebuke the cities ** - Jesus is here using a metonymy, accusing the people of these cities of doing wrong. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **cities ** - "towns" -* **in which most of his great deeds were done ** - This can be translated with an active verb: "in which he did most of his great deeds" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **mighty deeds** - This can be translated "mighty works" or "works of power" or "miracles" (UDB). -* **because they had not repented** - The pronoun "they" refers to the people in the cities that had not repented. -* **Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida!** - Jesus speaks as if the people of the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida were there listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **Chorazin...Bethsaida...Tyre...Sidon ** - The names of these cities are used as metonymy for the people living in these cities. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **If the mighty deeds had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you** - This can be translated with active forms: "If I did the mighty deeds in Tyre and Sidon that I did in you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **Woe to you** - The pronoun "you" here is singular. -* **they would have repented long ago ** - The pronoun "they" refers to the people of Tyre and Sidon. -* **repented ** - "shown they were sorry for their sins" -* **it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment than for you ** - "God will show more mercy to Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment than to you" or "God will punish you more severely at the day of judgment than the people of Tyre and Sidon" (see UDB). The implied information is “because you did not repent and believe in me, even though you saw me do miracles.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **than for you ** - The pronoun "you" is singular and refers to Chorazin or Bethsaida. +Here "the cities" refers to the people who live there. AT: "rebuke the people of the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cities + +"towns" + +# in which most of his mighty deeds were done + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "in which he did most of his mighty deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mighty deeds + +"mighty works" or "works of power" or "miracles" + +# Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! + +Jesus speaks as if the people of the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida were there listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Woe to you + +"How terrible it will be for you!" Here "you" is singular and refers to the city. If it is more natural to refer to the people instead of a city, you could translate with a plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Chorazin ... Bethsaida ... Tyre ... Sidon + +The names of these cities are used as metonyms for the people living in these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# If the mighty deeds ... in sackcloth and ashes + +Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation that could have happened in the past, but it did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# If the mighty deeds had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you + +This can be translated with active forms. AT: "If I had done the mighty deeds among the people of Tyre and Sidon that I have done among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# which were done in you ... than for you + +Here the "you" is plural and refers to Chorazin and Bethsaida. If it is more natural for your language, you could use a dual "you" to refer to the two cities, or a plural "you" to refer to the people of the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# they would have repented long + +The pronoun "they" refers to the people of Tyre and Sidon. + +# repented + +"shown they were sorry for their sins" + +# it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment than for you + +Here "Tyre and Sidon" refers to the people who live there. AT: "God will show more mercy to the people of Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment than to you" or "God will punish you more severely at the day of judgment than the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# than for you + +The implied information can be made explicit. AT "than for you, because you did not repent and believe in me, even though you saw me do miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/23.md b/mat/11/23.md index 59783a71b7..9cec0878f8 100644 --- a/mat/11/23.md +++ b/mat/11/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +Jesus continues to rebuke the people of the cities where he previously did miracles. -## translationNotes +# You, Capernaum -* Jesus continues speaking against the people of the cities where he previously did miracles. -* **You, Capernaum** - Jesus now speaks to the people in the city of Capernaum as if they were listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) The pronoun "you" is singular and refers to Capernaum throughout these two verses. -* **Capernaum...Sodom ** - The names of these cities are used as metonymies for the people living in Capernaum and in Sodom. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **do you think you will be exalted to heaven?** - This is a rhetorical question in which Jesus rebukes the people of Capernaum for their pride. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) It can be translated with the active form: “will you go up to heaven?” or “do you think that God will honor you?” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will be exalted ** - “will be honored.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you will be brought down to hades ** - AT: "God will bring you down to hades." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **if in Sodom there had been done the great deeds that were done in you ** - AT: "if in Sodom I did the great deeds that I did in you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **mighty deeds ** - "mighty works" or "works of power" or "miracles" (UDB) -* **it would still have remained ** - The pronoun "it" refers to the city of Sodom. -* **it shall be easier for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than for you** - This can be translated “God will show more mercy to the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than to you” or “God will punish you more severely at the day of judgment than the people of Sodom” (see UDB). The implied information is “because you did not repent and believe in me, even though you saw me do miracles.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Jesus now speaks to the people in the city of Capernaum as if they were listening to him, but they were not. The pronoun "you" is singular and refers to Capernaum throughout these two verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# You + +All occurrences of "you" are singular. If it is more natural to refer to the people of the city, you could translate with a plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Capernaum ... Sodom + +The names of these cities refer to the people living in Capernaum and in Sodom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do you think you will be exalted to heaven? + +"do you think you will be raised up to heaven?" Jesus uses a rhetorical question to rebuke the people of Capernaum for their pride. It can be stated in active form: AT: "you cannot raise yourself up to heaven!" or "the praise of other people will not raise you up to heaven!" or "God will not bring you up to heaven like you think he will!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be brought down to Hades + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will send you down to Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For if in Sodom ... it would still have remained until today + +Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation that could have happened in the past, but it did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if in Sodom there had been done the mighty deeds that were done in + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if I had done the mighty deeds among the people of Sodom that I have done among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mighty deeds + +"mighty works" or "works of power" or "miracles" + +# it would still have remained + +The pronoun "it" refers to the city of Sodom. + +# I say to you + +This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# it shall be easier for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than for you + +Here "land of Sodom" refer to the people who lived there. AT: "God will show more mercy to the people of Sodom in the day of judgment than to you" or "God will punish you more severely in the day of judgment than the people of Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# than for you + +The implicit information can be made explicit. AT: "than for you, because you did not repent and believe in me, even though you saw me do miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/25.md b/mat/11/25.md index c82f2e5d6a..fa1440f340 100644 --- a/mat/11/25.md +++ b/mat/11/25.md @@ -1,31 +1,75 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +In verses 25 and 26, Jesus prays to his heavenly Father while still in the presence of the crowd. In verse 27, he begins to address the people again. -## translationNotes +# Father -* Jesus prays to his heavenly Father while still in the presence of the crowd of people. -* **Jesus answered and said** - This can mean 1) the disciples Jesus had sent out in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:05]] had returned (see [[:en:bible:notes:mat:12:01]]) and Jesus was responding to something someone had said, or 2) Jesus was concluding his condemnation of the unrepentant cities: "Furthermore, Jesus said." -* **O Father ** - This refers to God the Father, not an earthly father. -* **Lord of heaven and earth** - This can be translated as a metonym, “Master over everyone and everything in heaven and earth,” or as a merism, "Master of the universe." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **you concealed these things from the wise and understanding, and revealed them to those who are untaught, like little children** - It is not clear what is meant by "these things." If your language needs to specify what is meant, an alternative translation might be best: "You have revealed to ignorant people truths that you have not allowed wise and educated people to learn." -* **concealed ** - "hid" - This verb is the opposite of "revealed." -* **the wise and understanding** - “people who are wise and understanding.” Alternative translation: "people who think they are wise and understanding.” (See UDB, [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **revealed them** - The pronoun "them" refers to "these things" earlier in this verse. -* **to those who are untaught, like little children** - This whole phrase translates one word that combines the meanings of "young children" and "untaught" or "ignorant." Alternative translation: "ignorant little children" -* **like little children ** - a simile for people who are not wise or well-educated, or people who know that they are not wise and well-educated (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **for so it was well-pleasing in your sight** - pleasing in your sight** - “for you saw that it was good to do that” -* **All things have been entrusted to me from my Father** - This can be translated with an active verb: "My Father has entrusted all things to me" or “My Father has handed everything over to me.”(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **no one knows the Son except the Father** - “Only the Father knows the Son.” -* **knows the Son** - “knows from personal experience" -* **the Son** - Jesus was referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **no one knows the Father except the Son** - “Only the Son knows the Father.” -* **knows the Father** - "knows from personal experience" -* **and anyone to whom the Son desires to reveal him** - Alternative translation: “people know who the Father is only if the Son wants to reveal the Father to them” -* **to whom the Son desires to reveal him** - The pronoun "him" refers to God the Father. +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Lord of heaven and earth + +"Lord who rules over heaven and earth." The phrase "heaven and earth" is a merism that refers to all people and things in the universe. AT: "Lord who rules over the whole universe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# you concealed these things ... and revealed them + +It is not clear what is meant by "these things." If your language needs to specify what is meant, an alternative translation might be best. AT: "you concealed these truths ... and revealed them" + +# you concealed these things from + +"you hid these things from" or "you have not made these things known to." This verb is the opposite of "revealed." + +# from the wise and understanding + +These nominal adjectives can be translated as adjectives. AT: "from people who are wise and understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the wise and understanding + +Jesus is using irony. He does not think these people are really wise. AT: "people who think they are wise and understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# revealed them + +"made them known." The pronoun "them" refers to "these things" earlier in this verse. + +# to those who are untaught + +"to those who are ignorant" + +# like little children + +Jesus compares an ignorant person to a little child. Jesus is emphasizing that many of those who believe him are not well educated or think of themselves as wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# for so it was well-pleasing in your sight + +The phrase "in your sight" is a metonym that stands for how a person considers something. AT: "for you considered it good to do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# All things have been entrusted to me from my Father + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My Father has entrusted all things to me" or "My Father has given everything over to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All things + +Possible meanings are 1) God the Father has revealed everything about himself and his kingdom to Jesus or 2) God has given all authority to Jesus. + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# no one knows the Son except the Father + +"only the Father knows the Son" + +# no one knows + +Both times Jesus uses this phrase, the word "knows" means more than just knowing the person. It means knowing the person intimately because they have a special relationship. + +# the Son + +Jesus was referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# no one knows the Father except the Son + +"only the Son knows the Father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/28.md b/mat/11/28.md index acc23f34fb..a9946ad135 100644 --- a/mat/11/28.md +++ b/mat/11/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:meek]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# all you -* Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. -* **who labor and are heavy burdened** - This metaphor refers to the "yoke" of the Jewish law. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will give you rest** - "I will allow you to rest from your labor and burden" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Take my yoke on you** - The pronoun "you" in this verse refers to "all you who labor and are heavy burdened." This metaphor means "accept the tasks that I assign you" (see UDB) or "work together with me." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my burden is light** - The word "light" here is the opposite of heavy, not the opposite of dark. +All occurrences of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# who labor and are heavy burdened + +Jesus is speaking about the people as if they are animals, which their masters have made to carry too much weight on their backs. This is a metaphor for all the laws and rules the Jewish leaders expect the people to obey. AT: "who labor under all the laws the religious leaders place on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will give you rest + +"I will allow you to rest from your labor and burden" + +# Take my yoke on you + +Jesus continues the metaphor. Jesus is inviting the people to become his disciples and follow him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am meek and lowly in heart + +Here "meek" and "lowly in heart" mean basically the same thing. Jesus combines them to emphasize that he will be much more kind than the religious leaders. AT: "I am gentle and humble" or "I am very gentle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# lowly in heart + +This is an idiom that means "humble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will find rest for your souls + +Here "soul" refers to the entire person. AT: "you will find rest for yourselves" or "you will be able to rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# For my yoke is easy and my burden is light + +Both of these phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that it is easier to obey him than it is the Jewish law. AT: "For what I place on you, you will be able to carry because it is light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my burden is light + +The word "light" here is the opposite of heavy, not the opposite of dark. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/intro.md b/mat/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..385fe3a0a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Matthew 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of [Matthew 11:10](./09.md), which is a quotation from the Old Testament, and [Matthew 11:17](./16.md). + +Some scholars believe that [Matthew 11:20](./20.md) begins a new stage in the ministry of Christ because of Israel's rejection of him. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hidden revelation ##### + +After [Matthew 11:20](./20.md), Jesus begins to reveal information about himself and about the plans of God the Father, while hiding this information from those who reject him. (See: [Matthew 11:25](./25.md)) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The kingdom of heaven is near" ##### + +This phrase has great theological significance. Scholars often debate whether the "kingdom of heaven" was present at this time or still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty in translating. Other translations use the phase "is coming near" and "has come near." + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/01.md b/mat/12/01.md index d582318273..bdafebba69 100644 --- a/mat/12/01.md +++ b/mat/12/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:unlawful]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story where the writer tells of growing opposition to Jesus' ministry. Here, the Pharisees criticize his disciples for picking grain on the Sabbath. -## translationNotes +# At that time -* Jesus defends his disciples when the Pharisees criticize them for picking grain to satisfy their hunger on the Sabbath. -* **grainfields** - a place to plant grain. If wheat is unknown and "grain" is too general, "fields of the plant they made bread from." -* **pluck heads of grain and eat them...do what is unlawful to do on the Sabbath** - Plucking grain in others' fields and eating it was not considered stealing (see UDB). The question was whether one could do this otherwise lawful activity on the Sabbath. -* **them ** - the heads of grain -* **heads of grain** - This is the topmost part of the wheat plant, which is a kind of large grass. It holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. -* **See** - Alternative translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +This marks a new part of the story. AT: "A little later" + +# grainfields + +a place to plant grain. If wheat is unknown and "grain" is too general, then you can use "fields of the plant they made bread from." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# pluck heads of grain and eat them ... do what is unlawful to do on the Sabbath + +Picking grain in others' fields and eating it was not considered stealing. The question was whether one could do this otherwise lawful activity on the Sabbath. + +# to pluck heads of grain and eat them + +"to pick some of the wheat and eat it" or "to pick some of the grain and eat it" + +# heads of grain + +This is the topmost part of the wheat plant. It holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. + +# the Pharisees + +This does not mean all of the Pharisees. AT: "some Pharisees" + +# See + +"Look." The Pharisees use this word to draw attention to what the disciples are doing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/03.md b/mat/12/03.md index ff78e21c18..5e23f577dd 100644 --- a/mat/12/03.md +++ b/mat/12/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Jesus responds to the Pharisees' criticism. -## translationNotes +# to them -* Jesus continues to defend his disciples when the Pharisees criticize them for picking grain to eat on the Sabbath. -* **them...you** - the Pharisees -* **Have you never read** - Jesus is mildly rebuking the Pharisees for not learning from what they read. Alternate translation: “You should learn from what you have read about.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **he...him** - David -* **bread of the presence** - bread that was given to God and on display before him (UBD) -* **those who were with him** - "the men who were with David" -* **lawful only for the priests** - "only priests were permitted to eat it" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"to the Pharisees" + +# Have you never read ... with him? + +Jesus uses a question to respond to the criticism of the Pharisees. Jesus is challenging them to think about the meaning of the scriptures they have read. AT: "I know you have read about ... with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the house of God + +During the time of David there was no temple yet. AT: "the tabernacle" or "the place for worshiping God" + +# bread of the presence + +This is sacred bread that priests placed before God in the tabernacle. AT: "bread that the priest placed before God" or "the sacred bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who were with him + +"the men who were with David" + +# but lawful only for the priests + +"but, according to the law, only the priest could eat it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/05.md b/mat/12/05.md index daa17f7da4..5fbef626a5 100644 --- a/mat/12/05.md +++ b/mat/12/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# Have you not read in the law ... but are guiltless? -* Jesus continues to defend his disciples when the Pharisees criticize them for picking grain to eat on the Sabbath. -* **you...you** - the Pharisees -* **have you not read in the law ** - "You have read the law, so you know that it says" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **profane the Sabbath** - "do on the Sabbath what they would do on any other day" -* **are guiltless** - "God is not going to punish them" -* **one greater than the temple** - "someone who is more important than the temple." Jesus was referring to himself as the one greater. +Jesus uses a question to respond to the criticism of the Pharisees. Jesus is challenging them to think about the meaning of what they have read in the scriptures. AT: "And, you have read in the law of Moses ... but are guiltless" + +# profane the Sabbath + +"do on the Sabbath what they would do on any other day" + +# are guiltless + +"God will not punish them" or "God does not consider them guilty" + +# I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# one greater than the temple + +"someone who is more important than the temple." Jesus was referring to himself as the one greater. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/07.md b/mat/12/07.md index 1fc2bdf22a..3c241b6102 100644 --- a/mat/12/07.md +++ b/mat/12/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to defend his disciples when the Pharisees criticize them for picking grain to eat on the Sabbath. -* **If you had known** - "You do not know" -* **you...you** - the Pharisees -* **I desire mercy and not sacrifice ** - Sacrifices are good, but mercy is better. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **what this meant** - "what God said in the scripture" -* **I desire** - The pronoun "I" refers to God. +In verse 7, Jesus quotes the prophet Hosea to rebuke the Pharisees. + +# If you had known what this meant, 'I desire mercy and not sacrifice,' you would not have condemned the guiltless + +Here Jesus quotes scripture. AT: "The prophet Hosea wrote this long ago: 'I desire mercy and not sacrifice.' If you had understood what this meant, you would not have condemned the guiltless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I desire mercy and not sacrifice + +In the law of Moses, God did command the Israelites to offer sacrifices. This means God considers mercy more important than the sacrifices. + +# I desire + +The pronoun "I" refers to God. + +# the guiltless + +This can be translated as an adjective. AT: "those who are not guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Son of Man + +Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# is Lord of the Sabbath + +"rules over the Sabbath" or "makes the laws about what people can do on the Sabbath" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/09.md b/mat/12/09.md index d67b2e00af..557b64b62b 100644 --- a/mat/12/09.md +++ b/mat/12/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Here the scene shifts to a later time when the Pharisees criticize Jesus for healing a man on the Sabbath. -## translationNotes +# Then Jesus left from there -* Jesus responds to the Pharisees who criticized him for healing a man on the Sabbath. -* **Then Jesus left from there** - "Jesus left the grainfields" -* **their** - the synagogue of the Pharisees to whom he was talking -* **Behold** - The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **a dried up hand** - "shriveled" or "bent into a fist" +"Jesus left the grainfields" or "Then Jesus left" + +# their synagogue + +"a synagogue." Here "their" refers to the Jews in general not just the Pharisees from the previous section. + +# Behold + +The word "Behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# a man who had a withered hand + +"a man who had a paralyzed hand" or "a man with a crippled hand" + +# The Pharisees asked Jesus, saying, "Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?" so that they might accuse him of sinning + +"The Pharisees wanted to accuse Jesus of sinning, so they asked him, 'Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?'" + +# Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath? + +"According to the law of Moses, may a person heal another person on the Sabbath?" + +# so that they might accuse him of sinning + +They did not just want to accuse Jesus in front of the people. The Pharisees wanted Jesus to give an answer that contradicted the law of Moses so they could take him before a judge and legally charge him with breaking the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/11.md b/mat/12/11.md index aa3c2229aa..5ddf864319 100644 --- a/mat/12/11.md +++ b/mat/12/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Jesus responds to the Pharisees' criticism. -## translationNotes +# What man would there be among you, who, if he had just one sheep ... would not grasp hold of it and lift it out? -* Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees who criticized him for healing a man on the Sabbath. -* **What man would there be among you, who,...would not grasp...and lift it out?** - Alternate translation: "Every one of you...would grasp and lift it out." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **them...you** - the Pharisees -* **if he had** - "if that man had" -* **lift it out ** - "lift the sheep out of the hole" -* **it is lawful to do good** - "those who do good are not disobeying the law" or "those who do good are obeying the law" +Jesus uses a question to respond to the Pharisees. He is challenging them to think about what kind of work they do on the Sabbath. AT: "Every one of you, if you only had one sheep ... would grab the sheep and lift it out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How much more valuable, then, is a man than a sheep! + +The phrase "how much more" adds emphasis to the statement. AT: "Obviously, a man is much more valuable than a sheep!" or "Just think about how much more important a man is than a sheep" + +# it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath + +"those who do good on the Sabbath are obeying the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/13.md b/mat/12/13.md index d8f1cbd1eb..771ec90e60 100644 --- a/mat/12/13.md +++ b/mat/12/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Jesus said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then Jesus commanded the man to stretch out his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# to the man -* Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees who criticized him for healing a man on the Sabbath. -* **the man** - the man with the dried up hand -* **Stretch out your hand** - “Hold out your hand” or “Extend your hand.” -* **He ** - the man -* **it...it** - the man's hand -* **restored to health ** - "fully healed" or "healthy again" -* **plotted against** - "planned to harm" -* **seeking how they might** - "looking for ways to" -* **put him to death** - put Jesus to death +"to the man with the paralyzed hand" or "to the man with the crippled hand" + +# Stretch out your hand + +"Hold out your hand" or "Extend your hand" + +# He stretched + +"The man stretched" + +# it was restored to health + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it was healthy again" or "it became well again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# plotted against him + +"planned to harm Jesus" + +# were seeking how they might put him to death + +"were discussing how they might kill Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/15.md b/mat/12/15.md index b8f147fcdf..904adf79fb 100644 --- a/mat/12/15.md +++ b/mat/12/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This account explains how the actions of Jesus fulfilled one of the prophecies of Isaiah. -## translationNotes +# As Jesus perceived this, he -* This account explains how the actions of Jesus fulfilled one of the prophecies of Isaiah. -* **this** - "that the Pharisees were planning to kill him". -* **withdrew from** - "left" -* **not to make him known to others** - "not to tell anyone else about him" -* **what had been said through Isaiah the prophet, saying** - "what God had said through what Isaiah the prophet had written" +"Jesus was aware of what the Pharisees were planning, so he" + +# withdrew from + +"departed from" or "left" + +# not to make him known to others + +"not to tell anyone else about him" + +# that it might come true, what + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "This fulfilled what" + +# what had been said through Isaiah the prophet, saying + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what God had said long ago through the prophet Isaiah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/18.md b/mat/12/18.md index d6db08d54a..9a6b05167a 100644 --- a/mat/12/18.md +++ b/mat/12/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Here Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' ministry fulfilled scripture. -## translationNotes +# See -* This account continues to explain how the actions of Jesus fulfilled one of the prophecies of Isaiah. These words are God's words that Isaiah wrote down. +"Look." God used this word to introduce a new person. + +# my ... I + +All occurrences of these words refer to God. Isaiah is quoting what God said to him. + +# in whom my soul is well pleased + +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: "and I am very pleased with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he will + +"my servant will" + +# announce judgment + +Here "judgment" does not mean "punishment." It means the servant will tell the Gentiles that God is just, and he will save them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/19.md b/mat/12/19.md index f4852fbbe9..7603376df2 100644 --- a/mat/12/19.md +++ b/mat/12/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +Matthew continues to quote the prophet Isaiah. -## translationNotes +# neither will anyone hear his voice in -* This account continues to explain how the actions of Jesus fulfilled one of the prophecies of Isaiah. These words are God's words that Isaiah wrote down. -* **He will not break any bruised reed ** - "he will not beat down weak people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bruised** - "partially broken or damaged" -* **smoking flax** - a lamp wick after the flame has been blown out, representing people who are helpless or doomed (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Until** - This can be translated with a new sentence: "This is what he will do until " -* **he sends forth judgment to victory** - "he convinces people that I am just" -* **in his name** - AT: "in him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "voice" refers to the whole person. AT: "And he will not speak loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# his ... He + +All occurrences of these words refer to God's chosen servant. + +# in the streets + +This is an idiom that means "publicly." AT: "in the cities and towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He will not break any bruised reed; he will not quench any smoking flax + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. They are metaphors emphasizing that God's servant will be gentle and kind. Both "bruised reed" and "smoking flax" represent weak and hurting people. If the metaphor is confusing, you could translate the literal meaning. AT: "He will be kind to weak people, and he will be gentle to those who are hurting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bruised reed + +"damaged plant" + +# he will not quench + +"he will not put out" + +# smoking flax + +This refers to a lamp wick after the flame has gone out and when it is only smoking. + +# flax, until + +This can be translated with a new sentence: "flax. This is what he will do until" + +# he leads justice to victory + +"until he succeeds in bringing my justice and salvation to the people." The abstract noun "justice" can be translated as "just." The abstract noun "victory" can be stated as "save." AT: "the people know that I am just, and I will save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in his name + +Here "name" refers to the whole person. AT: "in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/22.md b/mat/12/22.md index 19e2964f37..53419c9021 100644 --- a/mat/12/22.md +++ b/mat/12/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demonpossessed]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +Here the scene shifts to a later time when the Pharisees accuse Jesus of healing a man by the power of Satan. -## translationNotes +# Then someone blind and mute, possessed by a demon, was brought to Jesus -* This begins an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. -* **someone blind and mute ** - "someone who could not see and could not talk". -* **All the crowds were amazed** - "All the people who had seen Jesus heal the man were greatly surprised" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then someone brought to Jesus a man who was blind and mute because a demon was controlling him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# someone blind and mute + +"someone who could not see and could not talk" + +# All the crowds were amazed + +"All the people who had seen Jesus heal the man were greatly surprised" + +# the Son of David + +This is a title for the Christ or Messiah. + +# Son of + +Here this means "descendant of." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/24.md b/mat/12/24.md index 5964346a1c..efdf535cdf 100644 --- a/mat/12/24.md +++ b/mat/12/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beelzebul]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +In verse 25, Jesus begins to respond to the Pharisees' accusation that he healed the man by the power of Satan. -## translationNotes +# this miracle -* This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. -* **this miracle** - the miracle of the healing of a blind, deaf, and demon-possessed man. -* **This man does not cast out demons except by Beelzebub** - "This man is only able to cast out the demon because he is a servant of Beelzebub" -* **This man** - The Pharisees avoid calling Jesus by name to show that they reject him. -* **their...them ** - the Pharisees +This refers to the miracle of the healing of a blind, deaf, and demon-possessed man. + +# This man does not cast out demons except by Beelzebul + +This can be stated in a positive form. "This man is only able to cast out the demon because he is a servant of Beelzebul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# This man + +The Pharisees avoid calling Jesus by name to show they reject him. + +# the prince of the demons + +"the chief of the demons" + +# Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate, and every city or house divided against itself will not stand + +Jesus uses a proverb to respond to the Pharisees. Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize that it would not make sense for Beelzebul to use his power to fight other demons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate + +Here "kingdom" refers to those who live in the kingdom. This can be translated in active form. AT: "A kingdom will not last when its people fight among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every city or house divided against itself will not stand + +Here "city" refers to the people who live there. And, "house" refers to a family. AT: "it ruins a city or a family when the people fight each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/26.md b/mat/12/26.md index b12b406ba4..2247169dd3 100644 --- a/mat/12/26.md +++ b/mat/12/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees' accusation that he healed the man by the power of Satan. -## translationNotes +# If Satan drives out Satan -* This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. -* **If Satan drives out Satan** - "If Satan works against his own kingdom" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **how will his kingdom stand** - “Satan's kingdom cannot stand,” or “Satan's kingdom will fall apart.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **drive out** - "force out" or "cast out" or "throw out" or "put out" -* **by whom do your followers drive them out ** - Alternate translation: "it must also be the power of Beelzebul that enables your followers to drive out demons" (or see UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **they will be your judges ** - Alternate translation: “your followers who cast out demons by God's power will judge you for saying that I cast out demons by Beelzebul's power.” +The second use of Satan refers to the demons that serve Satan. AT: "If Satan works against his own demons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Satan ... Beelzebul + +Both names refer to the same person. + +# How then will his kingdom stand? + +Jesus uses a question to challenge the Pharisees. AT: "Satan's kingdom cannot stand!" or "Satan's kingdom will not last!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# by whom do your sons drive them out? + +Jesus uses another question to challenge the Pharisees. AT: "then you must say your followers also drive out demons by the power of Beelzebul. But, you know this is not true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your sons + +Jesus was speaking to the Pharisees. The phrase "your sons" refers to their followers. This was a common way of referring to those who follow teachers or leaders. AT: "your followers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For this reason they will be your judges + +"Because your followers cast out demons by the power of God, they prove that you are wrong about me." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/28.md b/mat/12/28.md index 7830725a6c..f3972e599c 100644 --- a/mat/12/28.md +++ b/mat/12/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# But if I -* This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. -* **upon you** - upon the Pharisees -* **without tying up the strong man first** - "without taking control of the strong man first" -* **who is not with me** - “who does not support me” or “who does not work with me” -* **is against me** - “works against me” or "destroys my work" -* **gather ** - This is the common term for harvesting crops. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "if" does not mean Jesus is questioning how he drives out demons. Here Jesus uses the word to introduce a true statement. AT: "But, because I" + +# then the kingdom of God has come upon you + +"then the kingdom of God has arrived among you." Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "this means God is establishing his rule among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# come upon you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# How can anyone enter the house ... belongings from his house + +Jesus uses a parable to continue his response to the Pharisees. Jesus means he can drive out demons because he is more powerful than Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# How can anyone enter ... without tying up the strong man first? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the Pharisees and the crowd. AT: "No one can enter ... without tying up the strong man first." or "If a person wants to enter ... he must first tie up the strong man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# without tying up the strong man first + +"without taking control of the strong man first" + +# Then he will steal + +"The he can steal" or "Then he will be able to steal" + +# who is not with me + +"who does not support me" or "who does not work with me" + +# is against me + +"opposes me" or "works against me" + +# the one who does not gather with me scatters + +Jesus is using a metaphor that refers to a person either gathering the flock of sheep to a shepherd or making them scatter away from the shepherd. Jesus means that a person is either helping to make people become disciples of Jesus or he is making people reject Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/31.md b/mat/12/31.md index 87e6e0a0c3..f3f112e9f7 100644 --- a/mat/12/31.md +++ b/mat/12/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# I say to you -* This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. -* **to you** - to the Pharisees -* **every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven to men** - "God will forgive every sin and blasphemy men commit" or "God will forgive every person who sins or blasphemes" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven** - "God will not forgive blasphemy against the Spirit" -* **And whoever speaks any word against the Son of Man, that will be forgiven him** - "God will forgive any word spoken against the Son of Man" -* **this world...that which is to come** - Alternate translation: "this time...that time which is coming." +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# say to you + +Here "you" is plural. Jesus is speaking directly to the Pharisees, but he is also teaching the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will forgive every sin that people commit and every evil thing they say" or "God will forgive every person who sins or says evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not forgive the person who speaks evil things about the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whoever speaks any word against the Son of Man + +Here "word" refers to what someone says. AT: "If a person says anything bad about the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# that will be forgiven him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will forgive a person for that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that will not be forgiven him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not forgive that person" + +# neither in this world, nor in that which is to come + +Here "this world" and "that which is to come" refer to the present life and the next life. AT: "in this life or in the next life" or "now or ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/33.md b/mat/12/33.md index 6262688f36..44f4ad48eb 100644 --- a/mat/12/33.md +++ b/mat/12/33.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# Make a tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad -* This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. -* **Either make a tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree corrupt and its fruit corrupt** - "Decide that either the fruit is good and so the tree is good, or the fruit is corrupt and so the tree is corrupt" -* **good...corrupt** - This can mean 1) "healthy...unhealthy" or 2) "edible...inedible." -* **a tree is known by its fruit ** - This can mean 1) "people know whether a tree is healthy or not by looking at its fruit" or 2) "people know what species a tree is by looking at its fruit." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You...you** - the Pharisees -* **out of the content of the heart the mouth speaks** - "a person can only say what is in his heart" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **good treasure...evil treasure** - "righteous thoughts...evil thoughts" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "If you make a tree good, its fruit will be good, and if you make the tree bad, its fruit will be bad" or 2) "If you consider a tree to be good, it will be because its fruit is good, and if you consider it tree to be bad, it will be because its fruit is bad." This was a proverb. People were to apply its truth to how they can know whether a person is good or bad. + +# good ... bad + +"healthy ... diseased" + +# a tree is recognized by its fruit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people know whether a tree is good or bad by looking at its fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You offspring of vipers + +Here "offspring" means "having the characteristic of." Vipers are poisonous snakes that are dangerous and represent evil. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Matthew 3:7](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You ... you + +These are plural and refer to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# how can you say good things? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the Pharisees. AT: "you cannot say good things." or "you can only say evil things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks + +Here "abundance of the heart" refers to the thoughts in a person's mind. The "mouth" represents a person here. AT: "what a person says with his mouth reveals what is in his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The good man from the good treasure of his heart produces what is good, and the evil man from the evil treasure of his heart produces what is evil + +Jesus speaks about the "heart" as if it is a container that a person fills with good or evil things. This is a metaphor that means what a person says reveals what the person is truly like. If you want to keep this imagery see the UDB. You can also translate the literal meaning. AT: "A man who is truly good will speak good things, and the man who is truly evil will speak evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/36.md b/mat/12/36.md index bcbda43946..67f8f72f0b 100644 --- a/mat/12/36.md +++ b/mat/12/36.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:judgmentday]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] +Jesus concludes his response to the Pharisees' accusation that he healed the man by the power of Satan. -## translationNotes +# I say to you -* This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. -* **you...your** - the Pharisees -* **people will give an account for** - "God will ask them about" or "God will judge the value of" -* **idle ** - "useless." Alternate translation: "harmful" (see UDB). -* **they** - "people" -* **you will be justified...you will be condemned** - "God will justify you...God will condemn you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# people will give an account for + +"God will ask people about" or "people will have to explain to God" + +# every idle word they will have said + +Here "word" refers to something that someone says. AT: "every harmful thing they will have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will be justified ... you will be condemned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will justify you ... God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/38.md b/mat/12/38.md index a2ccbaccc3..46bb90bd3f 100644 --- a/mat/12/38.md +++ b/mat/12/38.md @@ -1,19 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jonah]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +The dialogue in these verses happens immediately after Jesus responded to the Pharisees' accusation that he healed a man by the power of Satan. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus rebukes the unbelieving scribes and Pharisees because they demanded that he perform a sign after he had healed the blind, demon possessed man. -* **wish ** - "want" -* **evil and adulterous generation ** - People living at this time loved doing evil and were unfaithful to God. -* **no sign will be given to it** - “God will not give a sign to this evil and adulterous generation.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the sign of Jonah** - This could be translated as “what happened to Jonah” or “the miracle that God did for Jonah” (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in the heart of the earth** - inside a physical grave (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +In verse 39, Jesus begins to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees. + +# wish + +"want" + +# to see a sign from you + +You can make explicit why they want to see a sign. AT: "to see a sign from you that proves what you say is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign ... given to it + +Jesus is speaking to his present generation. AT: "You are an evil and adulterous generation who demands signs from me ... given to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# adulterous generation + +Here "adulterous" is a metaphor for people who are not faithful to God. AT: "unfaithful generation" or "godless generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seeks for a sign + +This request angers Jesus because of the religious leaders skeptical attitude about Jesus. He had already performed many miracles, but they still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no sign will be given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not give a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# except the sign of Jonah the prophet + +"except the same sign God gave to Jonah the prophet" + +# three days and three nights + +Here "day" and "night" mean complete 24-hour periods. AT: "three complete days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# in the heart of the earth + +This means inside a physical grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/41.md b/mat/12/41.md index a3b96eda60..9e47f0c276 100644 --- a/mat/12/41.md +++ b/mat/12/41.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +Jesus continues to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# The men of Nineveh -* Jesus continues to rebuke the unbelieving scribes and Pharisees because they demanded that he perform a sign after he had healed the blind, demon possessed man. -* **The men of Nineveh will stand up…with this generation…and will condemn it** - Alternate translations: "The people of Nineveh will accuse this generation…and God will hear their accusation and condemn you" or "God will judge both the men of Nineveh…and this generation guilty of sin, but because they repented and you did not, he will condemn only you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **this generation** - the people living during the time Jesus was preaching (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **someone greater** - "someone more important" +"The citizens of Nineveh" + +# will stand up at the judgment with this generation + +"will stand up on the judgment day and accuse this generation" + +# this generation + +Jesus means the people living during his time. + +# will condemn it + +It will actually be God who condemns Jesus' generation. AT: "God will listen to the citizens of Nineveh and condemn this generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and see + +"and look." This emphasizes what Jesus says next. + +# someone greater + +"someone more important" + +# someone + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# than Jonah is here + +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Jesus' statement. AT: "than Jonah is here, yet you still have not repented, which is why God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/42.md b/mat/12/42.md index df8d517dd6..ad4c4c6578 100644 --- a/mat/12/42.md +++ b/mat/12/42.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Jesus continues to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# Queen of the South -* Jesus continues to rebuke the unbelieving scribes and Pharisees because they demanded that he perform a sign. -* **The Queen of the South will rise up...with the men of this generation and condemn it** - Alternate translations: "The Queen of the South will accuse this generation...and God will hear her accusation and condemn you" or "God will judge both the Queen of the South...and this generation guilty of sin, but because she came to listen to King Solomon and you did not listen to me, he will condemn only you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Queen of the South** - This refers to the Queen of Sheba, a Gentile kingdom. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **she came from the ends of the earth** - “she came from very far away” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **this generation** - the people living during the time Jesus was preaching (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **someone greater** - "someone more important" +This refers to the Queen of Sheba. Sheba is a land south of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# will rise up at the judgment with the men of this generation + +"will stand up on the judgment day and accuse the men of this generation." See how you translated a similar statement in [Matthew 12:41](./41.md). + +# this generation + +This means the people living during the time Jesus was preaching. + +# condemn it + +It will actually be God who condemns Jesus' generation. See how you translated a similar statement in [Matthew 12:41](./41.md). AT: "and God will listen to the citizens of Nineveh and condemn this generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# She came from the ends of the earth + +Here "ends of the earth" is an idiom that means "far away." AT: "She came from very far away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# She came + +This statement explains why the Queen of the South will condemn Jesus' generations. AT: "For she came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# and see + +"and look." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# someone greater + +"someone more important" + +# someone + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# than Solomon is here + +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Jesus' statement. AT: "than Solomon is here, yet you do not listen. That is why God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/43.md b/mat/12/43.md index 4521f92ef4..a4cdde248c 100644 --- a/mat/12/43.md +++ b/mat/12/43.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] +Jesus continues to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# When an unclean spirit ... with this evil generation -* Jesus continues to rebuke the unbelieving scribes and Pharisees because they demanded that he perform a sign. -* **waterless places** - "dry places" or “places where no people live” (see UDB) -* **does not find it** - "does not find any rest” -* **it says** - "the unclean spirit says" -* **it finds that house swept out and put in order** - Alternate translation: “the unclean spirit finds someone has swept the house clean and has put everything in the house where it belongs.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Jesus tells a parable to warn the people of the danger of not believing him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# waterless places + +"dry places" or "places where no people live" + +# does not find it + +Here "it" refers to rest. + +# Then it says, 'I will return to my house from which I came.' + +This can be translated as a statement rather than a quotation. AT: "So, the unclean spirit decides to return to the house from which it came" + +# to my house from which I came + +This is a metaphor for the person in whom the unclean spirit was living. AT: "to the place I left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it finds that house swept out and put in order + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the unclean spirit finds that someone has swept the house clean and has put everything in the house where it belongs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that house swept out and put in order + +Again, "house" is a metaphor for the person in whom the unclean spirit was living. Here, "swept out and put in order" suggests that no one is living in the house. Jesus means when an unclean spirit leaves a person, the person must invite the Holy Spirit to live in him or else the demon will come back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will be just like that with this evil generation + +This means that if the people of Jesus' generation do not believe him and become his disciples, they will be in a worse situation than they were before he came. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/46.md b/mat/12/46.md index 08534fc87d..f14aaec0dd 100644 --- a/mat/12/46.md +++ b/mat/12/46.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The arrival of Jesus' mother and brothers becomes an opportunity for him to describe his spiritual family. -## translationNotes +# behold -* The arrival of Jesus' mother and brothers becomes an opportunity for him to describe his spiritual family. -* **his mother** - Jesus' human mother -* **his brothers** - This can mean 1) brothers within the same nuclear or extended family (see UDB) or 2) close friends or associates within Israel. -* **seeking** - "wanting" +The word "behold" alerts us to a new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# his mother + +This is Mary, Jesus' human mother. + +# his brothers + +These are probably other children born to Mary. But, it is possible they are Jesus' cousins. + +# seeking to speak + +"wanting to speak" + +# Someone said to him, "Look, your mother and your brothers stand outside, seeking to speak to you." + +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Someone told Jesus that his mother and brothers were outside and wanted to speak to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/48.md b/mat/12/48.md index 1d7db21ed8..9e93a55519 100644 --- a/mat/12/48.md +++ b/mat/12/48.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 12:1](./01.md), where the writer tells of growing opposition to Jesus' ministry. -## translationNotes +# who told him -* The arrival of Jesus' mother and brothers becomes an opportunity for him to describe his spiritual family. -* **him who told him ** - "the person who had told Jesus his mother and brothers were waiting to see him" -* **Who is my mother? And who are my brothers?** - Alternate translation: "I will tell you who is really my mother and brothers." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **whoever** - "anyone" +The details of the message the person told Jesus are understood and not repeated here. AT: "who told Jesus that his mother and brothers wanted to speak to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Who is my mother and who are my brothers? + +Jesus uses these questions to teach the people. AT: "I will tell you who are really my mother and brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See + +"Look." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# here are my mother and my brothers + +This is a metaphor that means Jesus' disciples belong to Jesus' spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whoever + +"anyone" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# that person is my brother, and sister, and mother + +This is a metaphor meaning that those who obey God belong to Jesus' spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/intro.md b/mat/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..586221f7be --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Matthew 12 General Notes # + +=##### Structure and Formatting ##### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 12:18-21, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Sabbath ##### + +Obedience to the Sabbath is an important part of this chapter. However, Jesus distinguishes between following the Sabbath the way God commanded and following the rules the Pharisees created about the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +##### "Blasphemy against the Spirit" ##### + +There is a great deal of controversy regarding properly identifying this specific sin. However, it seems to involve insulting the Holy Spirit and his work. Since part of his work is to convince people that they are sinners and that they need God's forgiveness, anyone who mocked this truth would be unwilling to come in repentance to God. For this reason, he would not be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Brother and Sisters ##### +This chapter introduces the concept of "spiritual" brothers and sisters. Scripture uses these terms to refer to the relationship between fellow Israelites. Here, those who follow Jesus are now referred to as brothers and sisters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/01.md b/mat/13/01.md index 81abe006a8..f48976ae24 100644 --- a/mat/13/01.md +++ b/mat/13/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story where Jesus begins to teach the crowds, using parables, about the kingdom of heaven. -## translationNotes +# On that day -* In this chapter, Jesus sat in a boat near the beach and told a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. -* **On that day** - These events happened on the same day as the previous chapter. -* **out of the house** - It is not mentioned at whose house Jesus was staying. -* **got into a boat** - This was probably an open wooden fishing boat with a sail. +These events happened on the same day as those in the previous chapter. + +# sat beside the sea + +It is implied that he sat down to teach the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# out of the house + +It is not mentioned at whose house Jesus was staying. + +# so he got into a boat + +It is implied that Jesus got into a boat because it would make it easier to teach the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a boat + +This was probably an open, wooden fishing boat with a sail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/03.md b/mat/13/03.md index 76642fddf3..458947d9bd 100644 --- a/mat/13/03.md +++ b/mat/13/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a person who sows seeds. -## translationNotes +# Jesus said many things to them in parables -* Jesus tells a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. -* **Jesus said many things to them in parables ** - "Jesus told them many things in parables" -* **to them** - to the people in the crowd -* **Behold ** - Alternate translations: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” -* **A sower went out to sow** - “A farmer went out to scatter some seeds in a field.” -* **As he sowed ** - "As the sower sowed" -* **beside the road** - the “path” next to the field. The ground would have been hard from the people walking on it. -* **devoured them ** - "ate all the seeds" -* **rocky ground ** - shallow soil over rocks -* **Immediately they sprang up** - "The seeds quickly sprouted and grew" -* **they were scorched ** - "the sun scorched the plants and they became too hot" (See: Active or Passive) -* **they withered away ** - “the plants became dry and died” +"Jesus told them many things in parables" + +# to them + +"to the people in the crowd" + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen." This word calls attention to what is to be said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# a farmer went out to sow seed + +"a farmer went out to scatter seeds in a field" + +# As he sowed + +"As the farmer scattered the seed" + +# beside the road + +This refers to a "path" next to the field. The ground there would have been hard from people walking on it. + +# devoured them + +"ate all the seeds" + +# rocky ground + +This is ground full of rocks with just a thin layer of soil on top of the rocks. + +# Immediately they sprang up + +"The seeds quickly sprouted and grew" + +# they were scorched + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sun scorched the plants, and they became too hot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they withered away + +"the plants became dry and died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/07.md b/mat/13/07.md index 439c0ee524..c86039773b 100644 --- a/mat/13/07.md +++ b/mat/13/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] +Jesus finishes telling a parable about a person who sows seeds. -## translationNotes +# fell among the thorn plants -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. -* **fell among the thorn plants** - "fell where thorn plants would also grow" -* **choked them** - "choked the new sprouts." Use the usual word for the way weeds prevent other plants from growing well. -* **produced grain ** - "produced a crop" or "grew more seeds" or "gave fruit" -* **He who has ears, let him listen** - AT: "You who have ears to listen, listen." -* **He who has ears** - "Whoever can hear" or "Whoever hears me" -* **let him listen** - "let him listen well" or "let him pay attention to what I say" +"fell where plants with thorns grew" + +# choked them + +"choked the new sprouts." Use your word for the way weeds prevent other plants from growing well. + +# produced grain + +"produced a crop" or "grew more seeds" or "gave fruit" + +# some one hundred times as much, some sixty, and some thirty + +You can make clear the understood information as was done in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# one hundred ... sixty ... thirty + +"100 ... 60 ... 30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He who has ears + +This is a way of referring to everyone listening. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/13.md). AT: "Everyone who is listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him listen + +Here "listen" means paying attention. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/13.md). AT: "must pay careful attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/10.md b/mat/13/10.md index ef304873e3..5dc1be7379 100644 --- a/mat/13/10.md +++ b/mat/13/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] +Jesus explains to his disciples why he teaches with parables. -## translationNotes +# to them -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. -* **to them ** - to the disciples -* **You have been given the privilege of understanding mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given** - This can be translated with the active form and supplying implied information: “God has given you the privilege of understanding mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but God has not given it to these people” or “God has made you able to understand mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but he has not enabled these people.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **You** - the disciples -* **mysteries** - Truths that had been kept hidden but Jesus is now revealing. Alternate translation: "secrets" or "hidden truths" (see UDB). -* **whoever has** - “whoever has understanding” or “whoever receives what I teach.” -* **to him will be given more** - This can be translated with the active form: “God will give him more understanding.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he will have a great deal** - "he will understand clearly" -* **whoever has not ** - “whoever does not have understanding” or “whoever does not receive what I teach” -* **from him will be taken away even what he has ** - This can be translated with the active form: "God will take away even what he has." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "them" refers to the disciples. + +# You have been given the privilege of understanding mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given + +This can be translated with the active form and supplying implied information. AT: "God has given you the privilege of understanding mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but God has not given it to these people" or "God has made you able to understand mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but he has not enabled these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You + +This is plural and refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# mysteries of the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" occurs only in the book of Matthew. If possible, try to keep it in your translation. AT: "the secrets about our God in heaven and his rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whoever has + +"whoever has understanding" or "whoever receives what I teach" + +# even more will be given + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will give him more understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whoever does not have + +"whoever does not have understanding" or "whoever does not receive what I teach" + +# even what he has will be taken away from him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will take away even what he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/13.md b/mat/13/13.md index 8a9d87db64..63d33603b5 100644 --- a/mat/13/13.md +++ b/mat/13/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Jesus continues to explain to his disciples why he teaches in parables. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. -* **I talk to them** - The pronoun"them" here is referring to the people in the crowd throughout these two verses. -* **because although they see, they do not really see, and although they hear, they do not really hear** - Jesus uses this parallelism to tell the disciples that the crowd refuses to understand. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **although they see, they do not really see** - “though they see, they do not perceive.” If the verbs require an object, this could be translated as “though they see things, they do not understand them” or “though they see things happen, they do not understand what they mean.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_verbs]]) -* **although they hear, they do not really hear, neither do they understand** - “though they hear, they do not understand.” If the verbs require an object, it could be translated as “though they hear instruction, they do not understand the truth.” -* **While hearing you will hear, but you will in no way understand; While seeing you will see, but you will in no way perceive** - This begins a quote from the prophet Isaiah about the unbelieving people of Isaiah's day. Jesus is using this quote to describe the crowd that was listening to Him. This is another parallelism. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **While hearing you will hear, but you will in no way understand** - This can be translated "You will hear, but you will not understand." If the verbs require an object, it could be translated as "You will hear things, but you will not understand them." -* **While seeing you will see, but you will in no way perceive** - "You will see, but you will not perceive." If the verbs require an object, it could be translated as "You will see things, but you will not perceive them." +In verse 14, Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that the people's failure to understand Jesus' teaching is a fulfillment of prophecy. + +# to them ... they + +All occurrences of "them" and "they" refer to the people in the crowd. + +# Though they are seeing, they do not see; and though they are hearing, they do not hear, or understand. + +Jesus uses this parallelism to tell and emphasize to the disciples that the crowd refuses to understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Though they are seeing + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to them seeing what Jesus does. AT: "Though they see what I do" or 2) this refers to their ability to see. AT: "Though they are able to see" + +# they do not see + +Here "see" represents understanding. AT: "they do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# though they are hearing + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to them hearing what Jesus teaches. AT: "Though they hear what I say" or 2) this refers to their ability to hear. AT: "Though they are able to hear" + +# they do not hear + +Here "hear" represents listening well. AT: "they do not listen well" or "they do not pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# To them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, that which says + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They are fulfilling what God said long ago through the prophet Isaiah" + +# While hearing you will hear, but you will in no way understand; while seeing you will see, but you will in no way perceive + +This begins a quote from the prophet Isaiah about the unbelieving people of Isaiah's day. Jesus is using this quote to describe the very crowd that was listening to him. These statements are again parallel and emphasize that the people refuse to understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# While hearing you will hear, but you will in no way understand + +"You will hear things, but you will not understand them." You can make explicit what the people will hear. AT: "You will hear what God says through the prophets, but you will not understand its true meaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# while seeing you will see, but you will in no way perceive + +You can make explicit what the people will see. AT: "you will see what God does through the prophets, but you will not understand it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/15.md b/mat/13/15.md index 9b012312ee..c157b7c214 100644 --- a/mat/13/15.md +++ b/mat/13/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Jesus finishes quoting the prophet Isaiah. -## translationNotes +# For this people's heart ... I would heal them -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. He continues to repeat the words of Isaiah that began in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:13]]. -* **this people's heart has become dull ** - "these people can no longer learn" (see UDB). -* **their ears are heavy of hearing** - "they no longer desire to listen" (see UDB). -* **their eyes they have closed** - "they have closed their eyes" or "they refuse to see" -* **Lest they should perhaps perceive with their eyes, Hear with their ears, Understand with their heart, And should turn again ** - "So that they will not be able to see with their eyes, Hear with their ears, Understand with their heart, And as a result turn again." -* **turn again** - "turn back" or "repent" -* **And I should heal them** - "And have me heal them." Alternate translation: "And have me receive them again." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +In 13:15 God describes the people of Israel as if they have physical diseases that cause them to be unable to learn, to see, and to hear. God wants them to come to him so he will heal them. This is all a metaphor describing the people's spiritual condition. It means the people are stubborn and refuse to receive and understand God's truth. If they would, then they would repent and God would forgive them and welcome them back as his people. If the meaning is clear, keep the metaphor in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this people's heart has become dull + +Here "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "these people's minds are slow to learn" or "these people can no longer learn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they are hard of hearing + +They are not physically deaf. Here "hard of hearing" means they refuse to listen and learn God's truth. AT: "they refuse to use their ears to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have closed their eyes + +They have not literally closed their eyes. This means they refuse to understand. AT: "they refuse to use their eyes to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so they should not see with their eyes, or hear with their ears, or understand with their hearts, so they would turn again + +"so that they are not able to see with their eyes, hear with their ears, or understand with their heart, and as a result turn again." + +# turn again + +"turn back to me" or "repent" + +# I would heal them + +"have me heal them." This means God would heal them spiritually by forgiving their sins and receiving them again as his people. AT: "have me receive them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/16.md b/mat/13/16.md index b3d63448fa..5b579b3eb7 100644 --- a/mat/13/16.md +++ b/mat/13/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Jesus finishes explaining to his disciples why he teaches with parables. -## translationNotes +# But blessed are your eyes, for they see; and your ears, for they hear -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. -* **your...you** - Jesus is speaking to his disciples. -* **for they see** - "for they can see" or "for they are able to see" -* **for they hear** - "for they can hear" or "for they are able to hear" -* **the things that you see** - "the things you have seen me do" -* **the things that you hear ** - "the things you have heard me say" +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that they have pleased God because they have believed what Jesus has said and done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# But blessed are your eyes, for they see + +Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "You are blessed because your eyes are able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your ... you + +All occurrences of these words are plural and refer to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your ears, for they hear + +Here "ears" refer to the whole person. You can also make clear the understood information. AT: "you are blessed because your ears are able to hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# the things that you see + +You can make explicit what they have seen. AT: "the things you have seen me do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the things that you hear + +You can make explicit what they have heard. AT: "the things you have heard me say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/18.md b/mat/13/18.md index 3632e8a80a..bf913247a1 100644 --- a/mat/13/18.md +++ b/mat/13/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +Here Jesus begins to explain to his disciples the parable about a person who sows seeds, which he began in [Matthew 13:3](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# the word of the kingdom -* [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:07]]. -* **the evil one comes and snatches away what has been sown in his heart** - "Satan causes him to forget the word of God that he has heard". -* **snatches away ** - Try to use a word that means to grab something away from someone who is the rightful owner. -* **what has been sown in his heart** - This can be translated with the active form: "the word God sowed in his heart." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in his heart** - in the heart of the hearer -* **This is he who was sown on the wayside** - If a literal translation makes no sense, try to translate so the reader understands that Jesus is the sower, the message is the seed, and the hearer is the soil on the wayside. Possible translation: "This is how it is with what was sown on the wayside." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **wayside ** - "road" or "path." Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:03]]. +Here "word" refers to a message. And "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "the message about God's rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the evil one comes and snatches away what has been sown in his heart + +Jesus speaks of Satan causing the person to forget what he has heard as if he were a bird snatching the seed from the ground. AT: "The evil one causes him to forget the message that he has heard just like a bird that snatches away seed from the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the evil one + +This refers to Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# snatches away + +Try to use a word that means to grab something away from someone who is the rightful owner. + +# what has been sown in his heart + +This can be translated in active form: AT: "the message that God sowed in his heart" or "the message that he heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in his heart + +Here "heart" refers to the mind of the hearer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This is the seed that was sown beside the road + +"This is the meaning of the seed that was sown beside the road" or "The road where seed was sown represents this person" + +# beside the road + +See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/20.md b/mat/13/20.md index 18dabb49f1..e916887138 100644 --- a/mat/13/20.md +++ b/mat/13/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:tribulation]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus continues to explain to his disciples the parable about a person who sows seeds. -## translationNotes +# What was sown on rocky ground -* [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:07]]. -* **He who was sown on the rocky ground** - If a literal translation makes no sense, try to translate so the reader understands that Jesus is the sower, the message is the seed, and the hearer is the rocky ground. Possible translation: "This is how it is with what was sown on the rocky ground." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **he has no root** - "he has shallow roots" or "he allows the young plant no place for its roots" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **because of the word ** - "because of the message" -* **he stumbles immediately ** - "immediately he falls away" or "immediately he abandons his faith." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The phrase "what was sown" refers to seed that fell. AT: "The seed that fell on rocky ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What was sown on rocky ground is + +"The rocky ground where seed was sown represents" or "The rocky ground where seed fell fell represents" + +# the person who hears the word + +In the parable, the seed represents the word. + +# the word + +This represents God's message. AT: "the message" or "God's teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# receives it with joy + +Believing the word is spoken of as receiving it. AT: "joyfully believes it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# yet he has no root in himself and he endures for a while + +"Yet he has shallow roots and only lasts for a little while." The root represents what makes a person continue to believe God's message. AT: "But like a plant that does not grow deep roots, he only endures for a little while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he quickly falls away + +Here "falls away" means to stop believing. AT: "immediately he falls away" or "he quickly stops believing the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/22.md b/mat/13/22.md index c7aa8f2e91..f9cf766977 100644 --- a/mat/13/22.md +++ b/mat/13/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus continues to explain to his disciples the parable about a person who sows seeds. -## translationNotes +# What was sown -* [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:07]]. -* **He who was sown among the thorn plants...He who was sown on the good soil** - If a literal translation makes no sense, try to translate so the reader understands that Jesus is the sower, the message is the seed, and the hearer is the ground with thorn plants. Possible translation: "This is how it is with what was sown on the ground with thorn plants...This is how it is with what was sown on the good soil." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **the word** - "the message" -* **the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becomes unfruitful** - This can be translated "as weeds prevent good plants from growing, the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches keep this person from becoming fruitful” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **cares of the world ** - “the things in this world that people worry about” -* **becomes unfruitful ** - “becomes unproductive" -* **this is he who truly produces fruit and brings it forth** - “these are the ones who are fruitful and productive” or “like healthy plants that produce good fruit, these people are productive.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This refers to seed that was sown or that fell. AT: "The seed that was sown" or "The seed that fell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What was sown among the thorn plants + +"the ground with the thorn plants where seed was sown" + +# this is the person + +"this represents the person" + +# the word + +Here "the word" represents God's message. AT: "the message" or "God's teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word + +Jesus speaks about the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches distracting a person from obeying God's word as if they were weeds that could wind around a plant and keep it from growing. AT: "as weeds prevent good plants from growing, the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches keep this person from listening to God's word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cares of the world + +"the things in this world that people worry about" + +# the deceitfulness of riches + +Jesus describes "riches" as if it were a person who could deceive someone. This means people think having more money will make them happy, but it will not. AT: "the love of money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# he becomes unfruitful + +The person is spoken of as if he were a plant. Being unfruitful represents being unproductive. AT: "he becomes unproductive" or "he does not do what God wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What was sown on the good soil + +"The good soil where seeds were sown" + +# He bears fruit and makes a crop + +The person is spoken of as if he were a plant. AT: "Like a healthy plant that bears a crop of fruit, he is productive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# yielding one hundred times as much as was planted, some sixty, and some thirty times as much + +The phrase "as much as was planted" is understood following each of these numbers. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:8](./07.md). AT: "Some people produce 100 times as much as was planted, some produce 60 times as much, and some produce 30 times as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/24.md b/mat/13/24.md index d0949d7eb4..ff09cf2a6f 100644 --- a/mat/13/24.md +++ b/mat/13/24.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +Here Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a field with both wheat and weeds growing in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# The kingdom of heaven is like a man -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. -* **Jesus presented another parable to them** - Jesus told another parable to the crowd of people. -* **The kingdom of heaven is like a man** - The translation should not equate the kingdom of heaven to a man, but rather the kingdom of heaven is like the situation described in the parable (see UDB). -* **good seed** - "good food seeds" or "good grain seeds." The audience probably thought that Jesus was talking about wheat. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **his enemy came ** - "his enemy came to the field." -* **weeds** - This can be translated "bad seed" or "weed seeds." These weeds look like food plants when they are young, but the grain is poison. -* **When the blades sprouted** - "when the wheat seeds sprouted" or "when the plants came up" -* **brought forth their crop** - "produced grain" or "produced the wheat crop" -* **then the weeds appeared also ** - Alternate translation: "then people could see that there were weeds in the field also." +The translation should not equate the kingdom of heaven to a man, but rather the kingdom of heaven is like the situation described in the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The kingdom of heaven is like + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. AT: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# good seed + +"good food seeds" or "good grain seeds." The audience probably thought that Jesus was talking about wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his enemy came + +"his enemy came to the field" + +# weeds + +These weeds look like food plants when they are young, but their grain is poison. AT: "bad seed" or "weed seeds" + +# When the blades sprouted + +"When the wheat seeds sprouted" or "When the plants came up" + +# produced their crop + +"produced grain" or "produced the wheat crop" + +# then the weeds appeared also + +"then people could see there were weeds in the field also" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/27.md b/mat/13/27.md index 2f5a19c139..01ccc7f62f 100644 --- a/mat/13/27.md +++ b/mat/13/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus continues to tell a parable about a field with both wheat and weeds growing in it. -## translationNotes +# the landowner -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. These verses continue the parable of the weeds. -* **the landowner** - This is the same person who sowed good seed in his field. -* **did you not sow good seed in your field?** - "you sowed good seed in your field." The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds (see UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [en:ta:translate:metonymy]]). -* **He said to them** - "The landowner said to the servants" -* **So do you want us** - The word "us" refers to the servants. +This is the same person who sowed good seed in his field. + +# did you not sow good seed in your field? + +The servants used a question to emphasize their surprise. AT: "you sowed good seed in your field!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# did you not sow + +The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds. AT: "we sowed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He said to them + +"The landowner said to the servants" + +# So do you want us + +The word "us" refers to the servants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/29.md b/mat/13/29.md index 7d3f29f036..f0b3065b6b 100644 --- a/mat/13/29.md +++ b/mat/13/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +Jesus concludes the parable about a field with both wheat and weeds growing in it. -## translationNotes +# The landowner said -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. These verses conclude the parable of the weeds. -* **The landowner said** - "The landowner said to his servants" -* **I will say to the reapers, "First pull out the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, but gather the wheat into my barn"** - You can translate this as an indirect quote: "I will tell the reapers to first gather up the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, then gather the wheat into my barn." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **my barn** - A barn is a farm building that can be used for storing grain. +"The landowner said to his servants" + +# I will say to the reapers, "First pull out the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, but gather the wheat into my barn." + +You can translate this as an indirect quote (AT): "I will tell the reapers to first gather up the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, then gather the wheat into my barn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# barn + +a farm building that can be used for storing grain \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/31.md b/mat/13/31.md index 0d62df412b..b0b33f953d 100644 --- a/mat/13/31.md +++ b/mat/13/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a very small seed that grows into a very big plant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# The kingdom of heaven is like -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. -* **Jesus presented another parable to them** - "Jesus told another parable to the crowd of people" -* **The kingdom of heaven is like** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:24]]. -* **mustard seed** - a very small seed that grows into a large plant (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **This seed is indeed the smallest of all other seeds** - Mustard seeds were the smallest seeds known to the original hearers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **But when it has grown** - "But when the plant has grown" -* **becomes a tree** - “becomes a large bush” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **birds of the air** - “birds” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). AT: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# mustard seed + +a very small seed that grows into a large plant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# This seed is indeed the smallest of all other seeds + +Mustard seeds were the smallest seeds known to the original hearers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But when it has grown + +"But when the plant has grown" + +# it is greater than + +"it is larger than" + +# becomes a tree + +A mustard plant can grow about 2 to 4 meters tall. + +# birds of the air + +"birds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/33.md b/mat/13/33.md index d53aa80ced..4fbb6a2b45 100644 --- a/mat/13/33.md +++ b/mat/13/33.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about the effect that yeast has on flour. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# The kingdom of heaven is like yeast -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. -* **Jesus then told them another parable** - "Jesus then told another parable to the crowd" -* **The kingdom of heaven is like** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:24]]. The kingdom is not like the yeast, but the spread of the kingdom is like the spreading of the yeast. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **three measures of flour** - “a large amount of flour” or with a term that your culture uses for measuring large amounts of flour (see UDB). -* **until it rose** - until the dough rose. The implied information is that the yeast and the three measures of flour were made into dough for baking. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The kingdom is not like the yeast, but the spread of the kingdom is like the spreading of the yeast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The kingdom of heaven is like + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). AT: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# three measures of flour + +Say "a large amount of flour" or use a term that your culture uses for measuring large amounts of flour. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# until all the dough had risen + +The implied information is that the yeast and the three measures of flour were made into dough for baking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/34.md b/mat/13/34.md index b07ac696dc..1b498d0561 100644 --- a/mat/13/34.md +++ b/mat/13/34.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here the author quotes from the Psalms to show that Jesus' teaching in parables fulfilled prophecy. -## translationNotes +# All these things Jesus said to the crowds in parables; and he said nothing to them without a parable -* Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. -* **All these things Jesus said to the crowds in parables; and without parables he said nothing to them** - The order "said...parables...parables...said" is meant to emphasize that he spoke to them in parables. -* **All these things** - This refers to what Jesus taught beginning at [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:01]]. -* **without parables he said nothing to them** - "he taught them nothing except by parables." Alternate translation: "everything he said to them he said in parables." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **what had been said through the prophet might come true, when he said ** - This can be translated with an active verb: "he made come true what God told one of the prophets to write long ago" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when he said** - "when the prophet said" -* **things that were hidden** - This can be translated with an active verb: "things that God has kept hidden".(See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from the foundation of the world** - "since the beginning of the world" or "since God created the world." +Both sentences mean the same thing. They are combined to emphasize that Jesus taught the crowds only with parables. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# All these things + +This refers to what Jesus taught beginning at [Matthew 13:1](./01.md). + +# he said nothing to them without a parable + +"he taught them nothing except by parables." The double negative can be expressed in a positive way. AT: "everything he taught them he said in parables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# what had been said through the prophet might come true, when he said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he made come true what God told one of the prophets to write long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when he said + +"when the prophet said" + +# I will open my mouth + +This is an idiom that means to speak. AT: "I will speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# things that were hidden + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "things that God has kept hidden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the foundation of the world + +"since the beginning of the world" or "since God created the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/36.md b/mat/13/36.md index b40128becb..28228065b2 100644 --- a/mat/13/36.md +++ b/mat/13/36.md @@ -1,28 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here the scene shifts to the house where Jesus and his disciples were staying. Jesus begins to explain to them the parable of the field that had both wheat and weeds, which he told beginning in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). -## translationNotes +# went into the house -* Jesus went into a house with his disciples to explain some parables about the kingdom of God. -* **went into the house** - "went indoors" or "went into the house where he was staying." -* **He who sows** - "The sower" -* **the Son of Man** - Jesus is referring to himself. -* **sons of the kingdom** - "people who belong to the kingdom" -* **sons of the evil one** - "people who belong to the evil one" -* **the enemy who sowed them** - the enemy who sowed the weeds. -* **end of the world** - "end of the age" +"went indoors" or "went into the house where he was staying" + +# He who sows + +"The sower" + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the sons of the kingdom + +Here "sons of" means to belong to or to have the same character as someone or something. AT: "the people who belong to the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# of the kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to God the king. AT: "of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sons of the evil one + +Here "sons of" means to belong to or to have the same character as someone or something. AT: "the people who belong to the evil one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the enemy who sowed them + +"the enemy who sowed the weeds" + +# end of the world + +"end of the age" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/40.md b/mat/13/40.md index fd3528f43b..5ae98253eb 100644 --- a/mat/13/40.md +++ b/mat/13/40.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus finishes explaining to his disciples the parable of the field with both wheat and weeds. -## translationNotes +# Therefore, as the weeds are gathered up and burned with fire -* Jesus went into a house with his disciples and continued to explain the parables about the kingdom of God. -* **Therefore, as the weeds are gathered up and burned with fire** - This can be translated with active verbs: "Therefore, as people gather up weeds and burn them in the fire." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **end of the world** - "end of the age" -* **The Son of Man will send forth his angels** - Jesus is here speaking of himself. This can be translated "I, the Son of Man, will send forth my angels." -* **those who commit iniquity** - "those who do lawlessness" or "evil people" -* **furnace of fire ** - This can be translated "fiery furnace." If "furnace" is not known, "oven" can be used. -* **shine forth like the sun** - "be as easy to see as the sun" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He who has ears, let him listen** - AT: "You who have ears, listen" or "You have ears, so listen." +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Therefore, as people gather up weeds and burn them in the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# end of the world + +"end of the age" + +# The Son of Man will send out his angels + +Here Jesus is speaking of himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man, will send out my angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# those who commit iniquity + +"those who are lawless" or "evil people" + +# furnace of fire + +This is a metaphor for the fires of hell. If the term "furnace" is not known, "oven" can be used. AT: "fiery furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# weeping and grinding of teeth + +This represents extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/11.md). + +# shine like the sun + +If this simile is not understandable in your language, you can use: "be as easy to see as the sun." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# He who has ears + +This is a way of referring to everyone listening. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/13.md). AT: "Everyone who is listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him listen + +Here "listen" means paying attention. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/13.md). AT: "must pay careful attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/44.md b/mat/13/44.md index 6907e6de3d..cd4e48efbd 100644 --- a/mat/13/44.md +++ b/mat/13/44.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling two parables about people who sold their possessions to purchase something of great value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus went into a house with his disciples and continued to explain the parables about the kingdom of God. In these two parables, Jesus uses two similes to teach his disciples what the kingdom of heaven is like. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **The kingdom of heaven is like** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:24]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a treasure hidden in a field** - A treasure is a very valuable and precious thing or collection of things. This can be translated with an active verb: "a treasure that someone had hidden in a field" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **hid it** - "covered it up" -* **sells everything he possesses, and buys that field** - The implied information is that the person buys the field to take possession of the hidden treasure. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **a merchant** - A merchant is a trader or wholesale dealer, often obtaining merchandise from distant places. -* **looking for valuable pearls** - The implied information is that the man was looking for valuable pearls that he could buy. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **valuable pearls** - This can be translated "fine pearls" or "beautiful pearls". A "pearl" is a smooth, hard, shiny, white or light-colored bead formed inside mollusks in the sea and highly prized as a gem or to make valuable jewelry. +In these two parables, Jesus uses two similes to teach his disciples what the kingdom of heaven is like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The kingdom of heaven is like + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). AT: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# like a treasure hidden in a field + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a treasure that someone had hidden in a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# treasure + +a very valuable and precious thing or collection of things + +# hid it + +"covered it up" + +# sells everything he possesses, and buys that field + +The implied information is that the person buys the field to take possession of the hidden treasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like a man who is a merchant looking for valuable pearls + +The implied information is that the man was looking for valuable pearls that he could buy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a merchant + +a trader or wholesale dealer who often obtains merchandise from distant places + +# valuable pearls + +A "pearl" is a smooth, hard, shiny, white or light-colored bead formed inside mollusks in the sea and highly prized as a gem or to make into valuable jewelry. AT: "fine pearls" or "beautiful pearls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/47.md b/mat/13/47.md index 571cb768dd..a919d64c38 100644 --- a/mat/13/47.md +++ b/mat/13/47.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fisherman]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about fishermen who use a large net to catch fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# the kingdom of heaven is like a net -* Jesus went into a house with his disciples and continued to explain the parables about the kingdom of God. In this parable, Jesus again uses a simile to teach his disciples what the kingdom of heaven is like. (See: Simile) -* **the kingdom of heaven is like** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:24]]. The kingdom is not like the net, but the kingdom draws all kinds of people like a net catches all kinds of fish. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like a net that was cast into the sea** - This can be translated with an active verb: "like a net that some fishermen cast into the sea." -* **a net that was cast into the sea** - "a net that was thrown into the lake" -* **gathered creatures of every kind** - "caught all kinds of fish" -* **drew it up on the beach** - "pulled the net up onto the beach" or "pulled the net ashore" -* **the good things** - "the good ones" -* **the worthless things ** - "the bad fish" or "the inedible fish" -* **threw away** - "did not keep" +The kingdom is not like the net, but the kingdom draws all kinds of people like a net catches all kinds of fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the kingdom of heaven is like + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). AT: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# like a net that was cast into the sea + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "like a net that some fishermen cast into the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was cast into the sea + +"was thrown into the lake" + +# gathered creatures of every kind + +"caught all kinds of fish" + +# drew it up on the beach + +"pulled the net up onto the beach" or "pulled the net ashore" + +# the good things + +"the good ones" + +# the worthless things + +"the bad fish" or "the inedible fish" + +# threw away + +"did not keep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/49.md b/mat/13/49.md index 236bb3b3e1..5170b1c35f 100644 --- a/mat/13/49.md +++ b/mat/13/49.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus explains the parable about fishermen who use a large net to catch fish. -## translationNotes +# end of the world -* Jesus went into a house with his disciples and continued to explain the parables about the kingdom of God. -* **end of the world** - "end of the age" -* **come forth** - "come out" or "go out" or "come from heaven" -* **throw them** - "throw the wicked" -* **furnace of fire** - This can be translated “fiery furnace.” This is a metaphor for the fires of hell that uses the imagery of the Old Testament passage Daniel 3:6. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) If the term “furnace” is not known, “oven” can be used. -* **where there will be weeping and grinding of teeth** - "where the wicked people will cry and grind their teeth" +"end of the age" + +# come + +"come out" or "go out" or "come from heaven" + +# the wicked from among the righteous + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "the wicked people from the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# They will throw them + +"The angels will throw the wicked people" + +# furnace of fire + +This is a metaphor for the fires of hell. If the term "furnace" is not known, "oven" can be used. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:42](./40.md). AT: "fiery furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# weeping and grinding of teeth + +This represents extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/51.md b/mat/13/51.md index 7fc90eeab4..1916a3b40e 100644 --- a/mat/13/51.md +++ b/mat/13/51.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a person who manages a household. This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus teaching the crowds about the kingdom of heaven through using parables. -## translationNotes +# Have you understood all these things?" The disciples said to him, "Yes." -* Jesus went into a house with his disciples and continued to explain the parables about the kingdom of God. -* **"Have you understood all these things?" The disciples said to him, "Yes."** - If necessary, this can be written as an indirect quotation such as "Jesus asked them if they had understood all this, and they said they had." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **has become a disciple to** - "has learned about" -* **treasure** - A treasure is a very valuable and precious thing or a collection of things. Here it may refer to the place where these things are stored, the "treasury" or "storeroom." +If necessary, both direct quotations can be translated as indirect quotations. AT: "Jesus asked them if they had understood all this, and they said that they did understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# has become a disciple to the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "has learned the truth about our God in heaven, who is king" or "has submitted himself to God's rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is like a man who is the owner of a house, who draws out old and new things from his treasure + +Jesus speaks another parable. He compares scribes, who know very well the scriptures that Moses and the prophets wrote, and who also now accept Jesus' teachings, to a house owner who uses both old and new treasures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# treasure + +A treasure is a very valuable and precious thing or a collection of things. Here it may refer to the place where these things are stored, the "treasury" or "storeroom." + +# Then it came about that when + +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. AT: "Then" or "After" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/54.md b/mat/13/54.md index 979420177d..0c0002a982 100644 --- a/mat/13/54.md +++ b/mat/13/54.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:josephnt]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 17:27](../17/26.md), where the writer tells of continued opposition to Jesus' ministry and teaching about the kingdom of heaven. Here, the people of Jesus' home town reject him. -## translationNotes +# his own region -* This is the account of how the people of Jesus' home town rejected him when he taught in their synagogue. -* **his own region** - "his hometown" (see UDB) -* **in their synagogue** - The pronoun "their" is referring to the people of the region. -* **they were astonished** - "they were amazed" -* **and these miracles** - "and where does he get the power to do these miracles" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **the carpenter's son** - A carpenter is someone who makes things with wood or stone. If "carpenter" is not known, "builder" can be used. +"his hometown." This refers to the town of Nazareth where Jesus grew up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in their synagogue + +The pronoun "their" is referring to the people of the region. + +# they were astonished + +"they were amazed" + +# Where does this man get his wisdom and these miracles from? + +The people use this question to express their amazement that Jesus was so wise and was able to do miracles. AT: "How can an ordinary man like this be so wise and do such great miracles?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is not this man the carpenter's son? Is not his mother called Mary? Are not his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas? Are not all his sisters with us? + +The crowd uses these questions to express their belief that they know who Jesus is and that he is just an ordinary man. AT: "He is just the son of a carpenter. We know his mother Mary, and his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas. And all his sisters are with us, too." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the carpenter's son + +A carpenter is someone who makes things with wood or stone. If "carpenter" is not known, "builder" can be used. + +# Where did he get all these things? + +The crowd uses this question to show their surprise that an ordinary person from their region would be able to do these things. AT: "An ordinary man should not be able to do these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/57.md b/mat/13/57.md index b2a018f698..dbef425411 100644 --- a/mat/13/57.md +++ b/mat/13/57.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They were offended by him -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Jesus' hometown took offense at him" or "The people rejected Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# A prophet is not without honor -* This continues the account of how the people of Jesus' home town rejected him when he taught in their synagogue. -* **They were offended by him** - "The people of Jesus' hometown took offense at him" or "...would not accept him" -* **A prophet is not without honor** - "A prophet is honored everywhere" or "a prophet receives honor everywhere" or "people honor a prophet everywhere" -* **his own country** - "his own region" or "his own hometown" -* **his own family** - "his own home" -* **he did not do many miracles there** - Jesus did not do many miracles in his own hometown" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "A prophet receives honor everywhere" or "People everywhere honor a prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# his own country + +"his own region" or "his own hometown" + +# in his own family + +"in his own home" + +# He did not do many miracles there + +"Jesus did not do many miracles in his own hometown" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/intro.md b/mat/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..56df33f2fd --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Matthew 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:14-15, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +This chapter begins a new section. It contains some of Jesus' parables about the kingdom of heaven. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Parables ##### + +A parable is a short story used to illustrate a moral or religious lesson. In this chapter, the parables, reveal truth about the kingdom of heaven to those who have faith in Jesus. They also conceal these same truths from those who reject Jesus ([Matthew 13:11-13](./10.md)). These parables usually take the form of stories. + +==Synecdoche and Merism == +In this chapter, Matthew references the eyes seeing and the ears hearing. This chapter uses these figures of speech to encourage his reader to understand these parable's lessons. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/01.md b/mat/14/01.md index b86e64c0ec..a655763641 100644 --- a/mat/14/01.md +++ b/mat/14/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:tetrarch]] +These verses explain Herod's reaction when he heard about Jesus. This event happens some time after the events that follow in the narrative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## translationNotes +# About that time -* 12]] happened before the events described here. -* **About that time** - "In those days" or "While Jesus was ministering in Galilee." -* **Herod the tetrarch** - Herod Antipas, ruler of one-fourth of Israel (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **heard the news about Jesus** - "heard reports about Jesus" or "heard about the fame of Jesus" -* **He said** - "Herod said" +"In those days" or "While Jesus was ministering in Galilee" + +# heard the news about Jesus + +"heard reports about Jesus" or "heard about the fame of Jesus" + +# He said + +"Herod said" + +# has risen from the dead + +"has come back to life" + +# Therefore these powers are at work in him + +Some Jews at that time believed if a person came back from the dead he would have powers to do mighty things. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/03.md b/mat/14/03.md index 5f0f54abc5..db39afe00e 100644 --- a/mat/14/03.md +++ b/mat/14/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:herodias]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Here the author begins to tell about how Herod had executed John the Baptist. These events occur some time before the event in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This continues the account of how Herod killed John the Baptist. -* **Herod had laid hold upon John, bound him, and put him in prison** - Most likely, Herod had ordered others to do these actions for him. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Herod had laid hold upon John** - "Herod had John arrested" -* **For John had said to him, "It is not lawful for you to have her as your wife"** - "For John had said to him that it was not lawful for him to have her as his wife." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **For John had said to him** - "For John had kept saying to Herod" (see UDB). -* **It is not lawful** - UDB assumes Philip was still alive when Herod married Herodias, but the Law of Moses also forbade a man from marrying his brother's widow. +The writer recounts the story of John the Baptist's death in order to show why Herod reacted the way he did when he heard about Jesus. + +# For Herod ... as your wife + +If needed, you can reverse the order of events in 9:3-4 as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# Herod had arrested John, bound him, and put him in prison + +It says that Herod did these things because he ordered others to do them for him. AT: "Herod ordered his soldiers to arrest and bind John the Baptist and put him in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Philip's wife + +Philip is the name of Herod's brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# For John had said to him, "It is not lawful for you to have her as your wife." + +This can be expressed as an indirect quote, if needed. AT: "For John had said to him that it was not lawful for him to have her as his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# For John had said to him + +"For John had kept saying to Herod" + +# It is not lawful + +Philip was still alive when Herod married Herodias. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he feared + +"Herod feared" + +# they regarded him + +"they regarded John" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/06.md b/mat/14/06.md index 29a92a691a..8501f4761e 100644 --- a/mat/14/06.md +++ b/mat/14/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# in the midst -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:herodias]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the account of how Herod killed John the Baptist. -* **in the midst** - in the midst of the guests who were there to participate in the birthday celebration (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +You can make explicit the implicit information. AT: "in the midst of the guests attending the birthday celebration" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/08.md b/mat/14/08.md index fdd6e08dc9..9a80b6e82f 100644 --- a/mat/14/08.md +++ b/mat/14/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# After being instructed by her mother -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After her mother instructed her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# instructed -* This continues the account of how Herod killed John the Baptist. -* **After being instructed by her mother** - AT: "After her mother instructed her." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **instructed** - "coached" -* **about what to ask for** - This can be translated as "about what to ask." These words are not in the original Greek. They are implied by the context. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **she said** - The pronoun "she" refers to the daughter of Herodias. -* **platter** - large plate -* **The king was very upset by her request** - "Her request made the king very upset." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The king** - Herod Antipas the tetrarch ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:14:01]]). +"coached" or "told" + +# she said + +"the daughter of Herodias said to Herod" + +# platter + +a very large plate + +# The king was very upset by her request + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Her request made the king very upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The king + +"King Herod" + +# he ordered that it should be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he ordered his men to do what she said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/10.md b/mat/14/10.md index 4651adb16b..1157f6e253 100644 --- a/mat/14/10.md +++ b/mat/14/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] +This concludes the account of how Herod executed John the Baptist. -## translationNotes +# his head was brought on a platter and given to the girl -* This continues the account of how Herod killed John the Baptist. -* **his head was brought on a platter and given to the girl** - "someone brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **platter** - This is a large plate. -* **girl** - Use the word for a young, unmarried girl. -* **his disciples** - "the disciples of John" -* **the corpse** - "the dead body" -* **they went and told Jesus** - "the disciples of John went and told Jesus what had happened to John the Baptist" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# platter + +a very large plate + +# girl + +Use the word for a young, unmarried girl. + +# his disciples + +"the disciples of John" + +# the corpse + +"the dead body" + +# they went and told Jesus + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "the disciples of John went and told Jesus what had happened to John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/13.md b/mat/14/13.md index e16ebb3864..c5ec5f5d37 100644 --- a/mat/14/13.md +++ b/mat/14/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +These verses describe how Jesus reacted when he heard that Herod had executed John the Baptist. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus went to an isolated place after John the Baptist was killed. -* **heard this** - "heard what happened to John" or "heard the news about John." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he withdrew** - he left or went away from the crowd -* **from there** - "from that place" -* **When the crowds heard of it** - "When the crowds heard where they had gone" (see UDB) or "When the crowds heard that he had left" -* **the crowds** - "the crowds of people" or "the people" -* **Then Jesus came before them and saw the large crowd** - "When Jesus came ashore, he saw a large crowd." +These verses give background information about the miracle that Jesus is about to perform by feeding five thousand people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# heard this + +"heard what happened to John" or "heard the news about John" + +# he withdrew + +"he left" or "he went away from the crowd." It is implied that Jesus' disciples went with him. AT: "Jesus and his disciples left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from there + +"from that place" + +# When the crowds heard of it + +"When the crowds heard where Jesus had gone" or "When the crowds heard that he had left" + +# the crowds + +"the crowds of people" or "the huge group of people" or "the people" + +# on foot + +This means that the people in the crowd were walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Then Jesus came before them and saw the large crowd + +"When Jesus came ashore, he saw a large crowd" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/15.md b/mat/14/15.md index 136098cb01..44adcfd6ab 100644 --- a/mat/14/15.md +++ b/mat/14/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] +This begins the account of Jesus feeding five thousand people with only five small loaves of bread and two small fish. -## translationNotes +# the disciples came to him -* Jesus feeds the crowds who have followed him to the isolated place. -* **the disciples came to him** - "Jesus' disciples came to him" +"Jesus' disciples came to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/16.md b/mat/14/16.md index a407232f54..5079fdda46 100644 --- a/mat/14/16.md +++ b/mat/14/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They have no need -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +"The people in the crowd have no need" -## translationNotes +# You give them -* Jesus feeds the crowds who have followed him to the isolated place. -* **They have no need** - "the people in the crowd have no need" -* **you give them** - The word "you" is plural, referring to the disciples.(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **They said to him** - "The disciples said to Jesus" -* **five loaves of bread and two fish** - "5 loaves of bread and 2 fish" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Bring them to me** - "Bring the loaves and fish to me" +The word "You" is plural, referring to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# They said to him + +"The disciples said to Jesus" + +# five loaves of bread + +A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. + +# Bring them to me + +"Bring the loaves and fish to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/19.md b/mat/14/19.md index 7ebff43bf0..3cc87b33fa 100644 --- a/mat/14/19.md +++ b/mat/14/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:basket]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +This concludes the account of Jesus feeding five thousand people. -## translationNotes +# sit down -* Jesus feeds the crowds who have followed him to the isolated place. -* **sit down** - or "lie down." Use the word for the position people in your culture usually are in when they eat. -* **took** - "held in his hands." He did not steal them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **loaves** - "loaves of bread" or "whole breads" -* **and looking** - This can mean 1) “while looking” or 2) “after looking.” -* **they took up** - "the disciples gathered up." -* **Those who ate** - "Those who ate the bread and the fish." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"lie down." Use the verb for the position people in your culture usually are in when they eat. + +# took + +"held in his hands." He did not steal them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# broke the loaves + +"tore the loaves" + +# loaves + +"loaves of bread" or "whole breads" + +# Looking up + +Possible meanings are 1) "While looking up" or 2) "After looking up." + +# and were filled + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "until they were full" or "until they were no longer hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they took up + +"the disciples gathered up" or "some people gathered up" + +# twelve baskets full + +"12 baskets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Those who ate + +"Those who ate the bread and the fish" + +# five thousand men + +"5,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/22.md b/mat/14/22.md index 203675be67..d997b1f835 100644 --- a/mat/14/22.md +++ b/mat/14/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +The following verses describe events that happened right after Jesus fed the five thousand people. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus walks on water. -* **Immediately** - "Right after Jesus fed the five thousand," -* **When evening had fully come** - "Late in the evening" or "When it became dark" -* **almost uncontrollable because of the waves** - "the waves were beating against the boat." +These verses give background information about the miracle that Jesus is about to perform of walking on water. + +# Immediately + +"Right after Jesus had fed all the people," + +# When evening came + +"Late in the evening" or "When it became dark" + +# being tossed about by the waves + +"and the disciples could not control the boat because of the large waves" + +# for the wind was blowing against them + +"for their boat was sailing into the wind" or "for the wind was against them" and they could not make progress because of the wind. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/25.md b/mat/14/25.md index 6c84694c81..cf9d1faf7b 100644 --- a/mat/14/25.md +++ b/mat/14/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In the fourth watch -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +The fourth watch is between 3 a.m. and sunrise. AT: "Just before dawn" -## translationNotes +# walking on the sea -* Jesus walks on water. -* **he was walking on the sea** - "Jesus was walking on top of the water" -* **they were terrified** - "the disciples were very afraid" -* **ghost** - spirit that has left the body of a person who has died +"walking on top of the water" + +# they were terrified + +"they were very afraid" + +# ghost + +a spirit that has left the body of a person who has died \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/28.md b/mat/14/28.md index d5abbbff76..13426e2369 100644 --- a/mat/14/28.md +++ b/mat/14/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Peter answered him -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +"Peter answered Jesus" -## translationNotes +# when Peter saw the wind -* Jesus walks on water. -* **Peter answered him** - "Peter answered Jesus" +Here "saw the wind" means he became aware of the wind. AT: "when Peter saw that the wind was tossing the waves back and forth" or "when he realized how strong the wind was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/31.md b/mat/14/31.md index 469cb8f7ee..056751c429 100644 --- a/mat/14/31.md +++ b/mat/14/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You of little faith -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"You who have such little faith." Jesus is scolding the people because they have little faith in God. See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:30](../06/30.md). -## translationNotes +# why did you doubt? -* Jesus walks on water. -* **"O you of little faith"** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/mat/06/30]]. -* **why did you doubt** - "you should not have doubted." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus uses a question to tell Peter than he should not have doubted. You can make explicit what Peter should not have doubted. AT: "you should not have doubted that I could keep you from sinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/34.md b/mat/14/34.md index 4ac878b4b0..5e0444ef9b 100644 --- a/mat/14/34.md +++ b/mat/14/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +These verses describe what happened after Jesus walked on the water. They summarize how the people were responding to Jesus' ministry. -## translationNotes +# When they had crossed over -* Jesus continued his ministry in Galilee after returning from the isolated place. -* **When they had crossed over** - "When Jesus and the disciples had crossed over the lake" -* **Gennesaret** - a small town on the northwest shore of the sea of Galilee (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they sent messages** - "the men of that area sent messages" -* **They begged him** - "The sick people begged him" -* **garment** - "robe" or "what he was wearing" +"When Jesus and his disciples had crossed over the lake" + +# Gennesaret + +This is a small town on the northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they sent messages + +"the men of that area sent messages" + +# They begged him + +"The sick people begged him" + +# garment + +"robe" or "what he was wearing" + +# were healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "became well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/intro.md b/mat/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1aba80704b --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +====== Matthew 14 General Notes====== + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +14:3-12 mentions events that have previously occurred. Therefore, there is a break in the chronology of the narrative. The purpose of this break is explanatory; the translator will find it necessary to signal this break. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### + +Herod believe that breaking an oath was dishonorable, so he ordered the execution of John the Baptist. However, the murder for which he was responsible was a much greater evil. This is irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/01.md b/mat/15/01.md index dab6235bb8..9ba5231799 100644 --- a/mat/15/01.md +++ b/mat/15/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] +The scene shifts to events that occurred some time after events of the previous chapter. Here Jesus responds to the criticisms of the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# Why do your disciples violate the traditions of the elders? -* This begins an encounter between Jesus and the religious leaders. -* **violate the traditions of the elders** - "do not respect the rules given by the older religious leaders." -* **wash their hands** - "they do not wash their hands in the ceremony required by our law" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The Pharisees and scribes use this question to criticize Jesus and his disciples. AT: "Your disciples do not respect the rules that our ancestors have given us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# traditions of the elders + +This is not the same as the law of Moses. This refers to later teachings and interpretations of the law given by religious leaders after Moses. + +# they do not wash their hands + +This washing is not only to clean hands. This refers to a ceremonial washing according to the tradition of the elders. AT: "they do not wash their hands properly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then why do you violate the commandment of God for the sake of your traditions? + +Jesus answers with a question to criticize what the religious leaders do. AT: "And I see that you refuse to obey God's commands just so that you can follow what your ancestors taught you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/04.md b/mat/15/04.md index 47ed27f83d..d96325b75c 100644 --- a/mat/15/04.md +++ b/mat/15/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This continues the encounter between Jesus and the scribes and Pharisees. -* **Whoever** - "Anyone who" or "If anyone" -* **honor his father** - show respect to his father by taking care of him -* **you have made void the word of God for the sake of your traditions** - AT: "you have elevated the tradition above the word of God" +In verse 4, Jesus quotes twice from Exodus to show how God expects people to treat their parents. + +# will surely die + +"the people will surely execute him" + +# But you say, 'Whoever says to his father or mother "Whatever help you would have received from me is now a gift given to God,"' that person does not need to honor his father + +This has a quotation within a quotation. If necessary you can translate them as indirect quotations. AT: "But you teach that a person does not need to honor his parents by giving them something that may help them if the person tells his parents that he has already given it as a gift to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# But you say + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the Pharisees and scribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# does not need to honor his father + +It is implied that "his father" means "his parents." This means the religious leaders taught that a person does not need to show respect to his parents by taking care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you have made void the word of God for the sake of your traditions + +"you have made your traditions more important than God's commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/07.md b/mat/15/07.md index c390cd553f..4a7158f96b 100644 --- a/mat/15/07.md +++ b/mat/15/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:doctrine]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Jesus concludes his response to the Pharisees and scribes. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This continues ​the encounter between Jesus and the Pharisees and scribes. -* **well did Isaiah prophesy** - AT: "Isaiah told the truth in this prophecy" -* **when he said** - AT: "when he told what God said" -* **This people honors me with their lips** - AT: "These people say all the right things" -* **but their heart is far from me** - AT: "but they do not really love me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They worship me in vain** - AT: "Their worship has no effect on me" or "They only pretend to worship me" -* **the commands of people** - "rules that people make up." +In verses 8 and 9, Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to rebuke the Pharisees and scribes. + +# Well did Isaiah prophesy about you + +"Isaiah told the truth in this prophecy about you" + +# when he said + +It is implied that Isaiah is speaking what God told him. AT: "when he told what God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# This people honors me with their lips + +Here "lips" refers to speaking. AT: "These people say all the right things to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# me + +All occurrences of this word refer to God. + +# but their heart is far from me + +Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts or emotions. This phrase is a way of saying the people are not truly devoted to God. AT: "but they do not really love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They worship me in vain + +"Their worship means nothing to me" or "They only pretend to worship me" + +# the commandments of people + +"the rules that people make up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/10.md b/mat/15/10.md index 6624ec4852..a90a0a0e1a 100644 --- a/mat/15/10.md +++ b/mat/15/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:defile]] +Jesus begins to teach the crowd and his disciples about what defiles a person and why the Pharisees and scribes were wrong to criticize him. -## translationNotes +# Listen and understand -* Jesus teaches the crowd with a parable. -* **Listen and understand** - Jesus is emphasizing the important statement that follows. +Jesus is emphasizing the importance of what he is about to say. The implied information can be made explicit. AT: "Listen carefully to what I say so that you may understand its meaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# enters into the mouth ... comes out of the mouth + +Jesus is contrasting what a person eats to what a person says. Jesus means that God is concerned with what a person says rather than what a person eats. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/12.md b/mat/15/12.md index 71b7d9f373..c9959c7351 100644 --- a/mat/15/12.md +++ b/mat/15/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the Pharisees were offended when they heard this statement -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this statement made the Pharisees angry" or "this statement offended the Pharisees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Every plant that my heavenly Father has not planted will be rooted up -* Jesus explains to his disciples the meaning of his parable in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:15:10]]. -* **the Pharisees were offended when they heard this statement?** - AT: "this statement made the Pharisees angry?" or "this statement offended the Pharisees?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is a metaphor. Jesus means that the Pharisees do not actually belong to God, so God will remove them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my heavenly Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# will be rooted up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my Father will uproot them" or "my Father will take them out of the ground" or "my Father will remove them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let them alone + +The word "them" refers to the Pharisees. + +# blind guides ... both will fall into a pit + +Jesus uses another metaphor to describe the Pharisees. Jesus means that the Pharisees do not understand God's commands or how to please him. Therefore, they cannot teach others how to please God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/15.md b/mat/15/15.md index 9ada524f1b..d4e489185e 100644 --- a/mat/15/15.md +++ b/mat/15/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Jesus explains the parable that he told in [Matthew 15:13-14](./12.md). -## translationNotes +# to us -* Jesus continues to explain to his disciples the meaning of his parable in verse [[:en:bible:notes:mat:15:10]]. -* **to us** - "to us disciples" -* **passes** - "goes" -* **latrine** - a polite term for the place where people buried body waste +"to us disciples" + +# Are you also still without understanding? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the disciples for not understanding the parable. Also, the word "you" is emphasized. Jesus cannot believe his own disciples do not understand. AT: "I am disappointed that you, my disciples, still do not understand what I teach!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not see ... into the latrine? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the disciples for not understanding the parable. AT: "Surely you understand ... into the latrine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the mouth passes + +"the mouth goes" + +# latrine + +This a polite term for the place where people bury body waste. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/18.md b/mat/15/18.md index 84abf40dee..78cf3cc074 100644 --- a/mat/15/18.md +++ b/mat/15/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Jesus continues to explain the parable that he told in [Matthew 15:13-14](./12.md). -## translationNotes +# things that come out of the mouth -* Jesus continues to explain to his disciples the meaning of his parable in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:15:10]]. -* **things that come out of the mouth** - "words that a person says" -* **come from the heart** - "result from a person's true feelings and thoughts." -* **murder** - killing innocent people -* **insults** - "sayings that offend other people" -* **unwashed hands** - hands that have not been washed in a ceremony +This refers to what a person says. AT: "words that a person says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the heart + +Here "heart" refers to a person's mind or innermost being. AT: "from inside the person" or "from a person's mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# murder + +to kill innocent people + +# slander + +to say something about another person that is offensive and that is not true + +# unwashed hands + +This means a person has not ceremonially washed his hands according to the traditions of the elders. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/21.md b/mat/15/21.md index b689fda696..79343841e1 100644 --- a/mat/15/21.md +++ b/mat/15/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +This begins an account of Jesus healing the daughter of a Canaanite woman. -## translationNotes +# Jesus went away -* This begins an account of Jesus healing the daughter of a Canaanite woman. -* **a Canaanite woman came out from that region** - The woman had left her homeland, which was outside of Israel, come into Israel, and found Jesus. -* **Canaanite woman** - Canaan no longer existed as a nation: "a woman of the people group called Canaanite." -* **my daughter is very tormented by a demon** - "a demon is tormenting my daughter very much" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **answered her not a word** - "said nothing" +It is implied that the disciples went with Jesus. AT: "Jesus and his disciples went away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Behold, a Canaanite woman came + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. AT: "there was a Canaanite woman who came" + +# a Canaanite woman came out from that region + +"a woman from the group of people called Canaanites who live in that region." The country of Canaan no longer existed by this time. She was a part of a people group that lived near the cities of Tyre and Sidon. + +# Have mercy on me + +This phrase implies that she is requesting that Jesus heal her daughter. AT: "Have mercy and heal my daughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Son of David + +Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "Descendant of David." However, "Son of David" is also a title for the Messiah, and the woman may have been calling Jesus by this title. + +# My daughter is severely demon-possessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a demon is controlling my daughter terribly" or "a demon is tormenting my daughter severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# answered her not a word + +Here "word" refers to what a person says. AT: "said nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/24.md b/mat/15/24.md index 24c433ee09..b5093b5c06 100644 --- a/mat/15/24.md +++ b/mat/15/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I was not sent to anyone -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not send me to anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to the lost sheep of the house of Israel -* This continues the account of Jesus healing the daughter of a Canaanite woman. -* **she came** - "the Canaanite woman came" -* **the children's bread...the little dogs** - "what properly belongs to the Jews...the Gentiles" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor comparing the entire nation of Israel to sheep who have strayed from their shepherd. See how you translated this in [Matthew 10:6](../10/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she came + +"the Canaanite woman came" + +# bowed down before him + +This shows that the woman is humbling herself before Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# It is not right to take the children's bread and throw it to the little dogs + +Jesus responds to the woman with a proverb. The basic meaning is that it is not right to take what is supposed to belong to Jews and give it to non-Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# the children's bread + +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "the children's food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the little dogs + +The Jews considered dogs to be unclean animals. Here they are used as an image for non-Jews. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/27.md b/mat/15/27.md index 242206bb5d..1f9aee903e 100644 --- a/mat/15/27.md +++ b/mat/15/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# even the little dogs eat some of the crumbs that fall from their masters' tables -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +The woman responds by using the same imagery as Jesus used in the proverb he just spoke. She means non-Jews should be able to have a small amount of the good things Jews are throwing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# little dogs -* This continues the account of Jesus healing the daughter of a Canaanite woman. -* **even the little dogs eat some of the crumbs that fall from their masters' tables** - The Gentiles should be able to have a small amount of the good things the Jews are throwing away. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **her daughter was healed** - "Jesus healed her daughter" or "Jesus made her daughter well" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **at that hour** - "at exactly the same time" or "immediately" +Use words here for dogs of any size that people keep as pets. See how you translated this in [Matthew 15:26](./24.md). + +# let it be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# At that hour + +This is an idiom. AT: "at exactly the same time" or "immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# her daughter was healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus healed her daughter" or "her daughter became well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/29.md b/mat/15/29.md index 909771fa8b..12c7750ce0 100644 --- a/mat/15/29.md +++ b/mat/15/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] +These verses give background information about the miracle that Jesus is about to perform by feeding four thousand people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]). -## translationNotes +# lame, blind, mute, and crippled people -* This begins the account of Jesus healing people in a large crowd in Galilee. -* **lame, blind, mute, and crippled people** - "people who could not walk, some who could not see, some who could not talk, and others whose arms and legs had been hurt." Some early texts have these words in different order. -* **They presented them at Jesus' feet** - "The crowds brought the sick to Jesus" +"those who could not walk, those who could not see, those who could not talk, and those whose arms or legs did not function" + +# They presented them at Jesus' feet + +Here "feet" means they placed the sick in front of Jesus. AT: "The crowds brought the sick people to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the crippled made well + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the crippled become well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the crippled ... the lame ... the blind + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "the crippled persons ... the lame persons ... the blind persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/32.md b/mat/15/32.md index 814258d6c7..62d3065144 100644 --- a/mat/15/32.md +++ b/mat/15/32.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +This begins the account of Jesus feeding four thousand people with seven loaves of bread and a few small fish. -## translationNotes +# or they may faint on the way -* This continues the account of Jesus feeding that large crowd in Galilee. -* **lest they faint** - Possible meanings: 1) "for fear that they lose consciousness temporarily" or 2) "for fear that they become weak" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **sit** - Use your language's word for how people customarily eat when there is no table, whether sitting or lying down. +"because they might faint on the way" + +# Where can we get enough loaves of bread in such a deserted place to satisfy so large a crowd? + +The disciples use a question to state that there is nowhere to get food for the crowd. AT: "There is nowhere nearby that we can get enough bread for such a large crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Seven, and a few small fish + +The understood information can be made clear. AT: "Seven loaves of bread, and a few small fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# sit down on the ground + +Use your language's word for how people customarily eat when there is no table, whether sitting or lying down. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/36.md b/mat/15/36.md index 736ebbc741..28b9ade6f6 100644 --- a/mat/15/36.md +++ b/mat/15/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# He took -* [[en:tw:disciple]] +"Jesus held in his hands." He did not steal them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he broke the loaves -* This continues the account of Jesus feeding that large crowd in Galilee. -* **He took** - "Jesus took." Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:14:19]]. -* **gave them** - "gave the loaves of bread and the fish" -* **they gathered** - "the disciples gathered" -* **Those who ate** - "The people who ate" -* **the region** - "a part of the country" -* **Magadan** - sometimes called "Magdala" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"he tore the loaves" + +# gave them + +"gave the bread and the fish" + +# they gathered + +"the disciples gathered" or "some people gathered" + +# Those who ate + +"The people who ate" + +# four thousand men + +"4,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the region + +"the area" + +# Magadan + +This region is sometimes called "Magdala." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/intro.md b/mat/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a27887eb9d --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Matthew 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 15:8-9, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Traditions" ##### + +The "traditions of the elders," that is, the oral laws, are an important concept in this chapter. These were the rules that the religious leaders among the Jews developed in order to ensure that the Law of Moses was obeyed. However, these rules often became more important in practice than the Law of Moses itself. Jesus rebuked the religious leaders for this, and they became angry as a result. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Jews and Gentiles ##### + +The Canaanite woman's trust in Jesus contrasted great with the Jewish leaders' refusal to accept him. This contrast served as a strong rebuke of those leaders. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Sheep ##### + +People are often pictured as sheep in scripture. In this chapter, the image of sheep illustrates that the Jews were spiritually lost without a proper leader to guide them. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/01.md b/mat/16/01.md index e89663745d..e3af285c1c 100644 --- a/mat/16/01.md +++ b/mat/16/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +This begins an encounter between Jesus and the Pharisees and Sadducees. -## translationNotes +# tested him -* This begins an encounter between Jesus and the religious leaders. -* **heaven...heaven** - The Jewish leaders were asking for a sign from God (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]), but Jesus told them to look at the sky they could see. Use the same word for both where God lives and the sky only if the readers will understand the different meanings. -* **When it is evening** - the time of day when the sun is setting -* **fair weather** - clear and calm, pleasant -* **heaven is red** - the sky is bright and clear with a red sunset. +Here "tested" is used in a negative sense. AT: "challenged him" or "wanted to trap him" + +# When it is evening + +The situation can be stated more clearly. AT: "If the sky is red in the evening" or "If the sky is red when the sun is setting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When it is evening + +"When the sun is setting" + +# fair weather + +This means clear, calm, and pleasant weather. + +# for the sky is red + +As the sun is setting, Jews knew that if the color of the sky changes to red, it is a sign the next day will be clear and calm. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/03.md b/mat/16/03.md index 0d895430b8..ea30bfd648 100644 --- a/mat/16/03.md +++ b/mat/16/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jonah]] +Jesus continues his response to the Pharisees and Sadducees. -## translationNotes +# When it is morning -* This continues the encounter between Jesus and the religious leaders. -* **foul weather** - "cloudy and stormy weather" -* **lowering** - "dark and threatening" -* **no sign will be given to it** - AT: "God will give to you people no sign" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The situation can be stated more clearly. AT: "If the sky is red in the morning" or "If the sky is red when the sun is rising" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# foul weather + +"cloudy, stormy weather" + +# red and overcast + +"red and cloudy" + +# You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky + +"You know how to look at the sky and understand what kind of weather you will have" + +# but you cannot interpret the signs of the times + +"but you do not know how to look at what is happening right now and understand what it means" + +# An evil and adulterous generation + +Here "adulterous" is a metaphor for people who are not faithful to God. See how you translated this in [Matthew 12:39](../12/38.md). AT: "unfaithful generation" or "godless generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seeks for a sign + +This request angers Jesus because of the religious leaders skeptical attitude about Jesus. He had already performed many miracles, but they still did not believe him. See how you translated this in [Matthew 12:39](../12/38.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no sign will be given to it + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Matthew 12:39](../12/38.md). AT: "God will not give a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# except the sign of Jonah + +"except the same sign God gave to Jonah the prophet." See how you translated this in [Matthew 12:39](../12/38.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/05.md b/mat/16/05.md index 337d41199f..df95126252 100644 --- a/mat/16/05.md +++ b/mat/16/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +Here the scene shifts to a later time. Jesus uses an opportunity to warn his disciples about the Pharisees and Sadducees. -## translationNotes +# the other side -* Jesus warns his disciples after his encounter with the religious leaders. -* **yeast** - evil ideas and wrong teaching (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **reason** - "argue" or " dispute" +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "the other side of the lake" or "the other side of the Sea of Galilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees + +Here "yeast" is a metaphor that refers to evil ideas and wrong teaching. Translate as "yeast" here and do not explain its meaning in your translation. This meaning will be made clear in 16:12. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# reasoned among themselves + +"discussed with each other" + +# You of little faith + +"You who have such little faith." Jesus is scolding the people because they have little faith in God. See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:30](../06/30.md). + +# why do you reason ... taken no bread? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke his disciples for not understanding what he just said. AT: "I am disappointed that you think it was because you forgot to bring bread that I talked about the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/09.md b/mat/16/09.md index 61df9fc9f4..3aa5988022 100644 --- a/mat/16/09.md +++ b/mat/16/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Jesus continues to warn his disciples about the Pharisees and Sadducees. -## translationNotes +# Do you not yet perceive or remember ... you gathered up? -* Jesus warns his disciples after his encounter with the religious leaders. -* **Do you not yet perceive nor remember the five loaves for the five thousand and how many baskets you gathered up? Nor the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many baskets you took up?** - Jesus is scolding them. AT: "You should have understood and remembered the 5 loaves for the 5000 and how many baskets you gathered up! You should also have remembered the 7 loaves for the 4,000 and how many baskets you took up!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the disciples. AT: "Surely you remember ... you gathered up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# five thousand ... four thousand + +"5,000 ... 4,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Or the seven loaves ... you took up? + +"Do you also not remember the seven loaves ... you took up?" Jesus uses a question to rebuke his disciples. AT: "Surely you also remember the seven loaves ... you took up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/11.md b/mat/16/11.md index 9ae46cd90e..0762a07d1b 100644 --- a/mat/16/11.md +++ b/mat/16/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +Jesus continues to warn his disciples about the Pharisees and Sadducees. -## translationNotes +# How is it that you do not understand that I was not speaking to you about bread? -* Jesus warns his disciples after his encounter with the religious leaders. -* **How is it that you do not understand that I was not speaking to you about bread?** - "You should have understood that I was not really speaking about bread." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **yeast** - evil ideas and wrong teaching (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they...them** - "the disciples" +Jesus uses this question to rebuke the disciples. AT: "You should have understood that I was not really speaking about bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees + +Here "yeast" represents evil ideas and wrong teaching. Translate as "yeast" and do not explain the meaning in your translation. In 16:12 the disciples will understand the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they ... them + +These refer to the disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/13.md b/mat/16/13.md index d54d36f563..be983d8f78 100644 --- a/mat/16/13.md +++ b/mat/16/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:philippi]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Here the scene shifts to a later time. Jesus asks his disciples if they understand who he is. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Peter acknowledges that Jesus is the Son of God. -* **But who say you that I am?** - "But it is you I am asking: who do you say that I am?" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline or to introduce a new person. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the Son of the living God + +This is an important title for Jesus that shows his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the living God + +Here "living" contrasts the God of Israel to all the false gods and idols that people worshiped. Only the God of Israel is alive and has power to act. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/17.md b/mat/16/17.md index 3c274137a9..bab2c56cb7 100644 --- a/mat/16/17.md +++ b/mat/16/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Simon Bar Jonah -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +"Simon, son of Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# flesh and blood have not revealed -* Jesus responds to Peter's acknowledgment that Jesus is the Son of God. -* **Simon Bar Jonah** - "Simon, son of Jonah" -* **flesh and blood have not revealed this to you** - "no human being has revealed this to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the gates of Hades will not prevail against it** - Possible meanings: 1) "the powers of death will not overcome it" (see UDB) or 2) it will break down the power of death the way an army breaks into a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "flesh and blood" refers to a human being. AT: "a human did not reveal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# this to you + +Here "this" refers to Peter's statement that Jesus is the Christ and the Son of the Living God. + +# but my Father who is in heaven + +The understood information can be made clear. AT: "but it was my Father in heaven who revealed this to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I also say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# you are Peter + +The name Peter means "rock." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# upon this rock I will build my church + +Here "build my church" is a metaphor for uniting the people who believe in Jesus into a community. Possible meanings are 1) "this rock" represents Peter, or 2) "this rock" represents the truth that Peter had just said in [Matthew 16:16](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The gates of Hades will not prevail against it + +Here "Hades" is spoken of as if it were a city surrounded by walls with gates that keep dead people in and other people out. Here "Hades" represents death, and its "gates" represent its power. Possible meanings are 1) "the powers of death will not overcome my church" or 2) "my church will break down the power of death the way an army breaks into a city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/19.md b/mat/16/19.md index a721ea5ca0..c653c9179e 100644 --- a/mat/16/19.md +++ b/mat/16/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will give to you -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Here "you" is singular and refers to Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the keys of the kingdom of heaven -* Jesus responds to Peter's statement that Jesus is the Son of God. -* **keys of the kingdom of heaven** - the ability to open the way for people to become the people of God the way a servant would welcome guests into a house (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bind on earth...loosed in heaven** - to declare people forgiven or condemned as it is also done in heaven (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Keys are objects that are used to lock or unlock doors. Here they represent authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the kingdom of heaven + +This refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bind on earth shall be bound in heaven ... loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven + +This metaphor means that God in heaven will approve of what Peter allows or forbids on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shall be bound ... shall be loosed + +These can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bind ... God will loose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/21.md b/mat/16/21.md index 315421ebe7..2800f25fdb 100644 --- a/mat/16/21.md +++ b/mat/16/21.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Jesus foretells his death and begins to tell his disciples what it will cost to follow him. -## translationNotes +# From that time -* Jesus begins to tell his disciples the cost of following him. -* **From that time** - After Jesus commanded his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ, he began sharing God's plan for himself. -* **be killed,** - AT: "they would kill him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **be raised back to life on the third day ** - "on the third day, God would make him alive again" +After Jesus commanded his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ, he began sharing with them what must happen in Jerusalem. + +# suffer many things at the hand of the elders and chief priests and scribes + +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "where the elders, chief priests, and scribes will cause him to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be raised back to life on the third day + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on the third day, God would make him alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# third day + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# May this be far from you + +This is an idiom that means "may this never happen." AT: "No" or "Never" or "May God forbid this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me + +Jesus means that Peter is acting like Satan because Peter is trying to prevent Jesus from accomplishing what God sent him to do. AT: "Get behind me, because you are acting like Satan! You are a stumbling block to me" or "Get behind me, Satan! I call you Satan because you are a stumbling block to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Get behind me + +"Get away from me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/24.md b/mat/16/24.md index 7c3f8e97cb..c8c6fdd600 100644 --- a/mat/16/24.md +++ b/mat/16/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# follow me -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Following Jesus here represents being one of his disciples. AT: "be my disciple" or "be one of my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# must deny himself -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples the cost of following him. -* **follow me** - "come with me as a disciple" -* **deny himself** - "not give in to his own desires" or "forsake his own desires." -* **take up his cross, and follow me** - "lift up his cross, carry it, and walk behind me," being willing to suffer and die the way Christ did (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For whoever wants** - "For anyone who wants" -* **if he gains the whole world** - "if he gains everything in the world" -* **but forfeits his life** - "he himself is lost or destroyed" +"must not give in to his own desires" or "must forsake his own desires" + +# take up his cross, and follow me + +"carry his cross and follow me." The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. AT: "must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and follow me + +Following Jesus here represents obeying him. AT: "and obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For whoever wants + +"For anyone who wants" + +# will lose it + +This does not mean the person must necessarily die. It is a metaphor that means the person will consider obeying Jesus as being more important than his own life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for my sake + +"because he trusts me" or "on my account" or "because of me" + +# will find it + +This metaphor means the person will experience spiritual life with God. AT: "will find true life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For what does it profit a person ... his life? + +Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. AT: "It does not profit a person ... his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# if he gains the whole world + +The words "the whole world" are an exaggeration for great riches. AT: "if he gains everything he desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# but forfeits his life + +"but he loses his life" + +# What can a person give in exchange for his life? + +Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. AT: "There is nothing that a person can give to regain his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/27.md b/mat/16/27.md index 31f6b1bcca..79c0c25032 100644 --- a/mat/16/27.md +++ b/mat/16/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the Son of Man ... his Father ... Then he -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here Jesus refers to himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Son of man ... my Father ... Then I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# in the glory of his Father -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples the cost of following him. -* **will not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom** - "will see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom before they die" -* **will not taste death** - "will not experience death" or" will not die" -* **the Son of Man coming in his kingdom** - Jesus was referring to himself in the third person. AT:"until they see me coming in my kingdom." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) +"having the same glory as his Father" + +# with his angels + +"and the angels will be with him." If you translate the first part of the sentence with Jesus speaking in the first person, you can translate this as "and my Father's angels will be with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# his Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and the Son of Man, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# you + +All occurrences of this word are plural and refer to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# will not taste death + +Here "taste" means to experience. AT: "will not experience death" or" will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to the Son of Man ruling as king. AT: "until they see the Son of Man coming to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until they see + +Jesus is still talking about the disciples. AT: "until you see" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/intro.md b/mat/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..889548fdb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Matthew 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bread ##### + +Bread is a special image in 16:5-12. Jesus used his disciples' discussion about bread to warn them against the teachings of the Pharisees and Sadducees. He spoke of these teachings as if they were yeast, the ingredient that causes bread to rise before it is baked. + +At the same time, the mention of bread in this chapter is meant to remind the readers that Jesus fed the five thousand with bread (see: [Matthew 14:13-21](../14/13.md)) and also the four thousand (see: [Matthew 15:29-39](../15/29.md)). The implication is that Jesus gives good "bread" (teaching), but that the Pharisees and Sadducees do not. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +[Matthew 16:21](./21.md) forms a break in the narrative. At this point, Matthew makes a comment about Jesus' actions that will extend into the future. It is important that the translator clearly signal that this comment is about the future, embedded in the narrative. + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it" ([Matthew 16:24-28](./24.md)). + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/01.md b/mat/17/01.md index 3518c159dc..395955adb3 100644 --- a/mat/17/01.md +++ b/mat/17/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +This begins the account of Jesus' transfiguration. -## translationNotes +# Peter, James, and John his brother -* Jesus shows his glory to three of his disciples. -* **Peter, and James, and John his brother** - "Peter, James, and James's brother John" -* **He was transfigured** - "God completely changed Jesus' appearance" or (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **garments** - "clothing" -* **became as brilliant as the light** - "shone brightly like light" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Peter, James, and James's brother John" + +# He was transfigured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God completely changed Jesus' appearance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# garments + +"clothing" + +# His face shone like the sun, and his garments became as brilliant as the light + +These are similes that emphasize how bright Jesus' appearance became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/03.md b/mat/17/03.md index cfcfc3fa4e..120292d895 100644 --- a/mat/17/03.md +++ b/mat/17/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# to them -* This continues the account of Jesus showing his glory to three of his disciples. -* **Behold** - This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **to them** - to the disciples who were with Jesus -* **answered and said** - "said." Peter is not responding to a question. -* **it is good for us to be here** - Possible meanings: 1) "it is good that we disciples are here with you, Moses, and Elijah" or 2) "it is good that you, Moses, Elijah, and we disciples are all here together" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **shelters** - Possible meanings: 1) places for people to come for worship (see UDB) or 2) temporary places for people to sleep. +This refers to Peter, James, and John. + +# with him + +"with Jesus" + +# answered and said + +"said." Peter is not responding to a question. + +# it is good for us to be here + +It is not clear whether "us" refers only to Peter, James, and John, or if it refers to everyone there, including Jesus, Elijah, and Moses. If you can translate so that both options are possible, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# shelters + +Possible meanings are 1) places for people to come for worship or 2) temporary places for people to sleep. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/05.md b/mat/17/05.md index 6cb2869e02..52bf3a24ce 100644 --- a/mat/17/05.md +++ b/mat/17/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +This alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# overshadowed them -* This continues the account of Jesus showing his glory to three of his disciples. -* **behold** - This alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **they fell on their face** - "the disciples bowed with their faces on the ground" +"came over them" + +# there was a voice out of the cloud + +Here "voice" refers to God speaking. AT: "God spoke to them from out of the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the disciples heard it + +"the disciples heard God speak" + +# they fell on their face + +"they fell to the ground" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/09.md b/mat/17/09.md index 5e69f16770..144643966f 100644 --- a/mat/17/09.md +++ b/mat/17/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +The following events happen immediately after the three disciples witness Jesus' transfiguration. -## translationNotes +# As they -* This continues the account of Jesus showing his glory to three of his disciples. -* **As they** - "As Jesus and the disciples" +"As Jesus and the disciples" + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Why then do the scribes say that Elijah must come first? + +The disciples are referring to the belief that Elijah will come back to life and return to the people of Israel before the Messiah comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/11.md b/mat/17/11.md index 1b41e1582b..1e351b96b8 100644 --- a/mat/17/11.md +++ b/mat/17/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# restore all things -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +"put things in order" or "get the people ready to receive the Messiah" -## translationNotes +# But I tell you -* This continues the account of Jesus showing his glory to three of his disciples. Jesus is answering the question in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:17:09]]. -* **restore all things** - "put things in order" -* **they...they...they** - Possible meanings: 1) the Jewish leaders (see UDB) or 2) all the Jewish people. +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# they ... their + +All occurrences of these words may mean either 1) the Jewish leaders or 2) all the Jewish people. + +# the Son of Man will also suffer at their hands + +Here "hands" refers to power. AT: "they will make the Son of Man suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Son of Man + +Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/14.md b/mat/17/14.md index 53f017b74e..be8bef6356 100644 --- a/mat/17/14.md +++ b/mat/17/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +This begins an account of Jesus healing a boy who had an evil spirit. These events happen immediately after Jesus and his disciples descend from the mountain. -## translationNotes +# have mercy on my son -* This begins an account of Jesus healing a boy who had an evil spirit. -* **is epileptic** - sometimes becomes unconscious and moves uncontrollably +It is implied that the man wants Jesus to heal his son. AT: "have mercy on my son and heal him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# is epileptic + +This means he sometimes had seizures. He would become unconscious and move uncontrollably. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/17.md b/mat/17/17.md index c8036db206..c747c01757 100644 --- a/mat/17/17.md +++ b/mat/17/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Unbelieving and corrupt generation, how -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +"This generation does not believe in God and does not know what is right or wrong. How" -## translationNotes +# how long will I have to stay with you? How long must I bear with you? -* This continues the account of Jesus healing a boy who had an evil spirit. -* **how long will I have to stay with you? How long must I bear with you?** - Jesus is unhappy with the people. AT: "I am tired of being with you! I am tired of your unbelief and corruption!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These questions show Jesus is unhappy with the people. AT: "I am tired of being with you! I am tired of your unbelief and corruption!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the boy was healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the boy became well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from that hour + +This is an idiom. AT: "immediately" or "at that moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/19.md b/mat/17/19.md index 05381bf836..e1e7ec9644 100644 --- a/mat/17/19.md +++ b/mat/17/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# we -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +Here "we" refers to the speakers but not the hearers and so is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Why could we not cast it out? -* This continues the account of Jesus healing a boy who had an evil spirit. -* **we** - the speakers, but not the hearers (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **cast it out** - "make the demon come out" -* **Nothing will be impossible for you to do** - "you will be able to do anything" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"Why could we not make the demon come out of the boy?" + +# For I truly say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# if you have faith even as small as a grain of mustard seed + +Jesus compares the size of a mustard seed to the amount of faith needed to do a miracle. A mustard seed is very small, but it grows into a large plant. Jesus means it only takes a small amount of faith to do a great miracle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# nothing will be impossible for you + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "you will be able to do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/22.md b/mat/17/22.md index 446f709d93..d7d45f59de 100644 --- a/mat/17/22.md +++ b/mat/17/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Here the scene shifts momentarily, and Jesus foretells his death and resurrection a second time. -## translationNotes +# they stayed -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples in Galilee. -* **they stayed** - "the disciples and Jesus were staying" -* **The Son of Man will be delivered over** - AT: "Someone will deliver the Son of Man over" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they will kill him** - "the authorities will kill the Son of Man" -* **he will be raised up** - "God will raise him up" or "he will come back to life again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Jesus and his disciples stayed" + +# The Son of Man will be delivered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone will deliver the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The Son of Man ... him ... he + +Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# delivered + +"given" + +# into the hands of people + +Here "hands" refers to power or control. AT: "to the control of the people" or "to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# third day + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# he will be raised up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will raise him up" or "he will come back to life again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/24.md b/mat/17/24.md index b3ad032e6f..09fba0e2a3 100644 --- a/mat/17/24.md +++ b/mat/17/24.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +Here the scene shifts again to a later time when Jesus teaches Peter about paying the temple tax. -## translationNotes +# When they -* This begins an account of Jesus paying the temple tax. -* **When they** - when Jesus and his disciples -* **half-shekel tax** - shekel tax** - a tax on all Jewish males that was first given as an offering to the Lord (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **the house** - the place where Jesus was staying. -* **The kings on earth** - leaders in general -* **subjects** - people under a ruler or king +"When Jesus and his disciples" + +# the half-shekel tax + +This was a tax that Jewish men paid to support the temple in Jerusalem. AT: "the temple tax" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the house + +"the place where Jesus was staying" + +# What do you think, Simon? The kings on earth, from whom do they receive tax or tribute? From their subjects or from foreigners? + +Jesus asks these questions to teach Simon, not to gain information for himself. AT: "Listen, Simon. We know that when kings collect taxes, they collect it from foreigners rather than their own citizens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# kings on earth + +This refers to leaders in general. + +# subjects + +people under a ruler or king \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/26.md b/mat/17/26.md index 2bcda45d10..c4e784c258 100644 --- a/mat/17/26.md +++ b/mat/17/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] +Jesus continues to teach Peter about paying the temple tax. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This begins an account of Jesus paying the temple tax. -* **subjects** - People under a ruler or king. -* **its mouth** - "the fish's mouth" -* **Take it** - "take the shekel" +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 13:54](../13/54.md), where the writer tells of continued opposition to Jesus' ministry and teaching about the kingdom of heaven. + +# When Peter said, "From foreigners," Jesus said + +If you translated Jesus' questions as statements in [Matthew 17:25](./24.md), you may need to give an alternate response here. You could also state it as an indirect quotation. AT: "When Peter said, 'Yes, that is correct. Kings collect taxes from foreigners,' Jesus said" or "After Peter agreed with Jesus, Jesus said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# From foreigners + +In modern times, leaders usually tax their own citizens. But, in ancient times, the leaders often taxed the people they had conquered rather than their own citizens. + +# subjects + +people under a ruler or king + +# But so that we do not cause the tax collectors to sin, go + +"But we do not want to make the tax collectors angry. So, go." + +# throw in a hook + +Fishermen tied hooks to the end of a line, then threw it in the water to catch fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# its mouth + +"the fish's mouth" + +# a shekel + +a silver coin worth four days' wages (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Take it + +"Take the shekel" + +# for me and you + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Peter. Each man had to pay a half shekel tax. So one shekel would be enough for Jesus and Peter to pay their taxes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/intro.md b/mat/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f99b90429 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Matthew 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Elijah ##### + +The prophet Malachi prophesied that one day Elijah would return before the Messiah came. Jesus explains that John the Baptist fulfilled this prophecy by serving God in the same manner as Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +##### "He [Jesus] was transfigured" ##### + +The glory of God is seen as a great, brilliant light in scripture. God's grandeur always produces fear in the person who sees it. Such an event, presented in this chapter, is called the "transfiguration," in which Jesus is changed or transfigured so that he shows some of his divine glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/01.md b/mat/18/01.md index 051a5d51cd..808309d5b5 100644 --- a/mat/18/01.md +++ b/mat/18/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 18:35](./34.md), where Jesus teaches about life in the kingdom of heaven. Here, Jesus uses a little child to teach the disciples. -## translationNotes +# Who is greatest -* Jesus uses a little child as an example for the disciples. -* **become like little children** - "think the way little children do" (See: [[:en:bible:notes:mat:18:04]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Who is the most important" or "Who among us will be the most important" + +# in the kingdom of heaven + +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "in God's kingdom" or "when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# unless you turn ... you will in no way enter + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you must change ... in order to enter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# become like little children + +Jesus uses a simile to teach the disciples that they should not be concerned with who is most important. They should be concerned with becoming humble like a child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# enter the kingdom of heaven + +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "enter God's kingdom" or "belong to our God in heaven when he establishes his rule on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/04.md b/mat/18/04.md index b48679c8f9..bceeef8517 100644 --- a/mat/18/04.md +++ b/mat/18/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Jesus continues teaching the disciples that they need to be humble like a child if they want to be important in God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# is the greatest -* Jesus continues to use a little child as an example for the disciples. -* **whoever humbles himself like this little child** - "whoever humbles himself in the same manner this little child is humble" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a great millstone should be hung about his neck, and that he should be sunk into the depths of the sea** - "if they were to put a millstone around his neck and throw him into the deep sea" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **millstone** - a large, heavy stone shaped like a circle used for grinding wheat grain into flour. AT: "a heavy stone." +"is the most important" or "will be the most important" + +# in the kingdom of heaven + +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "in God's kingdom" or "when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in my name + +Here "my name" refers to the entire person. AT: "because of me" or "because he is my disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# receives me + +Jesus means it is the same as welcoming him. AT: "it is like he is welcoming me" or "it is as if he were welcoming me" + +# a great millstone should be hung about his neck, and that he should be sunk into the depths of the sea + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone put a great millstone around his neck and threw him into the deep sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# millstone + +This is a large, heavy, circular stone used for grinding wheat grain into flour. AT: "a heavy stone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/07.md b/mat/18/07.md index 9927c60279..23a1981122 100644 --- a/mat/18/07.md +++ b/mat/18/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Jesus continues to use a little child to teach the disciples and warns against the terrible consequences of causing children to sin. -## translationNotes +# to the world -* Jesus continues to use a little child as an example for the disciples. -* **your hand** - Jesus speaks to his hearers as though they are one person. +Here "world" refers to people. AT: "to the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of times of stumbling + +Here "stumbling" is a metaphor for sin. AT: "because of the things that cause people to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that those times come + +"that those things come that cause people to sin" + +# the person through whom those times come + +"any person who causes others to sin" + +# If your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away from you + +Jesus exaggerates here to emphasize that a person must do anything necessary to remove from their lives what causes them to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# your ... you + +All occurrences of these words are singular. Jesus is speaking to all people in general. It may be more natural for your language to translate with a plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# into life + +"into eternal life" + +# than to be thrown into the eternal fire having two hands or two feet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "than to have both hands and feet when God throws you into the eternal fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/09.md b/mat/18/09.md index 7307ba287a..ee2b37199e 100644 --- a/mat/18/09.md +++ b/mat/18/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# If your eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out and throw it away from you -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +The command to destroy the eye, perhaps the most important part of the body, is probably an exaggeration for his hearers doing anything necessary to remove from their lives anything they consider important causes them to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# causes you to stumble -* Jesus continues to use a little child as an example for the disciples. -* **pluck it out and throw it away** - This phrase shows the seriousness of unbelief and the necessity to avoid it at all costs. -* **enter into life** - "enter into eternal life" +Here "stumble" is a metaphor for sin. AT: "causes you to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your ... you + +All occurrences of these words are singular. Jesus is speaking to all people in general. It may be more natural for your language to translate with a plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# into life + +"into eternal life" + +# than to be thrown into the eternal fire having both eyes + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "than to have both eyes when God throws you into the eternal fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/10.md b/mat/18/10.md index 3caa8f211a..66695d53cb 100644 --- a/mat/18/10.md +++ b/mat/18/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# See that -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +"Be careful that" or "Be sure that" -## translationNotes +# you do not despise any of these little ones -* Jesus continues to use a little child as an example for the disciples. -* **despise** - "strongly dislike" or "think of as unimportant" -* **their angels** - "the angels of the children" -* **always look on the face of** - "are always close to" +"you do not think of these little ones as being unimportant." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you show respect to these little ones" + +# For I say to you + +This add emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# that in heaven their angels always look on the face of my Father who is in heaven + +Jewish teachers taught that only the most important angels could be in God's presence. Jesus means that the most important angels speak to God about these little ones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# always look on the face of my Father + +This is an idiom that means they are in God's presence. AT: "are always close to my Father" or "are always in the presence of my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/12.md b/mat/18/12.md index d5f0524f0d..597a41bf7c 100644 --- a/mat/18/12.md +++ b/mat/18/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Jesus continues to use a little child to teach the disciples and tells a parable to explain God's care for people. -## translationNotes +# What do you think? -* Jesus continues to use a little child as an example for the disciples. -* **What do you think?** - Think of how people act." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **does he not leave...and go off seeking...?** - "he will always leave...and go off seeking..." -* **ninety-nine** - nine** - "99" -* **it is not the will of your Father in heaven that one of these little ones should perish** - "Your Father in heaven wants all of these little ones to live" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Jesus uses this question to get people's attention. AT: "Think of how people act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you ... your + +All occurrences of these words are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# If anyone ... that did not go astray + +Jesus uses a parable to teach his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# a hundred ... ninety-nine + +"100 ... 99" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# does he not leave ... astray? + +Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. AT: "he will always leave ... astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# it is not the will of your Father in heaven that one of these little ones should perish + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "Your Father in heaven wants all of these little ones to live" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/15.md b/mat/18/15.md index cfefa41860..7ec5a6fd19 100644 --- a/mat/18/15.md +++ b/mat/18/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus begins to teach his disciples about forgiveness and reconciliation. -## translationNotes +# your brother -* Jesus begins to teach about repentance and forgiveness. -* **you will have gained your brother** - "you will have made your relationship with your brother good again" -* **by the mouth** - by the words of the witnesses that come "out of the mouth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to a fellow believer in God, not a physical brother. + +# you will have gained your brother + +"you will have made your relationship with your fellow believer good again" + +# so that by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word might be verified + +Here "mouth" and "word" refer to what a person says. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that two or three witnesses may verify that what you say about your fellow believer is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word might be verified + +Jesus is referring to one of the laws that Moses gave the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/17.md b/mat/18/17.md index 77c0ddfd95..afa641ea41 100644 --- a/mat/18/17.md +++ b/mat/18/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# if he refuses to listen to them -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] +"if your fellow believer refuses to listen to the witnesses who came with you" -## translationNotes +# to the church -* Jesus continues to teach about repentance and forgiveness. -* **to listen to them** - listen to the witnesses ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:18:15]]) -* **let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector** - "treat him as you would treat a Gentile or tax collector" +"to the whole community of believers" + +# let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector + +"treat him as you would treat a Gentile or tax collector." This implies that they should remove him from the community of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/18.md b/mat/18/18.md index 514dd5eac2..cc55283415 100644 --- a/mat/18/18.md +++ b/mat/18/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly I say to you -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -## translationNotes +# you -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples about repentance and forgiveness. -* **bind...bound...loose...loosed** - See how you translated these in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:16:19]]. -* **will be bound...shall be loosed** - AT: "God will bind...God will loose." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they...them** - the "two of you" -* **two or three** - "two or more" or "at least two" -* **are gathered** - "meet" +All occurrences of this word are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# bind ... bound ... release ... released + +This metaphor means that God in heaven will approve of what Peter allows or forbids on earth. See how you translated these in [Matthew 16:19](../16/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be bound ... will be released + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bind ... God will release" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# if two of you + +It is implied that Jesus means "if at least two of you" or "if two or more of you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they ... them + +These refer to the "two of you." AT: "you ... you" + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# two or three + +It is implied that Jesus means "two or more" or "at least two." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are gathered + +"meet" + +# in my name + +Here "name" refers to the entire person. AT: "because of me" or "because they are my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/21.md b/mat/18/21.md index c6260441a2..fcb0e10905 100644 --- a/mat/18/21.md +++ b/mat/18/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# seven times -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"7 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# seventy times seven -* Jesus continues to teach about repentance and forgiveness. -* **seven times** - "7 times" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **seventy times seven** - Possible meanings: 1) "70 times 7" (ULB) or 2) "77 times" (UDB). If using a number would be confusing, you can say, "more times than you can count" (see UDB and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]). +Possible meanings are 1) "70 times 7" or 2) "77 times." If using a number would be confusing, you can translate it as "more times than you can count" or "you must always forgive him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/23.md b/mat/18/23.md index 9af396b3c6..7d9af0be7b 100644 --- a/mat/18/23.md +++ b/mat/18/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus uses a parable to teach about forgiveness and reconciliation. -## translationNotes +# the kingdom of heaven is similar -* Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. -* **one servant was brought** - AT: "someone brought one of the king's servants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ten thousand talents** - "10,000 talents" or "more money than the servant could ever repay" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **his master commanded him to be sold,...and payment to be made** - "the king commanded his servants to sell the man...and to pay the debt with the money from the sale" +This introduces a parable. See how you translated a similar parable introduction in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# to settle accounts with his servants + +"his servants to pay him what they owed" + +# one servant was brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone brought one of the king's servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ten thousand talents + +"10,000 talents" or "more money than the servant could ever repay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# his master commanded him to be sold ... and payment to be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the king commanded his servants to sell the man ... and to pay the debt with the money from the sale" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/26.md b/mat/18/26.md index 2c07197d24..682223a496 100644 --- a/mat/18/26.md +++ b/mat/18/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# fell down, bowed down -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This shows that the servant approached the king in the most humble way possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# before him -* Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. -* **fell down, bowed down** - "fell down on his knees, and bowed his head down" -* **before him** - "before the king" -* **released him** - "let him go" +"before the king" + +# he was moved with compassion + +"he felt compassion for the servant" + +# released him + +"let him go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/28.md b/mat/18/28.md index 0e7433999f..604fd6b789 100644 --- a/mat/18/28.md +++ b/mat/18/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus continues telling a parable to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# one hundred denarii -* Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. -* **one hundred denarii** - "100 denarii" or "one hundred days' wages" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **grasped** - "took hold of" or "grabbed" (UDB) -* **fell down...Have patience with me, and I will repay you** - Translate this as you translated "fell down...have patience with me, and I will pay you" in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:18:26]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +"100 denarii" or "one hundred days' wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He grasped him + +"The first servant grasped his fellow servant" + +# grasped + +"took hold of" or "grabbed" + +# fell down + +This shows that the servant approached the king in the most humble way possible. See how you translated these phrases in [Matthew 18:26](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# and implored him + +"and begged him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/30.md b/mat/18/30.md index b2b6511b41..784b9ecee5 100644 --- a/mat/18/30.md +++ b/mat/18/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus continues telling a parable to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# he went and threw him into prison -* Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. +"the first servant went and threw his fellow servant into prison" + +# his fellow servants + +"other servants" + +# told their master + +"told the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/32.md b/mat/18/32.md index 69202955ad..8eda96e432 100644 --- a/mat/18/32.md +++ b/mat/18/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus continues telling a parable to his disciple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Then that servant's master called him -* Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. -* **Then that servant's master called him** - "Then the king called the first servant" -* **Should you not have** - "You should have" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"Then the king called the first servant" + +# you implored me + +"you begged me" + +# Should you not have ... you? + +The king uses a question to scold the first servant. AT: "You should have ... you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/34.md b/mat/18/34.md index 60697e8531..473674d296 100644 --- a/mat/18/34.md +++ b/mat/18/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Jesus concludes his parable about forgiveness and reconciliation. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 18:1](./01.md), where Jesus teaches about life in the kingdom of heaven. + +# His master + +"The king" + +# handed him over + +"gave him over." Most likely the king himself did not take the first servant to the torturers. AT: "he ordered his servants to give him over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to the torturers + +"to those who would torture him" + +# that was owed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the first servant owed the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my heavenly Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# to you ... your + +All occurrences of these words are plural. Jesus is speaking to his disciples, but this parable teaches a general truth that applies to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# his brother + +"your brother" + +# from your heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "sincerely" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/intro.md b/mat/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae961df5db --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Matthew 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### What should you do if "your brother sins against you"? ##### + +In this chapter, Jesus teaches that it is important for his followers to end conflicts among themselves. He teaches that the local group of believers should be ready to help this to happen in a way that honors God. + +The church is also responsible for encouraging believers to repent if they sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/01.md b/mat/19/01.md index a9d38adb84..47ef8c0785 100644 --- a/mat/19/01.md +++ b/mat/19/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 22:46](../22/45.md), which tells of Jesus ministering in Judea. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus leaves Galilee and begins teaching in Judea. -* **It came about that** - If your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here. -* **these words** - the words of [[:en:bible:notes:mat:18:01]] -* **departed from** - "walked away from" or "left" -* **within the borders** - "within the area" +These verses provide background information of how Jesus came to be in Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# It came about that when + +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. AT: "Then" or "After" + +# had finished these words + +Here "words" refers to what Jesus taught starting in [Matthew 18:1](../18/01.md). AT: "had finished teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# departed from + +"walked away from" or "left" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/03.md b/mat/19/03.md index 7e69e9f24d..c64d1538bd 100644 --- a/mat/19/03.md +++ b/mat/19/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +Jesus begins to teach about marriage and divorce. -## translationNotes +# came to him -* Jesus begins to teach about marriage and divorce. -* **came to him** - "came to Jesus" -* **Have you not read...?** - Jesus wants the Pharisees to be ashamed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"came to Jesus" + +# testing him, saying to him + +Here "tested" is used in a negative sense. AT: "and challenged him by asking him" or "and wanted to trap him by asking him" + +# Have you not read that he who made them from the beginning made them male and female? + +Jesus uses a question to respond to the Pharisees. AT: "Surely you have read that in the beginning when God created people he made them male and female" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/05.md b/mat/19/05.md index f3b80fe065..ebcfe50d9d 100644 --- a/mat/19/05.md +++ b/mat/19/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +In verse 5, Jesus quotes from Genesis to show that a husband and wife should not divorce. -## translationNotes +# He who made them also said, 'For this reason ... flesh'? -* Jesus continues to teach about marriage and divorce. -* **And that he said...?** - This continues the question from [[:en:bible:notes:mat:19:03]]: "Have you not also read that he said...?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **cleave to his wife** - "stay close to his wife" -* **one flesh** - "one person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is a continuation of the question that Jesus uses to respond to the Pharisees in [Matthew 19:3](./03.md). This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "And surely you know that God also said that this is the reason ... flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# For this reason + +This is a part of the quotation from Genesis story about Adam and Eve. In that context the reason a man will leave his father and mother is because God created a woman to be the man's companion. + +# join to his wife + +"stay close to his wife" or "live with his wife" + +# the two will become one flesh + +This is a metaphor that emphasizes the unity of a husband and a wife. AT: "they will become like one person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So they are no longer two, but one flesh + +This is a metaphor that emphasizes the unity of a husband and a wife. AT: "So a husband and wife are no longer like two persons, but they are like one person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/07.md b/mat/19/07.md index 050be35c2a..56f8f538c7 100644 --- a/mat/19/07.md +++ b/mat/19/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# They said to him -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +"The Pharisees said to Jesus" -## translationNotes +# command us -* Jesus continues to teach about marriage and divorce. -* **They say to him** - "The Pharisees say to Jesus" -* **command us** - "command us Jews" -* **certificate of divorce** - document that legally ends the marriage -* **from the beginning it was not that way** - "when God created the man and woman he did not plan for them to ever divorce" -* **except for sexual immorality ** - "except for sexual unfaithfulness" -* **and the man who marries a woman who is divorced commits adultery** - Many early texts do not include these words. +"command us Jews" + +# certificate of divorce + +This is a document that legally ends the marriage. + +# For your hardness of heart + +The phrase "hardness of heart" is a metaphor that means "stubbornness." AT: "Because you are stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your hardness ... allowed you ... your wives + +Here "you" and "your" are plural. Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees, but Moses gave this command many years earlier to their ancestors. Moses' command applied to all Jewish men in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# from the beginning + +Here "beginning" refers to when God first created man and woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# marries another + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "marries another woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# and the man who marries a woman who is divorced commits adultery + +Many early texts do not include these words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/10.md b/mat/19/10.md index 77c8104263..1b852fac1b 100644 --- a/mat/19/10.md +++ b/mat/19/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# who are allowed -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:eunuch]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God allows" or "whom God enables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# For there are eunuchs who were that way from their mother's womb -* Jesus continues to teach about marriage and divorce. -* **eunuchs who were so born from their mother's womb** - "males born without working sex organs" -* **eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs** - Possible meanings are 1) "eunuchs who have cut their sex organs off" or 2) "men who choose to remain unmarried and sexually pure" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **for the kingdom of heaven's sake** - "so they can serve God better" -* **receive this teaching...receive it** - See how you translated "accept this teaching...accept it" in 19:11. +You can make explicit the implicit information. AT: "For there are different reasons that men do not marry. For instance, there are men who were born eunuchs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there are men whom other men have made eunuchs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs + +Possible meanings are 1) "men who have made themselves eunuchs by removing their private parts" or 2) "men who choose to remain unmarried and sexually pure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the sake of the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "so they can better serve our God in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# receive this teaching ... receive it + +"accept this teaching ... accept it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/13.md b/mat/19/13.md index ab6c14b67d..83c7484fee 100644 --- a/mat/19/13.md +++ b/mat/19/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +Jesus receives and blesses little children. -## translationNotes +# some little children were brought to him -* People bring children to Jesus. -* **some little children were brought to him** - AT: “some people brought little children to Jesus.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Permit** - "Allow" -* **do not forbid them to come to me** - “do not stop them from coming to me” -* **for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such ones** - “the kingdom of heaven belongs to people who are like these” or “only people who are like these little children can go into the kingdom of heaven” +This can be stated in active form. AT: "some people brought little children to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Permit + +"Allow" + +# do not forbid them to come to me + +"do not stop them from coming to me" + +# for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such ones + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "for when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth, he will be king over such as these" or "for God will allow such as these into his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# belongs to such ones + +"belongs to those who are like children." This is a simile that means those who are humble like children will enter God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/16.md b/mat/19/16.md index 1e423cf073..16a667d0f6 100644 --- a/mat/19/16.md +++ b/mat/19/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +Here the scene shifts to a different time when Jesus explains to a rich man what it will cost to follow him. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* Jesus begins to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. -* **Behold** - The writer is bringing a new person into the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **good thing** - thing that pleases God -* **Only one is good** - "God alone is completely good" +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# good thing + +This means a thing that pleases God. + +# Why do you ask me about what is good? + +Jesus uses a question to respond to the man. AT: "You should not ask me about what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Only one is good + +"God alone is completely good" + +# to enter into life + +"to receive eternal life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/18.md b/mat/19/18.md index c344568967..4fe407ee5f 100644 --- a/mat/19/18.md +++ b/mat/19/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# love your neighbor -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] - -## translationNotes - -* Jesus continues to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. +The Jewish people believed that their neighbors are only those who are Jews. Jesus will extend that definition to include all people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/20.md b/mat/19/20.md index 4d620868b9..ed67a30611 100644 --- a/mat/19/20.md +++ b/mat/19/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# If you wish -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] +"If you want" -## translationNotes +# to the poor -* Jesus continues to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. -* **wish** - "want" +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "to those who are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you will have treasure in heaven + +The phrase "treasure in heaven" is a metaphor that refers to a reward from God. AT: "God will reward you in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/23.md b/mat/19/23.md index e864564f83..90c2d2246e 100644 --- a/mat/19/23.md +++ b/mat/19/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Jesus explains to his disciples the rewards of giving up material possessions and relationships to follow him. -## translationNotes +# Truly I say to you -* Jesus continues to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. -* **it is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God** - It is very difficult for rich people to get into the kingdom of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **the eye of a needle** - a hole in the end of a needle for passing thread through +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# to enter the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "to accept our God in heaven as their king" or "to enter God's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it is easier ... kingdom of God + +Jesus uses an exaggeration to illustrate how very difficult it is for rich people to enter the kingdom of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the eye of a needle + +a hole in the end of a needle for passing thread through \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/25.md b/mat/19/25.md index 6b4db46992..6841d4a299 100644 --- a/mat/19/25.md +++ b/mat/19/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they were very astonished -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +"the disciples were amazed." It is implied that they were astonished because they believed having riches was proof that God approved of someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Who then can be saved? -* Jesus continues to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. -* **they were very astonished** - " the disciples were amazed" -* **Who then can be saved?** - Possible meanings: 1) They were looking for an answer or 2) AT: "then no one can be saved!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **we have left everything ** - “we have left all our wealth” or “we have given up all our possessions” -* **what then will we have** - "what good thing will God give us" +The disciples use a question to emphasize their surprise. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then there is no one whom God will save!" or "Then there is no one who will receive eternal life!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we have left everything + +"we have left all our wealth" or "we have given up all our possessions" + +# What then will we have? + +"What good thing will God give us?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/28.md b/mat/19/28.md index 42947fa569..c3cc72f9ab 100644 --- a/mat/19/28.md +++ b/mat/19/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly I say to you -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -## translationNotes +# in the new age -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. -* **in the new birth** - "at the time when all things are made new" or "in the new age" -* **sit upon twelve thrones, judging** - "be kings and judges over" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"in the new time." This refers to when God restores all things. AT: "at the time when God makes all things new" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# sits on his glorious throne + +Sitting on his throne represents ruling as a king. His throne being glorious represents his rule being glorious. AT: "sits as king on his glorious throne" or "rules gloriously as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sit upon twelve thrones + +Here "thrones" refers to ruling as king. The disciples will not be equal to Jesus who is also on a throne. They will receive authority from him. AT: "sit as kings on 12 thrones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the twelve tribes of Israel + +Here "tribes" refers to people from those tribes. AT: "the people of the 12 tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/29.md b/mat/19/29.md index aaad64444f..964405ee28 100644 --- a/mat/19/29.md +++ b/mat/19/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for my name's sake -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Here "name" refers to the entire person. AT: "because of me" or "because he believes in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# receive one hundred times -* Jesus continues to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. -* **receive a hundredfold** - "receive a hundred times as many good things as they gave up" -* **many who are first now will be last** - Many who are first in the world's eyes, such as those who are rich and those who rule others, will one day be last in the kingdom of God. +"receive from God 100 times as many good things as they gave up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# inherit eternal life + +This is an idiom that means "God will bless them with eternal life" or "God will cause them to live forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first + +Jesus is comparing this age to the next age. Those who are important now, God will consider them unimportant when he establishes his rule on earth. Those who seem unimportant now, God will consider them important when he establishes his rule. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/intro.md b/mat/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5622330519 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Matthew 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jesus' teaching about divorce ##### + +In this chapter, Jesus teaches about divorce as a response to a challenge from Pharisees. Jesus bases his teaching on God's original intentions in creating marriage. Jesus implicitly shows the mistakes that the religious leaders made in their traditions about marriage. + + + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/01.md b/mat/20/01.md index b5263b8771..5eb33a013c 100644 --- a/mat/20/01.md +++ b/mat/20/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Jesus tells a parable about a landowner who hires workers, to illustrate how God will reward those who belong to the kingdom of heaven. -## translationNotes +# For the kingdom of heaven is like -* Jesus begins telling his disciples a parable about a man paying his workers. -* **For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner** - God rules over everything like a landowner rules over his land. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the kingdom of heaven is like** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:24]]. -* **After he had agreed** - "After the landowner had agreed" -* **one denarius** - "one day's wages" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +This is the beginning of a parable. See how you translated the introduction to the parable in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# After he had agreed + +"After the landowner had agreed" + +# one denarius + +This was the daily wage at that time. AT: "one day's wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# he sent them into his vineyard + +"he sent them to work in his vineyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/03.md b/mat/20/03.md index 43bea37b3b..150343a575 100644 --- a/mat/20/03.md +++ b/mat/20/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# He went out again -* Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. -* **He went out again** - "The landowner went out again" -* **standing idle** - "not doing anything" or "who had no work" +"The landowner went out again" + +# the third hour + +The third hour is around nine in the morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# standing idle in the marketplace + +"standing in the marketplace not doing anything" or "standing in the marketplace with no work to do" + +# marketplace + +a large, open-air area where people buy and sell food and other items \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/05.md b/mat/20/05.md index 43f354ce58..5ac5089a74 100644 --- a/mat/20/05.md +++ b/mat/20/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Again he went out -* Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. -* **Again he went out** - "Again the landowner went out" -* **standing idle** - "not doing anything" or "not having any work" +"Again the landowner went out" + +# the sixth hour and again the ninth hour + +The sixth hour is around noon. The ninth hour is around three in the afternoon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# did the same + +This means the landowner went to the marketplace and hired workers. + +# the eleventh hour + +This is about five in the afternoon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# standing idle + +"not doing anything" or "not having any work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/08.md b/mat/20/08.md index 3a30fc7b46..50e356898e 100644 --- a/mat/20/08.md +++ b/mat/20/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:manager]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# beginning from the last to the first -* Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. -* **each of them** - "each of the workers who had begun work at the eleventh hour" -* **a denarius** - "one day's wages" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **they thought** - "the workers who had worked the longest thought" +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "begin with the workers I hired last, then pay the workers I hired first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# who had been hired + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the landowner hired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one denarius + +This was the daily wage at that time. AT: "one day's wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/11.md b/mat/20/11.md index a94dc0ea36..cd861ed879 100644 --- a/mat/20/11.md +++ b/mat/20/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:burden]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# When they received -* Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. -* **When they received** - "When the workers who had worked the longest received" -* **property owner** - "landowner" or "vineyard owner" -* **we who have borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat** - "we who have worked all day in the hot sun" +"When the workers who had worked the longest received" + +# landowner + +"vineyard owner" + +# you have made them equal to us + +"you have paid them the same amount of money as you paid us" + +# we who have borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat + +The phrase "borne the burden of the day" is an idiom that means they worked very hard. AT: "we who have worked hard all day in the heat of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/13.md b/mat/20/13.md index dcdf3320b7..4c90315265 100644 --- a/mat/20/13.md +++ b/mat/20/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# one of them -* Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. -* **one of them** - "one of the workers who had worked the longest" -* **Friend** - Use a word that one man would use to address another man whom he is politely rebuking. -* **Did you not agree with me for one denarius?** - AT: "We already agreed that I would give you one denarius." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **one denarius** - "one day's wages" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **it is my pleasure to give** - "it pleases me to give" or "I am pleased to give" +"one of the workers who had worked the longest" + +# Friend + +Use a word that one man would use to address another man whom he is politely rebuking. + +# Did you not agree with me for one denarius? + +The landowner uses a question to rebuke the workers who were complaining. AT: "We already agreed that I would give you one denarius" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# one denarius + +This was the daily wage at that time. AT: "one day's wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/15.md b/mat/20/15.md index 3d06f14988..154afc5c1b 100644 --- a/mat/20/15.md +++ b/mat/20/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] +Jesus concludes his parable about a landowner who hires workers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Do I not have the right to do as I want with what belongs to me? -* Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. -* **Is it not legitimate for me to do what I wish with my own possessions?** - AT: "I can do what I want with my own possessions." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **legitimate** - "lawful" or "fair" or "right" -* **Or is your eye evil because I am good?** - "You should not be unhappy because I do a good thing for people who have not earned it." +The landowner uses a question to scold the workers who were complaining. AT: "I can do what I want with my own possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Or are you envious because I am generous? + +The landowner uses a question to scold the workers who were complaining. AT: "Do not be jealous because I am generous to other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So the last will be first, and the first last + +Jesus is comparing this age to the next age. Those who are important now, God will consider them unimportant when he establishes his rule on earth. Those who seem unimportant now, God will consider them important when he establishes his rule. See how you translated a similar statement in [Matthew 19:30](../19/29.md). + +# So the last will be first + +Here the parable has ended and Jesus is speaking. AT: "Then Jesus said, 'So the last will be first'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/17.md b/mat/20/17.md index d672076dec..313228ebd1 100644 --- a/mat/20/17.md +++ b/mat/20/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus foretells his death and resurrection a third time as he and his disciples travel to Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# going up to Jerusalem -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples as they travel to Jerusalem. -* **we are going** - Jesus was including the disciples. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **the Son of Man will be delivered** - AT: "someone will deliver the Son of Man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They will condemn...and will deliver him to the Gentiles for them to mock** - the chief priests and scribes will condemn and deliver him to the Gentiles, and the Gentiles will mock -* **he will be raised up** - AT: "God will raise him up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Jerusalem was on top of a hill so people had to travel up to get there. + +# See, we are going + +Jesus uses the word "See" to tell the disciples the must pay attention to what he is about to tell them. + +# we are going + +Here "we" refers to Jesus and the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# the Son of Man will be delivered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will deliver the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son of Man ... him ... he + +Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If necessary, you can translate these in the first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# They will condemn ... for them to mock + +The chief priests and scribes will condemn and deliver him to the Gentiles, and the Gentiles will mock Jesus. + +# to flog + +"to whip him" or "to beat him with whips" + +# third day + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# he will be raised up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will raise him up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/20.md b/mat/20/20.md index bc4f7368a6..0213027e37 100644 --- a/mat/20/20.md +++ b/mat/20/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:zebedee]] +In response to the question that the mother of two of the disciples asks, Jesus teaches his disciples about authority and serving others in the kingdom of heaven. -## translationNotes +# the sons of Zebedee -* The mother of two of the disciples makes a request to Jesus. -* **at your right hand...at your left hand** - in places of authority (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers James and John. + +# at your right hand ... at your left hand + +These refer to having positions of power, authority, and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in your kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to Jesus ruling as king. AT: "when you are king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/22.md b/mat/20/22.md index c6bfd91f42..29137b8dcc 100644 --- a/mat/20/22.md +++ b/mat/20/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# You do not know -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Here "you" is plural and refers to the mother and the sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Are you able -* Jesus answers the mother of two of his disciples. -* **You** - the mother and the sons (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **Are you able...?** - "Is it possible for you...?" Jesus talks to the sons only. -* **drink the cup which I am about to drink** - "go through the suffering I am about to go through" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They** - the sons -* **it is for those for whom it has been prepared by my Father** - "the honor of sitting beside me is for those for whom my Father has prepared that honor" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **prepared** - made ready +Here "you" is plural, but Jesus is only talking to the two sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# drink the cup that I am about to drink + +This is an idiom that means to experience suffering. AT: "go through the suffering I am about to go through" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They said + +"The sons of Zebedee said" or "James and John said" + +# My cup you will indeed drink + +This is an idiom that means to experience suffering. AT: "You will indeed suffer as I will suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# right hand ... left hand + +These refer to having positions of power, authority, and honor. See how you translated this in [Matthew 20:21](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it is for those for whom it has been prepared by my Father + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my Father has prepared those places, and he will give them to whom he chooses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# heard this + +"heard what James and John had asked Jesus" + +# they were very angry with the two brothers + +If necessary, you can make explicit why the ten disciples were angry. AT: "they were very angry with the two brothers because each of them wanted to sit in the places of honor next to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/25.md b/mat/20/25.md index b7ac1a5a19..d53ee2bb73 100644 --- a/mat/20/25.md +++ b/mat/20/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus finishes teaching his disciples about authority and serving others. -## translationNotes +# called them -* Jesus uses what he said to the mother to teach his disciples. -* **the rulers of the Gentiles subjugate them** - "the rulers of the Gentiles force the Gentiles to do what the rulers want" -* **their important men** - the men to whom the rulers give authority -* **exercise authority over** - "have control over" -* **wishes** - "wants" or "desires" -* **to give his life** - "to be willing to die" +"called the twelve disciples" + +# the rulers of the Gentiles subjugate them + +"the Gentile kings forcefully rule over their people" + +# their important men + +"the important men among the Gentiles" + +# exercise authority over them + +"have control over the people" + +# whoever wishes + +"whoever wants" or "whoever desires" + +# to be first + +"to be important" + +# the Son of Man ... his life + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If necessary, you can translate this in the first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# did not come to be served + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "did not come so that other people would serve him" or "did not come so that other people would serve me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but to serve + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "but to serve other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to give his life + +This is an idiom. AT: "to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as a ransom for many + +The word "ransom" usually refers to setting someone free from prison or slavery. Here it is a metaphor for Jesus saving people from God punishing them for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for many + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "for many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/29.md b/mat/20/29.md index befe242ab2..e7ffa9223a 100644 --- a/mat/20/29.md +++ b/mat/20/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +This begins an account of Jesus healing two blind men. -## translationNotes +# As they went -* This begins an account of Jesus healing two blind men. -* **As they went** - This is speaking about the disciples and Jesus. -* **followed him** - "followed Jesus" -* **Behold** - The writer is telling the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **was passing by** - "was walking by them" -* **they cried out all the more** - "the blind men shouted more than before" or "they shouted louder" +This refers to the disciples and Jesus. + +# followed him + +"followed Jesus" + +# There were two blind men sitting + +This is sometimes translated as "Behold, there were two blind men sitting." The writer is alerting us to a new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# When they heard + +"When the two blind men heard" + +# was passing by + +"was walking by them" + +# Son of David + +Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "Descendant of King David." However, "Son of David" is also a title for the Messiah, and the men were probably calling Jesus by this title. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/32.md b/mat/20/32.md index 287cbef9a0..378512510a 100644 --- a/mat/20/32.md +++ b/mat/20/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# called to them -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +"called to the blind men" -## translationNotes +# do you wish -* This continues the account of Jesus healing two blind men. -* **called to them** - called to the blind men -* **wish** - "want" -* **that our eyes may be opened** - AT: "we want you to make us able to see" or "we want to be able to see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **being moved with compassion** - "having compassion" or "moved with compassion for them" +"do you want" + +# that our eyes may be opened + +The phrase "our eyes may be opened" is an idiom that means to be able to see again. This can be stated in active form. AT: "we want you to make us able to see" or "we want to be able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# being moved with compassion + +"having compassion" or "feeling compassion for them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/intro.md b/mat/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..012f71956a --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Matthew 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The parable of the landowner and his vineyard ##### + +Jesus tells this parable ([Matthew 20:1-16](./01.md)) to teach his disciples that God's standards about what is right are different from human standards. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/01.md b/mat/21/01.md index da00fcec78..b44f9738f1 100644 --- a/mat/21/01.md +++ b/mat/21/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +This begins the account of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem. Here he gives his disciples instructions about what they are to do. -## translationNotes +# Bethphage -* Jesus continues to travel to Jerusalem with his disciples. -* **Bethphage** - a village (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **colt** - "young male donkey" +This is a village near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a donkey tied up + +You can state this in active form. AT: "a donkey that someone has tied up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tied up there + +You can make explicit how the donkey is tied. AT: "tied up there to a post" or "tied up there to a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# colt + +"a young male donkey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/04.md b/mat/21/04.md index f71b98c19b..b9fd2a0f59 100644 --- a/mat/21/04.md +++ b/mat/21/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:daughterofzion]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Here the author quotes the prophet Zechariah to show that Jesus fulfilled prophecy by riding a donkey into Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Now -* This continues the account of Jesus riding a donkey into Jerusalem. -* **this came about that what was spoken through the prophet might be fulfilled** - "God had said this many years ahead of time by his prophet that this was going to happen." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that which had been spoken through the prophet** - "that which a prophet had told before it happened." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **daughter of Zion** - Israel (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **donkey** - an animal ridden by poor people -* **colt** - a young male donkey +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew explains how Jesus' actions fulfill scripture. + +# this came about that what was spoken through the prophet might be fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this happened so that Jesus would fulfill what God spoke through the prophet long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through the prophet + +There were many prophets. Matthew was speaking of Zechariah. AT: "the prophet Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the daughter of Zion + +The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. AT: "the people of Zion" or "the people who live in Zion" + +# Zion + +This is another name for Jerusalem. + +# on a donkey—on a colt, the foal of a donkey + +The phrase "on a colt, the foal of a donkey" is explaining that the donkey is a young animal. AT: "on a young, male donkey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/06.md b/mat/21/06.md index 48227a177a..2819eaa36c 100644 --- a/mat/21/06.md +++ b/mat/21/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# cloaks -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +These were outer clothing or long coats. -## translationNotes +# crowd spread their cloaks on the road, and others cut branches from the trees and spread them in the road -* This continues the account of Jesus riding a donkey into Jerusalem. -* **garments** - outer clothing or long coats -* **and Jesus sat there** - "Jesus sat on the clothing that was put on the donkey." +These are ways to show honor to Jesus as he was entering Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/09.md b/mat/21/09.md index 213579fae8..d621a5c2c5 100644 --- a/mat/21/09.md +++ b/mat/21/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Hosanna -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +This word means "save us" but can also mean "praise God!" -## translationNotes +# the son of David -* This continues the account of Jesus riding a donkey into Jerusalem. -* **Hosanna** - a Hebrew word that means "save us" but came mean "praise God!" -* **all the city was stirred** - "everyone in the city was excited to see him" -* **all the city** - "many of the people in the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "descendant of king David." However, "Son of David" is also a title for the Messiah, and the crowd was probably calling Jesus by this title. + +# in the name of the Lord + +Here "in the name" means "in the power" or "as a representative." AT: "in the power of the Lord" or "as the representative of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hosanna in the highest + +Here "highest" refers to God who rules from the highest heaven. AT: "Praise God, who is in the highest heaven" or "Praise be to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the city was stirred + +Here "city" refers to the people living there. AT: "many people from all over the city were stirred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stirred + +"excited" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/12.md b/mat/21/12.md index d4837c7f1f..9d0a2a33b9 100644 --- a/mat/21/12.md +++ b/mat/21/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This begins the account of Jesus entering into the temple. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This begins the account of Jesus entering into the temple. -* **He said to them** - "Jesus said to those who were changing money and buying and selling things" -* **house of prayer** - "a place where people pray" -* **den of robbers** - "like a place where robbers hide" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the lame** - Those who could not walk or had legs that were badly hurt. +In verse 13, Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to rebuke the vendors and money changers. + +# Jesus entered the temple + +Jesus did not enter the actual temple. He entered the courtyard around the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who bought and sold + +Merchants were selling animals and other items that travelers bought to offer the proper sacrifices at the temple. + +# He said to them + +"Jesus said to those who were changing money and buying and selling things" + +# It is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The prophets wrote long ago" or "God said long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My house will be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My house will be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My house + +Here "My" refers to God and "house" refers to the temple. + +# house of prayer + +This is an idiom. AT: "a place where people pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# den of robbers + +Jesus uses a metaphor to scold the people for buying and selling items in the temple. AT: "like a place where robbers hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blind and the lame + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who were blind and those who were lame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# lame + +to have an injured foot or leg that makes walking difficult \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/15.md b/mat/21/15.md index 8b4e519d9c..5f4b22bf4a 100644 --- a/mat/21/15.md +++ b/mat/21/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +In verse 16, Jesus quotes from the Psalms to justify how the people had responded to him. -## translationNotes +# the marvelous things -* This continues the account of Jesus in the temple. -* **Hosanna** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/mat/21/09]] -* **Son of David** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/mat/21/09]] -* **they were moved with resentment** - "they disliked Jesus and became angry" -* **Do you hear what these people are saying?** - "You should not allow people to say these things about you!” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Have you never read** - "Yes, I hear them, but you should remember what you read in the Scriptures" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Jesus left them** - "Jesus left the chief priests and scribes" +"the wonderful things" or "the miracles." This refers to Jesus healing the blind and lame people in [Matthew 21:14](./12.md). + +# Hosanna + +This word means "save us" but can also mean "praise God!" See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:09](./09.md). + +# the Son of David + +Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "descendant of king David." However, "Son of David" is also a title for the Messiah, and the crowd was probably calling Jesus by this title. See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:09](./09.md). + +# they became very angry + +It is implied that they were angry because they did not believe Jesus was the Christ and they did not want other people praising him. AT: "they became very angry because people were praising him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do you hear what these people are saying? + +The chief priests and scribes ask this question to rebuke Jesus because they are angry with him. AT: "You should not allow people to say these things about you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But have you never read ... praise'? + +Jesus asks this question to remind the chief priests and scribes of what they have studied in the scriptures. AT: "Yes, I hear them, but you should remember what you read in the scriptures ... praise'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Out of the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have perfected praise + +The phrase "out of the mouths" refers to speaking. AT: "You caused little children and nursing infants to speak perfect praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jesus left them + +"Jesus left the chief priests and scribes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/18.md b/mat/21/18.md index a60a06240b..03cf6a3c4b 100644 --- a/mat/21/18.md +++ b/mat/21/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] +Jesus uses a fig tree to teach his disciples about faith and prayer. -## translationNotes +# Now -* This begins the account of Jesus cursing a fig tree. -* **dried up** - "died" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew explains that Jesus is hungry and that is why he stops at the fig tree. + +# withered + +"died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/20.md b/mat/21/20.md index 3919ed8ff8..ef2a01fd94 100644 --- a/mat/21/20.md +++ b/mat/21/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# How did the fig tree immediately wither away? -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +The disciples use a question to emphasize how surprised they are. AT: "We are astonished that the fig tree has dried up so quickly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Truly I say to you -* Jesus explains the cursing of the fig tree. -* **wither away** - "dry up and die" +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# if you have faith and do not doubt + +Jesus expresses the same idea both positively and negatively to emphasize that this faith must be genuine. AT: "if you truly believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# wither away + +"dry up and die" + +# you will even say to this mountain, 'Be taken up and thrown into the sea,' + +You can translate this direct quotation as an indirect quotation. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "you will even be able to tell this mountain to get up and throw itself into the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/23.md b/mat/21/23.md index 55e34feecf..96877e080d 100644 --- a/mat/21/23.md +++ b/mat/21/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This begins the account of the religious leaders questioning Jesus' authority. -## translationNotes +# had come into the temple -* This begins the account of the religious leaders questioning Jesus. +It is implied that Jesus did not enter the actual temple. He entered the courtyard around the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# these things + +This refers to Jesus teaching and healing in the temple. It probably also refers to Jesus driving out the buyers and sellers the previous day. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/25.md b/mat/21/25.md index 0909ee14e5..6de30c1d1e 100644 --- a/mat/21/25.md +++ b/mat/21/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Jesus continues to respond to the religious leaders. -## translationNotes +# from where did it come? -* This continues the account of the religous leaders questioning Jesus. -* **from heaven** - "from God in heaven" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he will say to us** - "Jesus will say to us" -* **we fear the crowd** - "we fear what the crowd would think or even do to us" -* **they all view John to be a prophet** - "they believe John was a prophet" +"where did he get that authority?" + +# If we say, 'From heaven,' he will say to us, 'Why then did you not believe him? + +This has quotes within a quote. You could translate the direct quotations as an indirect quotations. AT: "If we say that we believe John received his authority from heaven, then Jesus will ask us why we did not believe John" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# From heaven + +Here "heaven" refers to God. AT: "from God in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why then did you not believe him? + +The religious leaders know that Jesus would scold them with a rhetorical question. AT: "Then you should have believed John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But if we say, 'From men,' + +This is a quote within a quote. You could translate the direct quotation as an indirect quotation. AT: "But if we say that we believe John received his authority from men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# we fear the crowd + +"we fear what the crowd would think or even do to us" + +# they all view John as a prophet + +"they believe John is a prophet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/28.md b/mat/21/28.md index 3fe3d8635b..d6a9b7a4e2 100644 --- a/mat/21/28.md +++ b/mat/21/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Jesus tells a parable about two sons to rebuke the religious leaders and to illustrate their unbelief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# But what do you think? -* Jesus responds to the religious leaders with a parable. +Jesus uses a question to challenge the religious leaders to think deeply about the parable he will tell them. AT: "Tell me what you think about what I am about to tell you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he changed his mind + +This refers to the son reconsidering his thoughts as if he had several thoughts to choose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/31.md b/mat/21/31.md index 73769fedd6..df8485ab4b 100644 --- a/mat/21/31.md +++ b/mat/21/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# They said -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] +"The chief priests and elders said" -## translationNotes +# Jesus said to them -* Jesus continues to responds to the religious leaders with a parable. -* **They said** - "The chief priests and elders said" -* **Jesus said to them** - "Jesus said to the chief priests and elders" -* **John came to you** - John came and preached to the religious leaders and the common people. -* **in the path of righteousness** - John showed how people should respond to God and live. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Jesus said to the chief priests and elders" + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# the tax collectors and the prostitutes will enter the kingdom of God before you do + +Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "when God establishes his rule on earth, he will agree to bless the tax collectors and prostitutes by ruling over them before he agrees to do that for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before you do + +Possible meanings are 1) God will accept the tax collectors and prostitutes sooner than he will accept the Jewish religious leaders, or 2) God will accept the tax collectors and prostitutes instead of the Jewish religious leaders. + +# John came to you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to all the people of Israel not just the religious leaders. AT: "John came to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# in the way of righteousness + +This is an idiom that means John showed the people the right way to live. AT: "and told you the way God wants you to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you did not believe him + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the religious leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/33.md b/mat/21/33.md index 945b04337d..0538e05e2e 100644 --- a/mat/21/33.md +++ b/mat/21/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] +To rebuke the religious leaders and illustrate their unbelief, Jesus tells a parable about rebellious servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# a landowner -* Jesus continues to responds to the religious leaders with a second parable. -* **person with extensive land** - "a landowner who had much property." -* **rented it out to vine dressers** - "put vine dressers in charge of the vineyard." The owner still had control of the vineyard. -* **vine dressers** - people who knew how to properly take care of vines and grapes. +"a person who owned a piece of property" + +# a hedge + +"a wall" or "a fence" + +# dug a winepress in it + +"dug a hole in the vineyard to press the grapes" + +# rented it out to vine growers + +"put vine growers in charge of the vineyard." The owner still owned the vineyard. + +# vine growers + +These were people who knew how to take care of vines and grapes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/35.md b/mat/21/35.md index bfdf843278..766c9fa4b1 100644 --- a/mat/21/35.md +++ b/mat/21/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# his servants -* Jesus continues to responds to the religious leaders with the second parable. -* **his servants** - the servants of the "person with extensive land" ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:21:33]]) +"the landowner's servants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/38.md b/mat/21/38.md index 6369908447..d4bf2f37d9 100644 --- a/mat/21/38.md +++ b/mat/21/38.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] - -## translationNotes - -* Jesus continues to responds to the religious leaders with the second parable. +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/40.md b/mat/21/40.md index bd1f9ed9c6..d164015e92 100644 --- a/mat/21/40.md +++ b/mat/21/40.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +The word "now" does not mean "at this moment," but it is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## translationNotes +# They said to him -* Jesus continues to responds to the religious leaders with the second parable. -* **the people said to him** - "the people said to Jesus" +Matthew does not make clear who answered Jesus. If you need to specify an audience you can translate as "The people said to Jesus." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/42.md b/mat/21/42.md index 1acac31ad2..390ca0b71b 100644 --- a/mat/21/42.md +++ b/mat/21/42.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here Jesus begins to explain the parable of the rebellious servants. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus uses the prophets to explain the parable. -* **Jesus said to them** - "Jesus said to the people" ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:21:40]]) -* **'The stone which the builders rejected has been made the cornerstone.** - AT: "The stone that was rejected by the builders became the most important one." The authorities will reject Jesus, but God will make him the head of his kingdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **This was from the Lord** - "The Lord has caused this great change" +Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that God will honor the one whom the religious leaders reject. + +# Jesus said to them + +It is unclear to whom Jesus asks the following question. If you need to make "them" specific, use the same audience as you did in [Matthew 21:41](./40.md). + +# Did you never read ... eyes'? + +Jesus uses a question to make his audience think deeply about what this scripture means. AT: "Think about what you have read ... eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The stone which the builders rejected has been made the cornerstone + +Jesus is quoting from the Psalms. This is a metaphor that means the religious leaders, like builders, will reject Jesus, but God will make him the most important in his kingdom, like the cornerstone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has been made the cornerstone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has become the cornerstone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This was from the Lord + +"The Lord has caused this great change" + +# it is marvelous in our eyes + +Here "in our eyes" refers to seeing. AT: "it is wonderful to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/43.md b/mat/21/43.md index 6f499dbd2d..091245a0c2 100644 --- a/mat/21/43.md +++ b/mat/21/43.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I say to you -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -## translationNotes +# to you -* Jesus continues to explain the parable. -* **I say to you** - Jesus was speaking to the chief priests and elders. -* **cultivates its fruits** - "will do what is right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **its fruit** - "the kingdom of God's fruits" -* **whoever falls on this stone** - "the one who stumbles over this stone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **on whomever it falls** - "on whomever judgment falls" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "you" is plural. Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders and also to the Jewish people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and will be given to a nation that produces its fruits + +Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will reject you, the Jewish people, and he will be king over people from other nations who bear fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that produces its fruits + +This is an idiom that refers to obedience. AT: "that obeys God's commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Whoever falls on this stone will be broken to pieces + +Here, "this stone" is the same stone as in [Matthew 21:42](./42.md). This is a metaphor that means the Christ will destroy anyone who rebels against him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The stone will break into pieces anyone who falls on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But anyone on whom it falls will be crushed + +This means basically the same thing as the previous sentence. It is a metaphor that means the Christ will have the final judgment and will destroy everyone who rebels against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/45.md b/mat/21/45.md index d5130bb238..4ca31c98d0 100644 --- a/mat/21/45.md +++ b/mat/21/45.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +The religious leaders react to the parable that Jesus told. -## translationNotes +# his parables -* The religious leaders react to the parable that Jesus told. -* **his parables** - "Jesus' parables" -* **lay hands on** - "arrest" +"Jesus' parables" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/intro.md b/mat/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8daddf0a13 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Matthew 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 21:5,16 and 42, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Donkey ##### + +The way in which Jesus entered into Jerusalem, mounted on a donkey, was similar to the way a king would have entered into a city after a great victory. It was traditional for the kings of Israel to ride donkeys instead of horses. Jesus could not have ridden two animals at the same time. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these two passages. (See: [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md)) + +##### Hosanna ##### +This is what the people shouted in order to welcome Jesus into Jerusalem. It was an exclamation of praise, although it was a word in Hebrew meaning, "Save us!" + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The kingdom of God will be taken away from you" ##### +Scholars are divided over the meaning of this phrase. An essential question is: would this be a permanent or temporary event? If possible, leave both these possibilities open in your translation. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/01.md b/mat/22/01.md index 93825cfae0..2094fd92a3 100644 --- a/mat/22/01.md +++ b/mat/22/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +To rebuke the religious leaders and to illustrate their unbelief, Jesus tells a parable about a marriage feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# to them -* Jesus begins to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. -* **The kingdom of heaven is like** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:24]]. -* **those who were invited** - AT: "the people whom the king had invited" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"to the people" + +# The kingdom of heaven is like + +This is the beginning of a parable. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). + +# those who had been invited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people the king had invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/04.md b/mat/22/04.md index cadeac1b32..1bb5903873 100644 --- a/mat/22/04.md +++ b/mat/22/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# servants, saying, 'Tell them who are invited -* Jesus continues to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. -* **See** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "servants, ordering them to tell those whom he invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# See + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# My oxen and fattened calves have been killed + +It is implied that the animals are cooked and ready to eat. This can be stated in active form. AT: "My servants have killed and cooked my oxen and my fattened calves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My oxen and fattened calves + +"My best oxen and calves for eating" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/05.md b/mat/22/05.md index b969b09e6e..20f519084b 100644 --- a/mat/22/05.md +++ b/mat/22/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# But they paid no attention -* Jesus continues to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. -* **those people ** - "the invited guests" ([[en:bible:notes:mat:22:04]]) -* **did not treat his invitation seriously ** - "ignored his invitation" +"But the guests the king invited ignored the invitation" + +# killed those murderers + +It is implied that the king's soldiers killed the murderers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/08.md b/mat/22/08.md index b0a497d072..96684793a8 100644 --- a/mat/22/08.md +++ b/mat/22/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# those who were invited -* Jesus continues to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. -* **the highway crossings ** - "where the roads cross." -* **hall** - a large room +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom I invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the highway crossings + +"where the main roads of the city cross." The king is sending the servants to the place where they are most likely to find people. + +# both bad and good + +"both the good people and the bad people" + +# So the wedding hall was filled with guests + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the guests filled the wedding hall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# hall + +a large room \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/11.md b/mat/22/11.md index 2573480f66..94c36ee26c 100644 --- a/mat/22/11.md +++ b/mat/22/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:king]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# how did you come in here without wedding clothes? -* Jesus continues to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. +The king uses a question to scold the guest. AT: "you are not wearing proper clothes for a wedding. You should not be here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the man was speechless + +"the man was silent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/13.md b/mat/22/13.md index 0791d20293..5d77be7410 100644 --- a/mat/22/13.md +++ b/mat/22/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] +Jesus concludes his parable about a marriage feast. -## translationNotes +# Bind this man hand and foot -* Jesus continues to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. +"Tie him up so that he cannot move his hands or feet" + +# into the outer darkness + +This expression refers to the eternal destiny of those who reject God. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/11.md). AT: "the dark place away from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# weeping and the grinding of teeth + +This represents extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/11.md). + +# For many people are called, but few are chosen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For God invites many people, but he only chooses a few" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For + +This marks a transition. Jesus has ended the parable and will now explain the point of the parable. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/15.md b/mat/22/15.md index d3c280bfca..d2a473cca9 100644 --- a/mat/22/15.md +++ b/mat/22/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:tax]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This begins an account of the religious leaders trying to trap Jesus with several difficult questions. Here the Pharisees ask him about paying taxes to Caesar. -## translationNotes +# how they might entrap Jesus in his own talk -* This begins an account of the religous leaders trying to trap Jesus. -* **how they might entrap Jesus in his own talk** - "how they could cause him to say something that they could use against him" -* **Herodians** - officials and followers of the Jewish king Herod, who was friendly to the Roman empire (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **you do not show partiality between people** - "you do not show special honor to some people" or "you do not pay attention to more important people" +"how they could cause Jesus to say something wrong so they could arrest him" + +# their disciples ... Herodians + +The disciples of the Pharisees supported paying taxes only to Jewish authorities. The Herodians supported paying taxes to the Roman authorities. It is implied that the Pharisees believed that no matter what Jesus said, he would offend one of these groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Herodians + +These were officials and followers of the Jewish king Herod. He was friends with Roman authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# you do not show partiality between people + +"you do not show special honor to some people" or "you do not consider some people more important than other people" + +# to pay taxes to Caesar + +People did not pay taxes directly to Caesar but to one of his tax collectors. AT: "to pay the taxes that Caesar requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/18.md b/mat/22/18.md index 3c76fa6a83..e11bd12928 100644 --- a/mat/22/18.md +++ b/mat/22/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you testing me, you hypocrites? -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] +Jesus uses a question to scold those who were trying to trap him. AT: "Do not test me, you hypocrites!" or "I know that you hypocrites are only trying to test me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# denarius -* The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on taxes. -* **a denarius** - a Roman coin worth one day's wages. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +This was a Roman coin worth one day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/20.md b/mat/22/20.md index 31aed9d446..2b2aac8a1a 100644 --- a/mat/22/20.md +++ b/mat/22/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to them -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +Here "them" refers to the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# Whose image and name are these? -* The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on taxes. -* **things that are Caesar's** - "things that belong to Caesar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **things that are God's** - "things that belong to God" +Jesus uses a question to get the people to think deeply about what he is saying. AT: "Tell me whose image and name you see on this coin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Caesar's + +You can make clear the understood information in their response. AT: "The coin has Caesar's image and name on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# things that are Caesar's + +"things that belong to Caesar" + +# things that are God's + +"things that belong to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/23.md b/mat/22/23.md index 4eeaf1f908..9e84343d5c 100644 --- a/mat/22/23.md +++ b/mat/22/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +The Sadducees try to trap Jesus by asking him a difficult question about marriage and the resurrection of the dead. -## translationNotes +# Teacher, Moses said, 'If a man dies -* The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on divorce. -* **Teacher, Moses said, 'If a man dies,….'** - They were asking him about what Moses wrote in the scriptures. If your language does not allow quotes within quotes, this could be stated as an indirect quote: "Moses said that if a man dies…." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations -* ]]) -* **his brother...his wife...his brother** - the dead man's +The religious leaders were asking Jesus about what Moses had written in the scriptures. If your language does not allow quotes within quotes, this could be stated as an indirect quote: "Teacher, Moses said that if a man dies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# his brother ... his wife ... his brother + +Here "his" refers to the dead man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/25.md b/mat/22/25.md index 4a91c8043b..b83329903a 100644 --- a/mat/22/25.md +++ b/mat/22/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +The Sadducees continue asking Jesus a question. -## translationNotes +# first ... second ... third ... seventh -* The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on divorce. -* **After them all** - "After every brother had married her" or "After every brother had died" +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# After them all + +"After every brother had died" + +# Now + +Here the Sadducees shift from the story about the seven brothers to their actual question. + +# in the resurrection + +"when dead people come back to life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/29.md b/mat/22/29.md index 399d4dd7d0..897c9bce1b 100644 --- a/mat/22/29.md +++ b/mat/22/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You are mistaken -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +It is implied that Jesus means that they are mistaken about what they think about the resurrection. AT: "You are mistaken about the resurrection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the power of God -* **the power of God** - "what God is able to do" -* The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on divorce. +"what God is able to do" + +# in the resurrection + +"when dead people rise back to life" + +# they neither marry + +"people will not marry" + +# nor are given in marriage + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor will people give their children in marriage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/31.md b/mat/22/31.md index 594cab6a23..ff0c843d27 100644 --- a/mat/22/31.md +++ b/mat/22/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +In 22:32, Jesus quotes from Exodus to prove that people live again after they die. -## translationNotes +# have you not read what ... Jacob'? -* The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on divorce. -* **have you not read what...Jacob'?** - AT: "I know you have read it, but you do not seem to understand what...Jacob.' (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **what was spoken to you by God ** - AT: "what God spoke to you" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **God, saying, 'I am...Jacob'?** - This is a quote within a quote. "God said to Moses that he, God, is the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) +Jesus asks this question to remind the religious leaders of what they know from scripture. AT: "I know you have read it, but you do not seem to understand what ... Jacob'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what was spoken to you by + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what God spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God, saying, 'I am ... Jacob'? + +You can translate this direct quotation as an indirect quotation. AT: "God who said to Moses that he is the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# of the dead, but of the living + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "of dead people, but he is the God of living people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/34.md b/mat/22/34.md index 01c31ab46e..1a89d08c67 100644 --- a/mat/22/34.md +++ b/mat/22/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +A Pharisee who was an expert in the law tries to trap Jesus by asking him a difficult question about the greatest commandment. -## translationNotes +# lawyer -* The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on the law. -* **lawyer** - a Pharisee who had special skill in understanding the law of Moses +"an expert in the law." This is a Pharisee who had special skill in understanding the law of Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/37.md b/mat/22/37.md index 801edffbf7..e60b75b297 100644 --- a/mat/22/37.md +++ b/mat/22/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Jesus quotes a verse from Deuteronomy as the greatest commandment. -## translationNotes +# with all your heart, with all your soul -* The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on the law. +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../../deu/04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with all your mind + +The mind is what people use to think. + +# the great and first commandment + +Here "great" and "first" mean the same thing. They emphasize that this is the most important commandment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/39.md b/mat/22/39.md index 7b3df4c9a9..1be1fd751e 100644 --- a/mat/22/39.md +++ b/mat/22/39.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Jesus quotes a verse from Leviticus as the second greatest commandment. -## translationNotes +# a second commandment is like it -* The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on the law. -* **like it** - like the commandment of [[en:bible:notes:mat:22:37]]. +Possible meanings are 1) "there is another commandment that is next in importance" or 2) "there is a second commandment that is just as important." Either way, Jesus means these two commandments are more important than all other commandments. + +# second commandment + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# like it + +This means like the commandment in [Matthew 22:37](./37.md). + +# your neighbor + +Here "neighbor" means more than just those who live nearby. Jesus means a person must love all people. + +# On these two commandments depend the whole law and the prophets + +Here "whole law and the prophets" refer to all of scripture. AT: "Everything that Moses and the prophets wrote in the scriptures is based on these two commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/41.md b/mat/22/41.md index a5b079e236..c7c3e140ac 100644 --- a/mat/22/41.md +++ b/mat/22/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Jesus asks the Pharisees a difficult question in order to stop their attempts to trap him. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Jesus begins to question the religious leaders about the Messiah. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story when Jesus asks the religious leaders a question. + +# son ... son of David + +In both of these "son" means "descendant." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/43.md b/mat/22/43.md index 8e1932ac47..a57072a99d 100644 --- a/mat/22/43.md +++ b/mat/22/43.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +Jesus quotes from the Psalms to show that the Christ is more than just "the son of David." -## translationNotes +# How then does David in the Spirit call him Lord -* Jesus continues to question the religious leaders about the Messiah. -* **at my right hand ** - The "right hand" is often used to indicate a place of honor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **until I make your enemies your footstool** - "Until I conquer your enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Jesus uses a question to make the religious leaders think deeply about the Psalm he is about to quote. AT: "Then, tell me why David in the Spirit calls him Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# David in the Spirit + +"David, whom the Holy Spirit is inspiring." This means the Holy Spirit is influencing what David says. + +# call him + +Here "him" refers to the Christ, who is also the descendant of David. + +# The Lord said + +Here "Lord" refers to God the Father. + +# to my Lord + +Here "Lord" refers to the Christ. Also, "my" refers to David. This means the Christ is superior to David. + +# at my right hand + +Here "my" refers to God the Father. The "right hand" is often used to indicate a place of honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until I make your enemies your footstool + +This is an idiom. AT: "until I conquer your enemies" or "until I make your enemies bow down before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/45.md b/mat/22/45.md index 5f44416e56..fe243e7aa2 100644 --- a/mat/22/45.md +++ b/mat/22/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This is the end of the account of the religious leaders trying to trap Jesus with several difficult questions. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to question the religious leaders about the Messiah. +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 19:1](../19/01.md), that tells of Jesus ministering in Judea. + +# If David then calls the Christ 'Lord,' how is he David's son? + +Jesus uses a question to make the religious leaders think deeply about what he is saying. AT: "David calls him 'Lord,' so the Christ has to be more than just a descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If David then calls the Christ + +David referred to Jesus as "Lord" because Jesus was not only a descendant of David, but he was also superior to him. + +# to answer him a word + +Here "word" refers to what people say. AT: "to answer him anything" or "to answer him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# any more questions + +It is implied that no one asked him the kind of questions that were intended to make him say something wrong so the religious leaders could arrest him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/intro.md b/mat/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9eb5fdde6 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Matthew 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of verse 44, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wedding Feast ##### + +In the parable of the wedding feast ([Matthew 22:1-14](./01.md)), Jesus taught that it was important to accept God's invitation of salvation. In Jewish culture, paradise—life with God after death—was often pictured as a feast. Here Jesus pictures it as a wedding feast that a king prepares for his son, who has just gotten married. In addition, Jesus emphasizes that not all people whom God invites will properly prepare themselves to participate. These people will be thrown out from the feast. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit meaning ##### + +Like the other gospel writers, Matthew assumes that his readers will understand many situations that he presents, so he does not give much explanation. He says, for example, in [Matthew 22:15-22](./15.md), that the Pharisees attempted to trick Jesus into saying wrong things, but he assumes that the readers will understand why their question for Jesus was a dangerous one to answer ([Matthew 22:16](./15.md)). They expected that Jesus in his answer would anger either the Jewish people or the Roman authorities. + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or appears to contradict itself. In this chapter, Jesus quotes a psalm referencing that David calls his son "lord," that is, master. The Jews always expected that ancestors would be greater than their descendants. In this passage, Jesus is trying to gradually lead his hearers to the true understanding that the Messiah will himself be divine, and that he, Jesus, is in fact the Messiah. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/01.md b/mat/23/01.md index 95d05c76f7..ed2c56caf8 100644 --- a/mat/23/01.md +++ b/mat/23/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:imitate]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 25:46](../25/44.md), where Jesus teaches about salvation and the final judgment. Here he begins to warn the people about the scribes and Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# sit in Moses' seat -* Jesus begins to warn his followers not to be like the religious leaders. -* **sit in Moses' seat** - "have authority as Moses had" or "have authority to say what the Law of Moses means" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **whatever** - "anything" or "everything" +Here "seat" represents the authority to rule and make judgments. AT: "have authority as Moses had" or "have authority to say what the law of Moses means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whatever + +"anything" or "everything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/04.md b/mat/23/04.md index 275abdb35a..61d0d3b573 100644 --- a/mat/23/04.md +++ b/mat/23/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# they bind heavy burdens that are difficult to carry, and then they put them on people's shoulders -* [[en:tw:bind]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] +Here "burdens" are the many rules that the religious leaders create. AT: "they make you obey many rules that are difficult to follow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they themselves will not move a finger -* Jesus continues to warn his followers not to be like the religious leaders. -* **they bind heavy burdens that are difficult to carry ** - "They place on you many rules that are difficult to follow." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they themselves will not move a finger** - "they will not give the least amount of help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **phylacteries** - small leather boxes containing paper with Scripture written on it +Here "move a finger" is a metaphor for giving help. AT: "they will not give the least amount of help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They do all their deeds to be seen by people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They do all their deeds so that people can see what they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For they make their phylacteries wide, and they enlarge the edges of their garments + +Both of these are things the Pharisees do to appear as if they honor God more than other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# phylacteries + +small leather boxes containing paper with scripture written on it + +# they enlarge the edges of their garments + +Pharisees put long tassels on the bottom of their robes to show their devotion to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/06.md b/mat/23/06.md index f1846a3a7e..82d2bbc964 100644 --- a/mat/23/06.md +++ b/mat/23/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Jesus continues speaking to the crowds and disciples about the Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# chief places ... chief seats -* Jesus continues to warn his followers not to be like the religious leaders. +Both of these are the places where the most important people sit. + +# marketplaces + +large, open-air areas where people buy and sell items + +# to be called 'Rabbi' by people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for people to call them 'Rabbi'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/08.md b/mat/23/08.md index f6e759777e..71586abe16 100644 --- a/mat/23/08.md +++ b/mat/23/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# But you must not be called -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But you must not let anyone call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# you -* Jesus continues to warn his followers not to be like the religious leaders. -* **call no man on earth your father** - "do not call any man on earth your father" or "do not say that any man on earth is your father" +All occurrences of "you" are plural and refer to all of Jesus' followers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you are brothers + +Here "brothers" means "fellow believers." + +# call no man on earth your father + +"do not call any man on earth your father" or "do not say that any man on earth is your father" + +# you have only one Father + +"Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Neither must you be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Also, do not let anyone call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have only one teacher, the Christ + +When Jesus said "the Christ," he was speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Christ, am your only teacher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/11.md b/mat/23/11.md index 25fce21f73..fe1d65107a 100644 --- a/mat/23/11.md +++ b/mat/23/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he who is greatest among you -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"the person who is most important among you" -## translationNotes +# among you -* Jesus continues to warn his followers not to be like the religious leaders. -* **exalts himself** - "makes himself important" -* **exalted** - "lifted up in importance" +Here "you" is plural and refers to Jesus' followers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# exalts himself + +"makes himself important" + +# will be humbled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be exalted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make important" or "God will honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/13.md b/mat/23/13.md index 91a434da96..5b91a9ad89 100644 --- a/mat/23/13.md +++ b/mat/23/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Jesus begins to rebuke the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -## translationNotes +# But woe to you -* Jesus begins to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -* **you do not enter it ** - "you do not allow God to rule over you" -* **devour widows' houses** - "steal everything from women who have no men to protect them" -* **son of hell** - "person who belongs in hell" or "person who should go to hell" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"How terrible it will be for you!" See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:21](../11/20.md). + +# You shut the kingdom of heaven against people + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "You prevent people from accepting our God in heaven as their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you do not enter it + +"you do not accept God as your king" + +# neither do you allow those about to enter to do so + +"neither do you allow those who want to accept God as their king to do so" + +# you go over sea and land + +This is an idiom that means they go to distant places. AT: "you travel great distances" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to make one convert + +"to make one person accept your religion" + +# son of hell + +Here "son of" is an idiom that means "one belonging to." AT: "person who belongs in hell" or "person who should go to hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you devour widows' houses + +In the footnote, "devour" is a metaphor that means to take by force. Possible meanings are 1) "houses" refers to their houses. AT: "you steal widows' homes from them" or 2) "houses" is synecdoche for all their possessions. AT: "you steal all the possessions of widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/16.md b/mat/23/16.md index 2cd5c171c3..fbe0839a52 100644 --- a/mat/23/16.md +++ b/mat/23/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# blind guides ... blind fools -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +The Jewish leaders were spiritually blind. Although they thought of themselves as teachers, they were unable to understand God's truth. See how you translated "blind guides" in [Matthew 15:14](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# by the temple, it is nothing -* Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -* **blind guides...fools** - Though the leaders are not physically blind, they cannot understand that they are wrong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **is bound to his oath** - AT: "must do what he promised to do" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **which is greater, the gold, or the temple that has consecrated the gold?** - Jesus uses this question to rebuke the Pharisees. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"by the temple does not have to keep his oath" + +# is bound to his oath + +"is tied to his oath." Being required to do what one has said he would do in an oath is spoken of as if he is tied to the oath. AT: "must do what he promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Which is greater, the gold or the temple that makes the gold holy? + +Jesus uses this question to rebuke the Pharisees because they treated the gold as if it were more important than the temple. AT: "The temple that has dedicated the gold to God is more important than the gold!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the temple that makes the gold holy + +"the temple that makes the gold belong to God alone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/18.md b/mat/23/18.md index d3a6226fea..ce00912dc0 100644 --- a/mat/23/18.md +++ b/mat/23/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# And -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +The understood information can be made clear. AT: "And you also say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# it is nothing -* Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -* **blind people** - spiritually blind people (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **which is greater, the gift, or the altar that consecrates the gift?** - Jesus uses this question to point out something they already know. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the gift** - a sacrifice of an animal or ground grain brought to God before it had been laid on the altar. Once laid on the altar, it was an offering. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"he does not have to do what he has sworn to do" or "he does not have to keep his oath" + +# the gift + +This is an animal or grain that a person would bring to God by putting it on God's altar. + +# is bound to his oath + +"is tied to his oath." Being required to do what one has said he would do in an oath is spoken of as if he is tied to the oath. AT: "must do what he promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blind people + +The Jewish leaders were spiritually blind. Although they thought of themselves as teachers, they were unable to understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Which is greater, the gift or the altar that makes the gift holy? + +Jesus uses this question to rebuke the Pharisees for treating the gift as if it were more important than the altar. AT: "The altar that makes the gift holy is greater than the gift!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the altar that makes the gift holy + +"the altar that makes the gift special to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/20.md b/mat/23/20.md index 05fd57ec36..739c1e3739 100644 --- a/mat/23/20.md +++ b/mat/23/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# by everything on it -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"by all the gifts that people have placed on it" -## translationNotes +# the one who lives in it ... him who sits on it -* Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. +Both of these refer to God the Father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/23.md b/mat/23/23.md index 5ddeab78d8..1d05941965 100644 --- a/mat/23/23.md +++ b/mat/23/23.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Woe to you -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +"How terrible it will be for you!" See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:21](../11/20.md). -## translationNotes +# mint and dill and cumin -* Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -* **Woe to you** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:mat:23:13]]. -* **mint, dill, and cumin ** - leaves and seeds used to make food taste good (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **You blind guides** - These people are not physically blind. Jesus is comparing spiritual blindness to physical blindness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you who strain out a gnat but swallow a camel** - Being careful to follow the less important laws and ignoring the more important laws is as foolish as being careful not to swallow the smallest unclean animal but eating the meat of the largest unclean animal either purposely or unknowingly. AT: “you are as foolish as a person who strains out a gnat that falls into his drink but swallows a camel.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **strain out a gnat** - drink through cloth that will keep the gnat from going into the mouth -* **gnat** - a small flying insect +These are various leaves and seeds people used to make food taste good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# you have left undone + +"you have not obeyed" + +# the weightier matters + +"the more important matters" + +# But these you ought to have done + +"You ought to have obeyed these more important laws" + +# and not to have left the other undone + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "while also obeying the less important laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# You blind guides + +Jesus uses this metaphor to describe the Pharisees. Jesus means that the Pharisees do not understand God's commands or how to please him. Therefore, they cannot teach others how to please God. See how you translated this metaphor in [Matthew 15:14](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you who strain out a gnat but swallow a camel + +Being careful to follow the less important laws and ignoring the more important laws is as foolish as being careful not to swallow the smallest unclean animal but eating the meat of the largest unclean animal. AT: "you are as foolish as a person who strains out a gnat that falls into his drink but swallows a camel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# strain out a gnat + +This means to pour a liquid through a cloth to remove a gnat from a drink. + +# gnat + +a small flying insect \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/25.md b/mat/23/25.md index 02d87227db..5db1346bda 100644 --- a/mat/23/25.md +++ b/mat/23/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Woe to you -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +"How terrible it will be for you!" See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:21](../11/20.md). -## translationNotes +# For you clean the outside of the cup and of the plate, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence -* Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -* **Woe to you** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:23:13]]. -* **For you clean the outside of the cup and of the plate** - The "scribes" and "Pharisees" appear "pure on the outside" to others. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **inside they are full of extortion and excess** - "they take what belongs to others by force so they can have much more than they need" -* **You blind Pharisee** - The Pharisees do not understand the truth. They are not physically blind. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **clean first the inside of the cup and of the plate, so that the outside may become clean also** - If their hearts are right with God, then their lives will show that as well. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor that means the scribes and Pharisees appear pure on the outside to others, but on the inside they are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are full of greed and self-indulgence + +"they want what others have, and they act in the interest of the self" + +# You blind Pharisee + +The Pharisees were spiritually blind. Although they thought of themselves as teachers, they were unable to understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Clean first the inside of the cup and of the plate, so that the outside may become clean also + +This is a metaphor that means that if they would become pure in their inner being, then the result is that they would be pure on the outside as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/27.md b/mat/23/27.md index b1f0092871..22a0575497 100644 --- a/mat/23/27.md +++ b/mat/23/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# you are like whitewashed tombs ... unclean -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +This is a simile that means the scribes and Pharisees may appear to be pure on the outside, but they are wicked on the inside. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# whitewashed tombs -* Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. +"tombs that someone has painted white." The Jews would paint tombs white so that people would easily see them and avoid touching them. Touching a tomb would make a person ceremonially unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/29.md b/mat/23/29.md index 83f9c5910c..24afab6bb7 100644 --- a/mat/23/29.md +++ b/mat/23/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# of the righteous -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "of the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# in the days of our fathers -* Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. +"during the time of our forefathers" + +# we would not have been participants with them + +"we would not have joined with them" + +# shedding the blood of + +Here "blood" refers to life. To shed blood means to kill. AT: "killing" or "murdering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you are sons + +Here "sons" means "descendants." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/32.md b/mat/23/32.md index 492c0fcfcc..7c1f458723 100644 --- a/mat/23/32.md +++ b/mat/23/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You also fill up the measure of your fathers -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Jesus uses this as a metaphor meaning the Pharisees will complete the wicked behavior that their forefathers started when they killed the prophets. AT: "You also finish the sins your ancestors began" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You serpents, you offspring of vipers -* Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -* **you fill up the measure of your fathers' sin** - "you finish the sins your ancestors began" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **You serpents, you offspring of vipers** - "you are as evil as dangerous and poisonous snakes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **how will you escape the judgment of hell?** - "there is no way for you to escape the judgment of hell!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Serpents and vipers are the same thing. They are dangerous and often symbols of evil. AT: "You are as evil as dangerous and poisonous snakes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# offspring of vipers + +Here "offspring" means "having the characteristic of." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Matthew 3:7](../03/07.md). + +# how will you escape the judgment of hell? + +Jesus uses this question as a rebuke. AT: "there is no way for you to escape the judgment of hell!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/34.md b/mat/23/34.md index 97f1725024..8c0af6fc66 100644 --- a/mat/23/34.md +++ b/mat/23/34.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abel]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahnt]] +Jesus continues to rebuke the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -## translationNotes +# I am sending you prophets and wise men and scribes -* Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -* **from ... Abel ... to ... Zechariah** - Abel was the first victim of murder, and Zechariah was probably thought to be the last to be murdered by Jews in the temple. -* **Zechariah** - not the father of John the Baptist +Sometimes the present tense is used to show that someone will do something very soon. AT: "I will send prophets, wise men, and scribes to you" + +# upon you will come all the righteous blood that has been shed on the earth + +The phrase "upon you will come" is an idiom that means to receive punishment. To shed blood is a metonym meaning to kill people, so "righteous blood that has been shed on the earth" represents righteous people who have been killed. AT: "God will punish you for the murders of all the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the blood ... to the blood + +Here the word "blood" represents a person being killed. AT: "from the murder ... to the murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Abel ... Zechariah + +Abel was the first victim of murder, and Zechariah was probably thought to be the last to be murdered, by Jews in the temple. These two men represent all the murdered righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Zechariah + +This Zechariah was not the father of John the Baptist. + +# whom you killed + +Jesus does not mean the people to whom he is speaking actually killed Zechariah. He means their ancestors did. + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/37.md b/mat/23/37.md index 2612e3bcbb..e9c8483c34 100644 --- a/mat/23/37.md +++ b/mat/23/37.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +Jesus mourns over the people of Jerusalem because they reject every messenger that God sends to them. -## translationNotes +# Jerusalem, Jerusalem -* Jesus says that he is sad because the people of Jerusalem have rejected God. -* **Jerusalem, Jerusalem ** - Jesus speaks to the people of Jerusalem as though they were the city itself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your children** - all of Israel (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **your house is left to you abandoned** - AT: "God will leave your house, and it will be empty" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your house** - Possible meanings: 1) the city of Jerusalem (see UDB) or 2) the temple. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Jesus speaks to the people of Jerusalem as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who are sent to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom God sends to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your children + +Jesus is speaking to Jerusalem as if it is a woman and the people are her children. AT: "your people" or "your inhabitants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# just as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings + +This is a simile that emphasizes Jesus' love for the people and how he wanted to take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# hen + +a female chicken. You can translate with any bird that protects her children under her wing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# your house is left to you desolate + +"God will leave your house, and it will be empty" + +# your house + +Possible meanings are 1) "the city of Jerusalem" or 2) "the temple." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord + +Here "in the name" means "in the power" or "as a representative." See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:9](../21/09.md). AT: "He who comes in the power of the Lord is blessed" or "He who comes as the representative of the Lord will be blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/intro.md b/mat/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3da9e7d2a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Matthew 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hypocrites ##### + +The hypocrisy of the Pharisees is the major theme in this chapter. Jesus speaks at length about this hypocrisy. The Pharisees made rules that no one could actually obey, and then they persuade the ordinary people that they were guilty because they could not obey the rules. In addition, the Pharisees' own rules give them excuses for not obeying God's original commands in the Law of Moses. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Name calling ##### + +In most cultures, it is wrong to insult people. Many of the words in this chapter directed at the Pharisees can be taken as insults. They are called "hypocrites," "blind guides," "fools," and "serpents." Jesus uses these words to describe and condemn their behavior. + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or appears to contradict itself. For example, "he who is greatest among you will be your servant" ([Matthew 23:11-12](./11.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/01.md b/mat/24/01.md index 5a845b9773..d78646b9f4 100644 --- a/mat/24/01.md +++ b/mat/24/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Jesus begins to describe events that will happen before he comes again during the end times. -## translationNotes +# from the temple -* Jesus begins to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **Do you not see all these things?** - Possible meanings: Jesus is talking about 1) the temple buildings (AT: "Let me tell you something about all these buildings.") or 2) the destruction he has just described ("You should have understood what I just told you, but you do not!"). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +It is implied that Jesus was not in the temple itself. He was in the courtyard around the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do you not see all these things? + +Jesus uses a question to make the disciples think deeply about what he will tell them. AT: "Let me tell you something about all these buildings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# not one stone will be left on another that will not be torn down + +It is implied that enemy soldiers will tear down the stones. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the enemy soldiers come, they will tear down every stone in these buildings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/03.md b/mat/24/03.md index 7eaf5afd83..f32565271c 100644 --- a/mat/24/03.md +++ b/mat/24/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# What will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Here "your coming" refers to when Jesus will come in power, establishing God's reign on earth and bringing this age to an end. AT: "What will be the sign that you are about to come and that the world is about to end?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Be careful that no one leads you astray -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **Be careful that no one leads you astray** - "Be careful that you do not believe anyone who lies to you about these things." +"Be careful that you do not believe anyone who lies to you about these things" + +# many will come in my name + +Here "name" refers to "in the authority" or "as the representative" of someone. AT: "many will claim that they have come as my representative" or "many will say they speak for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/06.md b/mat/24/06.md index cb1da5339b..ab587f0512 100644 --- a/mat/24/06.md +++ b/mat/24/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# See that you are not troubled -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let these things trouble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples about the end times. -* **see that you are not troubled** - "do not let these things trouble you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Both of these mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that people everywhere will fight each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the beginning of birth pains + +This refers to the pains a woman feels before giving birth to a child. This metaphor means these wars, famines, and earthquakes are just the beginning of the events that will lead to the end of the age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/09.md b/mat/24/09.md index bb9d2fdb3b..c3f0171f2d 100644 --- a/mat/24/09.md +++ b/mat/24/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they will deliver you up to tribulation and kill you -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:tribulation]] +"people will give you over to the authorities who will make you suffer and will kill you." -## translationNotes +# You will be hated by all the nations -* Jesus continues to tell the disciples about the end times. -* **they will deliver you up ** - "People who want to persecute you will deliver you up" -* **deliver you up** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:10:16]]. +Here "nations" refers to the people of nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People from every nation will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for my name's sake + +Here "name" refers to the complete person. AT: "because you believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will rise up + +"will come" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/12.md b/mat/24/12.md index b4ce1b7264..23c1b06250 100644 --- a/mat/24/12.md +++ b/mat/24/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# lawlessness will increase -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +The abstract noun "lawlessness" can be translated with the phrase "disobeying the law". AT: "disobeying the law will increase" or "people will disobey God's law more and more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the love of many will grow cold -* Jesus continues to talk with his disciples about the end times. -* **the love of many will be extinguished** - Possible meanings: 1) "many people will no longer love other people" (see UDB) or 2) "many people will no longer love God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **all the nations** - AT: "all people in all places" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "many people will no longer love other people" or 2) "many people will no longer love God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the one who endures + +"whoever stays faithful" + +# to the end + +It is not clear whether the "end" means when a person dies, or when the persecution ends, or the end of the age when God shows himself to be king. The main point is that they endure as long as necessary. + +# will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will deliver that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This gospel of the kingdom will be preached + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will speak this message about God's rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the nations + +Here, "nations" stands for people. AT: "all people in all places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then the end + +"The end of the world" or "The end of the age" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/15.md b/mat/24/15.md index 205ad35513..398d45cfec 100644 --- a/mat/24/15.md +++ b/mat/24/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the abomination of desolation -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +"the shameful one who defiles the things of God" -## translationNotes +# which was spoken of by Daniel the prophet -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* ​ -* **which was spoken of by Daniel the prophet** - AT: "about which Daniel the prophet wrote" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "about which Daniel the prophet wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# let the reader understand + +This is not Jesus speaking. Matthew added this to alert the reader that Jesus was using words that they would need to think about and interpret. + +# let him who is on the housetop + +Housetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people could stand on them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/19.md b/mat/24/19.md index 5b08ca5103..ff0517b2b6 100644 --- a/mat/24/19.md +++ b/mat/24/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# those who are with child -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:tribulation]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +This is a polite way to say "pregnant women." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# in those days -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **those who are with child ** - pregnant women (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **winter** - "the cold season" -* **flesh** - people (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"at that time" + +# that your flight will not occur + +"that you do not have to flee" or "that you do not have to run away" + +# winter + +"the cold season" + +# Unless those days are shortened, no flesh would be saved + +This can be stated in positive and active form. AT: "If God does not shorten the time of suffering, everyone will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# flesh + +"people." Here, "flesh" is poetic way of saying all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# those days will be shortened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will shorten the time of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/23.md b/mat/24/23.md index f7616086a9..076fb8138a 100644 --- a/mat/24/23.md +++ b/mat/24/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -## translationNotes +# do not believe it -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **do not believe it** - "do not believe the false things they have said to you" +"do not believe the false things they have said to you" + +# so as to lead astray + +This is an idiom. AT: "so as to cause people to disobey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# astray, if possible, even the elect + +This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "astray. If possible, they will even cause the elect to disobey God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/26.md b/mat/24/26.md index 27d154e61a..25e5c6992f 100644 --- a/mat/24/26.md +++ b/mat/24/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# if they say to you, 'Look, he is in the wilderness,' -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "if someone tells you that the Christ is in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# Or, 'See, he is in the inner rooms,' -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **as the lightning shines … so will be the coming …** - He will come very fast and be easy to see. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Wherever a dead animal is, there the vultures will gather** - Possible meanings: 1) when the Son of Man comes, everyone will see him and know that he has come (see UDB) or 2) wherever spiritually dead people are, false prophets ([[en:bible:notes:mat:24:09]]) will be there to tell them lies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **vultures** - birds that eat the bodies of dead or dying creatures +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Or, if someone tells you that the Christ is in the inner room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# in the inner rooms + +"in a secret room" or "in secret places" + +# as the lightning shines ... so will be the coming + +This means the Son of Man will come very fast and he will be easy to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Wherever a dead animal is, there the vultures will gather + +This is probably a proverb that the people of Jesus' time understood. Possible meanings are 1) when the Son of Man comes, everyone will see him and know that he has come, or 2) wherever spiritually dead people are, false prophets will be there to tell them lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# vultures + +birds that eat the bodies of dead or dying creatures \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/29.md b/mat/24/29.md index e58af7fc77..0f03024ee3 100644 --- a/mat/24/29.md +++ b/mat/24/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# immediately -* [[en:tw:tribulation]] +"right away" -## translationNotes +# the tribulation of those days -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **immediately** - "right away" -* **those days** - the days described in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:24:32]] -* **the sun will be darkened** - "God will make the sun dark" (See: Active/Passive) -* **the powers of the heavens will be shaken ** - "God will shake things in the sky and above the sky" (See: Active/Passive) +"that time of suffering" + +# the sun will be darkened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make the sun dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the powers of the heavens will be shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will shake things in the sky and above the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/30.md b/mat/24/30.md index b01eb2cc98..fefd7e9c96 100644 --- a/mat/24/30.md +++ b/mat/24/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the Son of Man ... He ... his -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# all the tribes -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **beat their breasts** - hit their chests to show they are afraid of the coming punishment -* **they will gather** - "his angels will gather" -* **his elect** - the people whom the Son of Man has chosen -* **the four winds** - AT: "from the north, the south, the east, and the west" (see UDB) or "from everywhere." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "tribes" refers to people. AT: "all the people of the tribes" or "all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet + +"When the trumpet sounds, he will send his angels" or "When an angel blows the trumpet, he will send his angels" + +# they will gather + +"his angels will gather" + +# his elect + +These are the people whom the Son of Man has chosen. + +# from the four winds, from one end of the sky to the other + +Both of these mean the same thing. They are idioms that mean "from everywhere." AT: "from all over the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/32.md b/mat/24/32.md index 98245d73af..1d088b2504 100644 --- a/mat/24/32.md +++ b/mat/24/32.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he is near -* [[en:tw:fig]] +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "the time for me to come is near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# at the very gates -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **close to the gates** - like an attacking army ready to break into a city (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"close to the gates." Jesus uses the imagery of a king or important official getting close to the gates of a walled city. It is a metaphor meaning the time for Jesus to come is soon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/34.md b/mat/24/34.md index 3446bbd0c7..67d43f8607 100644 --- a/mat/24/34.md +++ b/mat/24/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly I say to you -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -## translationNotes +# this generation will not pass away -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **this generation will not pass away** - "the people living today will not all die" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **until all of these things will have occurred** - AT: "until God causes all these things to happen" -* **Heaven and the earth will pass away** - "Heaven and the earth will no longer exist" +Here "pass away" is a polite way of referring to death. AT: "the people living today will not all die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# until all of these things will have happened + +"until God causes all these things to happen" + +# Heaven and the earth will pass away + +"Heaven and the earth will no longer exist" + +# my words will never pass away + +Here "words" refers to what Jesus has said. AT: "what I say will always be true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/36.md b/mat/24/36.md index ef684f1bcd..aabd92056d 100644 --- a/mat/24/36.md +++ b/mat/24/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# that day and hour -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +Here "day" and "hour" refer to the exact time that the Son of Man will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# nor the Son -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **nor the Son** - "not even the Son" +"not even the Son" + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/37.md b/mat/24/37.md index 41111c7d10..b7868ab48e 100644 --- a/mat/24/37.md +++ b/mat/24/37.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# As the days of Noah were, so will be the coming of the Son of Man -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:noah]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +"At the time when the Son of Man comes, it will be like the time of Noah." -## translationNotes +# Son of Man -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **As the days of Noah were, so will be the coming of the Son of Man** - AT: "The day when the Son of Man comes again will be like the days of Noah were" because no one will know that bad things will happen to them. -* **For as in those days before the flood they were eating and drinking, ... took them all away—so will be the coming of the Son of Man** - AT: "The days before the Son of Man comes will be like the days before the flood, when everyone was eating and drinking, ... took them all away" +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the ark, and they knew nothing + +This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "the ark. And the people did not realize anything was happening" + +# away—so will be the coming of the Son of Man + +This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "away. This is how it will be when the Son of Man comes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/40.md b/mat/24/40.md index 0a1f607eee..384d1b6a0b 100644 --- a/mat/24/40.md +++ b/mat/24/40.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Jesus begins to tell his disciples to be ready for his return. -## translationNotes +# Then -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -* **Then** - When the Son of Man comes. -* **one will be taken, and one will be left behind.** - Possible meanings: 1) God will take one away to heaven and will leave the other on earth for punishment (see UDB) or 2) the angels will take one away for punishment and leave the other for blessing (see [[:en:bible:notes:mat:13:40]]). -* **mill** - a tool for grinding -* **Therefore** - "Because of what I have told you" -* **be on your guard** - "pay attention" +This is when the Son of Man comes. + +# one will be taken, and one will be left + +Possible meanings are 1) the Son of Man will take one away to heaven and will leave the other on earth for punishment or 2) the angels will take one away for punishment and leave the other for blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mill + +a tool for grinding + +# Therefore + +"Because of what I have told you" + +# be on your guard + +"pay attention" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/43.md b/mat/24/43.md index 665e54fb29..6371f38a07 100644 --- a/mat/24/43.md +++ b/mat/24/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# that if the master of the house ... broken into -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus uses a parable of a master and servants to illustrate that his disciples should be prepared for his return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# the thief -* Jesus tells his disciples how to get ready for his return. -* **the thief** - Jesus is saying he will come when people are not expecting him, not that he will come to steal. -* **he would have been on guard** - "he would have guarded his house" to keep it safe -* **and would not have allowed his house to be broken into** - "he would not have allowed anyone to get into his house to steal things" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Jesus is saying he will come when people are not expecting him, not that he will come to steal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he would have been on guard + +"he would have guarded his house" + +# would not have allowed his house to be broken into + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he would not have allowed anyone to get into his house to steal things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/45.md b/mat/24/45.md index b187f7c442..9527a1f14a 100644 --- a/mat/24/45.md +++ b/mat/24/45.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Jesus continues his proverb of a master and servants to illustrate that his disciples should be prepared for his return. -## translationNotes +# So who is the faithful and wise servant whom his master ... time? -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples how to get ready for his return. -* **So who is the faithful, wise servant, whom his master …?** - AT: "So who is the faithful, wise servant? He is the one whom his master ...." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **give them their food** - "give the people in the master's home their food" +Jesus uses this question to make his disciples think. AT: "So who is the faithful and wise servant? He is the one whom his master ... time." or "Be like the faithful and wise servant, whom his master ... time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# give them their food + +"give the people in the master's home their food" + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/48.md b/mat/24/48.md index b19dc594e1..967bc589f8 100644 --- a/mat/24/48.md +++ b/mat/24/48.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus concludes his proverb of a master and servants to illustrate that his disciples should be prepared for his return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -## translationNotes +# says in his heart -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples how to get ready for his return. -* **says in his heart ** - "thinks in his mind" -* **make his fate** - "to treat him" +Here "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "thinks in his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My master has been delayed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My master is slow to return" or "My master will not return for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on a day that the servant does not expect and at an hour that he does not know + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize that the master will come when the servant is not expecting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# make his fate + +"treat him" + +# cut him in pieces + +This is an idiom that means to make the person suffer terribly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# weeping and grinding of teeth + +This represents extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/intro.md b/mat/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4ed617a7e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Matthew 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Formatting #### + +In this chapter, Jesus begins to prophesy about the future leading up to his return as king of the universe. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The end of the world" ##### + +In this chapter, Jesus gives an answer to his disciples when they ask how they will know when he will come again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### The example of Noah ##### + +In the time of Noah, there was a great flood which God sent as punishment for the sins of man. There were many warnings about this coming flood, but it actually began suddenly. In this chapter, Jesus draws a comparison between that flood and the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Let" ##### + +The ULB uses this word to begin several commands of Jesus, such as "let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains" (24:16), "let him who is on the housetop not go down to take out anything that is in his house" (24:17), and "and let him who is in the field not return to take his cloak" (24:17). There are many different ways to form a command. Translators must select the most natural ways in their own languages. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/01.md b/mat/25/01.md index 0f58853e75..1f57233480 100644 --- a/mat/25/01.md +++ b/mat/25/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Jesus tells a parable about wise and foolish virgins to illustrate that his disciples should be prepared for his return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# the kingdom of heaven will be like -* Jesus begins to tell a parable about wise and foolish virgins. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_parables]]) -* **lamps ** - These could have been 1) lamps (see UDB) or 2) torches made by putting cloth around the end of a stick and wetting the cloth with oil. -* **Five of them ** - "Five of the virgins" -* **did not take any oil with them** - "had with them only the oil in their lamps" +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). AT: "when our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lamps + +These could have been 1) lamps or 2) torches made by putting cloth around the end of a stick and wetting the cloth with oil. + +# Five of them + +"Five of the virgins" + +# did not take any oil with them + +"had with them only the oil in their lamps" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/05.md b/mat/25/05.md index ce837f62ec..b13876c2ac 100644 --- a/mat/25/05.md +++ b/mat/25/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Jesus starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# while the bridegroom was delayed -* Jesus continues to tell a parable about wise and foolish virgins. -* **they all got sleepy** - "all ten virgins got sleepy" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "while the bridegroom was taking a long time to arrive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they all got sleepy + +"all ten virgins got sleepy" + +# there was a cry + +"someone shouted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/07.md b/mat/25/07.md index f36c7b5877..1ab4013317 100644 --- a/mat/25/07.md +++ b/mat/25/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# trimmed their lamps -* Jesus continues to tell a parable about wise and foolish virgins. -* **trimmed their lamps ** - "adjusted their lamps so they would burn brightly" -* **The foolish said to the wise** - "The foolish virgins said to the wise virgins" -* **our lamps are going out ** - “the fire in our lamps is no longer burning brightly” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"adjusted their lamps so they would burn brightly" + +# The foolish said to the wise + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "The foolish virgins said to the wise virgins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# our lamps are going out + +This is an idiom. AT: "the fire in our lamps is about to burn out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/10.md b/mat/25/10.md index b75a262854..d3f7991480 100644 --- a/mat/25/10.md +++ b/mat/25/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +Jesus concludes the parable about the ten virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# they went away -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples a parable about wise and foolish virgins. -* **they went away** - "the five foolish virgins went away" -* **those who were ready** - the virgins who had extra oil -* **the door was shut** - AT: "someone shut the door" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **open for us** - "open the door for us so we can come inside" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I do not know you** - “I do not know who you are.” +"the five foolish virgins went away" + +# to buy + +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "to buy more oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# those who were ready + +These are the virgins who had extra oil. + +# the door was shut + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the servants shut the door" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# open for us + +This implicit information can be stated explicitly. AT: "open the door for us so we can come inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what the master says next. + +# I do not know you + +"I do not know who you are." This is the end of the parable. + +# you do not know the day or the hour + +Here "day" and "hour" refer to an exact time. The implied information can be stated explicitly. AT: "you do not know the exact time when the Son of Man will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/14.md b/mat/25/14.md index 9547068351..cc794ec692 100644 --- a/mat/25/14.md +++ b/mat/25/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus tells a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants to illustrate that his disciples should remain faithful during his absence and be prepared for his return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# it is like -* Jesus begins to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. -* **it is like** - "the kingdom of heaven is like" (See [[:en:bible:notes:mat:25:01]]) -* **was about to go** - "was ready to go" or "was to go soon" -* **gave over to them his wealth** - "put them in charge of his wealth" -* **his wealth** - "his property" -* **five talents** - A "talent" was worth twenty years' wages. Avoid translating this into modern money. The parable is comparing the relative amounts of five, two, and one as well as the large amount of wealth involved. (See UDB, "five bags of gold" and [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **he went on his journey** - "the master went on his journey" -* **and made another five talents** - "and earned another five talents" +"the kingdom of heaven is like" (See: [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md)) + +# was about to go + +"was ready to go" or "was to go soon" + +# gave over to them his wealth + +"put them in charge of his wealth" + +# his wealth + +"his property" + +# five talents + +"five talents of gold." Avoid translating this into modern money. A "talent" of gold was worth twenty years' wages. The parable is contrasting the relative amounts of five, two, and one, as well as the large amount of wealth involved. AT: "five bags of gold" or "five bags of gold, each worth 20 years' wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# to another he gave two ... gave one talent + +The word "talents" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "to another he gave two talents of gold ... gave one talent of gold" or "to another he gave two bags of gold ... gave one bag of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# according to his own ability + +The implicit information can be stated explicitly. AT: "according to each servant's skill in managing wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# made another five talents + +"out of his investments, he earned another five talents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/17.md b/mat/25/17.md index 84cbb84ade..05a8ea9ef8 100644 --- a/mat/25/17.md +++ b/mat/25/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus continues telling a parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## translationNotes +# made another two -* Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. -* **made another two** - "earned another two talents" +"earned another two talents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/19.md b/mat/25/19.md index c202c11faa..d9ec5a4058 100644 --- a/mat/25/19.md +++ b/mat/25/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] +Jesus continues telling the parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## translationNotes +# Now -* Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. -* **I have made five more talents** - "I have earned five more talents" -* **talents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:25:14]]. -* **Well done ** - "You have done well" or "You have done right." Your culture might have an expression that a master (or someone in authority) would use to show that he approves of what his servant (or someone under him) has done. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Jesus starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# I have made five talents more + +"I have earned five more talents" + +# talents + +A "talent" was worth twenty years' wages. Avoid translating this into modern money. See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:15](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Well done + +"You have done well" or "You have done right." Your culture might have an expression that a master (or someone in authority) would use to show that he approves of what his servant (or someone under him) has done. + +# Enter into the joy of your master + +The phrase "Enter into the joy" is an idiom. Also, the master is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "Come and be happy with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/22.md b/mat/25/22.md index c0901d51c5..9d683d3acc 100644 --- a/mat/25/22.md +++ b/mat/25/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus continues telling the parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## translationNotes +# I have made two more talents -* Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. -* **I have made ... more talents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:25:19]]. -* **Well done ... the joy of your master** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:25:19]]. +"I have earned two more talents" + +# Well done + +"You have done well" or "You have done right." Your culture might have an expression that a master (or someone in authority) would use to show that he approves of what his servant (or someone under him) has done. See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:21](./19.md). + +# Enter into the joy of your master + +The phrase "Enter into the joy" is an idiom. Also, the master is speaking about himself in the third person. See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:21](./19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/24.md b/mat/25/24.md index 1b6c3b4024..79cbeb1e0f 100644 --- a/mat/25/24.md +++ b/mat/25/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +Jesus continues telling the parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## translationNotes +# You reap where you did not sow, and you harvest where you did not scatter -* Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. -* **you reap where you did not sow, and you harvest where you did not scatter** - AT: "you gather garden food from gardens in which you paid someone else to put the seed in the ground" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **scatter ** - In those days they often threw small amounts of seed around instead of planting in rows. -* **See, you have here what belongs to you** - "Look, here is what is yours" +These two statements mean the same thing. They refer to a farmer who gathers crops that do not belong to him. The servant uses this metaphor to accuse the master of being a ruthless businessman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# scatter + +In those days they often threw small amounts of seed around instead of planting in rows. + +# See, you have here what belongs to you + +"Look, here is what is yours" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/26.md b/mat/25/26.md index 2e4b3a7dbc..5beef7153a 100644 --- a/mat/25/26.md +++ b/mat/25/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus continues telling a parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# You wicked and lazy servant -* Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. -* **You wicked and lazy servant** - "You are a wicked servant who does not want to work" -* **I reap where I have not sowed and harvest where I have not scattered** - See how you translated this idea in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:25:24]] -* **received back my own** - "received back my own gold" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **interest** - payment from the banker for the temporary use of the master's money +"You are a wicked servant who does not want to work" + +# I reap where I have not sowed and harvest where I have not scattered + +These two statements mean the same thing. They refer to a farmer who gathers crops that do not belong to him. The servant uses this metaphor to accuse the master of being a ruthless businessman. See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:24](./24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# received back my own + +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "received back my own money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# interest + +payment from the banker for the temporary use of the master's money \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/28.md b/mat/25/28.md index 4657115164..9a7e567182 100644 --- a/mat/25/28.md +++ b/mat/25/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Jesus concludes the parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## translationNotes +# take away the talent -* Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. -* **even more abundantly** - "even much more" -* **where there will be weeping and grinding of teeth** - “where people will cry and grind their teeth.” +The master is speaking to other servants. + +# talent + +A "talent" was worth twenty years' wages. Avoid translating this into modern money. See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:15](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# who possesses + +It is implied that the person who possesses something also uses it wisely. AT: "who uses well what he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# more will be given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will give him more" or "I will give him more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# even more abundantly + +"even much more" + +# from anyone who does not possess anything + +It is implied that the person does possess something but he does not use it wisely. AT: "from anyone does not use well what he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will be taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will take away" or "I will take away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and grinding of teeth + +"outside into the dark where there is only crying and grinding of teeth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/31.md b/mat/25/31.md index 6546b13f29..8cbf91f0d5 100644 --- a/mat/25/31.md +++ b/mat/25/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Jesus begins to tell his disciples how he will judge people when he returns at the end time. -## translationNotes +# the Son of Man -* Jesus begins to tell his disciples how he will judge people at the end of the age. -* **Before him will be gathered all the nations** - AT: "He will gather all the nations before him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Before him** - "In front of him" -* **all the nations ** - "all people from every country" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **goats - ** - ** Goats are medium-sized four-footed mammals that are similar to sheep, often domesticated or herded like sheep. -* **He will place** - "the Son of Man will place" +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Before him will be gathered all the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will gather all the nations before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Before him + +"In front of him" + +# all the nations + +Here "nations" refers to people. AT: "all people from every country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats + +Jesus uses a simile to describe how he will separate the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He will place the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on his left + +This is a metaphor that means the Son of Man will separate all people. He will put the righteous people at his right side, and he will put the sinners at his left side. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/34.md b/mat/25/34.md index dcaf25149d..544d542cc6 100644 --- a/mat/25/34.md +++ b/mat/25/34.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the King ... his right hand -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Here, "the King" is another title for the Son of Man. Jesus was referring to himself in the third person. AT: "I, the King, ... my right hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# Come, you who have been blessed by my Father -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples how he will judge people at the end of the age. -* **the King** - "the Son of Man" ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:25:31]]) -* **those on his right hand** - the "sheep" ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:25:31]]) -* **Come, you who have been blessed by my Father ** - AT: "Come, you whom my Father has blessed" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **inherit the kingdom prepared for you** - AT: "inherit the kingdom that God has made ready for you" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Come, you whom my Father has blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# inherit the kingdom prepared for you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "inherit the kingdom that God has made ready for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# inherit the kingdom prepared for you + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "receive the blessings of God's rule that he has planned to give you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the foundation of the world + +"since he first created the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/37.md b/mat/25/37.md index 8ba0438836..47755afb9f 100644 --- a/mat/25/37.md +++ b/mat/25/37.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the righteous -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:amen|amen, truly]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +This can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# Or thirsty ... Or naked -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples how he will judge people at the end of the age. -* **the King** - "the Son of Man" ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:25:31]]) -* **say to them ** - "say to those at his right hand" -* **brothers** - If your language has a word that would include both male and female, use it here. -* **you did it for me ** - "I consider that you did it for me" +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "Or when did we see you thirsty ... Or when did we see you naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the King + +This is another title for the Son of Man. Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# say to them + +"say to those at his right hand" + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This emphasizes what the King says next. + +# one of the least + +"one of the least important" + +# of these brothers of mine + +Here "brothers" refers to anyone, male or female, who obeys the King. AT: "my brothers and sisters here" or "these who are like my brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# you did it for me + +"I consider that you did it for me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/41.md b/mat/25/41.md index 87c84eb08c..13c7ee763e 100644 --- a/mat/25/41.md +++ b/mat/25/41.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he will -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:hell|hell, lake of fire]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:satan|Satan, devil, evil one]] +"Then the King will." Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# you cursed -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples how he will judge people at the end of the age. -* **you cursed** - "you people whom God has cursed" -* **the eternal fire that has been prepared** - AT: "the eternal fire that God has prepared" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his angels** - his helpers -* **you did not clothe me** - “you did not give me clothes" -* **sick and in prison ** - "I was sick and in prison" +"you people whom God has cursed" + +# the eternal fire that has been prepared + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the eternal fire that God has prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his angels + +his helpers + +# naked, but you did not clothe me + +The words "I was" preceding "naked" are understood. AT: "I was naked, but you did not give me clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# sick and in prison + +The words "I was" preceding "sick" are understood. AT: "I was sick and in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/44.md b/mat/25/44.md index ea2aee3552..fc9c970467 100644 --- a/mat/25/44.md +++ b/mat/25/44.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Jesus finishes telling his disciples how he will judge people when he returns at the end time. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to tell his disciples how he will judge people at the end of the age. -* **they will also answer ** - "those on his left" ([[en:bible:notes:mat:25:41]]) will also answer -* **for one of the least of these** - "for any of the least important ones of my people" -* **you did not do for me** - “I consider that you did not do it for me” or "I was really the one whom you did not help" -* **eternal punishment** - "punishment that never ends" -* **the righteous into eternal life** - "the righteous people will go into eternal life" +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 23:1](../23/01.md), where Jesus teaches about salvation and the final judgment. + +# they will also answer + +"those on his left will also answer" + +# for one of the least of these + +"for any of the least important ones of my people" + +# you did not do for me + +"I consider that you did not do it for me" or "I was really the one whom you did not help" + +# These will go away into eternal punishment + +"The King will send these to a place where they will receive punishment that never ends" + +# but the righteous into eternal life + +The understood information can be made clear. AT: "but the King will send the righteous to the place where they will live forever with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the righteous + +This nominative adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/intro.md b/mat/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9af86a421d --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Matthew 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Formatting #### + +This chapter continues the teaching of the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The parable of the ten virgins ##### + +Among the Jews, when a marriage was arranged, there was a period of time before the wedding. At the end of this time, the young man would go to his bride's house, where she was waiting for him. The wedding ceremony would then take place. With great celebration they would then travel to the groom's home, where there would be a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +Jesus makes use of these customs to tell his parable of the ten virgins ([Matthew 25:1-13](./01.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/01.md b/mat/26/01.md index b94107367a..10d86e9a6b 100644 --- a/mat/26/01.md +++ b/mat/26/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that tells of Jesus' crucifixion, death, and resurrection. Here he tells his disciples how he will suffer and die. -## translationNotes +# It came about that when -* Jesus begins to tell the disciples how he will suffer and die. -* **It came about that** - If your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here. -* **all these words** - the words of [[:en:bible:notes:mat:24:03]] -* **the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified** - "Some men will give the Son of Man to other people who will crucify him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. AT: "Then" or "After" + +# all these words + +This refers to all that Jesus taught starting in [Matthew 24:3](../24/03.md). + +# the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "some men will give the Son of Man to other people who will crucify him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/03.md b/mat/26/03.md index 455960272c..709beee6b5 100644 --- a/mat/26/03.md +++ b/mat/26/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caiaphas]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] +These verses give background information about the Jewish leaders' plot to arrest and kill Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# were gathered together -* The Jewish leaders plot to have Jesus arrested and killed. -* **stealthily ** - "secretly" -* **during the feast** - during the yearly Passover feast +This can be stated in active form. AT: "came together" or "met together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jesus stealthily + +"Jesus secretly" + +# Not during the feast + +What the leaders did not want to do during the feast can be made more clear. AT: "We should not kill Jesus during the feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the feast + +This is the yearly Passover feast. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/06.md b/mat/26/06.md index 6c3bf6958a..e976362b78 100644 --- a/mat/26/06.md +++ b/mat/26/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +This begins the account of a woman pouring expensive oil on Jesus before his death. -## translationNotes +# Now -* A woman puts oil on Jesus before his death. -* **reclining** - lying on his side. You can use your language's word for the position people usually are in when they eat. -* **a woman came to him** - a woman came to Jesus -* **alabaster jar** - a container that costs much to buy made of soft stone -* **ointment** - oil that has a pleasing smell -* **What is the reason for this waste?** - "This woman has done a bad thing by wasting this ointment!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# Simon the leper + +It is implied that this is a man whom Jesus had healed from leprosy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he was reclining + +"Jesus was lying on his side." You can use your language's word for the position people usually are in when they eat. + +# a woman came to him + +"a woman came to Jesus" + +# alabaster jar + +This is a costly container made of soft stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# ointment + +oil that has a pleasing smell + +# she poured it upon his head + +The woman does this to honor Jesus. + +# What is the reason for this waste? + +The disciples ask this question out of their anger over the woman's actions. AT: "This woman has done a bad thing by wasting this ointment!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# This could have been sold for a large amount and given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "She could have sold this for a large amount of money and given the money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the poor + +Here "the poor" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "to poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/10.md b/mat/26/10.md index caa1ec7ab9..24f57973fc 100644 --- a/mat/26/10.md +++ b/mat/26/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you troubling this woman? +Jesus asks this question as a rebuke of his disciples. AT: "You should not be troubling this woman!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why are you -* Jesus praises the woman who anointed him before his death. -* **Why are you troubling this woman?** - AT: "You should not be troubling this woman!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **You ... you ... you** - the disciples +All occurrences of "you" are plural and refer to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the poor + +This can be stated as an adjective. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/12.md b/mat/26/12.md index bbd370ed7e..493bc2c5a6 100644 --- a/mat/26/12.md +++ b/mat/26/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# ointment -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] +This is oil that has a pleasing smell. See how you translated this in [Matthew 26:7](./06.md). -## translationNotes +# Truly I say to you -* Jesus continues to praise the woman who anointed him before his death. +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# wherever this gospel is preached + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "wherever people preach this gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what this woman has done will also be spoken of in memory of her + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will remember what this woman has done and will tell others about her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/14.md b/mat/26/14.md index 35ca417896..c4039e3200 100644 --- a/mat/26/14.md +++ b/mat/26/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +Judas Iscariot agrees to help the Jewish leaders arrest and kill Jesus. -## translationNotes +# to deliver him to you -* One of the disciples agrees to help the Jewish leaders arrest and kill Jesus. -* **deliver him to you** - "turn Jesus over to you" or "help you arrest Jesus" -* **thirty pieces of silver** - Since these words are the same as those in an Old Testament prophecy, keep this form instead of changing it to modern money. -* **to deliver him to them** - "to help the chief priests arrest Jesus" +"to turn Jesus over to you" or "to help you arrest Jesus" + +# thirty pieces of silver + +Since these words are the same as those in an Old Testament prophecy, keep this form instead of changing it to modern money. + +# thirty pieces + +"30 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to deliver him to them + +"to help the chief priests arrest Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/17.md b/mat/26/17.md index 4e71691139..e0274e5447 100644 --- a/mat/26/17.md +++ b/mat/26/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +This begins the account of Jesus celebrating the Passover with his disciples. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Jesus gets ready to eat the Passover meal with his disciples. -* **He said, "Go into the city to a certain man and say to him, 'The Teacher says, "My time is at hand; I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples."'"** - Jesus is telling his disciples to tell another man Jesus' message to that man. AT: “He told his disciples to go into the city to a certain man and tell him that the Teacher says to him, 'My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples.'” or “He told his disciples to go into the city to a certain man and say to him that the Teacher says his time is at hand and he will keep the Passover with his disciples at that man's house.” -* **My time** - Possible meanings: 1) "The time that I told you about" (UDB) or 2) "The time God has set for me." -* **is at hand ** - Possible meanings: 1) "is near" (UDB) or 2) "has come." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **keep the Passover** - "eat the Passover meal" or "celebrate the Passover by eating the special meal" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# He said, "Go into the city to a certain man and say to him, 'The Teacher says, "My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples."'" + +This has quotations within quotations. You can state some of the direct quotations as indirect quotations. AT: "He told his disciples to go into the city to a certain man and tell him that the Teacher says to him, 'My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples'" or "He told his disciples to go into the city to a certain man and say to him that the Teacher's time is at hand and he will keep the Passover with his disciples at that man's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# My time + +Possible meanings are 1) "The time that I told you about" or 2) "The time God has set for me." + +# is at hand + +Possible meanings are 1) "is near" or 2) "has come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# keep the Passover + +"eat the Passover meal" or "celebrate the Passover by eating the special meal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/20.md b/mat/26/20.md index 2eb362c765..6e9a7e3dc1 100644 --- a/mat/26/20.md +++ b/mat/26/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he sat down to eat -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Use the word for the position people in your culture usually are in when they eat. -## translationNotes +# Truly I say to you -* Jesus teaches his disciples as he eats the Passover meal with them. -* **he sat down to eat** - Use the word for the position people in your culture usually are in when they eat. -* **Surely not I, Lord?** - "I am surely not the one, am I, Lord?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# Surely not I, Lord? + +"I am surely not the one, am I, Lord?" Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question since the apostles were sure they would not betray Jesus. AT: "Lord, I would never betray you!" or 2) this was a sincere question since Jesus' statement probably troubled and confused them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/23.md b/mat/26/23.md index 6094603063..62311da426 100644 --- a/mat/26/23.md +++ b/mat/26/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The Son of Man -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# will go -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples as he eats the Passover meal with them. -* **that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed** - "the man who betrays the Son of Man" -* **You have said it yourself** - "As you have said, you are the one" or "You have just admitted it" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "go" is a polite way to refer to dying. AT: "will go to his death" or "will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# just as it is written about him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as the prophets wrote about him in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man who betrays the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Is it I, Rabbi? + +"Rabbi, am I the one who will betray you?" Judas may be using a rhetorical question to deny that he is the one who will betray Jesus. AT: "Rabbi, surely I am not the one who will betray you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You have said it yourself + +This is an idiom that Jesus uses to mean "yes" without being completely clear about what he means. AT: "You are saying it" or "You are admitting it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/26.md b/mat/26/26.md index d75bd6e9a7..db067ddc28 100644 --- a/mat/26/26.md +++ b/mat/26/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +Jesus institutes the Lord's Supper as he celebrates the Passover with his disciples. -## translationNotes +# took ... blessed ... broke -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples as he eats the Passover meal with them. -* **took … blessed … broke** - Translate these as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:14:19]]. +See how you translated these words in [Matthew 14:19](../14/19.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/27.md b/mat/26/27.md index 5de510d77b..e71e76c36d 100644 --- a/mat/26/27.md +++ b/mat/26/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# He took -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:newcovenant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Translate "took" as you did in [Matthew 14:19](../14/19.md). -## translationNotes +# a cup -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples as he eats the Passover meal with them. -* **took** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:14:19]]. -* **gave it to them** - "gave it to the disciples" -* **blood of the covenant** - "blood that shows that the covenant is in effect" or "blood that makes the covenant possible" -* **is poured out** - “is poured out in death” or “will soon flow out of my body" or "will flow out of my wounds when I die” -* **fruit of the vine** - "wine" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "cup" refers to the cup and the wine in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# gave it to them + +"gave it to the disciples" + +# Drink it + +"Drink the wine from this cup" + +# For this is my blood + +"For this wine is my blood" + +# blood of the covenant + +"blood that shows that the covenant is in effect" or "blood that makes the covenant possible" + +# is poured out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will soon flow out of my body" or "will flow out of my wounds when I die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# fruit of the vine + +This is an idiom. AT: "wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in my Father's kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "when my Father establishes his rule on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my Father's + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/30.md b/mat/26/30.md index 4cc49a8dae..68d5f31205 100644 --- a/mat/26/30.md +++ b/mat/26/30.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Jesus continues to teach his disciples as they walk to the Mount of Olives. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples as they walk to the Mount of Olives. -* **hymn ** - a song of praise to God -* **fall away ** - "leave me" -* **the sheep of the flock will be scattered** - AT: 1) "they will scatter all the sheep of the flock" (UDB) or 2) "the sheep of the flock will run off in all directions." -* **sheep of the flock** - the disciples (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **after I am raised up** - AT: "after God raises me up" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I am raised up** - AT: "God raises me up from the dead" +In verse 31, Jesus quotes the prophet Zechariah to show that in order to fulfill prophecy, all of his disciples will leave him. + +# hymn + +a song of praise to God + +# fall away + +"leave me" + +# for it is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the prophet Zechariah wrote long ago in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will strike + +Here "I" refers to God. It is implied that God will cause or allow people to harm and kill Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the shepherd ... sheep of the flock + +These are metaphors that refer to Jesus and the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sheep of the flock will be scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will scatter all the sheep of the flock" or "the sheep of the flock will run off in all directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# after I am raised up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after God raises me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/33.md b/mat/26/33.md index 3bfa00d9bd..377cddde04 100644 --- a/mat/26/33.md +++ b/mat/26/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# fall away -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +See how you translated this in [Matthew 26:31](./30.md). -## translationNotes +# Truly I say to you -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples as they walk to the Mount of Olives. -* **fall away ** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:26:30]]. -* **before the rooster crows** - AT: "before the sun comes up" -* **rooster** - a bird that calls out loudly around the time the sun comes up -* **crows** - the sound a rooster makes +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# before the rooster crows + +Roosters crow when the sun comes up. AT: "before the sun comes up" + +# rooster + +a bird that calls out loudly around the time the sun comes up + +# crows + +This is the sound a rooster makes. + +# you will deny me three times + +"you will say three times that you are not my follower" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/36.md b/mat/26/36.md index 409a916958..7440b85036 100644 --- a/mat/26/36.md +++ b/mat/26/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:gethsemane]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:zebedee]] +This begins the account of Jesus praying in Gethsemane. -## translationNotes +# began to become sorrowful -* Jesus continues to teach his disciples as they walk to the Mount of Olives. -* **sorrowful** - very sad +"he became very sad" + +# My soul is deeply sorrowful + +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: "I am very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# even to death + +This is an idiom. AT: "I feel like I could even die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/39.md b/mat/26/39.md index d06001ce18..2f03e8dd4f 100644 --- a/mat/26/39.md +++ b/mat/26/39.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# fell on his face -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +He purposely lay face down on the ground to pray. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# My Father -* This begins the account of Jesus praying in the garden of Gethsemane. -* **fell on his face ** - purposely lay face down on the ground to pray (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an important title for God that shows the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# let this cup pass from me + +Here "cup" is a metonym that stands for the cup and the contents within it. The contents in the cup are a metaphor for the suffering that Jesus will have to endure. Jesus is asking the Father if it is possible for him not to have to suffer and die in the way Jesus knows he will in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yet, not as I will, but as you will + +This can be expressed as a full sentence. AT: "But do not do what I want, but do what you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# he said to Peter, "What, could you not watch + +Jesus is speaking to Peter, but the "you" is plural referring to Peter, James, and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# What, could you not watch with me for one hour? + +Jesus uses a question to scold Peter, James, and John. AT: "I am disappointed that you could not stay awake with me for one hour!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you do not enter into temptation + +Here the abstract noun "temptation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "no one tempts you to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak + +Here "spirit" is a metonym that stands for a person's desires. And, "flesh" refers to a human as a whole. Jesus means they may have the desire to do what God wants, but as humans they are weak and will fail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/42.md b/mat/26/42.md index 94a7c2569d..168a195748 100644 --- a/mat/26/42.md +++ b/mat/26/42.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# He went away -* [[en:tw:pray]] +"Jesus went away" -## translationNotes +# a second time ... third time -* This continues the account of Jesus praying in the garden of Gethsemane. -* **He went away** - "Jesus went away" -* **unless I drink it** - "unless I drink this cup of suffering" -* **their eyes were heavy** - "they were very sleepy" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# My Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# if this cannot pass away unless I drink it + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "if I must drink it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# if this + +Here "this" refers to the cup and the contents within it. (See: [Matthew 26:39](./39.md)) + +# unless I drink it + +"unless I drink from it" or "unless I drink from this cup of suffering" + +# your will be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may what you want happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their eyes were heavy + +This is an idiom. AT: "they were very sleepy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/45.md b/mat/26/45.md index 9223974ac6..e7896e35af 100644 --- a/mat/26/45.md +++ b/mat/26/45.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Are you still sleeping and taking your rest? -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus uses a question to scold the disciples for going to sleep. AT: "I am disappointed that you are still sleeping and resting!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the hour is at hand -* This continues the account of Jesus praying in the garden of Gethsemane. -* **the hour is at hand** - "the time has come" -* **the hands of sinners** - "sinful people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Look** - "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." +This is an idiom. AT: "the time has come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the Son of Man is being betrayed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone is betraying the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# into the hands of sinners + +Here "hands" refers to power or control. AT: "and is handing him over to the power of sinners" or "and is giving him over to sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Look + +"Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/47.md b/mat/26/47.md index b556f3105d..c63b128a8a 100644 --- a/mat/26/47.md +++ b/mat/26/47.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +This begins the account of when Judas betrayed Jesus and the religious leaders arrested him. -## translationNotes +# While he was still speaking -* This continues the account of Jesus praying in the garden of Gethsemane. -* **While he was still speaking ** - "While Jesus was still speaking" -* **saying, "Whomever I kiss, he is the one. Seize him."** - "saying that whomever he kissed was the one they should seize." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **Whomever I kiss** - "The one I will kiss" or "The man whom I will kiss" (UDB) -* **kiss ** - a respectful way to greet one's teacher +"While Jesus was still speaking" + +# clubs + +large pieces of hard wood for hitting people + +# Now ... Seize him + +Here "Now" is used to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew tells background information about Judas and the signal he planned to use to betray Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# saying, "Whomever I kiss, he is the one. Seize him." + +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "saying that whomever he kissed was the one they should seize" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Whomever I kiss + +"The one I will kiss" or "The man whom I will kiss" + +# kiss + +This was a respectful way to greet one's teacher. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/49.md b/mat/26/49.md index b665b8ccdc..04a46b0717 100644 --- a/mat/26/49.md +++ b/mat/26/49.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he came up to Jesus -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] +"Judas came up to Jesus" -## translationNotes +# kissed him -* This begins the account of the arrest of Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane. -* **he came up to Jesus ** - "Judas came up to Jesus" -* **kissed him ** - "met him with a kiss" -* **laid hands on Jesus** - took hold of Jesus planning to harm him (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **seized him** - made him a prisoner +"met him with a kiss" + +# Then they came + +Here "they" refers to the people with clubs and swords that came with Judas and the religious leaders. + +# laid hands on Jesus, and seized him + +"grabbed Jesus and arrested him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/51.md b/mat/26/51.md index 293960031b..6b10c9e2e9 100644 --- a/mat/26/51.md +++ b/mat/26/51.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Behold -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# who take up the sword -* This continues the account of the arrest of Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane. -* **Behold** - The writer is bringing a new person into the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **Do you think that I could not call upon my Father, and he would send me more than twelve legions of angels?** - AT: "You should know that I could call upon my Father, and he would send me more than twelve legions of angels." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **more than twelve legions of angels ** - The exact number of angels is not important. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **legions** - divisions of the Roman army of about six thousand soldiers (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +The implied information can be stated explicitly. AT: "who pick up a sword to kill others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will perish by the sword + +"will die by means of the sword" or "it is with the sword that someone will kill them" + +# Do you think that I could not call ... angels? + +Jesus uses a question to remind the person with the sword that Jesus could stop those who are arresting him. AT: "Surely you know that I could call ... angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you think + +Here "you" is singular and refers to the person with the sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# more than twelve legions of angels + +The word "legion" is a military term that refers to a group of about 6,000 soldiers. Jesus means God would send enough angels to easily stop those who are arresting Jesus. The exact number of angels is not important. AT: "more than 12 really large groups of angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# But how then would the scriptures be fulfilled, that this must happen? + +Jesus uses a question to explain why he is letting these people arrest him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But if I did that, I would not be able to fulfill what God said in the scriptures must happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/55.md b/mat/26/55.md index 8767359855..6a834604d0 100644 --- a/mat/26/55.md +++ b/mat/26/55.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Have you come out with swords and clubs to seize me like a robber? -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Jesus is using this question to point out the wrong actions of those arresting him. AT: "You know that I am not a robber, so it is wrong for you to come out to me bringing swords and clubs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# clubs -* This continues the account of the arrest of Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane. -* **Have you come out with swords and clubs to seize me like a robber?** - AT: "You know that I am not a robber, so it is wrong for you to come out to me bringing swords and clubs." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **clubs** - large pieces of hard wood for hitting people -* **left him** - If your language has a word that means that they left him when they should have stayed with him, use it here. +large pieces of hard wood for hitting people + +# in the temple + +It is implied that Jesus was not in the actual temple. He was in the courtyard around the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the writings of the prophets might be fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I would fulfill all that the prophets wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# left him + +If your language has a word that means they left him when they should have stayed with him, use it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/57.md b/mat/26/57.md index 6455a0476f..6794e49510 100644 --- a/mat/26/57.md +++ b/mat/26/57.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caiaphas]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +This begins the account of Jesus' trial before the council of Jewish religious leaders. -## translationNotes +# Peter followed him -* This begins the account of Jesus being questioned by the high priest. -* **courtyard of the high priest** - an open area near the high priest's house +"Peter followed Jesus" + +# courtyard of the high priest + +an open area near the high priest's house + +# He went inside + +"Peter went inside" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/59.md b/mat/26/59.md index cadbd68eef..4b399b7400 100644 --- a/mat/26/59.md +++ b/mat/26/59.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# so that they -* This continues the account of Jesus being questioned by the high priest. -* **two came forward ** - "two men came forward" (UDB) or "two witnesses came forward" -* **said, "This man said, 'I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.'"** - AT: "testified that they heard Jesus say he was able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **This man said ** - "This man Jesus said" +Here "they" refers to the chief priests and the members of the council. + +# might put him to death + +"might have a reason to execute him" + +# two came forward + +"two men came forward" or "two witnesses came forward" + +# This man said, 'I am able to destroy ... days.' + +If your language does not allow quotes within quotes you can rewrite it as a single quote. AT: "This man said that he is able to destroy ... days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# This man said + +"This man Jesus said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/62.md b/mat/26/62.md index e19ac6b85a..39fc2864d1 100644 --- a/mat/26/62.md +++ b/mat/26/62.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# What is it that they are testifying against you? -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +The chief priest is not asking Jesus for information about what the witnesses said. He is asking Jesus to prove what the witnesses said is wrong. AT: "What is your response to what the witnesses are testifying against you?" -## translationNotes +# Son of God -* This continues the account of Jesus being questioned by the high priest. -* **they are testifying against you ** - "these witnesses are testifying against you" -* **tell us whether you are the Christ ** - "tell us if you are the Christ" -* **You have said it yourself** - "As you have said, I am" or "You have just admitted it" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **but I tell you, from now on you ** - Jesus is speaking to the high priest and to the other persons there. -* **from now on you will see the Son of Man** - Possible meanings: 1) they will see the Son of Man at some time in the future (see UDB) or 2) by "now" Jesus means the time of his death, his coming back from the dead, and his going up to heaven. -* **at the right hand of Power** - "at the right hand of Almighty God" -* **coming on the clouds of heaven** - "riding to earth on the clouds of heaven" +This is an important title that describes the relationship between the Christ and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the living God + +Here "living" contrasts the God of Israel to all the false gods and idols that people worshiped. Only the God of Israel is alive and has power to act. See how you translated this in [Matthew 16:16](../16/13.md). + +# You have said it yourself + +This is an idiom that Jesus uses to mean "yes" without being completely clear about what he means. AT: "You are saying it" or "You are admitting it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But I tell you, from now on you + +Here "you" is plural. Jesus is speaking to the high priest and to the other persons there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# from now on you will see the Son of Man + +Possible meanings are 1) the phrase "from now on" is an idiom that means they will see the Son of Man in his power at some time in the future or 2) the phrase "from now on" means that from the time of Jesus' trial and onward, Jesus is showing himself to be the Messiah who is powerful and victorious. + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# at the right hand of Power + +Here "Power" refers to God. AT: "at the right hand of Almighty God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# coming on the clouds of heaven + +"riding to earth on the clouds of heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/65.md b/mat/26/65.md index d64ada7b7c..741cacbbd4 100644 --- a/mat/26/65.md +++ b/mat/26/65.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the high priest tore his clothes -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Tearing clothing was a sign of anger and sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# He has spoken blasphemy -* This continues the account of Jesus being questioned by the high priest. -* **the high priest tore his clothes** - Tearing clothing was a sign of anger sadness. -* **They answered** - "The Jewish leaders answered" +By calling this blasphemy, it is implied that the high priest understood that Jesus was claiming to be equal with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Why do we still need witnesses? + +The high priest uses this question to emphasize that he and the members of the council do not need to hear from any more witnesses. AT: "We do not need to hear from any more witnesses!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# now you have heard + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the members of the council. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/67.md b/mat/26/67.md index 31933c3a7f..ab768d6d85 100644 --- a/mat/26/67.md +++ b/mat/26/67.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then they -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Possible meanings are 1) "Then some of the men" or 2) "Then the soldiers." -## translationNotes +# spit in his face -* This continues the account of Jesus being questioned by the high priest. -* **Then they** - Possible meanings: "Then some of the men" or "Then the soldiers" -* **spat in his face** - as an insult +This was done as an insult. + +# Prophesy to us + +Here "Prophesy to us" means to tell by means of God's power. It does not mean to tell what will happen in the future. + +# you Christ + +Those hitting Jesus do not really think he is the Christ. They call him this to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/69.md b/mat/26/69.md index 25a936ef87..fa82ad5d03 100644 --- a/mat/26/69.md +++ b/mat/26/69.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This begins the account of how Peter denies three times that he knows Jesus, as Jesus said he would do. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This begins the account of how Peter denies he knows Jesus. -* **I do not know what you are talking about** - Peter was able to understand what the servant girl was saying. He used these words to deny that he had been with Jesus. +These events happen at the same time as Jesus' trial before the religious leaders. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# I do not know what you are talking about + +Peter was able to understand what the servant girl was saying. He used these words to deny that he had been with Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/71.md b/mat/26/71.md index 9aecba6366..17a307c8be 100644 --- a/mat/26/71.md +++ b/mat/26/71.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When he went out -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +"When Peter went out" -## translationNotes +# gateway -* This continues the account of how Peter denies he knows Jesus. -* **When he** - "When Peter" -* **gateway** - opening in the wall around a courtyard +opening in the wall around a courtyard + +# said to those there + +"said to the people who were sitting there" + +# He again denied it with an oath, "I do not know the man!" + +"he denied it again by swearing, 'I do not know the man!'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/73.md b/mat/26/73.md index e66530189b..5144fc92e5 100644 --- a/mat/26/73.md +++ b/mat/26/73.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# one of them -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +"one of those who were with Jesus" -## translationNotes +# for the way you speak gives you away -* This continues the account of how Peter denies he knows Jesus. -* **one of them ** - "one of those who were with Jesus" -* **for your accent gives you away ** - "we can tell you are from Galilee because you speak like a Galilean" -* **curse ** - "call down a curse on himself" -* **swear, "I do not know the man,"** - AT: "that he did not know the man," (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "We can tell you are from Galilee because you speak like a Galilean" + +# to curse + +"to call down a curse on himself" + +# rooster crowed + +A rooster is a bird that calls out loudly around the time the sun comes up. The sound a rooster makes is called "crowing." See how you translated this in [Matthew 26:34](./33.md). + +# Peter remembered the words that Jesus had said, "Before the rooster crows you will deny me three times." + +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Peter remembered that Jesus told him that before the rooster crowed, he would deny Jesus three times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/intro.md b/mat/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d40aa6be7 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Matthew 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of verse 31, which present quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sheep ##### +This is a common image used in Scripture to refer to the people of Israel. In [Matthew 26:31](./30.md), however, "the sheep" refers to Jesus' disciples, who ran away when he was arrested. + +##### Passover ##### +Jesus' death occurs in connection with the Passover Festival because he is the fulfillment of the Passover lamb. It is his sacrificial death that frees us from God's condemnation. + +##### The eating of the body and blood ##### +This ceremony, often called "The Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist" or "Holy Communion," is practiced in nearly all churches to this day in remembrance of Christ's sacrifice for the sins of humanity. It is done in obedience to Jesus' instructions to his disciples in [Matthew 26:26-28](./26.md). + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Shame and cowardice ##### +Throughout this chapter, the actions of the Jewish leaders are shameful and cowardly. The were afraid of the people whom they were to lead. The subtleness of their shameful and cowardly actions may be difficult to express in translation. + +##### Judas' kiss for Jesus ##### +Judas is recorded in [Matthew 26:49](./49.md) as kissing Jesus in order to signal to the soldiers which man to arrest. Among the Jews, kissing was a common way to greet someone. They had different kinds of kisses for people of different levels of status. Since Jesus' was Judas' teacher, Judas probably kissed his hand as a sign of respect and submission. + +##### "Destroy the temple of God" ##### +In [Matthew 26:61](./59.md), two men accuse Jesus of wishing for the temple in Jerusalem to be destroyed so he can rebuild it "in three days." They were probably accusing Jesus of insulting the temple and therefore, indirectly, of insulting God. Matthew does not actually record Jesus as saying this, but John [John 2:19](../../jhn/02/17.md) does. + +The expression "in three days" should be understood in the Jewish way as, "within three days," not "after three days." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/01.md b/mat/27/01.md index 960f79d4e9..70cc0a2177 100644 --- a/mat/27/01.md +++ b/mat/27/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +This begins the account of Jesus' trial before Pilate. -## translationNotes +# Now -* This begins the account of the trials and death of Jesus. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# plotted against Jesus to put him to death + +The Jewish leaders were planning how they could convince the Roman leaders to kill Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# delivered him + +"gave him over" or "took him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/03.md b/mat/27/03.md index 56c17e2715..55dfa669e7 100644 --- a/mat/27/03.md +++ b/mat/27/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The author has stopped telling the story of Jesus' trial so he can tell the story of how Judas killed himself. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* [[:en:bible:notes:mat:27:09]]). -* **Then when Judas** - If your language has a way of showing that the story is breaking off and a new story is starting, you may want to use that here. -* **the thirty pieces of silver** - the money that the chief priests had given Judas to betray Jesus ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:26:14]]) -* **innocent blood** - "a person who does not deserve to die" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This event happened after Jesus' trial in front of the council of Jewish religious leaders, but we do not know if it happened before or during Jesus' trial before Pilate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# Then when Judas + +If your language has a way of showing that a new story is starting, you may want to use that here. + +# that Jesus had been condemned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the Jewish leaders had condemned Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the thirty pieces of silver + +This was the money that the chief priests had given Judas to betray Jesus. See how you translated it in [Matthew 26:15](../26/14.md). + +# innocent blood + +This is an idiom that refers to the death of an innocent person. AT: "a person who does not deserve to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# What is that to us? + +The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that they do not care about what Judas said. AT: "That is not our problem!" or "That is your problem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# threw down the pieces of silver in the temple + +Possible meanings are 1) he threw the pieces of silver while in the temple courtyard, or 2) he was standing in the temple courtyard, and he threw the pieces of silver into the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/06.md b/mat/27/06.md index f9d1dd96d3..4bdf8d9fa1 100644 --- a/mat/27/06.md +++ b/mat/27/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It is not lawful to put this -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"Our laws do not allow us to put this" -## translationNotes +# put this -* This continues the account of how Judas killed himself. -* **It is not lawful to put this ** - "Our laws do not allow us to put this" -* **put this** - "put this silver" -* **price of blood** - money paid for a man to die (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and UDB) -* **Potter's Field** - This was a field that was bought to bury strangers who died in Jerusalem. (See UDB) -* **to this day** - until the time at which the writer wrote +"put this silver" + +# the treasury + +This is the place they kept the money they used to provide for things needed for the temple and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# price of blood + +This is an idiom that means money paid to a person who helped kill someone. AT: "money paid for a man to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# potter's field + +This was a field that was bought to bury strangers who died in Jerusalem. + +# that field has been called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people call that field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to this day + +This means to the time that Matthew is writing this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/09.md b/mat/27/09.md index df49a642fc..9194c324ae 100644 --- a/mat/27/09.md +++ b/mat/27/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +The author quotes Old Testament scripture to show that Judas' suicide was a fulfillment of prophecy. -## translationNotes +# Then that which had been spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled -* This continues the account of how Judas killed himself. -* **Then that which had been spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled, saying** - "The prophet Jeremiah spoke this prophecy, and it had come true; he had said" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **people of Israel ** - the Israelite religious leaders (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **directed me** - directed "Jeremiah the prophet" (27:9) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This fulfilled what the prophet Jeremiah spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the price set on him by the people of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the price the people of Israel set on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the people of Israel + +This refers to those among the people of Israel who paid to kill Jesus. AT: "some of the people of Israel" or "the leaders of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# directed me + +Here "me" refers to Jeremiah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/11.md b/mat/27/11.md index 88282f2854..164c5379ed 100644 --- a/mat/27/11.md +++ b/mat/27/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +This continues the story of Jesus' trial before Pilate, which began in [Matthew 27:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# Now -* This continues the story of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor from [[:en:bible:notes:mat:27:01]]. -* **Now** - If your language has a way of continuing a story after a break, you may want to use it here. -* **the governor ** - Pilate ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:27:01]]) -* **You say so** - "You are admitting it" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **But when he was accused by the chief priests and elders** - AT: "But when the chief priests and elders accused him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Do you not hear all the charges against you?** - "I am surprised that you do not answer these people who accuse you of doing bad things!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **one word, so that the governor was greatly amazed ** - AT: "one word; this greatly amazed the governor." +If your language has a way of continuing a story after a break from the main storyline, you may want to use it here. + +# the governor + +"Pilate" + +# You say so + +Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. AT: "Yes, as you said, I am" or "Yes. It is as you said" or 2) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. AT: "You yourself have said so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But when he was accused by the chief priests and elders + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But when the chief priests and elders accused him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do you not hear all the charges against you? + +Pilate asks this question because he is surprised that Jesus remains silent. AT: "I am surprised that you do not answer these people who accuse you of doing bad things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# one word, so that the governor was greatly amazed + +"one word; this greatly amazed the governor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/15.md b/mat/27/15.md index a8a7c95146..c8c36e249a 100644 --- a/mat/27/15.md +++ b/mat/27/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:barabbas]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline so the writer can give information to help the reader understand what happens beginning in [Matthew 27:17](./17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# the feast -* This continues the account of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor. -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line so the writer can give information to help the reader understand what happens beginning in [[:en:bible:notes:mat:27:17]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **the feast** - the feast during which the Passover ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:26:01]]) was celebrated -* **prisoner chosen by the crowd** - AT: "prisoner whom the crowd had chosen" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **notorious** - well known for doing something bad +This is the feast for the Passover celebration. + +# prisoner chosen by the crowd + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "prisoner whom the crowd would choose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they had a notorious prisoner + +"there was a notorious prisoner" + +# notorious + +well known for doing something bad \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/17.md b/mat/27/17.md index 83b1862f74..e4ff95bdd5 100644 --- a/mat/27/17.md +++ b/mat/27/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# they were gathered -* [[en:tw:barabbas]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the crowd gathered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Jesus who is called Christ -* This continues the account of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor. -* **had handed him over** - "had brought Jesus to him" so Pilate would judge Jesus -* **While he was sitting** - "While Pilate was sitting" -* **sitting on the judgment seat** - doing his duty as an official (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **sent word** - "sent a message" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom some people call the Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they had handed Jesus over to him + +the Jewish leaders had brought Jesus to him." They had done this so that Pilate would judge Jesus. + +# While he was sitting + +"While Pilate was sitting" + +# sitting on the judgment seat + +"sitting on the judge's seat." This is where a judge would sit while making a decision. + +# sent word + +Here "word" refers to a message. AT: "sent a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have suffered much today + +"I have been very upset today" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/20.md b/mat/27/20.md index b3c144bb44..5c88180598 100644 --- a/mat/27/20.md +++ b/mat/27/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now ... Jesus killed -* [[en:tw:barabbas]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] +Here "now" is used to mark a break in the main storyline. Matthew tells background information about why the crowd chose Barabbas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# have Jesus killed -* This continues the account of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor. -* **asked them** - "asked the crowd" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "have the Roman soldiers kill Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# asked them + +"asked the crowd" + +# who is called Christ + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom some people call the Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/23.md b/mat/27/23.md index c423b54b48..450f468563 100644 --- a/mat/27/23.md +++ b/mat/27/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# has he done -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:criminal]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +"has Jesus done" -## translationNotes +# they cried out -* This continues the account of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor. -* **has he done ** - "has Jesus done" -* **they cried out** - "the crowd cried out" -* **the blood** - "the death" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"the crowd cried out" + +# washed his hands in front of the crowd + +Pilate does this as a sign that he is not responsible for Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the blood + +Here "blood" refers to a person's death. AT: "the death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# See to it yourselves + +"This is your responsibility" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/25.md b/mat/27/25.md index 12d66df66d..00d4a5a1c9 100644 --- a/mat/27/25.md +++ b/mat/27/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# May his blood be on us and our children -* [[en:tw:barabbas]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] +Here "blood" is a metonym that stands for a person's death. The phrase "be on us and our children" is an idiom that means they accept the responsibility of what is happening. AT: "Yes! We and our descendants will be responsible for executing him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Then he released Barabbas to them -* This continues the account of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor. -* **May his blood be on us and our children!** - "Yes! We and our descendants will gladly be responsible for executing him!" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Then Pilate released Barabbas to the crowd" + +# he scourged Jesus + +It is implied that Pilate's soldiers scourged Jesus. AT: "Pilate's soldiers scourged Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# scourged + +to beat a person with a whip + +# handed him over to be crucified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and Pilate ordered his soldiers to crucify Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/27.md b/mat/27/27.md index d28051ed4b..9839ebbaab 100644 --- a/mat/27/27.md +++ b/mat/27/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +This begins the account of Jesus' crucifixion and death. -## translationNotes +# company of soldiers -* This begins the account of the Roman soldiers mocking Jesus. -* **the Praetorium** - Possible meanings: 1) where the soldiers lived (see UDB) or 2) where the governor lived -* **stripped him** - "pulled off his clothes" -* **scarlet** - bright red -* **Hail** - "We honor you" or "May you live a long time" +"group of soldiers" + +# stripped him + +"pulled off his clothes" + +# scarlet + +bright red + +# a crown of thorns + +"a crown made of thorny branches" or "a crown made of branches with thorns on them" + +# a staff in his right hand + +They gave Jesus a stick to hold to represent a scepter that a king holds. They did this to mock Jesus. + +# Hail, King of the Jews + +They were saying this to mock Jesus. They were calling Jesus "King of the Jews," but they did not really believe he was a king. And yet what they were saying was true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Hail + +"We honor you" or "May you live a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/30.md b/mat/27/30.md index d83e0b0089..cc98da1391 100644 --- a/mat/27/30.md +++ b/mat/27/30.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They spat on him -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the account of the Roman soldiers mocking Jesus. -* **they ... they ... they** - Pilate's soldiers -* **him ... him ... him ... him ... his ... him ... him ... him** - Jesus +"using their spit, the soldiers spat on Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/32.md b/mat/27/32.md index 2e4bc2ed28..f07991361e 100644 --- a/mat/27/32.md +++ b/mat/27/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# As they came out -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:cyrene]] -* [[en:tw:golgotha]] -* [[en:tw:skull]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This means Jesus and the soldiers came out of the city. AT: "As they came out of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they found a man -* This begins the account of when Jesus was crucified. -* **As they came out** - "As they came out of Jerusalem" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **whom they forced to go with them so that he might carry his cross** - "whom the soldiers forced to go with them so that he could carry Jesus' cross" -* **place called Golgotha** - "place that people called Golgotha" -* **gall** - the bitter yellow liquid that bodies use in digestion +"the soldiers saw a man" + +# whom they forced to go with them so that he might carry his cross + +"whom the soldiers forced to go with them so that he could carry Jesus' cross" + +# place called Golgotha + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "place that people called Golgotha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# him wine to drink mixed with gall + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "him wine, which they had mixed with gall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gall + +the bitter, yellow liquid that bodies use in digestion \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/35.md b/mat/27/35.md index 0ee59aab6b..ee7ae32f7e 100644 --- a/mat/27/35.md +++ b/mat/27/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# garments -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] +This is the clothing Jesus had been wearing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they put the charge against -* This continues the account of when Jesus was crucified and died. -* **garments** - the clothing Jesus had been wearing (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here "the charge" refers to a sign on which someone had written the reason they were crucifying Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/38.md b/mat/27/38.md index f500e4eaab..9b7f1c522b 100644 --- a/mat/27/38.md +++ b/mat/27/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Two robbers were crucified with him -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers crucified two robbers with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# shaking their heads -* This continues the account of the crucifixion and death of Jesus. -* **Two robbers were crucified with him** - AT: "The soldiers crucified two robbers with Jesus" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **shaking their heads** - to make fun of Jesus +They did this to make fun of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross + +They did not believe that Jesus is the Son of God, so they wanted him to prove it if it was true. AT: "If you are the Son of God, prove it by coming down from the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Son of God + +This is an important title that describes the relationship between the Christ and the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/41.md b/mat/27/41.md index a324a7fc10..3fbf635654 100644 --- a/mat/27/41.md +++ b/mat/27/41.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He saved others, but he cannot save himself -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +Possible meanings are 1) the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus saved others or that he can save himself, or 2) they believe he did save others but are laughing at him because now he cannot save himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# He is the King of Israel -* This continues the account of the crucifixion and death of Jesus. -* **He saved others, but he cannot save himself** - Possible meanings: 1) The Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus saved others (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]] and UDB) or that he can save himself, or 2) they believe he did save others but are laughing at him because now he cannot save himself. -* **He is the King of Israel** - The leaders do not believe Jesus is the King of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +The leaders are mocking Jesus. They call him "King of Israel," but they do not really believe he is king. AT: "He says that he is the King of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/43.md b/mat/27/43.md index 10061974d3..d1b3e39699 100644 --- a/mat/27/43.md +++ b/mat/27/43.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +The Jewish leaders continue mocking Jesus. -## translationNotes +# For he even said, 'I am the Son of God.' -* This continues the account of the crucifixion and death of Jesus. -* **And the robbers who were crucified with him** - "And the robbers that the soldiers had crucified with Jesus" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "because Jesus said that he is the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the robbers who were crucified with him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the robbers that the soldiers had crucified with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/45.md b/mat/27/45.md index 69ddfb2668..c0be550a24 100644 --- a/mat/27/45.md +++ b/mat/27/45.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# from the sixth hour ... until the ninth hour -* This continues the account of the crucifixion and death of Jesus. -* **cried** - "called out" or "shouted" -* **Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani** - Translators usually leave these words in their native Hebrew. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"from about noon ... for three hours" or "from about twelve o'clock midday ... until about three o'clock in the afternoon" + +# darkness came over the whole land + +The word "darkness" is an abstract noun. AT: "it became dark over the whole land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Jesus cried + +"Jesus called out" or "Jesus shouted" + +# Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani + +These words are what Jesus cried out in his own language. Translators usually leave these words as is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/48.md b/mat/27/48.md index a6c5b8b806..4f67b086c6 100644 --- a/mat/27/48.md +++ b/mat/27/48.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# one of them -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:reed]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Possible meanings are 1) one of the soldiers or 2) one of those who stood by and watched. -## translationNotes +# sponge -* This continues the account of the crucifixion and death of Jesus. -* **one of them** - Possible meanings: 1) one of the soldiers or 2) one of those who stood by and watched -* **sponge** - sea animal harvested and used to take up and hold liquids that can later be pushed out -* **gave it to him** - "gave it to Jesus" +This is a sea animal that is harvested and used to take up and hold liquids. These liquids can later be pushed out. + +# gave it to him + +"gave it to Jesus" + +# gave up his spirit + +Here "spirit" refers to that which gives life to a person. This phrase is a way of saying that Jesus died. AT: "he died, giving his spirit over to God" or "he breathed his last breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/51.md b/mat/27/51.md index a03eb9c91c..0444ee073f 100644 --- a/mat/27/51.md +++ b/mat/27/51.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:holycity]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This begins the account of the events that happened when Jesus died. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* This begins the account of the events that happened when Jesus died. -* **Behold** - The writer is telling the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -* **The tombs were opened, and the bodies of many saints who had fallen asleep were raised** - "God opened the tombs and raised the bodies of many saints that had died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fallen asleep** - "died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **The tombs were opened … appeared to many** - The order of events is unclear. Possible orders: After the earthquake when Jesus died and the tombs were opened 1) the saints were raised, Jesus was resurrected, and the saints entered the city and were seen by many people, or 2) Jesus was resurrected, and the saints were raised, entered the city, and were seen by many people. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# the curtain of the temple was split in two + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the curtain of the temple tore in two" or "God caused the curtain of the temple to tear in two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The tombs were opened, and the bodies of many godly people who had fallen asleep were raised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God opened the tombs and raised the bodies of many godly people who had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fallen asleep + +This is a polite way of referring to dying. AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# The tombs were opened ... appeared to many + +The order of events is unclear. After the earthquake when Jesus died and the tombs were opened 1) the holy people came back to life, then after Jesus came back to life, the holy people entered Jerusalem where many people saw them, or 2) Jesus came back to life, then the holy ones came back to life and entered the city where many people saw them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/54.md b/mat/27/54.md index a6cca3d355..43c3f4b031 100644 --- a/mat/27/54.md +++ b/mat/27/54.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:zebedee]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# those who were watching Jesus -* This continues the account of the miraculous events that happened when Jesus died. +"the other soldiers who were watching Jesus" + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the mother of the sons of Zebedee + +"the mother of James and John" or "the wife of Zebedee" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/57.md b/mat/27/57.md index d8fa82859d..8f640769f1 100644 --- a/mat/27/57.md +++ b/mat/27/57.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +This begins the account of Jesus' burial. -## translationNotes +# Arimathea -* This begins the account of the burial of Jesus. -* **Then Pilate ordered it to be given to him.** - "Then Pilate ordered the soldiers to give the body of Jesus to Joseph." +This is the name of a city in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Then Pilate ordered it to be given to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then Pilate ordered the soldiers to give the body of Jesus to Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/59.md b/mat/27/59.md index 89de2bcded..4dc7a0e0f1 100644 --- a/mat/27/59.md +++ b/mat/27/59.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# linen -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +a fine, costly cloth -## translationNotes +# that he had cut into the rock -* This continues the account of the burial of Jesus. -* **linen** - a fine cloth that cost much to buy -* **opposite the tomb** - "across from the tomb" +It is implied that Joseph had workers who cut the tomb into the rock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then he rolled a large stone + +Most likely Joseph had other people there to help him roll the stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# opposite the tomb + +"across from the tomb" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/62.md b/mat/27/62.md index dc920f0e32..26db89ba82 100644 --- a/mat/27/62.md +++ b/mat/27/62.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# the Preparation -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This is the day that people got everything ready for the Sabbath. -## translationNotes +# were gathered together with Pilate -* This continues the account of the events after the burial of Jesus. -* **the Preparation** - the day to get ready for the Passover -* **when that deceiver was alive** - "when Jesus, the deceiver, was alive" +"met with Pilate" + +# when that deceiver was alive + +"when Jesus, the deceiver, was alive" + +# he said, 'After three days will I rise again.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "he said that after three days he will rise again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# command that the tomb be made secure + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "command your soldiers to guard the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the third day + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# steal him + +"steal his body" + +# say to the people, 'He has risen from the dead ones,' and the last + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "tell the people that he has risen from the dead and the last" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# and the last deception will be worse than the first + +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "if they deceive people by saying that, it will be worse than the way he deceived people before by saying that he was the Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/65.md b/mat/27/65.md index 3aad39bcdc..56874d28b1 100644 --- a/mat/27/65.md +++ b/mat/27/65.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a guard -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This consisted of four to sixteen Roman soldiers. -## translationNotes +# sealing the stone -* This continues the account of the events after the burial of Jesus. -* **a guard** - 4 to 16 Roman soldiers -* **sealing the stone** - Possible meanings: 1) they put a cord around the stone and attached it to the rock wall on either side of the entrance to the tomb (see UDB) or 2) they put seals between the stone and the wall. -* **placing the guard** - "telling the soldiers to stand where they could keep people from touching the tomb" +Possible meanings are 1) they put a cord around the stone and attached it to the rock wall on either side of the entrance to the tomb or 2) they put seals between the stone and the wall. + +# placing the guard + +"telling the soldiers to stand where they could keep people from tampering with the tomb" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/intro.md b/mat/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a23f260926 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Matthew 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Delivered him to Pilate the governor" ##### +The Jews were under the rule of the Roman Empire, and the Romans did not allow them to execute any criminal without first obtaining permission. So the Jewish leaders had to ask Pontius Pilate to confirm their sentence on Jesus. Pilate tried to avoid confirming their decision. He tried to make the Jewish leaders choose between freeing Jesus or a very bad prisoner named Barabbas. + +##### Tomb ##### +The tomb in which Jesus was buried (see: [Matthew 27:59-60](./59.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish people were buried. It consisted of an actual room hollowed out of rock, in which bodies were wrapped and placed on rocky ledges provided along the walls. Later on, when the bodies had decomposed to bare bones, those bones were collected and put into special jars called ossuaries. These tombs were closed by a single large rock large enough to seal off the entrance. This rock was either rolled into place or slid into place at the tomb entrance. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Hail, King of the Jews!" ##### +This phrase, found in [Matthew 27:29](./27.md), is an example of irony. In this figure of speech, something is said in order to signal something else, often its opposite sense. The expression "Hail" was a greeting for people used on very formal occasions, often in front of kings and queens. However, the soldiers mocking Jesus did not wish to honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/01.md b/mat/28/01.md index efcccf81fe..a986e54183 100644 --- a/mat/28/01.md +++ b/mat/28/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This begins the account of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. -## translationNotes +# Now late on the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week -* This begins the account of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. -* **Now late on the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week** - "After the Sabbath ended, as the sun came up on Sunday morning" -* **the other Mary** - "the other woman named Mary," Mary the mother of James and Joseph ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:27:54]]) -* **Behold** - The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended ... and rolled away the stone** - Possible meanings: 1) the earthquake happened because the angel came down and rolled away the stone (ULB) or 2) all these events happened at the same time (UDB). -* **earthquake ** - a sudden and violent shaking of the ground +"After the Sabbath ended, as the sun came up on Sunday morning" + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# the other Mary + +"the other woman named Mary." This is Mary the mother of James and Joseph. (See: [Matthew 27:56](../27/54.md)) + +# Behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended ... and rolled away the stone + +Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake happened because the angel came down and rolled away the stone or 2) all these events happened at the same time . + +# earthquake + +a sudden and violent shaking of the ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/03.md b/mat/28/03.md index 60d888dd84..16e34467c1 100644 --- a/mat/28/03.md +++ b/mat/28/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# His appearance -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:snow]] +"The angel's appearance" -## translationNotes +# was like lightning -* This continues the account of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. -* **His appearance ** - "The angel's appearance" -* **was like lightning** - "was bright like lightning" -* **white as snow** - "extremely bright" -* **like dead men** - "unable to move" +This is a simile that emphasizes how bright in appearance the angel was. AT: "was bright like lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# his clothing as white as snow + +This is a simile that emphasizes how bright and white the angel's clothes were. AT: "his clothing was very white like snow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# became like dead men + +This is a simile that means the soldiers fell down and did not move. AT: "fell to the ground and lay there like dead men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/05.md b/mat/28/05.md index dd0e09fcd7..9bdac30fea 100644 --- a/mat/28/05.md +++ b/mat/28/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the women -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +"Mary Magdalene and the other woman named Mary" -## translationNotes +# who has been crucified -* This continues the account of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. -* **the women** - "Mary Magdalene and the other woman named Mary" -* **who has been crucified** - "whom the people and the soldiers crucified" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but is risen** - "but God has raised him" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the people and the soldiers crucified" or "whom they crucified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tell his disciples, 'He has risen from the dead ones. See, he is going ahead of you to Galilee. There you will see him.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "tell his disciples that he has risen from the dead and that Jesus has gone ahead of you to Galilee where you will see him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# He has risen from the dead ones + +The phrase "from the dead ones" refers to the place where the spirits of those who have died go. AT: "He has come back to life" + +# going ahead of you ... you will see him + +Here "you" is plural. It refers to the women and the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I have told you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/08.md b/mat/28/08.md index 493bf11e75..3708f1a2a5 100644 --- a/mat/28/08.md +++ b/mat/28/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The women -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:hail]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"Mary Magdalene and the other woman named Mary" -## translationNotes +# Behold -* This continues the account of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. -* **The women ** - "Mary Magdalene and the other woman named Mary" -* **Behold** - The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **took hold of his feet ** - "got down on their knees and held on to his feet" -* **my brothers ** - Jesus' disciples +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# Greetings + +This is an ordinary greeting, much like "Hello" in English. + +# took hold of his feet + +"got down on their knees and held onto his feet" + +# my brothers + +This refers to Jesus' disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/11.md b/mat/28/11.md index f256a80429..3323e5b42c 100644 --- a/mat/28/11.md +++ b/mat/28/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This begins the account of the reaction of the Jewish religious leaders when they heard of Jesus' resurrection. -## translationNotes +# Now -* This begins the account of the reaction of the authorities to the resurrection. -* **the women** - Mary Magdalene and the other Mary -* **behold** - This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story that involves different people than the events just described. Your language may have a way of doing this. -* **discussed with them** - "decided on a plan among themselves." The priests and elders decided to give the money to the soldiers. -* **Say to others, 'Jesus' disciples came ... while we were sleeping.'** - "Tell anyone who asks you that Jesus' disciples came ... while you were sleeping." +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# the women + +Here this refers to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary. + +# behold + +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# discussed the matter with them + +"decided on a plan among themselves." The priests and elders decided to give the money to the soldiers. + +# Say to others, 'Jesus' disciples came ... while we were sleeping.' + +If your language does not allow quotations within quotations you may translate this as a single quote. AT: "Tell others that Jesus' disciples came ... while you were sleeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/14.md b/mat/28/14.md index 9d7153d8d0..a388491004 100644 --- a/mat/28/14.md +++ b/mat/28/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# If this report reaches the governor -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:report]] +"If the governor hears that you were asleep when Jesus' disciples took his body" -## translationNotes +# the governor -* This continues what the authorities told the soldiers to do. -* **the governor** - Pilate ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:27:01]]) -* **did as they had been instructed** - "did what the priests had told them to do" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **today** - the time Matthew wrote the book +"Pilate" ([Matthew 27:2](../27/01.md)) + +# we will persuade him and take any worries away from you + +"do not worry. We will talk to him so that he does not punish you." + +# did as they had been instructed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "did what the priests had told them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This report spread widely among the Jews and continues even today + +"Many Jews heard this report and continue to tell others about it even today" + +# even today + +This refers to the time Matthew wrote the book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/16.md b/mat/28/16.md index e80b8ef652..cab6d38f10 100644 --- a/mat/28/16.md +++ b/mat/28/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This begins the account of Jesus meeting with his disciples after his resurrection. -## translationNotes +# they worshiped him, but some doubted -* This begins the account of Jesus meeting with his disciples after his resurrection. +Possible meanings are 1) they all worshiped Jesus even though some of them doubted, or 2) some of them worshiped Jesus, but others did not worship him because they doubted. + +# but some doubted + +It can be stated explicitly what the disciples doubted. AT: "some doubted that he was really Jesus and that he had become alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/18.md b/mat/28/18.md index 370671f18b..a2221425ea 100644 --- a/mat/28/18.md +++ b/mat/28/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# All authority has been given to me -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My Father has given me all authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# in heaven and on earth -* This continues the account of Jesus meeting with his disciples after his resurrection. -* **into the name** - "by the authority" +Here "heaven" and "earth" are used together to mean everyone and everything in heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# of all the nations + +Here "nations" refers to the people. AT: "of all the people in every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# into the name + +Here "name" refers to authority. AT: "by the authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/20.md b/mat/28/20.md index 45618bb8fd..62ba7b1168 100644 --- a/mat/28/20.md +++ b/mat/28/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"listen" or "pay attention" -## translationNotes +# even to the end of the world -* This continues the account of Jesus meeting with his disciples after his resurrection. -* **Teach them** - "Teach those you baptize" ([[:en:bible:notes:mat:28:18]]) -* **see** - AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"until the end of this age" or "until the end of the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/intro.md b/mat/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..78491c2020 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Matthew 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Make disciples" ##### +These two verses ([Matthew 28:19-20](./18.md)) are commonly known as "The Great Commission" because they contain a very important command given to all Christians. Christians are to "make disciples" by going to people, sharing the gospel with them and training them to live as Christians. + +=== Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter=== + +##### An angel of the Lord ##### +The gospel accounts differ as to how many men or angels appeared in this interaction. It is probably that the men were angels, but their number is unclear. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these passages. (See: [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md), [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md), and [John 20:1-2](../../jhn/20/01.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/front/intro.md b/mat/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c25a2aa258 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +# Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Matthew #### + +1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1––4:25) +1. Jesus' Sermon on the Mount (Chapters 5:1––7:28) +1. Jesus illustrates the kingdom of God through acts of healing (8:1––9:34) +1. Jesus' teaching about mission and the kingdom (9:35––10:42) +1. Jesus' teaching about the gospel of the kingdom of God. The rise of opposition to him (11:1––12:50) +1. Jesus' parables about the kingdom of God (13:1––52) +1. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53––17:57) +1. Jesus' teaching about life in the kingdom of God (18:1––35) +1. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1––22:46) +1. Jesus' teaching about the final judgment and salvation (23:1––25:46) +1. The crucifixion of Jesus, his death and resurrection (26:1––28:19) + +#### What is the book of Matthew about? #### + +The Gospel according to Matthew is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ, but focus especially on his work. The four Gospels emphasize different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. Matthew intended to show that Jesus was the Messiah, chosen by God to save Israel. It seems clear that Matthew had mainly Jewish readers in mind, when he explained to his readers that Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of Matthew," or "The Gospel according to Matthew." Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, for example, "The Good News about Jesus that Matthew wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Matthew? #### + +The book does not give the reader the name of the author. Since early Christian times, however, it has been generally believed that the author is Matthew, one of Jesus' disciples. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the "kingdom of heaven?" #### + +Matthew speaks of "the kingdom of heaven" in the same way that other gospel writers speak of the kingdom of God. This is the teaching that God will one day rule perfectly over all people and all creation everywhere. This means that everyone to whom the blessings of God's kingdom come will completely accept his rule and will perfectly love him. + +#### What were Jesus' teaching methods? #### + +Jesus came to be regarded as a rabbi, a teacher of God's law, by the people. He followed some standard methods of other religious teachers in Israel: he had students, called disciples; he also made up parables, fictional stories, in order to teach various principles. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why does Matthew often refer to Jesus as the "Son of Man"? #### + +Matthew shows Jesus as adopting this title for himself. It is a reference to Daniel 7:13––14, where a person described as "a son of man," that is, someone who looked like a human being, received authority from God to rule over the nations forever, and to be worshiped by all people forever. Besides being human, this person must also be God, because God would never allow someone other than himself to be worshiped. Because the Jews of Jesus' time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone, Jesus used it for himself to help them come to understand who he was truly was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +Translating the title "Son of Man" can be difficult in many languages. A literal translation might be easily misunderstood by readers. Translators can consider alternatives, such as "The Human One." An explanatory footnote might be useful also. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Matthew? #### + +The texts of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of more accurate manuscripts. The following are the most significant issues in Matthew: + +* "Bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you" (5:44) +* "For yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen" (6:13) +* "Many are called, but few are chosen" (20:16) +* "But this kind of demon does not go out except with prayer and fasting" (17:21) +* "For the Son of Man came to save that which was lost" (18:11) +* "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for you devour widows' houses, while you make a show of long prayers. You will therefore receive greater condemnation." (23:14) + +Translators are advised not to translate these passages. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region that have some of these verses, it is not wrong to translate them. If they are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to Matthew's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +#### What are the Synoptic Gospels? #### + +The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they share a large amount of textual material. However, the authors often used the same accounts and the same teachings of Jesus to emphasize different aspects of his life, ministry, and message. + +When the text is the same or almost the same among two or three gospels, it is said to be "parallel." When these parallel passages are translated, the wording in the project language should be kept the same as much as possible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/01.md b/mic/01/01.md index ef86666056..786724e548 100644 --- a/mic/01/01.md +++ b/mic/01/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:ahaz|Ahaz]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah|Hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jotham]] -* [[en:tw:jotham|Jotham]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:micah]] -* [[en:tw:micah|Micah]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +God speaks through Micah to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh that came -* **The Morashtite** - This means he is from Moresheth which is a town in Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah** - "when Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah" -* **the word that he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem** - AT: "the vision that he saw concerning the people of Samaria and Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This idiom is used to explain that a God gave a message to someone. AT: "the message that Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# the Morashtite + +This means he is from Moresheth which is a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah + +"when Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah" + +# which he saw + +"which he heard in a vision" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/02.md b/mic/01/02.md index d7adee507c..53d1e1ee04 100644 --- a/mic/01/02.md +++ b/mic/01/02.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:pagan]] -* [[en:tw:pagan|pagan]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Micah 1:2-7 is about God's judgment on Samaria. -## translationNotes +# Listen, all you peoples. Listen, earth, and all that is in you -* 7 is about God's judgment on Samaria. -* **Listen, all you peoples. Listen, earth, and all that is in you** - This begins Micah's prophecy. Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. Micah speaks as if all the people of the earth were there listening to him. (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] ) -* **he will come down and tread on the pagan shrines on the earth** - AT: he will completely destroy the pagan shrines on the earth as if he were crushing them with his feet" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The mountains will melt under him; the valleys will break apart like wax before fire, like waters that are poured down a steep place.** - This means when God comes to destroy the pagan shrines nothing will be able to stop him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This begins Micah's prophecy. Micah speaks to the people of Samaria as if all the people of the earth and even the earth itself were able to hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# he will come down and tread on the high places of the earth + +Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a mighty soldier coming down from heaven and beginning to march on top of the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will ... tread + +"he will ... march" + +# the high places of the earth + +"the high mountains" + +# The mountains will melt under him; the valleys will break apart, like wax before fire, like waters that are poured down a steep place + +Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a hot, solid object that melted the earth as it moved. AT: "He will crush the mountains and the valleys as he marches over them; he will destroy them, and they will completely disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/05.md b/mic/01/05.md index 7f6dc0cd19..161e1d59d1 100644 --- a/mic/01/05.md +++ b/mic/01/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# because of the sins of the house of Israel -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel. AT: "because the people of Israel have sinned against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# All this is -* **All this is because of the rebellion of Jacob, and because of the sins of the house of Israel** - These phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **All this is** - "The Lord will come and judge" -* **What was the reason for Jacob's rebellion? Was it not Samaria?** - Here "Jacob" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. Micah uses questions to emphasize that the people of Samaria are the reason God will come to judge the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What was the reason for Judah's shrines? Was it not Jerusalem?** - Micah uses questions to emphasize that the people of Jerusalem are the reason God is coming to judge the kingdom of Judah. +"The Lord will come and judge" + +# What is Jacob's transgression? + +The name "Jacob" is a metonym for those of his descendants who live in the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Is it not Samaria? + +Here "Samaria" is a metonym for the evil activities that take place there. Micah uses a question to emphasize that the people know what the truth is. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that it is Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What is Judah's high place? + +Here "high place" is a synecdoche for the entire system of idol worship. "Judah" is a metonym for the people who live there. AT: "Where do the people of Judah go to worship idols?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Is it not Jerusalem? + +Here "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the evil activities that take place there. Micah uses a question to emphasize that the people know what the truth is. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that it is Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/06.md b/mic/01/06.md index 84de06f5a4..27672e69e1 100644 --- a/mic/01/06.md +++ b/mic/01/06.md @@ -1,28 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I will make -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:foundation|foundation, founded]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gift|gift]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved figure]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:stone|stone, stoning]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Samaria ... her stones ... her foundations ... her carved figures ... her gifts that she received ... her idols ... she gathered her gifts ... they will become -* **I will make** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **will be crushed to pieces...will be burned up** - AT: "I will crush to pieces...I will burn up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I will pull her building stones** - Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. -* **For from the gifts to her prostitution she gathered them, and as a prostitute's pay they will return** - Often worshiping idols included having sex with a prostitute at the pagan temple. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Yahweh speaks of Samaria as if the city were a woman. AT: "Samaria ... its stones ... the foundations of the buildings in the city ... the carved figures in the city ... the gifts that people gave to the temple in the city ... the idols in the city ... the people of the city became rich ... the gifts will become" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will pour her stones + +Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. + +# All her carved figures will be broken to pieces + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will break all her carved figures to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all her gifts ... will be burned with fire + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will burn with fire all the gifts that she received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she received + +"people gave her" + +# Since she gathered her gifts from the wages of prostitutes, they will become the wages of prostitutes again + +Yahweh speaks of the people giving gifts to idols as if the people were hiring prostitutes. When the Assyrians destroy Samaria, they will take to Assyria the gifts the people of Samaria gave to their idols and give them as gifts to their own idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/08.md b/mic/01/08.md index 4b176cca45..eada537d31 100644 --- a/mic/01/08.md +++ b/mic/01/08.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:gath|Gath]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] +Micah 1:8-16 is about God's judgment on Judah. -## translationNotes +# I will lament -* 16 is about God's judgment on Judah. -* **I will lament** - Here "I" refers to Micah. -* **I will go barefoot and naked** - This is a sign of extreme mourning and distress. -* **naked** - Most likely, Micah was not entirely naked. He was probably wearing a loincloth. -* **I will wail like the jackals and mourn like owls** - These are animals that are known for their loud and harsh cries. And they are found in wastelands. AT: "You shall wail and mourn like the animals of the night" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **For her wounds are incurable** - Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. This means nothing can stop the enemy army that is coming to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for they have come to Judah** - Here "they" refers to the army that God used to punish Samaria. -* **Beth Leaphrah** - You may want to make a footnote saying, " The name of this city means 'house of dust.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **I roll myself in the dust ** - People under God's judgment are expressing their grief in a strong way. +Here "I" refers to Micah. + +# I will lament and wail + +"Lament" refers to the inner feeling of sadness, and "wail" refers to the activity of making a loud, sad sound. + +# I will go barefoot and naked + +This is a sign of extreme mourning and distress. Another possible meaning is "I will look like someone has taken off my clothes; I will be naked" + +# naked + +probably wearing only a loincloth + +# like the jackals ... like owls + +Jackals and owls live in wastelands, and their loud cries sound like people wailing or weeping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# For her wound is incurable + +Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. This means nothing can stop the enemy army from destroying the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for it has come to Judah + +Micah uses contagious disease as a metaphor for the army that Yahweh has sent to judge Samaria. Here "it" refers to the "wound," that is, to the army that God will use to punish Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Beth Leaphrah + +You may want to make a footnote saying, "The name of this city means 'house of dust.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I roll myself in the dust + +People under God's judgment are expressing their grief in a strong way. AT: "I roll myself on the ground" or "I roll myself in the mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/11.md b/mic/01/11.md index fdf05f1ae7..b281f0075d 100644 --- a/mic/01/11.md +++ b/mic/01/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The meanings of the names of the villages is important to Micah here. You may want to include the meanings of the names of the places in a footnote. -## translationNotes +# Shaphir -* For the meanings of the names of villages and towns, you may want to include that information in a footnote. -* **Shaphir ** - The name of this city sounds like one meaning "beautiful." It contrasts with "nakedness and shame." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in nakedness and shame** - Enemy armies often made their prisoners walk totally naked. And there was shame in being a conquered people.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Zaanan** - The name of this city means "go out." They are too afraid to go out and help. -* **Beth Ezel** - The name of this city means "house of taking away." -* **for their protection is taken away** - AT: "for I have taken away everything that might protect them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Maroth** - The name of this city means "bitterness." -* **because disaster has come down from Yahweh ** - "Disaster" is an important word in Micah that will reoccur. +The name of this city sounds like one meaning "beautiful." It contrasts with "nakedness and shame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in nakedness and shame + +This idiom makes explicit that the people will be totally naked. AT: "totally naked and ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Zaanan + +The name of this city means "go out." They are too afraid to go out and help. + +# Beth Ezel + +The name of this city means "house of taking away." + +# for their protection is taken away + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "for I have taken away everything that might protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Maroth + +The name of this city means "bitterness." + +# disaster has come down from Yahweh + +The abstract noun "disaster" is spoken of here as a solid object rolling down a hill. It can be translated as a verb. AT: "Yahweh has caused bad things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/13.md b/mic/01/13.md index 8a5cb98000..8b9a71e13e 100644 --- a/mic/01/13.md +++ b/mic/01/13.md @@ -1,28 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Lachish -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:gath|Gath]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +The name "Lachish" sounds like "to the chariots" in Hebrew. The people are hitching their chariots to flee, not fight. Lachish was the most important city after Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## translationNotes +# the daughter of Zion -* **Lachish** - There is wordplay here as Lachish sounds like "to the chariots" in Hebrew. The people are hitching their chariots to flee, not fight. Lachish was second to Jerusalem in importance in Judah. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the daughter of Zion** - The ”daughter” of a city means the people of the city. Alternate translations: “the people of Zion” or ”the people who live in Zion.” -* **for the transgressions of Israel were found in you** - AT: "for you disobeyed like the people of Israel did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Moresheth Gath** - You may want to add a footnote saying “The name ‘Moresheth’ means ‘to depart’ and is similar in sound to the word for ‘fiancee.’" It is like Moresheth is the bride that Assyria takes and the "parting gifts" are the dowry. Moresheth Gath was Micah's home village. -* **Achzib** - You may want to add a footnote saying "The name of this town sounds almost the same as the Hebrew expression for 'deceitful thing.'" +The word "daughter" is a metonym for the people of the city. AT: "the people of Zion" or "the people who live in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the transgressions of Israel were found in you + +This idiom can be translated in active form. AT: "for you disobeyed like the people of Israel did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Moresheth Gath + +You may want to add a footnote saying "The name 'Moresheth' means 'to depart.' It is also similar in sound to the word for 'fiancée.'" In this metaphor, Moresheth is the bride that Assyria takes, and the "parting gift" is the dowry, the gift her family gives for her to take into the marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Akzib + +You may want to add a footnote saying "The name of this town sounds almost the same as the Hebrew expression for 'deceitful thing.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/15.md b/mic/01/15.md index 6f95053ef1..4b5b6486e1 100644 --- a/mic/01/15.md +++ b/mic/01/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will again bring -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Mareshah -* **I will bring** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -* **Mareshah** - You may want to make a footnote saying, "There is a play-on-words here with the name of this village and the Hebrew word for 'conquerer.'" This term was used in Israel's conquering Canaan; now Israel will be conquered. This village is probably near Micah's home village of Moresheth Gath. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Adullam's cave** - This refers to a very large cave where David once fled with his men to hide from King Saul, and the Philistines, their enemy. It was their last hope for safety and survival. This may apply to the leaders of Israel at this time who must flee. -* **Shave your head and cut off your hair** - Shaving one's head was a sign of mourning for the Israelites. +You may want to make a footnote saying, "The name of this village sounds like the Hebrew word for 'conqueror.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adullam + +This is the name of a royal city in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shave your head and cut off your hair + +Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "Shave larger spots than usual on your heads" or 2) "Cut off all your hair and shave your heads," stating the events in the order in which they were to occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# eagles + +This word can also be translated "vultures." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/intro.md b/mic/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7fb8a4fc3a --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Micah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Micah is written mainly in a poetic form. Most of the prophets wrote to either the Northern Kingdom or the Southern Kingdom. Micah wrote to both of them at times without clear distinction, as he did in this chapter. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### City Names ##### + +This passage sounds unusual in English because of its construction in Hebrew. It contains several "puns" or "plays on words." The names of the cities are used to describe their destruction. "Lachish will be lashed" is an example of this type of construction. This poetic element might metaphors describing the actual way they will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Micah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/01.md b/mic/02/01.md index 0a57e376bc..4bc852c95d 100644 --- a/mic/02/01.md +++ b/mic/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Micah speaks against the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God's commands. -## translationNotes +# They oppress a man -* 11, the focus leaves the towns being judged to the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God's commands. +"They oppress any man they choose to oppress." This is a generalization. Micah is not speaking of one individual man here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/03.md b/mic/02/03.md index db9582db25..606e06d857 100644 --- a/mic/02/03.md +++ b/mic/02/03.md @@ -1,32 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:lots|lots, casting lots]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"Listen carefully" or "Pay attention" -## translationNotes +# disaster -* **this clan** - This "clan" refers to the entire community of Israel, whose rich people are oppressing the poor. The sins of the leaders are coming back on the whole nation. -* **from which you will not remove your necks** - Yahweh means his punishment is like a yoke around their necks. It is something that will bring down the pride of the rich. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lament with a wailing lamentation** - "they will cry loudly" -* **How can he remove it from me?** - The enemy uses a question in their song to express the surprise the rich leaders of Israel felt because God had taken their land and given it to someone else just as they had taken the land from the poor. AT: "He has taken it from me!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh. ** - Those who took land from the poor will not receive the inheritance they denied others. +See how you translated this in [Micah 1:12](../01/11.md). + +# this clan + +This "clan" refers to the entire community of Israel, whose rich people are oppressing the poor. The sins of the leaders are coming back on the whole nation. + +# from which you will not remove your necks + +Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were putting a yoke around their necks. AT: "from which you will not be able to escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sing a song about you + +"sing a song to make fun of you" + +# lament with a wailing lamentation + +"they will cry loudly." They are pretending to mourn, as if those they love have died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# We Israelites ... to traitors + +This is the song that the enemies will sing to make fun of the Israelites and laugh as the Israelites suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# How can he remove it from me? + +The enemy mocks the surprise the rich leaders of Israel feel because God has taken their land and given it to someone else just as they had taken the land from the poor. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "How wrong he is to take it from me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or 2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/06.md b/mic/02/06.md index ebcd01cdb6..dc8161ec01 100644 --- a/mic/02/06.md +++ b/mic/02/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Micah speaks to false prophets, as well as to the rich who have abused their power. -## translationNotes +# Do not prophesy -* 11 addresses prophets who have not preached correctly, ones who have rejected Micah, and more ways the rich have abused their power. -* **they say** - "the people of Israel say" -* **They must not** - "The prophets must not" -* **Is the spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?** - The people use questions to emphasize that they have misunderstood and do not believe God would really punish them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly?** - Micah uses a question to teach the people. AT: "My message is good to those who are concerned with doing what is right." -* **my people** - Here "my" refers to Yahweh. -* **You strip the robe, the garment from those who pass by unsuspectingly ** - Possible meanings are 1) Micah means the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor, but this is unlikely. Or 2) Micah is referring to creditors keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. According to the law in Exodus, they were to return the garment before nightfall because it might be the only thing the poor man has to keep warm at night. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The speakers are speaking to Micah and to others, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# they say + +"the people of Israel say" + +# They must not prophesy + +"The prophets must not prophesy" + +# reproaches must not come + +Reproach is spoken of as if it were a robber chasing a person. It can be translated as a verb. AT: "we will not allow you to reproach us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Should it really be said ... "Is the Spirit ... his deeds?" + +Micah is scolding the Israelites by using this question. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you do not need to ask ... 'Is the Spirit ... his deeds?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# house of Jacob + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# said ... "Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?" + +Possible meanings are 1) the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act. AT: "asked ... 'Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?'" or 2) the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. AT: "said ... 'The Spirit of Yahweh is not really angry. These are not really his deeds.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly? + +Micah uses a question to teach the people. It can bee translated as a statement. AT: "My message does good to those who walk uprightly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my people + +This refers to either 1) Micah's people or 2) Yahweh's people. + +# You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly + +Possible meanings are 1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or 2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/09.md b/mic/02/09.md index 5c186d6d0f..eac9c83e88 100644 --- a/mic/02/09.md +++ b/mic/02/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofGod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel. -## translationNotes +# you take my blessing from their young children forever -* Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel. -* **you take my blessing from their young children forever** - This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to 1) being landowners in Israel, 2) a promising future or 3) to the children's fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation. -* **it is destroyed with complete destruction** - AT: "I will completely destroy it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he would be considered** - AT: "you would consider him" +This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to 1) being landowners in Israel, 2) a promising future or 3) to the children's fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation. + +# my blessing + +Micah speaks as if he were Yahweh. + +# it is destroyed with complete destruction + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will completely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# comes to you ... will prophesy to you + +Micah is speaking to the people of Judah, so both instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# he would be considered + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the people would consider him" or "you would consider him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/12.md b/mic/02/12.md index 9cd6a8f5bf..115d72d381 100644 --- a/mic/02/12.md +++ b/mic/02/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues speaking. At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria. -## translationNotes +# all of you, Jacob -* Yahweh continues speaking. At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria. -* **Someone who breaks open their way … Yahweh will be at their head.** - This is a picture of the King leading his people out of an enclosed city. +Micah is speaking to some of the descendants of Jacob, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Someone who breaks open their way ... Yahweh will be at their head. + +This is a picture of a king leading his people out of an enclosed city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/intro.md b/mic/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98f05c3f50 --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Micah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Context ##### +Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information. Additional research may be needed regarding the time period of Micah's ministry. Therefore, translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/01.md b/mic/03/01.md index 602aaa3a06..3ff9703885 100644 --- a/mic/03/01.md +++ b/mic/03/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] +Chapter 3 focuses on the corrupt leaders in Israel. -## translationNotes +# I said -* Chapter 3 focuses on the corrupt leaders in Israel. -* **I said** - Here "I" refers to Micah. -* **Is it not right for you to understand justice?** - Micah uses a question to scold the leaders because they were not protecting the people or treating them fairly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **You who tear off their skin, their flesh from their bones—you who also eat the flesh of my people, and tear their skin off, break their bones, and chop them in pieces, just like meat for a pot, just like meat in a cauldron.** - Micah uses this terrible imagery to emphasize how upset God is with the leaders because of how cruel they are to those they should be protecting. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "I" refers to Micah. + +# Is it not right for you to understand justice? + +Micah is scolding the leaders. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You act as though you think it is wrong for you to understand justice." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# hate good and love evil + +These nominal adjectives can be translated as adjectives. AT: "hate everything that is good and love everything that is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you who tear off their skin, their flesh from their bones ... just like meat in a cauldron + +A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/04.md b/mic/03/04.md index 37fb57e0a9..5ff225e8a7 100644 --- a/mic/03/04.md +++ b/mic/03/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Micah continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# cry out to Yahweh -* Micah continues speaking. -* **cry out to Yahweh** - "shout to Yahweh for help" -* **He will hide his face from you** - This means God will not hear their cries. They would not hear the cries of the poor, and so they receive the same treatment from God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"shout to Yahweh for help" + +# he will not answer you + +"he will not do what you ask him to do" + +# He will hide his face from you + +Hiding the face is a metaphor for refusing to listen. AT: "He will turn his face away from you and cover it" or "You will see that he has no desire to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/05.md b/mic/03/05.md index 1b1284b64d..843e2cc04b 100644 --- a/mic/03/05.md +++ b/mic/03/05.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:divination|divination, diviner]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Micah continues to speak judgment against false prophets. -## translationNotes +# who lead my people astray -* Micah continues to speak judgment against false prophets. -* **it will be night for you…the day will be dark on them** - Yahweh is saying in 3:6 these false prophets will no longer receive God's message to the people of Israel. Prophets sometimes got messages from God through visions, or dreams at night. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The seers will be put to shame, and the diviners will be confused** - AT: "I will cause the seers to be ashamed, and I will confuse the diviners" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **All of them will cover their lips** - AT: "They shall no longer speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for there is no answer from me** - This means God will be silent as part of their punishment. +Walking on a good path is a metaphor for obeying God. Going astray from the path is a metaphor for disobeying God, in this case perhaps without knowing it. AT: "who lead my people to disobey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if one gives them something to eat, they proclaim, 'Peace.' + +Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase "something to eat" is an ironic way of speaking of a small payment. AT: "they tell people who pay them even a small amount that things will go well for those people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# if he puts nothing in their mouths, they dedicate themselves to wage war on him + +Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase "puts nothing in their mouths" is an ironic exaggeration for not giving what they want. AT: "they do all they can to destroy people who pay them too little" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# it will be night for you ... the day will be dark on them + +Darkness is a metaphor for Yahweh not speaking to the prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no vision for you + +"you will no longer see visions" + +# The seers will be put to shame, and the diviners will be confused + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will cause the seers to be ashamed, and I will confuse the diviners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All of them will cover their lips + +Here "lips" represents speaking. AT: "They shall no longer speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there is no answer from me + +"I will be silent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/08.md b/mic/03/08.md index bb0257acc4..9e1115c4f6 100644 --- a/mic/03/08.md +++ b/mic/03/08.md @@ -1,26 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But as for me -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] +Here "me" refers to Micah, a true prophet, setting himself apart from the false prophets. -## translationNotes +# I am full of power by the Spirit of Yahweh, and am full of justice and might -* **But as for Me** - The "me" here refers to Micah, a true prophet, setting himself apart from the false prophets. -* **I am full of power by the Spirit of Yahweh, and am full of justice and might** - The Spirit of Yahweh has chosen to give Micah power, justice, and might in a strong, special way. AT: "the Spirit of Yahweh has filled me with power, justice, and might" or "the Spirit of Yahweh has granted me power, justice, and might" -* **to declare to Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin** - Both of these phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. The true prophet denounces sin. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Micah speaks of himself as if he were a container into which Yahweh were pouring a liquid. AT: "the Spirit of Yahweh has given me power, justice, and might" or "the Spirit of Yahweh has enabled me to be strong, to declare what justice is, and to be mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to declare to Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin + +Here "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms for Jacob's descendants. Micah uses both names to emphasize that all of his descendants are guilty of sin. The abstract nouns "transgression" and "sin" can be translated using verbs. AT: "to declare to Jacob's descendants that they have broken Yahweh's law; I am telling the people of Israel that they have all sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/09.md b/mic/03/09.md index 3c3548e693..f5b21d7af8 100644 --- a/mic/03/09.md +++ b/mic/03/09.md @@ -1,38 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# house of Jacob -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:bribe|bribe]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:divination|divination, diviner]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of Israel -* **You build Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity** - The rich were building themselves beautiful homes often at the expense and mistreatment of the poor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **blood ** - Here "blood" refers to murder. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] ) -* **Is not Yahweh with us? No evil will come to us.** - Micah quotes the leaders who wrongly think Yahweh would not punish them for their sinful deeds. The Hebrew word for "evil" here is the same as for "disaster" in 2:3, a key word in the book. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. AT: "descendants of Israel" or "you Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# detest + +strongly dislike + +# You build Zion with blood and Jerusalem with iniquity + +"Blood" is a metonym for murder, and "Zion" and "Jerusalem" are spoken of as if they were buildings. Micah speaks of the rich murdering people and sinning in other ways as if those activities were the bricks and wood with which people use to build houses. AT: "You commit murder and other horrible sins as you work to make Zion and Jerusalem great!" or "You commit murder as you worship in Zion, and you commit other sins as you get rich in Jerusalem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Is not Yahweh with us? + +The leaders strongly believe that Yahweh is with them. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "We know that Yahweh is with us!" or "We know that Yahweh will help us do what we want to do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# evil + +See how you translated "disaster" in [Micah 1:12](../01/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/12.md b/mic/03/12.md index 13e2a39674..5cc0e327a2 100644 --- a/mic/03/12.md +++ b/mic/03/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# because of you -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] +Here "you" refers to the priests, prophets, and leaders ([Micah 3:11](./09.md)). -## translationNotes +# Zion will become a plowed field ... and the hill of the temple will become a thicket -* **Because of you** - Here "you" refers to the priests, prophets, and leaders of the previous verse. -* **Zion will be plowed like a field, Jerusalem will be a heap of ruins, and the hill of the temple will be like a forested hill.** - Micah means that Jerusalem will be completely destroyed. A large city with many people living there will become abandoned and grow over like a field or forest. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Zion will be plowed like a field ** - After its destruction, Jerusalem will be available to plow. AT: "Other people will plow Zion like a field." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and the hill of the temple will be like a forested hill.** - Not even the temple area will be spared. The leaders have corrupted it, and it will be destroyed too. +"Zion" and "the hill of the temple" refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a plowed field + +"a field that a farmer has plowed" + +# a thicket + +a place where many small woody plants grow \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/intro.md b/mic/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c284de187d --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Micah 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Justice ##### +An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are vivid pictures used in this chapter which show how the leaders of the people were treating the Israelites. These situations are absurd unless taken as a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/01.md b/mic/04/01.md index 7f7e8b996c..95586f071d 100644 --- a/mic/04/01.md +++ b/mic/04/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the mountain ... other mountains -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lastday]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh making the temple mount higher than all other mountains and hills is a metaphor for making his temple the most important place on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the mountain of Yahweh's house will be established -* **the mountain of Yahweh’s house will be established** - AT: "Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **over the other mountains** - This means Mount Zion will be the most important of all the mountains. It might also mean that this mountain will be the highest in the world, not only in the area. -* **It will be established over the other mountains** - AT: "Yahweh will honor it more than any other mountain" -* **and peoples will stream to it** - The people of the nations will go to the mountain of Yahweh like a stream flows. This mean that many people will go. AT: "and the people of the nations will flow like a stream to it" or "and the people of the nations will go to it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" or "Yahweh will make the mountain on which his temple is built great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# over the other mountains + +Mount Zion will be the most important of all the mountains. It might also mean that this mountain will become the highest in the world, and not only in the region where it is located. + +# It will be exalted above the hills + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will exalt it above the hills" or "Yahweh will make it higher than the hills" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# peoples will stream to it + +A stream flows continually to one place from many directions. Many people come to the temple mount from different directions. AT: "the people of the nations will flow like a stream to it" or "the people of the nations will go to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/02.md b/mic/04/02.md index c4f0840a40..8ccbf39876 100644 --- a/mic/04/02.md +++ b/mic/04/02.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Many nations -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The word "nations" is a metonym for the people of the nations. AT: "The people from many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Come -* **let us go up to the mountain of Yahweh, to the house of the God of Jacob** - Both the mountain and the house are references to the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **He will teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths** - Here "his ways" and "his paths" refer to what God wants the people to do. Also, "walk" means they will obey what he says. -* **For from Zion the Law will go out, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem** - Here the words "Law" and "word" are speaking of the same thing. The nations of the world will hear God's Law in Jerusalem. -* **plowshares** - A plowshare is a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds. -* **They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning knives.** - The two parts of this sentence mean the same thing: weapons for war will be changed to tools to provide food. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **pruning knives** - A pruning knife is used to cut off branches or stems from a plant to make it produce better. +This is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# He will teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths + +Here "his ways" and "his paths" refer to what God wants the people to do. "Walk" means they will obey what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from Zion the law will go out, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem + +The law and the word going out is a metaphor for people hearing it and then being messengers to tell other people about it in other places. You may need to state the words omitted in the ellipsis. AT: "people will listen to the law in Zion and go outs and tell others; they will listen to the word of Yahweh in Jerusalem and go out and tell others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# plowshares + +a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds + +# pruning hooks + +a metal tool that people use to cut off branches or stems from plants + +# will not lift up sword + +will not threaten to start a war \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/04.md b/mic/04/04.md index f5cc52c799..b64b00b453 100644 --- a/mic/04/04.md +++ b/mic/04/04.md @@ -1,28 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fig|fig]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vine|vine]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Micah continues describing the "last days" when people learn and obey Yahweh's law. -## translationNotes +# they will sit every person under his vine and under his fig tree -* Micah continues describing the "last days" when people learn and obey Yahweh's law. -* **under his vine and under his own fig trees** - This is an image of people living in peace. -* **for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken** - AT: "for Yahweh of hosts has spoken" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **walk…in the name of** - This phrase means to worship and obey. +Both the "vine" and the "fig tree" are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. If grapevines or fig trees are unknown you can translate this more generally. AT: "they will sit peacefully in their own gardens and fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken + +The mouth is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "for Yahweh of hosts has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the peoples walk ... in the name of their god ... we will walk in the name of Yahweh + +Walking on a path is a metaphor for living one's life. Walking in the name of someone is a metaphor for worshiping and obeying. AT: "the peoples ... worship and obey their god ... we will worship and obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/06.md b/mic/04/06.md index b7bc47ec03..38a7f4fe91 100644 --- a/mic/04/06.md +++ b/mic/04/06.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# On that day -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower|watchtower, tower]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +"at that time" or "when I do those things." These words refer to "the last days" ([Micah 4:1](./01.md)). The word "day" can refer to a period of days or even years. -## translationNotes +# the lame -* Yahweh is describing the “last days” when people learn and obey Yahweh's law. -* **On that day** - "In the future" -* **I will assemble the lame** - "I will bring together those who are weak" -* **and gather the outcast** - "and gather those whom I cause to be forced out" -* **and the ones driven away into a strong nation** - AT: "and the ones I drove away I will make into a strong nation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **watchtower for the flock** - Yahweh uses this phrase to emphasize that the people of Jerusalem are supposed to guard and care for all the other people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **hill of the daughter of Zion** - The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. AT: "hill where the people of Zion live" +This refers to those who cannot walk well. Being lame is a synecdoche for having any form of disability. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# gather the outcast + +"gather those whom I drove out of Jerusalem" + +# the ones driven away into a strong nation + +This can be translated in active form. The words omitted by the ellipsis can be added. AT: "I will make the ones I drove away into a strong nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# As for you, watchtower for the flock, hill of the daughter of Zion—to you it will come, your former dominion + +Micah speaks to the people of Jerusalem by speaking to the temple mount as if it could hear him. You may need to make explicit that Micah is giving his message to the people. AT: "As for the temple mount, the place from which Yahweh watches over you, his sheep, the place that Jerusalem's people are most proud of—its former dominion will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# watchtower for the flock + +The people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem + +The people who live in a place are spoken of as if the place is a mother and they are the daughter. AT: "people who live in Zion ... people who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hill + +Some modern versions understand this Hebrew word to mean "fortress" or "stronghold" here. + +# to you it will come, your former dominion + +The abstract noun "dominion" can be translated as a verb. AT: "you will rule over the nations as you did before" or "I will make you rule over the nations as you did before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/09.md b/mic/04/09.md index 12877111e1..65461eeb48 100644 --- a/mic/04/09.md +++ b/mic/04/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now, why do you shout so loudly? -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Look at how you are shouting loudly." or "Think carefully about why you are shouting loudly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor? -* **Now, why do you cry out aloud? ** - Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. AT: “Now, you cry out.”(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Is there no king in you, is your counselor perished, that pangs have taken hold of you like a woman in labor?** - Micah continues to address the people in a mocking tone. The answer to these questions is no. The king and counselors are still there, but they are as useless and helpless. AT: "So why are you wailing now? Is it because you have no king? Have all your wise people died? You are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Be in pain and labor to give birth, daughter of Zion, like a woman in labor** - Micah uses the image of a woman in labor to emphasize the agony of exile. He means that they //should// be in pain because God is punishing them by sending them away from Israel. Many of them will never come home again. -* **There you will be rescued. There Yahweh will rescue you** - AT: "There Yahweh will rescue you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Micah continues to mock the people. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Be in pain ... like a woman in labor + +Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# There you will be rescued. There Yahweh will rescue you + +Yahweh says the same thing in both active and passive forms to emphasize that he will do what he has said he will do. This can be translated in active form. AT: "There Yahweh will rescue you. There he will rescue you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hand of your enemies + +Possible meanings for the word "hand" are 1) it could be a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, AT: "the power of your enemies" or 2) it could be a synecdoche for the person. AT: "your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/11.md b/mic/04/11.md index 55928e077f..e551ba3501 100644 --- a/mic/04/11.md +++ b/mic/04/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Jerusalem will defeat her enemies. -## translationNotes +# Let her be defiled -* Jerusalem will defeat her enemies. -* **Let her be defiled; let our eyes gloat over Zion** - AT: "Let us ruin the city of Jerusalem and destroy its people so we can take great pleasure in their downfall." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **For he has gathered them like sheaves for the threshing floor** - This means God is also preparing to punish the people of the nations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Let us defile her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# let our eyes gloat over Zion + +The eye is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "let us gloat over Zion" or "let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for he has gathered them like sheaves for the threshing floor + +The farmer puts his sheaves on his threshing floor just before he threshes them. In a similar way, Yahweh will soon destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/13.md b/mic/04/13.md index 10a5eba88f..3c48120433 100644 --- a/mic/04/13.md +++ b/mic/04/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh presents the imagery of the threshing floor. (See: [Micah 4:12](./11.md)) -## translationNotes +# Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion ... your horn ... your hooves ... You will crush -* Yahweh presents the imagery of the threshing floor. (See: [[:en:bible:notes:mic:04:11]]) -* **Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion** - God will use the people of Zion to punish the people of the nations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze** - Yahweh is comparing the people of Zion to the strong oxen that would thresh the wheat. This means Yahweh will make the people of Israel strong again so they can defeat the other nations. +All instances of "your" and "you," as well as the commands, refer to the "daughter of Zion" and so are singular and feminine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze + +Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze + +If your reader is not familiar with oxen or iron or bronze, you can remove the metaphor. AT: "for I will make you able to defeat and destroy every enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# their unjust wealth + +"the wealth they got by acting unjustly" or "the things they stole from other people" + +# their wealth + +The abstract noun "wealth" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the things that they own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/intro.md b/mic/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9a011a9815 --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Micah 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the poetic form to communicate that God will one day restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Remanant ##### +Micah speaks about a future hope and a remnant who will return to their homeland. Verses 1-8 are a vision of the future when God will restore Israel to its former glory. These verses will give hope to those about to be removed from their homeland. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/01.md b/mic/05/01.md index cce7cfad44..897ce28c45 100644 --- a/mic/05/01.md +++ b/mic/05/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# daughter of soldiers -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] +The people of a city are spoken of as if they were a woman. The soldiers are attacking the city. AT: "people of the city, whom soldiers are attacking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# with a rod they will strike the judge of Israel on the cheek -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +The rod is a metonym for a greater man punishing a lesser man with a rod. To strike a man on the cheek was to insult him more than to harm him. AT: "Yahweh will punish the judge of Israel by having the invaders insult the judge of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the judge of Israel + +This irony describes the king as having lost so much of his power and authority that he is really only a judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/02.md b/mic/05/02.md index 166cd52782..49a4246db9 100644 --- a/mic/05/02.md +++ b/mic/05/02.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Yahweh speaks to the people of Judah, and especially to the people of Bethlehem, as if he were speaking to the town of Bethlehem itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# Ephrathah -* **But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah** - Yahweh speaks to the people of this town as if they are there listening. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **Ephrathah** - This is either the name of the area in which Bethlehem was situated or it is just another name for Bethlehem or it distinguishes this Bethlehem from another. Bethlehem is about six miles south of Jerusalem. It was the hometown of King David. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Ephrathah' means 'to be fruitful.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **even though you are small among the clans of Judah** - This means God will do great things through a small and insignificant town. -* **will come to me** - Here "me" refers to Yahweh. -* **whose beginning is from ancient times, from everlasting** - This refers to the ruler descending from the ancient family of King David. -* **Therefore God will give them up** - "Therefore God will abandon the people of Israel" -* **until the time when she who is in labor bears a child** - This refers to the time when the ruler is born, a limited time. -* **the rest of his brothers** - “the rest of his fellow Israelites.” These are the Israelites in exile. Here "his" refers to the child who will be ruler. +This is either the name of the area in which Bethlehem was situated or it is just another name for Bethlehem or it distinguishes this Bethlehem from another. Bethlehem is about six miles south of Jerusalem. It was the hometown of King David. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Ephrathah' means 'to be fruitful.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# even though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you one will come + +"even though other clans in Judah have more people in them, it is one of your people who will come" + +# will come to me + +Here "me" refers to Yahweh. + +# whose beginning is from ancient times, from everlasting + +This refers to the ruler descending from the ancient family of King David. The phrases "from ancient times" and "from everlasting" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how old this family line is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Therefore + +"Because this ruler will come later" + +# will give them up + +will abandon the people of Israel + +# until the time when she who is in labor bears a child + +This refers to the time when the ruler is born, a limited time. + +# the rest of his brothers + +"the rest of the ruler's fellow Israelites," who are in exile \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/04.md b/mic/05/04.md index ea00578d74..c377823abd 100644 --- a/mic/05/04.md +++ b/mic/05/04.md @@ -1,34 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire, Asshur]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:majesty|majesty]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +These verses continue describing the ruler from Bethlehem. -## translationNotes +# He will stand and shepherd his flock in the strength of Yahweh -* These verses continue describing the ruler from Bethlehem. -* **He will stand and shepherd his flock in the strength of Yahweh** - AT: "He will lead his people in the strength of Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in the majesty of the name of Yahweh his God** - AT: "in the powerful authority of Yahweh his God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **They will remain** - Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. The word "Israel" or "Jerusalem" is implied. AT: "The people will remain in Israel" or "The people will remain in Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **for then he will be great to the ends of the earth** - This means that in the future all people from every nation will give honor to Israel's ruler. -* **He will be our peace** - Here "our" refers to Micah and the people of Israel. AT: "He will be a man of peace" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **seven shepherds and eight leaders over men** - Here "shepherds" mean "rulers." Also, you might want to add a footnote that says, "The numbers 'seven' and 'eight' combined mean that there will be more than enough leaders to meet the need." +A shepherd, who feeds and protects his sheep, is a metaphor for the ruler, who will provide for and protect the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh will give him the strength to lead his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the majesty of the name of Yahweh his God + +The person's name is a metonym for person's authority. AT: "and people will honor him because Yahweh his God has given him the authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will remain + +the people of Israel will remain + +# remain + +"live in safety" + +# he will be great to the ends of the earth + +All people from every nation will give honor to Israel's ruler. + +# seven shepherds and eight leaders over men + +Here "shepherds" is a metonym for "rulers," another way of saying "leaders over men." The phrase "seven ... and eight" is an idiom for "more than enough." AT: "enough, even more than enough, rulers" or "more than enough shepherds and leaders over men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/06.md b/mic/05/06.md index 4332759533..4d380b936f 100644 --- a/mic/05/06.md +++ b/mic/05/06.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They will shepherd the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in its entrances -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire, Asshur]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The sword is a metonym for killing in war. Here the Israelites ruling over the Assyrians is spoken of ironically as if they were killing sheep instead of herding them. The land of Assyria is a metonym for the people who live there. The entrances to cities were where official business took place. AT: "They will make war against the people of Assyria, and they will rule the cities of the land of Nimrod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# They will shepherd the land of Assyria ... and the land of Nimrod -* **These men** - This refers to the "seven shepherds" and "eight leaders." -* **land of Nimrod** - This is another name for the land of Assyria. Nimrod was a hunter and early leader. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Nimrod' means 'rebellion.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **He will rescue** - "The ruler will rescue" -* **like dew from Yahweh, like showers on the grass** - This emphasizes that the people of Judah will be a refreshing, a blessing, to the nations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **that do not wait for man, not for human beings** - AT: "and they will wait and depend on God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +You may need to repeat the words omitted in the ellipsis. AT: "They will shepherd the land of Assyria ... and they will shepherd the land of Nimrod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# land of Nimrod + +This is another name for the land of Assyria. Nimrod was a hunter and early ruler. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Nimrod' means 'rebellion.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He will rescue + +The ruler will rescue + +# like dew from Yahweh, like showers on the grass + +Dew and rain showers refresh the land and cause things to grow. The Israelites will cause the people among whom they live to live will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# grass, that do not wait for a man, and they do not wait for the children + +"grass. It is not for a man that they wait, nor is it for the children." It is Yahweh alone who causes dew and rain showers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/08.md b/mic/05/08.md index eadab2eb6f..4156cd8075 100644 --- a/mic/05/08.md +++ b/mic/05/08.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] +Yahweh promises that the Israelites who are alive after Yahweh has punished his people with war will completely defeat and rule over their enemies. -## translationNotes +# remnant of Jacob -* **like a lion among the animals of the forest, like a young lion among the flocks of sheep. When he goes through them, he will trample over them and tear them to pieces** - This emphasizes that the people of Israel will have the power and courage while in exile to judge and destroy their enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +descendants of Jacob who survive the war + +# among the nations, among many peoples + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the "remnant of Jacob" will live in many different nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# like a lion among the animals of the forest, like a young lion among the flocks of sheep + +Lions are able to kill and eat any wild animal of the forest, and they easily kill sheep. AT: "like the fiercest of wild animals, like a wild animal that kills helpless livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# When he goes through them + +when the young lion goes through the flocks of sheep + +# will trample over them and tear + +"will jump on them so they fall down, and then he will tear" + +# Your hand ... your enemies + +The writer is speaking to Yahweh, so both instances of "your" are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Your hand will be lifted against your enemies + +The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the whole person. To lift the hand is to exercise power. AT: "You will completely defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# it will destroy them + +The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "you will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/10.md b/mic/05/10.md index df1fb3d6da..8af02a62d5 100644 --- a/mic/05/10.md +++ b/mic/05/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in that day -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +- "at that time" or "when I do those things." These words refer to "the last days" ([Micah 4:1](../04/01.md)). The word "day" can refer to a period of days or even years. -## translationNotes +# I will destroy your horses from among you and will demolish your chariots -* **It will happen in that day** - This refers to an indefinite time in the future, probably during the exile. -* **I will destroy your horses among you and will demolish your chariots** - The people of Israel used horses and chariots in only in battle. It also may have involved alliances with foreign, godless countries. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The people of Israel used horses and chariots only in battle, and they may have traded for them with the godless nations around them. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your horses ... among you ... your chariots ... your land ... your strongholds + +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/12.md b/mic/05/12.md index 149ee43fc1..75665309f6 100644 --- a/mic/05/12.md +++ b/mic/05/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:asherim]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:divination|divination, diviner]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the witchcraft in your hand -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. +Being in the "hand" represents the actions that the person does. AT: "the witchcraft that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your hand ... you will ... your carved ... your stone ... among you. You will ... your hands ... your Asherah ... among you ... your cities + +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the workmanship of your hands + +The abstract noun "workmanship" can be translated using the verb "make." AT: "what your hands have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will uproot your Asherah poles + +Yahweh speaks of Asherah poles as if they were trees that he would pull out of the ground. AT: "will pull your Asherah poles out of the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/intro.md b/mic/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f18ffeef9b --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Micah 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](./02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Change in Personal Pronouns ##### +Extra care must be taken in translating pronouns in this chapter. Sometimes "I" is a reference to the author and other times it is a reference to Yahweh. There is also a noticable shift where the author stops speaking about the people as "you" and begins speaking about them as "we" or "us." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/01.md b/mic/06/01.md index 6e631bfff4..1afa41aeab 100644 --- a/mic/06/01.md +++ b/mic/06/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now listen ... Listen to Yahweh's lawsuit -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:micah]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to mountains that can hear him, so both instances of "listen" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# Arise ... state ... let ... your voice -* **Arise and state your case...he will fight in court against Israel** - In 6:1-5 Micah uses courtroom imagery. Yahweh speaks before the witnesses to determine why the people of Israel have abandoned God and started worshiping idols. -* **the mountains...the hills...enduring foundations of the earth** - Micah is speaking to these things as if they are humans. Micah is using the mountains, hills, and foundations of the earth as an eternal witness against his people's idolatry. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so the commands and the word "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Arise and state your case before the mountains; let the hills hear your voice + +Yahweh speaks as if he is in court and the mountains and hills are the judges. He commands the people of Israel to tell the judges why they have done what they did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the mountains ... the hills ... enduring foundations of the earth + +Micah is speaking to these things as if they are humans. Micah is using the mountains, hills, and foundations of the earth as an eternal witness against his people's idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/03.md b/mic/06/03.md index 8c1372f0b9..87c47d96fd 100644 --- a/mic/06/03.md +++ b/mic/06/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +This continues Yahweh's lawsuit against the people of Israel. (See: [Micah 6:1-2](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me! -* 2]]) -* **My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me!** - God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. AT: "My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **house of bondage** - AT: "the place where you were slaves" -* **call to mind** - "remember" -* **Balak king of Moab devised, and what Balaam son of Beor answered him** - This refers to an event in the past when King Balak hired Balaam to curse the people of Israel. However, God allowed Balaam to only bless the people. -* **Beor** - This is the name of Balaam's father. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shittim** - This is the name of a place in Moab. -* **that you may know the righteous acts of me, Yahweh** - "so that you may remember who I am, and what I have done for you" +God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. AT: "My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to you ... wearied you? Testify ... brought you ... rescued you ... Miriam to you ... remember ... you went ... you may know + +Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# house of bondage + +A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. The abstract noun "bondage" can be translated as "to be slaves." AT: "the place where you were slaves for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what Balak ... devised + +"the plans Balak ... made to harm you + +# how Balaam ... answered him + +Possible meanings are 1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, AT: "how Balaam ... did what Balak asked him to do" or 2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. AT: "what Balaam told Balak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Beor + +This is the name of Balaam's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shittim + +This is the name of a place in Moab. + +# so you may know the righteous acts of Yahweh + +Yahweh refers to himself by his own name. AT: "so that you may remember the righteous things that I, Yahweh, have done for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/06.md b/mic/06/06.md index 5f8e23bb23..790ba3a32f 100644 --- a/mic/06/06.md +++ b/mic/06/06.md @@ -1,37 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# What should I bring to Yahweh ... God? Should I come ... old? Will Yahweh be pleased ... oil? Should I give ... sin? -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. AT: "I know that I do no need to bring to Yahweh ... God, or come ... old, and that Yahweh will not be pleased ... oil or if I give ... sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# thousands of rams ... ten thousand rivers of oil -* **What should I bring to Yahweh, as I bow down to the high God? Should I come to him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old? Will Yahweh be pleased with thousands of rams, or with ten thousand rivers of oil? Should I give my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for my own sin?** - Micah uses questions to teach the people of Israel about what is really pleasing to God. AT: "Surely you do not think that you can please God by bringing him a year-old calf, 1,000 rams, 10,000 rivers of oil, or even your firstborn child as a sacrifice for your sins." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **He has told you** - "Yahweh has told you" +"rams in groups of 1,000 ... 10,000 rivers of oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He has told you + +"Yahweh has told you" + +# good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act ... God + +Many versions read, "good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act ... God." or "good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act ... God?" + +# love kindness + +The abstract noun "kindness" can be translated using the adjective "kind." AT: "love being kind to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/09.md b/mic/06/09.md index 0dac1cbc3e..fd346f8747 100644 --- a/mic/06/09.md +++ b/mic/06/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The voice of Yahweh is making a proclamation to the city -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The voice represents the person and the city represents the people who live in it. AT: "Yahweh is making an announcement to the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# even now wisdom acknowledges your name -* **The voice of Yahweh is making a proclamation to the city** - AT: "Yahweh is making an announcement to the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **even now wisdom acknowledges your name** - AT: "and the wise person will fear Yahweh" or "and the wise person will obey what Yahweh says" -* **Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place** - Here "rod" refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh will discipline his people. (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **false measures** - This refers to weights that weighed items incorrectly so the person could purposely deceive others and make more money for himself. +Wisdom is spoken of as a person and is a metonym for the wise person. The word "name" here is a metonym for the person himself, what people think of him, and his authority. AT: "and the wise person will fear you" or "and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place + +Here "rod" refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who "has put it in place," will discipline his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is wealth in the houses of the wicked that is dishonest + +Dishonest wealth is a metonym for wealth that people have gained by acting dishonestly. The words "the wicked" refer to wicked people. Houses are a synecdoche for everything a person possesses. AT: "Wicked people have acted dishonestly to gain wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# false measures + +incorrect weights that people use with scales to increase their wealth by deceiving those with whom they trade \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/11.md b/mic/06/11.md index 7588dc4e2e..1a44e3db1a 100644 --- a/mic/06/11.md +++ b/mic/06/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Should I consider a person to be innocent ... weights? -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I certainly will not consider a person innocent ... weights." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# deceptive weights -* **Should I consider a person to be innocent if he uses fraudulent scales, with a bag of deceptive weights** - Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he considers guilty the person who deceives others in order to make more money. AT: "I certainly will consider a person guilty if he uses unfair scales and weights in order to cheat others and makes more money for himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The rich men are full of violence** - "The rich men take advantage of the poor" -* **the inhabitants have spoken lies, and their tongue in their mouth is deceitful** - Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "all of you are liars" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) This should make an emotional impact on readers. +weights with which sellers deceive buyers + +# The rich men are full of violence + +Rich men are spoken of as if they were containers, and people treating each other violently is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could be put into a container. AT: "The rich men act violently toward everyone" or "The rich men act violently all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their tongue in their mouth is deceitful + +The tongue is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "Everything they say is a lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/13.md b/mic/06/13.md index 055eec135e..b0620da986 100644 --- a/mic/06/13.md +++ b/mic/06/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I will strike you with a terrible blow -* [[en:tw:Sword]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +Yahweh striking his people with blows is a metaphor for him punishing them. AT: "I have punished you severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# your emptiness will remain inside you -* **Therefore I have struck you with a severe wound...but drink no wine** - Yahweh describes his punishment of his people as allowing the enemy army to come and take everything they grew, prepared, and stored for themselves. +A person or thing being hungry is spoken of as if it were something that could be put in a container, and the people are spoken of as if they were containers. AT: "You will be hungry, and you will not be able to eat enough to satisfy yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/16.md b/mic/06/16.md index 7fde3be151..0791b8e59f 100644 --- a/mic/06/16.md +++ b/mic/06/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ahab]] -* [[en:tw:ahab|Ahab]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# The regulations made by Omri have been kept, and all the deeds of the house of Ahab -* Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **The regulations made by Omri have been kept** - AT: "You have done what Omri commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Omri…Ahab** - Both of these men were kings over the northern kingdom of Israel. God considered both of them to be very wicked. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **You walk by their advice** - AT: "you have done the evil things that Omri and Ahab told the people to do +This can be translated in active form, and you may need to supply the words that the ellipsis omitted. AT: "You have done what Omri commanded, and you have done the same things the house of Ahab did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Omri ... Ahab + +Both of these men were kings over the northern kingdom of Israel. God considered both of them to be very wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# house of Ahab + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. AT: "the descendants of Ahab" + +# You walk by their advice + +Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. AT: "You do what Omri and Ahab told the people to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make you, city, a ruin, and you inhabitants an object of hissing + +Micah speaks to the people of the city, who can hear him, as if he were speaking to the city itself, which cannot hear him. You may need to make explicit the words that the ellipsis omits. AT: "I will make your city a ruin, and I will make you inhabitants an object of hissing" or "I will make you, city, a ruin, and I will cause everyone who sees you, inhabitants of the city, to hiss at you" or "I will make the city a ruin, and I will make people hiss at the inhabitants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# you will bear the reproach of my people + +"you will suffer because my people will reproach you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/intro.md b/mic/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9bbbae5c2f --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Micah 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Names in Lawsuit ##### +Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel. +Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/01.md b/mic/07/01.md index 257e31bb9f..d1d502ad84 100644 --- a/mic/07/01.md +++ b/mic/07/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I have become like the gathering of summer fruit, and like the grapes that have been gleaned -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Micah speaks of looking for but being unable to find faithful people as if he were looking for food after the harvesters had taken it all. You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "I have become like someone looking for food after the gathering of summer fruit, like a gleaner after the grapes have been gleaned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# no grape cluster ... no ripe early fig -* **For me it is like when the harvest of summer fruit … first ripe figs** - Micah emphasizes that there are no longer any honest people, loyal to God, in Israel. AT: "For me the people of Israel are like a vineyard after the harvest and gleaning. The vines are bare. I can no longer find any fruit, but I still crave to eat a ripe fig. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The godly man has perished … with a net ** - Micah exaggerates to show how bad the situation is. He feels there is no one good left in Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Micah speaks of faithful, upright people as if they were fruit that is good to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Faithful people have disappeared ... land; there is no upright person ... They all lie in wait ... blood; each one hunts + +These are exaggerations. AT: "I feel as though faithful people have disappeared ... land and there is no upright person ... I feel as though they all lie in wait ... blood, and each one hunts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# to shed blood + +Blood is a metaphor for the death of innocent people. AT: "to kill innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/03.md b/mic/07/03.md index 524d3c6575..2a62553be5 100644 --- a/mic/07/03.md +++ b/mic/07/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:bribe|bribe]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition|judge]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers, rule]] +Micah continues speaking about the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Their hands are very good -* Micah continues speaking about the people of Israel. -* **Their hands are very good** - AT: "The people are very good" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **The best of them is like briers, the most upright is a hedge of thorns** - This means that even the best leaders in Israel caused harm and were worthless. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment** - Here "your" still refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Now their confusion has arrived** - This may refer to military defeat. AT: "Now it is here, and they will not understand what is happening" +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "The people are very good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge + +Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the most upright + +"those of them who try hardest to do what is good" + +# It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment + +Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of "your" are plural. The word "watchmen" is a metaphor for prophets. AT: "Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now is the time of their confusion + +The abstract noun "confusion" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Now is when they do not understand what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/05.md b/mic/07/05.md index 783b7050d1..6a9d7c762d 100644 --- a/mic/07/05.md +++ b/mic/07/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] +Micah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Do not trust any neighbor ... people of his own house -* Micah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -* **Do not trust any neighbor…people of his own house** - Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family. +Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family. + +# a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his own house + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. AT: "his own family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/07.md b/mic/07/07.md index 1d8380420c..84f51cdd01 100644 --- a/mic/07/07.md +++ b/mic/07/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +In verse 8 Micah begins speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. All commands and instances of "you" are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# But as for me -* **But as for me** - Here "me" refers to Micah. -* **Do not rejoice over me** - Micah is not referring only to himself. He means the enemy should not rejoice over what happens to all the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **When I sit in darkness, Yahweh will be a light for me** - Micah refers to the disaster that is coming to the people of Israel as "darkness." He means even though God will let the enemy come destroy them now, he will come and rescue them in the future. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "me" refers to Micah. + +# I will wait for the God of my salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I will wait for the God who saves me" or "I will wait for God, who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will hear me + +The word "hear" represents hearing and acting. AT: "will act to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fall ... rise + +These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sit in darkness + +These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/09.md b/mic/07/09.md index 8d44d14238..7453d83ea3 100644 --- a/mic/07/09.md +++ b/mic/07/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Micah continues the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](./07.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will bear his rage -* **Because I sinned** - Micah is not only referring to himself. He means all the people of Israel have sinned. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **until he pleads my cause, and executes judgment for me** - This refers to when God decides he has punished his people enough. Then he will punish the people of the other nations who harmed the people of Israel. -* **He will bring me to the light** - AT: "He will come and save us from our enemies. It will be like bringing a person in the dark into the light" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Rage is spoken of as if it were a solid object that Yahweh was forcing Micah to carry. AT: "I will suffer because he is angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until he pleads my cause, and executes judgment for me + +Yahweh will punish the people of the other nations who harmed the people of Israel. + +# he pleads my cause + +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were defending Micah in court. AT: "he defends me against those who harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# executes judgment for me + +"brings about justice for me" + +# He will bring me to the light + +Bringing Micah from darkness ([Micah 7:8](./07.md)) to light is a metaphor for ending the suffering from disaster and enabling him to live well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rescue me in his justice + +"bring justice to me and rescue me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/10.md b/mic/07/10.md index b56fe46c16..dc700d1292 100644 --- a/mic/07/10.md +++ b/mic/07/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Micah continues and ends the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](./07.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my enemy ... the one who said ... your God ... My eyes -* **Then my enemy** - Micah refers not only to himself. He means the enemy of all the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Where is Yahweh your God?** - The enemy uses a question to mock the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh your God cannot help you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **My eyes** - AT: "I" or "We" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **will look at her** - Here "her" refers to the enemies who harmed the people of Israel. -* **she will be trampled down** - AT: "their enemies will trample them down" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The words "enemy," "one," "your," and "my" here refer to the women in the poem and so are feminine singular. + +# Where is Yahweh your God? + +The enemy uses a question to mock the people of Israel. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh your God cannot help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# My eyes + +This phrase here refers to the whole person. AT: "I" or "We" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# she will be trampled down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "her enemies will trample her down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# like the mud in the streets + +People who walk on mud without thinking they are doing anything bad are compared with those who will destroy Israel's enemies without thinking they are doing anything evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/11.md b/mic/07/11.md index 45b5c16b42..2d9b5eef6f 100644 --- a/mic/07/11.md +++ b/mic/07/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea]] +Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# A day to build your walls will come -* **A day to build your walls will come** - Here "walls" refers to the walls around their cities, which provided safety and security from their enemies. -* **the boundaries will be extended very far** - AT: "Yahweh will greatly extend the boundaries of your land" or "Yahweh will greatly increase the size of your kingdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **And those lands will be abandoned** - AT: "And those lands will be empty" or "And no one will live in those lands" +Here "walls" refers to the walls around their cities, which provided safety and security from their enemies. + +# the boundaries will be extended very far + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will greatly extend the boundaries of your land" or "Yahweh will greatly increase the size of your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the River + +You may need to make explicit the name of river. AT: "the Euphrates River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from sea to sea + +You may need to make explicit the names of the seas. "from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Dead Sea in the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from mountain to mountain + +"from one mountain to another." Micah does not speak of any particular mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the land will be desolate + +"the land will be empty" or "no one will live in the land" + +# because of the fruit of their actions + +Fruit is a metaphor for the results of an earlier action. AT: "because of the results of what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/14.md b/mic/07/14.md index 6ae3d66c22..cc55902cf4 100644 --- a/mic/07/14.md +++ b/mic/07/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Shepherd your people with your rod, the flock of your inheritance -* [[en:tw:Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] +Micah is praying to Yahweh, asking him to protect his people of Israel again. Here "rod" refers to God's leadership and guidance, as a shepherd uses a stick to guide and protect his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They live alone in a thicket, in the midst of a pastureland -* **Shepherd your people with your rod, the flock of your inheritance** - Micah is praying to Yahweh, asking him to protect his people of Israel again. Here "rod" refers to God's leadership and guidance, as a shepherd uses a stick to guide and protect his sheep. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Even though they are living alone** - Micah means that some of the people are living where the ground is poor and they are isolated and cannot easily obtain needed goods. -* **in a forest by Mount Carmel let them feed in Bashan and Gilead** - These regions are known as rich land for growing food. So Micah is asking for further extension of the territory, one that had been lost by invaders years before. -* **as in ancient days** - This may refer to when Solomon was king. -* **I will show** - Here "I" refers to Yahweh. +Micah speaks of his people as if they were wild animals hiding in bushes instead of livestock grazing in fields with much grass to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a thicket + +a place where many small woody plants grow + +# Bashan and Gilead + +These regions are known as rich land for growing food. + +# as in the old days + +Bashan and Gilead had been part of Israel long ago, when David was king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As in the days ... them wonders + +Yahweh speaks to the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/16.md b/mic/07/16.md index b663d182a3..9bb0f4a4ca 100644 --- a/mic/07/16.md +++ b/mic/07/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The nations -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:serpent|serpent, snake]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in many nations. AT: "The people of the nations nearby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They will put their hands on their mouths -* **They will put their hands on their mouths; their ears will be deaf** - This shows how dismayed they are, so much so they cannot respond. See the UDB. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They will lick the dust like a snake, like creatures that crawl on the earth. ** - Both phrases mean about the same thing. God's enemies will be completely humiliated and come to him in fear after they see the powerful things he does. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +They do this to show that they are ashamed of what they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# their ears will be deaf + +This is an idiom. Nothing anyone says will have any effect on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They will lick the dust like a snake + +Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people 1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or 2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# their dens + +The people are spoken of as if they were animals, because animals live in "dens". AT: "their homes" or "their hiding places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/18.md b/mic/07/18.md index 4aed15c888..8a7c31a8af 100644 --- a/mic/07/18.md +++ b/mic/07/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Who is a God like you—who takes ... inheritance? -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] +Micah is emphasizing that there is no God like Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I know that there is no God like you, who takes ... inheritance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the remnant of his inheritance -* **Who is a God like you** - Micah uses a question to emphasize that there is no else who does the things that Yahweh does. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the remnant of your inheritance ** - "those of us your chosen people who have survived your punishment " +"those of his chosen people who have survived his punishment" + +# you ... of the remnant of his inheritance? He does not keep his anger forever, because he delights in his covenant faithfulness. + +Here the words "his" and "he" can be stated in second person. AT: "you ... of the remnant of your inheritance, who do not keep your anger forever, because you delight in your covenant faithfulness?" or "you ... of the remnant of your inheritance? You do not keep your anger forever, because you delights in your covenant faithfulness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he delights in his covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "he delights in being faithful to his covenant" or "he delights in being faithful to his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# passes over + +ignores + +# does not keep his anger + +"does not stay angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/19.md b/mic/07/19.md index 3aa82c0258..71dabcd075 100644 --- a/mic/07/19.md +++ b/mic/07/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You will -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:abraham|Abraham, Abram]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# on us -* **You will** - Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **on us** - Here "us" refers to Micah and the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **you will trample our iniquities under your feet. You will throw all our sins into the depths of the sea** - This means God will completely forgive the people's sins and will no longer punish the people for them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Give truth to Jacob and covenant faithfulness to Abraham** - Here "Jacob" and "Abraham," who are ancestors of the nation of Israel, refer to the people of Israel now. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to our ancestors** - This refers to Abraham and Jacob, and maybe others who were alive when God made his covenant with Israel. +Here "us" refers to Micah and the people, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# you will trample our iniquities under your feet. You will throw all our sins into the depths of the sea + +Iniquity and sin are spoken of as if they were solid objects. AT: "You will treat our iniquities and sins as if they were not important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will give truth to Jacob and covenant faithfulness to Abraham + +Here the names of Jacob and Abraham are metonyms for their descendants, the people of Israel to whom Micah was speaking. The abstract nouns "truth" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "trustworthy" and "faithful." AT: "You will show the descendants of Jacob and Abraham that your are trustworthy and faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/intro.md b/mic/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1bb646e642 --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Micah 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Last days ##### +This chapter looks forward to the hope of the coming savior for the faithful remnant. This is the future restoration of Israel when true peace will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/savior]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +== Prophet== +The prophet was able to speak to God on behalf of the people. Often in this chapter, the prophet speaks in Israel's place and offers repentance to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/front/intro.md b/mic/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40f0cd55ca --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# Introduction to Micah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Micah #### + +1. God promises to punish the northern and the southern kingdoms (1:1–16) +1. The guilt of those who take advantage of others + - The guilt of the rich who oppress the poor (2:1–11) + - Promise of deliverance and restoration (2:12–13) + - Condemnation of rulers, priests and prophets (3:1–12) + -Yahweh's victory for all Israel + - Yahweh's kingdom will rule over all the nations (4:1–10) + - Israel will first be destroyed, and then will be victorious over its enemies (4:11–13) + - Messiah will come and shepherd his flock and devastate the nations who fought against him (5:1–6) + - Messiah will destroy everything that harmed his people (5:7–15) +1. Yahweh's case against Israel + - Yahweh reminds Israel when he led them out of slavery in Egypt (6:1–5) + - Israel's punishment, and true repentance (6:6–16) +1. The misery of Israel and their restoration + - The brokenness and misery of Israel (7:1–7) + - The coming together of nations in Israel (7:8–13) + - The incomparable view of Yahweh who restores and gives grace (7:14–20) + +#### What is the Book of Micah about? #### + +The Book of Micah is a collection of many prophetic pronouncements. Micah repeated many of the great prophetic themes in Isaiah. He began his ministry in the kingdom of Israel and then moved to the kingdom of Judah. Micah warned of the pending attacks of Assyria and the coming fall of both kingdoms. Micah condemned injustice and immorality. He denounced those who did not work for a living and he renounced the false prophets who were giving Israel and Judah a sense of false security, by telling them that they were safe and that Yahweh would protect and deliver them. + +Micah appealed to the people to live righteous and holy lives because of their connection with Yahweh. Their sins were evidence that they were not worshiping and serving Yahweh. The way they lived their lives, especially how they treated their fellow countrymen, proved the failure of their faith and showed that they had lost their love for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### +Translators may decided to translate the traditional title "The Book of Micah" in a way that is clearer to the readers. They may decide to call it, "The Sayings of Micah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote Micah? #### + +Micah probably wrote this book. Micah lived at the same time as Isaiah and Hosea (in the mid to late 8th century BC) during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## +#### Who is the deliverer Micah mentions? #### + +Micah frequently mentions a king who will deliver the people. While he is not directly mentioned to be the Messiah, it becomes clear that the person Micah mentions is the Messiah, the descendant of David who will rule forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Were the Israelites required to offer sacrifices or live holy lives to please Yahweh? #### + +While much of the Old Testament focuses on offering sacrifices according to the law of Moses, Micah explains to the people that Yahweh is only pleased when the people offer these sacrifices in faith. Without faith sacrifices become empty religious practices. True faith will result in the people living just lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why does Micah 1:10-16 sound unusual? #### + +This passage sounds unusual because of its construction in Hebrew, called a play on words. The names of the cities are used to describe their destruction. "Lachish will be lashed" is an example of this type of construction. This is a poetic element that might not correspond to the actual way they will be punished. + +#### What does a translator need to know before translating Micah? #### + +Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator's failure to understand implicit information unless they have a solid understanding of the time of Micah's ministry. It is therefore suggested that translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### How do I translate passages where the speaker or addressee is not mentioned explicitly? #### + +Micah often fails to mention who is speaking or who is being addressed. The context of the quote will often help the reader to understand who is speaking or being addressed. It is acceptable to make this information explicit so the reader can more easily understand it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### How should the text of Micah be formatted? #### +The ULB tries to replicate the same poetic format as the Hebrew text. Many languages will be capable of replicating this but some languages will not be capable of doing this. The poetic portions of the text have been set apart through the use of indentation. With the exception of the first verse, the entire book is indented because the book is written as a series of poetic prophecies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/01.md b/mrk/01/01.md index 5df64a9c11..0718c2e83a 100644 --- a/mrk/01/01.md +++ b/mrk/01/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +The book of Mark begins with the prophet Isaiah's foretelling the coming of John the Baptist who baptizes Jesus. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **your...your** - singular (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Make ready the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight** - These two commands mean the same thing: "Prepare" to meet someone important. If they are the same in your language, you can omit the second sentence, as the UDB does. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The author is Mark, also called John Mark, who is the son of one of the several women named Mary mentioned in the four Gospels. He is also the nephew of Barnabas. + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# before your face + +This is an idiom that means "ahead of you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your face ... your way + +Here the word "your" refers to Jesus and is singular. When you translate this, use the pronoun "your" because this is a quote from a prophet, and he did not use Jesus' name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the one + +This refers to the messenger. + +# will prepare your way + +Doing this represents preparing the people for the Lord's arrival. AT: "will prepare the people for your arrival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The voice of one calling out in the wilderness + +This can be expressed as a sentence. AT: "The voice of one calling out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone calling out in the wilderness" + +# Make ready the way of the Lord ... make his paths straight + +These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Make ready the way of the Lord + +"Get the road ready for the Lord." Doing this represents being prepared to hear the Lord's message when he comes. People do this by repenting of their sins. AT: "Prepare to hear the Lord's message when he comes" or "Repent and be ready for the Lord to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/04.md b/mrk/01/04.md index 7ad73dc762..052223c087 100644 --- a/mrk/01/04.md +++ b/mrk/01/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +In these verses the words "he," "him," and "his" refer to John. -## translationNotes +# John came -* **As John came** - Be sure your reader understands that John was the one spoken of in [[:en:bible:notes:mrk:01:01]]. -* **he...him...his** - John -* **All the country of Judea and all the people of Jerusalem** - "many people from Judea and Jerusalem ." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Be sure your reader understands that John was the messenger spoken of by the prophet Isaiah in the previous verse. + +# The whole country of Judea and all the people of Jerusalem + +The words "whole country" are a metaphor for the people who live in the country and a generalization that refers to a great number of people, not to every single person. AT: "Many people from Judea and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# They were baptized by him ... confessing their sins + +These two actions happened simultaneously. The people were baptized because they repented of their sins. AT: "When they repented of their sins, John baptized them in the Jordan River" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/07.md b/mrk/01/07.md index d53c55dac8..4fc58ee139 100644 --- a/mrk/01/07.md +++ b/mrk/01/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He proclaimed -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +"John proclaimed" -## translationNotes +# I am not worthy even to stoop down to untie the strap of his sandals -* **He preached** - John ([[:en:bible:notes:mrk:01:01]]) preached -* **I am not worthy even to stoop down to untie the strap of his sandals** - John is saying that he does not deserve to do the most unpleasant work of a servant. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **stoop down** - "bend down" -* **baptize you with the Holy Spirit** - Spiritual baptism brings people into contact with the Holy Spirit like water baptism brings people into contact with water. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +John is comparing himself to a servant to show how great Jesus is. AT: "I am not even worthy to do the lowly task of removing his shoes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the strap of his sandals + +At the time Jesus was alive, people wore sandals that were often made of leather and tied to the foot with leather straps. + +# stoop down + +"bend down" + +# but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit + +This metaphor compares John's baptism with water to the future baptism with the Holy Spirit. This means John's baptism only symbolically cleanses people of their sins. The baptism by the Holy Spirit will truly cleanse people of their sins. If possible, use the same word for "baptize" here as you used for John's baptism to keep the comparison between the two. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/09.md b/mrk/01/09.md index e5eda73cf1..58fc796e1d 100644 --- a/mrk/01/09.md +++ b/mrk/01/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened in those days -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] +This marks the beginning of a new event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# he was baptized by John +This can be stated in active form. AT: "John baptized him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Spirit coming down on him like a dove + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus like a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or 2) the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# A voice came out of the heavens + +This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. AT: "God spoke from the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# beloved Son + +This is an important title for Jesus. The Father calls Jesus his "beloved Son" because of his eternal love for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/12.md b/mrk/01/12.md index a5b24714cb..a49fb7c04f 100644 --- a/mrk/01/12.md +++ b/mrk/01/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] +After Jesus' baptism, he is in the wilderness for 40 days and then goes to Galilee to teach and call his disciples. -## translationNotes +# compelled him to go out -* **compelled him to go out** - drove Jesus out forcefully. -* **He was in the wilderness** - "He stayed in the wilderness" -* **forty days** - "40 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **He was with** - "He was among" +"drove Jesus out forcefully" + +# He was in the wilderness + +"He stayed in the wilderness" + +# forty days + +"40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He was with + +"He was among" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/14.md b/mrk/01/14.md index f78734f69f..0448281044 100644 --- a/mrk/01/14.md +++ b/mrk/01/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# after John was arrested -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +"after John was placed in prison." This can be stated in active form. AT: "after they arrested John" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# proclaiming -* **after John was arrested** - "after John was placed in prison". Alternate translation: "after they arrested John" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **proclaimed the gospel of God** - "preached the good news that came from God" -* **The time is fulfilled** - "It is now time" +"preaching" + +# The time is fulfilled + +"It is now time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/16.md b/mrk/01/16.md index 2ce2b5a9c3..8499b85eba 100644 --- a/mrk/01/16.md +++ b/mrk/01/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he saw Simon and Andrew -* [[en:tw:andrew]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] +"Jesus saw Simon and Andrew" -## translationNotes +# casting a net in the sea -* **he saw Simon and Andrew** - "Jesus saw Simon and Andrew" -* **casting a net** - "throwing a net" -* **for they were fishermen** - "because they were fishermen" -* **Come after me** - "Follow me" -* **I will make you become fishers of men** - He will teach them how to gather people just as they have been gathering fish. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they left the nets and went after him** - "they left their work as fishermen to become followers of Jesus." +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "throwing a net into the water to catch fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Come, follow me + +"Follow me" or "Come with me" + +# I will make you fishers of men + +This metaphor means Simon and Andrew will teach people God's true message, so others will also follow Jesus. AT: "I will teach you to gather men to me like you gather fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/19.md b/mrk/01/19.md index 41e10ae1c5..d88ad2c365 100644 --- a/mrk/01/19.md +++ b/mrk/01/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in the boat -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:zebedee]] +It can be assumed that this boat belongs to James and John. AT: "in their boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# mending the nets -* **in the boat** - "in their boat" -* **mending the nets** - "repairing the nets" -* **hired servants** - "servants who worked for them" -* **they followed him** - "James and John went with Jesus" +"repairing the nets" + +# called them + +It may be helpful to state clearly why Jesus called to James and John. AT: "called them to come with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# hired servants + +"servants who worked for them" + +# they followed him + +James and John went with Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/21.md b/mrk/01/21.md index ee77885a7a..febe56dcfc 100644 --- a/mrk/01/21.md +++ b/mrk/01/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +In the town of Capernaum on the Sabbath Jesus teaches in the synagogue. He sends a demon out of a man, which amazes the people in all the nearby area around Galilee. -## translationNotes +# came into Capernaum +"arrived at Capernaum" + +# as someone who has authority and not as the scribes + +There are words left out in this statement that can be added. AT: "as someone who has authority taught and not as the scribes taught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/23.md b/mrk/01/23.md index d2a4e1937d..ed59e7ae17 100644 --- a/mrk/01/23.md +++ b/mrk/01/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What do we have to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +The demons ask this rhetorical question meaning there is no reason for Jesus to interfere with them and that they desire him to leave them. AT: "Jesus of Nazareth, leave us alone! There is no reason for you to interfere with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Have you come to destroy us? -* **their synagogue** - This is the worship place Jesus and his disciples had walked into, which was also where he had started teaching. -* **Have you come to destroy us** - Alternate translation: "Do not destroy us" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The demons ask this rhetorical question to urge Jesus not to harm them. AT: "Do not destroy us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# threw him down + +Here the word "him" refers to the demon-possessed man. + +# while crying out with a loud voice + +The demon is the one who is crying out, not the man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/27.md b/mrk/01/27.md index 99dbdf7863..a560705229 100644 --- a/mrk/01/27.md +++ b/mrk/01/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# they asked each other, "What is this? A new teaching with authority? ... and they obey him!" -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] +The people used the two questions to show how amazed they were. The questions can be expressed as exclamations. AT: "they said to each other, 'This is amazing! He gives a new teaching, and he speaks with authority! ... and they obey him!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# He even commands +The word "He" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/29.md b/mrk/01/29.md index 18368df33e..68a4743352 100644 --- a/mrk/01/29.md +++ b/mrk/01/29.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:andrew]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +After healing the demon-possessed man, Jesus healed Simon's mother-in-law as well as many other people. -## translationNotes +# Now Simon's mother-in-law was lying sick with a fever -* **after they left** - after Jesus, Simon, and Andrew left -* **the fever left her** - Alternate translation: "Simon's mother-in-law was healed from the fever she had" -* **she started serving them** - Alternate translation: "she provided them with food and drinks" +The word "Now" introduces Simon's mother-in-law to the story and gives background information about her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the fever left her + +It can be shown clearly who healed her. AT: "Jesus healed her of the fever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# she started serving them + +It is implied that food was served. AT: "she provided them with food and drinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/32.md b/mrk/01/32.md index 73698a1507..9d8646bba2 100644 --- a/mrk/01/32.md +++ b/mrk/01/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demonpossessed]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] +Here the words "him" and "he" refer to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# all who were sick or possessed by demons -* **"him...He...he...him** - Jesus -* **The whole city gathered together at the door** - "Many people from that city gathered outside the door" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize the great number of people who came. AT: "many who were sick or possessed by demons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# The whole city gathered together at the door + +The word "city" is a metonym for the people who lived in the city. Here the word "whole" is probably a generalization to emphasize that most people from the city gathered. AT: "Many people from that city gathered outside the door" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/35.md b/mrk/01/35.md index abd7d53bfc..a84d4182a2 100644 --- a/mrk/01/35.md +++ b/mrk/01/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Jesus takes time to pray in the midst of his time of healing people. He then goes to towns throughout Galilee to preach, heal, and cast out demons. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **a solitary place** - "a place where he could be alone" -* **Everyone is looking for you** - Alternate translation: "Many people are looking for you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Here the words "he" and "him" refer to Jesus. + +# a solitary place + +"a place where he could be alone" + +# Simon and those who were with him + +Here "him" refers to Simon. Also, those with him include Andrew, James, John, and possibly other people. + +# Everyone is looking for you + +The word "Everyone" is an exaggeration to emphasize the very many people who were looking for Jesus. AT: "Many people are looking for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/38.md b/mrk/01/38.md index 48c57df1b0..5615a07442 100644 --- a/mrk/01/38.md +++ b/mrk/01/38.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Here the words "he" and "I" refer to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# Let us go elsewhere -* **He...He...he...he** - Jesus -* **Let us go elsewhere** - "We need to go to some other place." -* **He went throughout all Galilee** - "He went to many places in Galilee" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"We need to go to some other place." Here Jesus uses the word "us" to refer to himself, along with Simon, Andrew, James, and John. + +# He went throughout all of Galilee + +The words "throughout all" are an exaggeration used to emphasize that Jesus went to many locations during his ministry. AT: "He went to many places in Galilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/40.md b/mrk/01/40.md index 6d569c8bae..049367a0be 100644 --- a/mrk/01/40.md +++ b/mrk/01/40.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A leper came to him. He was begging him; he knelt down and said to him -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] +"A leper came to Jesus. He knelt down and was begging Jesus and said" -## translationNotes +# If you are willing, you can make me clean -* **A leper came to him; he was begging him as he knelt down. He said to him** - "A leper came to Jesus; the leper was begging Jesus as the leper knelt down. The leper said to Jesus" -* **If you are willing** - "If you desire to make me clean" -* **you can make me clean** - "you can heal me" People with leprosy were considered unclean and were cast out from society, but when the leprosy was gone, the man could return to society. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I am willing** - "I desire to make you clean" +The phrase "to make me clean" is understood from the next phrase. AT: "If you are willing to make me clean, then you can make me clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# are willing + +"want" or "desire" + +# you can make me clean + +In biblical times, a person who had certain skin diseases was considered unclean until the skin was healed enough to no longer be contagious. AT: "you can heal me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Moved with compassion, Jesus + +Here the word "moved" is an idiom meaning to feel emotion about another's need. AT: "Having compassion for him, Jesus" or "Jesus felt compassion for the man, so he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am willing + +It may be helpful to state what Jesus is willing to do. AT: "I am willing to make you clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/43.md b/mrk/01/43.md index 2b66bb6b11..a92ade0294 100644 --- a/mrk/01/43.md +++ b/mrk/01/43.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +The word "him" used here refers to the leper whom Jesus healed. -## translationNotes +# Be sure to say nothing to anyone -* **him...him...him** - the leper who was healed -* **show yourself** - "show your skin" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Be sure to not say anything to anyone" + +# show yourself to the priest + +Jesus told the man to show himself to the priest so that the priest could look at his skin to see if his leprosy was really gone. It was required in the law of Moses for a man to present himself to the priest if he had been cleansed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# show yourself + +The word "yourself" here represents the skin of the leper. AT: "show your skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a testimony to them + +It is best to use the pronoun "them," if possible, in your language. Possible meanings are 1) "a testimony to the priests" or 2) "a testimony to the people." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/45.md b/mrk/01/45.md index ef734da487..5c91abfb93 100644 --- a/mrk/01/45.md +++ b/mrk/01/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But he went -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +The word "he" refers to the man Jesus healed. -## translationNotes +# tell everyone ... spread the word -* **he went...he spread** - "the man went out...the man spread" -* **tell everyone...spread the word** - These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the man told a lot of people (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **everyone** - everyone he met (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Jesus was unable to go freely into any town** - "The crowds prevented Jesus from moving freely in towns" -* **from everywhere** - "from all over the region" (UDB) +These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that the man told a lot of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# everyone + +The word "everyone" is an exaggeration to emphasize how very many people he told. AT: "many people he met" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Jesus could no longer freely enter into any town + +It is implied that the large crowds prevented Jesus from being able to enter the towns because the crowds made it difficult for him to walk around there. AT: "the crowds prevented Jesus from moving freely in towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# solitary places + +"lonely places" or "places where no one lived" + +# from everywhere + +The word "everywhere" is a hyperbole used to emphasize how very many places the people came from. AT: "from all over the region" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/intro.md b/mrk/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..36377cd39d --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Mark 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of [Mark 1:2-3](./01.md), which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "You can make me clean" ##### +Leprosy was a disease of the skin that made a person unclean and unable to properly worship God. Jesus is capable of making people physically "clean" or healthy as well as spiritually "clean" or right with God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Past Events ##### +Parts of this chapter are a sequence of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Mark sometimes writes as if the events have already occurred while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time that he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. (See: [Mark 1:4-5](./04.md)) + +##### "The kingdom of God is near" ##### + +Scholars debate whether the "kingdom of God" was present at this time or is something that is still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty for translators. Other versions use the phase "is coming" and "has come near." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Mark intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/01.md b/mrk/02/01.md index a1c6a1ee89..511668cadb 100644 --- a/mrk/02/01.md +++ b/mrk/02/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +After preaching and healing people throughout Galilee, Jesus returns to Capernaum where he heals and forgives the sin of a paralyzed man. -## translationNotes +# it was heard that he was at home -* **the people there heard he was in the house** - "the people there heard he was staying in the same house" -* **there was no longer room for them inside** - "there was no more room for them inside" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people there heard that he was staying at his home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# So many gathered there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so many people gathered" or "so many people came to the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there was no more space + +This refers to there being no space inside the house. AT: "there was no more room for them inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/03.md b/mrk/02/03.md index 0d83be56cc..0285c80503 100644 --- a/mrk/02/03.md +++ b/mrk/02/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# four people were carrying him -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +"four of them were carrying him." It is likely that there were more than four people within the group that brought the man to Jesus. -## translationNotes +# were bringing a paralyzed man -* **brought a paralyzed man** - "brought a man who was unable to walk or use his arms" -* **four people** - "4 people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **could not get near** - "could not get close to where Jesus was" +"were bringing a man who was unable to walk or use his arms" + +# could not get near him + +"could not get close to where Jesus was" + +# they removed the roof that was above Jesus ... made an opening + +Houses where Jesus lived had flat roofs made of clay and covered with tiles. The process of making a hole in the roof can be explained more clearly or made more general so that it may be understood in your language. AT: "they removed the tiles from the part of the roof above where Jesus was. And when they had dug through the clay roof" or "they made a hole in the roof above where Jesus was, and then they lowered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/05.md b/mrk/02/05.md index 6c00bb1dc2..0a0330d819 100644 --- a/mrk/02/05.md +++ b/mrk/02/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Seeing their faith -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"Seeing the men's faith." Possible meanings are 1) that only the men who carried the paralyzed man had faith or 2) that the paralyzed man and the men who brought him to Jesus all had faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Son -* **Seeing their faith** - "Knowing that the men had faith." This can mean 1) that only the men who carried the paralyzed man had faith or 2) that the paralyzed man and the men who carried him all had faith. -* **the paralyzed man** - "the man who could not walk" -* **Son** - Jesus was showing that he cared for the man as a father cares for a son. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your sins are forgiven** - This can mean 1) "God has forgiven your sins" (see 2:7) or "I have forgiven your sins" (see [[:en:bible:notes:mrk:02:10]]). -* **reasoned in their hearts** - "were thinking to themselves" -* **How can this man speak this way?** - "This man should not speak this way." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who can forgive sins but God alone?** - "Only God can forgive sins." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "Son" here shows Jesus cared for the man as a father cares for a son. AT: "My son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your sins are forgiven + +If possible translate this in such a way that Jesus does not clearly say who forgives the man's sins. AT: "your sins are gone" or "you do not have to pay for your sins" or "your sins do not count against you" + +# reasoned in their hearts + +Here "their hearts" is a metonym for the people's thoughts. AT: "were thinking to themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# How can this man speak this way? + +The scribes used this question to show their anger that Jesus said "Your sins are forgiven." AT: "This man should not speak this way!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who can forgive sins but God alone? + +The scribes used this question to say that since only God can forgive sins, then Jesus should not say "Your sins are forgiven." AT: "Only God can forgive sins!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/08.md b/mrk/02/08.md index 1712cab6fd..c58fd69a70 100644 --- a/mrk/02/08.md +++ b/mrk/02/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in his spirit -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"in his inner being" or "in himself" -## translationNotes +# they were thinking among themselves -* **they were thinking within themselves** - The scribes were thinking each to himself; they were not talking to each other. -* **Why are you thinking this in your hearts?** - Jesus is scolding the scribes for doubting his authority. Alternate translation: "You scribes are questioning my authority." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What is easier…?** - Jesus asked this question to remind the scribes that they believed that the man was paralyzed because of his sins and that if his sins were forgiven, he would be able to walk, so that when he healed the paralyzed man, the scribes would know that he could forgive sins. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What is easier to say...'Your sins are forgiven' or to say 'Get up...and walk'?** - "Is it easier to say...'Your sins are forgiven'? Or is it easier to say 'Get up...and walk'?" +Each of the scribes was thinking to himself; they were not talking to each other. + +# Why are you thinking this in your hearts? + +Jesus uses this question to tell the scribes that what they are thinking is wrong. AT: "What you are thinking is wrong." or "Do not think that I am blaspheming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this in your hearts + +The word "hearts" is a metonym for their inner thoughts and desires. AT: "this inside yourselves" or "these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What is easier to say to the paralyzed man ... take up your bed, and walk'? + +Jesus asked this question because the scribes believed the man was paralyzed because of his sins, and if the man's sins were forgiven, he would be able to walk. If Jesus healed the paralyzed man, the scribes would have to acknowledge that Jesus can forgive sins. Therefore, they would be acknowledging, too, that he was God. This question can be changed to a statement. AT: "It is easier to say to the paralyzed man 'Your sins are forgiven' than it is to say 'Get up, take up your bed, and walk!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/10.md b/mrk/02/10.md index 7495ab4aa1..f02a6affc3 100644 --- a/mrk/02/10.md +++ b/mrk/02/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But in order that you may know -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +"But so that you may know." The word "you" refers to the scribes and the crowd. -## translationNotes +# that the Son of Man has authority -* **that you may know** - "I will prove to you" -* **you** - the scribes and the crowd -* **he said to the paralytic** - "he said to the man who could not walk" -* **in front of them all** - "before the eyes of the crowd gathered there" +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." AT: "that I am the Son of Man and I have authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# in front of everyone + +"while all the people there were watching" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/13.md b/mrk/02/13.md index ff78a84b81..700eb5d244 100644 --- a/mrk/02/13.md +++ b/mrk/02/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:matthew]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] +Jesus is teaching the crowd beside the Sea of Galilee, and he calls Levi to follow him. -## translationNotes +# the lake -* **the crowd came to him** - "The people went where he was" +This is the Sea of Galilee, which is also known as the Lake of Gennesaret. + +# the crowd came to him + +"the people went where he was" + +# Levi son of Alphaeus + +Alpheus is Levi's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/15.md b/mrk/02/15.md index 07a96be4ce..a2c6289d81 100644 --- a/mrk/02/15.md +++ b/mrk/02/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:matthew]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:taxcollector]] +It is now later in the day, and Jesus is at Levi's house for a meal. -## translationNotes +# Levi's house -* **Levi's house** - "the home of Levi" -* **many tax collectors and sinful people were dining with Jesus and his disciples, for there were many who followed him.** - "many tax collectors and sinful people who followed Jesus were dining with him and his disciples" -* **"Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinful people?"** - The scribes and Pharisees were showing that they disapproved of what Jesus was doing. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] Alternate translation: "He should not eat and drink with sinners and men who collect taxes." +"the home of Levi" + +# sinful people + +The Pharisees used the phrase "sinful people" to refer to people who did not keep the law as well as the Pharisees thought they should. + +# for there were many and they followed him + +Possible meanings are 1) "for there were many tax collectors and sinful people who followed Jesus" or 2) "for Jesus had many disciples and they followed him." + +# Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinful people? + +The scribes and Pharisees asked this question to show they disapproved of Jesus' hospitality. This can be worded as a statement. AT: "He should not eat with sinners and tax collectors!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/17.md b/mrk/02/17.md index 8b4da63f28..fe38996e31 100644 --- a/mrk/02/17.md +++ b/mrk/02/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Jesus responds to what the scribes had said to his disciples about his eating with tax collectors and sinful people. -## translationNotes +# he said to them -* **he said to them** - "he said to the Pharisees" -* **"People who are strong in body do not need a physician; only people who are sick need one** - Jesus is using a metaphor that he explains in the next sentence. He came for people who know they are sinners, not those who believe they are righteous.(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I did not come to call righteous people, but sinful people** - "I came for people who understand they are sinful, not people who believe they are righteous" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +"he said to the scribes" + +# People who are strong in body do not need a physician; only people who are sick need one + +Jesus used this proverb about sick people and doctors to teach them that only people who know that they are sinful realize that they need Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# strong in body + +"healthy" + +# I did not come to call righteous people, but sinful people + +Jesus expects his hearers to understand he came for those who want help. AT: "I came for people who understand they are sinful, not for people who believe they are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# but sinful people + +The words "I came to call" are understood from the phrase before this. AT: "but I came to call sinful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/18.md b/mrk/02/18.md index 89b682195e..a9dbdf7175 100644 --- a/mrk/02/18.md +++ b/mrk/02/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +Jesus tells parables to show why his disciples should not fast while he is with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# the Pharisees were fasting ... the disciples of the Pharisees -* **Can the wedding attendants fast while the bridegroom is still with them?** - With this rhetorical question Jesus is making a comparison between himself and his disciples and a bridegroom and his friends. At a wedding celebration, people feast. They do not fast. See the UDB for a way to translate this as a statement. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]].) +These two phrases refer to the same group of people, but the second is more specific. Both refer to the followers of the Pharisee sect, but they do not focus on the leaders of the Pharisees. AT: "the disciples of the Pharisees were fasting ... the disciples of the Pharisees" + +# Some people + +"Some men." It is best to translate this phrase without specifying exactly who these men are. If in your language you have to be more specific, the possible meanings are 1) these men were not among John's disciples or the disciples of the Pharisees or 2) these men were among John's disciples. + +# came and said to him + +"came and said to Jesus" + +# Can the wedding attendants fast while the bridegroom is still with them? + +Jesus uses this question to remind the people of something they already know and to encourage them to apply it to him and his disciples. AT: "Wedding attendants do not fast while the bridegroom is with them. Rather they celebrate and feast." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/20.md b/mrk/02/20.md index 6ec8ee93a0..11256bb259 100644 --- a/mrk/02/20.md +++ b/mrk/02/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the bridegroom will be taken away -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the bridegroom will go away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# away from them ... they will fast -* **the bridegroom will be taken away** - Jesus is speaking of his death and resurrection and ascension, but neither those who kill Jesus nor God who raises him and takes him up to heaven are the ones who take the bridegroom away. If your language requires you to specify the actor, be as general as possible. Alternate translations: "they will take the bridegroom away" or "people will take the bridegroom away" or "the bridegroom will go away." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **them...they** - the wedding attendants -* **No man sews a piece of new cloth on an old garment** - Sewing a piece of new cloth on an old garment will make the hole on an old garment worse if the piece of new cloth is not yet shrunk. Both the new cloth and old garment will be ruined. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The word "them" and "they" refer to the wedding attendants. + +# No man sews a piece of new cloth on an old garment + +Sewing a piece of new cloth on an old garment will make the hole on an old garment worse if the piece of new cloth has not yet shrunk. Both the new cloth and old garment will be ruined. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# No man + +"No one." This phrase refers to all people, not just men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/22.md b/mrk/02/22.md index e122b58424..0efe688ec8 100644 --- a/mrk/02/22.md +++ b/mrk/02/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:wine]] +Jesus begins to tell another parable about putting new wine in old wineskins as opposed to new wineskins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# new wine -* **No man puts new wine into old wineskins** - This is a metaphor or parable to answer the question "Why do John's disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but your disciples do not fast?" ([[:en:bible:notes:mrk:02:17]]; See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **new wine** - "grape juice." This refers to wine that has not fermented yet. If grapes are unknown in your area, use the general term for fruit. -* **old wineskins** - This refers to wineskins that have been used many times. -* **wineskins ** - These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "skin bags" (UDB). -* **the wine would burst the skins** - When the new wine ferments and expands, they would tear open because they could no longer stretch out. -* **lost** - "ruined" (UDB) -* **fresh wineskins ** - "new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to wineskins that have never been used. +"grape juice." This refers to wine that has not fermented yet. If grapes are unknown in your area, use the general term for fruit. + +# old wineskins + +This refers to wineskins that have been used many times. + +# wineskins + +These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "skin bags" . + +# the wine will burst the skins + +New wine expands as it ferments, so it would cause old, brittle wineskins to tear open. + +# lost + +"ruined" + +# fresh wineskins + +"new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to wineskins that have never been used. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/23.md b/mrk/02/23.md index fe8b4b0fa4..312ef49258 100644 --- a/mrk/02/23.md +++ b/mrk/02/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +Jesus gives the Pharisees an example from scripture to show why the disciples were not wrong to pick grain on the Sabbath. -## translationNotes +# pick heads of grain ... doing something that is not lawful on the Sabbath day -* **Look, why are they doing something that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day?** - "Look! They are breaking the Jewish law concerning the Sabbath." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **pick heads of grain and eat it. ....doing something that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day** - Plucking grain in others' fields and eating it was not considered stealing (see UDB). The question was whether one could do this otherwise lawful activity on the Sabbath. -* **it** - the heads of grain -* **heads of grain** - This is the topmost part of the wheat plant, which is a kind of large grass. It holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. -* **Look** - Alternative translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +Plucking grain in others' fields and eating it was not considered stealing. The question was whether it was lawful to do this on the Sabbath. + +# pick heads of grain + +The disciples picked the heads of grain to eat them. This can be worded to show the full meaning. AT: "pick and eat heads of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# heads of grain + +This is the topmost part of the wheat plant, which is a kind of tall grass. It holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. + +# Look, why are they doing something that is not lawful on the Sabbath day? + +The Pharisees ask Jesus a question to condemn him. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Look! They are breaking the Jewish law concerning the Sabbath." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Look + +"Look at this" or "Listen." This is a word used to get the attention of someone to show them something. If there is a word in your language that is used to draw a person's attention to something, you could use that here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/25.md b/mrk/02/25.md index 20f1fa7b11..69af813aea 100644 --- a/mrk/02/25.md +++ b/mrk/02/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to them -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +"Jesus said to the Pharisees" -## translationNotes +# Have you never read what David ... those who were with him? -* Jesus continues teaching the Scribes and Pharisees about the Sabbath. -* **Have you not even read what David...with him? How he went** - Jesus knew that the Scribes and Pharisees had read the story. He is accusing them of wilfully misunderstanding it. Alternate translations: "Remember what David...with him and how he went" or "If you had understood what David...with him, you would know that he went" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Abiathar** - One of the high priests during the time of David in Jewish history. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **"How he went into the house of God** - "David entered the house of God" (UDB) +Jesus asks this question to remind the scribes and Pharisees of something David did on the Sabbath. The question is very long, so it can be divided into two sentences. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have you never read what David did when he was in need and hungry—he and the men who were with him—how he + +This can be stated as a command. AT: "Remember what you read about what David did when he and the men who were with him were in need and hungry, how he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# read what David + +Jesus refers to reading about David in the Old Testament. This can be translated showing the implicit information. AT: "read in the scriptures what David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# how he went into the house of God ... to those who were with him? + +This can be expressed as a statement separate from verse 25. AT: "He went into the house of God ... to those who were with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# how he went + +The word "he" refers to David. + +# bread of the presence + +This refers to the twelve loaves of bread that were placed on a golden table in the tabernacle or temple building as a sacrifice to God during Old Testament times. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/27.md b/mrk/02/27.md index 5c64a2adbc..6d1e7d2bda 100644 --- a/mrk/02/27.md +++ b/mrk/02/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The Sabbath was made for mankind -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus makes clear why God established the Sabbath. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God made the Sabbath for mankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# mankind -* Jesus continues teaching the Scribes and Pharisees about the Sabbath. +"man" or "people" or "the needs of people." This word here refers to both men and women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# not mankind for the Sabbath + +There are words missing from this statement that may be added to make it more clear. AT: "mankind was not made for the Sabbath" or "God did not make mankind for the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/intro.md b/mrk/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7a0095bb3e --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Mark 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Sinful people" ##### +Mark refers to a group of people as "sinful." The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality it was the leaders were truly being sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### Fasting and Feasting ##### +Fasting was often done during a time of repentance. It was not done during joyous times. This is used in contrast to weddings, which were a time of great joy and had a large feast. Having Jesus on the Earth was a cause of celebration for mankind. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Rhetorical questions are used several times in this chapter. The Jewish leaders used them to express disbelief and anger. Jesus used them to show the Jewish leaders their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/01.md b/mrk/03/01.md index 349cc7d700..52f26cc2d0 100644 --- a/mrk/03/01.md +++ b/mrk/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +Jesus heals a man on the Sabbath in the synagogue and shows how he feels about what the Pharisees had done with the Sabbath rules. The Pharisees and Herodians begin to plan to put Jesus to death. -## translationNotes +# Some people -* **Jesus walked into the synagogue** - "Jesus entered the synagogue" -* **a man with a withered hand** - "a man with a crippled hand" -* **They watched him to see if he would heal him** - "The Pharisees watched Jesus to see if he would heal the man with the withered hand" +"Some of the Pharisees." Later, in [Mark 3:6](./05.md), these people are identified as Pharisees. + +# a man with a withered hand + +"a man with a crippled hand" + +# Some people watched him closely to see if he would heal him + +"The Pharisees watched Jesus closely to see if he would heal the man with the withered hand" + +# accuse him + +The Pharisees wanted to accuse Jesus of breaking the law by the working on the Sabbath, should he heal the man. AT: "accuse him of wrongdoing" or "accuse him of breaking the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/03.md b/mrk/03/03.md index 740cea9d5f..ba2e108635 100644 --- a/mrk/03/03.md +++ b/mrk/03/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# in the middle of everyone -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +"in the middle of this crowd" -## translationNotes +# Is it lawful to do good on the Sabbath ... or to kill? -* **Get up and stand here in the middle of everyone.** - "Get up and stand here in the middle of this crowd." -* **Is it lawful...?** - Because the author notes that "they were silent," it seems that Jesus was challenging them and expecting an answer. Alternate translation: "You should know that it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath day and to do harm; to save a life, not to kill." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **lawful** - according to the Law of Moses +Jesus said this to challenge them. He wanted them to acknowledge that it is lawful to heal people on the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to do good on the Sabbath day or to do harm ... to save a life, or to kill + +These two phrases are similar in meaning, except that the second is more extreme. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to save a life, or to kill + +It may be helpful to repeat "is it lawful," as that is the question Jesus is asking again in another way. AT: "is it lawful to save a life or to kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a life + +This refers to physical life and is a metonym for a person. AT: "someone from dying" or "someone's life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But they were silent + +"But they refused to answer him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/05.md b/mrk/03/05.md index 7e80b7a481..75782bb768 100644 --- a/mrk/03/05.md +++ b/mrk/03/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# He looked around -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +"Jesus looked around" -## translationNotes +# was grieved -* **"Stretch out your hand"** - "Reach out with your hand" -* **Jesus restored his hand** - "Jesus healed his hand" or "Jesus made his hand the way it was before" -* **held counsel with the Herodians** - Alternate translation: "gathered with the Herodians" or "met and made plans with the Herodians" +"was deeply saddened" + +# their hardness of heart + +This metaphor describes how the Pharisees were unwilling to have compassion on the man with the withered hand. AT: "they were unwilling to have compassion on the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Stretch out your hand + +"Reach out with your hand" + +# his hand was restored + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "Jesus restored his hand" or "Jesus made his hand the way it was before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# began to plot + +"began to make a plan" + +# the Herodians + +This is the name of an informal political party that supported Herod Antipas. + +# how they might put him to death + +"how they might kill Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/07.md b/mrk/03/07.md index 0d98c2d8cd..929e003846 100644 --- a/mrk/03/07.md +++ b/mrk/03/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +Jesus continued to heal people as great crowd of people followed him when he wanted to get away. -## translationNotes +# the sea -* **heard all he was doing** - "heard about the great miracles that Jesus was performing" -* **they came to him** - "the crowd went to Jesus where he was" +This refers to the Sea of Galilee. + +# Idumea + +This is the region, previously known as Edom, which covered the southern half of the province of Judea. + +# the things he was doing + +This refers to the miracles Jesus was performing. AT: "the great miracles that Jesus was performing" + +# came to him + +"came to where Jesus was" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/09.md b/mrk/03/09.md index d29e33a987..f747b88127 100644 --- a/mrk/03/09.md +++ b/mrk/03/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He asked his disciples to have a small boat ... not crush him -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] +As the large crowd was pushing forward toward Jesus, he was in danger of being crushed. In the UDB, verses 9-10 are bridged and state this implicit information clearly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# He asked his disciples -* **He said to his disciples to have a boat ready for him** - "Jesus said to his disciples: Get a boat ready for me.'" -* **the pressure of the crowd was so great** - "the crowd pushed forward in order to touch him" (UDB) -* **all who had afflictions pressed upon him** - "All the sick pushed forward trying to touch him" +"Jesus told his disciples" + +# For he healed many, so that + +The word "many" refers to the large number of people Jesus had already healed. AT: "Because Jesus had healed many people, everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# everyone who had afflictions eagerly approached him in order to touch him + +"all the sick people pushed forward eagerly trying to touch him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/11.md b/mrk/03/11.md index 3162c35e1c..7bd8617953 100644 --- a/mrk/03/11.md +++ b/mrk/03/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# saw him -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +"saw Jesus" -## translationNotes +# they fell down ... cried out, and they said -* **they...they...them** - the people who were under the control of the unclean spirits +Here "they" refers to the unclean spirits. It is they who are causing the people they possess to do things. This can be made explicit. AT: "they caused the people they were possessing to fall down before him and to cry out to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they fell down before him + +The unclean spirits did not fall down before Jesus because they loved him or wanted to worship him. They fell down before him because they were afraid of him. + +# You are the Son of God + +Jesus has power over unclean spirits because he is the "Son of God." + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# He strictly ordered them + +"Jesus strictly ordered the unclean spirits" + +# not to make him known + +"not to reveal who he was" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/13.md b/mrk/03/13.md index f78dd8a4d1..992e72fc6f 100644 --- a/mrk/03/13.md +++ b/mrk/03/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +Jesus chooses the men he wants to be his apostles. -## translationNotes +# so that they might be with him and he might send them to proclaim the message -* **so that they might be with him and he might send them to preach** - "so that they would be with him and he would send them to preach" or "to be with him and for him to send them out to preach" (UDB) +"so that they would be with him and he would send them to proclaim the message" + +# Simon, to whom he gave the name Peter + +The author begins to list the names of the twelve apostles. Simon is the first man listed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/17.md b/mrk/03/17.md index c6205b496b..d188ab4819 100644 --- a/mrk/03/17.md +++ b/mrk/03/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to whom he gave -* [[en:tw:andrew]] -* [[en:tw:bartholomew]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofalphaeus]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:matthew]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:philiptheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:thomas]] +The phrase "to whom" refers to both James son of Zebedee and his brother John. -## translationNotes +# the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder -* **Thaddeus** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Jesus called them this because they were like thunder. AT: "the name Boanerges, which means men who are like thunder" or "the name Boanerges, which means thunder men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Thaddaeus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who would betray him + +"who would betray Jesus" The word "who" refers to Judas Iscariot. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/20.md b/mrk/03/20.md index 9fe0a0bcbb..86fdfff554 100644 --- a/mrk/03/20.md +++ b/mrk/03/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he went home -* [[en:tw:beelzebul]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +"Then Jesus went to the house where he was staying." -## translationNotes +# they could not even eat bread -* **"the crowd gathered again so much so that they could not even eat"** - "again the crowd grew so large that they did not have time to eat" or "Again a crowd gathered where he was staying. Many people crowded around him. He and his disciples did not even have time to eat." (UDB) -* **"they went out to seize him"** - Members of his family went to the house so that they could take hold of him and force him to go home with them. +The word "bread" represents food. AT: "Jesus and his disciples could not eat at all" or "they could not eat anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they went out to seize him + +Members of his family went to the house, so that they could take hold of him and force him to go home with them. + +# for they said + +Possible meanings for the word "they" are 1) his relatives or 2) some people in the crowd. + +# out of his mind + +Jesus' family uses this idiom to describe how they think he is acting. AT: "crazy" or "insane" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# By the ruler of the demons he drives out demons + +"By the power of Beelzebul who is the ruler of the demons, Jesus drives out demons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/23.md b/mrk/03/23.md index 7f9b1458cf..1ceedad9f9 100644 --- a/mrk/03/23.md +++ b/mrk/03/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +Jesus explains with a parable why he is not controlled by Satan and that those who do the will of God are the same as being his brother, and sister, and mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Jesus called them to him -* **How can Satan cast out Satan?** - "Satan would not cast himself out" or "Satan will not go against his own evil spirits" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Jesus called the people to come to him" + +# How can Satan cast out Satan? + +Jesus asked this rhetorical question in response to the scribes saying that he cast out demons by Beelzebul. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Satan cannot cast out himself!" or "Satan does not go against his own evil spirits!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If a kingdom is divided against itself + +The word "kingdom" is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. AT: "If the people who live in a kingdom are divided against each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cannot stand + +This phrase is a metaphor meaning that the people will no longer be united and they will fall. AT: "cannot endure" or "will fall"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# house + +This is a metonym for the people who live in a house. AT: "family" or "household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/26.md b/mrk/03/26.md index 3bd926dc91..8282898ef4 100644 --- a/mrk/03/26.md +++ b/mrk/03/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# If Satan has risen up against himself and is divided -* [[en:tw:satan]] +The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that refers back to Satan, and it is also a metonym for his evil spirits. AT: "If Satan and his evil spirits were fighting one another" or "If Satan and his evil spirits have risen up against each other and are divided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# is not able to stand +This is a metaphor meaning he will fall and cannot endure. AT: "will cease to be united" or "cannot endure and has come to an end" or "will fall and has come to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plunder + +to steal a person's valuables and possessions \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/28.md b/mrk/03/28.md index bc8036e173..1c40ef32da 100644 --- a/mrk/03/28.md +++ b/mrk/03/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly I say to you -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. -## translationNotes +# the sons of men +"those who have been born of man." This expression is used to emphasize peoples' humanity. AT: "people" + +# utter + +"speak" + +# they were saying + +"the people were saying" + +# has an unclean spirit + +This is an idiom that means to be possessed by an unclean spirit. AT: "is possessed by an unclean spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/31.md b/mrk/03/31.md index 95cec0e30b..91c7fa213f 100644 --- a/mrk/03/31.md +++ b/mrk/03/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] +This refers to Jesus' siblings. -## translationNotes +# They sent for him, summoning him -* **They sent to him and they called for him.** - "Jesus' mother and younger brothers sent someone inside to tell him that they were outside and to have him come out to them." +"They sent someone inside to tell him that they were outside and to have him come out to them" + +# are looking for you + +"are asking for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/33.md b/mrk/03/33.md index 7405390207..80e79720cd 100644 --- a/mrk/03/33.md +++ b/mrk/03/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] - -## translationNotes +# that person is my brother, and sister, and mother +"those people are my brother, my sister, and my mother" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/intro.md b/mrk/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d202b660b --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Mark 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sabbath ##### +It was against the law of Moses to do work on the Sabbath. The Pharisees believed healing a sick person on the Sabbath was "work" and they prohibited it. Because of his compassion, Jesus healed on the Sabbath and did not consider it to be "work." It is ironic that the Jewish leaders wanted to kill Jesus for saving people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### "Blasphemy against the Spirit" ##### + +There is a great deal of controversy regarding properly identifying this specific sin. However, it seems to involve insulting the Holy Spirit and his work. Since part of his work is to convince people that they are sinners and that they need God's forgiveness, anyone who rejected this truth would be unwilling to come in repentance to God. For this reason, they would not be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The twelve disciples ##### + +The following is the list of the twelve disciples: In Matthew: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. + +In Mark: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, + +In Luke: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, + +It is probable that Thaddaeus and Jude, the son of James, are two names for the same person. + +##### Brothers and Sisters ##### +This chapter introduces the concept of "spiritual" brothers and sisters. Scripture often uses these terms to refer to the relationship between fellow Israelites. Here, those who follow Jesus are now referred to as brothers and sisters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/01.md b/mrk/04/01.md index 3bf78dcfae..bff2156e24 100644 --- a/mrk/04/01.md +++ b/mrk/04/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:parable]] +As Jesus taught from a boat at the seaside, he told them the parable of the soils. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# the sea -* **and pushed into the lake** - "and pushed the boat into the lake" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **he sat in it** - "he sat in the boat" +This is the Sea of Galilee. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/03.md b/mrk/04/03.md index 1b0bea67b3..0591b69fe7 100644 --- a/mrk/04/03.md +++ b/mrk/04/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen -* [[en:tw:sow]] +"Pay attention" -## translationNotes +# As he sowed -* Jesus starts telling a parable. +"As he threw the seeds over the soil." In different cultures people sow seeds differently. In this parable the seeds were sown by throwing the seeds over the land that was prepared for growing. + +# they sprang up + +"they began to grow quickly" + +# soil + +This refers to the loose dirt on the ground in which you can plant seeds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/06.md b/mrk/04/06.md index 0d0feac4d7..2762161f87 100644 --- a/mrk/04/06.md +++ b/mrk/04/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they were scorched +This refers to the young plants. This may be stated in active form. AT: "it scorched the young plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# because they had no root, they dried up -* Jesus continues telling a parable. -* **they were scorched** - "they were burned" +"because the young plants had no roots, they dried up" + +# choked them + +The word "them" refers to the young plants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/08.md b/mrk/04/08.md index 0de273db28..2763e059be 100644 --- a/mrk/04/08.md +++ b/mrk/04/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# some brought forth thirty times as much +The amount of grain produced by each plant is being compared to the single seed from which it grew. AT: "Some plants bore thirty times as much as the seed that the man had planted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# thirty ... sixty ... a hundred -* Jesus continues telling a parable. -* **Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear** - "He who listens closely will understand the meaning" of this parable. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"30 ... 60 ... 100." These may be written as numerals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# some sixty, and some a hundred + +Jesus continues to describe the amount of grain that was produced. Ellipsis is used here to shorten the phrases but they can be written out. AT: "some produced sixty times as much grain and some produced a hundred times as much grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Whoever has ears to hear + +This is a way of referring to everyone listening. AT: "Everyone who is listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him hear + +Here the word "hear" means to pay attention. AT: "must pay careful attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/10.md b/mrk/04/10.md index 1bd475351f..ad48319f2f 100644 --- a/mrk/04/10.md +++ b/mrk/04/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# When Jesus was alone -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +This does not mean that Jesus was completely alone; rather, that the crowds were gone and Jesus was only with the twelve and some of his other close followers. -## translationNotes +# To you is given -* Jesus has just finished telling a parable. -* **To you is given** - "God has given you" or "I have given you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they look, but do not see ** - "they look and refuse to see" or "they look and do not understand" +This can be stated in active form. "God has given you" or "I have given you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to those outside + +"but to those who are not among you." This refers to all the other people who were not among the twelve or Jesus' other close followers. + +# everything is in parables + +It can be stated that Jesus gives the parables to the people. AT: "I have spoken everything in parables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# when they look ... when they hear + +It is assumed that Jesus is speaking about the people looking at what he shows them and hearing what he tells them. AT: "when they look at what I am doing ... when they hear what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they look, but do not see + +Jesus speaks of people understanding what they see as actually seeing. AT: "they look and do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turn + +This refers to turning away from sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/13.md b/mrk/04/13.md index cad805bed7..b2dcb13a92 100644 --- a/mrk/04/13.md +++ b/mrk/04/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus explains the parable of the soils to his followers and then tells them about using a lamp to show that hidden things will become known. -## translationNotes +# Then he said to them -* Jesus explains the parable to his disciples. -* **Do you not understand this parable? How then will you understand the rest of the parables?** - "If you are unable to understand this parable, you will not be able to understand the rest of the parables." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Then Jesus said to his disciples" + +# Do you not understand this parable? How then will you understand all the other parables? + +Jesus used these questions to show how sad he was that his disciples could not understand his parable. AT: "If you cannot understand this parable, think about how hard it will be for you to understand all the other parables." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The farmer who sows his seed is + +"The farmer who sows his seed represents" + +# the one who sows the word + +The "word" represents God's message. Sowing the message represents teaching it. AT: "the one who teaches people God's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# These are the ones that fall beside the road + +"Some people are like the seeds that fall beside road" or "Some people are like the path where some of the seeds fell" + +# the road + +"the path" + +# when they hear it + +Here "it" refers to "the word" or "God's message." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/16.md b/mrk/04/16.md index 834181033f..a002083827 100644 --- a/mrk/04/16.md +++ b/mrk/04/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# These are the ones -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:tribulation]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"And some people are like the seeds." Jesus begins to explain how some people are like the seeds that fell on the rocky soil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They have no root in themselves -* Jesus continues to explain the parable to his disciples. +This is a comparison to the young plants that have very shallow roots. This metaphor means that the people were first excited when they received the word, but they were not strongly devoted to it. AT: "And they are like the young plants that have no roots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no root + +This is an exaggeration to emphasize how shallow the roots were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# endure + +In this parable, "endure" means "believe." AT: "continue in their belief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of the word + +It may be helpful to explain why tribulation comes. It came because people believed the word. AT: "because they believed the word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they stumble + +In this parable, "stumble" means "stop believing God's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/18.md b/mrk/04/18.md index c18824ffe6..41b2ec77e5 100644 --- a/mrk/04/18.md +++ b/mrk/04/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The others are the ones that were sown among the thorns -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Jesus begins to explain how some people are like the seeds that fell among the thorns. AT: "And other people are like the seeds that were sown among the thorns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the cares of the world -* Jesus continues to explain the parable to his disciples. -* **the cares of the world** - AT: "concerns about this present life" -* **the deceitfulness of riches** - AT: "pleasures from wealth that do not satisfy" -* **the desires for other things** - "the desire for things other than riches" +"the worries in this life" or "the concerns about this present life" + +# the deceitfulness of riches + +"the desires for riches" + +# enter in and choke the word + +As Jesus continues to talk about people who are like the seeds that fell among the thorns, he explains what the desires and worries do to the word in their lives. AT: "enter in and choke the word in their lives like thorns choke young plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it does not produce a crop + +"the word does not produce a crop in them" + +# those that were sown in the good soil + +Jesus begins to explain how some people are like the seeds that were sown in good soil. AT: "like the seeds that were sown in the good soil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thirty, sixty, or a hundred times what was sown + +This refers to the grain that the plants produce. AT: "some produce thirty grains, some produce sixty grains, and some produce a hundred grains" or "some produce 30 times the grain that was sown, some produce 60 times the grain that was sown, and some produce 100 times the grain that was sown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/21.md b/mrk/04/21.md index 6725b71107..53a1c1c47c 100644 --- a/mrk/04/21.md +++ b/mrk/04/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus said to them -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +"Jesus said to the crowd" -## translationNotes +# Do you bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket, or under the bed? -* Jesus finished explaining the parable. He continues telling his disciples another parable. -* **"Do you bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket, or under the bed?" ** - "You certainly do not bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket, or under a bed." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear.** - Translate this as you did in [[:en:bible:notes:mrk:04:08]]. +This question may be written as a statement. AT: "You certainly do not bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket, or under a bed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For nothing is hidden that will not be known ... come out into the open + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "For everything that is hidden will be made known, and everything that is secret will come out into to open" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# nothing is hidden ... nothing is secret + +"there is nothing that is hidden ... there is nothing that is secret" Both of the phrases have the same meaning. Jesus is emphasizing that everything that is secret will be made known. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear + +See how you translated this in [Mark 4:9](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/24.md b/mrk/04/24.md index 201b5e7b95..2ba9d8ef46 100644 --- a/mrk/04/24.md +++ b/mrk/04/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to them +"Jesus said to the crowd" -## translationNotes +# for with the measure with which you measure -* Jesus continues telling his disciples another parable. -* **for the measure you use, is the measure you will receive; and even more you will get** - "the better you listen, the more understanding God will give to you." -* **whoever has ** - "whoever has understood my words." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is talking about a literal measure and giving generously to others or 2) this is a metaphor in which Jesus speaks of "understanding" as if it were "measuring." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will be measured, and it will be added to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will measure that amount for you, and he will add it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to him will be given more ... from him will be taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to him God will give more ... from him God will take away" or "God will give more to him ... God will take away from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/26.md b/mrk/04/26.md index 286a77892a..f5df5c4db9 100644 --- a/mrk/04/26.md +++ b/mrk/04/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +Jesus then tells the people parables to explain the kingdom of God, which he later explained to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# like a man who sows his seed -* Jesus continues telling his disciples another parable. -* **like a man who sows his seeds** - "like a farmer who is sowing his seeds" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **sickle** - a curved blade or a sharp hook used to cut grain +Jesus likens the kingdom of God to a farmer who sows his seed. AT: "like a farmer who sows his seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He sleeps at night and gets up by day + +"He rises in the morning and sleeps at night" + +# the blade + +the stalk or sprout + +# the ear + +the head on the stalk or the part of the plant that holds the fruit + +# he immediately sends out the sickle + +Here "the sickle" is a metonym that stands for the farmer or the people who the farmer sends out to harvest the grain. AT: "he immediately goes out with a sickle to harvest the grain" or "he immediately sends out people with sickles to harvest the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sickle + +a curved blade or a sharp hook used to cut grain + +# because the harvest has come + +Here the phrase "has come" is an idiom for the grain being ripe for harvest. AT: "because the grain is ready to be harvested" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/30.md b/mrk/04/30.md index 11780d9608..003c6fa0ae 100644 --- a/mrk/04/30.md +++ b/mrk/04/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# To what can we compare the kingdom of God, or what parable can we use to explain it? -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] +Jesus asked this question to cause his hearers to think about what the kingdom of God is. AT: "With this parable I can explain what the kingdom of God is like." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# when it is sown -* Jesus continues telling his disciples another parable. -* **"To what can we compare the kingdom of God and what parable can we use to explain it?** - "With this parable I can explain what the Kingdom of God is like." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when someone sows it" or "when someone plants it" + +# it forms large branches + +The mustard tree is described as causing its branches to grow large. AT: "with large branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/33.md b/mrk/04/33.md index 563be5e438..39e8514d4f 100644 --- a/mrk/04/33.md +++ b/mrk/04/33.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he spoke the word to them -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] +The word "them" refers to the crowds. -## translationNotes +# as much as they were able to understand -* **as much as they were able to hear** - "as much as they could understand" +"and if they were able to understand some, he kept telling them more" + +# when he was alone + +This means that he was away from the crowds, but his disciples were still with him. + +# he explained everything + +Here "everything" is an exaggeration. He explained all his parables. AT: "he explained all his parables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/35.md b/mrk/04/35.md index 318b430636..6ec2750b25 100644 --- a/mrk/04/35.md +++ b/mrk/04/35.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +As Jesus and his disciples take a boat to escape the crowds of people, a great storm arises. His disciples are afraid when they see that even the wind and the sea obey Jesus. -## translationNotes +# he said to them +"Jesus said to his disciples" + +# the other side + +"the other side of the Sea of Galilee" or "the other side of the sea" + +# a violent windstorm arose + +Here "arose" is an idiom for "began." AT: "a violent windstorm began" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the boat was almost full of water + +It may be helpful to state that the boat was filling up with water. AT: "the boat was in danger of being filled with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/38.md b/mrk/04/38.md index 4f842d0304..50a558d842 100644 --- a/mrk/04/38.md +++ b/mrk/04/38.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus himself -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +Here "himself" emphasizes that Jesus was alone in the stern. AT: "Jesus himself was alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the stern -* Jesus and his disciples were crossing the lake when a violent storm started. -* **do you not care that we are about to die?** - "you need to pay attention to this situation; we are all about to die!" - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **we are about to die** - "We" includes the disciples and Jesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **rebuked** - “sternly corrected” or “admonished” -* **Peace, be still.** - "Peace" and "be still" are similar in meaning. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This is at the very back of the boat. "the stern of the boat" + +# They woke him up + +The word "they" refers to the disciples. Compare a similar idea in the next verse, verse 39, "He got up." "He" refers to Jesus. + +# do you not care that we are about to die? + +The disciples asked this question to convey their fear. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "you need to pay attention to what is happening; we are all about to die!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we are about to die + +The word "we" includes the disciples and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Peace! Be still! + +These two phrases are similar and used to emphasize what Jesus wanted the wind and the sea to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# a great calm + +"a great stillness over the sea" or "a great calm over the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/40.md b/mrk/04/40.md index 07f40bfe40..23732db01b 100644 --- a/mrk/04/40.md +++ b/mrk/04/40.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he said to them -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +"And Jesus said to his disciples" -## translationNotes +# Why are you afraid? Do you still not have faith? -* Jesus and his disciples were crossing the lake when a violent storm started. -* **Why are you afraid?** - "I am disappointed that you are so afraid." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who then is this** - "We need to think carefully about who this man really is!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus asks these questions to make his disciples consider why they are afraid when he is with them. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "You should not be afraid. You need to have more faith." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who then is this, because even the wind and the sea obey him? + +The disciples ask this question in amazement at what Jesus did. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "This man is not like ordinary men; even the wind and the sea obey him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/intro.md b/mrk/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b9c458fb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Mark 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 4:12, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +4:3-10 forms one parable. The parable is explained in 4:14-23. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Parables ##### +There are many parables in this chapter. They are a way Jesus teaches about the kingdom of God. Jesus explains their meanings to the disciples, but not to the crowds. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit knowledge ##### + +Implicit knowledge is needed in several parts of this chapter. The UDB can be quite effective in helping the reader to understand unknown words and figures of speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/01.md b/mrk/05/01.md index 817209cc40..1ef5930fba 100644 --- a/mrk/05/01.md +++ b/mrk/05/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +After Jesus calms the great storm, he heals a man who has many demons, but the local people in Gerasa are not glad about his healing, and they beg Jesus to leave. -## translationNotes +# They came +The word "They" refers to Jesus and his disciples. + +# the sea + +This refers to the Sea of Galilee. + +# Gerasenes + +This name refers to the people who live in Gerasa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with an unclean spirit + +This is an idiom meaning that the man is "controlled" or "possessed" by the unclean spirit. AT: "controlled by an unclean spirit" or "that an unclean spirit possessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/03.md b/mrk/05/03.md index 0c2b07c824..017f4dd408 100644 --- a/mrk/05/03.md +++ b/mrk/05/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He had been bound many times -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +This can be written in active form. AT: "People had bound him many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# his shackles were shattered -* **shackles on his feet** - "iron chains on his feet" -* **subdue him** - "control him" +This can be written in active form. AT: "shattered his shackles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shackles + +"bonds on his feet" or "metal bindings attached to his ankles to confine him" + +# chains + +"handcuffs" or "chains attached to his wrists to confine him" + +# No one had the strength to subdue him + +The man was so strong that no one could subdue him. AT: "He was so strong that no one was strong enough to subdue him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# subdue him + +"control him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/05.md b/mrk/05/05.md index 45fcf3bea7..188799c9a3 100644 --- a/mrk/05/05.md +++ b/mrk/05/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# cut himself with sharp stones -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Often times when a person is possessed by a demon, the demon will cause the person to do self-destructive things, such as cutting himself. -## translationNotes +# When he saw Jesus from a distance +When the man first saw Jesus, Jesus would have been getting out of the boat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bowed down + +This means that he knelt down before Jesus out of reverence and respect, not out of worship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/07.md b/mrk/05/07.md index 62ad262d0f..81944b62fd 100644 --- a/mrk/05/07.md +++ b/mrk/05/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine these two verses in order to write the events in the order that they occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# He cried out -* **He cried out** - "The unclean spirit cried out" -* **What do I have to do with you** - AT: "I have nothing to do with you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **do not torment me** - "do not torture me" (UDB) +"The unclean spirit cried out" + +# What do I have to do with you, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? + +The unclean spirit asks this question out of fear. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Leave me alone, Jesus, Son of the Most High God! There is no reason for you to interfere with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Jesus ... do not torment me + +Jesus has the power to torment unclean spirits. + +# Son of the Most High God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I beg you by God himself + +Here the unclean spirit is swearing by God as he makes a request of Jesus. Consider how this type of request is made in your language. AT: "I beg you before God" or "I swear by God himself and beg you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/09.md b/mrk/05/09.md index cebb14ca41..4e2cf855d2 100644 --- a/mrk/05/09.md +++ b/mrk/05/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He asked him +"And Jesus asked the unclean spirit" -## translationNotes +# He answered him, "My name is Legion, for we are many." -* **He said to him, "My name is Army, for we are many."** - The spirits inside of the man said to Jesus that there is not just one evil spirit in this man, but many evil spirits. (See: [[: en: ta: vol1: translate: figs_explicit]]) +One spirit was speaking for many here. He spoke of them as if they were a legion, a Roman army unit of about 6,000 soldiers. AT: "And the spirit said to him, 'Call us an army, for many of us are inside the man.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/11.md b/mrk/05/11.md index d6c5160af1..87d07411c6 100644 --- a/mrk/05/11.md +++ b/mrk/05/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they begged him -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:pig]] +"the unclean spirits begged Jesus" -## translationNotes +# he allowed them -* **He permitted them** - "Jesus allowed the unclean spirits" -* **about two thousand pigs** - "about 2000 pigs" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +It may be helpful to state clearly what Jesus allowed them to do. AT: "Jesus allowed the unclean spirits to do what they asked for" + +# they rushed + +"the pigs rushed" + +# into the sea, and about two thousand pigs drowned in the sea + +You can make this a separate sentence: "into the sea. There were about two thousand pigs, and they drowned in the sea" + +# about two thousand pigs + +"about 2,000 pigs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/14.md b/mrk/05/14.md index d4ffd9310c..ef2e16d09d 100644 --- a/mrk/05/14.md +++ b/mrk/05/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in the city and in the countryside -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pig]] +It can be stated clearly that the men gave their report to the people who were in the city and countryside. AT: "to people in the city and in the countryside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Legion -* **in his right mind** - "of a normal mind" +This was the name of the many demons that were in the man. See how you translated this in [Mark 5:9](./09.md). + +# in his right mind + +This is an idiom meaning that he is thinking clearly. AT: "of a normal mind" or "thinking clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they were afraid + +The word "they" refers to the group of people who went out to see what had happened. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/16.md b/mrk/05/16.md index d7da5235a3..b06772e378 100644 --- a/mrk/05/16.md +++ b/mrk/05/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Those who had seen what happened -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pig]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the man who was controlled by demons** - "the man that the demons controlled" +"The people who had witnessed what had happened" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/18.md b/mrk/05/18.md index 1d93d6d931..8e8b585fc2 100644 --- a/mrk/05/18.md +++ b/mrk/05/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the demon-possessed man -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +Though the man is no longer demon-possessed, he is still described in this way. AT: "the man who had been demon-possessed" -## translationNotes +# But Jesus did not permit him -* **Decapolis** - A region to the southeast of the Sea of Galilea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +What Jesus did not allow the man to do can be stated clearly. AT: "But he did not allow the man to come with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Decapolis + +This is the name of a region that means Ten Cities. It is located to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# everyone was amazed + +It may be helpful to state why the people were amazed. AT: "all the people who heard what the man said were amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/21.md b/mrk/05/21.md index 9f512676a6..0b5b101e30 100644 --- a/mrk/05/21.md +++ b/mrk/05/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +After healing the demon-possessed man in region of the Gerasenes, Jesus and his disciples return across the lake to Capernaum where the one of the rulers of the synagogue asks Jesus to heal his daughter. -## translationNotes +# the other side +It may be helpful to add information to this phrase. AT: "the other side of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# beside the sea + +"on the seashore" or "on the shore" + +# the sea + +This is the Sea of Galilee. + +# Jairus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# So he went with him + +"So Jesus went with Jairus." Jesus' disciples also went with him. AT: "So Jesus and the disciples went with Jairus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lay your hands + +"Laying on hands" refers to a prophet or teacher placing his hand on someone and imparting either healing or a blessing. In this case, Jarius is asking Jesus to heal his daughter. + +# that she may be made well and live + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and heal her and make her live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# pressed close around him + +This means they crowded around Jesus and pressed themselves together to be closer to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/25.md b/mrk/05/25.md index e54d506b2e..b0ac2b4101 100644 --- a/mrk/05/25.md +++ b/mrk/05/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +While Jesus is on his way to heal the man's little 12-year-old girl, a woman who has been sick for 12 years interrupts by touching Jesus for her healing. -## translationNotes +# Now a woman was there -* **for twelve years** - "for 12 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"Now" indicates that this woman is being introduced to the story. Consider how new people are introduced into a story in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# who had a flow of blood for twelve years + +The woman did not have an open wound; rather, her monthly flow of blood would not stop. Your language may have a polite way to refer to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# for twelve years + +"for 12 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# she grew worse + +"her sickness got worse" or "her bleeding increased" + +# the reports about Jesus + +She had heard reports about Jesus of how he healed people. AT: "that Jesus healed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# cloak + +outer garment or coat \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/28.md b/mrk/05/28.md index 5b986eda15..a183cd920f 100644 --- a/mrk/05/28.md +++ b/mrk/05/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I will be healed -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will heal me" or "his power will heal me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# she was healed from her affliction +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sickness had left her" or "she was no longer sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/30.md b/mrk/05/30.md index 30ea17b2c0..49b20aab90 100644 --- a/mrk/05/30.md +++ b/mrk/05/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# that power had gone out from him -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +When the woman touched Jesus, Jesus felt his power healing her. Jesus himself did not lose any of his power to heal people when he healed her. AT: "that his healing power had healed the woman" -## translationNotes +# this crowd pressed around you -* **and you say, 'Who touched me?'** - AT: "we are surprised to hear you say that someone has touched you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This means they crowded around Jesus and pressed themselves together to be closer to Jesus. See how you translated this in [Mark 5:24](./21.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/33.md b/mrk/05/33.md index 1c246d243b..3c2c935f69 100644 --- a/mrk/05/33.md +++ b/mrk/05/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# fell down before him -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +"knelt down before him." She knelt down before Jesus as an act of honor and submission. -## translationNotes +# told him the whole truth -* **Daughter** - Jesus was using this term figuratively to refer to the woman as a believer. +The phrase "the whole truth" refers to how she had touched him and became well. AT: "told him the whole truth about how she had touched him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Daughter + +Jesus was using this term figuratively to refer to the woman as a believer. + +# your faith + +"your faith in me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/35.md b/mrk/05/35.md index 698ee6143d..5b08d7669b 100644 --- a/mrk/05/35.md +++ b/mrk/05/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# While he was speaking -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +"While Jesus was speaking" -## translationNotes +# some people came from the leader of the synagogue -* **Why trouble the teacher any more?** - AT: "We should not bother the teacher any more" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) these people had come from Jarius' house or 2) Jairus had previously given these people orders to go see Jesus or 3) these people had been sent by the man who was presiding as the synagogue leader in Jairus' absence. + +# the leader of the synagogue + +The "leader of the synagogue" is Jairus. + +# saying + +"saying to Jairus" + +# Why trouble the teacher any longer? + +This question can be written as a statement. AT: "It is useless to bother the teacher any longer." or "There no need to bother the teacher any longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the teacher + +This refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/36.md b/mrk/05/36.md index c5b95c522b..a8918838a2 100644 --- a/mrk/05/36.md +++ b/mrk/05/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 37 and 38. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# Just believe -* **who wept and who wailed** - The words "wept" and "wailed" share similar meanings. AT: "who cried aloud as they wept" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +If necessary, you can state what Jesus is commanding Jairus to believe. AT: "Just believe I can make you daughter live" + +# He did not ... he saw + +In these verses the word "he" refers to Jesus. + +# to accompany him + +"to come with him." It may be helpful to state where they were going. AT: "to accompany him to Jairus' house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/39.md b/mrk/05/39.md index f64f6be14d..aaf92710b9 100644 --- a/mrk/05/39.md +++ b/mrk/05/39.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# he said to them -* [[en:tw:death]] +"Jesus said to the people who were weeping" -## translationNotes +# Why are you upset and why do you weep? -* **Why are you upset and why do you weep?** - AT: "You should not be upset and crying." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus asked this question to help them see their lack of faith. This may be written as a statement. AT: "This is not a time to be upset and crying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# put them all outside + +"sent all the other people outside the house" + +# those who were with him + +This refers to Peter, James, and John. + +# went in where the child was + +It may be helpful to state where the child is. AT: "went into the room where the child was lying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/41.md b/mrk/05/41.md index 9b9e582dd4..79587de570 100644 --- a/mrk/05/41.md +++ b/mrk/05/41.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Talitha, koum -* [[en:tw:amazed]] +This is an Aramaic sentence, which Jesus spoke to the little girl in her language. Write these words as is with your alphabet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## translationNotes +# she was twelve years of age -* **she was twelve years of age** - "she was 12 years old" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **He strictly ordered them** - "He strongly told them" +"she was 12 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He strictly ordered them that no one should know about this + +This can be stated as a direct quote. AT: "He ordered them strictly, 'No one should know about this!'" or "He ordered them strictly, 'Do not tell anyone about what I have done!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# He strictly ordered them + +"He strongly commanded them" + +# Then he told them to give her something to eat + +This can be stated as a direct quote. AT: "And he told them, 'Give her something to eat.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/intro.md b/mrk/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..373b4f39df --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Mark 05 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Past Events ##### +Parts of this chapter are a sequence of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Mark sometimes writes as if the events have already occurred while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. + +##### "Talitha koum" ##### +This is a phrase in Aramaic. Mark does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Aramaic letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/01.md b/mrk/06/01.md index ad63cf6043..79e776afce 100644 --- a/mrk/06/01.md +++ b/mrk/06/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mary]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Jesus returns to his hometown where he is not accepted. -## translationNotes +# his hometown -* **Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary, and the brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon? Are his sisters not here with us?** - "He is just an ordinary carpenter! We know him and his family! We know Mary his mother! We know his younger brothers James, Joses, Judas and Simon! And his younger sisters also live here with us!" (UDB) This is a rhetorical question raising doubt as to why Jesus would be able to do all these things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to the town of Nazareth where Jesus grew up and where his family lives. This does not mean that he owns land there. + +# What is this wisdom that has been given to him? + +This question, which contains passive construction, can be asked in active form. AT: "What is this wisdom that he has gained?" + +# that he does with his hands + +This phrase emphasizes that Jesus himself does the miracles. AT: "that he himself works" + +# Is this not the carpenter, the son of Mary and the brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon? Are his sisters not here with us? + +These questions can be written as a statement. AT: "He is just an ordinary carpenter! We know him and his family. We know Mary his mother. We know his younger brothers James, Joses, Judas and Simon. And his younger sisters also live here with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/04.md b/mrk/06/04.md index db06301447..dc0e2b38fa 100644 --- a/mrk/06/04.md +++ b/mrk/06/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to them -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] +"to the crowd" -## translationNotes +# A prophet is not without honor, except -* **A prophet is not without honor except** - "It is certainly true that people honor me and other prophets in other places, but not in our hometowns! Even our relatives and the people who live in our own houses do not honor us!"(UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This sentence uses a double negative to create emphasis of the positive equivalent. AT: "A prophet is always honored, except" or "The only place a prophet is not honored is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# to lay his hands on a few sick people + +"Laying on hands" refers to a prophet or teacher placing his hands on someone and imparting either healing or a blessing. In this case, Jesus is healing people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/07.md b/mrk/06/07.md index 0dd0467296..6a9db2d4f2 100644 --- a/mrk/06/07.md +++ b/mrk/06/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] -* [[en:tw:tunic]] +Jesus sends his disciples out in sets of two to preach and to heal. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **two by two** - "2 by 2" or "in pairs" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **not to wear two tunics.** - "not to take an extra shirt." +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 8 and 9 in order to make Jesus' instructions clearer to read. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# he called the twelve + +Here the word "called" means that he summoned the twelve to come to him. + +# two by two + +"2 by 2" or "in pairs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# no bread + +Here "bread" is a synecdoche for food in general. AT: "no food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# no money in their belts + +In that culture, men carried their money tucked into their belt. AT: "no money in their moneybag" or "no money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/10.md b/mrk/06/10.md index 4430b7c1cf..24b4e1db2f 100644 --- a/mrk/06/10.md +++ b/mrk/06/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He said to them -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +"Jesus said to the twelve" -## translationNotes +# remain until you go away from there -* **stay there until you leave** - "stay in that house until you leave that town" +Here "remain" represents daily going back to that house to eat and sleep there. AT: "eat and sleep in that house until you leave that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as a testimony to them + +"as a testimony against them." It may be helpful to explain how this action was a testimony to them. "as a testimony to them. By doing that, you will be testifying that they did not welcome you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/12.md b/mrk/06/12.md index fd81078fbd..44c5a0b410 100644 --- a/mrk/06/12.md +++ b/mrk/06/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They went out -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The word "They" refers to the twelve and does not include Jesus. Also, it may be helpful to state that they went out to various towns. AT: "They went out to various towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# turn away from their sins +"repent of their sins" + +# They cast out many demons + +It may be helpful to state that they cast the demons out of people. AT: "They cast many demons out of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/14.md b/mrk/06/14.md index 64bd817e5c..d1c5deac5e 100644 --- a/mrk/06/14.md +++ b/mrk/06/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +When Herod hears about Jesus' miracles, he worries, thinking that someone has raised John the Baptist from the dead. (Herod had caused John the Baptist to be killed.) -## translationNotes +# King Herod heard this -* **John the Baptist had been raised** - "God raised John the Baptist" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "this" refers to everything that Jesus and his disciples had been doing in various towns, including casting out demons and healing people. + +# Some were saying, "John the Baptist had been + +Some people were saying that Jesus was John the Baptist. This can be stated more clearly. AT: "Some were saying, 'He is John the Baptist who had been" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# John the Baptist had been raised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God raised John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Some others said, "He is Elijah." + +It may be helpful to state why some people thought he was Elijah. AT: "Some others said, 'He is Elijah, whom God promised to send back again.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/16.md b/mrk/06/16.md index c2662560aa..2aa7919812 100644 --- a/mrk/06/16.md +++ b/mrk/06/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:herodias]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +In verse 17 the author begins to give background information about Herod and why he beheaded John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# whom I beheaded -* **his brother Philip's wife** - "The wife of his brother Philip" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **set herself against** - "held it against" +Here Herod uses the word "I" to refer to himself. The word "I" is a metonym for Herod's soldiers. AT: "whom I commanded my soldiers to behead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has been raised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has become alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Herod sent to have John arrested and he had him bound in prison + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Herod sent his soldiers to arrest John and had them bind him in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sent to have + +"ordered to have" + +# on account of Herodias + +"because of Herodias" + +# his brother Philip's wife + +"the wife of his brother Philip." Herod's brother Philip is not the same Philip who was an evangelist in the book of Acts or the Philip who was one of Jesus' twelve disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# because he had married her + +"because Herod had married her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/18.md b/mrk/06/18.md index 120e2ac7ee..b540da70aa 100644 --- a/mrk/06/18.md +++ b/mrk/06/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# wanted to kill him, but she could not -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:herodias]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Herodias is the subject of this phrase and "she" is a metonym as she wants someone else to execute John. AT: "she wanted someone to kill him, but she could not have him killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# for Herod feared John; he knew -* **set herself against** - "held it against" -* **he was much perplexed** - "he was confused" +These two clauses can be linked differently to show more clearly why Herod feared John. AT: "for Herod feared John because he knew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# he knew that he was a righteous + +"Herod knew that John was a righteous" + +# Listening to him + +"Listening to John" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/21.md b/mrk/06/21.md index b7b826795b..1613caeaa4 100644 --- a/mrk/06/21.md +++ b/mrk/06/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:herodias]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +The author continues to give background information about Herod and the beheading of John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# he made a dinner for his officials ... of Galilee +Here the word "he" refers to Herod and is a metonym for his servant whom he would have commanded to prepare a meal. AT: "he had a dinner made for his officials ... of Galilee" or "he invited his officials ... of Galilee to eat and celebrate with him" + +# a dinner + +a formal meal or banquet + +# Herodias herself + +The word "herself" is a reflexive pronoun used to emphasize that it was significant that it was Herodias' own daughter who danced at the dinner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# came in + +"came into the room" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/23.md b/mrk/06/23.md index ff78b29976..232f42658f 100644 --- a/mrk/06/23.md +++ b/mrk/06/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Whatever you ask ... my kingdom -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] +"I will give you up to half of what I own and rule, if you ask for it" -## translationNotes +# went out -* **upon a platter** - "on a tray" +"went out of the room" + +# on a wooden platter + +"on a board" or "on a large wooden dish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/26.md b/mrk/06/26.md index afc9523413..41aeeb7e81 100644 --- a/mrk/06/26.md +++ b/mrk/06/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# because of the oath he had made and because of his dinner guests -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +The content of the oath, and the relationship between the oath and the dinner guests can be stated clearly. AT: "because his dinner guests had heard him make the oath that he would give her anything she asked for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# on a platter -* **because of his oaths, and for his guests,** - "because his guests had heard him make the promise," -* **on a platter** - "on a tray" +"on a tray" + +# When his disciples + +"And John's disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/30.md b/mrk/06/30.md index c2fa06161f..92faec1e4a 100644 --- a/mrk/06/30.md +++ b/mrk/06/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +After the disciples return from preaching and healing, they go somewhere to be alone, but there are many people who come to hear Jesus teach. When it becomes late, he feeds the people and then sends everyone away while he prays alone. -## translationNotes +# a deserted place +a place where there are no people + +# many were coming and going + +This means that people were continually coming to the apostles and then going away from them. + +# they did not even + +The word "they" refers to the apostles. + +# So they went away + +Here the word "they" includes both the apostles and Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/33.md b/mrk/06/33.md index 29147e1c97..0008f309eb 100644 --- a/mrk/06/33.md +++ b/mrk/06/33.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they saw them leaving -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +"the people saw Jesus and the apostles leaving" -## translationNotes +# on foot +The people are going on foot by land, which contrasts with how the disciples went by boat. + +# he saw a great crowd + +"Jesus saw a great crowd" + +# they were like sheep without a shepherd + +Jesus compares the people to sheep who are confused when they do not have their shepherd to lead them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/35.md b/mrk/06/35.md index 7e19aed2ec..673b61acd8 100644 --- a/mrk/06/35.md +++ b/mrk/06/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# When the hour was late -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] +This means it was late in the day. AT: "When it was getting late" or "Late in the afternoon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# a deserted place +This refers to a place where there are no people. See how you translated this in [Mark 6:31](./30.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/37.md b/mrk/06/37.md index ddba3bc6e4..06e04d7c9d 100644 --- a/mrk/06/37.md +++ b/mrk/06/37.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# But he answered and said to them -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] +"But Jesus answered and said to his disciples" -## translationNotes +# Can we go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread and give it to them to eat? -* **Five loaves and two fish.** - "5 loaves and 2 fish." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]). +The disciples ask this question to say that there is no way they could afford to buy enough food for this crowd. AT: "We could not buy enough bread to feed this crowd, even if we had two hundred denarii!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# two hundred denarii + +"200 denarii." A denarius is a Roman silver coin worth one day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# loaves + +"loaves of bread." A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/39.md b/mrk/06/39.md index f3d8b779b5..400d2741b3 100644 --- a/mrk/06/39.md +++ b/mrk/06/39.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# green grass -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +Describe the grass with the color word used in your language for healthy grass, which may or may not be the color green. -## translationNotes +# groups of hundreds and fifties -* **hundreds and fifties** - " around 100 and around 50" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **five loaves and the two fishes** - "5 loaves and the 2 fishes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **two fish** - "2 fish" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This refers to the number of people in each of the groups. AT: "about fifty people in some groups and about a hundred people in other groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# looking up to heaven + +This means that he looked up toward the sky, which is associated with the place where God lives. + +# he blessed + +"he spoke a blessing" or "he gave thanks" + +# He also divided the two fish among them all + +"he divided the two fish so that everyone could have some" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/42.md b/mrk/06/42.md index e882d4f45a..ab38262da4 100644 --- a/mrk/06/42.md +++ b/mrk/06/42.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They took up +Possible meaning are 1) "The disciples took up" or 2) "The people took up." -## translationNotes +# broken pieces of bread, twelve baskets full -* **twelve baskets** - "12 baskets" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **five thousand men** - AT: "5,000 men and their families" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"twelve baskets full of broken pieces of bread" + +# twelve baskets + +"12 baskets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# five thousand men + +"5,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# There were five thousand men who ate the loaves + +The number of women and children was not counted. If it would not be understood that women and children were present, it can be made explicit. AT: "And there were five thousand men who ate the loaves. They did not even count the women and children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/45.md b/mrk/06/45.md index f3ca68c2a4..74cb8c7de6 100644 --- a/mrk/06/45.md +++ b/mrk/06/45.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to the other side -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +This refers to the Sea of Galilee. This can be stated clearly. AT: "to the other side of the Sea of Galilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Bethsaida -* **Bethsaida** - A town on the northern shores of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a town on the northern shores of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When they were gone + +"When the people had left" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/48.md b/mrk/06/48.md index a68905fd54..8421f17bea 100644 --- a/mrk/06/48.md +++ b/mrk/06/48.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltime]] +A storm arises while the disciples are trying to cross the lake. Seeing Jesus walking on the water terrifies them. They do not understand how Jesus can calm the storm. -## translationNotes +# fourth watch +This is the time between 3 a.m. and sunrise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# a ghost + +the spirit of a dead person or some other kind of spirit + +# Be courageous! ... Do not be afraid! + +These two sentences are similar in meaning, emphasizing to his disciples that they did not need to be afraid. They can be combined into one if necessary. AT: "Do not fear me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/51.md b/mrk/06/51.md index 61f7945691..ca979a48ee 100644 --- a/mrk/06/51.md +++ b/mrk/06/51.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They were completely amazed -* [[en:tw:mind]] +If you need to be more specific, it can stated what they were amazed by. AT: "They were completely amazed at what he had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# what the loaves meant -* **their minds were slow to understand** - "they did not understand how powerful he was, as they should have." +The phrase "the loaves" refers to when Jesus had multiplied the loaves of bread. This can be stated more clearly. AT: "what it meant when he had multiplied the loaves of bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# their hearts were hardened + +Having a heart heart represents being too stubborn to understand. AT: "they were too stubborn to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/53.md b/mrk/06/53.md index 4d5a1959dd..2a781f8764 100644 --- a/mrk/06/53.md +++ b/mrk/06/53.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +When Jesus and his disciples arrive at Gennesaret in their boat, people see him and bring people for him to heal. This happens wherever they go. -## translationNotes +# Gennesaret -* **stretchers** - "mats to carry people on" +This is the name of the region to the northwest of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they ran throughout the whole region + +It may be helpful to state why they ran through the region. AT: "they ran throughout the whole district in order to tell others that Jesus was there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they ran ... they heard + +The word "they" refers to the people who recognized Jesus, not to the disciples. + +# the sick + +This phrase refers to people. AT: "the sick people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/56.md b/mrk/06/56.md index 248f7ead4b..cbef2019da 100644 --- a/mrk/06/56.md +++ b/mrk/06/56.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Wherever he entered -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] +"Wherever Jesus entered" -## translationNotes +# they would put -* **the fringe of his garment** - "the hem of his garment" or "the hem of his robe" +Here "they" refers to the people. It does not refer to Jesus' disciples. + +# the sick + +This phrase refers to people. AT: "the sick people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# They begged him + +Possible meanings are 1) "The sick begged him" or 2) "The people begged him." + +# let them touch + +The word "them" refers to the sick. + +# the edge of his garment + +"the hem of his robe" or "the edge of his clothes" + +# as many as + +"all those who" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/intro.md b/mrk/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06d9086b8a --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Mark 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Anointed with oil" ##### +In the ancient Near East, anointing or smearing with oil was done for people who were sick. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Mark uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter to show that people did not understand who Jesus was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Past Events ##### +Parts of this chapter are a sequence of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Mark sometimes writes as if the events have already occurred while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/01.md b/mrk/07/01.md index 38078effd3..6c37a57488 100644 --- a/mrk/07/01.md +++ b/mrk/07/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +Jesus rebukes the Pharisees and scribes. -## translationNotes +# gathered around him +"gathered around Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/02.md b/mrk/07/02.md index faeb9386db..80ad1a523c 100644 --- a/mrk/07/02.md +++ b/mrk/07/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] +Verses 3 and 4 give background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions. The UDB uses a verse bridge to rearrange the information in verses 3 and 4 to make it easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# They saw -* **copper vessels, and even the dining couches** - When eating, the Jews at this time would recline on couches. AT: "containers, and even the seats for dining" +"The Pharisees and the scribes saw" + +# that is, unwashed + +"that is, their hands were not washed" or "that is, they had not washed their hands" + +# elders + +Jewish elders were leaders in their communities and were also judges for the people. + +# copper vessels + +"copper kettles" or "metal containers" + +# the couches upon which they eat + +"benches" or "beds." At that time, the Jews would recline when eating. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/05.md b/mrk/07/05.md index fd0a6b2ce5..bd44d2bfc1 100644 --- a/mrk/07/05.md +++ b/mrk/07/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, for they eat their bread with unwashed hands? -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] +The Pharisees and scribes asked this question to challenge Jesus' authority. This can be written as two statements. AT: "Your disciples disobey the traditions of our elders! They should wash their hands using our rituals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# bread -* **Why do your disciples not live according to the tradition of the elders, for they eat their bread with unwashed hands?** - "Your disciples disobey the traditions of our elders! They should wash their hands using our rituals!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **bread** - food +This is a synecdoche, representing food in general. AT: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/06.md b/mrk/07/06.md index 2ef7949e88..3a3446512a 100644 --- a/mrk/07/06.md +++ b/mrk/07/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:doctrine]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Here Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah, who had written scripture many years before. -## translationNotes +# with their lips -* **"Isaiah prophesied well about you hypocrites, he wrote,"** - The words are from Isaiah [[en/bible/notes/isa/29/13]]. +Here "lips" is a metonym for speaking. AT: "by what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but their heart is far from me + +Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts or emotions. This is a way of saying the people are not truly devoted to God. AT: "but they do not really love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Empty worship they offer me + +"They offer me useless worship" or "They worship me in vain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/08.md b/mrk/07/08.md index d82d30149a..a29a96d1fd 100644 --- a/mrk/07/08.md +++ b/mrk/07/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] +Jesus continues to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees. -## translationNotes +# abandon -* **fast** - strongly -* **who speaks evil of** - "who curses" +"refuse to follow" + +# hold fast to + +"hold strongly to" or "only keep" + +# How well you reject the commandment ... keep your tradition + +Jesus uses this ironic statement to rebuke his listeners for forsaking God's commandment. AT: "You think you have done well in how you have rejected the commandment of God so you may keep your own traditions, but what you have done is not good at all!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# How well you reject + +"How skillfully you reject" + +# who speaks evil of + +"who curses" + +# will surely die + +"must be put to death" + +# He who speaks evil of his father or mother will surely die + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "The authorities must execute a person who speaks evil about his father or mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/11.md b/mrk/07/11.md index 81e1e399e9..a86f771577 100644 --- a/mrk/07/11.md +++ b/mrk/07/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:tradition]] +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 11 and 12 in order to more clearly explain what Jesus is saying to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# Whatever help you would have received from me is Corban -* **Whatever help you would have received from me is Corban** - The tradition of the scribes said that once money or other things were promised to the temple, they could not be used for any other purpose. -* **Corban** - The author wants the reader to know how the word sounds, so write this using your language's alphabet as a word that sounds as close to this as you can. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +The tradition of the scribes said that once money or other things were promised to the temple, they could not be used for any other purpose. + +# Corban + +Here the author refers to something by a Hebrew word. This word should be copied as is into your language using your alphabet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# Given to God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have given it to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# then you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or his mother + +By doing this, the Pharisees are allowing people to not provide for their parents, if they promise to give to God what they would have given to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# void + +canceled or done away with + +# many similar things you do + +"you are doing may other things similar to this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/14.md b/mrk/07/14.md index 9d132d78f4..31b4020f70 100644 --- a/mrk/07/14.md +++ b/mrk/07/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:defile]] +Jesus tells a parable to the crowd to help them understand what he has been saying to the scribes and Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# He called -* **"Listen to me, all of you, and understand** - The words "Listen" and "understand" are related. Jesus uses them together to emphasize that his hearers should pay close attention to what he is saying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **It is what comes out of the person** - "It is the person's inner being" or "It is what a person thinks, says, or does" -* **v16: Many ancient authorities insert this text: If any man has ears to hear, let him hear.** - This phrase has Jesus adding his doctrinal authority and an emphasis of urgency for every faithful follower to observe what he just taught. +"Jesus called" + +# Listen to me, all of you, and understand + +The words "Listen" and "understand" are related. Jesus uses them together to emphasize that his hearers should pay close attention to what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# understand + +It may be helpful to state what Jesus is telling them to understand. AT: "try to understand what I am about to tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# nothing from outside of a person + +Jesus is speaking about what a person eats. This is in contrast to "what come out of the person." AT: "nothing from outside a person that he can eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is what comes out of the person + +This refers to the things a person does or says. This is in contrast to "what is outside a person that enters into him." AT: "It is what comes out of a person that he says or does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/17.md b/mrk/07/17.md index 1f1973438d..1a3c367fde 100644 --- a/mrk/07/17.md +++ b/mrk/07/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] +The disciples still do not understand what Jesus has just said to the scribes, Pharisees, and crowds. Jesus explains his meaning more thoroughly to them. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Are you still without understanding?** - AT: "After all I have said and done, I would expect you to understand." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Jesus is now away from the crowd, in a house with his disciples. + +# Are you also still without understanding? + +Jesus uses this question to express his disappointment that they do not understand. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "After all I have said and done, I would expect you to understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not see that whatever enters ... latrine? + +Jesus uses this question to teach his disciples something they should already know. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Whatever enters ... latrine." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# because it + +Here "it" refers to what goes into a person; that is, what a person eats. + +# Jesus made + +"Jesus declared" + +# all foods clean + +It may be helpful to explain clearly what this phrase means. AT: "all foods clean, meaning that people can eat any food without God considering the eater defiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/20.md b/mrk/07/20.md index 645c57de9c..a5eaa6896c 100644 --- a/mrk/07/20.md +++ b/mrk/07/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He said -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] +"Jesus said" -## translationNotes +# It is that which comes out of +It may be helpful to state clearly what "it" refers to. AT: "It is the thoughts and actions that come out of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sensuality + +not controlling one's lustful desires + +# come from within + +Here the word "within" describes a person's heart. AT: "come from within a person's heart" or "come from within a person's thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/24.md b/mrk/07/24.md index be27baa748..7e6c2876fb 100644 --- a/mrk/07/24.md +++ b/mrk/07/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +When Jesus goes away to Tyre, he heals the daughter of a Gentile woman with extraordinary faith. -## translationNotes +# had an unclean spirit -* **fell down** - "knelt" -* **Syrophoenician by race** - She was born in the city of Phoenicia in Syria. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is an idiom meaning that she was possessed by the unclean spirit. AT: "was possessed by an unclean spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# fell down + +"knelt." This is an act of honor and submission. + +# Now the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by descent + +The word "Now" marks a break in the main storyline, as this sentence gives us background information about the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Syrophoenician + +This is the name of the woman's nationality. She was born in the Phoenician region in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/27.md b/mrk/07/27.md index 53953cae8a..178eb003a2 100644 --- a/mrk/07/27.md +++ b/mrk/07/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the children first be fed. For it is not right ... throw it to the dogs -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +Here Jesus speaks about the Jews as if they are children and the Gentiles as if they are dogs. AT: "Let the children of Israel first be fed. For it is not right to take the children's bread and throw it to the Gentiles, who are like dogs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Let the children first be fed -* **Let the children first be fed** - "The children must eat first" or "I must feed the children first." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **children** - the Jews. AT: "I must serve the Jews first." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bread** - food -* **dogs** - the Gentiles. -* **even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs** - "you can serve me, a gentile, in this small way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **crumbs** - very small pieces of bread +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We must first feed the children of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bread + +This refers to food in general. AT: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# dogs + +This refers to small dogs kept as pets. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/29.md b/mrk/07/29.md index de33dd5020..1aebdabc00 100644 --- a/mrk/07/29.md +++ b/mrk/07/29.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# you are free to go -* [[en:tw:demon]] +"you may go now" or "go home" -## translationNotes +# The demon has gone out of your daughter +Jesus has caused the unclean spirit to leave the woman's daughter. This can be expressed clearly. AT: "I have caused the evil spirit to leave your daughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/31.md b/mrk/07/31.md index a189788504..66ba72da5b 100644 --- a/mrk/07/31.md +++ b/mrk/07/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +After healing people in Tyre, Jesus goes to the Sea of Galilee. There he heals a deaf man, which amazes the people. -## translationNotes +# went out again -* **came through** - "traveled through" -* **Decapolis** - “the Ten Towns” (see UDB), a region to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **who was deaf** - "who was not able to hear" -* **had a speech impediment** - "could not speak clearly" +"returned from" + +# up into the region + +Possible meanings are 1) "in the region" as Jesus is at the sea in the region of the Decapolis or 2) "through the region" as Jesus went through the region of the Decapolis to get to the sea. + +# Decapolis + +This is the name of a region that means Ten Cities. It is located to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. See how you translated this in [Mark 5:20](../05/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They brought + +"And people brought" + +# who was deaf + +"who was not able to hear" + +# to lay his hand + +The "laying on of hands" refers to a prophet or teacher placing his hand on someone and imparting either healing or a blessing. In this case, the people are begging Jesus to heal a man. AT: "to put his hand on him to heal him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/33.md b/mrk/07/33.md index 25ab661a21..b62c825f39 100644 --- a/mrk/07/33.md +++ b/mrk/07/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# He took him -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +"Jesus took the man" -## translationNotes +# he put his fingers into his ears -* **Ephphatha** - The author wants the reader to know how the word sounds, so write this using your language's alphabet as a word that sounds as close to "effatha" as you can. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **sighed** - took in and let out a long breath to show he was not happy -* **what had hold of his tongue was released** - "Jesus released what had hold of his tongue" or "Jesus healed what had caused him not to speak clearly" +Jesus is putting his own fingers in the man's ears. + +# after spitting, he touched his tongue + +Jesus spits and then touches the man's tongue. + +# after spitting + +It may be helpful to state that Jesus spit on his fingers. AT: "after spitting on his fingers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# looked up to heaven + +This means that he looked up toward the sky, which is associated with the place where God lives. + +# Ephphatha + +Here the author refers to something by an Aramaic word. This word should be copied as is into your language using your alphabet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# sighed + +to take in and then let out a long breath + +# said to him + +"said to the man" + +# his hearing was opened + +This means he was able to hear. AT: "his ears were opened and he was able to hear" or "he was able to hear" + +# what prevented his tongue was destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus took away what prevented his tongue from speaking" or "Jesus loosened his tongue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what prevented his tongue + +"what prevented him from being able to speak" or "his speech impediment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/36.md b/mrk/07/36.md index 2c8acb814e..3ee351cfae 100644 --- a/mrk/07/36.md +++ b/mrk/07/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the more he ordered them -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:command]] +The refers to him ordering them not to tell anyone about what he had done. AT: "the more he ordered them not to tell anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# the more abundantly +"the more widely" or "the more" + +# extremely + +"utterly" or "exceedingly" or "beyond all measure" + +# the deaf ... the mute + +These refer to people. AT: "deaf people ... mute people" or "people who cannot hear ... people who cannot speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/intro.md b/mrk/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..13a968b2a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Mark 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:6-7, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hand washing ##### +This was a practice done by the Pharisees, but it was not an obligation according to the law of Moses. The Pharisees had many rituals involving washing in an attempt to make themselves clean. This is ironic because no amount of water could make them spiritually clean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Ephphatha" ##### + +This is a phrase in Aramaic. Mark does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Aramaic letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/01.md b/mrk/08/01.md index 868c0784ac..01e8ae6c8c 100644 --- a/mrk/08/01.md +++ b/mrk/08/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +A great, hungry crowd is with Jesus. He feeds them using only seven loaves and a few fish before Jesus and his disciples get in a boat to go to another place. -## translationNotes +# In those days -* **three days** - "3 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **they may faint** - Possible meanings: 1) "they may lose consciousness temporarily" or 2) "they may become weak" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Where can we get enough loaves of bread in such a deserted place to satisfy these people?** - The disciples are expressing surprise that Jesus would expect them to be able to find enough food. AT: "This place is so deserted that there is no place here for us to get enough loaves of bread to satisfy these people!" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This phrase is used to introduce a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# because they continue to be with me already for three days + +"because this is this third day these people have been with me" + +# they may faint + +Possible meanings are 1) literal, "they may lose consciousness temporarily" or 2) hyperbolic exaggeration, "they may become weak." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Where can we get enough loaves of bread in such a deserted place to satisfy these people? + +The disciples are expressing surprise that Jesus would expect them to be able to find enough food. AT: "This place is so deserted that there is no place here for us to get enough loaves of bread to satisfy these people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# loaves of bread + +A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/05.md b/mrk/08/05.md index b1bdd24f04..037d212119 100644 --- a/mrk/08/05.md +++ b/mrk/08/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He asked them -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"Jesus asked his disciples" -## translationNotes +# He commanded the crowd to sit down on the ground -* **sit down** - Use your language's word for how people customarily eat when there is no table, whether sitting or lying down. +This can be written as a direct quote. "Jesus commanded the crowd, 'Sit down on the ground'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# sit down + +Use your language's word for how people customarily eat when there is no table, whether sitting or lying down. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/07.md b/mrk/08/07.md index 9878a0d5e9..56fc9d1e97 100644 --- a/mrk/08/07.md +++ b/mrk/08/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# They also had -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Here the word "they" is used to refer to Jesus and his disciples. -## translationNotes +# he gave thanks for them -* **Dalmanutha** - an area on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"Jesus gave thanks for the fish" + +# They ate + +"The people ate" + +# they picked up + +"the disciples picked up" + +# the remaining broken pieces, seven large baskets + +This refers to the broken pieces of fish and bread that were left over after the people ate. AT: "the remaining broken pieces of bread and fish, which filled seven large baskets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then he sent them away + +It may be helpful to clarify when he sent them away. AT: "After they ate, Jesus sent them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they went into the region of Dalmanutha + +It may be helpful to clarify how they got to Dalmanutha. AT: "they sailed around the Sea of Galilee to the region of Dalmanutha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Dalmanutha + +This is the name of a place on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/11.md b/mrk/08/11.md index c312fad157..0e78c82b0c 100644 --- a/mrk/08/11.md +++ b/mrk/08/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +In Dalmanutha, Jesus refuses to give the Pharisees a sign before he and his disciples get in a boat and leave. -## translationNotes +# They sought from him -* **sought** - "tried to get" -* **sighed** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mrk:07:33]]. -* **Why does this generation seek for a sign?** - Jesus is scolding them. AT: "This generation should not seek a sign." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **does this generation** - "do all you people" +"They asked him for" + +# from heaven + +Here "heaven" refers to the place where God lives, and it is a metonym for God. AT: "from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to test him + +The Pharisees tried to test Jesus to make him prove that he was from God. Some information can be made explicit. AT: "to prove that God had sent him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sighed + +This means to take in and then let out a long breath. See how you translated this in [Mark 7:34](../07/33.md). + +# in his spirit + +"in himself" + +# Why does this generation seek for a sign? + +Jesus is scolding them. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "This generation should not seek a sign." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this generation + +When Jesus speaks of "this generation," he is referring to the people who lived at that time. There Pharisees are included in this group. AT: "you and the people of this generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no sign will be given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not give a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he left them, got into a boat again + +Jesus disciples went with him. Some information can be made explicit. AT: "he left them, got into a boat again with his disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to the other side + +This describes the Sea of Galilee, which can be stated clearly. AT: "to the other side of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/14.md b/mrk/08/14.md index 860a52358b..15426df557 100644 --- a/mrk/08/14.md +++ b/mrk/08/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:herodantipas]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +While Jesus and his disciples are in a boat, they have a discussion about the lack of understanding among the Pharisees and Herod, though they had seen many signs. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **"Keep watch and be on guard** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Jesus uses them to emphasize this warning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod** - AT: "false teachings of the Pharisees and the false teachings of Herod" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about the disciples forgetting to bring bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# no more than one loaf + +The negative phrase "no more" is used to emphasize how small an amount of bread they had. AT: "only one loaf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Keep watch and be on guard + +These two terms have a common meaning and are repeated here for emphasis. They can be combined. AT: "Keep watch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod + +Here Jesus is speaking to his disciples in a metaphor they do not understand. Jesus is comparing the Pharisees' and Herod's teachings to yeast, but you should not explain this when you translate it because the disciples themselves did not understand it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/16.md b/mrk/08/16.md index 4a71aabb3e..c54b6b934e 100644 --- a/mrk/08/16.md +++ b/mrk/08/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It is because we have no bread -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +In this statement, it may be helpful to state that "it" refers to what Jesus had said. AT: "He must have said that because we have no bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# no bread -* **Why are you reasoning about not having bread?** - Jesus is frustrated because they do not understand. AT: "You should not be thinking that I am talking about physical bread." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The word "no" is an exaggeration. The disciples did have one loaf of bread ([Mark 8:14](./14.md)), but that was not much different from having no bread at all. AT: "very little bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Why are you reasoning about not having bread? + +Here Jesus is mildly rebuking his disciples because they should have understood what he had been talking about. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not be thinking that I am talking about actual bread." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not yet perceive? Do you not understand? + +These questions have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that they do not understand. This can be written as one question or as a statement. AT: "Do you not yet understand?" or "You should perceive and understand by now the things I say and do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have your hearts become so dull? + +This metaphor refers to them not being open or willing to understand what Jesus meant. This can also be written as a statement. AT: "How are your hearts not open to understanding what I say?" or "Your hearts are not willing to understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/18.md b/mrk/08/18.md index c83364e92c..92e5831750 100644 --- a/mrk/08/18.md +++ b/mrk/08/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You have eyes, do you not see? You have ears, do you not hear? Do you not remember? -* [[en:tw:bread]] +Jesus continues to mildly rebuke his disciples. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "You have eyes, but you do not understand what you see. You have ears, but you do not understand what you hear. You should remember." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the five thousand -* **You have eyes, do you not see? You have ears, do you not hear? Do you not remember?** - Jesus is frustrated because they do not understand. AT: "You have eyes, but you do not understand what you see! You have ears, but you do not understand what you hear! You should remember!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]} +This refers to the 5,000 people Jesus fed. AT: "the 5,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# how many baskets full of broken pieces of bread did you take up + +It may be helpful to state when they collected the baskets of pieces. AT: "how many baskets full of broken pieces of bread did you collect after everyone finished eating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/20.md b/mrk/08/20.md index 81f9a4597f..65f333102b 100644 --- a/mrk/08/20.md +++ b/mrk/08/20.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the four thousand +This refers to the 4,000 people Jesus fed. AT: "the 4,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# how many basketfuls did you take up -* **"Do you not yet understand?"** - AT: "You should understand by now that I am not talking about physical bread." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +It may be helpful to state when they collected these. AT: "how many baskets full of broken pieces of bread did you collect after everyone finished eating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do you not yet understand? + +Jesus is mildly rebuking his disciples for not understanding. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should understand by now the things I say and do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/22.md b/mrk/08/22.md index b0dd6295ad..62eb7bfc2b 100644 --- a/mrk/08/22.md +++ b/mrk/08/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +When Jesus and his disciples get out of their boat at Bethsaida, Jesus heals a blind man. -## translationNotes +# Bethsaida -* **Bethsaida** - A city east of the Jordan River (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a town on the northern shores of the Sea of Galilee. See how you translated the name of this town in [Mark 6:45](../06/45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to touch him + +It may be helpful to state why they wanted Jesus to touch the man. AT: "to touch him in order to heal him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When he had spit on his eyes ... he asked him + +"When Jesus had spit on the man's eyes ... Jesus asked the man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/24.md b/mrk/08/24.md index fa3ce1c44d..474da8388b 100644 --- a/mrk/08/24.md +++ b/mrk/08/24.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He looked up -* [[en:tw:like]] +"The man looked up" -## translationNotes +# I see men who look like walking trees +The man sees men walking around, yet they are not clear to him, so he compares them to trees. AT: "Yes, I see people! They are walking around, but I cannot see them clearly. They look like trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Then he again + +"Then Jesus again" + +# and the man opened his eyes, his sight was restored + +The phrase "his sight was restored" can be written in active form. AT: "restoring the man's sight, and then the man opened his eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/27.md b/mrk/08/27.md index 7a27584c0e..b7787a65ec 100644 --- a/mrk/08/27.md +++ b/mrk/08/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesarea]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Jesus and his disciples talk on their way to the villages of Caesarea Philippi about who Jesus is and what will happen to him. -## translationNotes +# They answered him and said +"They answered him, saying," + +# John the Baptist + +This is the disciples' answer, which some people said Jesus was. This can be shown more clearly. AT: "Some people say that you are John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Others say ... others + +The word "others" refers to other people. This refers to their responses to Jesus' question. AT: "Other people say you are ... other people say you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/29.md b/mrk/08/29.md index 69a1582033..800d231952 100644 --- a/mrk/08/29.md +++ b/mrk/08/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He asked them -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +"Jesus asked his disciples" -## translationNotes +# Jesus warned them not to tell anyone about him +Jesus did not want them to tell anyone that he was the Christ. This can be made more explicit. Also, this can also be written as a direct quote. AT: "Jesus warned them not to tell anyone that he is the Christ" or "Jesus warned them, 'Do not tell anyone that I am the Christ'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/31.md b/mrk/08/31.md index e3f48faec0..2596056cfe 100644 --- a/mrk/08/31.md +++ b/mrk/08/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Son of Man -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## translationNotes +# would be rejected by the elders ... and after three days rise up -* **the Son of Man must suffer many things, be rejected by the elders and the chief priests and the scribes, be killed, and be raised back to life** - AT: "the elders and the chief priests and the scribes would reject the Son of Man and kill him, and that God would raise him back to life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **three days** - "3 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the elders and the chief priests and the scribes would reject him, and that men would kill him and after three days he would rise up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He said this clearly + +"He said this in a way that was easy to understand" + +# began to rebuke him + +Peter rebuked Jesus for saying the things he said would happen to the Son of Man. This can be made explicit. AT: "began to rebuke him for saying these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/33.md b/mrk/08/33.md index 08f35c5ba6..ae6a53fcf2 100644 --- a/mrk/08/33.md +++ b/mrk/08/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +After rebuking Peter for his not wanting Jesus to die and rise, Jesus tells both his disciples and the crowd how to follow him. -## translationNotes +# Get behind me, Satan! You are not setting -* Jesus is answering Peter's rebuke ([[:en:bible:notes:mrk:08:31]]). +Jesus means that Peter is acting like Satan because Peter is trying to prevent Jesus from accomplishing what God sent him to do. AT: "Get behind me Satan! I call you Satan because you are not setting" or "Get behind me, because you are acting like Satan! You are not setting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Get behind me + +"Get away from me" + +# follow me + +Following Jesus here represents being one of his disciples. AT: "be my disciple" or "be one of my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# must deny himself + +"must not give in to his own desires" or "must forsake his own desires" + +# take up his cross, and follow me + +"carry his cross and follow me." The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. AT: "must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# follow me + +Following Jesus here represents obeying him. AT: "obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/35.md b/mrk/08/35.md index 5d9ddbb842..848650222c 100644 --- a/mrk/08/35.md +++ b/mrk/08/35.md @@ -1,8 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# For whoever wants -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] +"For anyone who wants" -## translationNotes +# life -* **For** - Jesus is telling his disciples the reason they need to think of themselves as criminals about to die ([[:en:bible:notes:mrk:08:33]]). +This refers to both physical life and spiritual life. + +# for my sake and for the gospel + +"because of me and because of the gospel." Jesus is talking about people who lose their lives because they follow Jesus and the gospel. This can be stated clearly. AT: "because he follows me and tells others the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What does it profit a person, to gain the whole world, and then forfeit his life? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "Even if a person gains the whole world, it will not benefit him if he forfeits his life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to gain the whole world + +The words "the whole world" are an exaggeration for great riches. AT: "if he gains everything he ever wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# forfeit + +To forfeit something is to lose it or to have another person take it away. + +# What can a person give in exchange for his life? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing a person can give in exchange for his life." or "No one can give anything in exchange for his life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What can a person give + +If in your language "giving" requires someone to receive what is given, "God" can be stated as the receiver. AT: "What can a person give to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/38.md b/mrk/08/38.md index ea7ed78430..7de3d2fc1e 100644 --- a/mrk/08/38.md +++ b/mrk/08/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in this adulterous and sinful generation -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus speaks of this generation as "adulterous," meaning that they are unfaithful in their relationship with God. AT: "in this generation of people who have committed adultery against God and are very sinful" or "in this generation of people who are unfaithful to God and are very sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Son of Man -* Jesus had just told the crowd and his disciples how much more valuable following him is than having anything in this world. +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# when he comes + +"when he comes back" + +# in the glory of his Father + +When Jesus returns he will have the same glory as his Father. + +# with the holy angels + +"accompanied by the holy angels" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/intro.md b/mrk/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de0cfaaad6 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Mark 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bread ##### +Bread is a special image in this chapter. Jesus gave the people their daily need for bread as God provided manna for Israel every day in the wilderness. Mark also spoke of yeast, the ingredient that causes bread to rise before it is baked. Yeast is used as a negative metaphor in scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "Adulterous generation" ##### +This is a common image in scripture used to represent a generation of God's people who were unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Jesus uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter as a way of both teaching the disciples and of convicting the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [Mark 8:17-21](./16.md)) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, and appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "Whoever wants to save his life will lose it" ([Mark 8:35-37](./35.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/01.md b/mrk/09/01.md index c1e6b27f87..7ad3ab010a 100644 --- a/mrk/09/01.md +++ b/mrk/09/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jamesbrotherofjesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Jesus has just been talking to the people and his disciples about following him. Six days later, Jesus goes with three of his disciples up a mountain where his appearance changes, so he looks as he will one day in the kingdom of God. -## translationNotes +# He said to them -* Jesus had just been talking to the people and his disciples about following him. -* **he was transfigured** - "he changed into another form" or "he appeared very different" (UDB) -* **radiantly brilliant** - "exceedingly white" -* **bleacher on earth could bleach them** - "Bleach" is a chemical used to remove stains from clothes and to make them white. A "bleacher" is someone who does the stain removal. +"Jesus said to his disciples" + +# the kingdom of God come with power + +The kingdom of God coming represents God showing himself as king. AT: "God show himself with great power as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# alone by themselves + +The author uses the reflexive pronoun "themselves" here to emphasize that they were alone and that only Jesus, Peter, James, and John went up the mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# he was transfigured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he appeared very different" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# before them + +"in front of them" + +# radiantly brilliant + +"shining" or "glowing." Jesus' garments were so white they were emitting or putting out light. + +# extremely + +"very, very" + +# whiter than any bleacher on earth could bleach them + +Bleaching describes the process of making natural white wool even whiter by using chemicals like bleach or ammonia. AT: "whiter than any person on earth could whiten them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/04.md b/mrk/09/04.md index ac2caf3584..024ec50c07 100644 --- a/mrk/09/04.md +++ b/mrk/09/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Elijah with Moses -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] +It may be helpful to state who these men are. AT: "two prophets who had lived long ago, Moses and Elijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they were talking -* **terrified** - "very frightened" +The word "they" refers to Elijah and Moses. + +# Peter answered and said to Jesus + +"Peter said to Jesus." Here the word "answered" is used to introduce Peter into the conversation. Peter was not answering a question. + +# it is good for us to be here + +It is not clear whether "us" refers only to Peter, James, and John, or if it refers to everyone there, including Jesus, Elijah, and Moses. If you can translate so that both options are possible, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# shelters + +"tents." This refers to simple temporary dwellings. + +# For he did not know what to say, for they were terrified + +This parenthetical sentence tells background information about Peter, James, and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# terrified + +"very frightened" or "very afraid" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/07.md b/mrk/09/07.md index 6efd350482..24c0c29700 100644 --- a/mrk/09/07.md +++ b/mrk/09/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# came and overshadowed -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +"appeared and covered" -## translationNotes +# Then a voice came out of the cloud -* Jesus had taken Peter, James, and John up a high mountain where Jesus appeared in bright white clothes. +The "voice" is a metonym for God. Also, the "voice" is described as "coming out of the cloud," meaning that they heard God speaking from the cloud. AT: "Then God spoke from the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# This is my beloved Son. Listen to him + +God the Father expresses his love for his "beloved Son," the Son of God. + +# beloved Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# when they looked + +Here "they" refers to Peter, James, and John. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/09.md b/mrk/09/09.md index 2971101d74..ca9ce308a4 100644 --- a/mrk/09/09.md +++ b/mrk/09/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he commanded them to tell no one ... until the Son of Man had risen -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This implies that he was permitting them to tell people about what they had seen only after he rose from being dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# risen from the dead ones ... to rise from the dead ones -* Jesus had taken Peter, James, and John up a high mountain where Jesus appeared in bright white clothes along with Moses and Elijah. -* **So they kept the matter between themselves** - "So they did not talk about these things with anybody who did not also see them happen". -* **"to rise from the dead"** - "to come alive after dying" +"risen from the dead ... to rise from the dead" or "risen from among the dead ones ... to rise from among the dead ones." This means to become alive again. The phrase "the dead ones" refers to "dead people" and is a metaphor for being dead. AT: "risen from being dead ... to rise from being dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So they kept the matter to themselves + +Here "kept the matter to themselves" is an idiom that means they did not tell anyone about what they had seen. AT: "So they did not tell anyone about what they had seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/11.md b/mrk/09/11.md index d594717aec..ccd6a59555 100644 --- a/mrk/09/11.md +++ b/mrk/09/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Though Peter, James, and John wondered what Jesus might mean by "rising from the dead," they asked him instead about Elijah's coming. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus had just taken Peter, James, and John up a high mountain where Jesus appeared in bright white clothes along with Moses and Elijah. -* **Elijah does indeed...people will hate him?** - Prophecy foretold Elijah would come again from Heaven, then the Messiah, the Son of Man, would come to rule and reign. Other prophecies also foretold that the Son of Man would suffer and be hated by people. The disciples are confused how both could be true. -* **Elijah has come** - In prophecy, there is often a double fulfillment. +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 12 and 13, giving the information Jesus is telling them in an order that is easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# They asked him + +The word "they" refers to Peter, James, and John. + +# Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first? + +Prophecy foretold that Elijah would come again from heaven. Then the Messiah, who is the Son of Man, would come to rule and reign. Other prophecies also foretold that the Son of Man would suffer and be hated by people. The disciples are confused how both could be true. + +# that Elijah must come first + +The scribes taught that Elijah would come back to earth before the Messiah came. AT: "that Elijah must come first before the Messiah comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then why is it written ... who is worthless? + +As Jesus is teaching his disciples, he asks this question and then tells his disciples the answer. This may be expressed as a statement. AT: "But I also want you to consider what is written about the Son of Man. The scriptures say that he must suffer many things and be treated as one who is worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# be treated as one who is worthless + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "people will treat him as one who is worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they did whatever they wanted to him + +It may be helpful to state what people did to him. AT: "our leaders treated him very badly, just as they wanted to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/14.md b/mrk/09/14.md index 378cf3ab5a..2f59d7a236 100644 --- a/mrk/09/14.md +++ b/mrk/09/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +When Peter, James, John, and Jesus came down from the mountain, they found the scribes arguing with the other disciples. -## translationNotes +# When they came to the disciples -* Jesus had just taken Peter, James, and John up a high mountain where Jesus appeared in bright white clothes along with Moses and Elijah. -* **arguing** - "discussing" or "disputing" or "questioning" +Jesus, Peter, James, and John returned to the other disciples who had not gone with them up the mountain. + +# they saw a great crowd around them + +"Jesus and those three disciples saw a great crowd around the other disciples" + +# scribes were arguing with them + +The scribes were arguing with the disciples who had not gone with Jesus. + +# was amazed + +It may be helpful to state why they were amazed. AT: "was amazed that Jesus had come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/17.md b/mrk/09/17.md index b997b6e9f9..e7fcacb4bc 100644 --- a/mrk/09/17.md +++ b/mrk/09/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +To explain what the scribes and other disciples were arguing about, a father of a demon-possessed man tells Jesus that he has asked the disciples to send the demon out of his son, but they could not. Jesus then casts the demon out of the boy. Later the disciples ask why they were not able to send the demon away. -## translationNotes +# He has a spirit -* Jesus had just arrived where he and his other disciples had been arguing with the lawyers. -* **drive it out of him** - "drive the spirit out of my son" or "send the demon away" -* **bear with you** - "endure you" or "put up with you" +This means the boy is possessed by an unclean spirit. "He has an unclean spirit" or "He is possessed by an unclean spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he foams at the mouth + +When a person has a seizure, they can have trouble breathing or swallowing. This causes white foam to come out of the mouth. If your language has a way to describe that, you could use it. + +# becomes rigid + +"becomes stiff." This refers to the boy's body becoming stiff. AT: "his body becomes rigid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# they could not + +This refers to the disciples not being about to drive the spirit out of the boy. AT: "they could not drive it out of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# He answered them + +Though it was the boy's father who made a request of Jesus, Jesus responds to the whole crowd. This can be made clear. AT: "Jesus responded to the crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Unbelieving generation + +"You unbelieving generation." Jesus calls the crowd this, as he begins to respond to them. + +# how long will I have to stay with you? ... bear with you? + +Jesus uses these questions to express his frustration. Both questions have the same meaning. They can be written as statements. AT: "I have become weary by your unbelief!" or "Your unbelief tires me! I wonder how long I must bear with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# bear with you + +"endure you" or "put up with you" + +# Bring him to me + +"Bring the boy to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/20.md b/mrk/09/20.md index f84060dc79..9c2403eefb 100644 --- a/mrk/09/20.md +++ b/mrk/09/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# spirit -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +This refers to the unclean spirit. See how you translated this in [Mark 9:17](./17.md). -## translationNotes +# convulsion -* The boy's father had just told Jesus that his disciples could not heal his son. -* **have pity** - "feel mercy" or "have kindness" +This is a condition where a person has no control over his body, and his body shakes violently. + +# Since childhood + +"Since he was a small child." It may be helpful to state this as a full sentence. AT: "He has been like this since he was a small child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# have pity + +"have compassion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/23.md b/mrk/09/23.md index da080f8359..9d6b5b32cd 100644 --- a/mrk/09/23.md +++ b/mrk/09/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# 'If you are able'? -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +Jesus repeated what the man had said to him. AT: "Do you say to me 'If you are able'?" or "Why do you say 'If you are able'?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# 'If you are able'? -* **Jesus said to him, "'If you are able'? All things...."** - Jesus is rebuking the man's doubt. AT: "Jesus said to him, 'Why do you say, "If you are able"? All things....'" or "Jesus said to him, 'You should not have said, "If you are able"! All things....'" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus used this question to rebuke the man's doubt. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You should not say to me, 'If you are able.'" or "You ask me if I am able. Of course I am able." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# All things are possible for the one who believes + +"God can do anything for people who believe in him" + +# for the one + +"for the person" + +# believes + +This refers to belief in God. AT: "believes in God" + +# Help my unbelief + +The man is asking Jesus to help him overcome his unbelief and increase his faith. AT: "Help me when I do not believe" or "Help me have more faith" + +# the crowd running to them + +This means that more people were running toward where Jesus was and that the crowd there was growing larger. + +# You mute and deaf spirit + +The words "mute" and "deaf" can be explained. AT: "You unclean spirit, you who are causing the boy to be unable to hear and unable to speak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/26.md b/mrk/09/26.md index fe41f1ac37..de73b2befe 100644 --- a/mrk/09/26.md +++ b/mrk/09/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It cried out -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:like]] +"The unclean spirit cried out" -## translationNotes +# convulsed the boy greatly -* Jesus had just told the demon to come out of the boy. -* **The boy looked like one who was dead** - "The boy appeared dead" or "The boy seemed dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"shook the boy violently" + +# came out + +It is implied that the spirit came out of the boy. AT: "came out of the boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The boy looked like one who was dead + +The boy's appearance is compared to that of a dead person. AT: "The boy appeared dead" or "The boy looked like a dead person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# so that many + +"so that many people" + +# took him by the hand + +This means that Jesus grasped the boy's hand with his own hand. AT: "grasped the boy by the hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# lifted him up + +"helped him get up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/28.md b/mrk/09/28.md index 66298a6833..770695f23b 100644 --- a/mrk/09/28.md +++ b/mrk/09/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# privately -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +This means they were alone. -## translationNotes +# cast it out -* Jesus had just healed the demon possessed boy whom the disciples had not healed. +"cast the unclean spirit out." This refers to casting the spirit out of the boy. AT: "cast the unclean spirit out of the boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# This kind cannot be cast out except by prayer + +The words "cannot" and "except" are both negative words. In some languages it is more natural to use a positive statement. AT: "This kind can be cast out only by prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# This kind + +This describes unclean spirits. AT: "This kind of unclean spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/30.md b/mrk/09/30.md index 8a450a2c42..d0bb162294 100644 --- a/mrk/09/30.md +++ b/mrk/09/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +Jesus and his disciples left the house where they had been after Jesus had healed the demon-possessed boy. He takes time to teach his disciples alone. -## translationNotes +# They went out from there -* Jesus and his disciples left the house where they had been after Jesus healed the demon possessed boy. -* **passed through** - "went through" or "passed by" -* **three days** - "3 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"Jesus and his disciples left that region" + +# passed through + +"traveled through" or "passed by" + +# for he was teaching his disciples + +Jesus was teaching his disciples privately, away from the crowd. This can be stated clearly. AT: "for he was teaching his disciples privately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The Son of Man + +Here Jesus refers to himself as the Son of Man. This is an important title for Jesus. "I, the Son of Man," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# into the hands of men + +Here "hands" is a metonym for control. AT: "into the control of men" or "to the control of men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When he has been put to death, after three days + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After they have put him to death and three days have passed," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they were afraid to ask him + +They were afraid to ask Jesus what his statement meant. AT: "they were afraid to ask him what it meant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/33.md b/mrk/09/33.md index f86b0a81b2..fc2f6d590e 100644 --- a/mrk/09/33.md +++ b/mrk/09/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:capernaum]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +When they come to Capernaum, Jesus teaches his disciples about being humble servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# they came to -* Jesus and his disciples had just come from Galilee so he could teach them without the crowds. +"they arrived at." The word "they" refers to Jesus and his disciples. + +# discussing + +"discussing with one another" + +# they were silent + +They were silent because they were ashamed to tell Jesus what they had been discussing. AT: "they were silent because they were ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who was the greatest + +Here "the greatest" refers to "the greatest" among the disciples. AT: "who was the greatest among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If anyone wants to be first, he must be last of all + +Here the words "first" and "last" are opposites of one another. Jesus speaks of being the "most important" as being "first" and of being the "least important" as being "last." AT: "If anyone wants God to consider him to be the most important person of all, he must consider himself to be the least important of all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of all ... of all + +"of all people ... of all people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/36.md b/mrk/09/36.md index d8e3c8afe0..f5af5f077d 100644 --- a/mrk/09/36.md +++ b/mrk/09/36.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in their midst -* [[en:tw:name]] +"among them." The word "their" refers to the crowd. -## translationNotes +# He took him in his arms +This means that he hugged the child or picked him up and placed him on his lap. + +# such a child + +"a child like this" + +# in my name + +This means to do something because of love for Jesus. AT: "because they love me" or "for my sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the one who sent me + +This refers to God who has sent him to earth. AT: "God who has sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/38.md b/mrk/09/38.md index c1a49d78b4..4496703fe4 100644 --- a/mrk/09/38.md +++ b/mrk/09/38.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# John said to him -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] +"John said to Jesus" -## translationNotes +# driving out demons -* Jesus had just told his disciples again that they were not to think of themselves as more important than even children who believe in him. -* **driving out demons** - "sending away demons" +"sending away demons." This refers to casting demons out of people. AT: "driving demons out of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" is associated with Jesus' authority and power. AT: "by the authority of your name" or "by the power of your name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he does not follow us + +This means that he is not among their group of disciples. AT: "he is not one of us" or "he does not walk with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/40.md b/mrk/09/40.md index 353736c86e..b421e307da 100644 --- a/mrk/09/40.md +++ b/mrk/09/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# is not against us -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] +"is not opposing us" -## translationNotes +# is for us +It can be explained clearly what this means. AT: "is trying to achieve the same goals that we are" + +# gives you a cup of water to drink because you belong to Christ + +Jesus speaks about giving someone a cup of water as an example of how one person may help another. This is a metaphor for helping someone in any way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not lose + +This negative sentence emphasizes the positive meaning. In some languages, it is more natural to use a positive statement. AT: "definitely receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/42.md b/mrk/09/42.md index 2176dee3b4..a37bacdac6 100644 --- a/mrk/09/42.md +++ b/mrk/09/42.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# millstone -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +a large, round stone used for grinding grain into flour -## translationNotes +# If your hand causes you to stumble -* **millstone** - a huge stone on which to grind grain to flour -* **unquenchable fire** - "fire that cannot be put out" -* **9:44** - Some early texts have this verse, but others do not. +Here "hand" is a metonym for desiring to do something sinful that you would do with your hand. AT: "If you want to do something sinful with one of your hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to enter into life maimed + +"to be maimed and then to enter into life" or "to be maimed before entering into life" + +# to enter into life + +Dying and then beginning to live eternally is spoken of as entering into life. AT: "to enter into eternal life" or "to die and begin to live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# maimed + +missing a body part as a result of having it removed or being injured. Here it refers to missing a hand. AT: "without a hand" or "missing a hand" + +# into the unquenchable fire + +"where the fire cannot be put out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/45.md b/mrk/09/45.md index b9b55f5a8e..3f0573697b 100644 --- a/mrk/09/45.md +++ b/mrk/09/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# If your foot causes you to stumble -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +Here the word "foot" is a metonym for desiring to do something sinful that you would do with your feet, such as going to a place you should not go to. AT: "If you want to do something sinful with one of your feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to enter into life lame -* **and be thrown into hell** - "and for God to throw you into hell" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **9:46** - Some early texts have this verse, but others do not. +"to be lame and then to enter into life" or "to be lame before entering into life" + +# to enter into life + +Dying and then beginning to live eternally is spoken of as entering into life. AT: "to enter into eternal life" or "to die and begin to live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lame + +"unable to walk easily." Here it refers not being able to walk well because of missing a foot. AT: "without a foot" or "missing a foot" + +# be thrown into hell + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for God to throw you into hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/47.md b/mrk/09/47.md index 897bc3a010..e86542f38c 100644 --- a/mrk/09/47.md +++ b/mrk/09/47.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# If your eye causes you to stumble, tear it out -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +Here the word "eye" is a metonym for either 1) desiring to sin by looking at something. AT: "If you want to do something sinful by looking at something, tear your eye out." or 2) Desiring to sin because of what you have looked at. AT: "If you want to do something sinful because of what you look at, tear your eye out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes -* **their worm** - "the worms that eat their dead bodies" +This refers to the state of a person's physical body when he dies. A person does not take his physical body with him into eternity. AT: "to enter into the kingdom of God, after having lived on earth with only one eye, than to have lived on earth and had two eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to be thrown into hell + +This can be stated in the active form. AT: "for God to throw you into hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# where their worm does not die + +The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "where worms that eat people there do not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/49.md b/mrk/09/49.md index 69a20ed29a..bde8d9c039 100644 --- a/mrk/09/49.md +++ b/mrk/09/49.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# everyone will be salted with fire -* [[en:tw:peace]] +Here Jesus speaks of everyone being purified by experiencing suffering. Jesus speaks of suffering as if it were fire and giving suffering to people as if it were applying salt to them. This can be stated also in active form. AT: "Just as salt purifies a sacrifice, God will purify everyone by allowing them to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# its saltiness +"its salty taste" + +# how can you make it salty again? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "you cannot make it salty again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# salty again + +"taste salty again" + +# Have salt among yourselves + +Jesus speaks of doing good things for one another as if good things were salt that people possess. AT: "Do good to each other, like salt adds flavor to food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/intro.md b/mrk/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bb4247a22 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Mark 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Transfiguration ##### + +The glory of God is seen as a great, brilliant light in scripture. God's grandeur always produces fear in the person who sees it. Such an event is presented in this chapter. It is called the "transfiguration" because Jesus is changed or transfigured and he shows some of his divine glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]). + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "It would be better" ##### + +This phrase introduces teachings that are intended to be taken as hyperbole. Otherwise, the church would be full of people without any hands. It is best to ensure your readers know these instructions are general principles not to be taken "literally." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [Mark 9:42-48](./42.md)) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Elijah and Moses ##### +Elijah and Moses suddenly appear and disappear to Jesus, James, John and Peter. The translator may ask: is this a vision or did they actually appear to these men in physical form? It is best to translate this passage as if they appeared physically because thy were talking with Jesus. + +##### "Son of Man" ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or appears to contradict itself. For example, "If anyone wants to be first, he must be last of all and servant of all." (See: [Mark 9:35](./33.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/01.md b/mrk/10/01.md index a297118eb0..9c68986d5c 100644 --- a/mrk/10/01.md +++ b/mrk/10/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:lawful]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +After Jesus and his disciples leave Capernaum, Jesus reminds the Pharisees, as well as his disciples, what God really expects in marriage and divorce. -## translationNotes +# Jesus left that place -* Jesus and his disciples had just left Capernaum. +Jesus' disciples were traveling with him. They were leaving Capernaum. AT: "Jesus and his disciples left Capernaum" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and to the area beyond the Jordan River + +"that was beyond the Jordan River" or "that was across the Jordan River" + +# He was teaching them again + +The word "them" refers to the crowds. + +# he was accustomed to do + +"was his custom" or "he usually did" + +# What did Moses command you + +Moses gave the law to their ancestors, which they now were also supposed to follow. AT: "What did Moses command your ancestors about this" + +# a certificate of divorce + +This was a paper saying that the woman was no longer his wife. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/05.md b/mrk/10/05.md index b0a0bce6bd..cad846b170 100644 --- a/mrk/10/05.md +++ b/mrk/10/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# "It was because ... this law," Jesus said to them. "But -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:law]] +In some languages speakers do not interrupt a quote to say who is speaking. Rather they say who is speaking at the beginning or end of the complete quote. AT: "Jesus said to them, 'It was because ... this law. But" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# your hard hearts that he wrote you -* **your hard hearts** - "your stubbornness" +Moses wrote the law for their ancestors, which they now were also supposed to follow. AT: "your ancestors' hard hearts that he wrote them this law" + +# your hard hearts + +This means that they were very stubborn. AT: "your stubbornness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# God made them male and female + +Jesus quoted this from what God said in the book of Genesis. + +# God made them + +"God made people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/07.md b/mrk/10/07.md index e3138a2266..02f7aa4698 100644 --- a/mrk/10/07.md +++ b/mrk/10/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For this reason a man ... one flesh -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Jesus continues to quote what God said in the book of Genesis. -## translationNotes +# For this reason -* **So they are no longer two, but one flesh** - This is a metaphor to illustrate their close physical union as husband and wife. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Therefore" or "Because of this" + +# cleave to + +"join with" or "cling to" + +# they are no longer two, but one flesh + +This is a metaphor to illustrate their close union as husband and wife. AT: "the two people will be like one person" or "they are no longer two, but together they are one body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Therefore what God has joined together, let no man tear apart + +This statement can be written more explicitly. AT: "Therefore since God joins together a husband and wife, let no man tear them apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/10.md b/mrk/10/10.md index 7eca750784..707217c75d 100644 --- a/mrk/10/10.md +++ b/mrk/10/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# When they were -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:divorce]] +"When Jesus and his disciples were" -## translationNotes +# were in the house +Jesus' disciples were speaking to him privately. AT: were alone in the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# asked him again about this + +The word "this" refers to the conversation that Jesus had just had with the Pharisees about divorce. + +# Whoever + +"If any man" + +# commits adultery against her + +Here "her" refers to the first woman he was married to. + +# she commits adultery + +In this situation she commits adultery again her previous husband. AT: "she commits adultery against him" or "she commits adultery against the first man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/13.md b/mrk/10/13.md index 29c8f956f9..61d92f8a5c 100644 --- a/mrk/10/13.md +++ b/mrk/10/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +When the disciples rebuke the people for bringing their little children to Jesus, he blesses the children and reminds the disciples that people must be as humble as a child to enter the kingdom of God. -## translationNotes +# Then they brought +"Now people were bringing." This is the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# he might touch them + +This means that Jesus would touch them with his hands and bless them. AT: "he might touch them with his hands and bless them" or "he might lay his hands on them and bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# rebuked them + +"rebuked the people" + +# Jesus noticed it + +The word "it" refers to the disciples rebuking the people who were bringing the children to Jesus. + +# was very displeased + +"became angry" + +# Permit the little children to come to me, and do not forbid them + +These two clauses have similar meanings, repeated for emphasis. In some languages it is more natural to emphasize this in another way. AT: "Be sure to allow the little children to come to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# do not forbid + +This is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to use a positive statement. AT: "allow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# for the kingdom of God belongs to those who are like them + +The kingdom belonging to people represents the kingdom including them. AT: "the kingdom of God includes people who are like them" or "because only people like them are members of the kingdom of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/15.md b/mrk/10/15.md index 97f2efc3e7..bc23498cd5 100644 --- a/mrk/10/15.md +++ b/mrk/10/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# whoever -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +"if anyone" -## translationNotes +# as a little child +Jesus is comparing how people must receive the kingdom of God to how little children would receive it. AT: "in the same manner as a child would" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# will not receive the kingdom of God + +"will not accept God as their king" + +# definitely not enter it + +The word "it" refers to the kingdom of God. + +# he took the children into his arms + +"he hugged the children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/17.md b/mrk/10/17.md index f629bceb93..29e319cfff 100644 --- a/mrk/10/17.md +++ b/mrk/10/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to inherit eternal life -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +Here the man speaks of "receiving" as if it were "inheriting." This metaphor is used to emphasize the importance of receiving. Also, "inherit" here does not mean that someone has to die first. AT: to receive eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Why do you call me good? No one is good, except God alone -* **Why do you call me good?** - AT: "You should consider carefully what you are implying(OR , that you are implying that I am God) by calling me good, because only God is good! See: ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus is asking the man if he realizes that calling Jesus "good" implies that Jesus is God. AT: "You know that no one is good except God alone. Why do you call me good?" or "You know that no one is good except God alone. Do you understand what you are saying when you call me good?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# good, except God alone + +"good. Only God is good" + +# do not testify falsely + +"do not testify falsely against anyone" or "do not lie about someone in court" + +# honor + +This means to respect and obey. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/20.md b/mrk/10/20.md index 2bc6b7cea6..df7fa409f1 100644 --- a/mrk/10/20.md +++ b/mrk/10/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# One thing you lack -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +"There is one thing you are missing." Here Jesus speaks of the act of "not doing something" as "lacking something." AT: "There is one thing you have not yet done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# lack +not having something + +# give it to the poor + +Here the word "it" refers to the things he sells and is a metonym for the money he receives when he sells them. AT: "give the money to the poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the poor + +This refers to poor people. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# treasure + +"riches" + +# had many possessions + +"owned many things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/23.md b/mrk/10/23.md index 117b6c59e8..50c23491e9 100644 --- a/mrk/10/23.md +++ b/mrk/10/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# How difficult it is -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] +"It is very difficult" -## translationNotes +# Jesus said to them again -* **It is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye, than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.** - It is impossible for a camel to go through the eye of a needle. It is almost as difficult[1]for rich people to decide to let God rule their lives." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **eye of a needle** - The "eye of a needle" is the hole at the top of a needle. +"Jesus said to his disciples again" + +# Children + +"My children." Jesus refers to his disciples as "children," for he is teaching them as a father would teach his children. AT: "My friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how hard it is + +"it is very hard" + +# It is easier ... kingdom of God + +Jesus uses an exaggeration to emphasize how very difficult it is for rich people to get into the kingdom of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# It is easier for a camel + +This speaks of an impossible situation. If you cannot state this in this way in your language, it can be written as a hypothetical situation. AT: "It would be easier for a camel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# a needle's eye + +"the hole of a needle." This refers to the small hole in the end of a sewing needle that thread passes through. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/26.md b/mrk/10/26.md index 5e3b488b28..a88f4a92ca 100644 --- a/mrk/10/26.md +++ b/mrk/10/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They were -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +"The disciples were" -## translationNotes +# Then who can be saved? -* **Then who can be saved?** - "Then no one can be saved" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This can be written as a statement. AT: "If that is so, then no one will be saved!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# With people it is impossible, but not with God + +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "It is impossible for people to save themselves, but God can save them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Look, we have left everything and have followed you + +Here the word "Look" is used to draw attention to the words that come next. Similar emphasis can be expressed in other ways. AT: "We have left everything and have followed you!" + +# have left everything + +"have left everything behind" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/29.md b/mrk/10/29.md index cdd2a09b8c..deb121cf12 100644 --- a/mrk/10/29.md +++ b/mrk/10/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# there is no one who has left ... who will not receive -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +This can be stated positively. AT: "Everyone who has left ... will receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# lands -* **there is no one who has left ….who will not receive** - "anyone who has left…will receive." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **for my sake** - "for my benefit" or "for my gain" -* **this world** - "this life" or "this present age" -* **the world to come** - "the life to come" or "the age to come" +"plots of ground" + +# for my sake + +"for my cause" or "for me" + +# for the gospel + +"to proclaim the gospel" + +# this world + +"this life" or "this present age" + +# brothers, and sisters, and mothers, and children + +Like the list in verse 29, this describes the family in general. The word "fathers" is missing in verse 30, but it does not significantly change the meaning. + +# with persecutions, and in the world to come, eternal life + +This can be written more clearly. AT: "even though people will persecute them, in the world to come, they will have eternal life" + +# the world to come + +"the life to come" or "the age to come" + +# are first will be last, and the last first + +Here the words "first" and "last" are opposites of one another. Jesus speaks of being the "important" as being "first" and of being the "unimportant" as being "last." AT: "are important will be unimportant, and those who are unimportant will be important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the last first + +The phrase "the last" refers to people who are "last." Also, the understood verb in this clause may be supplied. AT: "those who are last will be first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/32.md b/mrk/10/32.md index 9a282ab656..1d64b82f65 100644 --- a/mrk/10/32.md +++ b/mrk/10/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# They were on the road ... and Jesus was going ahead of them -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +"Jesus and his disciples were walking on the road ... and Jesus was in front of his disciples" -## translationNotes +# those who were following behind -* **the Son of Man will be delivered** - "people will deliver the Son of Man" or "people will hand over the Son of Man." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"those who were following behind them." Some people were walking behind Jesus and his disciples. + +# See + +"Listen." Jesus uses this word to draw the people's attention, to let them know he is about to say something important. + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I, the Son of Man," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Son of Man will be delivered to + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will deliver the Son of Man to" or "they will hand the Son of Man over to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will condemn + +The word "They" refers to the chief priests and the scribes. + +# deliver him + +"hand him over to." This means Jesus will be given over to the control of the Gentiles. + +# They will mock + +"People will mock" + +# put him to death + +"kill him" + +# he will rise + +This refers to rising from the dead. AT: "he will rise from being dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/35.md b/mrk/10/35.md index 6be6157717..52412a63d2 100644 --- a/mrk/10/35.md +++ b/mrk/10/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# we ... us -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:zebedee]] +These words refer only to James and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# in your glory +"when you are glorified." The phrase "your glory" refers to when Jesus is glorified and rules over his kingdom. AT: "when you rule in your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/38.md b/mrk/10/38.md index e38b4c49ce..30a14453ee 100644 --- a/mrk/10/38.md +++ b/mrk/10/38.md @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# You do not know -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] +"You do not understand" -## translationNotes +# drink the cup -* James and John had just asked Jesus if they could sit next to Jesus when he ruled in his kingdom on earth. -* **the cup which I will drink** - Jesus uses this phrase to refer to the suffering which he is about to undergo. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the baptism with which I will be baptized** - Jesus uses this phrase to refer to the suffering which he is about to undergo. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "cup" refers to what Jesus must suffer. Undergoing suffering is often referred to as drinking from a cup. AT: "the cup of suffering that I will drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# endure the baptism + +Here "baptism" also refers to what Jesus must suffer. Just as water covers a person during baptism, suffering will overwhelm Jesus. AT: "endure the baptism of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We are able + +They respond this way, meaning that they are able to drink the same cup and endure the same baptism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# you will drink + +"you will drink as well" + +# with which I am baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which I will endure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But who is to sit at my right hand ... is not mine to give + +"But I am not the one who allows people to sit at my right hand or my left hand" + +# but it is for those for whom it has been prepared + +"but those places are for those for whom they have been prepared." The word "it" refers to the places to his right hand and to his left hand. + +# it has been prepared + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has prepared it" or "God has prepared them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/41.md b/mrk/10/41.md index b749a444f9..1dcf0c7ea6 100644 --- a/mrk/10/41.md +++ b/mrk/10/41.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# heard about this -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofzebedee]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +The word "this" refers to James and John asking to sit at Jesus' right and left hands. -## translationNotes +# Jesus called them -* **those who are considered rulers** - "those who are thought to be rulers" -* **dominate** - "have control of" or "have power over" -* **exercise** - "make use of" +"Jesus called his disciples" + +# those who are considered rulers of the Gentiles + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom the people consider to be the rulers of the Gentiles" or "those who rule over the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# considered + +"recognized as" + +# dominate + +"have control of" or "have power over" + +# exercise authority + +"flaunt their authority." This means that they show or use their authority in an overbearing way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/43.md b/mrk/10/43.md index f37c03556d..67d465ac6a 100644 --- a/mrk/10/43.md +++ b/mrk/10/43.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But it shall not be this way among you -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This refers back to the previous verse about the Gentile rulers. This can be stated clearly. AT: "But do not be like them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# become great -* **become great** - "be held in respect" or "be admired" -* **whoever** - "anyone" -* **For the Son of Man did not come to be served** - "For the Son of Man did not come to have people serve him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"be highly respected" + +# to be first + +This is a metaphor for being the most important. AT: "to be the most important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For the Son of Man did not come to be served + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "For the Son of Man did not come to have people serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be served, but to serve + +The missing words may be added. AT: "to be served by people, but to serve people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# for many + +"for many people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/46.md b/mrk/10/46.md index bf697a74e3..9706ee526a 100644 --- a/mrk/10/46.md +++ b/mrk/10/46.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] +As Jesus and his disciples continue walking toward Jerusalem, Jesus heals blind Bartimaeus, who then walks with them. -## translationNotes +# the son of Timaeus, Bartimaeus, a blind beggar -* Jesus and his disciples continued walking toward Jerusalem. -* **Bartimaeus** - A man's name (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Timaeus** - The name of the father of the blind beggar (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"a blind beggar named Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus." Bartimaeus is the name of a man. Timaeus is his father's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When he heard that it was Jesus + +Bartimaeus heard people saying that it was Jesus. AT: "When he heard people saying that it was Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Son of David + +Jesus is called the Son of David because he is a descendant of King David. AT: "You who are the Messiah descended from King David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Many + +"Many people" + +# all the more + +"even more" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/49.md b/mrk/10/49.md index aba8d81220..07708ba4dd 100644 --- a/mrk/10/49.md +++ b/mrk/10/49.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# commanded him to be called -* [[en:tw:call]] +This can be translated in active form or as as a direct quote. AT: "commanded others to call him" or "commanded them, 'Call him to come over here.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# They called -* While Jesus and his disciples had been walking toward Jerusalem, the blind man outside of Jericho had been calling out to Jesus. -* **commanded him to be called** - "commanded others to call him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Be brave** - "Don't be afraid" +The word "They" refers to the crowd. + +# brave + +"courageous" + +# He is calling for you + +"Jesus is calling for you" + +# sprang up + +"jumped up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/51.md b/mrk/10/51.md index 2b9307fac6..85f675a9f6 100644 --- a/mrk/10/51.md +++ b/mrk/10/51.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# answered him -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] +"answered the blind man" -## translationNotes +# to receive my sight -* Jesus and his disciples are going to Jerusalem. -* **sight** - "ability to see" -* **immediately** - "at once" or "without any delay" +"to be able to see" + +# Your faith has healed you + +This phrase is written this way to place emphasis on the man's faith. Jesus heals the man because he believes that Jesus can heal him. This can be made explicit. AT: "I am healing you because you believed in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he followed him + +"he followed Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/intro.md b/mrk/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2c80cef4e --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Mark 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:7-9, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jesus' teaching about divorce ##### + +In this chapter, Jesus teaches about divorce in response to a challenge from the Pharisees. Jesus bases his teaching on God's original intentions in creating marriage. Jesus implicitly shows the mistakes the religious leaders made in their traditions about marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter. Jesus uses them in his teaching to explain difficult issues. He also uses metaphors to conceal the truth about his death because it has not yet occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or appears to contradict itself. For example, "Whoever wishes to become great among you must be your servant." (See: [Mark 10:43](./43.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/01.md b/mrk/11/01.md index 15c0ea5cf7..163b7c0b1a 100644 --- a/mrk/11/01.md +++ b/mrk/11/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now as they came to Jerusalem ... Bethphage and Bethany, at the Mount of Olives -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +"When Jesus and his disciples came near to Jerusalem, they came to Bethphage and Bethany near the Mount of Olives" They have come to Bethphage and Bethany in the vicinity of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Bethphage -* Jesus and his disciples are going to Jerusalem. +This is the name of a village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# opposite us + +"ahead of us" + +# a colt + +This refers to a young donkey that is large enough to carry a man. + +# that has never been ridden + +This can be written in active form. AT: "that no one has ever ridden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Why are you doing this + +It can be written clearly what the word "this" refers to. AT: "Why are you untying and taking the colt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has need of it + +"needs it" + +# will immediately send it back here + +Jesus will send it back promptly when he is finished using it. AT: "will immediately send it back when he no longer needs it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/04.md b/mrk/11/04.md index fc5a98faa6..d9dd36aca9 100644 --- a/mrk/11/04.md +++ b/mrk/11/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They went +"The two disciples went" -## translationNotes +# colt +This refers to a young donkey that is large enough to carry a man. See how you translated this in [Mark 11:2](./01.md). + +# They spoke + +"They responded" + +# as Jesus told them + +"as Jesus had told them to respond." This refers to how Jesus had told them to respond to people's questions about taking the colt. + +# let them go their way + +This means that they allowed them to continue doing what they were doing. AT: "let them take the donkey with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/07.md b/mrk/11/07.md index a3d912733f..26928179b8 100644 --- a/mrk/11/07.md +++ b/mrk/11/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# threw their cloaks on it so Jesus could ride it -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] +"laid their cloaks on its back so Jesus could ride it." It is easier to ride a colt or a horse when there is a blanket or something similar on its back. In this case, the disciples threw their cloaks on it. -## translationNotes +# cloaks -* ** Hosanna** - The meaning of this term is unclear, but is probably best translated as an expression of welcome and praise, as in "Hail" or "Praise God" (UDB). +"coats" or "robes" + +# Many people spread their garments on the road + +It was a tradition to lay garments on the road in front of important people to honor them. This can be made explicit. AT: "Many people spread their garments on the road to honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# others spread branches they had cut from the fields + +It was a tradition to lay palm branches on the road in front of an important people to honor them. AT: "others spread branches on the road that they had cut from the fields, also to honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who followed + +"who followed him" + +# Hosanna + +This word means "save us" but can also mean "praise God!" Or it may be borrowed into your language. AT: "Praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# Blessed is the one + +This is referring to Jesus. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Blessed are you, the one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the name of the Lord + +This is a metonym for the Lord's authority. AT: "the authority of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Blessed is the coming kingdom + +"Blessed is the kingdom that is coming." This refers to Jesus coming and ruling as king. AT: "Blessed be the coming of your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Blessed is + +"May God bless" + +# of our father David + +Here David's ancestral line is referred to as himself. AT: "of the line of our father David" or "descended from our father David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hosanna in the highest + +Possible meanings are 1) "Praise God who is in heaven" or 2) "Let those who are in heaven shout 'Hosanna'." + +# the highest + +Here heaven is spoken of as "the highest." AT: "the highest heaven" or "heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/11.md b/mrk/11/11.md index 0f82c6f8a7..0c70658be4 100644 --- a/mrk/11/11.md +++ b/mrk/11/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the time being late -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +"because it was late in the day" -## translationNotes +# he went out to Bethany with the twelve +"he and his twelve disciples left Jerusalem and went to Bethany" + +# when they returned from Bethany + +"while they were going back to Jerusalem from Bethany" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/13.md b/mrk/11/13.md index c4ba9ef647..3436d67d5e 100644 --- a/mrk/11/13.md +++ b/mrk/11/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] +This happens while Jesus and his disciples are walking to Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# if he could find any fruit on it +"if there was any fruit on it" + +# he found nothing but leaves + +This means that he did not find any figs. AT: "he found only leaves and no figs on the tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# the season + +"the time of year" + +# He spoke to it, "No one will ever eat fruit from you again + +Jesus speaks to the fig tree and curses it. He speaks to it so that his disciples hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# He spoke to it + +"He spoke to the tree" + +# his disciples heard it + +The word "it" refers to Jesus speaking to the fig tree. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/15.md b/mrk/11/15.md index f42c225fe9..1c5e3a0871 100644 --- a/mrk/11/15.md +++ b/mrk/11/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They came -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"Jesus and his disciples came" -## translationNotes +# began to cast out the sellers and the buyers in the temple +Jesus is driving these people out of the temple. This can be written clearly. AT: "began to drive the sellers and buyers out of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the sellers and the buyers + +"the people who were buying and selling" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/17.md b/mrk/11/17.md index 70e9c7d9e6..9758d96096 100644 --- a/mrk/11/17.md +++ b/mrk/11/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +God said ahead of time in his word, through the prophet Isaiah, that his temple would be a house of prayer for all the nations. -## translationNotes +# Is it not written, 'My house will be called ... the nations'? -* **Is it not written,'My house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations'** - "It is written in the Scriptures that God said, 'I want my house to be called a house where people from all nations may pray', but you bandits have made it like a cave where you can hide! You know that!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus is rebuking the Jewish leaders for their misuse of the temple. This can be written as a statement. AT: "It is written in the scriptures that God said, 'I want my house to be called a house where people from all nations may pray'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But you have made it a den of robbers + +Jesus compares the people to robbers and the temple to a robbers' den. AT: "But you are like robbers who have made my house into a robbers' den" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a den of robbers + +"a cave where robbers hide" + +# they looked for a way + +"they were seeking a way" + +# When evening came + +"In the evening" + +# they left the city + +"Jesus and his disciples left the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/20.md b/mrk/11/20.md index 09556ad101..a9236ea258 100644 --- a/mrk/11/20.md +++ b/mrk/11/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] +Jesus uses the example of the fig tree to remind the disciples to have faith in God. -## translationNotes +# walked by -* **the fig tree withered away to its roots** - AT: "the fig tree dried up to its roots and died." +"were walking along the road" + +# the fig tree withered away to its roots + +Translate this statement to clarify that the tree died. AT: "the fig tree withered away down to its roots and died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# withered away + +"dried up" + +# Peter remembered + +It may be helpful to state what Peter remembered. AT: "Peter remembered what Jesus had said to the fig tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/22.md b/mrk/11/22.md index 7ff29f9982..966533f39b 100644 --- a/mrk/11/22.md +++ b/mrk/11/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus answered them -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +"Jesus replied to his disciples" -## translationNotes +# Truly I say to you +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# whoever says + +"if anyone says" + +# if he does not doubt in his heart but believes + +Here "not doubt" is a double negative meaning "truly believe." Jesus says it both ways for emphasis. AT: "if he truly believes in his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# God will do + +"God will make happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/24.md b/mrk/11/24.md index 7c81cbc378..48061d3965 100644 --- a/mrk/11/24.md +++ b/mrk/11/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore I say to you -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +"So I tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## translationNotes +# it will be yours +It is understood that this will happen because God will provide what you ask for. This can be stated clearly. AT: "God will do it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When you stand and pray + +It is common in Hebrew culture to stand when praying to God. AT: "When you pray" + +# whatever you have against anyone + +"whatever grudge you have against anyone." Here the word "whatever" refers to any grudge you hold against someone for sinning against you or any anger you have against someone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/27.md b/mrk/11/27.md index d48ff51ca7..3998f34aad 100644 --- a/mrk/11/27.md +++ b/mrk/11/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The next day when Jesus returns to temple, he gives the chief priests, scribes, and elders an answer to their question about his casting the money changers out of the temple area, by asking them another question, which they were not willing to answer. -## translationNotes +# They came to -* **By what authority do you do these things** - The words "these things" refer to Jesus turning over the seller's tables in the temple and speaking against the things they did and taught. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you the authority to do them** - AT: "You do not have authority to do these things because we have not given you authority." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Jesus and his disciples came to" + +# Jesus was walking in the temple + +This means that Jesus was walking around inside of the temple; he was not walking into the temple. + +# They said to him + +The word "They" refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders. + +# By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you the authority to do them? + +Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus' authority. They can be combined. AT: "Who gave you authority to do these things?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you do these things + +The words "these things" refer to Jesus turning over the sellers' tables in the temple and speaking against what the chief priests and scribes taught. AT: "you to do things like those you did here yesterday" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/29.md b/mrk/11/29.md index fe49e40f23..3f70d02e78 100644 --- a/mrk/11/29.md +++ b/mrk/11/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Tell me -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] +"Answer me" -## translationNotes +# The baptism of John -* **The baptism of John, was it from heaven or from men?** - Even though Jesus knew the answer to this question, he asked it to test the religious leaders reasons for questioning him. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"The baptism that John performed" + +# was it from heaven or from men + +"was it authorized by heaven or by men" + +# from heaven + +Here "heaven" refers to God. AT: "from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from men + +"from people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/31.md b/mrk/11/31.md index 3f90e68e13..b9a0d7faa9 100644 --- a/mrk/11/31.md +++ b/mrk/11/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# If we say, 'From heaven,' -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +This refers to the source of the baptism of John. AT: "If we say, 'It was from heaven,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# From heaven +Here "heaven" refers to God. See how you translated this in [Mark 11:30](./29.md). AT: "From God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not believe him + +The word "him" refers to John the Baptist. + +# But if we say, 'From men,' + +This refers to the source of the baptism of John. AT: "But if we say, 'It was from men,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# From men + +"From people" + +# But if we say, 'From men,' ... . + +The religious leaders imply that they will suffer from the people if they give this answer. AT: "But if we say, 'From men,' that would not be good." or "But we do not want to say that it was from men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# They were afraid of the people + +The author, Mark, explains why the religious leaders did not want to say that John's baptism was from men. This can be stated clearly. "They said this to each other because they were afraid of the people" or "They did not want to say that John's baptism was from men because they were afraid of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# We do not know + +This refers to the baptism of John. This understood information may be supplied. AT: "We do not know where the baptism of John came from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/intro.md b/mrk/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f046dff6ac --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Mark 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 11:9-10, 17, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Colt ##### + +The way in which Jesus entered into Jerusalem, seated on an animal, was similar to the way a king would have entered into a city after a great victory. It was traditional for the kings of Israel to ride on a donkey. There was also a donkey present with the colt but it is unclear which animal Jesus rode. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these two passages. (See:[Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/01.md b/mrk/12/01.md index 5233fe27c1..fc1d5785b7 100644 --- a/mrk/12/01.md +++ b/mrk/12/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +Jesus speaks this parable against the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# Then Jesus began to teach them -* **leased the vineyard** - The owner arranged for others to care for the grapes. +The word "them" here refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders to whom Jesus has been talking to in the previous chapter. + +# put a hedge around it + +He put a barrier around the vineyard. It could have been a row of shrubs, a fence, or a stone wall. + +# dug a pit for a winepress + +This means that he carved a pit on the rock, which would be the bottom part of the winepress used for collecting the squeezed grape juice. AT: "carved a pit into rock for the winepress" or "he made a vat to collect the juice from the winepress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# leased the vineyard to vine growers + +This means that the owner of the vineyard arranged for others to care for the grapes. The vine growers would receive a share of the grapes as payment for their work. + +# At the right time + +This refers to the time of harvest. This can be made clear. AT: "When the time came to harvest the grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But they took him + +"But the vine growers took the servant" + +# with nothing + +This means that they did not give him any of the fruit. AT: "without any grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/04.md b/mrk/12/04.md index f89e2c142c..ba5a2f1c8c 100644 --- a/mrk/12/04.md +++ b/mrk/12/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he sent to them -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"the owner of the vineyard sent to the vine growers" -## translationNotes +# they wounded him in the head +This can be written more clearly. AT: "they beat that one on the head, and they hurt him terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# yet another ... many others + +These phrases refer to other servants. AT: "yet another servant ... many other servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# They treated many others in the same way + +This refers to servants that the owner sent. The phrase "in the same way" refers to them being mistreated. This can be written clearly. AT: "They also mistreated many other servants whom he sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/06.md b/mrk/12/06.md index 681e82bd12..a08f2cfb4e 100644 --- a/mrk/12/06.md +++ b/mrk/12/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a beloved son -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] +It is implied that this is the owner's son. AT: "his beloved son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the heir +This is the owner's heir, who would inherit the vineyard after his father died. AT: "the owner's heir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the inheritance + +The tenants are referring to the vineyard as "the inheritance." AT: "this vineyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/08.md b/mrk/12/08.md index e12c1c0026..1ac6578bcf 100644 --- a/mrk/12/08.md +++ b/mrk/12/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They seized him -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +"The vine growers seized the son" -## translationNotes +# Therefore, what will the owner of the vineyard do? -* **Therefore, what will the owner of the vineyard do?** - AT: "So I will tell you what the owner of the vineyard will do." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus asks a question and then gives the answer to teach the people. The question may be written as a statement. AT: "So I will tell you what the owner of the vineyard will do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Therefore + +Jesus uses this word to mark a shift in his teaching, as he has finished telling the main part of the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# destroy + +"kill" + +# will give the vineyard to others + +The word "others" refers to other vine growers who will care for the vineyard. AT: "he will give the vineyard to vine growers to care for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/10.md b/mrk/12/10.md index be7e8d23d3..b5d7916a69 100644 --- a/mrk/12/10.md +++ b/mrk/12/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This scripture was written long before in God's word. -## translationNotes +# Have you not read this scripture? -* **Have you not read this scripture?** - AT: "Now think carefully about these words, which you have read in the Scriptures:" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* Links: +Jesus reminds the people of a scripture passage. He uses a rhetorical question here to rebuke them. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Surely you have read this scripture." or "You should remember this scripture." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# has been made the cornerstone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Lord made into the cornerstone" + +# This was from the Lord + +"The Lord has done this" + +# it is marvelous in our eyes + +Here "in our eyes" stands for seeing, which is a metaphor for the people's opinion. AT: "we have seen it and think that it is marvelous" or "we think that it is wonderful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They sought to arrest Jesus + +"They" refers to the chief priests, scribes, and elders. This group may be referred to as the "Jewish leaders" . + +# sought + +"wanted" + +# but they feared the crowd + +They were afraid of what the crowd would do to them if they arrested Jesus. This can be made clear. AT: "but they feared what the crowd would do if they arrested him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# against them + +"to accuse them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/13.md b/mrk/12/13.md index d71a7c4868..d95da6ff17 100644 --- a/mrk/12/13.md +++ b/mrk/12/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] +In an effort to trap Jesus, some of the Pharisees and Herodians, and then the Sadducees, come to Jesus with questions. -## translationNotes +# Then they sent -* **Why do you test me?** - "I know that you are just trying to make me say something wrong for which you can accuse me. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **denarius** - a coin worth a day's wages. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +"Then the Jewish leaders sent" + +# the Herodians + +This is the name of an informal political party that supported Herod Antipas. + +# to trap him + +Here the author describes tricking Jesus as "trapping him." AT: "to trick him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# When they came, they said + +Here "they" refers to those sent from among the Pharisees and the Herodians. + +# you care for no one's opinion + +This means that Jesus is not concerned. The negation can modify the verb instead. AT: "you do not care about people's opinions" or "you are not concerned with earning people's favor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Jesus knew their hypocrisy + +They were acting hypocritically. This can be explained more clearly. AT: "Jesus knew that they did not really want to know what God wanted them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Why do you test me? + +Jesus rebukes the Jewish leaders because they were trying to trick him. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I know you are trying to make me say something wrong so you can accuse me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# denarius + +This coin was worth a day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/16.md b/mrk/12/16.md index 852c6c729f..e8e8a31495 100644 --- a/mrk/12/16.md +++ b/mrk/12/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They brought one -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +"The Pharisees and the Herodians brought a denarius" -## translationNotes +# likeness and inscription +"picture and name" + +# They said, "Caesar's + +Here "Caesar's" refers to his likeness and inscription. AT: "They said, 'They are Caesar's likeness and inscription'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar's + +Jesus is teaching that his people must respect the government by paying taxes. This figure of speech can be clarified by changing Caesar to Roman government. AT: "Give to the Roman government the things that belong to the Roman government" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and to God + +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "and give to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# They marveled at him + +They were amazed at what Jesus had said. This can be made explicit. AT: "They marveled at him and at what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/18.md b/mrk/12/18.md index 21146558b0..f19281cd16 100644 --- a/mrk/12/18.md +++ b/mrk/12/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# who say there is no resurrection -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:sadducee]] +This phrase explains who the Sadducees were. This can be written more clearly. AT: "who say there is no resurrection from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Moses wrote for us, 'If a man's brother dies +The Sadducees are quoting what Moses had written in the law. Moses' quote can be expressed as an indirect quote. AT: "Moses wrote for us that if a man's brother dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# wrote for us + +"wrote for us Jews." The Sadducees were a group of Jews. Here they use the word "us" to refer to themselves and all Jews. + +# the man should take the brother's wife + +"the man should marry his brother's wife" + +# have children for his brother + +This means the children will be considered the dead brother's descendants. This can be made explicit. AT: "have children for his brother who will be considered his descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/20.md b/mrk/12/20.md index bcfa77ef7a..055b7c4970 100644 --- a/mrk/12/20.md +++ b/mrk/12/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# There were seven brothers -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +The Sadducees propose a scenario to test Jesus. This is a hypothetical situation. AT: "Suppose there were seven brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# the first ... the second ... the third -* **In the resurrection, when they rise again, whose wife will she be?** - AT: "In the resurrection, when they rise again, she can't possibly be the wife of all seven brothers!" -* (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These numbers refer to each of the brothers and can be expressed as such. AT: "the first brother ... the second brother ... the third brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# The seven + +This refers to all the brothers. AT: "The seven brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the first took a wife ... the second took her + +"the first married a woman ... the second married her." Here marrying a woman is spoken of as "taking" her. + +# the third likewise + +It may be helpful to explain what "likewise" means. AT: "the third brother married her as his other bothers did, and he also died leaving no children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The seven left no children + +Each of the brothers married the woman and then died before he had any children with her. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Eventually all seven brothers married that woman one by one, but none of them had any children with her, and one by one they died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In the resurrection, when they rise again, whose wife will she be? + +The Sadducees are testing Jesus by asking this question. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Now tell us whose wife she will be in the resurrection, when they all rise again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/24.md b/mrk/12/24.md index ec698e6d00..8744438cbb 100644 --- a/mrk/12/24.md +++ b/mrk/12/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Is this not the reason you are mistaken ... power of God? -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Jesus rebukes the Sadducees because they are mistaken about God's law. This may be written as a statement. AT: "You are mistaken because ... power of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# you do not know the scriptures -* **Is this not the reason you are mistaken…power of God?** - AT: "You are mistaken because…power of God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* ** +This means that they do not understand what is written in the Old Testament scriptures. + +# the power of God + +"how powerful God is" + +# For when they rise + +Here the word "they" refers to the brothers and the woman from the example. + +# rise from the dead ones + +This means to become alive again. The phrase "the dead ones" refers to "dead people" and is a metaphor for being dead. AT: "are risen from being dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they neither marry nor are given in marriage + +"they do not marry, and they are not given in marriage" + +# are given in marriage + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they do not marry, and no one gives them in marriage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# heaven + +This refers to the place where God lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/26.md b/mrk/12/26.md index 98ba3c3b0c..decbb964c8 100644 --- a/mrk/12/26.md +++ b/mrk/12/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# that are raised -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +The missing information may be added. AT: "who are raised from being dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The Book of Moses -* **they are raised** - "God raises them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the book that Moses wrote" + +# the account about the bush + +This refers to the part of the Book of Moses that tells about when God spoke to Moses out of a bush that was burning but that did not burn up. AT: "the passage about the burning bush" or "the words about the fiery bush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the bush + +This refers to a shrub, a woody plant that is smaller than a tree. + +# how God spoke to him + +"about when God spoke to Moses" + +# I am the God of Abraham ... Isaac ... Jacob + +This means that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob worship God. These men have died physically, but they are still alive spiritually and still worship God. + +# of the dead, but of the living + +Here "the dead" refers to people who are dead and "the living" refers to people who are alive. Also, the understood information may be supplied. AT: "of people who are dead, but the God of people who are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the living + +This includes people who are alive physically and spiritually. + +# You are quite mistaken + +It may be helpful to state what they are mistaken about. AT: "When you say that dead people do not rise again, you are quite mistaken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# quite mistaken + +"completely mistaken" or "very wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/28.md b/mrk/12/28.md index 5ba84faa0f..7ab960d353 100644 --- a/mrk/12/28.md +++ b/mrk/12/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He asked him -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +"The scribe asked Jesus" -## translationNotes +# the most important of all ... The most important is +"The most important" refer to the most important commandment. AT: "the most important commandment of all ... The most important commandment says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Hear, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one + +"Listen, O Israel! The Lord our God is one Lord" + +# with all your heart, with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../../deu/04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with all your mind + +The mind is what people use to think. + +# love your neighbor as yourself + +Jesus uses this simile to compare how people are to love each other with the same love as they love themselves. AT: "love your neighbor as much as you love yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# than these + +Here the word "these" refers to the two commandments that Jesus had just told the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/32.md b/mrk/12/32.md index d1acd47102..f53d36e284 100644 --- a/mrk/12/32.md +++ b/mrk/12/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Good -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"Good answer" -## translationNotes +# God is one +This means that there is only one God. AT: "there is only one God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that there is no other + +The word "God" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "that there is no other God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# with all the heart ... all the understanding ... all the strength + +The "heart" is a metaphor for a person's inner being and his desires and feelings. "Understanding" refers to a person's thinking, and "strength" refers to a person's strength to do things. AT: "in all that we want and feel, in all that we think, and in all that we do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the heart ... the understanding ... the strength + +The word "the" is placed in these ellipses where the word "your" has been left out. It may be added. AT: "your heart ... your mind ... your strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to love one's neighbor as oneself + +This simile compares how people are to love each other with the same love that they love themselves. AT: "to love your neighbor as much as you love yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# is even more than + +This idiom means that something is more important than something else. In this case, these two commandments are more pleasing to God that burnt offering and sacrifices. This may be written clearly. AT: "is even more important than" or "is even more pleasing to God than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You are not far from the kingdom of God + +This can be stated in positive form. Here Jesus speaks of the man being ready to submit to God as king as being physically close to the kingdom of God, as if it where a physical place. AT: "You are close to submitting to God as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no one dared + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "everyone was afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/35.md b/mrk/12/35.md index 14894f877c..c2680784ba 100644 --- a/mrk/12/35.md +++ b/mrk/12/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Jesus responded, while he was teaching in the temple; he said -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Some time has passed and Jesus is now in the temple. This is not part of the previous conversation. AT: "Later, while Jesus was teaching in the temple area, he said to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# How is it that the scribes say the Christ is the son of David? -* **How is it that the scribes say the Christ is the son of David?** - AT: "These men who teach the Jewish laws, they must be wrong when they say that the Christ is merely a human descendant of King David! (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **son of David** - The word “son” is used here to refer to a descendant. -* **so how is he David's son?** - AT: "so he cannot be David's son!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Jesus uses this question to get the people to think deeply about the Psalm he is about to quote. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Consider why the scribes say the Christ is the son of David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the son of David + +"a descendant of David" + +# David himself + +This word "himself" refers to David and is used to place emphasis on him and what he said. AT: "It was David who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# in the Holy Spirit + +This means that he was inspired by the Holy Spirit, that is, the Holy Spirit directed David in what he said. AT: "inspired by the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# said, 'The Lord said to my Lord + +Here David calls God "The Lord" and calls the Christ "my Lord." This can be written more clearly. AT: "said about the Christ, 'The Lord God said to my Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool + +This is a quote within the psalm that Jesus is quoting. Here God is speaking to the Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) + +# until I make your enemies your footstool + +In this quote, God speaks of defeating enemies as making them into a footstool. AT: "until I completely defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# calls him 'Lord,' + +Here the word "him" refers to the Christ. + +# so how can the Christ be David's son? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "so consider how the Christ can be a descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/38.md b/mrk/12/38.md index f53c26dadb..7cf27b2269 100644 --- a/mrk/12/38.md +++ b/mrk/12/38.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the greetings they receive in the marketplaces -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] +The noun "greetings" can be expressed with the verb "greet." These greetings showed that the people respected the scribes. AT: "and to be greeted respectfully in the marketplaces" or "and for people to greet them respectfully in the marketplaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# They also devour widows' houses +Here Jesus describes the scribes cheating widows and stealing their houses as "devouring" their houses. AT: "They also cheat widows in order to steal their houses from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# These men will receive greater condemnation + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will certainly punish them with greater condemnation" or "God will certainly punish them severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will receive greater condemnation + +The word "greater" implies a comparison. Here the comparison is to other men who are punished. AT: "will receive greater condemnation than other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/41.md b/mrk/12/41.md index 1137e15012..0046f5a268 100644 --- a/mrk/12/41.md +++ b/mrk/12/41.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Still in the temple area, Jesus comments on the value of the widow's offering. -## translationNotes +# an offering box -* **two mites** - "two small coins" - the least valuable of coins. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +This box was a collection box for the temple offering for all the people. + +# two mites + +"two small copper coins." These were the least valuable coins available. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# worth about a penny + +"worth very little." A penny is worth very little. Translate "penny" with the name of the smallest coin in your language if you have one that is worth very little. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/43.md b/mrk/12/43.md index 8649fb19bf..6eaee667dd 100644 --- a/mrk/12/43.md +++ b/mrk/12/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 42 and 43, giving the information Jesus is telling them in a order that is easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# He called -* **"Truly I say to you."** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:mrk:11:22]]. -* **the offering box** - This box was the collection box for the temple offering for all the people. -* **abundance** - "plenty" -* **poverty** - "lack" or "poorness" +"Jesus called" + +# Truly I say to you + +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). + +# all of them who contributed to + +"all of the people who put money into" + +# abundance + +"plenty." This refers to their wealth. + +# her poverty + +"lack" or "the little she had" + +# to live on + +"to survive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/intro.md b/mrk/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98c5d9229f --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Mark 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:10-11,36, 17, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Hypothetical Situations ##### +Jesus uses hypothetical situations when he tries to teach people. The Pharisees also use hypothetical situations to try to trap Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/01.md b/mrk/13/01.md index 83603463f8..a22e00884d 100644 --- a/mrk/13/01.md +++ b/mrk/13/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +As they leave the temple area, Jesus tells his disciples what will happen in the future to the wonderful temple that Herod the Great has built. -## translationNotes +# the wonderful stones and wonderful buildings -* **Do you see these great buildings?** - AT: "You can see how great these buildings are." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The "stones" refer to the stones that the buildings were built with. AT: "the wonderful buildings and the wonderful stones that they are made of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do you see these great buildings? Not one stone + +This question is used to draw attention to the buildings. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Look at these great buildings! Not one stone" or "You see these great buildings now, but not one stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Not one stone will be left on another which will not be torn down + +It is implied that enemy soldiers will tear down the stones. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Not one stone will remain on top of another, for enemy soldiers will come and destroy these buildings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/03.md b/mrk/13/03.md index 1b09d16073..f587e4eb27 100644 --- a/mrk/13/03.md +++ b/mrk/13/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jamessonofalphaeus]] -* [[en:tw:johnthebaptist]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +In answer to the disciples' questions about the temple's destruction and what was going to happen, Jesus tells them what was going to take place in the future. -## translationNotes +# As he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter +It can be expressed clearly that Jesus and his disciples had walked to the Mount of Olives. AT: "After arriving at the Mount of Olives, which is opposite the temple, Jesus sat down. Then Peter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# privately + +"when they were alone" + +# these things happen ... are about to happen + +This refers to what Jesus had just said will happen to the stones of the temple. This can be made clear. AT: "these things happen to the buildings of the temple ... are about to happen to the temple buildings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when all these things + +"that all these things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/05.md b/mrk/13/05.md index 318b430636..425b3bbdc6 100644 --- a/mrk/13/05.md +++ b/mrk/13/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to them -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +"to his disciples" -## translationNotes +# leads you astray +Jesus is warning his disciples not to be deceived by anyone about what will happen. Here "lead astray" is a metaphor for deceive. AT: "deceives you concerning what will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in my name + +Possible meanings are 1) AT: "claiming my authority" or 2) "claiming that God sent them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am he + +"I am the Christ" + +# will lead many astray + +Here "lead astray" is a metaphor meaning deceive. AT: "will deceive many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/07.md b/mrk/13/07.md index 0d648333b8..ab7453c860 100644 --- a/mrk/13/07.md +++ b/mrk/13/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# hear of wars and rumors of wars -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +"hear of wars and reports about wars." Possible meanings are 1) "hear the sounds of wars close by and news of wars far away" or 2) "hear of wars that have started and reports about wars that are about to start" -## translationNotes +# but the end is not yet -* **rumors** - "heresay" or "gossip" +"but it is not yet the end" or "but the end will not happen until later" or "but the end will be later" + +# the end + +This probably refers to the end of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will rise against + +This idiom means to fight against one another. AT: "will fight against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# kingdom against kingdom + +The words "will rise" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "kingdom will rise against kingdom" or "the people of one kingdom will fight against the people of another kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# These are the beginnings of birth pains + +Jesus speaks of these disasters as the beginnings of birth pains because more severe things will happen after them. AT: "These events will be like the first pains a woman suffers when she is about to bear a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/09.md b/mrk/13/09.md index 7c403f8bc0..5044357036 100644 --- a/mrk/13/09.md +++ b/mrk/13/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Be on your guard -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +"Be ready for what people will do to you" -## translationNotes +# deliver you up to +This means to arrest someone and then put them under someone else's control. AT: "arrest you and give you over to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will be beaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will beat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will stand before + +This means to be put on trial and judged. AT: "You will be put on trial before" or "You will be brought to trial and judged by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for my sake + +"because of me" or "on account of me" + +# as a testimony to them + +This means they will testify about Jesus. This can be made clear. AT: "and testify to them about me" or "and you will tell them about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But the gospel must first be proclaimed to all the nations + +Jesus is still speaking about things that must happen before the end comes. This can be made clear. AT: "But the gospel must first be proclaimed to all the nations before the end will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/11.md b/mrk/13/11.md index 9b7062610d..d70122fb38 100644 --- a/mrk/13/11.md +++ b/mrk/13/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# hand you over -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +Here this means to put people under the control of the authorities. AT: "give you over to the authorities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# but the Holy Spirit +The words "will speak" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "but the Holy Spirit will speak through you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Brother will deliver up brother to death + +This means that some people will betray their bothers, and this betrayal will cause their brothers to be killed. AT: "Brother will betray their brothers, handing them over to be put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Brother ... brother + +This refers to both brothers and sisters. AT: "People ... their siblings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# a father his child + +The words "will deliver up to death" are understood from the previous phrase. This means that some fathers will betray their children, and this betrayal will cause their children to be killed. AT: "fathers will deliver up their children to death" or "fathers will betray their children, handing them over to be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Children will rise up against their parents + +This means that children will oppose their parents and betray them. AT: "Children will oppose their parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cause them to be put to death + +This means that the authorities will sentence the parents to be put to death. This can be stated in active form. AT: "cause the authorities to sentence the parents to die" or "the authorities will kill the parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will be hated by everyone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because of my name + +Jesus uses the metonym "my name" to refer to himself. AT: "because of me" or "because you believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whoever endures to the end, that person will be saved + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "whoever endures to the end, God will save that person" or "God will save whoever endures to the end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whoever endures to the end + +Here "endures" represents continuing to be faithful to God even while suffering. AT: "whoever suffers and stays faithful to God to the end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to the end + +Possible meanings are 1) "to the end of his life" or 2) "to the end of that time of trouble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/14.md b/mrk/13/14.md index e0fa52613d..dd21883f34 100644 --- a/mrk/13/14.md +++ b/mrk/13/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the abomination of desolation -* [[en:tw:judea]] +This phrase is from the book of Daniel. His audience would have been familiar with this passage and the prophesy about the abomination entering the temple and defiling it. AT: "the shameful thing that defiles the things of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# standing where it should not be standing -* **abomination of desolation** - "detestable idolatry" or "evil worthlessness" +Jesus' audience would have known that this refers to the temple. This can be made explicit. AT: "standing in the temple where it should not be standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let the reader understand + +This is not Jesus speaking. Matthew added this to get the readers' attention, so that they would listen to this warning. AT: "may everyone who is reading this pay attention to this warning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on the housetop + +Housetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people could stand on them. + +# not return + +This refers to returning to his house. This can be made explicit. AT: "not return to his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to take his cloak + +"to get his cloak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/17.md b/mrk/13/17.md index 7d06097bfb..6a6f8bca77 100644 --- a/mrk/13/17.md +++ b/mrk/13/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# are with child -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:tribulation]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This is a polite way to say that someone is pregnant. AT: "are pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# Pray that it -* **the elect, those he chose** - The phrase "those he chose" means the same thing as "the elect." Together, they emphasize God's choice of these people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"Pray that these times" or "Pray that these things" + +# winter + +"the cold season" or "the cold, rainy season." This refers to the time of year when it is cold and unpleasant and difficult to travel. + +# such as has not been + +"greater than there has ever been." This describes how great and terrible the tribulation will be. There has never been a tribulation as terrible as this one will be. + +# no, nor ever will be again + +"and greater than there will ever be again" or "and after that tribulation, there will never again be a tribulation like it" + +# had shortened the days + +"had shortened the time." It may be helpful to specify which "days" are referred to. AT: "had reduced the days of suffering" or "had shortened the time of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no flesh would be saved + +The word "flesh" refers to people, and "saved" refers to physical salvation. AT: "no one would be saved" or "everyone would die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for the sake of the elect + +"in order to help the elect" + +# the elect, those whom he chose + +The phrase "those whom he chose" means the same thing as "the elect." Together, they emphasize that God chose these people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/21.md b/mrk/13/21.md index 41387d6133..f6806bd419 100644 --- a/mrk/13/21.md +++ b/mrk/13/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 21 and 22, giving the information Jesus is telling them in an order that may be easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# false Christs +"people who claim they are Christ" + +# so as to deceive + +"in order to deceive" or "hoping to deceive" or "trying to deceive" + +# so as to deceive, if possible, even the elect + +The phrase "even the elect" implies that the false Christs and false prophets will expect to deceive some people, but they will not know if they will be able to deceive the elect. AT: "in order to deceive people, and even deceive the elect, if that is possible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the elect + +"the people whom God has chosen" + +# Be on guard + +"Be watchful" or "Be alert" + +# I have told you all these things ahead of time + +Jesus told them these things to warn them. AT: "I have told you all these things ahead of time to warn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/24.md b/mrk/13/24.md index 41594a190f..2d00d3bf17 100644 --- a/mrk/13/24.md +++ b/mrk/13/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# the sun will be darkened -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:tribulation]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sun will become dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the moon will not give its light -* **the sun will be darkened** - "God will make the sun dark." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken** - "God will shake the powers that are in the heavens" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the moon is spoken of as if it were alive and able to give something to someone else. AT: "the moon will not glow" or "the moon will be dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the stars will fall from the sky + +This does not mean that they will fall to earth but that they will fall from where the are now. AT: "the stars will fall from their places in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the powers in the heavens will shake" or "God will shake the powers that are in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the powers that are in the heavens + +"the powerful things in the heavens." Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the sun, moon, and stars or 2) this refers to powerful spiritual beings + +# in the heavens + +"in the sky" + +# Then they will see + +"Then people will see" + +# with great power and glory + +"powerfully and gloriously" + +# he will gather + +The word "he" refers to God and is a metonym for his angels, as they are the ones who will gather the elect. AT: "they will gather" or "his angels will gather" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the four winds + +The whole earth is spoken of as "the four winds," which refer to the four directions: north, south, east, and west. AT: "the north, south, east, and west" or "all parts of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the ends of the earth to the ends of the sky + +These two extremes are given to emphasize that the elect will be gathered from the entire earth. AT: "from every place on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/28.md b/mrk/13/28.md index 4a73f7865e..d12df66b3d 100644 --- a/mrk/13/28.md +++ b/mrk/13/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +Jesus gives two short parables here to remind people to be aware when the things that he has been explaining happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# the branch becomes tender +The phrase "the branch" refers to the branches of the fig tree. AT: "its branches become tender" + +# tender + +"green and soft" + +# puts out its leaves + +Here the fig tree is spoken of as if it were alive and able to willingly cause its leaves to grow. AT: "its leaves begin to sprout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# summer + +the warm part of the year or the growing season + +# these things + +This refers to the days of tribulation. AT: "these things I have just described" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he is near + +"the Son of Man is near" + +# close to the gates + +This idiom means that he is very near and has almost arrived, referring to a traveler being close to arriving at the city gates. AT: "and is almost here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/30.md b/mrk/13/30.md index 2119f73a37..d138579acd 100644 --- a/mrk/13/30.md +++ b/mrk/13/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly, I say to you -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). -## translationNotes +# will not pass away -* **Truly I say to you** - Jesus is emphasizing that everything he is teaching them will really happen, just the way he says it will. -* **pass away** - "end" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This is a polite way to talk about someone dying. AT: "will not die" or "will not end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# until all of these things + +The phrase "these things" refers to the days of tribulation. + +# Heaven and earth + +The two extremes are given to refer to all of the sky, including the sun, moon, stars, and planets, and all of the earth. AT: "The sky, the earth, and everything in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# will pass away + +"will cease to exist." Here this phrase refers to the world ending. + +# my words will never pass away + +Jesus speaks of words not losing their power as if they were something that will never physically die. AT: "my words will never lose their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that day or that hour + +This refers to the time that the Son of Man will return. AT: "that day or that hour that the Son of Man will return" or "the day or the hour that I will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son + +These are listed among those who do not know when the Son of Man will return. AT: "not even the angels in heaven or the Son know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the angels in heaven + +Here "heaven" refers to the place where God lives. + +# but the Father + +It is best to translate "Father" with the same word that your language naturally uses to refer to a human father. Also, this is an ellipsis, stating that the Father knows when the Son will return. AT: "but only the Father knows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/33.md b/mrk/13/33.md index b380299d72..affc2abedf 100644 --- a/mrk/13/33.md +++ b/mrk/13/33.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# what time it is -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +It can be stated clearly what "time" refers to here. AT: "when that time will come when all these events will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# each one with his work +"telling each one what work he should do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/35.md b/mrk/13/35.md index e741b346c3..4c305f8317 100644 --- a/mrk/13/35.md +++ b/mrk/13/35.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# it could be in the evening -* [[en:tw:lord]] +"he could return in the evening" -## translationNotes +# rooster crows -* **rooster** - normally, the first bird to call out in the morning. -* **crows** - "squawks" or "cackles" +The rooster is a bird that calls out very early in the morning. The loud sound he makes is "crowing." + +# find you sleeping + +Here Jesus speaks of not being ready as "sleeping." AT: "find you not ready for his return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/intro.md b/mrk/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7a9e638d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Mark 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 13:24-25, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +There is a large section in this chapter which explains the circumstances surrounding the return of Christ (see: [Mark 13:6-37](./05.md)). It would have been natural for people to worry about this event happening because of the judgment associated with it. Jesus assures them that the time of judgment has not yet come. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "I am he" ##### +Before Jesus actually returns, many people will claim to be the returning Christ. But Jesus' return will be obvious to all. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/01.md b/mrk/14/01.md index a8e4428deb..dc5e00068f 100644 --- a/mrk/14/01.md +++ b/mrk/14/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +Just two days before the Passover, the chief priests and scribes are secretly plotting to kill Jesus. -## translationNotes +# stealthily +without people noticing + +# For they were saying + +The word "they" refers to the chief priests and the scribes. + +# Not during the feast + +This refers to them not arresting Jesus during the feast. AT: "We must not do it during the feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/03.md b/mrk/14/03.md index a004c8a4c0..935c1f7e33 100644 --- a/mrk/14/03.md +++ b/mrk/14/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bethany]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] +Though some were angry that the oil was used to anoint Jesus, Jesus says that the woman has anointed his body for burial before he will die. -## translationNotes +# Simon the leper -* **Simon the leper** - This man previously had leprosy but was no longer ill. -* **alabaster** - This is a soft, "white stone." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **What is the reason for this waste?** - AT: "There is no good reason to waste such expensive perfume." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **This perfume could have been sold** - "We could have sold this perfume" or "She could have sold this perfume (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This man previously had leprosy but was no longer ill. This is a different man than Simon Peter and Simon the Zealot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he was reclining at the table + +In Jesus' culture, when people gathered to eat, they reclined on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. + +# alabaster jar + +This is a jar made from alabaster. Alabaster was a very expensive yellow-white stone. AT: "beautiful white stone jar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# of very costly liquid, which was pure nard + +"that contained expensive, fragrant perfume called nard." Nard was a very expensive, sweet-smelling oil used to make perfume. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# on his head + +"on Jesus' head" + +# What is the reason for this waste? + +They asked this question to show that they disapproved of the woman pouring the perfume on Jesus. This can be written as a statement. AT: "It is terrible that she wasted that perfume!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# This perfume could have been sold + +Mark wants to show his readers that those present were more concerned about money. This can be stated in active form. AT: "We could have sold this perfume" or "She could have sold this perfume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three hundred denarii + +"300 denarii." Denarii are Roman silver coins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# given to the poor + +The phrase "the poor" refers to poor people. This refers to giving the money from the sale of the perfume to the poor. AT: "the money given to poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/06.md b/mrk/14/06.md index 775bc03581..60afab713e 100644 --- a/mrk/14/06.md +++ b/mrk/14/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you troubling her? -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] +Jesus rebukes the guests for questioning this woman's action. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not trouble her!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the poor -* **Why are you troubling her?** - AT: "You should not trouble her." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This refers to poor people. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). + +# wherever the gospel is preached + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "wherever my followers preach the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what this woman has done will be spoken of + +"what this woman has done will also be spoken of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/10.md b/mrk/14/10.md index 2f70a24d15..aa2806539a 100644 --- a/mrk/14/10.md +++ b/mrk/14/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +After the woman anoints Jesus with perfume, Judas promises to deliver Jesus to the chief priests. -## translationNotes +# so that he might deliver him over to them -* **Judas Iscariot** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:mrk:03:17]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Judas did not deliver Jesus over to them yet, rather he went to make arrangements with them. AT: "in order to arrange with them to deliver Jesus to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When the chief priests heard it + +It may be helpful to state clearly what the chief priests heard. AT: "When the chief priests heard what he was willing to do for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/12.md b/mrk/14/12.md index f22a8bd9cf..fbd8e155fb 100644 --- a/mrk/14/12.md +++ b/mrk/14/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +Jesus sends two of the disciples to prepare the Passover meal. -## translationNotes +# when they sacrificed the Passover lamb +At the beginning of the Festival of Unleavened Bread, it was customary to sacrifice a lamb. AT: "when it was customary to sacrifice the Passover lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bearing a pitcher of water + +"carrying a large jar full of water" + +# The Teacher says, "Where is my guest room ... with my disciples?" + +This can be written as an indirect quote. Translate this so that it is a polite request. AT: "Our Teacher would like to know where the guest room is where he may eat the Passover with his disciples." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# guest room + +a room for visitors + +# eat the Passover + +Here the "Passover" refers to the Passover meal. AT: "eat the Passover meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/15.md b/mrk/14/15.md index 91b1d070b3..9bae3d5ca2 100644 --- a/mrk/14/15.md +++ b/mrk/14/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Make the preparations for us there -* [[en:tw:passover]] +They were to prepare the meal for Jesus and his disciples to eat. AT: "Prepare the meal for us there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# The disciples left +"The two disciples left" + +# as he had said + +"as Jesus had said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/17.md b/mrk/14/17.md index c2bb5739f4..8292af76de 100644 --- a/mrk/14/17.md +++ b/mrk/14/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +That evening as Jesus and the disciples eat the Passover meal, Jesus tells them that one of them will betray him. -## translationNotes +# he came with the twelve -* **reclining at the table** - It was the custom to have low tables with cushions where guests would sit forward in a half-lying position at the table during a dinner party. -* **one by one** - This means that "one at a time" each disciple asked him. -* **Surely not I** - "Surely, it won't be I who helps your enemies to arrest you!" See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +It may be helpful to state where they came to. AT: "he came with the twelve to the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lying down at the table + +In Jesus' culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. + +# Truly I say to you + +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). + +# one by one + +This means that "one at a time" each disciple asked him. + +# Surely not I + +Possible meanings are 1) this was a question for which the disciples expected the answer to be "No" or 2) this was a rhetorical question that did not require a response. AT: "Surely, I am not the one who will betray you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/20.md b/mrk/14/20.md index 560b58a73d..a93eede5c7 100644 --- a/mrk/14/20.md +++ b/mrk/14/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It is one of the twelve, the one now -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"He is one of the twelve of you, the one now" -## translationNotes +# dipping bread with me in the bowl +In Jesus' culture, people would often eat bread, dipping it in a shared bowl of sauce or of oil mixed with herbs. + +# For the Son of Man will go the way that the scripture says about him + +Here Jesus refers to the scriptures prophesying about his death. If you have a polite way to talk about death in your language, use it here. AT: "For the Son of Man will die in the way that the scriptures say" + +# through whom the Son of Man is betrayed + +This can be stated more directly. AT: "who betrays the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/22.md b/mrk/14/22.md index e87c1d2ba8..433a77b066 100644 --- a/mrk/14/22.md +++ b/mrk/14/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# bread -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This was a flat loaf of unleavened bread, which was eaten as part of the Passover meal. -## translationNotes +# broke it +This means that he broke the bread into pieces for the people to eat. AT: "broke it into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Take this. This is my body + +"Take this bread. It is my body." Though most understand this to mean that the bread is a symbol of Jesus' body and that it is not actual flesh, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# He took a cup + +Here "cup" is a metonym for wine. AT: "He took the cup of wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# This is my blood of the covenant, the blood that is poured out for many + +The covenant is for the forgiveness of sins. This can be written more explicitly. AT: "This is my blood that confirms the covenant, the blood that is poured out so that many may receive the forgiveness of sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# This is my blood + +"This wine is my blood." Though most understand this to mean that the wine is a symbol of Jesus' blood and that it is not actual blood, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). + +# fruit of the vine + +"wine." This is a descriptive way to refer to wine. + +# new + +Possible meanings are 1) "again" or 2) "in a new way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/26.md b/mrk/14/26.md index 0cf2339d2c..8f3a1ffd15 100644 --- a/mrk/14/26.md +++ b/mrk/14/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# hymn -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +A hymn is a type of song. It was traditional for them to sing an Old Testament psalm. -## translationNotes +# Jesus said to them -* **hymn** - A hymn is a type of song. It was traditional for them to sing an Old Testament Psalm at this point. +"Jesus said to his disciples" + +# will fall away + +This is an idiom that means leave. AT: "will leave me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will strike + +"kill." Here "I" refers to God. + +# the sheep will be scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will scatter the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/28.md b/mrk/14/28.md index 36329ec585..d363d4320d 100644 --- a/mrk/14/28.md +++ b/mrk/14/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +Jesus clearly tells Peter he will deny him. Peter and all of the disciples are certain they will not deny Jesus. -## translationNotes +# I am raised up +This means that God will raise Jesus from the dead. This can be written in active form. AT: "God raises me from the dead" or "God makes me alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will go ahead of you + +"I will go before you" + +# Even if all fall away, I will not + +"I will not" can be fully expressed as "I will not fall away." The phrase "not fall away" is a double negative and carries a positive meaning. This can be expressed in the positive if needed. AT: "Even if everyone else leaves you, I will stay with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/30.md b/mrk/14/30.md index ae8f08994b..409d83670e 100644 --- a/mrk/14/30.md +++ b/mrk/14/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Truly I say to you -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). -## translationNotes +# rooster crows -* **Truly I say to you** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:mrk:11:22]]. -* **deny me** - "say that you do not know me" +The rooster is a bird that calls out very early in the morning. The loud sound he makes is "crowing." + +# twice + +"two times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# you will deny me + +"you will say that you do not know me" + +# If I must die + +"Even if I must die" + +# They all made the same promise + +This means that all of the disciples said the same thing that Peter said. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/32.md b/mrk/14/32.md index e54a25cc37..282c6a47b5 100644 --- a/mrk/14/32.md +++ b/mrk/14/32.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:gethsemane]] -* [[en:tw:jamessonofalphaeus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +When they go to Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives, Jesus encourages three of his disciples to stay awake while he prays. Twice he awakens them, and the third time he tells them to wake up because it is time for the betrayal. -## translationNotes +# They came to the place +The word "they" refers to Jesus and his disciples. + +# distressed + +overwhelmed with sorrow + +# deeply troubled + +The word "deeply" refers to Jesus being greatly troubled in his soul. AT: "extremely troubled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My soul is + +Jesus speaks of himself as his "soul." AT: "I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# even to the point of death + +Jesus is exaggerating because he feels so much distress and sorrow that he feels like he is about to die, though he knows he will not die until after the sun rises. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# watch + +The disciples were to stay alert while Jesus prayed. This does not mean that they were supposed to watch Jesus pray. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/35.md b/mrk/14/35.md index 76d28537e9..f29b95d5c9 100644 --- a/mrk/14/35.md +++ b/mrk/14/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# if it were possible -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] +This means that if God would allow it to happen. AT: "if God would allow it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# this hour might pass -* At Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives Jesus has left Peter, James, and John to stay alert to pray. -* **this hour might pass** - "he might be strengthened to endure the suffering he was experiencing" -* **Abba** - "Abba" is a Greek term that is used by children to address their father. It implies a close relationship. Since it already addresses Father, it might be important to keep the Greek term, "Abba." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Remove this cup from me** - The cup refers to the wrath of God Jesus must endure. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "this hour" refers to Jesus' time of suffering, both now in the garden and later. AT: "that he would not have to go through this time of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Abba + +"Abba" is a Greek term used by children to address their father. It implies a close relationship. Since it is followed by "Father," it is best to keep the Greek term "Abba" as is in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Remove this cup from me + +Jesus speaks of the suffering that he must endure as if it were a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But not my will, but yours + +Jesus is asking God to do what he wants to be done and not what Jesus wants. AT: "But do not do what I want, do what you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/37.md b/mrk/14/37.md index 71b2d669b9..0cb4d2d8c6 100644 --- a/mrk/14/37.md +++ b/mrk/14/37.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# found them sleeping -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +The word "them" refers to Peter, James, and John. -## translationNotes +# Simon, are you asleep? Could you not watch for one hour? -* Jesus continues with his disciples, except for Judas, in the Garden of Gethsemane. -* **and found them sleeping** - "and found Peter, James, and John sleeping" -* **Simon, are you asleep** - "Simon, you are asleep when I told you to stay awake" (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Could you not watch** - "You could not even stay awake" (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak** - "Your body cannot do want your mind wants you to do." -* **flesh** - "body" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Jesus rebukes Simon Peter for sleeping. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Simon, you are asleep when I told you to stay awake. You could not even stay awake for one hour." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that you do not enter into temptation + +Jesus speaks of being tempted as if it were entering into a physical place. AT: "that you are not tempted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak + +Jesus warns Simon Peter that he is not strong enough to do what he wants to do in his own strength. AT: "You are willing in your spirit, but you are too weak to do what you want to do" or "You want to do what I say, but you are weak" + +# The spirit ... the flesh + +These refer to two different aspects of Peter. "The spirit" is his inmost desires. "The flesh" is his human ability and strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# used the same words + +"prayed again what he prayed before" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/40.md b/mrk/14/40.md index 8ca2a09b59..acb622d866 100644 --- a/mrk/14/40.md +++ b/mrk/14/40.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# found them sleeping -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +The word "them" refers to Peter, James, and John. -## translationNotes +# for their eyes were heavy -* Jesus continues with his disciples, except for Judas, in the Garden of Gethsemane. -* **found them sleeping** - "found Peter, John, and James sleeping" -* **Are you still sleeping and taking your rest** - AT: "You are still sleeping! You are resting!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here the author speaks of a sleepy person having a hard time keeping his eyes open as having "heavy eyes." AT: "for they were so sleepy they were having a hard time keeping their eyes open" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He came the third time + +Jesus had gone and prayed again. Then he returned to them a third time. This can be made clear. AT: "Then he went and prayed again. He returned the third time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Are you still sleeping and taking your rest? + +Jesus rebukes his disciples for not staying awake and praying. You can translate this rhetorical question as a statement if needed. AT: "You are still sleeping and resting!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The hour has come + +The time of Jesus' suffering and betrayal is about to begin. + +# Look! + +"Listen!" + +# The Son of Man is being betrayed + +Jesus warns his disciples that his betrayer is approaching them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I, the Son of Man, am being betrayed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/43.md b/mrk/14/43.md index fafca3dda4..c17e4aba8a 100644 --- a/mrk/14/43.md +++ b/mrk/14/43.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judasiscariot]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:rabbi]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss, and the disciples all flee. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Jesus was still with his disciples, except for Judas, in the Garden of Gethsemane. -* **laid hands on** - "grabbed" +Verse 44 gives background information about how Judas had arranged with the Jewish leaders to betray Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now his betrayer + +This refers to Judas. + +# he is the one + +Here "the one" refers to the man that Judas was going to identify. AT: "he is the one you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he kissed him + +"Judas kissed him" + +# laid hands on him and seized him + +These two phrases have the same meaning to emphasize that they seized Jesus. AT: "grabbed Jesus and seized him" or "seized him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/47.md b/mrk/14/47.md index d2af80f820..7e356ce09f 100644 --- a/mrk/14/47.md +++ b/mrk/14/47.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# who stood by -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"who was standing nearby" -## translationNotes +# Jesus said to them -* Jesus had just been seized in the garden by those sent by chief priests, scribes, and elders. -* **Do you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to capture me?** - "You come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to capture me." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Jesus said to the crowd" + +# Do you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to capture me? + +Jesus is rebuking the crowd. This can be written as a statement. AT: "It is ridiculous that you come here to seize me with swords and clubs, as if I were a robber!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But this was done that + +"But this has happened so that" + +# All those with Jesus + +This refers to the disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/51.md b/mrk/14/51.md index 123f39e0e7..fbd508b1f2 100644 --- a/mrk/14/51.md +++ b/mrk/14/51.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# linen +cloth made from the fibers of a flax plant -## translationNotes +# that was wrapped around him -* Jesus had just been seized in the garden by those sent by the chief priests, scribes, and elders. -* **linen** - A cloth made from a flax plant. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he had wrapped around himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When the men seized him + +"When the men seized that man" + +# he left the linen garment + +As the man was trying to run away, the others would have grabbed at his clothing, trying to stop him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/53.md b/mrk/14/53.md index 0909314cf6..b02b1cff8e 100644 --- a/mrk/14/53.md +++ b/mrk/14/53.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw::highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +After the crowd of the chief priests, scribes, and elders lead Jesus to the high priest, Peter watches nearby while some stand to give false testimony against Jesus. -## translationNotes +# There were gathered with him all the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes +This can be reordered so that it is easier to understand. "All of the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes had gathered there together" + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a shift in the storyline as the author begins telling us about Peter. + +# as far as the courtyard of the high priest + +As Peter followed Jesus, he stopped at the high priest's courtyard. This can be written clearly. AT: "and he went as far as the courtyard of the high priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He sat among the guards + +Peter sat with the guards who were working at the courtyard. AT: "He sat in the courtyard among the guards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/55.md b/mrk/14/55.md index 7f3adc0889..056da00892 100644 --- a/mrk/14/55.md +++ b/mrk/14/55.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +This word is used here to mark a shift in the storyline as the author continues telling us about Jesus being put on trial. -## translationNotes +# they might put him to death -* Jesus had just been seized in the garden by those sent by the chief priests, scribes, and elders. +They were not the ones who would execute Jesus; rather, they would order someone else to do it. AT: "they might have Jesus executed" or "they might have someone execute Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But they did not find any + +They did not find testimony against Jesus with which they could convict him and have him put to death. AT: "But they did not find any testimony with which to convict him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# brought false testimony against him + +Here speaking false testimony is described as if it were a physical object that someone can carry. AT: "accused him by speaking false testimony against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their testimony did not agree + +This can be written in positive form. "but their testimony contradicted each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/57.md b/mrk/14/57.md index 9605b3dcd0..1a232cb78f 100644 --- a/mrk/14/57.md +++ b/mrk/14/57.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# brought false testimony against him -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +Here speaking false testimony is described as if it were a physical object that someone can carry. AT: "accused him by speaking false testimony against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# We heard him say -* Jesus had been arrested and brought before the Jewish high priest. -* **We heard** - The word "we" refers to the people who brought false testimony against Jesus. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) +"We heard Jesus say." The word "we" refers to the people who brought false testimony against Jesus and does not include the people to whom they are speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# made with hands + +Here "hands" refers to men. AT: "made by men ... without man's help" or "built by men ... without man's help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in three days + +"within three days." This means that the temple would be built within a three-day period. + +# will build another + +The missing word may be added. AT: "will build another temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# did not agree + +"contradicted each other." This can be written in positive form. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/60.md b/mrk/14/60.md index 4a4e3affe0..9656127fd8 100644 --- a/mrk/14/60.md +++ b/mrk/14/60.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] +When Jesus answers that he is the Christ, the high priest and all of the leaders there condemn him as one who deserves to die. -## translationNotes +# stood up among them -* Jesus had been arrested and brought before the high priest. -* **stood up among them** - "stood up among the chief priests, scribes, and elders" -* **I am** - This is what God called himself in the Old Testament. +Jesus stands up in the middle of the angry crowd to speak to them. Translate this to show who was present when Jesus stood up to speak. AT: "stood up among the chief priests, scribes, and elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Have you no answer? What is it these men testify against you? + +The chief priest is not asking Jesus for information about what the witnesses said. He is asking Jesus to prove what the witnesses said is wrong. AT: "Are you not going to reply? What do you say in response to the testimony these men are speaking against you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Son of the Blessed + +Here God is called "the Blessed." It is best to translate "Son" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a "son" of a human father. AT: "the Son of the Blessed One" or "the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I am + +This likely has a double meaning: 1) to respond to the high priest's question and 2) to call himself "I Am," which is what God called himself in the Old Testament. + +# at the right hand of power + +Here "power" refers to God. AT: "at the right hand of God, who is very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# comes with the clouds of heaven + +Here the clouds are described as accompanying Jesus when he returns. AT: "when he comes down through the clouds in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/63.md b/mrk/14/63.md index 3a7419fbe7..b55ecd7159 100644 --- a/mrk/14/63.md +++ b/mrk/14/63.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# tore his garments -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +The high priest tore his clothes purposefully to show his outrage and horror at what Jesus has said. AT: "tore his garments in outrage" -## translationNotes +# Do we still need witnesses? -* Jesus had been arrested and brought before the high priest. -* **tore his garments** - a sign of outrage at what Jesus had said - thought of as blasphemy. -* **they all condemned him** - "All members of the Council condemned Jesus" +This can be written as a statement. AT: "We certainly do not need any more people who will testify against this man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You have heard the blasphemy + +This refers to what Jesus said, which the high priest called blasphemy. AT: "You have heard the blasphemy he has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They all ... Some began to + +These phrases refer to the people in the crowd. + +# to cover his face + +They covered his face with a cloth or blindfold, so he could not see. AT: "to cover his face with a blindfold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Prophesy + +They mocked him, asking him to prophesy who was hitting him. AT: "Prophesy who hit you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# officers + +"guards" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/66.md b/mrk/14/66.md index 2519051293..3b5ffeb076 100644 --- a/mrk/14/66.md +++ b/mrk/14/66.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:peter]] +As Jesus had predicted, Peter denies Jesus three times before the rooster crows. -## translationNotes +# below in the courtyard -* Jesus had been arrested and brought before the high priest. +"outside in the courtyard" + +# one of the servant girls of the high priest + +The servant girls worked for the high priest. AT: "one of the servant girls who worked for the high priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# denied + +This means to claim that something is not true. In this case, Peter was saying that what the servant girl said about him was not true. + +# neither know nor understand what you are talking about + +Both "know" and "understand" have the same meaning here. The meaning is repeated to add emphasis to what Peter is saying. AT: "I really do not understand what you are talking about!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/69.md b/mrk/14/69.md index f3ef52f0fc..3a5354a084 100644 --- a/mrk/14/69.md +++ b/mrk/14/69.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the servant girl -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] +This is the same servant girl who identified Peter previously. -## translationNotes +# one of them -* At this time Peter had already once denied that he had been with Jesus. -* **one of them** - "one of the disciples" +The people were identifying Peter as one of Jesus' disciples. This can be made more clear. AT: "one of Jesus' disciples" or "one of those who have been with that man they arrested" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/71.md b/mrk/14/71.md index 34cd378290..dae2911343 100644 --- a/mrk/14/71.md +++ b/mrk/14/71.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to put himself under curses +If in your language you have to name the person who curses someone, state God. AT: "to say for God to curse him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# rooster immediately crowed -* The people warming themselves at the fire with Peter had said that Peter had been with Jesus. -* **And he broke down** - To say that he "broke down" is a way to say that he was devastated or completely shocked. +The rooster is a bird that calls out very early in the morning. The loud sound he makes is "crowing." + +# a second time + +"Second" is an ordinal number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# he broke down + +This idiom means that he was overwhelmed with grief and lost control of his emotions. AT: "he was overwhelmed with grief" or "he lost control of his emotions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/intro.md b/mrk/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3bd261b043 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Mark 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:27, 62, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The eating of the body and blood ##### + +To this day, this symbolic action is practiced in nearly all churches in remembrance of Christ's sacrifice for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Past Events ##### + +Parts of this chapter are a sequence of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Mark sometimes writes as if the events have already occurred while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time that he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. + +##### Abba ##### +This is a word in Aramaic. Mark does not "translate" this word into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Aramaic letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this word either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this word without translating its meaning. + +##### "I am" ##### +This is a reference to the name of God, Yahweh. Jesus is explicitly claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [Mark 14:62](./60.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/01.md b/mrk/15/01.md index e9d8dd11a1..db29328de9 100644 --- a/mrk/15/01.md +++ b/mrk/15/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +When the chief priests, elders, scribes, and the council gave Jesus over to Pilate, Pilate did not want to condemn him. Though the crowd brought many accusations against Jesus, he did not reply to them. -## translationNotes +# they bound Jesus and led him away -* **You say so** - "You yourself have said so" +They commanded for Jesus to be bound, but it would have been the guards who actually bound him and led him away. AT: "they commanded for Jesus to be bound and then he was led away" or "they commanded the guards to bind Jesus and then they led him away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They handed him over to Pilate + +They had Jesus led to Pilate and transferred control of Jesus over to him. + +# You say so + +Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. AT: "You yourself have said so" or 2) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. AT: "Yes, as you said, I am" or "Yes. It is as you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# were presenting many charges against Jesus + +"were accusing Jesus of many things" or "were saying that Jesus had done many bad things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/04.md b/mrk/15/04.md index 5f54440e09..2c6032d79e 100644 --- a/mrk/15/04.md +++ b/mrk/15/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Pilate again asked him -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +"Pilate asked Jesus again" -## translationNotes +# Do you give no answer +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Do you have an answer" + +# See how many charges they are bringing against you? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "They are bringing many charges against you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See + +"Listen." This is a word used to direct Jesus' attention to the charges brought against him. + +# that amazed him + +It surprised Pilate that Jesus did not reply and defend himself. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/06.md b/mrk/15/06.md index b0c567dd91..5f9c7ebb03 100644 --- a/mrk/15/06.md +++ b/mrk/15/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:barabbas]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Pilate, hoping the crowd would choose Jesus, offered to release a prisoner, but the crowd asked for Barabbas instead. -## translationNotes +# Now +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline as the author shifts to telling background information about Pilate's tradition of releasing a prisoner at feasts and about Barabbas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# There with the rebels in prison ... in the rebellion, was a man named Barabbas + +"At that time there was a man called Barabbas, who was in prison with some other men. They had committed murder when they rebelled against the Roman government" + +# to do for them as he had done in the past + +This refers to Pilate releasing a prisoner at feasts. This can be made clear. AT: "to release a prisoner to them as he had done in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/09.md b/mrk/15/09.md index 71c5ea7490..d7abbc2a38 100644 --- a/mrk/15/09.md +++ b/mrk/15/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For he knew that it was because of envy ... Jesus over to him -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +This is background information about why Jesus was handed over to Pilate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# it was because of envy that the chief priests -* **released** - "sent away" or "forgiven" or "let go" +They envied Jesus, probably because so many people were following him and becoming his disciples. AT: "the chief priests were envious of Jesus. This is why they" or "the chief priests were envious of Jesus' popularity among the people. This is why they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# stirred up the crowd + +The author speaks of the chief priests rousing or urging the crowd as if the crowd were a bowl of something that they were stirring. AT: "roused the crowd" or "urged the crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# released instead + +They requested Barabbas to be released instead of Jesus. AT: "released instead of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/12.md b/mrk/15/12.md index 14745b7f8c..f06e2ae0c7 100644 --- a/mrk/15/12.md +++ b/mrk/15/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +The crowd asks for Jesus' death so Pilate turns him over to the soldiers who mock him, crown him with thorns, strike him, and lead him out to crucify him. -## translationNotes +# What then should I do with the King of the Jews +Pilate asks what he should do with Jesus if he releases Barabbas to them. This can be written clearly. AT: "If I release Barabbas, what then should I do with the King of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/14.md b/mrk/15/14.md index 621e317f11..28a0f2f4bc 100644 --- a/mrk/15/14.md +++ b/mrk/15/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Pilate said to them -* [[en:tw:barabbas]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] +"Pilate said to the crowd" -## translationNotes +# satisfy +"please" + +# He scourged Jesus + +Pilate did not actually scourge Jesus but rather his soldiers did. + +# scourged + +"flogged." This means to beat with an especially painful whip. + +# then handed him over to be crucified + +Pilate told his soliders to take Jesus away to crucify him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "told his soldiers to take him away and crucify him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/16.md b/mrk/15/16.md index 788cc74867..94589386b7 100644 --- a/mrk/15/16.md +++ b/mrk/15/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the courtyard (which is the government headquarters) -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:kingofthejews]] +This was where the Roman soldiers in Jerusalem lived, and where the governor stayed when he was in Jerusalem. AT: "the courtyard of the soldiers' barracks" or "the courtyard of the governor's residence." -## translationNotes +# the whole cohort of soldiers -* **the barracks** - This is the place where the soldiers stayed. -* **cohort** - "large amount" or "many" -* **They put a purple robe on Jesus** - This was an act of mockery. Purple was a color attributed to royalty and by clothing him this way they were mocking his title, "King of the Jews." -* **They began to salute him and said, "Hail, King of the Jews!"** - Again, the soldiers were mocking Jesus because they did not believe that he was the King of the Jews. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +"the whole unit of soldiers" + +# They put a purple robe on Jesus + +Purple was a color worn by royalty. The soldiers did not believe that Jesus was king. They clothed him this way to mock him because others said that he was the King of the Jews. + +# a crown of thorns + +"a crown made of thorny branches" + +# Hail, King of the Jews + +The greeting "Hail" with a raised hand was only used to greet the Roman emperor. The soldiers did not believe that Jesus was the king of the Jews. Rather they said this to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/19.md b/mrk/15/19.md index 079fb0387a..56e6be756a 100644 --- a/mrk/15/19.md +++ b/mrk/15/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# a reed -* [[en:tw:cross]] +"a stick" or "a staff" -## translationNotes +# bent their knees +This means to kneel. AT: "knelt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They forced a passerby ... to carry Jesus' cross + +According to Roman law, a solider could force a man he came upon along the road to carry a load. In this case, they forced Simon to carry Jesus' cross. + +# from the country + +"from outside the city" + +# a man named Simon of Cyrene the father of Alexander and Rufus + +This is background information about who the passerby is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Simon of Cyrene ... Alexander ... Rufus + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/22.md b/mrk/15/22.md index dbc3aac6d0..7c5ac6f95b 100644 --- a/mrk/15/22.md +++ b/mrk/15/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] +The soldiers brought Jesus to Golgotha where they crucified him with two others. Many people mocked him. -## translationNotes +# Place of a Skull +"Skull Place" or "Place of the Skull." This the name of a place. It does not mean that there are lots of skulls there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Skull + +A skull is the head bones, or a head without any flesh on it. + +# wine mixed with myrrh + +It may be helpful to explain that myrrh is a pain-relieving medicine. AT: "wine mixed with a medicine called myrrh" or "wine mixed with a pain-relieving medicine called myrrh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/25.md b/mrk/15/25.md index 542312fb44..0118d5f677 100644 --- a/mrk/15/25.md +++ b/mrk/15/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the third hour -* [[en:tw:crucify]] +"Third" is a ordinal number. This refers to nine o'clock in the morning. AT: "nine o'clock in the morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# On a sign -* **robbers** - "armed thieves" +The soldiers attached this sign to the cross above Jesus. AT: "They attached to the cross above Jesus' head a sign on which" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# charge + +"accusation" + +# robbers + +"armed thieves" + +# one on the right of him and one on his left + +This can be written more clearly. AT: "one on a cross on the right side of him and one on a cross on the left side of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/29.md b/mrk/15/29.md index a81b2e77c5..f66b5b5efd 100644 --- a/mrk/15/29.md +++ b/mrk/15/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# shaking their heads -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This is an action people do to show disapproval. -## translationNotes +# Aha! +This is a exclamation of mockery. Use the appropriate exclamation in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# You who would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days + +The people refer to Jesus by what he earlier prophesied that he would do. AT: "You who said you would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/31.md b/mrk/15/31.md index c1b7074329..9554968dd9 100644 --- a/mrk/15/31.md +++ b/mrk/15/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# In the same way -* [[en:tw:chiefpriests]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] +This refers to the way that the people who were walking by Jesus were mocking him. -## translationNotes +# were mocking him with each other +"were saying mocking things about Jesus among themselves" + +# Let the Christ, the King of Israel, come down + +The leaders did not believe that Jesus is the Christ, the King of Israel. AT: "He calls himself the Christ and the King of Israel. So let him come down" or "If he is really the Christ and the King of Israel, he should come down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# believe + +The means to believe in Jesus. AT: "believe in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# taunted + +"mocked" or "insulted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/33.md b/mrk/15/33.md index 2b21f57650..6ee108f99c 100644 --- a/mrk/15/33.md +++ b/mrk/15/33.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] +At noon darkness covers the whole land until three o'clock when Jesus cries out with a loud voice and dies, and the temple curtain rips from the top to the bottom. -## translationNotes +# the sixth hour +This refers to noon or 12 p.m. + +# darkness came over the whole land + +Here the author describes it becoming dark outside as if the darkness were a wave that moved over the land. AT: "the whole land became dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# At the ninth hour + +This refers to three o'clock in the afternoon. AT: "At three o'clock in the afternoon" or "In the middle of the afternoon" + +# Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani + +These are Aramaic words that should be copied as is into your language with similar sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# is interpreted + +"means" + +# Some of those standing by heard his words and said + +It can be stated clearly that they misunderstood what Jesus said. AT: "When some of those standing there heard his words, they misunderstood and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/36.md b/mrk/15/36.md index 36e2bf61a8..b4a1d7b0d7 100644 --- a/mrk/15/36.md +++ b/mrk/15/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# sour wine -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +"vinegar" -## translationNotes +# reed staff -* **sour wine** - "vinegar" -* **The curtain of the temple was split in two** - God split in two the curtain of the temple (See: [[[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]]] +"stick." This was a staff made from a reed. + +# gave it to him + +"gave it to Jesus." The man held up the staff so that Jesus could drink wine from the sponge. AT: "held it up to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The curtain of the temple was split in two + +Mark is showing that God himself split the temple curtain. This can be translated in active form. AT: "God split the curtain of the temple in two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/39.md b/mrk/15/39.md index b291f03457..2b8eff9955 100644 --- a/mrk/15/39.md +++ b/mrk/15/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# the centurion -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +This is the centurion who supervised the soldiers who crucified Jesus. -## translationNotes +# who stood and faced Jesus -* **Salome** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"who stood in front of Jesus" + +# that he was dead in this way + +"how Jesus had died" or "the way Jesus had died" + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# looked on from a distance + +"watched from far away" + +# (the mother of James ... and of Joses) + +"who was the mother of James ... and of Joses." This can be written without the parentheses. + +# James the younger + +"the younger James." This man was referred to as "the younger" probably to distinguish him from another man named James. + +# Joses + +This Joses was not that same person as the younger brother of Jesus. See how you translated the same name in [Mark 6:3](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Salome + +Salome is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When he was in Galilee they followed him ... with him to Jerusalem + +"When Jesus was in Galilee these women followed him ... with him to Jerusalem." This is background information about the women who watched the crucifixion from a distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# came up with him to Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for people to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/42.md b/mrk/15/42.md index 5f0c9e37a3..c2042cd7a5 100644 --- a/mrk/15/42.md +++ b/mrk/15/42.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pilate]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] +Joseph of Arimathea asks Pilate for the body of Jesus, which he wraps in linen and puts in a tomb. -## translationNotes +# evening had come +Here evening is spoken of as if it were something that is able to "come" from one place to another. AT: "it had become evening" or "it was evening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Joseph of Arimathea came there. He was a respected + +The phrase "came there" refers to Joseph coming to Pilate, which is also described after the background information is given, but his coming is referenced before for emphasis and to help introduce him to the story. There may be a different way to do this in your language. AT: "Joseph of Arimathea was a respected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# Joseph of Arimathea + +"Joseph from Arimathea." Joseph is the name of a man, and Arimathea is the name of the place his is from. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He was a respected member of the council ... for the kingdom of God + +This is background information about Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# went in to Pilate + +"went to Pilate" or "went in to where Pilate was" + +# asked for the body of Jesus + +It can be stated clearly that he wanted to get the body so that he could bury it. AT: "asked for permission to get the body of Jesus in order to bury it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Pilate was amazed that Jesus was already dead; he called the centurion + +Pilate heard people saying that Jesus was dead. This surprised him, so he asked the centurion if it was true. This can be made clear. AT: "Pilate was amazed when he heard that Jesus was already dead, so he called the centurion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/45.md b/mrk/15/45.md index 46975a589d..7d4b6648d9 100644 --- a/mrk/15/45.md +++ b/mrk/15/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# he gave the body to Joseph -* [[en:tw:centurion]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +"he permitted Joseph to take Jesus' body" -## translationNotes +# linen -* **a tomb that previously had been dug** - "a tomb that someone had previously dug" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **linen** - a cloth made from a flax plant (See how you translated this in 14:51-52.) -* **where Jesus' body was placed** - "where Joseph and the others placed Jesus' body" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Linen is cloth made from the fibers of a flax plant. See how you translated this in [Mark 14:51](../14/51.md). + +# He took him down ... Then he rolled a stone + +Joseph had help from other people to take Jesus down from the cross, preparing it for the tomb, and closing the tomb. AT: "He and others took him down ... Then they rolled a stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a tomb that had been cut out of a rock + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a tomb that someone had previously cut out of solid rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a stone against + +"a huge flat stone in front of" + +# Joses + +This Joses was not that same person as the younger brother of Jesus. See how you translated the same name in [Mark 6:3](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the place where Jesus was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the place where Joseph and the others buried Jesus' body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/intro.md b/mrk/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4798dcd9b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Mark 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The curtain of the temple was split in two" ##### +This is an important symbol. In the temple the curtain symbolically separated God and man. God could not be directly accessed because of his holiness. The death of Christ changed this. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "King of the Jews" ##### +This is sarcasm, which is the use of irony to insult someone. The phrases "save yourself and come down from the cross," "Let the Christ, the King of Israel, come down now from the cross, that we may see and believe" and "Let us see if Elijah comes to take him down" are also sarcasm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? ##### +This is a phrase in Aramaic. Mark does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Aramaic letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/01.md b/mrk/16/01.md index 12f13f0608..1da24a6f28 100644 --- a/mrk/16/01.md +++ b/mrk/16/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +On the first day of the week, women come early because they expect to use spices to anoint Jesus' body. They are surprised to see a young man who tells them Jesus is alive, but they are afraid and do not tell anyone. -## translationNotes +# When the Sabbath day was over +That is, when the sun had set on the seventh day and the first day of the week had begun. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/03.md b/mrk/16/03.md index 1d15df6c10..1982587895 100644 --- a/mrk/16/03.md +++ b/mrk/16/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the stone had been rolled away - -## translationNotes - -* [[en:obe:other:tomb]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone had rolled away the stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/05.md b/mrk/16/05.md index fc30a38752..a748123453 100644 --- a/mrk/16/05.md +++ b/mrk/16/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He is risen! -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:galilee]] -* [[en:tw:nazareth]] -* [[en:tw:peter]] - -## translationNotes - -* **He is risen!** - "He arose" or "God raised him from the dead!" or "He raised himself from the dead!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The angel is emphatically stating that Jesus has risen from the dead. This can be translated in active form. AT: "He arose!" or "God raised him from the dead!" or "He raised himself from the dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/08.md b/mrk/16/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0d529e69d7..0000000000 --- a/mrk/16/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/mrk/16/09.md b/mrk/16/09.md index 9f6a0aac92..c3bb681c39 100644 --- a/mrk/16/09.md +++ b/mrk/16/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:marymagdalene]] +Jesus appears first to Mary Magdalene, who tells the disciples, then he appears to two others as they walk in the country, and later he appears to the eleven disciples. -## translationNotes +# on the first day of the week -* **on the first day of the week** - "on Sunday" +"on Sunday" + +# They heard + +"They heard Mary Magdalene say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/12.md b/mrk/16/12.md index 8503b20f41..1da717694f 100644 --- a/mrk/16/12.md +++ b/mrk/16/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he appeared in a different form -* [[en:tw:disciple]] +Jesus was the person whom the "two of them" saw, but what they saw did not look like Jesus, so they did not know they were looking at Jesus. -## translationNotes +# two of them +two of "those who were with him" ([Mark 16:10](./09.md)) + +# they did not believe them + +The rest of the disciples did not believe what the two who had been walking in the country said. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/14.md b/mrk/16/14.md index 4821cfb09c..5afa51f763 100644 --- a/mrk/16/14.md +++ b/mrk/16/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:thetwelve]] +When Jesus meets with the eleven, he rebukes them for their unbelief and tells them to go out into all the world to preach the gospel. -## translationNotes +# the eleven -* **hardness of heart** - AT: "refusal to believe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These are the eleven disciples who remained after Judas left them. + +# they were reclining at the table + +This is a metonym for eating, which was the usual way people in that day ate meals. AT: "they were eating a meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# reclining + +In Jesus' culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. + +# hardness of heart + +Jesus is rebuking his disciples because they would not believe in him. Translate this idiom so it is understood that the disciples were not believing Jesus. AT: "refusal to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Go into all the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym for the people in the world. AT: "Go everywhere there are people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the entire creation + +This is an exaggeration and a metonym for people everywhere. AT: "absolutely everybody" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# He who believes and is baptized will be saved + +The word "He" refers to anyone. This sentence can be made active. AT: "God will save all people who believe and allow you to baptize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he who does not believe will be condemned + +The word "he" refers to anyone. This clause can be made active. AT: "God will condemn all people who do not believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/17.md b/mrk/16/17.md index e1c6e4c2f0..5f7a645096 100644 --- a/mrk/16/17.md +++ b/mrk/16/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# These signs will go with those who believe -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] +Mark speaks of miracles as though they were people going along with the believers. AT: "People watching those who believe will see these things happen and know that I am with the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# In my name they +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is giving a general list: "In my name they will do things like these: They" or 2) Jesus is giving an exact list: "These are the things they will do in my name: They." + +# In my name + +Here "name" is associated with Jesus' authority and power. AT: "By the authority of my name" or "By the power of my name." See how "in your name" is translated in [Mark 9:38](../09/38.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/19.md b/mrk/16/19.md index 0fa2c23e29..b15988f3d2 100644 --- a/mrk/16/19.md +++ b/mrk/16/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he was taken up into heaven and sat -* [[en:tw:disciple]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God took him up into heaven, and he sat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# at the right hand of God +"where the one to whom God gives the most honor and power sits" + +# confirmed the word + +This idiom means they proved that their message was true. AT: "showed that his message, which they were speaking, was true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/intro.md b/mrk/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c5bb19e6e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Mark 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Burial Practices ##### +It was customary in ancient Israel to place important or wealthy people in tombs and to close up the tombs with a large rock. Only wealthy families could usually afford this kind of burial place. + +=== Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter=== + +##### A young man ##### +The gospel accounts differ as to how many men or angels appeared in this interaction. It is likely that the men were angels, but how many of them were there is unclear. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these passages. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md), [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md), and [John 20:1-2](../../jhn/20/01.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/front/intro.md b/mrk/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d366dd1646 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# Introduction to the Gospel of Mark # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Mark #### + +1. Introduction (1:1––13) +1. The ministry of Jesus in Galilee + - Early ministry (1:14––3:6) + - Rising popularity (3:7––5:43) + - Moving away from Galilee and then returning (6:1––8:26) +1. Progress toward Jerusalem, repeated times when Jesus predicts his own death; the disciples misunderstand, and Jesus teaches them how difficult it will be to follow him (8:27––10:52) +1. Last days of ministry and preparation for final conflict in Jerusalem (11:1––13:37) +1. The death of Christ and the empty tomb (14:1––16:8) + +#### What is the Book of Mark about? #### + +The Gospel according to Mark is one of four books in the New Testament that describe aspects of the life of Jesus Christ, but that focus especially on his work. The four Gospels emphasize different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. It is probable that the book was written to defend Jesus's importance despite his shameful death like a criminal. This would have also encouraged the Christians who were being persecuted in Rome. It seems clear that Mark had mainly Gentile, non-Christian readers in mind. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of Mark," or "The Gospel according to Mark." They may also choose a title that may be clearer, for example, "The Good News about Jesus that Mark wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Mark? #### + +The book does not give the reader the name of the author. Since early Christian times, however, it has been generally believed that the author was Mark, also known as John Mark, a close friend of Peter. Although Mark may not have been an eyewitness to the life of Jesus, many believe that Peter's testimony provided Mark with the information for this book. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What were Jesus' teaching methods? #### + +Jesus came to be regarded as a rabbi, a teacher of God's law, by the people. He followed some standard methods of other religious teachers in Israel: he had students, called disciples; he also made up parables, fictional stories, in order to teach various principles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why does Mark often refer to Jesus as the "Son of Man"? #### + +Mark shows Jesus as adopting this title for himself. It is a reference to Daniel 7:13––14, where a person described as "a son of man," that is, someone who looked like a human being, received authority from God to rule over the nations forever, and was to be worshiped by all people forever. Besides being human, this person must also be God, because God would never allow someone other than himself to be worshiped. Because the Jews of Jesus' time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone, Jesus used it for himself to help them come to understand who he was truly was. + +Translating the title "Son of Man" can be difficult in many languages. A literal translation might be very misunderstood by readers. Translators can consider alternatives, such as "The Human One." An explanatory footnote might be useful also. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +#### Why does Mark frequently use terms indicating short periods of time? #### + +The Gospel of Mark uses the word "immediately" some forty-two times. This emphasizes the quickness of the events. This gives the reader the impression that it is a fast-paced account of the events. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Mark? #### + +The texts of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of more accurate manuscripts. The following are the most significant issues in Mark: + +* "If any man has ears to hear, let him hear." (7:16) +* "where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched" (9:44) +* "where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched" (9:46) +* "And the scripture was fulfilled that says, 'He was counted with the lawless ones'" (15:28) +* "Early on the first day of the week, after he arose, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, from whom he had cast out seven demons. She went and told those who were with him, while they were mourning and weeping. They heard that he was alive and that he had been seen by her, but they did not believe. After these things he appeared in a different form to two other people, as they were walking out into the country. They went and told the rest of the disciples, but they did not believe them. Jesus later appeared to the Eleven as they were reclining at the table, and he rebuked them for their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they did not believe those who saw him after he rose from the dead ones. He said to them, 'Go into all the world, and preach the gospel to the entire creation. He who believes and is baptized will be saved, and he who does not believe will be condemned. These signs will go with those who believe. In my name they will cast out demons. They will speak in new languages. They will pick up snakes with their hands, and if they drink anything deadly it will not hurt them. They will lay hands on the sick, and they will get well.' After the Lord had spoken to them, he was taken up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God. The disciples left and preached everywhere, while the Lord worked with them and confirmed the word by the miraculous signs that followed." (16:9-–20) + +Translators are advised not to translate these passages. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region that have some of these verses, it is not wrong to translate them. If they are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to Mark's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +#### What are the Synoptic Gospels? #### + +The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they share a large amount of textual material. However, the authors often used the same accounts and the same teachings of Jesus to emphasize different aspects of his life, ministry, and message. + +When text is the same or almost the same among two or three gospels, it is said to be "parallel." When these parallel passages are translated, the wording in the project language should be kept the same as much as possible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/01.md b/nam/01/01.md index 71d3ee1bf9..2121fc09ef 100644 --- a/nam/01/01.md +++ b/nam/01/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:nahum]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +Nahum describes the destruction of Nineveh in poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The declaration about Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite -* Nahum describes the destruction of Nineveh in poetry. (See: UDB and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The declaration about Nineveh** - "A message from God about the City of Nineveh." -* **Elkoshite** - A person from the village of Elkosh (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These words are an introduction to the entire book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "This is the book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite, which gives a declaration about Nineveh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Elkoshite + +A person from the village of Elkosh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/02.md b/nam/01/02.md index 9cc98137ea..40c2a8a364 100644 --- a/nam/01/02.md +++ b/nam/01/02.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Nahum begins to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh -* **he will by no means declare his enemies innocent** - This means that Yahweh will judge and punish his enemies when they disobey him. -* **makes his way in the whirlwind and the storm** - Like the strong wind and storm, Yahweh moves with power. Alternate translation: "comes in power" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **the dust of his feet** - "the dust that his feet kick up" +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# full of wrath + +"very angry" + +# he continues his anger for + +"continues to be angry with" + +# slow to anger + +"slow to become angry" + +# he will by no means declare his enemies innocent + +This emphatic negative statement can be translated positively. AT: "he will always punish his enemies" + +# Yahweh makes his way in the whirlwind and the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet + +The biblical writers often associated Yahweh's presence with powerful storms. Here Yahweh rides in strong storm winds and his feet are creating clouds by kicking up dust as he is coming to judge the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the dust of his feet + +"the dust that his feet kick up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/04.md b/nam/01/04.md index 20395f78f7..1761a556fc 100644 --- a/nam/01/04.md +++ b/nam/01/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. -## translationNotes +# Bashan is weak, and Carmel also; the flowers of Lebanon are weak -* Nahum continues to describe the power of Yahweh over the whole world -* **languishes...languish** - Alternate Translation: "weakens...weaken" or "fades...fade" -* **The mountains shake in his presence, and the hills melt; the earth collapses in his presence** - Alternate translation: "The mountains, the hills, and even the earth are afraid of Yahweh" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **shake** - like a person who is afraid -* **collapses** - "falls to the ground in fear" +The word translated as "weak" can also mean "wither" or "dry out." Bashan was known for its good pastureland where people tended sheep and cattle, "Carmel" refers to Mount Carmel, which was known for its tree orchards, and the snow from the mountains in Lebanon kept that place fertile. Since Yahweh dries up all the rivers and causes drought, these fertile places will no longer be fertile. AT: "The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the hills melt + +Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or 2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the earth collapses + +Possible meanings are 1) the mountains and hills collapse or 2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions. + +# the world and all people who live in it + +Here the word "world" refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/06.md b/nam/01/06.md index 088c62e2d5..f39498e869 100644 --- a/nam/01/06.md +++ b/nam/01/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. -## translationNotes +# Who can stand before his wrath? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? -* Nahum speaking about Yahweh's power -* **fierceness of his anger** - "intensity of his anger" or "amount of his anger" -* **His wrath is poured out like fire and the rocks are broken apart by him** - Alternate translation: "He pours out his anger like fire and breaks rocks apart" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. AT: "No one can stand before his wrath! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# fierceness of his anger + +"intensity of his anger" or "amount of his anger" + +# His wrath is poured out like fire + +Nahum speaks of Yahweh's anger as if it were a liquid that he pours out and which burns like fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He pours out his wrath like fire" or "He expresses his fierce anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rocks are broken apart by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he breaks apart the rocks" or "he causes the rocks to break apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/07.md b/nam/01/07.md index 19c491044a..d4a68f6707 100644 --- a/nam/01/07.md +++ b/nam/01/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a stronghold ... those who take refuge in him -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Nahum speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place where people can be safe from those who wish to harm them, and of those who trust Yahweh to protect them as if they were taking refuge inside that safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in the day of trouble -* **stronghold** - a safe place built for protection against enemies (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **day of trouble** - when the enemy attacks. Alternate translation: "when bad things happen" +"in times of trouble" or "when troubles happen." The word "day" here refers to a general period of time. + +# he will make a full end to his enemies + +The idiom "make a full end" refers to causing his enemies to die. AT: "he will completely destroy his enemies" or "he will kill all his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with an overwhelming flood + +Nahum speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies in such a way that they will be powerless to avoid death as if Yahweh caused them to drown in a great flood of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will pursue them into darkness + +Here the word "darkness" represents the place of the dead, which is characterized as a dark place. Nahum speaks of Yahweh killing his enemies as if he were chasing them into this dark place. AT: "he will cause all his enemies to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/09.md b/nam/01/09.md index 2a59233014..2cc3b988c6 100644 --- a/nam/01/09.md +++ b/nam/01/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Nahum tells the people of Nineveh how Yahweh will deal with them. -## translationNotes +# What are you people plotting against Yahweh? -* Nahum tells the people of Nineveh how Yahweh will deal with them. -* **make a full end to it** - "completely stop what you do" -* **trouble will not rise up a second time** - Alternate translation: "you people of Nineveh will not be able to attack again" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they...they...their...they** - Nahum speaks briefly to the Israelites about the people of Nineveh. -* **become tangled up like thorn bushes** - "face many problems that will prevent them from attacking" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **they will be completely devoured** - Yahweh will totally destroy Nineveh (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **promotes wickedness** - encourages people to do wicked things +This rhetorical question emphasizes the futility of making evil plans against Yahweh. AT: "It is futile for you people to plot against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He will make a full end to it + +The idiom "make a full end" refers to causing something to exist no longer. AT: "He will completely stop what you do" or "He will cause your plotting to fail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# trouble will not rise up a second time + +Possible meanings are 1) "trouble" is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. AT: "Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time" or 2) "trouble" refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. AT: "you will not cause trouble a second time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will become tangled up like thornbushes + +Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or 2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will be saturated in their own drink + +Nahum speaks of those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will be completely devoured by fire like dry stubble + +Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. This can be stated in active form. AT: "fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# devoured by fire + +Nahum speaks of fire burning something completely as if the fire were devouring that thing. AT: "burned up by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# promoted wickedness + +encouraged people to do wicked things \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/12.md b/nam/01/12.md index dadfb0ad99..6321acbd3e 100644 --- a/nam/01/12.md +++ b/nam/01/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Yahweh speaks to the Israelites about Nineveh. -## translationNotes +# Even if they are at their full strength and full numbers -* Yahweh speaks to the Israelites about Nineveh. -* **they...they...their** - the people of Nineveh -* **they will...be sheared** - Alternate translations: "I will take away their strength like a shepherd shears a sheep" or "I will cut them down like tall grass" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **break that people's yoke from off you** - Alternate translation: "set you free from slavery to those people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **break your chains** - "break the chains with which they bound you as slaves" +This refers to the Assyrians or to the people of Nineveh. + +# they will nevertheless be sheared + +Yahweh speaks of destroying the people of Nineveh as if the were sheep that he will shear. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will nevertheless shear them" or "I will nevertheless destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Now will I break that people's yoke from off you; I will break your chains + +Yahweh speaks of freeing Judah from Assyrian oppression as if he were breaking the yoke and chains that the Assyrians had placed on them. AT: "Now I will free you from that people and they will no longer oppress you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/14.md b/nam/01/14.md index 2a3bad46d2..05690fdb93 100644 --- a/nam/01/14.md +++ b/nam/01/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I will cut off the carved figures and the cast metal figures from the houses of your gods -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Yahweh speaks of destroying the Assyrian idols as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word "house" is a metonym for the temples in which the people worshiped these idols. AT: "I will destroy the carved figures and the cast metal figures that are in the temples of your gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I will dig your graves +It is implied that Yahweh will also bury them in the graves that he digs for them. AT: "I will dig your graves and bury you in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/15.md b/nam/01/15.md index 6a0c076f70..01f8962e62 100644 --- a/nam/01/15.md +++ b/nam/01/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# on the mountains there are the feet of someone who is bringing good news -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Here the word "feet" represent the person who is running in order to declare a message. AT: "on the mountains there is someone who is bringing good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# wicked one ... he -* **there is the feet of him who brings good news** - "there is he who brings good news" or "someone is bringing good news" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **wicked one...he** - Nahum refers to the Ninevites as though they were one person. -* **he is completely cut off** - Nahum speaks of a future event as though it has already happened see (UDB). +Nahum refers to the people of Nineveh as though they were one person. + +# he is completely cut off + +Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh being completely destroyed as if they had been cut off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he is completely destroyed" or "Yahweh has completely destroyed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/intro.md b/nam/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..00ccad9cc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/nam/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Nahum 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of this chapter) because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +Despite being divided into three chapters, this book consists of one long prophecy. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's anger against Nineveh ##### +This prophecy should be read in reference to the book of Jonah. That book described how the people of Niniveh, Assyria's capital city, repented when Jonah warned them that Yahweh was angry at them. The book of Nahum, written a little over one hundred years later than when Jonah was set, indicates that the Ninevites would be punished by God, but only after he had used them for his own purposes. These actions of Yahweh, although described as vengeance or anger, do not have the same sinful quality as they usually do with humans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Complete destruction ##### +At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true very suddenly. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nahum 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Nahum intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/01.md b/nam/02/01.md index 93c9cb9f3b..5f58308728 100644 --- a/nam/02/01.md +++ b/nam/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he begins to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The one who will dash you to pieces -* Nahum continues describing the destruction of Nineveh in poetry that began in [[:en:bible:notes:nam:01:01]]. (See: UDB and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He who will dash you to pieces** - The picture is of someone breaking a pot. Alternate translation: "He who will destroy you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **He who will dash** - Who this is is not clear, so translate using a general term: "Someone who will break you to pieces." -* **Man the city walls, guard the roads, make yourselves strong, assemble your armies.** - prepare for war -* **Man the city walls** - "Set guards on the walls for protection" -* **For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel** - This means that Yahweh will make Jacob and Israel great, and people will admire them again. -* **plunderers** - people who steal things by force, usually in war -* **emptied them out** - taken away everything, meaning 1) poured water out of a pot or 2) stripped the leaves off a tree or vine +The word "you" refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of an army or military leader destroying Nineveh as if he were to shatter Nineveh like one would shatter a clay pot. AT: "The one who will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# The one who will dash you + +The person who is "the one" is not clear, so translate using a general term. AT: "Someone who will break you" + +# is coming up against you + +The idiom to "come against" means to attack. AT: "is preparing to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Man the city walls, guard the roads, make yourselves strong, assemble your armies + +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Man the city walls + +Nineveh had a large, thick wall surrounding it. This refers to placing soldiers on the top of the wall in order to fight off attackers. This can be translated with a more general phrase if necessary. AT: "Man the fortifications" or "Prepare the defenses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# guard the roads + +This refers to having soldiers watch the roads leading to the city so that they can keep track of the enemy's approach. + +# make yourselves strong + +This is an idiom that means to prepare oneself for action. Here it applies to military action. AT: "prepare yourselves for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel + +The words "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms for the people who are descended from Jacob. Possible meanings are 1) the word "Jacob" refers to the southern kingdom and the word "Israel" refers to the northern kingdom. AT: "For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Judah, as he promised to restore the majesty of Israel" or 2) both "Jacob" and "Israel" refer to the nation as a whole, included both northern and southern kingdoms and the two lines are parallel. AT: "For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the plunderers + +people who steal things by force, usually in war + +# destroyed their vine branches + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the Assyrians taking away Israel's possessions by force is spoken of as if Israel were a vine whose branches the Assyrians had stripped bare. AT: "robbed them of all of their possession, like one would strip bare vine branches" or 2) the words "vine branches" are a synecdoche for the agricultural fields throughout the nation. AT: "destroyed their fields of crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/03.md b/nam/02/03.md index 1649cfd2fd..e552045150 100644 --- a/nam/02/03.md +++ b/nam/02/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The shields of his mighty men are red -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] +Possible meanings are 1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or 2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red. -## translationNotes +# his mighty men -* **his mighty men** - the soldiers of the one "who will dash" Nineveh "to pieces" ([[:en:bible:notes:nam:02:01]]). -* **cypress** - a type of tree whose wood is good for weapons (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **The chariots speed through the streets** - "The chariot drivers drive crazily in the streets" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to and fro** - Possible meanings 1) "back and forth" or 2) "side to side" -* **They look like torches** - This refers to the brightness of the chariots as they reflect the light from the sun. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +the soldiers of the one "who will dash" Nineveh "to pieces" ([Nahum 2:1](./01.md)). + +# the chariots flash with their metal + +This likely refers to the light from the sun reflecting upon the metal chariots. + +# on the day that they are made ready + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the soldiers have made them ready" or "when the soldiers have prepared them to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the cypress spears are waved in the air + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the soldiers wave their cypress spears in the air" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cypress + +a type of tree whose wood is good for weapons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# The chariots speed through the streets + +"The soldiers drive the chariots wildly through the streets" + +# They look like torches + +Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots with torches whose fire gives light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they run like lightning + +Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots, and the quickness with which the chariots move, with lightning that flashes quickly in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/05.md b/nam/02/05.md index e91b8b7567..49c8c3b625 100644 --- a/nam/02/05.md +++ b/nam/02/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who will dash you to pieces -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +The word "you" refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of an army or military leader destroying Nineveh as if he were to shatter Nineveh like one would shatter a clay pot. See how you translated this in [Nahum 2:1](./01.md). AT: "The one who will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in their march -* **dash you to pieces** - Translate this the same way you did in [[:en:bible:notes:nam:02:01]]. -* **remembers his officers** - Possible meaning: 1) "thinks of his officers" or 2) "summons his officers" -* **they...their...they** - the soldiers who will attack Nineveh -* **in their eager march** - "as they march" +The word "march" can be translated as a verb. AT: "as they march" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The large shield is made ready to protect these attackers + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The attackers make ready the large shield to protect themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The large shield + +This refers to a large cover that those who besieged a city would set up over themselves and their battering rams to protect themselves against the arrows and other projectiles with which the people in the city would attack them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/06.md b/nam/02/06.md index 5b39cc27b0..d3ad2db1ed 100644 --- a/nam/02/06.md +++ b/nam/02/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The gates at the rivers are forced open -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The gates at the rivers -* **So it has been decreed ** - "Yahweh has said this will happen" -* **the queen is stripped** - This can mean 1) "the soldiers take the queen's clothes off of her" or 2) "the queen has lost her authority" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the queen** - This can be either 1) the queen of Assyria or 2) an idol of a goddess in the temple (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **her female servants moan like doves** - "the female servants of the queen sound like doves as they moan" to mourn her loss of power (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This refers to the gates that controlled the flow and direction of the river. + +# Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy strips Huzzab of her clothes and takes her away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away + +The exact meaning of the word "Huzzab" is uncertain. Two possible meanings are 1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or 2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# her female servants moan like doves + +The moaning sounds that the female servants make sound like the sounds that doves make. + +# her female servants + +If the word "Huzzab" refers to a queen, then this phrase refers to the young women who attended her. If the word "Huzzab" refers to an idol, then this phrase refers to the young women who worked as temple prostitutes. + +# beating on their breasts + +Beating one's breast was a gesture used to express great mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/08.md b/nam/02/08.md index aa79730b16..a375bfd8fe 100644 --- a/nam/02/08.md +++ b/nam/02/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Nineveh is like a leaking pool of water, with its people fleeing away like rushing water -* [[en:tw:Nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Nahum compares the way that the people flee from the city of Nineveh with the way that water gushes from a reservoir of water when the dam has been broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# Take the silver plunder ... Nineveh's beautiful things -* **plunder** - Things stolen by force, usually in war. -* **there is no end to it** - This is a way to say there is a huge amount of something. Alternate translation: "there is a huge amount of it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **glory of all the beautiful things** - Possible meanings: 1) "abundance of all the beautiful things" or 2) "amount of all the beautiful things" -* **One's heart melts** - "The people lose their courage" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +It is not clear who is speaking here. This may be an apostrophe in which Nahum gives directions to the attackers, or the attackers may be speaking and giving directions to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Take the silver plunder, take the gold plunder + +The word "plunder" means things stolen by force, usually in war. AT: "Take the silver as plunder, take the gold as plunder" or "Take the silver, take the gold" + +# there is no end to it + +The words "no end" are an exaggeration to express that there is a great amount of something. AT: "there is so much of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# to the splendor of all Nineveh's beautiful things + +This phrase refers to the silver, gold, and other treasures in Nineveh. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "there is no end to the splendor of all Nineveh's beautiful treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Everyone's heart melts + +Nahum speaks of the people losing courage as if their hearts melt like wax. AT: "Everyone loses courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# everyone's knees strike together + +This describes a physical response to great fear. The people's legs shake so badly that their knees knock together and they are unable to walk or run. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/11.md b/nam/02/11.md index ad428c65bd..c8c20834e5 100644 --- a/nam/02/11.md +++ b/nam/02/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] +In these verses, Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were a group of lions, and of the city Nineveh as if it were their den. The metaphor speaks of the way in which the Assyrians would conquer other people and take their possessions as their own as if they were lions hunting prey and bringing the dead animals back to their den. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Where now is the lions' den ... afraid of nothing? -* **lion's den** - Nineveh is being compared to a lion's den because it is a place where killers live and a place where they bring back what they have stolen from the people they have killed. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **strangled** - "choked." Lions bite their victims' throats to prevent them from breathing. -* **filled his cave with victims and his dens with his prey** - These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. A lion's den would be in a cave and the prey are the animal victims the lion has killed. "filled his home with those he has killed" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Nahum uses this rhetorical question to mock Nineveh, which has been destroyed. AT: "The lions' den is nowhere to be found ... afraid of nothing." or "Look at what has become of the lions' den ... afraid of nothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he strangled victims + +"he choked victims." This is probably a reference to the way that lions usually kill their prey, by biting its throat. AT: "he killed his victims" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# filled his cave with victims, his dens with torn carcasses + +These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. The verb may be supplied for the second phrase. AT: "filled his cave with victims, and filled his dens with torn carcasses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/13.md b/nam/02/13.md index af2812bf0a..63607cb8ec 100644 --- a/nam/02/13.md +++ b/nam/02/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# See, I am against you -* [[en:tw:Yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Here Yahweh begins to speak. -## translationNotes +# See -* **See** - "Understand this" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the sword will devour your young lions.** - "your soldiers will die violent deaths" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the sword** - "soldiers with swords" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **devour** - "eat all of" -* **your young lions** - "your best young men" -* **I will cut off your prey from your land** - The word "prey" refers to the nations Nineveh steals resources and treasure from. This means that Yahweh will destroy Nineveh's ability to steal from other nations. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# the sword will devour your young lions + +Here the word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who attack with swords and is spoken of as if it were a person who eats its victims. Nahum also continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as if they were lions. AT: "attackers will kill your people with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will cut off your prey from your land + +Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. Possible meanings are 1) the word "prey" is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. AT: "I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others" or 2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh's prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. AT: "I will stop you from preying upon any other nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the voices of your messengers will be heard no more + +This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/intro.md b/nam/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4e91807df --- /dev/null +++ b/nam/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Nahum 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +Despite being divided into three chapters, this book contains one long prophecy. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Complete destruction ##### +At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true and did so very suddenly. At times, this chapter is very violent in describing the destruction of Assyria, and this violence should not be toned down through the use of euphemism. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nahum 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/01.md b/nam/03/01.md index cd40798223..b4eaa38881 100644 --- a/nam/03/01.md +++ b/nam/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he continues to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the city full of blood -* Nahum continues describing the destruction of Nineveh in poetry that began in [[:en:bible:notes:nam:01:01]]. (See: UDB and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the city full of blood** - Nineveh's soldiers killed many people. Alternate translation: "the city responsible for many people's deaths" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "blood" represents bloodshed and refers to the people who have committed murder. AT: "the city full of murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It is all full of lies + +Here the word "lies" is a metonym for those who tell lies. AT: "It is full of liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the noise of whips and the sound of rattling wheels, prancing horses, and bounding chariots + +These phrases describe the sound of chariots rushing through the streets as their drivers use their whips on the horses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/03.md b/nam/03/03.md index 109ab6c758..87fa28da42 100644 --- a/nam/03/03.md +++ b/nam/03/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# heaps of corpses, great piles of bodies -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and indicate that there were so many dead bodies that the attackers piled them in heaps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# corpses -* **corpses** - bodies of people who have died -* **There is no end of the bodies** - "There are many bodies" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **beautiful prostitute...expert in witchcraft** - As prostitutes sell physical pleasure and witches sell knowledge and power gained through magic, the people of Nineveh sell people they have taken in war and take profit from their sin. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +bodies of people who have died + +# There is no end to the bodies + +The words "no end" are an exaggeration for the great number of bodies that the attackers piled into heaps. AT: "There are too many bodies to count" or "There are a great number of bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the lustful actions of the beautiful prostitute + +Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a prostitute who seduces men with her beauty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the expert in witchcraft + +Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a witch who casts a spells on others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who sells nations through her prostitution, and peoples through her acts of witchcraft + +Here the word "sells" implies that the people of Nineveh cause other nations and peoples to become slaves. Nineveh uses her beauty, power, and influence to make others her slaves. AT: "who by her prostitution and witchcraft causes the people of other nations to become her slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/05.md b/nam/03/05.md index 63aebec59b..477828a836 100644 --- a/nam/03/05.md +++ b/nam/03/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# I will raise up your skirt over your face and show your private parts to the nations -* **See** - This word serves to draw attention to what comes next. -* **who will weep for her?' Where can I find anyone to comfort you?** - Alternate translation: "no one will cry for her,' and I cannot find anyone to comfort her." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating prostitutes by stripping them naked in front of the community. This continues the metaphor of Yahweh speaking of the city of Nineveh as if it were a prostitute. AT: "I will publicly humiliate you, as one would humiliate a prostitute by raising up her skirt over her face and showing her private parts to all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your shame to the kingdoms + +This phrase explains the purpose of lifting up Nineveh's skirt. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "I will show your shame to the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I will throw disgusting filth on you + +The words "disgusting filth" refer to all kinds of garbage. Throwing garbage at a person was a sign of strong contempt. AT: "I will show my contempt for you, like a person would throw disgusting filth at another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# who will weep for her? + +The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. AT: "no one will weep for her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where can I find anyone to comfort you? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there will be no one who will be able to comfort Nineveh. AT: "There will be no one to comfort you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/08.md b/nam/03/08.md index e95dbec3f8..178a9e5d10 100644 --- a/nam/03/08.md +++ b/nam/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:nineveh]] +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# are you better than Thebes ... itself? -* Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **are you better than Thebes...?** - AT: "you are not better than Thebes...." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Thebes** - the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered -* **whose defense was the ocean, whose wall was the sea itself** - The Nile River surrounded Thebes and made attacking it difficult. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **defense...wall** - Ancient cities had a main "wall" to keep attackers out, and an outer line of "defense" to keep attackers from the wall. -* **ocean...sea** - If these words are the same in your language, use a general term for a large body of water for "sea." +Nahum asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer that it anticipates. AT: "you are not better than Thebes ... itself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Thebes + +This was the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# that was built on the Nile River + +"that was situated by the Nile River" + +# whose defense was the ocean, whose wall was the sea itself + +These two phrases share similar meanings. The words "ocean" and "sea" both refer to the Nile River, which ran near the city. Nahum speaks of the Nile as if it were the wall that protected the city. AT: "which had the Nile river as its defenses, as some cities have a wall for theirs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Cush and Egypt were her strength + +"Ethiopia and Egypt strengthened her" or "Cush and Egypt were her allies" + +# there was no end to it + +The word "it" refers to the "strength" that Cush and Egypt gave to Thebes. That there was no end to it is a hyperbole that expresses the great amount of strength. AT: "their strength was very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Put and Libya + +These are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/10.md b/nam/03/10.md index 74e273185c..588bccae35 100644 --- a/nam/03/10.md +++ b/nam/03/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Yet Thebes was carried away -* Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **Yet** - This continues the comparison of Nineveh and Thebes from [[:en:bible:notes:nam:03:08]]. Possible meanings: "nevertheless" (See: UDB) or "even so" -* **Thebes** - the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered -* **she...her** - Thebes. -* **dashed in pieces** - The invaders killed the children of Thebes as easily as one breaks a clay pot. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bound in chains** - put into slavery. AT: "became slaves" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "Thebes" represents the people who lived in Thebes. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she went into captivity + +The word "she" refers to Thebes and represents the people who lived there. AT: "they went into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# her young children were dashed in pieces + +This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. This can be stated in active form. AT: "enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces" or "enemy soldiers beat her young children to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# at the head of every street + +The beginning of a street is spoken of as if it were the head. Also, "every" is a generalization that means many places all over the city. AT: "on every street corner" or "in the streets all over the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# all her great men were bound in chains + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they bound all her great men in chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You also will become drunk + +Here the word "You" refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/12.md b/nam/03/12.md index 6bd8f56172..84dc2fa3ac 100644 --- a/nam/03/12.md +++ b/nam/03/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# All your fortresses -* Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **fortresses** - This term, which could also be rendered as "strongholds" refers to all of Nineveh and the Assyrian empire. (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater** - The city of Nineveh will be easy to take like fruit from a tree. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the people among you are like women** - "your people are weak and cannot defend themselves" (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **bars of...gates** - large beams of wood that give the gates strength and do not allow it to be opened from outside the city. Burning these would make it impossible to close the city again. +Possible meanings for the word "fortresses" are 1) it refers to Nineveh's fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city AT: "All of your fortifications" or "All of your defenses" or 2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. AT: "All of your fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater + +Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. AT: "Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the earliest ripe figs + +This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# if they are shaken + +"if the trees are shaken." This can be stated in active form. AT: "if a person shakes the trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they fall into the mouth of the eater + +"the figs fall into the mouth of the eater." This is an exaggeration. By saying that the figs fall from the tree into the mouth of the one who eats it, Nahum emphasizes that the figs are ready to eat immediately. AT: "a person can eat the fig immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the people among you are women + +In this ancient culture, women were not warriors for a number of reasons, including their being generally weaker physically than men. Here Nahum speaks of Nineveh's warriors losing their strength and courage to fight as if the people in the city were all women. AT: "your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies" or "someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies + +Possible meanings are 1) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh's defenses, then "the gates of your land" refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. AT: "the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack" or 2) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders, then "the gates of your land" is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. AT: "your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fire has devoured their bars + +Possible meanings are 1) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh's defenses, then "their bars" refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. AT: "fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates" or 2) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders, then "their bars" is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. AT: "the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fire has devoured + +Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. AT: "fire has destroyed" or "fire has burned up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/14.md b/nam/03/14.md index f5a199d4c3..e845fa171b 100644 --- a/nam/03/14.md +++ b/nam/03/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Go draw water for the siege ... pick up the molds for the bricks -* Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **It will devour you like the locusts** - there will be nothing left. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **It** - the "fire" and "sword" -* **Multiply yourselves like locusts, like grasshoppers** - "Multiply yourself like locusts! Multiply yourself like grasshoppers!" These words seem to go more with [[:en:bible:notes:nam:03:16]] than with 3:15. -* **Multiply...like locusts** - This means they would become a very large city with many people and destroy many lands. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# strengthen your fortresses + +"repair the fortifications" + +# go into the clay and tread the mortar; pick up the molds for the bricks + +These phrases refer to making mud bricks that they will use to repair the city's wall. + +# Fire will devour you there + +Nahum speaks of fire burning and destroying as if it were eating. AT: "Fire will destroy you there" or "Your enemies will burn you with fire there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sword will destroy you + +Here the word "sword" is a metonym for the enemies who will attack with swords. AT: "your enemies will kill you with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It will devour you as young locusts devour everything + +The word "It" refers to the "sword," which is personified as eating those whom it kills. The soldiers using their swords to kill everyone in Nineveh is compared with the way that a swarm of locusts eats every plant in its path. AT: "Your enemies' swords will kill all of you, just as easily as a swarm of locusts devours everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Make yourselves as many as the young locusts, as many as the full-grown locusts + +These words begin a new paragraph where Nahum compares the number of people in Nineveh with the large number of locusts in a swarm. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/16.md b/nam/03/16.md index 03212a2035..ca26a4349e 100644 --- a/nam/03/16.md +++ b/nam/03/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars in the heavens -* Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars in the heavens** - The merchants of Nineveh are as impossible to count as the stars in the sky. AT: "You have more merchants than anyone could count." (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **merchants** - "traders" or "ones who buy and sell things" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **princes** - Use a word for political "leaders" (UDB). -* **generals** - Use a word for military "leaders" or other government authorities. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This exaggeration emphasizes the great number of merchants who lived and worked in Nineveh. AT: "It is as if you have more merchants than there are stars in the sky" or "You have more merchants than anyone could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# they are like young locusts: they plunder the land and then fly away + +Nahum compares the way that these merchants, who have made their profit by selling their goods in Nineveh, will flee from the city when the battle begins with the way that locusts fly away after they have eaten all of the plants in their path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# your generals are like swarms of them that camp in the walls on a cold day. But when the sun rises they fly away + +Nahum compares the way that the officials in Nineveh will flee when the battle starts with the way that locusts will remain still while it is cold, but will fly away when the sun rises and the air becomes warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# to no one knows where + +"and no one knows where they have gone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/18.md b/nam/03/18.md index 7c9e4f61f4..7205104df1 100644 --- a/nam/03/18.md +++ b/nam/03/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# your shepherds are asleep; your rulers are lying down resting -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +These two lines share similar meanings. Nahum speaks of the leaders of Assyria as if they were shepherd who are to care for their sheep. He speaks of the shepherds and rulers dying as if they had fallen asleep. AT: "your leaders who are like shepherds are dead; your rulers are all dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Your people are scattered on the mountains -* **Who has escaped your constant wickedness?** - AT: "Your constant wicked actions have hurt many people and nations." (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were sheep that scatter after the shepherds have died. AT: "Your people are scattered like sheep on the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No healing is possible for your wounds. Your wounds are severe + +Nahum speaks of the certainty of the destruction of Nineveh and the defeat of its king as if the king had suffered an incurable wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No healing is possible for your wounds + +The word "healing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "No one is able to heal your wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Who has escaped your constant wickedness? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. All of the nations that were near Assyria had suffered because of Assyria's constant wickedness. AT: "No one has escaped your constant wickedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/intro.md b/nam/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6ca06dc8cd --- /dev/null +++ b/nam/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Nahum 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Euphemism ##### +This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nahum 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/front/intro.md b/nam/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d56c51fa93 --- /dev/null +++ b/nam/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Introduction to Nahum # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Nahum #### + +1. Introduction to "the book of the vision of Nahum" (1:1) +1. The coming destruction of Nineveh + - The power and goodness of Yahweh to conquer his enemies (1:2–8) + - The destruction of Nineveh because of its people's evil (1:9–15) +1. The fierceness of the coming attack on Nineveh (2:1–13) +1. The doom of Nineveh and the mockery of it by its enemies (3:1–19) + +#### What was the Book of Nahum about? #### + +The Book of Nahum was about the coming destruction of Nineveh, the capital city of the Assyrian Empire. The prophecy ended with a celebration by the prophet Nahum and the enemies of Assyria. The book's purpose was to give hope to Judah. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title, "The Book of Nahum," in a way that is clearer to the readers. They may decide to call it "The Sayings of Nahum." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Nahum? #### + +It is probable that Nahum wrote this book. He was a prophet from Elkosh, an unknown city which was probably in Judah. The book was written before the fall of Nineveh in about 612 B.C. The prophet also mentions the destruction of Thebes, a city in Egypt, which occurred about 663 B.C. These facts allow us to have an approximate date for the Book of Nahum. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the importance of the descriptions of locusts in 3:15–17? #### + +Locust attacks occurred all too frequently in the ancient Near East. Certain kinds of grasshoppers would come in countless numbers, darkening the sky like a black cloud that blotted out the sunlight. They often came after a prolonged period without rain. They came down on whatever crops were surviving in the fields and stripped them bare of their leaves. The locusts were irresistible and always brought catastrophe with them. For this reason locust attacks served as a very powerful image of military attacks in the Old Testament. + +Locust attacks were frequently mentioned in the Old Testament, sometimes as threatened punishment from God, as, for example, one of the ten plagues that he inflicted on Egypt. + +There are various names for locusts in the original language of the Old Testament. It is uncertain whether these refer to different kinds of locusts or to the same kind of locust in different stages of growth. For this reason, versions of the Bible differ in how they translate these terms. +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What emotions were present in the various speakers in the Book of Nahum? #### + +Nahum's message presented the prophet speaking to the people of Israel and both the prophet and Yahweh speaking to the city of Nineveh. In speaking to the Israelites, the prophet wanted to comfort them. However, when speaking to the people of Nineveh, the prophet and Yahweh brought harsh judgment that was often mixed with mockery. This manner of speech was similar to speech in the custom of the ancient Near East, where it was usual for conquerors to laugh at their victims. It is important for translators to represent well both the emotions of comfort and of mockery in translation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/01.md b/neh/01/01.md index 3dcf63efad..2db80509db 100644 --- a/neh/01/01.md +++ b/neh/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Nehemiah ... Hakaliah ... Hanani -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jew|Jew, Jewish]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|kingdom of Judah, Judah]] -* [[en:tw:nehemiah]] -* [[en:tw:nehemiah|Nehemiah]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# in the month of Kislev -* **Nehemiah...Hacaliah...Hanani** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **in the month of Kislev** - This is the Jewish name for the ninth month of their calendar year. -* **in the twentieth year** - AT: "in the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, King of Persia" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **fortress city of Susa** - This was a royal city of Persian kings, located in the country of Elam, far away from Judah. It was a large city with walls. -* **one of my brothers** - AT: "one of my fellow Jews" -* **the Jews who had escaped** - AT: "the Jews who had returned to Jerusalem from the captivity" -* **the remnant of the Jews** - AT: "the Jews who had survived the Babylonian captivity" +"Kislev" is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the twentieth year + +Nehemiah is referring to the number of years that Artaxerxes had been reigning as king. AT: "in the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, King of Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# fortress of Susa + +This was one of the royal cities of Persian kings, located in the country of Elam. It was a large, fortified city with high walls surrounding it. + +# one of my brothers, Hanani + +Hanani was Nehemiah's biological brother. + +# Hanani, came with some people from Judah + +"Hanani came from Judah with some other people" + +# the Jews who had escaped, the remnant of the Jews who were there + +These two phrases refer to the same group of people. Possible meanings are 1) the few Jews who were taken as exiles to Babylon but escaped and returned to live in Jerusalem or 2) the few Jews who had escaped from those who were trying to take them into exile in Babylon and so remained in Jerusalem. Since it is unclear from where they escaped, it may be best not to specify in the translation. AT: "the Jews who had escaped the exile and who remained in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/03.md b/neh/01/03.md index a76aeb9220..4b3cc99ba2 100644 --- a/neh/01/03.md +++ b/neh/01/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They said to me -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +Here "They" refers to Hanani and the other people who had come from Judah. -## translationNotes +# the province -* **They said to me** - Here "they" refers to Hanani and the other people who had come from Judah. (See [[en:bible:notes:neh:01:01]]). -* **the province** - This is an area of land controlled by a king or greater ruler. AT: "Judah" or "the land of Judah" -* **the captivity** - This refers specifically to the Babylonian captivity. -* **disgrace** - "dishonor" or "humiliation from enemies" +Here "province" refers to Judah as an administrative district under the Persian Empire. AT: "the province of Judah" or "Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the wall of Jerusalem has been broken open, and its gates have been set on fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "armies have broken open the wall of Jerusalem and have set its gates on fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/04.md b/neh/01/04.md index 750e5fa783..a7bdc1282d 100644 --- a/neh/01/04.md +++ b/neh/01/04.md @@ -1,28 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then I said -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:awe|awe, awesome]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:fast|fast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Nehemiah tells what he prayed. AT: "Then I said to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh -* **Yahweh, you are the God of heaven** - AT: "O Yahweh, God of heaven" -* **the God who is great** - "the God who is important" or "the God who is powerful" -* **who keeps** - "who guards" or "who follows" or "who protects" God does not forsake his promise to Israel. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# who love him and keep his commandments + +Since Nehemiah is speaking to Yahweh, the pronouns "him" and "his" can be translated as "you" and "your." AT: "who love you and keep your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/06.md b/neh/01/06.md index e2509bb175..200cadfd85 100644 --- a/neh/01/06.md +++ b/neh/01/06.md @@ -1,39 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# open your eyes -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:confess|confess]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt|corrupt, corruption]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +"look at me." Here "open your eyes" is a metaphor that represents paying attention to someone. AT: "pay attention to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# so you may hear the prayer of your servant -* **Listen to my prayer and open your eyes** - "Let your ear be attentive and your eyes opened" -* **Listen to** - AT: "give your attention to" or "please consider" or "give ear to" -* **open your eyes** - Nehemiah is speaking with God as if he has human attributes. AT: "see and respond" or "look at what is happening" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **so that you may hear the prayer of your servant** - The word "servant" refers to Nehemiah. This is how a person would address his superior. Referring to oneself in this way showed humility and respect. -* **day and night** - This phrase uses two extremes in time to convey all the time. - AT: "without stopping" or "all of the time" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **confessing the sins** - AT: "admitting guilt for the sins" -* **And I and and the house of my father** - "Both I and my father's house" -* **We have acted very wickedly** - AT: "We have lived very sinful lives." +"so that you may hear the prayer that I, your servant, am praying." The word "servant" refers to Nehemiah. This is how a person would address his superior in order to show humility and respect. + +# day and night + +By saying that he prays both during the day and during the night, Nehemiah emphasizes the frequency of his prayers. AT: "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Both I and my father's house + +Here the word "house" represents family. AT: "Both I and my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/08.md b/neh/01/08.md index 920e031e4a..33800fd808 100644 --- a/neh/01/08.md +++ b/neh/01/08.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Nehemiah continues praying to God. -## translationNotes +# Please call to mind -* Nehemiah continues his prayer to God and quotes the promise God had made to Moses much earlier. -* **Please call to mind** - AT: "Please remember" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the word you commanded your servant Moses** - The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to God. -* **If you ... scatter you ... but if you return ...** - These pronouns "you" refer to God's people. -* **I will scatter you** - "I will disperse you" or "I will split you up" -* **return to me** - "turn back to me" or "come back to me" or "become faithful to me again" -* **to that place** - "to the land of Israel" -* **where I have chosen to make my name remain** - AT: "where I have decided to make my name dwell" or "where I make myself known" or "where I have shown the world who I am" +To "call to mind" is an idiom that means to remember. AT: "Please remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the word you commanded your servant Moses + +The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to God. + +# If you act unfaithfully ... scatter you ... if you return ... your people + +The pronouns "you" and "your" are plural and refer to the Israelite people. + +# I will scatter you among the nations + +Yahweh speaks of causing the Israelite people to live in other nations as if he scattered them like one would scatter seeds. AT: "I will cause you to live among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# though your people were scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "though I scattered your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# under the farthest skies + +Yahweh speaks of places on the earth that are very far away as being "under the farthest skies." AT: "to places very far away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to that place where I have chosen ... remain + +This phrase refers to Jerusalem, where the temple was located. AT: "to Jerusalem, where I have chosen ... remain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where I have chosen to make my name remain + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "where I have chosen to dwell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/10.md b/neh/01/10.md index 653a1116f3..43561da792 100644 --- a/neh/01/10.md +++ b/neh/01/10.md @@ -1,41 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:beg|beg, beggar]] -* [[en:tw:cupbearer]] -* [[en:tw:cupbearer|cupbearer]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Nehemiah continues his prayer. -## translationNotes +# Now -* Nehemiah continues his prayer to God. -* **Now they are your servants** - The word "they" refers to the Israelites, and "your" refers to God. -* **Now** - This word is used here to shift from words which God spoke to Moses (see [[en:bible:notes:neh:01:08]]) to words which Nehemiah is speaking to God. -* **your strong hand** - Nehemiah gives human characteristics to God. "Hand" here represents strength, power, or control. AT: "your great strength". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Listen now** - AT: "Let your ear be attentive" -* **the prayer of your servant** - The word "servant" refers to Nehemiah. This is how a person would address his superior. Referring to oneself in this way showed humility and respect. -* **your servants who delight to...** - AT: "your servants who are happy to..." OR "your servants who are pleased to..." -* **to honor your name** - "to revere your name" OR "to lift up your reputation" -* **grant him** - Nehemiah is referring to himself in the third person to express his humility before God. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **in the sight of this man** - "This man" refers to Artaxerxes, the King of Persia. +This word is used here to mark a break in Nehemiah's prayer. Here he begins to make his request based on Yahweh's promise. + +# they are your servants + +The word "they" refers to the Israelite people. + +# by your great power and by your strong hand + +Here "hand" represents strength or power. Together, these two phrases form a doublet that emphasizes the intensity of Yahweh's power. AT: "by your great power and by your mighty strength" or "by your very powerful strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the prayer of your servant + +Here "servant" refers to Nehemiah. This is how a person would address his superior in order to show humility and respect. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 1:6](./06.md). + +# the prayer of your servants + +Here "servants" refers to the rest of the Israelite people who would have been praying for Yahweh to act on behalf of his people and on behalf of Jerusalem. + +# who delight to honor your name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "who delight to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# grant him mercy in the sight of this man + +Here "him" refers to Nehemiah, who refers to himself in the third person to express his humility before God, and "this man" refers to Artaxerxes, the king of Persia. + +# in the sight of this man + +Nehemiah speaks of the king's attitude or disposition as if it were how the king viewed something. AT: "grant that the king will have mercy on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I served as cupbearer to the king + +This is background information about Nehemiah's role in the king's court. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/intro.md b/neh/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1cc41f812 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Nehemiah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah:" ##### +This phrase serves as an introduction to this entire book. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +This chapter is a single long record of Nehemiah's repentance on behalf of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### I ##### +While the author of this book is probably Ezra, the word "I" always refers to Nehemiah. + +##### Israel ##### +It is uncertain to whom "Israel" refers. It probably does not refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Neither does it likely refer to the twelve tribes of Israel. Instead, it is probably a reference to Israel in the sense of the surviving people group. At Nehemiah's time, this people group exclusively comprised the tribe of Judah because the other tribes had already been scattered throughout the entire Near East, where they lost their identity, for the most part. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Nehemiah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/01.md b/neh/02/01.md index bf582ec405..b8d791cffd 100644 --- a/neh/02/01.md +++ b/neh/02/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# In the month of Nisan -* [[en:tw:artaxerxes]] -* [[en:tw:artaxerxes|Artaxerxes]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +"Nisan" is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) -## translationNotes +# in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king -* **In the month of Nisan** - Translators may write a footnote that says something like “Nisan is a month in the spring. It overlaps with March and April.” AT: “In the spring.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **in the twentieth year** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **But the king** - "So the king" -* **Why is your face so sad?** - The face expresses one's emotions, so it is like saying "Why are you so sad?" -* **You do not appear to be ill** - "You do not look like you are sick" -* **This must be sadness of heart** - The heart is the center of emotions. AT: "You must be very sad." -* **Then I became very much afraid** - As Nehemiah prepares to answer, he does not know how the king will respond. +"in the 20th year that Artaxerxes was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Nehemiah tells background information about his demeanor before the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# But the king + +"So the king" + +# Why is your face so sad + +Here Nehemiah is referred to by his face because the face shows one's emotions. AT: "Why are you so sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# This must be sadness of heart + +This speaks of Nehemiah being sad as if his heart were sad, since the heart is often considered the center of emotions. AT: "You must be very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Then I became very much afraid + +As Nehemiah prepares to answer, he is afraid because he does not know how the king will respond. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/03.md b/neh/02/03.md index e202ca384e..e2b3a141f8 100644 --- a/neh/02/03.md +++ b/neh/02/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# May the king live forever -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb, grave, burial place]] +Nehemiah is showing honor to King Artaxerxes. Here "forever" is an exaggeration that refers to a long life. AT: "Long live the king" or "May the king have a long life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# Why should not my face be sad? -* **May the king live forever!** - "Long live the king!" or "May the king have a long life!" Nehemiah is showing honor to King Artaxerxes. -* **Why should not my face be sad?** - "I am very sad." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **the place of my father's tombs** - AT: "the place of my ancestors" -* **lies in ruins** - "is destroyed" +Here Nehemiah uses this rhetorical question to tell the king that he has a reason to be sad. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I have very good reasons to be sad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the place of my fathers' tombs + +"the place where my ancestors are buried" + +# its gates have been destroyed by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fire has destroyed its gates" or "our enemy has burned its gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/04.md b/neh/02/04.md index 8e2636ac28..69c3b5bdf5 100644 --- a/neh/02/04.md +++ b/neh/02/04.md @@ -1,30 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I replied to the king -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|kingdom of Judah, Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:queen|queen]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb, grave, burial place]] +"Then I replied to the king" -## translationNotes +# your servant -* **I replied to the king** - "Then I replied to the king" -* **If it seems good to the king, and if your servant has done well in your sight** - Nehemiah is referring to himself in the third person to express his humility before the king. AT: "If it pleases you, and if I have earned your favor" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **the city of my fathers' tombs** - AT: "the city of my ancestors." +Nehemiah refers to himself this way to show his submission to the king. + +# in your sight + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the city of my fathers' tombs + +"the city where my ancestors are buried" + +# that I may rebuild it + +Nehemiah does not plan to do all of the building himself, but he will be the leader of the work. AT: "that I and my people may rebuild it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/07.md b/neh/02/07.md index 00df410e8a..631e6d2287 100644 --- a/neh/02/07.md +++ b/neh/02/07.md @@ -1,34 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# may letters be given to me -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:governor|governor, govern]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|kingdom of Judah, Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:letter|letter, epistle]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] +This may be stated in active form. AT: "may you give letters to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the Province Beyond the River -* **may letters be given to me** - This passive phrase expresses a servant speaking to a king. These letters would show that Nehemiah had the permission of the king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **governors** - These were Persian government administrators. Persia controlled all the territory from Persia to Egypt, including Judah. -* **beyond the River** - "beyond the Euphrates River" This was a largest river in the Near East. -* **the fortress next to the temple** - "the fortress belonging to the temple" -* **the good hand of God was on me** - This phrase conveys God's guidance and favor. AT: "God's favor was upon me." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. + +# Asaph + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the good hand of God was on me + +God's "good hand" represents his "favor." AT: "God's favor was upon me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/09.md b/neh/02/09.md index 70effed2f6..5e0c58700c 100644 --- a/neh/02/09.md +++ b/neh/02/09.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Sanballat the Horonite -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:governor|governor, govern]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:horsemen|horsemen]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:letter|letter, epistle]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Sanballat is the name of a man, and the Horonites were a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Tobiah the Ammonite servant -* **beyond the River** - "beyond the Euphrates River" -* **Sanballat the Horonite** - Sanballat is the name of a man, and the Horonites were a people group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Tobiah the Ammonite servant** - This man was presumably a freed slave now serving as an officer in Ammon. +This man was likely a freed slave now serving as an officer in Ammon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# heard this + +"heard that I had arrived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/11.md b/neh/02/11.md index b1eedb2e88..9ff9005213 100644 --- a/neh/02/11.md +++ b/neh/02/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# had put into my heart -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] +Here Nehemiah's "heart" refers to his thoughts and will. AT: "had inspired me" or "had led me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# There was no animal with me -* **what my God had put into my heart to do for Jerusalem** - "what my God had told me to do for Jerusalem" or "what my God had inspired me to do for Jerusalem" -* **There was no animal with me** - "There were no animals with me" +"There were no animals with me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/13.md b/neh/02/13.md index 521f45fa52..1af54518b0 100644 --- a/neh/02/13.md +++ b/neh/02/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +A few men accompanied Nehemiah on this inspection, but he speaks in the first person because he was the primary person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# I went out by night by the Valley Gate -* **I went out by night by the Valley Gate, toward the Jackal's Well, and to the Dung Gate** - "At night, I went out through the Valley Gate, towards Jackal's well and the Dung Gate." -* **Valley Gate** - This gate was on the western or southwestern side of Jerusalem. -* **Jackal** - "wild dog" -* **Dung Gate** - Presumably, refuse was removed from the city through this gate. +"At night, I went out through the Valley Gate" + +# Jackal + +a wild dog + +# Dung Gate + +Presumably, refuse was removed from the city through this gate. + +# which had been broken open, and the wooden gates were destroyed by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Israel's enemies had broken open, and the wooden gates which their enemies had destroyed with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/15.md b/neh/02/15.md index 60053d9086..e6afb7a382 100644 --- a/neh/02/15.md +++ b/neh/02/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So I went up ... and I turned back -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The other men with Nehemiah also followed him. AT: "So we went up ... and we turned back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# by the Valley Gate -* **So we went up** - The "we" can also be "I." AT: "So I went up" understanding that the other men with Nehemiah also followed him. -* **The rulers did not know** - The rulers were the chief administrators or leaders. -* **the rest who did the work** - AT: "the others who would later do the work of rebuilding the walls" +"through the Valley Gate" + +# the rest who did the work + +This refers to the men who would later rebuild the walls. AT: "the others who would later do the work of rebuilding the walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/17.md b/neh/02/17.md index e2a359112a..7c8d1ac549 100644 --- a/neh/02/17.md +++ b/neh/02/17.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You see the trouble -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here "you" is plural, referring to all the people mentioned in [Nehemiah 02:16](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# its gates have been destroyed by fire -* **You see the trouble** - Here "you" is plural, referring to all the people mentioned in [[en:bible:notes:neh:02:15]]. -* **so we will no longer be in disgrace** - "so we will end this disgrace." -* **I told them** - "Then I said to them" -* **the good hand of my God was on me** - Here "good hand" is a metonym for God's presence or power. AT: "the powerful help of God was upon me" or "God was with me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Let us rise up and build** - The phrase "rise up and build" is an idiom. AT: "Let us begin building." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **So they strengthened their hands for the good work** - "So they got ready to go to work" or "so they encouraged themselves to do the good work." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "how our enemies destroyed its gates by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so we will no longer be in disgrace + +"so we will no longer be ashamed" + +# the good hand of my God was on me + +God's "good hand" represents his "favor." AT: "my God's favor was upon me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rise up and build + +This is an idiom. AT: "begin building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So they strengthened their hands for the good work + +The phrase "strengthened their hands" means to prepare to do something. AT: "So they prepared do this good work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/19.md b/neh/02/19.md index f06dd373c1..d886f5fb01 100644 --- a/neh/02/19.md +++ b/neh/02/19.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Sanballat ... Tobiah -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:arabia]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 02:9-10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Geshem -* **Sanballat...Tobiah...and Geshem** - These are the names of men who resisted the effort to rebuild the walls and the gates. See [[en:bible:notes:neh:02:09]]. (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Sanballat the Horonite** - The Horonites were a people group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Are you rebelling against the king?** - The word "king" refers to Artaxerses, the King of Persia. -* **We are his servants and we will arise and build** - AT: "We his servants will begin rebuilding." -* **But you have no share, no right, and no historic claim in Jerusalem** - AT: “But you have no share, right, or religious claim in Jerusalem.” +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# What are you doing? Are you rebelling against the king? + +These rhetorical questions are used to mock Nehemiah. These can be written as statements. AT: "You are acting foolishly! You should not be rebelling against the king!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the king + +This refers to Artaxerses, the king of Persia. + +# will arise and build + +This is an idiom. AT: "will begin rebuilding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But you have no share, no right, and no historic claim in Jerusalem + +"But you have no share, legal right, or religious claim to Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/intro.md b/neh/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..913dbf860c --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Nehemiah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the account of the construction of the wall. Many scholars believe these chapters teach valuable lessons on leadership. (See: [Nehemiah 2-6](./01.md)) + +##### Special concepts in this chapter ##### + +##### Nehemiah's character ##### +Apparently, Nehemiah's character made an impression on the king. It was very unusual for a king to be so concerned with one of his servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Cultural Customs ##### +In ancient Persia, they thought it was important for their conquered peoples to practice their own cultural customs. It was thought that this independence promoted peace in their vast kingdom. The rebuilding of Jerusalem may have been seen as a way to allow for the Jewish cultural practices. + +##### Yahweh's control ##### +Yahweh is seen as very powerful. He is able to provide for his people, even through a foreign king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/01.md b/neh/03/01.md index 2a7d7fdaf7..db09658b1c 100644 --- a/neh/03/01.md +++ b/neh/03/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brother priests -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"Then Eliashib the high priest came forward with his brothers, the priests" -## translationNotes +# Eliashib ... Zaccur son of Imri -* **Then Eliashib the high priest rose up** - "Then Eliashib the high priest came forward" -* **with his brother priests** - "with his brothers, the priests" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tower of the Hundred + +"Tower of the 100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Tower of Hananel + +This is the name of a tower. It is likely named after a man named "Hananel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# men of Jericho + +This means that the men were from Jericho. AT: "men from Jericho" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/03.md b/neh/03/03.md index 78ca44d946..54564bc850 100644 --- a/neh/03/03.md +++ b/neh/03/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Hassenaah ... Meremoth ... Uriah ... Hakkoz ... Meshullam ... Berechiah ... Meshezabel ... Zadok ... Baana -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:uriah]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# set its doors -* **Hassenaah...Meremoth...Uriah...Hakkoz...Meshullam...Berechiah...Meshezabel...Zadok...Baana** - These are names of men who rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they set its doors** - "they installed its doors" or "they put its doors in place" -* **its bolts and its bars** - "its locking mechanisms" or "its locks" -* **the Tekoites** - These are workers from the town of Tekoa. -* **their leaders refused to do the work ordered by their supervisors** - The Hebrew word translated "supervisors" may have been intended to be a reference to the Lord their God. AT: "their noblemen refused to serve their Lord." +"installed its doors" or "put its doors in place" + +# its bolts, and its bars + +"its locks and bars." These locked the gates securely. + +# Meremoth repaired the next section ... Meshullam repaired ... Zadok repaired ... Tekoites repaired + +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "Meremoth repaired the next section of the wall ... Meshullam repaired the wall ... Zadok repaired the wall ... Tekoites repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the Tekoites + +These are people from the town of Tekoa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# ordered by their supervisors + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that their supervisors had ordered them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/06.md b/neh/03/06.md index 92000954a4..c88c56e1d7 100644 --- a/neh/03/06.md +++ b/neh/03/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Joiada ... Paseah and Meshullam ... Besodeiah ... Melatiah ... Jadon -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# set its doors -* **Joiada...Paseah and Meshullam...Besodeia...Melatiah...Jadon** - These are all names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **they set its doors** - "they installed its doors" or "they put its doors in place" -* **its bolts and its bars** - "its locking mechanisms" or "its locks" -* **Melatiah the Gibeonite...Jadon the Meronothite** - Gibeonites and Meronothites are people groups. (See: [[en:obe:other:peoplegroup]]) -* **Gibeon and Mizpah** - These are names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the province beyond the River** - "the province near the Euphrates River" or "the near province at the Euphrates River" +"installed its doors" or "put its doors in place" + +# its bolts, and its bars + +"its locks and bars." These locked the gates securely. + +# Gibeonite ... Meronothite + +Gibeonites and Meronothites are people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gibeon and Mizpah + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Province Beyond the River + +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/08.md b/neh/03/08.md index b0673815a2..730cbfdcea 100644 --- a/neh/03/08.md +++ b/neh/03/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Uzziel ... Harhaiah ... Hananiah ... Rephaiah ... Hur ... Jedaiah ... Harumaph ... Hattush ... Hashabneiah -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# goldsmiths -* **Uzziel...Harhaiah...Hananiah...Rephaiah...Hur...Jedaiah...Harumaph...Hattush...Hashabneiah** - These are names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **goldsmith** - a person who makes gold jewelry and other gold objects -* **perfumes** - liquid substances that people put on their body in small amounts to smell pleasant -* **He was the ruler** - "He was the chief administrator" or "He was the leader" +A goldsmith is a person who makes gold jewelry and other gold objects. + +# goldsmiths, repaired ... Hur repaired ... Harumaph repaired ... Hashabneiah repaired + +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "goldsmiths, repaired the wall ... Hur repaired the wall ... Harumaph repaired the wall ... Hashabneiah repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# next to him was Hananiah, a maker of perfumes + +Hananiah repaired the wall as well. AT: "next to him Hananiah, a maker of perfumes, repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# perfumes + +liquid substances that people put on their body in small amounts to smell pleasant + +# ruler + +"chief administrator" or "leader" + +# half the district + +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/11.md b/neh/03/11.md index 458148e153..03ac51341f 100644 --- a/neh/03/11.md +++ b/neh/03/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Malchijah ... Harim ... Hasshub ... Pahath-Moab ... Shallum ... Hallohesh -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# repaired another section ... repaired, along with his daughters -* **Malchijah...Harim, and Hasshub...Pahathmoab...Shallum...Hallohesh** - These are all names of males (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **repaired another section** - "repaired another section of the wall" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Tower of the Ovens** - Presumably, this wall section contained ovens for cooking and baking. -* **Next to them** - This refers to the person working on the next stretch of the wall. -* **ruler of half the district of Jerusalem** - The "ruler" was the chief administrator or leader. -* **along with his daughters** - Daughters, as well as sons, did the repair work. +These phrase refer to repairing the wall. AT: "repaired another section of the wall ... repaired the wall, along with his daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Shallum son of Hallohesh, the ruler + +Shallum was the ruler, not Hallohesh. + +# ruler + +"chief administrator" or "leader" + +# half the district + +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/13.md b/neh/03/13.md index 1af53bd248..b8f3a1d234 100644 --- a/neh/03/13.md +++ b/neh/03/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Hanun -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the inhabitants of Zanoah -* **Hanun** - This is the name of a male. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Zanoah** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They built it** - "They rebuilt it" or "They rebuilt the gate" -* **Valley Gate** - "the gate of the valley" or "the gate that leads to the valley" -* **they...set its doors** - "they installed its doors" or "they put its doors in place" -* **its bolts and its bars** - "its locking mechanisms" or "its locks" -* **They repaired a thousand cubits** - AT: "They repaired another thousand cubits of the wall beyond the Valley Gate” (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **cubit** - a unit of measure roughly the length from the elbow to the tip of the fingers -* **the Dung Gate** - Presumably, refuse was removed from the city through this gate. +"the people from Zanoah" + +# Zanoah + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Valley Gate + +"the Gate of the Valley" or "the Gate that Leads to the Valley." Try to translate this expression as a name, not just as a description. + +# set its doors + +"installed its doors" or "put its doors in place" + +# its bolts, and its bars + +"its locks and bars." These locked the gates securely. + +# They repaired a thousand cubits as far as the Dung Gate + +They repaired the portion of the wall between the Valley Gate and the Dung Gate. AT: "They repaired a thousand cubits of the wall, from the Valley Gate to the Dung Gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They repaired a thousand cubits + +The missing words "of the wall" may be added. AT: "They repaired a thousand cubits of the wall" or "They repaired another thousand cubits of the wall beyond the Valley Gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a thousand cubits + +"1,000 cubits." This may be written in modern measurements. AT: "460 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the Dung Gate + +Presumably, refuse was removed from the city through this gate. Try to translate this expression as a name, not just as a description. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/14.md b/neh/03/14.md index 992423a512..38a84ca604 100644 --- a/neh/03/14.md +++ b/neh/03/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Malchijah ... Recab ... Shallun ... Kol-Hozeh -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Malchijah son of Recab, the ruler -* **Malchijah...Rechab** - These are names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bethhaccherem** - This is the name of a place. (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **he...set its doors** - "he installed its doors" or "he put its doors in place" -* **its bolts and its bars** - "its locking mechanisms" or "its locks" -* **Shallun...Colhozeh** - These are names of males. -* **the district of Mizpah** - Mizpah is a city to the northwest of Jerusalem. -* **the Fountain Gate** - "the gate that leads to the fountain” -* **the wall of the Pool of Siloam** - "the wall that surrounded the Pool of Siloam" -* **king’s garden** - a known location along the wall that, at one time, enclosed the royal garden +Malchijah was the ruler, not Recab. + +# ruler + +"chief administrator" or "leader" + +# Beth Hakkerem + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He ... set its doors + +"He installed its doors" or "He put its doors in place" + +# its bolts, and its bars + +"its locks, and its bars." These locked the gates securely. + +# Shallun son of Kol-Hozeh, the ruler + +Shallun was the ruler, not Kol-Hozeh. + +# the wall of the Pool of Siloam + +This means that the wall was beside the Pool of Siloam. AT: "the wall that surrounded the Pool of Siloam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/16.md b/neh/03/16.md index 4651f55271..2a9e439488 100644 --- a/neh/03/16.md +++ b/neh/03/16.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Nehemiah ... Azbuk ... Rehum ... Bani ... Hashabiah -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Nehemiah son of Azbuk, the ruler -* **Nehemiah** - A different Nehemiah from the person who authored this book -* **ruler** - "chief administrator" or "leader" -* **Nehemiah...Azbuk...David...Rehum...Bani...Hashabiah** - These are names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bethzur...Keilah** - These are names of places. (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **repaired to the place** - "repaired __the wall__ up to the place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **tombs of David** - "the tombs of David's royal house" -* **the house of the mighty men** - This may refer to the barracks where David housed his best troops. -* **mighty men** - "warriors" -* **After him** - "Just beyond him" or "In the next area" -* **the Levites repaired, including Rehum** - "the Levites repaired __the wall__. Among them was Rehum" -* **next to him Hashabiah** - "next to him Hashanah worked" -* **for his district** - "representing his district" or "on behalf of his district" +Nehemiah was the ruler, not Azbuk. + +# Nehemiah + +This is a different man named Nehemiah from the person who authored this book. + +# ruler + +"chief administrator" or "leader" + +# half the district + +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# Beth Zur ... Keilah + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# repaired to the place ... Levites repaired + +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "repaired the wall up to the place ... Levites repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# mighty men + +"warriors" + +# for his district + +"representing his district" or "on behalf of his district" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/18.md b/neh/03/18.md index 6821085688..e031399d3e 100644 --- a/neh/03/18.md +++ b/neh/03/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# After him their countrymen repaired ... repaired another section -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "Next to him their countrymen repaired the wall ... repaired another section of the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# After him -* **After him their countrymen repaired** - The implied information here is that the wall was being repaired. AT: "On the next section of the wall, their brothers did the repairs." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Bavvai...Henadad...Ezer...Jeshua** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bavvai the son of Henadad, the ruler of half the district of Keilah** - Bavvai was the leader of half the district, not Henadad. -* **district** - "governmental area" or "governmental region" -* **Keilah...Mizpah** - These are names of areas or regions. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ezer the son of Jeshua, the ruler of Mizpah** - Ezer was the ruler of Mizpah, not Jeshua -* **the ascent to the armory** - "the steps which went up to the armory" (UDB) -* **armory** - the place where weapons are kept -* **buttress** - "supporting corner" or "turning of the wall." The corner of a building where a supporting structure is. +"Next to him" + +# Binnui ... Henadad ... Ezer ... Jeshua + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Binnui son of Henadad, the ruler + +Binnui was the ruler, not Henadad. + +# Keilah ... Mizpah + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ezer son of Jeshua, the ruler + +Ezer was the ruler, not Jeshua. + +# that faced the ascent to the armory + +"in front of the steps that went up to the armory" + +# armory + +the place where weapons are kept \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/20.md b/neh/03/20.md index dea068a8b9..0e3c58630b 100644 --- a/neh/03/20.md +++ b/neh/03/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# After him -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"Next to him" -## translationNotes +# Baruch ... Zabbai ... Eliashib ... Meremoth ... Uriah ... Hakkoz -* **Baruch...Zabbai...Eliashib...Meremoth...Uriah...Hakkoz** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **buttress** - "supporting corner" or "turning of the wall." The corner of a building where a supporting structure is. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# repaired another section + +This refers to repairing the wall. AT: "repaired another section of the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/22.md b/neh/03/22.md index 25accba298..e6f48e96d7 100644 --- a/neh/03/22.md +++ b/neh/03/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# around Jerusalem, repaired ... Benjamin and Hasshub repaired ... Azariah ... repaired ... Binnui ... repaired -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "around Jerusalem, repaired the wall ... Benjamin and Hasshub repaired the wall ... Azariah ... repaired the wall ... Binnui ... repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Benjamin ... Hasshub ... Azariah ... Maaseiah ... Ananiah ... Binnui ... Henadad -* **the priests...repaired** - The implied information here is that the wall was being repaired. AT: "the priests fixed the wall" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Benjamin and Hasshub repaired** - See above note for implied information. AT: "Benjamin and Hasshub fixed the wall" -* **Benjamin...Hasshub...Azariah...Maaseiah...Ananiah...Binnui...Henadad...Azariah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **buttress** - "supporting corner" or "turning of the wall." The corner of a building where a supporting structure is. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# After them ... After him + +"Next to them ... Next to him" + +# opposite their own house + +"in front of their own house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/25.md b/neh/03/25.md index 17431a6f79..6baedc8099 100644 --- a/neh/03/25.md +++ b/neh/03/25.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Palal ... repaired ... Parosh repaired ... servants ... repaired ... repaired another section -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "Palal ... repaired the wall ... Parosh repaired the wall ... servants ... repaired the wall ... repaired another section of the wall" -## translationNotes +# Palal ... Uzai ... Pedaiah ... Parosh -* **Palal...repaired** - The implied information here is that the wall was being repaired. AT: "Palal...fixed the wall" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Palal...Uzai...Pedaiah...Parosh** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **buttress** - "supporting corner" or "turning of the wall." The corner of a building where a supporting structure is. -* **the tower that extends upward** - "the tower that rises up" -* **upper house of the king** - "higher palace of the leader of Israel" -* **the court of the guard** - This is the place where the guards stayed. -* **Ophel** - This is the name of an area or region. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Water Gate** - This is the name of an entranceway in the wall. -* **the Tekoites** - This is the name of people who came from the town of Tekoa. (See: [[en:obe:other:peoplegroup]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the tower that extends upward + +"the tower that rises up" + +# upper house of the king + +"higher palace of the leader of Israel" + +# the court of the guard + +This is the place where the guards stayed. + +# After him + +"Next to him" + +# Ophel + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# opposite the Water Gate + +"in front of the Water Gate" + +# the projecting tower ... the great projecting tower + +"the tall tower ... the tall tower." The phrase "the projecting tower" means a tall tower that juts out from the wall. It is likely that both of these phrases refer to the same tower. + +# the Tekoites + +These are people from the town of Tekoa. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/28.md b/neh/03/28.md index e33c177745..6f8b94d495 100644 --- a/neh/03/28.md +++ b/neh/03/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# priests repaired ... repaired the section ... east gate, repaired ... repaired another section ... repaired opposite -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "priests repaired the wall ... repaired the section of the wall ... east gate, repaired the wall ... repaired another section of the wall ... repaired the wall opposite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# above the Horse Gate -* **Horse Gate** - This is an entranceway in the wall. -* **Zadok...Immer...Shemaiah...Shecaniah...Hananiah...Shelemiah...Hanun...Zalaph...Meshullam...Berechiah...** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shemaiah the son of Shecaniah, the keeper of the East Gate** - Shemaiah was the keeper of the East Gate, not Shecaniah -* **the keeper of the East Gate** - "the person who looked after the East Gate" or "the person who opened and closed the East Gate" -* **East Gate** - This is an entranceway in the wall. -* **his living chambers** - "the rooms where Meshullam stayed" +The word "above" is used here because the priests' houses were likely located at a higher elevation than the Horse Gate. + +# opposite his own house + +"in front of his own house" + +# After them ... After him + +"Next to them ... Next to him" + +# Zadok ... Immer ... Shemaiah ... Shecaniah ... Hananiah ... Shelemiah ... Hanun ... Zalaph ... Meshullam ... Berechiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shemaiah son of Shecaniah, the keeper of the east gate + +Shemaiah was the keeper of the east gate, not Shecaniah. + +# the keeper of the east gate + +"the person who looked after the east gate" or "the person who opened and closed the east gate" + +# the sixth son + +"the 6th son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# opposite his living chambers + +"in front of the rooms where he stayed." The word "his" refers to Meshullam. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/31.md b/neh/03/31.md index e1b3720af8..405c20f4dc 100644 --- a/neh/03/31.md +++ b/neh/03/31.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# After him -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"Next to him" -## translationNotes +# Malchijah -* **Malchijah** - This is the name of a man (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **goldsmiths** - "people who worked with gold and made gold objects" -* **merchants** - "sellers" or "traders" -* **Appointment Gate** - This is the name of an entranceway in the wall. -* **upper living chambers** - "the higher level rooms where people stayed" -* **Sheep Gate** - This is the name of an entranceway in the wall. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# goldsmiths + +A goldsmith is a person who makes gold jewelry and other gold objects. + +# repaired to the house ... merchants repaired + +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "repaired the wall to the house ... merchants repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# merchants + +"sellers" or "traders" + +# upper living chambers + +the higher-level rooms where people stayed + +# Sheep Gate + +This is the name of an entranceway in the wall. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/intro.md b/neh/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf521c0477 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Nehemiah 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Priests ##### +The priests worked on rebuilding the city. Normally, the priests were exempt from this type of work. Because they helped, it emphasizes that this is a holy work and something done for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Cooperation ##### +Everyone worked on this project. Many names are mentioned to emphasize the cooperation between the different families. Each was given a section of the wall to rebuild. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/01.md b/neh/04/01.md index 0199392d52..06267ab27f 100644 --- a/neh/04/01.md +++ b/neh/04/01.md @@ -1,32 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Now when Sanballat -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jew|Jew, Jewish]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] -* [[en:tw:samaria|Samaria, Samaritan]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:stone|stone, stoning]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Here Nehemiah uses the word "now" to signal a new part of the story. -## translationNotes +# Sanballat ... Tobiah -* **Now when Sanballat** - Here Nehemiah uses the word "now" to signal a new part of the story. -* **it burned within him, and he was furiously angry** - Here "it" refers to Sanballat's realization that the Jews are rebuilding the walls. AT: "the idea burned within him, and he became enraged" -* **In the presence of his brothers** - "In the presence of his kinsmen" or "In the presence of his clan" -* **What are these feeble Jews doing? Will they restore the city...Will they offer sacrifices...Will they finish the work...Will they bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned?** - Sanballat poses these questions not to receive an answer but to mock the Jews. AT: "These feeble Jews can accomplish nothing. They will never restore the city, offer sacrifices, finish the work, or bring to life the burned stones." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **feeble Jews** - "weak Jews" +These are the names of a men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 2:10](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# it burned within him, and he was furiously angry + +Here "it" refers to Sanballat's realization that the Jews are rebuilding the walls. This speaks of Sanballat becoming very angry as if his anger were a burning fire. AT: "he became furiously angry" or "he became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In the presence of his brothers + +"In the presence of his kinsmen" or "In the presence of his clan" + +# What are these feeble ... Will they restore ... Will they offer ... Will they finish the work in a day? + +Sanballat poses these questions to mock the Jews. These can be written as statements. AT: "These feeble Jews can accomplish nothing. They will never restore the city for themselves. They will not offer sacrifices. They will not finish the work in a day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# feeble Jews + +"weak Jews" + +# in a day + +This speaks of not finishing something quickly by saying that it cannot be accomplished in a day. AT: "quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will they bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned? + +Sanballat also poses this question to mock the Jews. This can be written as a statement. AT: "They will not bring to life again the stones from piles of rubble that were burned." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned + +This speaks of the people rebuilding the city as if they were bring it back to life. AT: "restore the city and rebuild its walls from the useless stones that were burned and turned into rubble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the piles of rubble after they were burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from piles of rubble that someone had burned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If only a fox went up on what they are building, it would break down their stone wall + +Sanaballat mocks the wall and exaggerates how weak it is by saying that a fox could knock it down. AT: "That wall they are building is so weak that even if a little fox climbed up on it, their stone wall would fall to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/04.md b/neh/04/04.md index 865b464cbd..ea6e15a4f9 100644 --- a/neh/04/04.md +++ b/neh/04/04.md @@ -1,28 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Hear, our God, ... for they have provoked the builders to anger -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Here Nehemiah is praying to God. This can be stated clearly and written with quotation marks. AT: "Then I prayed, 'Hear, our God, ... for they have provoked the builders to anger'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Hear, our God, for we are despised -* **Hear, our God, for we are despised** - Here Nehemiah refers to the Jews. AT: "Hear, our God, for our enemies despise us." (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **give them up to be plundered** - Nehemiah asks Yahweh to have their enemies rob them. AT: "let their enemies rob them" (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Turn back their taunts** - The phrase "their taunts" refers to Sanballat's and Tobiah's insults. -* **in a land where they are prisoners** - "in a land of captivity" -* **Do not cover up** - "Do not hide" -* **they have provoked the builders to anger** - "they hurled abusive remarks at the builders" -* **so we built the wall** - "so we rebuilt the wall" +Here the word "we" refers to the Jews. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hear, our God, for our enemies despise us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# give them up to be plundered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let their enemies rob them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Turn back their taunts on their own heads + +The phrase "their taunts" refers to Sanballat's and Tobiah's insults. Here the word "heads" refers to the whole people. AT: "Turn their taunts onto themselves" or "Cause their insulting words to mock themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Do not cover over + +This speaks of a forgiving a person's sins as if they were a object that could be physically hidden. AT: "Do not forgive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not erase their sin from before you + +This speaks of forgetting a person's sins as if they were something written that could be erased. AT: "do not forget their sins + +# they have provoked the builders to anger + +"they have angered the builders" + +# So we built the wall + +"So we rebuilt the wall" + +# all the wall was joined together to half its height + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we joined the wall together and it was half its total height" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# half its height + +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/07.md b/neh/04/07.md index 0b9776c94b..2da6f64601 100644 --- a/neh/04/07.md +++ b/neh/04/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a great anger burned within them -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ammon|Ammon, Ammonites]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:arabia]] -* [[en:tw:arabia|Arabia]] -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:ashdod|Ashdod, Azotus]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +This speaks of the people being very angry as if their anger were something that burned inside them. AT: "they became very angry" or "they became enraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# against Jerusalem -* **Arabians...Ammonites...Ashdodites** - These are people groups. -* **Arabians** - AT: "Arabs" -* **a great anger burned within them** - "they became very angry" or "they became enraged" -* **But we prayed to our God and set a guard as protection against them day and night because of their threat** - AT: "Nevertheless, because of them, we asked our God to intervene and set a guard as protection against them day and night." +Here "Jerusalem" refers to the people who live there. AT: "against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# set a guard as protection + +"put men around the wall to guard the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/10.md b/neh/04/10.md index f685cd7ef5..df20e87f56 100644 --- a/neh/04/10.md +++ b/neh/04/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# There is too much rubble -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Rubble is "burned stone" or "broken rock" or "unusable stone." -## translationNotes +# They will not know or see until we come among them -* **There is too much rubble** - Rubble is "burned stone" or "broken rock" or "unusable stone." -* **They will not know or see until we come among them** - "They will not see us coming until we are beside them" +"They will not see us coming until we are beside them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/12.md b/neh/04/12.md index ea67b17c77..e847ff05a0 100644 --- a/neh/04/12.md +++ b/neh/04/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# from all directions -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This represents many directions. The word "all" is an exaggeration for represents "many." AT: "from many directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# spoke to us ten times -* **the Jews...came from all different directions and spoke to us ten times** - This is a figure of speech that exaggerates to make a point. It means, "the Jews came from many different directions and spoke to us many times" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **in the exposed areas** - "in the vulnerable areas" -* **Call to mind the Lord, who is great and awesome** - "Remember the great and awesome Lord" or "Remember the Lord, who is great and awesome." -* **Fight for your families** - "Fight for your kinsmen" -* **and your homes** - "and your households" +Here the number 10 is used to represent "many." AT: "spoke to us many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the exposed areas + +"in the vulnerable areas" + +# I positioned each family + +This refers to several people from each family, this likely does not include the women and children. AT: "I positioned people from each family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Call to mind the Lord + +the phrase "call to mind" means to remember. AT: "Remember the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/15.md b/neh/04/15.md index 37705a23d1..0af3e76384 100644 --- a/neh/04/15.md +++ b/neh/04/15.md @@ -1,29 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:armor|armor]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:shield|shield]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:spear|spear]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"It happened that" -## translationNotes +# their plans were known to us -* **and God had frustrated** - AT: "and that God had frustrated" -* **my servants worked** - AT: "my young men worked" or "my administrative staff worked" -* **the leaders stood behind all the people** - AT: "the leaders positioned themselves behind all the people" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we knew about their plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my servants worked + +"my young men worked" + +# half of my servants ... half of them + +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# the leaders stood behind all the people + +"the leaders positioned themselves behind all the people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/17.md b/neh/04/17.md index 3c4ff3d5bd..d295b1f22c 100644 --- a/neh/04/17.md +++ b/neh/04/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Everyone worked with one hand, and with the other hand he held his weapon -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] - -## translationNotes - -* **who were building the wall and carrying loads. Everyone worked with one hand, and with the other hand he held his weapon** - A new sentence can begin here. AT: “Those who carried burdens loaded themselves, each doing his job with one of his hands, while the other hand was holding a weapon.” +This is an exaggeration. They did not always work with only one hand, but they always had their weapon with them so that they were prepared to protect themselves and those around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/19.md b/neh/04/19.md index c1e8c37d1b..30ebb9d815 100644 --- a/neh/04/19.md +++ b/neh/04/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I said -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] +Here "I" refers to Nehemiah. -## translationNotes +# the nobles ... the officials -* **Then I said** - Here "I" refers to Nehemiah. -* **the nobles and the officials** - These are the officers referred to in [[en:bible:notes:neh:04:15]]. +These are the leaders referred to in [Nehemiah 4:16](./15.md). + +# The work is great + +Here the word "great" means "large-scale" or "huge." + +# the trumpet sound + +This refers to someone blowing a trumpet. AT: "someone blowing a trumpet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/21.md b/neh/04/21.md index 2543bb8099..5e22a10889 100644 --- a/neh/04/21.md +++ b/neh/04/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Half of them -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:spear|spear]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Here "Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## translationNotes +# from the rising of the dawn until the coming out of the stars -* **Half of them holding spears** - "Half of them were holding spears" -* **from the rising of the dawn until the coming out of the stars** - AT: "from the first light of day until the very beginning of the night" -* **in the middle of Jerusalem** - "within Jerusalem" -* **changed our clothes** - "took off our clothes" +This refers to the whole day, while it is light outside. AT: "from the first light of day until the very beginning of the night" + +# the rising of the dawn + +It is the point in time that the sun rises that is "dawn." Here the sun rising is spoken of as if the "dawn" rose. AT: "the rising of the sun" or "dawn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the middle of Jerusalem + +"within Jerusalem" + +# changed our clothes + +"took off our clothes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/intro.md b/neh/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a35ea7bc60 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Nehemiah 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Dedication ##### +The people were so dedicated to rebuilding the walls that they worked with their weapons ready for battle right next to them. Even when they were threatened with an attack, they continued to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### + +Sanballat uses a series of rhetorical questions. These are intended to show his intense anger against the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/01.md b/neh/05/01.md index 07beb0e6fd..c10c93cd7e 100644 --- a/neh/05/01.md +++ b/neh/05/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the men and their wives raised a great outcry against their fellow Jews -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jew|Jew, Jewish]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +Since they were working on the wall, the workers did not have enough time to work to buy and grow food for their families. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the men and their wives -* **the men and their wives raised a great outcry** - "the men and their wives cried out" -* **We are mortgaging our fields** - AT: "We are having to pledge" or "We are having to give in pledge" +This refers to the men who were working on building the wall. + +# raised a great outcry + +The word "outcry" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "cried out loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# We are mortgaging our fields + +"We are having to pledge" or "We are having to give in pledge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/04.md b/neh/05/04.md index a86c5373ab..0dae97adac 100644 --- a/neh/05/04.md +++ b/neh/05/04.md @@ -1,26 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yet now our flesh and blood is the same as our brothers, and our children are the same as their children -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:tax]] -* [[en:tw:tax|tax, taxes]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +Here the Jews are implying that they are of the same Jewish descent as the other Jews and that they of the same importance as the others. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Yet our families are Jews just like the other Jew's families, and our children are just as important to us as their children are to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# our flesh and blood -* **Yet now our flesh and blood is the same as our brothers, and our children are the same as their children** - "We are of the same descent as our fellow Jews and our children are like theirs" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Some of our daughters have already been enslaved** - AT: "We have already sold some of our daughters into slavery." -* **But it is not in our power to help it because other men now own our fields and our vineyards** - This text assumes information which the hearers would have understood: The Jews' fields and vineyards must be in their possession to produce the money they need. AT: "But it is not in our power to change this situation because other men now own our fields and our vineyards which we need to support our lives." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This is an idiom which refers to their family members. AT: "our family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Some of our daughters have already been enslaved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We have already sold some of our daughters into slavery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But it is not in our power to help it because other men now own our fields and our vineyards + +Since the mens' fields and vineyards are not in their possession, they are unable to produce the money they need to support their families. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "But we are unable to change this situation because other men now own our fields and our vineyards which we need to support our lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it is not in our power + +This is an idiom which means that they do not have the resources to do something. AT: "we are unable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/06.md b/neh/05/06.md index b51933568f..7cd5fb8eb5 100644 --- a/neh/05/06.md +++ b/neh/05/06.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# when I heard their outcry -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jew|Jew, Jewish]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:sister|sister]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +The word "outcry" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "when I heard them cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# You are exacting interest, each from his own brother -* **when I heard their outcry** - The word "their" refers to the poor Jews described in [[en:bible:notes:neh:05:04]]. -* **You are exacting interest, each from his own brother** - Every Jew would have known that it is wrong under the Law to charge interest to another Jew. AT: "Each of you is charging interest to your own brother, and that is wrong under the Law." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I held a great assembly against them** - AT: "I held a formal trial in which I charged them." -* **We, as much as we are able, have bought back from slavery our Jewish brothers who had been sold to the nations, but you even sell your brothers and sisters that they may be sold back to us!** - AT: "As far as possible, we have bought back our fellow Jews who were sold to the pagan foreigners. Now you are selling your own people, only for them to be sold back to us!" +Every Jew would have known that it is wrong under the Law to charge interest to another Jew. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Each of you is charging interest to your own brother, and that is wrong under the Law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I held a great assembly against them + +This means that he brought together a large group of people and brought these charges against them. The meaning of statement this can be made clear. AT: "I held a great assembly and brought these charges against them" or "I held them on trial in front of the assembly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but you even sell your brothers and sisters that they may be sold back to us + +This means that they are selling their family members as slaves to their fellow Jews. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Now you are selling your own people to be slaves of your fellow Jews, so that they might later sell them back to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who had been sold to the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who people had sold as slaves to the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/09.md b/neh/05/09.md index 1bba981de6..9d9a253a4d 100644 --- a/neh/05/09.md +++ b/neh/05/09.md @@ -1,41 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Also I said -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:olive|olive]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +The pronoun "I" refers to Nehemiah. -## translationNotes +# What you are doing -* **Also I said** - The pronoun "I" refers to Nehemiah. -* **What you are doing** - "You" here refers to the Jewish nobles. -* **Should you not walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations that are our enemies?** - This is a rhetorical question that Nehemiah is using to scold the nobles. AT: "You should walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations that are our enemies." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **walk in the fear of our God** - To "walk in" is a phrase used to talk about a person's lifestyle. AT: "live your life in a way that honors God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). -* **taunts** - "mocking" or "slander" or "reproach" -* **lending them** - "letting them borrow" -* **charging interest** - AT: "requiring pay back more than what was borrowed" -* **loans** - This is any money, food, or property that one person could let another person borrow in order to repay debts. The borrower would then be indebted to the lender. -* **percentage** - A part of the value of the loan that the borrower was charged in interest. -* **you exacted from them** - "you charged them" or "you made them pay" +"You" here refers to the Jewish nobles. + +# Should you not walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations that are our enemies? + +This is a rhetorical question that Nehemiah is using to scold the nobles. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations that are our enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# walk in the fear of our God + +This is and idiom. Here "walk" refers to a person's behavior and the way he lives. AT: "live your life in a way that honors God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). + +# the taunts of the nations that are our enemies + +The word "taunt" means "slander" or "mockery" and it can be expressed as a verb. AT: "the nations who are our enemies from taunting us" or "the enemy nations from mocking us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# lending + +borrowing or giving something to someone expecting repayment + +# loans + +This is any money, food, or property that one person could let another person borrow in order to repay debts. The borrower would then be indebted to the lender. + +# percentage + +A part of the value of the loan that the borrower was charged in interest. + +# you exacted from them + +"you charged them" or "you made them pay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/12.md b/neh/05/12.md index 3c6ac01afb..b7f0e51ed5 100644 --- a/neh/05/12.md +++ b/neh/05/12.md @@ -1,37 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then they said -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:amen|amen, truly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:robe|robe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "they" refers to the Jewish leaders. -## translationNotes +# We will return what we took from them -* **Then they said** - Here "they" refers to the Jewish nobles. -* **We will return what we took from them** - The nobles are saying they will return the money which the poorer Jews paid in interest charges. -* **We will do as you say** - "We" refers to the nobles who are speaking to Nehemiah. -* **Then I called** - "I" refers to Nehemiah. -* **and made them swear** - "and made the Jewish nobles take an oath" -* **I shook out the fold of my robe** - Many times in the Old Testament, oaths were physically demonstrated as a witness to what was promised. Nehemiah is demonstrating to the nobles what will happen if they break the promise they had made. -* **and they praised Yahweh** - AT: "and they worshipped Yahweh" -* **And the people did as they had promised** - AT: "and all the person kept their promises." +The Jewish leaders are saying they will return the money which the poorer Jews paid in interest charges. + +# made them swear + +Here the word "them" refers to the Jewish leaders. + +# Then I called + +"I" refers to Nehemiah. + +# I shook out the fold of my robe + +"I shook out the pockets of my robe." Many times in the Old Testament, oaths were physically demonstrated as a witness to what was promised. Nehemiah is demonstrating to the Jewish leaders what will happen if they break the promise they had made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# So may God shake out of his house ... So may he be shaken out and emptied + +Here Nehemiah speaks of God taking away all of a man's possessions as if God were shaking him out of his home and possessions like Nehemiah shook out his robe. AT: "So may God take away from every man who does not keep his promise all of his possessions and his home like I have taken everything out of the fold of my robe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/14.md b/neh/05/14.md index 716475d2a1..99c4fb7fb7 100644 --- a/neh/05/14.md +++ b/neh/05/14.md @@ -1,41 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# from the time I was appointed -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:artaxerxes]] -* [[en:tw:artaxerxes|Artaxerxes]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney|biblical money]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:burden|burden]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:governor|governor, govern]] -* [[en:tw:governor|governor, govern]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|kingdom of Judah, Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Here "I" refers to Nehemiah. -## translationNotes +# from the twentieth year until the thirty-second year -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **twentieth year until the thirty-second year of Artexerxes the king** - second year of Artexerxes the king** - Years in the ancient Near East were measured by the year of a king's reign. -* **twelve years** - Nehemiah is restating the number of years for emphasis. AT: "during that entire time" -* **neither I nor my brothers ate the food provided for the governor** - "Neither my brothers nor I ate the food provided for the governor." This food was provided by the king and was part of what a governor was paid by the people. Because the people were starving, Nehemiah chose not to make use of this privilege. -* **former governors** - "previous governors" or "governors from the past" Nehemiah was not the first governor of Judah. -* **took from them forty shekels of silver for their daily food and wine** - AT: "from them forty shekels of silver in addition to daily food and wine." -* **shekel** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +"from the 20th year until the 32 year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# of Artaxerxes the king + +"that Artaxerxes was king" + +# twelve years + +"12 years" or "during those 12 years." Nehemiah is restating the number of years to emphasize that he did this continually for the full time he was governor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the food provided for the governor + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "ate the food that the people provided for the governor" + +# for their daily + +"every day for their" + +# former governors + +"previous governors" or "governors from the past." Nehemiah was not the first governor of Judah. + +# forty shekels + +"40 shekels" or "40 silver coins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# But I did not do so because of the fear of God + +"But because my fear of God I did not take the food" or "But I did not take the food because I feared God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/16.md b/neh/05/16.md index c293da3222..3928caa29f 100644 --- a/neh/05/16.md +++ b/neh/05/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# I also continued -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:jew|Jew, Jewish]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"I" refers to Nehemiah. -## translationNotes +# we bought -* **I also continued** - "I" refers to Nehemiah. -* **continued to work on the wall** - When the people returned to Jerusalem, they started rebuilding the walls, but didn't finish them. -* **we bought no land** - Working the land was the source of wealth. Again, Nehemiah did not make use of his privileges as governor. -* **we bought** - The word "we" refers to Nehemiah and his servants. -* **all my servants were gathered there for the work** - "All my servants worked on the wall, too." -* **my table** - This refers to the governor's table. It was a communal table for the community and for discussion of issues. -* **officials** - AT: "other government employees" +The word "we" refers to Nehemiah and his servants. + +# all my servants were gathered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I gathered all of my servants there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the work + +"to work on the wall" + +# 150 men + +"one hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# At my table were the Jews ... from among the nations who were around us + +Nehemiah was responsible for providing food for all of these people. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Also, every day I was responsible to feed at our table the Jews and the officials, 150 people; and we also fed the visitors who came from other countries around us (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my table + +This refers to the governor's table. It was a communal table for the community and for discussion of issues. + +# officials + +"government leaders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/18.md b/neh/05/18.md index 34d6e9348e..46b623aa56 100644 --- a/neh/05/18.md +++ b/neh/05/18.md @@ -1,28 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now what was prepared each day was -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:governor|governor, govern]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Each day I told my servants to prepare" or "Each day I told my servants to serve us the meat from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# six choice ... ten days -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **what was prepared** - AT: "what was cooked for my table," or "what was made for our meal" -* **one ox, six choice sheep, and also birds** - This was the daily menu for the 150+ people mentioned in [[en:bible:notes:neh:05:16]]) -* **wine in abundance** - AT: "more than enough wine for everyone" -* **yet for all this I did not demand the food allowance of the governor** - "yet I never asked for the governor's food allowance." All of this food and wine was supposed to be supplied by the people, but Nehemiah used his own food and wine to feed all of these people. -* **food allowance** - This is the portion that was owed the governor by the people. -* **Call me to mind, my God, for good** - "Remember me, my God, for the good things that I have done," or "God, when you think about me, remember all the good I am doing for the people." Nehemiah is now praying to God and asking for help. +"6 choice ... 10 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# wine in abundance + +"enough wine for everyone" + +# yet for all this I did not demand the food allowance of the governor + +"yet I never asked for the governor's food allowance" + +# Call me to mind + +This is an idiom. It is a request for God to think about him and remember him. AT: "Remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for good + +This idiom is a request for God to reward him with good things because of the good that he has done for the people. AT: "and reward me" or "cause good to happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/intro.md b/neh/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fb5f39abda --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Nehemiah 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Equality ##### + +The rich made money from the poor. The rich oppressed the poor by charging interest on loans. Because Nehemiah wanted to treat everyone fairly, he did not collect any taxes from them. This chapter also emphasizes that it was wrong to enslave a fellow Jew. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]]) + +##### Governor ##### +Nehemiah was a governmental leader in Jerusalem, but he was not a king. Jerusalem had a great deal of independence, but it was under the authority of the Persian king. The term "governor" reflects this idea, but a different term may be used in translation. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/01.md b/neh/06/01.md index 809adef6f2..5396f8c8ca 100644 --- a/neh/06/01.md +++ b/neh/06/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:arabia]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 2:9-10](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# I had rebuilt the wall ... I had not yet -* **Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem** - These are all male names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **rebuilt the wall and that** - "rebuilt the wall so that" -* **no longer any sections left broken open** - "no more breaks in the city wall" -* **Ono** - This is the name of a valley. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Nehemiah supervised the rebuilding of the wall and did not build it by himself. AT: "we had rebuilt the wall ... we had not yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# any sections + +This refers to sections of the wall. AT: "any sections of the wall" or "any gaps in the city wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# sent to me + +This means that they sent a messenger with a message. AT: "sent a messenger to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ono + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/03.md b/neh/06/03.md index 17580aaf67..29190a8105 100644 --- a/neh/06/03.md +++ b/neh/06/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am doing a great work -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Nehemiah supervised the rebuilding of the wall. He did not build it by himself. AT: "We are doing a great work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you? -* **I sent a messenger to them** - Here (and in verse 4) "them" refers to Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem. (See: [[:en:bible:notes:neh:06:01]]) -* **and I cannot** - "and I am unable to" or "and I am not able to" -* **Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you?** - This is a statement posed as a question that does not expect (and does not get) an answer. The purpose of the question is to challenge Sanballat. AT: "I will not let the work stop while I leave it and come down to you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is used to challenge Sanballat's request. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I cannot let the work stop and come down to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# down to you + +The word "down" is used here because the plain of Ono where they were requesting Nehemiah to come is at a lower elevation than Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/05.md b/neh/06/05.md index 48739f110a..a2c69bee60 100644 --- a/neh/06/05.md +++ b/neh/06/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Sanballat sent his servant to me in the same way the fifth time -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Identifying this message separately means it is distinct in some way from the previous four messages and, therefore, should be noted. -## translationNotes +# the fifth time -* **Sanballat sent his servant to me in the same way the fifth time** - Identifying this message separately means it is distinct in some way from the previous four messages and, therefore, should be noted. AT: "Sanballat sent his servant to me the fifth time" -* **an open letter** - The letter was an unsealed diplomatic communication. This was an insult to the recipient because the courier was free to read it and spread its contents among the people of the region. -* **in his hand** - AT: "in his possession" -* **It is reported among the nations that** - AT: "The rumor in the region is that" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you and the Jews are planning to rebel, for that is why you are rebuilding the wall. From what these reports say, you are about to become their king** - Nehemiah is accused of plotting treachery against his benefactor, Artaxerxes, the Persian king whom Nehemiah served as cupbearer. (See: [[en:bible:notes:neh:02:01]]) -* **for that is why you are rebuilding** - AT: "and that is why you are rebuilding" +"the 5th time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# an open letter + +The letter was an unsealed diplomatic communication. This was an insult to the recipient because the courier was free to read it and spread its contents among the people of the region. + +# in his hand + +This means he had the letter in his possession, but he did not necessarily carry it in his hand at all times. AT: "in his possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It is reported among the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The rumor in the region is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# are planning to rebel + +This means that they are planning to rebel against Artaxerxes, the Persian king, who was currently ruling the Jews. AT: "are planning to rebel against Artaxerxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/07.md b/neh/06/07.md index 7270754ae8..3cc2249076 100644 --- a/neh/06/07.md +++ b/neh/06/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the king will hear -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, see]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:report|report]] +"King Artaxerxes will hear" -## translationNotes +# Therefore come -* **There is a king in Judah** - Sanballat says that Nehemiah has spread the idea that he will be the king of Judah. -* **You can be sure the king will hear these reports** - Here "the king" refers to Artaxerxes, the Persian king whom Nehemiah served as cupbearer. +"Therefore come meet with us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/08.md b/neh/06/08.md index 266070aa71..05fe2ea57d 100644 --- a/neh/06/08.md +++ b/neh/06/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then I sent word to him -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here "I" refers to Nehemiah and "him" to Sanballat. -## translationNotes +# No such things have occurred as you say -* **Then I sent word to him** - Here "I" refers to Nehemiah and "him" to Sanballat. -* **"No such things have occurred as you say** - "None of the things you say have occurred" -* **for within your heart you invented them** - "you fabricated all of them yourself" -* **For they all wanted to make us afraid** - Here "they" refers to Nehemiah's enemies, Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem, and their followers. The word "us" refers to the people of God. -* **"They will drop their hands from doing the work, and it will not be done** - "Out of fear, the workers on the wall will stop their work" -* **But now, God, please strengthen my hands** - AT "Now I was even more determined to do the work." +"None of the things you have written have occurred" + +# for within your heart you invented them + +Here the "heart" refers to the "mind," that is, to one's desires and thoughts. AT: "for within your mind you invented them" or "for you have made this up in your own imagination" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For they all wanted to make us afraid + +Here "they" refers to Nehemiah's enemies, Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem, and their followers. The word "us" refers to the Jews. + +# They will drop their hands from doing the work + +This is a descriptive phrase that means that they are stopping their work on the wall. AT: "The workers on the wall will stop doing the work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# strengthen my hands + +Here Nehemiah requests for God to strengthen him by asking him to strengthen his "hands." AT: "strengthen me" or "give me courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/10.md b/neh/06/10.md index 544cc14b74..7130761b9e 100644 --- a/neh/06/10.md +++ b/neh/06/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Shemaiah ... Delaiah ... Mehetabel -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# who was confined in his home -* **Shemaiah...Delaiah...Mehetabel** - These are men's names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Shemaiah** - one of the Jewish officials -* **confined in his home** - "a shut-in," someone who cannot leave his house because of weakness or illness. -* **Let us meet together in the house of God, inside the temple, and let us close the doors of the temple, for they are coming to kill you. At night they are coming to kill you** - It would appear to Nehemiah's followers that he was hiding in the temple, a sign of weakness. -* **Would a man like me run away? And would a man like me go into the temple just so I might live?** - The questions do not expect an answer, but are used for emphasis. AT: "A man like me would not run away. And a man like me would not go into the temple just to stay alive." (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The writer does not give the reason for him being confined, so it is best to say that he was staying at home using the most general words possible. AT: "who could not leave his house" or "whom the authorities had ordered to stay in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Would a man like me run away? Would a man like me go into the temple just so he could save his own life? + +Nehemiah uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he will not do what Shemaiah has suggested. These questions may be written as statements. AT: "A man like me would not run away. A man like me would not go into the temple just to hide to stay alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/12.md b/neh/06/12.md index a769ac0b54..861bf324e7 100644 --- a/neh/06/12.md +++ b/neh/06/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# but that he had prophesied against me -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"but that he had prophesied in order to oppose me" -## translationNotes +# and sin -* **I realized that it was not God who sent him, but that he had prophesied against me** - Here "I" refers to Nehemiah, and "him" refers to Shemaiah. AT: "I recognized that it was not God who sent Shemaiah because he had prophesied against me." (See: [[:en:bible:notes:neh:06:10]]) -* **Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him** - Shemaiah was paid by and under the control of Tobiah and Sanballat. -* **so that I might do what he said and sin** - AT: "so I might sin by misusing the temple" -* **and so they could give me a bad name in order to humiliate me** - "so they would have an account that they could use to discredit me" -* **Call to mind** - This phrase is ambiguous. It is unclear if Nehemiah is asking God to help him (Nehemiah) remember Tobiah and Sanballat or if Nehemiah is asking God to remember these men. AT: "Remember" -* **the prophetess Noadiah** - Here "Noadiah" is the name of a female (a prophetess), but the name can be male or female. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Using the temple as a place to hide was sinful. It may be helpful to make this explicit. AT: "and sin by misusing the temple" + +# a bad name + +This is an idiom. AT: "so that they could give me a bad reputation" or "so that they could give a bad report about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "Remember" + +# Noadiah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/15.md b/neh/06/15.md index bd0ef197c6..22d92c979c 100644 --- a/neh/06/15.md +++ b/neh/06/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So the wall was finished -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We finished the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the twenty-fifth day of the month of Elul -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **So the wall was finished** - This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "We finished the wall" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the twenty-fifth day** - fifth day** - "the 25th day" -* **the month Elul** - This month was in the summer and early fall. It was the 6th month [or moon] of the Jewish calendar. -* **fifty-two days** - two days** - "52 days" -* **they fell greatly in their own esteem** - "they thought much less of themselves" or "they lost confidence." +"the 25th day of the month of Elul." Elul is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# fifty-two days + +"52 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# they fell greatly in their own eyes + +"they thought much less of themselves" or "they lost confidence in themselves" + +# the work was done with the help of our God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it was our God who helped us complete this work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/17.md b/neh/06/17.md index d62db587a7..21752453f3 100644 --- a/neh/06/17.md +++ b/neh/06/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# sent many letters -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The nobles sent messengers to bring these letters to Tobiah. AT: "sent many messengers with letters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Tobiah's letters came -* **the nobles of Judah sent many letters to Tobiah, and Tobiah's letters came to them** - There was constant communication between the wealthy of Judah and the enemy of the Jews, Tobiah. -* **There were many in Judah who were bound by an oath to him** - "There were many people in Judah who owed allegiance to Tobiah" -* **he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah** - in-law of Shecaniah** - This means that Tobiah was married to the daughter of Shecaniah. -* **Tobiah...Shecaniah...Arah...Jehohanan...Meshullam...Berechiah** - These are the names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They also spoke to me about his good deeds and reported my words back to him** - "The Jewish nobles told me about Tobiah's good deeds and then told him about my responses." -* **Letters were sent to me from Tobiah to frighten me** - This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "Tobiah sent letters to me to scare me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to frighten me** - "to scare me." The continuing goal was to overcome Nehemiah using fear. +Here Tobiah's letters are personified as coming by themselves, when they were actually brought by messengers. AT: "Tobiah sent letters" or "Tobiah sent many messengers with letters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Tobiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Nehemiah 2:10](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who were bound by an oath to him + +This speaks of people being loyal to Tobiah because they had pledged an oath to him as if their oath were a rope that bound their bodies. AT: "who had sworn an oath to him" or "who had made an oath and were loyal to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah + +This means that Tobiah was married to the daughter of Shecaniah. See how you translated "Shecaniah" in [Nehemiah 3:29](../03/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Arah ... Jehohanan + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meshullam ... Berechiah + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:4](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They also spoke to me about his good deeds and reported my words back to him + +"The Jewish nobles told me about Tobiah's good deeds and then told him about my responses" + +# Letters were sent to me from Tobiah + +This can be stated in active form. Tobiah sent messengers to bring the letters to Nehemiah. AT: "Tobiah sent letters to me" or "Tobiah sent messengers to bring letters to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/intro.md b/neh/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a32691d92f --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Nehemiah 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The building of the wall is completed in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:6-7, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Miracle ##### + +Completing this city wall in only fifty-two days was considered proof that God had helped the Jews, especially given the opposition that they had experienced from the people in surrounding areas. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/01.md b/neh/07/01.md index db779f393d..d203cd0c61 100644 --- a/neh/07/01.md +++ b/neh/07/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# When the wall was finished -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When we had finished the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# I had set up the doors in place -* **When the wall was finished** - This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "When we had finished the wall" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the gatekeepers and singers and Levites were appointed** - This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "I chose the gatekeepers and singers and Levites" -* **gatekeeper** - A person placed at each gate, armed or supported by armed guards (depending on the size of the city) whose responsibility was to identify those entering that were not citizens of the city, register them and note their business there. They also closed and opened the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator. -* **singers** - This word refers to vocal musicians who led in worship, in processions, and ceremonies, producing music and chants that emphasized and enhanced the occasion. -* **Levites** - The priestly class of people established by God many centuries earlier and now restored by Nehemiah. -* **Hanani...Hananiah** - These are names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **I gave my brother Hanani charge** - "I selected my brother Hanani to be the manager" -* **who had oversight of the citadel** - "who was in charge of the citadel" -* **citadel** - a fortified place where weapons or active soldiers or both were housed. A second meaning may be all fortifications for the city. -* **for he was a faithful man** - "because he was a dependable man" or "because he performed his duty" -* **feared God more than many** - "was more obedient to God than many other people." Nehemiah is giving an accurate and clear reason why Hananiah was appointed. +This was done with help. AT: "I and others hung the doors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are: 1) Nehemiah appointed them. AT: "I assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks" or 2) Someone else appointed them. AT: "they assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gatekeepers + +people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator + +# singers + +vocal musicians who led in worship, in processions, and ceremonies, producing music and chants that emphasized and enhanced the occasion + +# Hanani ... Hananiah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I gave my brother Hanani charge + +"I gave the order for my brother Hanani to be the manager" + +# who had oversight of the fortress + +"who was in charge of the fortress" + +# feared God more than many + +"feared God more than many other people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/03.md b/neh/07/03.md index ac1e8463fc..c8a4b6533b 100644 --- a/neh/07/03.md +++ b/neh/07/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# I said to them -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +The word "them" refers to Hanani and Hananiah. -## translationNotes +# Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them -* **I said to them** - The word "them" refers to Nehemiah's brother, the manager of the city, and to Hananiah, who was responsible for the citadel. -* **the sun is hot** - "the sun is high in the sky" -* **While the gatekeepers are on guard** - "If the gatekeepers are guarding the gate." The meaning here is "if the gatekeepers are challenging those approaching." -* **gatekeepers** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/neh/07/01]] -* **you may shut the doors and bar them** - "you may close the gates and lock them" -* **Appoint guards from those who live in Jerusalem, some at the place of their guard station, and some in front of their own homes.** - These are the criteria for guards: those who live here and those whose homes are nearby. These people were not just hired but have a special interest in the security of that part of the city. -* **Now the city was wide and large, but there were few people within it, and no houses had yet been rebuilt** - The walled area was large but thinly populated, and people were still living in temporary shelters. -* **no houses had yet been rebuilt** - This may be an exaggeration to emphasize that the city was not in a finished state to house all the people. It is also a passive clause, which can be translated as an active clause. AT: "the people had not yet rebuilt many houses" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah or 2) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah with the help of the gatekeepers or 3) the gatekeepers did these actions under the direction of Hanani and Hananiah. + +# the sun is hot + +"the sun is high in the sky" + +# While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them + +"Shut the doors and bar them while the gatekeepers are still on guard" + +# gatekeepers + +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md) + +# shut the doors and bar them + +"close the gates and lock them" + +# Appoint guards from those who live in Jerusalem + +"Assign guards from those people who live in Jerusalem" + +# guard station + +"guard post" or "guard duty place" + +# no houses had yet been rebuilt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people had not yet rebuilt the houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/05.md b/neh/07/05.md index 980fb90456..9ec9097c59 100644 --- a/neh/07/05.md +++ b/neh/07/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# put into my heart -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Here Nehemiah's "heart" refers to his thoughts and will. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 2:12](../02/11.md). AT: "inspired me" or "led me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to enroll them -* **My God put into my heart** - Though God did not really put a thought into Nehemiah's physical heart, he caused Nehemiah to have this idea. AT: "My God made me think of an idea" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to enroll them** - "to list, register, and organize them" -* **book of the genealogy** - an official book of parents and births that was part of Hebrew culture -* **and found the following written in it** - This can be expressed as a new sentence. "The items that follow are what I found and selected from those records." +"to list and register them" + +# the book of the genealogy + +This was a book that no longer exists. + +# found the following written in it + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "found that someone had written the following in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/06.md b/neh/07/06.md index e7ea07b2e4..2a0501c3cd 100644 --- a/neh/07/06.md +++ b/neh/07/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# These are the people of the province -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:nebuchadnezzar]] -* [[en:tw:nehemiah]] +"These are the descendants of this region" -## translationNotes +# went up out of -* **These are the people of the province** - "These are the descendants of this region" -* **who went up** - "who returned" or "who came up" -* **whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon took into exile** - "whom Nebuchadnezzar, Ruler of Babylon took away from their home country" -* **Nebuchadnezzar ...Zerubbabel...Jeshua...Nehemiah...Azariah...Raamiah...Nahamani...Mordecai...Bilshan... -* These are the names of males. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). +"returned from" or "came back from" + +# went up + +This is an idiom that refers to traveling toward Jerusalem, which was on higher ground than the surrounding area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon took into exile + +"whom Nebuchadnezzar, ruler of Babylon, took away from their home country." The army of Babylon did this under the command of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Zerubbabel ... Jeshua ... Nehemiah ... Azariah ... Raamiah ... Nahamani ... Mordecai ... Bilshan ... Mispereth ... Bigvai ... Nehum ... Baanah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +# The number of the men + +A census had been taken when the Israelites first returned to Jerusalem after the exile. The numbers represent how many men belonged to each family group. This sentence introduces the information in the following verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/08.md b/neh/07/08.md index 5938a6a1ec..f27018a6c6 100644 --- a/neh/07/08.md +++ b/neh/07/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] +Nehemiah is recounting the number of people who returned from exile. The people were grouped by families according to the name of their patriarchs. The number represents the number of men in each family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Parosh ... Shephatiah ... Arah -* Nehemiah is recounting the number of people who returned from exile. The people were grouped by family according to the name of their patriarch. The number represents the number of males in each family. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the number of the men** - A census had been taken when the Israelites first returned to Jerusalem after the exile. The numbers represent how many men belonged to each family group. -* **Parosh...Shephatiah...Arah** - These are the names of the patriarch of each family group. Family groups would contain children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/11.md b/neh/07/11.md index cf4091f151..823b7dec2d 100644 --- a/neh/07/11.md +++ b/neh/07/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# through the descendants of Jeshua and Joab -* Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. The people were grouped by family according to the name of their patriarch. The number represents the number of males in each family. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Pahath Moab** - Pahath Moab is a place name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the descendants of Jeshua and Joab** - AT: "that is, the descendants of Jeshua and Joab" -* **Jeshua...Joab...Elam...Zattu...Zaccai** - These are the names of the patriarchs of each family group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"that is, the descendants of Jeshua and Joab" + +# Pahath-Moab ... Jeshua ... Joab ... Elam ... Zattu ... Zakkai + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/15.md b/neh/07/15.md index 84f1c4e8ae..e7a80a56ba 100644 --- a/neh/07/15.md +++ b/neh/07/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Binnui ... Bebai ... Azgad ... Adonikam -* 14]].) -* **Binnui...Bebai...Azgad...Adonikam** - These are the names of the patriarchs of each family group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/19.md b/neh/07/19.md index 344d39e701..1916099dfc 100644 --- a/neh/07/19.md +++ b/neh/07/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah|Hezekiah]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Bigvai ... Adin ... Ater ... Hashum -* 14]].) -* **Bigvai...Adin...Ater...Hashum** - These are the names of the patriarchs of each family group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The descendents of Ater, of Hezekiah** - AT: "the descendants of Ater, who is a descendant of Hezekiah" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The descendants of Ater, of Hezekiah + +The writer has shortened this sentence. AT: "the descendants of Ater, who is a descendant of Hezekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/23.md b/neh/07/23.md index d0636acf2e..e4e64918c0 100644 --- a/neh/07/23.md +++ b/neh/07/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem|Bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon]] -* [[en:tw:gibeon|Gibeon, Gibeonite]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Bezai ... Hariph ... Gibeon -* 14]].) -* **Bezai...Hariph...Gibeon** - These are the names of the patriarchs of each family group. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the men from** - AT: "the people from" -* **Bethlehem and Netophah** - These are the names of two villages in Judah. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bethlehem and Netophah + +These are the names of places in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/27.md b/neh/07/27.md index a6c3647569..e4d7e03e2a 100644 --- a/neh/07/27.md +++ b/neh/07/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Anathoth ... Beth Azmaveth ... Kiriath Jearim, Kephirah, and Beeroth ... Ramah and Geba -* 14]].) -* **The men from** - AT: "The people from" -* **Anathoth...Beth Azmaveth...Kiriath Jearim, Chephirah, and Beeroth...Ramah and Geba** - These are all place names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are all names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/31.md b/neh/07/31.md index 555ea494ec..5b0cde5c3e 100644 --- a/neh/07/31.md +++ b/neh/07/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:ai]] -* [[en:tw:ai|Ai]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethel|Bethel]] -* [[en:tw:elam]] -* [[en:tw:elam|Elam]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Michmas ... Bethel and Ai ... Nebo ... Elam -* 14]].) -* **The men from** - AT: "The people from" -* **Michmas...Bethel...Ai...Nebo...Elam** - These are all place names. See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are all names of places. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/35.md b/neh/07/35.md index 3ec9a9625e..f956eec52b 100644 --- a/neh/07/35.md +++ b/neh/07/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Harim ... Jericho ... Lod, Hadid, and Ono ... Senaah -* 14]].) -* **The men of** - AT: "The descendants of" -* **Harim...Jericho...Lod, Hadid...Ono...Senaah** - These are village names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are all names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/39.md b/neh/07/39.md index 64704da680..5e76cb7418 100644 --- a/neh/07/39.md +++ b/neh/07/39.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Jedaiah ... Jeshua ... Immer ... Pashhur ... Harim -* 14]].) -* **Jedaiah...Immer...Pashhur...Harim** - These are all male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# of the house of Jeshua + +The word "house" is a metonym for family. AT: "from the family of Jeshua" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/43.md b/neh/07/43.md index 53b225645a..e835b07fa2 100644 --- a/neh/07/43.md +++ b/neh/07/43.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Jeshua ... Kadmiel ... Binnui ... Hodevah ... Asaph ... Shallum ... Ater ... Talmon ... Akkub ... Hatita ... Shobai -* 14]].) -* **Jeshua...Kadmiel...Hodevah...Asaph...Shallum...Ater...Tlamon...Akkub...Hatita...Shobai** - These are all male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The singers** - AT: "The musicians" -* **gatekeepers** - These were individuals that guarded the gate of a village or city. If your language can translate "gatekeepers" then use that word. See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/neh/07/01]] +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# singers + +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md). + +# gatekeepers + +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/46.md b/neh/07/46.md index 00dc44eaba..6e52f5713e 100644 --- a/neh/07/46.md +++ b/neh/07/46.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] +These verses continue the names of people whose descendants returned from the exile. -## translationNotes +# Ziha ... Hasupha ... Tabbaoth ... Keros ... Sia ... Padon ... Lebana, ... Hagaba ... Shalmai ... Hanan ... Giddel ... Gahar -* **Sia** - This is the same man known by the name Siaha in Ez. 2:44. -* **Ziha…Hasupha…Tabbaoth…Keros…Sia…Padon…Lebana,…Hagaba…Shalmai…Hana…Giddel…Gahar** - These are male names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +# Sia + +This is the same man known by the name Siaha in Ezra 2:44. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/50.md b/neh/07/50.md index ef1d888c31..0172feb36e 100644 --- a/neh/07/50.md +++ b/neh/07/50.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +These verses continue the names of people whose descendants returned from the exile. -## translationNotes +# Reaiah ... Rezin ... Nekoda ... Gazzam ... Uzza ... Paseah ... Besai ... Meunim ... Nephushesim -* **Reaiah...Rezin...Nekoda...Gazzam...Uzza...Paseah...Besai...Meunim...Nephushesim** - These are names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/53.md b/neh/07/53.md index 8a2ea757b5..f87c542cf1 100644 --- a/neh/07/53.md +++ b/neh/07/53.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +These verses continue the names of people whose descendants returned from the exile. -## translationNotes +# Bakbuk ... Hakupha ... Harhur ... Bazluth ... Mehida ... Harsha ... Barkos ... Sisera ... Temah ... Neziah ... Hatipha -* **Bakbuk....Hakupha...Harhur...Bazlith...Mehida...Harsha...Barkos...Sisera...Temah...Neziah...Hatipha.** - These are male names (See: [[en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames]]) -* **Bazlith** - This is the name of a man who is also called Bazluth in Ez. 2:52. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/57.md b/neh/07/57.md index 99649b6fb0..78e0e3ff0a 100644 --- a/neh/07/57.md +++ b/neh/07/57.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Sotai ... Sophereth ... Perida ... Jaala ... Darkon ... Giddel ... Shephatiah ... Hattil ... Pochereth Hazzebaim ... Amon -* 14]].) -* **Solomon...Sotai...Sophereth...Perida...Jaala...Darkon...Giddel...Shephatiah...Hattil...Pochereth Hazzebaim...Amon.** - These are male names. (See: [[en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames]]) -* **Sophereth** - This is the name of a man who is called Hassophereth in Ez. 2:55. -* **Perida** - This is the name of a man who is also called Peruda in Ez. 2:55. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sophereth + +This is the name of a man who is called Hassophereth in Ezra 2:55. + +# Perida + +This is the name of a man who is also called Peruda in Ezra 2:55. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/61.md b/neh/07/61.md index 350eb48d4b..0131d4426f 100644 --- a/neh/07/61.md +++ b/neh/07/61.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# went up -* 14]].) -* **Telmelah…Telharsha…Cherub…Addon…Immer…Israel** - These are place names. (See: [[:en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames]]) -* **Delaiah, Tobiah and Nekoda, Hobaiah, Hakkoz, Barzillai** - These are male names. (See: [[:en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames]]) -* **And of the priests** - AT: "And from the priests" -* **Gileadite** - This word designates a person who came from Gilead, a mountainous region east of the Jordan River, where the Israelite tribes of Gad, Reuben, and Manasseh lived. (See: [[:en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames]]) +This is an idiom that refers to traveling toward Jerusalem, which was on higher ground than the surrounding area. AT: "returned" or "came back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Tel Melah ... Tel Harsha ... Kerub ... Addon ... Immer + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Delaiah ... Tobiah ... Nekoda ... Habaiah ... Hakkoz ... Barzillai + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/64.md b/neh/07/64.md index 312737b424..fe5c40d43d 100644 --- a/neh/07/64.md +++ b/neh/07/64.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# These sought their records among those enrolled by their genealogy -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +"They sought their written genealogical records" or "They searched their written genealogical records" -## translationNotes +# These sought -* **These sought their records among those enrolled by their genealogy** - AT: "They sought their written genealogical records" or "They searched their written genealogical records." -* **These sought** - "These" refers to the descendants of Hobaiah, Hakkoz and Barzillai. (See: [[en:bible:notes:neh:07:61]]) -* **but they could not be found** - AT: "but they could not find the records" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **so they were excluded from the priesthood as unclean** - "so the governor excluded them from the priesthood as unqualified." (see: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **until there rose up a priest with Urim and Thummim** - "until there arose a priest skilled with the priestly marked stones used to discern God's selection." +"These" refers to the descendants of Hobaiah, Hakkoz and Barzillai. (See: [Nehemiah 7:63](./61.md)) + +# but they could not be found + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "but they could not find their records" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they were excluded from the priesthood as unclean + +This can be translated in active form. The abstract noun "priesthood" can be translated as the verb "work as priests." AT: "the governor treated them as if they were unclean and did not allow them to work as priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# until there rose up a priest with Urim and Thummim + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until a priest with Urim and Thummim approved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Urim and Thummim + +These were sacred stones that the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine God's will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/66.md b/neh/07/66.md index c06e7d551f..4a58b2de3f 100644 --- a/neh/07/66.md +++ b/neh/07/66.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# The whole assembly together -* 14]].) -* **The whole assembly together** - "The entire congregation together" The word "congregation" would be a good choice to reflect the nature of the community. -* **singing men and women** - "male singers and female singers" The sentence structure imitates "their male servants and their female servants" just before it. +"The whole group together" + +# was 42,360 + +"was 42,360 people" + +# singing men and women + +"male singers and female singers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/68.md b/neh/07/68.md index f3423a8db4..248d63af29 100644 --- a/neh/07/68.md +++ b/neh/07/68.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# 736 ... 245 ... 435 ... 6,720 -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] - -## translationNotes - -* 14]].) +"seven hundred and thirty-six ... two hundred and forty-five ... four hundred and thirty-five ... six thousand seven hundred and twenty." These are numbers of animals brought back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/70.md b/neh/07/70.md index 86e26935fb..ba3e34e8b8 100644 --- a/neh/07/70.md +++ b/neh/07/70.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# the heads of ancestors' families -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"the chief patriarchs" or "the leaders of the clans" -## translationNotes +# gave to the treasury -* 14]].) -* **darics of gold** - A "daric" was a small gold coin used by the Persian Empire. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **the heads of ancestors' families** - AT "heads of the clans" or "heads of the families" -* **basins** - "large bowls" -* **garments** - "items of clothing" -* **minas of silver** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +"put into the treasury" + +# one thousand darics + +"1,000 darics" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# darics of gold + +A daric was a small gold coin that people in the Persian Empire used. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# 50 basins + +"fifty basins." These are large bowls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 530 priestly garments + +"five hundred thirty priestly garments." These are items of clothing worn by the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twenty thousand darics + +"20,000 darics" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 2,200 minas of silver + +"two thousand two hundred minas of silver." A mina is about one half of a kilogram in weight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# silver + +a shiny, gray precious metal used to make coins, jewelry, containers, and ornaments + +# two thousand minas + +"2,000 minas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sixty-seven priestly garments + +"67 priestly garments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/73.md b/neh/07/73.md index 1de48c856c..5f7a3630a6 100644 --- a/neh/07/73.md +++ b/neh/07/73.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# gatekeepers -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# singers -* **gatekeepers** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/neh/07/01]] -* **the seventh month** - This refers to the seventh month of the Jewish year, which was September-October. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md). + +# some of the people + +The implied information is that this refers to some of the Israelites who were not priests or other temple workers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all Israel + +Possible meanings are: 1) all the groups of Israelites that are listed in this verse or 2) the rest of the Israelites who did not work in the temple. + +# the seventh month + +"month 7." This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# were settled in their cities + +"lived in their own cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/intro.md b/neh/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b2f7559770 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Nehemiah 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Genealogy ##### + +The people who returned from Persia were counted according to their families. Nehemiah ensured that those who lived in Jerusalem had a completely Jewish ancestry. + +##### Different lists ##### +This list is paralleled in [Esra Ezra 2](../../ezr/02/01.md). The lists do contain some differences in numbers. This is probably due to the timing of their counting. They were likely counted at different times. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/01.md b/neh/08/01.md index d5df31f5e2..6d0abe2599 100644 --- a/neh/08/01.md +++ b/neh/08/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# All the people gathered as one man -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "all" is a generalization that indicates the people as a whole came together. AT: "The people gathered all together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# Water Gate -* **And all the people gathered themselves for one purpose** - AT: "The entire population gathered as one man" or "All the people gathered as one people." -* **On the first day of the seventh month** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **all who could hear and understand** - This is likely a different/additional category of people than the Jewish Assembly in the previous sentence. +This was the name of a large opening or doorway in the wall. + +# the book of the law of Moses + +This would have been all or part of the first five books of the Old Testament. + +# On the first day of the seventh month + +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day of the seventh month is near the middle of September on Western calendars. AT: "On day 1 of month 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# brought the law + +"brought The Book of the Law" + +# all who could hear and understand + +This would include children who were old enough to understand what was being read. + +# He faced the open area + +"He turned towards the open area" + +# he read from it + +Here "it" refers to the Book of the Law of Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/04.md b/neh/08/04.md index 661d33237f..7960fa7f45 100644 --- a/neh/08/04.md +++ b/neh/08/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah ... Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people -* **Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah...Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam** - These are all male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **when he opened it all the people stood up** - The text is very clear that the opening of the book was the cue to stand. +The abstract noun "sight" can be expressed with the verb "see." AT: "Everyone saw Ezra open the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the book + +"The Book of the Law" + +# he was standing above the people + +"he was standing higher than the people" + +# when he opened it all the people stood up + +The people stood up out of respect for God's word. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/06.md b/neh/08/06.md index db315d3cf5..b905c81aa6 100644 --- a/neh/08/06.md +++ b/neh/08/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Ezra gave thanks to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The abstract noun "thanks" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Ezra thanked Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah -* **Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah** - These are all male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **And they read in the book, in the law of God, making it clear with interpretation and giving the meaning so they understood the reading.** - The sole purpose of the people was met in a very personal way. Levites answered questions and gave clarifying comments. +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They read in the book + +The word "They" here refers to the Levites. + +# making it clear with interpretation and giving the meaning + +The abstract nouns "interpretation" and "meaning" can be translated as verbs. AT: "clearly interpreting and explaining it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the reading + +"what was read" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/09.md b/neh/08/09.md index 258c01a08f..cd0b9cf8e6 100644 --- a/neh/08/09.md +++ b/neh/08/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For all the people wept -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:nehemiah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a generalization that indicates there was great weeping among the people. AT: "For the people wept greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# eat the fat and have something sweet to drink +The implied information is that the people were told to feast on rich food and sweet drinks. AT: "eat rich food and drink something sweet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do not be grieved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the joy of Yahweh is your strength + +The abstract nouns "joy" and "strength" can be expressed as verbs or adjectives. AT: "rejoicing in Yahweh will protect you" or "being joyful in Yahweh will be your strong refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/11.md b/neh/08/11.md index b038fd767f..ffd4847bca 100644 --- a/neh/08/11.md +++ b/neh/08/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hush! -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Be quiet!" or "Be silent!" -## translationNotes +# Do not be grieved -* **Hush!** - "Be quiet!" or "Do not make a sound!" -* **for this day is holy** - "for this day is set apart for God" -* **and to celebrate with great joy** - "and to rejoice with great happiness" -* **they had understood the words that were made known to them** - This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "they had understood the words that the priest had explained to them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# celebrate with great joy + +The abstract noun "joy" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "rejoice greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the words that were made known to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the words that he declared to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/13.md b/neh/08/13.md index 3177782e2f..d09dd5a6e5 100644 --- a/neh/08/13.md +++ b/neh/08/13.md @@ -1,32 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# On the second day -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"On day 2" or "On the next day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# to gain insight from -* **On the second day** - "On day two" or "On the next day" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **to gain insight from** - "to understand" -* **how Yahweh had commanded through Moses that the people of Israel should live in tents during the feast of the seventh month** - The reason for the Israelites living in the tents can be made explicit. AT: "how Yahweh had ordered Moses to command the people of Israel to live in temporary shelters that entire month, to remember that their ancestors lived in shelters when they walked in the wilderness" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the seventh month** - "the 7th month" -* **They should make a proclamation** - "They should announce" -* **myrtle** - a type of tree with dark leaves and white flowers used for perfume. It was a symbol of peace and happiness. -* **shade trees** - "trees with lots of thick leaves" -* **to make temporary shelters** - "to make tents which will last just for this festival" -* **as it is written** - This passive phrase can be translated as an active phrase. AT: "as Moses wrote about this" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "insight" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# should live in shelters + +These were temporary shelters that people made out of branches and leaves. + +# the seventh month + +"month 7." This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# They should make a proclamation + +"They should announce" + +# myrtle + +a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# shade trees + +"leafy trees" + +# as it is written + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "as Moses wrote about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/16.md b/neh/08/16.md index 36e8b8fb53..0e12dbce38 100644 --- a/neh/08/16.md +++ b/neh/08/16.md @@ -1,35 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# made themselves shelters -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +"each built their own shelters" -## translationNotes +# Water Gate ... Gate of Ephraim -* **in the open place by the Water Gate** - "in the square by the Water Gate" -* **in the square at the Gate of Ephraim** - "in the open place at the Gate of Ephraim" -* **Water Gate, Gate of Ephraim** - These are the names of entranceways in the wall (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jeshua...Nun** - These are names of males. "Jeshua" can be translated as "Joshua." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **And the joy was very great** - "And the people were very happy" +These are names of large openings or doorways in the wall. + +# in the square at the Gate of Ephraim + +"in the open place by the Gate of Ephraim" + +# For since the days of Joshua + +"From the days of Joshua" + +# son of Nun + +"Nun" is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# their joy was very great + +The abstract noun "joy" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "the people were very joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/18.md b/neh/08/18.md index c4342b5ef7..ff719fe4b7 100644 --- a/neh/08/18.md +++ b/neh/08/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# day by day -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +This idiom means "each day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# from the first day to the last -* **on the eighth day was a solemn assembly** - "on the eighth day they called the people together" -* **the eighth day** - "the 8th day" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **in obedience to the decree** - "as God had commanded" +The implied information is that it was during the entire week of the festival. AT: "from the first day to the last day of the week" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They kept the festival + +"They made a feast" or "They celebrated the festival" + +# on the eighth day + +"on day 8" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# solemn assembly + +This was a special religious gathering. + +# in obedience to the decree + +The implied information is that "the decree" was the command of Yahweh about how the Festival of Shelters was to end. AT: "as God had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/intro.md b/neh/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23529c77f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Nehemiah 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Reading of the Law ##### + +During the exile, the Hebrew language was no longer spoken. Only the priests and Levites still understood it. Ezra read the book of the law to the people in Hebrew and the Levites walked among the crowd translating it into Aramaic for the people to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Festival of Shelters ##### + +After they heard Ezra read the Law of Moses, the people obeyed it by making temporary shelters for themselves with tree branches. They did this to remember that their ancestors slept in shelters when they came out of slavery in Egypt. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/01.md b/neh/09/01.md index a61aab61ea..f2c0b70ec5 100644 --- a/neh/09/01.md +++ b/neh/09/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the twenty-fourth day of the same month -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"the twenty-fourth day of the seventh month" This is near the middle of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the people of Israel were assembled -* **the twenty-fourth day** - fourth day** - "the 24th day" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the people of Israel were assembled** - "the people of Israel came together" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they were wearing sackcloth, and they put dust on their heads** - This was in order to show how sorry they were for the wrong things they and their ancestors had done. -* **The descendants of Israel** - "the sons and daughters of Israel" or "the Israelites" -* **separated themselves apart from all the foreigners** - "stood apart from those who were not sons and daughters of Israel" -* **They stood and confessed their own sins and the evil actions of their ancestors** - "They admitted the wrong things that they had done and also the wrong things their forefathers had done" +"the people of Israel came together" + +# they were wearing sackcloth, and they put dust on their heads + +This was in order to show how sorry they were for the wrong things they and their ancestors had done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The descendants of Israel + +"The Israelites" + +# separated themselves from all the foreigners + +"no longer had anything to do with those who were not Israelites" + +# They stood and confessed their own sins and the evil actions of their ancestors + +"They admitted the wrong things that they had done and also the wrong things their forefathers had done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/03.md b/neh/09/03.md index 3115b6601b..322a13e7b5 100644 --- a/neh/09/03.md +++ b/neh/09/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They stood up -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +All the Israelites stood up -## translationNotes +# they were confessing -* **They stood up in their places** - The pronoun "they" here refers to all the Israelites. -* **they were confessing** - "they were admitting the wrong things they had done" -* **and bowing down before** - "and worshipping" or "and praising" -* **Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenan** - These are the names of males who were the Levites (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The Levites, Jeshua, Bani...stood on the stairs** - AT: "Jeshua, Bani...stood on the stairs built for the Levites" -* **they called out** - The pronoun "they" here refers to the Levites - Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenan. +"they were admitting the wrong things they had done" + +# bowing down before + +"worshiping" or "praising" + +# The Levites, Jeshua, Bani ... stood on the stairs + +Some versions translate, "Jeshua, Bani ... stood on the stairs built for the Levites" + +# Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Kenani + +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/05.md b/neh/09/05.md index ae082961af..8e2ed3228d 100644 --- a/neh/09/05.md +++ b/neh/09/05.md @@ -1,40 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the Levites ... said, "Stand up ... ever." -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here the Levites are speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# give praise to Yahweh -* **Then the Levites...said, 'Stand up'** - Here the Levites are speaking to the people of Israel. -* **give praise to Yahweh** - "bless Yahweh" -* **Jeshua, and Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabneiah, Sherebiah, Hodiah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah** - These are names of people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **forever and ever** - This is an emphatic way of saying "for eternity" or "for all time." Israel is encouraged to praise Yahweh even after time ends. Here two words joined by "and" express a single idea. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **May they bless your glorious name** - Here the Levites are speaking to Yahweh. The word "they" refers to the people of Israel, and "your" refers to Yahweh. -* **You made the sky** - "You created the sky" -* **heaven, the highest heavens** - This is an emphatic way of saying "the entire universe" or "the sky and everything beyond it." -* **with all their angels arrayed for war** - This expression could refer to all the stars in the heavens or to the angels. It refers to everything in the universe. AT : "with all their host," or "with all their multitudes," or "everything in the heavens" -* **the angel armies of heaven** - AT: "the host of heaven" or "the multitudes of heaven." This could refer to the stars and planets or to the angels. +"bless Yahweh" + +# Jeshua ... Kadmiel ... Bani ... Sherebiah ... Shebaniah + +men's names. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 9:3-4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hashabneiah ... Hodiah ... Pethahiah + +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# May they bless your glorious name + +the Levites are speaking to Yahweh. "May the people of Judah bless your glorious name, Yahweh" + +# the highest heavens, with all their host ... the host of heaven worship you + +A host is an army. The "host of heaven" speaks in a metaphor of the many stars as if they were an army. The stars in turn are a metaphor for the many angels. The stars worshiping Yahweh is a metaphor for the angels worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/07.md b/neh/09/07.md index e5f05a0495..4d430370b6 100644 --- a/neh/09/07.md +++ b/neh/09/07.md @@ -1,48 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:abraham|Abraham, Abram]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans]] -* [[en:tw:chaldeans|Chaldea, Chaldean]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:hittite|Hittite]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites|Jebusite]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:perizzite|Perizzite]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:ur]] -* [[en:tw:ur|Ur]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The Levites continue their prayer before all the people. -## translationNotes +# Ur of the Chaldees -* The Levites continue their prayer before all the people. -* **brought him out of Ur of the Chaldees** - The implied information is that God brought Abram to the Promised Land, later named Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **gave him the name Abraham** - As part of his covenant with Abram, God gave him a new identity. Here the meaning of the names Abram and Abraham is important. AT: "changed his name to Abraham." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **You found his heart was faithful** - Here "his heart" (part of a person) represents Abraham as a person. AT: "You saw that he was faithful." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **before you** - "in your sight" or "in your presence" -* **the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, and the Girgashites** - These are people groups who are descended from the same ancestor and share a common language and culture. (See: [[en:obe:other:peoplegroup]]) -* **You have kept your promise** - "Your words are righteous" +"Ur, where the Chaldean people group lived" + +# You found his heart was faithful before you + +The heart, the inner being of the person, represents the person. AT: "You saw that he was completely faithful to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Canaanites ... Hittites ... Amorites ... Perizzites ... Jebusites ... Girgashites + +people group names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/09.md b/neh/09/09.md index 0cff2b2f68..db2b9ab794 100644 --- a/neh/09/09.md +++ b/neh/09/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle|miracle, wonder, sign]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:redsea|Red Sea, Sea of Reeds]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You saw -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **You saw the affliction** - Here "you" refers to God. -* **You heard their cry** - The implied information is that God was moved to action because of the Israelites' cries for help. (See: [[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]])) -* **signs and wonders against Pharaoh** - The plagues tested Pharaoh's heart, and they became a witness against his hardness of heart. AT: "signs and wonders that testified against Pharaoh" or "signs and wonders that condemned Pharaoh" -* **all the people of his land** - "all the Egyptians" -* **acted with arrogance against them** - "were arrogant toward the Israelites" or "mistreated God's chosen people" -* **you made a name for yourself** - This is another way of saying "you showed the world your character" or "you demonstrated your power." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **which stands to this day** - "which people still remember" or "which endures even now" +Yahweh saw + +# you heard their cry + +The implied information is that God was moved to action because of the Israelites' cries for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# signs and wonders against Pharaoh + +The plagues tested Pharaoh's heart, and they became a witness against his hardness of heart. AT: "signs and wonders that testified against Pharaoh" or "signs and wonders that condemned Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the people of his land + +"all the Egyptians" + +# acted with arrogance against them + +"were arrogant toward the Israelites" or "mistreated God's chosen people" + +# you made a name for yourself which stands to this day + +Here "name" represents a reputation. AT: "you made yourself famous and even now people still remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/11.md b/neh/09/11.md index 89cd6514ca..aaec50c70d 100644 --- a/neh/09/11.md +++ b/neh/09/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:stone|stone, stoning]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you divided the sea -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **And you divided the sea** - Here "you" refers to God. The Levites are telling the story of the Exodus from Egypt. (See: [[en:bible:notes:exo:14:21]]) -* **divided** - "ripped open" or "split open" -* **you...threw those who pursued them into the depths, as a stone into deep waters** - In this simile, the writer describes God throwing the Egyptians into the sea as a person would throw a stone into water. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +God divided + +# you ... threw those who pursued them into the depths, as a stone into deep waters + +In this simile, the writer describes God throwing the Egyptians into the sea as easily as a person would throw a stone into water, and the stone would disappear under the water completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/12.md b/neh/09/12.md index 87f309f1a1..66ad8580ad 100644 --- a/neh/09/12.md +++ b/neh/09/12.md @@ -1,36 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:sinai|Sinai, Mount Sinai]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You led them -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **you led them** - Here "you" refers to Yahweh, and "them" refers to the Israelites. -* **to light up the way for them so they could walk in its light** - AT: "to light up the way they should go" -* **you came down** - When God talks with his people, he is often described as "coming down" or "coming down from heaven." This is a descriptive way of saying that God appeared to that person. AT: "you appeared" or "you came down from heaven" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **righteous decrees and true laws, good statutes and commandments** - Both of these double phrases describe the same thing: God's Law or The Ten Commandments. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Yahweh led the Israelites. + +# you came down + +When God talks with his people, he is often described as "coming down" or "coming down from heaven." This is a descriptive way of saying that God appeared to that person. AT: "you appeared" or "you came down from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# righteous decrees and true laws, good statutes and commandments + +Both of these double phrases describe the same thing, the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/14.md b/neh/09/14.md index 70774e861f..a2a34722f9 100644 --- a/neh/09/14.md +++ b/neh/09/14.md @@ -1,32 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# commandments ... statutes ... law -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **commandments and statutes and a law** - Three words are used for emphasis to describe the same thing: God's Law or The Ten Commandments. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **to go in to possess the land** - "to enter the land of Israel" or "to enter the Promised Land" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Each of these three words refers to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/16.md b/neh/09/16.md index 8d9c59208b..47d2dc3963 100644 --- a/neh/09/16.md +++ b/neh/09/16.md @@ -1,33 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle|miracle, wonder, sign]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# they and our ancestors -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **But they and our ancestors** - Here "they" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses, and "our" refers to the people of Israel. -* **they were stubborn...became stubborn** - The literal statement is "they hardened their necks" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the wonders that you had done among them** - "the miracles that you had done among them" -* **they appointed a leader to return to their slavery** - "They appointed a leader to take them back to their slavery." After the Exodus from Egypt, the Israelites talked about appointing such a leader. (See: [[en:bible:notes:num:14:04]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **who is full of forgiveness** - "who is ready to forgive" +the Israelites at the time of Moses and the people of Israel after the time of Moses + +# they were stubborn ... became stubborn + +The literal statement is "they hardened their necks." If your language has a different idiom for being stubborn, you may want to use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the wonders that you had done among them + +"the miracles that you had done among them" + +# they appointed a leader to return to their slavery + +The Israelites would know that this referred to their ancestors wanting to return to Egypt. AT: "they appointed a leader to take them back to Egypt where they had been slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who is full of forgiveness + +The desire to forgive is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could fill a container. AT: "who is ready to forgive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# abounding in steadfast love + +Love is spoken of as if it were a food crop that Yahweh could share with people. AT: "loves his people very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/18.md b/neh/09/18.md index ffa6939a5a..2ae52175ec 100644 --- a/neh/09/18.md +++ b/neh/09/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy|blasphemy, blaspheme]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you ... did not abandon them -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **You did not abandon them even when they cast a calf out of molten metal and said, 'This is your God who brought you up out of Egypt,' while they committed great blasphemies. You, in your compassion, did not abandon them in the wilderness** - "Even when they made a calf out of molten metal and said, 'This is your God who brought you up out of Egypt,' and committed great blasphemies, you in your great mercies did not abandon them in the wilderness." -* **You did not abandon them** - Here "you" refers to Yahweh, and "them" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses. -* **cast a calf out of molten metal** - "molded a calf out of melted metal" -* **The pillar of cloud...the pillar of fire** - See [[en:bible:notes:neh:09:12]] -* **the road** - "the path" or "the way" +Yahweh did not abandon the Israelites. + +# cast a calf out of molten metal + +melted metal and molded it in the shape of a calf + +# The pillar of cloud ... the pillar of fire + +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 09:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/20.md b/neh/09/20.md index 6a15e36d64..deccc9e4c8 100644 --- a/neh/09/20.md +++ b/neh/09/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:clothed|clothe, clothed]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:manna]] -* [[en:tw:manna|manna]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Your good Spirit ... your manna ... water -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **You gave your good Spirit to instruct them** - Here "you" and "your" refer to Yahweh, and "them" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses. -* **and your manna you did not withhold from their mouths** - "and you did not withhold your manna from their mouths" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_order]]) -* **instruct** - "teach" +The writer changes the usual word order to emphasize the good things Yahweh gave his people. Your language may have another way of emphasizing these items. + +# instruct + +"teach" + +# your manna you did not withhold from their mouths + +This litotes can be expressed positively. AT: "you generously gave them manna" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# from their mouths + +The mouth is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/22.md b/neh/09/22.md index c109191aba..a2e711f08a 100644 --- a/neh/09/22.md +++ b/neh/09/22.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You gave them kingdoms -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **You gave them kingdoms** - Here "you" refers to Yahweh, and "them" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses. -* **you assigned them land in every distant corner** - "you gave them possession of land in every corner" -* **Sihon...Og** - These are the names of kings. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Heshbon...Bashan** - These are names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Yahweh gave the Israelites kingdoms. + +# gave them kingdoms and peoples + +"enabled them to conquer kingdoms and peoples" + +# assigning to them every corner of the land + +"enabling them to possess every part of the land" + +# Sihon ... Og + +These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heshbon ... Bashan + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/23.md b/neh/09/23.md index 928b0327c0..a42ea8ba59 100644 --- a/neh/09/23.md +++ b/neh/09/23.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# You made their children -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **You made their children as numerous as the stars of heaven** - "You multiplied their children as the stars of heaven" -* **You made their** - Here "you" refers to Yahweh, and "their" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses. -* **you brought them into the land. You told their ancestors to go in and possess it** - "you brought them into the land that you told their ancestors to enter and possess" -* **You gave them into their hands, with their kings and the peoples of the land** - Here "them" refers to the Canaanites, and "their" refers to the Israelites. "You handed the Canaanite kings and their people over to them" +Yahweh made the descendants of the Israelites at the time of Moses + +# gave them into their hands + +The Canaanites are spoken of as if they were small objects that a person could place in the hand of another person. To give something into a person's hand is to give that person complete control over that thing. AT: "enabled the Israelites to have complete control over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/25.md b/neh/09/25.md index 3323556a18..dc1b00317d 100644 --- a/neh/09/25.md +++ b/neh/09/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:olive|olive]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# They captured -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **They captured** - Here "they" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses. -* **a productive land** - "a fertile land" -* **oliveyards** - "olive orchards" -* **they ate and were filled and were satisfied** - "they ate and they were satisfied, and they grew fat" -* **grew fat** - This is an idiom for "they prospered." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The Israelites at the time of Moses captured + +# a productive land + +"a fertile land" + +# cisterns + +holes in the ground where people store water + +# grew fat + +This might be a metaphor for "stopped thinking about Yahweh" or "became complacent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/26.md b/neh/09/26.md index 4ab1a0264a..4aa63eb3e4 100644 --- a/neh/09/26.md +++ b/neh/09/26.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# They threw your law behind their backs -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **they threw your law behind their backs** - This is a Hebrew idiom meaning "they disregarded your law" or "they paid no attention to your law." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they threw your law** - The word "they" refers to the Israelites, and "your" refers to Yahweh. -* **you handed them over into** - This is an idiom meaning "placed them under the control of" -* **the hand of their enemies** - Here the word "hand" (a part) signifies the "enemies" (as a whole). AT: "their enemies" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **and many times you rescued them out of the hand of their enemies because of your great mercies** - "and because of your great mercies, you rescued them from out of the hand of their enemies" +The law is spoken of as if it were a worthless item that a person could throw away. AT: "They considered your law worthless and paid no attention to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They threw your law + +The Israelites threw Yahweh's law. + +# you gave them into the hand of their enemies, who made them suffer + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "you allowed their enemies to defeat them and cause them to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you sent them rescuers who rescued them out of the hand of their enemies + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "you sent people to stop their enemies from harming them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/28.md b/neh/09/28.md index 85f050bff2..fd1d045a21 100644 --- a/neh/09/28.md +++ b/neh/09/28.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:ordinance]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# they had rest, they did evil again before you -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **after they had rest, they did evil before you** - Here "they" refers to the Israelites and "you" to Yahweh. -* **you abandoned them to the hand of their enemies** - Here the word "hand" (a part) signifies the "enemies" (as a whole). AT: "you abandoned them to their enemies" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **so their enemies ruled over them** - "so their enemies subdued them" -* **did not listen to your commands** - "did not obey your commands" -* **your decrees which give life** - The decrees do not give life but obeying the decrees causes God to bless the obedient person. -* **They did not obey them** - Here "them" refers to Yahweh's decrees. -* **but they paid them no attention** - The word "them" refers to Yahweh's decrees. "but they turned their backs and stiffened their necks" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and they refused even to listen to them** - "and refused to obey." +Here "they" refers to the Israelites and "you" to Yahweh. + +# you abandoned them to the hand of their enemies + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "you abandoned them and allow their enemies to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# did not listen to your commands + +If your language has a word for "listen" that also means "obey," use it here. + +# your decrees which give life to anyone who obeys them + +Yahweh himself is spoken of as if he were the decrees themselves. AT: "you even though you give life to everyone who obeys your decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They gave the stubborn shoulder-blade and stiffened their neck + +These are images of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. Here they are a metaphor that represents the people being stubborn. AT: "They became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/30.md b/neh/09/30.md index 95061cd36f..9bda1e80d4 100644 --- a/neh/09/30.md +++ b/neh/09/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# you gave them into the hand of the neighboring peoples -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **you handed them over to** - This is an idiom meaning "placed them under the control of" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you handed** - Here "you" refers to Yahweh. -* **you did not make a complete end of them, or forsake them** - This is a figure of speech where two phrases say the same thing. The meaning is: "You did not abandon them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "hand" represents power or control. See how you translated these words in [Nehemiah 9:27](./26.md). AT: "you allowed the neighboring peoples to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you gave + +Yahweh gave + +# you did not make a complete end of them + +"you did not destroy them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/32.md b/neh/09/32.md index 44ae3edd07..e597dc83cf 100644 --- a/neh/09/32.md +++ b/neh/09/32.md @@ -1,26 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:admonish]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# do not let all this hardship seem little to you that has come on us ... until today -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the awesome God, who keeps his covenant and steadfast love** - "Now, therefore, our God, you are great, mighty, and awesome, and you keep your covenant and steadfast love." -* **do not let all this hardship seem little to you that has come upon us...until today** - Two new sentences should appear here. "Do not let all this hardship seem little to you. The hardship has come upon us...until today." -* **you are just in everything that has come on us** - AT: "you are just in sending us hardships" -* **and we have acted wickedly** - "but we have acted wickedly" +It is possible to divide this into two sentences. "Do not let all this hardship seem little to you. The hardship has come upon us ... until today" + +# hardship ... has come on us ... everything that has come on us + +The phrase "come on us" speaks of bad things that happen as if they are people who cause harm. AT: "harm ... we have suffered ... everything we have suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/35.md b/neh/09/35.md index 8c9a2389e6..34bc7c2c44 100644 --- a/neh/09/35.md +++ b/neh/09/35.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# while they enjoyed your great goodness to them -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **while they enjoyed your great goodness** - "while they enjoyed the richness of life you provided" -* **they did not serve you** - "they were not obedient to your law or teaching" +"while they enjoyed the good things you gave them" + +# they did not serve you + +"they were not obedient to your law or teaching" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/36.md b/neh/09/36.md index 1b30cb52df..9698224583 100644 --- a/neh/09/36.md +++ b/neh/09/36.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# its good gifts -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **to enjoy, its fruit and its good gifts** - "to enjoy its fruit and its goodness" -* **The rich yield from our land goes to the kings** - AT: "We pay tribute to kings for working our own land" -* **They rule over our bodies and over our livestock as they please** - "They" refers to the kings. +"all the good things in it" or "all the good things we can get from it" + +# The rich yield from our land goes to the kings + +"We pay tribute to kings for working our own land" + +# They rule + +The kings rule. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/38.md b/neh/09/38.md index 2f3ce48817..371e633c4e 100644 --- a/neh/09/38.md +++ b/neh/09/38.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] +In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# Because of all this -* In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -* **Because of all this** - "This" refers to the Levites' account of Israel's disobedience and Yahweh's punishment given in the prior chapter. -* **firm covenant in writing, on the sealed document** - "firm covenant in writing. On the sealed document" +because the people had disobeyed and Yahweh had punished them + +# On the sealed document are the names + +The reader should understand that the men wrote their names on the document before it was sealed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/intro.md b/neh/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee90437468 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Nehemiah 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter and the next one form a single section. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prayer to God ##### + +The people prayed and thanked God for his care for them and the blessings he gave to them. They also confessed their sin of disobeying him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Learning from their ancestor's mistakes ##### +This chapter teaches that the Jews learned from the mistakes of their ancestors. They became determined to worship Yahweh alone, to not intermarry with other peoples, and to worship Yahweh as the law of Moses instructed them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Recalling the great power of God ##### +It was common to recall the great things God did for Israel. This is a reminder to Israel of God's power. It is intended to bring the people to repentance and proper worship of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/01.md b/neh/10/01.md index 8a6da9525a..75a95b40f4 100644 --- a/neh/10/01.md +++ b/neh/10/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# On the sealed documents were -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nehemiah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:zedekiah]] +You may need to fill in the missing words. "On the sealed documents were the names of the following people:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# sealed documents -* **Nehemiah...Hacaliah...Zedekiah, Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah, Pashhur, Amariah, Malchijah** - These are male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The documents were sealed after the names had been signed on the documents. + +# Nehemiah + +Some people believe that Nehemiah wrote this book and is speaking of himself as if he were someone else because this is an official list. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Hakaliah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zedekiah, Seraiah ... Jeremiah, Pashhur, Amariah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Azariah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:23](../03/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Malchijah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:11](../03/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/04.md b/neh/10/04.md index f1e42e736f..d088ea3063 100644 --- a/neh/10/04.md +++ b/neh/10/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:daniel]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +In these verses, Nehemiah lists the names of the priests who signed the sealed document. (See: [Nehemiah 10:1](./01.md)) -## translationNotes +# Hattush -* In these verses, Nehemiah lists the names of the priests who signed the sealed document. (See [[en:bible:notes:neh:10:01]]) -* **Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch, Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah, Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch, Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin, Maaziah, Bilgai, and Shemaiah** - These are male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **These were the priests** - This refers to the previous list of men who signed the document. “These were the names of the priests who signed the document.” +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:10](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shebaniah ... Meshullam + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 9:4](../09/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Malluk ... Obadiah, Daniel, Ginnethon ... Abijah, Mijamin, Maaziah, Bilgai + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Harim + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:11](../03/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meremoth + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:4](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Baruch + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:20](../03/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shemaiah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:29](../03/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These were the priests + +This refers to the previous list of men who signed the document. AT: "These were the names of the priests who signed the document" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/09.md b/neh/10/09.md index bfe8372e48..0d01704462 100644 --- a/neh/10/09.md +++ b/neh/10/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,63 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:elam]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the names of the people who signed the sealed document. -## translationNotes +# The Levites were -* In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the names of the people who signed the sealed document. -* **Jeshua, Azaniah, Binnui, Henadad, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Hodiah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan, Mica, Rehob, Hashabiah, Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah, Hodiah, Bani, and Beninu, Parosh, Pahath-Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani** - Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The Levites were** - "The Levites who signed the document were" -* **The leaders of the people were** - “The leaders of the people who signed the document were” +This refers to those who put their names on the sealed documents. AT: "The Levites who put their names on the sealed documents were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Jeshua ... Henadad + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:18-19](../03/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Azaniah ... Rehob ... Beninu + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Binnui + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:24](../03/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kadmiel + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:43](../07/43.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shebaniah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 9:4](../09/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hodiah ... Kelita ... Pelaiah ... Sherebiah + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 8:7](../08/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hanan + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:49](../07/46.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mika + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 10:11](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hashabiah ... Bani + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:17](../03/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zaccur + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:2](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The leaders of the people were + +This refers to those who put their names on the sealed documents. AT: "The leaders of the people who put their names on the sealed documents were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Parosh + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:25](../03/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pahath-Moab + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:11](../03/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elam ... Zattu + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:12](../07/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/15.md b/neh/10/15.md index d45e9a0024..17de6f754b 100644 --- a/neh/10/15.md +++ b/neh/10/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the names of the people who signed the sealed document. -## translationNotes +# Bunni -* In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the names of the people who signed the sealed document. -* **Bunni, Azgad, Bebai, Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin, Ater, Hezekiah, Azzur, Hodiah, Hashum, Bezai, Hariph, Anathoth, Nobai, Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir, Meshezabel, Zadok, Jaddua** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 9:4](../09/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Azgad, Bebai + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:16-17](../07/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adonijah ... Azzur ... Nebai, Magpiash ... Hezir ... Jaddua + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bigvai + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:7](../07/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adin, Ater, Hezekiah ... Hashum + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:20](../07/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hodiah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 8:7](../08/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bezai, Hariph + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:23](../07/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anathoth + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:27](../07/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meshullam ... Meshezabel, Zadok + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:4](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/22.md b/neh/10/22.md index fc1e823861..abb4f51c29 100644 --- a/neh/10/22.md +++ b/neh/10/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the names of the people who signed the sealed document. -## translationNotes +# Pelatiah ... Hoshea ... Pilha ... Shobek ... Hashabnah ... Ahiah ... Anan ... Harim ... Baanah -* In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the names of the people who signed the sealed document. -* **Pelatiah...Baanah** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the name of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hanan + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:49](../07/46.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anaiah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 8:4](../08/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anaiah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hasshub ... Hallohesh + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:11](../03/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rehum + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:17](../03/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Maaseiah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:23](../03/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Malluk, Harim + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 10:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Baanah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:6](../07/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/28.md b/neh/10/28.md index 2e2a839096..c26f6ddb18 100644 --- a/neh/10/28.md +++ b/neh/10/28.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# gatekeepers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +This refers to the people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md). -## translationNotes +# singers -* **gatekeepers** - These are people who looked after the opening in the wall and controlled who went in and out. See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/neh/07/01]] -* **singers** - "temple singers" -* **all who had separated themselves from the people of the neighboring lands and pledged themselves to the law of God** - AT: "all who had separated themselves for the purpose of the Law of God" -* **all who had separated themselves** - This refers to the separate gathering of the Jews in [[en:bible:notes:neh:09:01]]. -* **all who have knowledge and understanding** - This phrase can be made explicit. AT: "all who were old enough to understand what promising to obey God meant" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **nobles** - "the group of people who are members of the highest social class" -* **bound themselves with both a curse and an oath** - The people did not physically tie themselves up with a curse and an oath. The phrase "curse and an oath" is a metonym for "a solemn promise. AT: "made a solemn promise" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **with both a curse and an oath** - This says the same thing in two ways to emphasize the importance of the promise that the people were making. AT: "with a solemn oath" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **to walk in God’s law** - "to obey God's law" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to observe** - "to follow" +"temple singers" + +# all who have knowledge and understanding + +This phrase can be made explicit. AT: "all who were old enough to understand what promising to obey God meant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# their brothers, their nobles + +"their fellow brothers the nobles" or "their brothers the leaders." These phrases refer to the same people. + +# bound themselves with both a curse and an oath + +This speaks of the people taking an oath and a curse as if the oath and the curse were a rope that physically bound them. AT: "swore themselves to an oath and a curse" or "they took an oath and called for a curse to come on themselves if they failed to keep it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to walk in God's law + +This is an idiom. AT: "to live by God's law" or "to obey God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# which was given by Moses the servant of God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Moses the servant of God had given to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to observe + +"to follow" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/30.md b/neh/10/30.md index 8379301c73..424c404fba 100644 --- a/neh/10/30.md +++ b/neh/10/30.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +In these verses, the people describe the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:29](./28.md). -## translationNotes +# would not give our daughters to the people of the land or take their daughters for our sons -* In these verses, the people describe the content of the oath they were making in [[:en:bible:notes:neh:10:28]]. -* **We promised that we would not give our daughters to the people of the land or take their daughters for our sons** - "We made the commitment that we would not allow our daughters and sons to marry the people of the land who do not obey Yahweh" -* **We promised…we would not give…we would not buy…we will let…we will cancel…** - The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and the Jewish people, but not the reader of this book. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **we will let our fields rest** - "we will not plough our fields" or "we will not grow anything in our fields" -* **we will cancel all debts contracted by other Jews** - "we will declare that Jewish people will no longer have to pay back what they owe us" +This means that they would not allow their sons and daughters to marry them. AT: "would not give our daughters to marry the people of the land or take their daughters to marry our sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the people of the land + +This refers to the people who live in their land who do not worship Yahweh. AT: "the people of this land who do not worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# We promised ... we would not give ... we would not buy ... we will let ... we will cancel + +The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and the Jewish people, but not the reader of this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# seventh year + +"7th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# we will let our fields rest + +This is an idiom. AT: "we will not plow our fields" or "we will not grow anything in our fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we will cancel all debts contracted by other Jews + +"we will cancel all debts to other Jews" or "we will forgive all debts owned to us by other Jews" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/32.md b/neh/10/32.md index 25d6e004ab..4b9684874e 100644 --- a/neh/10/32.md +++ b/neh/10/32.md @@ -1,30 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:biblicalmoney]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:29](./28.md). -## translationNotes +# We accepted the commands -* In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [[en/bible/notes/neh/10/28 ]]. -* **We accepted the commands** - AT: "We promised ourselves" -* **We accepted** - The pronoun "we" here includes all the Israelites including Nehemiah except for the priest and Levites, and does not include the reader of this book (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **shekel** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **for the service of the house of our God** - "to pay for the care of the temple" -* **the bread of the presence** - This refers to the 12 loaves of bread baked without yeast kept in the temple and used to symbol God's presence with His people. -* **the new moon festivals** - These were celebrations held when the moon was just a small crescent in the sky. -* **to make atonement for Israel** - "to pay for the sins of the Israelites" -* **as well as for all the work of the house of our God** - "as well as for taking care of the temple" +"We promised to obey the command" + +# We accepted + +The pronoun "we" here includes all the Israelites including Nehemiah except for the priest and Levites, and does not include the reader of this book (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# a third of a shekel + +"1/3 of a shekel." "A third" means one part out of three equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "5 grams of sliver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# for the service of + +"to pay for the care of" + +# the bread of the presence + +This refers to the 12 loaves of bread baked without yeast kept in the temple and used to symbolize God's presence with His people. + +# the new moon festivals + +These were celebrations held when the moon was just a small crescent in the sky. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/34.md b/neh/10/34.md index 5559726c60..09d664ce5e 100644 --- a/neh/10/34.md +++ b/neh/10/34.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:29](./28.md). -## translationNotes +# to be burned -* In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [[:en:bible:notes:neh:10:28]]. -* **the people cast lots** - "the people threw marked stones to decide who would be responsible" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the Levites to burn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as it is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as it states" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from our soil + +"in our soil" or "on our land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/37.md b/neh/10/37.md index 10ca9be889..2e37b1ebd2 100644 --- a/neh/10/37.md +++ b/neh/10/37.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah verse 29](./28.md). -## translationNotes +# We will bring ... We will bring -* In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [[en/bible/notes/neh/10/28 ]]. -* **We will bring...We will bring** - The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and the Israelites except for the priests and the Levites, and also does not include the reader of this book (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **the first of our dough** - Dough is "coarse flour" or "ground grain." -* **the storerooms of the house of our God** - "the places where things are stored in the temple" -* **the tithes from our soil** - Here "our soil" refers to everything that is grown in the ground. AT: "one tenth of what we grow in the ground" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the storerooms of the treasury** - "the rooms where the priests stored the treasure" +The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and the Israelites except for the priests and the Levites, and also does not include the reader of this book (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# the first of our dough + +Dough is "coarse flour" or "ground grain." + +# the new wine and the oil + +The missing words may be added. AT: "the first of the new wine and the oil" or "the best of the new wine and the oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the storerooms of the house of our God + +"the places where things are stored in the temple" + +# the tithes from our soil + +Here "our soil" refers to everything that is grown in the ground. AT: "the tithes of what we grow in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they receive the tithes + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people give them the tithes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a tenth + +This means one part out of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# the storerooms of the treasury + +"the storerooms in the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/39.md b/neh/10/39.md index 6fae725d7d..11f1a31c9f 100644 --- a/neh/10/39.md +++ b/neh/10/39.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +In these verses, the people finish describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:29](./28.md). -## translationNotes +# the storerooms where the articles of the sanctuary are kept -* In these verses, the people finish describing the content of the oath they were making in [[en/bible/notes/neh/10/28 ]]. -* **the storerooms where the articles of the sanctuary are kept** - This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "the rooms where the priests keep the things that are used in the temple" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **gatekeepers** - These are people who looked after the opening in the wall and controlled who went in and out. See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/neh/07/01]] -* **We will not neglect the house of our God** - This double negative statement is used to emphasize that the opposite idea is not true. AT: "We will look after the temple" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **We will** - The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and all the people of Israel but does not include the reader of this book (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the rooms where the priests keep the things that are used in the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We will not neglect the house of our God + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "We will care for the temple" + +# We will + +The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and all the people of Israel but does not include the reader of this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/intro.md b/neh/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa4c79ba2e --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Nehemiah 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter concludes the passage beginning in chapter 9. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The vow ##### + +By signing this document, the people vowed or agreed to obey God, not to buy things on the Sabbath and to pay their temple tax. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/01.md b/neh/11/01.md index 71efc2b4b4..518864872c 100644 --- a/neh/11/01.md +++ b/neh/11/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the people cast lots -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"the people threw marked stones" -## translationNotes +# to bring one of ten -* **the people cast lots** - "the people threw marked stones to decide who would be responsible" +"to bring one family out of every ten families" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/03.md b/neh/11/03.md index bece104292..c7d08b86e8 100644 --- a/neh/11/03.md +++ b/neh/11/03.md @@ -1,40 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# on his own land, including some Israelites -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah|Uzziah, Azariah]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot|Zechariah (OT)]] +"on his own land: Israelites" -## translationNotes +# some of the descendants of Judah and some of the descendants of Benjamin -* **in their towns, including some Israelites** - "in their towns: Israelites" -* **some of the people of Judah and the people of Benjamin** - "some of the Judahites and some of the Benjaminites" or "some of the descendants of Judah and some of the descendants of Benjamin" -* **The people from Judah included:** - "From the descendants of Judah:" -* **a descendant of Perez** - "from the descendants of Perez" -* **Benjamin…Athaiah…Uzziah…Zechariah…Amariah…Shephatiah…Mahalalel…Perez** - These are male names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"some of the people of Judah and some of the people of Benjamin" + +# The people from Judah included: + +"From the descendants of Judah:" + +# Judah ... Benjamin ... Athaiah ... Uzziah ... Zechariah ... Amariah ... Shephatiah ... Mahalalel ... Perez + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a descendant of Perez + +"from the descendants of Perez" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/05.md b/neh/11/05.md index b222a42ba3..fbfaa8f3dc 100644 --- a/neh/11/05.md +++ b/neh/11/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot|Zechariah (OT)]] +In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the provincial officers who lived in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Maaseiah ... Baruch ... Kol-Hozeh ... Hazaiah ... Adaiah ... Joiarib ... Zechariah ... Perez -* **And there was Maaseiah** - "and Maaseiah" -* **the sons of Perez** - "the descendants of Perez" -* **468. They were outstanding men.** - "468 valiant men" or "468 courageous men." See how you translated numbers in [[en:bible:notes:neh:07:11]]. -* **Maaseiah...Baruch...Colhozeh...Hazaiah...Adaiah...Joiarib...Zechariah...Shilonite...Perez** - These are men's names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shilonite + +This refers to a person who comes from the town of Shiloh. + +# All ... were 468 + +"All ... were four hundred and sixty-eight." Perez had 468 descendants who lived in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# They were outstanding men + +"They were courageous men" or "They were valiant men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/07.md b/neh/11/07.md index a323d2ed44..b8716209e0 100644 --- a/neh/11/07.md +++ b/neh/11/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:overseer]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the provincial officers who lived in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# These are the descendants -* In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the provincial officers who lived in Jerusalem. -* **These are from the descendants** - "These are the descendants" -* **Benjamin...Sallu...Meshullam...Joed...Pedaiah...Kolaiah...Maaseiah...Ithiel...Jeshaiah...Gabbai...Sallai...Joel, Zichri...Judah...Hassenuah** - These are male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **a total of 928 men** - See how you translated numbers in [[en:bible:notes:neh:07:11]]. +"These are some of the descendants." Your language may need to specify that this is not a list of every descendant. + +# Benjamin ... Sallu ... Meshullam ... Joed ... Pedaiah ... Kolaiah ... Maaseiah ... Ithiel ... Jeshaiah ... Gabbai ... Sallai ... Joel ... Zichri ... Judah ... Hassenuah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 928 men + +"nine hundred and twenty-eight men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/10.md b/neh/11/10.md index dd519c97a2..a2b866c359 100644 --- a/neh/11/10.md +++ b/neh/11/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jedaiah ... Joiarib ... Jakin ... Seraiah ... Hilkiah ... Meshullam ... Zadok ... Meraioth ... Ahitub ... Adaiah ... Jeroham ... Pelaliah ... Amzi ... Zechariah ... Pashhur ... Malchijah -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] -* [[en:tw:zadok|Zadok]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# their associates -* **Jedaiah...Joiarib...Jachin...Seraiah...Hilkiah...Meshullam...Zadok...Meraioth...Ahitub...Adaiah...Jeroham...Pelaliah...Amzi...Zechariah...Pashhur...Malchijah** - These are male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **ruler** - "official" or "overseer" -* **who did the work of the clan** - "who did the work of the temple" -* **their associates** - "their brothers" or "their kinsmen" -* **822 men** - See how you translated numbers in [[en:bible:notes:neh:07:11]]. +"their brothers" or "their kinsmen" + +# who did the work for the house + +"who worked in the temple." The "house" referred to here is the "house of God" mentioned in the previous verse. + +# 822 men + +"eight hundred and twenty-two men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/13.md b/neh/11/13.md index 4d150458c4..5cde9ddaa2 100644 --- a/neh/11/13.md +++ b/neh/11/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# His brothers -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] +the brothers of Adaiah, the son of Jeroham ([Nehemiah 11:12](./10.md)). -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **And there were his associates who were heads of families** - "And his brothers were heads of clans" or "And his kinsmen were heads of clans" -* **his associates** - Here "his" refers to Adaiah, the son of Jeroham. (See [[:en:bible:notes:neh:11:10]]) -* **242 men** - See how you translated numbers in [[:en:bible:notes:neh:07:11]]. -* **Amashsai…Azarel…Ahzai…Meshillemoth…Immer…Zabdiel…Haggedolim** - These are male names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **courageous fighting men** - "valiant warriors" or "courageous warriors" -* **128** - See how you translated numbers in [[:en:bible:notes:neh:07:11]]. +This word is a metaphor for 1) fellow Israelites or 2) people who did the same work. AT: "associates" or "fellow workers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# 242 men + +"two hundred and forty-two men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Amashsai ... Azarel ... Ahzai ... Meshillemoth ... Immer ... Zabdiel ... Haggedolim + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 128 courageous fighting men + +"one hundred and twenty-eight courageous fighting men". These were "valiant warriors" or "courageous warriors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/15.md b/neh/11/15.md index 7021458512..3183b4cfd8 100644 --- a/neh/11/15.md +++ b/neh/11/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Shemaiah ... Hasshub ... Azrikam ... Hashabiah ... Bunni ... Shabbethai ... Jozabad -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# who were from the leaders of the Levites and were in charge -* **Shemaiah...Hasshub...Azrikam...Hashabiah...Bunni... Shabbethai...Jozabad** - These are male names. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and Shabbethai and Jozabad, who were from the leaders of the Levites and were in charge of the outside work of the house of God** - "and Shabbethai and Jozabad, from the leaders of the Levites, were in charge of the outside work of the house of God" +"from the leaders of the Levites, were in charge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/17.md b/neh/11/17.md index 47b91d1e6a..b7f448cdcc 100644 --- a/neh/11/17.md +++ b/neh/11/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Mattaniah ... Mika ... Zabdi ... Asaph ... Bakbukiah ... Abda ... Shammua ... Galal ... Jeduthun -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# who began the thanksgiving in prayer -* **Mattaniah...Mica...Zabdi...Asaph...Bakbukiah...Abda...Shammua...Galal...Jeduthun** - These are male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **his associates** - "his brothers" -* **In all the holy city were 284 Levites** - "All the Levites in the holy city were 284" or "There were, in all, 284 Levites in the holy city." See how you translated numbers in [[en:bible:notes:neh:07:11]]. +That is, who directed the singers. + +# Bakbukiah, the second among his brothers + +Possible meanings are 1) Bakbukiah was Mattaniah's kinsman and second in authority to Mattaniah or 2) "Bakbukiah, who led a second group of singers." + +# brothers + +Another possible meaning is "associates" or "fellow workers." + +# the holy city + +This expression refers to the city of Jerusalem. + +# numbered 284 + +"numbered two hundred and eighty-four." There were 284 Levites in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/19.md b/neh/11/19.md index 4e0af40e33..66355d6f6f 100644 --- a/neh/11/19.md +++ b/neh/11/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# gatekeepers -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:watch|watch]] +people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md). -## translationNotes +# Akkub ... Talmon ... Ziha ... Gishpa -* **gatekeepers** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:neh:07:01]] -* **Akkub...Talmon...Ziha...Gishpa** - These are male names. (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **their associates** - "their brothers" -* **172 men** - See how you translated numbers in [[en:bible:notes:neh:07:11]]. -* **The temple workers lived in Ophel, and Ziha and Gishpa were in charge of them** - "The temple workers lived in Ophel. Ziha and Gishpa were over the temple workers." -* **Ophel** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 172 men + +"one hundred and seventy-two men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ophel + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/22.md b/neh/11/22.md index 12b36c9b7f..7995ef35e9 100644 --- a/neh/11/22.md +++ b/neh/11/22.md @@ -1,28 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The chief officer over -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"The overseer of" -## translationNotes +# Uzzi ... Bani ... Hashabiah ... Mattaniah ... Mika ... Asaph ... Pethahiah ... Meshezabel ... Zerah ... Judah -* **The chief officer** - "The overseer" -* **who were serving in Jerusalem ** - "in Jerusalem" -* **Uzzi...Bani...Hashabiah...Mattaniah...Mica, ...Asaph...Pethahiah...Meshezabel...Zerah...Judah** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They were under orders from the king** - "For there was a commandment of the king concerning them" -* **at the king’s side in all matters concerning the people** - at the Persian king's side as an advisor in all matters concerning the Jewish people. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They were under orders from the king + +"The king had told them what to do" + +# firm orders were given for the singers + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the king had told them specifically what to do about the singers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# at the king's side in all matters concerning the people + +"at the Persian king's side as an adviser in all matters concerning the Jewish people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/25.md b/neh/11/25.md index b4ff2c1092..b9dd86fded 100644 --- a/neh/11/25.md +++ b/neh/11/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Kiriath Arba ... Dibon ... Jekabzeel ... Jeshua ... Moladah ... Beth Pelet ... Hazar Shual ... Beersheba -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|Judah, kingdom of Judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Kiriath Arba...Dibon...Jekabzeel...Jeshua...Moladah...Bethpelet...Hazar Shual...Beersheba** - These are names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/28.md b/neh/11/28.md index dce6861763..fe1e4aae15 100644 --- a/neh/11/28.md +++ b/neh/11/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Ziklag ... Mekonah ... Enrimmon ... Zorah ... Jarmuth ... Zanoah ... Adullam ... Lachish ... Azekah ... Beersheba ... Valley of Hinnom -* [[en:tw:beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:beersheba|Beersheba]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# they lived -* **they lived** - Here "they" refers to the people of Judah. -* **Ziklag...Meconah...Enrimmon...Zorah...Jarmuth...Zanoah...Adullam...Lachish...Azekah...Beersheba...valley of Hinnom** - These are names of places. ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here "they" refers to the people of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/31.md b/neh/11/31.md index 8f4087b08e..2c7cfb496f 100644 --- a/neh/11/31.md +++ b/neh/11/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The people of Benjamin also lived from Geba onward, at Mikmash and Aija -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"The people of Benjamin lived in Geba, Mikmash and Aija" -## translationNotes +# Geba ... Mikmash ... Aija ... Bethel ... Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah, Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim, Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat, Lod ... Ono ... Judah -* **Geba...Michmash...Aija...Bethel...Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah, Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim, Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat, Lod...Ono...Judah** - These are names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The people of Benjamin also lived from Geba onward, at Michmash and Aija** - "The people of Benjamin lived in Geba, Michmash and Aija. -* ** Aija** - This is possibly another name for the town of Ai. -* ** the valley of craftsmen** - This valley was called "Ge-harashim" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* ** Some of the Levites who lived in Judah were assigned to the people of Benjamin** - "Some of the Judean divisions of Levites were assigned to live with the people of Benjamin." +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Aija + +This is possibly another name for the town of Ai. + +# the valley of craftsmen + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a description of Ono or 2) it is "Craftsmen's Valley" or "the Valley of Craftsmen," another name for Ono, or 3) it is a different place from Ono, "and the Valley of Craftsmen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Some of the Levites who lived in Judah were assigned to the people of Benjamin + +"Some of the Judean divisions of Levites were assigned to live with the people of Benjamin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/intro.md b/neh/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2def8e2be9 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Nehemiah 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The places where the Jews lived ##### + +Some people lived in Jerusalem, but most people lived in villages and towns away from Jerusalem. They lived there in order to farm the land and raise their animals. The city with its walls was there to provide all of the people with protection if enemies attacked them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/01.md b/neh/12/01.md index 183ea0aab8..b8f683af08 100644 --- a/neh/12/01.md +++ b/neh/12/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who came up -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"who arrived from Babylonia" -## translationNotes +# with Zerubbabel -* **who came up** - "who arrived from Babylonia" -* **with Zerubbabel** - "under the leadership of Zerubbabel" -* **Zerubbabel...Shealtiel...Jeshua:Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra, Amariah, Malluch, Hattush, Shecaniah, Rehum, and Meremoth** - These are male names (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"under the leadership of Zerubbabel" + +# Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Jeshua ... Seraiah ... Jeremiah ... Ezra ... Amariah ... Malluk ... Hattush ... Shecaniah ... Rehum ... Meremoth + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/04.md b/neh/12/04.md index a7530969c8..cfe1dd2cd4 100644 --- a/neh/12/04.md +++ b/neh/12/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:priest]] +The list that began in [Nehemiah 12:1](./01.md) continues. -## translationNotes +# There were -* **Iddo, Ginnethoi, Abijah, Mijamin, Maadiah, Bilgah, Shemaiah, and Joiarib, Jedaiah, Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah, Jedaiah...Jeshua.** - These are all male names (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Ginnethon** - Ginnethoi may be another form of the name Ginnethon" -* **Maadiah** - Moadiah may be another form of the name Maadiah. +These words have been added for this translation. If you continue the list that began in [Nehemiah 12:1](./01.md), you can omit these words. + +# Iddo ... Ginnethon ... Abijah ... Mijamin ... Moadiah ... Bilgah ... Shemaiah ... Joiarib ... Jedaiah ... Sallu ... Amok ... Hilkiah ... Jedaiah ... Jeshua. + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ginnethon + +Ginnethoi may be another form of the name "Ginnethon". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/08.md b/neh/12/08.md index e448a7e595..2999f85053 100644 --- a/neh/12/08.md +++ b/neh/12/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeshua ... Binnui ... Kadmiel ... Sherebiah ... Judah ... Mattaniah ... Bakbukiah ... Unni -* [[en:tw:levite]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# stood opposite them during the service -* **Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah...Bakbukiah, and Unno** - These are male names (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mattaniah...was in charge of the thanksgiving songs, along with his associates. Bakbukiah and Unno, their associates, stood opposite them during the service** - This means one person led two groups of singers in a musical form called 'call and response.' +Possible meanings are 1) this was during a worship service and these were two groups of singers or other worshipers, or 2) these groups guarded the temple at different times, or "took turns guarding the temple". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/10.md b/neh/12/10.md index 9fd0aee234..19e4c11d9f 100644 --- a/neh/12/10.md +++ b/neh/12/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jeshua ... Joiakim ... Eliashib ... Joiada ... Jonathan ... Jaddua -* [[en:tw:father]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Jeshua was the father of Joiakim -* **Jeshua...Joiakim...Eliashib...Joiada...Jonathan...Jaddua** - These are male names (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] +If your reader will need to know that this Jeshua had been high priest many years before this time, you may want to follow the example of the UDB. AT: "Jeshua many years previously was the high priest. He was the father of Joiakim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/12.md b/neh/12/12.md index 49f9e16d2b..06452edcb2 100644 --- a/neh/12/12.md +++ b/neh/12/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Joiakim ... Meraiah ... Hananiah ... Meshullam ... Jehohanan ... Jonathan ... Joseph -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:jeremiah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Seraiah ... Jeremiah ... Ezra ... Amariah ... Malluk ... Shebaniah -* **In the days of Joiakim these were the priests, the heads of fathers' families: Meraiah was the leader of Seraiah...Joseph was leader of Shebaniah** - This means there was a representative relative for each family. -* **Joiakim...Meraiah...Seraiah, Hananiah...Jeremiah, Meshullam...Ezra, Jehohanan...Amariah, Jonathan...Malluchi, Joseph...Shebaniah** - These are male names. (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of families named after men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/15.md b/neh/12/15.md index e2343756e9..7bafe243ec 100644 --- a/neh/12/15.md +++ b/neh/12/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +The list that began in [Nehemiah 12:12](./12.md) continues. -## translationNotes +# Adna ... Helkai ... Zechariah ... Meshullam ... Zichri ... Piltai ... Shammua ... Jehonathan ... Mattenai ... Uzzi ... Kallai ... Eber ... Hashabiah ... Nethanel -* **Adna was the leader of Harim... and Nethanel was leader of Jedaiah** - This continues to list the representatives of each family. -* **Meshullam was leader of Ginnethon** - Ginnethon may be another form of the name Ginnethoi. -* **There was also a leader of Miniamin. Piltai was leader of Moadiah** - "Piltai was a leader of the family of Miniamin and Moadiah." -* **Moadiah** - Maadiah may be another form of the name Moadiah. -* **Adna...Harim, Helkai...Meraioth, Zechariah...Iddo, Meshullam...Ginnethon, Zichri...Abijah...Miniamin. Piltai...Moadiah, Shammua...Bilgah, Jehonathan...Shemaiah, Mattenai...Joiarib, Uzzi...Jedaiah, Kallai...Sallai, Eber...Amok, Hashabiah...Hilkiah, and Nethanel...Jedaiah** - These are all male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Harim ... Meremoth ... Iddo ... Ginnethon ... Abijah ... Miniamin ... Moadiah ... Bilgah ... Shemaiah ... Joiarib ... Jedaiah ... Sallu ... Amok ... Hilkiah ... Jedaiah + +These are all names of families that are named after men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# was the leader of + +"was the leader of the family of" or "was the leader of the descendants of" + +# Meshullam was the leader of Ginnethon + +Ginnethon may be another form of the name Ginnethoi. + +# of Miniamin + +The Hebrew text mistakenly leaves out the name of the leader of the family of Miniamin. Some modern versions leave the expression incomplete, as the ULB does. Other versions provide a short explanation to make up for the omission of the leader's name, as the UDB does. + +# Moadiah + +Maadiah may be another form of the name Moadiah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/22.md b/neh/12/22.md index 94a8f0f15b..01501d7f4a 100644 --- a/neh/12/22.md +++ b/neh/12/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliashib ... Joiada, Johanan ... Jaddua -* [[en:tw:darius]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:persia]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# during the reign of Darius -* **In the days of Eliashib, the Levites, Eliashib, Joiada, Johanan, and Jaddua, were recorded as the heads of families, and the priests were recorded during the reign of Darius the Persian** - This statement is ambiguous since it is not clear whether the Levites and priests represented one group or were two different groups. Here is one possible translation: "The family heads of the Levites in the days of Eliashib (Joiada, Johanan and Jaddua), as well as those of the priests, were recorded in the reign of Darius the Persian." -* **Eliashib...Joiada, Johanan, and Jaddua, were recorded as the heads of families** - These males were recorded as heads of families. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **The descendants of Levi and their leaders of families** - "The descendants of Levi, leaders of families" -* **recorded in the book of the annals** - This may refer to the Book of Chronicles. The scribes wrote the words in the verses above in a book that recorded the events of each day. -* **up to the days of Johanan the son of Eliashib** - The records in the temple recorded only up until Johanan. +Another possible meaning is "until the reign of Darius" + +# recorded in the book of the annals + +This may refer to the Book of Chronicles. The scribes wrote the words in the verses above in a book that recorded the events of each day. + +# up to the days of Johanan son of Eliashib + +The records in the temple recorded only up until Johanan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/24.md b/neh/12/24.md index ba5deefb4c..d33f4a7909 100644 --- a/neh/12/24.md +++ b/neh/12/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hashabiah, Sherebiah ... Jeshua ... Kadmiel ... David ... Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub ... Joiakim ... Jeshua ... Jozadak ... Nehemiah ... Ezra -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# who stood opposite them to give praise and to give thanks, responding section by section -* **who stood opposite them to give praise and to give thanks, responding section by section** - This refers to how worship was organized as "call and response." A leader-group may call to a single response-group or to two response-groups during worship. -* **obedience to the command of David** - King David directed how worship was to be organized and led by the Levites. -* **gatekeepers standing guard at the storerooms of the gates** - "gatekeepers who guarded the temple storerooms by the gates" See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/neh/07/01]] -* **in the days of** - "during the leadership of" The date was fixed by listing those in charge at the time. -* **Hashabiah, Sherebiah...Jeshua...Kadmiel...David...Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub...Joiakim...Jeshua...Jozadak...Nehemiah...Ezra** - These are male names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This refers to how they sang some of their songs in worship. A leader or one group would sing a phrase, then one or two groups that "stood opposite them" would sing a phrase in response. + +# obedience to the command of David + +King David had commanded the Levites how they were to organize and lead worship. + +# in the days of Joiakim ... Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor and of Ezra ... scribe + +The date was fixed by listing those who were leading the Jews at the time. "when Joiakim ... Jozadak was high priest, and when Nehemiah was governor and Ezra ... was the scribe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/27.md b/neh/12/27.md index 58d936da69..26bd996b01 100644 --- a/neh/12/27.md +++ b/neh/12/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Possible meanings are 1) "At the time when they dedicated the wall of Jerusalem" or 2) "So that the dedication of Jerusalem's wall could take place." -## translationNotes +# cymbals -* **At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem** - "For the dedication of Jerusalem's wall" Nehemiah records the dedication of the entire city wall. -* **the people sought out the Levites wherever they lived, to bring them to Jerusalem to celebrate the dedication with joy, with thanksgivings, singing, with cymbals, harps, and with lyres** - "the people looked everywhere for Levites who could best celebrate the wall's dedication with joy, thanksgiving, singing, and their musical instruments." The people in charge of the dedication sought out those who were best qualified, spiritually, musically, and in all ways. +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/29.md b/neh/12/29.md index 707e1d4001..df5af85a2f 100644 --- a/neh/12/29.md +++ b/neh/12/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Beth Gilgal ... Geba and Azmaveth -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Beth Gilgal...Geba and Azmaveth...Jerusalem** - These are the names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **for the singers had built for themselves villages around Jerusalem** - "for the singers lived in musical communities they had built in places surrounding Jerusalem." -* **The priests and the Levites purified** - This refers to a process of ritually purifying everything participating in the dedication ceremony: leaders, participants, instruments, buildings, even the walls themselves. +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/31.md b/neh/12/31.md index 80f8d98984..a01ca921e9 100644 --- a/neh/12/31.md +++ b/neh/12/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the leaders of Judah -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Then I had the leaders of Judah** - This refers to the leaders of the region of Judah. -* **I appointed two large choirs who gave thanks** - "I appointed two large processional thanksgiving choirs" -* **One went to the right on the wall toward the Dung Gate** - "One choir went to the right on top of the wall of the Dung Gate" +the leaders of the people who lived in the region of Judah \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/32.md b/neh/12/32.md index 27f12c9884..577c25bbd9 100644 --- a/neh/12/32.md +++ b/neh/12/32.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hoshaiah ... Azariah, Ezra, Meshullam, Judah, Benjamin, Shemaiah, Jeremiah ... Zechariah ... Jonathan ... Shemaiah ... Mattaniah ... Micaiah ... Zaccur ... Asaph -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +These are the names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# after them went -* **Hoshaiah...Azariah, Ezra, Meshullam, Judah, Benjamin, Shemaiah, Jeremiah...Zechariah...Jonathan...Shemaiah...Mattaniah...Micaiah...Zaccur...Asaph** - These are the names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **and after them went** - "and behind them followed" -* **and some of the priests’ sons with trumpets, and Zechariah** - AT: "and from among the priests with trumpets, Zechariah" -* **Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the son of Zaccur, a descendant of Asaph** - All of the names after "Zechariah" are the ancestors of Zechariah. This list connects Zechariah with the famous singer Asaph. AT: "Zechariah who was the son of Jonathan, who was the son of Shemaiah, who was the son of Mattaniah, who was the son of Micaiah, who was the son of Zaccur, who was the son of Asaph" +"behind them followed" + +# some of the priests' sons with trumpets, and Zechariah + +Some versions read, "from among the priests with trumpets, Zechariah" + +# Zechariah son of Jonathan son of Shemaiah son of Mattaniah son of Micaiah son of Zaccur son of Asaph + +All of the names after "Zechariah" are the ancestors of Zechariah. This list connects Zechariah with the famous singer Asaph. "Zechariah who was the son of Jonathan, who was the son of Shemaiah, who was the son of Mattaniah, who was the son of Micaiah, who was the son of Zaccur son of Asaph" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/36.md b/neh/12/36.md index 4992da1282..af90f234e9 100644 --- a/neh/12/36.md +++ b/neh/12/36.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# There also were -* [[en:tw:cityofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:ezra]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +"Along with them were" -## translationNotes +# Zechariah ... Shemaiah, Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethanel, Judah, Hanani ... David ... Ezra -* **There also were** - "Along with them were" -* **Zechariah...Shemaiah, Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethanel, Judah, Hanani...David...Ezra** - These are the names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hanani** - This male may not be a relative of Zechariah. -* **with the instruments of the music of David** - "with the musical instruments of David" -* **Ezra the scribe was in front of them** - AT: "Ezra the scribe was leading them" -* **By the Fountain Gate they went straight up** - AT: "And by the Fountain Gate and opposite them, they went up" -* **Fountain Gate, Water Gate** - These are the names of openings in the wall. -* **they went straight up by the stairs of the city of David on the ascent of the wall, above David's palace, to the Water Gate on the east** - AT: "they went up to the heights of the city of David by means of the stair to the wall above the house of David and up to the Water Gate in the east" -* **on the ascent of the wall** - AT: "by the ascent to the wall" +These are the names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ezra the scribe was in front of them + +"Ezra the scribe was leading them" + +# Fountain Gate ... Water Gate + +These are the names of openings in the wall. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/38.md b/neh/12/38.md index 5a2ef132e2..15e6db32e1 100644 --- a/neh/12/38.md +++ b/neh/12/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# choir -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +"group of singers" -## translationNotes +# I followed them -* **choir** - "group of singers" -* **went in the other direction** - This is expressed in UDB as going to the left, but it means that they went in the opposite direction. AT: "went in the opposite direction" -* **I followed them** - Nehemiah is speaking here. AT: "I, Nehemiah, followed them" -* **Tower of Ovens, Tower of Hananel, Tower of Hammeah** - These are the names of tall structures where people kept watch for danger (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Broad Wall** - This is a name for part of the wall. -* **Gate of Ephraim...Old Gate...Fish Gate...Sheep Gate...Gate of the Guard** - These are the names of openings in the wall. +Nehemiah followed them. + +# Tower of Ovens ... Tower of Hananel ... Tower of the Hundred + +These are the names of tall structures where people kept watch for danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Broad Wall + +This is a name for part of the wall. + +# Gate of Ephraim ... Old Gate ... Fish Gate ... Sheep Gate ... Gate of the Guard + +These are the names of openings in the wall. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/40.md b/neh/12/40.md index df899e1be8..c958ab99df 100644 --- a/neh/12/40.md +++ b/neh/12/40.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I also took my place -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Nehemiah is speaking here. AT: "I, Nehemiah, also took my place" -## translationNotes +# Eliakim ... Maaseiah ... Miniamin ... Micaiah ... Elioenai ... Zechariah ... Hananiah ... Maaseiah ... Shemaiah ... Eleazar ... Uzzi ... Jehohanan ... Malchijah ... Elam ... Ezer -* **I also took my place** - Nehemiah is speaking here. AT: "I, Nehemiah, also took my place" -* **Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Micaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah...Hananiah, Maaseiah, Shemaiah, Eleazar, Uzzi, Jehohanan, Malchijah, Elam, and Ezer** - These are the names of males who were the priests at that time. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jezrahiah** - This is the name of a male who was the leader of the singers. -* **The singers sang with Jezrahiah as director** - AT: "The singers and Jezrahiah the director proclaimed" +These are the names of males who were the priests at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jezrahiah + +This is the name of a male who was the leader of the singers. + +# with the trumpets + +Possible meanings are 1) only the first seven priests listed from Eliakim to Hananiah carried trumpets or 2) all 15 priests listed from Eliakim to Ezer carried trumpets. + +# made themselves heard + +"sang loudly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/43.md b/neh/12/43.md index bc7a5e733e..15b0026be0 100644 --- a/neh/12/43.md +++ b/neh/12/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# rejoice with great joy -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"rejoice greatly" -## translationNotes +# So the joy of Jerusalem could be heard far away -* **for God had made them rejoice with great joy** - "for God had made them celebrate with great joy" -* **So the joy of Jerusalem could be heard far away** - "Jerusalem" means "the people of Jerusalem." AT: "the joy of the people of Jerusalem could be heard far away." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"The joy of Jerusalem" is a metonym for "the sound that the people of Jerusalem made." This can be translated in active form. AT: "people far away from Jerusalem could hear the sound that the people of Jerusalem made as they celebrated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/44.md b/neh/12/44.md index 29e83cb199..a2aa449d36 100644 --- a/neh/12/44.md +++ b/neh/12/44.md @@ -1,26 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# men were appointed to be in charge -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This can be stated in active form. It is not clear who appointed the men. AT: "they appointed men to be in charge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the contributions -* **men were appointed to be in charge** - This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "they appointed men to be in charge" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the contributions** - These were donations specifically for the priests. -* **tithes to gather into them the portions required by the law for the priests and for the Levites. Each was assigned to work the fields near the towns** - A new sentence can begin after the word "tithes." AT: "These men were also responsible for collecting from the fields outside the towns the portions that the Law required for the priests and Levites." -* **For Judah rejoiced over the priests and the Levites** - It seems that the men were appointed because the people of Judah were grateful for the priests and Levites who were serving. -* **who were standing before them** - The Levites and priests weren't just standing, they were serving in their roles. The meaning can be made explicit. AT: "who were standing before them serving God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **They performed the service of their God, and the service of purification...and so did the singers and the gatekeepers** - Singing and gate keeping were both Levitical roles. AT: "they performed the service of their God and the service of purification, the duty of the singers and of the gatekeepers" -* **in keeping with the command of David and of Solomon his son** - AT: "just as the command of David was kept by Solomon his son" -* **gatekeepers** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/neh/07/01]] +things the people gave to the priests + +# For Judah rejoiced over the priests and the Levites + +It seems that the people appointed the men because the people of Judah were grateful for the priests and Levites who were serving. + +# who were standing before them + +The Levites and priests were not just standing, they were serving in their roles. The meaning can be made explicit. AT: "who were standing before them serving God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# gatekeepers + +These were people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/46.md b/neh/12/46.md index a052026680..f4981aeea9 100644 --- a/neh/12/46.md +++ b/neh/12/46.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# there were directors of singers -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:nehemiah]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +This sentence tells why the people did what they did in [Nehemiah 12:45](./44.md) and gives us more information about the time when David told people how to worship at the temple. -## translationNotes +# In the days of Zerubbabel -* **there were directors of singers** - This sentence gives us more information about the time when David told people how to worship at the temple. -* **In the days of Zerubbabel** - Zerubbabel was a descendant of King David and one of the governors in the region of Judah. -* **They set aside the portion** - "All Israel set aside the portion" -* **gatekeepers** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/neh/07/01]] -* **the descendants of Aaron** - This refers to the priests in Israel, who descended from Aaron, the brother of Moses. +Zerubbabel was a descendant of King David and one of the governors in the region of Judah. + +# They set aside the portion + +"All Israel set aside the portion" + +# the descendants of Aaron + +the priests in Israel, who descended from Aaron, the brother of Moses \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/intro.md b/neh/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..830f15d59f --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Nehemiah 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Dedication of the wall ##### + +In the ancient Near East, it was common to dedicate an important structure to a god. When it was completed, the wall was dedicated to Yahweh. Long lists of people are present, indicating that "everyone" was present for this and praised Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/01.md b/neh/13/01.md index fb93cfd9bc..02cbefd691 100644 --- a/neh/13/01.md +++ b/neh/13/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in the hearing of the people -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"so that the people could hear it" -## translationNotes +# should come into the assembly of God, forever -* **On that day they read the book of Moses in the hearing of the people** - "In the hearing of the people that day, the priests read the book of Moses." Sometimes in earlier chapters the phrase "on that day" means "in olden times," but here the phrase refers to the actual day that the reading occurred. -* **the people** - This refers to all the people who had gathered for this event, including those who had built the wall, lived in the city, and lived in the vicinity. -* **an Ammonite and a Moabite should not come into the assembly of God, forever** - "no Ammonite or Moabite person should ever come into the congregation of God." -* **This was because** - "The historical reason for this was that" +"should ever come into the assembly of God" + +# This was because + +"They could not come into the assembly because" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/04.md b/neh/13/04.md index df3c09b32f..7a3bd65db1 100644 --- a/neh/13/04.md +++ b/neh/13/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliashib the priest was appointed -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they appointed Eliashib the priest" or "the leaders appointed Eliashib the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# He was related to Tobiah -* **He was related to Tobiah.** - The context clearly shows that "he" refers to Eliashib. AT: "He was allied with Tobiah" or "He was closely associated with Tobiah." -* **Tobiah** - He was the sworn enemy of these returning people. -* **Eliashib prepared for Tobiah a large storeroom** - Eliashib prepared a large storeroom for Tobiah in an area that had always been purified to store offering supplies. -* **gatekeepers** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/neh/07/01]] +"Eliashib and Tobiah worked closely together" + +# Eliashib ... Tobiah + +These are the names of men. + +# Eliashib prepared for Tobiah a large storeroom + +"Eliashib prepared a large storeroom for Tobiah to use" + +# gatekeepers + +people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/06.md b/neh/13/06.md index c8bcc02d63..3a3e6d9a87 100644 --- a/neh/13/06.md +++ b/neh/13/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But in all this time I was not in Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:artaxerxes]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +"During the time all this was happening, I was away from Jerusalem" -## translationNotes +# I was not -* **But in all this time I was not in Jerusalem.** - "During the time all this was happening, I was away from Jerusalem" -* **the evil that Eliashib had done by giving Tobiah a storeroom in the courts of the house of God** - This was a room which had previously been purified to store offering supplies. (See [[en:bible:notes:neh:13:04]]) +Here "I" refers to Nehemiah. + +# a storeroom in the courts of the house of God + +This was a room which had previously been purified to store offering supplies ([Nehemiah 13:5](./04.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/08.md b/neh/13/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2f3fd54c1f..0000000000 --- a/neh/13/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] - -## translationNotes - -* **I was very angry and I threw all the household articles of Tobiah out of the storeroom.** - "I was furious and threw all Tobiah's household furnishings out of the storeroom. diff --git a/neh/13/10.md b/neh/13/10.md index ff51a0973f..fa0b91b9a9 100644 --- a/neh/13/10.md +++ b/neh/13/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the Levites' portions had not been given to them -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. This can also be translated in active form. AT: "the people had not been bringing into the storerooms their tithes and offerings of food for the temple priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# they had run away, each to his own field, the Levites and the singers who did the work -* **the portions assigned to give to the Levites had not been distributed to them** - AT: "the people of Israel had not been bringing into the storerooms their tithes and offerings of food for the temple priests" -* **so they hurried to leave the temple, each to his own field, as the singers who did the work also had done** - This can be written as a new sentence. "As a result, the priests and the singers who performed the service had gone away, each to his own field." -* **the singers** - AT: "the musicians" -* **Why is the house of God neglected?** - This is a rhetorical question since Nehemiah uses it to challenge or even ridicule the officials who had not done their work. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"the Levites and the singers who did the work had left the temple, each one going to his own field" + +# Why is the house of God neglected? + +Nehemiah uses a rhetorical question to challenge or even ridicule the officials who had not done their work. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have neglected the house of God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/12.md b/neh/13/12.md index 6c913a9d35..ae31613cd5 100644 --- a/neh/13/12.md +++ b/neh/13/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all Judah -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:scribe]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:zadok]] +The name of the land is a metonym for the people of the land. This is probably a generalization. AT: "all the people who lived in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# Shelemiah ... Zadok ... Pedaiah ... Hanan ... Zaccur ... Mattaniah -* **all Judah brought in the tithe** - In response to Nehemiah's words in [[en:bible:notes:neh:13:10]], the Jews are now keeping the law with regard to tithes and offerings for the priests. -* **Shelemiah...Zadok...Pedaiah...Hanan...Zaccur...Mattaniah** - These are the names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Call me to mind, my God, concerning this** - "My God, remember me concerning this." Nehemiah gives his summary account of accomplishments to God, asks to be remembered, and closes that item to move on to the next. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they were counted as trustworthy + +This can be translated in active form. The abstract noun "trustworthy" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I knew that I could trust them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Call me to mind, my God, concerning this + +"My God, remember me concerning this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/15.md b/neh/13/15.md index 747ad57e5a..b1ac6b1b20 100644 --- a/neh/13/15.md +++ b/neh/13/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# treading winepresses -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] +The word "winepresses" is a metonym for the grapes that were in the winepresses. The people were walking on grapes to get the juice out of them to make wine. AT: "walking on grapes in winepresses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# treading -* **treading wine presses on the sabbath** - Jews were working on the sabbath in violation of the Law. -* **treading** - walking on something to crush or press it -* **loading them on donkeys** - Jews were working their animals on the sabbath in violation of the Law. -* **they were selling food on that day** - Jews were selling on the sabbath in violation of the Law. +walking on something to crush or press it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/16.md b/neh/13/16.md index 10458b8fef..c91e992b79 100644 --- a/neh/13/16.md +++ b/neh/13/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Tyre -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# What is this evil thing you are doing, profaning the Sabbath day? -* **Men from Tyre** - Tyre was a city north of Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **this evil thing** - "this thing against God's law" -* **profaning the sabbath day** - "violating the sabbath day" -* **did not our God bring all this evil** - "did not our God bring all this punishment" +Nehemiah is using a rhetorical question to scold the leaders of Judah. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are doing an evil thing by profaning the Sabbath day." or "God will punish you for doing this evil thing, for profaning the Sabbath day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did not your fathers do this? Did not our God bring all this evil on us and on this city? + +Nehemiah is using these rhetorical questions to scold the leaders of Judah. These questions can be combined and translated as a statement. AT: "You know that your fathers did this, and that is why God brought all this evil on us and on this city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/19.md b/neh/13/19.md index 8ef75dcbbf..82b1ca7009 100644 --- a/neh/13/19.md +++ b/neh/13/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# As soon as it became dark ... before the Sabbath -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"When the sun went down ... and it was time for the Sabbath to begin" -## translationNotes +# that the doors be shut and that they should not be opened until -* **As soon as it became dark at the gates of Jerusalem before the sabbath** - "At sundown at the gates of Jerusalem" or "At the official start of the sabbath at the gates of Jerusalem" -* **should not be opened until after the sabbath** - "should not be opened until after the sabbath, at sundown the next day" -* **all kinds of wares** - "all kinds of merchandise" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that the guards shut the doors and not open them until" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no load could be brought in + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one could bring in things they wanted to sell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sellers of all kinds of wares + +"people who had brought many different things they wanted to sell" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/21.md b/neh/13/21.md index fea72c10e4..f01e25843e 100644 --- a/neh/13/21.md +++ b/neh/13/21.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Why do you camp outside the wall? -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] +Nehemiah uses a rhetorical question to rebuke merchants and to emphasize his command. This question can be translated as a statement. The full meaning of this statement can also be made explicit. AT: "You are camping outside the wall against what I commanded." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# I will lay hands on you! -* **"Why do you camp outside the wall?** - Nehemiah poses this question not to receive an answer but to rebuke merchants and to emphasize his command. AT: "You are camping outside the wall and it is against my direction." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I will lay hands on you!** - "I will send you away by force!" or "I will remove you by force!" -* **Call me to mind for this also, my God** - "My God, remember me also for this." For the second time, Nehemiah is giving an account of the things he did to make sure that the Law was followed. This is not directed to the people, but directed to God. He asks God to remember what he has done. -* **because of the covenant loyalty you have toward me** - "because of the promise of loyalty you have toward me." +The word "hands" is a metonym for forceful action. AT: "I will send you away by force!" or "I will remove you by force!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Call me to mind for this also, my God + +"My God, remember me concerning this also." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Nehemiah 13:14](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/23.md b/neh/13/23.md index 02c44f3630..a758efe46c 100644 --- a/neh/13/23.md +++ b/neh/13/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Moab]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] +These verses introduce the action that follows. -## translationNotes +# Jews that had married women of Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab -* **Jews that had married women of Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab** - "Jews that had married foreign women" God had forbidden intermarriage. -* **Ashdod...Ammon...Moab** - These are names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Half their children** - "As a result, half their children" +"Jews that had married foreign women." God had forbidden intermarriage. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Ashdod + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ammon ... Moab + +These are the names of nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Half of their children + +"As a result, half of their children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/25.md b/neh/13/25.md index 3d2305fda7..354b642d62 100644 --- a/neh/13/25.md +++ b/neh/13/25.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I confronted them -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"I spoke directly to them about what they had done" -## translationNotes +# I hit some of them -* **I confronted them** - "I spoke directly to them about their offense" -* **I hit some of them** - "I physically assaulted them" or "I beat them up" -* **I made them swear by God** - "I made them say a promise before God" -* **Did not Solomon king of Israel sin on account of these women?** - This is a statement that is given emphasis by being stated in the form a question. It does not expect an answer. AT: "Solomon king of Israel sinned on account of these women." (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Should we then listen to you and do all this great evil, and act treacherously against our God by marrying foreign women?** - This is a statement that is given emphasis by being stated in the form a question. It does not expect an answer. AT: "We will not listen to you or do this great evil, nor act treacherously against our God by marrying foreign women" +Nehemiah hit some of them with his hands. + +# I made them swear by God + +"I made them say a promise before God" + +# Did not Solomon king of Israel sin on account of these women? + +Nehemiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the men. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that Solomon king of Israel sinned on account of these women." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Should we then listen to you and do all this great evil, and act treacherously against our God by marrying foreign women? + +Nehemiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the men. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "We will not listen to you or do this great evil or act treacherously against our God by marrying foreign women." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/28.md b/neh/13/28.md index 04762ff95b..b039554a4a 100644 --- a/neh/13/28.md +++ b/neh/13/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Joiada ... Eliashib ... Sanballat -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the Horonite -* **Joiada...Eliashib...Sanballat** - These are names of males. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the Horonite** - This is a people group. (See: [[en:obe:other:peoplegroup]]) -* **Sanballat** - the sworn enemy of the Jews -* **physically removed him** - "physically dragged him out" -* **Call them to mind, my God** - "My God, remember these people and what I have done*" - For the third time, Nehemiah is giving an account of the things he did to make sure that the Law was followed. He asks God to remember his deeds. +This refers to a person from the city of Beth Horon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I caused him to flee from my presence + +"I chased him away" or "I made him leave Jerusalem" + +# Call them to mind + +"Think about them" or "Remember what they have done." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Nehemiah 13:14](./12.md). + +# they have defiled the priesthood, and the covenant of the priesthood and the Levites + +Causing the priesthood to be dishonored and breaking the covenant is spoken of as if they made the priesthood and covenant physically unclean. AT: "they have dishonored the priesthood and broken the covenant you made with the priests and Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/30.md b/neh/13/30.md index 3eb6befec8..fa4b97fd20 100644 --- a/neh/13/30.md +++ b/neh/13/30.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Thus I cleansed them -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"In this way I purified them" -## translationNotes +# established the duties of the priests and the Levites -* **Thus I cleansed them** - "In this way I purified them" -* **the duties** - "the responsibilities" -* **I provided for the wood offering** - "I arranged for a supply of wood for the wood offerings" -* **for the firstfruits** - "for the offering of firstfruits at harvest time" -* **Call me to mind, my God, for good** - "My God, remember me for good." One last time, Nehemiah is giving an account of the things he did to make sure that the Law was followed. This is not directed to the people, but directed to God. He asks God to remember his deeds. (See: [[en:bible:notes:neh:13:12]] and [[en:bible:notes:neh:13:21]] and [[en:bible:notes:neh:13:28]]) +"told the priests and Levites what they were to do" + +# I provided for the wood offering + +"I arranged for a supply of wood for the wood offerings" + +# for the firstfruits + +"for the offering of firstfruits at harvest time" + +# Call me to mind, my God, for good + +"Think about all I have done, my God, and bless me because of the good things I have done." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Nehemiah 13:14](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/intro.md b/neh/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8789eb8322 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Nehemiah 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem ##### + +Nehemiah was eager to make sure that the Jews kept their promise to obey the law. When he returned from Persia, he found many things wrong: one of the store rooms in the temple had been converted into a guest room for Tobiah, the Levites had not received their portions for working in the temple, people were working on the Sabbath, and many had married heathen wives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/front/intro.md b/neh/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba038654d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# Introduction to Nehemiah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Nehemiah #### + +1. Nehemiah's return to Jerusalem + - How Nehemiah receives permission to return to Jerusalem (1:1–2:8) + - Nehemiah begins to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem (2:9–2:20) +1. Rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem + - Beginning at the Sheep Gate and attracting notice of enemies (3:1–32) + - Sanballat and Tobiah threaten to stop the work on the walls (4:1–12) + - The work proceeds under Nehemiah's leadership (4:13–23) +1. Nehemiah addresses mistreatment of the poor and provides an example of unselfishness (5:1–19) +1. Samaritans seek to slow the work of rebuilding the walls, but the walls are completed in fifty-two days (6:1–19) +1. A repeat of the counting of the people (7:6–70) +1. The renewal of the covenant with Yahweh (10:1–39) +1. A counting of the Jewish leaders in the region (11:1–36) +1. A counting of the priests and Levites (12:1–26) +1. The dedication of the walls of Jerusalem (12:27–47) +1. Correcting abuses and bringing reforms (13:1–31) + +#### What is Nehemiah about? #### + +Nehemiah's mission was to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah received a report about the condition of the wall around Jerusalem. In those times, the city wall was essential to the protection of the city against armies and invaders. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +It is suggested that translators use a self-explanatory title or follow the regional or the national language versions of the Bible. "Nehemiah" is named for the events of the book which focus on the leadership of Nehemiah. It is likely that the books of Ezra and Nehemiah were originally one book but were separated. One possible title is "The Book about Nehemiah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why were Israelites not allowed to marry people from other nations? #### + +Yahweh knew that marry foreign wives would cause the people of Israel to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Did all of the people of Israel return to their homeland? #### + +Most of the people remained in Babylon and did not return to the Promised Land. They had a life in Babylon and desired to remain there but the were not able to sacrifice in the temple. The remnant who returned to Israel were very faithful because they returned. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +#### What was the religious environment like upon the people's return to Israel? #### + +Although the people returning to Israel committed significant sins, the word of God always brought them to repentance and restored their relationship with Yahweh. In addition to this, the religion of Israel became less centered on the temple and its sacrifices. The building of the walls in Ezra and Nehemiah show the separation of Israel from the world around it both physically and spiritually. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term Israel? #### + +Israel is used in many different ways in Scripture. The descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group is also the nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, which is a reference to the "kingdom of Israel." Nehemiah uses the term "Israel" to refer to the kingdom of Judah, since the people from the kingdom of Israel have lost their identity through intermarriage. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/israel]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/kingdomofisrael]]) + +#### Is the book in chronological order? #### + +No, there are parts of Nehemiah that do not follow a strict chronological sequence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/01.md b/num/01/01.md index ebf6d075ca..96e2dd4500 100644 --- a/num/01/01.md +++ b/num/01/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:census]] -* [[en:tw:census|census]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:sinai|Sinai, Mount Sinai]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## translationNotes +# the first day of the second month -* **Count them by name** - AT: "Count every single one of them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **record the number of men in their armed groups** - This refers to assigning the men to their military divisions. +"the 1st day of the 2nd month." This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the second year + +"the 2nd year" or "year 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Count them by name + +This means to count the men by recording their names. AT: "Count them, recording each man's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twenty years old + +"20 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# record the number of men in their armed groups + +This refers to assigning the men to their military divisions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/04.md b/num/01/04.md index 59fca1c3b0..8d1eeeebe3 100644 --- a/num/01/04.md +++ b/num/01/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a clan head -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +"a leader of a clan" -## translationNotes +# serve with you -* **a clan head** - AT: "a leader of a clan" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"help you" + +# Elizur ... Shedeur ... Shelumiel ... Zurishaddai + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/07.md b/num/01/07.md index 3c1e19c10b..e277832c0a 100644 --- a/num/01/07.md +++ b/num/01/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. +Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/10.md b/num/01/10.md index a1f7884abf..e277832c0a 100644 --- a/num/01/10.md +++ b/num/01/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. +Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/12.md b/num/01/12.md index d29075f4f1..e277832c0a 100644 --- a/num/01/12.md +++ b/num/01/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. -* There are no notes for this chunk. +Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/16.md b/num/01/16.md index b46a4f4712..b2cc73a1e4 100644 --- a/num/01/16.md +++ b/num/01/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the men appointed -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the men appointed** - AT: "the men whom Yahweh appointed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the men whom Yahweh appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/17.md b/num/01/17.md index 63412b7beb..d543ac6b24 100644 --- a/num/01/17.md +++ b/num/01/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# took these men -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"gathered these men together" -## translationNotes +# who were recorded by name -* **took these men** - "gathered these men together" -* **who were recorded by name** - AT: "whose names they had recorded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Then each man...identified his ancestry. He had to name the clans and families descended from his ancestors** - The second sentence means basically the same thing as the first and is added for clarification. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He had to name** - AT: "Each man had to say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose names they had recorded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the first day of the second month + +"the 1st day of the 2nd month." This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Then each man ... identified his ancestry. He had to name the clans and families descended from his ancestors + +The second sentence means basically the same thing as the first and is added for clarification. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He had to name + +Here "name" means to "say." AT: "Each man had to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/20.md b/num/01/20.md index 8d2d31c455..a4a19fde89 100644 --- a/num/01/20.md +++ b/num/01/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they counted all the names" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# able to go to war -* **were counted all the names** - AT: "they counted all the names" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **46,500 men** - AT: "forty-six thousand, five hundred men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"who was able to go to war" + +# 46,500 men + +"forty-six thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/22.md b/num/01/22.md index b8d275ca07..d1d7ceb613 100644 --- a/num/01/22.md +++ b/num/01/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 59,300 men -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"fifty-nine thousand three hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/24.md b/num/01/24.md index 5a8ffc69b4..fd55ec929e 100644 --- a/num/01/24.md +++ b/num/01/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 45,650 men -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/26.md b/num/01/26.md index 5dd29bc5e7..7cd96bb936 100644 --- a/num/01/26.md +++ b/num/01/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 74,600 men -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"seventy-four thousand six hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/28.md b/num/01/28.md index 76083da872..e1829190d8 100644 --- a/num/01/28.md +++ b/num/01/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 54,400 men -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"fifty-four thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/30.md b/num/01/30.md index 15a7c72cde..698e5afd80 100644 --- a/num/01/30.md +++ b/num/01/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 57,400 men -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"fifty-seven thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/32.md b/num/01/32.md index 72538f3f66..a0bd757c13 100644 --- a/num/01/32.md +++ b/num/01/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 40,500 men -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"forty thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/34.md b/num/01/34.md index a9e9e3f2bd..eafbf3e314 100644 --- a/num/01/34.md +++ b/num/01/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 32,200 men -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"thirty-two thousand two hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/36.md b/num/01/36.md index ef83931750..dee49bfcfb 100644 --- a/num/01/36.md +++ b/num/01/36.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:family]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 35,400 men -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"thirty-five thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/38.md b/num/01/38.md index eac9d0c916..0d6f29f524 100644 --- a/num/01/38.md +++ b/num/01/38.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# They counted 62,700 -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"They counted sixty-two thousand seven hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/40.md b/num/01/40.md index 30ac293909..36158a7646 100644 --- a/num/01/40.md +++ b/num/01/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# They counted 41,500 -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"They counted forty-one thousand five hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/42.md b/num/01/42.md index 5244fd9daf..94d193bae8 100644 --- a/num/01/42.md +++ b/num/01/42.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# They counted 53,400 -* **were counted all the names...clans and families** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:01:20]]. +"They counted fifty-three thousand four hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/44.md b/num/01/44.md index 47a4628072..7c97f37659 100644 --- a/num/01/44.md +++ b/num/01/44.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# So all the men of Israel ... were counted in each of their families -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "So they counted all the men of Israel ... in each of their families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 603,550 men -* **were counted** - AT: "Moses and Aaron counted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/47.md b/num/01/47.md index df605c4a01..93c5a13bae 100644 --- a/num/01/47.md +++ b/num/01/47.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the men who were descended from Levi were not counted -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses and Aaron did not count the men who were descended from Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# who were descended from Levi -* **the men who were descended from Levi were not counted** - AT: "Moses and Aaron did not count the men who were descended from Levi" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +In some languages this is a passive verb. If needed, this can be written differently. AT: "who were from the tribe of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must not count the tribe of Levi + +Here the "tribe of Levi" refers to all of the men in the tribe of Levi. AT: "must not count the men of the tribe of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/50.md b/num/01/50.md index b390c1d4cb..7c88d35309 100644 --- a/num/01/50.md +++ b/num/01/50.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the tabernacle of the covenant decrees -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +The tabernacle was also called by this longer name because the ark with the law of God was placed inside it. -## translationNotes +# everything in it -* **everything in it** - Here the word "it" refers to the tabernacle. +Here "it" refers to the tabernacle. + +# The Levites must carry the tabernacle + +It was their job to carry the tabernacle when they traveled. AT: "When you travel, the Levites must carry the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# make their camp around it + +This means that they were to set up their tents around the tabernacle. AT: "set up their tents around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/51.md b/num/01/51.md index 5ed28d14cc..f85cbdde0a 100644 --- a/num/01/51.md +++ b/num/01/51.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When the tabernacle is to be set up -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When it is time to set up the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Any stranger ... must be killed -* **When the tabernacle is to be set up** - AT: "When it is time to set up the tabernacle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **any stranger...must be killed** - AT: "any stranger...must die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **near the banner** - A "banner" is a large flag. -* **his armed group** - "his military division" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Any stranger ... must die" or "You must kill any stranger who comes near the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the banner + +a large flag + +# his armed group + +"his military division" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/53.md b/num/01/53.md index 1000c8cdad..7f26421b05 100644 --- a/num/01/53.md +++ b/num/01/53.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the tabernacle of the covenant decrees -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The tabernacle was also called by this longer name because the ark with the law of God was placed inside it. See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:50](./50.md). -## translationNotes +# so that my anger does not come upon the people of Israel -* **so that my anger does not fall on the people of Israel** - AT: "so that I will not punish the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here Yahweh speaks of not punishing the Israelites as his anger not coming upon them. The phrase "come upon" refers to his anger being applied to them. AT: "so that in my anger I do not punish the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh commanded through Moses + +Yahweh had commanded Moses everything that the Israelites were to do, and then Moses had commanded the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/intro.md b/num/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8ded895b42 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or lists. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:5-15, which is an extended list. + +##### Census ##### + +They counted how many men of military age were in each tribe of Israel. These men would also become the heads of families. It is possible the numbers in this chapter are rounded to the nearest 100. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Numbers intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/01.md b/num/02/01.md index ef11dc7537..84897c226a 100644 --- a/num/02/01.md +++ b/num/02/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# around his standard -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The "standards" were four larger groups that the tribes were divided into. Each standard was commanded to camp together. The standards was represented by a banner. -## translationNotes +# with the banners of their fathers' houses -* **banner** - A “banner” is a large flag. -* **his armed group** - “his military division” +Each extended family also had a banner under with the camp, which was within the area designated for their standard. + +# banners + +A banner is a large flag. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/03.md b/num/02/03.md index 516cd68c16..9ba63da270 100644 --- a/num/02/03.md +++ b/num/02/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# under their standard -* [[en:tw:judah]] +The "standards" were four larger groups that the tribes were divided into. Each standard was commanded to camp together, and was represented by a banner. See how you translated "standards" in [Numbers 2:2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# Nahshon son of Amminadab -* **74,600 men ** - AT: "seventy-four thousand, six hundred men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:7](../01/07.md). + +# 74,600 + +"seventy-four thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/05.md b/num/02/05.md index 47427ab498..67b5fe9484 100644 --- a/num/02/05.md +++ b/num/02/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:issachar]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Nethanel son of Zuar -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:8](../01/07.md). + +# division + +This is a military term for a large group of soldiers. Each tribe was its own "division." + +# 54,400 men + +"fifty-four thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/07.md b/num/02/07.md index 726731feeb..85394cbc3a 100644 --- a/num/02/07.md +++ b/num/02/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Eliab son of Helon -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:9](../01/07.md). + +# 57,400 + +"fifty-seven thousand four hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "57,400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/09.md b/num/02/09.md index 4c88e995a7..08eacc426a 100644 --- a/num/02/09.md +++ b/num/02/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# All the number ... is 186,400 -* [[en:tw:judah]] +"All the number ... is one hundred and eighty-six thousand four hundred." This number includes all of the men in the tribes that camped under the standard of Judah. AT: "The number of the men camped under the standard of Judah is 186,400" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# They will set out first -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This means that they will set out first when the Israelite camp moves. AT: "When travelling, they will set out first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# first + +"1st" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/10.md b/num/02/10.md index 9faf2322c7..875da0703d 100644 --- a/num/02/10.md +++ b/num/02/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# under their standard -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +The "standards" were four larger groups that the tribes were divided into. Each standard was commanded to camp together. The standards were represented by a banner. See how you translated "standards" in [Numbers 2:2](./01.md). + +# Elizur son of Shedeur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:5](../01/04.md). + +# 46,500 + +"forty-six thousand five hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "46,500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/12.md b/num/02/12.md index 44c98b31e4..73b2ff6369 100644 --- a/num/02/12.md +++ b/num/02/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:6](../01/04.md). + +# 59,300 + +"Fifty-nine thousand three hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "59,300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/14.md b/num/02/14.md index 0e272aa3e5..a0ef0ce7dd 100644 --- a/num/02/14.md +++ b/num/02/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gad]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Eliasaph son of Deuel -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:14](../01/12.md). + +# 45,650 + +"forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty." This refers to the number of men. AT: "45,650 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/16.md b/num/02/16.md index 9faf2322c7..4c7cb2130e 100644 --- a/num/02/16.md +++ b/num/02/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The number of all the men ... is 151,450 -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +"The number of all the men ... is one hundred and fifty-one thousand four hundred and fifty." This number includes all of the men in the tribes that camped under the standard of Reuben. AT: "The number of all the men camped under the standard of Reuben, according to their divisions, is 151,450" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# second -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"2nd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/17.md b/num/02/17.md index 715b26c016..0a71129af7 100644 --- a/num/02/17.md +++ b/num/02/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the tent of meeting must go out ... in the middle of all the camps -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +This means that the tent of meeting must be carried by the Levites in the middle of the tribes as they travel. -## translationNotes +# They must go out -* **They must go out** - Here the word "They" refers to the twelve tribes. +"They" refers to the twelve tribes. + +# by his banner + +Each man does not have his own personal banner; rather, this refers to the banner belonging to his tribe. AT: "by his tribe's banner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/18.md b/num/02/18.md index d28d10247d..ba2cc8a98c 100644 --- a/num/02/18.md +++ b/num/02/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# under their standard -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +The "standards" were four larger groups that the tribes were divided into. Each standard was commanded to camp together. The standards were represented by a banner. See how you translated "standards" in [Numbers 2:2](./01.md). + +# 40,500 + +"Forty thousand five hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "40,500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/20.md b/num/02/20.md index 3b46a71ef1..9cebe3155d 100644 --- a/num/02/20.md +++ b/num/02/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Next to them -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This means that the tribe of Manasseh will set out next, after the tribe of Ephraim. + +# 32,200 + +"Thirty-two thousand two hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "32,200 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/22.md b/num/02/22.md index 80a77cc6f1..a54e95d3d4 100644 --- a/num/02/22.md +++ b/num/02/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Abidan son of Gideoni -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:11](../01/10.md). + +# 35,400 + +"Thirty-five thousand four hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "35,400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/24.md b/num/02/24.md index d28d10247d..57c80cdbdf 100644 --- a/num/02/24.md +++ b/num/02/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# All those numbered ... 108,100 -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"All those numbered ... one hundred and eight thousand one hundred." This number includes all of the men in the tribes that camped under the standard of Ephraim. AT: "The number of the men camped under the standard of Ephraim is 108,100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# third + +"3rd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/25.md b/num/02/25.md index b34aa0aedd..32300d33ca 100644 --- a/num/02/25.md +++ b/num/02/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the divisions of the camp of Dan -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +The this refers to the divisions of Dan, Asher, and Naphthali that are under the standard of Dan. AT: "the divisions that camp under the standard of Dan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# 62,700 + +"Sixty-two thousand seven hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "62,700 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/27.md b/num/02/27.md index 3961c67bbc..da8e851c6a 100644 --- a/num/02/27.md +++ b/num/02/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Pagiel son of Okran -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# 41,500 + +"forty-one thousand five hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "41,500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/29.md b/num/02/29.md index 6bd858d76d..2e51b5af69 100644 --- a/num/02/29.md +++ b/num/02/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Ahira son of Enan -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:15](../01/12.md). + +# 53,400 + +"fifty-three thousand four hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "53,400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/31.md b/num/02/31.md index e0d529bc23..055044f3ba 100644 --- a/num/02/31.md +++ b/num/02/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dan]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# All those numbered ... 157,600 -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"All those numbered ... one hundred and fifty-seven thousand six hundred." This number includes all of the men in the tribes that camped under the standard of Dan. AT: "The number of the men camped under the standard of Dan is 157,600" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/32.md b/num/02/32.md index 2fbacc073f..3fafcbc8ae 100644 --- a/num/02/32.md +++ b/num/02/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# All those counted -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses and Aaron counted them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# by their divisions -* **by their ancestor’s clans** - Here the word "their" refers to the people of Israel. +Here "their" refers to the people of Israel. + +# are 603,550 + +"are six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/34.md b/num/02/34.md index 0ea723bc09..49075b4da7 100644 --- a/num/02/34.md +++ b/num/02/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# They went out from the camp -* [[en:tw:family]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This refers to when they would travel to another place. AT: "When they traveled, they went out from the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/intro.md b/num/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d008eee5e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Camping ##### + +Moses told each tribe where to camp. They were each given a specific area in which to stay. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/01.md b/num/03/01.md index 67f4e08a13..1cb2bd27bc 100644 --- a/num/03/01.md +++ b/num/03/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the author uses the word "now" to shift to telling a new historical account. -## translationNotes +# Nadab the firstborn -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"Nadab, who was the firstborn" + +# Nadab ... Abihu ... Ithamar + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/03.md b/num/03/03.md index 3434401197..8886268fe1 100644 --- a/num/03/03.md +++ b/num/03/03.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the priests who were anointed and who were ordained -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:ordain]] -* [[en:tw:ordain|ordain]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] +This can be stated in active form AT: "the priests whom Moses anointed and ordained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Nadab ... Abihu ... Ithamar -* **the priests who were anointed and who were ordained** - AT: "the priests whom Moses anointed and ordained" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fell dead before Yahweh** - AT: "died suddenly in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they offered to him unacceptable fire** - AT: "they burned an incense offering to Yahweh in an improper way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 3:2](./01.md). + +# fell dead before Yahweh + +The phrase "fell dead" means to suddenly die. AT: "suddenly died before Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# before Yahweh + +This refers to Yahweh's presence, meaning that Yahweh saw everything that happened. AT: "in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they offered to him unacceptable fire + +Here the word "fire" is used to refer to "burning incense." AT: "they burned an incense offering in a way that Yahweh did not approve of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/05.md b/num/03/05.md index b7c0fec028..0b4aa18016 100644 --- a/num/03/05.md +++ b/num/03/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Bring the tribe of Levi -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Bring the tribe of Levi** - AT: "Bring the men of the tribe of Levi" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "tribe" refers to the men in the tribe. AT: "Bring the men of the tribe of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/07.md b/num/03/07.md index 5a04db6a93..fe308d82b2 100644 --- a/num/03/07.md +++ b/num/03/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# on behalf of -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +"for." This means to do something for someone else, as a representative for them. -## translationNotes +# help the tribes of Israel -* **help the tribes of Israel** - AT: "help the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to carry out the tabernacle service** - "to perform the tabernacle service" +Here the "tribes of Israel" refer to the people of Israel. AT: "help the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they must help the tribes of Israel to carry out the tabernacle service + +The phrase "carry out" means to "serve." AT: "they must help the tribes of Israel by serving in the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# tabernacle service + +"work of the tabernacle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/09.md b/num/03/09.md index ac7f7c8cf3..b60ef957a2 100644 --- a/num/03/09.md +++ b/num/03/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You must give -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"You" refers to Moses. -## translationNotes +# They are wholly given -* **You must give** - Here the word "You" refers to Moses. -* **They are wholly given** - AT: "I have given them entirely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but any foreigner who comes near** - AT: "but any foreigner who comes near the tabernacle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **must be put to death** - AT: "you must kill" or "must die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have given them entirely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# any foreigner who comes near must be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must kill any foreigner who comes near" or "any foreigner who comes near must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but any foreigner who comes near + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "but any foreigner who comes near the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/11.md b/num/03/11.md index 3e02c38e6e..ed2f9b6657 100644 --- a/num/03/11.md +++ b/num/03/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# I have taken the Levites -* **Look** - AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"I have chosen the Levites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/14.md b/num/03/14.md index 1bb0986e7a..7d744b1205 100644 --- a/num/03/14.md +++ b/num/03/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Count the descendants -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Yahweh was commanding Moses to only count the male descendants. AT: "Count the male descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# in their ancestor's houses -* **following the directions given to them by Yahweh’s word, as Yahweh commanded** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **given to them by Yahweh’s word** - AT: "that Yahweh had given to them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here their "ancestor's houses" means their "ancestor's households." This is a metonym for their "clans." AT: "by their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# following the word of Yahweh, just as he was commanded to do + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that he obeyed Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/17.md b/num/03/17.md index 08bf77fa91..41a293b6d6 100644 --- a/num/03/17.md +++ b/num/03/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] +This is a list of the descendants of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# The clans coming from -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Here the author speaks of "descending" as if it were "coming." AT: "The clans descending from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/21.md b/num/03/21.md index 99e36802ba..b88ebf7a9c 100644 --- a/num/03/21.md +++ b/num/03/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# come from Gershon -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +Here the author speaks of "descending" as if it were "coming." AT: "descend from Gershon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Libnites ... Shimeites ... Gershonites -* **All the males from a month old and older were counted** - AT: "Moses counted all the males from a month old and older" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **totaling 7,500** - AT: "totaling seven thousand, five hundred" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"Libnites" and "Shimeites" are the name of clans, named after the head of their family. The "Gershonites" is the name of people who descended from Gershon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All the males from a month old and older were counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses counted all the males from a month old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 7,500 + +"seventy-five hundred" or "seven thousand five hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/24.md b/num/03/24.md index 6f25e86445..259aa2833b 100644 --- a/num/03/24.md +++ b/num/03/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Eliasaph ... Lael -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the courtyard hangings -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"the curtains in the courtyard" + +# the courtyard that surrounds the sanctuary and the altar + +"that is, the courtyard that surrounds the sanctuary and the altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/27.md b/num/03/27.md index 0ec0b5a28b..e2cfbaa487 100644 --- a/num/03/27.md +++ b/num/03/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] +This is a list of clans that descended from Kohath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Kohath -* **8,600 males have been counted** - AT: "Moses counted 8,600 males" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **8,600 males** - AT: "Eight thousand, six hundred males" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](./17.md). + +# 8,600 males have been counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses counted 8,600 males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 8,600 males + +"eight thousand six hundred males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# aged one month old and older + +"from a month old and older" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/30.md b/num/03/30.md index 1934a3b6a0..a41df66e9c 100644 --- a/num/03/30.md +++ b/num/03/30.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +These verses give us information about the clans that descended from Kohath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the holy things that are used in their service -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the holy things which the priests use for service" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/33.md b/num/03/33.md index 392f42cd4e..84004092ce 100644 --- a/num/03/33.md +++ b/num/03/33.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This is a list of clans that descended from Merari. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# 6,200 males have been counted -* **6,200 males have been counted** - AT: "Moses counted 6,200 males" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **6,200 males** - AT: "Six thousand, two hundred males" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses counted 6,200 males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 6,200 males + +"six thousand two hundred males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/36.md b/num/03/36.md index 0517e3a3e2..a577443926 100644 --- a/num/03/36.md +++ b/num/03/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the framing -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +This to the panels that they made by joining together smaller pieces of wood. -## translationNotes +# crossbars -* **with their sockets** - Here the word "their" refers to the "pillars and posts." +These are support beams that give stability to the structure. + +# posts + +A post is a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support. + +# bases + +The bases held the posts in place. + +# hardware + +This means everything used to join the crossbars, posts, and bases together. + +# with their sockets + +Here "their" refers to the "pillars and posts." + +# sockets, pegs, and ropes + +These are all items used secure the pillars and posts into place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/38.md b/num/03/38.md index a8c5f7c100..f3221ac7fa 100644 --- a/num/03/38.md +++ b/num/03/38.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his sons -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "his" refers to Aaron -## translationNotes +# toward the sunrise -* **his sons** - Here the word "his" refers to Aaron. -* **for the fulfillment of the duties** - AT: "to perform the duties" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **must be put to death** - AT: "you must kill" or "must die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **twenty-two thousand men** - two thousand men** - AT: "22,000 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This is the east side of the tabernacle. AT: "on the east side, where the sun rises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for the fulfillment of the duties + +The word "fulfilment" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as a verb. AT: "to perform the duties" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Any foreigner who approaches the sanctuary must be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must kill any foreigner who approaches the sanctuary" or "Any foreigner who approaches the sanctuary must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# twenty-two thousand men + +"22,000 men" or "22,000 males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/40.md b/num/03/40.md index 2b5fe7df44..0e0ebe3757 100644 --- a/num/03/40.md +++ b/num/03/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the livestock of the Levites -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This refers to all the Levites' livestock. AT: "you must take all the Levites' livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/42.md b/num/03/42.md index 945e34f475..6b77b46676 100644 --- a/num/03/42.md +++ b/num/03/42.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all the firstborn people +"all the firstborn sons" -## translationNotes +# 22,273 men -* **22,273 men** - AT: "twenty-two thousand, two hundred seventy-three men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"twenty-two thousand two hundred and seventy-three men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/44.md b/num/03/44.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e0f63860d..0000000000 --- a/num/03/44.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. diff --git a/num/03/46.md b/num/03/46.md index 645ebfa4ac..f8917dc0bb 100644 --- a/num/03/46.md +++ b/num/03/46.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# for the redemption of -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +The noun "redemption" can be translated with the verb "redeem." AT: "to redeem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# 273 firstborn -* **five shekels** - A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: “about 55 grams of silver” (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]] and [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **the 273 firstborn** - AT: "the two hundred and seventy-three firstborn" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **twenty gerahs** - (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +"two hundred and seventy-three firstborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# firstborn people of Israel + +"firstborn sons of Israel" + +# five shekels + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 55 grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# who exceed the number of the Levites + +This means that there are 273 more firstborn males among the other tribes of the Israelites than there are total number of Levite males. + +# You must use the shekel of the sanctuary as your standard weight + +This means that the shekel must weight the same as those in the sanctuary. AT: "You must use the weight of the shekels in the sanctuary as your stand weight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twenty gerahs + +"20 gerahs." A gerah is a unit of weight equal to about .57 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# the price of redemption that you paid + +Here the word "price" refers to the shekels that Moses collected. AT: "the money that you collected for their redemption" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/49.md b/num/03/49.md index 26212c2c10..42a3264572 100644 --- a/num/03/49.md +++ b/num/03/49.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# of redemption from -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The noun "redemption" can be translated with the verb "redeem." AT: "to redeem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# 1,365 shekels -* **1,365 shekels** - AT: "about 15 kilograms of silver" (See [[en:obe:other:biblicalweight]] and [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **and to his sons** - Here the word "his" refers to Aaron -* **he was told to do by Yahweh’s word, as Yahweh had commanded him** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **he was told to do by Yahweh’s word** - AT: "that Yahweh had told him to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"one thousand three hundred and sixty-five shekels." A shekel is 11 grams. AT: "about 15 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# the redemption money + +This refers to the money that Moses collected. + +# to his sons + +Here "his" refers to Aaron + +# he was told to do by Yahweh's word, as Yahweh had commanded him + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he was told to do by Yahweh's word + +Here "Yahweh's word" refers to Yahweh who spoke to Moses. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh had told him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/intro.md b/num/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2845519dce --- /dev/null +++ b/num/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### The tribe of Levi ##### + +The Levites were given a special function in Israel. They belonged to or were specially dedicated to serve Yahweh. They were to be priests and because of this were held to a higher standard than the rest of Israel. Only one of Aaron's sons survived because the others offered improper sacrifices. This tribe had a lot of responsibility during this time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/01.md b/num/04/01.md index 65860a6817..466057dedb 100644 --- a/num/04/01.md +++ b/num/04/01.md @@ -1,30 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Kohath -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:census]] -* [[en:tw:census|census]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve, service]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). -## translationNotes +# thirty to fifty years old -* **thirty to fifty years old** - AT: "30 to 50 years old" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **join the company** - The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. -* **reserved for me** - AT: "that I have set apart for myself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"30 to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# join the company + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. + +# reserved for me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have specially selected for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/05.md b/num/04/05.md index 50218bd102..01e9d6a63b 100644 --- a/num/04/05.md +++ b/num/04/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# When the camp prepares -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:seacow]] -* [[en:tw:seacow|Sea cow]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +Here "camp" refers to all of the people in the camp. AT: "When the people prepare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to move forward -* **When the camp prepares to move forward** - AT: "When the people prepare to move forward" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **insert the poles** - AT: "insert the poles into the rings on the ark's sides" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This refers to the people moving to another location. AT: "to move to another location" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cover the ark of the testimony with it + +The word "it" refers to the curtain that separated the most holy place from the holy place. + +# insert the poles + +The poles were inserted into rings on the sides of the ark so that the poles could be used to carry the ark. This can be stated clearly. AT: "insert the poles into the rings on the ark's sides" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/07.md b/num/04/07.md index 7f8b89551e..94ae71f1e7 100644 --- a/num/04/07.md +++ b/num/04/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the bread of the presence -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread of the presence, bread]] +This bread represents the presence of Yahweh. AT: "the bread of Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# On it they must put -* **On it they must put** - Here the word "it" refers to the "blue cloth." -* **bowls, and jars for pouring** - AT: "bowls and jars used to pour out drink offerings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **They must cover them** - Here the word "them" refers to "the dishes, spoons, bowls, and jars." -* **scarlet cloth** - "red cloth" +Here "it" refers to the blue cloth. + +# bowls, and jars for pouring + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "bowls and jars used to pour out drink offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They must cover them + +Here them refers to "the dishes, spoons, bowls, and jars." + +# Bread must always continue to be + +There must always be bread" + +# scarlet cloth + +"red cloth" + +# insert poles + +The poles were inserted into rings on the corners of the table so that the poles could be used to carry the table. This can be stated clearly. AT: "insert poles into the rings at the corners of the table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/09.md b/num/04/09.md index 1ac1d0b19a..9c577eb3d2 100644 --- a/num/04/09.md +++ b/num/04/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They must put ... into a covering of sea cow skins -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand|lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] +"They must cover ... with sea cow skins" -## translationNotes +# they must put it on a carrying frame -* **They must put...into a covering of sea cow skins** - "They must cover...with sea cow skins" +"they must place all of these things on a frame for carrying them" + +# insert the carrying poles + +The poles were inserted into rings on the sides of the altar so theys could be used to carry it. This can be stated clearly. AT: "insert the carrying poles into the rings one the sides of the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/12.md b/num/04/12.md index 24a7d93422..6799b0f8c6 100644 --- a/num/04/12.md +++ b/num/04/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the carrying frame -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:seacow]] +a wooden rectangle made with poles used to carry things -## translationNotes +# for the work in the holy place -* **for the work in the sanctuary** - AT: "used when serving Yahweh in the sanctuary" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +The word "work" is an abstract noun that can be expressed with the verb "serving." AT: "used when serving Yahweh in the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the work of the altar + +The word "work" is an abstract noun that can be expressed with the verb "serving." AT: "when serving at the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# insert the carrying poles + +The poles were inserted into rings on the sides of the altar so they could be used to carry it. This can be stated clearly. AT: "insert the carrying poles into the rings on the sides of the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/15.md b/num/04/15.md index 63f2f2095c..cc6eaea435 100644 --- a/num/04/15.md +++ b/num/04/15.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# to carry the holy place -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering|grain offering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Here the holy place refers to all the items that make up the holy place that Aaron and his sons covered in cloth and skins. AT: "to carry all of the items of the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# when the camp moves forward -* **when the camp moves forward** - AT: "when the people move forward" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the holy instruments** - "the holy equipment" -* **the oil for the light** - AT: "the oil for the lamp" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "camp" refers to all of the people in the camp. AT: "when the people move forward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kohath + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). + +# the holy instruments + +"the holy equipment" + +# the oil for the light + +Here the word "light" is used to refer to the "lamps." AT: "the oil for the lamps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the care of + +Here the abstract noun "care" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "those who care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/17.md b/num/04/17.md index 237e04c0e4..dcaef39740 100644 --- a/num/04/17.md +++ b/num/04/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Kohathites -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the descendants of Kohath. See how you translated this in [Numbers 3:27](../03/27.md). -## translationNotes +# to be removed from among the Levites -* **to be removed from among the Levites** - This phrase refers to the death of the Kohathites. AT: "to perish from among the Levites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **by doing this** - This phrase refers to what is said next. (i.e. "they must not go in to see...") -* **to his work, to his special tasks** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This phrase refers to the death of the Kohathites. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to do anything that will cause me to completely remove them from among the Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by doing this + +This phrase refers to what Yahweh says next. Moses will protect the Kohathites by not allowing them to go in and see the holy place. + +# to his work, to his special tasks + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/21.md b/num/04/21.md index 8be5d1751b..fde9617acf 100644 --- a/num/04/21.md +++ b/num/04/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# of the descendants of Gershon -* [[en:tw:census]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +This refers only to men. AT: "of the male descendants of Gershon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Gershon -* **thirty years old to fifty years old** - AT: “30 years old to 50 years old” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **join the company to serve in the tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:04:01]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). + +# thirty years old to fifty years old + +"30 years old to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# join the company to serve in the tent of meeting + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/24.md b/num/04/24.md index b90c7aa8c0..0e3090a676 100644 --- a/num/04/24.md +++ b/num/04/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This is the work of the clans ... when they serve and what they carry -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:seacow]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +This sentence is a description that tells us what the following verses are about. This sentence may end in a colon instead of a period, as in the UDB. -## translationNotes +# Gershonites -* **Whatever should be done with these things** - AT: "Whatever work that these things require" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to the descendants of Gershon. See how you translated this in [Numbers 3:21](../03/21.md). + +# the covering of sea cow skin that is on it + +This is an outer covering that is placed on top of the tent of meeting's covering. AT: "the covering of sea cow skin that is placed on top of that" or "the outer covering made of sea cow skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Whatever should be done with these things + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Whatever work that these things require" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/27.md b/num/04/27.md index 736ab99738..714cba4deb 100644 --- a/num/04/27.md +++ b/num/04/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# direct -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +"supervise" -## translationNotes +# This is the service of the clans of the descendants of the Gershonites for the tent of meeting -* **This is the service of the clans of the descendants of the Gershonites for the tent of meeting** - Here the word "This" refers to what Yahweh just said. AT: "This is how the clans of the descendants of the Gershonites will serve in the tent of meeting" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Here the word "service" is an abstract noun that can be expressed by a verb. Here the word "This" refers to what Yahweh just said. AT: "This is how the clans of the descendants of the Gershonites will serve in the tent of meeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Ithamar + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:2](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/29.md b/num/04/29.md index 9e00fba961..da8e1a6c2e 100644 --- a/num/04/29.md +++ b/num/04/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the descendants of Merari -* [[en:tw:family]] +This refers only to men. AT: "the male descendants of Merari" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Merari -* **thirty years old...fifty years old** - AT: "30 years old...50 years old" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **join the company to serve in the tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:04:01]]. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). + +# order them + +"list them" + +# thirty years old ... fifty years old + +"30 years old ... 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# join the company and serve in the tent of meeting + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/31.md b/num/04/31.md index 95b36e41ac..66d34436a4 100644 --- a/num/04/31.md +++ b/num/04/31.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# This is their responsibility -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +"This" refers to what Yahweh says next. -## translationNotes +# their sockets, pegs, and their ropes, with all their hardware -* **This is their responsibility** - Here the word "This" refers to what Yahweh says next. -* **their sockets, pegs, and their ropes, with all their hardware** - Here the word "their" refers to "the posts of the court." +Here "their" refers to the posts of the court. + +# crossbars, posts, and sockets ... and their ropes + +These are all parts of the framing of the tabernacle. See how you translated all of these parts in [Numbers 4:31-32](./31.md). + +# List by name the articles they must carry + +"List by each man's name the articles he must carry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/33.md b/num/04/33.md index 9755803b33..036cc4b82a 100644 --- a/num/04/33.md +++ b/num/04/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +The word "direction" is an abstract noun that is expressed by a verb. AT: "as Ithamar son of Aaron the priest directs them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Ithamar -* **under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest** - AT: "as Ithamar son of Aaron the priest directs them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:2](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/34.md b/num/04/34.md index 2bca870734..9a6185d337 100644 --- a/num/04/34.md +++ b/num/04/34.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the descendants of the Kohathites -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +The refers to men. AT: "the male descendants of the Kohathites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Kohathites -* **thirty years old...fifty years old** - AT: "30 years old...50 years old" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **join the company to serve in the tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:04:01]]. -* **2750 men** - AT: "two thousand, seven hundred and fifty men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This refers to the descendants of Kohath. See how you translated this in [Numbers 3:27](../03/27.md). + +# thirty years old ... fifty years old + +"30 years old ... 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# everyone who would join the company + +Here the word "would" does not mean that the men "chose" to join the company but rather that they were "assigned" to the company. AT: "everyone who was assigned to join the company" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# join the company to serve in the tent of meeting + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](./01.md). + +# 2,750 men + +"two thousand seven hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/37.md b/num/04/37.md deleted file mode 100644 index 59dec836bc..0000000000 --- a/num/04/37.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. diff --git a/num/04/38.md b/num/04/38.md index 1f45064a75..e74f501176 100644 --- a/num/04/38.md +++ b/num/04/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The descendants of Gershon -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +This refers to the men. AT: "The male descendants of Gershon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# The descendants of Gershon were counted -* **The descendants of Gershon were counted** - AT: "Moses and Aaron counted the descendants of Gershon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from thirty to fifty years old** - AT: "from 30 to 50 years old" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **join the company to serve in the tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:04:01]]. -* **counted by their clans** - AT: "whom Moses and Aaron counted by their clans" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses and Aaron counted the descendants of Gershon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from thirty to fifty years old + +"from 30 to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# everyone who would join the company + +Here the word "would" does not mean that the men "chose" to join the company but rather that they were "assigned" to the company. AT: "everyone who was assigned to join the company" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# join the company to serve in the tent of meeting + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](./01.md). + +# counted by their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Moses and Aaron counted by their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 2,630 + +"two thousand six hundred and thirty." This refers to 2,630 men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/41.md b/num/04/41.md index 9385cb5c04..2a9a6032a0 100644 --- a/num/04/41.md +++ b/num/04/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# they obeyed -* [[en:tw:serve]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +The word "they" refers to Moses and Aaron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/42.md b/num/04/42.md index 12e4f288f1..f63173a649 100644 --- a/num/04/42.md +++ b/num/04/42.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The descendants of Merari were counted -* [[en:tw:family]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses and Aaron counted the descendants of Merari" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# from thirty to fifty years old -* **The descendants of Merari were counted** - AT: “Moses and Aaron counted the descendants of Merari” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from thirty to fifty years old** - AT: “from 30 to 50 years old” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **join the company to serve in the tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:04:01]]. -* **counted by their clans** - AT: “whom Moses and Aaron counted by their clans” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"from 30 to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# everyone who would join the company + +Here the word "would" does not mean that the men "chose" to join the company but rather that they were "assigned" to the company. AT: "everyone who was assigned to join the company" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# join the company to serve in the tent of meeting + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](./01.md). + +# counted by their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Moses and Aaron counted by their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# numbered 3,200 + +"numbered three thousand two hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/45.md b/num/04/45.md index ef292cf453..2a9a6032a0 100644 --- a/num/04/45.md +++ b/num/04/45.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# they obeyed -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +The word "they" refers to Moses and Aaron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/46.md b/num/04/46.md index 13aa83c680..c10ed44c4f 100644 --- a/num/04/46.md +++ b/num/04/46.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# from thirty to fifty -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +This refers to men. AT: "men from thirty to fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# from thirty to fifty -* **from thirty to fifty** - AT: "from 30 to 50" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"from 30 to 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 8,580 men + +"eight thousand five hundred and eighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/49.md b/num/04/49.md index d119b80beb..078d2ea63a 100644 --- a/num/04/49.md +++ b/num/04/49.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# At Yahweh's command -* [[en:tw:assign]] +"As Yahweh commanded" -## translationNotes +# keeping count of each by the type ... He counted each man by the kind of responsibility he would bear -* **At Yahweh’s command** - "As Yahweh commanded" -* **he was assigned** - Here the word "he" refers to each man whom Moses counted. -* **they obeyed what Yahweh had commanded them** - Here the words "they" and "them" refer to Moses and Aaron. +These two phrase have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize how Moses counted all the men. + +# by the type of work he was assigned to do + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by his type of work assignment" or "by the type of work he had assigned each man to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he would bear + +"he would have" + +# they obeyed what Yahweh had commanded them + +Here "they" and "them" refer to Moses and Aaron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/intro.md b/num/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f23a55678 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Counting the Levites by clans ##### + +Moses gave special instructions for each of the families of the tribes of Levi. Each family was given a special role in the ministry of the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/01.md b/num/05/01.md index 997124b398..8f105e2f84 100644 --- a/num/05/01.md +++ b/num/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# infectious skin disease -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to leprosy, which is a sickness that affects the skin and easily spreads to other people. -## translationNotes +# oozing sore -* **infectious skin disease** - This refers to leprosy which is a sickness that affects the skin and easily spreads to other people. -* **oozing sore** - This can refer to an open cut that is leaking bodily fluids. -* **you must send** - Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +This refers to an open cut that is leaking fluids. + +# whoever is unclean through touching a dead body + +If a person touched a dead body they were considered unclean. A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you must send + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# The people of Israel did so + +This means that they sent the unclean people away. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "The people of Israel sent those who were unclean out of the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/05.md b/num/05/05.md index 0a761d9e32..26ff1d56b0 100644 --- a/num/05/05.md +++ b/num/05/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# any sin such as people do to one another -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +"any sin that people usually commit against one another" -## translationNotes +# is unfaithful to me -* **any sin such as people do to one another** - "any sin that people usually commit against one another" +If someone sins against another person, it means that they have also sinned against Yahweh and Yahweh considers that person as unfaithful to him. AT: "they have also wronged me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the price of his guilt + +Here the person's "sin" is referred to as his "guilt." AT: "what is considered a suitable amount of money for the wrong that he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# add to the price one-fifth more + +This means the person must pay an extra one-fifth of the price that he owes. + +# one-fifth + +This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/08.md b/num/05/08.md index 1e4aacb263..37422504d8 100644 --- a/num/05/08.md +++ b/num/05/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But if the wronged person has no close relative to receive the payment -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Usually the wronged person would receive the payment but if that person has died the payment goes to the closest relative. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "But if the wronged person has died and has no close relative to receive the payment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# if the wronged person -* **if the wronged person** - AT: "if the person whom the guilty person has wronged" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he must pay the price for his guilt...to atone for himself** - Here the words "he," "his," and "himself" refer to the guilty person. -* **Every offering presented** - AT: "Every offering that people present" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the things set aside for me by the people of Israel** - AT: "the things that the people of Israel set aside for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Every man’s holy things will belong to the priest. Whatever a man gives to the priest will belong to that priest** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if the person whom the guilty person has wronged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he must pay the price for his guilt to me through a priest + +If a person made a payment to a priest to pay for his guilt it was the same as if the person had made the payment to Yahweh. + +# to atone for himself + +The atonement is made for the man's sin. Here Yahweh refers to the man's sin as the man who committed it. AT: "to atone for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the things that are set aside and brought to the priest by the people of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that the people of Israel set aside and bring to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The offerings of every person will be for the priest; if anyone gives anything to the priest, it will belong to him + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and may be combined to state that the offerings that someone gives belong to the priest to whom they have been given. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/11.md b/num/05/11.md index 1a71d73fc4..c77bc0195d 100644 --- a/num/05/11.md +++ b/num/05/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Suppose that a man's wife turns away and sins against her husband -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is something that could possibly happen. Yahweh is telling Moses what to do if it does happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# a man's wife turns away -* **Suppose that a man’s wife turns away and sins against her husband** - This is something that could possibly happen. Yahweh is telling Moses what to do if it does happen. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +This means that she goes away from him and is unfaithful to him. AT: "a man's wife is unfaithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sins against her husband + +This means that she is unfaithful to her husband and and sins against him by sleeping with another man. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "sins against her husband by sleeping with another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/13.md b/num/05/13.md index 1f12b6025c..d7aa22e86e 100644 --- a/num/05/13.md +++ b/num/05/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then suppose that another man sleeps with her -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +"and another man sleeps with her." This sentence can be written as part of the previous sentence. This explains how she sinned against her husband. This is something that could possibly happen. Yahweh is telling Moses what to do if it does happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# she is defiled ... his wife is defiled ... his wife is not defiled -* **a spirit of jealousy might still inform the husband** - Here the word “spirit” refers to a person's attitude and emotions. AT: "the husband might feel jealous and become suspicious" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a spirit of jealousy might falsely come on a man** - AT: "a man might feel jealous for no reason" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "she has defiled herself ... his wife has defiled herself ... his wife has not defiled herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the act + +This refers to the act of adultery. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "in the act of adultery" or "sleeping with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a spirit of jealousy might still inform the husband + +Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude and emotions. His "jealously" is spoken of as if it were a person who spoke to him. AT: "the husband might feel jealous and become suspicious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a spirit of jealousy might falsely come on a man + +Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude and emotions. The idea of the spirit "coming on him" means that he began to have these jealous feelings. AT: "a man might feel jealous for no reason" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/15.md b/num/05/15.md index 7b71fcb0cd..d9a0a8f75c 100644 --- a/num/05/15.md +++ b/num/05/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a tenth -* [[en:tw:barley]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +This is one part out of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## translationNotes +# a tenth of an ephah -* **a tenth of an ephah of barley flour** - An "ephah" is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "about 2.2 liters of barley flour" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" or "2 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a grain offering of jealousy + +"a grain offering for jealousy" + +# indicator of sin + +An "indicator" is something that shows evidence of something. In this case, he made the offering to determine whether his wife had committed adultery or not. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/16.md b/num/05/16.md index 810f204b5b..66634d6116 100644 --- a/num/05/16.md +++ b/num/05/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# near and place her before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"in the presence of Yahweh." The priest would bring her near the altar. AT: "near the altar and place her in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/18.md b/num/05/18.md index 16a30a3103..9cbd84543d 100644 --- a/num/05/18.md +++ b/num/05/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# before Yahweh -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"in the presence of Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# grain offering of suspicion -* **grain offering of jealousy** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:05:15]]. -* **if you have gone astray and committed impurity** - AT: "if you have been unfaithful to your husband and committed sexual sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you will certainly be free from this bitter water** - AT: "this bitter water will not affect you" +See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 5:15](./15.md). + +# if you have not gone astray + +The words "gone astray" is an idiom that means "to be unfaithful." AT: "if you have not been unfaithful to your husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# and committed impurity + +"by committing impurity." This phrase refers to "committing adultery." + +# you will be free from this bitter water + +The phrase to "be free" from something means to not be harmed by it. AT: "this bitter water will not harm you, though it is able to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this bitter water that can bring a curse + +Here the bitter water is described as being able to bring a curse. This means that when the woman drinks the water it cause her to be unable to bear children, if she is guilty. AT: "this bitter water can be a curse to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/20.md b/num/05/20.md index 9fae4e77fe..2b38b5a475 100644 --- a/num/05/20.md +++ b/num/05/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# under her husband -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +This phrase means that she is under her husband's authority. AT: "under her husband's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# have gone astray -* **under her husband** - AT: "under her husband's authority" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **if some other man has slept with you...** - Here the speaker stops talking suddenly for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Yahweh will make you into a curse that will be shown to your people to be such** - Possible meanings are 1) that people would curse her, or 2) that people would use the her name to curse others. -* **that will be shown to your people to be such** - AT: "that he will show to your relatives as a curse" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your thigh to waste away and your abdomen to swell** - Possible meanings are 1) that the woman will become unable to bear children, or 2) that the woman will have a miscarriage. -* **your thigh to waste away** - Here the word "thigh" may refer to the woman's sexual organs. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The words "gone astray" is an idiom that means "to be unfaithful." AT: "have been unfaithful to your husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you are defiled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have defiled yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that can bring down a curse on her + +The phrase "bring down a curse" is an idiom meaning for a curse to come upon her. AT: "that can cause a curse to come upon her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh will make you into a curse ... your people to be such + +Here the author speaks about the woman bearing the curse that Yahweh gives her, which causes other people to curse her. This is spoken of as if the woman herself becomes a curse. AT: "Because Yahweh curses you, other people will curse you as well, and Yahweh will show people that you are truly cursed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that will be shown to your people to be such + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he will show to your people as a curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your thigh to waste away and your abdomen to swell + +Possible meanings are 1) that the woman will become unable to have children or 2) that the woman's pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. + +# your thigh to waste away + +Here the word "thigh" is a polite way of referring to the woman's womb or her private parts. AT: "your womb to be useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/23.md b/num/05/23.md index 5fae22db42..5420ca3e8e 100644 --- a/num/05/23.md +++ b/num/05/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he must wash away the written curses -* [[en:tw:scroll]] +This means that he is to wash the ink off of the scroll. -## translationNotes +# the written curses -* **the written curses** - AT: "the curses that he has written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the curses he has written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/24.md b/num/05/24.md index c1eb6ce2d4..96c3085fdb 100644 --- a/num/05/24.md +++ b/num/05/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In these verses the order of events is somewhat confusing, it is written this way to emphasize how the water brings the curse. It seems that the woman drinks the water, the priest burns the offering, and then the woman drinks the water again. She only drinks the water once, as is make clear in the UDB translation. -## translationNotes +# The priest must make the woman drink ... the curse will enter her and become bitter -* **the grain offering of jealousy** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:05:15]]. -* **a handful of the grain offering, a portion of it** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +It may be helpful to reorder the information in these verses by placing verse 24, that give information about the woman drinking the water, after verse 26. The UDB translates these verses in a similar way. + +# a representative offering + +The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. + +# grain offering of jealousy + +"a grain offering for jealousy." See how you translated this in [Numbers 5:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/27.md b/num/05/27.md index 605d336a93..f4a0de1ddd 100644 --- a/num/05/27.md +++ b/num/05/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# if she is defiled because she has committed -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This can be written in active form. AT: "if she has defined herself by committing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# committed a sin -* **The woman will be cursed among her people** - AT: "The woman's relatives will curse her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **conceive children** - "become pregnant" +Here the "sin" refers specifically to committing adultery. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "committed adultery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Her abdomen will swell and her thigh will waste away + +Possible meanings are 1) that the woman will become unable to have children or 2) that the woman's pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. Here the word "thigh" is a polite way of referring to the woman's womb or her private parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]). See how you translated these concepts in [Numbers 5:21](./20.md). + +# The woman will be cursed among her people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Her people will curse her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is not defiled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has not defiled herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if she is clean + +Here "being innocent" is spoken of as "being clean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# then she must be free + +Possible meanings are 1) "then she will not be cursed" or 2) "then she is free from guilt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# conceive children + +"become pregnant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/29.md b/num/05/29.md index c61ed79017..63439c20ef 100644 --- a/num/05/29.md +++ b/num/05/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the law of jealousy -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +"the law for dealing with jealousy" -## translationNotes +# who strays away from her husband -* **the law of jealousy** - "the law for dealing with jealousy" -* **who strays away from her husband** - AT: "who is unfaithful to her husband" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **a spirit of jealousy** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:05:13]]. +The words "strays away" is an idiom that means "to be unfaithful." AT: "who is unfaithful to her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# is defiled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "defiles herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a spirit of jealousy + +This phrase refers to the man's attitude and emotions of jealousy. See how you translated this in [Numbers 5:14](./13.md). AT: "who is jealous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when he is jealous of his wife + +This is an idiom that means that he suspects that his wife has been unfaithful to him by sleeping with another man. AT: "and suspects that his wife has been unfaithful to him" or "and suspects that his wife has slept with another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/31.md b/num/05/31.md index 24e1d5815a..33dace9536 100644 --- a/num/05/31.md +++ b/num/05/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# will be free from guilt for bringing his wife to the priest -* [[en:tw:guilt]] +"will not be guilty of doing something wrong by bringing his wife to the priest" -## translationNotes +# must bear -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"must endure" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/intro.md b/num/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e37d86754c --- /dev/null +++ b/num/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== Israel's camp== + +Israel's entire camp was to be a "clean" place. This meant that people who could not be made acceptable to God were not allowed inside the camp. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +##### Vengeance ##### +There are several laws in this chapter regarding restitution. These laws were meant to limit the ways in which people who had been wronged could seek to be compensated. These laws were intended to make it difficult for such people to avenge a wrong when they were angry. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/01.md b/num/06/01.md index d17d3afd80..e9985aa565 100644 --- a/num/06/01.md +++ b/num/06/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# separates himself ... he is separate -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:nazirite]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"To separate yourself to someone" means to "dedicate yourself" to that person. AT: "dedicates himself ... he dedicates himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he must keep himself from -* **separates himself** - AT: "dedicates himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **vinegar made from wine** - AT: "vinegar that people make from wine" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **raisins** - These are dried grapes. -* **he is separate to me** - AT: "he separates himself to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **nothing that is made from grapes** - AT: "nothing that people make from grapes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This idiom means that he must not eat or drink them. AT: "he must not consume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# vinegar made from wine + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "vinegar that people make from wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# vinegar + +a drink produced when wine and other strong drinks fermented too long and became sour + +# or from strong drink + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "or vinegar that people make from strong drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# raisins + +"dried grapes" + +# he is separate to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he separates himself to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nothing that is made from grapes + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing that people make from grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the seeds to their skins + +These two extremes are given to emphasize the entire grape may not be eaten. AT: "from any part of a grape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/05.md b/num/06/05.md index 2efb2a9195..3ed3904fe9 100644 --- a/num/06/05.md +++ b/num/06/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# vow of separation -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +This is an idiom. Here "separation" means "dedication" AT: "vow of dedication" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# no razor is to be used on his head -* **no razor is to be used on his head** - AT: "no one is to use a razor on his head" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the days of his separation to Yahweh** - AT: "the time that he has separated himself to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **He must be separated** - AT: "He must separate himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one is to use a razor on his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the days of his separation to Yahweh + +The word "separation" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as a verb. Here "separation" is an idiom that means "dedication." AT: "the days that he has separated himself to Yahweh" or "the days that he has dedicated himself to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to Yahweh are fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to Yahweh are complete" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He must be set apart to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He must set himself apart to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/06.md b/num/06/06.md index 5815a6d01a..3412c37e46 100644 --- a/num/06/06.md +++ b/num/06/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# separates ... separated ... separation -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Here "separation" means "dedication." AT: "dedicates ... dedicated ... dedication" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# unclean -* **he is separated** - AT: "he has separated himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **reserved for Yahweh** - "set apart for Yahweh" +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is separated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he has separated himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# of his separation + +The abstract noun "separation" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "that he has separated himself" + +# reserved for Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he has reserved himself for Yahweh" or "set apart for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/09.md b/num/06/09.md index 8a50ea498f..1f11700387 100644 --- a/num/06/09.md +++ b/num/06/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# defiles his consecrated head -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] +Here "head" represents the Nazirite man's hair, which symbolizes his vow. AT: "defiles his long hair which shows everyone he is separated to God" or "he becomes defiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# on the day of his purification -* **on the day of his cleansing** - AT: "on the day when he purifies himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +The abstract noun "purification" can be stated as the verbal phrase. AT: "on the day when he makes himself acceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the seventh day + +"the 7th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/10.md b/num/06/10.md index d38db877d3..a4823ea0ba 100644 --- a/num/06/10.md +++ b/num/06/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the eighth day -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"the 8th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/12.md b/num/06/12.md index dd64597743..29d3e0b100 100644 --- a/num/06/12.md +++ b/num/06/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for the days of his consecration -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"during the time he is being set apart again" -## translationNotes +# He must bring a male lamb ... as a guilt offering -* **He must rededicate himself** - "He must dedicate himself again" -* **The days before he defiled himself must not be counted** - AT: "He must not count the days before he defiled himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he was defiled** - AT: "he defiled himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The man is to bring the lamb to the priest so that it can be sacrificed. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "He must bring a male lamb one year old to the priest as a guilt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The days before he defiled himself must not be counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He must not count the days before he defiled himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his consecration was defiled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he defiled himself" or "he made himself unacceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/13.md b/num/06/13.md index 1b48fea164..09d0b40a48 100644 --- a/num/06/13.md +++ b/num/06/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# of his separation -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:nazirite]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +Here "separation" means "dedication." Also, this abstract noun can be expressed as a verb. AT: "of his dedication" or "that he has dedicated himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# He must be brought -* **He must be brought** - AT: "Someone must bring him" or "He must go" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **wafers without yeast** - A "wafer" is a small, flat piece of bread. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone must bring him" or "He must go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He must present his offering to Yahweh + +He must bring his offering to the priest to be sacrificed to Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "He must present his offering to Yahweh by bringing it to the priest to be sacrificed" or "He must present his offering to Yahweh by bringing it to the priest who will sacrifice it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bread made without yeast + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "bread he made without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wafers without yeast rubbed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "wafers without yeast which he rubbed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wafers without yeast + +small pieces of flat bread + +# together with their grain offering and drink offerings + +The word "their" refers to the other offerings that the Nazirite man was told to bring. Often grain offerings and drink offerings were required to accompany other types of sacrifices. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "together with the grain offering and drink offering that Yahweh required to accompany the other offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/16.md b/num/06/16.md index 1ab3929049..bcd8e198f3 100644 --- a/num/06/16.md +++ b/num/06/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He must offer his sin offering -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:unleavenedbread]] +"He" refers to the priest and "his" refers to the man who took a vow. -## translationNotes +# the fellowship offering -* **He must offer his sin offering** - Here the word "He" refers to the priest and the word "his" refers to the man who took a vow. +"as the fellowship offering" + +# The priest must present also ... drink offering + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "The priest must present also ... the drink offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/18.md b/num/06/18.md index 2d4569019d..3f11e6f124 100644 --- a/num/06/18.md +++ b/num/06/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# indicating his separation -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Here "separation" means "dedication." Also, this abstract noun may be written as a verb. AT: "indicating his dedication" or "indicating how he has separated himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/19.md b/num/06/19.md index 712ce6d9a7..923f1ce8bb 100644 --- a/num/06/19.md +++ b/num/06/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the boiled shoulder of the ram -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:nazirite]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +This means that he had boiled the ram's shoulder. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the shoulder of the ram that he boiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# indicating separation -* **shaved his head indicating separation** - AT: "shaved his hair that indicates his separation to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **that was raised** - AT: "that the priest raised" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "separation" means "dedication." Also, this abstract noun can be expressed with the verb "separated." AT: "indicating dedication" or "indicating that he has dedicated himself to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The priest must wave them + +After handing the items to the Nazirite, the priest takes them back to offer them to Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Then the priest must take them back and wave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# together with + +"as well as" + +# that was waved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the priest waved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that was presented + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he presented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/21.md b/num/06/21.md index a56890a8c7..fe908cea80 100644 --- a/num/06/21.md +++ b/num/06/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# his separation -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +- Here "separation" means "dedication." Also, this abstract noun may be written as a verb. AT: "his dedication" or "for having dedicated himself to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Whatever else he may give -* **he must keep the obligations of the vow he has taken, to keep the promise indicated by the law for the Nazirite** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the promise indicated by the law for the Nazirite** - AT: "the promise that the law for the Nazirite indicates" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to the Nazirite deciding to give other offering beyond what he has been commanded to give. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "If he decides to give any additional offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he must keep the obligations of the vow he has taken + +"he must still obey the requirements of the vow he has taken" + +# he must keep the obligations ... to keep the promise indicated by the law for the Nazirite + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize that he must obey the obligations of his vow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the promise indicated by the law for the Nazirite + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the promise that the law for the Nazirite indicates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/22.md b/num/06/22.md index ef305b837f..47a422464a 100644 --- a/num/06/22.md +++ b/num/06/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You must bless the people of Israel -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"You" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# May Yahweh bless you and keep you -* **You must bless the people of Israel** - Here the word "You" is plural. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **May Yahweh bless you and keep you** - Here the word "you" is singular. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Here "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# keep you + +This is an idiom. Here "keep" means to "protect." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/25.md b/num/06/25.md index 45433372b4..1b5bb5f73a 100644 --- a/num/06/25.md +++ b/num/06/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# make his face shine on you -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is an idiom which means to have kind intentions towards someone. It can also be expressed by smiling. AT: "smile at you" or "look at you with kindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# look on you with favor -* **May Yahweh shine his light on you...and give you peace** - Here the word "you" is singular. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **they must give my name** - Giving Yahweh's name to the people of Israel indicates that they belong to Yahweh. +Here the phrase "look on" means to show a certain attitude towards that person. AT: "show you favor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# May Yahweh make his face shine on you ... and give you peace + +Here "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# they must give my name + +Here Yahweh speaks about claiming the Israelites as his own by saying that he is giving them "his name." AT: "they must let the people of Israel know that they are mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/intro.md b/num/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e92ffd3ec9 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Numbers 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Nazirite vow ##### +The Nazirite vow was a special type of vow between a person and Yahweh. This chapter gives the rules for people to be consecrated to God as Nazirites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/01.md b/num/07/01.md index 08b29d5427..604cb59842 100644 --- a/num/07/01.md +++ b/num/07/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses completed the tabernacle -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:census]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:overseer]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Moses finished setting up the tabernacle" -## translationNotes +# the leaders of Israel ... the heads of their ancestor's families -* **the heads of their ancestor's families** - Here the word "heads" means "leaders." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **had overseen the counting of the men** - AT: "had helped Aaron and Moses to count the men" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **six covered carts and twelve oxen** - AT: "6 covered carts and 12 oxen" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These two phrases describe the same group of people two different ways. AT: "the leaders of Israel who are also the heads of their ancestors families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the heads of their ancestor's families + +Here the leaders of the families are referred to as "heads." AT: "the leaders of their ancestor's families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# had overseen the counting of the men + +The abstract noun "counting" can be stated as a verb. AT: "had helped Aaron and Moses to count the men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They brought their offerings before Yahweh ... They presented these things in front of the tabernacle + +This means that they gave their offerings to Yahweh and brought them to the tabernacle. These phrases may be combined to add clarity. AT: "They brought their offerings to Yahweh and presented them to him in front of the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# six covered carts and twelve oxen + +"6 covered carts and 12 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/04.md b/num/07/04.md index 0c574aeaac..975a68c79c 100644 --- a/num/07/04.md +++ b/num/07/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# to each one as his work needs them -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* **to each one as his work needs them** - "to each Levite according to the work that he will do" +"to each man as he needs them for his work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/06.md b/num/07/06.md index 3223c64f5d..01b4670bcd 100644 --- a/num/07/06.md +++ b/num/07/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Gershon ... Merari -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). -## translationNotes +# because of what their work needed -* **two carts and four oxen** - AT: "2 carts and 4 oxen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **because of what their work needed** - AT: "because this is what they needed to do their work" -* **four carts and eight oxen** - AT: "4 carts and 8 oxen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **in the care of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest** - This means that Ithamar showed the descendants of Merari what to do as they worked. +"because it was what they needed to do their work" + +# in the care of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest + +"under the supervision of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest" or "Ithamar son of Aaron the priest oversaw their work" + +# Ithamar + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:2](../03/01.md). + +# He did this because + +The word "he" refers to Moses. + +# because of what their work required + +"because it was what they needed to do their work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/09.md b/num/07/09.md index a496386536..07d6ad08e2 100644 --- a/num/07/09.md +++ b/num/07/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# none of those things -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This refers to the carts and oxen. -## translationNotes +# Kohath -* **none of those things** - This refers to the carts and oxen. -* **equipment and objects reserved for the tabernacle** - AT: "equipment and objects that Yahweh reserved for the tabernacle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). + +# theirs would be the work + +"their work would be" + +# the things that belong to Yahweh + +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of what belongs to Yahweh. AT: "the things that Yahweh reserved for the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/10.md b/num/07/10.md index 9e818087d7..43aa0f03f8 100644 --- a/num/07/10.md +++ b/num/07/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# offered their goods -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"offered gifts" -## translationNotes +# Each leader must offer on his own day his sacrifice -* **offered their goods** - "offered gifts" -* **Each leader must offer on his own day his sacrifice** - AT: "Each day, one leader must offer his sacrifice" +"Each day, one leader must offer his sacrifice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/12.md b/num/07/12.md index 7cab7c479f..1e8c3b618f 100644 --- a/num/07/12.md +++ b/num/07/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the first day -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +"the 1st day" or "day 1" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Nahshon son of Amminadab -* **130 shekels...seventy shekels...ten shekels** - A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 1.5 kilograms...about .8 kilograms...about 110 grams" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Numbers 1:7](../01/07.md) + +# weighing 130 shekels + +"weighing one hundred and thirty shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. AT: "weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. If you are converting the weights to modern measures, here is another way to translate this phrase. AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish that weighed ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. AT: "one gold dish that weighed one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish that weighed 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/15.md b/num/07/15.md index ae2b6ef9b9..20373db55f 100644 --- a/num/07/15.md +++ b/num/07/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Nahshon son of Amminadab -* **This was the gift of Nahshon son of Amminadab** - AT: "This was what Nahshon son of Amminadab gave" +"This was what Nahshon son of Amminadab presented" + +# Nahshon son of Amminadab + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/18.md b/num/07/18.md index 17d257cc20..d7d1a4ed23 100644 --- a/num/07/18.md +++ b/num/07/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the second day -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"the 2nd day" or "day 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Nethanel son of Zuar -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:8](../01/07.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/20.md b/num/07/20.md index 92fa3b15ad..95c58d7893 100644 --- a/num/07/20.md +++ b/num/07/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## translationNotes +# that were a year old -* **This was the gift of Nethanel son of Zuar** - AT: "This was what Nethanel son of Zuar gave" +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Nethanel son of Zuar + +"This was what Nethanel son of Zuar presented" + +# Nethanel son of Zuar + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:8](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/24.md b/num/07/24.md index f784bfa8d5..e716a1bb85 100644 --- a/num/07/24.md +++ b/num/07/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the third day -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +"the 3rd day" or "day 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Eliab son of Helon -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:9](../01/07.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/27.md b/num/07/27.md index 180a444ed8..8166ae524b 100644 --- a/num/07/27.md +++ b/num/07/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Eliab son of Helon -* **This was the sacrifice of Eliab son of Helon** - AT: "This was what Eliab son of Helon gave as a sacrifice" +"This was what Eliab son of Helon gave as a sacrifice" + +# Eliab son of Helon + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:9](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/30.md b/num/07/30.md index 9faf2322c7..49ea771ec9 100644 --- a/num/07/30.md +++ b/num/07/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the fourth day -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +"the 4th day" or "day 4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Elizur son of Shedeur -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:5](../01/04.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/33.md b/num/07/33.md index 494b6a12a2..548502ddca 100644 --- a/num/07/33.md +++ b/num/07/33.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Elizur son of Shedeur -* **This was the sacrifice of Elizur son of Shedeur** - AT: “This was what Elizur son of Shedeur gave as a sacrifice” +"This was what Elizur son of Shedeur gave as a sacrifice" + +# Elizur son of Shedeur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:5](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/36.md b/num/07/36.md index 6bc4e27f20..3285af0531 100644 --- a/num/07/36.md +++ b/num/07/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the fifth day -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] +"the 5th day" or "day 5" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:6](../01/04.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/39.md b/num/07/39.md index d91fd1ae7b..40ad55482e 100644 --- a/num/07/39.md +++ b/num/07/39.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai -* **This was the sacrifice of Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai** - AT: “This was what Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai gave as a sacrifice” +"This was what Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai gave as a sacrifice." "Shelumiel" and "Zurishaddai" are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:6](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/42.md b/num/07/42.md index 0e272aa3e5..f6ccf5d7e4 100644 --- a/num/07/42.md +++ b/num/07/42.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the sixth day -* [[en:tw:gad]] +"the sixth day" or "day 6" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Eliasaph son of Deuel -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:14](../01/12.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/45.md b/num/07/45.md index 3340a91b25..2add7e3c47 100644 --- a/num/07/45.md +++ b/num/07/45.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Eliasaph son of Deuel -* **This was the sacrifice of Eliasaph son of Deuel** - AT: “This was what Eliasaph son of Deuel gave as a sacrifice” +"This was what Eliasaph son of Deuel gave as a sacrifice" + +# Eliasaph son of Deuel + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:14](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/48.md b/num/07/48.md index 4d87d06cb6..d9426975df 100644 --- a/num/07/48.md +++ b/num/07/48.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the seventh day -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"the 7th day" or "day 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Elishama son of Ammihud -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/51.md b/num/07/51.md index 94b9e996c9..b5a7c103f9 100644 --- a/num/07/51.md +++ b/num/07/51.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Elishama son of Ammihud -* **This was the sacrifice of Elishama son of Ammihud** - AT: “This was what Elishama son of Ammihud gave as a sacrifice” +"This was what Elishama son of Ammihud presented" + +# Elishama son of Ammihud + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/54.md b/num/07/54.md index 8f18511a2b..ed64d4531e 100644 --- a/num/07/54.md +++ b/num/07/54.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the eighth day -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"the 8th day" or "day 8" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Gamaliel son of Pedahzur -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/57.md b/num/07/57.md index b1662c4b36..0966bffe16 100644 --- a/num/07/57.md +++ b/num/07/57.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Gamaliel son of Pedahzur -* **This was the sacrifice of Gamaliel son of Pedahzur** - AT: “This was what Gamaliel son of Pedahzur gave as a sacrifice” +"This was what Gamaliel son of Pedahzur gave as a sacrifice" + +# Gamaliel son of Pedahzur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/60.md b/num/07/60.md index f8d7d9d520..a1f000b4f1 100644 --- a/num/07/60.md +++ b/num/07/60.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the ninth day -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"the 9th day" or "day 9" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Abidan son of Gideoni -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:11](../01/10.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mingled with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/63.md b/num/07/63.md index f67983d55e..91549026fe 100644 --- a/num/07/63.md +++ b/num/07/63.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Abidan son of Gideoni -* **This was the sacrifice of Abidan son of Gideoni** - AT: “This was what Abidan son of Gideoni gave as a sacrifice” +"This was what Abidan son of Gideoni gave as a sacrifice" + +# Abidan son of Gideoni + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:11](../01/10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/66.md b/num/07/66.md index e0d529bc23..40bdd1e34b 100644 --- a/num/07/66.md +++ b/num/07/66.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the tenth day -* [[en:tw:dan]] +"the 10th day" or "day 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/69.md b/num/07/69.md index 263563c955..e637501ecb 100644 --- a/num/07/69.md +++ b/num/07/69.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai -* **This was the sacrifice of Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai** - AT: “This was what Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai gave as a sacrifice” +"This was what Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai gave as a sacrifice" + +# Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:12](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/72.md b/num/07/72.md index 92936addd6..1def796498 100644 --- a/num/07/72.md +++ b/num/07/72.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the eleventh day -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +"the 11th day" or "day 11" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Pagiel son of Okran -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mingled with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/75.md b/num/07/75.md index f329f15097..6e0b871da9 100644 --- a/num/07/75.md +++ b/num/07/75.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Pagiel son of Okran -* **This was the sacrifice of Pagiel son of Ochran** - AT: “This was what Pagiel son of Ochran gave as a sacrifice” +"This was what Pagiel son of Okran gave as a sacrifice." "Pagiel" and "Okran" were names of men. See how you translated their names in [Numbers 1:13](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/78.md b/num/07/78.md index 6bd858d76d..7c4c717bdb 100644 --- a/num/07/78.md +++ b/num/07/78.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the twelfth day -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] +"the 12th day" or "day 12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Ahira son of Enan -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:15](../01/12.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/81.md b/num/07/81.md index a97093573c..30c9803484 100644 --- a/num/07/81.md +++ b/num/07/81.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# that were a year old -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"that were each one year old" -## translationNotes +# This was the sacrifice of Ahira son of Enan -* **This was the sacrifice of Ahira son of Enan** - AT: “This was what Ahira son of Enan gave as a sacrifice” +"This was what Ahira son of Enan gave as a sacrifice" + +# Ahira son of Enan + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:15](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/84.md b/num/07/84.md index fdceeb46ae..38ff9661f8 100644 --- a/num/07/84.md +++ b/num/07/84.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# set all these apart -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +The phrase "set apart" means to be dedicated to a specific purpose. In this case, the offerings were dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# on the day that Moses anointed the altar -* **on the day that Moses anointed the altar** - Here the word "day" refers to a general period of time. The leaders of Israel dedicated these things over the course of 12 days. AT: "when Moses anointed the altar" +Here the word "day" refers to a general period of time. The leaders of Israel dedicated these things over the course of 12 days. AT: "when Moses anointed the altar" + +# Each silver platter weighed 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated this same weight in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "each silver platter weighed nearly one and a half kilograms" or "each silver platter weighed one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# each bowl weighed seventy shekels + +"each bowl weighted 70 shekels." If necessary, these weight can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated this same weight in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "each bowl weighed nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "each bowl weighed 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 2,400 shekels + +"two thousand four hundred shekels" or "twenty-four hundred shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# All the silver vessels weighed ... All the gold dishes weighed + +"All the silver vessels together weighed ... All the gold dishes together weighed" + +# the silver vessels + +This refers to all of the offerings that were made of silver, both the platters and the bowls. + +# Each of the twelve gold dishes ... weighed ten shekels + +"Each of the 12 gold dishes ... weighed 10 shekels." If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "Each of the 12 gold dishes ... weighed one tenth of a kilogram" or "Each of the 12 gold dishes ... weighed 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 120 shekels + +"one hundred and twenty shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/87.md b/num/07/87.md index 2791b7336d..ff7f4a38f4 100644 --- a/num/07/87.md +++ b/num/07/87.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# twelve ... twenty-four ... sixty -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +"12 ... 24 ... 60." These numbers may be written with numerals instead of with words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# a year old -* **when it was annointed** - AT: "when Moses annointed it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"that were one year old" + +# after it was anointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after Moses had anointed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/89.md b/num/07/89.md index 46a067ad61..13c6d73882 100644 --- a/num/07/89.md +++ b/num/07/89.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he heard his voice speaking to him -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:atonementlid]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "his voice" refers to Yahweh. AT: "he heard Yahweh speaking to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# from above the atonement lid ... from between the two cherubim -* **he heard his voice speaking to him** - AT: "Moses heard Yahweh speaking to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **from above the atonement lid on the ark of the covenant decrees, from between the two cherubim** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He spoke to him** - AT: "Yahweh spoke to Moses" +These two phrases describe the same location. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# ark of the testimony + +See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:5](../04/05.md). + +# He spoke to him + +"Yahweh spoke to Moses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/intro.md b/num/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c3ac71207e --- /dev/null +++ b/num/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Consecrating the altar ##### + +When the tabernacle was completed, they consecrated the altar. Each tribe brought an offering to consecrate the altar. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/01.md b/num/08/01.md index 95db6df867..c5d7eda5bc 100644 --- a/num/08/01.md +++ b/num/08/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# must give light in front -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"must shine towards the front" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/03.md b/num/08/03.md index 7962b2fad3..cbd327c3e5 100644 --- a/num/08/03.md +++ b/num/08/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to give light -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] +"to shine" -## translationNotes +# The lampstand was made -* **The lampstand was made** - AT: "Bezalel and Oholiab had made the lampstand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They had made the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with hammered cups like blossoms + +They were commanded to form the hammered cups so that they resembled flower blossoms. AT: "with hammered cups that resemble flower blossoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/05.md b/num/08/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 14e7eab185..0000000000 --- a/num/08/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. diff --git a/num/08/07.md b/num/08/07.md index 293aa61ee0..a619b8c8b0 100644 --- a/num/08/07.md +++ b/num/08/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to purify them -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +Here "them" refers to the Levites. -## translationNotes +# Sprinkle the water of atonement on them -* **to purify them** - Here the word "them" refers to the Levites. +Moses sprinkling water on them was symbolic of their atonement. AT: "Sprinkle on their the water that symbolizes atonement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# wash their clothes + +The Levites are supposed to wash their own clothes. You can make clear the understood information. AT: "then make them wash their clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a young bull and its grain offering + +When offering a young bull, a grain offering was usually required to accompany it. + +# of fine flour mingled with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "of fine flour that they have mingled with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/09.md b/num/08/09.md index f6a146932a..bb7861d80f 100644 --- a/num/08/09.md +++ b/num/08/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# assemble the whole community -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +"gather the whole community" -## translationNotes +# before Yahweh -* **assemble the whole community** - "gather the whole community" -* **as if they were raised high before him** - Aaron was to present the Levites to Yahweh as if he was lifting up a sacrifice. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here Yahweh refers to himself by his own name. + +# the people of Israel must lay their hands on the Levites + +The action "laying on hands" on someone was often done to dedicate them to Yahweh's work or service. AT: "The people Israel must lay their hands on the Levites, dedicating them to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# as a wave offering + +Aaron was to present the Levites to Yahweh with the same amount of dedication as if they were a sacrifice given to him. AT: "if they were a wave offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/12.md b/num/08/12.md index fc61df103c..4908f4fc54 100644 --- a/num/08/12.md +++ b/num/08/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The Levites must place their hands on the heads of the bulls -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This is a symbolic action that identifies the Levites with the animals being offered. In this way the person is offering himself through the animal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# lift them up as a wave offering to me -* **lift them up as an offering** - Aaron was to present the Levites to Yahweh as if he was lifting up a sacrifice. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Aaron was to present the Levites to Yahweh as if he were lifting up an offering to Yahweh. AT: "dedicate them to me, as if you were lifting them up a wave offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/14.md b/num/08/14.md index 0db7e4082a..8534af86ca 100644 --- a/num/08/14.md +++ b/num/08/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# You must purify them. You must offer them as a wave offering -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Yahweh repeats these things to emphasize their importance. This must happen before the Levites go to serve at the tent of meeting. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "But first, you must purify them. You must offer them as a wave offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# You must offer them as a wave offering -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Aaron was to present the Levites to Yahweh as if they were a wave offering to him. AT: "You must dedicate them to me, as if you were presenting a wave offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/16.md b/num/08/16.md index 176ac36d07..4e8eaaa4d4 100644 --- a/num/08/16.md +++ b/num/08/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# each male child who opens the womb, the firstborn -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasize the firstborn sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# male child who opens the womb -* **each male child who opens the womb, the firstborn** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **male child who who opens the womb** - This refers to the first male child to which a mother gives birth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I took the lives** - AT: "I killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **I set them apart** - Here the word "them" refers to "the firstborn from among the people of Israel." +This is an idiom. "To open the womb" means to give birth for the first time. Here this refers to the first male child to which a mother gives birth. AT: "child who is the firstborn son of his mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I took the lives + +This is a polite way of referring to when a person kills someone. AT: "I killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I set them apart + +Here "them" refers to "the firstborn from among the people of Israel." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/18.md b/num/08/18.md index bb3ba5fecc..8a0282aa75 100644 --- a/num/08/18.md +++ b/num/08/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I have given the Levites as a gift to Aaron and his sons -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Yahweh appointing the Levites to help Aaron and his sons is spoken of as if they were a gift that Yahweh were giving to Aaron and his sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I have taken them ... I have given them -* **I have taken them...I have given them** - Here the word "them" refers to the Levites. -* **when they come near** - Here the word "them" refers to the people of Israel. +Here "them" refers to the Levites. + +# instead of all the firstborn + +The missing words may be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "instead taking all of the firstborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# when they come near + +Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/20.md b/num/08/20.md index f088157eaa..a2f0839068 100644 --- a/num/08/20.md +++ b/num/08/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Moses, Aaron, and the whole community of the people of Israel ... The people of Israel did this with them -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Here there are three parallel sentences that give the same information. It is repeated to emphasize that the people did to the Levites as Yahweh had commanded. AT: "Moses, Aaron, and the whole community of the people of Israel did with the Levites everything that Yahweh had commanded Moses concerning the Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/22.md b/num/08/22.md index 486e9c476b..7964a052fd 100644 --- a/num/08/22.md +++ b/num/08/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to do their service -* [[en:tw:serve]] +The word "service," an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. AT: "to serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# before Aaron and before Aaron's sons -* **to do their service** - AT: "to serve" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **before Aaron and before Aaron's sons** - AT: "in the presence of Aaron and his sons" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They treated all the Levites** - Here the word "They" refers to the people of Israel. +"in the presence of Aaron and his sons" + +# This was + +"What they did was" + +# They treated all the Levites in this way + +"They did to the Levites what Yahweh commanded." The word "They" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/23.md b/num/08/23.md index 0b12fbe656..15f58c80a8 100644 --- a/num/08/23.md +++ b/num/08/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# All of this is for the Levites -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +"All of these commandments are for the Levites" -## translationNotes +# twenty-five years old -* **All of this is for the Levites** - "All of these commandments are for the Levites" -* **twenty-five years old** - five years old** - Verse 25 says that the Levites must stop serving in this way when they reach fifty years of age, so it is possible to translate either "25 years old" or "between 25 and 50 years old." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **must join the company to serve in the tent of meeting** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:04:01]] +"25 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# must join the company to serve in the tent of meeting + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](../04/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/25.md b/num/08/25.md index e6cc0d835a..1a7ec7c395 100644 --- a/num/08/25.md +++ b/num/08/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# at the age of fifty years -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* **fifty years** - "50 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"at 50 years old" or "when they become 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/intro.md b/num/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..69700472b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Numbers 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The consecration of the tabernacle continues in this chapter. The people obeyed Yahweh's exact instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/01.md b/num/09/01.md index 3d4913c932..25616691b3 100644 --- a/num/09/01.md +++ b/num/09/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# in the first month -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"in the 1st month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the second year -* **after they came out from the land of Egypt** - Here the word "they" refers to the people of Israel. -* **at its fixed time of year** - AT: "at the time of each year that I have determined" -* **follow all the regulations, and obey all the decrees​** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"the 2nd year" or "year 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# after they came out from the land of Egypt + +Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. The phrase "came out" means to leave. AT: "after they left the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Let the people ... at its fixed time of year + +The word "fixed" means "previously set." This means that this is when the observe it every year. AT: "Let the people ... at the time of year they currently observe it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# On the fourteenth day ... at its fixed time of year + +This is the set time of year that they celebrate the Passover. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "On the fourteenth day ... and observe it, for this is the time you do celebrate it every year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the fourteenth day + +"the 14th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# follow all the regulations, and obey all the decrees + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize that they needed to obey the commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You must keep it + +Here the phrase "keep it" is an idiom which means to observe it. AT: "You must observe it" or "You must celebrate it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/04.md b/num/09/04.md index 77ed78340b..b3d83460be 100644 --- a/num/09/04.md +++ b/num/09/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# keep the Festival of the Passover -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] +Here the word "keep" means to observe. AT: "observe the Festival of the Passover" or "celebrate the Festival of the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"in the 1st month, on the 14th day of the month." This refers to time in the Jewish calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/06.md b/num/09/06.md index 7b799c2d92..cfaf893d09 100644 --- a/num/09/06.md +++ b/num/09/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# became unclean by the body of a dead man -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +This implies that they touched the dead man, which made them unclean. You can make clear the full meaning of this statement. AT: "became unclean because they touched the body of a dead man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# unclean -* **because of the dead body of a man** - "by touching the body of a dead man" -* **Why do you keep us from offering the sacrifice...among the people of Israel?** - The men ask this question in order to complain that they are not allowed to participate in celebrating the Passover. AT: "It is not fair that you keep us away from offering the sacrifice...among the people of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keep the Passover + +Here the word "keep" means to observe. AT: "observe the Passover" or "celebrate the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# because of the dead body of a man + +This means that they had touched a dead man's body. You can make the full meaning of this statement clear. AT: "because we have touched the body of a dead man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Why do you keep us from offering the sacrifice ... among the people of Israel? + +The men ask this question in order to complain that they are not allowed to participate in celebrating the Passover. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It is not fair that you keep us away from offering the sacrifice ... among the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# fixed + +set or predetermined \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/09.md b/num/09/09.md index 46564ac56b..c736288ee1 100644 --- a/num/09/09.md +++ b/num/09/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# unclean -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# because of a dead body -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This refers to someone touching a dead body. AT: "because you have touched a dead body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# keep the Passover + +Here the word "keep" means to observe. AT: "observe the Passover" or "celebrate the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/11.md b/num/09/11.md index b6fcac067c..709aaf2cf8 100644 --- a/num/09/11.md +++ b/num/09/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# eat the Passover -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +Here the word "eat" means to observe. AT: "observe the Passover" or "celebrate the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the second month on the fourteenth day -* **with bread without yeast** - "with bread made without yeast" -* **bitter herbs** - These are small plants that have a strong and usually bad taste. -* **break a bone of animals** - This refers to the lamb that they are eating. +"the 2nd month on the 14th day." This refers to time in the Jewish calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# at evening + +"at sunset" + +# with bread that is made without yeast + +"with bread that contains no yeast" + +# bitter herbs + +These are small plants that have a strong and usually bad taste. + +# or break any of its bones + +"and they must not break any of its bones" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/13.md b/num/09/13.md index 612fb0538a..9a41c565d4 100644 --- a/num/09/13.md +++ b/num/09/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# any person who is clean -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# keep the Passover -* **that person must be cut off** - AT: "you must cut that person off" or "I will cut that person off" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **That man must carry his sin** - Here the word "sin" refers to the punishment for sin. AT: "That man must accept the punishment for his sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **lives among you** - Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **he must keep it and do all he commands** - AT: "that stranger must keep it and do all that Yahweh commands" -* **keeping the rules of the Passover, and obeying the laws for it** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here the word "keep" means to observe. AT: "observe the Passover" or "celebrate the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that person must be cut off + +Here the phrase "cut off" means to be disowned and sent away. AT: "that person must be sent away" or "you must send that person away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fixed + +set or predetermined + +# That man must carry his sin + +Here the concept of the man having to bear the consequences of his sin is spoken of as if his sin were a heavy object object that he had to carry. AT: "That man must bear the punishment for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lives among you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# he must keep it and do all he commands + +"that stranger must keep it and do all that Yahweh commands" + +# keeping the rules of the Passover, and obeying the laws for it + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that the stranger must obey all of the rules about the Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# in the land + +"in the land of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/15.md b/num/09/15.md index 5246e2e448..bf382a52a8 100644 --- a/num/09/15.md +++ b/num/09/15.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the tabernacle was set up -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Levites set up the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the tent of the covenant decrees -* **the tabernacle was set up** - AT: "the Levites set up the tabernacle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the cloud was taken up** - AT: "the cloud rose up" (UDB) or "Yahweh took up the cloud" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated the phrase "the tabernacle of the covenant decrees" in [Numbers 1:50](../01/50.md). + +# It appeared like fire until morning + +This refers to the cloud's appearance during the night. Here the cloud is compared to looking like a fire. AT: "During the night the cloud looked like a huge fire until morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# It continued that way + +It may be helpful to explain that this refers to the cloud being over the tabernacle. AT: "The cloud remained this way over the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# appeared like fire at night + +The cloud's appearance is compared to a huge fire. AT: "it looked like a huge fire at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the cloud was taken up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "moved" or "Yahweh took up the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the cloud stopped + +"the cloud stopped moving" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/18.md b/num/09/18.md index a1606dc63b..55e2811957 100644 --- a/num/09/18.md +++ b/num/09/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# At Yahweh's command -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **At Yahweh’s command** - "When Yahweh commanded" +The word "command" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "When Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/20.md b/num/09/20.md index 441239973a..3542e0becb 100644 --- a/num/09/20.md +++ b/num/09/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# on the tabernacle -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +"over the tabernacle" -## translationNotes +# make camp -* **If it continued** - "If the cloud stayed on the tabernacle" +Here the word "make" means to "set up." AT: "set up their camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# from evening until morning + +This means that the cloud only stayed over the tabernacle for one night. You make make clear the full meaning of this statement. AT: "only from evening until morning" or "over the tabernacle for only one night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If it continued + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. "If the cloud stayed over the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# only when the cloud lifted would they journey on + +"then after the cloud moved they would travel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/22.md b/num/09/22.md index 509e0c6cac..c9961599c0 100644 --- a/num/09/22.md +++ b/num/09/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the cloud was taken up -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cloud rose up" or "Yahweh took up the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# at Yahweh's command -* **the cloud was taken up** - AT: “the cloud rose up” (UDB) or “Yahweh took up the cloud” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **at Yahweh's command** - “when Yahweh commanded” -* **Yahweh's command given through Moses** - AT: "the command that Yahweh had given through Moses" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "command" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "what Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Yahweh's command given through Moses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the command that Yahweh had given through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/intro.md b/num/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..121e478086 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Numbers 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +==Passover == + +This chapter records the celebration of the Passover for the first time since it began. The people kept the Passover as directed by the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/01.md b/num/10/01.md index 712125d1e0..4fee5cf558 100644 --- a/num/10/01.md +++ b/num/10/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Make two silver trumpets -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This means that Yahweh commanded Moses to have someone make the trumpet. He did not make them himself. AT: "Tell someone to make two silver trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You must use the trumpets -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +Moses will not blow the trumpets himself, but he will command the priests to blow them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/03.md b/num/10/03.md index e9370ec271..05192cfddf 100644 --- a/num/10/03.md +++ b/num/10/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in front of you -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +"while you are present." This means that Moses was to be there with the priest when he blew the trumpets. -## translationNotes +# the leaders, the heads of the clans of Israel -* **the leaders, the clan heads of Israel** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **When you blow a loud signal** - Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the priests. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +These two phrases refer to the same group of people. Here the second phrase is used to describe the first phrase. AT: "the leaders, who are the heads of the clans of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# When you blow a loud signal + +Here the word "you" is plural. Yahweh is speaking to Moses, but he his referring to the priests. The priests will blow the trumpets, Moses will not. AT: "When they blow a loud signal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/06.md b/num/10/06.md index 6fb48b7dc5..5f5a4edf50 100644 --- a/num/10/06.md +++ b/num/10/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When you blow a loud signal -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Here the word "you" is plural. Yahweh is speaking to Moses, but he is referring to the priests. The priests will blow the trumpets, Moses will not. AT: "When they blow a loud signal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# When the community gathers together -* **When you blow a loud signal** - Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the priests. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **They must blow a loud signal for their journeys** - Here the word "They" refers to the priests and the word "their" refers to the people of Israel. -* **be a regulation for you** - "be a rule for you." Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +"To gather the community together" + +# second + +"2nd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# They must blow a loud signal for their journeys + +"They" refers to the priests and the word "their" refers to the people of Israel. + +# be a regulation for you + +"be a rule for you." Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/09.md b/num/10/09.md index 0541bf2c99..1e3a68e8cb 100644 --- a/num/10/09.md +++ b/num/10/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When you go to war ... oppresses you -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:alarm]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Yahweh is speaking to Moses and uses the word "you," but he is actually referring the people of Israel going to war. AT: "When the people of Israel to war ... oppresses Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# then you must sound an alarm with the trumpets -* **will call you to mind** - AT: "will remember you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here Yahweh again speaks to Moses using the word "you" but actually wants Moses to have the priests blow the trumpets. AT: "then you must command the priests to sound an alarm with the trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# call you to mind + +This phrase "call to mind" means to remember. AT: "remember you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/10.md b/num/10/10.md index de9ea7eddb..6015735886 100644 --- a/num/10/10.md +++ b/num/10/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# of celebration -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +The noun "celebration" can be expressed with the verb "celebrate." AT: "when you celebrate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# you must blow the trumpets -* **These will act as a reminder of you to me** - The people and Yahweh will both have the reminder of their relationship. +Here Yahweh again speaks to Moses using the word "you," but actually wants him to have the priests blow the trumpets. AT: "you must command the priests to blow the trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]), + +# at the beginnings of the months + +There are 12 months on the Hebrew calendar. The beginning phase of the moon with its sliver of light marked the beginning of each month in the lunar calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# your burnt offerings ... your fellowship offerings ... you to me + +In these phrases the words "your" and "you" are plural and refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# over the sacrifices + +"in honor of the sacrifices" + +# will act as a reminder of you to me + +"will act as a memorial for you of me." The word "reminder" can be expressed with the verb "remind." AT: "will always remind you of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# These will act + +The word "these" refers to the trumpets and the sacrifices. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/11.md b/num/10/11.md index 9b8e958228..62d765f54a 100644 --- a/num/10/11.md +++ b/num/10/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# In the second year -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:paran]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +"In the 2nd year" or "In year 2." This is the second year after Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# in the second month, on the twentieth day of the month -* **the cloud was lifted** - AT: “the cloud rose up” (UDB) or “Yahweh lifted the cloud” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Yahweh's command given through Moses** - AT: “the command that Yahweh had given through Moses” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"in the 2nd month, on the 20th day of the month." This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the cloud was lifted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cloud rose up" or "Yahweh lifted the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the tabernacle of the covenant decrees + +The tabernacle was also called by this longer name because the ark with the law of God was placed inside it. See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:50](../01/50.md). + +# Yahweh's command given through Moses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the commands that Yahweh had given through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/14.md b/num/10/14.md index fb5b73445c..c0709ca42d 100644 --- a/num/10/14.md +++ b/num/10/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The camp under the banner of Judah's descendants -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +This camp includes the three tribes under the division of Judah: Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun. -## translationNotes +# went out first -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"went out 1st." The phrase "went out" means that they packed up their camp and began moving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Nahshon son of Amminadab + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:7](../01/07.md). + +# Nethanel son of Zuar + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:8](../01/07.md). + +# Eliab son of Helon + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:9](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/17.md b/num/10/17.md index 7c4e986631..ea8598399b 100644 --- a/num/10/17.md +++ b/num/10/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Gershon ... Merari -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). -## translationNotes +# the armies under the banner of Reuben's camp -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This refers to the armies of the tribes under the division of Reuben: Reuben, Simeon, and Gad. + +# Elizur son of Shedeur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:5](../01/04.md). + +# Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name [Numbers 1:6](../01/04.md). + +# Eliasaph son of Deuel + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:14](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/21.md b/num/10/21.md index 2674d84df3..3481f25e26 100644 --- a/num/10/21.md +++ b/num/10/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Kohathites -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +This refers to the descendants of Kohath. See how you translated this in [Numbers 3:27](../03/27.md). -## translationNotes +# The armies under the banner of Ephraim's descendants -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This refers to the armies of the tribes under the division of Ephraim: Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin. + +# Elishama son of Ammihud + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). + +# Gamaliel son of Pedahzur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). + +# Abidan son of Gideoni + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:11](../01/10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/25.md b/num/10/25.md index c4616d7913..79f4bc3dc3 100644 --- a/num/10/25.md +++ b/num/10/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The armies that camped under the banner of Dan's descendants -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +This refers to the armies of the tribes under the division of Dan: Dan, Asher, and Naphtali. -## translationNotes +# Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# Pagiel son of Okran + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# Ahira son of Enan + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:15](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/29.md b/num/10/29.md index 4c45236640..8b97f7552e 100644 --- a/num/10/29.md +++ b/num/10/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Hobab son of Reuel -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:jethro]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# that Yahweh described -* **we will do you good** - "we will treat you well" +"that Yahweh described to us" + +# we will do you good + +"we will treat you well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/31.md b/num/10/31.md index be19a89665..a17e0aa66a 100644 --- a/num/10/31.md +++ b/num/10/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# You must watch out for us -* [[en:tw:desert]] - -## translationNotes - -* **You must watch out for us** - AT: "You can guide us" (UDB) or "You can give us advice on where to camp and how to live in the desert" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The phrase "watch out" means to guide and to take care of. AT: "You can guide us and show us how to live in the desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/33.md b/num/10/33.md index d97082a81a..9086871ee4 100644 --- a/num/10/33.md +++ b/num/10/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They journeyed -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] +"They" refers to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the mountain of Yahweh -* **They journeyed** - Here the word "They" refers to the people of Israel. -* **The ark of the covenant of Yahweh went before them** - AT: "The men carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh went before them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **by daylight** - "every day" or "during the day" +This refers to Mount Sinai. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Mount Sinai, the mountain of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The ark of the covenant of Yahweh went before them + +The group of Levites carrying the ark of the covenant went before the people of Israel as the traveled. AT: "Men carried the ark of the covenant of Yahweh before them as they traveled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# by daylight + +"every day" or "during the day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/35.md b/num/10/35.md index 4880680a5c..2cad16ddd8 100644 --- a/num/10/35.md +++ b/num/10/35.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Whenever the ark set out -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:ark]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the ark is spoken of as if were a person traveling. The ark was really being carried by men. AT: "Whenever the people carrying the ark set out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Rise up, Yahweh -* **Whenever the ark set out** - AT: "Whenever the people carrying the ark set out" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **many tens of thousands** - "many tens of thousands of people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here the phrase "rise up" is a request for Yahweh to act, in this case Moses is asking him to scatter their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Make those who hate you run from you + +Here Moses speaks about Yahweh causing their enemies to flee from the people of Israel as if they were fleeing from Yahweh himself. AT: "Make those who hate you run away from your ark and your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whenever the ark stopped + +Here the ark is spoken of as if were a person traveling. The ark was really being carried by men. AT: "Whenever the people carrying the ark stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# many tens of thousands + +This refers to people. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "many tens of thousands of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/intro.md b/num/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5001a01d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trumpets ##### +In the ancient Near East, trumpets were used for many purposes. They were used to call people together. They were also used to lead people into battle. + +##### Israel starts to move ##### + +Each tribe had its place in line as did the tabernacle. Their movements through the desert were very deliberate and ordered. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/01.md b/num/11/01.md index 84972a84ce..73d83a5e8e 100644 --- a/num/11/01.md +++ b/num/11/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Fire from Yahweh burned -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Yahweh sent fire that burned" -## translationNotes +# That place was named -* **Fire from Yahweh burned** - AT: "Yahweh sent fire that" -* **That place was named** - AT: "They named that place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in the active form. AT: "They named that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/04.md b/num/11/04.md index 7edf0584e6..93b05d7993 100644 --- a/num/11/04.md +++ b/num/11/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Who will give us meat to eat? -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:manna]] +The Israelites ask this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We wish that we had meat to eat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# our appetite is gone -* **Who will give us meat to eat?** - The Israelites ask this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. AT: "We wish that we had meat to eat." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"we do not want to eat" or "we cannot eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/07.md b/num/11/07.md index 9cf58de127..cad48af1a4 100644 --- a/num/11/07.md +++ b/num/11/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# coriander seed -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] +Coriander is also known as cilantro. This seed serves as a spice when dried. -## translationNotes +# resin -* **coriander seed** - Coriander is also known as cilantro. This seed is a spice when dried. -* **resin** - This refers to a sticky substance with a pale yellow color. +This is a sticky substance with a pale yellow color. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/09.md b/num/11/09.md index 31c5f85375..8508e005e6 100644 --- a/num/11/09.md +++ b/num/11/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# in Moses' eyes -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **in Moses' eyes** - AT: "in Moses' opinion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +he eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in Moses' opinion" or "in Moses' judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/11.md b/num/11/11.md index 9bef925069..e7dab3c1ce 100644 --- a/num/11/11.md +++ b/num/11/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:conceive]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Moses complains to Yahweh using several rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why have you treated your servant so badly? Why are you not pleased with me? -* Moses complains to Yahweh using several rhetorical questions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why have you treated your servant so badly? Why are you not pleased with me?** - AT: "What have I done wrong to deserve to be treated like this?" or "I have done nothing wrong to deserve this." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **carry the load of all these people** - Moses is complaining that it is too difficult to be responsible for all these people. -* **Did I conceive all these people? Have I given them birth so that you should say to me** - AT: "I am not the father of all these people, so it is not fair that you should say to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby** - This means that Moses is to be responsible for the people who cannot take care of themselves, like a parent must care for an infant. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Should I carry them...to give them?** - AT: "I am not able to carry them...to give them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Moses used these questions to complain about the way God was treating him. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "You should not treat me, your servant, so badly. You should not be angry with me!" or "I, your servant, have done nothing wrong for you to treat me so badly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You make me carry the load of all these people + +Moses complains and speaks of leading the people and providing for them as if he were carrying a heavy load. AT: "You make me responsible for all these people, but it's too hard for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Did I conceive all these people? Have I given them birth so that you should say to me + +Moses used these questions to get God to think about the fact that Moses was not their father. AT: "I am not the father of all these people. So it is not fair that you should say to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby + +This means that Moses is to be responsible for the people who cannot take care of themselves, as a parent must care for an infant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Should I carry them ... to give them? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not expect me to carry them ... to give them!" or "I am not able to carry them ... to give them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/13.md b/num/11/13.md index 786238beee..bf272a409a 100644 --- a/num/11/13.md +++ b/num/11/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Where can I find meat to give to all this people? +Moses used this question to complain that it was impossible for him to give meat to all the people. AT: "I cannot possibly find enough meat to give to all these people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# I cannot bear all these people alone -* **Where can I find meat to give to all this people?** - AT: "I can't possibly find enough meat to give to all these people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **They are too much for me** - AT: "This responsibility is too much for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Moses speaks of leading and providing for the people as if he were carrying them. AT: "I cannot provide for all these people alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They are too much for me + +This is an idiom. AT: "This responsibility is too difficult for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/16.md b/num/11/16.md index ca32bcba78..427006d7e5 100644 --- a/num/11/16.md +++ b/num/11/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# some of the Spirit that is on you -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The "Spirit" here represents the power that God's Spirit had given to Moses so that Moses could do what God told him to do. AT: "some of the power that the Spirit has given you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# They will bear the burden of the people with you -* **some of the Spirit** - Here the word "Spirit" refers to the ability that Yahweh had given to Moses to perform the duties that Yahweh had assigned to him. +God speaks of the responsibility of leading and providing for the people as if it were a burden that Moses and the leaders would carry. AT: "They will help you care for the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will not have to bear it alone + +God speaks of the responsibility of leading and providing for the people as if it were a burden that Moses and the leaders would carry. AT: "You will not care for them alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/18.md b/num/11/18.md index a143e8f4f3..a0de6d3b8c 100644 --- a/num/11/18.md +++ b/num/11/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# Who will give us meat to eat? -* **prepare for Yahweh’s coming** - "prepare yourselves for when Yahweh comes" -* **for you have wept in Yahweh’s hearing** - "for Yahweh has heard you weeping" -* **Who will give us meat to eat?** - The Israelites ask this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. AT: “We wish that we had meat to eat.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **until it comes out of your nostrils** - AT: "until you are nauseated and vomit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Why did we leave Egypt?** - AT: "We never should have left Egypt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The Israelites had asked this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We wish that we had meat to eat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# until it comes out of your nostrils + +Possible meanings are 1) God speaks of vomiting as if the food would come out through their nostrils. AT: "until you are sick and vomit" or 2) they would eat so much meat that it would be as if it would come out of their nostrils. AT: "until it feels like it would have to come out of your nostrils" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why did we leave Egypt? + +The people had used this question to express regret and to complain. AT: "We never should have left Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/21.md b/num/11/21.md index c0f4ea3294..05c7a56f98 100644 --- a/num/11/21.md +++ b/num/11/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# 600,000 people -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"six hundred thousand people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them? Should we catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them? -* **600,000 people** - AT: "six-hundred thousand people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Will we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them? Will we catch all the fish of the sea to satisfy them?** - Moses asks these questions to express his doubt that there could be enough meat to feed all of the people. AT: "We would have to kill entire flocks and herds and catch all the fish of the sea to satisfy them!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **flocks and herds** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **to satisfy them** - "to satisfy their hunger" -* **Is my hand short?** - Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "Do you think that I am not powerful enough to do this?" or "I am more than strong enough to do this" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Moses uses these questions to express his doubt that there could be enough meat to feed all of the people. AT: "We would have to kill entire flocks and herds and catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# flocks and herds + +These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize a great number of animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# all the fish in the sea + +The word "all" is an exaggeration to show how impossible it was to provide food for all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# to satisfy them + +"to satisfy their hunger" + +# Is my hand short? + +Here the word "hand" represents God's power. God uses this question to rebuke Moses for thinking that God did not have the power to provide enough meat for the people. AT: "Do you think that I am not powerful enough to do this?" or "You should know I am more than strong enough to do this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/24.md b/num/11/24.md index e6fcaae37d..dfd6b6a276 100644 --- a/num/11/24.md +++ b/num/11/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's words -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"what Yahweh had said" -## translationNotes +# some of the Spirit that was on Moses -* **some of the Spirit...put it on the seventy elders** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:num:11:16]]. +The "Spirit" here represents the power that God's Spirit had given to Moses. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 11:17](./16.md). AT: "some of the power that the Spirit had given to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# put it on the seventy elders + +Giving power to the elders is spoken of as putting the Spirit on them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 11:17](./16.md). AT: "gave it to the seventy elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# When the Spirit rested on them + +Having power from the Spirit is spoken of as if the Spirit rested on them. AT: "When they had power from the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/26.md b/num/11/26.md index 842070dc88..a38ee3361f 100644 --- a/num/11/26.md +++ b/num/11/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The Spirit also rested on them +The Spirit giving them power is spoken of as if the Spirit rested on them. AT: "The Spirit also gave them power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Their names were written on the list -* **Their names were written on the list** - AT: "Moses had written their names on the list" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be written in active form. AT: "Moses had written their names on the list" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/28.md b/num/11/28.md index 5b340ca8cc..5ab2198500 100644 --- a/num/11/28.md +++ b/num/11/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# stop them -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] +"tell them to stop prophesying" -## translationNotes +# Are you jealous for my sake? -* **stop them** - AT: "tell them to stop prophesying" -* **Are you jealous for my sake?** - Moses uses this question to rebuke Joshua. AT: "Do not be jealous for my sake." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **jealous for my sake** - This means that Joshua was worried that Eldad and Medad posed a threat to Moses' authority. +Moses uses this question to rebuke Joshua. It can be translated as a statement, if necessary. AT: "You should not be jealous for my sake." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are you jealous for my sake? + +What Joshua might have been jealous about can be stated clearly if needed. AT: "Are you concerned that they might be taking away something that belongs to me?" or "Are you concerned that people will not respect my authority?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that he would put his Spirit on them all + +Moses speaks of God's Spirit giving people power as if God were to put his Spirit on them. AT: "that God's Spirit would give them all power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/31.md b/num/11/31.md index fe868075af..0cbe55ba79 100644 --- a/num/11/31.md +++ b/num/11/31.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# quail -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +a small bird (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# about a day's journey on one side and a day's journey on the other side -* **about a day’s journey on one side and a day’s journey on the other side** - "in each direction for as far as a person could walk in one day" -* **about two cubits** - A cubit is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. AT: "about 92 centimeters" or "about 1 meter" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) -* **No one gathered less than ten homers of quails** - AT: "Everyone gathered at least ten homers of quails" -* **ten homers** - A homer is a unit of volume equal to about 220 liters. AT: "2,200 liters" or "2.2 cubit meters" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"in each direction for as far as a person could walk in one day" + +# about two cubits + +A cubit is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. AT: "about 92 centimeters" or "about 1 meter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# No one gathered less than ten homers of quail + +This is a double negative which can be expressed as a positive statement. AT: "Everyone gathered at least ten homers of quail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# ten homers + +A homer is a unit of volume equal to about 220 liters. AT: "2,200 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/33.md b/num/11/33.md index 748e69dd47..c85c3f7efa 100644 --- a/num/11/33.md +++ b/num/11/33.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that God punished them immediately, even while they were eating the meat. AT: "While they were still eating the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah -* **While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "While they were still eating the meat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **between their teeth...were chewing it** - AT: "as they were eating it" These phrases describe the act of eating. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah** - AT: "They named that place Kibroth Hattaavah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They named that place Kibroth Hattaavah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hazeroth + +This is the name of a place in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/intro.md b/num/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7363c8624b --- /dev/null +++ b/num/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Numbers 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Complaining ##### +Moses complained about having too much responsibility. Therefore, God gave seventy men the spirit of prophecy to help Moses. The people complained about food, even though Yahweh was miraculously providing them with their food. The people complained because they did not have meat or fish to eat. God sent them quail. He punished some of the people, but it does not say why God did this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/01.md b/num/12/01.md index dc244bd19b..425a797d99 100644 --- a/num/12/01.md +++ b/num/12/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Has Yahweh spoken only with Moses? Has he not spoken also with us? -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:miriam]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Miriam and Aaron use these questions to complain that Moses had so much authority and they did not. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Yahweh has not spoken only with Moses. He has also spoken with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Now Yahweh heard -* **Has Yahweh spoken only with Moses? Has he not spoken also with us?** - Miriam and Aaron ask these questions to emphasize that Yahweh has spoken to them, also, and that they should have authority like Moses. AT: "Yahweh has not spoken only with Moses. He has also spoken with us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Now Yahweh heard** - Here the word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -* **Now the man Moses** - Here the word “now” is used to mark a break in the main storyline. The narrator tells background information about Moses' character. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +The word "Now" hear draws attention to the important point that follows. + +# Now the man Moses + +"Now" is used to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about Moses' character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/04.md b/num/12/04.md index 3a51bb057c..465e594f4a 100644 --- a/num/12/04.md +++ b/num/12/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# a pillar of cloud -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +The shape of the cloud is spoken of as if it were a pillar. AT: "a cloud shaped like a pillar" or "a tall cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/06.md b/num/12/06.md index 9448835693..fbe12c9755 100644 --- a/num/12/06.md +++ b/num/12/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# My servant Moses is not like that -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"I do not speak to Moses like that" -## translationNotes +# He is faithful in all my house -* **My servant Moses is not like that** - AT: "I do not speak to Moses like that" -* **He is faithful in all my house** - Here the word "house" refers to the nation of Israel. AT: "Moses is the one whom I trust to lead Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **So why are you unafraid to speak against my servant, against Moses?** - Yahweh asks this question to rebuke Miriam and Aaron. AT: "You should be afraid to speak against my servant, against Moses." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **against my servant, against Moses?** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "my house" represents the nation of Israel. Being faithful in God's house represents being faithful in leading Israel. AT: "Moses leads my people faithfully" or "Moses is the one whom I trust to lead my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So why are you unafraid to speak against my servant, against Moses? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke Miriam and Aaron. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should be afraid to speak against my servant, against Moses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# against my servant, against Moses + +The phrase "against Moses" clarifies that he is the "servant" of whom Yahweh speaks. AT: "against my servant, Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/09.md b/num/12/09.md index 99a7e18193..87d7c93a64 100644 --- a/num/12/09.md +++ b/num/12/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's anger burned against them -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:leprosy]] -* [[en:tw:miriam]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire. AT: "Yahweh became very angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# was as white as snow -* **Yahweh’s anger burned against them** - AT: "Yahweh became very angry with them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **as white as snow** - Leprosy turned Miriam's skin white. +Leprosy turned Miriam's skin white. AT: "became very white" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/11.md b/num/12/11.md index bfedce82a7..b8c98bea1d 100644 --- a/num/12/11.md +++ b/num/12/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# do not hold this sin against us -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +To hold people's sin against them is to say that they are guilty for their sin. Here it represents punishing them for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Please do not let her be like a dead newborn whose flesh is half consumed -* **Please do not let her be like a dead newborn whose flesh is half consumed when it emerges from its mother’s womb** - Aaron compares Miriam to a stillborn baby whose body is already decaying because the leprosy would cause her body to decay until she dies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Miriam's leprosy would cause her body to decay until she died. The flesh being decayed is spoken of as if it were eaten. AT: "Please do not let her be like a dead newborn baby whose flesh is half decayed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/13.md b/num/12/13.md index 5d33b0ee72..66d9c47469 100644 --- a/num/12/13.md +++ b/num/12/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Please heal her, God, please -* [[en:tw:disgrace]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] +Here "please" is repeated for emphasis. -## translationNotes +# If her father had spit in her face -* **Please heal her, God, please** - Here the word "please" is repeated for emphasis. -* **If her father had spit in her face** - This describes something that could have happened but did not. Spitting in someone's face was an act of insult and made the person who was spit upon unclean. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Miriam was shut outside the camp** - AT: "Moses shut Miriam outside the camp" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This describes something that could have happened but did not. Spitting in someone's face was a terrible insult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Miriam was shut outside the camp + +Being sent out of the camp and not being allowed to go back in is spoken of as if there were a door that was closed behind her. AT: "Miriam was sent outside the camp" or "Miriam was kept outside the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Miriam was shut outside the camp + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses shut Miriam outside the camp" or "Moses sent Miriam outside the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/16.md b/num/12/16.md index ab913e8e69..0cf0193b2e 100644 --- a/num/12/16.md +++ b/num/12/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Hazeroth -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:paran]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Hazeroth** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a place in the desert. See how you translated it in [Numbers 11:35](../11/33.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/intro.md b/num/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cce2f05a99 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:6-8, which are an important quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +God used the idiom "mouth to mouth" meaning "speaking directly with both people present." This indicated that Moses was more than just a prophet and greater than other prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/01.md b/num/13/01.md index cffef36eee..cef10b1ff2 100644 --- a/num/13/01.md +++ b/num/13/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# which I have given -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God had decided that the land of Canaan would belong to the people of Israel, but they had not yet moved into it. AT: "which I have decided to give" or "which I will soon give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## translationNotes +# Each man must be a leader among them -* **Each man must be a leader among them** - "Each man whom you send must be a leader among his tribe" +"Each man whom you send must be a leader among his tribe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/03.md b/num/13/03.md index c839ad3892..098cc48769 100644 --- a/num/13/03.md +++ b/num/13/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Shammua son of Zaccur -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:paran]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:son]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Shammua son of Zaccur** - These are men's names (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/05.md b/num/13/05.md index 21ad6906f7..6490118c21 100644 --- a/num/13/05.md +++ b/num/13/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Shaphat ... Hori ... Jephunneh ... Igal ... Joseph ... Nun -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Shaphat, Hori, Jephunneh, Igal, Joseph, Nun** - These are all men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hoshea** - This is another spelling for "Joshua." +These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/09.md b/num/13/09.md index c5ca44a1bb..b0d4078b57 100644 --- a/num/13/09.md +++ b/num/13/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Palti ... Raphu ... Gaddiel ... Sodi ... Gaddi ... Susi ... Ammiel ... Gemalli -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# from the tribe of Joseph (that is to say, from the tribe Manasseh) -* **Palti, Raphu, Gaddiel, Sodi, Gaddi, Susi, Ammiel, Gemalli** - These are all men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **namely** - "that is" +The relationship between between Joseph and Manasseh can be stated clearly. AT: "from the tribe of Joseph's son Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/13.md b/num/13/13.md index 128661fc61..af64c74f08 100644 --- a/num/13/13.md +++ b/num/13/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Sethur ... Michael ... Nahbi ... Vophsi ... Geuel ... Maki -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Hoshea son of Nun -* **Sethur, Michael, Nahbi, Vophsi, Geuel, Machi** - These are all men's names. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 13:8](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/17.md b/num/13/17.md index cafcb3d131..b703f38c44 100644 --- a/num/13/17.md +++ b/num/13/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Is it good or bad? What cities are there? Are they like camps, or are they fortified cities? -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +Moses asks these questions to explain the kind of information that the men were to report back to him. These can be expressed as a statement. AT: "See if the land is good or bad, what kind of cities are there, and whether those cities are only camps, or whether they have defensive walls around them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Are they like camps, or are they fortified cities -* **Is it good or bad? What cities are there? Are they like camps, or are they fortified cities?** - Moses asks these questions to explain the kind of information that the men were to report back to him. AT: "See if the land is good or bad, what kind of cities are there, and whether those cities are only camps, or whether they have defensive walls around them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Fortified cities had strong walls around them to protect them from enemy armies. Camps did not have these walls. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/21.md b/num/13/21.md index bb7331e5e5..e9e72c9221 100644 --- a/num/13/21.md +++ b/num/13/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Zin ... Rehob ... Zoan -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:hamath]] -* [[en:tw:hebron]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the wilderness of Zin -* **Zin, Rehob, Zoan** - These are names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt** - AT: "the Canaanites had built Hebron 7 years before the Egyptians built Zoan" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Ahiman, Sheshai, Talmai, Anak** - These are names of people groups. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The word "Zin" here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Canaanites had built Hebron 7 years before the Egyptians built Zoan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ahiman ... Sheshai ... Talmai + +These are names of clans that were named after their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anak + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/23.md b/num/13/23.md index 528e1f8bc5..36b9376fdd 100644 --- a/num/13/23.md +++ b/num/13/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Eshkol -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# between two of their group -* **Eshcol** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **between two of their group** - "between two men of their group" -* **That place was named** - AT: "They named that place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"between two men of their group" + +# That place was named + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They named that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/25.md b/num/13/25.md index 79eb784b00..482e3f174a 100644 --- a/num/13/25.md +++ b/num/13/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# After forty days -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:paran]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"After 40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# They brought back word -* **After forty days** - AT: "After 40 days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **brought back word to them** - Here the word "them" refers to Moses and Aaron. +Here "word" refers to a report. AT: "They brought back their report" or "They reported what they had seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/27.md b/num/13/27.md index 87065c6302..a1656f68d3 100644 --- a/num/13/27.md +++ b/num/13/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It certainly flows with milk and honey -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:hittite]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +"Milk and honey certainly flow there." They spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. AT: "It is certainly excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" or "It is certainly very fertile land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# milk -* **It certainly flows with milk and honey** - This means that the land will be rich and productive, so there will be enough food for everyone. AT: “It certainly is a land that is excellent for delicious food” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Since milk comes from cows and goats, it represents livestock and the food produced from the the livestock. AT: "food from livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honey + +Since honey is produced from flowers, it represents crops and the food produced from the crops. AT: "food from crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/30.md b/num/13/30.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0736e4ec9a..0000000000 --- a/num/13/30.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. diff --git a/num/13/32.md b/num/13/32.md index 0209fc0456..c061980395 100644 --- a/num/13/32.md +++ b/num/13/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# they spread around ... They said -* [[en:tw:giant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:report]] +Here "they" refers to all of the men who examined the land except for Caleb and Joshua. -## translationNotes +# the land that they had examined -* **they spread around...They said** - Here the word "they" refers to all of the men who examined the land except for Caleb and Joshua. -* **the land that they had examined** - Here the word "they" refers to all of the men who examined the land including Caleb and Joshua. -* **a land that eats up its inhabitants** - The men say this in order to frighten the rest of the people. "Eats up" means to destroy. AT: "a land where the people will kill us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Anak** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **In our own sight...in their sight** - AT: "In our own opinion...in their opinion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **we were like grasshoppers in comparison with them** - AT: "we are as small as grasshoppers in comparison with them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here "they" refers to all of the men who examined the land including Caleb and Joshua. + +# a land that eats up its inhabitants + +The men speak of the land, or the people of the land, being very dangerous as if the land ate up people. AT: "a very dangerous land" or "a land where the people will kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Anak + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# In our own sight ... in their sight + +Here sight represents evaluation and judgement. AT: "In our own opinion ... in their opinion" or "In our own judgement ... in their judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we were like grasshoppers in comparison with them + +The men speak of grasshoppers to show how very small they thought themselves to be compared to the people of the land. AT: "we are as small as grasshoppers in comparison with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/intro.md b/num/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25d69af582 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Spies ##### + +Leaders from each of the tribes went to spy on the Promised Land in Canaan. Yahweh was not concerned with how many people were there, because he could defeat them. It appears that he is testing the faith of the people. The people were supposed to be excited to enter this wonderful land, instead they were afraid. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/01.md b/num/14/01.md index d4b86e3eee..825cf5a6a0 100644 --- a/num/14/01.md +++ b/num/14/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Why did Yahweh bring us to this land to die by the sword? -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The people use this question in order to complain and accuse Yahweh of treating them unfairly. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh should not have brought us to this land only to die by the sword." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# to die by the sword -* **Why did Yahweh bring us to this land to die by the sword?** - The people ask this question in order to complain and accuse Yahweh of treating them unfairly. AT: "Yahweh should not have brought us to this land only to die by the sword." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to die by the sword** - AT: "to die in battle" or "to have people kill us with swords" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Is it not better for us to return to Egypt?** - AT: "It is better for us to return to Egypt than to try to conquer Canaan." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "the sword" represents either being killed by the sword or being killed in battle. AT: "to die when people attack us with swords" or "to die in battle" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Is it not better for us to return to Egypt? + +The people use this question to encourage people to agree with them that it would be better to return to Egypt. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It would be better for us to return to Egypt than to try to conquer Canaan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/04.md b/num/14/04.md index 2fad258c0c..831ab7323c 100644 --- a/num/14/04.md +++ b/num/14/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They said to each another -* [[en:tw:assembly]] +This refers to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# lay facedown -* **They said to each another** - This refers to the people of Israel. -* **lay face down** - This was a posture of submission and indicates that Aaron and Moses were praying to Yahweh and fearful of how he might react to the people's rebelling. +"lay down with their faces touching the ground." Moses and Aaron did this to show that they were humbling themselves before God. They feared that God might punish the people for rebelling against him. AT: "lay facedown in humility to God" or "lay facedown to pray to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/06.md b/num/14/06.md index f7b566edd2..ec531bb41e 100644 --- a/num/14/06.md +++ b/num/14/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Nun ... Jephunneh -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# who were some of those sent -* **Nun, Jephunneh** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **who were some of those sent** - AT: "who were some of those whom Moses sent" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **tore their clothes** - Tearing one's clothes was a gesture of deep mourning. -* **flows with milk and honey** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:13:27]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who were some of those whom Moses sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tore their clothes + +Tearing one's clothes was a gesture indicating the person is very troubled and is mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# The land flows with milk and honey + +They spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants flowed through it. See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:27](../13/27.md). AT: "It is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" or "It is very fertile land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/09.md b/num/14/09.md index 451a5a9400..ebce9de623 100644 --- a/num/14/09.md +++ b/num/14/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Joshua and Caleb continue speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# We will consume them as easily as food -* **We will consume them as easily as food** - AT: "We will destroy them as easily as we can eat food" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Their protection will be removed from them ** - AT: "Yahweh will remove their protection from them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Joshua and Caleb speak of destroying their enemies as if they were to eat them. AT: "We will destroy them as easily as we can eat food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Their protection will be removed from them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will remove their protection from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Their protection + +The abstract noun "protection" can be stated as "protect." AT: "Anyone that might protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/11.md b/num/14/11.md index 4bcbe50b77..050991aa20 100644 --- a/num/14/11.md +++ b/num/14/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# How long must this people despise me? How long must they fail to trust me, despite all the signs ... them? -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh uses these questions to show that he was angry and had lost patience with the people. They can be translated as statements. AT: "This people has despised me for too long. They have failed to trust me for too long, despite all the signs ... them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# disinherit them -* **How long must this people despise me? How long must they fail to trust me, despite all the signs...?** - Yahweh asks these questions because he has lost patience with the people. AT: "This people has despised me for too long. They have failed to trust me for too long, despite all the signs..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **disinherit them** - Possible meanings are "reject them from being my people" or "destroy them." -* **make from your own clan** - Here the word "your" is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +"reject them from being my people." This may imply that he would destroy them, and some versions translate it that way. + +# make from your own clan + +Here "your" is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/13.md b/num/14/13.md index 2e41a2a6db..5d60acbe5f 100644 --- a/num/14/13.md +++ b/num/14/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# you are seen face to face -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] - -## translationNotes - -* **you are seen face to face** - AT: "they see you in person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Moses speaks of God showing himself to his people as if God had allowed them to actually see his face. AT: "they have seen you" or 2) Moses speaks of the intimate relationship between him and God as if Moses could see God's face when God spoke to him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you speak directly to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/15.md b/num/14/15.md index c50bad5560..901b57d412 100644 --- a/num/14/15.md +++ b/num/14/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# as one man -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] - -## translationNotes - -* **as one person** - AT: "all at one time" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Killing them all at the same time is spoken of as killing them as one person. AT: "all at one time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/17.md b/num/14/17.md index c6742dcff9..172fbd3bd5 100644 --- a/num/14/17.md +++ b/num/14/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# abundant in covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "always faithful to his covenant" or "always faithfully loves his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# He will by no means clear the guilty -* **He will by no means clear the guilty** - AT: "He will always punish the guilty" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"he will certainly not clear guilty people." Clearing away people's sin is a metaphor for refusing to punish them. God would not clear away the sin of guilty people. AT: "He will always punish the guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when he brings the punishment of the ancestors' sin on their descendants + +Punishing people is spoken of as if punishment were an object that could be brought and put on people. AT: "when he punishes the guilty people's descendants for the guilty people's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/20.md b/num/14/20.md index dae49edf04..5a313d3ae3 100644 --- a/num/14/20.md +++ b/num/14/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all the earth will be filled with my glory -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:tempt]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my glory will fill all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# they have still tempted me -* **all the earth will be filled with my glory** - AT: "my glory will fill all the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **have not listened to my voice** - AT: "have not obeyed what I have said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"they have continued to test me" + +# these ten times + +Here the number 10 represents too many times. AT: "too many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have not listened to my voice + +Here "listened" represents obedience, and God's voice represents what he said. AT: "have not obeyed what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/23.md b/num/14/23.md index f543755efd..034fcb2134 100644 --- a/num/14/23.md +++ b/num/14/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# because he had another spirit -* **they will certainly not see the land...will see it** - AT: "they will certainly not live in the land...will live in it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **because he had another spirit** - Here the word “spirit” refers to Caleb's attitude. AT: “because he had a different attitude” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "spirit" represents his attitude. Caleb was willing to obey God. What his attitude was can be stated clearly. AT: "because he had a different attitude" or "because he was willing to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/26.md b/num/14/26.md index f2a195325d..ba6757418e 100644 --- a/num/14/26.md +++ b/num/14/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# How long must I tolerate this evil community that criticizes me? -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh asks this question because he has lost patience with the people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have tolerated this evil community who has criticized me long enough." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# I have heard the complaining of the people of Israel -* **How long must I tolerate this evil community that criticizes me?** - Yahweh asks this question because he has lost patience with the people. AT: "I have tolerated this evil community who criticizes me for long enough" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I have heard the complaining of the people of Israel** - AT: "I have heard the people of Israel complain" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +The word "complaining," an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. AT: "I have heard the people of Israel complain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/28.md b/num/14/28.md index 7f3c69f9d0..8c4d0179bb 100644 --- a/num/14/28.md +++ b/num/14/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# as you have spoken in my hearing -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:census]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +"as I have heard you say" -## translationNotes +# Your dead bodies will fall -* **as you have spoken in my hearing** - AT: "as I have heard what you have spoken" -* **Your dead bodies will fall** - AT: "You will die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you who were counted in the census** - AT: "you whom Moses counted in the census" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Their dead bodies falling represents them dying. AT: "You will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you who were counted in the census + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you whom Moses counted in the census" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from twenty years old and upward + +"twenty years old and older" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/31.md b/num/14/31.md index ca18ce6e82..c0ffc132cc 100644 --- a/num/14/31.md +++ b/num/14/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your dead bodies will fall -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] +Their dead bodies falling represents them dying. AT: "you will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Your children will be shepherds in the wilderness -* **your dead bodies will fall** - AT: "you will die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **until the wilderness kills your bodies** - AT: "until you all are dead in the wilderness" +Some modern versions choose to translate, "Your children will wander in the wilderness." This is because in ancient times, shepherds usually wandered from place to place so their flocks and herds could find pasture. + +# They must bear the consequences of your acts + +"They must suffer the consequences of your acts" or "They must suffer because of your acts" + +# until the end of your corpses + +A corpse is a dead body. The end of their corpses represents the last of the them dying. AT: "until the last one of you dies" or "until all of you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/34.md b/num/14/34.md index 77ba0f0405..ee3223e8c9 100644 --- a/num/14/34.md +++ b/num/14/34.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# bear the consequences of your sins -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:iyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"suffer the consequences of your sins" or "suffer because of your sins" -## translationNotes +# They will be completely cut off -* **They will be consumed in this wilderness. Here they will die** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They will be consumed in this wilderness** - AT: "This wilderness will cause them to die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This probably means that they will no longer exist. AT: "they will come to an end" or "they will all be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/36.md b/num/14/36.md index 68bb3d3b53..4e1664f62f 100644 --- a/num/14/36.md +++ b/num/14/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:report]] +The information in 14:36-37 has been rearranged in the UDB so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## translationNotes +# died of a plague before Yahweh -* **by the plague before Yahweh** - AT: "in the plague that Yahweh sent" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"died by the plague in his presence." Because it says that they died in his presence, it is implied that he caused them to die. AT: "died in Yahweh's presence by the plague that he caused" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/39.md b/num/14/39.md index 2c67dd60a2..f200f2cf8b 100644 --- a/num/14/39.md +++ b/num/14/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Look** - The word “Look” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +"Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. "Indeed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/41.md b/num/14/41.md index a8da97c366..ae32a82477 100644 --- a/num/14/41.md +++ b/num/14/41.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you now violating Yahweh's command? -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses asks this question to rebuke the people of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not be violating Yahweh's command again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh is not with you -* **Why are you now violating Yahweh’s command?** - Moses asks this question to rebuke the people of Israel. AT: "You should not be violating Yahweh's command again." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **to prevent you from being defeated by your enemies** - AT: "to prevent your enemies from defeating you" or "to give you victory over your enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you will die by the sword** - AT: "they will kill you with their swords" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Helping them is spoken of as being with them. AT: "Yahweh will not help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to prevent you from being defeated by your enemies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to prevent your enemies from defeating you" or "to give you victory over your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will die by the sword + +Here "the sword" refers to battle. AT: "you will die in battle" or "they will kill you when you fight against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you turned back from following Yahweh + +Obeying Yahweh is spoken of as following him, and stopping doing that is spoken of as turning away from him. AT: "you stopped obeying Yahweh" or "you have decided not to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will not be with you + +Helping them is spoken of as being with them. AT: "he will not help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/44.md b/num/14/44.md index 1c135451df..7bed2819e7 100644 --- a/num/14/44.md +++ b/num/14/44.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# they presumed to go up into the hill country -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +"they dared to go up into the hill country even though God did not approve" -## translationNotes +# into the hill country -* **they presumed to go up** - "they dared to go up without Yahweh's approval" -* **into the hill country** - Much of the land of Israel is elevated. When the Israelites crossed the Jordan River valley to attack the Canaanites, there were hills that they had to climb in order to go farther into the land of Canaan. +Much of the land of Israel is elevated. When the Israelites crossed the Jordan River valley to attack the Canaanites, there were hills that they had to climb in order to go farther into the land of Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/intro.md b/num/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..73d14d5e08 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Numbers 14 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +The author uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions indicate that people did not have faith in Yahweh. Yahweh also uses rhetorical questions to show the people's lack of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/01.md b/num/15/01.md index 4c8ef0eb28..3c82c4d02c 100644 --- a/num/15/01.md +++ b/num/15/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:feast|]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Numbers 15:1-32 tells what God told Moses to tell the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# to produce a pleasing aroma for Yahweh from the herd or the flock -* **to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh** - "to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh" +"to produce from the herd or flock a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. AT: "to please Yahweh by burning a sacrifice from the herd or the flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/04.md b/num/15/04.md index 8d024f834a..bb5287152e 100644 --- a/num/15/04.md +++ b/num/15/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a burnt offering -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This refers to the offerings spoken of in [Numbers 15:3](./04.md). -## translationNotes +# a tenth of an ephah -* **a tenth of an ephah** - An ephah is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "about 2 liters" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **a fourth of a hin** - A hin is a unit of volume equal to about 3.7 liters. AT: "about 1 liter" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +An ephah is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "about 2 liters" or "two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# one-fourth of a hin + +A hin is a unit of volume equal to about 3.7 liters. AT: "about 1 liter" or "one liter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/06.md b/num/15/06.md index 11a19b56f2..5f94d9ab59 100644 --- a/num/15/06.md +++ b/num/15/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# two-tenths of an ephah -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +An ephah is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "4 liters" or "four and a half liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# a third of a hin -* **produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:15:01]]. +A hin is a unit of volume equal to about 3.7 liters. AT: "one liter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# It will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +"It will produce a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. AT: "You will please Yahweh by offering it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/08.md b/num/15/08.md index 9914c22565..0a78328b6f 100644 --- a/num/15/08.md +++ b/num/15/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# three-tenths of an ephah -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "six and one half liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# half a hin -* **made by fire** - AT: "that you burned on the altar" +You may convert this to a modern measure AT: "two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you burn on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +"to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. AT: "to please Yahweh by offering it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/11.md b/num/15/11.md index cde8955557..009db964c5 100644 --- a/num/15/11.md +++ b/num/15/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# It must be done -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# must be done as described -* **It must be done** - AT: "You must do it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **must be done as described** - AT: "you must do as I have described" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **made by fire** - AT: "that you burned on the altar" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must do as I have described" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that they burn on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to produce an aroma that is pleasing to Yahweh + +"to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh." Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if Yahweh were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. AT: "to please Yahweh by offering it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/14.md b/num/15/14.md index 0a0fd010f8..8fd3dc3a55 100644 --- a/num/15/14.md +++ b/num/15/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he must make an offering made by fire -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must burn an offering on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh -* **As you are, so also must be the traveler** - AT: "You and the traveler are alike before Yahweh" or "The same law applies to both you and the traveler" -* **before Yahweh** - In order to obey Yahweh and please him. -* **law and decree** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. AT: "to please Yahweh by offering it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# As you are, so also must be the traveler + +Possible meanings are 1) "You and the traveler staying with you are alike before Yahweh" or 2) "The same law applies to both you and the traveler" + +# He must act as you act before Yahweh + +"He must act as you act in Yahweh's presence." Because it says that they must act as the Israelites in Yahweh's presence, it is implied that they must obey all of Yahweh's commands. AT: "he must act as you act and obey all of Yahweh's commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/17.md b/num/15/17.md index 736c84f658..11290f5a03 100644 --- a/num/15/17.md +++ b/num/15/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the food produced in the land -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the food produced in the land** - AT: "the food that the land produces" or "the food that you produce in the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the food that the land produces" or "the food that you produce in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/20.md b/num/15/20.md index be531fecb1..4a353138ed 100644 --- a/num/15/20.md +++ b/num/15/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the first of your dough -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the first grain that they would gather during the harvest or 2) the dough that they would make from the first of their grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# a loaf -* **to raise it up as a raised offering** - AT: "to offer it as a contribution" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Calling it a loaf implies that they would cooked the dough first. + +# to raise it up as a raised offering + +This idiom "raise it up" refers to offering it as a gift. AT: "to offer it as a gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a raised offering from the threshing floor + +The offering is spoken of as being from the threshing floor because this is where they would separate the grain from the other parts of the plant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/22.md b/num/15/22.md index 8968e670a3..9b71375e28 100644 --- a/num/15/22.md +++ b/num/15/22.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +God continues telling Moses what he must tell the people. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **must be made a grain offering** - AT: "you must make a grain offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **as commanded by the decree** - AT: "as the decree commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "you" here refers to Israelite people. + +# to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +"to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord being pleased with the sincere worshipers who offer the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. AT: "to please Yahweh by burning it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# must be made a grain offering and drink offering + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must make a grain offering and drink offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as commanded by the decree + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as the decree commands" or "as I commanded when I made the decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/25.md b/num/15/25.md index 584cf04e1a..aa38db3301 100644 --- a/num/15/25.md +++ b/num/15/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They will be forgiven -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# made by fire -* **They will be forgiven** - AT: "I will forgive them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **made by fire** - AT: "that you burned on the altar" -* **all the community of the people of Israel will be forgiven** - AT: "I will forgive all the community of the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that they made by fire" or "that they burned on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the community of the people of Israel will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will forgive all the community of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/27.md b/num/15/27.md index 3a6cdfcb9a..5dee843f9e 100644 --- a/num/15/27.md +++ b/num/15/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# a female goat a year old -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"a 1-year-old female goat" -## translationNotes +# That person will be forgiven when atonement has been made -* **That person will be forgiven when atonement has been made** - AT: "I will forgive that person when the priest has made atonement" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will forgive that person when the priest has made atonement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/30.md b/num/15/30.md index de3b60f2c4..383dc00951 100644 --- a/num/15/30.md +++ b/num/15/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# That person must be cut off from among his people -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "his people must send him away" or 2) "I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel" or 3) "his people must kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# has broken my commandment -* **That person must be cut off** - AT: "You must cut that person off" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **His sin will be on him** - Here the word "sin" refers to the consequences of sin. AT: "He will suffer the consequences for his sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Not obeying a commandment is spoken of as breaking it. AT: "has disobeyed my commandment" or "has not obeyed what I commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His sin will be on him + +Here "sin" represents either 1) punishment for that sin or 2) guilt of that sin. Sin being on him is a metaphor for either 1) being punished or 2) being guilty. AT: 1) "I will punish him because of his sin" or 2) "I will consider him guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/32.md b/num/15/32.md index c67fe6a55c..ac26f22e20 100644 --- a/num/15/32.md +++ b/num/15/32.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# it had not been declared what should be done with him -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] - -## translationNotes - -* ** it had not been declared what should be done with him** - AT: "Yahweh had not declared what they should do with him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh had not declared what they should do with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/35.md b/num/15/35.md index 0c86b2ae48..f3a83976a0 100644 --- a/num/15/35.md +++ b/num/15/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The man must surely be put to death -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **The man must surely be put to death** - AT: "You must surely put the man to death" or "The man must surely die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must surely put the man to death" or "The man must surely die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/37.md b/num/15/37.md index 6561d281eb..af4c1b5470 100644 --- a/num/15/37.md +++ b/num/15/37.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the descendants of Israel -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +"the people of Israel" -## translationNotes +# to carry them out -* **follow after your own heart and your own eyes** - Here the words "heart" and "eyes" refer to what a person wants and thinks is right. AT: "do whatever you desire or think is right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **act like spiritual prostitutes** - AT: "act unfaithfully" or "worship false gods" +"to obey them" + +# so that you do not look to your own heart and your own eyes + +"Look to" here is a metaphor for think about. The heart represents what a person wants, and the eyes represent what a person sees and wants. AT: "so that you do not think about whatever you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prostitute yourselves to them + +Being unfaithful to God by choosing to do whatever they want is spoken of as if they were women who were unfaithful to their husband by choosing to have sinful relationships with other men. It can be stated clearly that this was a shameful thing to do. AT: "be shamefully unfaithful to me" or "do those things instead of obeying me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/40.md b/num/15/40.md index 1657f04043..52b4614530 100644 --- a/num/15/40.md +++ b/num/15/40.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +God continues telling Moses what to tell the people of Israel. The word "you" refers to the people. -## translationNotes +# call to mind -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I am Yahweh your God** - This phrase is repeated for emphasis. +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am Yahweh your God + +This clause is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/intro.md b/num/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8936d34644 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Numbers 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Purifying the people ##### +As the people travel through the wilderness, Yahweh is purifying them. He is doing this so that they are able to enter into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prostitution ##### + +The imagery of prostitution is commonly used in Scripture to indicate that Yahweh alone is to be worshiped. The people are compared to the prostitute because a husband is to only have a sexual relationship with his wife. Both the prostitute and the worship of other gods are violations of this exclusive relationship. Many cultures will struggle with this imagery because of a desire to use euphemisms. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/01.md b/num/16/01.md index 85a8e092ed..dd55829065 100644 --- a/num/16/01.md +++ b/num/16/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Kohath -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:member]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). -## translationNotes +# rose up against Moses -* **rose up against Moses** - AT: "rebelled against Moses" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **two hundred and fifty** - "250" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **who were well known members in the community** - AT: "members in the community whom everyone knew well" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You take too much on yourselves** - AT: "You take too much authority" -* **Why do you lift up yourselves above the rest of Yahweh’s community?** - The men ask this question to rebuke Moses and Aaron. AT: "You are wrong to lift up yourselves above the rest of Yahweh's community." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **lift up yourselves above** - AT: "make yourselves the only leaders of" or "make yourselves more important than" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Rebelling or criticizing someone in authority is spoken of as if they were standing up to fight. AT: "rebelled against Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# two hundred and fifty + +"250" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# well-known members in the community + +"famous members of the community" or "important men in the community" + +# You have gone too far + +This represents doing more than one should. AT: "You have done more than you should" or "You assume to have more authority than you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Why do you lift up yourselves above the rest of Yahweh's community? + +The men ask this question to rebuke Moses and Aaron. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are wrong to lift up yourselves above the rest of Yahweh's community." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# lift up yourselves above the rest + +Considering someone to be important is spoken of as lifting it up. AT: "consider yourselves more important than the rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/04.md b/num/16/04.md index 84a0c1ac1f..8d15d13075 100644 --- a/num/16/04.md +++ b/num/16/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he lay facedown +This indicates that Moses was humbling himself before God. He was afraid that God would punish the people for rebelling against God and his chosen leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# who is set apart to him -* **he lay face down** - This was a posture of submission and indicates that Moses was praying to Yahweh and fearful of how he might react to the people's rebellion. -* **who is reserved for Yahweh** - AT: "whom Yahweh has reserved for himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **bring him up to himself** - Here the word "him" refers to the man whom Yahweh chooses and "himself" refers to Yahweh. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Yahweh has set apart for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/06.md b/num/16/06.md index fe79aa248c..ed4c9f2c7c 100644 --- a/num/16/06.md +++ b/num/16/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] +Moses continues speaking to Korah and the men who were with Korah. -## translationNotes +# censers -* **censers** - A censer is a container that people use to burn incense. -* **before Yahweh** - AT: "in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the one reserved for him** - AT: "the one whom Yahweh has reserved for himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You have gone too far** - These are the same words that the men use to accuse Moses and Aaron in [[en:bible:notes:num:16:01]]. AT: "It is you who are trying to use more authority than you should" (UDB) +containers in which to burn incense + +# before Yahweh + +This is an idiom. AT: "in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that man will be set apart to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will set apart that man for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You have gone too far + +This represents doing more than one should. AT: "You have done more than you should" or "You assume to have more authority than you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/08.md b/num/16/08.md index dc15f64ad4..d4390173bb 100644 --- a/num/16/08.md +++ b/num/16/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# is it a small thing for you ... to serve them? -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses uses this question to rebuke Korah and the men with him. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You behave as though it it is a small thing for you ... to serve them!" or "You should not consider it a small thing ... to serve them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# a small thing for you -* **is it a small thing for you...to serve them?** - Moses asks this question to rebuke Korah. AT: "it is a great thing for you...to serve them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you are seeking the priesthood also** - Moses uses this phrase as a rebuke, since this is something that they should not be doing. AT: "you want to be priests also" -* **So why are you complaining about Aaron, who obeys Yahweh?** - AT: "You should not be complaining about Aaron, who obeys Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"not enough for you" or "unimportant to you" + +# you are seeking the priesthood also + +Wanting to have the priesthood is spoken of as if they were looking for it. AT: "you want to have the priesthood too" or "you want to be priests also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So why are you complaining about Aaron, who obeys Yahweh? + +Moses uses this question to show them that when they complain about what Aaron does, they are really complaining against Yahweh, because Aaron was doing what Yahweh told him to do. AT: "You are not really complaining about Aaron, but about Yahweh, whom Aaron obeys!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/12.md b/num/16/12.md index 0e87a9e3d3..716b30e3a6 100644 --- a/num/16/12.md +++ b/num/16/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Is it a small thing that you have brought us ... to kill us in the wilderness -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Dathan and Abiram use this question to rebuke Moses. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You behave as though it was a small thing for you to bring us ... so that we can die in the wilderness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# a small thing -* **Is it a small thing that you have brought us up out of a land flowing with milk and honey, to kill us in the wilderness** - Dathan and Abiram ask this question to rebuke Moses. AT: "You act as if it was not enough for you to bring us up out of a land flowing with milk and honey in order to kill us in the wilderness." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **flowing with milk and honey** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:13:27]]. -* **Now do you want to blind us with empty promises?** - AT: "Now we think that you want to blind us with empty promises." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **blind us with empty promises** - AT: "deceive us with promises that you can't keep" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"not enough" or "unimportant" + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +They spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Numbers 14:08](../14/06.md). AT: "that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" or "a very fertile land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as an inheritance + +They spoke of what God would give them to be theirs forever as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now do you want to blind us with empty promises? + +The people used this question to accuse Moses. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now you want to blind us with empty promises." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to blind us + +Deceiving people is spoken of as making them blind. AT: "to deceive us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with empty promises + +They speak of promises that are not kept as if they are empty containers. AT: "with promises that you do not keep" or "by promising to do things that you do not do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/15.md b/num/16/15.md index 3af377c089..7e25746c2e 100644 --- a/num/16/15.md +++ b/num/16/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I have not taken one donkey from them -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +One donkey here represents anything that a person my take from someone else. AT: "I have not taken anything from them, not even one donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# censer -* **Each of you must take** - Here the word "you" is plural and refers to Korah, his company, and Aaron. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **censer** - A censer is a container that people use to burn incense. +a container in which to burn incense \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/18.md b/num/16/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9b2e435691..0000000000 --- a/num/16/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. diff --git a/num/16/20.md b/num/16/20.md index 2c7027a1a7..7964fb5b87 100644 --- a/num/16/20.md +++ b/num/16/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# that I may consume them -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Destroying them is spoken of as if God were to eat them. AT: "that I may destroy them" or "and I will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# lay facedown -* **from among this community** - Here the word "community" refers to the 250 men whom Korah gathered at the tabernacle. -* **lay face down** - This was a posture of submission and indicates that Moses and Aaron were praying to Yahweh. -* **the God of the spirits of all humanity** - Here the word "spirits" refers either to breath or life-force. AT: "the God who gives life to all humanity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **if one man sins, must you be angry with all the community?** - AT: "please do not be angry with all the community because one man sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This shows that Moses and Aaron were humbling themselves before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the God of the spirits of all humanity + +Here "spirits" represents the ability to live. AT: "the God who gives life to all humanity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if one man sins, must you be angry with all the community? + +Moses and Aaron use this question to plead with God for the people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "please do not be angry with all the community because one man sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/23.md b/num/16/23.md deleted file mode 100644 index d67ad8ad5c..0000000000 --- a/num/16/23.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. diff --git a/num/16/25.md b/num/16/25.md index df3df49cbe..15a54554ef 100644 --- a/num/16/25.md +++ b/num/16/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you will be consumed -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +Being destroyed is spoken of as if they would be eaten. AT: "you will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you will be consumed by all their sins -* **you will be consumed by all their sins** - AT: "all their sins will destroy you" or "Yahweh will destroy you because of all their sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Being destroyed because of their sins is spoken of as if the sins would destroy them. AT: "you will be destroyed because of all their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will be consumed by all their sins + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all their sins will destroy you" or "Yahweh will destroy you because of all their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/28.md b/num/16/28.md index 14ff9385fb..f7a4d8121c 100644 --- a/num/16/28.md +++ b/num/16/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# By this you will know -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "this" refers to what Moses will say next. -## translationNotes +# that swallows them up like a large mouth -* **By this you will know** - Here the word "this" refers to what Moses will say next. -* **swallows them up like a large mouth** - Moses compares the opening in the ground into which these people will fall with a large mouth that will eat them as if they were food. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Moses speaks as if the earth were alive and the opening in the ground into which these people would fall were a large mouth that would eat them. AT: "and they fall into it and are buried underneath the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/31.md b/num/16/31.md index cf4021d834..7039497c2d 100644 --- a/num/16/31.md +++ b/num/16/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:word]] - -## translationNotes - -* **The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them** - Moses speaks of the earth as if it were a person eating food. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Moses speaks of the earth as if it were alive, and the hole that the people fell into as if it were the earth's mouth. AT: "The earth opened up like a large mouth, and they fell into it and were buried in it" or "There was a giant hole in the ground, and they fell into it and were buried in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/33.md b/num/16/33.md index ec8189a5c9..d0f169f62f 100644 --- a/num/16/33.md +++ b/num/16/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# went down alive into Sheol -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +A similar phrase occurs in [Numbers 16:30](./28.md). See how you translated it there. -## translationNotes +# They exclaimed -* **down alive into sheol** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:16:28]]. -* **They exclaimed** - Here the word "They" refers to "All Israel." +"They" refers to "All Israel." + +# The earth may swallow us up also + +The people speak of the earth as if it were alive. AT: "The earth might open up and we too will fall into it" or "If the earth opens up again, we too will fall into it and be buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fire flashed out from Yahweh and devoured the 250 men + +Being destroyed by fire is spoken of as if they were eaten by the fire. AT: "fire flashed out from Yahweh and destroyed the 250 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# 250 men + +"two hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/36.md b/num/16/36.md index 5d24b0f1eb..ee432cae6e 100644 --- a/num/16/36.md +++ b/num/16/36.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# out of the flames -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This refers to the flames that burned the 250 men. -## translationNotes +# those who lost their lives -* **those who lost their lives** - AT: "those who died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] ) -* **Let them be made** - Here the word "them" refers to the censers. AT: "Let Eleazar make them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they are holy…They will be a sign** - Here the word "they" refers to the censers. +Losing their lives represents dying. AT: "those who died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let them be made + +Here "them" refers to the censers. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let Eleazar make them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they are set apart ... They will be a sign + +Here "they" and "They" refer to the censers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/39.md b/num/16/39.md index 29cdc429d2..e855310eed 100644 --- a/num/16/39.md +++ b/num/16/39.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# that had been used by the men who were burned up -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the men whom the fire had burned up had used" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# become like Korah and his group -* **that had been used by the men who were burned up** - AT: "that the men whom the fire had burned up had used" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **become like Korah and his group** - AT: "die like Korah and his group had died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +How they might become like them can be stated clearly. AT "die as Korah and his group had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/41.md b/num/16/41.md index e29da20bb8..ce6aea7f7e 100644 --- a/num/16/41.md +++ b/num/16/41.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then it happened -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# had assembled against Moses and Aaron -* **Then it happened** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **behold** - The word "behold" here shows that the people were surprised by what they saw. AT: “Suddenly” +"had assembled to complain against Moses and Aaron" + +# behold + +"suddenly." Here "behold" shows that the people were surprised by what they saw. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/44.md b/num/16/44.md index 3ec2678003..d2a146d4ac 100644 --- a/num/16/44.md +++ b/num/16/44.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# so that I may consume them -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God speaks of destroying them as if he would eat them. AT: "so that I may destroy them" or "and I will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# lay down with their faces to the ground -* **lay face down** - This was a posture of submission and indicates that Moses and Aaron were praying to Yahweh. +This indicates that Moses and Aaron are humbling themselves before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# anger is coming from Yahweh + +Anger coming from God represents God showing his anger. AT: "Yahweh is showing us his anger" or "Yahweh is very angry and is acting according to his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/47.md b/num/16/47.md index 85978e37c0..38ceed4352 100644 --- a/num/16/47.md +++ b/num/16/47.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he put in the incense -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Putting the incense in the censer here represents burning it. AT: "he burned the incense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the plague was stopped -* **the plague was stopped** - AT: "Aaron stopped the plague" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the plague stopped spreading" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/49.md b/num/16/49.md index 0e37d15f96..b3b33a4eb6 100644 --- a/num/16/49.md +++ b/num/16/49.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# 14,700 in number -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"fourteen thousand seven hundred in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/intro.md b/num/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f2a404200e --- /dev/null +++ b/num/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rebellion and punishment ##### + +A certain Levite and a few men from the tribe of Reuben claimed that they were just as good as Moses and Aaron, and they also could do the work of sacrificing animals at the sacred tent. So Moses told them to come to the sacred tent and burn incense to Yahweh. God then made the earth open and swallow up these leaders and their families. He also sent fire to destroy 250 other men who had joined with those leaders. These actions showed that only the Levites, those whom Yahweh appointed, could be priests. Also, it taught the people that to rebel against Yahweh's anointed was to rebel against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/01.md b/num/17/01.md index d7d27f6136..df084c2bcc 100644 --- a/num/17/01.md +++ b/num/17/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# twelve -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Take twelve staffs, one from each leader chosen from each tribe** - This sentence repeats the previous sentence for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **chosen from each tribe** - AT: "whom you will choose from each tribe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/03.md b/num/17/03.md index 639c09a28a..b2cd0b15a0 100644 --- a/num/17/03.md +++ b/num/17/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# Levi's staff -* **for each leader from his ancestors’ tribe** - Here the word "his" refers to "each leader." -* **the staff...will bud** - "the staff...will blossom" -* **cause the complaints from the people of Israel to stop, which they are speaking against you** - AT: "make the people of Israel stop complaining against you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +The name Levi here refers to the tribe of Levi. + +# for each leader from his ancestors' tribe + +Here "his" refers to "each leader." + +# the covenant decrees + +The phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. AT: "the ark of the covenant" or "the box that holds the covenant decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the staff of the man whom I choose will bud + +"buds will start to grow on the staff of the man whom I choose" + +# cause the complaints from the people of Israel to stop, which they are speaking against you + +Here "complaints" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as a verb. AT: "make the people of Israel stop complaining against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/06.md b/num/17/06.md index 9cf803ae53..6089faac04 100644 --- a/num/17/06.md +++ b/num/17/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# selected from each of the ancestral tribes -* [[en:tw:tent]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Moses selected from each of the ancestor's tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the tent of the covenant decrees -* **selected from each of the ancestor's tribes** - AT: "whom Moses selected from each of the ancestor's tribes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. AT: "the tent of the covenant box" or "the tent that the covenant decrees are in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/08.md b/num/17/08.md index 48c123b105..0a70ee2633 100644 --- a/num/17/08.md +++ b/num/17/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# behold -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that something especially important has happened. You might have a similar word in your language. +The word "behold" here shows that something especially important has happened. You might have a similar word in your language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/10.md b/num/17/10.md index 9570364ccc..a632a947f9 100644 --- a/num/17/10.md +++ b/num/17/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the covenant decrees -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +The phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. AT: "the ark of the covenant" or "the box that holds the covenant decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# so that you may end complaints against me -* **so that you may end complaints against me** - AT: "so that you may stop them from complaining against me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +The word "complaints" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as a verb. AT: "so that you may stop them from complaining against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# or they will die + +This is what would happen if the people were to continue complaining. God wanted to prevent this. AT: "so that they will not die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/12.md b/num/17/12.md index 747f15d812..051fe9a8ec 100644 --- a/num/17/12.md +++ b/num/17/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# We will die here. We will all perish! -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] - -## translationNotes - -* **We will die here. We will all perish!** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Must we all perish?** - The people ask this question out of fear. AT: "We are afraid that we will all perish." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/intro.md b/num/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64bbf54d88 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Which tribe should be special workers for God? ##### + +God told Moses that each tribe should bring one wooden staff and leave it overnight at the temple. The next day Aaron's staff representing the tribe of Levi bloomed and produced ripe almond nuts. This showed that the tribe of Levi was still the tribe chosen to be Yahweh's priests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/01.md b/num/18/01.md index c543ec1777..f7b7567b94 100644 --- a/num/18/01.md +++ b/num/18/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all sins committed against the sanctuary -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:commit]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:member]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all sins that anyone commits against the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# all sins committed by anyone in the priesthood -* **all sins committed** - AT: "all sins that anyone commits" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **anyone in the priesthood** - AT: "any priest" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all sins that anyone in the priesthood commits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# anyone in the priesthood + +"any priest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/03.md b/num/18/03.md index 4cd068476d..0bf1eb252f 100644 --- a/num/18/03.md +++ b/num/18/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Aaron. -## translationNotes +# They must serve you ... They must join you -* **They must serve you...They must join you** - Here the word "They" refers to members of the tribe of Levi; the word "you" is singular and refers to Aaron. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **or they and also you will die** - Here the word "they" refers to any member of the tribe of Levi who comes "near to anything in the sanctuary"; the word "you" is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites who are serving in approved roles. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **not come near you. You must take responsibility** - Here the word "you" is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **my anger does not come on the people of Israel again** - Here the word "anger" refers to God's punishment. AT: "I do not punish the people of Israel again because I am angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"They" refers to members of the tribe of Levi; the word "you" is singular and refers to Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# or they and also you will die + +Here "they" refers to any member of the tribe of Levi who comes "near to anything in the sanctuary;" the word "you" is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites who are serving in approved roles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# not come near you. You must take responsibility + +Here "you" is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# so that my anger does not come on the people of Israel again + +Possible meanings are 1) this represents God being extremely angry with his people. AT: "so that I do not become very angry with the people of Israel again" or 2) this represents God punishing them because of his anger. AT: "so that I do not punish the people of Israel again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/06.md b/num/18/06.md index faef47360b..df27a68970 100644 --- a/num/18/06.md +++ b/num/18/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Aaron. -## translationNotes +# They are a gift to you -* **They are a gift to you, given to me** - Yahweh has given the Levites as helpers to Aaron and his sons; as workers in the tent of meeting, the Levites give themselves to Yahweh. -* **given to me** - AT: "who also give themselves to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **only you and your sons** - Here the words "you" and "your" are singular and refer to Aaron. Other occurrences of "you" and "your" are plural and refer to Aaron and his sons. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **exercise the priesthood** - "carry out the responsibilities of a priest" -* **Any foreigner who approaches must be put to death** - AT: "Any foreigner who approaches must die" or "You must put to death any foreigner who approaches" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Yahweh appointing the Levites to help Aaron is spoken of as if they were a gift that Yahweh were giving to Aaron. AT: "They are like a gift to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# given to me + +Here "given" to God represents being set apart to serve God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "which I have set apart for myself" or "and I have set them apart for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# only you and your sons + +Here "you" and "your" are singular and refer to Aaron. Other occurrences of "you" and "your" are plural and refer to Aaron and his sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# exercise the priesthood + +"do the work of priests" + +# everything inside the curtain + +Being inside the curtain represents being inside the room behind the curtain. AT: "everything in the room behind the curtain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Any foreigner who approaches must be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Any foreigner who approaches must die" or "You must put to death any foreigner who approaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who approaches + +What they should not approach can be stated clearly. AT: "who approaches the sacred things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/08.md b/num/18/08.md index 63c1f764d3..d00359841f 100644 --- a/num/18/08.md +++ b/num/18/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the offerings raised up to me -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:guiltoffering]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Here "raised up to me" represents giving or offering something to God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the offerings that people give to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# I have given these offerings to you -* **the offerings raised up to me** - To raise something up is to make a contribution. AT: "the offerings that people contribute to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that are not completely burned up** - AT: "that you do not completely burn on the altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +God speaks as if he had already done this because it is a decision that he had already made. AT: "I give these offerings to you" + +# as your ongoing share + +A share is a portion of something that someone receives. AT: "as the portion that you will continually receive" + +# kept from the fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you do not completely burn on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/10.md b/num/18/10.md index 5e44f80748..a15ca543c8 100644 --- a/num/18/10.md +++ b/num/18/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] - -## translationNotes - -* **They must be regarded by you** - AT: "You must regard them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **gifts that are set apart** - AT: "gifts that you have set apart" or "gifts that I have set apart" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **offerings that have been raised high before me and presented to me** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **that have been raised high...and presented** - AT: "that you have raised high...and presented" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +God continues speaking to Aaron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/12.md b/num/18/12.md index 6bcc800830..5aa2352bd1 100644 --- a/num/18/12.md +++ b/num/18/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +God continues speaking to Aaron. -## translationNotes +# the firstfruits -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This refers to the first of the best oil, wine, and grain that they harvest. + +# Everyone who is clean in your family + +Being acceptable to God is spoken of as if they were clean. AT: "Everyone in your family who is acceptable to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/14.md b/num/18/14.md index 758678dca3..4d34761d3f 100644 --- a/num/18/14.md +++ b/num/18/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God continues speaking to Aaron. -## translationNotes +# Everything that opens the womb, all the firstborn -* **Everything that opens the womb, all the firstborn** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Everything that opens the womb** - This refers to the first male to which a mother gives birth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Those that are to be bought back by the people** - AT: "Those that the people are to buy back" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **must be bought back after becoming one month old** - AT: "the people must buy them back after the firstborn become one month old" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **five shekels** - A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) -* **twenty gerahs** - One shekel equals 20 gerahs. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalweight]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "Every firstborn male" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Everything that opens the womb + +The idiom "opens the womb" means to be the first male that a mother gives birth to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the people must certainly buy back every firstborn son + +Instead of sacrificing their firstborn sons, people had to pay the priests for their sons. + +# Those that are to be bought back by the people must be bought back after becoming one month old + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people must buy them back when they become one month old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Those that are to be bought back + +Most likely this refers only to firstborn humans that must be bought back and not to firstborn unclean animals. + +# five shekels ... which equals twenty gerahs + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "five pieces of silver ... each of which equals ten grams" or "fifty grams of silver, using the standard weights that are used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# five shekels + +A shekel is a unit of weight. What was weighed can be stated clearly. AT: "five shekels of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. It weighed twenty gerahs, which was about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/17.md b/num/18/17.md index e7a406a690..9145c9d04b 100644 --- a/num/18/17.md +++ b/num/18/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +God continues speaking to Aaron. -## translationNotes +# You must sprinkle their blood -* **made by fire** - AT: "that you burn with fire on the altar" -* **to produce a sweet aroma** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:15:01]]. -* **the raised breast and the right thigh** - AT: "the breast and the thigh that you raise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +That he must kill the animals first can be stated clearly. AT: "You must kill them and sprinkle their blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you make by fire" or "that you burn with fire on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an aroma pleasing to Yahweh + +The Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. AT: "and Yahweh will be pleased with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the raised breast and the right thigh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the breast and the right thigh that you lift up as a gift to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/19.md b/num/18/19.md index 5ac20dbe56..cfafbf9d5d 100644 --- a/num/18/19.md +++ b/num/18/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +God continues speaking to Aaron. -## translationNotes +# I have given to you -* **All the presented offerings of holy things that the people of Israel offer to me** - AT: "All the offerings of holy things that the people of Israel present and offer to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a covenant of salt, a binding covenant forever** - The two phrases say much the same thing. The first emphasizes the second. AT: "an agreement forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +God speaks as if he had already done this because it is a decision that he had already made. AT: "I give to you" + +# as a continual share + +A share is a portion of something that someone receives. AT: "as the portion that you will continually receive" + +# an everlasting covenant of salt ... a binding covenant forever + +The two phrases refer to the same thing. Together they emphasize that the covenant will endure forever. AT: "an agreement forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# an everlasting covenant of salt + +"a covenant made with salt." Salt represented permanence and was used in offerings and covenant meals. AT: "a permanent covenant" or "an everlasting covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# You will have no inheritance in the people's land + +God speaks of the land that the other people will possess as if they will inherit it. AT: "You will not possess any of the people's land" or "You will not receive any of the land that the Israelites will possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am your share and inheritance + +God speaks of the great honor that Aaron and his descendants will have by serving him as priests as if God were something that they will inherit. AT: "Instead, I am what you will have" or "Instead, I will allow you to serve me and I will provide for you through that service" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/21.md b/num/18/21.md index 5e822e4677..70d4c73003 100644 --- a/num/18/21.md +++ b/num/18/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +God continues speaking to Aaron. -## translationNotes +# look, I have given -* **look, I have given** - The word "look" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed, I have given" +The word "look" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed, I have given" + +# as their inheritance + +God speaks of what Aaron and his descendants will receive as if they will inherit it. AT: "as their portion of what I give to all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/23.md b/num/18/23.md index 079ce35a14..ae9d548f1f 100644 --- a/num/18/23.md +++ b/num/18/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:law]] +God continues speaking to Aaron. -## translationNotes +# Among the people of Israel they must have no inheritance -* **which they offer as a presented offering to me** - AT: "which they present to me as an offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +God speaks of the land that the other people of Israel will possess as if they will inherit it. The Levites would not receive any of the land. AT: "they must not have any of the land that the other people of Israel receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as their inheritance + +God speaks of what Aaron and his descendants will receive as if they will inherit it. AT: "as their portion of what I give to all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/25.md b/num/18/25.md index 61ef637464..a97d692bb1 100644 --- a/num/18/25.md +++ b/num/18/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When you receive from the people of Israel the tenth that I have given to you from them -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The people of Israel would offer Yahweh a tenth of their crops and animals, and Yahweh would give that to the Levites. -## translationNotes +# for your inheritance -* **Your presented offering must be considered by you** - AT: "You must consider the offering that you present" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +God speaks of what Aaron and his descendants will receive as if they will inherit it. AT: "as your portion of what I give to all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your contribution must be considered by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must consider your contribution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/28.md b/num/18/28.md index 53278f5a09..183e28c11f 100644 --- a/num/18/28.md +++ b/num/18/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +God continues tell Moses what he must tell the Levites. -## translationNotes +# you must give his contribution to Aaron the priest -* **must make a presented offering** - AT: "must present an offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **give his presented offering to Aaron** - Here the word "his" refers to Yahweh. -* **Out of all the gifts you receive, you must make** - AT: "From every offering that you receive from the people, you must take 10 percent to offer to Yahweh as your own offering to Yahweh" -* **that have been given to you** - AT: "that the people of Israel have given to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "his" refers to Yahweh. It was Yahweh's contribution in the sense that they had to give it to Yahweh. AT: "you must give Aaron the priest the contribution that you owe Yahweh" + +# that have been given to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the people of Israel give to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/30.md b/num/18/30.md index 8afeac83c7..3bea2bd60e 100644 --- a/num/18/30.md +++ b/num/18/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +God continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# the best of it -* **it must be considered by the Levites** - AT: "the Levites must consider it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the best of what you have received from the people of Israel" + +# the rest of your gifts + +The "gifts" are the offerings that the Israelites give to God and that the Levites receive from them. + +# You will not incur any guilt by eating and drinking it + +"You will not be guilty when you eat and drink it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/intro.md b/num/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b17a4a2aa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tithes and offerings ##### + +The tribes of Israel were required to bring a tithe to the Levites in order to free them to serve Yahweh as priests. There is a detailed description of what belonged to Yahweh in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/01.md b/num/19/01.md index 160b5f5ebf..116cff41b6 100644 --- a/num/19/01.md +++ b/num/19/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a statute, a law -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heifer]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +These two words share similar meanings. AT: "a statute of the law" or "a legal statute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# bring to you -* **a statute, a law** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **bring to you** - Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Moses. -* **flaw or blemish** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "you" is singular and refers to Moses. + +# flaw or blemish + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this animal is to have no imperfections. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/03.md b/num/19/03.md index 6c91e1f630..b143b7e8af 100644 --- a/num/19/03.md +++ b/num/19/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in his sight -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +"in his view" or "so he could see it" -## translationNotes +# priest must take cedarwood -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"The priest" refers to Eleazar. + +# scarlet wool + +"red wool" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/07.md b/num/19/07.md index d0ee686ae6..5f1af35e68 100644 --- a/num/19/07.md +++ b/num/19/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he must wash his clothes -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +Here "he" refers to Eleazar the priest. -## translationNotes +# he will remain unclean -* **Then he must wash his clothes** - Here the word "he" refers to Eleazar the priest. +Being unacceptable to God or unfit to do any sacred work is spoken of as not being clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/09.md b/num/19/09.md index e27f1e81ae..0b3d089a58 100644 --- a/num/19/09.md +++ b/num/19/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Someone who is clean -* [[en:tw:ash]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:heifer]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +Being acceptable to God and fit to do sacred work is spoken of as being clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# These ashes must be kept -* **These ashes must be kept** - AT: "You must keep these ashes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must keep these ashes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in a clean place + +Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will remain unclean + +Being unacceptable to God or unfit to do any sacred work is spoken of as not being clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/11.md b/num/19/11.md index 0835eada4c..b38e4caad2 100644 --- a/num/19/11.md +++ b/num/19/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The ideas of "clean" and "purify" represent being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **a dead person, the body of a man who has died** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **That person must be cut off** - AT: "You must excommunicate that person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **cut ... off** - "consider them not to be part of the nation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the water for impurity was not sprinkled on him** - AT: "no one sprinkled the water for impurity on him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He will remain unclean; his uncleanness will remain on him** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The ideas of "unclean," "defile," "impurity," and "uncleanness" represent not being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the dead body of any man + +"the dead body of any person" + +# purify himself + +The person would ask someone who is clean to purify him by sprinkling on him some water mixed with the cows ashes. Asking someone to purify him is spoken of as if he were to purify himself. AT: "ask someone to purify him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if he does not purify himself the third day, then he will not be clean on the seventh day + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "he will be clean on the seventh day only if he purifies himself the third day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# That person must be cut off + +Here the phrase "be cut off" means to be disowned and sent away. See how you translated this in [Numbers 9:13](../09/13.md). AT: "That person must be sent away" or "you must send that person away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the water for impurity was not sprinkled on him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one sprinkled the water for impurity on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the water for impurity + +"the water that is sprinkled on impure things to make them pure" or "the water for making things pure" + +# He will remain unclean; his uncleanness will remain on him + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/14.md b/num/19/14.md index 3d5a26c2d0..9ca150ebc3 100644 --- a/num/19/14.md +++ b/num/19/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +The idea of "unclean" represents not being acceptable to God or fit for use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Every open container with no cover becomes unclean -* **someone who has been killed with a sword** - AT: "someone whom someone else has killed with a sword" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "Open containers will remain clean only if they have covers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# someone who has been killed with a sword + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone whom someone else has killed with a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/17.md b/num/19/17.md index 8cf11eee7d..b29f413f54 100644 --- a/num/19/17.md +++ b/num/19/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ash]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +The idea of "unclean" represents not being acceptable to God or fit for use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +The ideas of "clean" and "purify" here represent being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/20.md b/num/19/20.md index 03b096cd1b..efb1c4b886 100644 --- a/num/19/20.md +++ b/num/19/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The ideas of "clean" and "purify" represent being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **that person will be cut off from the community** - AT: "you will treat that person as no longer part of the community" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The water for impurity has not been sprinkled on him** - AT: "No one has sprinkled the water for impurity on him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The ideas of "unclean," "defile," and "impurity," represent not being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that person will be cut off + +Here the phrase "be cut off" means to be disowned and sent away. See how you translated this in [Numbers 9:13](../09/13.md). AT: "That person must be sent away" or "you must send that person away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The water for impurity has not been sprinkled on him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one has sprinkled the water for impurity on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the water for impurity + +"the water that is sprinkled on impure things to make them pure" or "the water for making things pure." See how you translated this in [Numbers 19:13](./11.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/intro.md b/num/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c2bde0dd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ritually clean ##### + +This chapter talks about being clean. Some of these rituals were required to make a priest clean in order to set them apart to serve Yahweh. Other rituals were required because they prevented people from getting sick. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/01.md b/num/20/01.md index 4eb98bf8a9..cf52191e72 100644 --- a/num/20/01.md +++ b/num/20/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the wilderness of Zin -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:miriam]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +The word "Zin" here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## translationNotes +# the first month -* **the first month** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **and was buried** - AT: "and they buried her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians. The first month is during the last part of March and the first part of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/02.md b/num/20/02.md index 53cfa3683e..017ee67063 100644 --- a/num/20/02.md +++ b/num/20/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they assembled -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "they" refers to the community. -## translationNotes +# assembled together -* **so they assembled** - Here the word "they" refers to the community. -* **assembled together against** - "came as a mob against" +"came as a mob" + +# in front of Yahweh + +This represents being in front of Yahweh's tent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/04.md b/num/20/04.md index dcebe9dce1..2abcc0ddff 100644 --- a/num/20/04.md +++ b/num/20/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +The people of Israel continue to complain to Moses and Aaron. -## translationNotes +# Why have you brought Yahweh's community into this wilderness to die here, we and our animals? -* **Why have you brought Yahweh’s community into this wilderness to die here, we and our animals?** - The people ask this question in order to rebuke Moses. AT: "You should not have brought Yahweh's community into this wilderness to die here, we and our animals." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **And why did you make us come up out of Egypt to bring us to this horrible place?** - AT: "You should not have made us come up out of Egypt to bring us to this horrible place." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The people use this question in order to complain against Moses and Aaron. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have brought Yahweh's community into this wilderness to die here, we and our animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why did you make us come up out of Egypt to bring us to this horrible place? + +The people use this question in order to complain against Moses and Aaron. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have made us leave Egypt to bring us to this horrible place." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/06.md b/num/20/06.md index 10bd51ba98..40a368058e 100644 --- a/num/20/06.md +++ b/num/20/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# lay facedown -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] - -## translationNotes - -* **lay face down** - This was a posture of submission and indicates that Moses and Aaron were praying to Yahweh. -* **Yahweh’s brilliant glory appeared** - AT: "Yahweh appeared to them" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This indicates that Moses and Aaron are humbling themselves before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/07.md b/num/20/07.md index 84f93cb673..b415a2938e 100644 --- a/num/20/07.md +++ b/num/20/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# before their eyes -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "while they watch you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# from before Yahweh -* **before their eyes** - AT: "in their presence" or "where they can see you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **from before Yahweh** - AT: "from Yahweh's tent" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This represents Yahweh's tent. AT: "from Yahweh's tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/10.md b/num/20/10.md index 457bded1e0..65e03db553 100644 --- a/num/20/10.md +++ b/num/20/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Must we bring water out of this rock for you? -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +Moses asks this question out of frustration to rebuke the people for complaining. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You complain that there is no water. Well, we will make water come out of this rock." or "You would not be happy even if we caused water to come out of this rock. But I will do it anyway." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Must we bring -* **Must we bring water out of this rock for you?** - Moses asks this question out of frustration to rebuke the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Must we bring** - Here the word "we" refers to Moses and Aaron and may include Yahweh, but does not include the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) +Here "we" refers to Moses and Aaron and may include Yahweh, but does not include the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/12.md b/num/20/12.md index 0e9c6c99cf..dfd308fe87 100644 --- a/num/20/12.md +++ b/num/20/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Because you did not trust me or honor me as holy in the eyes of the people of Israel -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +How Moses showed that he did not trust and honor God can be stated clearly. AT: "Because you did not trust me or honor me as holy in the eyes of the people of Israel, but struck the rock instead of speaking to it as I told you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# in the eyes of the people of Israel -* **in the eyes of the people of Israel** - AT: "in the presence of the people of Israel" or "where the people of Israel could see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **This place was called** - AT: "People called this place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "while the people of Israel were watching you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# This place was called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People called this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/14.md b/num/20/14.md index a0fff42f13..74aa2e8371 100644 --- a/num/20/14.md +++ b/num/20/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Your brother Israel -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Moses uses this phrase to emphasize that the Israelites and the Edomites are related because their ancestors, Jacob and Esau, were brothers. -## translationNotes +# When we called out to Yahweh -* **Your brother Israel** - Moses uses this phrase to emphasize that the Israelites and the Edomites are related because their ancestors, Jacob and Esau, were brothers. -* **When we called out to Yahweh** - "When we prayed to Yahweh begging him to help us" -* **he heard our voice** - AT: "he heard what we said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Look** - The word "Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +"When we prayed to Yahweh begging him to help us" + +# he heard our voice + +Here "voice" represents their crying or what they said to him. AT: "he heard our cry" or "he heard what we asked for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Look + +"Look" here marks a change in topic. They were just speaking about their past. Now they speak about their present situation as they prepare to ask the king to do something. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/17.md b/num/20/17.md index 5c7a8eed83..62e5ee74fd 100644 --- a/num/20/17.md +++ b/num/20/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +The messengers continue speaking to the king of Edom. -## translationNotes +# We will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left -* **We will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left** - AT: "We will not leave the road in any direction" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "turn aside" represents leaving the road. AT: "We will not leave the road in any direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the king's highway + +This is the main road that connects Damascus in the north to the Gulf of Aqabah in the south. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/18.md b/num/20/18.md index 474d6d7636..35a05667b1 100644 --- a/num/20/18.md +++ b/num/20/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You may not pass ... to attack you -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here "you" is singular and refers to Moses, who represents the people of Israel. AT: "Your people may not pass ... to attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# I will come with the sword -* **You may not pass...to attack you** - Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Moses, who represents the people of Israel. AT: "Your people may not pass...to attack them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will come with the sword** - AT: "I will send my army" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the people of Israel** - This phrase refers to the Israelite messengers. +Here the sword represents the king's army. AT: "I will send my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the people of Israel + +This phrase refers to the Israelite messengers. + +# walk through on foot + +This idiom means that they would simply travel through the area by walking. They would not come in chariots to attack the people of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/20.md b/num/20/20.md index f4f2bdabcd..4d47137e81 100644 --- a/num/20/20.md +++ b/num/20/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the king of Edom came against Israel with a strong hand with many soldiers -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Here the hand represents the king's powerful army. AT: "the king of Edom sent a strong army of many soldiers to attack Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# cross over their border -* **the king of Edom came against Israel with a strong hand** - Here the word "hand" refers to power and represents the army. AT: "the king of Edom sent a strong army to attack Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **cross over their border** - Here the word "their" refers to the Edomites. +Here "their" refers to the Edomites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/22.md b/num/20/22.md index a472a8e376..33b8c84617 100644 --- a/num/20/22.md +++ b/num/20/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The people of Israel, the whole community -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The phrase "the whole community" emphasizes that every person who was a part of "the people of Israel" was present, without exception. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# Aaron must be gathered to his people -* **The people of Israel, the whole community** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Aaron must be gathered to his people** - AT: "Aaron must die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **rebelled against my word** - AT: "refused to do what I said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a gentle way to say that Aaron must die. It means that it is time for Aaron to die and for his spirit to go to the place where his ancestors are. AT: "Aaron must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# rebelled against my word + +"refused to do what I said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/25.md b/num/20/25.md index c5f6a8838c..5c82997f48 100644 --- a/num/20/25.md +++ b/num/20/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +God continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# must die and be gathered to his people -* **must die and be gathered to his people** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They mean that it is time for Aaron to die and for his spirit to go to the place where his ancestors are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/27.md b/num/20/27.md index f501595835..37642b3268 100644 --- a/num/20/27.md +++ b/num/20/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# thirty days -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] - -## translationNotes - -* **thirty days** - "30 days" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/intro.md b/num/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..baef987308 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Numbers 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Moses' sin ##### + +God told Moses to command water to come out of a rock for the people who were complaining that they had no water. Moses became angry with the people and hit the rock twice. God told him that he and Aaron would not be allowed to go into Canaan because he disobeyed by hitting the rock instead of just speaking to it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### "It would have been better if we had died when our fellow Israelites died in front of Yahweh" ##### +It is possible that this statement should be taken as hyperbole, but it does not have to be taken this way. The translator should probably avoid treating this as hyperbole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Wilderness of Sin ##### +Sin is the name of a place in this chapter. It is not a place that is known for its sin. The name is not related to the meaning of the word "sin." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/01.md b/num/21/01.md index c955351e62..fe8ad9f76d 100644 --- a/num/21/01.md +++ b/num/21/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he fought against Israel -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "he fought" means that his army fought. AT: "his army fought against Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Israel vowed -* **he fought against Israel** - AT: "his army fought against Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **listened to Israel’s voice** - AT: "listened to what Israel said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **They completely destroyed them and their cities** - "The people of Israel completely destroyed the Canaanite army and their cities" -* **That place was called Hormah** - AT: "They called that place Hormah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "The people of Israel vowed" or "The Israelites made a vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# listened to Israel's voice + +Here "listen" means that Yahweh did as they asked. AT: "did what Israel asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Israel's voice + +Here "voice" is a metonym that refers to their request. AT: "what Israel asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They completely destroyed them and their cities + +"The people of Israel completely destroyed the Canaanite army and their cities" + +# That place was called Hormah + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They called that place Hormah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/04.md b/num/21/04.md index d734eab35e..7d5dce96b6 100644 --- a/num/21/04.md +++ b/num/21/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness?** - The people ask this question in order to rebuke Moses. AT: "You should not have brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The people used this question in order to rebuke Moses. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not made us leave Egypt to die in the wilderness!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/06.md b/num/21/06.md index c47f7f0a6f..5acbac2bc2 100644 --- a/num/21/06.md +++ b/num/21/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# we have spoken against Yahweh and you -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"we have said bad things about Yahweh and you" -## translationNotes +# we have spoken ... from us -* **we have spoken against Yahweh and you** - AT: "we have said bad things about Yahweh and you" -* **we** - The word "we" here refers to the people but not to Yahweh or Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) +The words "we" and "us" here refer to the people but not to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/08.md b/num/21/08.md index 5ad5c194c8..0fcdf65b82 100644 --- a/num/21/08.md +++ b/num/21/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Make a snake -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Since it is impossible for Moses to make a real snake, it is implied that he was to make a model of a snake. This implied information can be made clear. AT: "Make a model of a snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# everyone who is bitten -* **everyone who is bitten** - AT: "everyone whom a snake bites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **if he looked at the bronze snake, he survived** - Here the word "he" refers to "any person" whom a snake bites. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone whom a snake bites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a bronze snake + +"a snake out of bronze" + +# if he looked at the bronze snake, he survived + +Here "he" refers to "any person" who was bitten by a snake. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/10.md b/num/21/10.md index 769ee799e2..91d0bd2861 100644 --- a/num/21/10.md +++ b/num/21/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# that faces Moab -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] - -## translationNotes - -* **that faces Moab** - AT: "that is next to Moab" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "faces" is an idiom that means "is across from" or "is next to." AT: "that is next to Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/12.md b/num/21/12.md index a8b2e05114..4c55de986a 100644 --- a/num/21/12.md +++ b/num/21/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# forms the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites -* [[en:tw:amorite]] - -## translationNotes - -* **forms the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites** - This means that the two peoples lived on different sides of the river. The Moabite people lived south of the rivier and the Amorites lived on the north. +This means that the two peoples lived on different sides of the river, which was a boundary between them. The Moabite people lived south of the river and the Amorites lived on the north. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/14.md b/num/21/14.md index 1fd39da377..1b4df378d1 100644 --- a/num/21/14.md +++ b/num/21/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Waheb in Suphah -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are both names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the slope of the valleys that lead toward the town of Ar and lie along the border of Moab -* **Waheb in Suphah** - These are both names of places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the slope of the valleys that lead toward the town of Ar and go down toward the border of Moab** - AT: "downhill to the town of Ar and the border of the country of Moab" +"the valleys that go downhill to the town of Ar and lie along the border of Moab" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/16.md b/num/21/16.md index 9ae2616412..7476d07538 100644 --- a/num/21/16.md +++ b/num/21/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to Beer, the well -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +This can be stated as two sentences. AT: "to Beer. There was a well there" -## translationNotes +# where Yahweh said to Moses, "Gather the people together for me to give them water." -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "where Yahweh told Moses to gather the people together for him to give them water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/17.md b/num/21/17.md index d19a63705c..991fdc356d 100644 --- a/num/21/17.md +++ b/num/21/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Spring up, well -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +Here "well" represents the water in the well. The Israelites are speaking to the water as if it were a person who could hear them, and they are asking for it to fill the well. AT: "Water, fill up the well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# the well that our leaders dug, the well the nobles of the people dug -* **Spring up** - AT: "Fill up with water" -* **The well that our leaders dug, the well the people's nobles dug** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **with the scepter** - The scepter is a sign of authority. AT: "by their authority" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the role of the leaders in digging the well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# with the scepter and their staffs + +A scepter was carried by those with authority, and the staff was carried by everyone. Neither of these are digging tools. These two items emphasize that they were not too proud to use any means available. AT: "using even their scepter and staffs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/19.md b/num/21/19.md index 01f5ea4ea5..b5893bbf4f 100644 --- a/num/21/19.md +++ b/num/21/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Nahaliel ... Bamoth -* [[en:tw:moab]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Mount Pisgah -* **looks down on the wilderness** - AT: "rises above the wilderness" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# looks down on the wilderness + +This is an idiom. It is a way of saying that the mountain is high, and speaks of the mountain as if it were a person who looks down to see the wilderness below him. AT: "rises above the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/21.md b/num/21/21.md index ac8e93a013..14e485c862 100644 --- a/num/21/21.md +++ b/num/21/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Israel -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel, and especially to their leaders. AT: "Then the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# We will not turn into any field or vineyard -* **not turn into any field or vineyard** - "not go into anywhere you are growing crops" -* **the king's highway** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:20:17]]. -* **to pass through their border** - Here the word “their” refers to the Amorites. +"We will not go into any of your fields or vineyards" + +# the king's highway + +This is the main road that connects Damascus in the north to the Gulf of Aqabah in the south. See how you translated this in [Numbers 20:17](../20/17.md). + +# to pass through their border + +"to cross over their border." Here "their" refers to the Amorites. + +# Jahaz + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he fought against Israel + +Here "he" refers to King Sihon who represents himself and his army. AT: "they fought against the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/24.md b/num/21/24.md index ff30f029cc..2df51b21d5 100644 --- a/num/21/24.md +++ b/num/21/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel attacked -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "The Israelites attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# with the edge of the sword -* **with the edge of the sword** - AT: "with their swords" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **took their land** - Here the word "their" refers to the Amorites. AT: "conquered their land" -* **the border of the people of Ammon was fortified** - AT: "the people of Ammon fortified their border" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Sihon had taken all his land** - Here the word "his" refers to the king of Moab. +"with the sharp part of the sword." The "edge of the sword" is associated with death and complete destruction. AT: "and completely defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# took their land + +"conquered the land of the Amorites." Here the word "their" refers to the Amorites. + +# the people of Ammon ... the Amorites + +"the Ammonites ... the Amorites" or "the people of Ammon ... the people of Amor." These names are similar, but they refer to two different people groups. + +# was fortified + +"was strongly defended." The Israelites did not attack the Ammonites. + +# Heshbon and all of its villages + +Here "its" is possessive to show that a relationship existed between the city of Heshbon and these nearby villages. AT: "Heshbon and the nearby villages that it controlled" + +# Sihon had taken all his land + +Here "his" refers to the king of Moab. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/27.md b/num/21/27.md index 4486a9426d..ad52eb02a3 100644 --- a/num/21/27.md +++ b/num/21/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Heshbon ... city of Sihon -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] +These are two names that refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Let the city of Sihon be rebuilt and established again -* **Let the city of Sihon be rebuilt and established again** - AT: "Let someone rebuild and establish again the city of Sihon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **A fire blazed from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) The fire refers to a destroying army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) AT: "King Sihon led a strong army from the city of Heshbon" -* **that devoured Ar of Moab** - The word "devour" is something a person does. AT: "that destroyed the town of Ar in the land of Moab" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let someone rebuild and establish again the city of Sihon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# rebuilt and established + +These two terms are very similar and emphasize that the city will be fully rebuilt. AT: "completely rebuilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# A fire blazed from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that destruction will begin at Heshbon. The fire refers to a destroying army. AT: "King Sihon led a strong army from the city of Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# devoured Ar of Moab + +The army of Sihon is spoken of as if it was an animal that ate up the city of Ar. AT: "destroyed the town of Ar in the land of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/29.md b/num/21/29.md index a699f40d12..ea185a0350 100644 --- a/num/21/29.md +++ b/num/21/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Moab ... people of Chemosh -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +These two phrases refer to the same people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# people of Chemosh -* **people of Chemosh** - "Chemosh" was the name of the false god whom the Moabites worshiped. AT: "the people who worship Chemosh" -* **He has made his sons** - Here the words "He" and "his" refer to Chemosh. -* **Heshbon is devastated** - AT: "We have devastated Heshbon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Heshbon ... all the way to Dibon ... all the way to Nophah, which reaches to Medeba** - "everywhere" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"Chemosh" was the name of the false god whom the Moabites worshiped. AT: "the people who worship Chemosh" + +# He has made his sons + +"He" and "his" refer to Chemosh. + +# we have conquered + +Here "we" refers to the Israelites who defeated Sihon. + +# Heshbon is devastated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We have devastated Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Heshbon ... all the way to Dibon ... all the way to Nophah ... to Medeba + +These are all places in Sihon's kingdom. This means the Israelites destroyed Sihon's entire nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/31.md b/num/21/31.md index a76b07bf0e..cd01b0e024 100644 --- a/num/21/31.md +++ b/num/21/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# drove out -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this chunk. +"chased away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/33.md b/num/21/33.md index eb0d5def96..b3fb6f08a9 100644 --- a/num/21/33.md +++ b/num/21/33.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# went out against them -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"attacked them" -## translationNotes +# Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites -* **Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites** - AT: "Destroy him like you destroyed Sihon king of the Amorites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **So they killed him** - "So the army of Israel killed Og" -* **none of his people were left alive** - AT: "all of his people were dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they took over his land** - "they took possession of his land" +The Israelites had completely destroyed Sihon. AT: "Destroy him like you destroyed Sihon king of the Amorites" + +# So they killed him + +"So the army of Israel killed Og" + +# none of his people were left alive + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all of his people were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they took over his land + +"they took control of his land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/intro.md b/num/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc37c433b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 21:14-15, 17-18, 27-30, which are important quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ungrateful ##### + +The Israelites said, "Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? There is no bread, no water, and we hate this miserable food." After all Yahweh had done, they were very ungrateful. This showed their lack of faith and trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/01.md b/num/22/01.md index e98711c164..97b2a43052 100644 --- a/num/22/01.md +++ b/num/22/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# on the other side of the Jordan River from the city -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] - -## translationNotes - -* **on the other side of the Jordan River from the city** - The Israelites were camped on the east side of the Jordan River. Jericho was on the west side of the river. +The Israelites were camped on the east side of the Jordan River. Jericho was on the west side of the river. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/02.md b/num/22/02.md index e626ccad84..5ceb6d2ac1 100644 --- a/num/22/02.md +++ b/num/22/02.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Balak son of Zippor -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh, dread]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:midian|Midian, Midianites]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] +Balak was king of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Zippor -* **Balak son of Zippor** - Balak was king of Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Moab was very afraid** - AT: "All of the Moabites were very afraid" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **This multitude will eat up all that is around us as an ox eats up the grass in a field** - This means the Israelites will easily destroy everything in the area. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Now Balak son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time** - This changes from the main story to background information about Balak. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) +Zippor is the father of Balak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Moab was very afraid of the people ... Moab was in terror of the people of Israel + +These two phrases mean the same thing, and emphasize how afraid Moab was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Moab was very afraid + +Here "Moab" refers to the people of Moab. AT: "All of the Moabites were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because they were many + +"because there were many of them" + +# The king of Moab said to the elders of Midian + +The Moabites and the Midianites were two different groups of people, but the Midianites were living in the land of Moab at that time. + +# This multitude will eat up all that is around us as an ox eats up the grass in a field + +The way the Israelites will destroy their enemies is spoken of as if they were an ox eating up the grass in a field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Now Balak son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time + +This changes from the main story to background information about Balak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/05.md b/num/22/05.md index 2131ee5f1f..a4e4fb4d58 100644 --- a/num/22/05.md +++ b/num/22/05.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# He sent messengers -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:balaam|Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling ]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptia]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates|Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +"Balak sent messengers" -## translationNotes +# Beor -* **He sent messengers** - "Balak sent messengers" -* **Beor** - This is the name of Balaam's father. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Pethor** - This is the name of a city. -* **of his nation and his people** - "of Balaam's nation and people" -* **He called him** - "Balak summoned Balaam" -* **I know that whomever you bless will be blessed, and whomever you curse will be cursed** - AT: "I know you have the power to bring blessings or curses on people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is the name of Balaam's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pethor + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# of his nation and his people + +"of Balaam's nation and people" + +# He called him + +"Balak called Balaam." Balak did not speak to Balaam directly, but did so through the messengers he sent. + +# They cover the face of the earth + +This is an exaggeration to emphasize how many of them there were. AT: "They are extremely numerous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the face of the earth + +This refers to the surface of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# drive them + +"chase them" + +# I know that whomever you bless will be blessed, and whomever you curse will be cursed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I know you have the power to bless or to curse people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/07.md b/num/22/07.md index d6f31fade6..768154c8c3 100644 --- a/num/22/07.md +++ b/num/22/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# payment for divination -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:divination|divination, diviner, soothsaying, soothsayer]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The abstract noun "divination" can be stated as an action. AT: "money to pay Balaam to curse Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# They came to Balaam -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +You may prefer to say "They went to Balaam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# spoke to him Balak's words + +"told him the message from Balak" + +# Balak + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). + +# I will bring you + +Balaam's report is spoken of as if it were something that he would carry to the messengers. AT: "I will tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/09.md b/num/22/09.md index 4fcaa8a268..76d5a4521f 100644 --- a/num/22/09.md +++ b/num/22/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# God came to Balaam -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] +"God appeared to Balaam" -## translationNotes +# Who are these men who came to you? -* **Who are these men who came to you?** - Yahweh uses a question to introduce a new topic of conversation. AT: "Tell me about these men who came to you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to introduce a new topic of conversation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me about these men who came to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Balak ... Zippor + +These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). + +# Look, the people ... drive them out + +Balaam restates the message that Balak sent to him. See how you translated many of these phrases in [Numbers 22:5-6](./05.md). + +# drive them out + +"chase them away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/12.md b/num/22/12.md index b7bf833f01..2c19c8a271 100644 --- a/num/22/12.md +++ b/num/22/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# because they have been blessed -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose ]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because I have blessed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Balak -* **because they have been blessed** - AT: "because I have blessed them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/15.md b/num/22/15.md index 8528372af7..5acd81eabc 100644 --- a/num/22/15.md +++ b/num/22/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They came to Balaam -* [[en:tw:Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] +You may prefer to say "They went to Balaam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## translationNotes +# Balak -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). + +# this people + +The singular noun refers to the Israelites as a group. AT: "this group of people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/18.md b/num/22/18.md index 94949d57c0..996c88dbbe 100644 --- a/num/22/18.md +++ b/num/22/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Balak -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). -## translationNotes +# Even if Balak would give me his palace full of silver and gold -* **Even if Balak would give me his palace full of silver and gold** - Balaam is describing something that would never happen. He is emphasizing that there is nothing that could make him disobey Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **I cannot go beyond the word of Yahweh...and do less or more than what he tells me** - This means Balaam cannot disobey Yahweh in any way. +Balaam is describing something that would never happen. He is emphasizing that there is nothing that could make him disobey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# I cannot go beyond the word of Yahweh ... and do less or more than what he tells me + +This means Balaam cannot disobey Yahweh in any way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/21.md b/num/22/21.md index 79b0d4d03a..689b0c7a51 100644 --- a/num/22/21.md +++ b/num/22/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# saddled his donkey -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel, archangel]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +A saddle is a seat put on the back of an animal in order to ride it. -## translationNotes +# God's anger was kindled -* **saddled his donkey** - A saddle is a seat put on the back of an animal in order to ride it. -* **God’s anger was kindled** - AT: "God became angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **as someone hostile to Balaam** - AT: "as an enemy to Balaam" or "in order to stop Balaam" -* **to turn her back** - Sometimes animals are referred to as "her" or "she." AT: "to turn it back" +The increase in God's anger is spoken of as if it was a fire starting to burn. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as someone hostile to Balaam + +"as an enemy to Balaam" or "in order to stop Balaam" + +# with his drawn sword + +A sword is drawn from its sheath in order to be ready to use. AT: "with his sword ready to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The donkey turned off the road and went into a field + +The donkey did this to avoid the angel of Yahweh. + +# to turn her back + +Sometimes animals are referred to as "her" or "she." AT: "to turn it back" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/24.md b/num/22/24.md index f7c89a2dda..cfbc6bc970 100644 --- a/num/22/24.md +++ b/num/22/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# She went against the wall -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard|vineyard]] +This was an attempt to escape from the angel of Yahweh in the road. -## translationNotes +# She went -* **and pinned Balaam’s foot against it** - AT: "and pushed Balaam's foot against it" or "and hurt Balaam's foot against it" +Sometimes animals are referred to as "her" or "she." AT: "It went" + +# pinned Balaam's foot against it + +"pushed Balaam's foot against it" or "hurt Balaam's foot against it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/26.md b/num/22/26.md index 5137158cf7..3898a74baf 100644 --- a/num/22/26.md +++ b/num/22/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Balaam's anger was kindled -* [[en:tw:Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:staff|staff]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Balaam’s anger was kindled** - This compares Balaam becoming angry to a person starting a fire. AT: "Balaam became very angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The increase in Balaam's anger is spoken of as if it was a fire starting to burn. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 22:22](./21.md). AT: "Balaam became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/28.md b/num/22/28.md index 302a05f08b..6fcd58161a 100644 --- a/num/22/28.md +++ b/num/22/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Yahweh opened the donkey's mouth so she could talk -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +Opening the mouth is associated with the ability to speak. AT: "Then Yahweh gave the donkey the ability to speak like a human would speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# She said to Balaam -* **opened the donkey’s mouth so she could talk** - Yahweh gave the donkey the ability to speak like a human would speak. -* **She said to Balaam** - "The donkey said to Balaam" -* **Am not I your donkey on which you have ridden all your life long to this present day** - AT: "I am your donkey on which you have ridden all your life, right up to the present moment." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Have I ever been in the habit of doing such things to you before** - AT: "I have never been in the habit of doing such things to you!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"The donkey said to Balaam" + +# Am not I your donkey on which you have ridden all your life long to this present day? + +This rhetorical question was used to convict Balaam that his judgment of the donkey was unfair. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am your donkey on which you have ridden all your life, right up to the present moment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have I ever been in the habit of doing such things to you before? + +This rhetorical question was used to further convict Balaam that his judgment of the donkey was unfair. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have never been in the habit of doing such things to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/31.md b/num/22/31.md index b29aefd11d..61ca0434b1 100644 --- a/num/22/31.md +++ b/num/22/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Yahweh opened Balaam's eyes, and he saw the angel of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away, return]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +To "open one's eyes" is associated with being able to see. AT: "Then Yahweh gave Balaam the ability to see the angel of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# with his drawn sword -* **Then Yahweh opened Balaam's eyes** - AT: "Yahweh gave Balaam the ability to see" -* **Balaam lowered his head and lay face down** - AT: "Balaam lowered his head and lay face down in humility" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Why have you struck your donkey these three times?** - AT: "You should not have struck your donkey these three times." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **as someone hostile to you** - "as an enemy to you" or "to oppose you" +A sword is drawn from its sheath in order to be ready to use. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:23](./21.md). AT: "with his sword ready to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Balaam lowered his head and lay facedown + +This indicates that Balaam is humbling himself before the angel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Why have you struck your donkey these three times? + +This rhetorical question is used to accuse Balaam of doing wrong. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have struck your donkey these three times." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# as someone hostile to you + +"as an enemy to you" or "to oppose you" + +# If she had not turned ... killed you and spared her life + +This hypothetical statement indicated what could have happened, but it did not because the donkey's actions saved Balaam. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/34.md b/num/22/34.md index 99ff7453ec..48b6e105d1 100644 --- a/num/22/34.md +++ b/num/22/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# So now, if it is displeasing to you -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +"So if you do not want me to continue going" -## translationNotes +# with the leaders of Balak -* **Now then, if this trip displeases you** - AT: "So if you do not want me to continue going" (UDB) -* **with the leaders of Balak** - AT: "with the leaders whom Balak had sent." See how you translated "Balak" in [[:en:bible:notes:num:22:02]]. +"with the leaders whom Balak had sent." See how you translated "Balak" in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/36.md b/num/22/36.md index 5604cbe30b..fc551b25fe 100644 --- a/num/22/36.md +++ b/num/22/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Arnon -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] +This is the name of a river. See how you translated it in [Numbers 21:13](../21/12.md). -## translationNotes +# Did I not send men to you to summon you? -* **Arnon** - This is the name of a river. See how you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:num:21:12]]. -* **Did I not send men to you to summon you** - AT: "Surely I sent men to summon you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why did you not come to me?** - AT: "You should have come to me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Am I not able to honor you?** - AT: "Surely you know that I am able to pay you money for coming to me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Balaam for delaying to come. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely I sent men to summon you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why did you not come to me? + +This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Balaam for delaying to come. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should have come to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Am I not able to honor you? + +This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Balaam for delaying to come. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you know that I am able to pay you money for coming to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/38.md b/num/22/38.md index 93749f0336..3761dbf189 100644 --- a/num/22/38.md +++ b/num/22/38.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do I now have any power to say anything? -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Balaam uses this rhetorical question to tell Balak that he will not be able to do everything that Balak asks him to do. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "But I have no power to say anything I want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). -## translationNotes +# the words that God puts into my mouth -* **Do I now have any power to say anything?** - AT: "But I have no power to say anything I want." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). -* **the words that God puts into my mouth** - AT: "what God wants me to say" -* **Kiriath Huzoth** - This is the name of a town. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The message is spoken of as if it is something that God put into his mouth. AT: "the message that God wants me to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Kiriath Huzoth + +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# some meat + +"some of the meat from the sacrifices" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/41.md b/num/22/41.md index 3fd54c4b3d..0808a6e28e 100644 --- a/num/22/41.md +++ b/num/22/41.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the high place of Baal -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the shrines of Baal** - AT: "the shrines where people made sacrifices to Baal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the same place as Bamoth in [Numbers 21:19](../21/19.md). The word Bamoth means "the high place," or 2) this is another high place where people sacrificed to Baal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/intro.md b/num/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44d25346ca --- /dev/null +++ b/num/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Numbers 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +The chapter begins a section on Balaam. The king of Moab wanted the prophet Balaam to come and curse Israel. God told him not to go but he wanted to go; so God told him to say only what God wanted him to say. Yahweh was able to use Balaam, even though he was not a prophet of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/01.md b/num/23/01.md index 9c892d0477..22cede472c 100644 --- a/num/23/01.md +++ b/num/23/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Balak -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:balaam|Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). -## translationNotes +# prepare seven bulls and seven rams -* **Balak** - This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:22:02]]. +"kill seven bulls and seven rams as a sacrifice" + +# Stand at your burnt offering and I will go + +"Stay here with your burnt offering and I will go a distance away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/04.md b/num/23/04.md index 189364f3c9..0ee6fcb77f 100644 --- a/num/23/04.md +++ b/num/23/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I have offered up a bull and a ram -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +It has already been stated that he killed these animals as a burnt offering. AT: "I have killed a bull and a ram and burnt them as an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh put a message in Balaam's mouth -* **Yahweh put a message in Balaam’s mouth and said** - AT: "Yahweh told Balaam what he wanted him to say. Then Yahweh said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here Yahweh giving Balaam a message to speak is spoken of as if Yahweh placed it in his mouth. AT: "Yahweh told Balaam what he wanted him to say to Balak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/07.md b/num/23/07.md index 0f78eafba3..4c0ce8c584 100644 --- a/num/23/07.md +++ b/num/23/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Balak has brought me from Aram ... the king of Moab from the eastern mountains -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] +These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# 'Come, curse Jacob for me,' ... 'Come, defy Israel.' -* **'Come, curse Jacob for me,’ he said. ‘Come, defy Israel.’** - Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize that Balak wants Balaam to curse the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **How can I curse those whom God has not cursed? How can I oppose those whom Yahweh does not oppose? - ** - ** AT: "But I cannot curse those whom God has not cursed. I cannot fight against those against whom Yahweh does not fight." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize that Balak wants Balaam to curse the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# How can I curse those whom God has not cursed? How can I oppose those whom Yahweh does not oppose? + +These rhetorical questions emphasize Balaam's refusal to disobey God. They can be translated as statements. AT: "But I cannot curse those whom God has not cursed. I cannot fight against those whom Yahweh does not fight!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/09.md b/num/23/09.md index f093d561e1..1b3453a0b1 100644 --- a/num/23/09.md +++ b/num/23/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# from the top of the rocks I see him ... from the hills I look at him -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +These two phrases mean the same thing. Balaam viewed Israel from the top of a hill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I see him ... I look at him -* **I see him…I look at him** - Here "him" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "him" is a metonymy that refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there is a people + +"there is a group of people" + +# do not consider themselves as just an ordinary nation + +This negative statement is used to stress that the opposite is true. AT: "they consider themselves to be a special nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/10.md b/num/23/10.md index 25515935e5..cfc78981f0 100644 --- a/num/23/10.md +++ b/num/23/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Who can count the dust of Jacob or number even only one-fourth of Israel? -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +Here "dust of Jacob" is a metaphor that speaks of the number of Israelites as if they were as numerous as the specks of dust. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There are too many Israelites to count. No one could count even a fourth of them because there are so many." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the death of a righteous person -* **Who can count the dust of Jacob or number even only one fourth of Israel?** - AT: "No one can count the Israelites. No one could count even a fourth of them because there are so many" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and let my life's end be like his** - Here "his" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +It is understood that this will be a peaceful death. This can be stated. AT: "the peaceful death of a righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a righteous person ... like his + +These are metonymies that refer to the people of Israel as a single person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/11.md b/num/23/11.md index 8ccf91e7a2..6ae133a3b5 100644 --- a/num/23/11.md +++ b/num/23/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Balak -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] +This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). -## translationNotes +# What have you done to me? -* **Balak** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:num:22:02]]. -* **What have you done to me?** - AT: "I cannot believe you did this to me!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Should I not be careful to say only what Yahweh puts in my mouth?** - AT: "I must be very careful to say only what Yahweh tells me to say." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Balak uses this question to scold Balaam. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I cannot believe you did this to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# but look + +This emphasizes the shocking action that follows. + +# Should I not be careful to say only what Yahweh puts in my mouth? + +Balaam uses this rhetorical question to defend his actions. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I must be very careful to say only what Yahweh tells me to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to say only what Yahweh puts in my mouth + +The message is spoken of as if it is something that God put into his mouth. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 22:38](../22/38.md). AT: "to say only what Yahweh wants me to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/13.md b/num/23/13.md index c21cf487d2..c1d7e54bcc 100644 --- a/num/23/13.md +++ b/num/23/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# There you will curse them for me -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"There you will curse the Israelites for me" -## translationNotes +# field of Zophim -* **field of Zophim** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The word 'Zophim' means 'to watch' or 'to spy.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mount Pisgah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:num:21:19]]. -* **There you will curse them for me** - "There you will curse the Israelites for me" +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The word 'Zophim' means 'to watch' or 'to spy.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mount Pisgah + +This is the name of a mountain. See how you translated this in [Numbers 21:20](../21/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/16.md b/num/23/16.md index f5325dd931..cff228f22e 100644 --- a/num/23/16.md +++ b/num/23/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# put a message in his mouth -* [[en:tw:Moab]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] +The message is spoken of as if it is something that God put into his mouth. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 22:38](../22/38.md). AT: "told him what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He said -* **and put a message in his mouth. He said** - AT: "and told him what to say. Then Yahweh said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **son of Zippor** - This refers to Balak. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:22:02]]. +"Then Yahweh said" + +# Balak, and hear ... Listen to me, you son of Zippor + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it was for Balak to pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# son of Zippor + +This refers to Balak. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/19.md b/num/23/19.md index e2e15f1882..eaf0869e46 100644 --- a/num/23/19.md +++ b/num/23/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Has he promised anything without doing it? Has he said he would do something without carrying it out? -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] +Both of these questions mean the same thing and emphasize that God does what he says he will. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. AT: "He has never promised a thing without fulfilling what he promised. He has always done exactly what he said he would do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# I have been commanded to bless -* **Has he promised anything without doing it? Has he said he would do something without carrying it out?** - Both of these questions mean the same thing. AT: "He has never promised a thing without fulfilling what he promised. He has always done exactly what he said he would." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I have been commanded to bless** - AT: "God has commanded me to bless the Israelites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has commanded me to bless the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/21.md b/num/23/21.md index 6f605d46ff..e5a09b19de 100644 --- a/num/23/21.md +++ b/num/23/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# hardship in Jacob ... trouble in Israel -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +These two phrases mean the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) God has given Israel only good things or 2) there is no sin in Israel that would cause him to judge them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# shouts for their king are among them -* **He has seen no hardship in Jacob or trouble in Israel** - AT: "There is no hardship or trouble among the Israelites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **and shouts for their king are among them** - AT: "and they shout with joy because Yahweh is their king" -* **With strength like that of a wild ox** - This emphasizes Yahweh's great strength. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"they shout with joy because Yahweh is their king" + +# with strength like that of a wild ox + +This simile says that Yahweh's great strength is equal to an ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/23.md b/num/23/23.md index b64b305fb3..a864753cf6 100644 --- a/num/23/23.md +++ b/num/23/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# There is no sorcery that works against Jacob ... no fortune-telling harms Israel -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery|sorcery, sorcerer, witchcraft]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:wrong|wrong, mistreat, hurt]] +These two lines mean the same thing, that no curse that anyone puts on the nation of Israel will be effective. Here "Jacob" is a metonymy that refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# it must be said -* **Jacob...Israel** - These both refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **it must be said** - AT: "people must say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. "people must say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Look what God has done! + +It is implied that what God did for them was good. AT: "Look at the good things God has done for them!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/24.md b/num/23/24.md index 16df647b46..e56a477040 100644 --- a/num/23/24.md +++ b/num/23/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the people rise like a lioness ... he has killed -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the people rise like a lioness...he has killed** - This means the Israelites are very strong and they will defeat their enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This verse is a long metaphor that speaks of Israel defeating her enemies as if Israel was a lion devouring its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/25.md b/num/23/25.md index 8d5191c9a6..57d3f7ed8a 100644 --- a/num/23/25.md +++ b/num/23/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Balak -* [[en:tw:Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] +This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). -## translationNotes +# Did I not tell you that I must say all that Yahweh tells me to say? -* **Balak** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:num:22:02]]. -* **Did I not tell you that I must say all that Yahweh tells me to say?** - AT: "I told you that I must say all that Yahweh tells me to say." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Balaam uses this rhetorical question to remind Balak that Balaam refused to disobey God even before he came to Balak. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I told you before that I must say all that Yahweh tells me to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/28.md b/num/23/28.md index 4e4a5a48c3..9c1ac807b7 100644 --- a/num/23/28.md +++ b/num/23/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# which looks down on the wilderness -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:peor]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +It is understood that this wilderness was where Israel was camped. AT: "which looks down on the wilderness where Israel was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/intro.md b/num/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60a156ee56 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Numbers 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +The story of Balaam continues in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 23:7-10 and 18-24, which are quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cursing God's people ##### + +God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blessed Israel twice when he was supposed to curse them. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/01.md b/num/24/01.md index f5d4c52984..6d5f607c01 100644 --- a/num/24/01.md +++ b/num/24/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# as at the other times -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:balaam|Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery|sorcery, sorcerer, witchcraft]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this verse. +"like he did the previous times" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/02.md b/num/24/02.md index feba0fb74d..9fcc7acebe 100644 --- a/num/24/02.md +++ b/num/24/02.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He raised his eyes -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:receive|receive]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +Here "raised his eyes" is an idiom that means to look up. AT: "He looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Spirit of God came on him -* **He raised his eyes** - AT: "He looked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Spirit of God came on him** - This mean's God's Spirit took control of him to prophesy. -* **son of Beor** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:22:05]]. -* **whose eyes are wide open** - This means he has received the spiritual power to know and understand God's will. +This mean's God's Spirit took control of him to prophesy. + +# He received this prophecy + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave him this prophecy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Balaam son of Beor + +Beor was Balaam's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:5](../22/05.md). + +# whose eyes are wide open + +This idiom means he sees and understands clearly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/04.md b/num/24/04.md index d9d3c3d38a..15dee02859 100644 --- a/num/24/04.md +++ b/num/24/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:almighty|Almighty]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +Balaam continues to prophesy under the control of the Spirit of God. -## translationNotes +# He speaks ... He sees ... he bows -* Balaam continues the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. -* **He speaks** - Here Balaam refers to himself as "he." -* **with his eyes open** - This means Balaam has received the spiritual power to know and understand God's will. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **How beautiful are your tents, Jacob, the place where you live, Israel!** - Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize the Israelite camp was beautiful to Balaam. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here Balaam refers to himself as "He." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he bows down + +This is an act of humility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# with his eyes open + +Here "eyes open" is an idiom that means Balaam has received the ability to know what God wants to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# How beautiful are your tents, Jacob, the place where you live, Israel! + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize the Israelite camp was beautiful to Balaam. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/06.md b/num/24/06.md index 01b3924333..03409475c4 100644 --- a/num/24/06.md +++ b/num/24/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cedar|cedar]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Balaam continues to prophesy under the control of the Spirit of God. -## translationNotes +# Like valleys they spread out -* Balaam continues the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. -* **Like valleys they spread out...beside the waters** - Balaam is emphasizing how beautiful and impressive the Israelite camp is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **aloes planted by Yahweh** - Aloes are shrubs or trees with a pleasant smell. AT: "aloes which Yahweh has planted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they were numerous enough to cover entire valleys. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like gardens by the riverside + +Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they were well-watered gardens that produce an abundant harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# aloes planted by Yahweh + +Aloes are plants with a pleasant smell that grow well even in dry conditions. Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they would thrive and be pleasant like aloe plants. This can be stated in active form. AT: "aloes which Yahweh has planted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# like cedars beside the waters + +Cedar trees were the largest trees in Israel. Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they grew as large as well-watered cedar trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/07.md b/num/24/07.md index 191eecc905..3635531de7 100644 --- a/num/24/07.md +++ b/num/24/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:seed]] -* [[en:tw:seed|seed]] +Balaam continues to prophesy under the control of the Spirit of God. -## translationNotes +# Water flows ... well-watered -* Balaam continues the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. -* **Water flows from their buckets, and their seed is well-watered** - watered** - This refers to God's blessing on his people when they enter the land he has promised them. They will have plenty of water and healthy crops. -* **Their king will be higher than Agag** - This means the future king of Israel will have more honor and will be more powerful than Agag. Agag was king of the Amalekites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **their kingdom will be honored** - AT: "other people will give honor to their kingdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Abundant water is associated with God's blessing on the crops of the land. AT: "God will bless Israel with plenty of water for their crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their seed is well-watered + +Well-watered seed refers to God's blessing on his people so that they will have abundant crops. AT: "they will have plenty of water for their seed to grow healthy crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their king is to be higher ... their kingdom will be honored + +These two phrases have similar meaning, emphasizing how much God will bless them compared to other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Their king is to be higher than Agag + +Here "higher" refers to greater honor and power. This means the future king of Israel will have more honor and will be more powerful than Agag. Agag was king of the Amalekites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their kingdom will be honored + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "other people will give honor to their kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/08.md b/num/24/08.md index 4ac6587ee9..6ab4b59d0e 100644 --- a/num/24/08.md +++ b/num/24/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +Balaam continues to prophesy under the control of the Spirit of God. -## translationNotes +# God brings him -* Balaam continues the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. -* **God brings him** - "God brings the Israelites" -* **He has strength like a wild ox** - This emphasizes that the Israelites have great strength. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He will eat up the nations** - Balaam compares the Israelites to a wild animal. This means they will destroy their enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"God brings the Israelites" + +# with strength like a wild ox + +This simile emphasizes that the Israelites have great strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He will eat up the nations + +Balaam speaks of the Israelites as if they are wild animals that eat their enemies. This means they will destroy their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/09.md b/num/24/09.md index 62060274be..2109276561 100644 --- a/num/24/09.md +++ b/num/24/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] +Balaam finishes the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. -## translationNotes +# He crouches down like a lion, like a lioness -* Balaam finishes the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. -* **He crouches down like a lion, like a lioness** - Balaam compares the Israelites to both male and female lions. This means they are dangerous and always ready to attack. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Who dares disturb him?** - Balaam uses a question to warn all the people to not provoke the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **May everyone who blesses him be blessed; may everyone who curses him be cursed** - AT: "May God bless those who bless the Israelites; may he curse those who curse the Israelites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +In this simile, Balaam compares the Israelites to both male and female lions. This means they are dangerous and always ready to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Who dares disturb him? + +Balaam uses a question to warn all the people to not provoke the Israelites. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one dares to disturb him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# May everyone who blesses him be blessed; may everyone who curses him be cursed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God bless those who bless the Israelites; may he curse those who curse the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/10.md b/num/24/10.md index b4c6a5376a..4388a063c7 100644 --- a/num/24/10.md +++ b/num/24/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Balak's anger was kindled -* [[en:tw:Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:reward|reward]] +The increase in Balak's anger is spoken of as if it was a fire starting to burn. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Balak became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# struck his hands together in anger -* **Balak’s anger was kindled** - This compares Balack becoming angry to someone starting a fire. AT: "Balak’s anger stirred up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **struck his hands together** - This was a sign of great frustration and anger. +This was a sign of great frustration and anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/12.md b/num/24/12.md index 05eea72d78..6c0c7fdc6d 100644 --- a/num/24/12.md +++ b/num/24/12.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Even if Balak gave me his palace full of silver and gold -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Balaam is describing something that would never happen. This statement emphasizes that there is nothing that would make Balaam disobey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# Did I not say this to them? -* **Even if Balak gave me his palace full of silver and gold** - Balaam is describing something that would never happen. This statement emphasizes that there is nothing that would make Balaam disobey God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Did I not say this to them?** - Balaam uses a question to remind Balak about what he said earlier. "AT: I said this to them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **this people** - "the Israelites" +Balaam uses a question to remind Balak about what he said earlier. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. "AT: I said this to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this people + +"the Israelites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/15.md b/num/24/15.md index 79a8fce127..91ccfb2dba 100644 --- a/num/24/15.md +++ b/num/24/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Balaam son of Beor -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:almighty|Almighty]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh|Most High]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] +Beor was Balaam's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:5](../22/05.md). -## translationNotes +# whose eyes are wide open -* **son of Beor** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:22:05]]. -* **whose eyes are wide open** - This means Balaam has received the power to know and understand God's will. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This idiom means he sees and understands clearly. See how you translated this in [Numbers 24:3](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who has knowledge from the Most High + +The abstract term "knowledge" can be stated as an action. AT: "who knows things that God Most High has revealed to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# bows down + +This is a sign of submission to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/17.md b/num/24/17.md index 974abe0610..5d0d4703fc 100644 --- a/num/24/17.md +++ b/num/24/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jacob]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:scepter|scepter]] -* [[en:tw:seth]] -* [[en:tw:seth|Seth]] +Balaam continues the first of his four prophecies. -## translationNotes +# I see him, but he is not here now. I look at him, but he is not near -* Balaam continues the first of his four prophecies. -* **I see him, but he is not here now. I look at him, but he is not near.** - Both of these statements mean the same thing. Balaam is having a vision of a future event. The word "him" refers to a future leader of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A star will come out of Jacob** - Here "star" refers to an Israelite king that will rise in power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a scepter will rise out of Israel** - This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. A king shall rise out of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **all the descendants of Seth** - This refers to the Moabites, who were descendants of Seth. +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Balaam is having a vision of a future event. The word "him" refers to a future leader of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# A star will come out of Jacob + +Here "star" refers to an Israelite king that will rise in power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# out of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "from among the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a scepter will rise out of Israel + +This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Here "scepter" refers to a powerful king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# out of Israel + +Here "Israel" refers to future Israelites. AT: "from among the Israelites in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# shatter Moab's leaders + +Possible meanings are 1) he will break the heads of the leaders of Moab or 2) he will destroy the leaders of Moab. + +# all the descendants of Seth + +This also refers to the Moabites, who were descendants of Seth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/18.md b/num/24/18.md index cf19d4bf93..aea549460d 100644 --- a/num/24/18.md +++ b/num/24/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Edom]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:dominion|dominion]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] +Balaam finishes the first of his four prophecies. -## translationNotes +# Edom will become a possession of Israel -* Balaam finishes the first of his four prophecies. -* **out of Jacob will come** - Jacob was the ancestor of the Israelites. This refers to the whole people group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **of their city** - This refers to the city of Ar where Balak met Balaam. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Israelites will occupy Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Seir will also become their possession + +Here "Seir" refers to the people who lived near Mount Seir. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Israel will also conquer the people of Seir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Out of Jacob a king will come + +Jacob was the ancestor of the Israelites. "Jacob" is a metonymy that refers to the whole people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of their city + +This refers to the city of Ar where Balak met Balaam. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/20.md b/num/24/20.md index 2ca844b757..93ab344921 100644 --- a/num/24/20.md +++ b/num/24/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Balaam looked at Amalek -* [[en:tw:Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:amalekite|Amalek, Amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] +Here "Amalek" is a metonymy that refers to the people of Amalek. This continues Balaam's vision while turning to look in the direction of the Amalek nation, and then he prophecies about the Amalekites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# his final end -* **Balaam looked at Amalek** - This continues Balaam's vision while turning to look in the direction of the Amalek nation, and then he prophecies about the Amalekites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +A singular pronoun is used because the Amalekites are spoken of as a single person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/21.md b/num/24/21.md index e6a43fd1fa..09c43c7e6c 100644 --- a/num/24/21.md +++ b/num/24/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the Kenites -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire, Asshur]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] +This is the name of a people group who descended from Kain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# The place where you live is strong -* **the Kenites** - This is the name of a people group who descended from Kain. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **your nest is in the rocks** - This means that they live in a secure place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Nevertheless Kain will be ruined when Assyria carries you away captive** - AT: "Nevertheless the Assyrians will destroy the Kenites and take them as captives" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"The place were you live is well defended" + +# your nest is in the rocks + +This is a metaphor that means that they live in a secure place. AT: "your location is as secure as a nest high in the rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nevertheless you Kenites will be consumed by fire when Assyria carries you away captive + +Here the destruction of the Kenites is spoken of as if they were burned up in a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Nevertheless the Assyrians will destroy you Kenites like a fire, and take you away as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/23.md b/num/24/23.md index 2741556470..beaf1fc67e 100644 --- a/num/24/23.md +++ b/num/24/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Who will survive when God does this? -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one will survive when God does this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Kittim -* **Who will survive when God does this?** - AT: "No one will survive when God does this!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Kittim ** - This is the name of a city on an island in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the name of a city on an island in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they, too, will end in destruction + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as an action. AT: "God will destroy them also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/25.md b/num/24/25.md index ac37ee0e8a..3e7c3d7f8e 100644 --- a/num/24/25.md +++ b/num/24/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Balak -* [[en:tw:balaam]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Balak** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:num:22:02]]. +This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/intro.md b/num/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0fcd9403b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Numbers 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Balaam continues in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 24:3-9 and 15-24, which are quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cursing God's people ##### + +God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blesses Israel again and the king is angry and sends him home. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/01.md b/num/25/01.md index ca95d148bb..466aa4a11a 100644 --- a/num/25/01.md +++ b/num/25/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Shittim -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sex|have sex with, have relations with, sleep with, lovemaking]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# bowed down -* **Shittim** - This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Peor** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:23:28]]. -* **Yahweh's anger was kindled against Israel** - This compares Yahweh becoming angry to someone starting a fire. As mentioned in 25:8-9, God sent a plague because of their sin. AT: "Yahweh became very angry with the Israelites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Peor + +Peor was the name of a mountain. See how you translated this in [Numbers 23:28](../23/28.md). + +# Yahweh's anger was kindled + +The increase in Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it was a fire starting to burn. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 21:20](../21/19.md). AT: "Yahweh became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/04.md b/num/25/04.md index 5c765aae64..adc5af15b2 100644 --- a/num/25/04.md +++ b/num/25/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all the leaders of the people -* [[en:tw:hang]] -* [[en:tw:hang|hang]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +It is implied that this refers to the leaders who were guilty of idolatry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "all the leaders of the people who are guilty of idolatry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# to expose them in the daylight -* **all the leaders of the people** - AT: "all the leaders of the people who are guilty of idolatry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **​to expose them in the daylight** - This means that they will be killed during the day, and hung up for Yahweh and the people of Israel to see. -* **to Israel’s leaders** - AT: "to Israel's leaders who were not guilty of idolatry" +This means that the leaders of Israel will kill these people and leave their dead bodies out where all the people can see them. + +# to Israel's leaders + +"to Israel's leaders who were not guilty of idolatry" + +# Peor + +Peor was the name of a mountain. See how you translated this in [Numbers 23:28](../23/28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/06.md b/num/25/06.md index 95d16468ff..9d8d06700f 100644 --- a/num/25/06.md +++ b/num/25/06.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# brought among his family members a Midianite woman -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:midian|Midian, Midianites]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen, arise, arose]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:spear|spear]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +It is implied that he brought her among his camp to have sex with her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "brought a Midianite woman to the Israelite camp to sleep with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# in the sight of Moses and all the community of the people of Israel -* **brought among his family members a Midianite woman** - AT: "brought a Midianite woman to the Israelite camp to have sex with her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Eleazar** - This is the name of Aaron's son. See how you translated it in [[en:bible:notes:num:03:01]]. +Here "in the sight of" is an idiom that means they heard about it, or found out about it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Eleazar + +This is the name of Aaron's son. See how you translated it in [Numbers 3:2](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/08.md b/num/25/08.md index 9046d29493..ee7dd902f6 100644 --- a/num/25/08.md +++ b/num/25/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He followed -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] - -## translationNotes - -* **He followed** - "Phinehas followed" +"Phinehas followed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/10.md b/num/25/10.md index 9528c9a4c9..ab8a905278 100644 --- a/num/25/10.md +++ b/num/25/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# turned my rage away from the people of Israel -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:consume|consume]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] -* [[en:tw:rage|rage]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] -* [[en:tw:zealous|zeal, zealous]] +God's rage is spoken of as if it were something that could be physically pushed aside in order to stop it. AT: "caused me to no longer be angry with the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I have not consumed the people of Israel in my fierceness -* **I have not consumed the people of Israel in my fierceness** - AT: "I have not destroyed the people of Israel in my terrible anger" +God is spoken of as if he were a fierce animal that could have eaten up the people of Israel. AT: "I have not destroyed the people of Israel in my terrible anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/12.md b/num/25/12.md index d1877b3c47..017ebdfff5 100644 --- a/num/25/12.md +++ b/num/25/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore say, 'Yahweh says, "Look, I am giving to Phinehas ... the people of Israel."' -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes to be added for these verses. +This continues Yahweh's speech from the previous verse. This has quotations within quotations. The direct quotations can be stated as indirect quotation. AT: "Therefore say to Phinehas that I am giving to him ... the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/14.md b/num/25/14.md index 671f835915..b39a48a4cf 100644 --- a/num/25/14.md +++ b/num/25/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:midian|Midian, Midianites]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:simeon|Simeon]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +This switches from the main storyline to background information about Zimri and Kozbi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# who was killed -* **Now** - This switches from the main story line to background information about Zimri and Cozbi. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **who was killed** - AT: "whom Phinehas killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Zimri...Salu...Zur** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Cozbi** - This is the name of a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Phinehas killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Zimri ... Salu ... Zur + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kozbi + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/16.md b/num/25/16.md index 8141d86269..98e9a44b55 100644 --- a/num/25/16.md +++ b/num/25/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# with their deceitfulness -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] +The abstract noun "deceitfulness" can be stated as a verb. AT: "by deceiving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# They led you into evil -* **who was killed** - AT: "whom Phinehas killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They led you into evil** - "They persuaded you to do this evil thing" +"They persuaded you to do this evil thing" + +# in the case of Peor ... in the matter of Peor + +Both of these phrases mean that these things happened at Mount Peor. + +# Peor + +Peor was the name of a mountain. See how you translated this in [Numbers 23:28](../23/28.md). + +# who was killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Phinehas killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/intro.md b/num/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f076451c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Numbers 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Balaam concludes in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Foreign women ##### + +Balaam told the young women from Moab to act friendly to the Israelite men and invite them to feasts in honor of their god Baal. The men went to the feasts and worshiped Baal. God was angry and killed 24,000 Israelite men. Foreign women are often the source of problems in Israel. They caused the men to worship their false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/01.md b/num/26/01.md index f699e8c93b..396c4cc919 100644 --- a/num/26/01.md +++ b/num/26/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Count all the community -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +They were only to count the men, not the women. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Count all the men of the community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty years old and up -* **Eleazar** - See how you translated this name in [[:en:bible:notes:num:03:01]]. -* **twenty years old** - "20 years old" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[:en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) -* **by their ancestor's families** - AT: "according to their families" +"20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/03.md b/num/26/03.md index 97378a49d7..b70bfb0ffc 100644 --- a/num/26/03.md +++ b/num/26/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# spoke to them -* [[en:tw:Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] +"spoke to the Israelite leaders" -## translationNotes +# plains -* **plain** - a large, flat area of land +A plain is a large flat area of land. + +# twenty years old and up + +"20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/05.md b/num/26/05.md index 4cc6836697..2aa408197c 100644 --- a/num/26/05.md +++ b/num/26/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:reuben|Reuben]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# was the firstborn of Israel -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here "Israel" refers to the man also known as Jacob. + +# From his son + +The word "his" refers to Rueben. + +# 43,730 men + +"forty-three thousand seven hundred and thirty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/08.md b/num/26/08.md index 5d90de2bd4..425af6b11a 100644 --- a/num/26/08.md +++ b/num/26/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:korah|Korah]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Eliab ... Dathan ... Abiram -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Eliab...Dathan...Abiram** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:num:16:01]]. +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 16:1](../16/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/10.md b/num/26/10.md index d6775608bd..28dd529da2 100644 --- a/num/26/10.md +++ b/num/26/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] +Here the earth is spoken of as if it were a person opening its mouth and eating something. AT: "Yahweh caused the earth to split open, and the men fell in the hole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# fire devoured 250 men -* **The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up** - AT: "Yahweh caused the earth to split open, and the men fell in the hole" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **fire devoured 250 men** - AT: "Yahweh caused a fire to break out and kill 250 men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Korah's line** - AT: "all of Korah's family" +Here the fire is spoken of as if it were a large animal devouring something. AT: "Yahweh caused a fire that killed 250 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# 250 men + +"two hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Korah's line + +"all of Korah's family" + +# die out + +"end" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/12.md b/num/26/12.md index 26525679e9..64879d317b 100644 --- a/num/26/12.md +++ b/num/26/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:simeon|Simeon]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 22,200 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"twenty-two thousand two hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/15.md b/num/26/15.md index 05f49b4b01..b2a2a32044 100644 --- a/num/26/15.md +++ b/num/26/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gad]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 40,500 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"forty thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/19.md b/num/26/19.md index bd406cea49..d37b849589 100644 --- a/num/26/19.md +++ b/num/26/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 76,500 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"seventy-six thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/23.md b/num/26/23.md index dfd4fd1fd7..17f302d1ea 100644 --- a/num/26/23.md +++ b/num/26/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:issachar|Issachar]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 64,300 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"sixty-four thousand three hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/26.md b/num/26/26.md index fa4c4cddbd..e2d69e3871 100644 --- a/num/26/26.md +++ b/num/26/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 60,500 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"sixty thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/28.md b/num/26/28.md index ed9d2c54bf..cb9a3ef9c6 100644 --- a/num/26/28.md +++ b/num/26/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] - -## translationNotes - -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/30.md b/num/26/30.md index f921a04db4..cb9a3ef9c6 100644 --- a/num/26/30.md +++ b/num/26/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] - -## translationNotes - -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/33.md b/num/26/33.md index 28dd5528fb..c3d1db05df 100644 --- a/num/26/33.md +++ b/num/26/33.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 52,700 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"fifty-two thousand seven hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/35.md b/num/26/35.md index 396b8e9cf5..94c54e2700 100644 --- a/num/26/35.md +++ b/num/26/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 32,500 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"thirty-two thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# These were Joseph's descendants + +The word "these" refers to all of the men descended from Joseph's sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "These were Joseph's descendants, descended from his sons Manasseh and Ephraim," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# counted in each of their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they counted them in each of their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/38.md b/num/26/38.md index d289b5f2f2..a0a1fce1c6 100644 --- a/num/26/38.md +++ b/num/26/38.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 45,600 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"forty-five thousand six hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/42.md b/num/26/42.md index c1ba4706e8..f542320989 100644 --- a/num/26/42.md +++ b/num/26/42.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dan]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 64,400 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"sixty-four thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/44.md b/num/26/44.md index 883a28f4ce..6ff8233411 100644 --- a/num/26/44.md +++ b/num/26/44.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:asher|Asher]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 53,400 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"fifty-three thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/48.md b/num/26/48.md index dd4303b248..45419e19c5 100644 --- a/num/26/48.md +++ b/num/26/48.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 45,400 men -* The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"forty-five thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/51.md b/num/26/51.md index 3d92ac8bcc..24ac4ef8bd 100644 --- a/num/26/51.md +++ b/num/26/51.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the complete count -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"the total number" -## translationNotes +# 601,730 -* **601,730** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"six-hundred and one thousand, seven hundred and thirty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/52.md b/num/26/52.md index b708110f7f..bd95432b5d 100644 --- a/num/26/52.md +++ b/num/26/52.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The land must be divided -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance, heritage]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must divide the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# these men -* **The land must be divided** - AT: "You must divide the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **these men** - This refers to the each clan mentioned in 26:5-51. -* **to the number of their names** - AT: "to how many people are in each clan" +This refers to all of the men that were counted in their clans, beginning in [Numbers 26:5](./05.md). + +# according to the number of their names + +"by the number of people in each clan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/54.md b/num/26/54.md index e4f6dd6531..48864f9850 100644 --- a/num/26/54.md +++ b/num/26/54.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:lots|lots, casting lots]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# give more inheritance -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **give more inheritance** - AT: "give more land as an inheritance" -* **who were counted** - AT: "whom the leaders of Israel counted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the land must be divided** - AT "you must divide the land" -* **by random lots** - God would show his will by how sticks fell on the ground. AT: "as I show you how" -* **it will be divided** - AT "you will divide it" -* **distributed to them** - AT: "and you must distribute the land to them" +In this passage, the word "inheritance" refers to land inherited. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "give more land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who were counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the leaders of Israel counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the land must be divided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must divide the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by random lots + +"by casting lots" + +# it will be divided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will divide it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# distributed to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and you must distribute the land to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/57.md b/num/26/57.md index 66d8e530ff..2305b14fad 100644 --- a/num/26/57.md +++ b/num/26/57.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:miriam]] -* [[en:tw:miriam|Miriam]] +This is a list of the Levite clans. Moses counts the Levites separately from the other tribes because they did not receive any land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# counted clan by clan -* This is a list of the Levite clans. Moses counts the Levites separately from the other tribes because they did not receive any land. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Gershon...Kohath...Merari...Amram** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:num:03:17]]. -* **She bore to Amram their children** - AT: "She and Amram had children" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the leaders also counted clan by clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Gershon ... Kohath ... Merari ... Amram + +See how you translated these men's names you did in [Numbers 3:17-19](../03/17.md). + +# She bore to Amram their children + +"She and Amram had children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/60.md b/num/26/60.md index 7f1f7c1114..bd851da9d6 100644 --- a/num/26/60.md +++ b/num/26/60.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Nadab ... Abihu ... Ithamar -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance, heritage, heir]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 3:2](../03/01.md). -## translationNotes +# they offered before Yahweh unacceptable fire -* **Nadab and Abihu, Eleazr and Ithamar** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:num:03:01]]. -* **who were counted** - AT: "whom the leaders counted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **23,000** - "twenty three thousand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **one month** - "1 month" (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **because no inheritance was given to them** - AT: "because Yahweh said they would not receive any land as an inheritance" +Here the word "fire" is used to refer to "burning incense." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 3:4](../03/03.md). AT: "they burned an incense offering to Yahweh in a way that he did not approve of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who were counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the leaders counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# twenty-three thousand + +"23,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one month old and up + +"one month old and older" + +# they were not counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but the leaders did not count them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because no inheritance was given to them + +This can be stated in active form. Here "inheritance" refers to land inherited. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "because Yahweh said they would not receive any land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/63.md b/num/26/63.md index e198693161..ab3b728cb6 100644 --- a/num/26/63.md +++ b/num/26/63.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# who were counted by Moses and Eleazar the priest -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:sinai|Sinai, Mount Sinai]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Moses and Eleazar the priest counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# there was no man -* **who were counted by Moses and Eleazar the priest** - AT: "whom Moses and Eleazar the priest counted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who had been counted by Moses and Aaron the priest** - AT: "whom Moses and Aaron the priest had counted" -* **when the descendants of Israel were counted** - AT: "when they counted the descendants of Israel" +"there were no men" + +# who had been counted by Moses and Aaron the priest + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Moses and Aaron the priest had counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when the descendants of Israel were counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when they counted the descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/65.md b/num/26/65.md index 39055fd3b5..85b32d08fa 100644 --- a/num/26/65.md +++ b/num/26/65.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# There was not a man left among them, except -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:caleb|Caleb]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] +The word "them" refers to all of the people who were counted in the wilderness of Sinai. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "The only ones who were still alive were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# son of Jephunneh -* **son of Jephunneh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:13:05]]. -* **son of Nun** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:11:28]]. +Jephunneh was Caleb's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:6](../13/05.md). + +# son of Nun + +Nun was Joshua's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 11:28](../11/28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/intro.md b/num/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e19b552805 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Numbers 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 26:12-18, 20-27, 29-39, 44-45, 48-49 and 57-58, which are lists. + +The people are counted in preparation for entering into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### A new generation ##### + +None of the adults who came out of Egypt with Moses were still alive except the two faithful spies, Joshua and Caleb. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/01.md b/num/27/01.md index cc97bf674b..d34cdba820 100644 --- a/num/27/01.md +++ b/num/27/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then to Moses came the daughters of Zelophehad ... son of Joseph -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:tirzah]] -* [[en:tw:tirzah|Tirzah]] +"Then the daughters of Zelophehad son of Hepher son of Gilead son of Machir son of Manasseh, of the clans of Manasseh son of Joseph came to Moses." This tells us the genealogy of Zelophehad. -## translationNotes +# Zelophehad son of Hepher ... Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah -* **Zelophehad, son of Hepher...Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:num:26:33]]. -* **Gilead...Machir** - See how you transliterated these in [[en:bible:notes:num:26:28]]. +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md). + +# Gilead ... Machir + +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 26:29](../26/28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/02.md b/num/27/02.md index 8046d7d732..fabb8dbfa4 100644 --- a/num/27/02.md +++ b/num/27/02.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They stood -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent of meeting]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"The daughters of Zelophehad stood" -## translationNotes +# who conspired against Yahweh in the company of Korah -* **They stood** - "The daughters of Zelophehad stood" -* **Eleazar** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:03:01]]. -* **He died in his own sin; instead, it was because of his own sin that he died** - This statement is repeated to emphasize that their father died in the wilderness along with his generation, but not because he rebelled with Korah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The people in the company of Korah gathered together and rebelled against Yahweh. Yahweh caused them to die, because of their sin. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "who died because they were among Korah's followers who rebelled against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for his own sin + +"because of his own sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/04.md b/num/27/04.md index c8cd85d4e6..1e35da71a1 100644 --- a/num/27/04.md +++ b/num/27/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Why should our father's name be taken away from among his clan members because he had no son? -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] +At that time, only sons received land as an inheritance. The daughters use this question to suggest that they should receive the inheritance and continue the family clan. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not remove our father's name from the clan members just because he did not have a son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Give us land among our father's relatives -* **Why should our father’s name be taken away from among his clan members because he had no son?** - At that time, only sons received land as an inheritance. The daughters use this question to suggest that they should receive the inheritance and continue the family clan. AT: "You should not remove our father's name from the clan members just because he did not have a son." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This means that they are asking to inherit land near where their father's relatives are inheriting land. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Give us land where our father's relatives live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/06.md b/num/27/06.md index 953431a3f6..d535067746 100644 --- a/num/27/06.md +++ b/num/27/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# among their father's relatives -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This means that they will be inherit land where their father's relatives are inheriting land. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "where their father's relatives live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/09.md b/num/27/09.md index 916b906aa3..aa59c8981f 100644 --- a/num/27/09.md +++ b/num/27/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] +This continues God's law about who will receive land if a man does not have any sons. -## translationNotes +# be a law established by decree for the people of Israel -* This continues God's law about who will receive land if a man does not have any sons. -* **be a law established by decree for the people of Israel** - AT: "be a law that all the people of Israel must obey" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **has commanded me** - Here "me" refers to Moses. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "be a law that all the people of Israel must obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# has commanded me + +Here "me" refers to Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/12.md b/num/27/12.md index 1edd8ea931..a468f41b63 100644 --- a/num/27/12.md +++ b/num/27/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# mountains of Abarim -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh|Kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] +This is a range of mountains in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# that I have given to the people of Israel -* **mountains of Abarim** - This is a range of mountains in Moab. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **that I have given to the people of Israel** - AT: "that I will give to the people of Israel" -* **you, too, must be gathered to your people** - AT: "you must die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **like Aaron your brother** - AT: "like your older brother Aaron died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **you two rebelled** - This refers to Moses and Aaron. -* **wilderness of Zin** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:13:21]]. -* **when the water flowed from the rock, in your anger** - This refers to an event when Yahweh made water miraculously flow out of a rock. God told Moses to speak to the rock. Instead, Moses hit the rock because he was angry with the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **you failed to honor me as holy** - AT: "you did not treat me as I should be treated because I am holy" -* **before the eyes of the whole community** - AT: "where everyone could see what you did" -* **waters of Meribah** - Translator may add a footnote that says "The name 'Meribah' means 'to quarrel.'" See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:20:12]]. +Here Yahweh speaks about the land that his is giving the Israel as if he has already given it to them. He speaks this way to emphasize that his committed to give it to them. AT: "that I will give to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you, too, must be gathered to your people + +This is a euphemism that means Moses will die and his spirit will go to the place where his ancestors are. AT: "you must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# like Aaron your brother + +You can make clear the understood information that Aaron died. AT: "like your older brother Aaron died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# you two rebelled + +This refers to Moses and Aaron. + +# wilderness of Zin + +See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 13:21](../13/21.md). + +# when the water flowed from the rock, in your anger + +This refers to an event when Yahweh made water miraculously flow out of a rock. God told Moses to speak to the rock. Instead, Moses hit the rock because he was angry with the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you failed to honor me as holy + +"you did not treat me as holy" + +# before the eyes of the whole community + +Here the people of the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. AT: "in front of the whole community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# waters of Meribah + +See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 20:13](../20/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/15.md b/num/27/15.md index a0851da5b5..264c44f8f4 100644 --- a/num/27/15.md +++ b/num/27/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the God of the spirits of all humanity -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] +Possible meaning are 1) here "spirits" refers to all people." AT: "the God over all of humanity" or 2) the reference to "spirits" refers to God having given life and breath to all people. AT: "the God who gives breath to all people" or "the God who give life to all humanity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# a man over the community -* **the God of the spirits of all humanity** - AT: "the God over all of humanity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **a man who may go out and come in before them and lead them out and bring them in** - This means a person who will lead all the people and also lead the army into battle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **so that your community is not like sheep that have no shepherd** - This means without a leader the people will wander and be helpless. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +To be "over" a group of people means to have authority to lead them. AT: "a man to lead the community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a man who may go out and come in before them and lead them out and bring them in + +This is an idiom that means a person who will lead all the people and also lead the army into battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so that your community is not like sheep that have no shepherd + +This is a simile that means without a leader the people will wander and be helpless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/18.md b/num/27/18.md index 2e4ff299a0..884e1ed9d6 100644 --- a/num/27/18.md +++ b/num/27/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Take Joshua son of Nun, a man in whom my Spirit lives -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] +Yahweh's Spirit is in Joshua, meaning that Joshua obeys Yahweh and follows his commands. -## translationNotes +# lay your hand on him -* **Take Joshua son of Nun, a man in whom my Spirit lives** - Yahweh's Spirit is in Joshua, meaning that Joshua obeys Yahweh and follows his commands. -* **lay your hand on him** - This is a sign of dedicating someone to God's service. -* **and command him before their eyes to lead them** - AT: "and in front of all of them command Joshua to lead the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is a sign of dedicating someone to God's service. AT: "lay your hand on him to appoint him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# command him before their eyes to lead them + +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "in front of all of them command Joshua to lead the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/20.md b/num/27/20.md index e0329d8dc9..f513624dc1 100644 --- a/num/27/20.md +++ b/num/27/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:authority|authority]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses about Joshua. -## translationNotes +# You must put some of your authority on him -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses about Joshua. -* **You must put some of your authority on him** - AT: "You should give him some of your authority" or "Let him decide what the people should do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Urim** - This was a sacred stone that the High Priest wore on his chest plate. He used it to determine God's will. -* **will go out and come in** - AT: "will know all they should do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **both he and all the people of Israel with him, the whole community ** - Both of these phrases mean the same thing, and they are used together for emphasis. AT: "both he and the entire nation of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here Yahweh speaks of Moses giving some of his authority to Joshua as if it were an article of clothing that he could put on him. AT: "You should give him some of your authority" or "Let him decide what the people should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Urim + +This was a sacred stone that the High Priest wore on his chest plate. He used it to determine God's will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# It will be at his command that the people will go out and come in + +This means that Joshua will have authority to command the movements of the community of Israel. "Going out" and "coming in" are two opposite commands used to emphasize that he will have full command over their movements. AT: "He will command the community's movements" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# both he and all the people of Israel with him, the whole community + +Both of these phrases mean the same thing, and they are used together for emphasis. AT: "both he and the entire nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/22.md b/num/27/22.md index a8ef838d25..d528d7a4dd 100644 --- a/num/27/22.md +++ b/num/27/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# placed him before -* [[en:tw:Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] +"told him to stand in front of" -## translationNotes +# He laid his hands on him and commanded him to lead -* **and placed him before** - AT: "and told him to stand in front of" -* **Eleazar** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:03:01]]. -* **He laid his hands on him and commanded him to lead** - “He” refers to Moses, and “him” refers to Joshua. -* **He laid his hands on him** - The laying on of hands was a way of consecrating someone for the the work God had for him to do. (See: symbolic action) AT: "Moses consecrated Joshua to work for God" -* **to lead** - AT: "to lead the congregation" or "to be the leader of the Israelites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **as Yahweh had commanded him to do** - Here "him" refers to Moses. +"He" refers to Moses, and "him" refers to Joshua. + +# He laid his hands on him + +The laying on of hands was a way of setting a person apart to do a special task for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# to lead + +You can make clear the understood information to lead the people. AT: "to lead the people" or "to be the leader of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# as Yahweh had commanded him to do + +Here "him" refers to Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/intro.md b/num/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..13e263c1cf --- /dev/null +++ b/num/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Daughters ##### +The daughters of Korah received no land because their father was punished by Yahweh. Yahweh still graciously gave them their father's portion of land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +##### The new leader is Joshua ##### + +God told Moses to appoint Joshua as the new leader. Joshua became Yahweh's anointed leader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/01.md b/num/28/01.md index 933f6133f9..f71d2ded0d 100644 --- a/num/28/01.md +++ b/num/28/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# at the appointed times -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"at the times that I haven chosen" -## translationNotes +# the food of my offerings made by fire to produce -* **at the appointed times** - AT: "at the times that I choose" -* **the food of my offerings made by fire** - AT: "food offerings that you will burn" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a sweet aroma for me** - AT: "a smell I enjoy" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the food offerings that you will burn on the altar produce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a sweet aroma for me + +"a smell I enjoy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/03.md b/num/28/03.md index acc9a5766d..38d54bf13e 100644 --- a/num/28/03.md +++ b/num/28/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:blemish|blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering|grain offering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the offering made by fire -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **the offering made by fire** - AT: “the burnt offering" -* **year...day** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **mixed with a fourth of a hin of beaten oil** - AT: "which you have mixed with a fourth of a hin of pure olive oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ephah** - An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **hin** - A hin is 3.7 liters. +This can be stated in active form. "the burnt offering" or "the offering you have burned by fire on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mixed with + +This can be stated in active form. "which you have mixed with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a tenth of an ephah + +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# one-fourth of a hin + +"One-fourth" means one part out of four equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "a liter" or "one-fourth of a hin (which is almost 1 liter)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# beaten oil + +"pressed oil" or "pure olive oil." This refers to oil that has been pressed out of olives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/06.md b/num/28/06.md index 48aec69790..33eba6afc1 100644 --- a/num/28/06.md +++ b/num/28/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# that was commanded at Mount Sinai -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering|drink offering]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace|holy place, most holy place]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:sinai|Sinai, Mount Sinai]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh commanded at Mount Sinai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# made by fire -* **that was commanded at Mount Sinai** - AT: "that Yahweh commanded at Mount Sinai" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **made by fire** - AT: “that you burned on the altar” -* **hin** - A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **like the one offered** - AT: "like the one you offered" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you burned on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one-fourth of a hin + +"One-fourth" means one part out of four equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "a liter" or "one-fourth of a hin (which is almost 1 liter)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# You must pour out in the holy place a drink offering of strong drink to Yahweh + +This sentence describes the drink offering that is to accompany the lamb. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "It must be a drink offering of strong drink and you must pour it out in the holy place to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like the one offered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "like the one you offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/09.md b/num/28/09.md index 012ab0b933..8fa8fae938 100644 --- a/num/28/09.md +++ b/num/28/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:blemish|blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath|Sabbath]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# two-tenths of an ephah -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **year** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) -* **two tenths** - AT: “2/10” (See: Biblical Numbers) -* **mixed with oil** - AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ephah** - An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters" or "two tenths of an ephah (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the drink offering with it + +Many offerings had a drink offering that was required to be offered with them. The full meaning of the can be made clear. AT: "the drink offering that accompanies it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/11.md b/num/28/11.md index e1b55e5a30..c71c57010a 100644 --- a/num/28/11.md +++ b/num/28/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# three-tenths of an ephah -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **month...year** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **ephah** - An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **mixed with oil** - AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **made by fire** - AT: “that you burned on the altar” +"Three-tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah" are missing and may be added. "Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters" or "two-tenths of an ephah (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a tenth of an ephah + +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you burned on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/14.md b/num/28/14.md index 62817f09aa..e4c5421803 100644 --- a/num/28/14.md +++ b/num/28/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# half a hin -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "two liters" or "half a hin (which is two liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## translationNotes +# a third of a hin -* **hin** - A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **One male goat as a sin offering to Yahweh must be offered** - AT: "You must offer one male goat to Yahweh as a sin offering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"One third of a hin." "A third" means one part out of three equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "1.2 liters" or "One and one-fifth liters" or "half a hin (which is 1.2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# one-fourth of a hin + +"One-fourth" means one part out of four equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "a liter" or "one-fourth of a hin (which is almost 1 liter)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# One male goat as a sin offering to Yahweh must be offered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must offer one male goat to Yahweh as a sin offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/16.md b/num/28/16.md index a57986de1c..ba552e65f4 100644 --- a/num/28/16.md +++ b/num/28/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:passover|Passover]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yeast]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month ... the fifteenth day of this month -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **fourteenth** - "14th" -* **month...day** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **comes Yahweh's Passover** - AT: "you must celebrate Yahweh's Passover" -* **fifteenth** - "15th" -* **a feast is to be held** - AT: "you must have a feast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **bread without yeast must be eaten** - AT: "you must eat bread without yeast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the 1st month, on the 14th day of the month ... the 15th day of this month." This refers to the first month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# comes Yahweh's Passover + +"you must celebrate Yahweh's Passover" + +# a feast is to be held + +This can be stated in active form. "you must have a feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bread without yeast must be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. "you must eat bread without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the first day + +"the 1st day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# there must be a holy assembly to honor Yahweh + +"you must gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/19.md b/num/28/19.md index 415d8126d1..567ef102ef 100644 --- a/num/28/19.md +++ b/num/28/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# you must offer a sacrifice made by fire, a burnt offering -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **you must offer a sacrifice made by fire, a burnt offering** - AT: “you must burn an offering on the altar” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **mixed with oil** - AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ephah** - An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must burn an offering on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three-tenths of an ephah + +"Three-tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah of fine flour" are missing and may be added. "Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters of fine flour" or "two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a tenth of an ephah + +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# to make atonement + +The word "atonement" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "to atone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/23.md b/num/28/23.md index cfa13ee5b4..72d196bbdc 100644 --- a/num/28/23.md +++ b/num/28/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# required each morning -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:passover|Passover]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Yahweh requires each morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# As described here -* **required each morning** - AT: "which Yahweh requires each morning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **As described here** - AT: "As I, Yahweh, have described here" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the food of the offering made** - AT: "the food offering you burned on the altar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It must be offered** - AT: "You must offer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and you must do no normal work on that day** - AT: "and you must not work on that day" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As I, Yahweh, have described here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the food of the offering made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must burn the food offering on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +"as a sweet aroma for Yahweh" + +# It must be offered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must offer it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh + +"gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/26.md b/num/28/26.md index efcba75101..80936299e9 100644 --- a/num/28/26.md +++ b/num/28/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit|first fruits]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:pentecost]] -* [[en:tw:pentecost|Pentecost, Festival of Weeks]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the day of the firstfruits -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **mixed with oil** - AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ephah** - An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"the day of the firstfruits, that is the day." This refers to the day during the Festival of Weeks when they offer the grain offering to Yahweh. + +# have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh + +"gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. + +# mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three-tenths of an ephah + +"Three tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# three-tenths of an ephah + +"Three tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah of fine flour" are missing and may be added. "Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters of fine flour" or "two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/29.md b/num/28/29.md index e6685f27f8..ac2875a185 100644 --- a/num/28/29.md +++ b/num/28/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:tenth]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# a tenth of an ephah -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **ephah** - An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour which you mix with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to make atonement + +The word "atonement" can be expressed with the verb "atone." AT: "to atone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# their drink offerings + +This refers to the drink offerings that are required to accompany each of the animals when they are sacrificed. AT: "the drink offerings that are offered with them" or "the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/intro.md b/num/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..769577e4ff --- /dev/null +++ b/num/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Offerings for special days ##### + +God commanded the Israelites to make special offerings for Sabbaths, new months, Passover and firstfruits. On each of these occasions, specific sacrifices were required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/firstfruit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/01.md b/num/29/01.md index 2ef8155bf0..94146fd97d 100644 --- a/num/29/01.md +++ b/num/29/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor, to honor]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the seventh month, on the first day of the month -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **month...day** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **It will be a day when you blow trumpets** - The trumpets were rams' horns with a small hole near the tip of the horn. The priests blew the trumpet to begin a worship service. (See: symbolic action) +"the 7th month, on the 1st day of the month." This refers to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh + +"gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. + +# It will be a day when you blow trumpets + +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel who here represent the priests. The priests blew the trumpet to begin a worship service or to gather the community together. AT: "It will be a day when the priests blow trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/02.md b/num/29/02.md index 81761cb54c..bc810681f8 100644 --- a/num/29/02.md +++ b/num/29/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:blemish|blemish]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/03.md b/num/29/03.md index ccd68aa227..cf000bc403 100644 --- a/num/29/03.md +++ b/num/29/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# their grain offering -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +This refers to the grain offerings that are required to accompany each of the animals when they are sacrificed. AT: "the grain offerings that are offered with them" or "the grain offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## translationNotes +# mixed with oil -* **mixed with oil** - AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ephah** - An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three-tenths of an ephah + +"Three-tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah" are missing and may be added. "Two tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters" or "two-tenths of an ephah (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# one-tenth + +"one-tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# to make atonement + +The word "atonement" can be expressed with the verb "atone." AT: "to atone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/06.md b/num/29/06.md index 5abc4eb01d..b4775ab0db 100644 --- a/num/29/06.md +++ b/num/29/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the seventh month ... the first of each month -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering|drink offering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering|grain offering]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] +"the 7th month ... the 1st day of each month" The word "month" refer to those in the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# of each month: the special burnt offering ... with it -* **Make these offerings in the seventh month in addition to** - The special offerings in the 7th month that Moses just described are made in addition to their normal sacrifices they made at the beginning of each month and the daily sacrifices. -* **month** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth]]) -* **the special burnt offering and the grain offering to go with it** - AT: "the burnt offering and the grain offering at the beginning of each month" -* **the regular burnt offering, its grain offering, and its drink offerings** - This refers to the offerings to be made every day. -* **you will obey what has been decreed** - AT: "you will obey Yahweh's decree" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **an offering made by fire to Yahweh** - AT: "an offering you burnt on the altar to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"of each month--the special burnt offering ... with it." This is the offering that is made on the first day of each month. + +# the regular burnt offering, its grain offering, and its drink offerings + +This refers to the offerings the priests were to give every day. The grain offering and drink offering were to be offered with the regular burnt offering. AT: "the regular burnt offering, with the grain offering and drink offerings that accompany it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# you will obey what has been decreed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will obey Yahweh's decree" or "you will obey what Yahweh had decreed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an offering made by fire to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "an offering you burnt on the altar to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/07.md b/num/29/07.md index 5bb2f42ef6..92d8a39433 100644 --- a/num/29/07.md +++ b/num/29/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the tenth day of the seventh month -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **a year old** - "each a year old" +"the 10th day of the 7th month" The word "month" refers to those in the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh + +"gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/09.md b/num/29/09.md index a697d5b74a..7058e0d928 100644 --- a/num/29/09.md +++ b/num/29/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# mixed with oil -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# three-tenths of an ephah -* **mixed with oil** - AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ephah** - A ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"Three-tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah" are missing and may be added. "Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters" or "two-tenths of an ephah (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a tenth of an ephah + +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# of atonement + +The word "atonement" can be expressed with the verb "atone." AT: "that atones for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/12.md b/num/29/12.md index 16e5ee8f6b..8f220e50dc 100644 --- a/num/29/12.md +++ b/num/29/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# the fifteenth day of the seventh month -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **day...month...year** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **thirteen...fourteen** - "13...14" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **a year old** - "each a year old" +"the 15th day of the 7th month." The word "month" refer to those in the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh + +"gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. + +# you must keep the festival for him + +This is an idiom. Here the word "keep" means to observe or celebrate. The word "him" refers to Yahweh. AT: "you must observe the festival for Yahweh" or "you must celebrate the festival for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a sacrifice made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. "you must burn it on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# thirteen young bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs + +"13 young bulls, 2 rams, and 14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/14.md b/num/29/14.md index ecf78a264f..b85e8ff927 100644 --- a/num/29/14.md +++ b/num/29/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# mixed with oil -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# three-tenths of an ephah -* **mixed with oil** - AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ephah** - An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) +"Three-enths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# thirteen bulls ... fourteen lambs + +"13 bulls ... 14 lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah" are missing and may be added. "Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters" or "two-tenths of an ephah (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a tenth of an ephah + +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# its grain offering, and the drink offering with it + +The grain offering and drink offering accompany the regular burnt offering. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/17.md b/num/29/17.md index 979dbd70af..bf75e3aa00 100644 --- a/num/29/17.md +++ b/num/29/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the second day of the assembly -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +"the 2nd day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# twelve young bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs -* **twelve...fourteen** - "12...14" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **a year old** - "each a year old" -* **as were commanded** - AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"12 young bulls, 2 rams, and 14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. Drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/20.md b/num/29/20.md index b1d8d9e570..70be152978 100644 --- a/num/29/20.md +++ b/num/29/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the third day of the assembly -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] +"the 3rd day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# eleven bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs -* **eleven...fourteen** - "11...14" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **a year old** - "each a year old" -* **as were commanded** - AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"11 bulls, 2 rams, and 14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/23.md b/num/29/23.md index 5f55673849..0cbe660a93 100644 --- a/num/29/23.md +++ b/num/29/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do during the festival in the seventh month. -## translationNotes +# the fourth day of the assembly -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do during the festival in the seventh month. -* **a year old** - "each a year old" -* **as were commanded** - AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the 4th day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# fourteen male lambs + +"14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/26.md b/num/29/26.md index 8a767fd32a..db6fdca39a 100644 --- a/num/29/26.md +++ b/num/29/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the fifth day of the assembly -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering|drink offering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering|grain offering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +"the 5th day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# fourteen male lambs -* **a year old** - "each a year old" -* **as were commanded** - AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/29.md b/num/29/29.md index 8f06e9d301..fc7dd48428 100644 --- a/num/29/29.md +++ b/num/29/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the sixth day of the assembly -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +"the 6th day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# fourteen male lambs -* **a year old** - "each a year old" -* **as were commanded** - AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/32.md b/num/29/32.md index 8a767fd32a..2f0280f808 100644 --- a/num/29/32.md +++ b/num/29/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the seventh day of the assembly -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering|drink offering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering|grain offering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +"the 7th day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# fourteen male lambs -* **a year old** - "each a year old" -* **as were commanded** - AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/35.md b/num/29/35.md index a75086b23e..52bc3697a5 100644 --- a/num/29/35.md +++ b/num/29/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh tells Moses what the people must do after the seven-day festival in the seventh month. -## translationNotes +# eighth day -* day festival in the seventh month. -* **a year old** - "each a year old" +This "eighth" is the ordinal number for eight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# have another solemn assembly + +"gather together again to worship Yahweh." This is another assembly similar to the one on the first day of the festival. + +# an offering made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must burn it on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/37.md b/num/29/37.md index 587d1c5523..e6ffbd01d4 100644 --- a/num/29/37.md +++ b/num/29/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# their grain offering and their drink offerings -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering|drink offering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering]] -* [[en:tw:grainoffering|grain offering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering|sin offering]] +These offerings were to be offered with the bull, the ram, and the lambs. AT: "the grain offerings and the drink offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## translationNotes +# as were commanded -* **as were commanded** - AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/39.md b/num/29/39.md index 1c799a6ea9..2862ce024c 100644 --- a/num/29/39.md +++ b/num/29/39.md @@ -1,21 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# These are what you must offer -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering]] -* [[en:tw:fellowshipoffering|fellowship offering, peace offering]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:festival|festival]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"These offerings are what you must offer" -## translationNotes +# fixed festivals -* **fixed festivals** - AT: "planned festivals" or "festivals that Yahweh has appointed" +"planned festivals." These are festivals that occurred at regularly scheduled times. The word "fixed" means "set" or "predetermined." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/intro.md b/num/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9d9e6e4e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Numbers 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter continues the material from the previous chapter about offerings on specific days. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/01.md b/num/30/01.md index 422b551c0b..f2d6f80b9c 100644 --- a/num/30/01.md +++ b/num/30/01.md @@ -1,30 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When anyone makes a vow to Yahweh, or swears an oath -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +These two sentences have similar meanings and are combined to emphasize making a vow or promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# to bind himself with a promise -* **When anyone makes a vow to Yahweh, or swears an oath to bind himself with a promise** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens thought in the first. AT: "When anyone promises Yahweh he will do something" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **to bind himself with a promise** - "promises to do something" -* **he must not break his word. He must keep his promise** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens thought in the first. AT: "he must do what he promised to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **he must not break his word** - AT: "he must do what he promised to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that comes out of his mouth** - AT: "that he says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here Moses speaks of a person promising to do something as if his promise were a physical object that he ties to himself. AT: "committing to fulfill a promise" or "promising to do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he must not break his word. He must keep his promise to do everything that comes out of his mouth + +These two sentences have similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that he must fulfill his promises. Here "word" is a metonym that refers to what he said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he must not break his word + +The phrase "his word" refers to a man's oaths and vows. Here Moses speaks of not fulfilling these as if they were physical objects that the man could break. AT: "he must fulfill his promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# everything that comes out of his mouth + +Here the word "mouth" is a metonym for the things that the man says. AT: "to do everything that he says he will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/03.md b/num/30/03.md index f4db73815c..67a10bc050 100644 --- a/num/30/03.md +++ b/num/30/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# binds herself with a promise -* [[en:tw:life]] +Here Moses speaks of a woman promising to do something as if her promise were a physical object that she ties to herself. AT: "commits herself to fulfilling a promise" or "promises to do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the vow and the promise -* **has bound herself** - "has committed herself" -* **if he says nothing to reverse her** - AT: "if he does not cancel her vow" -* **then all her vows will remain in force. Every promise by which she has bound herself will remain in force** - AT: "then she must keep every vow and promise she made" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases have very similar meanings. They emphasize what she has promised to do. AT: "the vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# by which she has bound herself + +Here Moses speaks of how a woman has committed herself to fulfilling a promise as if her promise were a physical object that she had bound to her body. AT: "which she has committed herself to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to reverse her + +"to cancel what she has said" + +# then all her vows will remain in force. Every promise ... will remain in force + +These two statements say basically the same thing and emphasize that she must keep all of her vows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# will remain in force + +This is an idiom. It means that her vows will remain in effect and that she will be required to fulfill them. AT: "she will be obligated to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/05.md b/num/30/05.md index fc5a98faa6..9232819961 100644 --- a/num/30/05.md +++ b/num/30/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# her vow and her promise +These two phrases have very similar meanings. They emphasize what she has promised to do. AT: "her vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# she took on herself +Here the woman committing herself to fulfilling her vows is spoken of as if her vows were a garment that she placed on herself. AT: "that she committed herself to" or "that she made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will remain in force + +This is an idiom. It means that her vows will remain in effect and she will be required to fulfill them. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 30:4](./03.md). AT: "she will be obligated to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/06.md b/num/30/06.md index 20e11c0052..5eb8bc72d8 100644 --- a/num/30/06.md +++ b/num/30/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# her solemn promises with which she has bound herself -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] +Here Moses speaks of how a woman has committed herself to fulfilling a promise as if her promise were a physical object that she had bound to her body. AT: "her solemn promises which she has committed herself to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# if he overrules her -* **If she marries a man while she is under those vows** - AT: "If she gets married after she makes her vows" -* **she makes rash utterances with which she obligates herself** - AT: "she promises something without thinking carefully about it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the father overruling the woman's promise is spoken of as if he were overruling "her." AT: "if her overrules her promise" or "if he cancels her promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not remain in force + +This is an idiom. It means that her vows will not remain in effect and she will be not required to fulfill them. AT: "she will not be obligated to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh will forgive her + +This refers to Yahweh forgiving her for not fulfilling her vows. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh will forgive her for not fulfilling her vows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# while she is under those vows + +This is an idiom. Being "under" her vows means that she is committed to them and that they are still in effect. AT: "while she is still committed to those vows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# rash + +something done without thinking + +# those obligations + +The word "obligations" can be expressed with the verb "obligate." AT: "the things she has obligated herself to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/08.md b/num/30/08.md index 90180be2b0..9dbf753d8c 100644 --- a/num/30/08.md +++ b/num/30/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the vow that she has made ... the rash talk of her lips -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"the vow that she has made ... that is, the rash talk of her lips." These two phrases refer to the same thing. The second phrase describes the vow that the woman made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the rash talk of her lips -* **the rash talk of her lips with which she has bound herself** - AT: "the promise she made without thinking carefully about it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The phrase "the rash talk" refers to the rash promise that she made. Here "her lips" means the woman herself. She is referred to as "her lips" because lips are related to what she says. AT: "the rash things she has said" or "her rash promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with which she has bound herself + +Here Moses speaks of how a woman has committed herself to fulfilling a promise as if her promise were a physical object that she had bound to her body. AT: "which she has committed herself to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh will release her + +Here Moses speaks about Yahweh forgiving the woman for not fulfilling her vow as if he were releasing her from something that bound her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh will forgive her" or "Yahweh will forgive her for not fulfilling her vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/09.md b/num/30/09.md index 846b6b395c..dfcb923045 100644 --- a/num/30/09.md +++ b/num/30/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:divorce]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear, swear by]] +Moses continues telling the leaders of the tribes what Yahweh has commanded. -## translationNotes +# a divorced woman -* Moses continues telling the leaders of the tribes what Yahweh has commanded. -* **widow ** - This refers to a woman whose husband has died. -* **And if a woman in her husband’s family makes a vow** - AT: "And if a married woman makes a vow" -* **then all her vows must remain in force. Every promise with which she has bound herself remains in force** - AT: "then she must keep every vow and promise she made" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a woman who has been divorced by a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by which she has bound herself + +Here Moses speaks of how a woman has committed herself to fulfilling a promise as if her promise were a physical object that she had bound to her body. AT: "which she has committed herself to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will remain in force against her + +This is an idiom. It means that her vows will remain in effect and she will be required to fulfill them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 30:4](./03.md). AT: "she will be obligated to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# If a woman made a vow in her husband's house + +This refers to a married woman. You can make the meaning of this statement clear. AT: "If a married woman makes a vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# then all her vows must stand ... remain in force + +This is an idiom. The phrase "remain in force" means that her vows will remain in effect and she will be required to fulfill them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 30:4](./03.md). AT: "then she must fulfill all her vows ... she must fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all her vows must stand ... the obligations she made must remain in force + +These two statements say basically the same thing twice for emphasis and can be combined. AT: "then all of her vows and promises with which she has made must remain in force" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/12.md b/num/30/12.md index 1f9caa2264..0abe833679 100644 --- a/num/30/12.md +++ b/num/30/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# then whatever came out of her lips +Here what the woman said is referred to as something that came out of her lips. AT: "then whatever she said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# will not remain in force -* **then whatever came out of her lips about her vows or promises will not remain in force** - AT: "then she no longer must keep any promise or vow she made" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is an idiom. It means that her vows will not remain in effect and she will be not required to fulfill them. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 30:6](./06.md). AT: "she will not be obligated to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh will release her + +Here Moses speaks about Yahweh forgiving the woman for not fulfilling her vow as if he were releasing her from something that bound her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh will forgive her" or "Yahweh will forgive her for not fulfilling her vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/13.md b/num/30/13.md index e5e16d062f..c1df0727fd 100644 --- a/num/30/13.md +++ b/num/30/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Every vow or oath ... may be confirmed or canceled by her husband -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A woman's husband may confirm or cancel any vow or oath she has taken that binds her to deny herself something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# that binds her -* **Every vow or oath a woman takes that binds her to deny herself something may be confirmed or cancelled by her husband** - AT: "A woman's husband may confirm or cancel any of the vows or oaths that she made" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here Moses speaks of a woman's promise that she is committed to as if it were something physically binding her body. AT: "that she is committed to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# binding promises + +Moses describes a woman's promises as if they were something that she is physically bound by. AT: "obligations" or "promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because he has said nothing to her + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "because he has said nothing to her about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/15.md b/num/30/15.md index 6bdba12874..38928cff83 100644 --- a/num/30/15.md +++ b/num/30/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# then he will be responsible for her sin -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This means that he will be guilty of her sin instead of her if she does not fulfill her vow. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "if she does not fulfill her vow, she will not be guilty of her sin, and he will be guilty instead of her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/intro.md b/num/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..efef51e908 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 30 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Vows ##### + +Because a vow is a type of promise, men must do what they have vowed to do. A father or a husband has one day in which to cancel a woman's vow. Otherwise, she must do what she vowed she would do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/01.md b/num/31/01.md index 5690491585..76621268e6 100644 --- a/num/31/01.md +++ b/num/31/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Take vengeance on the Midianites for what they did to the Israelites -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:midian|Midian, Midianites]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Yahweh was punishing the Midianites for convincing the Israelites to worship idols. -## translationNotes +# you will die and be gathered to your people -* **Avenge the people of Israel against the Midianites** - Yahweh held the Midianites responsible for convincing the Israelites to worship idols. -* **be gathered to your people** - This means Moses' spirit will go to same place as his relatives who died before him. AT: "join your relatives who have also died" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. This is a polite way to emphasize that it is time for Moses to die and for his spirit to go to the place where his ancestors are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/03.md b/num/31/03.md index b3041b8cd8..6067972bec 100644 --- a/num/31/03.md +++ b/num/31/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Arm some of your men for war -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +"Give weapons to some of your men" -## translationNotes +# go against Midian and carry out Yahweh's vengeance on it -* **Arm some of your men for war** - AT: "Give weapons to some of your men" -* **go against Midian and carry out Yahweh’s vengeance on it** - AT: "go fight a war against the Midianites and punish them for what they did to Yahweh" -* **a thousand...twelve thousand** - "1,000...12,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Israel’s thousands and thousands of men** - AT: "Israel's many men" -* **one thousand were provided from every tribe for war** - AT: "every tribe sent 1,000 men to war" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"go fight a war against the Midianites and punish them for what they did to us" + +# a thousand ... twelve thousand + +"1,000 ... 12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Israel's thousands and thousands of men + +"Israel's many men" + +# one thousand were provided from every tribe for war + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "every tribe sent 1,000 men to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# twelve thousand men in all + +All 12 tribes sent men, including the tribe of Levi. They all sent 1,000 men into battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/06.md b/num/31/06.md index 97aaa94df0..9d1c8151d3 100644 --- a/num/31/06.md +++ b/num/31/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba -* [[en:tw:Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:Eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:Phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +These are names of kings of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Balaam son of Beor -* **Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba** - These are names of kings of Midian. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Beor was Balaam's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:5](../22/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/09.md b/num/31/09.md index 1b2edef4ae..66d16174dc 100644 --- a/num/31/09.md +++ b/num/31/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They took these as plunder -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Midian]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] +"They took the Midianites' possessions as their own" -## translationNotes +# They burned all their cities where they lived and all their camps -* **They took these as plunder** - AT: "They took the Midianites' possessions as their own" +"Israel's army burned all the Midianites' cities where the Midianites lived and all the Midianites' camps" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/11.md b/num/31/11.md index 1bd8073086..452412778d 100644 --- a/num/31/11.md +++ b/num/31/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They took -* [[en:tw:Eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] +"The army of Israel took" -## translationNotes +# plunder -* **They took** - "The army of Israel took" -* **plains** - a large area of flat land +This refers to the material goods they recovered from killing the Midianite men. + +# plains + +a large area of flat land \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/13.md b/num/31/13.md index e6666e8f5c..c3d9de73d5 100644 --- a/num/31/13.md +++ b/num/31/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:commander|commander]] +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the captains of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the captains of smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Have you let all the women live? -* **the commanders of thousands ** - AT: "the men who commanded 1,000 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the captains of hundreds ** - AT: "the men who commanded 100 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Have you let all the women live?** - Moses uses a question to scold the commanders of the army. AT: "You should not have let all these women live." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The law was explicit on who would be permitted to live. The army violated the law by allowing all the women and children to live. This was a rebuke to the army leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/16.md b/num/31/16.md index df86bc483b..26bca0b4f8 100644 --- a/num/31/16.md +++ b/num/31/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Look -* [[en:tw:Balaam]] -* [[en:tw:peor]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This word is used here to draw the audience's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# slept with a man -* **who has ever slept with a man** - AT: "who has ever had sex with a man." Be sure to translate this in a way that it could be read aloud in church without embarrassment. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +had sexual relations with a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/18.md b/num/31/18.md index 842788b995..9de6233fc6 100644 --- a/num/31/18.md +++ b/num/31/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Moses speaks to the commanders of the Israelite army about becoming clean before God. -## translationNotes +# who have never slept with a man -* Moses continues speaking to the commanders of the Israelite army. -* **All of you** - Moses is referring to anyone who fought in battle, not just the commanders. -* **everything made of animal hide and goats’ hair, and everything made of wood** - AT: "everything that someone has made of animal hide, goats' hair, or wood" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to girls who were virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# All of you + +Moses is referring to anyone who fought in battle, not just the commanders. + +# you must purify yourselves + +They must become spiritually clean again before entering the camp. + +# everything made of animal hide and goats' hair, and everything made of wood + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that someone has made of animal hide, goats' hair, or wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/21.md b/num/31/21.md index 971461be0e..8a6eb7adb6 100644 --- a/num/31/21.md +++ b/num/31/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Eleazar teaches the soldiers the customs of becoming ceremonially clean before Yahweh after going to war. -## translationNotes +# gold, silver, bronze, iron, tin, and lead -* **that resists fire** - AT: "that will not burn" -* **put it through the fire** - AT: "put it into the fire" -* **water of cleansing** - This refers to water that someone has mixed with ashes from a sin offering. See: [[en:bible:notes:num:19:17]]. +metals that were used during that time period + +# that resists fire + +"that will not burn" + +# put it through the fire + +"put it into the fire" + +# water of cleansing + +This refers to water that someone has mixed with ashes from a sin offering. See: [Numbers 19:17-19](../19/17.md). + +# then you will become clean + +These are the customs of becoming ceremonially clean before Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/25.md b/num/31/25.md index 0054abb08a..0bc1623c6c 100644 --- a/num/31/25.md +++ b/num/31/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Count all the plundered things that were taken -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Count all of the possessions that the soldiers took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# plunder -* **Count all the plundered things that were taken** - AT: "Count all of the possessions that the soldiers took" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the leaders of the community’s ancestor’s clans** - AT: "the leaders of each clan" +This refers to all the items taken from the people Israel killed or captured in battle. + +# the leaders of the community's ancestor's clans + +"the leaders of each clan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/28.md b/num/31/28.md index 4300cfad75..d9c9a439db 100644 --- a/num/31/28.md +++ b/num/31/28.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:tax]] -* [[en:tw:tax|tax, taxes]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **Then levy a tax to be given to me from the soldiers who went out to battle** - AT: "Collect a tax from the soldiers' plunder and give it to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **every five hundred** - "every 500" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **from their half** - "from the soldiers' half" -* **to be presented to me** - AT: "which he will present to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"me" refers to Yahweh. + +# Then levy a tax to be given to me from the soldiers who went out to battle + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Collect a tax from the soldiers' plunder and give it to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every five hundred + +"every 500" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# from their half + +"from the soldiers' half" + +# to be presented to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which he will present to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/30.md b/num/31/30.md index f45391c2f5..756243b110 100644 --- a/num/31/30.md +++ b/num/31/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# Also from the people of Israel's half -* Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -* **Also from the people of Israel’s half** - "Also from the people's half of the plunder" -* **every fifty** - "every 50" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"Also from the people of Israel's half of the plunder" + +# every fifty + +"every 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who take care + +those who oversee and maintain the tabernacle and sacrifices to Yahweh \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/32.md b/num/31/32.md index 5d1e9f122a..0b69f48e5d 100644 --- a/num/31/32.md +++ b/num/31/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Moses begins listing the amount of plunder and how much went to the soldiers, to the people, and to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# 675,000 sheep -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Moses begins listing the amount of plunder and how much went to the solders, to the people, and to Yahweh. -* **675,000 sheep, 72,000 oxen, 61,000 donkeys, and 32,000 women** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"six hundred and seventy-five thousand sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy-two thousand oxen, sixty-one thousand donkeys, and thirty-two thousand women + +"72,000 oxen, 61,000 donkeys, and 32,000 women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# women who had never slept with any man + +This refers to women who are virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/36.md b/num/31/36.md index 6b28b01866..9825aaced0 100644 --- a/num/31/36.md +++ b/num/31/36.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:tax]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the soldiers and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# The half that was kept for the soldiers -* Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the soldiers and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **The half that was kept for the soldiers** - AT: "The soldiers' part of the sheep" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers' part of the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 337,000 sheep + +"three hundred and thirty-seven thousand sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# was 675 + +"was six hundred and seventy-five" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# thirty-six thousand + +36,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy-two + +72 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/39.md b/num/31/39.md index 471acf5433..125ecc3929 100644 --- a/num/31/39.md +++ b/num/31/39.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the soldiers and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# were 30,500 -* Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the soldiers and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **to be an offering presented to Yahweh** - AT: "to be an offering to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"were thirty thousand five hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sixty-one + +61 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sixteen thousand + +16,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# thirty-two + +32 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to be an offering presented to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to be an offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/42.md b/num/31/42.md index 8c8479a34b..2108432923 100644 --- a/num/31/42.md +++ b/num/31/42.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# 337,500 sheep -* Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"three hundred and thirty-seven thousand five hundred sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# thirty-six thousand oxen + +36,000 oxen (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sixteen thousand women + +"16,000 women". It has been stated earlier that all the males and the married women captives were put to death (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/47.md b/num/31/47.md index e27c6bb22d..5add2aabbe 100644 --- a/num/31/47.md +++ b/num/31/47.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] +Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +The tax on the people's portion was higher than the tax on the soldiers' portion. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/48.md b/num/31/48.md index d3dff8bea1..00f6ca1c3c 100644 --- a/num/31/48.md +++ b/num/31/48.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the commanders over thousands and the captains over hundreds -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. AT: "the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the captains over 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders over large military divisions and the captains over smaller military divisions" See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Your servants have counted -* **the commanders over thousands** - AT: "the men who commanded 1,000 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **the commanders over hundreds** - AT: "the men who commanded 100 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Your servants have counted** - The commanders refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. +The commanders refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. + +# not one man is missing + +This can be stated in a positive statement. "we know for certain that every man is here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/50.md b/num/31/50.md index d283f36974..09f6d8672b 100644 --- a/num/31/50.md +++ b/num/31/50.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +The officers of the army continue speaking to Moses. -## translationNotes +# armlets and bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and necklaces -* The officers of the army continue speaking to Moses. -* **armlets and bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and necklaces** - These are all types of jewelry that people wore. -* **the gold and all the articles of craftmanship** - AT: "all the articles of gold" or "all the golden jewelry" -* **to make atonement for ourselves before Yahweh** - AT: "to thank God for saving our lives" +These are all types of jewelry that people wore. + +# to make atonement for ourselves before Yahweh + +"to thank God for saving our lives" + +# the gold and all the articles of craftsmanship + +"all the articles of gold" or "all the golden jewelry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/52.md b/num/31/52.md index ee207e6a1b..d4801a1d97 100644 --- a/num/31/52.md +++ b/num/31/52.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# All the gold of the offering that they gave to Yahweh—the offerings from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds—weighed -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting|tent of meeting]] +"All the gold of the offering that the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds gave to Yahweh weighed" -## translationNotes +# from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds -* **All the gold of the offering that they gave to Yahweh—the offerings from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds—weighed** - AT: "All the gold which the commanders of the army gave to Yahweh weighed" -* **16,750 ** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **shekel** - A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **as a reminder of the people of Israel for Yahweh** - The gold will remind the people that Yahweh gave them victory. It will also remind Yahweh that the people fulfilled his revenge on the Midianites. +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. AT: "from the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and from the captains of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "from the commanders of large military divisions and from the captains of smaller military divisions" See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 16,750 + +"sixteen thousand, seven hundred and fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# shekels + +A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# as a reminder of the people of Israel for Yahweh + +The gold will remind the people that Yahweh gave them victory. It will also remind Yahweh that the people fulfilled his revenge on the Midianites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/intro.md b/num/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2cec412c57 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 31 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Midianites ##### + +Israel killed the Midianites, including Balaam, for tempting them to worship Baal. This battle was at Yahweh's command. Yahweh would bring justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/01.md b/num/32/01.md index 4fc4bf98d3..827f3d7139 100644 --- a/num/32/01.md +++ b/num/32/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Moses tells background information about the tribes of Reuben and Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Moses tells background information about the tribes of Reuben and Gad. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background]]) -* **Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon** - These are names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/04.md b/num/32/04.md index a1d934aef9..4716e7f722 100644 --- a/num/32/04.md +++ b/num/32/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The people from Reuben and Gad continue speaking to Moses, Eleazar, and the other leaders. -## translationNotes +# the lands that Yahweh attacked before the community of Israel -* The people from Reuben and Gad continue speaking to Moses, Eleazar, and the other leaders. -* **the lands that Yahweh attacked before the community of Israel** - AT: "the lands where Yahweh enabled us to defeat the people living there" -* **We, your servants** - This is a polite way to show respect to a person of higher authority. -* **If we have found favor in your sight** - This is a way to make a very polite request. AT: "Please" -* **let this land be given to us** - AT: "give this land to us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Do not make us cross over the Jordan** - AT: "Do not give us land across (east of) the Jordan River" +Yahweh enabling the Israelites to conquer the people who lived in the land is spoken of as if Yahweh went before the Israelites and attacked the people. AT: "the lands where Yahweh enabled us to defeat the people living there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We, your servants + +The people of the tribes of Reuben and Gad refer to themselves in this way to show respect to a person of higher authority. + +# If we have found favor in your eyes + +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that the leaders are pleased with them. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "If we have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let this land be given to us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "give this land to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do not make us cross over the Jordan + +They wanted the land on the east side of the Jordan River instead of crossing over to the west side and claiming land there. AT: "Do not make us cross over the Jordan to take possession of land on that side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/06.md b/num/32/06.md index e1247c3455..126ce2d512 100644 --- a/num/32/06.md +++ b/num/32/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Should your brothers go to war while you settle down here? -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] +Moses asks this question to rebuke the people from the tribes of Gad and Reuben. AT: "It is wrong for you to settle down in this land while your brothers go to war." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why discourage the hearts ... the land that Yahweh has given them? -* **Should your brothers...Yahweh has given them?** - Moses uses questions to emphasize that the people from Gad and Reuben need to help the other tribes take the land that Yahweh has promised them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **discourage the hearts of the people of Israel from going** - AT: "cause the people of Israel to lose confidence about going" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Moses asks this question to correct the people from the tribes of Gad and Reuben. AT: "Do not discourage the hearts ... the land that Yahweh has given them." or "Your actions would discourage the hearts ... the land that Yahweh has given them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# discourage the hearts of the people of Israel from going + +Here the word "hearts" represents the people themselves and refers to the seat of their emotions. AT: "discourage the people of Israel from going" or "cause the people of Israel to not want to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/08.md b/num/32/08.md index e7eb0bbff0..f0f247e77c 100644 --- a/num/32/08.md +++ b/num/32/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh|Kadesh]] +Moses continues speaking to the people of Reuben and Gad. -## translationNotes +# Valley of Eshkol -* Moses continues speaking to the people of Reuben and Gad. -* **Valley of Eshcol** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:13:23]]. -* **They saw the land** - "They saw the strong people and cities in the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **then discouraged the hearts of the people of Israel** - AT: "then caused the people to lose confidence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:23](../13/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They saw the land + +This refers to seeing what was in the land. AT: "They saw the strong people and cities in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# discouraged the hearts of the people of Israel + +Here the word "hearts" represents the people themselves and refers to the seat of their emotions. See how you translated this in [Numbers 32:7](./06.md). AT: "discouraged the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/10.md b/num/32/10.md index b1dbda132f..843e43c613 100644 --- a/num/32/10.md +++ b/num/32/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's anger was kindled +Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that begins to burn. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# none of the men -* **Yahweh's anger was kindled on that day** - This compares Yahweh's anger to someone starting a fire. AT: "Yahweh became angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **none of the men** - AT: "no man or woman" -* **twenty years old and up** - "20 years old or older" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **completely followed me** - AT: "completely obeyed me" or "believed that I could cause them to conquer the land" -* **Jephunneh...Nun** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Kenizzite** - This is the name of a people group. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +"none of the people." This phrase refers to both men and women. + +# twenty years old and up + +"20 years old or older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# completely followed me + +Being devoted to Yahweh and obeying him are spoken of as if they were following Yahweh. AT: "completely obeyed me" or "been completely devoted to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jephunneh ... Nun + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kenizzite + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/13.md b/num/32/13.md index 81c4d10357..90dfb958e0 100644 --- a/num/32/13.md +++ b/num/32/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's anger was kindled against Israel -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that begins to burn. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh became very angry with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# forty years -* **So Yahweh’s anger was kindled against Israel** - AT: "So Yahweh was angry with the Israelites" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **forty years** - "40 years" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear]]) -* **who had done evil in his sight** - AT: "who had done evil before Yahweh" -* **was destroyed** - AT: "had died" -* **you have risen up in your fathers’ place** - Moses is speaking to the people of Reuben and Gad. AT: "you have taken your ancestors' place" -* **to add to Yahweh’s burning anger** - AT: "to increase Yahweh's terrible anger" -* **all this people** - AT: "this entire people" or "all this generation of people" +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# all the generation ... sight was destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he destroyed all the generation ... sight" or "all the generation ... sight had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who had done evil in his sight + +Being in someone's sight means to be in front of that person where he can see. AT: "who had done evil before Yahweh" or "who had done evil in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you have risen up in your fathers' place + +The people of Reuben and Gad acting like their ancestors did is spoken of as if they were standing in the place where their ancestors did. AT: "you have begun to act just like your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to add to Yahweh's burning anger toward Israel + +The people causing Yahweh to become angrier is spoken of as if his anger was a fire and the people are adding more fuel to that fire. AT: "to cause Yahweh to be even more angry with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all this people + +"this entire people" or "all this generation of people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/16.md b/num/32/16.md index 83c61e7e86..14ebb3bf17 100644 --- a/num/32/16.md +++ b/num/32/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# will be ready and armed -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +"will be ready with weapons" or "will be ready to fight a war" -## translationNotes +# in the fortified cities -* **will be ready and armed** - "will be ready with weapons" or "will be ready to fight a war" -* **in the fortified cities** - "in the secured cities" +"in the secured cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/18.md b/num/32/18.md index 7a554f0aa2..3cd201b82c 100644 --- a/num/32/18.md +++ b/num/32/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:inherit]] +The leaders of Gad and Reuben continue speaking. -## translationNotes +# has obtained his inheritance -* The leaders of Gad and Reuben continue speaking. -* **has obtained his inheritance** - AT: "has received the land he is to inherit" +The land that the people were to receive as a permanent possession is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they were to obtain. AT: "has taken possession of his portion of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/20.md b/num/32/20.md index 40874d07ac..c66567354c 100644 --- a/num/32/20.md +++ b/num/32/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# if you arm yourselves -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"if you take your weapons" -## translationNotes +# before Yahweh -* **if you arm yourselves** - AT: "if you take your weapons" -* **before Yahweh** - This means Yahweh will go with them to battle and enable them to defeat their enemy and take their land. AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" -* **until he has driven out his enemies from before him** - AT: "until Yahweh has enabled your soldiers to defeat the enemy and drive them from his presence" -* **and the land is subdued before him** - AT: "and the Israelites have taken the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you may return** - AT: "you may return to your land on the east side of the Jordan River" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **You will be guiltless towards Yahweh and towards Israel** - "Yahweh and the people of Israel will consider this fair" +This means Yahweh will go with them to battle and enable them to defeat their enemy and take their land. AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# until he has driven out his enemies from before him + +"until Yahweh has driven out his enemies from his presence." The pronouns here all refer to Yahweh. Yahweh enabling the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were fighting their battles. AT: "until Yahweh has enabled your soldiers to defeat the enemy and force them away from his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land is subdued before him + +Here the word "land" refers to the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. AT: "in his presence the Israelites have subdued the people who live in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you may return + +It is implied that they will return to the east side of the Jordan. AT: "you may return to this land on the east side of the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You will be guiltless toward Yahweh and toward Israel + +Possible meanings are 1) "You will have fulfilled your obligation to Yahweh and to Israel" or 2) "There will be nothing for which Yahweh or the people of Israel can blame you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/23.md b/num/32/23.md index 2629f57726..b5b7ecd728 100644 --- a/num/32/23.md +++ b/num/32/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Be sure that your sin will find you out -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] +Moses speaks of sin as if it were a person who will condemn the guilty person. This means that the people cannot escape the punishment that their sin deserves. AT: "Know for sure that Yahweh will punish you for your sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Your servants -* **Be sure that your sin will find you out** - This means Yahweh will hold them responsible for their sin and he will punish them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Your servants** - The people of Gad and Reuben refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. +The people of Gad and Reuben refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/26.md b/num/32/26.md index 028e88d781..ba052dbd3c 100644 --- a/num/32/26.md +++ b/num/32/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# will cross over -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +You can make it clear that they will cross over the Jordan. AT: "will cross over the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# every man who is armed for war -* **will cross over** - AT: "will cross over the Jordan River" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **every man who is armed for war** - "every man prepared for war" +"every man prepared for war" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/28.md b/num/32/28.md index 65eacd47b9..5e44bb20c0 100644 --- a/num/32/28.md +++ b/num/32/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# every man who is armed -* [[en:tw:eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +"every man who is ready with his weapon" -## translationNotes +# if the land is subdued before you -* **every man who is armed** - AT: "every man who is ready with his weapon" -* **if the land is subdued before you** - AT: "if they help you defeat the people living in the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **then they will acquire their possessions among you in the land of Canaan** - AT: "then the descendants of Gad and Reuben will receive land with you in Canaan and not be allowed to stay east of the Jordan River" +Here the word "land" refers to the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. AT: "if Yahweh subdues before you the people living in the land" or "if they help you subdue the people living in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# then they will acquire their possessions among you in the land of Canaan + +"then the descendants of Gad and Reuben will receive land with you in Canaan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/31.md b/num/32/31.md index 2fb3ae38b9..710c4c5bc1 100644 --- a/num/32/31.md +++ b/num/32/31.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# We will cross over armed -* [[en:tw:Canaan]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +You can make it clear that they will cross the Jordan. AT: "We will cross over the Jordan ready to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# our possessed inheritance -* **cross over armed** - AT: "cross over the Jordan River ready to fight" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **our possessed inheritance** - AT: "the land we will inherit" +The land that the people were to receive as a permanent possession is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they were to obtain. AT: "the portion of land that we will possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will remain with us + +This idiom refers to ownership. AT: "will be ours" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/33.md b/num/32/33.md index 41b4b0b33a..b499118d20 100644 --- a/num/32/33.md +++ b/num/32/33.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the kingdom of Sihon ... and of Og -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Sihon...Og** - These are names of kings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of kings who ruled two separate kingdoms. AT: "the kingdom of Sihon ... and the kingdom of Og" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/34.md b/num/32/34.md index ea1af53b60..aab8cb40d8 100644 --- a/num/32/34.md +++ b/num/32/34.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer, Atroth Shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah, Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer, Atroth Shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah, Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran** - These are names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/37.md b/num/32/37.md index 04119fdc26..6198c59580 100644 --- a/num/32/37.md +++ b/num/32/37.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim, Nebo, Baal Meon ... Sibmah -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# their names were later changed -* **Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim,Nebo, Baal Meon...and Sibmah** - These are names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Machir** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:num:26:28]]. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people later changed the names of these cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Machir + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Numbers 26:29](../26/28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/40.md b/num/32/40.md index c7807ea3a0..59ca7c6e4f 100644 --- a/num/32/40.md +++ b/num/32/40.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Jair ... Nobah -* [[en:tw:Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Havvoth Jair ... Kenath -* **Jair...Nobah** - These are names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Havvoth Jair...Kenath** - These are names of cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/intro.md b/num/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c46153b565 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Reuben and Gad's inheritance ##### + +Reuben and Gad were given the land conquered east of the Jordan River. This land had good pastures, and suited these tribes because they had many sheep, goats and cattle. They had not yet entered into the Promised Land, and it would have been sinful to not fight with the rest of Israel. So they promised to enter the land to fight with the other tribes, and then return to their own land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/01.md b/num/33/01.md index 93713ea135..abc1a69816 100644 --- a/num/33/01.md +++ b/num/33/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# by their armed groups -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"by their military divisions." This means that each tribe had their own men, who were armed, to protect them. See how you translated "armed groups" in [Numbers 1:3](../01/01.md). -## translationNotes +# as commanded by Yahweh -* **by their armed groups** - This means that each tribe had their own men, who were armed, to protect them. AT: "by their military group" or "by their armies" -* **as commanded by Yahweh** - AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **departure after departure** - AT: "from one place to another place" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# departure after departure + +"from one place to another place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/03.md b/num/33/03.md index d4f6016854..8c3c533df8 100644 --- a/num/33/03.md +++ b/num/33/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:passover]] -* [[en:tw:passover|Passover]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# during the first month, leaving on the fifteenth day of the first month -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They traveled from Rameses during the first month, leaving on the fifteenth day of the first month** - AT: "They traveled from Rameses, leaving on the 15th day of the 1st month" -* **month...day** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) -* **the people of Israel left openly, in the sight of all the Egyptians** - AT: "the Israelites left in plain view of the Egyptians" -* **their firstborn** - AT: "their firstborn son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **for he also inflicted punishment on their gods** - This means that when Yahweh caused the plagues in Egypt, he proved that he was more powerful than all the false gods that the Egyptians worshiped. +Here "first" is the ordinal number one and "fifteenth" is the ordinal number fifteen. This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the people of Israel left openly, in the sight of all the Egyptians + +"the Israelites left in plain view of the Egyptians" + +# their firstborn + +This refers to the firstborn sons. AT: "their firstborn sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he also inflicted punishment on their gods + +Yahweh proving that he is more powerful than all of the false gods that the Egyptians worshiped is spoken of as if Yahweh punished those false gods. AT: "he also proved that he is greater than their gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/05.md b/num/33/05.md index 829a75809f..6a8dfb818e 100644 --- a/num/33/05.md +++ b/num/33/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:succoth]] -* [[en:tw:succoth|Succoth]] +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# set out from -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **set out from** - "departed from" -* **on the edge of the wilderness** - "on the border of the wilderness" +"departed from" + +# on the edge of the wilderness + +"on the border of the wilderness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/08.md b/num/33/08.md index 84c5ca9064..7ecbb3ccb3 100644 --- a/num/33/08.md +++ b/num/33/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:redsea|Red Sea, Sea of Reeds]] +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# passed through the middle of the sea -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **passed through the middle of the sea** - This refers to when Yahweh divided the Red Sea so that the Israelites could escape from the Egyptian army. -* **twelve springs...seventy palm trees** - "12 springs...70 palm trees" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This refers to when Yahweh divided the Red Sea so that the Israelites could escape from the Egyptian army. + +# twelve springs ... seventy palm trees + +"12 springs ... 70 palm trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/11.md b/num/33/11.md index 073fa7e08c..a5335c56cd 100644 --- a/num/33/11.md +++ b/num/33/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:redsea|Red Sea, Sea of Reeds]] +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# where no water was found for the people to drink -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **where no water was found for the people to drink** - AT: "where the people could not find water to drink" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where the people could not find water to drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/15.md b/num/33/15.md index 394b16c4d5..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/15.md +++ b/num/33/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:sinai|Sinai, Mount Sinai]] - -## translationNotes - -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/19.md b/num/33/19.md index ae28694345..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/19.md +++ b/num/33/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/23.md b/num/33/23.md index ae28694345..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/23.md +++ b/num/33/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/27.md b/num/33/27.md index ae28694345..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/27.md +++ b/num/33/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/31.md b/num/33/31.md index ae28694345..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/31.md +++ b/num/33/31.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/35.md b/num/33/35.md index 037c2c5d73..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/35.md +++ b/num/33/35.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:edom|Edom, Edomite, Idumea, Seir, Teman]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh|Kadesh]] - -## translationNotes - -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/38.md b/num/33/38.md index 4e75f473f9..69c9ab49b8 100644 --- a/num/33/38.md +++ b/num/33/38.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in the fortieth year after -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "fortieth" is the ordinal number for forty. AT: "40 years after" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# in the fifth month, on the first day of the month -* **in the fortieth year after** - AT: "40 years after" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **year...month...day** - (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicaltime]]) +This "fifth" is the ordinal number for five. This "first" is the ordinal number for one. This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# 123 years old + +"one hundred and twenty-three years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/40.md b/num/33/40.md index 68f664862a..34131de59e 100644 --- a/num/33/40.md +++ b/num/33/40.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The Canaanite, the king of Arad -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] +"The Canaanite king of Arad" -## translationNotes +# Arad -* **The Canaanite, the king of Arad** - AT: "The Canaanite king of Arad" -* **Arad** - This was the name of a Canaanite city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This was the name of a Canaanite city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# heard of the coming of the people of Israel + +"heard that the people of Israel were coming" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/41.md b/num/33/41.md index ae28694345..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/41.md +++ b/num/33/41.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/44.md b/num/33/44.md index 3c5a3d61d2..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/44.md +++ b/num/33/44.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] - -## translationNotes - -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/47.md b/num/33/47.md index c341c80a22..068acaea92 100644 --- a/num/33/47.md +++ b/num/33/47.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] +Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# plains -* Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **plains** - a large area of flat land +a large area of flat land \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/50.md b/num/33/50.md index d9039c809e..58ea2fe8ff 100644 --- a/num/33/50.md +++ b/num/33/50.md @@ -1,17 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# demolish all their high places -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] -* [[en:tw:shrine|shrine]] - -## translationNotes - -* **demolish all their shrines** - "destroy all of their shrines" +"destroy all of their high places" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/53.md b/num/33/53.md index de88ed3a94..11ae381d73 100644 --- a/num/33/53.md +++ b/num/33/53.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# inherit the land -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **Wherever the lot falls to each clan, that land will belong to it** - AT: "Each clan will receive the land according to how the lot falls" +The Israelites claiming the land as their permanent possession is spoken of as if they were inheriting the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wherever the lot falls to each clan, that land will belong to it + +"Each clan will receive the land according to how the lot falls" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/55.md b/num/33/55.md index 6ee450a5b5..4947ae8d84 100644 --- a/num/33/55.md +++ b/num/33/55.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:thorn]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# like objects in your eyes and thorns in your sides -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **like objects in your eyes and thorns in your sides** - This means that the people allowed to stay on their land will cause trouble for the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Just like a small object in a person's eye or a small thorn that sticks into a person skin can cause great irritation, so even a small portion of the Canaanites, if left in the land, would cause great trouble for the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/intro.md b/num/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97a5289d7b --- /dev/null +++ b/num/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Numbers 33 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a summary of Israel's exodus from Egypt to the Promised Land, including their wandering through the desert. The phrase "they set out" means "they left." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/01.md b/num/34/01.md index 0f7993ca3f..d8e9c900f8 100644 --- a/num/34/01.md +++ b/num/34/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# wilderness of Zin -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:edom|Edom, Edomite, Idumea, Seir, Teman]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea|Salt Sea, Dead Sea]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Wilderness of Zin** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:33:11]]. +See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 33:12](../33/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/04.md b/num/34/04.md index 697c964a43..585cdfc462 100644 --- a/num/34/04.md +++ b/num/34/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh|Kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:mediterranean]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/06.md b/num/34/06.md index 676f02cd1b..bf197fef2f 100644 --- a/num/34/06.md +++ b/num/34/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. +Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/07.md b/num/34/07.md index 6ee00680fd..5ee6f2df8a 100644 --- a/num/34/07.md +++ b/num/34/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Mount Hor -* Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Mount Hor** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:num:20:22]]. +See how you translated this name in [Numbers 20:22](../20/22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/10.md b/num/34/10.md index 78adea7a25..585cdfc462 100644 --- a/num/34/10.md +++ b/num/34/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea]] -* [[en:tw:saltsea|Salt Sea, Dead Sea]] -* [[en:tw:seaofgalilee]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **sea of Kinnereth** - This is another name for the Sea of Galilee. +Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/13.md b/num/34/13.md index 27f06f1ff7..88643afac8 100644 --- a/num/34/13.md +++ b/num/34/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to the nine tribes and to the half tribe -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gad|Gad]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:reuben|Reuben]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +This means the remaining tribes of Israel who will live on the west side of the Jordan River in the land of Canaan. The tribes of Reuben and Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh had already received their land on the east side of the Jordan River. -## translationNotes +# following the assignment of property to their ancestor's tribe -* **to the nine tribes and to the half tribe** - This means the remaining tribes of Israel who will live on the west side of the Jordan River in the land of Canaan. The tribes of Reuben and Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh had already received their land on the east side of the Jordan River. -* **following the assignment of property to their ancestor's tribe** - AT: "have received land according to their ancestor's tribe" -* **The two tribes and the half tribe** - AT: "The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh" +"according to how Yahweh assigned the property to their ancestor's tribe" + +# The two tribes and the half tribe + +"The tribes of Reuben and Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/16.md b/num/34/16.md index 7c4688157b..1990b78c83 100644 --- a/num/34/16.md +++ b/num/34/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# divide the land for your inheritance -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:eleazar]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] - -## translationNotes - -* **divide the land for your inheritance** - Here "your" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. These men will cast lots to divide the land. Then they will distribute it to the tribes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +Here "your" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. These men will cast lots to divide the land. Then they will distribute it to the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/19.md b/num/34/19.md index 00f7eb2e27..dc66c06bc0 100644 --- a/num/34/19.md +++ b/num/34/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:caleb]] -* [[en:tw:caleb|Caleb]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:simeon|Simeon]] - -## translationNotes - -* This is the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/21.md b/num/34/21.md index 4325e56772..197828d215 100644 --- a/num/34/21.md +++ b/num/34/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:dan]] -* [[en:tw:dan|Dan]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This continues the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/24.md b/num/34/24.md index acdd7f145f..197828d215 100644 --- a/num/34/24.md +++ b/num/34/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:issachar|Issachar]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun|Zebulun]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This continues the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/27.md b/num/34/27.md index 2d789e9739..b8455b2ae4 100644 --- a/num/34/27.md +++ b/num/34/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:asher|Asher]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali|Naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* This concludes the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This concludes the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/intro.md b/num/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b8941c83a --- /dev/null +++ b/num/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Numbers 34 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 34:19-28, which are a list. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### The boundaries ##### +Moses told them all of the land they would inherit and live in and said that they should divide it up by casting lots. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/01.md b/num/35/01.md index eee5de6ea7..cca5efc56e 100644 --- a/num/35/01.md +++ b/num/35/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# plains -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +a large area of flat land -## translationNotes +# give some of their own shares of land to the Levites -* **plains** - a large area of flat land -* **give some of their own shares of land to the Levites** - The Levites did not receive land by lot like the other tribes. Each tribe gave some of their land to the Levites. -* **pastureland** - an area of land where animals feed on grass +Yahweh did not give the Levites their own land, so they had to live in cities that belonged to other tribes. + +# pastureland + +an area of land where animals feed on grass \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/03.md b/num/35/03.md index 5df3ea1058..8ce594bbdf 100644 --- a/num/35/03.md +++ b/num/35/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# one thousand cubits -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] - -## translationNotes - -* **one thousand cubits** - "1,000 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"1,000 cubits." If it is necessary to use modern distance units, here is a way of doing it. AT: "457 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/05.md b/num/35/05.md index e74715e59b..8ab7445b42 100644 --- a/num/35/05.md +++ b/num/35/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# two thousand cubits -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **two thousand cubits** - "2,000 cubits" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[en:obe:other:biblicaldistance]]) +"2,000 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/06.md b/num/35/06.md index b8c1e6a069..ebbcbd25fc 100644 --- a/num/35/06.md +++ b/num/35/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# a person who has killed someone -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +This refers to people who have killed someone, but it had not yet been determined whether they killed the person intentionally or accidentally. -## translationNotes +# forty-two ... forty-eight -* **accused murderers** - This refers to a person who has killed someone, but it had not yet been proven that it was not an accident. -* **forty-two...forty-eight** - two...forty-eight** - "42...48" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"42 ... 48" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/08.md b/num/35/08.md index 76f99f1973..bc810681f8 100644 --- a/num/35/08.md +++ b/num/35/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Levite]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/09.md b/num/35/09.md index 2ad00abb13..1645406eac 100644 --- a/num/35/09.md +++ b/num/35/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# unintentionally -* [[en:tw:Moses]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] - -## translationNotes - -* **unintentionally** - "accidentally" +"accidentally" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/12.md b/num/35/12.md index b08fcbbf74..46aedd3735 100644 --- a/num/35/12.md +++ b/num/35/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the avenger -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +This refers to a close relative that seeks vengeance by killing the accused man. -## translationNotes +# so that the accused man will not be killed without first standing trial before the community -* **the avenger** - This refers to a close relative that seeks vengeance by killing the accused man. -* **so that the accused man will not be killed without standing on trial before the community first** - AT: "so that no one will kill the accused man before the community is able to judge him in court" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that no one will kill the accused man before the community is able to judge him in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/14.md b/num/35/14.md index b6f3cdcb2b..bc810681f8 100644 --- a/num/35/14.md +++ b/num/35/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] - -## translationNotes - -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/16.md b/num/35/16.md index 1b1f908792..33381240aa 100644 --- a/num/35/16.md +++ b/num/35/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# He must certainly be put to death -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **He must certainly be put to death** - AT: "You must certainly execute him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must certainly execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/19.md b/num/35/19.md index 9eab685eba..d3dbde3f2a 100644 --- a/num/35/19.md +++ b/num/35/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The avenger of blood -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] +Here the word "blood" is a metonym for the murder. AT: "The one who avenges the murder" or "The relative seeking vengeance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the accused who struck him must surely be put to death -* **The blood avenger** - AT: "The relative seeking vengeance" -* **manhandles a victim** - AT: "overpowers a victim" or "acts violently towards a victim" -* **then the accused who struck him must surely be put to death** - AT: "the relative must certainly execute the accused man" or "the accused man must die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the relative must certainly execute the accused man" or "the accused man must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/22.md b/num/35/22.md index 01f47b5e4a..4034fbe4bf 100644 --- a/num/35/22.md +++ b/num/35/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# without premeditated hate +"without planning it out of hate ahead of time" -## translationNotes +# without lying in wait -* **without premeditated hate** - AT: "without hate and without planning it ahead of time" -* **without lying in wait** - AT: "accidentally" +Someone intentionally seeking a way to harm another person is spoken of as if someone were hiding in order to ambush that other person. AT: "without intentionally having tried to harm the victim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/24.md b/num/35/24.md index 89d0be4827..c01d5ec52e 100644 --- a/num/35/24.md +++ b/num/35/24.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the avenger of blood -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest|high priest]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +Here the word "blood" is a metonym for the murder. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 35:19](./19.md). AT: "the one who avenges the murder" or "the relative seeking vengeance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# The community must rescue the accused -* **the blood avenger** - AT: "the relative seeking vengeance" -* **The community must rescue the accused** - This means if the community judges that the death was accidental. If the community judges that the death was not accidental, then the relative must execute the accused man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the one who was anointed with the holy oil** - AT: "the one you anointed with holy oil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This means if the community judges that the death was accidental then they must save the accused man from the relative who wants to kill him. If the community judges that the death was not accidental, then the relative must execute the accused man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the one who was anointed with the holy oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one you anointed with holy oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/26.md b/num/35/26.md index ec71e1af8b..f4a3195016 100644 --- a/num/35/26.md +++ b/num/35/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the avenger of blood -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] - -## translationNotes - -* **the blood avenger** - AT: "the relative seeking vengeance" +Here the word "blood" is a metonym for the murder. See how you translated these words in [Numbers 35:19](./19.md). AT: "the one who avenges the murder" or "the relative seeking vengeance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/29.md b/num/35/29.md index 81ae89cbb4..2b03dc0477 100644 --- a/num/35/29.md +++ b/num/35/29.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testimony, testify]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## translationNotes +# through all your people's generations -* Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -* **These laws must be for you statutes through all your people’s generations** - AT: "These are laws for you and all of your descendants" -* **the murderer must be killed** - AT: "you must execute the murderer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **as testified to by the words of witnesses** - AT: "according to the testimony of witnesses" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **But one witness' word alone may not cause any person to be put to death** - AT: "But if only one witness testifies, then you will not execute the accused man" +"and all of your descendants who will live after you" + +# the murderer must be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone must execute the murderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as testified to by the words of witnesses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "according to the testimony of witnesses" or "as witnesses testify to the murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But one witness' word alone may not cause any person to be put to death + +The testimony of one witness is not enough to execute a person for murder. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the word of only one witness is not enough for you to execute a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/31.md b/num/35/31.md index 043d1b4669..80a5977fc9 100644 --- a/num/35/31.md +++ b/num/35/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He must certainly be put to death -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:ransom|ransom]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# You must not ... allow him to reside on his own property -* **He must certainly be put to death** - AT: "You must execute him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You must not in this way allow him to reside on his own property** - AT: "You must not allow him to return to his home to live on his own property" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This implied that the man would have left the city of refuge and returned home. AT: "You must not ... allow him to leave the city of refuge and return home to live on his own property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in this way + +"by accepting a ransom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/33.md b/num/35/33.md index 907fed5ab7..e90a65cc4f 100644 --- a/num/35/33.md +++ b/num/35/33.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not pollute in this way the land where you live, because blood from murder pollutes the land -* [[en:tw:atonement]] -* [[en:tw:atonement|atonement, atone]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Making the land unacceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically polluting the land. AT: "Do not make the land where you live unacceptable to me in this way, because blood from murder makes the land unacceptable to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in this way -* **Do not pollute in this way the land where you live** - Here "pollute" means to make the land unacceptable to God. "Do not defile the land where you live in this way" or "Do not make the land where you live unclean in this way" -* **in this way** - This means by disobeying the laws concerning a person who kills someone. -* **No atonement can be made for the land when blood has been shed on it, except by the blood of the one who shed it** - This refers to when a person intentionally kills another person. AT: "Only the execution of the murderer can make the land acceptable to God again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This means by disobeying the laws concerning a person who kills someone. + +# No atonement can be made for the land when blood has been shed on it, except by the blood of the one who shed it + +This refers to when a person intentionally kills another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When someone has shed blood in the land, only the execution of the murderer can make atonement for the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/intro.md b/num/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ee37ef23b --- /dev/null +++ b/num/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Numbers 35 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter continues the material from the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Revenge ##### +Yahweh told Moses to establish safe places for people who accidentally killed other people. This prevented revenge killings. Justice is an important concept in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/01.md b/num/36/01.md index 63c81554b1..7c7af6a6e6 100644 --- a/num/36/01.md +++ b/num/36/01.md @@ -1,32 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Machir -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 26:29](../26/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# You were commanded by Yahweh -* **Then the leaders of their ancestor’s families in the clan founded by Gilead** - AT: "Then the leaders of the families in the clan of Gilead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the leaders of the clans of Joseph’s descendants** - AT: "the descendants of Joseph" -* **Machir** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:num:26:28]]. -* **You were commanded by Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh commanded you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to give the share of Zelophehad our brother to his daughters** - Zelophehad's daughters received the land since he died and had no sons. See 27:1-8. -* **Zelophehad** - See how you translated this name in [[en:bible:notes:num:26:33]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Zelophehad + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/03.md b/num/36/03.md index c643d01ebc..41c7ab3906 100644 --- a/num/36/03.md +++ b/num/36/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# will be removed from our ancestor's share -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will no longer belong to our ancestor's share" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# It will be added -* **will be removed from our ancestor’s share** - AT: "will no longer belong to our ancestor's share" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It will be added** - AT: "It will belong to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it will be removed from the assigned share of our inheritance** - AT: "it will no longer be a part of our inheritance" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **jubilee of the people** - This refers to a celebration which happens once every 50 years. In this celebration, all land that someone sold or traded must return to the original owner. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **their share will be joined** - AT: "their share will belong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **their share will be taken away from the share of our ancestors’ tribe** - AT: "they will take our tribe's share of the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It will belong to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will be removed from the assigned share of our inheritance + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will no longer be a part of our inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the year of Jubilee of the people + +This refers to a celebration which happens once every fifty years. In this celebration, all land that someone sold or traded must return to the original owner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# their share will be joined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their share will belong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their share will be taken away from the share of our ancestors' tribe + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will take our tribe's share of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/05.md b/num/36/05.md index d51e2ca3a2..a72d128f01 100644 --- a/num/36/05.md +++ b/num/36/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# at Yahweh's word -* [[en:tw:word]] +"according to what Yahweh said" -## translationNotes +# Let them be married to whom they think best -* **at Yahweh’s word** - AT: "according to what Yahweh said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Let them be married to whom they think best** - AT: "Let them marry whom they want" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but they must be married only within their father's tribe** - AT: "but they may only marry someone from their father's tribe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let them marry whom they want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but they must be married only within their father's tribe + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but they may only marry someone from their father's tribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/07.md b/num/36/07.md index f9bb3897c5..469b450b3a 100644 --- a/num/36/07.md +++ b/num/36/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# No share -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] - -## translationNotes - -* **No share** - "No portion of the land" +The word "share" represents the portion of land that each tribe received as an inheritance. AT: "No portion of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/08.md b/num/36/08.md index 4710208589..84f0d72d41 100644 --- a/num/36/08.md +++ b/num/36/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who owns a share in her tribe -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance, heritage, heir]] +"who owns a share of land in her tribe" -## translationNotes +# may own an inheritance -* **No share may change hands** - AT: "No one may give land to another tribe permanently" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The land that each clan possesses is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No share may change hands from one tribe to another + +Transferring ownership from one tribe to another is spoken of as if the property passed from one person's hands to another person's hands. AT: "No one may transfer the ownership of any share of land from one tribe to another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/10.md b/num/36/10.md index a1e3a9b6b4..239b5d7f2d 100644 --- a/num/36/10.md +++ b/num/36/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Mahlah, Tirzah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Noah -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:tirzah]] -* [[en:tw:tirzah|Tirzah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +See how you translated these women's names in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# their inheritances -* **Mahlah, Tirzah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Noah** - See how you translated these names in [[en:bible:notes:num:26:33]]. +The land that each of Zelophehad's daughters possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received. AT: "the lands that they received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/13.md b/num/36/13.md index d9aea29849..6f7afecdd5 100644 --- a/num/36/13.md +++ b/num/36/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# plains -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jericho|Jericho]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] - -## translationNotes - -* **plains** - a large area of flat land +a large area of flat land \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/intro.md b/num/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b11079301 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 36 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Female heirs ##### + +Women who inherited land from their father must marry men from their tribe so the inheritance does not leave the tribe. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/front/intro.md b/num/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cfe61cb834 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +# Introduction to Numbers # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Numbers #### + +1. Preparing to leave Sinai (1:1–10:10) + - Census and calling the tribes together (1:1–4:49) + - Regulations (5:1–6:27) + - Dedication of the Altar (7:1-89) + - Candlestick, setting apart the Levites (8:1–29); + - Second Passover, the cloud to lead them, trumpets (9:1–10:10) +1. Sinai to Moab, through the wilderness (10:11–17:13) + - Complaining and murmuring (10:11–11:15); the quails (11:16–35) + - Miriam's leprosy (12:1–16) + - The spies selected and sent (13:1–14:45) + - Commands (15:1-41) + - Korah's rebellion (16:1–17:13); +1. The Priests and purification (18:1-19:22) + - Priests and Levites (18:1–32) + - The law of purification (19:1–22) +1. Conflicts (20:1–21:35) + - Miriam's death (20:1–13) + - Edom's refusal and Aaron's death (20:14–29) + - Journey to Moab (21:1–35) +1. The Plains of Moab (22–36) + - Balaam (22:1–24:25) + - Baal Peor (25:1–18) + - Second census (26:1-65) + - Inheritance rights for daughters, and Joshua's succession to Moses' place (27:1–23) + - Offerings and women's vows (28:1–30:16) + - Midianite war (31:1–54) + - Across the Jordan (32:1–42) + - The people set up camp (33:1–56) + - Territory of West Jordan; Levitical cities and cities of refuge (34:1–35:34) + - Marriage of female heirs (36) + +#### What is the Book of Numbers about? #### + +Numbers is the story of the people of Israel as they traveled from Mount Sinai in the wilderness to the Jordan River. After many hardships, the Israelites were very discouraged, and they rebelled against the leaders whom God had given them. It was at the Jordan River that the people of Israel refused to enter the Promised Land. Because the Israelites were afraid to follow Yahweh's guidance, he delayed Israel's entry for forty years (13:1–14:45). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The title of this book, "Numbers," refers to the census that was to be taken of the Israelites. Unless the people of the project language are already familiar with the name "Numbers" from other Bible versions, the translator should consider creating a modified name, such as "The Counting of the People of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/census]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Numbers? #### + +The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the Book of Numbers. However, later scribes and priests probably put the book into its present form; they included material from other sources such as eyewitness accounts and books of history (21:14). One such book was "The Book of the Wars of Yahweh," which may have been completed after Moses' death and which was known to later scribes who worked on the book of Numbers. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What importance does collective or group responsibility play in the Book of Numbers? #### + +The tendency was to assume that the entire community of Israel would suffer God's punishment if some of them rebelled against him. Indeed, divine punishment often did fall across the entire nation. This would, in fact, have been the expectation among all peoples in the Ancient Near East. At the same time, Moses and Aaron, the leaders of Israel, are shown as praying to God for him to punish only the guilty. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why does Moses speak using third person pronouns about himself? #### + +When an author wrote about something he was involved in, it was common for him to use the pronoun "he" instead of "I," or "they" instead of "we." The translator may decide to use the project's normal pronouns instead. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/01.md b/oba/01/01.md index 3191679cab..c32994d27a 100644 --- a/oba/01/01.md +++ b/oba/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# The vision of Obadiah -* [[en:tw:ambassador]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:edom|Edom, Edomite, Idumea, Seir, Teman]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah]] -* [[en:tw:obadiah|Obadiah]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the title of the book. Here "vision" is used in the general sense of a message from Yahweh, rather than to indicate how Obadiah received the message. AT: "The message of Obadiah" or "The prophesy of Obadiah" -## translationNotes +# The Lord Yahweh says this concerning Edom -* **ambassador has been sent** - AT: "God had sent an ambassador" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Rise up** - "stand up" This phrase is used to tell people to get ready. -* **Behold** - AT: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **you will be greatly despised** - "the people of other nations will hate you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This tells the reader that the entire book is a message about Edom. + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# an ambassador has been sent + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has sent an ambassador" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Rise up + +"Stand up." This phrase is used to tell people to get ready. + +# rise up against her + +Here "her" refers to Edom. This is a metonym for the people of Edom, so it could also be translated as "them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Behold, I will make you + +Beginning in verse 2, Obadiah records the words that Yahweh speaks directly to Edom. + +# Behold + +This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I will make you small among the nations, you will be greatly despised + +These two phrases mean similar things and are used to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will make you small among the nations + +Something that is insignificant is spoken of as if it is of small size, and can easily be overlooked. AT: "I will make you insignificant among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will be greatly despised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of other nations will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/03.md b/oba/01/03.md index 43a7ef42ae..bca429db22 100644 --- a/oba/01/03.md +++ b/oba/01/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Obadiah's vision concerning Edom continues. -## translationNotes +# The pride of your heart has deceived you -* Obadiah's vision concerning Edom continues. -* **The pride of your heart** - Yahweh uses the part of a person's body that is associated with emotions to refer to the people of Edom feeling pride. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **in the clefts of the rock** - "in the cracks in the rock" -* **in your lofty home** - "in your home that was built in a high place" -* **Who will bring me down to the ground?** - This question is showing how the Edomites were proud and felt safe. AT: "I am safe from all attackers." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Though you tower high like the eagle, and though your nest is set among the stars** - Both of these phrases are saying Edom is built much higher than possible, to say it was built in a very high place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **tower ** - to be much taller than other things. -* **I will bring you down from there** - Pride is associated with height and humility is associated with being low. Yahweh says he will bring Edom down to say he will humble it. AT: "I will humble you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The "heart" was associated with emotions. The Edomites' pride caused them to be deceived about their security. AT: "Your pride has deceived you" or "Your pride causes you think you are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the clefts of the rock + +"in the cracks in the rock." This here has the sense of a place that is protected because it is surrounded by rocks. + +# in your lofty home + +"in your home that was built in a high place" + +# say in your heart + +Here "in your heart" is an idiom that means "to yourself." AT: "say to yourselves" or "think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Who will bring me down to the ground? + +This question expresses that the Edomites were proud and felt safe. AT: "No one can bring me down to the ground." or "I am safe from all attackers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Though you soar high like the eagle and though your nest is set among the stars + +Both of these exaggerations say that Edom is built in a very high place by saying it is built much higher than possible. AT: "And I tell you that even if you had wings and could fly higher than eagles fly, and if you could make your homes among the stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will bring you down from there + +Pride is associated with height while humility is associated with being low. To "bring down" is an idiom that means to humble someone. AT: "I will humble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/05.md b/oba/01/05.md index e9ebe89907..95ae177919 100644 --- a/oba/01/05.md +++ b/oba/01/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:thief]] +Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -## translationNotes +# If thieves came to you ... would they not steal only as much as they needed? -* Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -* **if robbers by night** - "or if robbers came during the night" -* **robbers** - people who steal things by being violent to other people -* **how are you cut off** - Yahweh adds this phrase in the middle of another sentence to express that the punishment of Edom is shocking. AT: "ah, you are completely destroyed." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **would they only steal enough for themselves** - AT: "They would only steal enough for themselves." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **How Esau has been ransacked, and his hidden treasures sought out** - AT: "Ah, enemies have searched Esau; they have looked for his hidden treasure." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **ransacked** - searching for things in order to steal them +This question is used to imply that Yahweh's punishment of Edom would be worse than what thieves would do when they steal. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "If thieves came to you ... they would only steal as much as they needed, but I will take everything from you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If thieves came to you, if robbers came by night + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are used to emphasize people who steal. They can be combined. AT: "When thieves break into someone's house during the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# if robbers came by night + +"or if robbers came during the night" + +# robbers + +people who steal things from other people + +# how you will be ruined! + +Yahweh adds this phrase in the middle of another sentence to express that the punishment of Edom is shocking. AT: "you are completely destroyed!" + +# If grape gatherers came to you, would they not leave the gleanings? + +This question is used to imply that Yahweh's punishment of Edom would be more thorough than what grape gatherers would do when they harvest grapes. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "If grape gatherers came to you, they would leave some grapes, but I will take everything from you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# How Esau has been ransacked, his hidden treasures will be searched out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Ah, enemies have stolen everything from Esau; they have found his hidden treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Esau + +The people of Edom were the descendants of Esau. Therefore, in this book "Edom" and "Esau" refer to the same group of people. + +# has been ransacked + +This means the enemies have search through Esau's things, taken everything valuable, and left everything else in a mess or damaged. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/07.md b/oba/01/07.md index b721e841e6..0b9529e37a 100644 --- a/oba/01/07.md +++ b/oba/01/07.md @@ -1,24 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -## translationNotes +# All the men of your alliance ... The men who were at peace with you ... They who eat your bread -* Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -* **your alliance** - The word "your" refers to the nation of Edom. -* **will send you on your way to the border** - "will send you out of their land." The people of Edom will try to take refuge in the land of their allies, but their allies will not let the people of Edom stay in their land. -* **There is no understanding in him** - "Edom cannot understand." -* **Will I not on that day, says Yahweh, destroy...** - "On that day, says Yahweh, I surely will destroy..." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **your mighty men will be dismayed** - "your strong warriors will be afraid" -* **Teman** - the name of a region in the land of Edom. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **so that every man may be cut off from the mountain of Esau by slaughter** - AT: "so that there will be no more people in the mountains of Esau because enemies killed them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **mountain of Esau** - Most of the land of Esau was mountains, so this is one way of referring to the land of Esau. +All three of these phrases refer to Edom's allies. + +# your alliance + +The word "your" refers to the nation of Edom. + +# will send you on your way to the border + +"will send you out of their land." The people of Edom will try to take refuge in the land of their allies, but their allies will not let the people of Edom stay in their land. + +# There is no understanding in him + +Possible meanings are 1) the allies say this about Edom. AT: "They say, 'Edom does not understand anything'" or 2) this is a statement about the betrayal of the allies. AT: "No one can understand why they did this" + +# Will I not on that day," says Yahweh, "destroy ... mountain of Esau? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize the certainty of the destruction of Edom. AT: "'On that day,' says Yahweh, 'I surely will destroy ... mountain of Esau." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the mountain of Esau + +Most of the land of Esau was mountains, so this is one way of referring to the land of Edom. + +# Your mighty men will be dismayed + +"Your strong warriors will be afraid" + +# Teman + +This is the name of a region in the land of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# so that every man may be cut off from the mountain of Esau by slaughter + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that there will be no more people in the mountains of Esau because enemies killed them" or "so that they will slaughter every person in the mountain of Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be cut off + +"be destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/10.md b/oba/01/10.md index 9b1fb976e6..e304c26be0 100644 --- a/oba/01/10.md +++ b/oba/01/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -## translationNotes +# your brother Jacob -* Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -* **your brother Jacob** - AT: "your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you will be covered with shame** - "you will be completely ashamed" -* **will be cut off forever** - "will never exist again." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **stood aloof** - "watched and did nothing to help" -* **strangers** - people from other nations -* **his wealth** - The word "his" refers to "Jacob," which is another way of referring to the people of Israel. -* **cast lots upon Jerusalem** - This phrase means "they cast lots to decide who would get the valuable things that they took from Jerusalem." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you were like one of them** - "it was as though you were one of these strangers and foreigners" +Here "Jacob" represents his descendants. Because Jacob was the brother of Esau, the people of Edom are spoken of as if they were the brothers of the descendants of Jacob. AT: "your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will be covered with shame + +To be covered with something is an idiom for fully experiencing it. AT: "you will be completely ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will be cut off forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will never exist again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# stood aloof + +"watched and did nothing to help" + +# strangers + +people from other nations + +# his wealth + +The word "his" refers to "Jacob," which is another way of referring to the people of Israel. + +# cast lots for Jerusalem + +This phrase means "they cast lots to decide who would get the valuable things that they took from Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you were like one of them + +"it was as though you were one of these strangers and foreigners." This implies that they did not help the Israelites. This can be made explicit. AT: "you were like one of the enemies and did not help Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/12.md b/oba/01/12.md index d00ea2fdb2..3c3c9e9f2a 100644 --- a/oba/01/12.md +++ b/oba/01/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,55 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -* **do not gloat over** - "do not be happy because of" or "do not take pleasure in" -* **your brother's** - This was a way of referring to the people of Israel because Jacob and Esau were brothers. -* **day** - AT: "day of punishment" or "time of punishment." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **misfortune** - "disaster" or "trouble" -* **in the day of their destruction** - "in the day that their enemies destroy them" -* **in the day of their distress** - "because of the time that they are suffering" -* **calamity..disaster...ruin** - These are all different translations of the same word. Translators should use one word to translate all three of these. -* **over their affliction** - "because of the bad things that happen to them" -* **do not loot their wealth** - "do not take their wealth" "or "do not steal their wealth" -* **crossroads** - a place where two roads come together -* **to cut off his fugitives** - "to kill the people of Israel who are trying to escape" or "to catch those who were trying to escape" (UDB) -* **do not hand over his survivors** - "do not capture those who are still alive and give them to their enemies" +Verses 12-14 consist of a series of negative commands that Yahweh gives to tell the people of Edom how not to treat the Israelites. + +# do not gloat over + +"do not be happy because of" or "do not take pleasure in" + +# your brother's day + +Here "your brother" refers to the people of Israel because Jacob and Esau were brothers. + +# the day + +Each of the several occurrences of "day" refer to the time when Babylon attacked and destroyed Jerusalem. + +# misfortune + +"disaster" or "trouble" + +# in the day of their destruction + +"at the time when their enemies destroy them" + +# in the day of their distress + +"at the time when they suffer" + +# calamity ... disaster ... ruin + +These are all different translations of the same word. If your language has one word that can translate all three of these ideas, you could use it here. + +# over their affliction + +"because of the bad things that happen to them" + +# do not loot their wealth + +"do not take their wealth" "or "do not steal their wealth" + +# crossroads + +a place where two roads come together + +# to cut off his fugitives + +"to kill the people of Israel who are trying to escape" or "to catch those who were trying to escape" + +# do not hand over his survivors + +"do not capture those who are still alive and give them to their enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/15.md b/oba/01/15.md index 7c3ddfa01f..502eeb29ee 100644 --- a/oba/01/15.md +++ b/oba/01/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Yahweh concludes his message to Edom in verse 15. In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom. -## translationNotes +# For the day of Yahweh is near ... will return on your own head -* Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -* **For the day of Yahweh is near upon all the nations** - "Soon the time will come when Yahweh will show all the nations that he is Lord." -* **As you have done, it will be done to you** - "I will do to you the same things that you did to others." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **your deeds will return on your own head** - AT: "you will suffer the consequences for the things you have done." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **For as you** - The word "you" to the people of Edom. -* **as you have drunk** - The prophets describe people whom Yahweh punished as drinking the punishment from Yahweh AT: "as I have punished you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my holy mountain** - This was a way of referring to Jerusalem. -* **will all the nations drink continually** - AT: "I will punish all of the nations without stopping." Yahweh punished Jerusalem, but he stopped before he destroyed all of the people. However, he will punish the rest of the nations until they no longer exist. +Bible experts are not certain whether verse 15 goes with verse 14 as the end of the previous section, or goes with verse 16 as the beginning of the new section. + +# For the day of Yahweh is near upon all the nations + +"Soon the time will come when Yahweh will show all the nations that he is Lord" + +# As you have done, it will be done to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will do to you the same things that you did to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your deeds will return on your own head + +Here "return on your own head" means they will be punished for those things. AT: "you will suffer the consequences for the things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For as you + +The word "you" is plural and probably refers to the people of Judah. + +# as you have drunk + +The punishment that Judah received from the enemy nations is spoken of as if a bitter liquid that they drank. AT: "as you have drunk suffering" or "as I have punished you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my holy mountain + +This was a way of referring to Jerusalem. + +# so will all the nations drink continually + +Yahweh's punishment of the other nations is spoken of as if it was a bitter liquid that he will cause them to drink continually. AT: "so all the nations will drink in suffering continually" or "so I will punish all of the nations without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will drink and swallow and it will be as though they had never existed + +Yahweh continues the metaphor of drinking punishment. Here "swallow" expresses that they will fully experience the punishment, with the result that it will destroy them completely. AT: "They will drink in my punishment fully until they cease to exist" or "I will continue to punish them fully until I completely destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/17.md b/oba/01/17.md index 8c961d9ef8..63e5202876 100644 --- a/oba/01/17.md +++ b/oba/01/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom. -## translationNotes +# those that escape -* Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message. -* **escape** - "escape the punishment of Yahweh." These are the people that are still alive after Yahweh has punished. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **and it** - The word "it" refers to "mount Zion." -* **house of Jacob ... Joseph a flame** - Yahweh compares the houses of Jacob and Joseph to fire because they will destroy Esau like a fire that quickly and completely burns up straw. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **stubble** - "straw" or "chaff." The dry pieces of plant that are left after grain is harvested. -* **and they** - The word "they" refers to the house of Jacob and the house of Joseph. -* **will burn them** - The word "them" refers to the descendants of Esau, who are the nation of Edom. -* **There will be no survivors to the house of Esau** - "Not one person of the house of Esau will survive" +These are the people of Jerusalem that are still alive after Yahweh has finished punishing the city. This can be made explicit. AT: "some of the Israelites who escape the punishment of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it will be holy + +The word "it" refers to "mount Zion." + +# house of Jacob will be a fire ... Joseph a flame + +Yahweh speaks of the houses of Jacob and Joseph as if they were fire because they will destroy Esau like a fire that quickly and completely burns up straw. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Jacob + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stubble + +"straw" or "chaff." The dry pieces of plant that are left after grain is harvested. + +# and they + +The word "they" refers to the house of Jacob and the house of Joseph. + +# will burn them + +The word "them" refers to the descendants of Esau, who are the nation of Edom. + +# There will be no survivors to the house of Esau + +"Not one person of the house of Esau will survive" + +# the house of Esau + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Esau's descendants. AT: "descendants of Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for Yahweh has spoken it + +This is an oath formula that means it will certainly happen because Yahweh said it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/19.md b/oba/01/19.md index 00d629bb0a..e992eb3383 100644 --- a/oba/01/19.md +++ b/oba/01/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:samaria]] +In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom. -## translationNotes +# Those from the Negev will possess the mount of Esau -* **they will possess** - The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "those of the Shepelah" or 2) those who live in the mountains of Israel surrounding Jerusalem. -* **Benjamin ** - "the tribe of Benjamin" or "the people of Benjamin" +"The Israelites in the Negev will take the land of the Edomites" + +# those of the Shepelah + +This refers to Israelites in the western foothills of Israel who will capture the land of the Philistines in battle. + +# They will possess + +Here "They" appears to refer to the people of Israel in general. + +# Benjamin + +"the tribe of Benjamin" or "the descendants of Benjamin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/20.md b/oba/01/20.md index 46219e42cf..f76c94b1f1 100644 --- a/oba/01/20.md +++ b/oba/01/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:esau]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom. -## translationNotes +# The exiles of this host of the people of Israel -* **The exiles of this host of the people of Israel** - "Those of the host of the people of Israel who were in exile" -* **host** - a very large group of people -* **Zarephath** - the name of a Phoenician city on the coast of the Mediterranean between Tyre and Sidon (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Sepharad** - the name of a place whose location is unknown. +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the exiles taken to Assyria from the northern kingdom of Israel or 2) this refers to the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem and were taken to exile in Babylon. + +# host + +a very large group of people + +# as far as Zarephath + +Zarephath was a Phoenician city north of Israel on the coast of the Mediterranean between Tyre and Sidon. At: "as far north as Zarephath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The exiles of Jerusalem + +This group is contrasted with either the Israelites from the northern kingdom, or with the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem. + +# Sepharad + +This is the name of a place whose location is unknown. Some experts suggest it refers to the city of Sardis in the region of Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Deliverers will go up to Mount Zion to rule over the hill country of Esau + +"Deliverers will go up to Jerusalem and rule over Edom from there" + +# Deliverers + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to various Israelite military leaders whom God will use to defeat the nation of Edom or 2) the text should read "Those who will be delivered" and refers to the returning Jewish exiles. + +# the kingdom will belong to Yahweh + +This phrase emphasizes that Yahweh will personally rule over the kingdom. AT: "Yahweh will be their king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/front/intro.md b/oba/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e215ab4bf --- /dev/null +++ b/oba/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Introduction to Obadiah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +===Outline of the Book of Obadiah=== + +1. God's judgments on the nation of Edom + - The destruction of Edom is predicted (1:1–4) + - The complete desolation and destruction of the city is predicted (1:5–9) + - The hatred of Edom for Israel (1:10–14) + - Edom and the other nations will be punished (1:15–16) +1. God promises to rescue his people; they will live in their land again (1:17–19) +1. Yahweh promises to restore his kingdom (1:20–21) + +#### What is the Book of Obadiah about? #### + +After Jerusalem was destroyed, the Edomites captured fleeing people and gave them to Babylon. The Edomites came under Yahweh's judgment for mistreating the children of Israel. The book was intended to give comfort to the people of Judah in exile. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title, "The Book of Obadiah," in a way that is more clear to the readers. They may decide to call it, "The Sayings of Obadiah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Obadiah? #### + +Obadiah probably wrote this book. We know nothing more about the writer than that his name in Hebrew means, "Servant of Yahweh." + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## +===What was Edom's relationship to Israel?=== + +Obadiah refers to Edom as Israel's brother. This is because the Edomites were descendants of Esau, while the Israelite's were descendants of Jacob (Esau's brother). This made Edom's betray of Israel much worse. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How do I translate the concept of "pride"? #### + +Pride is a major issue in Obadiah. This word is usually used in reference to people. When Obadiah speaks about the "pride" of Edom, this means that the nation thought they were more powerful than Yahweh and that he would not or was not able to punish them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/01.md b/phm/01/01.md index 13427aba29..740831de46 100644 --- a/phm/01/01.md +++ b/phm/01/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Three times Paul identifies himself as the author of this letter. Evidently Timothy was with him and probably wrote the words down as Paul said them. Paul greets others who meet for church at Philemon's house. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This book is a letter that Paul wrote to a man named Philemon. -* **Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy our brother, to Philemon** - Your language may have a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter. This could be translated as “We, Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy, our brother, write this letter to Philemon.” -* **a prisoner of Christ Jesus** - "who is in prison for teaching about Jesus Christ." People who did not like Jesus punished Paul by putting him in prison. -* **our beloved brother** - "our dear fellow believer" or "our spiritual brother whom we love" -* **and fellow-worker** - worker** - "who, like us, works to spread the gospel" -* **Apphia, our sister** - This means "Apphia, our fellow believer" or "Apphia, our spiritual sister" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Archippus** - This is the name of man. -* **our fellow-soldier** - soldier** - Here "soldier" is a metaphor that describes a person who struggles to spread the Gospel. This may be translated as "our fellow-spiritual warrior" or "who also fights the spiritual battle with us." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the church in your house** - "the group of believers that meets in your house" (UDB) -* **your house** - The word "your" is singular and refers to Philemon. -* **Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ** - "May God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ give you grace and peace." This is a blessing. The word "you" is plural and refers to all the people Paul greeted in verses 1 and 2. +All instances of "I," "me," and "my" refer to Paul. Philemon is the main person to whom this letter is written. All instances of "you" and "your" refer to him and are singular unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and the brother Timothy to Philemon + +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter. AT: "I, Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy, our brother, are writing this letter to Philemon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# a prisoner of Christ Jesus + +"a prisoner for the sake of Christ Jesus." People who opposed Paul's preaching had punished him by putting him into prison. + +# brother + +Here this means a fellow Christian. + +# Philemon, our dear friend ... Apphia our sister ... Archippus our fellow soldier + +The word "our" here refers to Paul and those with him but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# and fellow worker + +"who, like us, works to spread the gospel" + +# Apphia our sister + +Here "sister" means she was a believer, and not a relative. AT: "Apphia our fellow believer" or "Apphia our spiritual sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Archippus + +This is the name of a man in the church with Philemon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# our fellow soldier + +Paul speaks here of Archippus as if they were both soldiers in an army. He means that Archippus works hard, as Paul himself works hard, to spread the gospel. AT: "our fellow spiritual warrior" or "who also fights the spiritual battle with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May grace be to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ + +"May God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ give you grace and peace." This is a blessing. + +# God our Father + +The word "our" here refers to Paul, those with him, and the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# our Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/04.md b/phm/01/04.md index 7fbe673b56..19eb7ae46d 100644 --- a/phm/01/04.md +++ b/phm/01/04.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] +The word "us" is plural and refers to Paul, those with him, and all Christians, including the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# that the fellowship of your faith -* **I thank my God always, making mention of you in my prayers** - "When I pray for you, I always thank God (UDB). -* **I** - Paul wrote this letter. The words "I" and "me" in this letter all refer to Paul. -* **you** - Here and in most of the letter, the word "you" refers to Philemon. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **that your participation in the faith may be effective for the knowledge** - This could also be translated as "that your trusting in Christ as we do will make you able to know" or "that because you joined us in trusting in Christ, you will be able to know" -* **your participation in the faith** - "because you trust in Christ the same as we do" (UDB) -* **that is in us in Christ** - The most likely meaning is "that we have because of Christ." -* **the hearts of the saints have been refreshed by you** - Here the word "hearts" refers to the courage of the believers. Also, "have been refreshed" is a passive clause. This could be translated as an active clause: "you have encouraged the believers." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **brother** - Paul called Philemon "brother" because they were both believers. He was also probably emphasizing their friendship. It can also be translated here as "dear brother" or "dear friend." +"that your working together with us" + +# be effective for the knowledge of everything good + +"result in knowing what is good" + +# in Christ + +"because of Christ" + +# the hearts of the believers have been refreshed by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you encouraged believers" or "you have helped the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# brother + +"dear brother" or "dear friend." Paul called Philemon "brother" because they were both believers and he emphasizing their friendship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/08.md b/phm/01/08.md index b437d6c4f3..ec3e44e894 100644 --- a/phm/01/08.md +++ b/phm/01/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:bold]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Paul begins his plea and the reason for his letter. -## translationNotes +# all the boldness in Christ -* **all the boldness in Christ** - Possible meanings are "authority because of Christ" or "courage because of Christ." This can also be translated as "authority because I am an apostle of Christ." -* **yet for love's sake I am asking you instead** - "but because of love I would rather ask you" -* **for love's sake** - Possible meanings are 1) "because I know that you love God's people" (UDB), 2) "because you love me," or 3) "because I love you." -* **being such a one as Paul the old man, and now also a prisoner because of Christ Jesus** - These are reasons for Philemon to do what Paul was about to ask him to do. It can also be translated as "because I am Paul, I am an old man, and I am now a prisoner because of Christ Jesus." +Possible meanings are 1) "authority because of Christ" or 2) "courage because of Christ." AT: "courage because Christ has given me authority" + +# yet because of love + +Possible meanings: 1) "because I know that you love God's people" 2) "because you love me" or 3) "because I love you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/10.md b/phm/01/10.md index b6b346dd16..eafb4666a9 100644 --- a/phm/01/10.md +++ b/phm/01/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] +Onesimus is the name of a man. He was apparently Philemon's slave and had stolen something and ran away. -## translationNotes +# my child Onesimus -* **Onesimus** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **my child Onesimus** - "my son Onesimus." Paul compared his close relationship with Onesimus to the relationship that a father and his son have. Onesimus was not Paul's actual son, but he received spiritual life when Paul taught him about Jesus, and Paul loved him. This can be translated as “my dear son Onesimus” or "my spiritual son Onesimus." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **whom I have fathered** - This can be translated as "who became a son to me" or "who became like a son to me." How Onesimus became like a son to Paul can be made explicit: "who became my spiritual son when I taught him about Christ and he received new life." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in my bonds** - "in my chains." This can be translated as "while being in prison." Prisoners were often bound in chains. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus, and he was still in prison when he wrote this letter. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who once was unprofitable** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "Before he was useless." -* **but now is profitable** - "but now he is is useful." Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Onesimus means 'profitable' or 'useful'." -* **I have sent him, himself, back to you** - "I have sent Onesimus back to you". Since Paul was probably writing the letter just before sending Onesimus, it could also be translated as "I am sending him back to you" (UDB). -* **him who is my very heart** - Here the word "heart" is used for someone who is dearly loved. This phrase could be translated as "whom I love dearly." Paul was saying this about Onesimus. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **whom I would rather have kept with me** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "I would rather have kept him with me." -* **that on your behalf he might help me** - "that, since you cannot be here, he might help me." It could also be translated as a separate sentence: He would be helping me in your place." -* **who am in chains** - This can also be translated as "while I am in prison" or "because I am in prison." -* **for the gospel** - This can be translated here as "because I preach the gospel." +"my son Onesimus." Paul speaks of the way he is friends with Onesimus as if it were the way a father and his son love each other. Onesimus was not Paul's actual son, but he received spiritual life when Paul taught him about Jesus, and Paul loved him. AT: "my spiritual son Onesimus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Onesimus + +The name "Onesimus" means "profitable" or "useful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# whom I have fathered in my chains + +Here "fathered" is a metaphor that means Paul converted Onesimus to Christ. AT: "who became my spiritual son when I taught him about Christ and he received new life while I was in my chains" or "who became like a son to me while I was in my chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in my chains ... while I am in chains + +Prisoners were often bound in chains. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. AT: "while I was in prison ... while I am in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have sent him back to you + +Paul was probably sending Onesimus with another believer who carried this letter. + +# who is my very heart + +Here the word "heart" is used for someone who is dearly loved. Paul was saying this about Onesimus. AT: "whom I love dearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so he could serve me for you + +"so that, since you cannot be here, he might help me" or "so that he could help me in your place" + +# for the sake of the gospel + +Paul was in prison because he preached the gospel publicly. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "because I preach the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/14.md b/phm/01/14.md index e1758dd76e..3aa994e913 100644 --- a/phm/01/14.md +++ b/phm/01/14.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# But I did not want to do anything without your consent -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Paul states a double negative to mean the opposite. AT: "But I wanted to keep him with me only if you approved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# I did not want your good deed to be from necessity but from good will -* **But without your consent I did not want to do anything** - "But I did not want to keep him here without your approval" or "But I wanted to keep him with me only if you approved" -* **your...you** - In verses 14-16 these pronouns are singular and refer to Philemon (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **so that your goodness should not be as forced** - This can be translated as "so that you will do what is right, not because I am forcing you." -* **but as free will** - "but because you want to" or "but because you freely choose to do the right thing" -* **perhaps he was separated from you** - This passive clause could be translated as an active clause: "perhaps God took Onesimus away from you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **perhaps** - "maybe" -* **for a while** - "during this time" -* **more than a slave** - "better than a slave" or "more valuable than a slave" -* **a beloved brother** - "a dear brother" or "a precious brother" -* **a brother** - "a brother in Christ" -* **and yet how much even more so to you** - "and certainly even more to you" -* **in the flesh** - This can be translated as "as a man" or "in your human relationship." This human relationship can be stated more explicitly: "because he is your slave." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **and in the Lord** - This can be translated as "and as a brother in the Lord" or "and because he belongs to the Lord." +"I did not want you to do this good deed because I commanded you to do it, but because you wanted to do it" + +# but from good will + +"but because you freely chose to do the right thing" + +# Perhaps for this he was separated from you for a time, so that + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Perhaps the reason God took Onesimus away from you for a time was so that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for a time + +"during this time" + +# better than a slave + +"more valuable than a slave" + +# a beloved brother + +"a dear brother" or "a precious brother in Christ" + +# much more so to you + +"he means even more to you" + +# in both the flesh + +"both as a man." Paul is referring to Onesimus' being a trustworthy servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the Lord + +"as a brother in the Lord" or "because he belongs to the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/17.md b/phm/01/17.md index 2d9b9f8e6e..057f3d65fb 100644 --- a/phm/01/17.md +++ b/phm/01/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# if you have me as a partner -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +"if you think of me as a fellow worker for Christ" -## translationNotes +# charge that to me -* **If then you regard me a partner** - "If you think of me as a fellow worker for Christ" -* **charge that to my own account** - This can be translated as "charge it to me" or "say that I am the one who owes you." -* **I, Paul, write with mine own hand** - This could be translated as "I, Paul, write this myself." Paul wrote this so that Philemon would know that the words were true; Paul really would pay him. -* **I will repay it** - "I will pay you what he owes you" -* **I do not mention to you** - This can be translated as "I do not need to remind you" or "You know." -* **you owe me your very life** - "you owe me your own life." The reason Philemon owed Paul his life can be made explicit: "you owe me much because I saved your life" or "you owe me your own life because what I told you saved your life." Paul was implying that Philemon should not say that Onesimus or Paul owed him anything because Onesimus owed Paul even more. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **refresh my heart** - This can be translated as "make my heart glad" or "make me glad" or "comfort me." How Paul wanted Onesimus to do this can be made explicit: "refresh my heart by accepting Onesimus kindly." +"say that I am the one who owes you" + +# I, Paul, write this with my own hand + +"I, Paul, write this myself." Paul wrote this part with his own hand so that Philemon would know that the words were really from Paul. Paul really would pay him. + +# not to mention + +"I do not need to remind you" or "You already know." Paul says he does not need to tell Philemon this, but then continues to tell him anyway. This emphasizes the truth of what Paul is telling him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# you owe me your own self + +"you owe me your own life." Paul was implying that Philemon should not say that Onesimus or Paul owed him anything because Philemon owed Paul even more. The reason Philemon owed Paul his life can be made explicit. AT: "you owe me much because I saved your life" or "you owe me your own life because what I told you saved your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# refresh my heart + +Here "refresh" is a metaphor for comfort or encourage. How Paul wanted Philemon to do this can be made explicit. AT: "encourage me" or "comfort me" or "refresh my heart by accepting Onesimus kindly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/21.md b/phm/01/21.md index f7719f91b3..6f70684531 100644 --- a/phm/01/21.md +++ b/phm/01/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Paul closes his letter and gives a blessing on Philemon and the believers that met for church in Philemon's house. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Having confidence in your obedience** - "Because I am sure that you will do what I ask" -* **your obedience … writing to you, … you will do"** - Paul was writing this to Philemon. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **knowing** - "and I know" -* **what I say** - "what I ask" -* **By the way** - "Also" -* **prepare a guest room for me** - "make a room in your house ready for me." Paul asked Philemon to do this. -* **through your prayers … to come to you** - The words "your" and "you" here refer to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **through your prayers** - This can be translated as "as a result of your prayers" or "because you all are praying for me." -* **I shall be allowed to come to you** - This can be translated as an active clause: "God will allow me to go to you" or "God will make those who are keeping me in prison to set me free so that I can go to you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the words "your" and "you" are plural and refer to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Confident about your obedience + +"Because I am sure that you will do what I ask" + +# At the same time + +"Also" + +# prepare a guest room for me + +"make a room in your house ready for me." Paul asked Philemon to do this for him. + +# I will be given back to you + +"those who are keeping me in prison will set me free so that I can go to you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/23.md b/phm/01/23.md index c7d969e02a..ab1ff42a43 100644 --- a/phm/01/23.md +++ b/phm/01/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Epaphras -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johnmark]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:luke]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This is a fellow believer and prisoner with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus -* **Epaphras,…Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, Luke** - These are names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **my fellow-prisoner in Christ Jesus** - prisoner in Christ Jesus** - "who is in prison with me because he serves Christ Jesus" -* **greets you** - The word "you" refers to Philemon. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **and so do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, Luke, my fellow-workers.** - workers.** - This means "and my fellow workers Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke also greet you." -* **my fellow-workers** - workers** - This can be translated as "the men who work with me" or "who all work with me." -* **May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.** - This can be translated as "May our Lord Jesus Christ be kind to your spirit." -* **your spirit** - The word "your" here refers to Philemon and all who met in his house. The word "spirit" here refers to the whole person; The phrase can be translated as "you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) +"who is in prison with me because he serves Christ Jesus" + +# So do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers + +"Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers, also greet you" + +# Mark ... Aristarchus ... Demas ... Luke + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# my fellow workers + +"the men who work with me" or "who all work with me." + +# May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit + +The word "your" here refers to Philemon and all who met in his house. The words "your spirit" are a synecdoche and represent the people themselves. AT: "May our Lord Jesus Christ be kind to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/front/intro.md b/phm/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdb42344a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/phm/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Introduction to Philemon # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Philemon #### + +1. Paul greets Philemon (1:1-3) +1. Paul makes requests of Philemon about Onesimus (1:4-21) +1. Conclusion (1:22-25) + +#### What is the Book of Philemon about? #### + +Paul writes this letter to a man named Philemon. Philemon was a Christian who lived in the city of Colossae. He owned a slave named Onesimus. Onesimus had run away from his owner and in some way was able to visit Paul in prison. + +Paul tells Philemon that he is sending Onesimus back to him, and says that Philemon should welcome him back as a brother in Christ. By Roman law, Philemon had the right to put Onesimus to death. But Paul argues that Philemon should accept Onesimus back as a Christian brother and even suggests that Onesimus should be allowed to come back to Paul and help him in prison. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Philemon." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to Philemon" or "The Letter Paul wrote to Philemon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Does this letter approve of the practice of slavery? #### + +While Paul instructs Onesimus to return to his former master, this does not mean that he regarded slavery as an acceptable practice. Instead, Paul's lesson focuses on the importance of serving God no matter the circumstances in which people find themselves. + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Philemon. The two exceptions to this are 1:22 and 1:25. There "you" refers to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/01.md b/php/01/01.md index 0a16b5ee9d..5784d3944b 100644 --- a/php/01/01.md +++ b/php/01/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deacon]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:overseer]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:philippi]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Paul and Timothy wrote this letter to the church at Philippi. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Paul and Timothy** - If your language has a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter, use it here. AT: "From Paul and Timothy" or "We, Paul and Timothy, wrote this letter" -* **servants of Christ Jesus** - “We are servants of Christ Jesus” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **to all the ones set apart in Christ Jesus** - "to all the believers in Christ Jesus" -* **the overseers and deacons** - AT: "the leaders of the church" -* **Grace to you** - This is a way to wish a blessing upon other people. -* **to you** - Here “you” refers to the believers in the Philippian church. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **God our Father** - Here "our" probably refers to all believers in Christ, including Paul, Timothy, and the Philippian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +Because Paul writes later in the letter saying "I," it is generally assumed that he is the author and that Timothy, who is with him, writes as Paul speaks. All instances of "you" and "your" in the letter refer to the believers in the Philippian church and are plural. The word "our" probably refers to all believers in Christ, including Paul, Timothy, and the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Paul and Timothy ... and deacons + +If your language has a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter, use it here. + +# Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus + +"Timothy, who are servants of Christ Jesus" + +# to all those set apart in Christ Jesus + +"to all the believers in Christ Jesus" + +# the overseers and deacons + +"the leaders of the church" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/03.md b/php/01/03.md index 1e4921b8a3..c2f1c363d1 100644 --- a/php/01/03.md +++ b/php/01/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I give thanks for your fellowship in the gospel -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +Paul is expressing thanks to God that the Philippians are also preaching the gospel. AT: "I give thanks to God that you are proclaiming the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I am confident -* **I thank...I pray...I give thanks** - Here "I" refers to Paul. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_singularpronouns]]) -* **you** - Here "you" refers to the Philippian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **I give thanks for your fellowship in the gospel ** - Paul is expressing thanks to God that the Philippians are also preaching the gospel. AT: "I give thanks to God for you proclaiming the gospel" -* **I am confident** - "I am sure" -* **he who began** - "the God who began" or "God who began" -* **will complete it** - "will continue to complete it" +"I am sure" + +# he who began + +"God, who began" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/07.md b/php/01/07.md index 5df0dae364..69277f5a62 100644 --- a/php/01/07.md +++ b/php/01/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It is right for me -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"It is proper for me" or "It is good for me" -## translationNotes +# I have you in my heart -* **It is right for me** - "It is proper for me" or "It is good for me" -* **I have you in my heart** - AT: "I love you very much" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **have been my partners in grace** - AT: "have been partakers of grace with me" or "share in grace with me" -* **God is my witness** - AT: "God knows" or "God understands" -* **in the depths of the love of Christ Jesus** - The phrase "in the depths of the love" refers to the place inside of us where our emotions come from. AT: "with all the love that Christ Jesus has given me" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This idiom expresses strong affection. AT: "I love you very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have been my partners in grace + +"have been partakers of grace with me" or "have shared in grace with me" + +# God is my witness + +"God knows" or "God understands" + +# with the compassion of Christ Jesus + +The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with the verb "love." AT: "and I love you as Christ Jesus dearly loves us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/09.md b/php/01/09.md index d10c899ab9..f9010b6a1b 100644 --- a/php/01/09.md +++ b/php/01/09.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +Paul prays for the believers in Philippi and talks about the joy there is in suffering for the Lord. -## translationNotes +# may abound -* **may abound** - "may overflow" -* **in knowledge and complete understanding** - AT: "as you learn and understand more clearly what pleases God" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I do this** - "I pray this" -* **the things that are excellent** - AT: "what is most pleasing to God" -* **sincere and without offense** - The words "sincere" and "without offense" mean basically the same thing. Paul combines them to emphasize moral purity. AT: "completely blameless" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **in the day of Christ** - "in the day of the Lord" or "on the day of judgement" -* **Also** - "I also pray" -* **you will be filled** - AT: "Jesus Christ may cause you to obey God more and more" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **filled with the fruits of righteousness** - This compares fruit growing on a tree to a believer obeying God more and more. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **to the glory and praise of God** - This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "Then people will praise and give honor to God because of the good things they see you do" +Paul speaks of love as if it were objects that people could obtain more of. AT: "may increase" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in knowledge and all understanding + +Here "understanding" means about God and can be made explicit. AT: "as you learn and understand more about what pleases God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# approve + +This refers to examining things and taking only those that are good. AT: "test and choose" + +# what is excellent + +"what is most pleasing to God" + +# sincere and without offense + +The words "sincere" and "without offense" mean basically the same thing. Paul combines them to emphasize moral purity. AT: "completely blameless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you also will be filled + +Paul is speaking of the believers as if they were containers that could be filled with fruit. AT: "This is also so that Jesus Christ may cause you to obey God more and more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes + +The good deeds of a believer whom God has declared good please God as does the way fruit growing on a tree is sweet to those who eat it. AT: "able to please God and other people by the way you live now that God has forgiven your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the glory and praise of God + +Possible meanings are 1) "Then other people will see how you honor God" or 2) "Then people will praise and give honor to God because of the good things they see you do." These alternate translations would require a new sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/12.md b/php/01/12.md index 1b273742e6..42e35ebf22 100644 --- a/php/01/12.md +++ b/php/01/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bold]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul says that two things have happened because of "the progress of the gospel": many people inside and outside the palace have found out why he is in prison, and other Christians are no longer afraid to proclaim the good news. -## translationNotes +# Now I want -* **Now I want** - Here the word "now" is used to mark a new part of the letter. -* **that the things which happened to me** - Paul is talking about his time in prison. AT: "that the things I suffered because I was put into prison for preaching about Jesus" ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **have advanced the progress of the gospel** - AT: "have caused more people to believe in Christ" -* ** my bonds in Christ** - AT: "my imprisonment because of my preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ" -* ** my bonds in Christ became known...to everyone else** - AT: "the palace guards and many other people in Rome know I am here because I tell others about Christ" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **palace guards** - This is a group of soldiers that helped protect the Roman emperor. -* **And also so that most of the brothers...speak the word of God** - AT: "Also, because of my imprisonment, most of the brothers in the Lord speak the word of God" -* **with more boldness and without fear** - Paul expresses the same idea both positively and negatively to emphasize the great courage that they showed by preaching in dangerous circumstances. AT: "with great boldness and courage" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here the word "Now" is used to mark a new part of the letter. + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women, because all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father. + +# that what has happened to me + +Paul is talking about his time in prison. AT: "that the things I suffered because I was put into prison for preaching about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has really served to advance the gospel + +"has caused more people to hear the gospel" + +# my chains in Christ came to light + +"Chains in Christ" is a metonym for being in prison for the sake of Christ. "Came to light" is a metaphor for "became known." AT: "It became known that I am in prison for the sake of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my chains in Christ came to light ... guard ... everyone else + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the palace guards and many other people in Rome know that I am in chains for the sake of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my chains in Christ + +Here Paul uses the preposition "in" to mean "for the sake of." AT: "my chains for the sake of Christ" or "my chains because I teach people about Christ" + +# my chains + +Here the word "chains" is a metonym for imprisonment. AT: "my imprisonment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# palace guard + +This is a group of soldiers that helped protect the Roman emperor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/15.md b/php/01/15.md index eefb430c4e..932542dfaf 100644 --- a/php/01/15.md +++ b/php/01/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Some indeed even proclaim Christ -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:strife]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +"Some people preach the good news about Christ" -## translationNotes +# out of envy and strife -* **Some indeed even proclaim Christ** - AT: "Some people preach the good news about Christ" -* **out of envy and strife** - AT: "because they do not want people listening to me and they want to cause trouble" -* **and others also out of good will** - AT: "but other people do it because they are kind and they want to help" -* **The ones who** - "The people who" -* **I have been assigned** - AT: "God chose me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to defend the gospel** - AT: "to teach everyone that the message of Jesus is true" -* **But the others proclaim Christ** - "But other people teach about Christ" -* **out of selfish and insincere motives. They think they are adding to the affliction I suffer in my imprisonment** - AT: "not because they love Jesus, but because they think they are causing me more trouble while I am in prison" +"because they do not want people listening to me, and they want to cause trouble" + +# and also others out of good will + +"but other people do it because they are kind and they want to help" + +# The latter + +"Those who proclaim Christ out of good will" + +# I am put here for the defense of the gospel + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are AT: 1) "God chose me to defend the gospel" or 2) "I am in prison because I defend the gospel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the defense of the gospel + +"to teach everyone that the message of Jesus is true" + +# But the former + +"But the others" or "But the ones who proclaim Christ out of envy and strife" + +# while I am in chains + +Here the phrase "in chains" is a metonym for imprisonment. AT: "while I am imprisoned" or "while I am in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/18.md b/php/01/18.md index 8ca7c9501a..b9b259b844 100644 --- a/php/01/18.md +++ b/php/01/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# What then? -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul uses this question to tell how he feels about the situation he wrote about in [Philippians 15-17](./15.md). Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means "It does not matter." or 2) the words "shall I think about this" are understood as part of the question. AT: "What then shall I think about this?" or "This is what I think about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# Only that in every way—whether from false motives or from true—Christ is proclaimed -* **So what** - Paul is stating that it is not important why some of them are teaching about Jesus. AT: "I do not care" -* **Either way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed** - AT: "As long as people preach about Christ, it does not matter if they do it for good reasons or for bad reasons" -* **I rejoice in that** - AT: "I am happy because people are preaching about Jesus" -* **yes indeed** - AT: "absolutely" or "certainly" -* **I will rejoice** - "I will celebrate" or "I will be glad" -* **this will lead to my deliverance** - AT: "God will free me from prison" -* **because of your prayers and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ** - AT: "because you are praying and the Spirit of Jesus Christ is helping me" -* **Spirit of Jesus Christ** - AT: "Holy Spirit" +"As long as people preach about Christ, it does not matter if they do it for good reasons or for bad reasons" + +# in this I rejoice + +"I am happy because people are preaching about Jesus" + +# I will rejoice + +"I will celebrate" or "I will be glad" + +# this will result in my deliverance + +"because people proclaim Christ, God will deliver me" + +# in my deliverance + +The exact meaning of "deliverance," what God will deliver Paul from, is not clear. Possible meanings are that 1) Paul was referring to being helped out of a bad situation or 2) Paul was referring specifically to being set free from prison. + +# through your prayers and the help of the Spirit of Jesus Christ + +"because you are praying and the Spirit of Jesus Christ is helping me" + +# Spirit of Jesus Christ + +"Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/20.md b/php/01/20.md index 3102eba9de..85d8fdd55e 100644 --- a/php/01/20.md +++ b/php/01/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It is according to my eager expectation and certain hope -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] +Here the phrases "eager expectation" and "certain hope" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how strong his expectation is. AT: "I am completely convinced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# and yet with all boldness, now as always, Christ will be exalted -* **It is my confident expectation and certainty** - Here the words "confident expectation" and "certainty" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how strong his expectation is. AT: "I am completely convinced" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **But with all courage, as always and especially right now** - AT: "But I will have enough courage right now, as I have always had" -* **I will bring glory to Christ in my body** - Paul uses the physical "body" to represent his life or the way he lives. AT: "so that I will honor Christ with all that I do" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **whether by life or by death** - AT: "if I go on living or if I die" -* **For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain** - AT: "Because if I go on living, I will live for Christ, and if I die, that is even better" +This is part of Paul's expectation and hope. AT: "but I expect and hope that with all boldness, now as always, Christ will be exalted" + +# with all boldness, now as always, Christ + +"I will be very bold now, as I always have been, and Christ" + +# Christ will be exalted in my body + +The phrase "my body" is a metonym for what Paul does with his body. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "I will honor Christ by what I do" or 2) "people will praise Christ because of what I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whether by life or by death + +"if I go on living or if I die" + +# For to me + +These words are emphatic. They indicate that this is Paul's personal experience. + +# to live is Christ + +Here pleasing and serving Christ is spoken of as Paul's only purpose for living. AT: "to go on living is an opportunity to please Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to die is gain + +Here death is spoken of as "gain." Possible meanings for "gain" are 1) Paul's death will help spread the message of the gospel or 2) Paul will be in a better situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/22.md b/php/01/22.md index de0f22dd97..93aced984a 100644 --- a/php/01/22.md +++ b/php/01/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But if I am to live in the flesh -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] +The word "flesh" here is a metonym for the body, and "living in the flesh" is a metonym for being alive. AT: "But if I am to remain alive in my body" or "But if I continue to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Yet which to choose? -* **But if to live in the flesh produces fruit from my labor** - The word "fruit" here refers to the good results of Paul's work. AT: "But if living in my physical body gives me more chances to encourage people to believe in Christ" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For I am pulled by both of these choices** - AT: "I am under tension, if I should choose to live or to die" -* **I have the desire to depart and be with Christ** - AT: "I would like to die because I will go to be with Christ" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Yet to remain in the flesh is more necessary for your sake** - AT: "Yet to live on in my physical body is more helpful to you" +"But which should I choose?" + +# that means fruitful labor for me + +The word "fruit" here refers to the good results of Paul's work. AT: "that means I will be able to work and my work will produce good results" or "then I will have more chances to encourage people to believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For I am hard pressed between the two + +Paul speaks of how hard it is for him to choose between living and dying as if two heavy objects, like rocks or logs, were pushing on him from opposite sides at the same time. Your language might prefer the objects to pull rather than push. AT: "I am under tension. I do not know if I should choose to live or to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My desire is to depart and be with Christ + +Paul uses a euphemism here to show that he is not afraid of dying. AT: "I would like to die because I will go to be with Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/25.md b/php/01/25.md index 5d172ff653..5698dcb24f 100644 --- a/php/01/25.md +++ b/php/01/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Being convinced of this -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +"Since I am sure that it is better for you that I stay alive" -## translationNotes +# I know that I will remain -* **Since I am confident about this** - "Since I am sure of this" -* **I know that I will remain** - "I know that I will continue to live" or "I know that I will keep on living" -* **and that I will continue with you all** - "and that I will keep on serving all of you" -* **As a result, you should be proud of me in Christ Jesus when I am present with you again** - AT: "So, when I come to you again, you will be proud of me because of what I have done for Christ Jesus" -* **Only conduct your lives in a manner worthy** - "Only live your lives in a way that is worthy" -* **stand firmly in one spirit, with one soul striving together** - These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of unity. The words "spirit" and "soul" refer to the mind and emotions. AT: "all have the same determined purpose and are working together with the same desire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for the faith of the gospel** - AT: "to spread the faith that is based on the gospel" or "to believe and live as the good news teaches us" (UDB) +"I know that I will continue to live" or "I know that I will keep on living" + +# so that in me + +"so that because of me" or "so that because of what I do" + +# that you are standing firm in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel + +The phrases "standing firm in one spirit" and "with one mind striving together" share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of unity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# with one mind striving together + +"striving together with one mind." Agreeing with one another is spoken of as having one mind. AT: "agreeing with one another and striving together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# striving together + +"working hard together" + +# for the faith of the gospel + +Possible meanings are 1) "to spread the faith that is based on the gospel" or 2) "to believe and live as the gospel teaches us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/28.md b/php/01/28.md index 431c96ef96..9bf94a0a1c 100644 --- a/php/01/28.md +++ b/php/01/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be frightened in any respect -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +This is a command to the Philippian believers. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# This is a sign to them of their destruction, but of your salvation—and this from God -* **And do not be frightened by anything** - This is a command to the Philippian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_sentences]]) -* **from those opposing you** - "from those who are against what you do” -* **which is for them a sign of their destruction but of your salvation, salvation that is from God** - AT: "because your courage will show them that God will destroy them, but God will save you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Because to you it has been granted on the behalf of Christ, not only to believe on him, but also to suffer in his behalf** - AT: "Because God has given you not only the honor of believing in Christ, but also the honor of suffering for him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **since you have to suffer the same conflict that you saw in me, and now hear to be in me** - AT: "That is why you are having the same struggles which you saw me have and you hear that I still have now" +"Your courage will show them that God will destroy them. It will also show you that God will save you" + +# and this from God + +"and this is from God." Possible meanings are the word "this" refers to 1) the believers' courage or 2) the sign or 3) destruction and salvation. + +# having the same conflict which you saw in me, and now you hear in me + +"suffering in the same way that you saw me suffer, and that you hear I am still suffering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/intro.md b/php/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25f8cac0a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/php/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Philippians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +It was possible at this time to begin an informal letter from a religious leader with a prayer. This is how Paul begins this letter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The day of Christ ##### +This is probably a reference to the day when Christ returns. It was common for Paul to connect the return of Christ with motivation for godly living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: Paul rejoices in his suffering. This is a counter-intuitive reaction to difficulties. Paul's statement, "to die is gain" is another apparent paradox. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Philippians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Philippians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/01.md b/php/02/01.md index ffcc8705f1..862fafab84 100644 --- a/php/02/01.md +++ b/php/02/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +Paul advises the believers to have unity and humility and reminds them of Christ's example. -## translationNotes +# If there is any encouragement in Christ -* **If there is therefore any…if any…if any…if any** - Paul is using the "if" constructions here to emphasize that all of these certainly do exist. AT: "Since there is..." -* **fellowship of the Spirit** - "fellowship with the Spirit" +"If Christ has encouraged you " + +# if there is any comfort from his love + +"if his love has given you any comfort" + +# if there is any fellowship of the Spirit + +"if you have fellowship with the Spirit" + +# if there are any tender mercies and compassions + +"if you have experienced many of God's acts of tender mercy and compassion" + +# make my joy full + +Paul speaks here of joy as if it were a container that can be filled. AT: "cause me to rejoice greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/03.md b/php/02/03.md index f7473efba0..05de04eeac 100644 --- a/php/02/03.md +++ b/php/02/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Do nothing out of selfishness or empty conceit -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +"Do not serve yourselves or think of yourselves as better than others" -## translationNotes +# Each of you should take care not only for your own needs, but also for the needs of others -* **Do nothing through selfishness or empty pride** - AT: "Never do anything that only makes you happy or makes you feel more important than other people" -* **in lowliness of mind count others** - Here the word "mind" refers to a person's attitude and how they think about other people. AT: "be humble and consider others" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Do not look out for each of your own needs** - AT: "Do not only be concerned with your own needs" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Do not care only about what you need, but also about what others need" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/05.md b/php/02/05.md index 8e41f9556c..7295d73ba0 100644 --- a/php/02/05.md +++ b/php/02/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Think in the way that was also in Christ Jesus -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"Have the same attitude that Christ Jesus had" or "Think about things the way Christ Jesus did" -## translationNotes +# he did not consider his equality with God as something to hold on to -* **Have this mind in you, which was also in Christ Jesus** - Here "mind" refers to a person's attitude or how they think. AT: "Have the same attitude as Christ Jesus" or "Think about things the way Christ Jesus did" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Paul is speaking here of equality with God the Father as if it were something that Christ could grasp with his hands. As the UDB makes clear, during Christ's time on earth, he did not cease to be God; instead, he ceased to act as God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he emptied himself + +Paul speaks of Christ as if he were a container in order to say that Christ refused to act with his divine powers during his ministry on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He was found in appearance as a man. He humbled + +The words "was found ... as" is an idiom for "was" or "became." "Having become a human being, he humbled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). Your language might have a similar idiom, such as "Everyone could see he was a human being. He humbled." + +# became obedient to the point of death + +Paul speaks of death here in a figurative way. The translator can understand it either as a metaphor of location (Christ went all the way to death) or as a metaphor of time (Christ was obedient even until the time that he died). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even death of a cross + +"even death on a cross" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/09.md b/php/02/09.md index 2457c9082a..b7ef7abf36 100644 --- a/php/02/09.md +++ b/php/02/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the name that is above every name -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Here "name" is a metonym that refers to rank or honor. AT: "the rank that is above any other rank" or "the honor that is above any other honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# above every name -* Paul continues to describe the attitude Jesus Christ had -* ** God highly exalted him** - "God highly exalted Jesus" -* **name above every name** - Here "name" refers to rank or honor. AT: "rank above any other rank" or "honor above any other honor" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **every knee** - Here "knee" refers to the whole person. AT: "every person" or "every being" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **under the earth** - This refers to the place where people go when they die, which is called "Hades," and also the place where demons dwell, which is called "the abyss." -* **every tongue** - Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. AT: "every person" or "every being" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The name is more important, more to be praised than any other name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the name of Jesus + +Possible meanings are 1) "when everyone hears the name Jesus" or 2) "in honor of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# every knee should bend + +Here "knee" refers to the whole person, and bending the knee to kneel on the ground is a metonym for worship. AT: "every person will worship God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# under the earth + +Possible meanings are 1) the place where people go when they die or 2) the place where demons dwell. + +# every tongue + +Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. AT: "every person" or "every being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to the glory of God the Father + +Here the word "to" expresses result: "with the result that they will praise God the Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/12.md b/php/02/12.md index 1fe9738d2b..f05df88cf3 100644 --- a/php/02/12.md +++ b/php/02/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Paul encourages the Philippian believers and shows them how to live the Christian life before others and reminds them of his example. -## translationNotes +# my beloved -* **my beloved** - AT: "my dear fellow believers" -* **in my presence** - AT: "when I am there with you" -* **in my absence** - AT: "when I am not there with you" -* **work out your own salvation** - AT: "continue obeying God" -* **fear and trembling** - The words "fear" and "trembling" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize reverence before God. AT: "deep reverence" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* ** both to will and to work** - God both motivates us and enables us to do his work. +"my dear fellow believers" + +# in my presence + +"when I am there with you" + +# in my absence + +"when I am not there with you" + +# work out your own salvation + +"continue obeying God" + +# with fear and trembling + +The words "fear" and "trembling" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize reverence before God. AT: "trembling with fear" or "with deep reverence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# both to will and to work + +"God acts so that you will desire to obey him and then so that you will obey him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/14.md b/php/02/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index b0539b318a..0000000000 --- a/php/02/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:run]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:world]] - -## translationNotes - -* **blameless and honest** - Paul expresses the same idea using both positive and negative words. AT: "completely innocent" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **without blemish** - AT: "without fault" or "perfect" -* **shine as lights** - This compares believers living in a way that honors God among people who dishonor God to a light shining in the dark. AT: "live in a way that honors God" -* **in the world** - Here "world" refers to all values and behaviors that do not honor God. -* **crooked and depraved** - These two words mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how wicked the generation is. AT: "completely wicked" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **to glory** - "to rejoice" or "to be glad" -* **in the day of Christ** - This refers to when Jesus comes back to set up his kingdom and rule over the earth. AT: "when Christ returns" -* **I did not run in vain nor labor in vain** - The phrases "run in vain" and "labor in vain" here mean the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how hard he has worked to help the people believe in Christ. AT: "I did not work so hard for nothing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) diff --git a/php/02/17.md b/php/02/17.md index dfc4fde0cb..e0b97bc658 100644 --- a/php/02/17.md +++ b/php/02/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# But even if I am poured out as an offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I rejoice, and I rejoice with you all -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Paul speaks of his death as if he were a drink offering which is poured upon the animal sacrifice to honor God. What Paul means is that he would gladly die for the Philippians if that would make them more pleasing to God. Also, this can be expressed in active form. AT: "But, even if the Romans decide to execute me, I will greatly rejoice if my death will make your faith and obedience more pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# you also rejoice, and you rejoice with me -* **But even if my life is poured out as an offering upon the sacrifice and service of your faith, I rejoice with great joy with you all** - Paul is comparing his death with the Old Testament ritual where wine or olive oil is poured on top of or beside the animal sacrifice that a worshiper would offer to God. What Paul means is that he would gladly die for the Philippians if that would make them more pleasing to God. AT: "But, even if the Romans decide to execute me, I will greatly rejoice if my death will make your faith and obedience more pleasing to God" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **And in the same manner** - AT: "Likewise" -* **you also must rejoice with great joy with me** - The phrase "rejoice with great joy" is used for emphasis. AT: "I want you to greatly rejoice with me" +These two expressions together signal intense joy. AT: "I want you to greatly rejoice with me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/19.md b/php/02/19.md index 64ae29dbfd..0d1b30f3f2 100644 --- a/php/02/19.md +++ b/php/02/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul tells the Philippian believers about his plan to send Timothy soon and that they should treat Epaphroditus as special. -## translationNotes +# But I hope in the Lord Jesus -* **But I expect in the Lord Jesus** - AT: "But, if the Lord Jesus is willing, I expect" -* **For they all** - Here the word "they" refers to a group of people Paul does not feel he can trust to send to Philippi. Paul is also expressing his displeasure with the group, who should have been able to go, but Paul does not trust them to fulfill their mission. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +"But, if the Lord Jesus is willing, I hope" + +# For I have no one else with his same attitude + +"No one else here loves you as much as he does" + +# For they all + +Here the word "they" refers to a group of people Paul does not feel he can trust to send to Philippi. Paul is also expressing his displeasure with the group, who should have been able to go, but Paul does not trust them to fulfill their mission. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/22.md b/php/02/22.md index 4fdb5b987c..500571a821 100644 --- a/php/02/22.md +++ b/php/02/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# as a child serves his father, so he served with me -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Paul speaks of Timothy, who served Christ with Paul, as if he were a child serving his father. Paul is emphasizing the close father-son relationship he has with Timothy in serving Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# in the gospel -* **Timothy has proven himself** - AT: "Timothy has shown that he cares about the things of Christ" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **as a child serves his father, so he served with me** - Paul compares Timothy's service with him to a child serving his father. Paul is emphasizing the close father-son relationship he has with Timothy in serving Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **in the spread of the gospel** - AT: "in telling people about the gospel" -* **I am confident in the Lord that I myself will come soon, also** - AT: "I am sure, if it is the Lord's will, that I will also come soon" +Here "the gospel" stands for the activity of telling people about Jesus. AT: "in telling people about the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am confident in the Lord that I myself will also come soon + +"I am sure, if it is the Lord's will, that I will also come soon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/25.md b/php/02/25.md index 41371faf23..0ef9a2854f 100644 --- a/php/02/25.md +++ b/php/02/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Epaphroditus -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] +This is the name of a man sent by the Philippian church to minister to Paul in prison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# fellow worker and fellow soldier -* **Epaphroditus** - This is the name of a man sent by the Philippian church to minister to Paul in prison. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **fellow worker and fellow soldier** - Here “soldier” is comparing a person who fights physical battles with a believer who fights spiritual battles. Paul is emphasizing that a believer has to struggle against evil in order to spread the gospel. AT: "fellow believer who works and struggles along with us" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and your messenger and minister to my need** - AT: "and who brings your messages to me and helps me when I am in need" -* **he was deeply distressed and longed to be with you all** - AT: "he was very worried and wanted to be with you all" -* **sorrow upon sorrow** - AT: "sorrow added to the sorrow I already have from being in prison" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here Paul is speaking of Epaphroditus as if he were a soldier. He means that Epaphroditus is trained and is dedicated to serving God, no matter how great the hardship he must suffer. AT: "fellow believer who works and struggles along with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your messenger and servant for my needs + +"who brings your messages to me and helps me when I am in need" + +# he was very distressed, and he longed to be with you all + +"he was very worried and wanted to be with you all" + +# sorrow upon sorrow + +The cause of the sorrow can be made explicit. AT: "the sorrow of losing him added to the sorrow I already have from being in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/28.md b/php/02/28.md index 0e98a13b8f..c9b81135e5 100644 --- a/php/02/28.md +++ b/php/02/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I can be free from anxiety -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"I will be less anxious" or "I will not worry as much as I have been" -## translationNotes +# Welcome Epaphroditus -* **Welcome Epaphroditus** - "Receive Epaphroditus" -* **in the Lord with all joy** - AT: "as a fellow believer in the Lord with all joy" or "with the great joy we have because the Lord Jesus loves us" (UDB) -* **doing the work of Christ** - AT: "working for Christ" (UDB) -* **supply my needs** - AT: "provide what I needed" +"Gladly receive Epaphroditus" + +# in the Lord with all joy + +"as a fellow believer in the Lord with all joy" or "with the great joy we have because the Lord Jesus loves us" + +# he came near death + +Paul here speaks of death as if it were a place that one could go to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fill up what you could not do in service to me + +Paul speaks of his needs as if they were a container that Epaphroditus filled with good things for Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/intro.md b/php/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9eb875b24d --- /dev/null +++ b/php/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Philippians 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations, like the ULB, prefer to set apart the lines of 2:6-11. This is a description of the "mind of Christ." This is an important teaching on the person of Jesus. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Practical instructions ##### +This chapter contains many practical instructions that Paul gives to the church in Philippi. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "If any" ##### +This appears to be a type of hypothetical statement, but it is not because it is assumed to be true. The translator may also translate as "since." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Philippians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/01.md b/php/03/01.md index 39ce225242..9a71c6d381 100644 --- a/php/03/01.md +++ b/php/03/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +In order to warn his fellow believers about Jews who would try to get them to follow the old laws, Paul gives his own testimony about when he persecuted believers. -## translationNotes +# Finally, my brothers -* **Finally, my brothers** - "Now moving along, my brothers" or "concerning other matters my brothers" -* **rejoice in the Lord** - "Be happy because of all the Lord has done." -* **For me to write these same things to you is not a problem** - "I gladly write these same teachings to you" -* **and they will keep you safe** - The pronoun "they" refers to Paul's teachings. How they will keep the believers safe can be translated more explicitly "because these teachings will protect you from those who teach what is not true." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Watch out for** - "Beware of" or "Look out for" -* **the dogs…the evil workers…the mutilators** - These are three different ways of describing the same group of false teachers. -* **for the dogs** - The word "dogs" was used by the Jews to refer to those who were not Jews. They were considered unclean. Paul compares the false teachers to dogs as an insult. If you have a different animal in your culture that is considered unclean or used as an insult, you could use this animal instead. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the mutilators** - To "mutilate" means to butcher or to cut in a violent way. Paul is exaggerating about the act of circumcision to insult the false teachers. The false teachers said God will only save a person who is circumcised or cuts off the foreskin. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **For we are** - Paul uses "we" to refer to Himself and all true believers in Christ, including his the Philippian believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **the true circumcision** - Paul uses this phrase to refer to believers in Christ who are not physically circumcised but are spiritually circumcised, which means they have received the Holy Spirit through faith. This can be translated as "truly God's people." -* **have no confidence in the flesh** - "do not trust that just cutting our flesh will please God" +"Now moving along, my brothers" or "Concerning other matters, my brothers" + +# brothers + +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# rejoice in the Lord + +"be happy because of all the Lord has done" + +# For me to write these same things again to you is no trouble for me + +"It is no trouble for me to write these things again to you" + +# and it keeps you safe + +Here "these things" refers to Paul's teachings. You can add this alternate translation to the end of the previous sentence. AT: "because these teachings will protect you from those who teach what is not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Watch out for + +"Beware of" or "Look out for" + +# the dogs ... the evil workers ... those who mutilate the flesh + +These are three different ways of describing the same group of false teachers. Paul is using strong expressions to convey his feeling about these Jewish Christian teachers. + +# dogs + +The word "dogs" was used by the Jews to refer to those who were not Jews. They were considered unclean. Paul speaks of the false teachers as though they were dogs, to insult them. If you have a different animal in your culture that is considered unclean or whose name is used as an insult, you could use this animal instead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# mutilate + +Paul is exaggerating about the act of circumcision to insult the false teachers. The false teachers said God will only save a person who is circumcised, who cuts off the foreskin. This action was required by the law of Moses for all male Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For we are + +Paul uses "we" to refer to himself and all true believers in Christ, including the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# the circumcision + +Paul uses this phrase to refer to believers in Christ who are not physically circumcised but are spiritually circumcised, which means they have received the Holy Spirit through faith. "truly God's people" + +# have no confidence in the flesh + +"do not trust that only cutting our flesh will please God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/04.md b/php/03/04.md index 496c0aa32d..2c5083673b 100644 --- a/php/03/04.md +++ b/php/03/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Even so -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:pharisee]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +"Yet" or "However" -## translationNotes +# I myself could have confidence in the flesh. If anyone thinks he has confidence in the flesh, I could have even more -* **Even so** - "Yet" or "However" -* **I myself could have confidence in the flesh. If anyone thinks he has confidence in the flesh, I could have even more** - This is a hypothetical situation that Paul does not believe is possible. Paul says if it were possible that God would save people based on what they did, then God would have certainly saved him. This could be translated as "If anyone could have done enough things to please God, it would have been me" (UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **I myself** - Paul uses "myself" for emphasis. Alternate translation: "certainly I". -* **I was circumcised** - This can be translated with an active verb: "A priest circumcised me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the eighth day** - "seven days after I was born" (UDB). -* **a Hebrew of Hebrews** - "a Hebrew son with Hebrew parents" -* **in respect to the law, a Pharisee** - "as a Pharisee I was completely devoted to the law." +This is a hypothetical situation that Paul does not believe is possible. Paul says if it were possible that God would save people based on what they did, then God would certainly have saved him. AT: "No one can do enough things to please God, but if anyone could do enough things to please God, I could do more good things and please God more than anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# I myself + +Paul uses "myself" for emphasis. AT: "certainly I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# I was circumcised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A priest circumcised me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the eighth day + +"seven days after I was born" + +# a Hebrew of Hebrews + +Possible meanings are 1) "a Hebrew son with Hebrew parents" or 2) "the purest Hebrew." + +# with regard to the law, a Pharisee + +"as a Pharisee, I was completely devoted to the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/06.md b/php/03/06.md index ecfd669a5c..74e5462f9c 100644 --- a/php/03/06.md +++ b/php/03/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# As for zeal, I persecuted the church -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +Paul says here that he had been very eager to punish people for following Christ. "I was very determined to hurt Christian believers" -## translationNotes +# as for righteousness under the law, I was blameless -* **I zealously persecuted the church** - "I was very determined to hurt Christian believers" -* **was blameless in respect to the righteousness of the Law** - "obeyed the law completely" -* **I have counted them as worthless** - Paul concludes that all his religious acts of righteousness as being worthless before Christ. +"I obeyed the law completely" + +# whatever things were a profit for me + +Paul is referring here to the praise he received for being an eager Pharisee. He speaks of this praise as if he had viewed it in the past as a businessman's profit. AT: "anything that other Jews praised me for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I considered them as loss + +Paul speaks of that praise as if he were now viewing it as a business loss instead of a profit. In other words, Paul says that all his religious acts of righteousness are worthless before Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/08.md b/php/03/08.md index 31abf20fb7..95beb75d28 100644 --- a/php/03/08.md +++ b/php/03/08.md @@ -1,31 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# In fact -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +"Really" or "Truly" -## translationNotes +# now I count -* **In fact** - "Really," or "Truly," -* **now I count** - The word "now" emphasizes how Paul has changed since he quit being a Pharisee and became a believer in Christ. This can made explicit: "now that I have trusted in Christ." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I count all things to be loss** - Paul states it is worthless to trust in anything other than Christ. This can be translated as "I consider everything to be worthless." -* **because of the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord.** - "because knowing Christ Jesus my Lord is worth so much more." -* **For him I have discarded all things** - This could be translated as "Because of him I have willingly rejected everything else." -* **I consider them garbage** - Paul compares anything a person may trust in to waste that is thrown out. He is emphasizing how worthless they really are. It could be translated as "I think of them as trash" or "I think of them as completely worthless. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **so that I may gain Christ** - "so that I may have Christ alone" -* **and now I am found in him** - The phrase "found in him" means to have a close relationship or to be united with him. This can be translated with an active verb: "and now I have a relationship with christ" or "and now I am united with christ." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I do not have a righteousness of my own from the law.** - "I am not trying to please God on my own by obeying the law." -* **Instead, I have** - "Rather, I have" or "Exactly the opposite, I have" -* **I have the righteousness from God that is through faith in Christ.** - "God has accepted me because I have put my trust in Christ." -* **It is a righteousness of knowing him** - This can be translated as "I only want Christ so that I might know him" -* **the power of his resurrection** - "and know his power that gives us life" -* **the fellowship of his sufferings** - "and share in his sufferings" -* **and I am transformed by Christ into the likeness of his death** - The word "transform" means to change one thing into something else. The way Jesus died resulted in eternal life. So, Paul wants his death to be like Jesus' death so he may also receive eternal life. This can be translated with an active clause: "and Christ has changed me into the likeness of his death" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **so somehow I may experience the resurrection from the dead** - The word "somehow" means Paul does not know what is going to happen to him in this life, but whatever happens it will somehow result in eternal life. This could be translated as "so that, no matter what happens to me now, I will come back to life after I die." +The word "now" emphasizes how Paul has changed since he quit being a Pharisee and became a believer in Christ. AT: "now that I have trusted in Christ, I count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I count all things to be loss + +Paul is continuing the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:7](./06.md), saying it is worthless to trust in anything other than Christ. AT: "I consider everything to be worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of the surpassing value of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord + +"because knowing Christ Jesus my Lord is worth so much more" + +# I have given up all things + +Use your usual way of expressing the willingness to give up everything you have for Christ, if that is God's will for you. + +# I consider them rubbish + +Paul speaks of the things a person may trust in as if it were waste that is thrown out. He is emphasizing how worthless they really are. AT: "I think of them as trash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that I may gain Christ + +"so that I may have only Christ" + +# be found in him + +The phrase "be found" is an idiom that emphasizes the idea of "to be." AT: "be truly united with Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I do not have a righteousness of my own from the law + +"I am not trying to please God on my own by obeying the law" + +# the power of his resurrection + +"his power that gives us life" + +# the fellowship of his sufferings + +"what it is like to suffer as he suffered" or "what it is like to participate in suffering with him" + +# I want to be transformed into the likeness of his death + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul wants Christ to change him so that he can die as Christ died or 2) he wants his desire to sin to become as dead as Jesus was before he was raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so somehow I may experience the resurrection from the dead + +The word "somehow" means Paul does not know what is going to happen to him in this life, but whatever happens, it will result in eternal life. "so that, no matter what happens to me now, I will come back to life after I die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/12.md b/php/03/12.md index c2c5a33809..4ab30e338a 100644 --- a/php/03/12.md +++ b/php/03/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +Paul urges the believers at Philippi to follow his present example because of heaven and the new bodies that wait for believers. He speaks of how he works as hard as he can to be like Christ, knowing that God will allow him to live forever in heaven, as if he were a runner racing for the finish line. -## translationNotes +# received these things -* **received these things** - These include knowing Christ, knowing the power of his resurrection, sharing in Christ's suffering, and being united with Christ in his death and resurrection. -* **so I am not yet complete** - "so I am not yet perfect" or "so I am not yet mature" -* **But I continue pressing on** - "But I keep trying" (UDB) -* **I may grasp** - "I may receive these things" -* **that for which I was grasped by Christ Jesus** - This can be translated with an active verb: "because that is why Jesus claimed me as his own" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **Brothers, ...** - Paul is referring to the Philippian believers. Alternate translation: "Fellow believers" -* **I myself have taken possession of it** - "all these things belong to me yet" -* **I forget what is behind and strive for what is ahead** - Like a runner in a race is no longer concerned about the sections of the race complete, but only focuses on those sections that are to come, Paul speaks of setting aside his religious works of righteousness and only focuses on the race of life that Christ as set before him to complete. Alternate Translation "I do not care what I have done in the past."(See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I continue pressing on toward the goal to win the prize of the upward calling of God in Christ Jesus.** - Paul continues the comparison, as a runner presses onward to win the race, Paul presses onward in serving and walking in obedience to Christ. "I continue believing in Christ so that I may belong to him and God may call me to himself after I die." +These include knowing Christ, knowing the power of his resurrection, sharing in Christ's suffering, and being united with Christ in his death and resurrection ([Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md)). + +# or that I have become complete + +"so I am not yet perfect" or "so I am not yet mature" + +# But I press on + +"But I keep trying" + +# I may grasp that for which I was grasped by Christ Jesus + +Receiving spiritual things from Christ is spoken of as if Paul could grasp them with his hands. And, Jesus choosing Paul to belong to him is spoken of as if Jesus grasped Paul with his hands. This can be stated in an active form. AT: "I may receive these things because that is why Jesus claimed me as his own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Brothers + +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# I myself have yet grasped it + +Receiving spiritual things from Christ is spoken of as if Paul could grasp them with his hands. AT: "all these things belong to me yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I forget what is behind and strain for what is ahead + +Like a runner in a race is no longer concerned about the part of the race that is completed but only focuses on what is ahead, Paul speaks of setting aside his religious works of righteousness and only focusing on the race of life that Christ has set before him to complete. AT: "I do not care what I have done in the past; I only work as hard as I can on what is ahead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I press on toward the goal to win the prize of the upward calling of God in Christ Jesus + +As a runner presses onward to win the race, Paul presses onward in serving and living in obedience to Christ. AT: "I do all I can to be like Christ, like a runner racing to the finish line, so that I may belong to him, and God may call me to himself after I die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the upward calling + +Possible meanings are that Paul speaks of living eternally with God as if God were to call Paul to ascend 1) to heaven as Jesus did or 2) the steps to the podium where winners of races received prizes, as a metaphor for meeting God face to face and receiving eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/15.md b/php/03/15.md index 870c052a30..ac3fae29b2 100644 --- a/php/03/15.md +++ b/php/03/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# All of us who are mature, let us think this way -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +Paul wants his fellow believers to have the same desires he listed in [Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md). AT: "I encourage all of us believers who are strong in the faith to think the same way" -## translationNotes +# God will also reveal that to you -* **Let us therefore, as many as are mature, think like that** - "I encourage all of us believers who are strong in the faith to think the same way." Paul wants his fellow believers to have the same desires he listed in [[:en:bible:notes:php:03:08]]. -* **If you think** - The word "you" here refers to believers who may think differently or disagree with Paul. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **God will also reveal that to you.** - "God will also make it clear to you." -* **Whatever the case** - Paul is finishing this section of his letter and emphasizing the main point. It could be translated as: "No matter what." -* **if we have reached this point, we must walk in an orderly fashion according to it.** - This can be translated as "let us all continue obeying the same truth we have already received." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +"God will also make it clear to you" or "God will make sure you know it" + +# whatever we have reached, let us hold on to it + +Paul uses "we" to include the Philippian believers. AT: "let us all continue obeying the same truth we have already received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/17.md b/php/03/17.md index 01257d48ad..fa51b4386d 100644 --- a/php/03/17.md +++ b/php/03/17.md @@ -1,22 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Be imitators of me -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:cross]] -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] +"Do what I do" or "Live as I live" -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **Brothers, join me** - Paul is expressing that he considers the Philippian believers as his brothers in Christ. -* **imitate me** - "do what I do" or "live as I live" -* **watch closely** - "look carefully at" -* **those who are walking by our example** - "those who already are living as I live" or "those who already are doing what I do" -* **I have often told you** - "I have told you many times" -* **and tell you now with tears,** - "and tell you now with great sadness" -* **that many are living as enemies of the cross of Christ** - Here, "the cross of Christ" refers to Christ's suffering and death. The enemies are those who say they believe in Jesus but are not willing to suffer or die like Jesus did. This can be translated as "that many people say they believe in Jesus, but the way they act shows they are actually against Jesus who was willing to suffer and die on a cross. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Their destiny is destruction** - "Someday God will destroy them" -* **their god is their belly** - Here, the word "belly" refers to a person's desires for physical pleasure. This could be translated as "they desire food and other physical pleasures more than they desire to obey God." -* **their glory is their shame** - "they are proud of the things that should cause them shame" -* **They are thinking about earthly things** - Here "earthly" refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. This could be translated as "All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God." +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# those who are walking by the example that you have in us + +"those who already are living as I live" or "those who already are doing what I do" + +# Many are walking ... as enemies of the cross of Christ + +These words are Paul's main thought for this verse. + +# Many are walking + +A person's behavior is spoken of as if that person were walking along a path. AT: "Many are living" or "Many are conducting their lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those about whom I have often told you, and now I am telling you with tears + +Paul interrupts his main thought with these words that describe the "many." You can move them to the beginning or end of the verse if you need to. + +# I have often told you + +"I have told you many times" + +# am telling you with tears + +"am telling you with great sadness" + +# as enemies of the cross of Christ + +Here "the cross of Christ" refers to Christ's suffering and death. The enemies are those who say they believe in Jesus but are not willing to suffer or die like Jesus did. AT: "in a way that shows they are actually against Jesus, who was willing to suffer and die on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their destiny is destruction + +"Someday God will destroy them" + +# their god is their stomach + +Here "stomach" refers to a person's desires for physical pleasure. Calling it their god means that they want these pleasures more than they want to obey God. AT: "they desire food and other physical pleasures more than they desire to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their pride is in their shame + +Here "shame" stands for the actions that the people should be ashamed about but are not. AT: "they are proud of the things that should cause them shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They think about earthly things + +Here "earthly" refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. AT: "All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/20.md b/php/03/20.md index b67531fe0c..073a8aea8b 100644 --- a/php/03/20.md +++ b/php/03/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] +By Paul's use of "our" and "we" here, he includes himself and the believers in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# our citizenship is in heaven -* **Because as for us** - Paul is including his audience in the use of "us". (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **our citizenship is in heaven** - "our homeland is in heaven" or "our true home is in heaven" -* **from where we also wait for a savior, the Lord Jesus Christ** - "and we are waiting for a savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, to return to earth from heaven" -* **He will transform our lowly bodies** - "He will change our weak, earthly bodies" -* **into bodies formed like His glorious body** - "into bodies like his glorious body" -* **formed by His power to control all things** - This can be translated as a new sentence and with an active clause: "He will change our bodies with the same power He uses to control all things." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "we are citizens of heaven" or 2) "our homeland is heaven" or 3) "our true home is heaven." + +# He will transform our lowly bodies + +"He will change our weak, earthly bodies" + +# into bodies formed like his glorious body + +"into bodies like his glorious body" + +# body, formed by the might of his power to subject all things to himself + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "body. He will change our bodies with the same power he uses to control all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/intro.md b/php/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f996a4aaba --- /dev/null +++ b/php/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Philippians 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Philippians 3:4-8 contains a list of Paul's "qualifications" for being considered a righteous Jew. In every conceivable way, Paul was an exemplary Jew. He uses this to contrast with the greatness of knowing Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Dogs ##### +In the ancient Near East, dogs were used as an image to refer to people in a negative way. Not all cultures will use the term "dogs" in this way and some cultures may have positive connotations associated with dogs. + +##### Resurrected Bodies ##### +Very little is known about what people will look like in heaven. It is apparent from this chapter, people will have bodies and they will be free from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Prize ##### +Paul uses an extended illustration to describe the Christian life. The goal of the Christian life is attempting to grow in likeness to Christ until a person dies. This goal can never be perfectly achieved but must be strived for. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Philippians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/01.md b/php/04/01.md index 88606b019f..2dd0fceb86 100644 --- a/php/04/01.md +++ b/php/04/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bookoflife]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:yoke]] +Paul continues with some specific instructions to the believers in Philippi on unity and then gives instructions to help them live for the Lord. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Therefore, my beloved brothers whom I long for** - "My fellow believers, I love you and I greatly desire to see you" -* **my joy and crown,** - Paul uses the word "joy" to mean that the Philippian church is the cause of his happiness. A "crown" was made of leaves and a person wore it on their heads as a sign of honor after they won an important game. Here the word "crown" means the Philippian church brought honor to Paul before God. This can be translated as a new sentence: "You give me joy because you have believed in Jesus and you are my reward and honor for my work." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved friends.** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "So continue living for the Lord in the way that I have taught you, dear friends." -* **I am pleading with Euodia, and I am pleading with Syntyche,** - these are women who were believers and helped Paul in the church at Philippi. This can be translated as "I beg Euodia and I beg Syntyche." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **be of the same mind in the Lord.** - The phrase "be of the same mind" means to have the same attitude or opinion. This can be translated as "agree with each other because you both believe in the same Lord." -* **Indeed, I am entreating you too, my true yoke-fellow,** - fellow,** - Here the word "you" is singular. Paul does not tell the name of the person. He just calls him "my true yoke-fellow" which refers to someone who has worked with Paul to spread the Gospel. This could be translated as "Yes, I ask you too, my true fellow-worker." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **along with Clement** - A man who was a believer and worker in the church at Philippi. -* **whose names are in the book of life.** - "whose names are written in the Book of Life." +When Paul says, "my true yokefellow," the word "you" is singular. Paul does not say the name of the person. He calls him that to show he worked with Paul to spread the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Therefore, my beloved brothers whom I long for + +"My fellow believers, I love you and I greatly desire to see you" + +# brothers + +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# my joy and crown + +Paul uses the word "joy" to mean that the Philippian church is the cause of his happiness. A "crown" was made of leaves, and a man wore it on his head as a sign of honor after he won an important game. Here the word "crown" means the Philippian church brought honor to Paul before God. AT: "You give me joy because you have believed in Jesus, and you are my reward and honor for my work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved friends + +"so continue living for the Lord in the way that I have taught you, dear friends" + +# I am pleading with Euodia, and I am pleading with Syntyche + +These are women who were believers and helped Paul in the church at Philippi. AT: "I beg Euodia, and I beg Syntyche" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# be of the same mind in the Lord + +The phrase "be of the same mind" means to have the same attitude or opinion. AT: "agree with each other because you both believe in the same Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yes, I ask you, my true companion + +Here "you" refers to the "true fellow worker" and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# true companion + +This metaphor is from farming, where two animals would be bound to the same yoke, and so they work together. AT: "fellow worker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# along with Clement + +Clement was a man who was a believer and worker in the church at Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# whose names are in The Book of Life + +"whose names God has written in The Book of Life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/04.md b/php/04/04.md index 464ab53a9d..3a76df3ea1 100644 --- a/php/04/04.md +++ b/php/04/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Rejoice in the Lord -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +See how you translated this in [Philippians 3:1](../03/01.md). -## translationNotes +# The Lord is near -* **Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, rejoice.** - Paul is talking to all the Philippian believers. He repeats the command to rejoice to emphasize how important it is. This can be translated as: "Be glad because of what the Lord has done! Again I tell you be glad!" -* **Your gentleness needs to be known to all people.** - "All people need to see how kind you are." -* **The Lord is near** - Possible meanings are 1) The Lord Jesus is near to the believers in spirit or 2) the day the Lord Jesus will return to the earth is near. -* **in everything by prayer in requests tell God what you need and thank him** - "ask God for everything you need with prayer and thanks." -* **which exceeds all understanding** - "which is more than we can understand" -* **will guard your hearts and your thoughts** - This presents God's peace as a soldier that protects our emotions and thoughts from worrying. This full meaning could be made explicit: "will be like a soldier and guard your emotions and thoughts from worrying about the troubles of this life. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) The Lord Jesus is near to the believers in spirit or 2) the day the Lord Jesus will return to the earth is near. + +# in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God + +"whatever happens to you, ask God for everything you need with prayer and thanks" + +# which surpasses all understanding + +"which is more than we can understand" + +# will guard your hearts and your thoughts + +This presents God's peace as a soldier who protects our emotions and thoughts from worrying. AT: "will be like a soldier and guard your emotions and thoughts from worrying about the troubles of this life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/08.md b/php/04/08.md index 2386e1434a..7adda8ef9c 100644 --- a/php/04/08.md +++ b/php/04/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Finally -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +As Paul ends his letter, he gives a summary of how believers should live to have peace with God. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **Finally** - This ends this section of the letter. Paul now goes on to give a summary of how believers should live to have peace with God. -* **whatever things are lovely** - "whatever things are pleasing" -* **whatever things are of good report** - "whatever things that people admire" or "whatever things that people respect" -* **if there is any excellence in them** - "if they are morally good" -* **and if there is any praise in them** - "and if they are a cause for praise" -* **think on these things** - "think about these things" -* **that you have learned, received, heard, and have seen in me** - "that I have taught and shown you" +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# whatever things are lovely + +"whatever things are pleasing" + +# whatever things are of good report + +"whatever thing people admire" or "whatever things people respect" + +# if there is anything excellent + +"if they are morally good" + +# if there is anything to be praised + +"and if they are things that people praise" + +# that you have learned and received and heard and seen in me + +"that I have taught and shown you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/10.md b/php/04/10.md index 04cf524216..2271f9a353 100644 --- a/php/04/10.md +++ b/php/04/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Paul talks about the Philippian believers having supported him financially and ends with greetings and thanks. -## translationNotes +# to be content -* **Although previously you were thinking of me, there was no opportunity for you to help.** - "I know you were thinking about me before now, but there had been no reason for you to send me help." -* **to be content** - "to be satisfied" or "to be happy" -* **in all circumstances** - "no matter what my situation is" -* **I know how to live** - Alternate translation: "I know how to have the right attitude" -* **in times of need** - "when I do not have all I need" -* **in times of abundance** - "when I have more than I need" -* **how both to have plenty and to be hungry, how both to abound and to need** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he has learned how to be content in any situation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **I can do all things through him who strengthens me.** - "I can do all things because Christ gives me strength." +"to be satisfied" or "to be happy" + +# in all circumstances + +"no matter what my situation is" + +# I know what it is to be poor ... to have plenty + +Paul knows how to live happily having either no possessions or many possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# how to be well-fed or to be hungry, and how to have an abundance or to be in need + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he has learned how to be content in any situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I can do all things through him who strengthens me + +"I can do all things because Christ gives me strength" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/14.md b/php/04/14.md index b69ca12808..6f4857a251 100644 --- a/php/04/14.md +++ b/php/04/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in my difficulties -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:thessalonica]] +Paul speaks of his hardships as if they were a place that he was in. AT: "when things became difficult" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the beginning of the gospel -* **in my difficulties** - "when things became difficult" -* **gospel mission** - This refers to when Paul would travel to different cities to tell people about Jesus. -* **no church had supported me in the matter of giving and receiving except you only** - "you were the only church that sent me money or helped me." -* **I do seek the fruit that increases to your account** - Paul is comparing the church's gift to a person's wealth that increases more and more. Paul wants to see the Philippians to give gifts so they can receive spiritual blessings. Alternate translation: "I do want to see God give you more and more spiritual blessings." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul refers to the gospel here as meaning his preaching of the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# no church supported me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone + +This can be stated in the positive. AT: "you were the only church that sent me money or helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# I seek the fruit that increases to your credit + +Paul is speaking of the Philippians' gift as if it were a person's bank account that increases more and more. In this case, it is God who acknowledges the good things done by the Philippian believers. Paul wants the Philippians to give gifts so they can receive spiritual blessings. AT: "I do want to see God give you more and more spiritual blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/18.md b/php/04/18.md index d2a4f1602e..fbeb400ff9 100644 --- a/php/04/18.md +++ b/php/04/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I have received everything in full -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Possible meanings are 1) Paul has received everything that the Philippians sent or 2) Paul is using humor to continue the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:8](../03/08.md) and saying that this part of the letter is a receipt for commercial goods that Epaphroditus delivered. -## translationNotes +# even more -* **I have all things in abundance. I am filled.** - "I have everything I need and more." -* **They are a sweet smelling aroma, an acceptable sacrifice that pleases God** - Paul is comparing the gift from the Philippian church to the sacrifices in the Old Testament. The priests would burn the sacrifice and it had a pleasing smell to God. Paul is emphasizing that the church's gift is of great value to God. This could be translated as "I assure you these gifts are very pleasing to God." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **will supply every need of yours** - "will provide everything you need" -* **according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus** - This could be translated as "from his glorious riches that he gives through Christ Jesus." -* **Now to our God** - The word "now" marks the closing prayer and the end of this section of the letter. +Paul means plenty of the things that he needs for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They are a sweet-smelling aroma, a sacrifice acceptable and pleasing to God + +Paul speaks of the gift from the Philippian church as if it were a sacrifice offered to God on an altar. Paul implies that the church's gift is very pleasing to God, like the sacrifices that the priests burned, which had a smell that pleased God. AT: "I assure you these gifts are very pleasing to God, like an acceptable sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will meet all your needs + +This is the same word translated "have been well-supplied" in verse 18. It is an idiom meaning "will provide everything you need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus + +"from his glorious riches that he gives through Christ Jesus" + +# Now to our God + +The word "Now" marks the closing prayer and the end of this section of the letter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/21.md b/php/04/21.md index 5bddab348c..494b0eddf2 100644 --- a/php/04/21.md +++ b/php/04/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The brothers -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:caesar]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This refers to those people who were either ministering with or to Paul. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **Greet every person belonging to Christ Jesus** - "Greet every person there who belongs to Christ Jesus" -* **The brothers** - These are those who were either ministering with Paul or ministering to Paul. Alternate translation "The fellow believers." -* **especially those of Caesar’s household** - These are servants who worked in Caesar's palace. This could be translated as "especially the fellow believers who work in the palace of Caesar" (UDB). -* **with your spirit** - Paul refers to the believers by using the word "spirit" which is what enables humans to relate to God. This can be translated as "with you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# every believer ... All the believers + +Some versions translate this as "every holy person ... All the holy people." + +# especially those of Caesar's household + +This refers to servants who worked in Caesar's palace. "especially the fellow believers who work in the palace of Caesar" + +# with your spirit + +Paul refers to the believers by using the word "spirit," which is what enables humans to relate to God. AT: "with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/intro.md b/php/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d99338e6fb --- /dev/null +++ b/php/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Philippians 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "My joy and my crown" ##### +Paul considered the Philippians' spiritually maturity an important achievement that he helped to achieve. He takes pride in discipling other Christians and encouraging spirtual growth as an important part of the Christian life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Euodia and Syntyche ##### +Apparently, there was a disagreement between these two women and Paul was encouraging unity and harmony between them. The exact details of their disagreement is insignificant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Philippians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/front/intro.md b/php/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..88ec5e63ef --- /dev/null +++ b/php/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# Introduction to Philippians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of the Philippians #### + +1. Greeting, thanksgiving and prayer (1:1-11) +1. Paul's report on his ministry (1:12-26) +1. Instructions + - To be steadfast (1:27-30) + - To be united (2:1-2) + - To be humble (2:3-11) + - To work out our salvation, and God working in you (2:12-13) + - To be innocent and light (2:14-18) +1. Timothy and Epaphroditus (2:19-30) +1. Warning about false teachers (3:1-4:1) +1. Personal instruction (4:2-5) +1. Rejoice and do not be anxious (4:4-6) +1. Final remarks + - Values (4:8-9) + - Contentment (4:10-20) + +#### What is the Book of Philippians about? #### + +The Book of Philippians is a letter that the Apostle Paul wrote to the Christians in the area of Philippi, a city in Macedonia. The Philippians had sent Epaphroditus, one of their beloved church members, to take a gift to Paul in Rome and to help him. Epaphroditus planned to stay in Rome with Paul, but he became very ill. The Philippians had written Paul to ask about Epaphroditus; the Book of Philippians may have been Paul's reply. + +This letter also gave Paul the opportunity to write the Philippian church about matters of importance. He sent the letter to them by means of Epaphroditus. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Philippians." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to the Church in Philippi," or "A Letter to the Christians in Philippi." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +=== What was the city of Philippi like?=== + +Philippi was founded in the region of Macedonia by Philip, who was the father of Alexander the Great. The city was honored with special privileges of citizenship within the Roman Empire. This is why the idea of citizenship plays an important role in Paul's letter to the church there. He says that Christians have their "citizenship in heaven" (3:20). + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always plural and refers to the believers who may read this letter. The exception to this is 4:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### Who does Paul mean as the "enemies of the cross of Christ" (3:18) in this letter? #### + +It seems likely from 3:19 that these were probably people who taught that having freedom in Christ meant that one could live however they desire to as Christians without consequences. + +#### Why are the words "joy" and "rejoice" frequently used in this letter? #### + +Paul was in prison when he wrote this letter (See: 1:7). Despite his suffering, Paul repeated said that he was joyful because of the grace of God shown through Jesus. He wanted to encourage his readers to have the same trust in Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +This kind of expression occurs in 1:1, 8, 13, 14, 26, 27; 2:1, 5, 19, 24, 29; 3:1, 3, 9, 14; 4:1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 19, 21. Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Philippians? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The following are the most significant issues in the Book of Philippians: + +* Some versions have "Amen" at the end of the final verse in the letter (4:23). The ULB, and UDB, and other many modern versions do not. + +If "Amen" is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of Philippians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/01.md b/pro/01/01.md index 0ef6ef4123..a500fc50f8 100644 --- a/pro/01/01.md +++ b/pro/01/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## translationNotes +# to teach wisdom and instruction -* 33 are poetry. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **teach words of insight** - "teach the true nature of things" -* **doing what is right, just, and fair** - "doing what is correct, what God's law says to do, and what is thought to be good or acceptable" +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "wisdom" and "instruction" can be stated as adjectives or verbs. AT: "to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to teach words of insight + +"to help you understand wise teachings" + +# that you may receive + +Here "you" refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive "we." AT: "that we may receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# may receive instruction in order to live + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "instruction" is stated as a verb. AT: "may be instructed how to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/04.md b/pro/01/04.md index 633bc29610..5d1e46007b 100644 --- a/pro/01/04.md +++ b/pro/01/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# are also to give wisdom to the naive -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as the adjective "wise." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "also teach to those who are naive how to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# naive -* **those who have not been taught** - "people who are lacking in experience or understanding" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **discretion** - knowing how to speak and act without making people uncomfortable -* **Let the wise listen** - "People who are already wise should also pay attention" -* **let the discerning get guidance** - "people who have understanding should let these words guide them" -* **riddles** - sayings that one can understand only after thinking about them +"inexperienced, immature" + +# to give knowledge and discretion to young people + +The abstract nouns "knowledge" and "discretion" can be stated as verbs. AT: "and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# discretion + +knowing what should be done in a particular situation + +# Let wise people listen and increase their learning + +"Let those who are wise pay attention and learn even more" + +# let discerning people get guidance + +"let people who have understanding learn from these proverbs how to make good decisions" + +# riddles + +sayings that one can understand only after thinking about them \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/07.md b/pro/01/07.md index caf82c8f0e..fb99462aed 100644 --- a/pro/01/07.md +++ b/pro/01/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +A father teaches his child. -## translationNotes +# The fear of Yahweh is the beginning of knowledge -* A father teaches his child. -* **despise** - "hate" (UDB) or "dislike very much" or “think of as unimportant” -* **they will be** - the teachings of the father and mother will be -* **wreath...pendants** - These show that the person who wears them is worthy of honor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **wreath** - a circle made of leaves or flowers +The abstract nouns "fear," "beginning," and "knowledge" can be stated as verbs. AT: "You must first fear Yahweh in order to begin to know what is wise" or "You must first honor and respect Yahweh in order to learn what is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# fools despise wisdom and instruction + +"those who do not value what is wise and instructive are fools" + +# do not lay aside + +This is an idiom that means "do not ignore" or "do not reject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they will be a graceful wreath for your head and pendants hanging from your neck + +The rules and instructions that parents teach their children are so valuable and important that they are spoken of as if they were a beautiful wreath or pendant that a person wears. AT: "they will make you wise just as wearing a wreath on your head or a pendant around your neck makes you beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wreath + +an woven circle made of leaves or flowers + +# pendants + +jewelry that is worn around the neck \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/10.md b/pro/01/10.md index 4b1e54729f..d5c04c62c7 100644 --- a/pro/01/10.md +++ b/pro/01/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# try to entice you into their sin -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +"try to persuade you to sin as they do" -## translationNotes +# refuse to follow them -* **entice** - attract -* **if they say** - What follows is what sinners might say. (See: UDB and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **lie in wait** - "hide and wait for the right time" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"refuse them" or "do not listen to them" + +# If they say + +Here the speaker gives an example of what sinners may try to entice someone to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# lie in wait + +"hide and wait for the right time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/12.md b/pro/01/12.md index c7e110a5d4..c2d36b4e18 100644 --- a/pro/01/12.md +++ b/pro/01/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] +Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to entice others to sin. -## translationNotes +# Let us swallow them up alive, like Sheol takes away those who are healthy -* 14 ends the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to get others to want to sin. -* **Let us swallow them up alive** - Like an animal might swallow its food, the wicked expect to destroy their victims. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like Sheol takes away those who are healthy** - . The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **purse** - bag for carrying money +The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us swallow ... like Sheol takes away + +This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# like Sheol takes away those who are healthy + +The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people. + +# make them like those who fall into the pit + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or 2) here "pit" is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go. + +# Throw in your lot with us + +This is an idiom. AT: "Join us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we will all have one purse together + +Here "purse" represents everything that they steal. AT: "we will equally share everything that we steal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# purse + +a bag for carrying money \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/15.md b/pro/01/15.md index 4b6e4e1998..71986690d2 100644 --- a/pro/01/15.md +++ b/pro/01/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# do not walk down that road with them; do not let your foot touch where they walk -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:run]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +To avoid behaving the same way as the sinners do is spoken of as if the son were to avoid walking on or even touching the roads that sinners walk on. AT: "do not go with the sinners or do what they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# their feet run to evil +The sinners having an eager interest in doing evil things is spoken of as if they were running to evil. AT: "they are eager to do wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their feet run + +Here "feet" represents the whole person. AT: "they run" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to shed blood + +Here "blood" represents a person's life. To "shed blood" means to murder someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For it is useless to spread ... is watching + +This begins a comparison that ends in 1:18. It compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/18.md b/pro/01/18.md index e90aa8d054..de35d41e59 100644 --- a/pro/01/18.md +++ b/pro/01/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# These men lie in wait to kill themselves—they set a trap for themselves -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This finishes the comparison started in [Proverbs 1:17](./15.md). The men destroying themselves by doing sinful things is spoken of as if they set a trap and kill themselves. AT: "But these men are more foolish than the birds. They kill themselves with their own traps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# So are the ways of everyone -* **These men** - the "sinners" of [[en/bible/notes/pro/01/10]] -* **lie in wait** - Translate as you did in [[en/bible/notes/pro/01/10]]. -* **they set a trap for themselves** - "they make plans to ruin the innocent, but they end up being ruined themselves" +A person's fate or destiny is spoken of as if it were a road a person walks on. AT: "This is what happens to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unjust gain takes away the lives of those who hold on to it + +A person destroying themselves by trying to gain wealth through violence, theft, and deceit is spoken of as if the unjust gains will kill those who take it. AT: "it is like the unjust gains will destroy those who hold on to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/20.md b/pro/01/20.md index bd9e41463f..c9828fef50 100644 --- a/pro/01/20.md +++ b/pro/01/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Wisdom cries aloud -* **Wisdom cries aloud** - If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like "Grandmother Wisdom" or "Honored Miss Wisdom" or "wisdom is like a woman" (see UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **raises her voice** - "speaks with a loud voice" -* **head of the noisy streets** - "place where busy streets meet" -* **How long...will you...?** - AT: "You have...too long!" or "You should no longer...!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like "Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud" or "Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud" or "Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# raises her voice + +This is an idiom. AT: "speaks with a loud voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the open places + +This means places where there would be a lot of people. AT: "in the markets" or "in the town squares" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# at the head of the noisy streets + +Possible meanings are 1) "head" refers to the place where busy streets intersect or 2) "head" refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking. + +# How long, you naive people, will you love being naive? + +Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. AT: "You who are naive must stop loving being naive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# naive + +"inexperienced, immature" + +# How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge? + +Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. AT: "You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/23.md b/pro/01/23.md index 0abc2a5184..a4e70b7c3b 100644 --- a/pro/01/23.md +++ b/pro/01/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Pay attention -* The wise woman wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Pay attention** - "Listen carefully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will pour out my thoughts to you** - The thoughts of wisdom are like liquid being poured out. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I reached out with my hand** - AT: "I offered my help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Listen carefully" + +# I will pour out my thoughts to you + +Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make my words known to you + +"I will tell you what I think" + +# I reached out with my hand + +This phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. AT: "I invited you to come to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/26.md b/pro/01/26.md index 75b42dc4f2..98dfa4fc2c 100644 --- a/pro/01/26.md +++ b/pro/01/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her. -## translationNotes +# I will laugh -* The wise woman wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who refuse her offer of wisdom. -* **calamity** - An event that causes great harm and suffering. -* **your fearful dread** - "terror" -* **whirlwind** - a damaging wind that blows things in circles -* **distress** - "pain" -* **anguish** - "extreme suffering" +This can be stated with the word "therefore" to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. AT: "Therefore I will laugh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# at your calamity + +"when bad things happen to you" + +# when the terror comes + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "when you are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when your fearful dread comes like a storm ... like a whirlwind ... come upon you + +Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# whirlwind + +a very strong wind storm that causes damage \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/28.md b/pro/01/28.md index a4cad80b5a..97854897f3 100644 --- a/pro/01/28.md +++ b/pro/01/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Then they will call upon me -* **Then they will call upon me** - "Then the sinners will cry out to me, wisdom, for help" -* **desperately** - with much worry and little hope -* **Because they hate knowledge...they despised all my reproof** - Possible meanings: 1) This is why they will "eat the fruit of their ways" ([[:en:bible:notes:pro:01:31]]) (see UDB) or 2) this is why wisdom "will not answer" (1:28) or 3) 1:29 gives the reason for 1:30. -* **despised** - Translate as you did in [[en/bible/notes/pro/01/07]] +"Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help" + +# Because they hate knowledge + +The abstract noun "knowledge" can be stated as the verb "learn." AT: "Because they refused to learn to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# did not choose the fear of Yahweh + +The abstract noun "fear" can be stated as a verb. AT: "did not fear Yahweh" or "did not honor and respect Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# would not follow my instruction + +"would not accept my instruction" or "rejected my advice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/31.md b/pro/01/31.md index 7f6e395acc..fe699d6316 100644 --- a/pro/01/31.md +++ b/pro/01/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Verse 33 ends wisdom's statement that began in [Proverbs 1:22](./20.md). -## translationNotes +# eat the fruit of their ways -* Verse 33 ends Wisdom's statement that began in [[en/bible/notes/pro/01/20]]. -* **eat the fruit of their ways** - "live with the results of what they have done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **with the fruit of their schemes they will be filled** - "the results of their plans will be all they possess" -* **are killed when they turn away** - "die because they refuse to learn" -* **indifference** - refusal to do what needs to be done +Here a person's behavior is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Also, a person receiving the results of their behavior is spoken as if the person were eating the fruit of their behavior. AT: "experience the consequences of their actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with the fruit of their schemes they will be filled + +"they will eat the fruit of their schemes until they are full." A person receiving the results of their own evil plans is spoken of as eating the fruit of their schemes. AT: "they will suffer the consequences of their own evil plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# naive + +"inexperienced, immature" + +# are killed when they turn away + +A person rejecting wisdom is spoken of as if the person physically turns away from wisdom. This can be stated in active form. AT: "die because they refuse to learn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the indifference of fools will destroy them + +The abstract noun "indifference" can be stated as a verb. AT: "fools will die because they do not care about what should be done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# indifference + +a lack of interest about something \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/intro.md b/pro/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d061b793bb --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Proverbs 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Parallelism ##### + +Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Proverbs intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/01.md b/pro/02/01.md index 965a768815..1063ded1b8 100644 --- a/pro/02/01.md +++ b/pro/02/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# if you receive my words -* A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **receive** - "accept" or "welcome" -* **treasure up my commandments with you** - "have the same zeal to learn my commandments that you have to gain treasures" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **incline your heart to understanding** - "strongly desire to gain understanding" +"if you listen to what I am teaching you" + +# if you receive + +This begins a series of conditional statements that concludes in 2:5. If it is more natural for your language, you can translate these conditional statements as commands as in the UDB. + +# treasure up my commandments with you + +Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. AT: "consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make your ears pay attention to wisdom and incline your heart to understanding + +If you translated 2:1 as a command, you can translate 2:2 as a command, as in the UDB. Or, if you translated 2:1 as a conditional statement, you could translate 2:2 as a conditional statement also. AT: "if you make your ears pay attention to wisdom and incline your heart to understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# make your ears pay attention + +This is an idiom. AT: "force yourself to listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to wisdom + +This abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. AT: "to the wise things I am teaching you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# incline your heart to understanding + +Here "heart" represents a person's mind. The phrase "incline your heart" is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate one's mind to a task. AT: "try hard to understand what is wise" or "fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/03.md b/pro/02/03.md index b90475b413..111df1b3d1 100644 --- a/pro/02/03.md +++ b/pro/02/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# If you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for it -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Both of these statements have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. AT: "If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# If you cry ... if you seek -* **If you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for it** - Both parts of the verse mean “If you urgently ask God for understanding.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasures** - Both parts of the verse mean “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This continues the series of conditional statements started in [Proverbs 2:1](./01.md). If you translated the statements in 1:1-2 as commands, you should translate these as commands also as in the UDB. + +# raise your voice + +This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasures + +Both statements have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. AT: "if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you seek it ... search for understanding + +Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will find the knowledge of God + +To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/06.md b/pro/02/06.md index 16ea358fd0..1f92c746d7 100644 --- a/pro/02/06.md +++ b/pro/02/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "mouth" represents Yahweh himself or what he says. AT: "from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding" or "Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# He stores up sound wisdom for those who please him -* **from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding** - "God's words give us knowledge and understanding" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **sound** - "dependable" -* **he is a shield for those** - "God protects those" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he guards the paths of justice** - Possible meanings: 1) "God makes sure that people act justly" (see UDB) or 2) "God protects those who act justly." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **preserve the way of** - "protect" +Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. AT: "He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sound + +"dependable" + +# he is a shield for those + +Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. AT: "God protects those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who walk in integrity + +A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. AT: "who behave with integrity" or "who live their lives as they should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he guards the paths of justice + +Possible meanings are 1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. AT: "God makes sure that people act justly" or 2) a person's life is spoken of as if it were a path. AT: "God protects those who act justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# preserve the way of those + +A person's life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. AT: "protect those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/09.md b/pro/02/09.md index ebbdaa000d..d9dac5acd1 100644 --- a/pro/02/09.md +++ b/pro/02/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# equity -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"fairness" -## translationNotes +# every good path -* **equity** - "fairness" -* **every good path** - "ways to live that are pleasing to God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **wisdom will come into your heart** - "you will gain much wisdom" or "you will learn how to be truly wise" -* **pleasant** - "pleasing" or "enjoyable" +A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. AT: "ways to live that are pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wisdom will come into your heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a person's heart. AT: "you will gain much wisdom" or "you will learn how to be truly wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pleasant to your soul + +Here "soul" represents the whole person. AT: "pleasing to you" or "enjoyable to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/11.md b/pro/02/11.md index f3f1993116..8cdbffae69 100644 --- a/pro/02/11.md +++ b/pro/02/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Discretion will watch over you, understanding will guard you -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +This speaks of "discretion" and "understanding" as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. AT: "Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Discretion -* **Discretion will watch over you, understanding will guard you** - AT: "Because you know what is right and wrong you will not be making mistakes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Discretion** - being careful in actions and speech -* **They will rescue you** - AT: "Discretion and understanding will rescue you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **from the way of evil, from those who speak perverse things** - These two phrases refer to two different aspects of evil to describe the full range of evil. AT: "from doing evil and talking in an evil way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **they abandon** - The word "they" refers to the people who speak perverse things. -* **abandon** - leave and never return to someone or something +the quality of being careful in actions and speech + +# watch over + +to guard, protect or take care of someone or something + +# They will rescue you from the way of evil + +"They" refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. AT: "You will know to stay away from what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from the way of evil + +Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who abandon the right paths and walk in the ways of darkness + +A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who abandon + +The word "who" refers to the people who speak perverse things. + +# abandon + +to leave and never return to someone or something \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/14.md b/pro/02/14.md index a4e0e7df67..66bd10c5e2 100644 --- a/pro/02/14.md +++ b/pro/02/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They rejoice +"They" refers to the same people as in [Proverbs 2:12](./11.md). -## translationNotes +# delight in the perversities of evil -* **They rejoice** - the evil people ([[:en:bible:notes:pro:02:11]]) rejoice -* **crooked** - "bent" or "not straight" +This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. AT: "delight in doing what they know is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They follow crooked paths + +People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. AT: "They deceive other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# using deception they hide their tracks + +People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. AT: "they lie so that no one will know what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/16.md b/pro/02/16.md index 62972f2fff..2f62898273 100644 --- a/pro/02/16.md +++ b/pro/02/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him. -## translationNotes +# Wisdom and discretion will save you -* The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him. -* **immoral** - violating God's rules of behavior -* **entice** - lead on by increasing hope or desire -* **and her flattering words** - "when she gives you praise she does not believe" +The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. AT: "If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the companion of her youth + +This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young. + +# the covenant of her God + +This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/18.md b/pro/02/18.md index f611fb2ed2..b66b46b1b1 100644 --- a/pro/02/18.md +++ b/pro/02/18.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# her house leads down to death -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +Possible meanings are 1) "going to her house leads to death" or 2) "the road to her house is the road to death." -## translationNotes +# her tracks will lead you -* **her house bows down to death** - Possible meanings: 1) "those who worship in her house die young" (see UDB) or 2) "those who go to where she is die young" or 3) "the road to her house is the road to death." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **her tracks** - "her way of life" or "the paths to her house" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **those in the grave** - "the dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **go in to her** - go into her house to have sexual relations with her, as one would with a prostitute (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **will not return again** - "will never again be part of society" +Possible meanings are 1) "the paths to her house will lead you." This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. AT: "her way of life will lead you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to those in the grave + +This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. AT: "to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# go in to her + +This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they will not find the paths of life + +Possible meanings are 1) "they will not return to the land of the living" or 2) "they will never live a happy life again." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/20.md b/pro/02/20.md index ca54358527..41453f3945 100644 --- a/pro/02/20.md +++ b/pro/02/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# So -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion. -## translationNotes +# you will walk in the way ... follow the paths -* **So** - because of being watched over and guarded by discretion and understanding ([[:en:bible:notes:pro:02:11]]) and so having been rescued from evil ways ([[:en:bible:notes:pro:02:16]]) and kept from the adulterous woman ([[:en:bible:notes:pro:02:20]]) -* **the faithless** - "people who do not keep promises" +A person's conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. AT: "you will live in the way ... follow the example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked will be cut off from the land + +The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the wicked ... the faithless + +These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are wicked ... those who are faithless" or "wicked people ... faithless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the faithless will be cut off from it + +The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will remove the faithless from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/intro.md b/pro/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b3a3feff7f --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Proverbs 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### My Son ##### +Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/01.md b/pro/03/01.md index 3de67a4838..d12335cee5 100644 --- a/pro/03/01.md +++ b/pro/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +The writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# do not forget my commands -* The writer uses again the form of a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **do not forget my commands** - remember my commands (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **length of days and years of life, and peace they will add to you** - AT: "they will give you a long, peaceful life." +The word "commands" can be translated as a verb. AT: "do not forget what I command you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# keep my teachings in your heart + +This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word "heart" represents the mind. The word "teachings" can be translated as a verb. AT: "always remember what I teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# length of days and years of life + +These two phrases share similar meanings and refer to living a long life. AT: "a long life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/03.md b/pro/03/03.md index 046552b288..3c4304dc42 100644 --- a/pro/03/03.md +++ b/pro/03/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave you -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The writer speaks of "covenant faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "trustworthy." And, the negative command can be stated positively. AT: "Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# tie them together about your neck -* **Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave you** - "Always be faithful and trustworthy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **write them on the tablet of your heart** - "make them part of your inner being so you do not forget them as if they were words written on stone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you will find favor...in the sight of God** - "God will show you how happy he is with you" (see UDB) -* **you will find...a good reputation...in the sight of...man** - "people...will think that you are a good person" +The writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. AT: "display them proudly like one would wear a necklace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# write them on the tablet of your heart + +Here the heart represents a person's mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. AT: "always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the sight of God and man + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in the judgment of God and man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/05.md b/pro/03/05.md index f5102eeec5..c30be6748c 100644 --- a/pro/03/05.md +++ b/pro/03/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# all your heart -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "heart" represents the inner person. AT: "your whole being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# do not lean on your own understanding -* **all your heart** - AT: "your whole being" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **lean on** - "depend on" -* **acknowledge him** - "recognize his authority" -* **he will make your paths straight** - AT: "he will direct your life in the best way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of relying on one's own understanding as if "understanding" were an object on which a person can lean. AT: "do not rely on your own understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in all your ways + +The writer speaks of a person's actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. AT: "in everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will make your paths straight + +The writer speaks of Yahweh making a person's actions prosperous as if that person's actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. AT: "he will give you success" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/07.md b/pro/03/07.md index 8bb1874368..178d5b5de0 100644 --- a/pro/03/07.md +++ b/pro/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be wise in your own eyes -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The writer speaks of a person's opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. AT: "Do not be wise in your own opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# turn away from evil -* **Do not be wise in your own eyes** - "Do not have too high an opinion of your own wisdom" or "Do not think of yourself as wise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. AT: "do not commit evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will be healing to your flesh + +The word "it" refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word "flesh" represents the whole body. AT: "If you do this, it will be healing for your body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/09.md b/pro/03/09.md index 7ce6086ffe..fdbdcfc123 100644 --- a/pro/03/09.md +++ b/pro/03/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# produce -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"harvest" -## translationNotes +# your storehouses will be filled up -* **produce** - "harvest" -* **storehouses** - houses where food is stored -* **bursting** - extremely full, as if ready to break open. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your storehouses will be full" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# storehouses + +buildings or rooms where food is stored + +# your vats will be bursting + +your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/11.md b/pro/03/11.md index a522a56c8d..58593f2222 100644 --- a/pro/03/11.md +++ b/pro/03/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer writes as a father teaching his son. -## translationNotes +# a son who pleases him -* The writer writes as a father teaching his child. +"a son in whom he delights." This refers to the father's affection for the son, and not to the father's approval of the son's behavior. AT: "a son whom he loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/13.md b/pro/03/13.md index a94922d345..72e9153b6a 100644 --- a/pro/03/13.md +++ b/pro/03/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who finds wisdom -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The writer speaks of "wisdom" as if it were an object that one finds. AT: "The one who attains wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# what silver will give in return -* Silver and gold are both referring to money. +This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/15.md b/pro/03/15.md index 42ddd57ccf..27e7f5b47d 100644 --- a/pro/03/15.md +++ b/pro/03/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# precious -* The author describes wisdom as a woman. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **precious** - "very valuable" or "costly" -* **nothing you desire can compare to her** - "wisdom is better than anything else you desire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **her right hand...her left hand** - "one hand...her other hand" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"valuable" or "costly" + +# She has length of days in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor + +The writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. AT: "Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# length of days + +This idiom refers to a long life. AT: "long life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/17.md b/pro/03/17.md index 9dee4c0b74..46f57a5c98 100644 --- a/pro/03/17.md +++ b/pro/03/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Her ways are ways of kindness and all her paths are peace -* [[en:tw:life]] +The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. AT: "Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# She is a tree of life to those who take hold of it -* The writer continues to picture wisdom as a woman. -* **She is a tree of life to those who take hold of it** - "Wisdom gives life to those who have it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **tree of life** - "tree that gives life" as trees give fruit +The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. AT: "Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a tree of life + +"a tree that gives life" or "a tree whose fruit sustains life" + +# those who hold on to it + +"those who hold on to its fruit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/19.md b/pro/03/19.md index 15ec992208..f1a484648c 100644 --- a/pro/03/19.md +++ b/pro/03/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh founded the earth ... established the heavens -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. AT: "Yahweh created the earth ... made the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the depths broke open -* **founded the earth** - "created the world" -* **dew** - water that forms on the ground at night +In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. AT: "he caused the rivers to flow" or "he caused the oceans to exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# dew + +water that forms on the ground at night \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/21.md b/pro/03/21.md index 1e22c703fc..a695808216 100644 --- a/pro/03/21.md +++ b/pro/03/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# do not lose sight of them -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. AT: "do not forget them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They will be life to your soul -* **do not lose sight of them** - "do not forget them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **adornment of favor** - a necklace that shows that God is pleased with the wearer +Here the word "soul" represents the person. AT: "They will be life for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# an adornment of favor to wear around your neck + +The writer speaks of "sound judgment" and "discernment" as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. AT: "a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# adornment of favor + +Possible meanings are 1) "a favorable adornment" or 2) "an adornment that displays Yahweh's favor." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/23.md b/pro/03/23.md index eb1d27fd7c..d3572ca3df 100644 --- a/pro/03/23.md +++ b/pro/03/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# you will walk on your way in safety -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +The writer speaks of living one's life as if the person were walking along a path. AT: "you will live your life in safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# your foot will not stumble -* **your foot will not stumble** - AT: "you will not do things that are wrong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your sleep will be sweet** - "your sleep will be pleasant" or "you will sleep peacefully" +The word "foot" represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. AT: "you will not do things that are wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when you lie down + +It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "when you lie down to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your sleep will be sweet + +The writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word "sleep" can be translated as a verb. AT: "your sleep will be pleasant" or "you will sleep peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/25.md b/pro/03/25.md index 61011808fa..1ab19c03a6 100644 --- a/pro/03/25.md +++ b/pro/03/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# devastation caused by the wicked, when it comes -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the wicked cause devastation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh will be on your side -* **will be on your side** - "will act to support and defend you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **keep your foot from being caught in a trap** - "protect you from those who want to harm you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Yahweh will be by your side." A person standing by another person's side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. AT: "Yahweh will support and defend you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will keep your foot from being caught in a trap + +The writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from "terror" and "devastation" as if the person were caught in a trap. The word "foot" represents the whole person. AT: "will protect you from those who want to harm you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/27.md b/pro/03/27.md index 903fb08f18..51e311e815 100644 --- a/pro/03/27.md +++ b/pro/03/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not withhold good -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +"Do not withhold good things" or "Do not withhold good actions" -## translationNotes +# when it is in your power to act -* **Do not withhold good from** - "Do good to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **withhold** - "hold back" -* **those who deserve it** - "those to whom you should give it" +"when you are able to help" + +# when you have the money with you + +"when you have the money with you now." The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/29.md b/pro/03/29.md deleted file mode 100644 index 743da1383f..0000000000 --- a/pro/03/29.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] - -## translationNotes - diff --git a/pro/03/31.md b/pro/03/31.md index daf5b10664..feae1af756 100644 --- a/pro/03/31.md +++ b/pro/03/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not ... choose any of his ways -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. AT: "Do not ... choose to imitate any of his ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the devious person is detestable to Yahweh -* **devious** - going away from the proper way; lying -* **detestable** - a person who should be hated -* **he brings the upright into his confidence** - Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. -* **the upright** - "the righteous" or "the honest" or "the just" This word should be understood as a plural. AT: "the upright people" +"Yahweh detests the devious person" + +# the devious person + +the person who is dishonest or deceitful + +# he brings the upright person into his confidence + +Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. AT: "Yahweh is a close friend to the upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/33.md b/pro/03/33.md index d902c6d9b8..24ac8fc05f 100644 --- a/pro/03/33.md +++ b/pro/03/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The curse of Yahweh is on the house of the wicked person -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer speaks of Yahweh's curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked person's house. The word "house" is a metonym for family. AT: "Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# he blesses the home of righteous people +The word "home" represents the family. AT: "he blesses the families of righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he gives his favor to humble people + +The writer speaks of Yahweh's favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. AT: "he shows his favor to humble people" or "he is gracious to humble people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/35.md b/pro/03/35.md index afda606bf6..8504d0f819 100644 --- a/pro/03/35.md +++ b/pro/03/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Wise people inherit honor -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. AT: "Wise people will obtain honor" or "Wise people will gain an honorable reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# fools will be lifted up in their shame -* **fools will be lifted up in their shame** - God will put fools where everyone can see how shameful they are (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/intro.md b/pro/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2e64e91b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Proverbs 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### My Son ##### +Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. + +##### Wisdom is feminine ##### + +You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/01.md b/pro/04/01.md index d67a244085..3902d80a9c 100644 --- a/pro/04/01.md +++ b/pro/04/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:good]] +The writer speaks as a father teaching his children. -## translationNotes +# pay attention -* **pay attention** - "listen carefully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **know what understanding is** - "understand what is wise" -* **I am giving you good instructions ** - "What I am teaching you is good" +"listen carefully" + +# you will know what understanding is + +"you will know how to understand" or "you will gain understanding" + +# I am giving you good instructions + +"What I am teaching you is good" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/03.md b/pro/04/03.md index ec9ddaec6c..3327914492 100644 --- a/pro/04/03.md +++ b/pro/04/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When I was a son of my father -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father's care. AT: "When I was still a boy learning from my father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the tender and only child -* **tender** - weak, loving, easily damaged -* **Let your heart hold fast to my words** - "Keep my teaching deep inside you" -* **hold fast** - "hold tightly" +Here the word "tender" refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word "only." AT: "the tender only child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# Let your heart hold fast to my words + +Here the word "heart" represents the person's mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. AT: "Always remember what I am teaching you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/05.md b/pro/04/05.md index d32a0e4213..e7e60e5034 100644 --- a/pro/04/05.md +++ b/pro/04/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him. -## translationNotes +# Acquire wisdom -* The father continues teaching his children. -* **acquire** - "work hard to gain for yourself" or "get" -* **do not forget** - "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **do not reject** - "accept" -* **do not abandon wisdom** - "hold tightly to wisdom" or "work hard to become wise -* **she will watch...love her...she will keep** - Being wise is having a mother or loving woman to guard and protect you. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom" or "Get wisdom" + +# do not forget + +"remember" + +# do not reject + +"accept" + +# the words of my mouth + +Here the word "mouth" represents the person who speaks. AT: "what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# do not abandon wisdom and she will watch over you; love her and she will keep you safe + +The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not abandon wisdom + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "hold tightly to wisdom" or "be faithful to wisdom" + +# love her + +"love wisdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/07.md b/pro/04/07.md index e030325e2a..1fb730b917 100644 --- a/pro/04/07.md +++ b/pro/04/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:crown]] +The father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him. -## translationNotes +# spend all you own so you can get understanding -* Verse 9 concludes the quote that started in verse 4. -* **acquire** - Translate as in [[en/bible/notes/pro/04/05]]. -* **spend all you own so you can get understanding** - "value understanding more than all you own" -* **cherish** - to feel or show great love for someone or something -* **she...she...She...she** - Translate the idea of wisdom as a mother or loving woman the way you did in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:04:05]]. -* **she will honor you when you embrace her** - AT: "people will honor you when you enjoy working hard to become wise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **embrace** - to put one's arms around another person as a way of expressing love or friendship -* **wreath** - a circular arrangement of leaves or flowers used to honor a person" -* **She will put a wreath of honor on your head** - AT: "People will honor you greatly for your wisdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"value understanding more than all you own" + +# Cherish wisdom and she will exalt you + +The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. AT: "If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Cherish + +to feel or show great love for someone or something + +# she will honor you when you embrace her + +The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. AT: "if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She will put a wreath of honor on your head + +The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that person's head. AT: "Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wreath + +a woven circle made of leaves or flowers + +# she will give you a beautiful crown + +The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that person's head. AT: "wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/10.md b/pro/04/10.md index f10568f029..6702a55e56 100644 --- a/pro/04/10.md +++ b/pro/04/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# pay attention to my words -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"listen carefully to what I teach you" -## translationNotes +# you will have many years in your life -* **pay attention to my words** - "listen to what I teach you" -* **direct** - to guide, or to show the way. -* **I lead you down straight paths** - AT: "I have taught you to think and do the right thing." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **When you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumble** - AT: "When you plan something you will succeed in doing it." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"you will live many years" + +# I direct you in the way of wisdom; I lead you down straight paths + +The writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. AT: "I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# When you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumble + +These two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. AT: "When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/13.md b/pro/04/13.md index b4d8efaee2..6913083c13 100644 --- a/pro/04/13.md +++ b/pro/04/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Hold on to instruction, do not let it go -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if "instruction" were an object that the person can hold tightly. AT: "Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# for it is your life -* **Hold on to discipline, do not let it go** - AT: Continue to obey what you have been taught." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for it is your life** - This phrase emphasizes the importance of discipline by equating it to a person's life. -* **Avoid it, do not go on it; turn away from it and go another way** - AT: "Be careful not to do evil. Instead do good." (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of discipline preserving a person's life as if it were that person's life. AT: "for it will preserve your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not follow the path of the wicked and do not go along the way of those who do evil + +The writer speaks of a person's actions as if that person were walking along a path. AT: "Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Avoid it + +"Avoid the path of the wicked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/16.md b/pro/04/16.md index 6711cdb1f1..afeb99f1a9 100644 --- a/pro/04/16.md +++ b/pro/04/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# they cannot sleep until they do evil -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# they are robbed of sleep -* **they cannot sleep until they do evil, and they are robbed of sleep until they cause someone to stumble** - Both parts of the verse mean "the wicked are compelled by something inside them to do evil. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **they eat the bread of wickedness** - the wicked live by wickedness (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. AT: "they are unable to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until they cause someone to stumble + +The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. AT: "until they harm someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. AT: "wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink" or 2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. AT: "they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/18.md b/pro/04/18.md index b8bae943a9..c5760adc18 100644 --- a/pro/04/18.md +++ b/pro/04/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the path of righteous people ... The way of the wicked -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people and wicked people as if they were a "path" or "way" upon which they walk. AT: "the lifestyle of righteous people ... The lifestyle of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter -* **the path of the one who does right is like the first light that grows brighter** - "the path of the one who does right has light shining on it that grows brighter and brighter, like at sunrise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. AT: "righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the first light + +This refers to the dawn or sunrise. + +# until the fullness of the day comes + +This refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. AT: "until the sun shines most brightly" or "until full daylight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The way of the wicked is like darkness + +The writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. AT: "Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they do not know what it is they stumble over + +The writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. AT: "they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/20.md b/pro/04/20.md index 2ea1de66b9..1f53bb341d 100644 --- a/pro/04/20.md +++ b/pro/04/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# pay attention -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"listen carefully" -## translationNotes +# incline your ear to my sayings -* **pay attention** - "listen carefully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Do not let them turn away from your eyes** - "Keep my words in mind so you do not forget them" +Here the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word "sayings" can be translated as a verb. AT: "listen attentively to the things that I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Do not let them turn away from your eyes + +The writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. AT: "Do not stop thinking about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keep them in your heart + +The writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within one's heart. AT: "always remember them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/22.md b/pro/04/22.md index b43791b796..d1f03f2337 100644 --- a/pro/04/22.md +++ b/pro/04/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my words are life -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The writer speaks of his words preserving a person's life as if they were that person's life. AT: "my words give life" or "the things I say give life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# to those who find them -* **my words are life** - "my words give life" -* **diligence** - constant and earnest effort; attention; care -* **Keep your heart safe and guard it with all diligence** - At: "The most important thing you can do is to think good thoughts.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **from it flow the springs of life** - AT: "from your heart come all the things you say and do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. AT: "to those who understand and practice them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# health to their whole body + +The word "their" refers to "those who find them." The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Keep your heart safe and guard it + +Here the word "heart" represents a person's mind and thoughts. AT: "Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with all diligence + +with constant and earnest effort + +# from it flow the springs of life + +The word "it" refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person's life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. AT: "from your thoughts comes everything you say and do" or "your thoughts determine your course of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/24.md b/pro/04/24.md index 17922d79e3..fef79495b2 100644 --- a/pro/04/24.md +++ b/pro/04/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Put crooked speech away from you and put corrupt talk far from you -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] +The writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. AT: "Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Let your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you -* **crooked** - not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful -* **Put crooked speech away from you** - AT: "Never tell lies" -* **and put corrupt talk far from you** - AT: "don't ever say things that are not true" -* **Let your eyes look straight ahead** - AT: "keep remembering your goal" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and fix your gaze straight before you** - AT: 'and plan to keep doing the right things" (See [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the word "eyes" represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. AT: "Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/26.md b/pro/04/26.md index ff3d58de9f..185199f2e2 100644 --- a/pro/04/26.md +++ b/pro/04/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Make a level path for your foot -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Here the word "foot" represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a person's actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. AT: "Make a level path to walk on" or "Prepare well what you want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a level path -* **Make a level path for your foot** - AT: "Make a level path to walk on" or "Prepare well what you want to do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **level** - "smooth" or "even" AT: "easy to walk upon" -* **a level path ... your ways** - A path or way refers to the manner in which you live. -* **secure** - "safe" -* **Do not turn aside to the right or to the left** - "Do not turn and go off the path" -* **turn your foot away from evil** - AT: "Turn away from evil" or "keep away from evil" -* **your foot** - "yourself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"a smooth path" or "an even path" + +# then all your ways will be secure + +The writer speaks of a person's actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. AT: "then everything that you do will be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not turn aside to the right or to the left + +The directions "right" and "left" form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. AT: "Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# turn your foot away from evil + +Here the word "foot" represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. AT: "turn away from evil" or "stay away from evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/intro.md b/pro/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7123b36295 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Proverbs 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### My Son ##### +Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. + +##### Wisdom is feminine ##### + +You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/01.md b/pro/05/01.md index bd2122e2db..84b48311aa 100644 --- a/pro/05/01.md +++ b/pro/05/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +The writer speaks as a father teaching his children. -## translationNotes +# incline your ears -* **My son ... my wisdom ... my understanding** - That is the son, wisdom, and understanding of the wise person who started teaching in chapter 1. -* **pay attention to my wisdom; listen carefully to my understanding** - These two phrases express the same idea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **discretion** - the quality of being careful with regard to one's actions and speech. See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/pro/01/04]]. -* **your lips** - AT: "you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **may protect knowledge** - AT: "will say the right thing" +Here the word "ears" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). AT: "listen attentively" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# discretion + +Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one's actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md). + +# your lips may protect knowledge + +Here the word "lips" represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person's lips were protecting knowledge. AT: "you will speak only what is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/03.md b/pro/05/03.md index 7657f0bd05..e1d3984170 100644 --- a/pro/05/03.md +++ b/pro/05/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the lips of an adulteress drip with honey +Possible meanings are 1) the word "lips" represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. AT: "the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey" or 2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. AT: "the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# her mouth is smoother than oil -* **lips of an adulteress drop with honey ... her mouth is smoother than oil** - These two phrases repeat the same idea to emphasize the danger. Possible meanings are 1) she will say what you want to hear 2) kissing her feels good in the beginning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **an adulteress** - This is not one particular woman in history, but she stands for any kind of sexual temptation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but in the end she is bitter as wormwood** - AT: "but in the end she will taste really bad" or "but later she will say very mean things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **wormwood** - A plant that tastes bitter. -* **cutting like a sharp sword** - AT: "speaking very hurtful words" or "causing a lot of pain" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the word "mouth" represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. AT: "her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil" or 2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. AT: "her kisses are smoother than olive oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but in the end she is as bitter as wormwood + +The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. AT: "but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wormwood + +a plant that tastes bitter + +# cutting like a sharp sword + +The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. AT: "she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/05.md b/pro/05/05.md index 40c83288db..4bf5f297e0 100644 --- a/pro/05/05.md +++ b/pro/05/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Her feet go down to death -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Here "her feet" represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. AT: "She is walking along a path that leads to death" or "Her lifestyle leads to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# her steps go all the way to Sheol -* **Her feet go down to death ... her steps go all the way to Sheol** - These two phrases repeat the same idea to emphasize how dangerous she is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Her feet go ... her steps go ... her footsteps wander** - AT: "She goes ... she goes ... she wanders" This is the adulteress from [[:en:bible:notes:pro:05:03]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Sheol** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:01:12]]. -* **She gives no thought to** - "She does not follow" or "She does not care about" -* **Her footsteps wander** - AT: "She walks around randomly" or "She walks without a sense of direction" +The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. AT: "she walks all the way to Sheol" or "her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She gives no thought to the path of life + +The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. AT: "She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life" or "She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Her footsteps wander + +Possible meanings are 1) "She wanders about as if she were lost" or 2) "She walks along the wrong path." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/07.md b/pro/05/07.md index ab8da02a6d..15c09dd55a 100644 --- a/pro/05/07.md +++ b/pro/05/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice. -## translationNotes +# listen to me ... do not turn away from listening -* **And now** - Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving concrete advice. -* **listen to me … do not turn away from listening …** - These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **do not turn away from listening** - AT: "always listen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **the words of my mouth** - AT: "my teachings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Keep your path away … do not come near** - These two phrases express the same idea to emphasize the importance of this advice. -* **Keep your path far away from her** - Possible meanings are 1) keep a physical distance between you and the adulteress and 2) do not live in a similar way as her. -* **do not come near** - "do not come close to" AT: "stay far away from" -* **the door of her house** - AT: "her" or "the adulteress" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# do not turn away from listening + +The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. AT: "do not stop listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the words of my mouth + +Here the word "mouth" represents the person who is speaking. AT: "my words" or "what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Keep your path far away from her + +Here the word "path" represents the person's daily conduct and circumstances. AT: "Keep yourself far away from her" or "Stay away from her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not come near the door of her house + +Here "the door of her house" represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word "go" instead of "come" since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. AT: "do not go near the door of her house" or "do not even go near her house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/09.md b/pro/05/09.md index 4b79255e24..83eca6d5f3 100644 --- a/pro/05/09.md +++ b/pro/05/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# In that way -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +"If you do this." This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses. -## translationNotes +# you will not give away your honor to others -* **Lest** - The word "lest" is used when someone says something in order to prevent something bad from happening. AT: "for fear that" -* **give away your honor to others** - Possible meanings are 1) you will lose the respect of other people (UDB) 2) what is honorable about you is lost because of what you gave to the adulteress. -* **give away years of your life to a cruel person** - The cruel person is the adulteress. -* **strangers feast upon ... the house of a stranger** - Possible meanings are 1) strangers will take your possessions (UDB) 2) the children you will have with the adulteress will take your inheritance. AT: "your bastard children enjoy your wealth, and your inheritance claimed by a family that is not your own" -* **feast upon** - AT: "hold a feast because they took" or "enjoy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Possible meanings for the word "honor" are 1) it refers to one's reputation. AT: "You will not lose your good reputation among other people" or 2) it refers to one's wealth and possessions. AT: "You will not give away your wealth to other people" or 3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one's life. AT: "You will not give away the best times of your life to other people" + +# or years of your life to a cruel person + +The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "or give years of your life to a cruel person" or "or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a cruel person + +This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her. + +# strangers will not feast on your wealth + +The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another person's wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. AT: "strangers will not take all of your wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what you have worked for will not go into the house of strangers + +Here the word "house" represents the person's family. AT: "the things that you have obtained will not end up belonging to the families of strangers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/11.md b/pro/05/11.md index f4504d2f8e..d119fbf71d 100644 --- a/pro/05/11.md +++ b/pro/05/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# your flesh and your body waste away +The words "flesh" and "body" mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. AT: "your body wastes away" or "you waste away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# waste away -* **you will groan** - AT: "you will say, "Oh, no!" " -* ** your flesh and your body** - The words "flesh" and "body" mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how horrible death is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **waste away** - AT: "physically wear down" or "become weak and unhealthy" -* **You will say** - AT: "You will think" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* ** I hated discipline ... my heart despised correction** - These two phrases repeat the same idea and are repeated to emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **my heart** - AT: "I" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **despised** - AT: "disliked very much" or "hated" -* **correction** - To correct someone is to point out a mistake he or she has made. AT: "that someone corrected me" or "the people who corrected me" +"physically wear down" or "become weak and unhealthy" + +# I hated instruction ... my heart despised correction + +These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# How I hated instruction + +The word "How" is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word "instruction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I hated it so much when someone would instruct me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my heart despised correction + +Here the word "heart" represents the person and his emotions. The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I despised people when they corrected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/13.md b/pro/05/13.md index d17b39793f..2db3c9b022 100644 --- a/pro/05/13.md +++ b/pro/05/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# incline my ear to my instructors +Here the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). AT: "listen to those who instructed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people -* **obey my teachers … listen to my instructors** - These two phrases are repeated to emphasize the important role teachers play in making someone wise. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **assembly … gathering of the people ** - Both words refer to a group of people who may have come together 1) to worship God, or 2) to decide on a legal matter. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person's community that has gathered together either 1) to worship God or 2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/15.md b/pro/05/15.md index 981c0aa13b..d1b567b337 100644 --- a/pro/05/15.md +++ b/pro/05/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# water from your own cistern ... running water from your own well +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# running water -* **water from your own cistern ... running water from your own well ...** - These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are meant to emphasize the importance of staying faithful. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **cistern** - "well" A cistern is a man-made place to store water. -* **running water** - "flowing water" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Should your springs ... flow in the public squares?** - Possible meanings are 1) a euphemism for immoral sexual behavior and/or 2) a metaphor for illegitimate children. At the same time it is also a hyperbole, since it exaggerates the number of people you have sex with and/or the amount of illegitimate children you have. And it is also a rhetorical question that needs to be answered with "no". AT: "So do not go out and have sex with everyone you meet, and do not fill the streets with your illegitimate children" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **public squares** - Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk. -* **Let them be** - The word "them" refers to the "springs" and "streams of water" and what they stand for. -* **not for strangers with you** - AT: "not for both strangers and you" or "exclusively for you; not for strangers too" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. AT: "fresh water" or "flowing water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Should your springs ... your streams of water flow in the public squares? + +The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. AT: "Your springs should not ... your streams of water should not flow in the public squares." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Should your springs ... your streams of water flow in the public squares? + +Here the words "springs" and "streams of water" are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are 1) sleeping with women other than one's wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one's water to flow in the public streets or 2) having children with women other than one's wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one's water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# public squares + +Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk. + +# Let them be + +The word "them" refers to the "springs" and "streams of water" and what they stand for. + +# not for strangers with you + +"do not share them with strangers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/18.md b/pro/05/18.md index ea16cbf430..11c80338df 100644 --- a/pro/05/18.md +++ b/pro/05/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# May your fountain be blessed -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +The writer speaks of the son's wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word "blessed" refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. AT: "May you always find joy with your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the wife of your youth -* **May your fountain be blessed** - The student's wife is compared to a fountain. Possible meanings of "be blessed" are 1) that his wife will always give him joy 2) that his wife will bear him healthy children. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the wife of your youth** - AT: "the woman you married when you were young" (UDB) or "your first-and-only wife" -* **a loving deer and a graceful doe** - These two terms mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The student's wife is compared to a beautiful, kind animal as a compliment. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **graceful** - This word does not mean "full of grace", but it means "looking beautiful while moving". -* **Let her breasts fill you with delight** - Possible reasons for focusing on her breasts are 1) seeing her breasts causes sexual desire, or 2) just as breasts give milk to feed babies, so they should feed your happiness. If you translate it according to the first reason, you can choose another part of a woman's body that causes sexual desire in your culture. If you translate it according to the second reason, you can translate it as a simile: "Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother's breasts fill her child with food." -* **be captivated always by her love** - AT: "let her love always hold your attention and interest" -* **by her love** - Possible meanings are 1) "by your love for her" or 2) "by her love for you." AT: "because you love her so much" or "because she loves you" +Possible meanings are 1) "the wife whom you married when you were young" or 2) "your young wife." + +# she is a loving deer and a graceful doe + +The writer speaks of the son's wife as if she were "a loving deer and a graceful doe." Here "deer" and "doe" mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. AT: "she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe" or "she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# graceful + +This word does not mean "full of grace," but "beautiful while moving." + +# Let her breasts satisfy you + +Possible meanings are 1) the wife's breasts excite the husband's sexual desire and possibly represent the wife's entire body. AT: "Let her breasts satisfy your desires" or "Let her body satisfy your desires" or 2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife's breasts satisfying the husband's desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. AT: "Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother's breasts fill her child with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may you be continually intoxicated by her love + +Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of one's wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. AT: "let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by her love + +Possible meanings are 1) "by your love for her" or 2) "by her love for you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/20.md b/pro/05/20.md index 072827c882..499380db46 100644 --- a/pro/05/20.md +++ b/pro/05/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman? +The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. AT: "My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# be captivated by an adulteress -* **For why should you ... the breasts of a strange woman?** - "My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of a strange woman!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress** - AT: "why should an adulteress captivate you, my son" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **adulteress** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:05:03]]. -* **a stranger** - "a strange woman" AT: "a woman who is not your wife" -* **... sees everything ... watches all the paths ...** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how carefully God pays attention to you. Therefore you can also translate in second person: "Yahweh sees everything you do and watches all the paths you take" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **all the paths he takes** - AT: "everwhere he goes" or "everything he does" +Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. AT: "allow an adulteress to captivate you" or "allow an adulteress to fascinate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman + +Here the word "breasts" represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. AT: "why should you embrace an immoral woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# an immoral woman + +Possible meanings are 1) "a woman who is not your wife" or 2) "a woman who is another man's wife." + +# sees everything ... watches all the paths + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# all the paths he takes + +The writer speaks of a person's actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. AT: "everywhere he goes" or "everything he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/22.md b/pro/05/22.md index 1c793be230..6bc52804a4 100644 --- a/pro/05/22.md +++ b/pro/05/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities +The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "A wicked person's own iniquities will seize him" or "A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the cords of his sin will hold him tight -* **A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities** - This implies that wicked people will die as a punishment for their sin. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the cords of his sin will hold him tight** - Sin is pictured here as a small trap for birds that works with cords. AT: "he is no longer free from his desire to sin." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he is led astray by his great foolishness** - AT: "his great foolishness leads him astray" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **by his great foolishness** - AT: "because he acted very stupidly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. AT: "because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is led astray by his great foolishness + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his great foolishness leads him astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by his great foolishness + +"because he is very foolish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/intro.md b/pro/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba5cf787dd --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Proverbs 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### My Son ##### +Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. + +##### Adulteress ##### + +This chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/01.md b/pro/06/01.md index 92cdddfb9a..30a1fcfb71 100644 --- a/pro/06/01.md +++ b/pro/06/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# set aside your money +Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. AT: "had to save up some of your money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# a guarantee for your neighbor's loan -* **if … if … then** - These two verses present an if-then construction. -* **set aside your money** - Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up. AT: "had to save up some of your money" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **a guarantee for your neighbor's loan** - Possible meanings are 1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan 2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot. -* **neighbor** - this same Hebrew word can also mean "friend" -* **you have laid a trap for yourself** - AT: "you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the words of your mouth** - AT: "what you said" or "what you promised to do" +Possible meanings are 1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or 2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot. + +# neighbor + +This same Hebrew word can also mean "friend." + +# you have laid a trap for yourself + +This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. AT: "you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the words of your mouth + +"what you said" or "what you promised to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/03.md b/pro/06/03.md index 9ec387e414..6abb46f82e 100644 --- a/pro/06/03.md +++ b/pro/06/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# save yourself +"protect yourself" or "help yourself out of these problems" -## translationNotes +# you have fallen into the hand of your neighbor -* **In that case ** - This is the result of the if-then construction that came before. -* **save yourself** - AT: "protect yourself" or "help yourself out of these problems" -* **you are at the mercy of your neighbor** - AT: "your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to" or "you neighbor has power over you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **neighbor** - "friend" +This is a figure of speech using the term "hand" to mean "harm." AT: "your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to" or "your neighbor has power over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# neighbor + +"friend" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/04.md b/pro/06/04.md index 73bc0e7aff..4c66fc4b2d 100644 --- a/pro/06/04.md +++ b/pro/06/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Give your eyes no sleep and your eyelids no slumber +"Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber." These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. AT: "Stay awake, and do what you can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# your eyes ... your eyelids -* **Give your eyes no sleep and your eyelids no slumber** - "Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber." These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. AT: "Stay awake, and do what you can" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **your eyes ... your eyelids** - AT: "yourself ... yourself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter** - AT: "Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **gazelle** - This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly. -* **from the hand of the hunter** - The hand of the hunter refers to the hunter's control. AT: "from the control of the hunter" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **like a bird from the hand of the fowler** - AT: "and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. AT: "yourself ... yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter + +"Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter" + +# gazelle + +This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly. + +# from the hand of the hunter + +The hand of the hunter refers to the hunter's control. AT: "from the control of the hunter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# like a bird from the hand of the fowler + +"and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/06.md b/pro/06/06.md index 6df71acf83..1666ce0f4d 100644 --- a/pro/06/06.md +++ b/pro/06/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Look at ... consider +"Study ... think about" or "carefully observe ... ponder" -## translationNotes +# ant -* **Look at … consider** - AT: "Study … think about" or "carefully observe … ponder" -* **ant** - An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are. -* **consider her ways** - AT: "consider how the ant behaves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **commander, officer, or ruler** - These three words basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **it prepares its food in the summer … during the harvest it stores up what it will eat** - These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **summer** - Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit. +An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are. + +# consider her ways + +This is a figure of speech using the "ways" of an ant to refer to the behavior of the ant. AT: "consider how the ant behaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# commander, officer, or ruler + +These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# it prepares its food in the summer ... during the harvest it stores up what it will eat + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# summer + +Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/09.md b/pro/06/09.md index 3d0d7c7058..db02aa7bea 100644 --- a/pro/06/09.md +++ b/pro/06/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# How long will you sleep ... When will you rise from your sleep? +The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. AT: "Wake up, you lazy person! Get out of your bed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# A little sleep ... of the hands to rest -* **How long will you sleep ... When will you rise from your sleep?** - The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **A little more sleep ... of the hands to rest** - These are the kinds of things that lazy people say. -* **A little more sleep, a little more slumber** - AT: "I'll just sleep a little more. Let me sleep lightly a little" -* **folding of the hands to rest** - AT: "I'll just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and your poverty will come** - The fact that this is a result of being lazy can be made clear. AT: "If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come" or "While you sleep, poverty will come" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **your poverty will come to you like a robber** - The sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. AT: "you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **your needs like an armed soldier** - AT: "and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier" or "and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things" -* **an armed soldier** - AT: "a soldier who is holding a weapon" or "a man with a weapon" +These are the kinds of things that lazy people say. + +# A little sleep, a little slumber + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. They can be stated as complete sentences. AT: "I will just sleep a little longer. Let me sleep lightly a little longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# folding of the hands to rest + +People often fold their hands while reclining in order to rest more comfortably. AT: "I will just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and your poverty will come + +This can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. AT: "If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come" or "While you sleep, poverty will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your poverty will come like a robber + +The sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. AT: "you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# and your needs like an armed soldier + +The sudden way a lazy person becomes in need of things is like the sudden way an armed soldier takes things from a person. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier" or "and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# an armed soldier + +"a soldier who is holding a weapon" or "a man with a weapon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/12.md b/pro/06/12.md index f758e770db..124f4a7a43 100644 --- a/pro/06/12.md +++ b/pro/06/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A worthless person—a wicked man +These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. AT: "A person with no value—an evil man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# lives by the crookedness of his speech -* **A worthless person—a wicked man** - These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. AT: "A person with no value–an evil man" -* **lives by the crookedness of his speech** - AT: "constantly tells lies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **winking his eyes** - If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else. AT: "trying to gain your trust by a certain way of looking" -* **winking his eyes, making signals with his feet, and pointing with his fingers** - All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people. +Here lies are spoken of as speech that is crooked. AT: "constantly tells lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# winking his eyes, making signals with his feet and pointing with his fingers + +All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people. + +# winking his eyes + +If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/14.md b/pro/06/14.md index 7ee109a07d..26b4334344 100644 --- a/pro/06/14.md +++ b/pro/06/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He plots evil +"He plans evil" or "He prepares to do evil deeds" -## translationNotes +# he always stirs up discord -* **He plots evil** - "He plans evil" AT: "He prepares to do evil deeds" -* **he always stirs up discord** - "he always causes discord" AT: "he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it" -* **Therefore** - "For that reason" -* **his disaster** - That is the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused. -* **overtake** - That implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **in an instant, in a moment** - Both mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by "suddenly" or "very quickly". +"he always causes discord" or "he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it" + +# Therefore + +"For that reason" + +# his disaster will overtake him + +This implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. AT: "his disaster will catch him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# his disaster + +This refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused. + +# in an instant; in a moment + +Both mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by "suddenly" or "very quickly". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/16.md b/pro/06/16.md index 3a29011e7b..d514cd6f9f 100644 --- a/pro/06/16.md +++ b/pro/06/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# six things that Yahweh hates, seven that +This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. AT: "six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# that are disgusting to him -* **six things that Yahweh hates, seven that** - "six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that" This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **that are disgusting to him** - AT: "that make him feel disgust" or "that make you disgusting according to him" +"that make him feel disgust" or "that make you disgusting according to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/17.md b/pro/06/17.md index 53d449d2c4..78a0469618 100644 --- a/pro/06/17.md +++ b/pro/06/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] +This is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in [Proverbs 6:16](./16.md). -## translationNotes +# eyes ... tongue ... hands ... heart ... feet -* **eyes ... tongue ... hands ... heart ... feet** - All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with "people who." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **shed the blood of** - AT: "kill" or "murder" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **wicked schemes** - "evil plans" -* **breathes out lies** - AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **discord** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:06:14]]. -* **one who sows discord** - "a person who sows discord" AT: "a person who causes discord" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with "people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# shed the blood of + +"kill" or "murder" + +# wicked schemes + +"evil plans" + +# breathes out lies + +This figure of speech uses "breathes" to refer to lying constantly. AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# discord + +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 6:14](./14.md). + +# one who sows discord + +This figure of speech is using "sows" to refer to causing or bringing about discord. AT: "a person who causes discord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/20.md b/pro/06/20.md index d07afa22da..1b5bde63a9 100644 --- a/pro/06/20.md +++ b/pro/06/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# obey the command of your father ... do not forsake the teaching of your mother +These two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both "father" and "mother" explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# do not forsake the teaching of your mother -* **obey the command of your father ... do not forsake the teaching of your mother** - These two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both "father" and "mother" explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **do not forsake the teaching of your mother** - AT: "obey the teaching of your mother" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **bind them on your heart; tie them about your neck** - These two phrases basically mean the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bind them on your heart** - AT: "love them" or "think about them" +This figure of speech is using the negative "forsake" to mean the positive "obey". AT: "obey the teaching of your mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# bind them on your heart; tie them about your neck + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bind them on your heart + +"love them" or "think about them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/22.md b/pro/06/22.md index 11024ad639..087aaa7a75 100644 --- a/pro/06/22.md +++ b/pro/06/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# When you walk ... when you sleep ... when you wake up -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:light]] +These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# they will guide you ... they will watch over you ... they will teach you -* **When you walk … when you sleep … when you wake up** - These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **they will guide you … they will watch over you … they will teach you** - The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the commands … the teaching … the reproofs of discipline** - Threse three phrases basically mean the same thing and together show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. -* **a lamp … a light … the way of life** - All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. AT: "as useful as a lamp … as helpful as light in the darkness … as necessary to follow as the way of life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the way of life** - AT: "the way that leads to life" or "the way of living that God approves of" +The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the commands ... the teaching ... the corrections that come by instruction + +These three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a lamp ... a light ... the way of life + +All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. AT: "as useful as a lamp ... as helpful as light in the darkness ... as necessary to follow as the way of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the way of life + +"the way that leads to life" or "the way of living that God approves of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/24.md b/pro/06/24.md index e053d5c3e6..18e63a96af 100644 --- a/pro/06/24.md +++ b/pro/06/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It keeps you from -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] +Here the word "it" refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [Proverbs 6:20](./20.md). AT: "It saves you from" or "It protects you from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# the immoral woman ... an immoral woman -* **It keeps you from** - "It saves you from" or "It protects you from" The word "it" here refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:06:20]]. -* **the immoral woman … the adulteress** - These two words basically mean the same thing. See how you translated the word "adulteress" in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:05:03]]. -* **immoral** - "morally evil" -* **her beauty** - AT: "what is beautiful about her" or "her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **capture** - AT: "gain control over" -* **her eyelashes** - The eyelashes stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man's attention. AT: "her beautiful eyes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing. See how you translated the word "adulteress" in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md). + +# immoral + +"morally evil" + +# in your heart + +Here "heart" represents the mind. AT: "in your thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# her beauty + +"what is beautiful about her." This can also be a metonym for the woman. AT: "her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# capture + +"gain control over" + +# her eyelashes + +The "eyelashes" stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man's attention. AT: "her beautiful eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/26.md b/pro/06/26.md index d6c8f3850d..aa629f1921 100644 --- a/pro/06/26.md +++ b/pro/06/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the price of a loaf of bread +This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. AT: "a little bit" -## translationNotes +# may cost you your very life -* **Sleeping with** - "having sex with" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **the price of a loaf of bread** - AT: "a little bit" This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. -* **may cost you your very life** - Possible meanings are 1) the wife of another man will distroy your life because she always wants more 2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you. -* **Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes?** - This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is "no." AT: "Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **his clothes** - His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **be burned** - AT: "be destroyed" +Possible meanings are 1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or 2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you. + +# Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes? + +This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is "no". AT: "Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# without burning + +"without destroying" or "and not destroy" + +# his clothes + +His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/28.md b/pro/06/28.md index 7541b3901c..5f9037ecb6 100644 --- a/pro/06/28.md +++ b/pro/06/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet? +Walking on hot coals will scorch a person's feet, so the implied answer is "no." AT: "Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# walk on hot coals -* **Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet?** - Walking on hot coals will scorch a person's feet, so the implied answer is "no." AT: "Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **walk on hot coals** - This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **walk** - That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic. -* **scorching** - AT: "burning" -* **goes into … has relations with her** - "has sex with … has sex with her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **will not go unpunished** - "will be punished" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walk + +That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic. + +# scorching + +"burning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/30.md b/pro/06/30.md index 0d5866e0c5..855244efc4 100644 --- a/pro/06/30.md +++ b/pro/06/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# despise a thief -* [[en:tw:thief]] +"do not regard a thief with contempt" or "do not think a thief is evil" -## translationNotes +# if he is caught -* **despise a thief** - AT: "regard a thief with contempt" or "think a thief is evil" -* **if he is caught** - AT: "if someone catches him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in his house** - AT: "that he owns" ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone catches him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in his house + +This figure of speech is saying that everything in his house is all that he owns. AT: "that he owns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/32.md b/pro/06/32.md index a13806a1d7..443b2f0776 100644 --- a/pro/06/32.md +++ b/pro/06/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The one -* [[en:tw:adultery]] +"The person" or "The man" -## translationNotes +# what he deserves -* **The one** - AT: "The person" or "The man" -* **what he deserves** - AT: "the appropriate punishment for what he has done" -* **his disgrace** - AT: "the memory of his shameful act" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will not be wiped away** - AT: "will not be forgotten" or "will always remain" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"the appropriate punishment for what he has done" + +# his disgrace + +This figure of speech is using the term "disgrace" to refer to the feeling of him acting shamefully. AT: "the memory of his shameful act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not be wiped away + +This figure of speech is using the negative "will not be wiped away" to refer to it always being there. AT: "will always remain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/34.md b/pro/06/34.md index 55d911c869..7f8869c0bb 100644 --- a/pro/06/34.md +++ b/pro/06/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# furious -* [[en:tw:gift]] +"very angry" -## translationNotes +# he will show no mercy -* **furious** - "very angry" -* **he will show no mercy** - The "he" is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. AT: "he will not limit the pain he will cause you" or "he will hurt you as much as he can" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **when he takes his revenge** - "in the moment of his revenge" AT: "when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge" -* **takes his revenge** - If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first. -* **compensation** - "payment" -* **bought off** - This happens when someone is paid money so he will not carry out a certain action -* **though** - "even though" AT: "despite the fact that" -* **offer** - "give" AT: "promise" +The "he" is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. AT: "he will not limit the pain he will cause you" or "he will hurt you as much as he can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# when he takes his revenge + +"in the moment of his revenge" or "when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge" + +# takes his revenge + +If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first. + +# compensation + +"payment" + +# he cannot be bought off + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# off, though + +"off. This will be true even if" + +# offer + +"give" or "promise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/intro.md b/pro/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ed885197a --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Proverbs 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### My Son ##### + +Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. + +##### Adulteress ##### + +The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) + +##### Numbers ##### + +Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader's attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Animals used as types ##### + +The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/01.md b/pro/07/01.md index a91144f218..dffe999f95 100644 --- a/pro/07/01.md +++ b/pro/07/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# keep my words +Here keeping represents obeying. AT: "obey my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# store up my commands within yourself -* **keep my words** - AT: "remember my words" -* **store up my commands within you** - "memorize my commands" -* **the apple of your eye** - "a treasure" or "something you cherish" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). -* **my instruction** - AT: "what I have taught you" or "what I have commanded you" -* **write them on the tablet of your heart** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/pro/03/03]]. +Here God's commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. AT: "memorize my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keep my instruction + +Here keeping represents obeying. AT: "obey my instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as the apple of your eye + +The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here "the apple of the eye" represents whatever a person values and protects the most. AT: "as your most valuable possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). + +# Tie them on your fingers + +Possible meanings are 1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or 2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God's commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# write them on the tablet of your heart + +Here the heart represents a person's mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). AT: "remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/04.md b/pro/07/04.md index e720c48e9d..6cfe6897a4 100644 --- a/pro/07/04.md +++ b/pro/07/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Say to wisdom, "You are my sister +Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. AT: "Value wisdom as you would love your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# call understanding your kinsman -* **Say to wisdom "You are my sister** - Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. AT: "Treat wisdom as you would treat your sister" or "Love wisdom as you would love your sister" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **call understanding your kinsman** - Here kinsman is spoken of as if it were a person. AT: Treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **kinsman** - "relative" or "family member" -* **the seductive woman** - "any woman who tries to get a man to commit adultery with her" -* **with her smooth words** - "whose words sound nice but are deceitful" +Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. AT: "treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# kinsman + +"relative" or "family member" + +# the adulterous woman + +This refers to any woman to whom a man is not married. AT: "the woman whom you should have nothing to do with" + +# the immoral woman + +This refers to any woman who is not known to a man. + +# with her smooth words + +Words intended to deceive are spoken of as if they were smooth objects. AT: "who says pleasant things, but wants to deceive you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/06.md b/pro/07/06.md index 8e080dbdce..8d5259e43d 100644 --- a/pro/07/06.md +++ b/pro/07/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# lattice +a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern -## translationNotes +# naive -* **lattice** - a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern -* **judgment** - "wisdom" or "the ability to make wise decisions" +"inexperienced" or "immature" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/08.md b/pro/07/08.md index 2b583d224c..cc351221b0 100644 --- a/pro/07/08.md +++ b/pro/07/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# her corner +Here "her" refers to any female stranger, as referred to in [Proverbs 07:05](./04.md). She was standing at a certain corner, waiting for a suitable man to pass by. AT: "the corner where a female stranger was standing" -## translationNotes +# corner -* **her corner ... her house** - The word "her" refers to the adulteress. -* **corner** - This refers to where two roads meet. -* **twilight** - the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night +This refers to where two roads meet. + +# twilight + +the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/10.md b/pro/07/10.md index ff2fe94ca1..9d58c69fec 100644 --- a/pro/07/10.md +++ b/pro/07/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# with a false heart +Here "heart" represents intentions or plans. AT: "she planned to deceive someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# She was loud and wayward -* **she knew why she was there** - "she went there with a definite purpose" -* **She is loud and wayward** - AT: "She is loud and has turned away from what is right" or "She spoke loudly and did not want to do what was right" -* **her feet do not stay at home** - The phrase "her feet" refers to her. AT: "she does not stay at home" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **she lies in wait** - "She waits to trap a man" +"She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to" + +# her feet did not stay at home + +The phrase "her feet" represent the woman. AT: "she did not stay at home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# she waited in ambush + +Here the woman is spoken of as if she were preparing to physically trap a person or an animal. Also, the idea of trapping someone here represents persuading someone to commit sin. AT: "she waited to trap someone" or "she waited to find someone she could persuade to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/13.md b/pro/07/13.md index 049b75ae6f..56f4d1adfd 100644 --- a/pro/07/13.md +++ b/pro/07/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# she +"She" refers to the woman that was introduced in [Proverbs 7:10](./10.md). -## translationNotes +# grabbed him -* **she** - She is the woman that was introduced in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:07:10]]. -* **grabs him** - "takes hold of him firmly" -* **with a bold face** - AT: "with a shameless expression on her face" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **your face** - AT: "you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"took hold of him firmly" + +# with a strong face + +Here "strong" represents "stubborn." A "strong face" means a stubborn expression on a person's face. This implies that the woman is acting in a stubborn way, that she is deliberately doing what she knows is wrong. AT: "with a shameless expression on her face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I paid my vows + +Here "vows" represents what the person promised to sacrifice to God. AT: "I made the sacrifices I promised to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seek your face + +Here "face" represents the person and especially the person's presence. AT: "look for you" or "find out where you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/16.md b/pro/07/16.md index 474b5b49a1..fac93a1880 100644 --- a/pro/07/16.md +++ b/pro/07/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# sprinkled my bed with -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"scattered on my bed" -## translationNotes +# aloes -* **coverings on my bed** - "blankets on my bed" -* **perfumed my bed** - "put sweet-smelling scents on my bed" -* **aloes** - A type of wood from a tree that smells good. -* **cinnamon** - This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good. -* **let us take our fill of love till morning** - This means to make love the whole night. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +A type of wood from a tree that smells good. + +# cinnamon + +This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good. + +# let us drink our fill of love + +Here the pleasures of romantic love are spoken of as if they were something good to drink. AT: "let us make love to each other as much as we want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/19.md b/pro/07/19.md index 42a071cf44..a3114268a6 100644 --- a/pro/07/19.md +++ b/pro/07/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# is not at his house +"is not at home" -## translationNotes +# full moon -* **her ... she ... him** - The female is the married woman who wants to have sex with "him," the young man. -* **full moon** - The moon is "full" when it is a perfectly round disk. -* **seductive talk ... smooth talk** - Both of these words basically mean the same thing and describe the woman using words to tempt the young man to have sex with her. AT: "sensual talk ... sweet words" or "sexual way of talking ... flattering speech" -* **she compels him** - "she seduces him" AT: "she convinces him to commit adultery" +The moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest. + +# she turned him + +To persuade someone to act in a certain way is spoken of as if it were changing the direction that person was walking. AT: "she persuaded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her ... she ... him + +The female is the married woman who wants to sleep with "him," the young man. + +# smooth lips + +Here "lips" represents what a person says. When a person flatters someone else by saying things that are not sincere, these words are spoken of as if they were a smooth object. AT: "flattering, deceiving words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she misled him + +"she persuaded him to do something evil" AT: "she convinced him to sin with her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/22.md b/pro/07/22.md index 510a287399..cf2368c825 100644 --- a/pro/07/22.md +++ b/pro/07/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He went after her suddenly -* [[en:tw:ox]] +This seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. AT: "He quickly decided to go after her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# like an ox going ... into a snare -* **like an ox going ... into a snare** - The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way three animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **deer** - See how you translated this animal in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:05:18]]. -* **it will cost him his life** - AT: "it will kill him" or "that he will die soon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way three animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# slaughter + +This refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat. + +# deer + +See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:19](../05/18.md). + +# until an arrow pierces through its liver + +This passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. AT: "until a hunter shoots it in its most important part" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# liver + +Here this organ represents a very important part of the deer's body. + +# it would cost his life + +This is a way of saying that this person will die as a result. AT: "it would kill him" or "he would die soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/24.md b/pro/07/24.md index dce306c64d..7e7c8ecf84 100644 --- a/pro/07/24.md +++ b/pro/07/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now +This is to focus the attention of the speaker's sons on the conclusion of this lesson. -## translationNotes +# May your heart not turn aside onto her paths -* **And now** - This is to focus the attention of the son on the conclusion of this lesson. -* **Do not let your heart turn aside to her ways** - AT: "Let your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) Possible meanings are 1) "Stay far away from her" or 2) "Do not behave as she does." -* **your heart** - AT: "yourself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **do not go astray into her paths** - This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **do not go astray into** - AT: "stay far away from" or "stay on the right path, and avoid" +Here "ways" means the paths that a person chooses to walk on. It represents the person's behavior, the things that he decides to do in life. AT: "Make your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman" or "Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your heart + +Here "heart" represents a person, emphasizing his desires. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# do not be led astray onto her paths + +This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. AT: "do not leave the right path in order to go on her paths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/26.md b/pro/07/26.md index 6e0cec9ac2..57cc6185a9 100644 --- a/pro/07/26.md +++ b/pro/07/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# She has caused many people to fall down pierced +Being pierced by spears or arrows represents being killed. AT: "She has caused many people to fall dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Her house is on the paths to Sheol ... they go down -* **brought down** - On the one hand it is an idiom for "ruined" (UDB) or "destroyed", but it also begins the metaphor of entering sheol which is always described as down. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Her house** - AT: "She" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Her house is on the road to sheol, it goes** - AT: "Her destination is sheol; she is going down" -* **the rooms of death** - This expression pictures the dead as lying in many different rooms in sheol. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **on the road to sheol ... down to the rooms of death** - These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the adulteress will be destroyed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "paths" represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead. + +# on the paths to Sheol ... down to the dark bedrooms of death + +These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the woman's victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the dark bedrooms of death + +This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/intro.md b/pro/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdc16ebeb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Proverbs 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Parallelism ##### + +Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice. + +##### My Son ##### + +Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to "my son". This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son. + +##### Adulteress ##### + +This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/01.md b/pro/08/01.md index e3520d27ef..b05c873fd5 100644 --- a/pro/08/01.md +++ b/pro/08/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]])\\ -* Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Does not Wisdom call out?** - This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. AT: "Wisdom calls out" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Does not Understanding raise her voice?** - AT: "Understanding shouts loudly" -* **the city gate** - This is where people go in and out of a city that has a wall around it. -* **she calls out ** - "Wisdom calls out for the people to listen to her" +Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Does not Wisdom call out? + +This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. AT: "Wisdom calls out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does not Wisdom call out? + +Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: 1) "Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?" 2) "Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Does not Understanding raise her voice? + +Here "Understanding" means the same as "Wisdom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the gates at the entrance into the city + +In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them. + +# she calls out + +This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/04.md b/pro/08/04.md index b32f632550..f0a507c43c 100644 --- a/pro/08/04.md +++ b/pro/08/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4-36. -## translationNotes +# my voice is for the sons of mankind -* Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4 through 36. -* **prudence** - wisdom or good sense +Here "voice" represents the words that are spoken. AT: "my words are for the sons of mankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sons of mankind + +This is metonymy representing all human beings. AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# naive + +"inexperienced, immature" + +# learn wisdom + +The abstract word "wisdom' refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. AT: "learn how a wise person acts" or "learn what it means to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you must get an understanding mind + +"you must begin to understand things with your mind" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/06.md b/pro/08/06.md index 35851d9b5b..e8d287f9af 100644 --- a/pro/08/06.md +++ b/pro/08/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# when my lips open +Here "lips" represents a person's mouth, with which he speaks. AT: "when I open my mouth to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# upright -* **when my lips open** - "when I open my mouth to speak" -* **right** - "proper" or "just" +"proper" or "just" + +# my mouth speaks + +Here "mouth" represents a person who speaks. AT: "I speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# what is trustworthy + +"what people should believe" + +# wickedness is disgusting to my lips + +Here "lips" represents a person who is speaking. AT: "wickedness is disgusting to me" or "saying wicked things would be disgusting to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# wickedness + +Here the abstract noun "wickedness" represents wicked speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/08.md b/pro/08/08.md index 1f8c4669aa..7c8f6d4386 100644 --- a/pro/08/08.md +++ b/pro/08/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the words of my mouth +The "mouth" stands for the person who is speaking. AT: "The things I teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# twisted -* **my words are straight for the one who understands** - "my words are clear to those who are wise" +"false" + +# straight + +"honest and clear" + +# my words are upright for those who find knowledge + +This probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speaker's words are upright. Here "words" represent a message or teaching. AT: "those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# upright + +"honest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/10.md b/pro/08/10.md index 09143e5d31..78ff57f8cd 100644 --- a/pro/08/10.md +++ b/pro/08/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Acquire my instruction rather than silver +"You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver" -## translationNotes +# For Wisdom is better than jewels; no treasure is equal to her -* **Choose my instruction over silver** - AT: "Desire what I teach more than silver" +Here Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. AT: "For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/12.md b/pro/08/12.md index 71c087ecc4..992f6d5f13 100644 --- a/pro/08/12.md +++ b/pro/08/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I, Wisdom, live with Prudence -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Prudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Prudence -* **I, Wisdom, live with Prudence** - Prudence is also represented here as a person. -* **Prudence** - "caution" or "good judgment" -* **I possess knowledge and discretion** - "I am knowledgeable and discreet" -* **discretion** - being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others -* **perverted speech** - "wicked talk" -* **perverted** - turned from what is right; distorted +"caution" or "good judgment" + +# I possess knowledge and discretion + +The abstract ideas "knowledge" and "discrete" can be expressed in other ways. AT: "I am knowledgeable and discreet" or "I know many things, and I am careful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# discretion + +being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others + +# perverted speech + +"wicked talk" + +# perverted + +turned from what is right \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/14.md b/pro/08/14.md index 97124746e0..807c757581 100644 --- a/pro/08/14.md +++ b/pro/08/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# good advice +"wise suggestions" -## translationNotes +# advice -* **give good advice** - "make wise suggestions" -* **advice** - counsel that is given to help someone -* **sound** - good, reliable -* **noblemen** - leading members of an important family +counsel that is given to help someone + +# sound + +good, reliable + +# I am insight + +Here Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. AT: "I have insight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# nobles + +noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/17.md b/pro/08/17.md index 387ac37efd..1764ae776c 100644 --- a/pro/08/17.md +++ b/pro/08/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# love -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. -## translationNotes +# diligently -* **diligently** - with careful and continued effort -* **With me are riches and honor** - "I give riches and honor" -* **enduring wealth and righteousness** - This explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” AT: "I give enduring wealth and righteousness" or “People who find me find enduring wealth and righteousness” +with careful and continued effort + +# With me are riches and honor + +"I have riches and honor" + +# lasting wealth and righteousness + +This explains what is meant by "riches and honor." This can be made clear with the connecting statement "therefore." AT: "therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# righteousness + +"the ability to live in a right way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/19.md b/pro/08/19.md index 0f6bf1a16b..9d4c74987f 100644 --- a/pro/08/19.md +++ b/pro/08/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My fruit -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +what wisdom produces or causes -## translationNotes +# my produce -* **my fruit** - what wisdom produces or causes -* **what I produce** - the benefit or gain that wisdom produces or causes -* **I walk in the way that is right** - Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. AT: "I live right" or “I do what is right” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in the paths that lead to justice** - This tells more of what is meant by “in the way that is right.” AT: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what leads to justice” -* **treasuries** - storehouses for valuable things +the benefit or gain that wisdom causes + +# I walk in the path of righteousness + +Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. AT: "I live right" or "I do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the midst of the paths of justice + +This tells more of what is meant by "the path of righteousness." AT: "I do what is perfectly just" or "I only do what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# treasuries + +storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/22.md b/pro/08/22.md index b737f96924..9a2ad054dc 100644 --- a/pro/08/22.md +++ b/pro/08/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the first of his deeds then +"I was the first of the things he created then" -## translationNotes +# In ages long ago -* **the first of his doings in ancient time** - "I was the first of the things he created long ago" -* **From ages long ago** - "Very long ago" -* **I was set up** - AT: "God set me up" or "God appointed me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Very long ago" + +# ages + +The word "age" refers to a general, extended period of time. + +# I was made + +This can be put into active form. AT: "God made me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the beginnings of the earth + +The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. AT: "from when God created the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/24.md b/pro/08/24.md index e3a1dcd463..d8167f6bba 100644 --- a/pro/08/24.md +++ b/pro/08/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Before the mountains were settled -* Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **before the mountains were settled** - "before the mountains were formed" +"Before the bases of the mountains were put into place." This can also be put into active form. AT: "Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/26.md b/pro/08/26.md index e2a88c1ca3..2391b60566 100644 --- a/pro/08/26.md +++ b/pro/08/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I was born ... I was there -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# was born -* **I was born … I was there** - This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **was born** - AT: "I was alive" -* **established** - To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. AT: "created" or "made" -* **drew the horizon** - This means to draw a round circle to show where the water and the sky meet when someone is looking at them. -* **the face of the deep** - "the surface of the ocean" -* **I was there** - "I existed" +"I was alive" + +# established + +To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. AT: "created" or "made" + +# when he drew a circle on the surface of the deep + +This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. AT: "when he marked on the ocean's surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the deep + +"the ocean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/28.md b/pro/08/28.md index 5bef561e7a..ceec996691 100644 --- a/pro/08/28.md +++ b/pro/08/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# established -* Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **established** - brought into being on a stable basis -* **the skies above** - As the UDB shows, this could be translated as either "skies above" or "clouds above." -* **when he made the fountains of the deep ** - "when he made the water from the springs under the deep oceans to flow up strongly" -* **when he made limits for the sea** - "when he created the shorelines for the oceans" -* **when he ordered where the foundations of the earth should be placed** - The "foundations of the earth" and the "limits for the sea" divided the oceans from "the land." The Hebrew word for "earth" also often means "land." +brought into permanent being + +# when the springs in the deep became fixed + +This can be put into active form. AT: "when God fixed the springs in the deep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the springs in the deep + +The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea. + +# when he made his limit for the sea + +"when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The "limit for the sea" divided the oceans from the dry land. + +# when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land + +The Hebrew word for "earth" also often means "land." + +# when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land + +This can be put into active form. AT: "when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/30.md b/pro/08/30.md index d15015209f..8c75dbb861 100644 --- a/pro/08/30.md +++ b/pro/08/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I was beside him -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# skilled craftsman -* **I was beside him** - This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **master craftsman** - This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses. -* **delight** - AT: "source of joy" or "reason to be glad" -* **day after day** - AT: "continually" or "the whole time" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his whole world** - AT: "the whole world he created" (UDB) or "everything he created" -* **mankind** - AT: "the people he brought into existence" (UDB) or "all human beings" +This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses. + +# delight + +"source of joy" or "reason to be glad" + +# day after day + +This is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. AT: "continually" or "the whole time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his whole world + +"the whole world he created" or "everything he created" + +# the sons of mankind + +This refers to human beings in general. AT: "the people he brought into existence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/32.md b/pro/08/32.md index ea2e9bca70..5c32093cf5 100644 --- a/pro/08/32.md +++ b/pro/08/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson. -## translationNotes +# listen to me -* **And now** - This is to focus the attention of the students to the conclusion of this lesson. -* **my sons** - AT: "my children" or "my students" -* **listen to me** - This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **those who keep my ways** - AT: "those who do what I teach" or "the people who follow my example" -* **neglect** - "disregard" AT: "pay no attention to" or "do not follow" -* **The one who** - "The person who" or "He who" -* **watching every day at my gates; waiting for me beside the doors of my home** - These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of "watching" are 1) a wise person waits for wisdom to come home to learn more 2) a wise person is at wisdom's house to be close to her and learn all the time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# those who keep my ways + +Here "my ways" represents wisdom's behavior. AT: "those who do what I teach" or "the people who follow my example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not neglect + +"do not disregard" AT: "be sure to pay attention to" or "be sure to follow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors + +These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of "watching" are 1) a wise person waits outside wisdom's home in the morning in order to serve her, or 2) a wise person waits outside wisdom's house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/35.md b/pro/08/35.md index 6f613a7580..956da43250 100644 --- a/pro/08/35.md +++ b/pro/08/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# finds me ... hate me -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# he who fails -* **finds me ... find me ... hate me** - This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The complete thought is, "he who fails to find me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his own life + +Here "life" represents the person's self. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/intro.md b/pro/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1955654a40 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom calls out ##### + +The addressee of this chapter is broader than "my son," but is personal like the previous chapters' use of "my son". In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/01.md b/pro/09/01.md index 7d0f594d04..8340702756 100644 --- a/pro/09/01.md +++ b/pro/09/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Wisdom has built -* **Wisdom** - The writer speaks about "wisdom" as if it were a woman who built her house. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **her animals** - AT: "meat" or "animal meat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **mixed her wine** - In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. AT: "prepared her drinks" -* **she has set her table** - "she has prepared her table" AT: "she has put the whole dinner on her table" +The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# She has slaughtered her animals + +This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. AT: "She has killed the animals for meat at dinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# mixed her wine + +In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. AT: "prepared her wine by mixing it with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# she has set her table + +"she has prepared her table" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/03.md b/pro/09/03.md index bf09b81246..12b1f547dd 100644 --- a/pro/09/03.md +++ b/pro/09/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# She has sent out her maids -* **She has sent out** - The word "she" refers to Wisdom, which is compared to a woman from [[:en:bible:notes:pro:09:01]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **invitations** - These invitations were either verbal messages that the maids were supposed to recite, or they were written letters addressed to the people wisdom wanted to invite. -* **her maids** - Young women or girls, in the service of a respectable, adult woman, like wisdom. -* **she calls out** - "she proclaims" or "she summons" AT: "she loudly recites her invitation" -* **those who are unaught … those who do not have good judgment** - These two phrases describe the same group of people, namely people who need more wisdom in their lives. -* **who are not taught** - This does not mean people who did not go to school, but people who do not yet know how to live. "who are young and naïve" -* **come in here** - AT: "come into my house" or "are welcome in my house" -* **do not have good judgement** - AT: "lacks wisdom" or "do not have common sense" (UDB) +These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared. + +# her maids + +Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom. + +# she calls out + +"she proclaims" or "she summons" AT: "she loudly recites her invitation" + +# the highest points of the city + +The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people. + +# Who is naive? Let ... the one lacking good sense + +These two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. AT: "Anyone who is naive, let ... anyone lacking good sense" + +# is naive + +"is inexperienced or immature" + +# turn aside here + +"leave his path and come into my house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/05.md b/pro/09/05.md index 0e6faeccfe..bedf9f8603 100644 --- a/pro/09/05.md +++ b/pro/09/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the message of Wisdom. -## translationNotes +# Come ... eat ... drink ... Leave ... live ... walk -* **my food ... I have mixed** - This is still wisdom speaking like a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the wine I have mixed** - In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. AT: "the drinks that I have prepared". -* **your untaught ways** - "your naïve ways" AT: "your young and naïve way of living" -* **the way of understanding** - AT: "the way of living that is full of understanding" or "the manner of living that shows you have understanding" +All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. + +# the wine I have mixed + +In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. AT: "prepared her wine by mixing it with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Leave your naive actions + +Here naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. AT: "Stop your naive behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# naive actions + +"inexperienced, immature actions" + +# the path of understanding + +Here the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. AT: "the manner of living that a wise person has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/07.md b/pro/09/07.md index 1de22ef3be..cb2bded1c6 100644 --- a/pro/09/07.md +++ b/pro/09/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:love]] +These verses continue the message of Wisdom. -## translationNotes +# Whoever disciplines ... whoever rebukes -* **Whoever corrects ... whoever reproves ...** - These two phrases basically say the same thing and are repeated to show how hopeless this action is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **a mocker** - Someone who constantly mocks people. AT: "someone who says insulting things about other people" (UDB) or "someone who likes to make other people look bad" -* **abuse** - the act of treating someone harshly -* **reproves** - gently corrects someone -* **Give instruction to a wise man ... teach a righteous man ...** - These two phrases basically say the same thing and are repeated to show how hopeful this action is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a mocker + +Someone who habitually mocks people. AT: "someone who says insulting things about other people" or "someone who likes to make other people look bad" + +# receives abuse + +"receives harsh treatment" + +# whoever rebukes + +"whoever corrects" + +# Do not reprove + +"Do not correct" + +# Give to a wise person, and he ... teach a righteous person, and he + +These two commands actually represent conditional statements. AT: "If you give to a wise person, he ... if you teach a righteous person, he" + +# Give to a wise person ... teach a righteous person + +These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Give to a wise person + +This refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/10.md b/pro/09/10.md index a2c603e534..d947647629 100644 --- a/pro/09/10.md +++ b/pro/09/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +These verses finish the message of Wisdom. -## translationNotes +# The fear of Yahweh -* **The fear of Yahweh** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:01:07]]. -* **through me your days will be multiplied** - AT: "I will multiply your days" or "I will cause you to live many more days" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **through me** - "through wisdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **your days will be multiplied and years added to your life** - These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **years added to your life** - AT: "I will add years to your life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **If you are wise ... but if you mock ...** - These two statements are presented as opposite situations. People are either wise, or are mockers. +See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md). + +# through me your days will be multiplied + +This may be put into active form. AT: "I will multiply your days" or "I will cause you to live many more days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through me + +Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# your days will be multiplied, and years of life will be added to you + +These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# years of life will be added to you + +Wisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will add years of life to you" or "I will add years to your life" or "I will enable you to live longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If you are wise ... and if you mock + +These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior. + +# you will carry it + +This speaks of the consequence of one's bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/13.md b/pro/09/13.md index 7367c5f63f..d30f673bf4 100644 --- a/pro/09/13.md +++ b/pro/09/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# The woman of foolishness -* **she is untaught and she knows nothing** - Both of these expressions basically mean the same thing and are repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. AT: "she does not know anything at all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **she is untaught** - AT: "she lacks experience" or "she is young and naïve" -* **people walking straight on their way** - "people who make their ways straight" AT: "people who walk straight on the way to life" or "people who live a righteous life" +It is possible to translate "foolishness" as a description such as "A foolish woman." However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. AT: "The woman Foolishness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# she is untaught and knows nothing + +These two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. AT: "she does not know anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# she is untaught + +"she has not learned from experience" or "she is young and naive" + +# walking straight on their way + +This seems to be an idiom for "thinking only of their own affairs" or "minding their own business." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/16.md b/pro/09/16.md index 9289408695..e0ea719ffa 100644 --- a/pro/09/16.md +++ b/pro/09/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# is naive -* [[en:tw:death]] +"is inexperienced or immature" -## translationNotes +# turn aside here -* **those who are untaught ** - AT: "those who lack experience" or "those who have not learned" -* **she says** - This is the foolish woman who was introduced in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:09:13]]. -* **those who have no sense** - AT: "those who do not have wisdom" or "those who are not wise" -* **Stolen waters are sweet, and bread bread eaten in secret is pleasant** - The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen bread and water to tell men that sex with her is pleasurable. This can be stated clearly in a simile: "You can enjoy me just like you enjoy bread or water that you have stolen." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that the dead are there** - "that the men who have gone to her are now dead" -* **in the depths of sheol** - This here refers to the grave (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"leave his path and come here" + +# she says + +This is the foolish woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 9:13](./13.md). + +# those who have no sense + +"those who do not have wisdom" or "those who are not wise" + +# Stolen waters are sweet, and bread of secrecy is delicious + +The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: "You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that the dead are there + +"that the men who have gone to her are now dead" + +# in the depths of Sheol + +"Sheol" refers to the world of the dead. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/intro.md b/pro/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a60c87b9ae --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom calls out ##### + +The addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than "my son," but is personal like the previous chapters' use of "my son." In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/01.md b/pro/10/01.md index 0d3b252c1d..01fbebe5dd 100644 --- a/pro/10/01.md +++ b/pro/10/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The proverbs of Solomon -* Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The proverbs of Solomon** - After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom. -* **accumulated** - acquired over time -* **Yahweh does not let those who do what is right to go hungry ** - "Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom. + +# accumulated + +acquired over time + +# Yahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungry + +Here "soul" refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/04.md b/pro/10/04.md index f7d4f74bad..905d8d099c 100644 --- a/pro/10/04.md +++ b/pro/10/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# A lazy hand +"Hand" represents the strength and ability of a person. AT: "A person unwilling to work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# hand of the diligent -* **A lazy hand** - unwillingness to work (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **hand of the diligent** - "a person who works hard" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Hand" represents the strength and ability of a person. AT: "person who works hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/06.md b/pro/10/06.md index 4c3c9373ea..9797a05cf3 100644 --- a/pro/10/06.md +++ b/pro/10/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# are upon the head +The "head" represents the whole person. AT: "are given to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# mouth of the wicked -* **mouth of the wicked** - "words the wicked speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **covers up** - hides the truth +The "mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "words the wicked speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# covers up + +hides the truth + +# name + +The word "name" represents a person's reputation. AT: "memory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/08.md b/pro/10/08.md index 8d1811bf1e..6521528aae 100644 --- a/pro/10/08.md +++ b/pro/10/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# come to ruin +"be destroyed" or "be made useless" -## translationNotes +# crooked -* **crooked** - not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful +not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/10.md b/pro/10/10.md index da43173dd7..96113345d8 100644 --- a/pro/10/10.md +++ b/pro/10/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# He who winks the eye +"Winking the eye" represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. AT: "He who makes a signal with a gesture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# will be thrown down -* **the mouth of one** - "the words of a person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **is a fountain of life** - "is life-giving" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the mouth of the wicked** - "the words of a wicked person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. AT: "others will ruin him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The mouth of the righteous + +Here "mouth" represents what a persons says. AT: "The speech of a righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to righteous people in general. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# is a water spring of life + +This person's speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mouth of the wicked covers up violence + +That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mouth of the wicked + +Here "mouth" represents what a persons says. AT: "the speech of a wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people in general. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/12.md b/pro/10/12.md index 77f29bd6d6..7f95728a7d 100644 --- a/pro/10/12.md +++ b/pro/10/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# love covers over -* [[en:tw:rod]] +Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# on the lips of a discerning person -* **covers over** - "provides payment for" or "forgives" -* **on the lips of a discerning person** - "in what a sensible person says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Lips" represents what a person says. AT: "in what a sensible person says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a rod is for the back + +"Rod" represents strong, physical punishment and "the back" represents the person who receives the punishment. AT: "a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/14.md b/pro/10/14.md index bcbb6a11af..4db0eb4db2 100644 --- a/pro/10/14.md +++ b/pro/10/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the mouth of a fool -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "the words from a foolish person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# his fortified city -* **the mouth of a fool** - "the words from a foolish person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **destruction** - severe damage +This represents wealth as a safe place. AT: "his safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/16.md b/pro/10/16.md index 948fe5343b..522a5b1f2f 100644 --- a/pro/10/16.md +++ b/pro/10/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The wage ... the profit -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:profit]] +These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline -* **The wage...the profit** - These terms normally refer to a worker and the money he earns. Here it refers to the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. -* **There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline** - "The person who listens to wise instruction will have a long and happy life" -* **but the one who rejects a reproof is led astray** - AT: "but the one who does not listen to wise instruction will not have a good life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **reproof** - This is a correction or rebuke someone gives to another who is doing something bad. +"The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life" + +# but the one who rejects correction is led astray + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/18.md b/pro/10/18.md index a58e316c0f..137d1fd127 100644 --- a/pro/10/18.md +++ b/pro/10/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# has lying lips -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Lips" represent what a person says. AT: "tells lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# transgression is not lacking -* **has lying lips** - tells lies (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **transgression is not lacking** - there is much sin (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. AT: "there is much sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/20.md b/pro/10/20.md index 23bd386fc7..398beb5b9b 100644 --- a/pro/10/20.md +++ b/pro/10/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The tongue of the righteous person -* [[en:tw:foolish]] +"Tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "Whatever a righteous person says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# is pure silver -* **The tongue of him who does right** - "The things a righteous person says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **is pure silver** - "is valuable like pure silver" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the lips of the one who does right** - "the wise sayings of a righteous man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **nourish** - cause them to develop or grow stronger +"Silver" represents valuable sayings. AT: "is extremely valuable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The lips of the righteous + +"Lips" represents what a person says. AT: "The sayings of a righteous man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nourish + +cause them to develop or grow stronger \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/22.md b/pro/10/22.md index 3d8f5564a9..6cba79ee96 100644 --- a/pro/10/22.md +++ b/pro/10/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Wickedness is a game a fool plays - -## translationNotes - -* **game** - a physical or mental activity people do for pleasure +A game is an activity people do for pleasure. AT: "Fools find pleasure in wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/24.md b/pro/10/24.md index 11657f5d1e..87d9ab99a3 100644 --- a/pro/10/24.md +++ b/pro/10/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# overtake +overcome someone -## translationNotes +# The wicked are like the storm -* **overtake** - affect or happen to someone in a quick and unexpected way. -* **The wicked are like the storm** - Like a storm that comes and sweeps everything away, wicked people are not safe or secure. They will be swept away. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# is a foundation that lasts forever + +"Foundation" represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. AT: "is a start for something that lasts forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/26.md b/pro/10/26.md index 4eb2e1f080..bc9b685428 100644 --- a/pro/10/26.md +++ b/pro/10/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Like vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him +"Vinegar" and "smoke" represent things that hurt a person's teeth and eyes. AT: "Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# vinegar -* **Like vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him** - Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **vinegar** - a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods -* **the years of the wicked** - "the lifetime of the evil person" +a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods + +# the years of the wicked + +"Years" represent the time a person lives. AT: "the lifetime of the evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/28.md b/pro/10/28.md index 909a6ea2da..993e7d7751 100644 --- a/pro/10/28.md +++ b/pro/10/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the years of wicked people +Here "years" represent the time a person lives. AT: "the lifetime of the evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# will never be overthrown -* **the years of the wicked** - Translate as in [[en/bible/notes/pro/10/26]]. -* **will never be overthrown** - "will be secure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This can be stated as active and positive: AT: "will be secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/31.md b/pro/10/31.md index bb1ab4757f..df28dc2ada 100644 --- a/pro/10/31.md +++ b/pro/10/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Out of the mouth of the righteous person +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "From the righteous man's words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the perverse tongue will be cut out -* **Out of the mouth of those doing right** - "From the righteous man's words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the perverse tongue will be cut out** - "God will shut the mouths of people who say what is not true" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **lips of those who do right know what is acceptable** - "righteous people know what to say that is acceptable" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **mouth of the wicked** - "the words of the wicked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lips of the righteous person know what is acceptable + +"Lips" represent what a person says. AT: "righteous person knows how to speak acceptably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# mouth of the wicked + +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "the words of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/intro.md b/pro/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..949757ffd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/01.md b/pro/11/01.md index 99505fc868..192c57af77 100644 --- a/pro/11/01.md +++ b/pro/11/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh hates scales that are not accurate -* Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Yahweh** - "God hates deceiving scales" or "God hates it when people are deceitful" -* **but he delights in a precise weight** - "but he delights in honest ways" or "but he is happy when people are honest" -* **When pride comes then comes disgrace** - "When a person is full of pride then he will suffer shame" -* **but with humility comes wisdom** - "but when a person is humble, he is wise" +"Scales" represent measuring accurately in negotiating. AT: "God hates deceiving scales" or "God hates it when people are deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but he delights in a precise weight + +"Precise weight" represents accuracy in negotiating. AT: "but he delights in honest ways" or "but he is happy when people are honest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/03.md b/pro/11/03.md index a117b8f6d3..682541c0aa 100644 --- a/pro/11/03.md +++ b/pro/11/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the treacherous -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:integrity|integrity]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "treacherous people" or "those who are treacherous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# Wealth is worthless on the day of wrath -* **the upright** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:31]]. -* **crooked ways of the treacherous** - AT: "evil ways of those who deceive" -* **Wealth is worthless on the day of wrath** - AT: "money is useless when God will judge" +The "day of wrath" represents a specific event, such as the "day of Yahweh" or "judgment day" or "last days." AT: "A person's wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/05.md b/pro/11/05.md index 64f19f8850..9d68db583e 100644 --- a/pro/11/05.md +++ b/pro/11/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# makes his way straight -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:blameless|blameless]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] +"has clear direction" -## translationNotes +# the wicked ... the treacherous -* **makes his way straight** - "has clear direction" -* **the treacherous are trapped by their cravings** - "those who do evil are captured by their passions" -* **treacherous** - ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are wicked ... those who are treacherous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the treacherous are trapped by their cravings + +"those who do evil are captured by their passions" + +# treacherous + +ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/07.md b/pro/11/07.md index 3e3ad197f2..840d3de948 100644 --- a/pro/11/07.md +++ b/pro/11/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the hope that was in his strength -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +"the confidence he has in his own power" -## translationNotes +# comes to nothing -* **the hope that was in his strength** - "the confidence he has in his own power" -* **comes to nothing** - "disappears" -* **The one who does what is right is kept away from trouble** - "God keeps away from trouble the one who does what is right." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it comes** - "trouble comes" +"disappears" + +# The righteous person is kept away from trouble + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it comes + +"trouble comes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/09.md b/pro/11/09.md index 59c9de77a6..8ba5a1a7e8 100644 --- a/pro/11/09.md +++ b/pro/11/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# With his mouth the godless -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "The words of the godless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the city becomes great -* **With his mouth the godless** - "The words of the godless" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the city becomes great** - "the city prospers" or "the city becomes prosperous" -* **by the mouth of the wicked** - "the words of evil people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"City" represents the community or people group. AT: "the people group prospers" or "the community becomes prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# by the mouth of the wicked + +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "the words of evil people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/12.md b/pro/11/12.md index 9572f6a9ae..69e7548800 100644 --- a/pro/11/12.md +++ b/pro/11/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# keeps a matter covered -* [[en:tw:contempt]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] - -## translationNotes - -* **keeps a matter covered** - "does not tell" or "does not speak about the matter" +"Covered" represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. AT: "does not tell" or "does not speak about the matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/14.md b/pro/11/14.md index 88a2e47e9d..31dc77e7e6 100644 --- a/pro/11/14.md +++ b/pro/11/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# advisors -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] - -## translationNotes - -* **advisors** - those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors +those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/15.md b/pro/11/15.md index a87bbd9222..32ada2af35 100644 --- a/pro/11/15.md +++ b/pro/11/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# one who hates giving -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:pledge]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +"one who refuses to give" -## translationNotes +# ruthless people -* **one who hates giving** - "one who refuses to give" -* **ruthless** - without pity or compassion; cruel -* **grasp for wealth** - "are greedy for wealth" +people without pity or compassion; cruel people + +# grasp for wealth + +"are greedy for wealth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/17.md b/pro/11/17.md index 8bbc05a70d..114fff5b60 100644 --- a/pro/11/17.md +++ b/pro/11/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# one who -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"a person who" -## translationNotes +# sows what is right -* **one who** - "a person who" -* **reaps the wages of truth** - AT: "will surely be rewarded" +To "sow" represents spreading out to gain more. AT: "spreads out what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# reaps the wages of truth + +To "reap" represents acquiring or gathering in" AT: "will surely be rewarded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/19.md b/pro/11/19.md index 8161dcbe89..d129a89e8f 100644 --- a/pro/11/19.md +++ b/pro/11/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:perverse]] +"the person who" -## translationNotes +# pursues evil -* **the one who** - "the person who" -* **pursues** - "chases after" -* **whose hearts are perverse** - AT: "who have wicked thoughts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"chases after evil" or "seeks to do evil" + +# whose hearts are perverse + +"Heart" represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. AT: "who have wicked thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/21.md b/pro/11/21.md index e5acd5af21..4f72a79451 100644 --- a/pro/11/21.md +++ b/pro/11/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# will not go unpunished -* [[en:tw:punish]] +This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. AT: "will certainly be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# Like a gold ring ... without discretion -* **will not go unpunished** - AT: "will be punished" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]]) -* **Like a gold ring ... without discretion** - A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig's nose. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **discretion** - AT: "common sense" or "understanding" +A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig's nose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# without discretion + +"without common sense" or "who is foolish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/23.md b/pro/11/23.md index cfc03ede55..ed674cc90d 100644 --- a/pro/11/23.md +++ b/pro/11/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# one who sows seed -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +"Sowing seed" represents preparing for the future. AT: "a person who prepares for the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# will accumulate even more -* **one who sows seed** - AT: "a person who gives generously" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **accumulate** - AT: "gain" -* **does not sow** - AT: "does not give" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"will gain even more" + +# does not sow + +"Sow" represents preparing for a result. AT: "does not prepare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/25.md b/pro/11/25.md index b948ad490e..d7f141e32c 100644 --- a/pro/11/25.md +++ b/pro/11/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# will prosper -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] +"will gain more" -## translationNotes +# the one who -* **will prosper** - AT: "will do well" -* **the one who** - "the person who" or "anyone who" -* **good gifts crown the head of him who sells it** - AT: "good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it" or "the person who sells it is honored with many blessings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"the generous person who" or "anyone who" + +# the man who refuses to sell + +This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need. + +# good gifts crown the head of him who sells it + +"Crown" represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. AT: "good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it" or "the person who sells it is honored with many blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/27.md b/pro/11/27.md index 246bd1c9c6..6a52f297be 100644 --- a/pro/11/27.md +++ b/pro/11/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who diligently seeks -* [[en:tw:evil]] +the one who seeks with careful and continued effort -## translationNotes +# will fall -* **diligently** - with careful and continued effort -* **will fall** - AT: "will be destroyed" or "awaits a bad future" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **like the leaf, those who do right will flourish** - AT: "those who do right will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **flourish** - "thrive" or "prosper" +This is an idiom. Here "fall" represents destruction or failure. AT: "will be destroyed" or "awaits a bad future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# like the leaf, righteous people will flourish + +"Leaf" represents growth and prosperity. AT: "righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# righteous people will flourish + +This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/29.md b/pro/11/29.md index 7e57d23dbc..761fa1e6a9 100644 --- a/pro/11/29.md +++ b/pro/11/29.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# inherit the wind - -## translationNotes - -* **inherit the wind** - The "wind" is something that cannot be grasped. AT: "inherit nothing." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The "wind" is something that cannot be grasped. AT: "inherit nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/30.md b/pro/11/30.md index 2627be5fae..5a224e5764 100644 --- a/pro/11/30.md +++ b/pro/11/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The righteous person will be like a tree of life +A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. AT: "Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# tree of life -* **Those who do right will be like a tree of life** - A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. AT: "Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **tree of life** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:17]]. -* **how much more** - AT: "even more so" +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/17.md). + +# how much more + +"even more so" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/intro.md b/pro/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9709a5fed2 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/01.md b/pro/12/01.md index 6b27b7336c..34a2e66aed 100644 --- a/pro/12/01.md +++ b/pro/12/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The author uses [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The author uses [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] throughout this chapter. -* 15 contrast wisdom and foolishness. -* **Whosoever** - "Any person who" -* **hates correction** - "does not want to be told what to do" -* **stupid** - "foolish" or "unwise" +Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness. + +# Whoever + +"Any person who" + +# the one who hates correction + +"the person who does not want to be told what to do" + +# is stupid + +"is foolish" or "is unwise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/03.md b/pro/12/03.md index 539d05fbfd..597d8b3c42 100644 --- a/pro/12/03.md +++ b/pro/12/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A person cannot be established by wickedness -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# cannot be uprooted -* **A person cannot be established by wickedness** - "No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **cannot be uprooted** - "are as stable as a tree with deep roots" (UDB) (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **A worthy wife is her husband's crown** - "A good wife is a sign of honor like a crown for her husband." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **she who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones** - "a wife's shameful acts destroy her husband's influence and happiness like a disease destroys his bones" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Uprooted" represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. AT: "are as stable as a tree with deep roots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A worthy wife is her husband's crown + +A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. AT: "A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones + +A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a person's life. AT: "a wife's shameful acts destroy her husband's influence and happiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/05.md b/pro/12/05.md index 197c0149fe..2a4f1c7a6f 100644 --- a/pro/12/05.md +++ b/pro/12/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The words of wicked people are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. AT: "The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the words of the upright keep them safe -* **words** - what people say (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The words of the wicked are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill** - "What wicked people say is like a trap that kills people who pass by" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the upright** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:31]]. +"the advice from an upright person keeps people safe" + +# the upright + +"the righteous person" or "the honest person" or "the just person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/07.md b/pro/12/07.md index f2051fd712..060106838d 100644 --- a/pro/12/07.md +++ b/pro/12/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Wicked people are overthrown +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will overthrow the wicked people" or "People will remove the wicked people from power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# house -* **The wicked are overthrown** - "People will overthrow the wicked" or "People will remove the wicked from power" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **house** - The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person's ancestors, descendants or other relatives. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) AT: "family" or "descendents." -* **A person is praised by how much wisdom he has** - "People will praise those who have wisdom" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the one who makes perverse choices is despised** - "people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts" or "people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The term "house" is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person's ancestors, descendants or other relatives. AT: "family" or "descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# A person is praised by how much wisdom he has + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will praise those who have wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one who makes perverse choices is despised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts" or "people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/09.md b/pro/12/09.md index 3791820f2b..e130810f2c 100644 --- a/pro/12/09.md +++ b/pro/12/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Better to have an unimportant position +"It is better to be an ordinary person" -## translationNotes +# is cruel -* **Better to have an unimportant position** - "It is better to be an ordinary person" -* **is cruel** - "causes suffering" +"causes suffering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/11.md b/pro/12/11.md index 2eb575b8b5..0654aa9fe7 100644 --- a/pro/12/11.md +++ b/pro/12/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# projects +"plans" or "tasks" -## translationNotes +# fruit -* **projects** - "plans" -* **judgment** - "intelligence" +This refers to a person's actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person's words and actions reveal what his character is like. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/13.md b/pro/12/13.md index 537ab4877e..c9ec6fbf55 100644 --- a/pro/12/13.md +++ b/pro/12/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# An evil person is trapped by his wicked talk +"Trapped" represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The wicked things an evil person says will trap him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# just as the work of his hands rewards him -* **An evil person is trapped by his wicked talk** - "The wicked things an evil person says will trap him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **just as the work of his hands rewards him** - "just as the good work he does rewards him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The phrase, "the work of his hands" represents work done by physical labor. AT: "just as the good work he does rewards him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/15.md b/pro/12/15.md index 220939acd8..b3cc4c8b57 100644 --- a/pro/12/15.md +++ b/pro/12/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in his own eyes -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. AT: "in his own opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# advice -* **in his own eyes** - "in his own opinion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **advice** - wise suggestions -* **is prudent** - "is wise" or "has good sense." +wise suggestions + +# is prudent + +"is wise" or "has good sense." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/17.md b/pro/12/17.md index 47919b5144..27dc04e6ef 100644 --- a/pro/12/17.md +++ b/pro/12/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword +The phrase, "thrusts of a sword" represents cruel words that hurt another. AT: "What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# the tongue of the wise -* **The words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword** - "What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword." (See: (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the tongue of the wise** - "what wise people say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **brings healing** - "comforts and heals" +"Tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "what wise people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# brings healing + +"comforts and heals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/19.md b/pro/12/19.md index 092c2f63c4..9851e91a5e 100644 --- a/pro/12/19.md +++ b/pro/12/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Truthful lips last forever +"Lips" represents what a person says. AT: "A truthful person endures forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# a lying tongue is only for a moment -* **Truthful lips last forever** - "A truthful person endures forever" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **a lying tongue is only for an moment** - "the one who lies lasts only for a moment" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **advisors** - those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors +"Tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "the one who lies lasts only for a moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# advisors + +those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/21.md b/pro/12/21.md index 16b4625e6e..3282374e6a 100644 --- a/pro/12/21.md +++ b/pro/12/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# No ill comes -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The negative, "No" cancels out the idea of "ill" (bad things that happen). AT: "Good things come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh hates lying lips -* **No ill comes** - "Good things come" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Yahweh hates lying lips** - Yahweh detests those who tell lies (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **delight** - something that gives great pleasure +"Lips" represents what a person says. AT: "Yahweh detests those who tell lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/23.md b/pro/12/23.md index e2b1e9bc30..c3693e831b 100644 --- a/pro/12/23.md +++ b/pro/12/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# conceals his knowledge -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:subject]] +"does not tell everything he knows" -## translationNotes +# The hand of the diligent -* **prudent** - "wise" -* **conceals his knowledge** - "does not tell everything he knows" -* **will be subject to forced labor** - "will become a slave" +"Hand" represents what a person does -- his works. AT: "Diligent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will be put to forced labor + +"Forced labor" describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. AT: "will become a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/25.md b/pro/12/25.md index 24e919a40d..85c6504e9f 100644 --- a/pro/12/25.md +++ b/pro/12/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Anxiety +uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry -## translationNotes +# weighs him down -* **Anxiety** - uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry -* **weighs him down** - This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but a good word makes him glad** - "but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again" +"Weighing down" represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. AT: "causes him to become sad or depressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but a good word makes him glad + +The abstract noun "word" can be stated as the verb "speak." AT: "but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/27.md b/pro/12/27.md index f72dbe9e16..0f2c9d1e85 100644 --- a/pro/12/27.md +++ b/pro/12/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# would not roast their own game -* [[en:tw:death]] +"Game" means animals caught and killed while hunting. And "roast" is a way of cooking food. -## translationNotes +# precious wealth -* **precious wealth** - "valuable treasure" +"valuable treasure" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/intro.md b/pro/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..01501b95ec --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/01.md b/pro/13/01.md index aa09e9d404..5cb2792209 100644 --- a/pro/13/01.md +++ b/pro/13/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# A wise son hears -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here "hears" represents listening in order to do it. AT: "A wise son obeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# will not listen to rebuke -* **hears** - AT: "obeys" -* **will not listen to rebuke** - AT: "will not learn from rebuke" or "will not obey, despite rebuke" -* **fruit of his mouth** - AT: "words from his mouth" or "what he says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **appetite** - a desire or liking for something -* **treacherous** - willing to betray or deceive you +Here "listen" represents paying attention in order to do it. AT: "will not learn from rebuke" or "will not obey, despite rebuke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# From the fruit of his mouth + +Here "fruit" represents what a person says. AT: "From the words of his mouth" or "From what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the appetite + +the desire or liking for something + +# the treacherous + +This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. AT: "the treacherous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/03.md b/pro/13/03.md index 3d9faab0fe..6dda25df9b 100644 --- a/pro/13/03.md +++ b/pro/13/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# his mouth -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +Here "mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# opens wide his lips -* **his mouth** - AT: "what he says" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **opens wide his lips** - AT: "speaks a lot" or "talks too much" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **appetite** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:13:01]]. -* **craves** - "strongly desires" -* **the appetite of the diligent will be richly satisfied** - AT: "the diligent will have a richly satisfied life" or "being diligent will make you richly satisfied" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the diligent** - people who work with careful and continued effort +Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. AT: "speaks a lot" or "talks too much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The appetite ... the appetite + +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:2](./01.md). + +# craves but gets nothing + +"strongly desires but gets nothing" + +# the appetite of diligent people will be richly satisfied + +Here "appetite" represents desire. AT: "diligent people will have a richly satisfied life" or "being diligent will make people richly satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# diligent people + +people who work with careful and continued effort \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/05.md b/pro/13/05.md index c0b700b1f1..06178d6c36 100644 --- a/pro/13/05.md +++ b/pro/13/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# repugnant -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +causing a strong feeling of disgust -## translationNotes +# Righteousness protects those -* **repugnant** - causing a strong feeling of disgust -* **faultless in their path** - AT: "faultless in their way of living" or "lives a life of integrity" -* **wickedness turns away those who commit sin** - "wickedness will turn sinners away from a successful path" or "wickedness ruins sinners' lives" +"Righteousness" represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. AT: "A way of life approved by Yahweh protects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# who are faultless in their path + +Here "path" represents how a person directs his life. AT: "who are faultless in their way of living" or "who live lives of integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wickedness turns away those who commit sin + +Here "wickedness" represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. AT: "wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path" or "wickedness ruins sinners' lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/07.md b/pro/13/07.md index 3663e3090a..44bacf32a7 100644 --- a/pro/13/07.md +++ b/pro/13/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# who enriches himself +"who makes himself rich" -## translationNotes +# does not hear a threat -* **who enriches himself** - AT: "who makes himself rich" +Possible meanings are 1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or 2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. AT: "does not listen to rebuke" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/09.md b/pro/13/09.md index ebaf727095..40c38867f7 100644 --- a/pro/13/09.md +++ b/pro/13/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The light of righteous people rejoices -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoices]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The light stands for the influence of righteous people and is described as experiencing the human emotion of joy. This can also be expressed as a simile as it is by the UDB. AT: "The influence of righteous people produces joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# the lamp of wicked people will be put out -* **The light ... rejoices** - The light stands for the righteous person himself and is described as experiencing the human emotion of joy. This can also be expressed as a simile, as the UDB does. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the lamp of the wicked will be put out** - The lamp of the wicked stands for the wicked person himself. The lamp being put out means that something bad will happen to him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Pride only breeds conflict** - "Pride always causes conflict" -* **listen to** - AT: "heed" or "follow" -* **good advice** - suggestions that are helpful, profitable +The lamp of wicked people stands for the influence of those wicked people. The lamp being put out means their influence will stop. AT: "wicked people will lose their influence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Pride only breeds conflict + +"Pride always causes conflict" + +# listen to + +"heed" or "follow" + +# good advice + +suggestions that are helpful and profitable \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/11.md b/pro/13/11.md index bfbba4e0f7..1d3c154ca6 100644 --- a/pro/13/11.md +++ b/pro/13/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Wealth dwindles away +"Wealth decreases" or "Wealth slowly disappears" -## translationNotes +# working with his hand -* **Wealth dwindles away** - "Wealth decreases" or "Wealth slowly disappears" -* **vanity** - excessive pride in one's self -* **by working with his hand** - AT: "by working hard" -* **make his money grow** - Money is compared to a tree that grows. AT: "make his money increase" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **When hope is postponed** - "When hope is delayed" or "When God delays hope" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it breaks the heart** - AT: "it causes intense sadness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **tree of life** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:17]]. +The phrase "working with his hand" refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. AT: "working with physical strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make his money grow + +Money is compared to a tree that grows. AT: "make his money increase" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# When hope is postponed + +Here "hope" represents the thing a person hopes for. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it breaks the heart + +Breaking a person's heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. AT: "it causes intense sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a longing fulfilled is a tree of life + +Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. AT: "a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tree of life + +"a tree that gives life" or "a tree whose fruit sustains life." See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/13.md b/pro/13/13.md index 1ae98de1a5..b51df1179d 100644 --- a/pro/13/13.md +++ b/pro/13/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who honors the command will be rewarded -* [[en:tw:turn]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will reward the one who honors the command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# fountain of life -* **the one who honors the command will be rewarded** - AT: "They will reward the one who honors the command" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fountain of life** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:10:10]]. -* **snares of death** - "traps that lead to death" +A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. AT: "a bountiful source of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# snares of death + +Here "snares" represent dangers that will kill. AT: "traps that lead to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/15.md b/pro/13/15.md index f90f672fa3..5315033271 100644 --- a/pro/13/15.md +++ b/pro/13/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# but the way of the treacherous is never-ending +Here a person's behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. AT: "but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the treacherous -* **treacherous** - ready to betray you -* **is never-ending** - ending** - AT: "will go on forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]). -* **a fool parades his folly** - AT: "a fool displays his foolishness to everyone" +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the treacherous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# a fool parades his folly + +To "parade" means to display in front of everyone. AT: "a fool displays his foolishness to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/17.md b/pro/13/17.md index 0c14815f72..d244f297ce 100644 --- a/pro/13/17.md +++ b/pro/13/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# falls into trouble -* [[en:tw:evil]] +"is unreliable" or "does something evil" -## translationNotes +# envoy -* **falls into trouble** - AT: "is unreliable" or "will do something evil" -* **envoy** - "messenger" or "diplomat" -* **learns from correction** - AT: "learns when someone corrects him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +"messenger" or "diplomat" + +# learns from correction + +The abstract noun "correction" can be stated as an action. AT: "learns when someone corrects him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/19.md b/pro/13/19.md index 0a15cfb685..bf4b25a10e 100644 --- a/pro/13/19.md +++ b/pro/13/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# is sweet -* [[en:tw:turn]] +"is a delight" or "brings joy" -## translationNotes +# the appetite -* **is sweet** - AT: "is a delight" or "brings joy" -* **will suffer harm** - AT: "will experience harm" or "will be ruined" +the desire or liking for something + +# will suffer harm + +"will experience harm" or "will be ruined" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/21.md b/pro/13/21.md index 07d2904067..c9419e13c6 100644 --- a/pro/13/21.md +++ b/pro/13/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Disaster runs after sinners -* [[en:tw:good]] +"Disaster" is given human characteristics like the ability to run. AT: "Sinners have trouble wherever they go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# righteous people are rewarded with good -* **Disaster runs after sinners** - Disaster is given human characteristics like the ability to run. AT: "Sinners have trouble wherever they go" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **those who do right are rewarded with good** - "God rewards those who do right with good" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his grandchildren** - "the sons of his sons" or "the children of his children" AT: "his descendants" -* **a sinner's wealth is stored up for the one who does right** - "the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God rewards righteous people with good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his grandchildren + +"the sons of his sons" or "the children of his children" or "his descendants" + +# a sinner's wealth is stored up for the righteous person + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/23.md b/pro/13/23.md index 94decf71c8..182e5e9ebc 100644 --- a/pro/13/23.md +++ b/pro/13/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# An unplowed field +"A field that is not prepared for food production" or "An empty field not ready for planting" -## translationNotes +# but it is swept away by injustice -* **An unplowed field** - AT: "A field that is not prepared for food production" or "An empty and un-worked field" -* **but it is swept away by injustice** - AT: "but injustice takes away that food" or "but unjust people take it away" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **is careful to discipline him** - "makes sure to discipline him" or "intents to discipline him" +"Swept away" represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. AT: "but injustice takes away that food" or "but unjust people take the food away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is careful to instruct him + +"makes sure to instruct him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/25.md b/pro/13/25.md index 7f19915cc1..2a34aaf154 100644 --- a/pro/13/25.md +++ b/pro/13/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he satisfies his appetite -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"he has satisfied himself" or "he fulfills his desires" -## translationNotes +# the stomach of the wicked is always hungry -* **satisfy their appetites** - "are satisfied" or "have satisfied themselves" AT: "fulfill their desires" -* **the stomach of the wicked is always hungry** - AT: "the wicked person is always hungry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "stomach" represents the desires of a person. AT: "the wicked person is always hungry for more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/intro.md b/pro/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4bebbbbdf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/01.md b/pro/14/01.md index 4c547010ac..4bb43c7bf4 100644 --- a/pro/14/01.md +++ b/pro/14/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# builds her house -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"builds up her house" or "makes her house better" -## translationNotes +# house -* **builds her house** - "builds up her house" AT: "keeps her house safe" or "makes her house better" -* **tears it down with her own hands** - AT: "destroys her own house with her own hands" -* **with her own hands** - AT: "by herself" or "by the way she behaves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **The one who ... the one who** - AT: "The person who ... the person who" -* **walks uprightly** - AT: "walks in a just and honest way" -* **dishonest** - saying things that are not true, often with the intent to deceive -* **despises** - AT: "grossly disrespects" or "indicates he hates" -* **in his ways despises him** - The word "his" refers to the dishonest man and "him" refers to Yahweh. -* **his ways** - AT: "his way of living" +Possible meanings are 1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or 2) this may refer to her family. + +# with her own hands + +The woman is represented by her "hands." AT: "by herself" or "by the way she behaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The one who ... the one who + +"The person who ... the person who" + +# walks uprightly + +"Walks" represents the conduct of life. AT: "conducts his life in a just and honest way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# despises + +"grossly disrespects" or "indicates he hates" + +# in his ways despises him + +The word "his" refers to the dishonest man and "him" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/03.md b/pro/14/03.md index ae2467200c..e7957999d1 100644 --- a/pro/14/03.md +++ b/pro/14/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the mouth of ... the lips of -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# an offshoot of his pride -* **the mouth of ... the lips of** - The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a fool** - AT: "a foolish person" or "an immoral person" -* **an offshoot of his pride** - An offshoot is something that grows out of something else. AT: "what his pride produces" -* **the wise** - This word is actually a plural. AT: "the wise men" or "wise people" -* **will preserve them** - "will keep them from harm" or "will keep them safe" -* **the feeding trough** - the container in which you put the food for animals -* **an abundant crop** - "a good harvest" -* **by the strength of an ox** - AT: "because of the work an ox does" +An offshoot is something that grows out of something else. AT: "what his pride produces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wise + +This word is actually a plural. "the wise men" or "wise people" + +# will preserve them + +"will keep them from harm" or "will keep them safe" + +# the feeding trough + +A "trough" is a container in which you put the food for animals. + +# an abundant crop + +"a good harvest" + +# by the strength of an ox + +"Strength" represents the strong work an ox can do. AT: "because of the work an ox does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/05.md b/pro/14/05.md index 2c02710757..4fab19ce1f 100644 --- a/pro/14/05.md +++ b/pro/14/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# breathes out lies -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] +This figure of speech uses "breathes" to refer to lying constantly. AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/17.md). -## translationNotes +# and there is none -* **breathes out lies** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:06:17]]. -* **and there is none** - "and it is not there" AT: "but he will not find it" (UDB) -* **comes easy to** - AT: "is easily found by" -* **the one who is discerning** - "the one who is wise" AT: "a person who has understanding" +"and wisdom is not there" or "but he will not find wisdom" + +# comes easy to + +"is easily found by" or "acquires without difficulty" + +# the one who is discerning + +"the one who is wise" or "a person who has understanding" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/07.md b/pro/14/07.md index 9ed7a3b54c..042d7e1e79 100644 --- a/pro/14/07.md +++ b/pro/14/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# on his lips -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The word "lips" represents what a person says. AT: "from his speech" or "with his comments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the prudent -* **on his lips** - AT: "on him" or "with him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the prudent** - a person who has good judgment or sense -* **his own way** - AT: "himself" or "how he lives" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the folly of fools is deception** - The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not. +a person who has good judgment or sense + +# his own way + +The word "way" represents the conduct of life of a person. AT: "his conduct" or "how he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the folly of fools is deception + +The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/09.md b/pro/14/09.md index 3309c5a196..f9bc991b0f 100644 --- a/pro/14/09.md +++ b/pro/14/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# when the guilt offering is sacrificed -* [[en:tw:know]] +"at guilt" or "at the guilt offering" The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong. -## translationNotes +# but among the upright favor is shared -* **when the guilt offering is sacrificed** - "at guilt" or "at the guilt offering" The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong. -* **the upright** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:31]]. -* **but among the upright favor is shared** - AT: "but the upright enjoy favor together" or "but God's favor is experienced together among the upright" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **bitterness** - "sorrow" or "sadness" -* **no stranger** - "no one else" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but the upright enjoy favor together" or "but God's favor is experienced together among the upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bitterness + +"sorrow" or "sadness" + +# no stranger + +"those who do not know him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/11.md b/pro/14/11.md index 5d450643ec..59cf2d7640 100644 --- a/pro/14/11.md +++ b/pro/14/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the tent -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +The word "tent" represents everything that happens within it. AT: "the household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# flourish -* **the tent** - AT: "the household" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the upright** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:31]]. -* **flourish** - AT: "to do well and last long" or "to be healthy" or "to be very successful" -* **There is a way that seems right to a man** - AT: "People think that the way they are living is the right way" +The word "flourish" means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. AT: "to do well and last long" or "to be healthy" or "to be very successful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is a way that seems right to a man + +The word "way" represents the conduct of life a person follows. AT: "People think that the way they are living is the right way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/13.md b/pro/14/13.md index 890a693a32..cd084763bb 100644 --- a/pro/14/13.md +++ b/pro/14/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# A heart can laugh -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] +The word "heart" represents a person's feelings, attitudes and motivations. AT: "A person's feelings can show laughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# be in pain -* **be in pain** - "experience pain" or "hurt" -* **grief** - sorrow, sadness -* **The one who** - AT: "The person who" -* **what his ways deserve** - AT: "what he deserves, based on how he lived" -* **what is his** - AT: "what belongs to him" or "what he has a right to" +"experience pain" or "hurt" + +# The one who + +"The person who" + +# what his ways deserve + +The word "ways" represents a person's conduct of life. AT: "what he deserves, based on how he lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what is his + +"what belongs to him" or "what he has a right to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/15.md b/pro/14/15.md index 17e35bf69a..e7d9ea1e47 100644 --- a/pro/14/15.md +++ b/pro/14/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# naive -* [[en:tw:evil]] +"inexperienced, immature" -## translationNotes +# his steps -* **the one who has not been taught** - "the simple" or "the naïve" AT: "the person who has not learned" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **prudent** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:12:23]]. -* **confidently dismisses** - "boldly ignores" +Here the idea of footsteps represents a person's behavior. AT: "his actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turns away from evil + +Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. AT: "avoids doing evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# confidently dismisses + +"boldly ignores" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/17.md b/pro/14/17.md index 2183bbcdde..98551e8176 100644 --- a/pro/14/17.md +++ b/pro/14/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# is quick to become angry +"becomes angry quickly" -## translationNotes +# naive -* **One who** - AT: "A person who" -* **is quick to become angry** - "becomes angry quickly" -* **untaught** - AT: "young and naïve" -* **inherit foolishness** - AT: "will only have foolishness" or "will always be foolish" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the prudent** - "the wise" AT: "prudent men" -* **are surrounded by knowledge** - AT: "always have the knowledge they need available" +"inexperienced, immature" + +# inherit foolishness + +Here "inherit" represents having permanent possession of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# foolishness + +The word "foolishness" is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions. + +# prudent people + +"wise people" + +# are crowned with knowledge + +Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on one's head, such as a turban with jewels. AT: "wear knowledge as a turban" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/19.md b/pro/14/19.md index 74245a7ffc..b72e1679fc 100644 --- a/pro/14/19.md +++ b/pro/14/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# bow down -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# at the gates of the righteous -* **at the gates of the righteous** - "at the door of the righteous person." This means the wicked will have to wait outside of the righteous person's house and beg to enter. -* **The poor person is hated even by his own companions** - AT: "Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "gates" represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. AT: "to meet with the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The poor person is hated even by his own companions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/21.md b/pro/14/21.md index 7a002c5203..0c4c276975 100644 --- a/pro/14/21.md +++ b/pro/14/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The one ... the one -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:contempt]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +"The person ... the person" -## translationNotes +# the poor -* **The one … the one** - AT: "The person … the person" -* **the poor** - "poor people" -* **Do not those who plot evil go astray?** - The implicit answer to this question is "yes". AT: "Those who plot evil will go astray" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who plot evil** - AT: "who make evil plans" or "who make plans to do evil things" -* **will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness** - AT: "will receive God's covenant faithfulness and enjoy his trustworthiness" +"poor people" + +# Do not those who plot evil go astray? + +The assumed answer to this question is "yes". AT: "Those who plot evil will go astray." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who plot evil + +"who make evil plans" or "who make plans to do evil things" + +# those who plan to do good will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "trustworthy." AT: "God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/23.md b/pro/14/23.md index 6711716789..e35fdaec03 100644 --- a/pro/14/23.md +++ b/pro/14/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# but when there is only talk +"but if you only talk" or "but when all a person does is talking" -## translationNotes +# The crown of wise people -* **but when there is only talk** - AT: "but if you only talk" or "but when all you do is talking" -* **The crown of the wise** - AT: "The reward of the wise" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the folly of fools** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:14:07]]. +The word "crown" represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. AT: "The reward of wise people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the folly of fools + +See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:8](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/25.md b/pro/14/25.md index 73f7df774e..dcc64469a9 100644 --- a/pro/14/25.md +++ b/pro/14/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# breathes out lies - -## translationNotes - -* **breathes out lies** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:06:17]]. +This figure of speech uses "breathes" to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/17.md). AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/26.md b/pro/14/26.md index 3316686f02..ae7d26d2ea 100644 --- a/pro/14/26.md +++ b/pro/14/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# fountain of life +A "fountain" is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. AT: "source of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# from the snares of death -* **fountain of life** - AT: "source of life" -* **snare** - a sort of trap used to hunt animals +A "snare" is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. AT: "from the trap that will kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/28.md b/pro/14/28.md index 3070aa2a5c..a3737c154a 100644 --- a/pro/14/28.md +++ b/pro/14/28.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the great number of his people +"how many people he rules" -## translationNotes +# the prince is ruined -* **the great number of his people** - AT: "how many people he rules" -* **the prince is ruined** - AT: "the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall" -* **the quick-tempered** - tempered** - a person who is quick to become angry +"the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall" + +# the quick-tempered + +a person who is quick to become angry \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/30.md b/pro/14/30.md index 1fe7c4eb75..968e32e9b0 100644 --- a/pro/14/30.md +++ b/pro/14/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A tranquil heart -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +"A peaceful mindset" or "An attitude that is at peace" -## translationNotes +# rots the bones -* **A tranquil heart** - AT: "A peaceful mindset" or "a mind that is at peace" -* **rots the bones** - Causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The one who ... the one who** - "The person who ... the person who" -* **the poor ... the needy** - "a poor person ... a needy person" -* **shows favor to** - AT: "is kind to" or "helps" +The word "rots" represents the decay of a person and "bones" represents the whole person. AT: "causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The one who ... the one who + +"The person who ... the person who" + +# curses + +This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone. + +# the poor ... the needy + +"a poor person ... a needy person" + +# shows favor to + +"is kind to" or "helps" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/32.md b/pro/14/32.md index 097f7a4472..5453fe9b1a 100644 --- a/pro/14/32.md +++ b/pro/14/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# is brought down by his evil actions -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "evil actions push over" or "evil actions destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Wisdom rests in the heart -* **brought down** - "pushed over" AT: "destroyed" -* **Wisdom rests in the heart** - AT: "Wisdom is found in the heart" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in the heart** - AT: "with" or "by" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the discerning** - "a discerning person" -* **she lets herself be known** - AT: "she makes sure people know her" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **she** - The word "she" refers to wisdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The word "heart" represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. AT: "Wisdom is in the attitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the discerning + +"a discerning person" + +# she lets herself be known + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she makes sure people know her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she + +The word "she" refers to wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/34.md b/pro/14/34.md index c67a31b7a7..adad1231e2 100644 --- a/pro/14/34.md +++ b/pro/14/34.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# disgrace +"bring shame upon" -## translationNotes +# prudently -* **disgrace** - "shame" -* **prudently** - "wisely" -* **the one who** - AT: "the servant who" +"wisely" + +# the one who + +"the servant who" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/intro.md b/pro/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..63e1f8533d --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/01.md b/pro/15/01.md index 279e20ab7d..244856a690 100644 --- a/pro/15/01.md +++ b/pro/15/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# A gentle answer turns away wrath -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person's wrath away. AT: "Answering a person gently will calm that person's wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# but a harsh word stirs up anger -* **A gentle answer** - "A tender answer" AT: "a friendly answer" -* **a harsh word stirs up anger** - AT: "an offensive word causes anger" or "a painful word makes a person angry" -* **The tongue of the wise compliments** - "The tongue of wise people compliments" AT: "Wise people compliment" or "When wise people speak they compliment" ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **compliments knowledge** - "treats knowledge well" or "does good to knowledge" -* **knowledge** - This refers to both information and to the process of learning and teaching. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **the mouth of fools** - AT: "fools" or "foolish people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. AT: "but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The tongue of wise people compliments knowledge + +Here the word "tongue" refers to the person who speaks. AT: "Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# compliments knowledge + +"makes knowledge attractive" or "uses knowledge correctly" + +# the mouth of fools pours out folly + +The writer speaks of fools' mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word "mouth" represents those who speak. AT: "fools are always speaking folly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/03.md b/pro/15/03.md index 65d562c402..695232f6bd 100644 --- a/pro/15/03.md +++ b/pro/15/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. AT: "Yahweh sees everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the evil and the good -* **The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere** - AT: "Yahweh sees everything" (UDB) (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the evil and the good** - "evil people and good people" AT: "everyone" -* **A healing tongue** - AT: "Healing words" or "Kind speech" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **is a tree of life** - AT: "is like a tree of life" or "is as spiritually healthy as a tree of life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a deceitful tongue** - AT: "a lying tongue" or "lying" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **crushes the spirit** - AT: "causes pain and hopelessness" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The words "evil" and "good" refer to people. AT: "evil people and good people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# A healing tongue is a tree of life + +The word "tongue" refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. AT: "Kind words are like a tree that gives life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a deceitful tongue crushes the spirit + +The phrase "a deceitful tongue" refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that person's spirit were an object that words have crushed. AT: "deceitful speech causes a person to despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/05.md b/pro/15/05.md index 26221c4895..9c31c8dd9a 100644 --- a/pro/15/05.md +++ b/pro/15/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he who learns from correction -* [[en:tw:contempt]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +The word "correction" can be translated as a verb. AT: "he who learns when someone corrects him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# prudent -* **correction** - AT: "being corrected" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **prudent** - "wise" -* **great treasure** - AT: "a lot of wealth" -* **the earnings** - AT: "the earned wealth" or "the produce" or "the revenue" +"wise" + +# the earnings of the wicked person give + +The word "earnings" can be translated as a verbal phrase. AT: "the wealth that a wicked person earns gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/07.md b/pro/15/07.md index 28001ae011..5a04cdd69d 100644 --- a/pro/15/07.md +++ b/pro/15/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The word "lips" represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. AT: "The speech of wise people spreads knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# not so the hearts of fools -* **The lips of the wise scatter knowledge about** - AT: "Wise men spread knowledge everywhere by what they say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **not so the hearts of fools** - AT: "but the hearts of fools do not scatter knowledge about" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the hearts of fools** - AT: "fools" or "foolish people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh hates the sacrifices of the wicked** - AT: "Yahweh hates it when wicked people sacrifice to him" or "Yahweh hates it when the wicked worship him" -* **the upright** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:31]]. -* **is his delight** - AT: "pleases him" or "is Yahweh's delight" +Possible meanings are 1) the word "hearts" is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. AT: "fools do not scatter knowledge about" or 2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with "hearts" being a metonym for the thoughts. AT: "fools do not understand knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# upright people + +"people who live rightly" + +# is his delight + +"pleases him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/09.md b/pro/15/09.md index 334d11e304..0c3392488e 100644 --- a/pro/15/09.md +++ b/pro/15/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh hates the way of wicked people -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. AT: "Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the one who pursues what is right -* **the one who** - "the person who" -* **pursues what is right** - AT: "wants to do what is right" or "tries to live a righteous life" -* **Harsh discipline** - "Strong discipline" AT: "Harsh corrections" -* **correction** - AT: "being corrected" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. AT: "the person who strives to live rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# anyone who forsakes the way + +Here "the way" refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. AT: "anyone who stops living rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he who hates correction + +The word "correction" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the person who hates it when others correct him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/11.md b/pro/15/11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c07b7bbb62 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/15/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Sheol and destruction are open before Yahweh + +The words "Sheol and destruction" both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how much more the hearts of the sons of mankind? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. AT: "so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the hearts of the sons of mankind + +Here the word "hearts" represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase "the sons of mankind" is an idiom for humanity. AT: "the thoughts of humans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The mocker resents correction + +The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal form. AT: "The mocker hates when others correct him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he will not go to the wise + +It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. AT: "he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/13.md b/pro/15/13.md index d3e200b0dc..8cdaf0b7ca 100644 --- a/pro/15/13.md +++ b/pro/15/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A joyful heart makes the face cheerful -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Here the word "heart" represents the person. AT: "When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# crushes the spirit -* **crushes the spirit** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:pro:15:03]]. -* **the discerning** - "a discerning person" AT: "a wise person" -* **the mouth of fools** - AT: "foolish people" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **feeds folly** - AT: "add to the folly that already exists" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that person's spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:4](./03.md). AT: "makes a person discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The heart of the discerning + +Here the word "heart" represents the mind and thoughts. AT: "The mind of the discerning person" or "The discerning person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the mouth of fools feeds on folly + +Here the word "mouth" represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. AT: "foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/15.md b/pro/15/15.md index ea7ceae16d..40a8572d6b 100644 --- a/pro/15/15.md +++ b/pro/15/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# All the days of oppressed people are miserable +"Oppressed people are miserable all of their days" -## translationNotes +# a cheerful heart has an unending feast -* **miserable** - "very unhappy" or "really bad" -* **a cheerful heart has an unending feast** - This compares the joy of a cheerful attitude to the joy of a feast. AT: "the person who has a cheerful heart enjoys life as if life were an unending feast" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **an unending feast** - AT: "a feast that will continue forever" -* **great treasure** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:15:05]]. -* **confusion** - "trouble" or "panic" +Here the word "heart" represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. AT: "the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an unending feast + +"a feast that never ends" + +# confusion + +"anxiety" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/17.md b/pro/15/17.md index 194e749596..0dae6e7cdf 100644 --- a/pro/15/17.md +++ b/pro/15/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# a meal with vegetables +The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. AT: "a small meal" or "very little food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# where there is love -* **fatted calf** - The fattened calf represents a delicious meal or a feast. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **fatted** - This means that the calf has been given extra food so that when it is killed, it will give more meat. -* **with hatred** - Possible meanings are 1) with people who hate you (UDB) 2) with people who hate each other and constantly quarrel. -* **stirs up arguments** - AT: "causes arguments" or "stirs up dispute" +The word "love" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "where people love one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a fatted calf served with hatred + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a fatted calf + +This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. AT: "a luxurious meal" or "a feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with hatred + +The word "hatred" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "where people hate one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# stirs up arguments + +Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun "arguments" can be stated as "argue." AT: "causes people to argue more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/19.md b/pro/15/19.md index 1e928bca24..52ce0654fc 100644 --- a/pro/15/19.md +++ b/pro/15/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The path of the sluggard ... the path of the upright +The writer speaks of a person's life as if it were a path on which the person walks. AT: "The life of the sluggard ... the life of the upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns -* **The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns** - The life of a lazy person has many painful obstacles like a path overgrown with thorns. AT: "The way of the sluggard is like a hedge of thorns" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the path of the upright is a built-up highway** - up highway** - The life of those who live to please God is smooth and does not have barriers or obstacles. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the upright** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:31]]. -* **built-up highway** - up highway** - This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes. -* **despises** - See how you translated in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:01:07]] +The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. AT: "The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the path of the upright is a built-up highway + +The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# built-up highway + +This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/21.md b/pro/15/21.md index a6879ed79c..e20a06f50c 100644 --- a/pro/15/21.md +++ b/pro/15/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who has understanding walks a straight path -* [[en:tw:foolish]] +The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. AT: "the person who has understanding does what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Plans go wrong -* **a person who lacks sense** - AT: "a person without wisdom" or "a fool" -* **the one who** - "the person who" -* **walks a straight path** - Walking a path is a metaphor for a way of living. A straight path is a righteous or wise path. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Plans go wrong** - "Plans fail" or "Plans are destroyed" -* **advisors** - people who give recommendations as a guide to action +"Plans fail" + +# where there is no advice + +"when there is no one to give advice" + +# advisors + +people who give recommendations as a guide to action + +# they succeed + +"plans succeed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/23.md b/pro/15/23.md index f05ba42475..e9ac6b5405 100644 --- a/pro/15/23.md +++ b/pro/15/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a pertinent reply -* [[en:tw:hades]] +"a fitting reply" or "an appropriate answer" -## translationNotes +# how good is a timely word -* **a pertinent reply** - "a good answer" (UDB) or "an answer" -* **how good is a timely word** - This is an exclamation that functions to emphasize that a timely word is very good. AT: "a word at the right time is very good" -* **leads upward** - This is a positive thing. AT: "makes life go better" -* **prudent** - "wise" +This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. AT: "a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# The path of life leads upward ... from Sheol beneath + +The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/25.md b/pro/15/25.md index 546b3ed0f6..2ad319b080 100644 --- a/pro/15/25.md +++ b/pro/15/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# legacy +"house." This refers to household, property, and wealth. -## translationNotes +# the words of kindness are pure -* **legacy** - "house" This refers to household, property, and wealth. -* **the words of kindness are pure** - "kind words are pure" AT: "kind words are morally good" or "Yahweh loves kind words" +"kind words are pure" or "pleasant words are pure" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/27.md b/pro/15/27.md index 0678e3c4ee..c24cf028a4 100644 --- a/pro/15/27.md +++ b/pro/15/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The heart of the righteous person ponders before it answers +Here the word "heart" is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. AT: "The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil -* **the one who** - "the person who" -* **pours out** - AT: "spreads everywhere" +The writer speaks of wicked people's mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word "mouths" represents those who speak. AT: "wicked people are always saying evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil + +It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. AT: "the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil" or "the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/29.md b/pro/15/29.md index baf4a7e321..9d23d136ba 100644 --- a/pro/15/29.md +++ b/pro/15/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh is far away from wicked people +The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. AT: "Yahweh does not listen to wicked people" or "Yahweh does not answer wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The light of the eyes -* **Yahweh is far away from** - AT: "Yahweh does not listen to" or "Yahweh does not answer" -* **hears** - AT: "responds to" -* **light of the eyes** - AT: "look of happiness in the eyes" -* **is health to the body** - AT: "brings health to the body" or "heals the body" +The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one's face as if the person's eyes emitted light. AT: "A cheerful expression" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brings joy to the heart + +The word "heart" represents the person. Possible meanings are 1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or 2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. AT: "causes a person to be joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# good news is health to the body + +Here the word "body" represents the person. AT: "receiving good news makes a person feel good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/31.md b/pro/15/31.md index 49987e657f..873d1519a6 100644 --- a/pro/15/31.md +++ b/pro/15/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# you will remain among wise people -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Possible meanings are 1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or 2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people. -## translationNotes +# listens to correction -* **pay attention** - AT: “listen carefully” -* **you will remain among the wise** - Possible meanings are 1) wise people will want you to stay with them or 2) people will continue to see you as a wise person. -* **the one who** - "the person who" -* **despises** - See how you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:01:07]]. -* **listens to correction** - AT: "receives correction" (UDB) or "follows correcting instructions" +The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "listens when others correct him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/33.md b/pro/15/33.md index 72f0377bd3..5c208ba5b8 100644 --- a/pro/15/33.md +++ b/pro/15/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The words "fear" and "wisdom" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# The fear of Yahweh -* **The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom** - AT: "Deep respect for Yahweh will teach you how to be wise" -* **humility comes before honor** - AT: "if someone is humble, people will honor him" +See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md). + +# humility comes before honor + +This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/intro.md b/pro/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b70fbdfe01 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/01.md b/pro/16/01.md index e3af9f5817..88fbda385a 100644 --- a/pro/16/01.md +++ b/pro/16/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The plans of the heart belong to a person -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "heart" represents the person's mind and thoughts. AT: "A person makes plans in his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue -* **the answer from his tongue** - what Yahweh says will happen (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in his own eyes** - "in his opinion" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **weighs** - judges, evaluates -* **spirits** - "motives" or "intentions" +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person's plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person's plans or 2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the answer from his tongue + +The person is represented by his "tongue" to emphasize his speech. AT: "the answer that he speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# All of a person's ways are pure in his own eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. AT: "A person thinks that everything he does is pure" or "A person judges everything he does as pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh weighs the spirits + +Here the word "spirits" represents people's desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person's desires and motives as if he were weighing that person's spirit. AT: "Yahweh judges the person's motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/03.md b/pro/16/03.md index 320de6a833..c439483f97 100644 --- a/pro/16/03.md +++ b/pro/16/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes +# even the wicked for the day of trouble +The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/05.md b/pro/16/05.md index a08ae2f4cd..5e7f655308 100644 --- a/pro/16/05.md +++ b/pro/16/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# everyone who has an arrogant heart -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] +Here the word "heart" represents the person. AT: "everyone who is arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# they will not go unpunished -* **though they stand hand in hand** - This is an idiom meaning “It is certain” or “Be sure of this” as when people shake hands to confirm an agreement or stand together in unity. See how you translated “It is certain” in [[en:bible:notes:pro:11:21]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they will not go unpunished** - "they will be punished" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will certainly punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "trustworthy." This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people's sins" or 2) AT: "Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# people turn away from evil + +The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. AT: "people stop doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/07.md b/pro/16/07.md index b3dc363617..ecc7745782 100644 --- a/pro/16/07.md +++ b/pro/16/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he makes +"Yahweh makes" -## translationNotes +# a large income -* **injustice** - "wrongdoing" +"earning a lot of money" + +# injustice + +"wrongdoing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/09.md b/pro/16/09.md index 63928e66b9..430210812e 100644 --- a/pro/16/09.md +++ b/pro/16/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In his heart a person plans out his way -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "heart" represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person's actions as if the person were walking on a path. AT: "A person plans in his mind what he will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh directs his steps -* **An oracle** - a decision from God, a divine verdict. -* **on the lips of a king** - "in what a king says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **does not speak deceitfully** - "speaks truth" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] ) +The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person's plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king + +Here the word "lips" is a metonym for what the king says. AT: "What a king says are insightful decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his mouth should not betray justice + +The word "mouth" represents the king himself. AT: "he should not speak deceitfully when he judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/11.md b/pro/16/11.md index ff1132cc8f..1edfbafdb6 100644 --- a/pro/16/11.md +++ b/pro/16/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Honest scales come from Yahweh +Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# all the weights in the bag are his work -* **Honest scales come from Yahweh** - Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **a throne** - the government of a king or the decisions made by a king from the throne (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or 2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses. + +# that is something to be despised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that is something that people despise" or "that is something that Yahweh despises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for a throne is established by doing what is right + +Here the word "throne" represents the king's rule. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/13.md b/pro/16/13.md index bc143223f8..9dd1720cc9 100644 --- a/pro/16/13.md +++ b/pro/16/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# lips that say what is right -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Here the word "lips" represents the person who speaks. AT: "a person who speaks the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# A king's wrath is a messenger of death -* **lips that say what is right** - "a person who speaks the truth" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **A king's wrath is a messenger of death** - If a king is angry, he may command that someone be killed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king's wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. AT: "An angry king can put people to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/15.md b/pro/16/15.md index b68143b9e5..f048700edb 100644 --- a/pro/16/15.md +++ b/pro/16/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14. -## translationNotes +# In the light of a king's face is life -* Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14. -* **the light of a king’s face** - "a king's happy expression" -* **How much better it is to get wisdom than gold.** - AT: "It is better to get wisdom than gold." +The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king's face as if his face emitted light. AT: "When the king is cheerful, people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain + +The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# How much better it is to get wisdom than gold + +This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. AT: "It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# To get understanding should be chosen more than silver + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/17.md b/pro/16/17.md index 894a16107f..c1e2ba94f9 100644 --- a/pro/16/17.md +++ b/pro/16/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The highway of upright people +The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. AT: "The righteous way that upright people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# turns away from evil -* **The highway of the upright** - "the right way of living" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) and how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:31]]. -* **downfall** - "ruin" or "failure" +The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. AT: "keeps them from doing evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a haughty spirit + +Here the word "spirit" represents the person's attitude and temperament. AT: "an arrogant attitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a downfall + +"ruin" or "failure" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/19.md b/pro/16/19.md index 92b6a2c592..1903033e8e 100644 --- a/pro/16/19.md +++ b/pro/16/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# spoil +goods taken in battle -## translationNotes +# what they are taught -* **spoil** - goods taken in battle. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what someone has taught them" or "what they have learned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/21.md b/pro/16/21.md index da20bafa9a..bac8e8badb 100644 --- a/pro/16/21.md +++ b/pro/16/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who is wise in heart is called discerning +This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning" or "The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The one who is wise in heart -* **sweetness of speech** - "speaking pleasantly" -* **Understanding is a fountain of life** - Understanding, or good sense, is a constant source of life and blessing, just as a fountain is a source of water that supports life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. AT: "The one who is wise" or "The one who is wise in his thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sweetness of speech + +The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. AT: "kind speech" or "pleasant speech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Understanding is a fountain of life + +The writer speaks of "Understanding" as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. AT: "Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/23.md b/pro/16/23.md index 3ba6117d02..5c001eb18d 100644 --- a/pro/16/23.md +++ b/pro/16/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The heart of a wise person gives +Here the word "heart" represents the mind and thoughts. AT: "The thoughts of a wise person gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# gives insight to his mouth -* **gives insight to his mouth** - "makes his speech wise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to his lips** - "to what he says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "mouth" is a metonym for speech. AT: "makes his speech wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to his lips + +Here the word "lips" is a metonym for speech. AT: "to what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Pleasant words are a honeycomb + +The writer speaks of pleasant words being able to bring delight to the hearers as if the words were a honeycomb dripping with fresh honey. AT: "Pleasant words are like a honeycomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sweet to the soul + +Possible meanings for the word "soul" are 1) it represents a person's inward desires and pleasures. AT: "sweet enough to make a person happy" or 2) it can mean "throat" and is a metonym for a person's tongue and ability to taste. AT: "sweet to a person's taste" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# healing to the bones + +Here the word "bones" represent a person's body. AT: "healing to the body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/25.md b/pro/16/25.md index b86c644a76..55698a4ba0 100644 --- a/pro/16/25.md +++ b/pro/16/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# There is a way that seems right to a man +The writer speaks of a person's conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. AT: "A person thinks that the way he is living is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# but its end is the way to death -* **appetite** - a desire or liking for food. +The word "its" refers to "way" in the previous line. This "way" is the road that leads to death. + +# The laborer's appetite works for him + +The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. AT: "The laborer works to satisfy his appetite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# his hunger urges him on + +The writer speaks of "hunger" as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. AT: "he keeps on working because he is hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/27.md b/pro/16/27.md index 4650bc16c5..9a0a1f0aed 100644 --- a/pro/16/27.md +++ b/pro/16/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# A worthless person digs up mischief +The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. AT: "A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# worthless -* **worthless** - wicked, deceptive -* **mischief** - evil, trouble -* **his speech is like a scorching fire** - "his words injure people like a fire does" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **perverse** - turned away from what is right; wicked; corrupt +"useless" or "wicked" + +# mischief + +"evil" or "trouble" + +# his speech is like a scorching fire + +The writer compares the way this person's words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. AT: "he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a gossip + +a person who gossips or spreads rumors \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/29.md b/pro/16/29.md index 3745d00066..2debc0c763 100644 --- a/pro/16/29.md +++ b/pro/16/29.md @@ -1,6 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A man of violence lies to his neighbor +It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. AT: "A man of violence entices his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# A man of violence -* **those who purse the lips** - The face will often show signs when a person is plotting evil. +"A violent man" or "A man who practices violence" + +# leads him down a path that is not good + +The writer speaks of a person's actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. AT: "gets him to do things that are not good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a path that is not good + +The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. AT: "a very bad path" or "a terrible path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The one who winks the eye ... those who purse the lips + +Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated "winks the eye" in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md). + +# will bring evil to pass + +"will do evil things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/31.md b/pro/16/31.md index c30f4e71da..9bb820bb56 100644 --- a/pro/16/31.md +++ b/pro/16/31.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Gray hair is a crown of glory +The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. "Gray hair" is a metonym for old age. AT: "A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# it is gained -* **Gray hair is a crown of glory** - Old age is an honor, like a crown (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person gains it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one who rules his spirit + +The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. AT: "one who controls his temper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/33.md b/pro/16/33.md index fc5a98faa6..bd56bd5e0e 100644 --- a/pro/16/33.md +++ b/pro/16/33.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The lots are cast into the lap +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A person throws the lots into his lap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the decision is from Yahweh +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or 2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/intro.md b/pro/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa89875049 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Proverbs 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King and royalty ##### + +Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers. + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/01.md b/pro/17/01.md index fc5a98faa6..30e8e280e1 100644 --- a/pro/17/01.md +++ b/pro/17/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to have quiet +Here "quiet" refers to "peace." AT: "to have peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# than a house full of feasting with strife +There are words missing here; "to have" or "to be in" may be added. AT: "than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/03.md b/pro/17/03.md index 169a17465b..d6cd3c1517 100644 --- a/pro/17/03.md +++ b/pro/17/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold +This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. AT: "The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# crucible -* **crucible** - a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature -* **Yahweh refines hearts** - AT: "Yahweh tests hearts" Just as heating gold and silver removes whatever is impure, so testing by Yahweh removes evil and foolishness from hearts. +a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature + +# Yahweh refines hearts + +This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. AT: "Yahweh tests peoples' hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hearts + +"Hearts" represent a person's thoughts and desires. AT: "people's thoughts and desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wicked lips + +The word "lips" can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. AT: "a wicked person" or "wicked talk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# gives ear + +This idiom means "listens." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# destructive tongue + +The word "tongue" can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. AT: "a destructive person" or "destructive talk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/05.md b/pro/17/05.md index fc5a98faa6..ee0d20c640 100644 --- a/pro/17/05.md +++ b/pro/17/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the poor +This refers to poor people. AT: "those who are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# his Maker +This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. AT: "the one who made him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# at misfortune + +This refers to the misfortune of others. AT: "at others' misfortune" or "at other peoples' troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are the crown of + +This speaks of older peoples' grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. AT: "bring honor and respect to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the aged + +This refers to older people. AT: "those who are older" or "older people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/07.md b/pro/17/07.md index 6d6177141d..5e4c047c8f 100644 --- a/pro/17/07.md +++ b/pro/17/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Eloquent speech +"Fine speech" or "Excellent speech" -## translationNotes +# much less are lying lips suitable for royalty -* **Eloquent speech** - "Fine speech" or "Excellent speech" -* **much less are lying lips suitable for royalty** - It is not appropriate for honorable people to lie. +This describes people lying as if it were actually their "lips" that were lying. AT: "even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# A bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives it + +This speaks of a person's bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. AT: "A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it" or "A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# wherever he turns + +Here "turning" refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. AT: "in whatever he does" or "in everything he tries to do by giving bribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/09.md b/pro/17/09.md index 20c3d516f5..a8701eed7b 100644 --- a/pro/17/09.md +++ b/pro/17/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# offense +something that hurts or angers a person -## translationNotes +# who repeats a matter -* **offense** - something that hurts or angers a person -* **alienates** - "separates" -* **a person who has understanding** - "a person who understands" or "a person who has good judgment" +This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. AT: "who repeats a past offense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# alienates + +"separates" + +# A rebuke goes deeper into a person ... than a hundred blows go into a fool + +This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. AT: "A rebuke has more effect on a person ... than a hundred blows have on a fool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a person who has understanding + +"a person who has good judgment." The word "understand" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "a person who understands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a hundred blows go + +"a beating of a hundred blows goes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/11.md b/pro/17/11.md index 83230f393c..76a23dd8e4 100644 --- a/pro/17/11.md +++ b/pro/17/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# seeks rebellion +The word "rebellion" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "seeks to rebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# a cruel messenger will be sent against him -* **a cruel messenger will be sent against him** - AT: "a cruel messenger will come against him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a cruel messenger will come against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be sent against him + +To be "sent against" someone means to be sent to harm them. AT: "will be sent to harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a bear robbed of her cubs + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a bear who has just lost her cubs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in his foolishness + +The word "foolishness" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "who is acting foolish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/13.md b/pro/17/13.md index b6d5145791..c6be58e381 100644 --- a/pro/17/13.md +++ b/pro/17/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# evil will never leave his house +Here "evil" is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man's house. Here the word "house" may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. AT: "bad things will continue to happen to him and his family" or "bad things will never stop happening to him and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# The beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere -* **The beginning of conflict is like the one who releases water everywhere** - A conflict is like spilled water that goes everywhere. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. AT: "Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# has broken out + +"starts"or "begins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/15.md b/pro/17/15.md index 13db6a7b80..627230d6dd 100644 --- a/pro/17/15.md +++ b/pro/17/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The person who acquits the wicked person and the person who condemns the righteous person +"The one who acquits wicked people and the one who condemns the righteous" -## translationNotes +# acquits -* **Anyone who acquits the wicked or condemns those who do right** - AT: "The one who acquits the wicked and the one who condemns those who do right" -* **Acquit** - justify, declare someone not guilty -* **Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it?** - AT: "Money to buy wisdom is of no use to a fool since he has no sense." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +justifies, declares someone not guilty + +# Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/17.md b/pro/17/17.md index fc5a98faa6..d3c8acf302 100644 --- a/pro/17/17.md +++ b/pro/17/17.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a brother is born for times of trouble +One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. AT: "a brother is there for times of trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# no sense +"no good judgement" + +# binding promises + +This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/19.md b/pro/17/19.md index fc5a98faa6..a84968d058 100644 --- a/pro/17/19.md +++ b/pro/17/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# causes bones to be broken +This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. AT: "is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot" or "is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# who has a crooked heart +The "heart" represents a person's feelings, attitudes and motivations. AT: "who is deceptive" or "who is dishonest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has a perverse tongue + +The "tongue" represents a person's speech. AT: "speaks perversely" or "speaks wickedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# falls into calamity + +"falls into trouble" To "fall into" something means to get into that situation. AT: "will have calamity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/21.md b/pro/17/21.md index ea641aa71a..9b2e945333 100644 --- a/pro/17/21.md +++ b/pro/17/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A cheerful heart is good medicine +This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. AT: "A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# A cheerful heart -* **beget** - to generate offspring -* **dries up the bones** - makes a person unhealthy and lifeless (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The "heart" represents a person's feelings, attitudes and motivations. AT: "Being cheerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a broken spirit + +Here the "spirit" represents a person's feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. AT: "depression" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dries up the bones + +A person's bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person's bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. AT: "makes a person unhealthy and weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/23.md b/pro/17/23.md index 0c8d373663..616be447bf 100644 --- a/pro/17/23.md +++ b/pro/17/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# to pervert the ways of justice +"to prevent justice from being rendered" or "to pervert justice" -## translationNotes +# sets his face toward wisdom -* **the ends of the earth** - a very long way away +This speaks of a person's focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. AT: "focuses on acting wisely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the eyes of a fool are + +This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. AT: "the fool is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the ends of the earth + +This speaks of a fool's impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. AT: "strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth" or "focus on impossible things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/25.md b/pro/17/25.md index 354eed72c0..ea7064db53 100644 --- a/pro/17/25.md +++ b/pro/17/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# A foolish son is a grief to his father +This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were "grief." AT: "A foolish son brings grief to his father" -## translationNotes +# A foolish son ... and bitterness to the woman -* **bitterness** - emotional pain, sorrow -* **Also, it is never good to punish one who does right, neither is it good to flog noble men who have integrity.** - AT: "It is wrong to punish one who does right, or to flog noble men who have integrity." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **flog** - whip severely +This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were "bitterness." AT: "A foolish son ... and brings bitterness to the woman" + +# who bore him + +"who gave birth to him" + +# bitterness + +emotional pain, sorrow + +# it is never good ... neither is it good + +These statements can be written in positive form. AT: "it is always wrong ... and it is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# the righteous person + +Another possible meaning is "the innocent person," anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit. + +# flog + +whip severely + +# who have integrity + +The word "integrity" can be expressed with the adjective "honest." AT: "who are honest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/27.md b/pro/17/27.md index 0c8fafcb89..c0a110cd26 100644 --- a/pro/17/27.md +++ b/pro/17/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# uses few words +This refers to the way he speaks. AT: "speaks with few words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Even a fool is thought to be wise -* **keeps his mouth shut** - AT: "does not speak" +This can be written in active form. AT: "People even think a fool is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# keeps his mouth shut + +This means that he does not speak. AT: "does not speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he is considered to be intelligent + +This can be written in active form. AT: "people consider him to be intelligent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/intro.md b/pro/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c3f51d5b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Proverbs 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/01.md b/pro/18/01.md index 33afd77dfd..517ee706c4 100644 --- a/pro/18/01.md +++ b/pro/18/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# isolates himself +"keeps away from other people" -## translationNotes +# quarrels with all sound judgment -* **quarrels** - "disagrees" -* **sound judgment** - AT: "common sense" or "wise choices" -* **revealing what is in his own heart** - AT: "talking about himself" +This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if "sound judgment" were a person he fought with. AT: "he disagrees with all sound judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# sound judgment + +"good judgment" or "wise choices" + +# A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only + +"A fool does not care about understanding, but only about" This means the fool considers "understanding" the opposite of pleasure. AT: "A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# but only in revealing what is in his own heart + +This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. AT: "but only in telling others what is in his own heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# what is in his own heart + +The contents of a person's heart refers to the person's thoughts and feelings. AT: "what he thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/03.md b/pro/18/03.md index fa6937ee32..5fb3c40a1e 100644 --- a/pro/18/03.md +++ b/pro/18/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach -* [[en:tw:water]] +Here "contempt," "shame," and "reproach" are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are 1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. AT: "people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach" or 2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. AT: "he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# shame and reproach -* **When a wicked person ... shame and reproach** - AT: "When an evil person comes, he has contempt for other people; they will feel ashamed and start reproaching each other" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **The words of ... a flowing stream** - What a person says is compared to water in three different ways over two parallel lines, this is to emphasize how good it is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the "shame" felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# The words of a man's mouth are deep waters; ... the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream + +These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. AT: "The words of a wise man's mouth are deep waters; ... the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The words of a man's mouth are deep waters + +This speaks of a wise man's words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. AT: "The words of a man's mouth are as profound as deep waters" or "The words of a man's mouth are deep and profound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a man's mouth + +Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. AT: "of a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream + +This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. AT: "the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/05.md b/pro/18/05.md index 4465246d52..86517e63f8 100644 --- a/pro/18/05.md +++ b/pro/18/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It is not good to ... to the righteous person +These phrases can be written in positive form. AT: "It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# A fool's lips bring -* **It is not good to ... to those who do right** - AT: "It is good to condemn the wicked for his sins, and to be just to those who do right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **A fool’s lips bring ... invites a beating** - These two lines repeat the same idea to emphasize the danger of speaking foolishly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A fool’s lips bring** - AT: "what a fool says brings" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his mouth invites a beating** - AT: "what he says calls for someone to give him a beating" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the fool is referred to by his "lips" to emphasize what he says. AT: "what a fool says brings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bring + +"cause" + +# his mouth invites a beating + +This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. AT: "his mouth makes people want to beat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his mouth + +Here what the fool says is referred to as his "mouth." AT: "what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/07.md b/pro/18/07.md index 3d6b8346b6..8a85aedd57 100644 --- a/pro/18/07.md +++ b/pro/18/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# A fool's mouth ... with his lips +Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. AT: "What a fool says ... by what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# is his ruin -* **A fool’s mouth ... his lips** - Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **is his ruin** - AT: "will ruin him" -* **he ensnares himself** - AT: "he will cause problems for himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The words of a gossip ... of the body** - Gossip is compared to tasty food to show how willingly people believe it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **morsel** - "bite of food" +"will ruin him" + +# he ensnares himself + +This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. AT: "he will cause problems for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels + +This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. AT: "The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The words of a gossip + +This refers to what a gossiping person says. AT: "The words that a gossiping person speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# morsels + +small bites of food + +# they go down into the inner parts of the body + +This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person's mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. AT: "and they enter a person's mind and affect his thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/09.md b/pro/18/09.md index 713f239300..8d956a47ac 100644 --- a/pro/18/09.md +++ b/pro/18/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# one who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. AT: "is closely related to" or "is very similar to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# is slack -* **is slack** - "is lazy" or "is not interested" -* **is a brother to** - AT: "is closely related to" or "is very similar to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The name of Yahweh is a strong tower** - AT: "Yahweh protects like a strong tower" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **runs into it and is safe** - This expands the metaphor of Yahweh as a strong tower. AT: "is like a person who runs into a tower to protect himself" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"is lazy" or "is not interested" + +# the one who destroys the most + +"the one who destroys everything" or "the one who is always destructive" + +# The name of Yahweh is a strong tower + +This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. AT: "Yahweh protects like a strong tower" or "Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The name of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to righteous people. AT: "those who are righteous" or "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# runs into it and is safe + +This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. AT: "run to him and they are safe" or "seek him and they are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/11.md b/pro/18/11.md index 1c2b7471b2..0e80abe44b 100644 --- a/pro/18/11.md +++ b/pro/18/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The wealth of the rich is his fortified city +This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. AT: "The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the rich -* **The wealth of the rich is his fortified city** - AT: "A rich person will try to protect himself with his wealth" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **fortified city** - city with strong defences like walls and towers -* **in his imagination it is like a high wall** - The protection provided by wealth is not real but only imagined. -* **Before his downfall a person's heart is proud** - AT: "First a person is proud, but then comes his downfall" -* **his downfall** - AT: "he falls down" or "he is humiliated" or "his life and reputation are destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **humility comes before honor** - AT: "humility leads to honor" +This refers to people who are rich. AT: "the rich person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# fortified city + +a city with strong defenses like walls and towers + +# in his imagination it is like a high wall + +This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. AT: "he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Before his downfall a person's heart is proud + +"First a person's heart is proud, but then comes his downfall" + +# downfall + +This refers to a significant decline in a person's reputation or health. + +# a person's heart + +Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. AT: "a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# humility comes before honor + +The word "humility" may be expressed as an adjective and the word "honor" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "a person must be humble before he can be honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/13.md b/pro/18/13.md index 4c041d2b99..2635a0f07d 100644 --- a/pro/18/13.md +++ b/pro/18/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# it is his folly and shame +The abstract nouns "folly" and "shame" may be expressed as adjectives. AT: "it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# A person's spirit will survive sickness -* **it is his folly and shame** - AT: "it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **A person's spirit will survive sickness** - A person's spirit stands for a person's desire to live. AT: "If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **but a broken spirit who can bear it?** - This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. AT: "but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a broken spirit** - AT: "being depressed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. AT: "A person who is hopeful will survive sickness" or "If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# but a broken spirit who can bear it? + +This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. This can be written as a statement. AT: "but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a broken spirit + +This refers to being depressed. AT: "being depressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/15.md b/pro/18/15.md index b8593099e1..b188f5aadf 100644 --- a/pro/18/15.md +++ b/pro/18/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The heart of the intelligent acquires -* [[en:tw:gift]] +Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. AT: "The intelligent desire to acquire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the intelligent -* **The heart of the intelligent ... the hearing of the wise ...** - These two phrases are repeated for emphasis, because it is an important concept. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The heart of the intelligent** - AT: "The intelligent person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **acquires** - "gains" or "obtains" -* **the hearing of the wise** - "the ear of the wise" AT: "the wise person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **may open the way** - AT: "may create opportunities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **bring him before** - AT: "let him meet" or "let him be introduced to" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to people who are intelligent. AT: "those who are intelligent" or "intelligent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# acquires + +"gains" or "obtains" + +# the hearing of the wise seeks it out + +Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. AT: "the wise seeks to learn about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the wise + +This refers to people who are wise. AT: "those who are wise" or "wise people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# seeks it out + +Here the word "it" refers to "knowledge" + +# may open the way + +Here to "open the way" means to create an opportunity. AT: "may create an opportunity for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bring him before + +This means to be allowed to see someone. AT: "let him meet" or "let him be introduced to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/17.md b/pro/18/17.md index e938936a0a..e7f720a85a 100644 --- a/pro/18/17.md +++ b/pro/18/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The first -* [[en:tw:plead]] +"The 1st." This refers to the first person to do something. AT: "The first person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# Casting the lot -* **and questions him** - AT: "and investigates him" or "and critically examines his case" +"Casting lots" + +# separates strong opponents + +This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. AT: "causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/19.md b/pro/18/19.md index cffcc1919d..9a4aa8b457 100644 --- a/pro/18/19.md +++ b/pro/18/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# An offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city -* [[en:tw:gate]] +This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. AT: "If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# quarreling is like the bars of a castle -* **castle** - a fortified palace -* **the fruit of his mouth** - AT: "his wise speech" or "his good words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **one's stomach is filled** - AT: "a person is satisfied" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the harvest of his lips** - AT: "his wise speech" or "his good words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he is satisfied** - AT: "he is pleased" or "will make him happy" +This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. AT: "resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# castle + +a fortified palace + +# From the fruit of his mouth one's stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied + +These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. AT: "A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the fruit of his mouth + +This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. AT: "his wise speech" or "his good words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# one's stomach is filled + +This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied" AT: "a person is satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the harvest of his lips + +This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. AT: "his wise speech" or "his good words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he is satisfied + +"he is pleased" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/21.md b/pro/18/21.md index dba7c4090c..3535c80e05 100644 --- a/pro/18/21.md +++ b/pro/18/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Death and life are controlled by the tongue -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +This can be written in active form. AT: "The tongue can lead to life of death" or "What people say can lead to life or death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# by the tongue ... love the tongue -* **Death and life are in the power of the tongue** - AT: "What people say can lead to life or death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **those who love it will eat its fruit** - Eating the fruit of the power of the tongue means to experience the consequences, good or bad. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **love it** - "love the power of the tongue" or "love to talk" +Here the "tongue" refers to speech. AT: "by what people say ... love speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will eat its fruit + +This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. AT: "will receive its consequences" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/23.md b/pro/18/23.md index 002babf646..f2f8d23fe3 100644 --- a/pro/18/23.md +++ b/pro/18/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# many friends is brought to ruin by them -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "many friends--they will bring him to ruin" or "many friends--his friends will destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# comes closer than -* **is brought to ruin by them** - AT: "they will bring him to ruin" or "they will destroy him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **comes closer than** - "is more faithful than" or "stays more loyal than" +"is more faithful than" or "stays more loyal than" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/intro.md b/pro/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..36ee53ed84 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/01.md b/pro/19/01.md index da29048e1f..b28e68a4b6 100644 --- a/pro/19/01.md +++ b/pro/19/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Better is a poor person -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +"It is better to be a poor person" -## translationNotes +# who walks in his integrity -* **Better is a poor person** - AT: "It is better to be a poor person" -* **is perverse in speech** - AT: "speaks in an evil way" -* **to have desire without knowledge** - AT: "for a person to be without knowledge" or "to work hard without knowing what you are doing" -* **the one who runs too fast misses the path** - AT: "the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes" or "the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. AT: "who lives in his integrity" or "who lives an honest life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# is perverse in speech + +The word "speech" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "speaks perversely" or "speaks in an evil way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to have desire without knowledge + +This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. AT: "to work hard without knowing what you are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the one who runs too fast misses the path + +This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. AT: "the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes" or "the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/03.md b/pro/19/03.md index f29f0338ce..cbe741488b 100644 --- a/pro/19/03.md +++ b/pro/19/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# his heart rages -* [[en:tw:rage]] +Here a person is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions. AT: "he rages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Wealth adds many friends -* **his heart rages** - "he rages" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Those who are wealthy easily find many friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a poor person is separated from his friends + +A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "poverty causes a person to lose his friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/05.md b/pro/19/05.md index 78e981d75f..79aee2aa66 100644 --- a/pro/19/05.md +++ b/pro/19/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# A false witness will not go unpunished -* [[en:tw:punish]] +This can be written in positive and active form. AT: "They will certainly punish a false witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# he who breathes out lies will not escape -* **will not go unpunished** - "will be punished" or "They will punish him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **breathes out lies** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:06:17]]. -* **will not escape** - AT: "will be captured" or "they will capture him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a generous person** - someone who often gives away things +This means that he will be captured. AT: "they will capture the one who breathes out lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# breathes out lies + +This is an idiom. Here "breathes" refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/17.md). AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a generous person + +someone who often gives away things + +# everyone is a friend + +The word "everyone" is an exaggeration. AT: "it seems that everyone is a friend" or "almost everyone is a friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/07.md b/pro/19/07.md index 48448d45ce..8536ac303b 100644 --- a/pro/19/07.md +++ b/pro/19/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# how much more do his friends who go far away from him! +This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. AT: "therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# loves his own life -* **how much more do his friends who go far away from him!** - This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. AT: "therefore his friends will certainly go far away from him" -* **loves his own soul** - AT: "loves himself" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the person is referred to by his "life" to emphasize himself being alive. AT: "loves himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# keeps understanding + +"has understanding" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/09.md b/pro/19/09.md index 58734a69e3..c49f430056 100644 --- a/pro/19/09.md +++ b/pro/19/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# A false witness will not go unpunished -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](./05.md). AT: "They will certainly punish a false witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# breathes out lies -* **A false witness ... breathes out lies** - See how you translated this whole phrase in [[en/bible/notes/pro/19/05]]. -* **luxury** - condition of wealth and pleasure -* **much less for a slave** - AT: "it is much less fitting for a slave" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This figure of speech uses "breathes" to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/17.md). AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# It is not fitting + +"It is not right" + +# luxury + +condition of wealth and pleasure + +# much less for a slave + +The missing words may be added. AT: "it is much less fitting for a slave" or "it is even worse for a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/11.md b/pro/19/11.md index aaf6453664..a0cf28e067 100644 --- a/pro/19/11.md +++ b/pro/19/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Discretion makes a person slow to anger +"A person who has discretion is slow to become angry" -## translationNotes +# Discretion -* **Discretion** - See how you translated in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:01:04]] -* **to overlook** - to forget on purpose -* **The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion** - The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the roaring of a young lion** - Roaring refers to attacking. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but his favor is like dew on the grass** - The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that is on the grass in the morning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md). + +# it is his glory to overlook + +"it will bring him glory to overlook" or "others will consider it honorable if he overlooks" + +# to overlook + +to forget on purpose + +# The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion + +Here the lion's roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. AT: "The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but his favor is like dew on the grass + +The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. AT: "but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass" or "but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/13.md b/pro/19/13.md index b55d6c0db9..45f4fd37fa 100644 --- a/pro/19/13.md +++ b/pro/19/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# is ruin to his father +"will ruin a father" -## translationNotes +# a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water -* **a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water** - AT: "A quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **quarreling** - "arguing" or "disagreeing" -* **A house and wealth are inherited from parents** - AT: "Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **prudent** - See how you translated this word in [[:en/bible/notes/pro/12/23]]. -* **a prudent wife is from Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh gives a prudent wife" +This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. AT: "a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a quarreling wife + +"an arguing wife" or "a disagreeing wife" + +# A house and wealth are inherited from parents + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# prudent + +See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md). + +# a prudent wife is from Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh gives a prudent wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/15.md b/pro/19/15.md index a2369567f6..d375b4e35d 100644 --- a/pro/19/15.md +++ b/pro/19/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Laziness throws a person into a deep sleep +This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. AT: "Laziness makes a person sleep a lot" or "A lazy person sleeps a lot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# go hungry -* **throws a person into a deep sleep** - "throws you into a deep sleep" AT: "makes a person sleep a lot" -* **guards his life** - "protects his life" -* **his ways** - AT: "how he lives" +This is an idiom which means to not eat. AT: "not eat" or "be hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the command + +"the command that he was taught" + +# guards his life + +"protects his life" + +# his ways + +This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. AT: "the way that he lives" or "how he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/17.md b/pro/19/17.md index 86896f25a3..be1fe13eaf 100644 --- a/pro/19/17.md +++ b/pro/19/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh +Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. AT: "The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the poor -* **while there is hope** - AT: "while he is young" or "while he can still be taught" -* **do not set your heart on putting him to death** - AT: "do not punish him so that he might die" or "you should always want your child to live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **set your heart on** - AT: "be determined to do something" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to poor people. AT: "those who are poor" or "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# while there is hope + +This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "while he is young" or "while he can still be taught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and do not set your desire on putting him to death + +Possible meanings are 1) this phrase describes punishing your child. AT: "but do not punish him so severely that he might die" or 2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. AT: "for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# set your desire on putting him + +This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. AT: "be determined to put him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/19.md b/pro/19/19.md index 4099c0b238..3ceeb75d81 100644 --- a/pro/19/19.md +++ b/pro/19/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A hot-tempered person -* [[en:tw:counselor]] +This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. AT: "A person who does not control his temper" or "A person who becomes angry quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# must pay the penalty -* **A hot-tempered person** - tempered person** - AT: "A person who does not control his temper" or "A person who becomes angry quickly" -* **if you rescue him** - "if you save him" -* **Listen to advice and accept instruction** - These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize hoe important it is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Listen to advice** - AT: "Pay attention to advice" or "Follow advice" +This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "must bear the consequences of his anger" or "must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# if you rescue him + +"if you save him." This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "if you rescue him after he has had an outburst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a second time + +"a 2nd time" or "again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Listen to advice and accept instruction + +These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Listen to advice + +This is an idiom. Here "listening" does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. AT: "Pay attention to advice" or "Follow advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/21.md b/pro/19/21.md index f1ef450e37..e8a684a53c 100644 --- a/pro/19/21.md +++ b/pro/19/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in a person's heart +Here the "heart" is used to refer to the "mind" to emphasize a person's desire. AT: "in a person's mind" or "that a person desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the purpose of Yahweh -* **in a person's heart** - AT: "in a person's mind" or "in a person's thoughts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **loyalty** - AT: "faithfulness" +"Yahweh's purpose" or "Yahweh's plans" + +# that will stand + +This idiom means to "happen." AT: "that will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/23.md b/pro/19/23.md index 6d0cb3dc50..999fc301d9 100644 --- a/pro/19/23.md +++ b/pro/19/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied -* [[en:tw:afflict]] +This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# anyone who has it -* **he not afflicted by harm** - AT: "he will be safe" or "harm will not afflict him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the word "it" refers to "honor for Yahweh." + +# satisfied and not afflicted by harm + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "satisfied; nothing will harm him" or "satisfied; he will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sluggard + +See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md). + +# buries his hand in the dish + +"dips his hand in the dish" or "puts his hand in his plate." In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today. + +# he will not even bring it back up to his mouth + +He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. AT: "but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/25.md b/pro/19/25.md index 417efb9bcd..48fbd605a7 100644 --- a/pro/19/25.md +++ b/pro/19/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Strike a mocker, and the naive person +"If you strike a mocker, the naive person" -## translationNotes +# Strike -* **Hit a mocker** - "Strike a mocker" or "Beat a mocker" -* **prudent** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:12:23]]. -* **gain knowledge** - AT: "increase his knowlegde" or "learn even more" +"Punish" + +# naive person + +"inexperienced person" or "immature person" + +# prudent + +See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md). + +# discipline one who is discerning, and + +"if you discipline one who is discerning," + +# he will gain knowledge + +The abstract noun "knowledge" can be stated as "know." AT: "he will know more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/26.md b/pro/19/26.md index bbd6bc97c3..5edd58599c 100644 --- a/pro/19/26.md +++ b/pro/19/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# brings shame and reproach +Possible meanings are 1) he brings it to himself. AT: "brings shame and reproach to himself" or 2) he brings it to his family. AT: "brings shame and reproach to his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# If you cease to hear instruction -* **brings shame and reproach** - Possible meanings are 1) he brings it to himself (UDB) or 2) to his family. -* **If you cease to hear instruction** - "If you stop paying attention to instruction" or "if you stop obeying instruction" -* **you will stray from** - AT: "you will abandon" or "you will turn your back on" +Here "listening and obeying" is spoken of as if it were "hearing." AT: "If you stop paying attention to instruction" or "If you stop obeying instruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will stray from + +"you will abandon" or "you will turn your back on" + +# the words of knowledge + +"knowledge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/28.md b/pro/19/28.md index 22b6e3a520..64107641a5 100644 --- a/pro/19/28.md +++ b/pro/19/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] +This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. AT: "the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the mouth of the wicked swallows -* **the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity** - AT: "wicked people enjoy doing evil as they enjoy eating food" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Condemnation is ready for mockers** - AT: "God is ready to condemn mockers" or "people are ready to condemn mockers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **flogging for the backs of fools** - AT: "flogging is ready for the backs of fools" or "fools will soon be flogged" or "people will soon punish fools" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **flogging** - beating with a whip or stick +Here wicked people are referred to by their "mouths." AT: "the wicked swallow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people. AT: "the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for + +The words "condemnation" and "flogging" may be expressed as verbs. AT: "Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# flogging for the backs + +The missing words may be added. AT: "flogging is ready for the backs" or "he is ready to flog the backs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# flogging + +beating with a whip or stick \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/intro.md b/pro/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7752dea34a --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/01.md b/pro/20/01.md index b16b28a82d..ff7731126b 100644 --- a/pro/20/01.md +++ b/pro/20/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:astray|astray, go astray, led astray, stray]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink|strong drink]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Wine is a mocker -* **Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **wine is a mocker** - AT: "a person who is drunk with wine mocks" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **strong drink is a brawler** - AT: "a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **brawler** - a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place -* **whoever is led astray by drink is not wise** - AT: "whoever drink leads astray is not wise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **drink** - This refers to alcoholic drinks. +Here "wine" refers to the person who is drunk with wine. AT: "A person who is drunk with wine mocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# strong drink is a brawler + +Here "strong drink" refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. AT: "a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a brawler + +a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place + +# whoever is led astray by drink is not wise + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by drink + +Here "drink" refers to alcoholic drinks + +# is not wise + +This means the opposite of "wise" which is "foolish." AT: "is foolish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# The fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaring + +This compares how people fear a king's wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. AT: "The king's wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# makes him angry + +"makes the king angry" + +# forfeits his life + +This refers to being killed. "Life" here refers to physical life. AT: "will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/03.md b/pro/20/03.md index e4f635ed5e..47fe19b8d4 100644 --- a/pro/20/03.md +++ b/pro/20/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It is an honor +"It is honorable." This means that a person will be honored. -## translationNotes +# every fool jumps into an argument -* **plow** - get the land ready for planting -* **autumn** - "the planting season" +This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. AT: "every fool quickly gets into an argument" or "every fool is quick to join an argument" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plow + +to prepare land for planting + +# autumn + +"the planting season" + +# but will have nothing + +This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. AT: "but will have nothing to harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/05.md b/pro/20/05.md index 92ec25cfb9..68a6dcf89b 100644 --- a/pro/20/05.md +++ b/pro/20/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The purpose in a human heart is like deep water -* [[en:tw:faithful]] +This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a person's actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. AT: "It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well" or "The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# someone with understanding -* **The purposes in a human heart are like deep water** - How difficult it is to guess the reasons for someone's actions is compared to how hard it is to see the bottem of a deep lake or river. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **will draw them out** - AT: "will cause the purposes to be known" or "will figure it out" -* **loyal** - "faithful" or "trustworthy" -* **but who can find one who is faithful?** - The implicit answer is "few can find someone like that" AT: "but few men can find a person who is faithful" or "but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"a person who has understanding" + +# will draw it out + +This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. AT: "will cause the purpose to be known" or "will figure it out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# loyal + +"faithful" or "trustworthy" + +# but who can find one who is faithful? + +The implicit answer is "few can find someone like that." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "but few men can find a person who is faithful!" or "but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/07.md b/pro/20/07.md index 365ec8c59b..6c6555945d 100644 --- a/pro/20/07.md +++ b/pro/20/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# walks in his integrity -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] +Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). AT: "lives by his integrity" or "lives an honest life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# his sons who follow after him -* **walks in his integrity** - See how you translated this phrase in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:19:01]]. -* **winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him** - AT: "seeing and sorting the different forms of evils" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This simply means that they "follow after him" since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. AT: "his sons after him" or "his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# is winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him + +This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. AT: "sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/09.md b/pro/20/09.md index dffe80f6e6..57e9ae86bd 100644 --- a/pro/20/09.md +++ b/pro/20/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Who can say, "I have kept my heart clean; I am free from my sin"? +The implicit answer to this question is, "No one can say that." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# my heart -* **Who can say, "I have kept my heart clean, I am free from my sin?"** - AT: "No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin" or "everyone has to say that his heart is not clean and that he is a sinner" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **my heart** - AT: "myself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I am free from sin** - AT: "I have not sinned" +Here a person's "heart" refers to his thoughts and desires. AT: "my thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# clean + +A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am free from my sin + +"I am without sin" or "I have not sinned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/11.md b/pro/20/11.md index b77cd1c6ed..c188858e4c 100644 --- a/pro/20/11.md +++ b/pro/20/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Even a youth is known by his actions +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People know a young man by his actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# whether his conduct is pure and upright -* **a youth is known by his actions** - AT: "people know a young man by his actions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his conduct** - "his deeds" AT: "what he does" -* **pure and upright** - These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Ears that hear and eyes that see** - The same thought is repeated to emphasize that Yahweh made all our senses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"whether his conduct is pure and upright or not" + +# his conduct + +"his deeds" or "what he does" + +# pure and upright + +These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. AT: "pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Ears that hear and eyes that see + +The same thought is repeated to emphasize that Yahweh made all our senses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/13.md b/pro/20/13.md index 1c07a97789..b48fe178fc 100644 --- a/pro/20/13.md +++ b/pro/20/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# come to poverty +The phrase "come to" here means to transition into a new situation; to become. AT: "become poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# open your eyes -* **open your eyes** - AT: "wake up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "opening one's eyes" is spoken of as "being awake." AT: "stay awake" or "be alert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# "Bad! Bad!" says the buyer, but when he goes away he boasts + +Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "'Bad! Bad!' says the buyer criticizing the seller's wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/15.md b/pro/20/15.md index a5c972cbc7..32446e7b1a 100644 --- a/pro/20/15.md +++ b/pro/20/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# lips of knowledge are a precious jewel -* [[en:tw:precious]] +This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. AT: "lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# lips of knowledge -* **lips of knowledge are a precious jewel** - Lips of knowledge are compared to a valuable jewel. AT: "lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lips of knowledge** - AT: "wise words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* ** puts up money as security for a stranger's debt** - AT: "agrees to pay off the loan of a stranger if he does not pay" -* **adulteresses** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:05:03]]. +Here "words" are referred to as "lips." AT: "wise words" or "words of knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger + +When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# puts up security + +This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. AT: "guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back" or "promises to pay a loan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# hold it in pledge + +This is an idiom. To "hold something in pledge" means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. AT: "hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/17.md b/pro/20/17.md index 6ecc5876d3..09a9f3fc8c 100644 --- a/pro/20/17.md +++ b/pro/20/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Bread gained by deceit +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Bread that someone gained by deceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# by deceit -* **Bread gained by deceit** - AT: "Food that someone gained by deceiving others" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **tastes sweet** - "tastes good" -* **gravel** - small pieces of rock -* **Plans are established by advice** - AT: "People establish plans by advice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "deceit" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "by deceiving others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Bread + +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "Food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tastes sweet + +"tastes good" + +# but afterward his mouth will be full of gravel + +This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. AT: "but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth" or "but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# gravel + +small pieces of rock + +# Plans are established by advice + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People establish plans based on advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/19.md b/pro/20/19.md index 2fb4944a19..3ab69e1e08 100644 --- a/pro/20/19.md +++ b/pro/20/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# A gossip +This means someone who gossips a lot. -## translationNotes +# you should not associate with -* **not associate with** - AT: "be friends with" -* **his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness** - AT: "his life will end like when someone snuffs out a lamp and is left in the dark" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"you should not be friends with" + +# If a person curses + +This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else. + +# his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness + +This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. AT: "his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark" or "he will die suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his lamp will be snuffed out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his lamp will go out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his lamp + +This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp's flame is referred to as the lamp itself. AT: "the flame of his lamp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# snuffed out + +to cause a flame to go out \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/21.md b/pro/20/21.md index 9889504f0c..ce4670c51e 100644 --- a/pro/20/21.md +++ b/pro/20/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# at the beginning +This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "before the right time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# I will pay you back -* **I will pay you back** - AT: "I will punish you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Wait for Yahweh** - AT: "Have faith in Yahweh" or "Hope in Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. AT: "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Wait for Yahweh + +This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. AT: "Have faith in Yahweh" or "Hope in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/23.md b/pro/20/23.md index ca094a12cd..7788464090 100644 --- a/pro/20/23.md +++ b/pro/20/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not good +These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A person's steps are directed by Yahweh -* **Yahweh hates unequal weights, and dishonest scales are not good** - These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A person's steps are directed by Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh direct a person's steps" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **how then can he understand his way?** - The implicit answer is that he cannot. AT: "therefore, a person cannot understand his way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **understand his way** - AT: "know why some things happen in his life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh directs a person's steps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A person's steps + +This refers to the various things a person does. AT: "A person's actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# how then can he understand his way? + +The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. AT: "therefore, a person cannot understand his way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# understand his way + +This is an idiom. The phrase "his way" refers to the person's life. AT: "understand why some things happen in his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/25.md b/pro/20/25.md index 7eb833cdc3..a101b787dd 100644 --- a/pro/20/25.md +++ b/pro/20/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It is a snare -* [[en:tw:winnow]] +This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. AT: "It is dangerous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to say rashly -* **It is a snare** - AT: "It is dangerous" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **rashly** - quickly without thinking -* **making his vow** - AT: "saying that" or "declaring it holy" -* **winnows out the wicked** - "separates the wicked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean + +# making his vow + +The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. AT: "dedicating it to Yahweh" or "declaring it holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# winnows the wicked + +This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. AT: "separates the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people. AT: "those who are wicked" or "the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# he turns a threshing wheel over them + +This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. AT: "he severely punishes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# threshing wheel + +"threshing cart." This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/27.md b/pro/20/27.md index 600d61b9ef..46def0037f 100644 --- a/pro/20/27.md +++ b/pro/20/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost parts -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] +This speaks of a person's spirit as if it were a lamp. A person's spirit helps him to understand his inner self. AT: "Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the king -* **The spirit of a person ... all his inmost parts** - A person's spirit is like a lamp that Yahweh has given us to see. AT: "Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **preserve** - to keep safe from harm or loss -* **his throne is made secure by love** - AT: "love makes his throne secure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his throne** - AT: "his rule" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **secure** - "safe" +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "trustworthy." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# preserve the king + +keep the king safe from harm + +# his throne is made secure by love + +Here "throne" represents the king's power to rule. The abstract noun "love" can be stated as a verb. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/29.md b/pro/20/29.md index 1871035b22..d1652930d3 100644 --- a/pro/20/29.md +++ b/pro/20/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean - -## translationNotes - -* **Blows that make a wound ... and beatings make ...** - These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **cleanse away evil** - AT: "make a person less evil" -* **make the innermost parts clean** - AT: "make a person better in his innermost parts" +Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. AT: "Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/intro.md b/pro/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..82ac6e8e8e --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/01.md b/pro/21/01.md index c5ce90b2d8..e9b2e9a914 100644 --- a/pro/21/01.md +++ b/pro/21/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The writer speaks of the king's heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. AT: "Yahweh controls the king's heart as a man directs water for irrigation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The king's heart -* **The king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh controls the king's heart, as a man directs water for irrigation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The king's heart** - AT: "The king's thoughts and actions" or "The king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **right to him** - AT: "morally correct to him" -* **who weighs the hearts** - AT: "who will judge the motives" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. AT: "The king's thoughts and actions" or "What the king thinks and what he wants to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Every person's way is right in his own eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. AT: "Every person thinks that what he does is good" or "Every person judges what he does as good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who weighs the hearts + +The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. AT: "who will judge the motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/03.md b/pro/21/03.md index 204f956ff6..0c5398407e 100644 --- a/pro/21/03.md +++ b/pro/21/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# To do what is right -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:haughty]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"To do what Yahweh thinks is right" -## translationNotes +# To do what is ... just -* **right and just** - These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how important it is to be just. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **is more acceptable to Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh wants this more" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **haughty eyes and a proud heart** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how bad pride is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **eyes ... heart** - Both these words refer to a whole person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the lamp of the wicked** - AT: "the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people" + +# just is more acceptable to Yahweh + +"just—Yahweh wants this more" + +# Haughty eyes and a proud heart + +The words "eyes" and "heart" are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. AT: "People who want others to think that they are better than other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Haughty eyes + +This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# proud heart + +This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the lamp of the wicked + +The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. AT: "the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/05.md b/pro/21/05.md index 3ca8985bcc..d07e3e38be 100644 --- a/pro/21/05.md +++ b/pro/21/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the diligent -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "a diligent man" or "a man who works hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# comes only to poverty -* **the diligent** - "a diligent man" AT: "a man who works hard" -* **comes only to poverty** - "only becomes poor" -* **Acquiring riches** - "Obtaining riches" or "Gaining wealth" -* **a lying tongue** - AT: "speaking lies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a fleeting vapor** - These riches are compared to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. "a disappearing mist" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and a snare of death** - Riches gotten dishonestly will kill the person who has them. +The abstract noun "poverty" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "only becomes poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Acquiring riches + +"Gaining wealth" + +# a lying tongue + +The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. AT: "speaking lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a fleeting vapor + +The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. AT: "a disappearing mist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a snare that kills + +The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter's trap; the word "snare" is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/07.md b/pro/21/07.md index 4aa49e8468..732add3cb2 100644 --- a/pro/21/07.md +++ b/pro/21/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The violence of the wicked will drag them away -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sweep]] +The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# violence of the wicked -* **will sweep them away** - Violence is compared to a flood. "will drag them away" or "will ruin them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The way of a guilty person is crooked** - AT: "the way a guilty person lives is crooked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **crooked** - “bent” or “not straight” AT: "wrong" +The abstract noun "violence" refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. The word "wicked" is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. AT: "The violent actions of wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# drag them away + +This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT "drag them away like fish" or "destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The way of a guilty person is crooked + +This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. AT: "The way a guilty person lives is crooked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crooked + +Here "crooked" means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. AT: "wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/09.md b/pro/21/09.md index f0c9ca5fdc..835d31c531 100644 --- a/pro/21/09.md +++ b/pro/21/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a corner of the roof -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# quarrelsome -* **a corner of the housetop** - "the edge of the roof" -* **craves** - "strongly desires" AT: "really wants to do something" -* **no kindness in his eyes** - AT: "that he is not kind" or "that he is very mean" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]], and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +a person who often argues or complains + +# The appetite of the wicked craves evil + +The writer speaks of a person's appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word "wicked" is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word "evil" is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. AT: "Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# craves + +"strongly desires" + +# his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes + +The idiom to "find favor" means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person's thoughts and attitude towards another person. AT: "his neighbor does not receive favor from him" or "he does not act kindly towards his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/11.md b/pro/21/11.md index ede1b8ebca..33a6e4c069 100644 --- a/pro/21/11.md +++ b/pro/21/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# When the mocker is punished -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "When someone punishes the mocker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# naive -* **When the mocker is punished** - AT: "When someone punishes the mocker" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **when the wise person is instructed** - AT: "when someone instructs the wise person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **watches** - AT: "carefully considers" or "pays attention to" -* **overthrows** - "ruins" or "destroys" -* **he brings down the wicked to ruin** - "to ruin them" or "to destroy them" +"inexperienced, immature" + +# the mocker + +"the person who mocks others" + +# when the wise person is instructed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "when someone instructs the wise person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lays hold of knowledge + +Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The righteous + +Possible meanings are 1) any righteous person or 2) "Yahweh the one who is righteous." + +# watches + +"pays careful attention to" + +# he brings wicked people to disaster + +Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. AT: "he destroys them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/13.md b/pro/21/13.md index 0a6661a5af..b187d8e53c 100644 --- a/pro/21/13.md +++ b/pro/21/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +This is an idiom. AT: "The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he will not be answered -* **not hear the cry of the poor** - "not listen to the outcry of the poor" AT: "not pay attention to how the poor suffer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he will not be heard** - AT: "no one will hear him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **A gift in secret ... a concealed gift takes ...** - These two phrases repeat the same idea to emphasize how effective this can be. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **appeases anger** - AT: "turns anger into peace" +The word "answered" is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one will do anything to help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# appeases anger + +"makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/15.md b/pro/21/15.md index d2b98eaed1..ef3a5eed33 100644 --- a/pro/21/15.md +++ b/pro/21/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# When justice is done -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated as a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "When rulers do what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# wanders from the way of understanding -* **When justice is done** - AT: "When rulers do what is just" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **wanders from** - AT: "walks away from" or "abandons" -* **the way of understanding** - AT: "the wise and just way of living" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he will rest in the assembly of the dead** - "he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits" AT: "he will rest in the place where dead spirits come together to rest" +This is an idiom. AT: "no longer lives wisely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will rest in the assembly of the dead + +"he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/17.md b/pro/21/17.md index c275cd0797..ee0f3d5db8 100644 --- a/pro/21/17.md +++ b/pro/21/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# is ransom for -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +The word "ransom" is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the treacherous -* Both verse 17 and verse 18 are a parallelism. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **becomes ransom for ... is ransom for** - To be or become the ransom for someone else means that you have to pay their financial debt or their moral penalty. AT: "will pay the debt of ... pays the debt of" or "will be punished instead of ... is punished instead of" -* **the treacherous** - someone who cannot be trusted -* **the upright** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:31]]. +a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely + +# upright people + +"righteous people" or "honest people" or "just people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/19.md b/pro/21/19.md index f2d195aa2f..817d402628 100644 --- a/pro/21/19.md +++ b/pro/21/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# wise -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:strife]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "wise person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# wastes them -* **stirs up strife** - AT: "makes people angry with each other" or "causes strong disagreements between people" -* **wastes them** - "swallows them up" AT: "spends them all" +"uses them all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/21.md b/pro/21/21.md index 098d24641b..4486a11687 100644 --- a/pro/21/21.md +++ b/pro/21/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# scales the city -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city" -## translationNotes +# the city of the mighty ones -* **goes up against the city** - AT: "attacks the city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the city of the mighty** - AT: "the city of mighty men" or "the city of mighty warriors" (UDB) -* **he brings down** - AT: "he destroys" or "he first brings down" -* **the stronghold that defended it** - AT: "the fortress that would have made it impossible to conquer the city" +"a city in which mighty men are living" or "a city of mighty warriors" + +# he brings down + +This is an idiom. AT: "he destroys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the stronghold in which they trusted + +"the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/23.md b/pro/21/23.md index aa349d3d5d..2df961081e 100644 --- a/pro/21/23.md +++ b/pro/21/23.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever guards his mouth and tongue -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:haughty]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +Both "mouth" and "tongue" refer to what a person says. AT: "Whoever is careful in what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# The proud and haughty person ... acts with arrogant pride -* **Whoever guards his mouth and tongue** - Both "mouth" and "tongue" refer to what a person says. AT: "Whoever is careful in what he says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **proud and haughty** - These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the "mocker" is his name** - This phrase refers to the proud and haughty person and is spoken as if speaking to someone else. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **is his name** - AT: "is his character" or "is what you should call him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride" + +# proud and haughty + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# "Mocker" is his name + +The word "name" is a metonym for what people would call him. AT: "a mocker is what you should call him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/25.md b/pro/21/25.md index c62e09b787..225244551e 100644 --- a/pro/21/25.md +++ b/pro/21/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The desire of the lazy kills him -* [[en:tw:hand]] +The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. AT: "A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die" or "A lazy person will die because he does not want to work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# his hands refuse -* **The desire of the lazy** - AT: "What a lazy person wants to do" -* **his hand** - AT: "he" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **craves** - "wants greatly" or "desires strongly" -* **does not hold back** - AT: "gives generously" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "he refuses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# craves + +"wants greatly" or "desires strongly" + +# gives and does not hold back + +The phrase "does not hold back" can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. AT: "gives everything he should" or "gives generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/27.md b/pro/21/27.md index b6fc87b9f0..2c1ca04c0c 100644 --- a/pro/21/27.md +++ b/pro/21/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness|false witness, false testimony]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/07.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked. -## translationNotes +# the wicked -* **is detestable** - "is disgusting" AT: "causes strong dislike" -* **it is even more detestable when** - AT: "especially when" -* **will speak for all time** - AT: "will speak unto the end" or "will always be allowed to speak" +The nominal adjective "wicked" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "the wicked person" or "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# it is even more detestable + +"Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more" + +# will speak for all time + +This is because people will never forget what he said. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/29.md b/pro/21/29.md index b3c06b8a75..62e67277d5 100644 --- a/pro/21/29.md +++ b/pro/21/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# makes his face hard -* [[en:tw:evil]] +Possible meanings are 1) "pretends to be courageous" or 2) "will not listen to correction." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# is certain about his ways -* **his face** - AT: "himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **is careful about his actions** - AT: "acts with understanding." Other translations may read "acts only after planning" or "is deliberate in his actions." +A person's actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. AT: "is certain about what he does" or "is confident about what he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/30.md b/pro/21/30.md index 8955f648d8..22c79d127b 100644 --- a/pro/21/30.md +++ b/pro/21/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:counselor|counsel, counselor]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The words "there is" are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns "wisdom," "understanding," and "advice." Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat "there is no." The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. AT: "There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who" or "There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# stand against Yahweh -* **There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice** - These three words refer to the same thing. AT: "Absolutely no human knowledge" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **The horse is prepared for the day of battle** - AT: "Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the day of battle** - AT: "when there is a battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"defeat Yahweh" or "work against what Yahweh wants to do" or "show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong" + +# The horse is prepared for the day of battle + +These words can be translated in active form. AT: "Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the day of battle + +The word "day" refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. AT: "when there is a battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/intro.md b/pro/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7345e540f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/01.md b/pro/22/01.md index 2cfaf72a5d..cca33d9320 100644 --- a/pro/22/01.md +++ b/pro/22/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# A good name is to be chosen over great riches +These words can be translated in active form. AT: "A person should choose a good name rather than great riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# A good name -* **A good name is ... and favor is better ...** - These two lines say basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important this is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A good name is to be chosen over great riches** - AT: "A person should choose a good reputation over great riches" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **have this in common** - "share the fact that" +"To have others think that one is a good person" + +# have this in common + +"are alike in one way" or "are the same in this way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/03.md b/pro/22/03.md index b519c7b8ff..dbe9dc7a6e 100644 --- a/pro/22/03.md +++ b/pro/22/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# A prudent man +"A man who is wise" or "A man who has good sense." See how you translated "prudent" in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/15.md). -## translationNotes +# the naive -* **prudent** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:12:15]]. -* **push ahead** - "pass through" AT: "keep going" +"the inexperienced and immature" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/05.md b/pro/22/05.md index 8bc892b1f8..b2f19d61ab 100644 --- a/pro/22/05.md +++ b/pro/22/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:perverse]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] -* [[en:tw:thorn]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural "thorns" and man-made "snares." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# snares -* **thorns and snares** - These two words together describe the dangers of the path. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **snare** - a trap to catch animals -* **whoever guards his soul** - "anyone who protects himself" AT: "whoever is careful with himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the way he should go** - AT: "how he should live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +traps to catch animals + +# the perverse + +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "perverse people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# whoever guards his life + +A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. AT: "people who want to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the way he should go + +How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. AT: "how he should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/07.md b/pro/22/07.md index fdcde959e8..b79a198595 100644 --- a/pro/22/07.md +++ b/pro/22/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# borrows ... lends -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. AT: "borrows money ... lends money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# He who sows injustice will reap trouble -* **borrows ... lends** - AT: "borrows money ... lends money" -* **He who sows wickedness will reap trouble** - AT: "A person who does bad things will get in trouble" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the rod of his fury** - AT: "his anger" or "becoming very angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will be of no use** - "will not help him" +The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. AT: "If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rod of his fury will fade away + +The word "rod" is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are 1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or 2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. AT: "he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rod of his fury + +The word "rod" is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. AT: "the rod he had used as if he were punishing people" or "the power he used to harm others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will fade away + +The word translated "fade away" is also used of plants drying up. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/09.md b/pro/22/09.md index 413a87f824..ff72d37659 100644 --- a/pro/22/09.md +++ b/pro/22/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who has a generous eye will be blessed +These words can be translated in active form. AT: "God will bless the one who has a generous eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# one who has a generous eye -* ** The one who has a generous eye will be blessed** - AT: "God will bless the one who has a generous eye" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **has a generous eye** - AT: "has a generous attitude" or "is generous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **generous** - giving, unselfish +The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the "generous eye" not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "generous person" or "person who is willing to give things to other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bread + +Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# disputes and insults will cease + +The abstract nouns "disputes" and "insults" can be translated as verbs. AT: "people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/11.md b/pro/22/11.md index a199fd3ad2..e28faa3525 100644 --- a/pro/22/11.md +++ b/pro/22/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# loves a pure heart +It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "loves having a pure heart" or "wants to be pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# gracious -* **loves a pure heart** - AT: "loves having a pure heart" or "wants to be pure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **whose speech is gracious** - AT: "who speak gracefully" -* **The eyes of Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **keep watch over knowledge** - AT: "protect knowledge" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **overthrows** - "destroys" or "ruins" -* **treacherous** - "a treacherous person." See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:11:03]]. +"kind" + +# The eyes of Yahweh keep watch over + +The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. AT: "Yahweh keeps watch over" or "Yahweh guards knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# keep watch over knowledge + +Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. AT: "protect knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# overthrows + +"destroys" + +# the treacherous + +The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate "treacherous" as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). AT: "a treacherous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/13.md b/pro/22/13.md index e07d25a4d6..b7bb3fb07a 100644 --- a/pro/22/13.md +++ b/pro/22/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The lazy person says +The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here. -## translationNotes +# The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit -* **A lazy person says** - The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here. -* **The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit** - AT: "The mouth of an adulteress may cause you to sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The mouth of an adulteress** - AT: "What an adulteress says" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **an adulteress** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:05:03]]. -* **Yahweh's anger is stirred up** - AT: "Yahweh is angry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **falls into it** - AT: "sins because of the adulteress" +The word "mouth" is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. AT: "The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an adulteress + +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md). + +# Yahweh's anger is stirred up + +Here "stirred up" means that his anger increased. AT: "Yahweh is angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# falls into it + +Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. AT: "sins because of the adulteress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/15.md b/pro/22/15.md index 28f3691420..dea130707b 100644 --- a/pro/22/15.md +++ b/pro/22/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +"The heart of a child is full of foolish things" -## translationNotes +# the rod of discipline -* **Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child** - AT: "The heart of a child is full of foolish things" -* **the rod of discipline** - AT: "discipline" or "a strict upbringing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **drives it far away** - AT: "will take away the foolishness" or "will make a child wise" -* **to increase his wealth** - "to become richer" or "to gain more money" -* **gives to the rich** - AT: "gives money to the rich" -* **will come to poverty** - "will become poor" +The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# drives it far away + +The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. AT: "will make a child wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to increase his wealth + +"to become richer" or "to gain more money" + +# gives to rich people + +"gives money to rich people" + +# will come to poverty + +This is an idiom. AT: "will become poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/17.md b/pro/22/17.md index 3714d89234..23800ed8c4 100644 --- a/pro/22/17.md +++ b/pro/22/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Verse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs. -## translationNotes +# Incline your ear and listen -* **Pay attention and hear** - These two verbs means the same thing and emphasize the importance of listening. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the words of the wise** - AT: "what wise people say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **apply your heart** - AT: "do your best to remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my knowledge** - The person speaking is probably the same as the father from the first chapter. -* **ready on your lips** - AT: "available in your memory" or "in your mind, ready for you to recite them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **even to you** - This is repeated to emphasize the personal nature of this teaching. +Here the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated "incline your ear" in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). AT: "Pay attention and listen" or "Listen attentively" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the words of the wise + +"what wise people say" + +# apply your heart to + +This is an idiom. AT: "do your best to understand and remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my knowledge + +The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/07.md). He may be speaking of "the words of the wise" as "my knowledge." The abstract noun "knowledge" can be stated as "know." AT: "the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you" or "what I know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all of them are ready on your lips + +The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. AT: "you are able to speak of them at any time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# today—even to you + +"today. Yes, I am teaching you," The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words "even to you" can be left untranslated. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/20.md b/pro/22/20.md index ad36f0d9cb..67dec32128 100644 --- a/pro/22/20.md +++ b/pro/22/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:teach]] +These verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md). -## translationNotes +# Have I not written for you ... you? -* **Have I not written for you** - The answer to this question is "yes." AT: "I have written for you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **instruction and knowledge** - These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the content of the thirty sayings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **to those who sent you** - This implies that the person listening is or will be a messenger, a function similar to a diplomat or a negociator. +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You need to know that I have written for you ... you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# thirty sayings + +Some translations read, "excellent sayings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# to those who sent you + +This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/22.md b/pro/22/22.md index 0baa87e2ff..82cd18afaa 100644 --- a/pro/22/22.md +++ b/pro/22/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses begin the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](./20.md)). -## translationNotes +# Do not rob ... or crush -* **crush the needy** - AT: "oppress people who are in need" -* **at the gate** - This refers to the place where business transactions and judgements were made. AT: "during negotiations" or "in legal disputes" -* **Yahweh will plead their case** - AT: "Yahweh will defend people in need" -* **he will rob those of life who robbed them** - This phrase means that Yahweh will destroy those who oppress poor people. AT: "he will kill those who oppress poor people" +If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here. + +# the poor + +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "any poor person" or "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# crush + +grind into powder. This is a metaphor for "treat unjustly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the needy + +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "any needy person" or "any person who does not have what he needs to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# at the gate + +The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. AT: "in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh will plead their case + +The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. AT: "Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them" or "Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will rob of life those who robbed them + +Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. AT: "he will destroy those who oppress poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/24.md b/pro/22/24.md index c58cd64269..f6b663bff7 100644 --- a/pro/22/24.md +++ b/pro/22/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](./20.md)). -## translationNotes +# someone who is ruled by anger -* **rages** - shows violent anger -* **entangle** - become involved or twisted up in a difficult situation -* **snare** - a type of trap used to catch animals. See how you translated in [[en/bible/notes/pro/22/05]] +someone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rages + +shows violent anger + +# you will take bait for your soul + +A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. AT: "you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bait for your soul + +The soul is a metonym for the person's life. AT: "bait that someone has put out so he can kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/26.md b/pro/22/26.md index fc5a98faa6..f58dd17a33 100644 --- a/pro/22/26.md +++ b/pro/22/26.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](./20.md)). -## translationNotes +# strikes hands +A person would strike his hand against another person's hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone's debts. + +# in making a pledge + +"and agree to pay what someone owes to another person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/28.md b/pro/22/28.md index 42457c81f1..6a3f4a6e81 100644 --- a/pro/22/28.md +++ b/pro/22/28.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](./20.md)). -## translationNotes +# ancient -* **ancient** - very old -* **boundary stone** - a large stone to show the line that marks one area from another -* **Do you see a man skilled at his work?** - AT: "Consider a man who is skilled at his work" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +very old + +# boundary stone + +a large stone that shows where one person's land ends and another person's land begins + +# fathers + +ancestors + +# Do you see a man skilled at his work? + +This rhetorical question is actually a command. AT: "Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# stand before + +This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/intro.md b/pro/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..12b525ded8 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Proverbs 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the "Wise Men." The exact identity of the men is unknown. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/01.md b/pro/23/01.md index 7a0d1d71a4..87582173cf 100644 --- a/pro/23/01.md +++ b/pro/23/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# put a knife to your throat -* An unnamed wise person continues speaking -* **put a knife to your throat** - This means that a person should exercise self-discipline or self-control in the way he eats or speaks before a ruler. He should control his speech or appetite. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **crave** - "strongly desire" See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/pro/21/09]] +Possible meanings of this exaggeration are 1) "be very careful not to eat too much" or 2) "do not eat anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do not crave + +"Do not strongly desire." See how you translated "craves" in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md). + +# delicacies + +"special and expensive food" + +# it is the food of lies + +This is an idiom. "he is giving it to you so he can deceive you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/04.md b/pro/23/04.md index 8536c63d64..68b289f0f9 100644 --- a/pro/23/04.md +++ b/pro/23/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# Do not work too hard -* **your eyes light upon the money** - AT: "you notice the money" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **suddenly it takes up wings and flies off to the sky like an eagle** - This describes how quickly money or worldly riches can disappear, out of sight, as if it has grown wings like an eagle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"Do not work so much that you are always tired" + +# light upon it + +land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off + +A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. AT: "the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wings like an eagle + +wings like an eagle's wings \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/06.md b/pro/23/06.md index d4bb845a14..9302e22547 100644 --- a/pro/23/06.md +++ b/pro/23/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# one with an evil eye -* **crave** - "strongly desire" See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/pro/21/09]] -* **You will vomit up the little you have eaten** - AT: "You will feel disgusted when you eat with a selfish person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **compliment** - something good or nice said about somebody or something +Possible meanings are 1) a stingy person, one who does not like to give things to other people, or 2) an evil person. + +# do not crave + +"do not strongly desire." See how you translated "craves" in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md). + +# delicacies + +"special and expensive food." See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](./01.md). + +# his heart is not with you + +This is an idiom. AT: "he really does not want you to enjoy the meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You will vomit up the little you have eaten + +This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. AT: "You will wish that you had not eaten anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# you will have wasted your compliments + +Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun "compliments" can be translated as a verb. AT: "he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/09.md b/pro/23/09.md index c977f06d9c..6f0f70c2ed 100644 --- a/pro/23/09.md +++ b/pro/23/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# in the hearing of a fool -* **ancient boundary stone** - very old and large stones to show the line that marks one area from another - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/pro/22/28]] -* **encroach** - slowly take or begin to use the land (or something) that belongs to someone else -* **orphans** - children whose parents are dead +The abstract noun "hearing" can be translated as a verb. AT: "where a fool can hear you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# ancient + +very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md). + +# boundary stone + +This is a large stone to show where one person's land ends and another person's land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md). + +# encroach + +This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else. + +# orphans + +children whose parents are dead + +# their Redeemer + +Yahweh + +# he will plead their case against you + +The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. AT: "he will defend the orphans against you" or "he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/12.md b/pro/23/12.md index fc5a98faa6..4fe07fe315 100644 --- a/pro/23/12.md +++ b/pro/23/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# Apply your heart to +This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). AT: "Do your best to understand and remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# instruction + +Possible meanings are 1) "what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you" or 2) "what people say and do when they correct you." + +# your ears + +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "apply your ears" or "listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to words of knowledge + +"to me when I tell you what I know" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/13.md b/pro/23/13.md index bef87bafcb..58726aae6f 100644 --- a/pro/23/13.md +++ b/pro/23/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:discipline]] +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# Do not withhold instruction from a child -* **Do not withhold discipline from a child** - AT: "Discipline a child" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +The abstract noun "instruction" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Do not neglect to instruct a child" or "Do not refuse to instruct a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# withhold + +refuse to give something that one knows another person needs + +# rod + +piece of wood + +# It is you who must beat him ... and save his soul + +"You are the one who must beat him ... and save his soul." No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child's soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him. + +# save his soul from Sheol + +If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word "soul" is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. AT: "you will keep him from the world of the dead" or "you will keep him from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/15.md b/pro/23/15.md index 16cac5ce09..a95df27eb3 100644 --- a/pro/23/15.md +++ b/pro/23/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# when your lips speak -* **when your lips speak** - "Your lips" means the whole person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"Your lips" means the whole person. AT: "when you speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/17.md b/pro/23/17.md index 21ae61773f..ef8f8358ec 100644 --- a/pro/23/17.md +++ b/pro/23/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# Do not let your heart envy sinners -* **your hope will not be cut off** - "God's will keep the promises he made to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "heart" is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "Do not allow yourself to envy sinners" or "Make sure you do not envy sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your hope will not be cut off + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope" or "God will keep the promises he made to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/19.md b/pro/23/19.md index c2b5fe0feb..a1a92ef0fb 100644 --- a/pro/23/19.md +++ b/pro/23/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# Hear—you!—my son -* **drunkard** - a person who gets drunk often -* **glutton** - a person who eats more than needed -* **slumber will clothe them with rags** - This phrase describes how sleeping too much will cause the drunkard and the glutton to become poor and end up wearing rags. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"Listen carefully, my son." The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention. + +# direct your heart in the way + +Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. AT: "make sure you do what is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# gluttonous eaters of meat + +Possible meanings are 1) "people who eat more meat than they need to" or 2) "meat" represents food in general. AT: "people who eat more food than they need to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# slumber will clothe them with rags + +The word "slumber" is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. AT: "because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/22.md b/pro/23/22.md index 1be7a0cd80..d1934f3607 100644 --- a/pro/23/22.md +++ b/pro/23/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:discipline]] +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# do not despise -* **do not despise** - "appreciate" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, discipline, and understanding** - This phrase emphasizes the importance of having truth, wisdom, self-discipline and knowledge. These virtues are to be treasured and not sold. +This can be stated positively. AT: "show respect for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding + +Another possible meaning is "Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding." The words "truth," "wisdom," "instruction," and "understanding" are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. AT: "Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/24.md b/pro/23/24.md index f290ec7187..578d586f45 100644 --- a/pro/23/24.md +++ b/pro/23/24.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him -* **The father of the one who does right will greatly rejoice ... he that begets a wise child will be glad in him ** - These two phrases are saying the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: "The father of a righteous and wise son will be glad." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Another possible meaning is that "he that begets a wise child" explains who "the father of the righteous person" is. AT: "The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him." + +# will be glad in him + +"will be glad because of him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/26.md b/pro/23/26.md index 21c8c138e0..6357835023 100644 --- a/pro/23/26.md +++ b/pro/23/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# give me your heart -* **For a prostitute is a deep pit** - AT: "Having sex with a prostitute is like falling into a dangerous trap" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **another man's wife is a narrow pit** - AT: "Having sex with another man's wife is like falling into another kind of dangerous trap" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **She lies in wait** - AT: "she stays hidden while ready to attack" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **traitor** - a person who deceives or harms someone who was trusting him +The word "heart" is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are 1) "pay careful attention" or 2) "trust me completely." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let your eyes observe + +The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "observe" or "look carefully at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# prostitute ... immoral woman + +There are two types of sexually immoral women. The "prostitute" is unmarried, "another man's wife" is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# a prostitute is a deep pit + +The word "pit" is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. AT: "sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prostitute + +Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money. + +# deep pit ... narrow well + +These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the "pit" because it is "deep" and the "well" because it is "narrow." + +# an immoral woman is a narrow well + +Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. AT: "Sleeping with another man's wife is like falling into a narrow well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# well + +a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water + +# lies in wait + +stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches + +# the treacherous + +This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. AT: "treacherous people" or "those who harm others by deceiving them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/29.md b/pro/23/29.md index db3194bef7..7fbb63b9ad 100644 --- a/pro/23/29.md +++ b/pro/23/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes? -* **Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes?** - The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **bloodshot eyes** - "eyes red, like the color of blood" -* **Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine** - This describe people who drink too much wine and answer the questions in verse 29. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. AT: "Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# bloodshot eyes + +"eyes red, like the color of blood" + +# Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine + +These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine. + +# linger over wine + +spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the mixed wine + +Possible meanings are 1) different wines mixed together or 2) other drinks that are stronger than wine. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/31.md b/pro/23/31.md index 67cbc2428e..9b2205cba0 100644 --- a/pro/23/31.md +++ b/pro/23/31.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# In the last -* **it bites like a serpent ... it stings like an adder** - The word "it" refers to "the red wine". These two phrases describe the unpleasant effects of drinking wine; it feels like the bite or sting of a dangerous snake. The comparison is repeated twice to make it emphatic. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **adder** - a type of poisonous snake -* **your heart will utter perverse things** - This means that the person who is drunk will say unusual and strange things because he is not able to think clearly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"After you drink it" + +# it bites like a serpent ... it stings like an adder + +The word "it" refers to "the wine when it is red." "Bites" and "stings" are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. AT: "it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# adder + +a type of poisonous snake + +# your heart will utter perverse things + +The "heart" represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. AT: "you will think about and decide to do perverse things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# perverse things + +things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/34.md b/pro/23/34.md index 5fcc055e66..5277f74f1d 100644 --- a/pro/23/34.md +++ b/pro/23/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person. -## translationNotes +# lies on the top of a mast -* This is the continuation of the description of a drunk person: -* **rigging** - the ropes and chains used to support the sails of a ship or boat. -* **They hit me!" you will say, "but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it.** - Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him. Yet, he feels no pain or cannot remember it because he is drunk. -* **When will I wake up?** - The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop. +The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. AT: "lies in the basket near the top of a mast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# mast + +the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship + +# They hit me, ... but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it. + +Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything. + +# When will I wake up? + +The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/intro.md b/pro/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f314baaa44 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Proverbs 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/01.md b/pro/24/01.md index 57d61dba5d..f0182ba875 100644 --- a/pro/24/01.md +++ b/pro/24/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# their hearts -* **their hearts** - "their hearts" means the whole persons (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **their lips** - "their lips" means the whole persons (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **talk of trouble** - "talk of causing harm" or "talk of creating problems" +The words "their hearts" refer to the whole person. AT: "they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# their lips + +The words "their lips" refer to the whole person. AT: "they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# talk about trouble + +"talk about causing harm" or "talk about creating problems" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/03.md b/pro/24/03.md index 0c2d0366fb..b825b1cfca 100644 --- a/pro/24/03.md +++ b/pro/24/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# Through wisdom a house is built -* **Through wisdom a house is built** - "People build a house with the help of wisdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **by understanding it is established** - "People establish a house using understanding" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **established** - made stable and strong +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "People need to be wise if they are to build a good house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by understanding it is established + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it is established + +The word "established" means made stable and strong. The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# By knowledge the rooms are filled + +The abstract noun "knowledge" can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/05.md b/pro/24/05.md index 8b075142ef..2fbb28465d 100644 --- a/pro/24/05.md +++ b/pro/24/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# warrior of wisdom -* **valiant** - boldly courageous; brave -* **you can wage your war** - "you can carry out your war" -* **advisors** - counselors +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be translated as "wise." AT: "wise warrior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a man of knowledge increases his strength + +The abstract nouns "knowledge" and "strength" can be translated as the verb "know" and the adjective "strong." AT: "a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# by wise direction + +The abstract noun "direction" can be translated as a verb. AT: "if you have wise people telling you what to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# wage + +"fight" + +# advisors + +those who tell government officials what those officials should do \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/07.md b/pro/24/07.md index 0da2662ecf..da9c8a05e4 100644 --- a/pro/24/07.md +++ b/pro/24/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# too high for a fool -* **too high for a fool** - "too difficult for a fool to understand" -* **open his mouth** - AT: "speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. "too difficult for a fool to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# open his mouth + +The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. AT: "speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/08.md b/pro/24/08.md index 8b369dbcd6..252533aea6 100644 --- a/pro/24/08.md +++ b/pro/24/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# a master of schemes -* **a master of schemes** - one who is skillful at making evil plans. AT: "a mischievous person" or "a troublemaker" +one who is skillful at making evil plans. AT: "a mischievous person" or "a troublemaker" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/10.md b/pro/24/10.md index 00e0d34159..4e367b9154 100644 --- a/pro/24/10.md +++ b/pro/24/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# your strength is small -* **show your cowardice** - "are afraid to act" +This is an idiom. AT: "you have very little strength" or "you are certainly weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/11.md b/pro/24/11.md index 1cc99542c5..8bf8d757f0 100644 --- a/pro/24/11.md +++ b/pro/24/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# those who are being taken away -* **staggering** - walking unsteadily and almost falling -* **slaughter** - violently killing -* **Does not the One who weighs the heart understand what you are saying?** - The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "The One who weighs the heart understands what you are saying." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the One who** - The writer uses this word to mean Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **weighs the heart** - "tests or evaluates motives and desires" -* **the One who guards your life, does he not know it?** - The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "the One who guards your life knows it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* ** will God not give to each one what he deserves?** - The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "God will give to each one what he deserves." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +These words can be translated in active form by using the term "they" which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. AT: "those whom they are taking away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# taken away + +Another possible meaning is "dragged away." + +# staggering + +walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away. + +# the slaughter + +The abstract noun "slaughter" can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. AT: "where people will kill them as they would kill animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If you say, "Behold, ... this," does + +The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. AT: "You may say, 'Behold, ... this,' but does" + +# Behold, we + +"Listen to us! We" or "But we" or "We have done nothing wrong, because we" + +# does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying? + +The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the one who + +The writer expects the reader to know that "the one" is Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh, who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# weighs the heart + +The word "heart" is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. AT: "knows how good what people really think and desire is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The one who guards your life, does he not know it? + +The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "The one who guards your life knows it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will God not give to each one what he deserves? + +The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "God will give to each one what he deserves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/13.md b/pro/24/13.md index ca7659bed3..a4e8b27e62 100644 --- a/pro/24/13.md +++ b/pro/24/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# your hope will not be cut off -* **your hope will not be cut off** - AT: "your hope will continue" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. AT: "no one will take your hope away" or 2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. AT: "your hope will surely continue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/15.md b/pro/24/15.md index 285e1425a6..610ae57092 100644 --- a/pro/24/15.md +++ b/pro/24/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# Do not lie in wait -* **lie in wait** - Translate as you did in [[en/bible/notes/pro/01/10]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his home** - The home of the righteous -* **the wicked are overthrown by calamity** - AT: "the wicked stumble in times of calamity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The words "lie in wait" are an idiom. Translate "lie in wait" as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/10.md). AT: "Do not hide and wait for the right time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his home + +the home of the righteous person + +# rises + +"gets back on his feet" or "stands up" + +# wicked people are brought down by calamity + +The writer speaks as if "calamity" were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# are brought down + +This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# calamity + +times when bad things happen to people and their property \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/17.md b/pro/24/17.md index fc5a98faa6..6603d66720 100644 --- a/pro/24/17.md +++ b/pro/24/17.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# your enemy falls +"something bad happens to your enemy" + +# let not your heart be glad + +This is a strong command. The word "heart" represents the person. AT: "do not allow yourself to be glad" or "stop yourself from being glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# turn away his wrath from him + +The words "turn away his wrath" are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. AT: "stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/19.md b/pro/24/19.md index 1dc552e040..5a94e76f46 100644 --- a/pro/24/19.md +++ b/pro/24/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# the lamp of wicked people will go out -* **the lamp of the wicked will go out** - The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of the wicked will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/21.md b/pro/24/21.md index 0a24e2c60b..d0d261d2d2 100644 --- a/pro/24/21.md +++ b/pro/24/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## translationNotes +# Fear -* **who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them?** - AT: "no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **both of them** - "Them" refers to both Yahweh and the king. +a deep respect and awe for a person in authority + +# who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them? + +The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. AT: "no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# both of them + +these words refer to Yahweh and the king \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/23.md b/pro/24/23.md index 263f5cac5c..e0b8bc495b 100644 --- a/pro/24/23.md +++ b/pro/24/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# These also are sayings of the wise +This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs. -## translationNotes +# a case at law -* **These also are sayings of the wise** - This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs. +a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/24.md b/pro/24/24.md index f476ca4027..4455753fa5 100644 --- a/pro/24/24.md +++ b/pro/24/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever says to the wicked person, ... will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations +The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, ... , and the people of other nations will hate him" -## translationNotes +# the wicked person ... a righteous person -* **will have delight** - AT: "will be very happy" -* **gifts of goodness** - AT: "good things" or "blessings" +Possible meanings are 1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or 2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. AT: "a person guilty of a crime ... innocent" + +# will have delight + +"will be very happy" + +# gifts of goodness will come to them + +Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun "goodness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "people will give them good gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# gifts of goodness + +"good things" or "blessings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/26.md b/pro/24/26.md index a176deb37b..be994f0fa6 100644 --- a/pro/24/26.md +++ b/pro/24/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# gives a kiss on the lips - -## translationNotes - -* **gives a kiss on the lips** - A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. AT: "shows true friendship" +A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. AT: "shows true friendship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/28.md b/pro/24/28.md index 45a2c8a77a..a1ce694000 100644 --- a/pro/24/28.md +++ b/pro/24/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# with your lips +The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. AT: "by what you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# pay him back -* **with your lips** - "Lips" means the person who is speaking. AT: "by what you say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **pay him back** - AT: "take revenge against him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom. "take revenge against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/30.md b/pro/24/30.md index afe1f5c7fa..deccc7dea2 100644 --- a/pro/24/30.md +++ b/pro/24/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Thorns +useless plants with sharp spines -## translationNotes +# nettles -* **thorns** - plants with sharp spines -* **nettles** - plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs +plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs + +# was broken down + +"had fallen down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/32.md b/pro/24/32.md index 54689b6f54..e51f50cfc1 100644 --- a/pro/24/32.md +++ b/pro/24/32.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# received instruction +"learned a lesson" -## translationNotes +# A little sleep ... to rest—and poverty comes -* **and poverty comes upon you like a robber, and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier** - The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **poverty comes upon you like a robber** - Poverty is compared to a robber who steals from you. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **your needs will come to you like an armed soldier** - Your needs are compared to an armed soldier, or an armed robber who comes upon you. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +You may need to fill in the omitted words. AT: "You may say to yourself, 'A little sleep ... to rest'—but then poverty will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# poverty comes marching upon you + +Some translations read, "poverty comes upon you like a robber." Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# your needs like an armed soldier + +Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. AT: "your needs will come to you like an armed soldier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/intro.md b/pro/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d71a30d1fe --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Proverbs 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs. + +The second half of this chapter finishes the section. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Lazy man story ##### + +Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb. + +##### Themes ##### +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/01.md b/pro/25/01.md index afd7611a05..bf729a235d 100644 --- a/pro/25/01.md +++ b/pro/25/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to conceal a matter -* [[en:tw:earth]] +"to keep some things secret" -## translationNotes +# but the glory -* **to conceal a matter** - "to keep something secret" -* **Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, -* AT: "Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "but it is the glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# search it out + +"search that matter out" or "search for those things that God has concealed" + +# Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable + +The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. AT: "Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# heavens + +This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/04.md b/pro/25/04.md index 721dc93877..44819633db 100644 --- a/pro/25/04.md +++ b/pro/25/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# dross +the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal -## translationNotes +# his throne will be established by doing -* **dross** - the unwanted material in a metal that is removed by heating the metal -* **his throne will be established** - "the king will establish his throne" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "the king will establish his throne by doing" or "he will have the power to rule because he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/06.md b/pro/25/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6bceab03e5..0000000000 --- a/pro/25/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - - -## translationNotes - -* **designated for the great** - Here "the great" refers to the king. AT: "reserved for the king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) diff --git a/pro/25/07.md b/pro/25/07.md index e57a8b23b8..a7c45af748 100644 --- a/pro/25/07.md +++ b/pro/25/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It is better for him to say to you, "Come up here," than -* [[en:tw:humiliate]] +Here "up" means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. AT: "It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# before a nobleman -* **than for you to be humiliated** - "than for him to humiliate you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in the presence of a noble** - "in front of a nobleman" -* **For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame?** - This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that they may have misunderstood the situation. AT: "For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame." Or "For if your neighbor has an explanation, you will be put to shame." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"in front of a nobleman" + +# For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame? + +This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. AT: "For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame." or "For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/09.md b/pro/25/09.md index 6d6e1bfded..6a3a4004df 100644 --- a/pro/25/09.md +++ b/pro/25/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# your case +"your disagreement" -## translationNotes +# do not disclose another's secret -* **your case** - "your disagreement" -* **do not disclose another's secret** - AT: "do not share your neighbor's secrets with other people" -* **lest the one who hears you brings shame upon you** - AT: "for the person who hears you may cause you to be ashamed" +"do not share your neighbor's secret with other people" + +# an evil report about you that cannot be silenced + +Here "evil report" refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase "cannot be silenced" can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you" or "he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/11.md b/pro/25/11.md index 7d49f90038..1ca62f1591 100644 --- a/pro/25/11.md +++ b/pro/25/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation +The goodness of "a word spoken at the right time" is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of "apples of gold in settings of silver." Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. AT: "A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Apples of gold in settings of silver -* **listening ear** - "person who is willing to listen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Speaking a well-chosen word, is like patterns of gold ...** - chosen word, is like patterns of gold ...** - These two things are being compared because they both are pleasant. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Like a gold ring or jewelry ... is a wise rebuke ...** - These two things are being compared because they are both cherished and priceless. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are 1) "apples" should be translated as "design." AT: "a golden design carved into a silver bowl" or 2) "apples" refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. AT: "Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl" + +# is a word spoken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "is a message that someone speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear + +The value and importance of "a wise rebuke" is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. AT: "A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# listening ear + +The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "person who is willing to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/13.md b/pro/25/13.md index 70ebcafeff..2929974d2b 100644 --- a/pro/25/13.md +++ b/pro/25/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Like the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messenger -* [[en:tw:time]] +Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# the cold of snow -* **Like the cold of snow at harvest time ... is a faithful messenger ...** - Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **snow** - white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain -* **the soul of his masters** - "his master's soul" -* **Like clouds and wind ... is the one who boasts about a gift ...** - Here the clouds and wind are being compared to the person who boasts, because both boast of something and give nothing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider "cool, fresh, clean water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# snow + +white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain + +# brings back the life of his masters + +This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again. + +# Clouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts ... not give + +Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. AT: "The one who boasts ... not give is like clouds and wind without rain" or "The one who boasts ... not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/15.md b/pro/25/15.md index a8e42e2f4c..dc175089f6 100644 --- a/pro/25/15.md +++ b/pro/25/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# With patience a ruler can be persuaded +These words can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler" or "Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a soft tongue can break a bone -* **With patience a ruler can be persuaded** - AT: "With patience, someone can persuade a ruler" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a soft tongue can break a bone** - AT: "Gentle speech can overcome strong opposition." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "tongue" is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word "bone" is a metaphor for strong opposition. AT: "gentle speech can overcome strong opposition" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/16.md b/pro/25/16.md index fd4188b745..14bc76ada4 100644 --- a/pro/25/16.md +++ b/pro/25/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:honey]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/18.md b/pro/25/18.md index 3d5da9759d..2a0e3200e1 100644 --- a/pro/25/18.md +++ b/pro/25/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips -* **A man who bears false witness against his neighbor -* A false witness is compared to three weapons that can kill people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips.** - AT: Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. AT: "Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/20.md b/pro/25/20.md index d4716ee4a2..27b8052cd4 100644 --- a/pro/25/20.md +++ b/pro/25/20.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# carbonate of soda +This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as "a wound." -## translationNotes +# sings songs -* **a heavy heart** - AT: "a sad person: (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. AT: "sings happy songs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a heavy heart + +The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "a sad person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/21.md b/pro/25/21.md index 82d5c906f5..2e29d20ee9 100644 --- a/pro/25/21.md +++ b/pro/25/21.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# shovel coals of fire on his head - -## translationNotes - -* **shovel coals of fire on his head** - This means to cause shame or regret from a guilty conscience. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/23.md b/pro/25/23.md index 8c58a66f96..1f43016836 100644 --- a/pro/25/23.md +++ b/pro/25/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the north wind +In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, "a cold wind." -## translationNotes +# a tongue that tells secrets -* **the north wind** - In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, "a cold wind." -* **someone who tells secrets** - Some versions read, "Someone who is angry." -* **makes faces angry** - AT: "makes other people angry." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a corner of the housetop** - This refers to the edge of the house's roof. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house. +Some versions read "someone who tells secrets." + +# result in angry faces + +The face is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a corner of the roof + +Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a quarreling wife + +a wife who often argues or complains \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/25.md b/pro/25/25.md index dc990a82a9..f8b7d32979 100644 --- a/pro/25/25.md +++ b/pro/25/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country +Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people -* **Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, -* Cold water is compared to good news that are both refreshing and delightful (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a good man who totters before the wicked** - One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# tottering before wicked people + +Tottering is a metaphor for either 1) refusing to fight wicked people or 2) joining in their wickedness. AT: "who allows wicked people to do wickedness" or "who starts to do what wicked people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tottering + +This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. AT: "unable to stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before wicked people + +Possible meanings are 1) "when wicked people attack him" or 2) "when wicked people urge him to do evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/27.md b/pro/25/27.md index 33bf3dce00..067fb972ac 100644 --- a/pro/25/27.md +++ b/pro/25/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. +Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# It is not good -* **It is not good to eat too much honey, that is like searching for honor upon honor.** - Eating too much honey is compared to searching for more honor. Neither is good in excess. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls.** - control is like a city breached and without walls.** - A person without self-control is compared to a city without walls. Both are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be stated positively. AT: "It is a bad thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# that is like searching for honor after honor + +"that is like always thinking about how others should honor you." The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as "that is like speaking too many compliments to people." + +# A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls. + +Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# breached and without walls + +"whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/intro.md b/pro/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67144178ca --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/01.md b/pro/26/01.md index 00de4d11d8..770fbdac6e 100644 --- a/pro/26/01.md +++ b/pro/26/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Like snow in summer or rain in harvest -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:harvest|harvest]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] +Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# so an undeserved curse does not alight -* **Like snow in summer or rain in harvest, so a fool does not deserve honor** - AT: "so honor is not fitting for a fool" Honor is out of place for a fool, like the untimely arrival of snow and rain are out of place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **so an undeserved curse does not alight ** - AT: "so a causeless curse does not have power" +A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. AT: "so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# an undeserved curse + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "a curse on a person who does not deserve it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# alight + +land on someone or something \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/03.md b/pro/26/03.md index d0ad3f35ea..3955870576 100644 --- a/pro/26/03.md +++ b/pro/26/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey and a rod is for the back of fools -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] +A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want. -## translationNotes +# a bridle is for the donkey -* **A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey, and a rod is for the back of fools** - Fools must be disciplined by force like a horse or a donkey. Please refer to [[en/bible/notes/pro/10/12]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Do not answer a fool and join in on his folly** - AT: "Answer not a fool according to his folly" +A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkey's head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go. + +# a rod is for the back of fools + +In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/05.md b/pro/26/05.md index f06f9a8ed2..91c6dbc55b 100644 --- a/pro/26/05.md +++ b/pro/26/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Answer a fool and join in on his folly -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Joining in on a fool's folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. AT: "Answer a fool according to his folly" or "Answer a fool foolishly" -## translationNotes +# so he will not become wise in his own eyes -* **Answer a fool and join in on his folly** - AT: "Answer a fool according to his folly" -* **so he will not become wise in his own eyes** - AT: "so he will not think he is wise" -* **Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool cuts off his own feet and drinks violence** - AT: "a person who sends a fool to deliver a message for him will cause harm to himself" -* **cuts off his own feet** - Trusting a fool with a message is as ridiculous as cutting off his own feet. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **drinks violence** - Sending a message by a fool is compared to taking in what will damage. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "so that he will not become wise according to his judgement" or "so that he does not consider himself to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool + +Here the hand represents the fool's responsibility to deliver the message. AT: "Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cuts off his own feet + +Cutting off one's own feet is an exaggeration for harming one's self. AT: "harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# drinks violence + +Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. AT: "harms himself by being violent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/07.md b/pro/26/07.md index 0350cba8b7..19cd3025df 100644 --- a/pro/26/07.md +++ b/pro/26/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Like the legs ... is a proverb in the mouth of fools -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:proverb|proverb]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +The phrases can be reordered. AT: "A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down" or "A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# a paralytic -* **paralytic ** - a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body -* **Tying a stone in a sling is the same as giving honor to a fool** - Tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown at a target is as foolish as honoring a foolish person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body + +# in the mouth of fools + +Here "mouth" is a metonym for speaking. AT: "in the speech of fools" or "that fools say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tying a stone in a sling + +In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. AT: "tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# giving honor to a fool + +"honoring a fool" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/09.md b/pro/26/09.md index f9d440bf7d..b2f5a82405 100644 --- a/pro/26/09.md +++ b/pro/26/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Like a thorn ... is a proverb in the mouth of fools -* [[en:tw:archer]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] +How the two are alike can be stated clearly. AT: "A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard -* **A thornbush held in the hand of a drunk** - A drunk cannot control his motions, so will injure himself and others when he holds a thornbush. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **is like a proverb in the mouth of a fool** - The writer compares the danger a drunk person with a thornbush can be to the proverb a fool will use wrongly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a proverb in the mouth of fools** - Translate as you did in [[en/bible/notes/pro/26/07]]. -* **hires** - "pays to do a job" +Possible meanings are 1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or 2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word "thorn" represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in the mouth of fools + +Here "mouth" is a metonym for speaking. AT: "in the speech of fools" or "that fools say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hires a fool + +"gives a job to a fool" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/11.md b/pro/26/11.md index 8a3bd2221b..655b23d034 100644 --- a/pro/26/11.md +++ b/pro/26/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# As a dog returns to his own vomit -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] +"As a dog eats its own vomit" -## translationNotes +# Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes? -* **Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes?** - AT: "Consider the person who thinks he is wise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase "is wise in his own eyes" means "thinks he is wise," and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. AT: "Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is more hope for a fool than for him + +"A fool can become wise more easily than he can" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/13.md b/pro/26/13.md index 1f92819d66..e57ea6062f 100644 --- a/pro/26/13.md +++ b/pro/26/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The lazy person says, "There is a lion ... between the open places!" -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places. -## translationNotes +# There is a lion on the road -* **There is a lion on the road!** - See how you translated this in Proverbs [[en/bible/notes/pro/22/13]]. -* **hinges** - metal pieces that attach a door to something and allows it to open and close -* **As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed** - The lazy person turning back and forth on his bed is compared to a door turning on its hinges. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md). + +# the open places + +This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. AT: "the town plazas" or "the streets" + +# hinges + +metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close + +# As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed + +Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/15.md b/pro/26/15.md index 99fc05a876..589d93c906 100644 --- a/pro/26/15.md +++ b/pro/26/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# puts his hand into the dish -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +"puts his hand into the dish to get food" or "reaches for food" -## translationNotes +# he has no strength to lift it up to his mouth -* **The lazy one puts his hand into the dish and yet he has no strength to lift it up to his mouth ** - The extreme laziness of the person is shown by his putting his hand into the dish for food and then just leaving it there. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) The first part of the sentence is equivalent to Proverbs [[en/bible/notes/pro/19/23]] -* **The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men with discernment ** - AT: "The lazy person thinks he is wiser than 7 men who can give a reason" +This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men with discernment + +The phrase "his own eyes" represents his thoughts. AT: "The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men who can respond sensibly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/17.md b/pro/26/17.md index 5a8cb7dc2c..90a1562fd6 100644 --- a/pro/26/17.md +++ b/pro/26/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog, is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own -* [[en:tw:angry]] +This can be reordered. AT: "A passerby who becomes angry at some other people's dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dog's ears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog -* **Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own** - A person who becomes angry at someone else's dispute causes himself needless hurt, like the person who pulls the ears of a dog. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. AT: "Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears" or "Like a person who grabs a dog's ears and is bitten by the dog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own + +The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/18.md b/pro/26/18.md index 2c57a041ef..704ad68514 100644 --- a/pro/26/18.md +++ b/pro/26/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Like a madman ... is the one who deceives ... telling a joke?" -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] +Both the madman and the deceiver hurt people but do not take responsibility for it. -## translationNotes +# Was I not telling a joke? -* **Was I not telling a joke?** - The madman claims that his actions were only for fun, despite the potential harm they caused. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. AT: "I was only telling a joke." or "Do not blame me. I was only telling a joke." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/20.md b/pro/26/20.md index c4c6286d7d..d206c6a355 100644 --- a/pro/26/20.md +++ b/pro/26/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# gossiper -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gossip]] -* [[en:tw:gossip|gossip]] -* [[en:tw:strife]] +a person who gossips a lot -## translationNotes +# As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire -* **As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire, so is a quarrelsome person for kindling strife** - AT: "A quarrelsome person causes people to argue the same way charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. AT: "As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# kindling strife + +To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. AT: "causing people to fight" or "causing people to argue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/22.md b/pro/26/22.md index 8f9358c134..3d5b2b5467 100644 --- a/pro/26/22.md +++ b/pro/26/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. AT: "The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# they go down into the inner parts of the body -* **they go down to the inner parts of the body ** - Words of gossip go down into the deepest part of a person. This sentence is equivalent to Proverbs [[en/bible/notes/pro/18/07]]. -* **The glaze overlaying an earthen vessel is like burning lips and an evil heart** - AT: "People who say nice things while thinking about doing evil things are like a nice glaze covering a container made of earth or clay" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a person's mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to [Proverbs 18:8](../18/07.md). AT: "and they enter a person's mind and affect his thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Like the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel so are burning lips and an evil heart + +This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. AT: "People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel + +"the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot." A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive. + +# so are burning lips and an evil heart + +This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. AT: "so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart" or "so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# burning lips + +The word "burning" is a metaphor for "strongly emotional" and the word "lips" is a metonym for "speech." AT: "emotional speech" or "saying nice things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an evil heart + +The heart represents a person's thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. AT: "evil thoughts" or "evil desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/24.md b/pro/26/24.md index 7f34ce34b9..35b839238a 100644 --- a/pro/26/24.md +++ b/pro/26/24.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# disguises his feelings with his lips -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase "his lips" is a metonym for what he says. AT: "hides his feelings with what he says" or "speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# he lays up deceit within himself -* **for there are seven abominations in his heart** - AT: "for his heart is completely filled with evil thoughts and plans" The number "7" means completeness in this case. -* **Though his hatred is covered with deception** - AT: "though deception covers his hatred" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his wickedness will be exposed in public meetings** - AT: "the community of Israel will discover his wickedness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that "deceit" refers to lies. AT: "he likes his many lies" or 2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. AT: "he secretly plans to harm people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but do not believe him + +"but do not believe what he says" + +# for there are seven abominations in his heart + +The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are 1) "abominations" refers to attitudes that God hates. AT: "for his heart is completely filled with hateful things" or 2) "abominations" refers to his hatred for people. AT: "for his heart is completely filled with hatred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Though his hatred is covered with deception + +This can be stated actively. AT: "Though deception covers his hatred" or "Though he covers his hatred with deception" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Though his hatred is covered with deception + +Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. AT: "Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them" or "Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly + +Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. AT: "his wickedness will become known in the assembly" or "the assembly will discover his wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the assembly + +"the community of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/27.md b/pro/26/27.md index 35e8b615de..a2b8b299c7 100644 --- a/pro/26/27.md +++ b/pro/26/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever digs a pit will fall into it -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. AT: "Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it" or "If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it -* **A lying tongue hates the people it crushes** - AT: "A liar hates those he hurts by his lies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **flattering** - praising someone in a manner that is not sincere +It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. AT: "if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead" or "if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# A lying tongue hates the people it crushes + +The phrase "a lying tongue" represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. AT: "A liar hates those he hurts by his lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a flattering mouth brings about ruin + +The phrase "a flattering mouth" represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are 1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or 2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# flattering + +praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/intro.md b/pro/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a34200535 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/01.md b/pro/27/01.md index 93eefb46f8..6680325023 100644 --- a/pro/27/01.md +++ b/pro/27/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not boast about tomorrow -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:boast|boast, boastful]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] +This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# what a day may bring -* **Let someone else praise you ... a stranger and not your own lips** - These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that it is better for praise to come from others and not from yourself. AT: "let someone else praise you and not your own mouth; let a stranger praise you and not your own lips." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **your own mouth ... your own lips** - These two phrases refer to the "mouth" and "lips" as speaking because that is the part of the body you speak with. AT: See UDB. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. AT: "what will happen on a day" or "what will happen tomorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your own mouth ... your own lips + +Here a person is represented by his "mouth" and "lips" becuase those are the parts of the body used to speak. AT: "yourself ... yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a stranger and not your own lips + +The missing words can be supplied from the phrase before this. AT: "let a stranger praise you and not your own lips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/03.md b/pro/27/03.md index 65478eb4e8..c8de39ed94 100644 --- a/pro/27/03.md +++ b/pro/27/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the provocation of a fool is heavier than both -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous, jealousy]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] +The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. AT: "the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them" or "It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the provocation of a fool -* **provocation** - actions or words that cause others to become angry -* **cruelty** - "harshness" -* **but who is able to stand before jealousy?** - AT: "no one is able to keep from being harmed by a jealous person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). +"the trouble caused by a fool." "Provocation" means actions or words that cause anger or irritation. + +# There is the cruelty of rage and the flood of anger, but who is able to stand before jealousy? + +The abstract nouns "rage", "anger" and "jealousy" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# cruelty + +"harshness" + +# the flood of anger + +"the destructiveness of anger." Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but who is able to stand before jealousy? + +This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. AT: "but no one is able to stand before jealousy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +# to stand before jealousy + +Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. AT: "to resist a jealous person" or "to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/05.md b/pro/27/05.md index 43a84aa07c..b9f360794d 100644 --- a/pro/27/05.md +++ b/pro/27/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Better is an open rebuke -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] +The abstract noun "rebuke" can be expressed with the verb "rebuke." AT: "It is better to be openly rebuked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# than hidden love -* **Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend** - AT: "The wounds from a friend are trustworthy" -* **the wounds caused by a friend** - The word "wounds" refers to the pain caused by rebuke or correction. AT: "the wounds caused by a friend's rebuke" or "the wounds of a friend's correction" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **profusely** - "abundantly" or "too much" +"than love that is not openly shown." The abstract noun "love" can be translated as a verbal phrase. AT: "than to be loved secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend + +"The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy." The word "wounds" here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend + +The trustworthiness of a friend's rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. AT: "Though it causes sadness, a friend's rebuke is trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but an enemy may kiss you profusely + +It can be stated clearly that the enemy's kisses are not trustworthy. AT: "but the enemy's many kisses are not trustworthy" or "but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# profusely + +"abundantly" or "too much" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/07.md b/pro/27/07.md index 2bd86a3a2f..0279b32ec9 100644 --- a/pro/27/07.md +++ b/pro/27/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A person who has eaten to the full -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:honey|honey, honeycomb]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +"A person who is satisfied" or "A person who has eaten enough to be full" -## translationNotes +# rejects even a honeycomb -* **rejects even a honeycomb** - A honeycomb is sweet to the taste, but anyone who has eaten well might still not want to eat it. +A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied. + +# every bitter thing is sweet + +"everything that is bitter tastes sweet" + +# Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives + +The words "wanders" and "strays" mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/09.md b/pro/27/09.md index eeade84549..78a9c2b2e0 100644 --- a/pro/27/09.md +++ b/pro/27/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Perfume -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] +The word "perfume" here means a desirable oil or ointment. -## translationNotes +# make the heart rejoice -* **calamity** - extreme troubles and misfortune -* **the sweetness** - AT: "the sweet behavior" +Here "the heart" represents the feelings or emotions of a person. AT: "make a person feel joyful" or "make a person glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel + +Possible meanings are 1) "sweetness" represents kindness. AT: "we recognize our friend's kindness by his counsel" or 2) "sweetness" represents what we appreciate about a person. AT: "what we appreciate about a friend is his advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your brother's house + +Here the word "brother" is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group. + +# calamity + +extreme troubles and misfortune \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/11.md b/pro/27/11.md index 34f9efd9c9..ca27fff4e6 100644 --- a/pro/27/11.md +++ b/pro/27/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# make my heart rejoice -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:prudent]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Here the "heart" represents the person's feelings or emotions. AT: "make me feel joyful" or "make me glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# then I will give back an answer to the one who mocks me -* **prudent** - See how you translated this word in 22:3. -* **push ahead** - “pass through” AT: “keep going” +Here "answer" does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT "then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# mocks + +makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way + +# A prudent man sees trouble and hides himself, but the naive people go on and suffer because of it + +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 22:3](../22/03.md). + +# A prudent man + +"A man who is wise" or "A man who has good sense" + +# the naive people + +"the inexperienced and immature people" + +# suffer + +experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/13.md b/pro/27/13.md index f75f13786d..0a533ede8a 100644 --- a/pro/27/13.md +++ b/pro/27/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:adultery|adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/15.md). AT: "Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# who has put up security -* **if he puts up security for an adulteress** - See how you translated this same sentence is found in [[en/bible/notes/pro/20/15]]. +This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/15.md). AT: "who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back" or "who has promised to pay a loan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# hold it in pledge + +To "hold something in pledge" means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/15.md). AT: "hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Whoever gives his neighbor a blessing + +"If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing" + +# that blessing will be considered to be a curse + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/15.md b/pro/27/15.md index d08d79dc0f..9b1627aa60 100644 --- a/pro/27/15.md +++ b/pro/27/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# quarreling -* [[en:tw:oil]] +This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people. -## translationNotes +# the constant dripping -* **quarreling** - "arguing" or "disagreeing" -* **restraining the wind** - AT: "keeping the wind under control" +The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. AT: "the constant dripping of rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a rainy day + +"a day of continual rain" + +# restraining her is like restraining the wind, or trying to catch oil in your right hand + +The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# restraining her + +"holding her back" or "keeping her under control." The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. AT: "restraining her from quarreling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# restraining the wind + +"holding back the wind" or "keeping the wind under control" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/17.md b/pro/27/17.md index b30923b9d1..a24fefc908 100644 --- a/pro/27/17.md +++ b/pro/27/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend. -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fig|fig]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] +These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. AT: "As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a man's character is improved by contact with his friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# tends -* **Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend.** - These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. AT: "As iron becomes better when it is sharpened by another piece of iron, so a man becomes better when he is made better by his friend" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"takes care of" + +# the one who protects his master will be honored + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a master will honor the one who protects him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/19.md b/pro/27/19.md index 5189ead177..67ebf8fd95 100644 --- a/pro/27/19.md +++ b/pro/27/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a person's heart -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hades|hades, sheol]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] +Here this means a person's thoughts. AT: "what a person thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Abaddon -* **Abaddon** - This is a name. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) AT: "the Destroyer" -* **a man's eyes are never satisfied** - This refers the lust a man has for what he sees. AT: "the lust of a man's eyes" or "the desires of a man's eyes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is a name that means "destroyer." AT: "the Destroyer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# satisfied + +"filled up" + +# a man's eyes + +Here the "eyes" represent a man's desires. AT: "a man's desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/21.md b/pro/27/21.md index 2e3c0ad430..da2b8e693e 100644 --- a/pro/27/21.md +++ b/pro/27/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:furnace]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:test|test]] +This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). AT: "A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# crucible -* **crucible** - a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures -* **Even if you crush a fool ... yet his foolishness will not leave him** - This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **pestle** - a tool for grinding materials in a mortar +a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# furnace + +an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a person is tested when he is praised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when one praises a person, they are also testing that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Even if you crush a fool ... yet his foolishness will not leave him + +This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pestle + +a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/23.md b/pro/27/23.md index e61063b0b2..ad876aec19 100644 --- a/pro/27/23.md +++ b/pro/27/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Be sure you know the condition of your flocks and be concerned about your herds -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# flocks -* **Be sure you know the condition of your flocks, and be concerned about your herds** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Does a crown endure for all generations?** - AT: "A crown does not last for all generations." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a crown** - This refers to a king's rule over his kingdom. AT: "a king's rule" ([[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the new growth appears** - "the new sprouts appear" or "the new grass starts to grow" +"flocks of sheep" + +# herds + +"herds of goats" + +# Does a crown endure for all generations? + +This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "A crown does not endure for all generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a crown + +Here "crown" is a metonym for a king's rule over his kingdom. AT: "a king's rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the new growth appears + +"the new sprouts appear" or "the new grass starts to grow" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/26.md b/pro/27/26.md index ae77960527..e4904179a3 100644 --- a/pro/27/26.md +++ b/pro/27/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:household|household]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Verses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb. -## translationNotes +# Those lambs will provide your clothing -* **The lambs will provide your clothing** - AT: "The lambs skin and wool will provide you with clothing" -* **the goats will provide the price of the field** - AT: "selling your goats will provide the price of the field" -* **and nourishment for your servant girls** - AT: "there will be goat's milk to nourish your servant girls" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. AT: "The lambs' wool will provide you with clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the goats will provide the price of the field + +The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. AT: "selling your goats will provide the price of the field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for your household + +"for your whole family" + +# nourishment for your servant girls + +The implied information is that there will also be enough goats' milk to feed the servant girls. AT: "there will be goat's milk to nourish your servant girls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nourishment + +"food" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/intro.md b/pro/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ce11b69758 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/01.md b/pro/28/01.md index 418a7dff09..cca7d688f9 100644 --- a/pro/28/01.md +++ b/pro/28/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Because of the transgression of a land +The abstract noun "transgression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Because of how a land transgresses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the transgression of a land -* **as bold as a young lion** - AT: "as fearless as a young lion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. AT: "the transgression of the people of a land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with a man of understanding and knowledge + +The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns "understanding" and "knowledge" can be translated as verbs. AT: "with a man who understands and knows how to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/03.md b/pro/28/03.md index 17e0fbde89..3311001629 100644 --- a/pro/28/03.md +++ b/pro/28/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# oppresses +"severely mistreats" -## translationNotes +# like a beating rain that leaves no food -* **like a beating rain that leaves no food** - AT: "like a rain that falls so hard it leaves no crop to harvest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# beating rain + +This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. AT: "damaging rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# forsake the law + +"forsake God's law" + +# those who keep the law + +To "keep the law" means to do what God's law requires. AT: "those who obey God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fight against them + +"struggle against them." This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/05.md b/pro/28/05.md index 5df386a05b..fed95ba92b 100644 --- a/pro/28/05.md +++ b/pro/28/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Evil men -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] +Here "men" means people in general. AT: "People who do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## translationNotes +# do not understand justice -* **Evil men** - People who do evil things -* **understand everything** - "understand what is just" -* **who is crooked in his ways** - "who is not honest in what he does" +The abstract noun "justice" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "do not understand what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# those who seek Yahweh + +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# understand everything + +The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. AT: "completely understand what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is better for a poor person ... than for a rich person + +"It is better to be a poor person ... than it is to be a rich person" + +# walks in his integrity + +This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun "integrity" can be expressed as an adverb. AT: "walks honestly" or "lives honestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who is crooked in his ways + +Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. AT: "who is not honest in what he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/07.md b/pro/28/07.md index b94a294ec7..1e5ffef078 100644 --- a/pro/28/07.md +++ b/pro/28/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# He who keeps the law +To "keep the law" means to do what God's law requires. AT: "He who obeys God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a son who has understanding -* **interest** - money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else's money -* **pity** - a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone +The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "a son who understands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# gluttons + +"people who eat too much." A "glutton" is a person who often eats and drinks excessively. + +# shames his father + +"puts his father to shame" or "dishonors his father" + +# makes his fortune + +"increases his wealth" + +# charging too much interest + +"charging extra money to borrow" + +# interest + +money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else's money + +# gathers his wealth + +"brings his wealth together" + +# for another + +"for another person" + +# pity + +a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/09.md b/pro/28/09.md index 12e2b501dc..7aaf188104 100644 --- a/pro/28/09.md +++ b/pro/28/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# If one -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] +"If a person" -## translationNotes +# turns away his ear from hearing the law -* **turns away his ear from hearing** - AT: "does not listen" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his prayer is detestable** - "his prayer is offensive to God" -* **detestable** - See how you translated this word in [[:en/bible/notes/pro/03:31]]. -* **Whoever misleads the upright into an evil way** - "Any person who causes the upright to do what is evil" -* **the upright** - See how you translated this word in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:31]]. +This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God's law. AT: "turns away from hearing and obeying the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# even his prayer is detestable + +"even his prayer is offensive to God." This can be written in active form. AT: "God detests even his prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# detestable + +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/31.md). + +# Whoever misleads the upright into an evil way + +This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. AT: "Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whoever misleads ... evil way will fall + +"If anyone misleads ... evil way, he will fall" + +# the upright + +This refers to upright persons in general. AT: "upright persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# will fall into his own pit + +"will fall into the trap that he has dug." This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. AT: "will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blameless + +This refers to blameless persons in general. AT: "blameless persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# will have a good inheritance + +"will inherit what is good" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/11.md b/pro/28/11.md index b5911def79..89b9e86968 100644 --- a/pro/28/11.md +++ b/pro/28/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# be wise in his own eyes +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "be wise in his own thoughts" or "think he is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# who has understanding -* **will find him out** - AT: "will see his true nature" +The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "who understands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will find him out + +This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. AT: "will see his true nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# When the righteous triumph + +"When righteous people succeed" + +# when the wicked arise + +This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. AT: "when the wicked rise to power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people in general. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# people are sought out + +You may need to make explicit that those who "are sought out" have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they seek people out" or "they seek out the people who hide from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/13.md b/pro/28/13.md index 9c211dee28..d402a50a7a 100644 --- a/pro/28/13.md +++ b/pro/28/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# hides his sins -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"covers his sins." This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# prosper -* **prosper** - become very successful -* **will be shown mercy** - AT: "God will show him mercy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"succeed" or "advance" + +# the one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercy + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The one who always lives with reverence is blessed + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "God will bless the one who always lives with reverence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lives with reverence + +The abstract noun "reverence" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "lives a reverent life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# reverence + +This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him. + +# whoever hardens his heart + +"the one who hardens his heart" + +# hardens his heart + +This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. AT: "refuses to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will fall into trouble + +This represents ending up in misery and distress. AT: "will end up in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/15.md b/pro/28/15.md index 8b13ecd799..a0ace2a854 100644 --- a/pro/28/15.md +++ b/pro/28/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people +Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# a charging bear -* **Like a roaring lion or a charging bear, is a wicked ruler over a poor people** - an evil person who rules over needy people is like a lion roaring or a bear attacking them (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# The ruler who lacks understanding + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be translated as a verb. AT: "The ruler who does not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# oppressor + +a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult + +# the one who hates dishonesty + +The abstract noun "dishonesty" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the one who hates being dishonest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# prolong his days + +Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. AT: "live longer" or 2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. AT: "rule for a longer time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/17.md b/pro/28/17.md index e9e1ebaf43..7f3671ca98 100644 --- a/pro/28/17.md +++ b/pro/28/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# he has shed someone's blood +Here "blood" represents a person's life. To "shed blood" means to murder someone. AT: "he has killed someone" or "he has murdered someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# fugitive -* **he has shed someone's blood** - "he has killed another" or "he has murdered another" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **fugitive** - a person who is running away to avoid being captured -* **will be kept safe** - AT: "God will keep him safe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +a person who is running away to avoid being captured + +# until death + +"until he dies." This means for the rest of his life. AT: "all of his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Whoever walks with integrity will be kept safe + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whoever + +"Anyone who" + +# walks with integrity + +This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun "integrity" can be expressed as an adverb. AT: "walks honestly" or "lives honestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the one whose way is crooked + +A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. AT: "the one who does not live honestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will suddenly fall + +What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. AT: "will suddenly be ruined" or "will suddenly perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/19.md b/pro/28/19.md index 25ba6d508c..c7871521c5 100644 --- a/pro/28/19.md +++ b/pro/28/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# works his land -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +This means to till, sow, and care for his crops. -## translationNotes +# whoever -* **will not go unpunished** - AT: "will be punished" or "God will punish him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"anyone who" + +# follows worthless pursuits + +"chases after worthless projects." The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will have plenty of poverty + +The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. The abstract noun "poverty" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "will be very poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunished + +The double negative "will not go unpunished" is used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one who gets rich quickly + +The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. AT: "the one who tries to get rich quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/21.md b/pro/28/21.md index 8766389191..64f4e9ea5d 100644 --- a/pro/28/21.md +++ b/pro/28/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# for a piece of bread a man will do wrong +"A piece of bread" is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. AT: "a man will sin for very little gain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# do wrong -* **for a piece of bread a man will do wrong** - AT: "a man will sin for very little gain" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **A stingy man** - a person who does not like to share his possessions -* **hurries after riches** - is greedy for riches. +"sin" + +# A stingy man + +"A selfish man." This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money. + +# hurries after riches + +The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. AT: "is greedy for riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# poverty will come upon him + +The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. The abstract noun "poverty" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "he will suddenly become poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/23.md b/pro/28/23.md index ea2b9f434b..15383dd33a 100644 --- a/pro/28/23.md +++ b/pro/28/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue +This can be stated in active form, with the abstract noun "favor" being expressed as a verb. AT: "A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Whoever disciplines -* **flatters him with his tongue** - AT: "praises him with words that are not sincere" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the one who destroys** - the person who causes destruction or damage +"If a person disciplines" + +# disciplines + +trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior + +# flatters him with his tongue + +The tongue here represents speaking. AT: "flatters him with words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flatters + +praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true + +# Whoever robs + +"The one who robs" + +# says, "That is no sin," + +This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. AT: "says that it is not a sin," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# the companion of + +Possible meanings are: 1) "the friend of" or 2) an idiom that means having the same character as. AT: "the same kind of person as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/25.md b/pro/28/25.md index b6fb9361f5..d529ab03b2 100644 --- a/pro/28/25.md +++ b/pro/28/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# A greedy man +a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs -## translationNotes +# stirs up conflict -* **A greedy man** - a person who wants more than he needs of something -* **stirs up** - causes something bad or unpleasant to happen +The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. AT: "causes conflict" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# One who trusts in his own heart + +Depending on one's self is spoken of as trusting in one's own heart. AT: "The person who relies on himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# whoever + +"any person who" + +# walks in wisdom + +Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. AT: "lives wisely" or 2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. AT: "follows wise teachings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/27.md b/pro/28/27.md index 8aaf835518..029fe2c42a 100644 --- a/pro/28/27.md +++ b/pro/28/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The one +"The person" -## translationNotes +# the poor -* **closes his eyes to them** - "ignores them" or "chooses not to help them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to poor people in general. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# lack nothing + +This double negative is used for emphasis. AT: "have everything they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) they will receive many curses from the poor. AT: "the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them" or 2) they will receive many curses from people in general. AT: "people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor" or 3) they will receive many curses from God. AT: "God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whoever + +"anyone who" + +# closes his eyes to + +Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. AT: "ignores" or "chooses not to help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When the wicked arise + +This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. AT: "When wicked people rise to power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# people hide themselves + +This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. AT: "people go into hiding." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# perish + +Possible meanings are 1) "go away" or 2) "fall from power" or 3) "are destroyed." + +# increase + +Possible meanings are 1) "multiply" or 2) "rise to power." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/intro.md b/pro/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..76cc6706a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/01.md b/pro/29/01.md index 35a5c8460c..36414a113a 100644 --- a/pro/29/01.md +++ b/pro/29/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# who stiffens his neck +A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. AT: "who becomes stubborn" or "who refuses to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# will be broken in a moment -* **stiffens his neck** - resists the rebukes (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **will suddenly be broken** - AT: "God will suddenly break him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the people sigh** - the people let out long loud breaths that express weariness or sorrow. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will suddenly break him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# beyond healing + +"and no one will be able to heal him." Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. AT: "and no one will be able to help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the people sigh + +The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. AT: "the people will be weary and sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/03.md b/pro/29/03.md index 0fc27cc199..e1ed74b779 100644 --- a/pro/29/03.md +++ b/pro/29/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# by justice - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk. +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "by doing what is just" or "by making just laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/05.md b/pro/29/05.md index f6b37631a2..5ee92b55d1 100644 --- a/pro/29/05.md +++ b/pro/29/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# flatters his neighbor -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do -## translationNotes +# spreading a net for his feet -* **An evil person is caught in a trap by his own sin** - "The sin of an evil person catches him in a trap" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. AT: "setting a trap to catch that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In the sin of an evil person is a trap + +When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/07.md b/pro/29/07.md index d2919b01a0..2c30ce9a9e 100644 --- a/pro/29/07.md +++ b/pro/29/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# set a city on fire -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here the word "city" represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. AT: "create turmoil for the people of a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# turn away wrath -* **set a city on fire** - persuade the people of a city to cause trouble (See:(See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. AT: "calm the wrath of angry people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/09.md b/pro/29/09.md index 10c7323825..30dd36c986 100644 --- a/pro/29/09.md +++ b/pro/29/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# has an argument with +Another possible meaning is "goes to court against." -## translationNotes +# he rages and laughs -* **there will be no rest** - AT: "the disagreement will not be resolved" -* **the upright** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:03:31]]. +The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging. + +# rages + +This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word. + +# there will be no rest + +"they will not be able to settle the problem" + +# seek the life of + +This idiom means to "want to kill." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/11.md b/pro/29/11.md index 53dae1e2b4..82f0fe43df 100644 --- a/pro/29/11.md +++ b/pro/29/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# pays attention +"listens." See how you translated this in [Proverbs 17:4](../17/03.md). -## translationNotes +# all his officials will be wicked -* **pays attention** - See how you translate this in [[:en:bible:notes:pro:01:23]]. -* **all his officials will be wicked** - AT: "it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) \\ . +The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. AT: "it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/13.md b/pro/29/13.md index 620d126710..1f90d1f4b8 100644 --- a/pro/29/13.md +++ b/pro/29/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# oppressor +a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult -## translationNotes +# Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both -* **oppressor** - a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult -* **Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both** - "Yahweh makes both of them alive." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his throne** - "his kingdom" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This idiom means "Yahweh makes both of them alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his throne + +The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. AT: "his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/15.md b/pro/29/15.md index c8b22488bf..4e8f19c47d 100644 --- a/pro/29/15.md +++ b/pro/29/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The rod and reproof give wisdom +The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. AT: "If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise" or "If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# The rod -* **their downfall** - "the downfall of the wicked" +Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. AT: "discipline" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# reproof + +When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing. + +# transgression increases + +The abstract noun "transgression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "more people will transgress and their sins will become worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the downfall of those wicked people + +The abstract noun "downfall" can be translated with the verb "fall," which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. AT: "those wicked people fall" or "those wicked people lose their power to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/17.md b/pro/29/17.md index 991cde2c73..872c94bcbb 100644 --- a/pro/29/17.md +++ b/pro/29/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who keeps the law is blessed -* [[en:tw:prophet]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will bless the one who keeps the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/19.md b/pro/29/19.md index 09d7b4c125..281f871ecc 100644 --- a/pro/29/19.md +++ b/pro/29/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# A slave will not be corrected by words +This can be translated in active form."You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# See a man who is hasty in his words? -* **A slave will not be corrected by words** - "Words will not correct a slave" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **See a man who is hasty in his words?** - "You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The writer is using a question to get the reader's attention. AT: "You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/21.md b/pro/29/21.md index 2503588356..8cc2d9571d 100644 --- a/pro/29/21.md +++ b/pro/29/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# who pampers his slave +"who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves" -## translationNotes +# at the end of it -* **commits** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/pro/06:32]]. -* **at the end of it** - "at the end of his youth" or "when he is grown" +"at the end of the slave's youth" or "when the slave is grown" + +# there will be trouble + +These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household. + +# stirs up strife + +Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun "strife" can be stated as "argue." See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/17.md). AT: "causes people to argue more" or "causes people to argue and fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a master of rage + +This idiom means "a person who becomes angry easily." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/23.md b/pro/29/23.md index fc79b1116b..43a410ff8a 100644 --- a/pro/29/23.md +++ b/pro/29/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# one who has a humble spirit will be given honor -* [[en:tw:humble]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit" or "a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men" or "Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# hates his own life -* **will be given honor** - AT: "men will give him honor" or "will receive honor from men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **hates his own soul** - "becomes his own enemy" +"becomes his own enemy" + +# he hears the curse and says nothing + +Possible meanings are 1) people have put the "one who shares with a thief" under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. AT: "he does not dare to testify under oath" or 2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the "one who shares" is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. AT: "he says nothing even after people have cursed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/25.md b/pro/29/25.md index 2bd7fcdbf3..1396c6aa6e 100644 --- a/pro/29/25.md +++ b/pro/29/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The fear of man makes a snare +Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. AT: "Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a snare -* **The fear of man makes a snare** - AT: "To be afraid of what others think of you is like a dangerous entanglement" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a snare** - a trap to catch animals -* **will be protected** - AT: "is safe" (UDB) or "will receive protection from him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +a trap that catches animals with ropes + +# the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Many are those who seek the face of the ruler + +The word "face" is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. AT: "Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from Yahweh is justice for a person + +It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as "just." AT: "it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/27.md b/pro/29/27.md index 41dc20704a..05f5785f7a 100644 --- a/pro/29/27.md +++ b/pro/29/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# detestable -* [[en:tw:unjust]] - -## translationNotes - -* **detestable** - See as you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/pro/03:31]]. +a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/31.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/intro.md b/pro/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5b689bbb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/01.md b/pro/30/01.md index c274a3205c..7b25ee3182 100644 --- a/pro/30/01.md +++ b/pro/30/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Agur ... Jakeh ... Ithiel ... Ucal -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Agur son of Jakeh -* **Agur ... Jakeh ...Ithiel ... Ucal** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **oracle** - a message from God -* **to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal** - AT: "to Ithiel and Ucal" -* **Surely** - "Certainly" or "There is no doubt that" +This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild. + +# the utterance + +"the message" + +# to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal + +"to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal" + +# Surely + +"Certainly" or "There is no doubt that" + +# I do not have the understanding of a human being + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One + +The abstract noun "knowledge" can be translated as a verb. AT: "nor do I really know anything about the Holy One" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/04.md b/pro/30/04.md index 1abf5ec242..7765a8d891 100644 --- a/pro/30/04.md +++ b/pro/30/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Who has ... down? Who has ... hands? Who has ... cloak? Who has ... earth? +The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. AT: "No person has ever ... down. No person has ever ... hands. No person has ever ... cloak. No person has ever ... earth." or "Who has ... down? Who has ... hands? Who has ... cloak? Who has ... earth? No one has ever done any of these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# heaven -* **Who has ...?** - There are 4 questions in this verse beginning with "Who has". These can be written as a statement if necessary. AT: "No one has ..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **gathered up the wind in hollow of his hands** - AT: "has caught the wind in his hands" -* **has established all the ends of the earth** - AT: "has set up the limits for where the earth ends" or "has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth" -* **What is his name and what is the name of his son? Surely you know?** - AT: "Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them" +where God lives + +# gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands + +The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. AT: "has caught the wind in his hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hollow of his hands + +the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. "his cupped hands" + +# gathered up + +brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted + +# has established all the ends of the earth + +"has set up the limits for where the earth ends" or "has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth" + +# What is his name, and what is the name of his son? + +The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. AT: "Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Surely you know! + +The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the "who" in the earlier questions can do. AT: "I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/05.md b/pro/30/05.md index 903dd0e493..d00940ce39 100644 --- a/pro/30/05.md +++ b/pro/30/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# is tested -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. AT: "is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# he is a shield to those who take refuge in him -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +The word "shield" is a metaphor for something that protects a person. AT: "he protects those who come and ask him to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# add to his words + +say more than he has said + +# you will be proved to be + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "he will prove that you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/07.md b/pro/30/07.md index b85a4d192f..29739a8896 100644 --- a/pro/30/07.md +++ b/pro/30/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Put vanity and lies far away from me -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) "Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me" or 2) "Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# vanity -* **vanity** - pride in one's appearance, abilities, and wealth -* **poverty** - being poor +false, useless words + +# Give me neither poverty nor riches + +The writer speaks as if "poverty" and "riches" were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as "poor" and "rich." AT: "Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if I have too much, I might deny you and say + +This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if I become poor, I might steal and profane + +This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# I might steal and profane the name of my God + +"I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God" or "I might harm God's reputation by stealing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/10.md b/pro/30/10.md index 7662d60f7d..9376173af8 100644 --- a/pro/30/10.md +++ b/pro/30/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# slander -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] +speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him -## translationNotes +# he will curse -* **you will be held guilty** - AT: "people will hold you guilty" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the servant will curse" + +# you will be held guilty + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people will hold you guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/11.md b/pro/30/11.md index da18953012..f6f1713b78 100644 --- a/pro/30/11.md +++ b/pro/30/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a generation that curses ... and does not bless ... a generation that is -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +"a generation of people who curse ... and do not bless ... a generation of people that are" -## translationNotes +# generation -* **A generation that curses their father and does not bless their mother** - "A generation of people who curse their fathers and do not bless their mothers" -* **are pure in their own eyes** - AT: "believes they are pure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they are not washed of their filth** - AT: "they are not cleansed from their sins" or "they are still dirty with their sins" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +type or class or group + +# is pure in their own eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "considers themselves pure" or "believes they are pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are not washed of their filth + +The words "washed" and "filth" speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. AT: "God has not forgiven them of their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# filth + +This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/13.md b/pro/30/13.md index 96a5c5915c..df8310159f 100644 --- a/pro/30/13.md +++ b/pro/30/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# eyes are raised up ... their eyelids lifted up +This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# There is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor ... and the needy -* **how haughty are their eyes -* These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "their eyes show that they are haughty" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **jawbones** - the bones of the face where teeth grow +The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# jawbones + +the bones of the face where teeth grow \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/15.md b/pro/30/15.md index 49f219bf5d..253dffd9fd 100644 --- a/pro/30/15.md +++ b/pro/30/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# The leech has two daughters -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +This is an example of something that always wants more. AT: "Greed has two daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# leech -* **The leech has two daughters** - This is an example of something that always wants more. AT: "Greed has two daughters" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **leech** - a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood -* **There are three things that are never satisfied, -* This use of the numbers 'three' and 'four' together here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, "Enough"" -* **never satisfied** - AT: "always want more" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **scorns obedience** - "despises to obey" -* **ravens** - large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals -* **vultures** - any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads +a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood + +# "Give and give" they cry + +Another possible meaning is "and they are both named Give Me." + +# There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, "Enough" + +This use of the numbers "three" and "four" together here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, 'Enough'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) + +# are never satisfied + +This can be stated positively. AT: "always want more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# land that is never satisfied with water + +Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# scorns obedience to a mother + +The word "obedience" is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as "obey." AT: "considers his mother worthless and will not obey her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his eyes ... the vultures + +The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live. + +# his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ravens + +large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals + +# he will be eaten by the vultures + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the vultures will eat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# vultures + +any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/18.md b/pro/30/18.md index b5e484bebd..3bf663b9be 100644 --- a/pro/30/18.md +++ b/pro/30/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# There are three things that are ... four that I do not understand: -* [[en:tw:eagle]] +The use of the numbers "three" and "four" here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:" -## translationNotes +# in the heart of the sea -* **There are three things that are ... four that I do not understand:** - The use of the numbers 'three' and 'four' here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand--four of them are:" -* **in the heart of the sea** - The "heart" refers to the middle. AT: "in the middle of the sea" or "on the open sea" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The "heart" refers to the middle. AT: "in the middle of the sea" or "on the open sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/20.md b/pro/30/20.md index 3f7e31005a..445a950d8f 100644 --- a/pro/30/20.md +++ b/pro/30/20.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# she eats and she wipes her mouth - -## translationNotes - -* **she eats and she wipes her mouth** - This is an idiom for having sex. AT: "She commits adultery and washes herself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/21.md b/pro/30/21.md index 138287fe56..c9a73dbc5a 100644 --- a/pro/30/21.md +++ b/pro/30/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up +The use of the numbers "three" and "four" here is likely a poetic device. "There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:" -## translationNotes +# a fool when he is filled with food -* **Under three things the earth trembles, and the fourth it cannot endure:** - The use of the numbers 'three' and 'four' here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of there are:" -* **a fool when he is filled with food** - AT: "a fool when he fills himself with food" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a fool who has had enough to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a hated woman when she marries + +That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. AT: "a woman whom good people have hated when she marries" or "an outcast woman when she marries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# takes the place of her mistress + +rules the household \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/24.md b/pro/30/24.md index f7e172ec4f..a008356bd8 100644 --- a/pro/30/24.md +++ b/pro/30/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# rock badgers -* [[en:tw:mighty]] - -## translationNotes - -* **rock badger** - This is an animal that resembles a large rabbit but has small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail. +an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/27.md b/pro/30/27.md index 32ca46cfb5..1bedf5160d 100644 --- a/pro/30/27.md +++ b/pro/30/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# lizard -* [[en:tw:locust]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] - -## translationNotes - -* **lizard** - This is a reptile that has four legs, a long body slender, and a tail. +a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/29.md b/pro/30/29.md index b0b90532e7..9e2db9524c 100644 --- a/pro/30/29.md +++ b/pro/30/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# There are three things that are ... four that are stately in how they walk +The use of the numbers "three" and "four" here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are:" -## translationNotes +# stately -* **There are three things that are ... four which are stately in their gait:** - The use of the numbers 'three' and 'four' here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are:" -* **stately** - "majestic" or "dignified" -* **strutting rooster** - an adult male chicken that walks proudly +majestic or dignified, like a king + +# strutting rooster + +an adult male chicken that walks proudly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/32.md b/pro/30/32.md index e36d06a095..f89d885a76 100644 --- a/pro/30/32.md +++ b/pro/30/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# churning -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] +strongly stirring -## translationNotes +# butter -* **churning** - Strong stirring. -* **butter** - A thick product made of animal milk, similar to curds made and eaten in some part of the world. +Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/intro.md b/pro/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9788397f98 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Proverbs 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Agur ##### + +His full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means "gatherer" and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name. + +##### Three things and four ##### + +From verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like "small and yet wise." The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +##### Themes ##### +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/01.md b/pro/31/01.md index 9d0a634d11..18797d47d6 100644 --- a/pro/31/01.md +++ b/pro/31/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# King Lemuel -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:womb|womb]] +This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? -* **King Lemuel** - This is the name of a king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **oracle** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:pro:30:01]]. +Possible meanings of the rhetorical question "What" are 1) "What are you doing?" or "You should not be doing what you are doing" or 2) "What shall I tell you?" or "Listen to what I am telling you" or 3) "Do not do the things I am about to warn you against." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my son ... son of my womb ... son of my vows + +The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him. + +# son of my womb + +The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born. + +# son of my vows + +The "vows" could be 1) the mother's marriage vows or 2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God. + +# Do not give your strength to women + +"Do not work hard trying to have sex with women," either outside of marriage or with concubines. + +# or your ways to those who destroy kings + +"or allow those who destroy kings to advise you" + +# your ways + +Possible meanings are 1) "the way you live your life" or 2) "the work you do" + +# those who destroy kings + +probably the immoral "women" to whom he is not to give his strength \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/04.md b/pro/31/04.md index c5736904bb..38b135b9f7 100644 --- a/pro/31/04.md +++ b/pro/31/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Lemuel -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:strongdrink]] +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# what has been decreed -* **Lemuel** - See how you translate this in [[en/bible/notes/pro/31/01]] -* **decreed** - "ordered" -* **pervert** - "change" or "twist" +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "what God has decreed" or 2) "what the kings themselves have decreed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# pervert + +"change" or "twist" or "deny" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/06.md b/pro/31/06.md index 0176872b63..bb789078e2 100644 --- a/pro/31/06.md +++ b/pro/31/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# and wine +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "and give wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# in bitter distress -* **and wine** - "and give wine" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in bitter distress** - "who's souls are bitter" or "who are in misery" +"who's souls are bitter" or "who are in misery" + +# his poverty + +The abstract noun "poverty" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "how poor he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his trouble + +The abstract noun "trouble" can be translated as a clause. AT: "the bad things that are happening to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/08.md b/pro/31/08.md index 0ae9a75b47..ea82f8e1ba 100644 --- a/pro/31/08.md +++ b/pro/31/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Speak for those who cannot speak +Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. AT: "Defend those who cannot defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# for the causes of all who are perishing -* **for the causes** - "speak for the causes" or "speak out for" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the poor and needy** - These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "those who are poor and in need" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The cause represents the person whose cause it is. AT: "so that people will treat all who are perishing justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the causes + +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "speak for the causes" or "speak out for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# poor and needy people + +These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/10.md b/pro/31/10.md index 0aaa6383d1..23a0814ff6 100644 --- a/pro/31/10.md +++ b/pro/31/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Who can find a capable wife? +The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. AT: "Not many men can find a capable wife." or "Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Her value is far more than jewels -* **Who can find a capable wife?** - AT: "Not many men can find a capable wife" or "Not many men can find a wife who is good at many things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Her value is far more than jewels** - "She is more precious than jewels" -* **he will never be poor** - AT: "he will always have what he needs" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"She is more precious than jewels" + +# he will never be poor + +This litotes can be stated positively. AT: "he will always have what he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/13.md b/pro/31/13.md index 30b84ced27..25e5eac8f6 100644 --- a/pro/31/13.md +++ b/pro/31/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# wool +sheep's hair that is used to make cloth -## translationNotes +# flax -* **wool** - sheep's hair that is used to make cloth -* **flax** - a plant whose fiber is used to make linen -* **merchant** - someone who buys and sells +a plant whose fiber is used to make linen + +# with the delight of her hands + +Possible meanings are that the word "delight" describes 1) how she feels as she works, "gladly with her hands," or 2) how she feels about the wool and flax, "with her hands on things that she enjoys working with" + +# merchant + +someone who buys and sells + +# distributes the work for her female servants + +"tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/16.md b/pro/31/16.md index 2d3970c863..01edac842d 100644 --- a/pro/31/16.md +++ b/pro/31/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the fruit of her hands -* [[en:tw:fruit]] +The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](./13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. AT: "the money she has earned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# She dresses herself with strength -* **the fruit of her hands** - AT: "the money she has earned" or "the result of her hard work" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **She dresses herself with strength** - AT: "She prepares herself for hard work" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and makes her arms strong** - AT: "and she strengthens her arms by doing her work" +Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. AT: "She prepares herself for hard physical work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# makes her arms strong + +"she strengthens her arms by doing her work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/18.md b/pro/31/18.md index 4072387c62..1a2fcb7358 100644 --- a/pro/31/18.md +++ b/pro/31/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# perceives +sees by looking carefully -## translationNotes +# all night long her lamp is not extinguished -* **perceives** - "discerns" or "identifies" -* **all night long her lamp is not extinguished** - This refers to her working long into the night while it is dark. She does not work the entire night, from dusk to dawn, this is an exaggeration. AT: "She burns a lamp through the night as she works" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **spindle** - a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread +This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. AT: "She burns a lamp through the night as she works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# spindle + +a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/20.md b/pro/31/20.md index 600354b797..c0f0e39b4b 100644 --- a/pro/31/20.md +++ b/pro/31/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# reaches out with her hand to poor +The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. AT: "helps poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# reaches out with her hands to -* **reaches out with her hand** - AT: "helps" or "gives her help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **are clothed in scarlet** - Here "scarlet" does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. AT: "have expensive, warm clothing" +These words translate the same words translated "puts her hands on" in [Proverbs 31:19](./18.md). + +# are clothed in scarlet + +Here "scarlet" does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. AT: "have expensive, warm clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# scarlet + +The color red, but with a hint of orange. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/22.md b/pro/31/22.md index e2c530532d..c740819182 100644 --- a/pro/31/22.md +++ b/pro/31/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# linen -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:purple]] +cloth made of flax yarn -## translationNotes +# Her husband is known -* **linen** - cloth made of flax yarn -* **Her husband is known** - "People know her husband" +This can be translated in active form. The verb "know" is a metonym for respect. AT: "People respect her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when he sits with the elders of the land + +to make laws and settle arguments \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/24.md b/pro/31/24.md index 539bcadbee..89610630cd 100644 --- a/pro/31/24.md +++ b/pro/31/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# linen +cloth made from flax yarn -## translationNotes +# sashes -* **linen** - cloth made from flax yarn -* **sashes** - long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder -* **laughs at** - "is not fearful of" +long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder + +# She is clothed with strength and honor + +Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns "strength" and "honor" can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. AT: "Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# laughs at the time to come + +This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. AT: "is not afraid of what will happen in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/26.md b/pro/31/26.md index 9dd4fb8852..587317bc26 100644 --- a/pro/31/26.md +++ b/pro/31/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# opens her mouth with wisdom -* [[en:tw:law]] +The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. The abstract noun "wisdom" can be translated as an adverb or an adjective. AT: "she speaks wisely" or "she speaks wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the law of kindness is on her tongue -* **the law of kindness is on her tongue** - The phrase "on her tongue" refer to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase "the law of kindness" refers to teachings of kindness. AT: "teachings of kindness are in here words" or "she speaks teachings of kindness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **does not eat the bread of idleness** - To "eat the bread of" something means to do something. AT: "she is not idle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **idleness** - doing nothing and being lazy +The phrase "on her tongue" refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase "the law of kindness" refers to her teaching people to be kind. AT: "she teaches people to be kind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# watches over the ways of her household + +The word "ways" refers to the way people live. AT: "makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# does not eat the bread of idleness + +To "eat the bread of" something means to do something. AT: "she is not idle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# idleness + +doing nothing and being lazy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/28.md b/pro/31/28.md index 3223999343..55430f605d 100644 --- a/pro/31/28.md +++ b/pro/31/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# rise up and +Possible meanings are 1) literally "stand up and" or 2) as a metonym, "actively." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# call her blessed -* **rise up** - "stand up" -* **surpassed** - "have done better than" +saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. AT: "congratulate her" or "say, 'Yay, Mom!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# surpassed + +"have done better than" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/30.md b/pro/31/30.md index 5faa1c87e3..4800108820 100644 --- a/pro/31/30.md +++ b/pro/31/30.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Elegance is deceptive -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The abstract noun "elegance" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "A gracious woman can deceive people" or "A woman with good manners could really be evil" See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# beauty is vain -* **elegance** - being charming and attractive -* **she will be praised** - AT: "praise is her's" or "she deserves praise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **let her works praise her in the gates** - She will be praised for her works, not by her works. AT: "may the people in the gates praise her because of the works she has done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "beauty" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# she will be praised + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people will praise her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fruit of her hands + +The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](./13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). AT: "the money she has earned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# let her works praise her in the gates + +She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those "in the gates" are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. AT: "may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/intro.md b/pro/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c05dfae628 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Proverbs 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +##### King Lemuel ##### + +This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### An acrostic poem ##### + +Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife. + +##### Themes ##### +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/front/intro.md b/pro/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4fa0f343dc --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# Introduction to Proverbs # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Proverbs #### + + - Introduction and Solomon's place (1:1–7) +1. Collection of sayings (1:8–9:18) +1. First collection of Solomon (10:1–22:16) +1. First "Sayings of the Wise Men" (22:17–23:14) +1. Other sayings (23:15–24:22) +1. Second "Sayings of the Wise Men" (24:23–34) +1. Second collection of Solomon (25:1–29:27) +1. The Words of Agur (30:1–33) +1. The Words of Lemuel (31:1–9) +1. The Virtuous Woman (31:10–31) + +#### What is the book of Proverbs about? #### + +Most societies have their own proverbs, which are usually short sentences well-known for their meanings and understood by everyone who speaks that language. The book of Proverbs is a collection of this kind of statements, but it also includes general teaching about how to live wisely. It is classed as Old Testament wisdom literature, along with Ecclesiastes and certain Psalms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The title of this book is often badly translated as "Proverbs." A more general translation would be "Words for Wise People," "Words that Give Wisdom," or something similar. + +=== Who wrote the book of Proverbs?=== + +Proverbs begins with the words, "The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel." But we understand that not all the proverbs were written by Solomon. Unnamed "wise men" seem to have written some of them, as did also "Agur the son of Jakeh." King Lemuel may be the writer of some portion of Proverbs (31:10-31). Solomon, clearly, did not write the whole of the book of Proverbs. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is meant by "wisdom" and "foolishness" in the book of Proverbs? #### + +Here "wisdom" means the humility necessary to live in a way that honors Yahweh. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain one's honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called "foolish." For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What form do the individual proverbs have? #### + +In general, the proverbs have two parts or two lines, "parallel" to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may elaborate on the first, or may even contradict the first. But it is also true that these sayings are grouped together in larger units, so the translator should take this fact into account as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +#### How should personification be represented in translation? #### + +In Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 03:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 04:6-9](../04/05.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to use similes instead, presenting the idea that wisdom or understanding is like a wise woman whom people should obey. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/001.md b/psa/001/001.md index 3a118600f8..757b7095cc 100644 --- a/psa/001/001.md +++ b/psa/001/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# who does not walk in the advice of the wicked -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **who does not walk in the advice of the wicked** - The word "advice" represents what wicked people say. AT: "who does not follow the advice of the wicked," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **stand in the pathway with sinners** - Here the word "pathway" represents the way sinful people live. AT: "imitate the behavior of sinful people," -* **delight** - "contentment" or "joy" +The "advice of the wicked" is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. AT: "who does not follow the advice of the wicked" or "who does not do what wicked people advise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stand in the pathway with sinners + +Here the word "pathway" represents the way people live. The word "stand" is in parallel with "walk." AT: "imitate the behavior of sinful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# or sit in the assembly of mockers + +Sitting with people who mock God represents joining people who mock God. AT: "or join those who mock God" or "or mock God with others who mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# delight + +"contentment" or "joy" + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/003.md b/psa/001/003.md index 5dfed0d64a..7c961d7648 100644 --- a/psa/001/003.md +++ b/psa/001/003.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This passage introduces an elaborate image in which a righteous person is thought of in terms of a flourishing tree. -## translationNotes +# He will be like a tree ... fruit in its season -* **He will be like a tree planted by the streams of water that produces its fruit in its season, whose leaves do not wither** - AT: "Wherever he finds himself, he will be productive and not get tired;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +In the Bible, people are often spoken of as trees. People who delight in Yahweh's law can do all God wants them to do just as a tree that is planted by water produces good fruit. AT: "He will be prosperous like a tree ... fruit in its season" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# planted by the streams of water + +A tree that is planted by a stream can get enough water to be healthy. + +# that produces its fruit in its season + +Healthy trees produce good fruit at the right time. + +# whose leaves do not wither + +If a tree gets enough water, its leaves do not dry out and die. + +# whatever he does will prosper + +"He will be successful at whatever he does" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/004.md b/psa/001/004.md index 8a112cd1a1..2db31c7819 100644 --- a/psa/001/004.md +++ b/psa/001/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The wicked are not so -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +How they are not like that can be stated clearly. "The wicked are not prosperous" or "The wicked do not prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# but are instead like the chaff -* **The wicked are not so** - "The wicked do not have these good results" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **instead like the chaff** - AT: "worthless like the chaff" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **will not stand** - AT: "man will be condemned" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **nor sinners** - AT: "neither will sinners stand" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous** - "God will not consider sinners as righteous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +How they are like chaff can be stated clearly. AT: "but instead they are worthless like the chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# will not stand in the judgment + +Possible meanings are 1) not standing in the judgment is a metonym for being judged by God and having to leave his presence. AT: "will not continue to stay before God when he judges them" or "will have to leave God's presence when he judges them as guilty" or 2) not standing in the judgment is a metaphor for being condemned in the judgment. "AT: "will be condemned in the judgment" or "will be condemned when God judges them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the judgment + +The noun judgment can be expressed as a verb. This probably refers to the final judgment when God judges all people. AT: "when God judges everyone" + +# nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous + +Translators can supply the verb "stand." AT: "neither will sinners stand in the assembly of the righteous" or "and sinners will not stand in the assembly of the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous + +Being accepted by God as righteous is spoken of as standing with the group of righteous people. AT: "and God will not accept sinners along with the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/006.md b/psa/001/006.md index 75f17635cc..f0d9ee2ff8 100644 --- a/psa/001/006.md +++ b/psa/001/006.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the way of the righteous -* **For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous ... way of the wicked will perish** - These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. +How people live is spoken of as if it were a "way" or "road" that they are walking on. AT: "how the righteous live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the way of the wicked will perish + +How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a "way" or "road" that they walk on. Possible meanings are 1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. AT: "The wicked will die because of how they live" or 2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. AT: "the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/intro.md b/psa/001/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b244b8c15 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/001/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Psalm 001 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 1 is usually considered to be a "wisdom psalm," which gives advice to those who hear it read or sung. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessed ##### +A main theme in this psalm is what it means to be blessed. Here "blessed" refers to anyone who is well off because of a good relationship to God. The contrasting theme is that there are ungodly people, those who refuse to honor God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +##### People who opposed Yahweh ##### + +There are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: "the wicked" (those who do evil), "sinners" (those who ignore God's law), and "mockers" (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 1:1](./001.md)__ +* __[Psalms intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../002/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/001.md b/psa/002/001.md index f9c607c055..8fb507d94e 100644 --- a/psa/002/001.md +++ b/psa/002/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Why are the nations in turmoil, and why do the peoples make plots that will fail? -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Why are the nations in rebellion, and why do the peoples conspire in vain?** - AT: "The nations are rebelling and plotting against God in vain. " AT: "Why do the leaders of nations rage against Yahweh? Why do people rebel against him, even though it is in vain?" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **The kings of the earth take their stand together ... rulers conspire together** - These clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **take their stand together** - AT: "unite" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Let us tear off the shackles ... throw off their chains** - AT: "We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer!" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These questions are used to show surprise that the people are doing things that are so wrong and foolish. AT: "The nations are in turmoil and the peoples are making plots that will fail." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# are the nations in turmoil + +This probably means that the nations were making a noisy and angry commotion. + +# the nations + +This represents either the leaders or the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# plots that will fail + +These are probably plots against God and his people. + +# The kings of the earth take their stand together ... the rulers conspire together + +These two clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# take their stand together ... conspire together + +These phrases mean the same thing, implying that the leaders stand together in order to fight against Yahweh and his Messiah. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "gather to fight ... plan together to revolt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let us tear off the shackles ... throw off their chains + +The people of other nations speak of Yahweh and the Messiah's rule over them as if it were shackles and chains. AT: "We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/004.md b/psa/002/004.md index 1334beb2be..db6622e9a1 100644 --- a/psa/002/004.md +++ b/psa/002/004.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He ... the Lord -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] +These phrases refer to Yahweh. Yahweh is often called "the Lord" but the words for "Yahweh" and "the Lord" are different. -## translationNotes +# sits in the heavens -* **sits in the heavens** - AT: "rules in the heavens" or AT: "sits on the throne in heaven" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **sneer at them; the Lord mocks them** - AT: "The Lord mock them for their foolish idea" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) -* **terrify** - "frighten" -* **He** - This word refers to God. -* **them** - This word refers to the rulers of the nations. See: [[:en:bible:notes:psa:002:001]]. +Here sitting represents ruling. What he sits on can be stated clearly. AT: "rules in the heavens" or "sits on his throne in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Lord mocks them + +"the Lord mocks those people." Why he mocks them can be stated clearly. AT: "The Lord mocks them for their foolish plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# terrify them in his rage + +The abstract noun "rage" can be stated as "furious." AT: "he will be furious and terrify them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# terrify + +"frighten" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/006.md b/psa/002/006.md index c77bfd57bb..e01728ce6a 100644 --- a/psa/002/006.md +++ b/psa/002/006.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I myself -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Yahweh is emphasizing that he, and not someone else, has anointed his king. -## translationNotes +# anointed my king -* **myself** - The word "myself" is added here for emphasis. AT: "Yahweh" (UDB) -* **anointed my king** - "appointed my king" -* **He says to me** - means God says to the king -* **You** - This refers to "my king" from verse 6. -* **I will announce a decree of Yahweh** - "I will announce a command of Yahweh." -* **I have become your father** - AT: "I announce that I am your Father" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"appointed my king to rule" + +# I will announce a decree of Yahweh + +The person saying this is the king. This can be stated clearly. AT: "The king says 'I will announce a decree of Yahweh'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He said to me + +"Yahweh said to me" + +# You are my son! This day I have become your father + +Among many peoples in that part of the world then, men could decide to legally adopt children, who would become their heirs. Here Yahweh adopts a man and makes him king of Israel. AT: "I make you my son. This day I have become your father" or "Now you are my son and am your father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/008.md b/psa/002/008.md index 80ab5b9968..f06f8878dd 100644 --- a/psa/002/008.md +++ b/psa/002/008.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] +Yahweh continues speaking to the new king of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the nations for your inheritance ... the farthermost regions of the earth for your possession -* **I will give you the nations for an inheritance ... and the farthermost regions of the earth for your possession** - Both of these clauses express the same idea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the nations** - AT: "rule over the nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the farthermost regions of the earth** - AT: "the lands that are very far away" -* **You will break them with an iron scepter; you will smash like a potter's jar** - AT: "You will defeat them completely; you will totally destroy them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) - AT: "You will defeat them completely" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the farthermost regions of the earth + +"the lands that are very far away" + +# You will break them with an iron rod; like a jar of a potter, you will smash them to pieces + +These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You will break them with an iron rod + +Defeating the nations is spoken of as breaking them, and his power is spoken of as an iron rod. AT: "You will defeat them completely by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will smash them to pieces + +Destroying nations is spoken of as if they could be smashed like a clay jar. AT: you will completely destroy them like a clay pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a jar of a potter + +A potter is a person who makes clay pots and jars. These are fragile and can be broken easily. AT: "a clay jar" or "a clay pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/010.md b/psa/002/010.md index cd93dc1018..d9f03b0efb 100644 --- a/psa/002/010.md +++ b/psa/002/010.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So now, you kings, be warned; be corrected, you rulers of the earth -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "So now, you kings and rulers of the earth, be warned and corrected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# be warned -* **So now, you kings, be warned ... be corrected you rulers of the earth** - These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) AT: "you rulers be careful to obey God" * -* **you kings** - AT: " you kings and other rulers" -* **be corrected** - AT: "pay attention" +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "listen to this warning" or "be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be corrected + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "listen to this correction" or "take this correction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/012.md b/psa/002/012.md index 5330775f3d..83d6e6177a 100644 --- a/psa/002/012.md +++ b/psa/002/012.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Kiss the son -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +People would show their king that they were loyal to him by kissing him, perhaps on the feet. AT: "Show the son that you are truly loyal to him" or "Bow down humbly before his son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# you will die in the way -* **allegiance** - "loyalty" or "honor" -* **his anger quickly ignites** - AT: "when he suddenly becomes very angry." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **take shelter** - AT: "find protection" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This may refer to dying right there, before the person has a chance to go away. AT: "you will die immediately" + +# when his anger burns for just a moment + +The king's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could burn. AT: "when he suddenly becomes very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seek refuge in him + +Asking the king for protection is spoken of as seeking refuge in him. AT: "ask the king to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/intro.md b/psa/002/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03dc455248 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/002/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Psalm 002 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. It is often thought to be about the Messiah because of verse 6 and 7 reference the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### + +The main theme of this psalm is that God is protecting and empowering the king he has appointed and that it is useless for the foreign nations to oppose God and his king. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +"Today I have begotten you" is a metaphor meaning that God acknowledges the king as his special person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 2:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../001/intro.md) | [>>](../003/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/003/001.md b/psa/003/001.md index 644a9b024f..d5b81e6a1c 100644 --- a/psa/003/001.md +++ b/psa/003/001.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:absalom]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote” -* **turned away** - "come against me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **"There is no help for him from God."** - TA: "God will not help him." (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Selah** - Possibly a music term meaning the instruments should play and the singing wait. +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Yahweh, how many are my enemies! + +This exclamation shows that David is afraid of his enemies. AT: "Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# have risen against me + +Fighting against someone is spoken of as rising against him. AT: "come against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/003/003.md b/psa/003/003.md index 8990276f77..bae171ba22 100644 --- a/psa/003/003.md +++ b/psa/003/003.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# you, Yahweh, are a shield around me -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. AT: "you, Yahweh, protect me like a shield" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my glory -* **a shield around me** - God is protecting him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my glory** - AT: "You give me victory" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **the one who lifts my head** - AT: "the one who encourages me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **your holy hill** - AT: "the hill where your temple is" +"you are my glory." By calling God his glory, David says that God is the one who gives him glory. Since David has just spoken about his enemies and God being his protector, he probably meant that God gives him glory by giving him victory over his enemies. AT: "you are the one who gives me glory" or "you are the one who gives me victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the one who lifts up my head + +"you are the one who lifts up my head." Giving someone courage is spoken of as lifting up his head. AT: "the one who encourages me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I lift up my voice + +Using one's voice to cry out is spoken as as lifting up his voice. AT: "I cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in ([Psalms 3:1](./001.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/003/005.md b/psa/003/005.md index ec94f247a8..b46848642e 100644 --- a/psa/003/005.md +++ b/psa/003/005.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# have set themselves against me on every side -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] - -## translationNotes - -* **set themselves against me on every side** - "surrounded me to destroy me." +"have surrounded me to destroy me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/003/007.md b/psa/003/007.md index 450e4d3ac0..17ea49fcda 100644 --- a/psa/003/007.md +++ b/psa/003/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Rise up -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] +David speaks of starting to do something as getting up. AT: "Take action" or "Do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# hit all my enemies ... break the teeth of the wicked -* **For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw** - AT: "For you will disable all my enemies;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you will break the teeth of the wicked** - AT: "you will take away their power." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Salvation comes from Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh saves his people" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +These phrases say very similar things. The phrases "my enemies" and "the wicked" refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw + +This was a way of insulting people. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically hit his enemies. AT: "For you will insult all my enemies like someone hitting them on the jaw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will break the teeth of the wicked + +Animals attack with their teeth. Breaking their teeth takes away their power to attack. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically fight against the wicked. AT: "you will make the wicked unable to harm me like someone breaking the teeth of a ferocious animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Salvation comes from Yahweh + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verb "save." AT: "Yahweh saves his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/003/intro.md b/psa/003/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..85d9c9fe04 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/003/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 003 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +Although the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 3:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../002/intro.md) | [>>](../004/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/004/001.md b/psa/004/001.md index 7c752fad4d..16463e1d18 100644 --- a/psa/004/001.md +++ b/psa/004/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **on string instruments** - "people should play stringed instruments with this song." -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **God of my righteousness** - AT: "God, you enable us do good things" -* **give me room** - AT: "set me free" or "make space for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **when I am hemmed in** - AT: " in a time of trouble." or "when I get trapped." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# on stringed instruments + +"people should play stringed instruments with this song" + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Answer me when I call + +"Respond to me when I call" or "Help me when I call" + +# God of my righteousness + +"God, who shows that I am righteous" + +# give me room when I am hemmed in + +Being in danger is spoken of as being in a narrow space. AT: "rescue me when I am in danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/004/002.md b/psa/004/002.md index d3f543ab47..8b30f08038 100644 --- a/psa/004/002.md +++ b/psa/004/002.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David sings this part of the song as if he is speaking to his enemies. -## translationNotes +# You people, how long will you turn my honor into shame? -* **You people, how long will you turn my honor into shame?** - AT: "You people continually bring me shame when you should be my honoring me!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **How long will you love that which is worthless and seek after lies?** - AT: "You continue to love things that are worthless and seek after lies." or "You continue to love false gods. They are worthless and their claims are lies." +David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. AT: "You people continually turn my honor into shame!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# turn my honor into shame + +Shaming him instead of honoring him is spoken of as making his honor become shame. AT: "shame me instead of honoring me" or "bring me shame when you should be honoring me" + +# How long will you love that which is worthless and seek after lies? + +David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. AT: "You continue to love things that are worthless and seek after lies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# love that which is worthless ... seek after lies + +These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The lies are worthless. AT: "love worthless lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Yahweh sets apart the godly for himself + +"Yahweh chooses godly people for himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/004/004.md b/psa/004/004.md index 0260746720..86e955503e 100644 --- a/psa/004/004.md +++ b/psa/004/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Tremble in fear -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The relationship between "tremble" and "fear" and who people should fear can be stated clearly. AT: "Fear Yahweh so much that you tremble" or "Stand in awe of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Tremble -* **Tremble in fear** - AT: “Fear me so much that you shake” or “Stand in awe of me” -* **tremble** - "shake" -* **offer the sacrifices of righteousness** - AT: "offer the right sacrifices" +"Shake" + +# Meditate in your heart + +The heart represents a person's thoughts. Thinking carefully is spoken of as meditating in one's heart. AT: "Think carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Offer the sacrifices of righteousness + +"Offer the right sacrifices" + +# put your trust in Yahweh + +Here "trust" is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put somewhere. The abstract noun "trust" can be stated as a verb. AT: "trust in Yahweh" or "trust Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/004/006.md b/psa/004/006.md index acb4b92d8d..4906356c6a 100644 --- a/psa/004/006.md +++ b/psa/004/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Who will show us anything good? -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This question is used either to ask for something or to express a wish about something that has not happened. AT: "Please show us something good!" or "We wish someone would show us something good!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Who will show us anything good? -* **You have given my heart more gladness** - AT: "You have made me glad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **lift up the light of your face on us** - AT: "continue to treat us kindly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **than others have when their grain and new wine abound** - AT: "than other people have when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes." -* **make me safe and secure** - AT: "can keep me safe." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Possible meanings are 1) showing something good represents bringing good things. AT: "Who will bring good things to us?" or 2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. AT: "Who will say that anything good has happened?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lift up the light of your face on us + +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have given my heart more gladness + +The heart represents the person. AT: "You have given me more gladness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You have given my heart more gladness than others have + +Here "gladness" is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. The abstract noun "gladness" can be stated as "glad." AT: "You have made me more glad than others are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when their grain and new wine abound + +"New wine" may represent grapes. AT: "when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep + +Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "peace." AT: "I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep" or "I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# make me safe and secure + +The words "safe" and "secure" mean basically the same thing and emphasize complete safety. AT: "make me completely safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/004/intro.md b/psa/004/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..85c021540a --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/004/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 004 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +God protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 4:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../003/intro.md) | [>>](../005/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/001.md b/psa/005/001.md index d732329252..bfe406f4d6 100644 --- a/psa/005/001.md +++ b/psa/005/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **with wind instruments** - "This song should be accompanied by people who play wind instruments." -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **groan** - This means to make a low sound with the voice as a result of physical or emotional stress. -* **Listen to my call to you, Yahweh; think about my groanings. Listen to the sound of my call, my King and my God,** - AT: "Yahweh, you are my king and my God. Please pay attention to my desperate prayer." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **bring my petition** - AT: "make my request" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **expectantly** - "hopefully" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# with wind instruments + +"This song should be accompanied by people who play wind instruments." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Listen to my call to you + +This is a call for help. AT: "Listen to me as I call to you for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# groanings + +low sounds that people make with the voice when they are suffering + +# in the morning you hear my cry ... in the morning I will bring my petition to you + +These two phrases are very similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will bring my petition to you + +"I will make my request" or "I will ask you for what I need" + +# expectantly + +"hopefully" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/004.md b/psa/005/004.md index cba3d88467..8c824ee238 100644 --- a/psa/005/004.md +++ b/psa/005/004.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh despises violent and deceitful men -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Yahweh despises violent and deceitful men** - AT: "Yahweh, you hate men who do violent acts and deceive others." +Since David is speaking to God in this psalm, this sentence can be stated with the word "you." AT: "Yahweh, you despise violent and deceitful men" or "Yahweh, you hate men who do violent acts and deceive others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/007.md b/psa/005/007.md index 1dbf012601..738ca70560 100644 --- a/psa/005/007.md +++ b/psa/005/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# because of your great covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# your house -* **make your path straight before me** - AT: "show me clearly what you want me to do." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to God's temple. AT: "your temple" + +# lead me in your righteousness + +David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path and of teaching as leading. The phrase "your righteousness" means that God is righteous AT: "teach me to do what is righteous as you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make your path straight before me + +David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path. A straight path is easy to see or walk on. AT: "show me clearly how to live in the right way" or "make it easy for me to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/009.md b/psa/005/009.md index fabbe22374..4557950149 100644 --- a/psa/005/009.md +++ b/psa/005/009.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +David talks about his enemies. -## translationNotes +# For there is no truth in their mouth -* **their...they** - He is talking about his enemies. -* **their inward being is wicked ** - AT: "They want to destroy others;" -* **their throat is an open sepulchre - ** - ** AT: "their talk is cruel;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **schemes ** - "plans" -* **downfall** - "destruction" +Truth being in the mouth represents speaking truthfully. AT: "For they never say what is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their inward being is wicked + +The inward being represents people's thoughts and desires. AT: "their thoughts and desires are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their throat + +The throat represents people's speech. AT: "their speech" or "what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their throat is an open tomb + +Their throat is spoken of as if it were an open tomb, ready for dead bodies to put into it. Possible meanings are 1) "they say that they will kill people" or 2) "What they say kills people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they flatter with their tongue + +"they say nice things about people without really meaning it" + +# their tongue + +The tongue represents what people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# may their schemes be their downfall + +"may their schemes cause them to experience disasters" or "may they become less important because of their schemes" + +# schemes + +plans to harm people + +# downfall + +This is something that causes a person to experience disasters or to lose power. Experiencing disaster or becoming less important is spoken of as falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/011.md b/psa/005/011.md index 670dc9aacb..b8eb02e19b 100644 --- a/psa/005/011.md +++ b/psa/005/011.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# may all those who take refuge in you rejoice -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] +God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. AT: "May all those who go to you for protection rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# those who take refuge in you rejoice ... shout for joy because you defend them -* **may all those who take refuge in you rejoice** - AT: "Cause everyone who comes to you for protection to be very glad;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **those who take refuge in you rejoice ... shout for joy because you defend them** - These two clauses express similar thoughts. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **those who love your name** - AT: "those who love you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you will surround them with favor as with a shield** - "you protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield." (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +These two clauses express similar thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# take refuge in you + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who love your name + +God's name represents him. At: "those who love you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will surround them with favor as with a shield + +God's favor is spoken of as if it were a shield. AT: "you will favor them and protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield" or "because you are kind to them, you will protect them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/intro.md b/psa/005/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03231b3f0f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/005/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 005 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +God does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 5:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../004/intro.md) | [>>](../006/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/006/001.md b/psa/006/001.md index 5ed354e510..9c318322ce 100644 --- a/psa/006/001.md +++ b/psa/006/001.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]. -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **on stringed instruments,** - "people should play stringed instruments with this song," -* **set to the Sheminith style** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **my bones are shaking** - AT: "my whole body is shaking from fear." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# on stringed instruments + +"people should play stringed instruments with this song" + +# set to the Sheminith style + +This may refer to a style of music. + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# my bones are shaking + +The bones represent the whole body. His body may have been shaking because he was sick or extremely tired. AT: "my whole body is shaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/006/003.md b/psa/006/003.md index 1770397765..6de89dd76a 100644 --- a/psa/006/003.md +++ b/psa/006/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# very troubled -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +"terrified" or "worried" -## translationNotes +# how long will this continue? -* **Return** - AT: "Have mercy" or "Come back for me" -* **in death there is no remembrance of you ... In sheol who will give you thanks?** - Both of these clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **In sheol, who will give you thanks?** - The speaker puts this remark in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "The dead cannot praise you!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +David uses this question to show that he does not want to continue feeling weak and troubled. AT: please, do not let this continue!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Return, Yahweh + +David speaks of God being kind to him as God returning to him. AT: "Yahweh, come back to me" or "Have mercy on me, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Save me because of your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Save me because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For in death there is no remembrance of you. In Sheol who will give you thanks? + +These two sentences express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For in death there is no remembrance of you + +The abstract noun "remembrance" represents praise. AT: "For when people die, they no longer praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# In Sheol who will give you thanks? + +David uses this question to emphasize that no one in Sheol thanks God. AT: "No one in Sheol will give you thanks!" or "The dead cannot praise you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/006/006.md b/psa/006/006.md index 7ca27a27bc..5cb5233d7f 100644 --- a/psa/006/006.md +++ b/psa/006/006.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I am weary with my groaning -* [[en:tw:adversary]] +His groaning represents the pain or distress that he feels. AT: "I am very tired because of my pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I drench my bed with tears; I wash my couch away with my tears -* **I drench my bed with tears ... I wash my couch away with my tears** - Both of these clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I drench my bed with tears** - "I wet my bed with my tears;" -* **My eyes grow dim from grief** - AT: "I am grieving so much that I cannot see well;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I drench my bed with tears + +"I make my bed wet with my tears" or "My bed is very wet because of my tears" + +# I wash my couch away with my tears + +"I make my couch wet with my tears" + +# My eyes grow dim + +The ability to see is spoken of in terms of the eyes. AT: "My vision is blurry" or "I cannot see clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from grief + +Grief here represents crying. AT: "from crying" or "because I cry so much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/006/008.md b/psa/006/008.md index 707ca944f5..aeebcb993c 100644 --- a/psa/006/008.md +++ b/psa/006/008.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh has heard my appeal for mercy ... Yahweh has accepted my prayer -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +These two lines have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh has accepted my prayer -* **Yahweh has heard my appeal for mercy ... Yahweh has accepted my prayer** - These two lines have very similar meanings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **humiliated** - This means to be disgraced. +Being willing to do what David has prayed for is spoken of as accepting his prayer. AT: "Yahweh will respond to my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/006/intro.md b/psa/006/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b5603037f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/006/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 006 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 6 is a deliverance psalm: a call to God for help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trouble ##### +He is in deep trouble and needs God to help him in his difficult situation. But then God hears his prayer and scatters his enemies. + +##### First Person ##### + +This psalm is written using first person making its perspective very personal. There are many uses of the first person in this Psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 6:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../005/intro.md) | [>>](../007/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/001.md b/psa/007/001.md index f63e39aa02..050f3a8990 100644 --- a/psa/007/001.md +++ b/psa/007/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A musical composition of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A musical composition of David** - “This is a song that David wrote” -* **concerning the words of Cush the Benjamite** - AT: "about what Cush, a man from the tribe of Benjamin, said." -* **rip me apart like a lion, tearing me in pieces with no one else able to bring me to safety** - AT: "violently kill me with no one else to save me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"This is a song that David wrote" + +# concerning the words of Cush the Benjamite + +"concerning what Cush the Benjamite said" or "about what Cush, a man from the tribe of Benjamin, said" + +# take refuge in you! + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will rip me apart like a lion, tearing me in pieces + +David speaks of his enemies attacking him as if they would rip his body apart and tear it in pieces as a lion would. AT: "they will violently kill me like a lion ripping apart its victim's body and tearing it in pieces" or "they will violently kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# with no one else able to bring me to safety + +"and no one else will be able to save me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/003.md b/psa/007/003.md index f01a5acd6d..28948348d8 100644 --- a/psa/007/003.md +++ b/psa/007/003.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# there is guilt on my hands -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] - -## translationNotes - -* **there is no injustice on my hands** - "I am not guilty of any crime." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The hands represent what a person does. Having guilt on them represents having done something wrong. AT: "I am guilty of doing something wrong" or "I have sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/005.md b/psa/007/005.md index 692f7aa5ea..59fb6b8dc4 100644 --- a/psa/007/005.md +++ b/psa/007/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# my life -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:trample]] +The life represents the person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# overtake me -* **let him trample my living body on the ground** - AT: "allow my enemies to destroy me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **lying dishonored in the dust** - This means lying dead and unburied in disgrace. +This represents capturing him. AT: "capture me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let him trample my life to the ground + +Here "my life" represents the writer. AT: "allow him to destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lay my honor in the dust + +This refers to lying dead and unburied in disgrace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/006.md b/psa/007/006.md index a1f391b5fc..dc1ff39888 100644 --- a/psa/007/006.md +++ b/psa/007/006.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Arise, Yahweh, in your anger -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Arising represents doing something or taking action. AT: "Do something in your anger" or "Be angry at my enemies and take action: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# stand up against the rage of my enemies -* **for my sake** - "to help me" -* **the countries are assembled** - Here the word "countries" represents all of the armies that have gathered to attack. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Fighting against people is spoken of as standing up against them. AT: "fight against the rage of my enemies" or "attack my enemies who rage against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the rage of my enemies + +Their rage represents their attacks. AT: "the attacks of my enemies" or "my enemies who attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wake up + +Waking up represents starting to do something or take action. AT: "Take action" or "Do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for my sake + +"for me" or "to help me" + +# The countries are assembled + +Here the word "countries" represents all of the armies that have gathered to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# take once more your rightful place over them + +Ruling people is spoken of as being over them. Yahweh's rightful place refers either to heaven or to ruling in general. AT: "Rule over them from heaven" or "Rule over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/008.md b/psa/007/008.md index 89e3061478..65f1cb24d8 100644 --- a/psa/007/008.md +++ b/psa/007/008.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# vindicate me -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"show them that I am not guilty" -## translationNotes +# establish the righteous people -* **vindicate me** - AT: "free me" or "show that I am not guilty" -* **you who examine hearts and minds** - AT: "you who know our inner thoughts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"make the righteous people strong" or "make the righteous people prosper" + +# you who examine hearts and minds + +The hearts and minds represent people's desires and thoughts. AT: "you who know our inner thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/010.md b/psa/007/010.md index 0b3a3f9f3d..fbba0f19f2 100644 --- a/psa/007/010.md +++ b/psa/007/010.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# My shield comes from God -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +The word "shield" represents God's protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a God who is indignant each day -* **My shield comes from God** - The word "shield" represents God's protection. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a God who is indignant each day** - AT: "a God who is angry with the wicked every day." +Who God is angry with can be stated explicitly. AT: "a God who is angry with the wicked every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/012.md b/psa/007/012.md index 8aea0d142a..8fdc9cfb69 100644 --- a/psa/007/012.md +++ b/psa/007/012.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# God will sharpen his sword and will prepare his bow for battle -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] - -## translationNotes - -* **If a person does not repent, God will sharpen his sword** - AT: "If a person does not stop doing evil things, God will take actions against him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +In verses 12 and 13, David speaks of God deciding to punish the wicked as if God were a warrior preparing to fight against them with weapons. AT: "God will take action against him like a warrior who sharpens his sword and prepares his bow for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/014.md b/psa/007/014.md index 35234ba0a0..514f7dd193 100644 --- a/psa/007/014.md +++ b/psa/007/014.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# one who is pregnant with wickedness ... conceives destructive plans ... gives birth to harmful lies -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +David speaks of the things that a wicked person does as if the person were pregnant and wickedness was the baby. AT: "the wicked person. He makes plans to destroy people and produces harmful lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# His own destructive plans return to his own head, for his violence comes down on his own head -* **one who is pregnant with wickedness ... conceives destructive plans ... gives birth to harmful lies** - These three clauses use symbolic language to express very similar meanings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Destruction and violence are spoken of as if they hit a person's head or fall down on it. AT: "His own destructive plans destroy him, for his violence attacks him" or "When he plans to destroy others, others destroy him; when he attacks others, others attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/intro.md b/psa/007/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..22dc2fc146 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/007/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 007 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 7 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +The author had not wronged anyone, yet his enemy was trying to attack him. But he knew that God would protect him. + +##### Cush the Benjamite ##### +Note the superscription and the specific circumstances. There is no other reference to this incident in the Scriptures. But there are references to David being opposed by those of the tribe of Benjamin during the time he was serving King Saul. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 7:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../006/intro.md) | [>>](../008/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/008/001.md b/psa/008/001.md index 04d583cfc0..3196db0fd6 100644 --- a/psa/008/001.md +++ b/psa/008/001.md @@ -1,34 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]. -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to the gittith style** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **Yahweh our Lord** - AT: "Yahweh, you who are our Lord," or "Yahweh, you who rule over us," -* **how magnificent is your name in all the earth** - God's "name" represents his whole being. AT: "people all over the world know that you are very great!" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Out of the mouths of babies and infants you have created praise** - AT: "You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to the gittith style + +This may refer to a style of music. + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# how magnificent is your name in all the earth + +God's "name" represents his whole being. AT: "people all over the world know that you are very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have created praise + +Causing babies to praise God is spoken of as if the praise were an object that God created in the babies' mouths and made come out. AT: "You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/008/003.md b/psa/008/003.md index fe4f169477..312c38def1 100644 --- a/psa/008/003.md +++ b/psa/008/003.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your heavens, which your fingers have made -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] +God's fingers represent him. AT: "the heavens which you have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them? -* **your heavens, which your fingers have made** - AT: "the heavens which you have made," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them?** - These remarks have been expressed in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "It is amazing that you think about people and are concerned about them!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **crowned them with glory and honor** - The words "glory and honor" are similar in meaning. AT: "caused them to be like kings." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These remarks have been expressed in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "It is amazing that you think about people and are concerned about them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the human race ... mankind + +Both of these phrases refer to people in general. + +# have crowned them with glory and honor + +Glory and honor are spoken of as if they were crowns. The words "glory" and "honor" are similar in meaning. AT: "have given them glory and honor" or "have caused them to be like kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/008/006.md b/psa/008/006.md index c329d4c04c..d74cbdfa32 100644 --- a/psa/008/006.md +++ b/psa/008/006.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You make him to rule over the works ... you have put all things under his feet -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +These two clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# You make him ... under his feet -* **made him rule over the works ... put all things under his feet** - These two clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the works of your hands** - This means everything that God created. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **put all things under his feet** - This means that God gave his people authority over all creation. +"you make them ... under their feet." The words "him" and "his" here refer to people. + +# the works of your hands + +The hands represent what God has done. AT: "the things that you made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have put all things under his feet + +Having authority to rule others or control things is spoken of as having them under one's feet. This means God gave people authority over all that he created. AT: "you have given him authority over all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/008/009.md b/psa/008/009.md index 16bc328025..1fd96ecd8a 100644 --- a/psa/008/009.md +++ b/psa/008/009.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# how magnificent is your name in all the earth -* [[en:tw:name]] +With this exclamation, David shows his joy and awe about how great God is. AT: "your name is wonderfully magnificent in all the earth" or "people in all the earth know how magnificent you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# your name -* **magnificent** - "excellent" or "great" -* **your name** - God's "name" represents his whole being. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +God's "name" represents him or his reputation. AT: "your reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# magnificent + +"excellent" or "great" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/008/intro.md b/psa/008/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..121728ea86 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/008/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 008 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 8 is a psalm of worship and praise to God. This was to be sung by a choir. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's creation ##### +God has made awesome things in the universe and has exalted humans to be rulers over this creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]]) + +##### A Little Lower than the Heavenly Beings ##### + +[Psalms Psalm 8:4-6](./003.md) is quoted in [Hebrews 2:6-8](../../heb/02/05.md), where it is applied to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 8:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../007/intro.md) | [>>](../009/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/001.md b/psa/009/001.md index b67bb9c442..d6e98155b0 100644 --- a/psa/009/001.md +++ b/psa/009/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]. -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to Muth Labben** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **I will give thanks to Yahweh with my whole heart** - AT: " I will praise you Lord with all my heart;" -* **all your marvelous deeds** - AT: "all the marvelous things you have done." -* **I will sing praise to your name** - Here "name" represents God's whole being. AT: "I will give you praise," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Muth Labben + +This may refer to a style of music. + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# I will give thanks to Yahweh with my whole heart + +Since this song is addressed to Yahweh, Yahweh can be referred to as "you." AT: "Yahweh, I will give thanks to you with all my heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# all your marvelous deeds + +The noun "deeds" can be expressed with the verb "do." AT: "all the marvelous things you do" or "all the marvelous things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will sing praise to your name + +Here God's name represents God. AT: "I will sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/003.md b/psa/009/003.md index 0a99b88293..3c7a4b52b9 100644 --- a/psa/009/003.md +++ b/psa/009/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# turn back -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"retreat" or "flee in fear" -## translationNotes +# you sit on your throne, a righteous judge -* **turn back** - "retreat" or "flee in fear" -* **you sit on your throne** - The words "your throne" represent God's rule of heaven and earth. AT: "you rule heaven and earth," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a righteous judge** - AT: "judging everyone fairly" +Kings had authority to judge people, and they would sit on their throne when they judged. David speaks as if God were an earthly king. AT: "you judge like a king who sits on his throne, and you are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/005.md b/psa/009/005.md index 7d164a95ad..cafff462dc 100644 --- a/psa/009/005.md +++ b/psa/009/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# you have blotted out their name forever and ever -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +Causing people to be forgotten is spoken of as blotting out their name. AT: "you have caused them to be forgotten as if their name was blotted out" or "no one will ever remember them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# blotted out -* **blotted out** - "erased" -* **crumbled like ruins** - "fell down during battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"erased" + +# The enemy crumbled like ruins + +The enemy is spoken of as if it were a city full of broken down buildings. AT: "Our enemies were destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# when you overthrew their cities + +"when you destroyed their cities" + +# All remembrance of them has perished + +Here "remembrance" is spoken of as if it were a living being that could die. AT: "All remembrance of them has stopped" or "There is no longer any remembrance of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All remembrance of them has perished + +The abstract noun "remembrance" can be expressed with the verb "remember." AT: "No one remembers them at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/007.md b/psa/009/007.md index 47ab4dd2ef..e83b48b7f0 100644 --- a/psa/009/007.md +++ b/psa/009/007.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh remains forever -* [[en:tw:nation]] +"Remain" probably represents sitting on the throne as king. AT: "Yahweh sits on his throne forever" or "Yahweh rules forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# he has established his throne for justice -* **he establishes his throne for justice** - The words "his throne" represent God's rule. AT: "He rules justly." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He judges the world fairly ... He makes just decisions for the nations** - These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **He judges the world fairly** - Here "the world" means all of the people. AT: "He judges everyone fairly." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The phrase "his throne" represents God's rule. Possible meanings are 1) "He rules in order to judge people" or "He rules over people justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will judge the world with righteousness ... he will execute judgment for the nations with fairness + +These two clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will judge the world with righteousness + +Here "the world" refers to all the people in the world. AT: "He will judge all the people of the world righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/009.md b/psa/009/009.md index e9a26b7aeb..f7bfab3032 100644 --- a/psa/009/009.md +++ b/psa/009/009.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh also will be a stronghold for the oppressed -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +God is spoken of as if he were a place that people could go to for safety. AT: "Yahweh will also protect the oppressed" or "Yahweh will also provide safety for those who are oppressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# stronghold -* **stronghold** - "shelter" or "refuge" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Those who know your name** - Here the words "your name" represent God. AT: "Those who know you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **abandon** - "forsake" or "leave" +"refuge" or "shelter" + +# Those who know your name + +Here the words "your name" represent God. AT: "Those who know you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not abandon + +"do not forsake" or "do not leave" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/011.md b/psa/009/011.md index 60014ec88c..a3cf606c05 100644 --- a/psa/009/011.md +++ b/psa/009/011.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# who rules in Zion -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"who lives in Jerusalem" -## translationNotes +# tell the nations -* **who rules in Zion** - "who lives in Jerusalem;" -* **tell the nations** - Here "the nations" represent all of the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "the nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers + +What he remembers can be stated clearly. AT: "For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers those who were killed" or "For God remembers those who were killed and he punishes the killers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he does not forget the cry + +"He does not ignore the cry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/013.md b/psa/009/013.md index 04fb09e0c1..e282f984cf 100644 --- a/psa/009/013.md +++ b/psa/009/013.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# see how I am oppressed by those who hate me -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "see how those who hate me oppress me" or "see how badly my enemies treat me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# you who can snatch me from the gates of death -* **see how I am oppressed by those who hate me** - AT: "see how badly my enemies treat me," -* **snatch** - "keep" or "rescue" -* **the gates of death** - AT: "being killed." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter it. If someone is near the gates of death, it means that he will die soon. Keeping someone from dying is spoken of as taking him away from the gates of that city. AT: "you who can rescue me from death" or "you who can keep me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/015.md b/psa/009/015.md index efae7c3606..83f1c3fede 100644 --- a/psa/009/015.md +++ b/psa/009/015.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The nations have sunk down into the pit that they made -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] +People dig pits in order to catch animals that fall into them. Here digging a pit represents making plans to destroy people. AT: "The nations are like people who dig a pit for others and then fall into it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# their feet are caught in the net that they hid -* **the nations have sunk down into the pit that they made; their feet are caught in the net that they hid** - The words "pit" and "net" represent the evil plans that wicked people made. AT: "The nations have failed and their own evil plans have destroyed them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **ensnared** - "trapped" or "caught" +People hide nets in order to catch animals that get caught in them. Here hiding a net represents making plans to destroy people. AT: "they are like people who hide a net and get trapped in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ensnared + +"trapped" or "caught." This represents being destroyed. AT: "destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/017.md b/psa/009/017.md index 2eb1d4a705..0d2d85a3c8 100644 --- a/psa/009/017.md +++ b/psa/009/017.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# turned back -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +"rejected" -## translationNotes +# the destiny of all the nations that forget God -* **turned back** - "rejected" -* **not always** - "never" -* **forever dashed** - AT: "ignored" +"where all the nations that forget God will be" + +# For the needy will not always be forgotten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not always forget the needy" or "God will remember the needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nor will the hopes of the oppressed be forever dashed + +Hopes are spoken of as if they were objects that could be broken or destroyed. Hopes being destroyed represents the things that people hope for never happening. AT: "and the oppressed will not hope forever without results" or "and someday what the oppressed hope for will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/019.md b/psa/009/019.md index 5e5db1c970..7e59f8b51b 100644 --- a/psa/009/019.md +++ b/psa/009/019.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Arise -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Getting up represents starting to do something. AT: "Do something" or "Take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# man -* **man** - AT: "wicked people" -* **may the nations be judged in you sight** - AT: "judge the nations in your presence." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Terrify them, Yahweh** - AT: "Put fear in them, Yahweh," -* **may the nations know** - AT: "and cause the nations to realize" +"people" + +# be judged + +Here judging represents punishing. AT: "be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in your sight + +Here sight represents presence. AT: "in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# may the nations be judged in your sight + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "judge the nations in your presence" or "take the nations into your presence and punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/intro.md b/psa/009/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f4769ba79d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/009/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Psalm 009 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 9 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +God is a protector. He is all-powerful and his enemies cannot withstand him. + +##### Acrostic Psalm ##### + +This psalm along with Psalm 10 form an acrostic. Which means that each unit begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. + +##### One Psalm or two ##### + +This psalm has a superscription but Psalm 10 doesn't. This fact and the acrostic nature of the two psalms has lead some scholars to believe these two psalms may have originally been written as one psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 9:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../008/intro.md) | [>>](../010/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/001.md b/psa/010/001.md index 0cc12b4d66..d309dc2470 100644 --- a/psa/010/001.md +++ b/psa/010/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Why, Yahweh, do you stand far off? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble? -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]. -* **Why, Yahweh, do you stand far off? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble?** - AT: "Yahweh, it seems that you are very far away!" AT: "Yahweh, It seems as though you hide from me whenever I am in trouble." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **schemes** - "plans" -* **his deepest desires** - AT: "the evil things that he wants to do." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **greedy** - This is a when someone desires more things selfishly. +The speaker uses these questions to express his distress that God has not helped him. AT: "Yahweh, it seems as though you are far away from me and you hide from me whenever I am in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# schemes + +"plans" + +# the wicked person + +This refers to wicked people in general. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# his deepest desires + +The noun "desires" can be expressed with the verb "want. "AT: "the things that he wants very much to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the greedy + +"greedy people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/004.md b/psa/010/004.md index a5605ef663..6af0eb97b6 100644 --- a/psa/010/004.md +++ b/psa/010/004.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The wicked man -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +This refers here to wicked people in general. AT: "the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# has a raised face -* **the wicked man** - In this phrase, "the wicked man" is representing many wicked people. (See UDB) -* **he does not care at all about him** - AT: "he has no concern for him." or "they have no concern for him." -* **He is secure at all times** - He is not really secure, but he seems to be secure to others. (See UDB) -* **snorts** - This means to make an offensive sound with the nose and mouth. +A raised face represents pride or arrogance. AT: "has an arrogant attitude" or "is proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he does not seek God + +Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "he does not ask God for help" or "he does not think about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He is secure at all times + +"He is safe at all times." He is not really safe, but he thinks that he is. + +# your righteous decrees are too high for him + +Something that is hard to understand is spoken of as if it were too high to reach. AT: "he cannot understand your righteous decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he snorts at all his enemies + +People snort at their enemies when they think that their enemies are weak and worthless. AT: "he thinks that all his enemies are weak and worthless" or "he sneers at all his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# he snorts + +This means that he blows air out noisily through his nose. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/006.md b/psa/010/006.md index 96a29868ee..61e05ef4f3 100644 --- a/psa/010/006.md +++ b/psa/010/006.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He says -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +"The wicked man says" -## translationNotes +# throughout all generations -* **He says** - "The wicked man says" -* **adversity** - This is a very difficult situation. -* **His mouth is full of cursing and deceptive, harmful words** - The "mouth" represents a place where evil speech comes from. AT: "He is lying and saying evil things about people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his tongue injures and destroys** - Here the "tongue" represents his evil speech. AT: "he speaks words that threaten and hurt people." +This probably simply means "forever." + +# I will not meet adversity + +Experiencing adversity is spoken of as meeting it. AT: "I will not have any troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His mouth is full of cursing and deceptive, harmful words + +What people say is spoken of as being in their mouth. AT: "He always curses people and says things that are deceptive and harmful" or "He always curses people, tells lies, and threatens to harm people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his tongue injures and destroys + +Here the tongue represents speaking. AT: or "what he says injures and destroys people" or "he speaks words that threaten and hurt people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/008.md b/psa/010/008.md index ba03c14af9..e6d81afc4c 100644 --- a/psa/010/008.md +++ b/psa/010/008.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He waits in ambush -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +The word "he" refers to the wicked man. -## translationNotes +# his eyes look for some helpless victim -* **He waits in ambush** - The word "he" refers to the wicked man. -* **He lurks in secret like a lion in the thicket** - The evil man hides in waiting for the weak, the same way the lion waits for its prey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **lurk** - This means to hide or wait with intent to harm or kill. -* **strong nets** - The word "nets" represents the plans the wicked man has made to destroy others. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The eyes represent him. AT: "he looks for some helpless victim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He lurks in secret like a lion in the thicket + +This speaks of the wicked person as if he were a lion. AT: "He hides while he waits for the weak to walk near him, the same way a lion quietly waits in the bush for the animal it wants to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# lurks + +This means to hide or wait with intent to harm or kill. + +# he lies in wait + +"lies down waiting" or "he hides and waits" + +# He catches the oppressed when he pulls in his net + +The writer speaks of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter using a net to catch animals. AT: "He catches the oppressed like a hunter that catches an animal in a net and drags it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they fall into his strong nets + +The writer continues to speak of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter, his plans were nets, and the people were animals that fall into his net. AT: "his victims are caught by his plans like animals that fall into a hunter's strong nets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/011.md b/psa/010/011.md index cd3d664af7..8003639acf 100644 --- a/psa/010/011.md +++ b/psa/010/011.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He says -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +The word "He" refers to the wicked person, and to wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# God has forgotten -* **He says** - AT: "The wicked people say" -* **his heart** - AT: "their hearts," -* **God has forgotten** - AT: "God does not care;" -* **he covers his face** - AT: "God refuses to see what is happening;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **lift up your hand** - Here "your hand" represents God's power to punish. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Refusing to pay attention to what people do is spoken of as forgetting. AT: "God does not pay attention" or "God does not care about what I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he covers his face + +Refusing to pay attention to what someone does is spoken of as covering one's face. AT: "God refuses to see what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will not bother to look + +Paying attention to what someone does is spoken of as looking at it. AT: "he will not bother to pay attention" or "he will not care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Arise + +Starting to do something is spoken of as getting up. AT: "Do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lift up your hand + +Here lifting the hand to hit someone represents punishing him. AT: "Hit him hard" or "Punish the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/013.md b/psa/010/013.md index 171036221f..1899f26dd1 100644 --- a/psa/010/013.md +++ b/psa/010/013.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Why does the wicked man reject God and say ... "You will not hold me accountable"? -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] +The speaker uses this question to show that he is very sad that wicked people do these things. AT: "Wicked people are always rejecting God and saying ... 'You will not hold me accountable.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# You will not hold me accountable -* **Why does the wicked man** - The words "wicked man" represent "wicked people." AT: "Wicked people are always rejecting God!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **his heart** - AT: "their hearts," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"You will not require me to tell you why I do what I do." Holding someone accountable here represents punishing him. AT: "You will not punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/015.md b/psa/010/015.md index 2496407813..741ae887b9 100644 --- a/psa/010/015.md +++ b/psa/010/015.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Break the arm of the wicked and evil man -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here "arm" represents power. AT: "Destroy the power of the wicked and evil man" or "Make the wicked and evil man weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# wicked and evil -* **Break the arm of the wicked and evil man** - Here "the arm" represents the power of wicked and evil people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **wicked and evil** - These words have the same meaning. You can use one word to express both concepts. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **him ... his ... he** - These words may be written in the plural: "them ... their ... they" -* **the nations are driven out of his land** - AT: "you will cause the wicked to leave your land." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These words have the same meaning. You can use one word to express both concepts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Make him account for his evil deeds + +Making someone account for his evil deeds represents punishing him. AT: "Punish him for the evil things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations are driven out of his land + +This can be stated in active form. "Yahweh forces the people of other nations to leave his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/017.md b/psa/010/017.md index 0e6e5e23ca..77ea713fbc 100644 --- a/psa/010/017.md +++ b/psa/010/017.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you have heard the needs of the oppressed -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +It is implied that the oppressed people cried out to God. AT: "when oppressed people cried out to you, you listened to them tell you what they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# you strengthen their heart -* **needs** - "cries" -* **you strengthen their heart** - AT: "you give them strength;" or "you make their hearts strong;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **no man** - "no one" -* **cause terror again** - AT: "cause people to be very afraid again." +A strong heart represents courage, and making people's hearts strong represents encouraging them. AT: "you encourage them" or "you make them confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# no man ... will cause terror again + +"no one ... will cause people to be afraid again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/intro.md b/psa/010/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de80fb6318 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/010/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 010 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Evil people ##### +The wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) + +##### Second half of Psalm 9 ##### + +As noted in the intro to the last psalm, this one is part of an acrostic poem. This psalm covers the last half on the Hebrew alphabet. It also does not have a superscription to introduce it. However, the psalms do separate well on the subjects they address. One addresses thanksgiving and praise whereas Psalm 10 is a lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 10:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../009/intro.md) | [>>](../011/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/011/001.md b/psa/011/001.md index 7f0941524d..ad1ea4aa2d 100644 --- a/psa/011/001.md +++ b/psa/011/001.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:chief|chief]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **I take refuge in Yahweh** - A "refuge" is a kind of shelter. Here it represents the protection that Yahweh can provided. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **how will you say to me, "Flee like a bird to the mountain?"** - AT: "So do not ask me to run away!" ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For see! The wicked prepare their bows. They make ready their arrows on the strings to shoot in the darkness at the upright in heart** - AT: "Look! the wicked are preparing to attack upright people." +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# take refuge in Yahweh + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to Yahweh for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how will you say to me, "Flee like a bird to the mountain"? + +This question is asked to provide emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "So do not ask me to run away!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For see! The wicked prepare their bows. They make ready their arrows on the strings to shoot in the darkness at the upright in heart + +"Look! the wicked are preparing to attack upright people" + +# upright in heart + +Here "upright in heart" refers to godly or righteous people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/011/003.md b/psa/011/003.md index 10a23d7db9..3a6d429ef1 100644 --- a/psa/011/003.md +++ b/psa/011/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For if the foundations are ruined, what can the righteous do? -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Here "the foundations" may refer to law and order. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Righteous people cannot do anything when evil people are not punished when they disobey the laws!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of mankind -* **For if the foundations are ruined, what can the righteous do?** - AT: "What can the righteous do when evil people are not punished when they disobey the laws?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **children of men** - "humanity" -* **his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of men** - AT: "He examines all that humanity does." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." Yahweh is aware of everything that happens. AT: "He examines all that humanity does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# children of mankind + +"humanity" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/011/005.md b/psa/011/005.md index a4150e558f..0485d9923c 100644 --- a/psa/011/005.md +++ b/psa/011/005.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# examines -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +"watches carefully" -## translationNotes +# do violence -* **examines** - AT: "watches carefully" -* **do violence** - AT: "hurt others." -* **He rains burning coals and brimstone upon the wicked: a scorching wind will be their portion from his cup!** - AT: "He punishes the wicked; there will be no relief for them! (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **brimstone** - This is another name for sulphur. -* **see his face** - AT: "be in his presence forever." -* **Selah** - AT: "Think about these things." +"hurt others" + +# He rains burning coals and brimstone upon the wicked; a scorching wind will be their portion from his cup! + +God's punishment is described as if it were burning coals and brimstone from a volcano. AT: "He punishes the wicked; there will be no relief for them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brimstone + +This is another name for sulphur. + +# see his face + +"be in his presence" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/011/intro.md b/psa/011/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..440460edde --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/011/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 011 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice ##### +The wicked people try to destroy the good people but God knows everything that is being done and he saves the good people and destroys the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 11:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../010/intro.md) | [>>](../012/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/012/001.md b/psa/012/001.md index 0f9837b06e..4e96df1a4c 100644 --- a/psa/012/001.md +++ b/psa/012/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:godly|godly, godliness]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to the Sheminith** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:006:001]]. -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **Help, Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh, come to my aid," -* **faithful have vanished** - "faithful people have all vanished." +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to the Sheminith + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 6:1](../006/001.md). + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Help, Yahweh + +"Yahweh, come to my aid" + +# faithful have vanished + +"faithful people have all vanished" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/012/002.md b/psa/012/002.md index c97e0475bc..20aa524b6a 100644 --- a/psa/012/002.md +++ b/psa/012/002.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Everyone says ... everyone speaks -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The two occurrences of "everyone" are exaggerations, used to emphasize that this is true of very many people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# everyone speaks with flattering lips and a double heart -* **everyone says ... everyone speaks** - The word "everyone" in both clauses is used to emphasize that the problem is serious. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **flattering lips** - AT: "false praise" -* **a double heart** - AT: "words that deceive." -* **cut off all flattering lips** - "stop them from speaking false praise," -* **every tongue declaring great things** - "every person who is boasting," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **"With our tongues will we prevail** - Here "our tongues" represent the many words that they speak. AT: "Speaking many words will make us victorious." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who can be lord over us?** - AT: "no one can rule over us!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "lips" is a metonym for what people say, and "a double heart" is a metaphor for deception. AT: "everyone speaks with flattering words and deception" or "everyone praises people falsely and tells lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cut off all flattering lips + +Here "flattering lips" is a metonym for people who flatter others. Possible meanings are 1) "cut off" is a metaphor for killing. AT: "kill all who flatter others" or 2) "cut off" is a metaphor for stopping something. AT: "stop all those who flatter others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# every tongue declaring great things + +Here "every tongue" represents every person who declares great things. AT: "every person who boasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# With our tongues will we prevail + +Here the word "tongues" represents what people say. AT: "We will prevail because of what we say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will we prevail + +"we will succeed" or "we will win" or "we will be victorious" + +# When our lips speak + +Here the "lips" represents the people who speak. AT: "When we speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# who can be master over us? + +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that they believed no one could rule over them. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "no one can rule over us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/012/005.md b/psa/012/005.md index ec670a198e..c2d38c7730 100644 --- a/psa/012/005.md +++ b/psa/012/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# groans +These are deep sounds that people make because of pain or some strong emotion. -## translationNotes +# I will arise," says Yahweh -* **groans** - These are deep sounds that people make because of pain or some strong emotion. -* **I will arise," says Yahweh** - This means Yahweh will do something to help the people. +This means Yahweh will do something to help the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/012/006.md b/psa/012/006.md index 386fb4a0b9..2daf5e1e3e 100644 --- a/psa/012/006.md +++ b/psa/012/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# like silver purified in a furnace on the earth, refined seven times -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh's words are compared to silver that has been purified. AT: "they are without any imperfection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# You keep them -* **like silver purified in a furnace on the earth, refined seven times** - AT: "they are without any imperfection." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **You keep them** - AT: "You keep the righteous people safe." -* **walk on every side** - AT: "surround us" -* **when evil is exalted among the sons of men** - AT: "when evil is praised among the people everywhere." +"You keep the righteous people safe" + +# walk on every side + +"surround us" + +# when evil is exalted among the children of mankind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when people everywhere are praising evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# children of mankind + +"human beings" or "people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/012/intro.md b/psa/012/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..065a47d0c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/012/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 012 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 12 is a judgment psalm, where the author asks God to judge and punish the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh saves ##### +There are so many wicked people now and they are proud of their evil. But God will save the poor who call out to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) + +##### Words ##### +This relatively short psalm focuses on the words people use. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 12:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../011/intro.md) | [>>](../013/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/013/001.md b/psa/013/001.md index b749823751..f6a7895e30 100644 --- a/psa/013/001.md +++ b/psa/013/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **How long, Yahweh, will ... forgetting about me?** - AT: "Yahweh, it seems that you have forgotten about me!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **How long ... face from me?** - The words "your face" represent God's whole being. AT: "It seems like you are hiding from me!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **How long will my enemy triumph over me?** - AT: "Surely my enemies will not always defeat me!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) and (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# How long, Yahweh, will you keep forgetting about me? + +This question is asked to get the reader's attention and to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh, it seems that you have forgotten about me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How long ... face from me? + +The words "your face" represent God's whole being. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems like you are hiding from me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How long will my enemy triumph over me? + +This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely my enemies will not always defeat me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/013/003.md b/psa/013/003.md index af223fc9e3..f193bbd62e 100644 --- a/psa/013/003.md +++ b/psa/013/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Look at me and answer me -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +"Give me your attention and listen to me" -## translationNotes +# Give light to my eyes -* **Look at me and answer me** - AT: "Give me your attention and listen to me," -* **Enlighten my eyes** - This is a way of asking for strength. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **or I will sleep in death** - To "sleep in death" means "to die." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **when I am brought down** - AT: "when I fall" or "when I lose." -* **me, my, I, him** - David is referring to himself as he speaks to God. +This is a way of asking for strength. AT: "Make me strong again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# or I will sleep in death + +To "sleep in death" means to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Do not let my enemy say ... so that my enemy may not say + +"Do not let my enemy say about me ... so that my enemy may not say about me" + +# when I am brought down + +"when I fall" or "when they defeat me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/013/005.md b/psa/013/005.md index 9be5472592..48c5831457 100644 --- a/psa/013/005.md +++ b/psa/013/005.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I have trusted in your covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "I have trusted that you are faithful to your covenant" or "I have trusted you because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# my heart rejoices in your salvation -* **my heart rejoices in your salvation** - Here "my heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I will rejoice because you have rescued me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "my heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I will rejoice because you have rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/013/intro.md b/psa/013/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0d480b210d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/013/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 013 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 13 is a psalm of deliverance because the psalmist is calling on God to deliver him from death and his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +The author needs God to help him because his enemies will rejoice if they are able to defeat him. The string of rhetorical questions is very effective at heightening the fear David is feeling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 13:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../012/intro.md) | [>>](../014/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/001.md b/psa/014/001.md index 0ecaed1764..9266131074 100644 --- a/psa/014/001.md +++ b/psa/014/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **They are corrupt** - The word "they" refers to all human beings. +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# A fool says in his heart + +This is an idiom that means to say to oneself or to think to oneself. AT: "A foolish person says to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They are corrupt + +The word "they" refers to all foolish human beings who say there is no God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/002.md b/psa/014/002.md index 05ff8c5930..d0d5bba956 100644 --- a/psa/014/002.md +++ b/psa/014/002.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# children of mankind -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +This phrase refers to all humans. -## translationNotes +# who seek after him -* **sons of mankind** - This phrase refers to all humans. -* **who seek after him** - "who look for Yahweh" -* **has turned aside** - AT: "has turned away from;" -* **filthy** - Here "filthy" refers to sinfulness, not physical filth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +This describes those who desire to know God as if they were actually following him on a path. AT: "who desire to know him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They have all turned away + +This describes people who have rejected God as if they had stopped walking on the right path and had gone in another direction. AT: "They have all turned away from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/004.md b/psa/014/004.md index 218cb97194..262a0675ff 100644 --- a/psa/014/004.md +++ b/psa/014/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do they not know anything ... who do not call on Yahweh? -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "They act as if they do not know anything ... who do not call on Yahweh. But they know what they are doing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# those who commit iniquity -* **Will they not know anything ... who do not call on Yahweh?** - The writer puts this verse in the form of a question to add emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **those who commit iniquity** - AT: "those who behave in evil ways," -* **those who eat up my people** - Just as people "eat" bread, those who do evil things destroy God's people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The abstract nouns "iniquity" can be stated as "evil deeds." AT: "those who do evil deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# those who eat up my people + +This refers to those who do evil things and destroy God's people as if they were eating food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/005.md b/psa/014/005.md index afc6aaea7f..17aa8d4105 100644 --- a/psa/014/005.md +++ b/psa/014/005.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They tremble -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +The word "they" refers to those who do evil things. -## translationNotes +# God is with the righteous assembly -* **They tremble** - The word "they" refers to those who do evil things. -* **You want** - The word "you" refers to the wicked. -* **to humiliate the poor person** - AT: "to make the poor person feel ashamed" -* **Yahweh is his refuge** - AT: "Yahweh is like a shelter of protection to him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +To say that "God is with" those who are righteous means that he helps them. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "God helps those who act righteously" or "God helps those who do the right things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You want + +The word "you" here refers to the wicked people. + +# to humiliate the poor person + +"to make the person who is poor feel ashamed" + +# Yahweh is his refuge + +This speaks of the protection that Yahweh provides as if he were a shelter that one might seek in a storm. AT: "Yahweh is like a shelter of protection to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/007.md b/psa/014/007.md index 98e5a5b349..852413f2d5 100644 --- a/psa/014/007.md +++ b/psa/014/007.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion! -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This is an exclamation. The writer is saying what he wishes or longs for God to do. AT: "I wish so much that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion! -* **Oh, that the salvation of Isreal would come from Zion!** - David is saying he longs for help from God in Jerusalem. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Jacob** - Here "Jacob" refers to the people of Isreal, the descendents of Jacob. +Here "the salvation of Israel" is a metonym for Yahweh, the one who saves Israel. AT: "Oh, that Yahweh would come from Zion and save Israel!" or "I wish that Yahweh would come from Zion and rescue his people Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad + +These two phrases mean the same thing. Here both "Jacob" and "Israel" represent the people of Israel. The two phrases can be combined in the translation. AT: "then all the people of Israel will rejoice greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/intro.md b/psa/014/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0d7820aff --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/014/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 014 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Evil people ##### +Wicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 14:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../013/intro.md) | [>>](../015/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/015/001.md b/psa/015/001.md index 7ff45d517b..8c421ccb9d 100644 --- a/psa/015/001.md +++ b/psa/015/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **who may live on your holy hill** - ALT: "who may live in your holy place" +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Who may live on your holy hill? + +God's "holy hill" represents God's temple, which was on Mount Zion. AT: "Who may live in your holy place?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# speaks truth from his heart + +"speaks honestly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/015/003.md b/psa/015/003.md index a30469f7ca..0a7b447893 100644 --- a/psa/015/003.md +++ b/psa/015/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +This refers to the righteous person in [Psalms 15:02](./001.md). -## translationNotes +# He does not slander with his tongue -* **He** - AT: "This kind of person" -* **He does not slander with his tongue** - Here "tongue" represents evil speech. ALT: "He does not say evil things about," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **harm** - "hurt" or "damage" +Here "tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "He does not slander people with his speech" or "He does not say evil things about innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# harm + +"hurt" or "damage" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/015/004.md b/psa/015/004.md index c55914d841..e9099bb70b 100644 --- a/psa/015/004.md +++ b/psa/015/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The worthless person is despised in his eyes, but he honors those who fear Yahweh -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] +"Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God" -## translationNotes +# The worthless person -* **The worthless person is despised in his eyes, but he honors ... fear Yahweh** - AT: "Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God." +"The wicked person" or "The person who has rejected Yahweh" + +# will never be shaken + +Here "to be shaken" represents not living safely any longer. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will live in safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/015/intro.md b/psa/015/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..293cd020b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/015/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Psalm 015 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Godliness ##### +This psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Moral Conditions for Worship ##### + +Scholars have noted that this psalm contains a list of ten different conditions for those who want to participate in worship at the temple. The list consists of three positives in verse 2, 3 negatives in verse 3, two positives in verse 4, followed by two negatives in verse 5. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + + + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 15:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../014/intro.md) | [>>](../016/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/001.md b/psa/016/001.md index 6c66fd04cf..573a8ab3b8 100644 --- a/psa/016/001.md +++ b/psa/016/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A michtam of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A michtam of David** - The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **take refuge** - AT: "seek protection" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **As for the saints** - AT: "As for the believers" +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." + +# take refuge in you + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the holy people who are on the earth + +Here "holy people" refers to God's own people who trust him. AT: "your people who live in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/004.md b/psa/016/004.md index ae8f7ee6a4..59b3aed678 100644 --- a/psa/016/004.md +++ b/psa/016/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Their troubles will be ... gods -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:drinkoffering]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The troubles of those who seek other gods will increase" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# pour out ... blood to their gods -* **Their troubles wil be increased** - AT: "The troubles of those who seek other gods will increase," -* **lift up their names with my lips** - Lifting up "their names with my lips" represents praising the other gods. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"pour out blood as a sacrifice to their gods" + +# or lift up their names with my lips + +Lifting up their names is a metaphor for praising them, and "lips" is a metonym for what one says. AT: "or praise them with my words" or "and I will not praise their gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/005.md b/psa/016/005.md index d3fbb2d8f5..926e677e7f 100644 --- a/psa/016/005.md +++ b/psa/016/005.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my chosen portion -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] +Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a portion of land that has been given to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my cup -* **my cup** - The word "cup" represents the one who gives blessings. AT: "the one who blesses me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Measuring lines have been laid for me** - AT: "The place you have provided for me is pleasant." -* **You hold on to my destiny** - AT: "You determine my future." +Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a cup that contains many blessings. AT: "the one who blesses me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You hold onto my destiny + +"You determine my future" + +# Measuring lines ... in pleasant places + +Here laying down measuring lines is a metonym for measuring land and giving it to someone, and here this is a metaphor for God blessing David in many great ways. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have measured off land for me in pleasant places" or "You have given me land in pleasant places" or "You bless me like one who gives land in pleasant places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Measuring lines + +These are ropes that people use to measure a plot of land and mark its boundaries. + +# surely a pleasing inheritance is mine + +Here David speaks of Yahweh's blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. AT: "I am delighted with all the things that he has given me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/007.md b/psa/016/007.md index eb77542614..75b0bd35c6 100644 --- a/psa/016/007.md +++ b/psa/016/007.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I set Yahweh before me at all times -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +"I always remember that Yahweh is with me" -## translationNotes +# so I will not be shaken from his right hand -* There are no Translation Notes for this section. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing will take me away from his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/009.md b/psa/016/009.md index 6f04436d65..67247eea3d 100644 --- a/psa/016/009.md +++ b/psa/016/009.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +David continues to speak to God. -## translationNotes +# Therefore my heart is glad; my glory is rejoicing -* David continues to speak to God. -* **Therefore my heart is glad … my honored heart exalts him** - The speaker is saying that it brings him honor to be able to praise God. Both of these clauses express very similar meanings. AT: "Therefore I am glad; I am honored to praise him," (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **my heart … my honored heart** - Here the "heart" represents the speaker's thoughts and emotions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The speaker is saying that it brings him honor to be able to praise God. Both of these clauses express very similar meanings. AT: "Therefore I am glad; I am honored to praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my heart + +Here the "heart" represents the speaker's thoughts and emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my glory + +Many versions, including the UDB, interpret "my glory" to mean the heart of the writer, who is honored to rejoice because of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/011.md b/psa/016/011.md index 5fb790507d..1732cc2547 100644 --- a/psa/016/011.md +++ b/psa/016/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# abundant -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +"great" or "a large amount of" -## translationNotes +# joy resides in your presence -* **abundant** - "great" or "a large amount of" -* **joy resides in your presence** - The writer speaks of "joy" as if it were a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **in your right hand** - The words "right hand" indicate being in God's special presence. AT: "when I am near you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The writer speaks of "joy" as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in your right hand + +The words "right hand" indicate being in God's special presence. AT: "when I am near you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/intro.md b/psa/016/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60a571b6e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/016/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 016 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 16 is a psalm of praise, thanking God for all his mercies. The New Testament considers this psalm to be a messianic psalm: a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +God has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ's resurrection when it says that he is God's anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +The term "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this term, but in the end no one is certain what it means. So it is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you are welcome to translate it as "psalm." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 16:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../015/intro.md) | [>>](../017/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/001.md b/psa/017/001.md index 2fcc63df46..1997370bf1 100644 --- a/psa/017/001.md +++ b/psa/017/001.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A prayer of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A prayer of David** - "This is a prayer that David wrote." -* **Give ear to my prayer from lips without deceit** - "Listen to my prayer which does not come from lying lips" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Let my vindication come from your presence** - AT "In your presence I will be declared innocent" -* **let your eyes see what is right!** - "you know what is true and right!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"This is a prayer that David wrote." + +# Give ear to my prayer from lips without deceit + +The phrase "give ear" is a metaphor for listening, and "lips without deceit" is synecdoche for a person who does not lie. AT: "Listen to my prayer for I speak without deceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Let my vindication come from your presence + +Vindication coming from God represents God judging someone and declaring him innocent. God's "presence" is a metonym for God himself. AT: "Let my vindication come from you" or "Declare that I am innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let your eyes see what is right! + +Here "your eyes" is synecdoche for God himself, and "see" is a metaphor for paying attention and firmly deciding to do something. AT: "please see what is right" or "do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/003.md b/psa/017/003.md index 3b597a930e..a62613381b 100644 --- a/psa/017/003.md +++ b/psa/017/003.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If you test my heart, if you come to me in the night -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] +Here "test my heart" means to examine my thoughts and motives. AT: "If you examine my thoughts in the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# my mouth will not transgress -* **If you test my heart, if you come to me in the night** - AT: "Though you examine my heart, when you know my thoughts in the night" -* **my mouth will not transgress** - AT: "I will not tell lies or sin with my words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the mouth is spoken of as if it were capable of acting on its own. It also represents the words that a person speaks. AT: "I will not tell lies or sin with my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/004.md b/psa/017/004.md index 4ade6c1f09..892ac0615f 100644 --- a/psa/017/004.md +++ b/psa/017/004.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# it is at the word of your lips that I have kept myself from the ways of the lawless -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here "the word of your lips" is a metonym for God's instruction, and "the ways of the lawless" is a metaphor for the things that lawless people do. AT: "it is by obeying your instruction that I have kept myself from doing the things that lawless people do" or "your instruction has caused me to avoid doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# My steps have held firmly to your tracks; my feet have not slipped -* **it is at the words of your lips that I have kept myself from the ways of the lawless** - AT: "your instruction has caused me to avoid doing wicked things." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my feet have not slipped** - "I am determined to follow your ways." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Both of these clauses mean the same thing. The repetition adds emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my feet have not slipped + +The writer speaks of his obedience to God as if he were walking on a path. AT: "I am determined to follow your ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/006.md b/psa/017/006.md index 993b3105f8..0f3922e38a 100644 --- a/psa/017/006.md +++ b/psa/017/006.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# turn your ear to me ... listen when I speak -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +These phrases mean the same thing. Here "your ear" refers to God's willingness to hear someone who prays to him. AT: "pay attention to me ... listen when I speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Show your covenant faithfulness in a wonderful way -* **turn your ear to me** - AT: "pay attention to me" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your right hand** - AT: "your mighty power" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Show in a wonderful way that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your right hand + +The "right hand" refers to God's power. AT: "your mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# take refuge in you + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/008.md b/psa/017/008.md index b8862e92bb..e98c0759a2 100644 --- a/psa/017/008.md +++ b/psa/017/008.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Protect me like the apple of your eye -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +The "apple of your eye" refers to something that is valuable. AT: "Protect me as you would something most valuable and precious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# hide me under the shadow of your wings -* **Protect me like the apple of your eye** - "Protect me as you would something most valuable and precious;" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **hide me under the shadow of your wings** - "Keep me safe as a mother bird protects her babies by gathering them under her wing" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **their mouths speak with pride** - AT: "they are always boasting." "Their mouths" represents the people who speak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +David speaks of God's protection as if he were a bird protecting its young under its wings. AT: "Keep me safe as a mother bird protects her babies by gathering them under her wing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their mouths speak with pride + +Here "their mouths speak" represents his enemies when they speak. AT: "they speak with pride" or "they are always boasting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/011.md b/psa/017/011.md index af123d9876..9333ffaa4a 100644 --- a/psa/017/011.md +++ b/psa/017/011.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They have surrounded my steps -* [[en:tw:lion]] +Here "surrounded my steps" represents how David's enemies have followed him everywhere he goes in order to capture him. AT: "My enemies have surrounded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# like a lion eager for a victim, like a young lion crouching in hidden places -* **like a lion eager for a victim ... a young lion crouching in hidden places** - These two phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They are like a lion** - The writer feels pursued the way a lion hunts its prey (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +These two phrases express very similar ideas. The repetition adds intensity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They are like a lion ... like a young lion + +The writer feels pursued the way a lion hunts its prey (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/013.md b/psa/017/013.md index 65d990d550..e8da7c5a6e 100644 --- a/psa/017/013.md +++ b/psa/017/013.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Rescue my life from the wicked by your sword ... Rescue me from men by your hand, Yahweh, from men of this world -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two clauses have similar meanings. The repetition adds intensity to the writer's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# by your sword ... by your hand -* **by your sword!** - "by your great power!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches** - AT: "You will bless your people richly;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "sword" and "hand" both represent the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches + +The ancient text is hard to understand. Possible meanings are 1) "treasured" is a metaphor for loved, and "your treasured ones" refers to the people whom God loves. AT: "you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches" or 2) "your treasured ones" refers to treasures that God gives to people, the "men of this world." AT: "you will fill their bellies with rich treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will fill the bellies ... with riches + +Here "fill the bellies ... with riches" is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. Possible meanings are 1) "You will give many riches to the people you love" or 2) "you will give the men of this world many riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/015.md b/psa/017/015.md index 835657a78e..78860958e6 100644 --- a/psa/017/015.md +++ b/psa/017/015.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I will see your face in righteousness -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Here "face" represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. AT: "because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you -* **I will see your face** - David is confident he will see Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I will be satisfied, when I awake** - AT: "I will be happy to wake up in your presence," Possible meanings: 1) "when I wake up each day" or 2) "when I wake up after death" -* **with a sight of you.** - AT: "when I see you are still with me." +David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. AT: "After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/intro.md b/psa/017/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e7e3d39e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/017/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 017 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 17 is a prayer for deliverance from all his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Innocence ##### +The psalmist is innocent and needs God to rescue him from these enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 17:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../016/intro.md) | [>>](../018/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/001.md b/psa/018/001.md index 3336c37eb6..931b2560ad 100644 --- a/psa/018/001.md +++ b/psa/018/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David,** - "This is a psalm that David wrote," -* **he sang to Yahweh the words of this song** - AT: "he sang this song to Yahweh" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **on the day that Yahweh rescued him** - "after Yahweh had rescued him" -* **him from the hand** - "from Saul's power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# he sang to Yahweh the words of this song + +"he sang this song to Yahweh" + +# on the day that Yahweh rescued him + +"after Yahweh had rescued him" + +# from the hand of Saul + +Here "hand" stands for the power of Saul. AT: "from Saul's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/002.md b/psa/018/002.md index 58f205b776..cf5d72c9f4 100644 --- a/psa/018/002.md +++ b/psa/018/002.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh is my rock -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock. The word "rock" is a picture of a safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my rock, my fortress -* **Yahweh is my rock ** - The word "rock" is a picture of a safe place. God is not an actual rock. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my rock, my fortress ** - These two phrases contain similar ideas. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **my shield, the horn of my salvation, and my stronghold** - A similar idea is repeated three ways for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here the words "rock" and "fortress" share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh provides safety from enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# take refuge in him + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my shield, the horn of my salvation, and my stronghold + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a "shield," "the horn" of his salvation, and his "stronghold." Yahweh is the one who protects him from harm. Here a similar idea is repeated three ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will be saved from my enemies + +"I will be rescued from my enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/004.md b/psa/018/004.md index 7192095409..87653a17ed 100644 --- a/psa/018/004.md +++ b/psa/018/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The cords of death surrounded me -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +David speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. AT: "I was about to be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# rushing waters of worthlessness -* **cords of death surround me** - AT: "I was about to be killed.' (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **rushing waters of worthlessness** - AT: I felt completely helpless" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The cords of sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me** - These two clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) AT: "I thought I was going to die" +David is as helpless as if he were being carried away by a rushing flood of waters. AT: "I felt completely helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me + +Here "Sheol," the place of the dead, and "death" are spoken of as if they were people who could surround and trap him. These two clauses have similar meanings and the idea is repeated for emphasis. AT: "I felt trapped and thought I was going to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/006.md b/psa/018/006.md index e1a28c4a21..7656b55136 100644 --- a/psa/018/006.md +++ b/psa/018/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# In my distress -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"In my great need" or "In my despair" -## translationNotes +# my call for help went into his presence -* **In my distress** - "In my concern" -* **my call for help went into his presence** - AT:"I prayed to him;" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **it went into his ears** - AT: "he heard my appeal." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Here David speaks of his "call for help" as if it were a person who could come into the presence of Yahweh. AT: "I prayed to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# it went into his ears + +Here David speaks of how Yahweh heard his cry for help. The idea is repeated for emphasis. AT: "he heard my appeal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/007.md b/psa/018/007.md index 5d334a1470..ef01886d66 100644 --- a/psa/018/007.md +++ b/psa/018/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Then the earth ... shaken because God was angry -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] +God's being angry is spoken of as if the there was a terrible earthquake. AT: "God was so angry that it was as if the earth ... shaken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the earth shook and trembled -* **the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of the mountains also trembled and were shaken** - AT: "God was so angry it was like earth quakes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the earth shook and trembled** - "the land moved back and forth" or "the ground moved up and down" -* **the foundations of the mountains also trembled -* AT: "the foundations of the mountains also trembled and shook" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Smoke went up from out of his nostrils ... Coals were ignited by it** - This is a picture of how angry God was. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **blazing fire came of his mouth. Coals were ignited by it** - "blazing fire came of his mouth and ignited coals" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The words "shook" and "trembled" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how greatly the earth shook. AT: "the land moved back and forth" or "the ground moved up and down" or "there was a violent earthquake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the foundations of the mountains also trembled and were shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the foundations of the mountains also trembled and shook" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Smoke went up from out of his nostrils ... Coals were ignited by it + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were breathing fire. This is a picture of how angry God was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blazing fire came out of his mouth. Coals were ignited by it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "blazing fire came out of his mouth and ignited coals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/009.md b/psa/018/009.md index a72b936ea5..d64c532b62 100644 --- a/psa/018/009.md +++ b/psa/018/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He opened -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +The word "He" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# thick darkness was under his feet -* **He opened** - The word "He" refers to Yahweh. -* **thick darkness was under his feet** - Though Yahweh does not actually have feet, human characteristics are given to him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **wings of the wind** - The wind does not actually have wings, but it treats the wind like an angel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Though Yahweh does not actually have feet, the Psalmist gives him human characteristics. AT: "thick darkness was beneath him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# wings of the wind + +Here the Psalmist speaks of the wind as if it had wings like an angel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/011.md b/psa/018/011.md index 633c80ef84..c5211cf007 100644 --- a/psa/018/011.md +++ b/psa/018/011.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He made darkness ... him +Here the words "He" and "him" refer to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# He made darkness a tent -* **He made darkness ... him** - The words “He” and "him" continue to refer to Yahweh. -* **He made darkness a tent** - AT: "He made darkness a covering" or AT: "He made darkness a hiding place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **heavy rain clouds** - AT: "clouds heavy with rain" or AT: "thick, dark rain clouds" -* **From the lightning before him, hailstones and coals of fire fell** - AT: "From the brightness before him came hail and coals of fire through his thick clouds." -* **hail** - AT: "stones of ice" +Here darkness is spoken of as if it were a tent. AT: "He made darkness a covering" or "He made darkness a hiding place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heavy rainclouds + +"clouds heavy with rain" or "thick, dark rainclouds" + +# Hailstones + +"stones made of ice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/013.md b/psa/018/013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f56e2f2a4d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/018/013.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Yahweh thundered in the heavens + +Yahweh's voice sounded like thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the Most High + +"the Most High" refers to Yahweh. + +# He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies ... lightning bolts dispersed them + +Both of these clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies + +Here lighting strikes are being spoken of as if they were arrows (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dispersed them + +"sent them in different directions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/015.md b/psa/018/015.md index 8f7821fc16..1eb94e47bb 100644 --- a/psa/018/015.md +++ b/psa/018/015.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The writer continues to speak of Yaweh's great power. -## translationNotes +# Then the water channels appeared; the foundations of the world were exposed -* The Psalmist continues to speak of Yaweh's great power. -* **Then the water channels appeared; the foundations of the world were exposed ** - "the bottom of the ocean was seen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the foundations of the world were exposed at your battle cry, Yahweh** - You, Yahweh, exposed the foundations of the world" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **blast of the breath of your nostrils** - AT: "air forced out with strength through the nose." Though God does not have human physical characteristics, this pictures his mighty strength. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +These two clauses have similar meanings. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then the water channels appeared and the bottom of the ocean became visible; you exposed the foundations of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# at the blast of the breath of your nostrils + +Though God does not have human physical characteristics as described here, this pictures his mighty strength. The wind is spoken of here as if it came as a mighty blast from God's nostrils. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/016.md b/psa/018/016.md index bcf0c53266..29f0e1a45d 100644 --- a/psa/018/016.md +++ b/psa/018/016.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He reached down ... he took hold ... He pulled me +The word "He" in these verses refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# surging water -* **He reached down from above** - The word "He" in these verses continues to refer to Yahweh. -* **surging water** - "huge waves" or "forceful waters" +Here the Psalmist speaks of the dangers of his enemies as if they were huge waves or forceful waters, from which Yahweh has rescued him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/018.md b/psa/018/018.md index 4ff7c50dc0..22aea575ab 100644 --- a/psa/018/018.md +++ b/psa/018/018.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They came against me -* [[en:tw:free]] +Here "They" refers to the strong enemies in verse 17. -## translationNotes +# They came against me on the day of my distress but Yahweh was my support -* **They came against me on the day of my distress** - AT: "Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I already had many troubles" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicitinfo]]) +The abstract noun "distress" can be stated as an adjective. The abstract noun "support" can be stated as "protected." AT: "Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I was distressed, but Yahweh protected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/020.md b/psa/018/020.md index cbce84e6e2..679525f190 100644 --- a/psa/018/020.md +++ b/psa/018/020.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# my hands were clean -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:reward|reward]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here having clean hands represents being innocent of wrongdoing. AT: "I was innocent" or "my actions were right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I have kept the ways of Yahweh -* **my hands were clean** - AT: "all my actions were right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I have kept the ways of Yahweh** - "I have paid attention to the ways of Yahweh" AT: "I have obeyed Yahweh's laws" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **have not wickedly turned away from my God** - "have not become wicked by turning away from my God" +The laws of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were the paths on which one should walk. AT: "I have obeyed Yahweh's laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have not wickedly turned away from my God + +Here being wicked is spoken of as if one left the right path and took the wrong path. AT: "have not done wickedly by turning away from my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/022.md b/psa/018/022.md index d7bc3c2882..73e2aa8431 100644 --- a/psa/018/022.md +++ b/psa/018/022.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For all his righteous decrees ... I have not turned away from them -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# have been before me -* **have been before me** - AT: "have been my guide" or "I have remembered" -* **innocent before him** - "innocent according to him" -* **I have kept myself from sin** - AT: "I have not sinned" -* **my hands were clean** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:018:020]]. -* **before his eyes** - AT: "before him" or "according to him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"have guided me" or "I have remembered" + +# I have also been innocent ... I have kept myself from sin + +Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# innocent before him + +"innocent according to him" + +# I have kept myself from sin + +"I have not sinned" + +# my hands were clean + +To have "clean hands" means that one is innocent of wrongdoing. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:20](./020.md): AT: "I was innocent" or "my actions were right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before his eyes + +This refers to God's presence. AT: "before him" or "according to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/025.md b/psa/018/025.md index d20acc523b..a4845a4d25 100644 --- a/psa/018/025.md +++ b/psa/018/025.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:perverse]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +The writer speaks to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# To anyone who is faithful -* **you** - In this chunk the word "you" refers to Yahweh. -* **you are clever toward anyone who is twisted** - "you outwit anyone who is not honest" +Here "faithful" means to do what God commands one to do. You can state this clearly. AT: "to those who faithfully obey your commandments" or "to those who faithfully do your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to a man who is blameless ... you show yourself pure + +Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you are clever toward anyone who is twisted + +"you outwit anyone who is not honest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/027.md b/psa/018/027.md index 745d257aa0..13460da3b2 100644 --- a/psa/018/027.md +++ b/psa/018/027.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# you bring down -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] +"you humiliate" -## translationNotes +# with proud, uplifted eyes -* **you bring down** - "you humiliate" AT: "you destroy" -* **proud, uplifted eyes** - AT: "who are proud" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **For you give light to my lamp; Yahweh my God lights up my darkness. ** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **For by you I can run over a barricade** - AT: "For by you I can run through a military troop" +This idiom refers to those who are proud. AT: "who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For you give light to my lamp; Yahweh my God lights up my darkness + +The writer speaks of Yahweh's presence as if he were a light. These clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For by you I can run over a barricade + +"For with your help I can cross any obstacle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/030.md b/psa/018/030.md index 203bf06923..70a372e4b5 100644 --- a/psa/018/030.md +++ b/psa/018/030.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He is a shield to everyone who takes refuge in him -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:perfect|perfect]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:3](../003/003.md). AT: "You, Yahweh, protect like a shield everyone who takes refuge in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# For who is God except Yahweh? Who is a rock except our God? -* **He is a shield** - See how you handled this metaphor in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:003:003]]. -* **For who is God except Yahweh? Who is a rock except our God?** - The implicit answer is no one. AT: "Only Yahweh is God! Only our God is a rock!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a rock** - See how you handled this metaphor in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:018:002]]. -* **who places the blameless person on his path** - AT: "who places the blameless person in his way" -* **puts strength on me like a belt** - God gives strength to David as if it were a piece of clothing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **places the blameless person on his path** - AT: "places the blamelss on a blameless path" or "causes the blameless person to live a righteous life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **on his path** - Possible meanings are 1) the blameless person is placed on God's path 2) he is placed on his own path. +The implied answer is no one. AT: "Only Yahweh is God! Only our God is a rock!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a rock + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that he could climb to get away from his enemies. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:2](./002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# puts strength on me like a belt + +God gives strength to David as if it were a piece of clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# places the blameless person on his path + +Here David speaks of living a life that is pleasing to God as if he were being placed on the right path. AT: "causes the blameless person to live a righteous life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/033.md b/psa/018/033.md index aa4dd63e51..0115b558f2 100644 --- a/psa/018/033.md +++ b/psa/018/033.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# makes my feet swift -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:deer]] +This refers to enabling a person to run fast. AT: "makes me run very fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# like a deer and places me on the heights -* **makes my feet swift** - "makes my feet very fast" AT: "makes me run very fast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **like a deer and places me on the mountains** - The deer is especially quick and stable in the mountains. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He trains my hands** - AT: "He trains me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **my arms** - AT: "me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **to bend a bow of bronze** - AT: "to prepare a bow of bronze for shooting" +The deer is especially quick and stable in the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He trains my hands + +Here "my hands" refers to the person. AT: "He trains me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my arms + +This refers to the person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/035.md b/psa/018/035.md index b02a63db00..735eb33be6 100644 --- a/psa/018/035.md +++ b/psa/018/035.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the shield of your salvation -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] +Here the writer speaks of God's protection as if it were a shield. The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated with the verb "save." AT: "your protection and saved me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Your right hand has supported me -* **the shield** - AT: "the protection" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your salvation** - AT: "that comes with the fact that you saved me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **Your right hand ... your favor** - Both these terms stand for God himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **a wide place for my feet beneath me** - This refers to being safe from danger. AT: "a safe place for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my feet have not slipped** - AT: "I have not slipped" or "I am doing well" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here God's right hand represents his power. AT: "Your power has supported me" or "You have supported me by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your favor has made me great + +Here God's favor represents him acting according to his favor. AT: "You have made me great according to your favor" or "By your kindness, you have made me great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a wide place for my feet beneath me + +The writer speaks of the safety that God has provided as if it were a wide place for him to stand. Here "my feet" represent the person. AT: "a safe place for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my feet have not slipped + +Here "my feet" refers to the person. The writer refers to the safety of God's protection as if he were standing on a place where he will not slip or fall. AT: "I have not slipped" or "I am doing well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/037.md b/psa/018/037.md index bf9dbe8ef9..8aa0a2fd63 100644 --- a/psa/018/037.md +++ b/psa/018/037.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I smashed them -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] +"I crushed them" or "I broke them to pieces" -## translationNotes +# unable to rise -* **I smashed them** - "I crushed them" or "I broke them to pieces" -* **unable to rise** - "unable to stand" -* **they have fallen under my feet** - AT: "they are defeated" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **put strength on me like a belt** - See how you translated this simile in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:018:030]]. -* **you put under me** - AT: "you defeat for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **those who rise up against me** - AT: "those who are my enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"unable to stand" + +# they have fallen under my feet + +This idiom means the Psalmist has defeated his enemies. AT: "I have defeated all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# put strength on me like a belt + +The Psalmist says that Yahweh has given him strength that surrounds and supports him like a belt. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:32](./030.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you put under me + +Here the Psalmist speaks of the defeat of his enemies as if he were standing on them. AT: "you defeat for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# those who rise up against me + +This refers to those who oppose the Psalmist. AT: "those who are my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/040.md b/psa/018/040.md index 37a8e7936c..afd59bd250 100644 --- a/psa/018/040.md +++ b/psa/018/040.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You gave me the back of my enemies' necks -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. AT: "You gave me victory over my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You gave me the back of my enemies' necks -* **the back of my enemies' necks** - AT: "the victory over my enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I annihilated those who hated me** - "I defeated those who hated me" or "I destroyed completely those who hated me" -* **but he did not answer them** - AT: "but he did not help them" ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I beat them into fine pieces like dust before the wind** - David's enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I threw them out like mud in the streets** - David's enemies are compared to mud in the streets to show how defeated they are. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are 1) David could cut his enemies' heads off at the neck or 2) David could put his foot down on his enemies' necks or 3) David could see his enemies' backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I annihilated those who hated me + +"I defeated those who hated me" or "I destroyed completely those who hated me" + +# but he did not answer them + +This means Yahweh did not provide any help. AT: "but he did not help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I beat them into fine pieces like dust before the wind + +The psalmists enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I threw them out like mud in the streets + +The psalmist's enemies are compared to mud in the streets to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/043.md b/psa/018/043.md index 4cb57e2aff..ab23da82ca 100644 --- a/psa/018/043.md +++ b/psa/018/043.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# disputes -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] +"disagreements" or "arguments" -## translationNotes +# have made me the head over nations -* **disputes** - "disagreements" or "arguments" -* **were forced to bow** - AT: "someone forced them to bow" other versions may read: "pretended to submit to me" or "came to me cringing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **foreigners came ​trembling** - "foreigners came shaking" AT: "foreigners came while being very afraid" +Here "head" represents the ruler. AT: "appointed me to be the ruler over many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# foreigners were forced to bow + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God forced foreigners to bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# foreigners came trembling + +Here "trembling" shows that they were very afraid. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "foreigners came shaking, showing that they were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/046.md b/psa/018/046.md index a17a08c70a..65c465fd58 100644 --- a/psa/018/046.md +++ b/psa/018/046.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# may my rock be praised -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:subject]] -* [[en:tw:subject|subject, be subject to, in subjection to]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he is my rock and he should be praised" or "may people praise my rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# my rock -* **may my rock be praised** - AT: "he is my rock and he should be praised" or "may people praise my rock" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **my rock** - See how you translated this metaphor in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:018:002]]. -* **May the God of my salvation be exalted** - "May people exalt the God of my salvation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the God of my salvation** - AT: "the God who saved me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **the God who executes vengeance for me** - "the God who avenges for me" or "the God who is my avenger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Here the writer speaks of Yahweh's protection as if he were a rock that prevented his enemies from reaching him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:2](./002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May the God of my salvation be exalted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people exalt the God of my salvation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the God of my salvation + +The abstract nouns "salvation" can be stated as "saved" or "rescued." AT: "the God who rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the God who executes vengeance for me + +To "execute vengeance" means to punish people for their evil actions. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "vengeance." AT: "the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/048.md b/psa/018/048.md index 5fe47ef147..1dd9c60ddc 100644 --- a/psa/018/048.md +++ b/psa/018/048.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I am set free -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has set me free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# you lifted me above -* **I am set free** - AT: "God has set me free" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you lifted me above** - AT: "you made me more powerful than" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **who rose against me** - AT: "who attacked me" or "who rebelled against me" -* **violent men** - "cruel men" or "savage men" -* **among the nations** - AT: "where the nations will hear it" -* **to your name** - AT: "in honor of your name" or "to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Yahweh's protection of the writer is spoken of as if he lifted the writer up so high that his enemies could not reach him to harm him. AT: "you put me in a safe place high above" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who rose against me + +"who attacked me" or "who rebelled against me" + +# violent men + +"cruel men" or "savage men" + +# among the nations + +Here the writer means that he will give thanks to Yahweh so that all people will hear of Yahweh's greatness. AT: "so all the nations will hear about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to your name + +Here "name" represents God himself. AT: "in honor of your name" or "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/050.md b/psa/018/050.md index 8560e6e58e..5a4353ff05 100644 --- a/psa/018/050.md +++ b/psa/018/050.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# victory to his king -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] +By using the words "his king," David is referring to himself as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one ... to his descendants forever -* **victory to his king** - David is referring to himself as king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **covenant loyalty** - "covenant faithfulness" +"he faithfully loves me as he promised in his covenant, and he will love my descendants forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/intro.md b/psa/018/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..57eeade806 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/018/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 018 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +God has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 18:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../017/intro.md) | [>>](../019/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/001.md b/psa/019/001.md index d000719b5f..41dfe1b14a 100644 --- a/psa/019/001.md +++ b/psa/019/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **The heavens declare** - The heavens are described as if they were a person. AT: "The heavens show" or "The heavens look like they declare" -* **the skies make his handiwork known** - The skies are described as if they were a teacher. AT: "The skies seem to make God's handiwork known to us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **his handiwork** - AT: "his creation" or "the world that he has made" -* **speech pours out** - What is beautiful about creation is compared to speaking, as if creation is a person. Then those words are compared to water that flows everywhere. AT: "creation is like a person speaking to everyone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **There is no speech or spoken words; their voice is not heard** - These phrases make explicit that the first two verses were a metaphor. AT: "There is no real speech or spoken words; no one hears an actual voice with their ears" -* **their voice is not heard** - Other translations read "where their voice is not heard", emphasizing that creation's "speech" is available everywhere. +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# The heavens declare + +The heavens are described as if they were a person. AT: "The heavens show" or "The heavens look like they declare" + +# the skies make his handiwork known + +The skies are described as if they were a teacher. AT: "The skies seem to make God's handiwork known to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# his handiwork + +"his creation" or "the world that he has made" + +# speech pours out + +What is beautiful about creation is compared to speaking, as if creation were a person. Then those words are compared to water that flows everywhere. AT: "creation is like a person speaking to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is no speech or spoken words; their voice is not heard + +These phrases express clearly that the first two verses were a metaphor. AT: "There is no real speech or spoken words; no one hears an actual voice with their ears" + +# their voice is not heard + +Other translations read "where their voice is not heard," emphasizing that creation's "speech" is available everywhere. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/004.md b/psa/019/004.md index 03bae0d47c..87a36ad5e8 100644 --- a/psa/019/004.md +++ b/psa/019/004.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +David has just said that creation shows God's glory. -## translationNotes +# their words ... their speech -* David has just said that creation shows God's glory. -* **their words ... their speech** - This refers to the unspoken "words" of creation that show God's glory. -* **their words go out** - The metaphorical words are described as if they were people who go out with a message. AT: "the words that creation speaks are like people who go out" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **their speech to the end of the world** - AT: "their speech goes out to the end of the world" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **He has pitched a tent for the sun** - AT: "God has set up a tent for the sun." Pitching a tent is creating a place where the sun can live and rest. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **among them** - "in them." The word "them" probably refers to the heavens. AT: "in the heavens" -* **The sun is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber** - This describes a part of the wedding ceremony in ancient Israel. AT: "walking joyfully toward his bride" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like a strong man who rejoices when he runs his race** - This compares the sun to an athlete to emphasize the strength of the sun. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a strong man** - AT: "a fast runner" -* **horizon** - the line where the earth and the sky meet -* **to the other** - AT: "to the other horizon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **nothing escapes its heat** - AT: "everything feels its heat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This refers to the unspoken "words" of creation that show God's glory. + +# their words go out + +The words are described as if they were people who go out with a message. AT: "the words that creation speaks are like people who go out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# their speech to the end of the world + +The implied words can be included in the translation. AT: "their speech goes out to the end of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# He has pitched a tent for the sun + +Here the writer speaks of the place that Yahweh created for the sun as if it were a tent. AT: "He created a place for the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# among them + +The word "them" probably refers to the heavens. + +# The sun is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber + +The writer speaks of the sun's coming out as if it were a bridegroom. AT: "The sun is like a bridegroom walking joyfully toward his bride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a strong man who rejoices when he runs his race + +This compares the sun to an athlete to emphasize the strength and brightness of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a strong man + +"a fast runner" + +# horizon + +the line where the earth and the sky meet + +# to the other + +Here "other" refers to the other horizon. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "to the other horizon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nothing escapes its heat + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "everything feels its heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/007.md b/psa/019/007.md index e8394e831b..20c91ece27 100644 --- a/psa/019/007.md +++ b/psa/019/007.md @@ -1,29 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the soul ... the heart ... the eyes -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:perfect|perfect]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure, purify, purification]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +All three of these words refer to the whole person. AT: "a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the simple -* **the soul ... the heart ... the eyes** - All three of these words refer to the whole person. AT: "a person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **are right** - "are true" or "are correct" -* **making the simple** - AT: "to those who have no experience" or "those who have not been taught" -* **bringing light to the eyes.** - "helping a person understand what they previously could not understand" or "causing the eyes to shine" AT: "giving understanding to the eyes" +"those who have no experience" or "those who have not learned" + +# are right + +"are true" or "are correct" + +# bringing light + +"bringing understanding" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/009.md b/psa/019/009.md index f0cd4514e9..eefa72a75f 100644 --- a/psa/019/009.md +++ b/psa/019/009.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# altogether right -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +"completely right" -## translationNotes +# They are of greater value than gold ... they are sweeter than honey -* **righteous decrees** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:018:022]]. -* **altogether right** - "completely right" -* **They are of greater value than gold ... they are sweeter than honey** - Yahweh's decrees are spoken of as if they can be bought and tasted. AT: "If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold ... if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey" ([[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **even more than much fine gold** - AT: "even more valuable than a lot of fine gold" -* **fine gold** - "pure gold" or "expensive gold" +Yahweh's decrees are spoken of as if they could be bought and tasted. AT: "If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold ... if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even more than much fine gold + +The implied word "valuable" can be added in the translation. AT: "even more valuable than a lot of fine gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# fine gold + +"pure gold" or "expensive gold" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/011.md b/psa/019/011.md index c534021911..72d7f745d7 100644 --- a/psa/019/011.md +++ b/psa/019/011.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Yes -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|clean, cleanse]] -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:discernment|discern, discernment]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:reward|reward]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +"Also" or "Indeed" -## translationNotes +# by them your servant is warned -* **Yes** - "Also" or "Indeed" -* **by them your servant is warned** - AT: "they warn your servant" or "they are a warning for your servant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **by them ... in obeying them** - The word "them" refers to Yahweh's righteous decrees. -* **your servant** - David calls himself "your servant" when speaking to God as a sign of respect. AT: "I" (UDB) or "I, who obey you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **from hidden faults** - AT: "from secret mistakes I have made" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they warn your servant" or "they are a warning for your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by them ... in obeying them + +The word "them" refers to Yahweh's righteous decrees. + +# your servant is warned + +David calls himself "your servant" when speaking to God as a sign of respect. AT: "I am warned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Who can discern all his own errors? + +This appears in the form of a question to add emphasis and can be translated as a strong statement. AT: No one can be aware of his own errors!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# from hidden faults + +"from secret mistakes I have made" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/013.md b/psa/019/013.md index ccfdb42962..ded348a409 100644 --- a/psa/019/013.md +++ b/psa/019/013.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Keep your servant also from -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This idiom pictures the servant as being removed from the sins he does not wish to commit. AT: "Also, protect your servant from doing" or "Also, make sure that I do not commit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# your servant -* **Keep your servant also from** - AT: "Also, protect your servant from doing" or "Also, make sure that I do not commit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **your servant** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:019:011]]. -* **let them not rule over me** - Sins are described as if they are a king that decides what a person does. AT: "let my sins not become like a king who rules over me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **innocent from many transgressions** - "innocent of great transgression" -* **the words of my mouth and the thoughts of my heart** - Both these expressions work together to describe everything a person says and thinks. AT: "the things I say and the things I think about" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **be acceptable in your sight** - "receive approval in your sight" -* **in your sight** - AT: "to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Yahweh, my rock** - God is compared to a rock to show he is our protector. AT: "Yahweh, you are like my rock" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +David calls himself "your servant" when speaking to God as a sign of respect. See how you translated this in [Psalms 19:11](./011.md). AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# let them not rule over me + +Sins are described as if they were a king that could rule over someone. AT: "do not let my sins become like a king who rules over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# innocent from many transgressions + +"innocent of rebelling against you" or "innocent of committing many sins" + +# the words of my mouth and the thoughts of my heart + +These expressions taken together describe everything a person says and thinks. AT: "the things I say and the things I think about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# be acceptable in your sight + +"receive approval in your sight" or "be pleasing to you" + +# in your sight + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh, my rock + +The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that one could climb and be protected from his enemies. AT: "Yahweh, you are like my rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/intro.md b/psa/019/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3ee83c8fe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/019/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 019 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's law ##### +God's law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God's glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 19:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../018/intro.md) | [>>](../020/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/001.md b/psa/020/001.md index 943005244e..bfdf6305f8 100644 --- a/psa/020/001.md +++ b/psa/020/001.md @@ -1,30 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +This Psalm begins with a group of people speaking to the king of Israel. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This Psalm begins with a group of people speaking to the king of Israel. -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **help you** - The word "you" in this Psalm is singular. -* **the name of the God** - AT: "the God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# help you + +The word "you" in this Psalm is singular and refers to the king. + +# in the day of trouble + +"in times of trouble" or "when you are in trouble" + +# may the name of the God of Jacob protect you + +Possible meanings are 1) here "name" is a metonym for God's power. AT: "may the power of the God of Jacob protect you" or "may the God of Jacob protect you by his power" or 2) here "name" is a metonym for God himself. AT: "may the God of Jacob protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# send help from the holy place + +God helping from his holy place is spoken of as if God were sending help. AT: "may Yahweh help you from his holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# holy place ... Zion + +Both of these refer to God's temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/003.md b/psa/020/003.md index 938a1eac14..c201030240 100644 --- a/psa/020/003.md +++ b/psa/020/003.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# May he call to mind -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill|fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] +The phrase "call to mind" is a way of saying "remember." It does not mean God forgot. It means to consider or think about. AT: "May he remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# May he -* **May he call to mind** - AT: "May he remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **May he** - The word “he” refers to Yahweh. -* **Selah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:003:001]]. -* **May he grant** - "May he give" -* **your heart's desire** - AT: "what your heart wants" or "your desire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "he" refers to Yahweh. + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# May he grant + +"May he give" + +# your heart's desire + +Here "heart" stands for the entire person. The abstract noun "desire" can be stated as a verb. AT: "what you desire" or "what you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# fulfill all your plans + +The abstract noun "plans" can be stated as a verb. AT: "may he help you to accomplish everything that you plan to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/005.md b/psa/020/005.md index 5de4f0abeb..63ea5ee28c 100644 --- a/psa/020/005.md +++ b/psa/020/005.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# we will rejoice in your victory -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] +Here "we" refers to the people. They will rejoice in the king's victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# in the name of our God -* **we will rejoice in your victory** - In the king's victory. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]] or [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **in the name of our God** - AT: "in honor of our God" or "for the reputation of our God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **we will raise banners** - "we will raise flags" or "we will lift up banners" -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a break in the psalm. Here another person takes over. -* **I know** - The word "I" probably refers to the king who is speaking in this section. -* **his anointed one** - The king is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **grant all your petitions** - "give you everything you request from him." -* **the saving strength of his right hand that can rescue him** - God's right hand represents his power to rescue the king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "name" represents honor or reputation. AT: "in honor of our God" or "for the reputation of our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# we will raise banners + +"we will raise victory flags." They would do this to show that they were praising God because he gave their king victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# grant all your petitions + +"give you everything you request from him" + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the psalm. It transitions from the people speaking to the king speaking. + +# I know + +The word "I" probably refers to the king who is speaking in this section. + +# his anointed one ... answer him ... rescue him + +The king is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person. AT: "me, his anointed one ... answer me ... rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# from his holy heaven + +God dwells in heaven as well as in the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [Psalms 20:2](./001.md)) + +# with the strength of his right hand that can rescue him + +God's right hand represents his power. AT: "with his great strength he will rescue him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/007.md b/psa/020/007.md index 7a3e1ebaa7..3a3cdfadce 100644 --- a/psa/020/007.md +++ b/psa/020/007.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Some trust in chariots and others in horses -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "chariots" and "horses" represent a king's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# others in horses -* **they will be brought down and fall** - AT: "God will bring them down and make them fall" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they will be brought down** - The word "they" refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. -* **brought down and fall** - Both these verbs mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how sure their destruction will be. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **we will rise and stand upright** - "we will get up and stand up straight." These two words basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how strong they are. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The word "trust" is understood. AT: "other trust in horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# we call ... we will rise + +Here "we" refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# They will be brought down and fall + +The word "They" refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bring them down and make them fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# brought down and fall + +Both these verbs mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for losing in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# we will rise and stand upright + +"we will get up and stand up straight." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/009.md b/psa/020/009.md index 4e51ca80b3..4ec481c2e8 100644 --- a/psa/020/009.md +++ b/psa/020/009.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh, rescue the king -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible interpretations are 1) the people ask God to protect the king or 2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person. -## translationNotes +# the king; help us when we call -* **Yahweh, rescue the king** - Possible interpretations are 1) the people ask God to protect the king 2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person (UDB). -* **the king; help us when we call** - Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. AT: "King, help us when we call you" +Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. AT: "King, help us when we call you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/intro.md b/psa/020/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..604c01e0d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/020/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 020 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 20 is a royal psalm. It is probably a prayer for the king, perhaps when he first became king. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Trust ##### +Trusting God is much better than trusting in military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 20:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../019/intro.md) | [>>](../021/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/001.md b/psa/021/001.md index 16a84befb8..ca67a7c157 100644 --- a/psa/021/001.md +++ b/psa/021/001.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **How greatly he rejoices** - AT: “He rejoices greatly” -* **you provide** - “you give” -* **in your strength** - "in your power" or "in your force" -* **his heart's desire** - "his heart's wish" AT: "his desire" or "what he wished for" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the request of his lips** - AT: “his request” or “what he requested of you” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Selah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:003:001]]. +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# in your strength, Yahweh + +It is implied that this is strength Yahweh has given the king to defeat his enemies. AT: because you, Yahweh, have made him strong enough to defeat his enemies" + +# How greatly he rejoices + +"He rejoices greatly" + +# in the salvation you provide + +It is implied that God has saved the king from his enemies. The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you have saved him from his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his heart's desire + +"his heart's wish." Here "heart" stands for the whole person. AT: "his desire" or "what he wished for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# have not held back + +"have not refused him." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you have given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# the request of his lips + +Here "lips" stands for the whole person. AT: "his request" or "what he requested of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/003.md b/psa/021/003.md index fab690ed37..5d3095af56 100644 --- a/psa/021/003.md +++ b/psa/021/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# you bring him rich blessings -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:crown|crown]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure, purify, purification]] +The abstract noun "blessings" can be stated as "bless" or "good things." AT: "you bless him greatly" or "you give him many good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# you placed on his head a crown of purest gold -* **long days** - AT: “many days to live” or “a long life” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **forever and ever** - AT: "that will continue forever and ever" +To place a crown on a person's head is a symbol of making him a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# a crown of purest gold + +Here "purest gold" represents the great honor given to the king. + +# He asked you for life; you gave it to him + +The abstract noun "life" can be stated as a verb. AT: "He asked that you cause him to live for a long time; you caused it to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# long days forever and ever + +Possible meanings are 1) a very long life or 2) eternal life or 3) a long line of descendants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/005.md b/psa/021/005.md index 5f72712251..18c76841ee 100644 --- a/psa/021/005.md +++ b/psa/021/005.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# His glory -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:majesty|majesty]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] +"The king's honor" or "The king's fame" -## translationNotes +# you have bestowed on him splendor and majesty -* **you have bestowed on him** - "you have placed on him" or "you have put on him" -* **you grant him** - "you allow him to have" or "you agree to give him" -* **lasting blessing** - “a blessing that will last” or “a blessing that will stay” -* **the joy of your presence** - AT: “the joy of being in your presence” or “the joy that comes from you being close” +"you have placed on him splendor and majesty." Causing the king to be wealthy and powerful is spoken of as if splendor and majesty are objects that are placed on him. AT: "you have made him wealthy and powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you grant him + +"you allow him to have" or "you agree to give him" + +# lasting blessings + +"a blessings that will last" or "a blessings that will stay" + +# the joy of your presence + +"the joy of being in your presence" or "the joy that comes from you being near to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/007.md b/psa/021/007.md index d77c577e1a..479e0ccdd0 100644 --- a/psa/021/007.md +++ b/psa/021/007.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# through the covenant faithfulness of the Most High -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "because the Most High is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# he will not be moved -* **through the covenant faithfulness** - “because of the covenant faithfulness” -* **he will not be moved** - AT: “circumstances will not make his rule insecure” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Your hand will seize** - AT: “Your power will seize” or “You will seize” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will remove him as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your hand will seize + +Here "hand" represents power. AT: "Your power will seize" or "You will powerfully seize" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your hand ... hate you + +Possible meaning of all occurrences of "your" and "you" are 1) they refer to the king or 2) they refer to God. + +# your right hand will seize those who hate you + +This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that God will give the king the power to stop his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/009.md b/psa/021/009.md index e78900d88d..20630daab7 100644 --- a/psa/021/009.md +++ b/psa/021/009.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# At the time of your anger -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:consume|consume]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:furnace]] -* [[en:tw:furnace|furnace]] -* [[en:tw:offspring]] -* [[en:tw:offspring|offspring]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +"When you appear in your anger" -## translationNotes +# your anger ... You will destroy -* **At the time of your anger** - AT: “When you are angry” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you will burn them up as in a fiery furnace** - Yahweh is compared to an oven, and his enemies are compared to wood that will be burned. AT: “you, Yahweh, are like a fiery furnace and they are like wood that you will burn up” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **consume them in his wrath** - AT: “destroy them because of his anger” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the fire will devour them** - AT: “the anger, which is like a fire, will destroy them” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Possible meaning for all occurrences of "your" and "you" are 1) they refer to God or 2) they refer to the king. + +# you will burn them up as in a fiery furnace + +Yahweh or the king destroying their enemies is spoken of as if their enemies are wood and Yahweh or the king will throw them into a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh will consume them in his wrath, and the fire will devour them + +Both clauses mean basically the same thing. Yahweh completely destroying his enemies is spoken of as if his wrath is a fire that completely burns up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the earth ... from among the human race + +Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that absolutely none of their enemies will survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/011.md b/psa/021/011.md index 8b475829e1..99c5288f68 100644 --- a/psa/021/011.md +++ b/psa/021/011.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# they intended -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +"they planned." The word "they" refers to the enemies of God and the king. -## translationNotes +# evil against you -* **they intended** - "they planned" -* **they conceived a plot** - “they made a plan” or “they created a scheme” -* **you will draw your bow before them** - This describes Yahweh as a warrior with a bow and arrows. AT: "you will act like a man with a bow, who makes his bow ready to shoot them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"to do evil things to you" + +# they conceived a plot + +"they made a plan" or "they created a scheme" + +# For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them + +Possible meanings for "you" and "your" are 1) they refer to the king or 2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will turn them back + +This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will draw your bow before them + +This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/013.md b/psa/021/013.md index a07119366c..24ad53616e 100644 --- a/psa/021/013.md +++ b/psa/021/013.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh, show us that you are very strong" or 2) "Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you" -## translationNotes +# we will sing and praise your power -* **in your strength** - "in your force" AT: “because you are strong” -* **sing and praise** - These two words basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the enthusiasm of the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The words "sing" and "praise" share similar meanings. Here the word "power" represents God and his power. AT: "with singing we will praise you because you are powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/intro.md b/psa/021/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dd5af32c53 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/021/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 021 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pronouns ##### +There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 21:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../020/intro.md) | [>>](../022/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/001.md b/psa/022/001.md index 1be1ccb814..1c749f65e3 100644 --- a/psa/022/001.md +++ b/psa/022/001.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **The rhythm of the deer** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **my God, why have you abandoned me?** - The writer does not really expect an answer. AT: "my God, I feel very abandoned by you!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you abandoned me** - "you left me all alone" -* **Why are you so far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish?** - Again the writer does not expect an answer. AT: "you are far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the words of my anguish** - "the words of my suffering" AT: "me while I am suffering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I am not silent** - AT: "I still speak" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# The rhythm of the deer + +This may refer to a style of music. + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# My God, my God + +The writer repeats "My God" to emphasize that he is desperate for God to hear him. + +# my God, why have you abandoned me? + +The writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God has abandoned him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "my God, I feel like you have abandoned me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you abandoned me + +"you left me all alone" + +# Why are you so far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish? + +Again the writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God is far away from him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "You are far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# far from the words of my anguish + +The writer feeling like God is not listening to him is spoken of as if God were far from his words of anguish. AT: "why do you not listen when I speak to you about the anguish I feel" or "I have told you about my suffering but you do not come to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the daytime ... at night + +The writer uses the words "daytime" and "night" to mean he prays to God all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I am not silent + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I still speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/003.md b/psa/022/003.md index ae74fb5bb3..b7bc2046ce 100644 --- a/psa/022/003.md +++ b/psa/022/003.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# you sit as king with the praises of Israel -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +"the praises of Israel are the throne on which you sit as king." The praises of Israel are described as if they are a throne upon which God can sit and rule, or as a house in which God can live. AT: "you are king and the people of Israel praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# of Israel -* **you sit as king with the praises of Israel** - The praises of Israel are described as if they are a throne upon which God can sit and rule, or as a house in which God can live. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **were not disappointed** - AT: "were saved" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were not disappointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you did not disappoint them" or "you did not fail them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# were not disappointed + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you saved them" or "you did for them what they needed you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/006.md b/psa/022/006.md index ccaee5c0c3..eb3c81c0c4 100644 --- a/psa/022/006.md +++ b/psa/022/006.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I am a worm and not a man -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:disgrace]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The writer speaks of himself as if he were a worm. This emphasizes that he feels worthless or that the people treat him as if he were worthless. AT: "But it is like I am a worm and not a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# disgrace to humanity and despised by the people -* **I am a worm** - The writer has not really changed to a worm but uses this word to show how alone he feels. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads at me** - These three phrases refer to the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how unrespected he is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **they shake their heads at me** - This describes an action of mock and surprise. -* **Let him rescue him, for he delights in him** - AT: "Let Yahweh rescue him, for he delights in Yahweh" +Both of these phrase mean basically the same thing. The phrase "despised by the people" can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone thinks I am worthless and the people hate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads at me + +These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize how much people disrespect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# they shake their heads at me + +This describes an action used to mock someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# He trusts in Yahweh ... delights in him + +The people are saying this to mock the writer. They do not really believe Yahweh will rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Let him rescue him + +"Let Yahweh rescue him" + +# for he delights in him + +Possible meanings are 1) "for Yahweh delights in him" or 2) "for he delights in Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/009.md b/psa/022/009.md index b2b1f7882b..71d326b6fd 100644 --- a/psa/022/009.md +++ b/psa/022/009.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For you -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:womb|womb]] +The writer uses the word "For" to begin explaining why he is confused and asking God why he is not coming to help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# you brought me from the womb -* **you brought me from the womb** - AT: "you caused me to be born" -* **when I was on my mother’s breasts** - AT: "when I drank from my mother's breasts" or "when my mother fed me of her milk" -* **thrown on you from the womb** - AT: "made dependent on you from the moment I was born" -* **you are my God** - AT: "you have been the God that I worship" -* **since I was in my mother's womb** - AT: "since before I was born" +This is a way of saying "you caused me to be born." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when I was on my mother's breasts + +This means that he has been trusting in Yahweh since he was very young. AT: "even from the time that I drank milk from my mother's breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have been thrown on you from the womb + +The phrase "have been thrown on" is a way of saying that Yahweh has taken care of him as if Yahweh had adopted him as his own child. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It was as though you had adopted me right when I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are my God + +This implies that Yahweh has always taken care of the writer. AT: "you, God, have taken care of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# since I was in my mother's womb + +"since before I was born" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/011.md b/psa/022/011.md index 159758f254..9bfc8393d8 100644 --- a/psa/022/011.md +++ b/psa/022/011.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be far away from me -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Come close to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# for trouble is near -* **Do not be far away from me** - AT: "Be very close to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **there is no one to help** - "there is no helper" -* **Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan surround me** - The bulls are a metaphor for enemies, and the second line makes the metaphor even more emphatic. AT: "I have many enemies and they are like bulls that surround me; they are like strong bulls from Bashan that surround me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They open their mouths wide against me** - Possible meanings are 1) they use lies to discredit him 2) they threaten him or 3) they attack him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like a roaring lion ripping its victim** - The image of a lion is used to show how hard the enemies work to destroy me. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The writer speaks about "trouble" as if it were an object that is near him. AT: "for my enemies are near me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no one to help + +"there is no helper" + +# Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan surround me + +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were bulls. This emphasizes how dangerous and powerful his enemies are. AT: "I have many enemies and they are like bulls that surround me; they are like strong bulls from Bashan that surround me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They open their mouths wide against me + +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions with the mouths open ready to eat him. His enemies may be speaking lies to discredit him. Or they may be threatening him and attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a roaring lion ripping its victim + +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions. This emphasizes how powerful and dangerous his enemies are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/014.md b/psa/022/014.md index cae4cf8ed4..e9ebf903da 100644 --- a/psa/022/014.md +++ b/psa/022/014.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# I am being poured out like water -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|tongue]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is like someone is pouring me out like water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# I am being poured out like water -* **I am being poured out like water** - "Someone is pouring me out like water." The writer is comparing himself to water that is wasted on the ground. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all my bones are dislocated** - "all my bones are out of place." This describes the emotional pain the writer experiences as if it were physical pain. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **My heart is like wax** - This means his emotions and his willpower are extremely weak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **wax** - Wax is a soft substance that melts at a relatively low temperature, for example when you rub it between your hands. -* **strength has dried up like a piece of pottery** - This describes how little strength he has left. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **piece of pottery** - an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house -* **my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth** - He describes the dryness of his strength as if it were a physical dryness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **You have laid me in the dust of death** - AT: “You have brought me very close to dying” or "You are about to let me die and become dust" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **You have laid me** - The "you" is singular and refers to God. +The writer speaks about feeling completely exhausted and weak as if he were water being poured out of a jar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# all my bones are dislocated + +"all my bones are out of place." It is possible the writer is in some kind of physical pain. Or he may be speaking of his emotional pain as if it were physical pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My heart is like wax ... inner parts + +The writer speaks about no longer having courage as if his heart melted like wax. Here "heart" represents "courage." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wax + +a soft substance that melts at a relatively low temperature + +# within my inner parts + +"inside of me" + +# My strength has dried up like a piece of pottery + +The writer speaks about feeling weak as if his strength were like a dry piece of pottery that can easily break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# piece of pottery + +an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house + +# my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth + +"my tongue sticks to the top of my mouth." The writer may be describing his extreme thirst. Or he may be continuing to speak about being weak as if he were completely dry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have laid me in the dust of death + +Possible meanings for "dust of death" are 1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. AT: "You are about to let me die and become dust" or 2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. AT: "You have laid me in my grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have laid me + +The "you" is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/016.md b/psa/022/016.md index ecbe8b1ad2..64c709890c 100644 --- a/psa/022/016.md +++ b/psa/022/016.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# dogs have surrounded me -* [[en:tw:evil]] +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs. His enemies are coming close to him like wild dogs do to a dying animal. AT: "my enemies are like dogs that have surrounded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a company of evildoers -* **dogs** - This word refers to his enemies or evil people. AT: "my enemies are like dogs that" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a company of evildoers** - "a group of evildoers" or "a gang of evildoers" -* **encircled** - "surrounded" -* **pierced** - stabbed through something with a sharp object -* **I can count all my bones** - AT: "I can see all of my bones" or "I can feel each of my bones" -* **look and stare at me** - These two words mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how uncomfortable he is with people looking at him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"a group of evildoers" or "a gang of evildoers" + +# encircled + +"surrounded" + +# they have pierced my hands and my feet + +This continues the dog metaphor. The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs that are biting and piercing his hands and feet with their teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pierced + +stabbed through something with a sharp object + +# I can count all my bones + +Possible meanings are 1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. AT: "I can see all of my bones" or "I can feel each of my bones" or 2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# look and stare at me + +The words "look" and "stare" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people look at him awkwardly and make fun of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/018.md b/psa/022/018.md index 17e877f4a9..1f7cca45cb 100644 --- a/psa/022/018.md +++ b/psa/022/018.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# my garments -* [[en:tw:lots]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +"my clothes" -## translationNotes +# Do not be far away -* **my garments** - "my clothes" -* **Do not be far away** - AT: "Be very close" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **my Strength** - "my Power" or "my Help" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Be very close" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# my strength + +Here "strength" represents Yahweh who gives him strength. AT: "you who give me strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/020.md b/psa/022/020.md index f3d7615b86..b8c071f495 100644 --- a/psa/022/020.md +++ b/psa/022/020.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Rescue my soul -* [[en:tw:horn]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +Here "soul" stands for the whole person. AT: "Rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the sword -* **my soul** - AT: "me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the sword** - The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. AT: "my enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my only life** - "my precious life" or "the only life I have" -* **claws of wild dogs ... lion's mouth ... horns of the wild ox** - Each of these is a double figure of speech. First, the claws, mouth, and horns stand for the animal as a whole in a synecdoche. Second, all three animals refer to David's enemies as a metaphor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the horns of the wild oxen** - AT: "the strength of the wild oxen" or "the wild oxen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **wild oxen** - The word "wild" here means that has not been captured and tamed by humans. +The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. AT: "those who want to kill me" or "my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my only life + +"my precious life" or "the only life I have" + +# claws of wild dogs ... lion's mouth ... horns of the wild oxen + +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs, lions, and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws, mouth, and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are the parts that the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# wild dogs ... wild oxen + +The word "wild" here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/022.md b/psa/022/022.md index fa2eabe2ef..de633bdeef 100644 --- a/psa/022/022.md +++ b/psa/022/022.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I will declare your name -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +"I will make known your name." Here "name" stands for God's character or reputation. AT: "I will talk about your character" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# my brothers -* **I will declare your name** - AT: "I will make known your name" or "I will talk about your character" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my brothers** - AT: "my fellow Israelites" (UDB) or "my fellow worshippers of Yahweh" -* **in the midst of the assembly** - AT: "while I am at the assembly" or "when I am surrounded by my fellow worshippers of Yahweh" -* **Stand in awe of him** - AT: "Be full of awe for him" or "Let God's power amaze you" +Here "brothers" means "my fellow Israelites" or "my fellow worshipers of Yahweh" + +# in the midst of the assembly + +"when my fellow Israelites and I gather together" or "when I am surrounded by my fellow worshipers of Yahweh" + +# You who fear + +Here "You" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you descendants of Jacob ... you descendants of Israel + +Both of these refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Stand in awe of him + +"Be full of awe for him" or "Let God's power amaze you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/024.md b/psa/022/024.md index 2a7cc4494b..d53dfa389f 100644 --- a/psa/022/024.md +++ b/psa/022/024.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill|fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Possible meanings are 1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or 2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one -## translationNotes +# despised or abhorred -* **he has not despised or abhorred** - AT: "he has admired and cherished" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **despised or abhorred** - These two words mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that God has not forgotten David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **despised** - detested or hated -* **abhorred** - loathed or scorned -* **the afflicted one** - AT: "an afflicted person" or "afflicted people" -* **has not hidden his face** - AT: "has not turned his attention away" or "has not turned away" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he heard** - "he listened" AT: "he answered" or "he helped" +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God has not forgotten the one who is afflicted and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# despised + +"detested" or "hated" + +# abhorred + +"loathed" or "scorned" + +# the suffering of the afflicted one ... from him ... the afflicted one cried + +Possible meanings are 1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. AT: "those who suffer ... from them ... those who are suffering cried" or 2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. AT: "my suffering because of my affliction ... from me ... I cried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# has not hidden his face from him + +Hiding one's face from someone represents ignoring him. AT: "has not turned his attention away from him" or "has not ignored him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he heard + +"he listened." It is implied that he responded when he heard their cry. AT: "he answered" or "he helped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because of you + +Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I will fulfill my vows + +This refers to sacrifices the writer promised to offer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before those who fear him + +Here "him" refers to Yahweh. It can be stated as "you." AT: "in the presence of those who fear you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/026.md b/psa/022/026.md index 5f861ca079..1d0cde1587 100644 --- a/psa/022/026.md +++ b/psa/022/026.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The oppressed will eat and be satisfied -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:family|family]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +This refers to the fellowship meal which occurs after the writer offers to God the sacrifices that he promised. He will invite those who were suffering to eat a part of the animal he sacrificed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# those who seek Yahweh -* **May your hearts live forever** - AT: "May you live forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **will remember and turn to Yahweh** - AT: "will remember Yahweh and return to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **all the families of the nations** - AT: "everyone" +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May your hearts live forever + +Here "hearts" represent the whole person. AT: "May you live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# May your hearts + +Here "your" is plural and refers to the oppressed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# will remember and turn to Yahweh + +Starting to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the people physically turn toward Yahweh. AT: "will remember Yahweh and obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the families of the nations will bow down before you + +This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. The writer is emphasizing that everyone from every place will worship and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# will bow down before you + +This is a sign of giving honor and respect to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# before you + +Here "you" refers to Yahweh. It can be translated in the third person to match the first part of the sentence. AT: "before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/028.md b/psa/022/028.md index a1a95f7e70..17e05db745 100644 --- a/psa/022/028.md +++ b/psa/022/028.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For the kingdom is Yahweh's -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:feast|feast]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"For the kingdom belongs to Yahweh." Here "kingdom" represents God's rule as king. AT: "For Yahweh is king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# he is the ruler over the nations -* **For the kingdom is Yahweh’s** - "For the kingdom belongs to Yahweh" AT: "For Yahweh is king" (UDB) -* **will feast** - Imortant here is that the people eat together at the feast. AT: "will eat together" or "will eat a festive meal" -* **those who are descending into the dust** - AT: "those who are dying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **those who cannot preserve their own lives** - AT: "those who cannot save themselves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "he rules the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will feast + +The people will eat together at the feast. AT: "will eat together" or "will eat a festive meal together" + +# all those who are descending into the dust ... those who cannot preserve their own lives + +Both phrases refers to the same group. They both refer to all people because all people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# those who are descending into the dust + +Here "dust" represents the grave. The phrase "descending into the dust" is a way of referring to someone dying. AT: "those who are dying" or "those who die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# those who cannot preserve their own lives + +"those who cannot save their own lives" or "those who cannot keep themselves from dying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/030.md b/psa/022/030.md index 0485e6479e..f3400b71da 100644 --- a/psa/022/030.md +++ b/psa/022/030.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# A generation to come -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Here "A generation" represents the people of a generation. The phrase "to come" speaks about a future time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "People in the future generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the next generation -* **they will** - The word "they" in this chunk refers to a future generation that will serve Yahweh. +Here "generation" represents the people of that generation. AT: "the people of the next generation" or "their children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of the Lord + +"about the Lord" or "about what the Lord has done" + +# tell of his righteousness + +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "tell of the righteous things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/intro.md b/psa/022/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f14fc720f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/022/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 022 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +Christ was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him. + +##### New Testament usage ##### +This psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 22:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../021/intro.md) | [>>](../023/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/001.md b/psa/023/001.md index b408a0a417..1f576f5603 100644 --- a/psa/023/001.md +++ b/psa/023/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **Yahweh is my shepherd** - This psalm tells about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. AT: "Yahweh is like a shepherd to me" or "Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). -* **He makes me to lie down in green pastures** - AT: He gives me rest like a shepherd who leads his sheep to lie down in green pastures" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he leads me beside tranquil water** - He provides what I need like a shepherd who leads his sheep beside tranquil water. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **tranquil water** - "calm water" or "water that flows gently." This water is safe to drink. +In much of this psalm, David writes as if he were a sheep and the Lord were his shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Yahweh is my shepherd + +The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. This emphasizes how God cares for people as a shepherd cares for his sheep. AT: "Yahweh is like a shepherd to me" or "Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will lack nothing + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I have everything that I need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# He makes me to lie down in green pastures + +The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. AT: He gives me rest like a shepherd who leads his sheep to lie down in green pastures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he leads me beside tranquil water + +The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. AT: "he provides what I need like a shepherd who leads his sheep beside tranquil water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tranquil water + +"calm water" or "water that flows gently." This water is safe to drink. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/003.md b/psa/023/003.md index 5d245cd8a9..4d4049114a 100644 --- a/psa/023/003.md +++ b/psa/023/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He brings back my life -* This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. -* **he guides me along right paths** - The word "paths" represents how a person lives. AT: "he shows me how to live right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for his name's sake** - The phrase "his name" here refers to his reputation. AT: "for his reputation" or "so that people will honor him" +This means God makes a person who is weak and tired to be strong and rested again. + +# he guides me along right paths + +Showing a person how to live in a way that pleases God is spoken of as if it were a shepherd showing a sheep the right path to take. AT: "He shows me how to live right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for his name's sake + +The phrase "his name" here refers to his reputation. AT: "for his reputation" or "so that people will honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/004.md b/psa/023/004.md index 87456a9d93..f04821e40e 100644 --- a/psa/023/004.md +++ b/psa/023/004.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:comfort|comfort]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:rod|rod]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:shadow|shadow]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:staff|staff]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Even though I walk through a valley of darkest shadow -* This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. -* **though I walk through a valley of darkest shadow** - A dark valley is a very dangerous place. "Though my life is like walking through a dark and dangerous valley" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will not fear harm** - "I will not be afraid of being hurt" -* **your rod and your staff comfort me** - The rod and staff represent protection because shepherds use them to protect their sheep from danger. AT: "I am not afraid because you protect me like a shepherd who protects his sheep with his rod and staff" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] +The writer describes a person experiencing terrible trouble as if he were a sheep walking through a dark and dangerous valley. There a sheep could get lost or attacked by a wild animal. AT: "Though my life is like walking through a dark and dangerous valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will not fear harm + +The abstract noun "harm" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I will not be afraid of something harming me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you are with me + +Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your rod and your staff comfort me + +The rod and staff represent protection because shepherds use them to protect their sheep from danger. AT: "I am not afraid because you protect me like a shepherd who protects his sheep with his rod and staff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/005.md b/psa/023/005.md index ca53c66d8c..c8991735a4 100644 --- a/psa/023/005.md +++ b/psa/023/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] +Now the writer tells how God is like someone who welcomes a guest into his home and protects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You prepare a table -* Now the psalm tells how God is like someone who welcomes a guest into his home and protects him. -* **You prepare a table** - A table represents a feast because people would put all the food on a table. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **anointed my head with oil** - People sometimes put oil on their guest's heads in order to honor them. -* **my cups runs over** - Here a cup of wine that overflows represents many blessings. AT: "You fill my cup so much that it overflows" or "You give me many blessings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +A table represents a feast because people would put all the food on a table. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the presence of my enemies + +The meaning here is that the writer is not worried about his enemies because he is an honored guest of the Lord and therefore protected from harm. AT: "despite the presence of my enemies" + +# anointed my head with oil + +People sometimes put oil on their guests' heads in order to honor them. + +# my cup runs over + +Here a cup of wine that overflows represents many blessings. AT: "You fill my cup so much that it overflows" or "You give me many blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/006.md b/psa/023/006.md index feae0d5765..e64c1f3adf 100644 --- a/psa/023/006.md +++ b/psa/023/006.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pursue me -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Yahweh being good and faithful to a person is spoken of as if goodness and covenant faithfulness are things that pursue after a person. The abstract nouns "goodness" and "faithfulness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "Surely you will be good and faithful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# all the days of my life -* **Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pursue me** - "Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will be with me" or "Surely you will be good and faithful to me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]] ) -* **all the days of my life** - AT: "as long as I live" (See UDB and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **the house of Yahweh** - Possible meanings are that 1) this refers to Yahweh's eternal home, or 2) this refers to Yahweh's temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood. -* **for a very long time** - Possible meanings are 1) "forever" or 2) "as long as I live." +The abstract noun "life" can be stated as a verb. AT: "as long as I live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the house of Yahweh + +Possible meanings are that 1) this refers to Yahweh's eternal home, or 2) this refers to Yahweh's temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood. + +# for a very long time + +Possible meanings are 1) "forever" or 2) "as long as I live." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/intro.md b/psa/023/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..74713323cc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/023/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Psalm 023 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Psalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 23:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../022/intro.md) | [>>](../024/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/001.md b/psa/024/001.md index ade8598836..57e9682902 100644 --- a/psa/024/001.md +++ b/psa/024/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **and its fullness** - "and everything that fills it" -* **For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers** - AT: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters" -* **the seas ... the rivers** - These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth. +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# its fullness + +The abstract noun "fullness" can be stated with the verb "fills." AT: "everything that fills it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers + +Here "founded it upon the seas" and "established it on the rivers" mean basically the same thing. The Hebrews of that time believed their land was supported by the oceans and deep underground rivers. AT: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the seas ... the rivers + +These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth. + +# on the rivers + +"the water that is deep below" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/003.md b/psa/024/003.md index 6b5e4a3e90..e43781cebf 100644 --- a/psa/024/003.md +++ b/psa/024/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Who will ascend the mountain ... in his holy place? -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Both of these questions mean basically the same thing. The speaker is asking about who is allowed to go and worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# ascend -* **ascend** - "go up" or "climb" -* **the mountain of Yahweh** - This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem. -* **his holy place** - This refers Yahweh's temple (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **who has clean hands** - The word "hands" refers to what a person does. AT: "whose actions are clean" or "who does what is right" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **who has not lifted up a falsehood** - AT: "who has not taken a false oath" -* **what is false** - This may refers to idols, in making oaths and promises +"go up" or "climb" + +# the mountain of Yahweh + +This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem. + +# his holy place + +This refers Yahweh's temple. His temple is on Mount Zion in Jerusalem. + +# He who has ... who has ... and has not + +Here "He" does not refer to a specific person. AT: "Those who have ... who have ... and have not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# who has clean hands + +The word "hands" represents what a person does. For his "hands" to be clean means he does what is right. AT: "who does what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a pure heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's thoughts or motives. AT: "thinks good thoughts" or "does not think about doing what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who has not lifted up a falsehood + +Here "falsehood" represents a false idol. To "lift up" means to worship. AT: "who has not worshiped an idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/005.md b/psa/024/005.md index 9f14837a56..d0d74262b8 100644 --- a/psa/024/005.md +++ b/psa/024/005.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He will receive a blessing from Yahweh -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:receive|receive]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] +The word "he" does not refer to a specific person. It refers to the ones with pure hearts mentioned in previous verse. The abstract noun "blessing" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Yahweh will bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# righteousness from the God of his salvation -* **He will receive a blessing** - The word "he" refers to the ones with pure hearts mentioned in previous verse. -* **and righteousness from the God of his salvation** - AT: "and God will deal righteously with him and save him." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **those who seek him** - AT: "those who approach God" -* **those who seek the face of the God of Jacob** - AT: "those who worship the God of Jacob" +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as "righteously." And, "salvation" can be stated as "save." AT: "God will deal righteously with him and save him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Such is the generation of those who seek him + +Here "generation" represents people in general. AT: "The people who seek him are like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who seek him, those who seek the face of the God of Jacob + +Both statements mean the same thing. They both refer to those who go to the temple to worship God. AT: "the ones who approach God, they are the ones who may worship God, the one we Israelites worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# those who seek him + +Going to the temple to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if the person is literally seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the face of the God of Jacob + +Here "face" stands for the whole person. AT: "the God of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/007.md b/psa/024/007.md index 10e77c1644..5f53aa2e61 100644 --- a/psa/024/007.md +++ b/psa/024/007.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] +The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words "gates" and "doors" refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. AT: "Open up, you ancient gates" or "Open these ancient gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Lift up your heads -* **Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors** - The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words "gates" and "doors" refer to the gates of the temple. AT: "Open up, you ancient gates" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh, strong and mighty; Yahweh, mighty in battle + +The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a mighty warrior who fights in battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/009.md b/psa/024/009.md index d4664491b0..6b15dc442f 100644 --- a/psa/024/009.md +++ b/psa/024/009.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words "gates" and "doors" refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. See how you translated this in [Psalms 24:7](./007.md). AT: "Open up, you ancient gates" or "Open these ancient gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Lift up your heads -* **Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors, so that the king of glory may come in** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:024:007]]. -* **Selah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:003:001]]. +It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/intro.md b/psa/024/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b1aede2084 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/024/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 024 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Righteous people ##### +Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 24:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../023/intro.md) | [>>](../025/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/001.md b/psa/025/001.md index 6e30a96562..37807f7705 100644 --- a/psa/025/001.md +++ b/psa/025/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **I lift up my life** - "I give my life to you" -* **Do not let me be humiliated** - AT: "Do not let my enemies humiliate me" -* **humiliated** - "ashamed" -* **rejoice triumphantly over me** - AT: "rejoice in triumph over me" or "defeat me and rejoice about it" -* **May no one who hopes in you be disgraced** - "Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced." Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. AT: "Do not let those who hope in you be defeated by their enemies and ashamed by it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **act treacherously** - "act deceitfully" or "act with trickery" -* **without cause** - "without a reason" +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# I lift up my life + +The phrase "lift up my life" is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. AT: "I give myself to you" or 2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. AT: "I worship and adore you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not let me be humiliated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let my enemies humiliate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# humiliated + +"ashamed" + +# rejoice triumphantly over me + +"rejoice in triumph over me." The phrase "over me" implies that his enemies have defeated him and stand above in victory. AT: "defeat me and rejoice about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# May no one who hopes in you be disgraced + +"Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced." Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let enemies defeat those who hope in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who hopes in you + +"who trusts you" + +# act treacherously + +"act deceitfully" or "act with trickery" + +# without cause + +"without a reason" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/004.md b/psa/025/004.md index ae19b56f42..6a61b86914 100644 --- a/psa/025/004.md +++ b/psa/025/004.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Make known to me your ways, Yahweh; teach me your paths -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +Both statements mean the same thing. God teaching a person how they should behave is spoken of as if he were showing a person the correct path on which a person should travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I hope in you -* **your ways ... your paths** - "Ways" and "paths" represent behavior. "The phrases "your ways" and "your paths" refer to the way God wants people to behave. (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I hope in you** - "I depend on you" or "I wait patiently for you" +"I depend on you" or "I wait patiently for you" + +# Guide me into your truth and teach me + +Guide and teach mean the same thing, to give instruction. AT: "Instruct me to conduct my life by obeying your truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the God of my salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "saves." AT: "the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/006.md b/psa/025/006.md index f32a897347..67cce55485 100644 --- a/psa/025/006.md +++ b/psa/025/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Call to mind -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about and consider his acts of compassion and faithfulness. AT: "Remember" or "Think about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# your acts of compassion and of covenant faithfulness -* **Call to mind** - "Remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Do not think about the sins of my youth** - AT: "Do not think about how I sinned against you when I was young" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **or my rebelliousness** - AT: or about how I have rebelled against you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **Call me to mind** - "Remember me" -* **with covenant faithfulness because of your goodness** - AT: "and be faithful to me because of your covenant, because you are good" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +The abstract nouns "compassion" and "faithfulness" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "how you have been compassionate and faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for they have always existed + +Here "they" personifies God's compassion and covenant faithfulness. AT: "for that is how you have always been" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Do not think about the sins of my youth + +The abstract noun "sins" can be stated as "sinned." AT: "Do not think about how I sinned against you when I was young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# or my rebelliousness + +The abstract noun "rebelliousness" can be stated as "rebelled." AT: or about how I have rebelled against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Call me to mind + +This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about him. AT: "Remember me" or "Think about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with covenant faithfulness because of your goodness + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "goodness" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "and be faithful to me because of your covenant, because you are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/008.md b/psa/025/008.md index 2ba6f98660..6ff8b792b2 100644 --- a/psa/025/008.md +++ b/psa/025/008.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the way ... his way -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the humble +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "humble people" or "those who are humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/010.md b/psa/025/010.md index 5d5a9c3944..9061628fa2 100644 --- a/psa/025/010.md +++ b/psa/025/010.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# All the paths of Yahweh are steadfast love and faithfulness -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pardon]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The word "paths" is a metaphor for ways. AT: "Yahweh always loves us because of his covenant and he is always trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# For your name's sake -* **All the paths of Yahweh are made from covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness** - The phrase "paths of Yahweh" refers to the way he lives and behaves. AT: Yahweh is always faithful because of his covenant and he is always trustworthy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for your name's sake** - The phrase “your name” here refers to Yahweh's reputation. AT: “for your reputation” or “so that people will honor you” -* **pardon my sin for it is great** - AT: "Please pardon me, for I have sinned much" or "I have sinned terribly; please forgive me" +The phrase "your name" here refers to Yahweh's reputation. AT: "For your reputation" or "So that people will honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pardon my sin, for it is great + +The abstract noun "sin" can be stated as "sinned." AT: "please forgive me, for I have sinned much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/012.md b/psa/025/012.md index e726aa64fd..5f26268284 100644 --- a/psa/025/012.md +++ b/psa/025/012.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Who is the man who fears Yahweh? -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +This question introduces "the man who fears Yahweh" as a new topic. AT: "I will tell you about the man who fears Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# is the man who fears ... instruct him ... he should ... His life ... his descendants -* **Who is the man who fears Yahweh?** - This question introduces "the man who fears Yahweh" as a new topic. AT: "I will tell you about the man who fears Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the man who fears Yahweh** - "any person who fears Yahweh" -* **The Lord will instruct him in the way that he should choose** - "The Lord will teach him the way he should live" +This does not refer to a specific person. AT: "are those who fear ... instruct them ... they should ... Their lives ... their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# The Lord will instruct him in the way that he should choose + +Yahweh teaching people how they should behave is spoken of as if Yahweh were teaching the people what way or path they should travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His life will go along in goodness + +"God will cause him to prosper" or "God will cause them to prosper" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/014.md b/psa/025/014.md index f559e2d5b3..7c62368bd9 100644 --- a/psa/025/014.md +++ b/psa/025/014.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The friendship of Yahweh is for those -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +"Yahweh is a friend to those." Some translate it as "Yahweh confides in those." His confiding in them shows the intimate friendship he has with them. -## translationNotes +# My eyes are always on Yahweh -* **The friendship of Yahweh is for those** - "Yahweh is a friend to those." Some translate it as "Yahweh confides in those." His confiding in them shows the intimate friendship he has with them. -* **My eyes are always on Yahweh** - AT: "I always look to Yahweh." Looking to Yahweh implies asking him for help. (See: UDB and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **for he will free my feet from the net** - A net is a trap. Here it represents danger. AT: He will rescue me from danger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "eyes" represents looking. It is implied that he looks to Yahweh for help. AT: "I always look to Yahweh to help me" or "I always depend on Yahweh to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for he will free my feet from the net + +A net is a trap. A person who is in danger is spoken of as if their feet are tangled in a net. AT: He will rescue me from danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Turn toward me + +Yahweh paying attention to a person and considering him is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically turning towards the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/017.md b/psa/025/017.md index 14a565ab4a..a3257a3b86 100644 --- a/psa/025/017.md +++ b/psa/025/017.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The troubles of my heart are enlarged -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Here "heart" represents a person's emotions. AT: "I feel more and more troubled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# draw me out from my distress -* **The troubles of my heart are enlarged** - AT: "The troubles of my heart have increased" or "I feel very troubled in my heart" -* **draw me out from my distress** - "bring me out of my distress." AT: "rescue me from my distress" -* **my distress** - AT: "the things that distress me" or "the things that cause me to be afraid" -* **my affliction** - AT: "the things that afflict me" or "how afflicted I am" -* **they hate me with cruel hatred** - AT: "they hate me cruelly" or "they hate me fiercely" +"bring me out of my distress." This speaks of distress as if it were a place that a person can be brought out of. AT: "rescue me from my distress" or "relieve me of my distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my distress + +The word "distress" is an abstract noun. AT: "the things that distress me" or "the things that cause me to be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# See my affliction + +"Notice my affliction" + +# my affliction + +The abstract noun "affliction" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the things that afflict me" or "how afflicted I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my toils + +The word "toils" is an abstract noun. AT: "the things that trouble me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they hate me with cruel hatred + +"they hate me cruelly" or "they hate me fiercely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/020.md b/psa/025/020.md index 527d09d61a..fa15d83db7 100644 --- a/psa/025/020.md +++ b/psa/025/020.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# do not let me be humiliated -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let my enemies humiliate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# take refuge in you! -* **I will not be humiliated** - AT: "My enemies will not be able to humiliate me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **be humiliated** - "be ashamed" -* **May integrity and uprightness preserve me** - AT: "May being honest and doing what is right preserve me" or "Preserve me because I am honest and do what is right" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **preserve me** - "keep me safe" +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May integrity and uprightness preserve me + +This speaks about "integrity" and "uprightness" as if they were persons who could keep another person safe. These abstract nouns can be stated as adjectives. AT: "May being honest and doing what is right preserve me" or "Preserve me, Lord, because I am honest and do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# preserve me + +"keep me safe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/022.md b/psa/025/022.md index b44064a016..a1a96e91b7 100644 --- a/psa/025/022.md +++ b/psa/025/022.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Rescue Israel -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +"Save Israel" or "Redeem Israel" -## translationNotes +# Israel ... his troubles -* **Rescue Israel** - "Save Israel" or "Redeem Israel." This is a request. AT: "Please rescue Israel" +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel ... our troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/intro.md b/psa/025/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60f5f4ce98 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/025/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 025 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 25 is a prayer for God's help. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The humble ##### +God is very good to humble people who seek to obey him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 25:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../024/intro.md) | [>>](../026/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/001.md b/psa/026/001.md index d6eb01b8d0..c45a740eac 100644 --- a/psa/026/001.md +++ b/psa/026/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **without wavering** - The idea of "wavering" here represents doubting. AT: "without doubting" -* **Examine me** - "Test me" or "Try me" -* **test the purity of my inner parts and my heart** - AT: "Test my inner parts and my heart to see if they are pure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **my inner parts and my heart** - These body parts represent David's thoughts and attitude. Some languages may use different body parts of these. +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# I have walked + +The word "walked" is a metaphor for behavior. AT: "I have behaved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in Yahweh + +The third person use of "Yahweh" can be stated in the second person. AT: "in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# without wavering + +Doubting is spoken of as if it were losing balance and waving back and forth. AT: "without doubting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Examine me + +"Try me" + +# test the purity of my inner parts and my heart + +Here "inner parts" and "heart" mean motives. AT: "test whether my motives are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes + +Here "eyes" represent a person's thoughts and having something before one's eyes represents being aware of that thing. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness" or "For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I walk about in your faithfulness + +The word "walk" is a metaphor for behavior. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I conduct my life according to your faithfulness" or "I behave the way I do because you are faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/004.md b/psa/026/004.md index 36f27aba9b..ca596b2c50 100644 --- a/psa/026/004.md +++ b/psa/026/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I do not associate with -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +"I do not keep company with" or "I do not sit with" -## translationNotes +# with deceitful people -* **I do not associate with** - "I do not keep company with" or "I do not sit with" -* **nor do I mingle with** - "and I do not join with" -* **dishonest people** - "people who lie" -* **evildoers** - "people who do what is evil" +"with those who deceive others" + +# nor do I mingle with dishonest people + +This means the same as the first part of the sentence. AT: "and I do not join with dishonest people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# dishonest people + +"hypocrites" or "those who lie to others" + +# the assembly of evildoers + +"those who gather to do evil" + +# the wicked + +This is a nominal adjective. AT: "wicked people" or "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/006.md b/psa/026/006.md index a354f95461..9e5ec1ce45 100644 --- a/psa/026/006.md +++ b/psa/026/006.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I wash my hands in innocence -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# I go around your altar -* **I wash my hands in innocence** - This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. -* **I go around your altar** - This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing. -* **the house where you live** - This refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there. AT: "the holy tent where you live" or "your holy tent" +This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing. + +# the house where you live + +Possible meanings are 1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or 2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there. + +# the place where your glory lives + +Here "glory" represents the presence and power of God, which is similar to a very bright light. AT: "the place where people can see the glorious light of your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/009.md b/psa/026/009.md index e06e4b5065..2da146e72e 100644 --- a/psa/026/009.md +++ b/psa/026/009.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not sweep me away with sinners -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bribe]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +"Sweep away" is a metaphor for destruction. AT: "Do not destroy me along with sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# or my life -* **or with people who are bloodthirsty** - AT: "and do not sweep away my life with bloodthirsty men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **people who are bloodthirsty** - AT: "people who are eager to shed others' blood" or "people who are murderers" -* **in whose hands there is a plot** - "people who plan to do wicked things" -* **a plot** - "a wicked plan" +The word "sweep" is understood. AT: "or sweep my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# people who are bloodthirsty + +The word "bloodthirsty" represents wanting to kill people. AT: "people who are eager to shed others' blood" or "murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in whose hands + +"Hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "people in which" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a plot + +"a wicked plan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/011.md b/psa/026/011.md index 111efa0821..475079266b 100644 --- a/psa/026/011.md +++ b/psa/026/011.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But as for me -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +This phrase shows that the writer is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself. -## translationNotes +# I will walk in integrity -* **But as for me** - This phrase shows that David is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself. -* **level ground** - Possible meanings are that "level ground" represents 1) a safe place or 2) right behavior (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Walk" is a metaphor for behavior. AT: "I will behave with integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My foot stands + +Here "foot" represents the whole person. AT: "I stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# level ground + +Possible meanings are that "level ground" represents 1) a safe place or 2) right behavior (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the assemblies will I bless Yahweh + +"when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/intro.md b/psa/026/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7658deb06 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/026/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 026 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 26 is a teaching psalm; showing people how they should live by the example of the psalmsist. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +The psalmist delights in praising God and doing good deeds. It is striking how this psalm uses the first person pronoun. This is an individual psalm of petition. Each of the four petitions are accompanied with various claims. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 26:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../025/intro.md) | [>>](../027/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/001.md b/psa/027/001.md index deec10fdbe..7010953cfd 100644 --- a/psa/027/001.md +++ b/psa/027/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **whom should I fear?** - This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should fear. AT: "There is no one that I should be afraid of." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **whom should I dread?** - This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should be afraid of". AT: "There is no one that I should dread" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Yahweh is my light + +Here "light" represents life. AT: "Yahweh is the source of my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whom should I fear? + +This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should fear. AT: "I will not be afraid of anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yahweh is my life's refuge + +This speaks about Yahweh as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "Yahweh is the one who keeps me safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whom should I dread? + +This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should be afraid of. AT: "I will not dread anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/002.md b/psa/027/002.md index f2f908d469..e5dd198f48 100644 --- a/psa/027/002.md +++ b/psa/027/002.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# to devour my flesh -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] +Destroying someone completely is spoken of as if it were devouring a person's flesh. He did not mean that they wanted to eat his body. AT: "to destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my adversaries and my enemies -* **when evildoers drew near** - "when people who do evil came close" -* **to devour my flesh** - The idea of devouring something represents destroying something completely. AT: "to destroy me." He did not mean that they wanted to eat his body. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my adversaries and my enemies** - These are the evildoers who came near to him. -* **Though an army encamps against me** - AT: "though an army surrounds me" or "though an army puts its tents around me" -* **My heart will not fear** - AT: "I will not be afraid" -* **though war rises up** - AT: "though my enemies rise up to fight against me" -* **remain confident** - AT: "trust God to help me" +These words mean the same thing. These are the evildoers who came near to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# stumbled and fell + +This represents the writer's enemies failing to fulfill their plans to harm the writer. AT: "did not succeed" or "failed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Though an army encamps against me + +"though an army surrounds me" or "though an army puts its tents around me" + +# my heart will not fear + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I will not be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# though war rises up against me + +The writer's enemies are spoken of as if they themselves were a war. AT: "though my enemies come to fight against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will remain confident + +"I will continue to trust God to help me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/004.md b/psa/027/004.md index 925c1f72be..b3940cf0e5 100644 --- a/psa/027/004.md +++ b/psa/027/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# have I asked of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +"I have asked Yahweh to let me do" -## translationNotes +# I will seek that -* **I have asked of Yahweh** - "I have asked Yahweh to let me do" -* **to see the beauty of Yahweh** - "to see how beautiful Yahweh is" or "to look at how wonderful Yahweh is" -* **to meditate in his temple** - Possible meanings are 1) "to ask God what he wants me to do" or 2) "to think carefully about God in his temple" +A person really wanting something and continually asking God for it is spoken of as if he were seeking to find something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to see the beauty of Yahweh + +The wonderful character of God is spoken of as if it were physical beauty. AT: "to see how wonderful Yahweh is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to meditate in his temple + +Possible meanings are 1) "to ask God what he wants me to do" or 2) "to think carefully about God in his temple." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/005.md b/psa/027/005.md index ab40656052..16f431bd5c 100644 --- a/psa/027/005.md +++ b/psa/027/005.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# in the day of trouble -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +"in times of trouble" or "when I have troubles" -## translationNotes +# he will hide me -* **in the day of trouble** - AT: "in the time of trouble" or "when I have troubles" -* **he will shelter me** - "he will hide me" or "he will protect me" -* **booth** - a temporary shelter -* **in the cover of his tent** - The word "cover" represents something that hides and protects. -* **my head will be lifted up** - This represents pride or honor. AT: "People will honor me" or "I will be proud" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **above my enemies** - AT: "when I win the fight against my enemies" +"he will protect me" + +# his shelter ... his tent + +Both of these refer to the tabernacle where the writer is worshiping God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# in the cover of his tent + +The word "cover" represents something that hides and protects. + +# He will lift me high on a rock + +God keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if God were placing him on a high rock where his enemies cannot reach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my head will be lifted up above my enemies + +This represents the writer receiving pride or honor when he defeats his enemies. It can be stated in active form. AT: "people will honor me when I win the fight against my enemies" or "God will honor me by enabling me to defeat my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/007.md b/psa/027/007.md index f52631fc4d..6d72163eff 100644 --- a/psa/027/007.md +++ b/psa/027/007.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Hear, Yahweh, my voice -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The "voice" often represents a person who speak or calls out. AT: "Yahweh, hear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# answer me -* **answer me** - AT: "answer my prayer" (UDB) or "do what I request of you" -* **My heart says** - AT: "In my heart I say" or "I say to myself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Seek his face** - "Seek him" or "Seek Yahweh." This means to worship him. AT: "Worship him." +This implies that Yahweh hears the writer's prayer and Yahweh will do what the writer asks. AT: "answer my prayer" or "do what I request of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# My heart says + +Here "heart" represents a person's mind or thoughts. AT: "In my heart I say" or "I say to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Seek his face + +A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here "face" represents all of God. AT: "Go and pray to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I seek your face, Yahweh + +A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here "face" represents all of God. AT: "I will come to your temple to pray to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/009.md b/psa/027/009.md index e31c597cb1..f4cf3ff6a5 100644 --- a/psa/027/009.md +++ b/psa/027/009.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not hide your face from me -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The face here represents Yahweh's attention, and hiding the face represents rejecting someone. AT: "Do not reject me" or "Do not stop taking care of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# do not turn your servant away in anger -* **Do not hide your face from me** - The face here represents Yahweh's attention. AT: "Do not turn away from me" or "Do not take your attention away from me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Do not strike your servant in anger** - David said "your servant" to refer to himself in a humble way. AT: "Do not be angry with me and hit me." -* **or abandon me** - AT: "and do not abandon me" or "and do not leave me" or "and do not push me away" -* **God of my salvation** - AT: God who saves me" or because you are the God who saves me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **Even if my father and my mother forsake me** - Even if my father and my mother were to forsake me." He is not saying that they actually have done this or that they would do it. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **Yahweh will take me in** - "Yahweh will keep me" +David said "your servant" to refer to himself in a humble way. AT: "do not be angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# forsake me or abandon me + +The words "forsake" and "abandon" mean the same thing. The writer is emphasizing that he does not want God to leave him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# or abandon me + +The words "and do not" are understood. AT: "and do not abandon me" or "and do not leave me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# God of my salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "saves." AT: God who saves me" or "because you are the God who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Even if my father and my mother forsake me + +"Even if my father and my mother were to forsake me." He is not saying that they actually have done this or that they would do it. His point is that even if they did that, God would not abandon him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Yahweh will take me in + +"Yahweh will keep me" or "Yahweh will take care of me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/011.md b/psa/027/011.md index 1f843afd80..8e123143ca 100644 --- a/psa/027/011.md +++ b/psa/027/011.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Teach me your way -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +How a person should behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path that person should travel. AT: "Teach me how you want me to live" or "Teach me to do what you want me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Lead me on a level path -* **Teach me your way** - The word "way" here refers to how a person lives. AT: "Teach me how you want me to live" or "Teach me to do what you want me to do" (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **have risen up against me** - AT: "have stood up in order to speak against me" -* **they breathe out violence** - AT: "they say that they will do violent things to me" +Yahweh keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh leads the writer on a level path where he will not stumble and fall. AT: "Keep me safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not give me up to the desires of my enemies + +The abstract noun "desires" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Do not let my enemies do to me what they desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# have risen up against me + +"Risen up" is an idiom meaning that a witness stood in court to present testimony. AT: "have stood up in order to speak against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they breathe out violence + +Here violence is spoken for as if it was something a person could breathe out. AT: "they say that they will do violent things to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/013.md b/psa/027/013.md index 1941d3e076..7e0b535e26 100644 --- a/psa/027/013.md +++ b/psa/027/013.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# What would have happened to me -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This rhetorical question can be stated positively. AT: "Something bad would have happened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the goodness of Yahweh -* **What would have happened to me if...** - Some kind of information like this is implied by the Hebrew text, but versions differ on what they supply. AT: "Something bad would have happened to me if..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **let your heart be courageous** - "be courageous" +The abstract noun "goodness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the good things that Yahweh does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the land of the living + +This refers to being alive. AT: "while I am alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Wait for Yahweh ... Wait for Yahweh! + +This verse may be 1) the writer speaking to himself or 2) the writer speaking to others or 3) someone speaking to the writer. + +# let your heart be courageous + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "be courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Wait for Yahweh! + +This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/intro.md b/psa/027/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cfcf3734f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/027/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 027 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +Because of God's help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 27:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../026/intro.md) | [>>](../028/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/028/001.md b/psa/028/001.md index 8a988ecc9c..70780a28ba 100644 --- a/psa/028/001.md +++ b/psa/028/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **I cry out** - "I call out loudly" -* **my Rock** - David called Yahweh "my Rock." A person could climb to the top of a large rock for protection from his enemies. AT: "You are like a rock that keeps me from my enemies" or "my Protector." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **do not ignore me** - "do not be silent to me" or "do not leave me alone" -* **respond to me** - "answer me" -* **I will join those who go down to the grave** - "I will be like those who go down to the grave" or "I will die like those who are in the grave" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Hear the sound of my pleading** - AT: "hear the sound of my strong request" +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# I cry out + +"I call out loudly" + +# my rock + +This is a metaphor for strength. AT: "my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not ignore me + +"do not be silent to me" or "do not leave me alone" + +# I will join those who go down to the grave + +People who die are spoken of as if they are going down into the grave. AT: "I will die like those who are in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hear the sound of my pleading + +Here "sound" refers to the content of his request. AT: "Hear my strong request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I lift up my hands toward your most holy place + +Lifting up hands is a symbol of worship. The writer is not worshiping the holy place, but Yahweh who lives in the holy place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# your most holy place + +Possible meanings are 1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or 2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/028/003.md b/psa/028/003.md index 533eb803a8..a3e23d7cc6 100644 --- a/psa/028/003.md +++ b/psa/028/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not drag me away -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +God punishing people is spoken of as if he physically drags them away. In this metaphor Yahweh may be dragging them to prison, exile, or death. AT: "Do not remove me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# who speak peace with their neighbors -* **Give them what their deeds deserve and repay them what their wickedness demands** - These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the work of their hands** - This refers to what they have done with their hands. AT: "the things they have done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **render to them their due** - "give them what they deserve" +Here "neighbors" refers to people in general. AT: "who speak peacefully with other people" + +# but have evil in their hearts + +Here "hearts" represents a person's mind or thoughts. AT: "but are thinking something evil about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Give them what their deeds deserve ... repay them what their wickedness demands + +These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that they deserve for God to punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the work of their hands + +Here "hands" represent what the person has done. AT: "the things they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# render to them their due + +"give them what they deserve" + +# Because they do not understand ... never rebuild them + +Possible meanings are 1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or 2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people. + +# they do not understand the deeds of Yahweh + +It is implied that "do not understand" means they ignore or do not honor Yahweh's works. AT: "they do not regard with honor what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the work of his hands + +Here "hands" represents what Yahweh has done or created. AT: "what he has created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will tear them down and never rebuild them + +The punishment of the wicked people is spoken of as if they were a building or a city that God would destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/028/006.md b/psa/028/006.md index c64c89fbbf..97e3a258c2 100644 --- a/psa/028/006.md +++ b/psa/028/006.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# he has heard the sound of my pleading -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Here "sound" represents what the writer said. AT: "has heard what I said when I pleaded to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh is my strength -* **my shield** - This represents Yahweh's protection over David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he is the saving refuge of his anointed one** - AT: "he saves and gives refuge to his anointed one" +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong." AT: "Yahweh makes me strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my shield + +This represents Yahweh's protecting the writer. AT: "he protects me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my heart trusts + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I trust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I am helped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he helps me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my heart greatly rejoices + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I greatly rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh is the strength of his people + +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong." AT: "Yahweh makes his people strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he is the saving refuge of his anointed one + +Yahweh keeping the king safe is spoken of as if Yahweh were a place that the king could go for safety. AT: "he keeps safe the one he appointed to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his anointed one + +The represents the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/028/009.md b/psa/028/009.md index 80655b0c7f..3ed1589e82 100644 --- a/psa/028/009.md +++ b/psa/028/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# your inheritance -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +This speaks about the people of God as if they were something God inherited. AT: "your possession" or "those who belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Be their shepherd and carry them forever -* **your inheritance** - This refers to God's people. AT: "your possession" or "those who belong to you" (UDB) -* **carry them forever** - "protect them forever" +The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd and the people are his sheep. A shepherd would carry a sheep if it needed help or protection. AT: "Be like their shepherd and protect them forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/028/intro.md b/psa/028/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4bb5c52f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/028/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 028 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +The psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 28:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../027/intro.md) | [>>](../029/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/001.md b/psa/029/001.md index 48134de5f8..1bc616fdde 100644 --- a/psa/029/001.md +++ b/psa/029/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **sons of the mighty** - AT: "mighty men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that his name deserves** - The phrase "his name" refers to Yahweh or his reputation. AT: "as he deserves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]} -* **that is suitable** - "that is right" +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# you sons of God + +The phrase "sons of" is a way of saying "having the characteristics of." AT: "you mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength + +The abstract nouns "glory" and "strength" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves + +The abstract noun "glory" can be stated as a verb or adjective. AT: "Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves" or "Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his name deserves + +The phrase "his name" refers to Yahweh or his reputation. AT: "as is proper because of who he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bow down to Yahweh + +The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. AT: "Bow down to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in the splendor of holiness + +The abstract nouns "splendor" and "holiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "because he is gloriously beautiful and holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/003.md b/psa/029/003.md index b417029fc3..52e9ce4d2b 100644 --- a/psa/029/003.md +++ b/psa/029/003.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cedar|cedar]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon|Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:majesty|majesty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +The psalm shows Yahweh's power and glory. -## translationNotes +# The voice of Yahweh is heard over the waters -* The psalm shows Yahweh's power and glory. -* **The voice of Yahweh is heard over the waters** - "The voice of Yahweh sounds over the waters" or "Yahweh shouts above the waters" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the God of glory thunders** - AT: "The God of glory rumbles like thunder" or "The voice of the God of glory is loud like thunder" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **over many waters** - "over the large bodies of water" +God's voice is louder and clearer than all other sounds and noises. It can be heard over other loud sounds such as the sound of the waters. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Yahweh speaks his voice is louder than the sound of the sea" or "Yahweh shouts louder than the sound of the waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# over the waters + +This refers to the seas or the oceans. These waters make a very loud noise as the waves rise and fall. + +# The voice of Yahweh + +All occurrences of "voice" here represent Yahweh speaking. The writer is emphasizing that when Yahweh speaks, the sound is so loud it is heard over the waters, and it is so powerful it can destroy the largest trees. AT: "When Yahweh speaks, his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the God of glory thunders + +This speaks about God speaking as if it were the sound of thunder. Just like the sound of thunder, Yahweh's voice can be heard over large distances. AT: "The voice of the glorious God is loud like thunder" or "When the glorious God speaks it rumbles like thunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# over many waters + +"over the large bodies of water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/006.md b/psa/029/006.md index b8300fa0cf..3f28b65b9b 100644 --- a/psa/029/006.md +++ b/psa/029/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:kadesh]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] +The writer continues describing the power of God's voice. -## translationNotes +# He makes Lebanon skip like a calf -* **He makes Lebanon skip like a calf** - AT: He makes the land of Lebanon shake like a calf skipping. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **skip** - jump lightly back and forth -* **and Sirion like a young ox** - AT: "and he makes Sirion jump like a young ox" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Sirion** - This is a mountain in Lebanon. It is also called Mount Hermon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Lebanon is spoken of as if it were a young calf. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. AT: "He makes the land of Lebanon shake like a calf skipping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# skip + +jump lightly back and forth + +# Sirion like a young ox + +Sirion is spoken of as if it were a young ox. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. It may be helpful to add the missing words. AT: "he makes Sirion jump like a young ox" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Sirion + +This is a mountain in Lebanon. It is also called Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The voice of Yahweh sends out flames of fire + +All occurrences of "voice" here represent Yahweh speaking. AT: "When Yahweh speaks he causes lightning to flash in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flames of fire + +This refers to lightning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/009.md b/psa/029/009.md index 09568d635e..fad1cd5b49 100644 --- a/psa/029/009.md +++ b/psa/029/009.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The voice of Yahweh causes -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Here "voice" represents Yahweh speaking. AT: "When Yahweh speaks, the sound causes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the oaks to twist -* **to go into labor** - "to be ready to give birth" -* **strips the forests bare** - "removes everything from the forest" or "uncovers the forest" AT: "strips off the leaves" -* **Yahweh sits as king** - This means that he rules. AT: "Yahweh rules" or "Yahweh is king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"the large trees to shake" + +# strips the forests bare + +Removing the leaves of the trees is spoken of as if it was removing their clothing. AT: "strips off the leaves from the trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh sits as king + +This means that Yahweh rules. AT: "Yahweh rules" or "Yahweh is king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# over the flood + +Here "flood" refers to waters that cover the earth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/011.md b/psa/029/011.md index 2af3c71096..37be77f01f 100644 --- a/psa/029/011.md +++ b/psa/029/011.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh blesses his people with peace -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Yahweh blesses his people with peace** - "Yahweh blesses his people by giving them peace" +The word "peace" is an abstract noun. AT: "Yahweh blesses his people by causing them to prosper and to live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/intro.md b/psa/029/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..476222353c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/029/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Psalm 029 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 29 is a worship psalm. It tells how Yahweh rules all nature. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +God is powerful. All he has to do is to speak in order to control nature. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metonymy ##### + +The voice of the Yahweh stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 29:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../028/intro.md) | [>>](../030/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/001.md b/psa/030/001.md index 5c5bcc78b8..7071a770f9 100644 --- a/psa/030/001.md +++ b/psa/030/001.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:dedicate]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# a song at the dedication of the temple -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **a song at the dedication of the temple** - "This song was sung when the temple was dedicated." -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **you have brought up my soul from sheol** - AT: "you have kept my soul from going down to sheol" or "you have kept from from dying" +"This song was sung when the temple was dedicated" + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# you have raised me up + +The writer speaks of God rescuing him and keeping him from dying as if God had drawn him up from a deep well. AT: "you rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brought up my soul from Sheol + +Since "Sheol" was the place where dead people go, it refers to death. AT: "kept me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# brought up my soul + +Here "my soul" refers to the writer. AT: "brought me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from going down to the grave + +The "grave" represents death. AT: "from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/004.md b/psa/030/004.md index 198ec8085b..6dd690098a 100644 --- a/psa/030/004.md +++ b/psa/030/004.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Give thanks when you remember his holiness -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +The abstract nouns "thanks" and "holiness" can be stated as "thank" and "holy." AT: "Remember that God is holy and thank him" or "Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# his anger is only for a moment -* **Give thanks when you remember his holiness** - AT: "Remember God's holiness and thank him" or "Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him" -* **his anger is only for a moment** - "his anger lasts only a moment" or "he is angry for only a moment" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **a moment** - "a short time" +"his anger lasts only a moment." The abstract noun "anger" can be stated as "angry." AT: "he is angry for only a moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a moment + +Here "moment" represents a short amount of time. AT: "a short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but his favor is for a lifetime + +The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as the adjective "good." AT: "but he is good to us all of our lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Weeping comes for a night, but joy comes in the morning + +This speaks about "weeping" and "joy" as if they were something that travels and arrives at a certain time. AT: "We may cry during the night, but the next morning we will be joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/006.md b/psa/030/006.md index 25816c9b47..9911da86ab 100644 --- a/psa/030/006.md +++ b/psa/030/006.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# In confidence -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] +The word "confidence" is an abstract noun. The writer recalls a time when he was prospering and felt confident and safe. AT: "When I was confident" or "When I felt safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# I will never be shaken -* **in confidence** - AT: "When I was confident" or "When I felt safe" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **by your favor** - AT: "you showed me favor" or "you were kind to me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **you established me as a strong mountain** - Possible meanings are 1) "you made my mountain stand strong so that I would be safe" or 2) "you made me as strong as a mountain" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **when you hid your face** - "when you turned away from me" -* **I was troubled** - "I was fearful" or "I was worried" -* **sought favor from my Lord** - AT: "begged you, my Lord, to have favor on me" +The word "shaken" is a metaphor for defeat. AT: "No one will defeat me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by your favor + +The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as the verb "favored" or the adjective "kind." AT: "when you favored me" or "when you were kind to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you established me as a strong mountain + +The writer's security is spoken of as if he were a strong mountain. AT: "you made me as secure as a high mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when you hid your face + +This is an idiom. AT: "when you stopped helping me" or "when you rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I was troubled + +"I was fearful" or "I was worried" + +# sought favor from my Lord + +The phrase "sought favor" means to ask for help. AT: "I pleaded for you to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from my Lord + +The writer is referring to Yahweh in third person. It can be stated in second person. AT: "from you, my Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/009.md b/psa/030/009.md index f43f30a69a..517a986374 100644 --- a/psa/030/009.md +++ b/psa/030/009.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What advantage ... be my helper -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb, grave, burial place]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +This can be stated as a direct quotation as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# What advantage is there in my death, if I go down to the grave? -* **What advantage is there in my death... the grave?** - David uses this question to emphasize that there is no advantage in his death. AT: "There is no advantage in my dying and going down to the grave." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will the dust praise you? Will it declare your trustworthiness?** - David uses these questions to emphasize that the dust will not do these things. AT: "The dust will certainly not praise you or declare your trustworthiness." -* **dust** - This refers either to dead people or to dust that dead bodies become. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The writer uses this question to emphasize that he would be of no value to God if he were dead. AT: "There is no advantage in my dying and going down to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will the dust praise you? Will it declare your trustworthiness? + +The writer uses these questions to emphasize that his dead and decayed body cannot praise God. AT: "My dust will certainly not praise you or tell others about how trustworthy you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the dust + +This refers to the body of the writer which will decay and become dust when he is dead. AT: "my decayed body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/011.md b/psa/030/011.md index 70dc5836e9..460d862a5a 100644 --- a/psa/030/011.md +++ b/psa/030/011.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You have turned my mourning into dancing -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +It was customary for the Jews to dance when they were very happy. The abstract nouns "mourning" and "dancing" can be stated as verbs. AT: "You have caused me to stop mourning and to dance with joy instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# you have removed my sackcloth -* **You have turned my mourning into dancing** - AT: "You have caused me to stop mourning and to dance instead." People would dance when they were very happy. -* **you have removed my sackcloth** - AT: "You have caused me to take off the clothes that I wear when I mourn" -* **clothed me with gladness** - Hebrew often speaks of emotions as if they were clothing. AT: "made me glad" or "caused me to put on clothes that show that I am very glad." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **So now my honored heart will sing praise to you** - AT: "So now I am honored to sing praise to you" +Sackcloth was associated with mourning and sorrow. AT: "You have caused me to no longer be sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# clothed me with gladness + +The writer speaks of gladness as if it were a garment that he could put on. AT: "caused me to be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my glory will sing praise to you + +Here "my glory" refers to the writer's soul or heart or inner being. This represents the entire person of the writer, who worships God because God has made him glad. AT: "I will sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/intro.md b/psa/030/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a44b3c1051 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/030/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 030 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 30 is a psalm of praise and thanksgiving to God. The psalmist was near death but God rescued him. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The psalmist's death ##### +If he had died, it would not have been a help to God. But since God rescued him he can praise God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 30:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../029/intro.md) | [>>](../031/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/001.md b/psa/031/001.md index 1509a16153..f7fb07e5a3 100644 --- a/psa/031/001.md +++ b/psa/031/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:chief|chief]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* ** A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **never let me be humiliated** - AT: "do not let others humiliate me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **rock of refuge** - AT: "like a huge rock on which I can be safe" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **be my rock of refuge, a stronghold to save me** - The phrase "be my rock of refuge" is a request for protection. A second similar request is provided for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# In you, Yahweh, I take refuge + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "I go to you, Yahweh, for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# never let me be humiliated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "do not let others humiliate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be my rock of refuge, a stronghold to save me + +The phrase "be my rock of refuge" is a request for protection. The second phrase emphasizes the first phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my rock of refuge + +Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. AT: "like a huge rock on which I can be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a stronghold to save me + +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/003.md b/psa/031/003.md index 6140559e28..5c6acbcf17 100644 --- a/psa/031/003.md +++ b/psa/031/003.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my rock -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] +Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. AT: "like a huge rock on which I can be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my fortress -* **for your name's sake** - In this phrase "name" represents God. AT: "so that your name may be honored" or AT: "so that I may worship you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **lead and guide me** - AT: "lead me where you want me to go and always be by my side" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **you are my refuge** - AT: "you always protect me" or "you give me constant protection" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for your name's sake + +In this phrase "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "so that your name may be honored" or "so that I may worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lead and guide me + +The words "lead" and "guide" mean basically the same thing and strengthen the request that Yahweh lead him. AT: "lead me where you want me to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Pluck me out of the net that they have hidden for me + +The writer is spoken of as if he were a bird caught in a hidden net, and waiting for Yahweh to free him from the trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are my refuge + +Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a place where the writer can hide from people who are attacking him. AT: "you always protect me" or "you give me constant protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/005.md b/psa/031/005.md index eede8f8352..80fd5087ae 100644 --- a/psa/031/005.md +++ b/psa/031/005.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Into your hands -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +God is spirit, but he is here spoken of as if he has hands. Here "your hands" refers to Yahweh's care. AT: "Into your care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I entrust my spirit -* **Into your hands I entrust my spirit** - AT: "so I put myself into your care" (UDB) or "I depend on you to take care of me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **God of trustworthiness** - "you are a God I can trust" -* **I hate those who serve worthless idols** - AT: "Idols are worthless. I hate those who serve them." (See: [[en:ta:workbench:translate:distinguish-versus-inform]]) -* **you saw my affliction ... you knew the distress of my soul** - Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer's troubles. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "my spirit" refers to the writer. AT: "I place myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# God of trustworthiness + +"you are a God I can trust" + +# I hate those who serve worthless idols + +Here the word "worthless" refers to all idols. This can be clarified in translation. AT: "Idols are worthless. I hate those who serve them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# I will be glad and rejoice in your covenant faithfulness + +The words "glad" and "rejoice" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of joy. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "I will be very glad because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you saw my affliction ... you knew the distress of my soul + +Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer's troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the distress of my soul + +Here "my soul" refers to the writer. AT: "my distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/008.md b/psa/031/008.md index 739a3df98d..a1503ad8f2 100644 --- a/psa/031/008.md +++ b/psa/031/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You have set my feet -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +Here "my feet" refers to the writer. AT: "You have set me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# a wide open place -* **You have set my feet in a wide open place** - AT: "You have set me in a place where the enemy cannot capture me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I am in distress** - "I am suffering greatly;" -* **my soul and my body** - The terms "soul and body" are used to describe the complete person. +The Hebrews thought of wide open spaces as a metaphor for safety and freedom. AT: "a place where I am free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am in distress + +"I am suffering greatly" + +# my soul and my body + +The terms "soul" and "body" are used to describe the complete person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/010.md b/psa/031/010.md index 4992cf6278..ef2254d2b4 100644 --- a/psa/031/010.md +++ b/psa/031/010.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For my life is weary -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +Here "my life" refers to the writer. AT: "I have become very weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# with sorrow ... with groaning -* **For my life is weary with sorrow** - AT: "I have become very weak because I am sorrowful." -* **My strength fails because of my sin** - AT: "I have become weak because of my sin," -* **my bones are wasting away** - AT: "my health is failing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **people disdain me** - "people insult me" -* **are appalled at my situation** - "are shocked at my situation," -* book1}} +"because of my sorrow ... because of my groaning" + +# my years with groaning + +The phrase "is weary" is missing, but is implied. AT: "my years are weary with groaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# My strength fails + +Here "My strength" refers to the writer. AT: "I have become weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my bones are wasting away + +Here "my bones" refers to the physical health of the writer. AT: "my health is failing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# people disdain me + +"people insult me" + +# are appalled at my situation + +"are shocked at my condition" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/012.md b/psa/031/012.md index d8dabab053..83ce112ffc 100644 --- a/psa/031/012.md +++ b/psa/031/012.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# as a dead man whom no one thinks about -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +People do not think about dead people. The writer does not think people think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# like a broken pot -* **as a dead man** - This phrase stresses that the writer has no place among people. He is completely ignored. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **like a broken pot** - The writer feels that he is useless. -* **the whispering of many** - AT: "many people talking about me," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **terrifying news from every side** - AT: "scary reports from many sources" -* **take away my life** - AT: "kill me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The writer speaks of himself as if he was completely useless. "as useless as a broken pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the whispering of many + +It is implied that "many" refers to people. AT: "many people talking about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# terrifying news from every side + +"scary reports from many sources" + +# take away my life + +This idiom means to kill someone. AT: "kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/014.md b/psa/031/014.md index f2a20badb1..19863a2910 100644 --- a/psa/031/014.md +++ b/psa/031/014.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# My destiny is in your hand -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "your hand" refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "You have the power to decide my future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# from those who pursue me -* **from those who pursue me** - AT: "from those who try to capture me" -* **My destiny is in your hand** - AT: "You will decide my future." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Make your face shine on your servant** - AT: "Treat me kindly;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"from people who try to capture me" + +# Make your face shine on your servant + +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh's face shone a light on him. AT: "Act favorably towards your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# save me in your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "save me because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/017.md b/psa/031/017.md index e95871899b..75b29ad62a 100644 --- a/psa/031/017.md +++ b/psa/031/017.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not let me be humiliated -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:contempt]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let others make me feel ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# May the wicked be humiliated! -* **let me be humiliated** - AT: "let others make me feel ashamed," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **May the wicked be humiliated!** - AT: "I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!" -* **May they be silent in sheol. May lying lips be silenced** - This idea is repeated to emphasize the writer's desire that the voices of the wicked are not heard. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **May they be silent in sheol** - AT: "Let them die" -* **that speak against the righteous defiantly** - AT: "that say terrible things about righteous people" -* **with arrogance and contempt** - These terms have similar meanings. AT: "with a complete lack of respect." +"I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!" + +# the wicked + +This refers to "wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# May they be silent in Sheol. May lying lips be silenced + +This idea is repeated to emphasize the writer's desire that the voices of the wicked are not heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# May they be silent in Sheol + +Here "in Sheol" represents death. AT: "Let them die so they cannot speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lying lips + +These represent lying people. AT: "people who lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that speak against the righteous defiantly + +Here "the righteous" refers to people who are righteous. AT: "that say terrible things about righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# with arrogance and contempt + +These terms have similar meanings. AT: "with a complete lack of respect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/019.md b/psa/031/019.md index 95ab2628d7..aee49fc54e 100644 --- a/psa/031/019.md +++ b/psa/031/019.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# is your goodness -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +This can be expressed with a verb. AT: "are the good things you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# that you have stored up -* **that you have stored up for those who revere you** - AT: "that you have provided for those who respect you greatly," -* **in the shelter of your presence ... you hide them in a shelter from the violence of tongues** - AT: "You hide people in your presence where they are safe, and you protect them from the ones who criticize them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **You hide them in a shelter** - AT: "You provide a safe place for them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh's goodness is spoken of as if it was something that could be stored up like a harvest. AT: "that you are keeping ready to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who revere you + +"those who respect you greatly" + +# take refuge in you + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 31:1](./001.md). AT: "those who go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In the shelter of your presence, you hide them ... You hide them in a shelter + +These phrases both mean that God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# In the shelter + +Yahweh's presence is spoken of as if it is a strong building where the writer would be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You hide them in a shelter + +Here a "shelter" represents a safe place. AT: "You provide a safe place for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the violence of tongues + +Here "tongues" refer to the people who are speaking violent things against the writer. AT: "where their enemies cannot speak evil at them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/021.md b/psa/031/021.md index d41145a20e..2751b4a47b 100644 --- a/psa/031/021.md +++ b/psa/031/021.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he showed me his marvelous covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "he showed me that he is wonderfully faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# I am cut off from your eyes -* **I am cut off from your eyes** - AT: "You have removed me from your presence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you heard my plea for help** - "You heard me plead for help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have removed me from your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your eyes + +Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you heard my plea for help + +Here "plea" can be expressed with a verb. AT: "you heard me plead for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/023.md b/psa/031/023.md index 0a42f65880..ad1c72d593 100644 --- a/psa/031/023.md +++ b/psa/031/023.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the faithful -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +This refers to the faithful people. AT: "the people who are faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# he pays back the arrogant in full -* **he pays back the arrogant in full** - AT: "he gives them all of the punishment that they deserve." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "pay back" is an idiom that refers to punishment. AT: "he gives the proud people all of the punishment that they deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/intro.md b/psa/031/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c5c9cd5a0d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/031/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 031 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 31 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist's enemies thought they had defeated him, but God protected him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abandonment ##### +Even though everyone deserted and despised the psalmist, God did not abandon him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 31:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../030/intro.md) | [>>](../032/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/001.md b/psa/032/001.md index a00f68988b..90e195abd0 100644 --- a/psa/032/001.md +++ b/psa/032/001.md @@ -1,30 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote” -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered** - AT: "who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **whose sin is covered** - AT: "whose sin is ignored" or "whose sin is deliberately forgotten" -* **to whom Yahweh reckons no guilt** - AT: "whom Yahwey sees as innocent" or "who is not guilty according to Yahweh" -* **in whose spirit there is no deceit** - AT: "in whom there is not deceit" or "who is completely honest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. + +# whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered + +These phrases have similar meanings. They can be stated in active form. AT: "who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whose sin is covered + +Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. AT: "whose sin is ignored" or "whose sin is deliberately forgotten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to whom Yahweh reckons no guilt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Yahweh sees as innocent" or "who is not guilty according to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in whose spirit there is no deceit + +Here "spirit" refers to the person. AT: "in whom there is not deceit" or "who is completely honest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/003.md b/psa/032/003.md index 9c4cd35553..35552ae552 100644 --- a/psa/032/003.md +++ b/psa/032/003.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my bones were wasting away -* [[en:tw:groan]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +Here "my bones" refers to the writer. AT: "I was wasting away" or "I was getting weaker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# all day long -* **my bones were wasting away** - AT: "I was wasting away" or "I was getting weaker" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **all day long** - AT: "continually" or "all the time" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **day and night** - AT: "all the time" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **your hand was heavy upon me** - AT: "you made me suffer heavily" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **My strength withered as in summer drought** - David's strength is compared to a small, green plants that turns brown and crumbles in the dry season. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Selah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:003:001]]. +This idiom means "continually." AT: "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# day and night + +These extremes include everything in between. AT: "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# your hand was heavy upon me + +Here "hand" refers to Yahweh. The entire phrase is an idiom that means "you afflicted me." AT: "you made me suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# My strength withered as in summer drought + +David's strength is compared to a small, green plant that turns brown and crumbles in the dry season. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/005.md b/psa/032/005.md index b5053eb946..331ce66572 100644 --- a/psa/032/005.md +++ b/psa/032/005.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Selah -* [[en:tw:acknowledge]] -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:confess|confess]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:godly|godly, godliness]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## translationNotes +# at a time of great distress -* **Selah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:003:001]]. -* **at a time of great distress** - AT: "when they are in great trouble." Other translations may read "while you may be found." -* **Then when the surging waters overflow, they will not reach those people** - The waters are a metaphor for difficulties. AT: "Then when difficulties come like a flood of water, they will be safe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"when they are in great trouble." + +# Then when the surging waters overflow, they will not reach those people + +Difficulties are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. AT: "Then when difficulties come like a flood of water, those people will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/007.md b/psa/032/007.md index 379d6b4426..87c9f39e64 100644 --- a/psa/032/007.md +++ b/psa/032/007.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# You are my hiding place -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:counselor|counsel, counselor]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Yahweh is spoken of as if he was a safe place from the attacks of the writer's enemies. AT: "You are like a place where I can hide myself from my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You will surround me with the songs of victory -* **You are my hiding place** - AT: "You are like a place where I can hide myself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **You will surround me with the songs of victory** - AT: "Because of you I will sing songs of victory" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Selah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:003:001]]. -* **I will instruct you and teach you** - These two verbs have the same meaning and are repeated to emphasize how important these lessons are. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **I will instruct** - Here the "I" is probably Yahweh who talks directly to David. -* **in the way which you should go** - AT: "how you should live your life" -* **with my eye upon you** - AT: "and direct my attention to you" or "and watch over you" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This metaphor apparently means that Yahweh's protection of the writer is the cause for songs of victory to be sung. AT: "Because of you I will sing songs of victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# I will instruct you and teach you in the way + +The words "instruct" and "teach" mean basically the same thing and emphasize careful instruction. AT: "I will teach you everything about the way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will instruct + +Here the "I" is probably Yahweh who talks directly to David. + +# in the way which you should go + +Living in the correct way is spoken of as if it were a path that the writer should walk. AT: "how you should live your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with my eye upon you + +Here "my eye" refers to Yahweh's attention. AT: "and direct my attention to you" or "and watch over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/009.md b/psa/032/009.md index a8114c8356..290872e45a 100644 --- a/psa/032/009.md +++ b/psa/032/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not be like a horse ... no understanding -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. Possible meanings are 1) the writer is speaking Yahweh's words to his readers, "You all must not be like a horse ... no understanding" or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# bridle and bit -* **Do not be like a horse or like a mule, which have no understanding** - A person whith no understanding is compared to farm animals, and David is told not to be like them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Do not be like** - The implied audience is plural. AT: "You all must not be like" -* **bridle and bit** - Two tools that are used by people to make horses and mules do their work. -* **where you want them to** - The "you" here is singular. -* **will surround** - AT: "will always be near to" or "will guide" or "will protect" +Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go. + +# where you want them to + +"where anyone wants them to go." The "you" here is singular and refers to no one in particular. + +# Yahweh's covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him + +Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/011.md b/psa/032/011.md index b2faa12c75..11aae30980 100644 --- a/psa/032/011.md +++ b/psa/032/011.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Be glad in Yahweh -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "in Yahweh" refers to what Yahweh has done for them. "Be glad because of what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# you righteous -* **Be glad in Yahweh** - AT: "Be glad becaus of Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **shout for joy** - AT: "shout joyfully" -* **who are upright in heart** - AT: "who are upright" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This refers to people. AT: "you righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# shout for joy + +"shout joyfully" or "shout because of joy" + +# who are upright in heart + +Here "heart" refers to the person. AT: "people who are upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/intro.md b/psa/032/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..145daa1233 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/032/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 032 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Confession of sin ##### +This psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God's forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 32:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../031/intro.md) | [>>](../033/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/001.md b/psa/033/001.md index 7fd3336660..16f0bd7bf2 100644 --- a/psa/033/001.md +++ b/psa/033/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:lute|lute, lyre]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Rejoice in Yahweh -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Rejoice in Yahweh** - AT: "Rejoice because of Yahweh" -* **praise is appropriate for the upright** - AT: "to praise Yahweh is appropriate for upright people" +Here "in Yahweh" refers to what Yahweh has done for them. "Rejoice because of what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# praise is appropriate for the upright + +"to praise Yahweh is appropriate for upright people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/004.md b/psa/033/004.md index 828843eae1..b0229b2317 100644 --- a/psa/033/004.md +++ b/psa/033/004.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh's word is upright -* **He loves righteousness and justice** - AT: "He loves doing what is right and just" or "He loves those who do what is right and just" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **The earth is full of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness** - AT: "Yahweh's covenant faithfulness can be experienced all over the world" or "The earth exists because of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness" -* **By the word of Yahweh the heavens were made** - AT: "By using his word, Yahweh made the heavens" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **by the breath of his mouth** - AT: "by speaking" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "upright" is used as a metaphor for something that is true. AT: "Yahweh always does what he says that he will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He loves righteousness and justice + +These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. AT: "He loves doing what is right and just" or "He loves those who do what is right and just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The earth is full of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness + +People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. The abstract noun "covenant faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "People everywhere on earth can see that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant" or "Throughout the earth, there is evidence that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# By the word of Yahweh the heavens were made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "By using his word, Yahweh made the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the breath of his mouth + +This refers to Yahweh's word. AT: "by his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/007.md b/psa/033/007.md index eba97944b7..4bea358eb3 100644 --- a/psa/033/007.md +++ b/psa/033/007.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:awe|awe, awesome]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:storehouse]] -* [[en:tw:storehouse|storehouse]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# like a heap -* **like a heap** - "like a dam." The writer describes the creation of the sea as if God put all the waters on one heap. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he puts the oceans in storehouses** - The writer describes the creation of the oceans as if God put them in a storehouse AT: "he puts the oceans in their place, just like a man puts grain in a storehouse" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Let the whole earth** - AT: "Let everyone on earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"like behind a dam." The writer describes the creation of the sea as if God piles up all the waters together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he puts the oceans in storehouses + +The writer describes the creation of the oceans as if God put them in a storehouse. AT: "he puts the oceans in their place, just like a man puts grain in a storehouse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let the whole earth + +This refers to the people on the earth. AT: "Let everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stand in awe of him + +Here "stand in awe" is an idiom that means "be in awe." AT: "honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# stood in place + +Here "stood in place" is an idiom that means "was created." AT: "started to exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/010.md b/psa/033/010.md index fd3fed777d..d56a6ff4bf 100644 --- a/psa/033/010.md +++ b/psa/033/010.md @@ -1,22 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh frustrates -* **Yahweh frustrates** - "Yahweh destroys" or "Yahweh breaks" -* **alliances** - An alliance is an agreement between two or more nations to support each other in a war against a common enemy. -* **the plans of the peoples** - "the intentions of the peoples" AT: "the evil plans of the peoples" -* **the plans of his heart for all generations** - AT: "the plans of his heart stand for all generations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **the plans of his heart** - AT: "his plans" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **for all generations** - AT: "for all future generations" or "forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **whose God is Yahweh** - AT: "for whom only Yahweh is God" or "who only worship Yahweh as God" +"Yahweh destroys" or "Yahweh breaks" + +# the alliances of nations + +Here "nations" refers to the people of these nations. AT: "the alliances of the people of different nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# alliances + +An alliance is an agreement between two or more nations to support each other in a war against a common enemy. + +# the plans of the peoples + +"the intentions of the peoples" AT: "the evil plans of the peoples" + +# stand forever + +Here "stand" is an idiom that means "endure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the plans of his heart for all generations + +The missing term "stand" is implied. AT: "the plans of his heart stand for all generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the plans of his heart + +Here "his heart" refers to Yahweh. AT: "his plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for all generations + +"for all future generations." This is an idiom that means "forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Blessed is the nation + +Here "the nation" refers to the people of the nation. AT: "Blessed are the people of the nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whose God is Yahweh + +"who worship Yahweh as God" + +# as his own inheritance + +The people Yahweh has chosen to worship him are described here as if they were an inheritance that he has received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/013.md b/psa/033/013.md index 0bdcdc288a..861fbf35c8 100644 --- a/psa/033/013.md +++ b/psa/033/013.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he looks down -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +The place where Yahweh lives is spoken of as if it is above the earth where people live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# shapes the hearts of them all -* **shapes the hearts of them all** - AT: "is the creator of all their hearts" or "forms them all" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "hearts" refers to the thinking of these people. The writer speaks of Yahweh guiding the thinking of the people as if he were a potter who was shaping a bowl. AT: "guides their thinking as a potter shapes a bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/016.md b/psa/033/016.md index 216e37412c..30fb556ed6 100644 --- a/psa/033/016.md +++ b/psa/033/016.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# No king is saved by a vast army -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] +This could be stated in active form. AT: "A large army is not what saves a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# A horse is false security -* **No king is saved by a vast army** - "There is no king who is saved by a great army" AT: "Kings are not saved by their great strength" -* **A horse is false security** - The horse stands for the strongest part of the army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "a horse" represents the strongest part of the army. AT: "Having an army with strong horses does not provide security" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/018.md b/psa/033/018.md index 29a318cc52..6c453ced04 100644 --- a/psa/033/018.md +++ b/psa/033/018.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:Life]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +This word shows that a new theme begins in this Psalm. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## translationNotes +# Yahweh's eye -* **See** - This word functions to show that a new theme begins in the Psalm. AT: "Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -* **Yahweh's eye** - AT: "Yahweh's attention" or "Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **who count on** - "who wait for" or "who hope for" -* **to deliver their lives from death** - AT: "to keep them from dying" or "to protect them from danger" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "eye" refers to Yahweh's attention. AT: "Yahweh's attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who count on his covenant faithfulness + +The idiom to "count on" means to "wait for" or to "expect." The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adverb. AT: "those who expect him to act faithfully because of his covenant" or "those who wait for him to act because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to deliver their lives from death + +Here "their lives" refers to the people. AT: "to keep them from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/020.md b/psa/033/020.md index 84a120a606..e1f4759b88 100644 --- a/psa/033/020.md +++ b/psa/033/020.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# We wait for Yahweh -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Here "wait" is an idiom that refers to trust. AT: "We trust in Yahweh" or "We hope in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# he is our help and our shield -* **We wait for Yahweh** - AT: "We trust in Yahweh" (UDB) or "We hope in Yahweh" -* **he is our help and our shield** - AT: "he is our helper and protects us like a shield" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Our hearts rejoice** - AT: "We rejoice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **in his holy name** - AT: "in his holy character" or "in him" or "him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a shield that protects soldiers in battle. AT: "he is our helper and protects us like a shield" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Our hearts rejoice + +Here "hearts" refer to the people. AT: "We rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in his holy name + +Here "holy name" refers to Yahweh's holy character. AT: "in his holy character" or "in him because he is holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/022.md b/psa/033/022.md index b09da0d394..797aa26889 100644 --- a/psa/033/022.md +++ b/psa/033/022.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with us -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh acting faithfully towards the people is spoken of as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness were with them. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "May you always act faithfully towards us because of your covenant, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# as we put our hope in you -* **be with us** - AT: "work for our good" or "help us" or "protect us" -* **as we put our hope in you** - AT: "as we put our trust in you" or "as we hope for your help" +"as we hope for your help" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/intro.md b/psa/033/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c38bbc931b --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/033/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 033 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 33 is a worship song. It tells how great God is. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +God is the creator and also the God of his people, Israel. Whatever he plans works out. He alone provides safety in battle. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 33:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../032/intro.md) | [>>](../034/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/001.md b/psa/034/001.md index 26d1c9e642..b3a23afbb0 100644 --- a/psa/034/001.md +++ b/psa/034/001.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abimelech]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **pretended to be insane** - AT: "acted like a crazy person" -* **before Abimelech** - AT: "when he was in Abimelech's house" or "when he was Abimelech's prisoner" -* **drove him out** - AT: "forcefully sent him away" -* **his praise will always be in my mouth** - AT: "his praise will aways be in my speech" or "I will always praise him out loud" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# pretended to be insane + +"acted like a crazy person" + +# before Abimelech + +This refers to a specific historical event that the Hebrews knew well. AT: "when he was in Abimelech's house" or "when he was Abimelech's prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# drove him out + +"forcefully sent him away" + +# his praise will always be in my mouth + +Here "in my mouth" refers to David speaking about Yahweh. AT: "I will always praise him out loud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/002.md b/psa/034/002.md index 6ce54be2d9..62fe1623e8 100644 --- a/psa/034/002.md +++ b/psa/034/002.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the oppressed -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +This refers to people who are oppressed. AT: "the oppressed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# Praise Yahweh with me -* **Praise Yahweh with me** - The verb "praise" is a command to a group. AT: "Everyone should praise Yahweh with me" -* **let us lift up** - "let us exalt" AT: "let us describe as great" -* **his name** - AT: "his character" or "him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The verb "praise" is a command to a group. AT: "Everyone should praise Yahweh with me" + +# lift up his name + +Here "lift up" is an idiom that refers to exalting Yahweh. AT: "tell people how great he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his name + +Here "his name" refers to Yahweh's character. AT: "his character" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/004.md b/psa/034/004.md index ed6da6d9c8..4bb3df686a 100644 --- a/psa/034/004.md +++ b/psa/034/004.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I sought Yahweh -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Here "sought Yahweh" means David was asking Yahweh for help. AT: "I prayed to Yahweh" or "I asked Yahweh for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Those who look to him -* **I sought Yahweh** - This does not mean that Yahweh was lost. AT: "I prayed to Yahweh" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Those who look to him** - AT: "Those who look at him for help" or "those who expect help only from him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **are radiant** - "shine" AT: "are joyful" (UDB) -* **and their faces are not ashamed** - AT: "and they are not ashamed" or "and their faces are bold" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **This oppressed man** - David describes himself as an oppressed man. AT: "I was oppressed and" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) -* **Yahweh heard him** - AT: "Yahweh heard me" or "Yahweh helped him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "look to" represents seeking help from him. AT: "Those who look at him for help" or "those who expect help only from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are radiant + +This idiom refers to their appearance as being joyful. AT: "are joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# their faces are not ashamed + +Here "their faces" refers to the people who look to Yahweh. It can also be stated in positive form. AT: "they are not ashamed" or "they are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# This oppressed man + +David describes himself as an oppressed man. AT: "I was oppressed and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Yahweh heard him + +Here "heard" means that Yahweh helped him. AT: "Yahweh heard me" or "Yahweh helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/007.md b/psa/034/007.md index 10109f7b1e..dbc5a45b9e 100644 --- a/psa/034/007.md +++ b/psa/034/007.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# camps around -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +The angel of Yahweh is spoken of as if he were an army that camps around someone in order to protect them. AT: "guards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Taste and see that Yahweh is good -* **Taste and see that Yahweh is good** - Yahweh's goodness cannot be literally tasted and seen. AT: "Try and experience that Yahweh is good" (see: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **there is no lack for those who fear him** - AT: "those who fear him will always have what they need" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Yahweh's goodness is spoken of as something that can be tasted and seen. AT: "Try and experience that Yahweh is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# takes refuge + +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a place where people can hide for protection from their enemies. AT: "trust him to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is no lack for those who fear him + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Those who fear him will always have what they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/010.md b/psa/034/010.md index 4c9b448fe1..47a3999923 100644 --- a/psa/034/010.md +++ b/psa/034/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# will not lack anything good -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will always have the good things they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# sons -* **will not lack anything good** - AT: "will always have the good things they need" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +Here this does not refer to literal sons of the writer, but to the people he is teaching about Yahweh. AT: "my students" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/012.md b/psa/034/012.md index afa9ff33f2..87f00bf0f1 100644 --- a/psa/034/012.md +++ b/psa/034/012.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# What man is there who desires life and loves many days, that he may see good? -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The implicit answer to this question is "every man." This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Every man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# keep your tongue from evil ... keep your lips from speaking lies -* **What man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life?** - The implicit answer to this question is "every man." AT: "Every man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Then keep from speaking evil** - AT: "Therefore, keep from speaking evil" -* **keep your lips from speaking lies** - AT: "keep yourself from speaking lies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These two phrases refer to the same thing and it is said in different ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Then keep your tongue from evil + +Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. AT: "Therefore, do not speak evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# keep your lips from speaking lies + +Here "lips" refers to the person speaking. AT: "do not speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Turn away from evil + +Here "Turn away" is a metaphor for avoiding evil. AT: "Refuse to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Seek peace + +Here "seek" means to be concerned about peace. AT: "Try hard to live in peace with other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/015.md b/psa/034/015.md index dfde9b3806..cd3b7ca336 100644 --- a/psa/034/015.md +++ b/psa/034/015.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The eyes of Yahweh are on the righteous -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "the eyes of Yahweh" refer to his careful watching. "The righteous" is a reference to righteous people. AT: "Yahweh carefully watches over the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# his ears are directed toward their cry -* **The eyes of Yahweh are on the righteous** - AT: "Yahweh watches over the righteous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **his ears are directed toward their cry** - AT: "he directs his attention toward their cry" or "he pays attention to their cry" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in order to wipe out their memory from the earth** - AT: "so that when they are dead, people will forget them completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and Yahweh hears** - AT: "and Yahweh pays attention to them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here Yahweh is represented by his "ears." To be directed toward something means to pay attention to it. AT: "he pays attention to their cry" or "he answers their cry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to cut off the memory of them from the earth + +Yahweh will cause people to so completely forget them when they die that it is as if he used a knife to cut off any memory of them. AT: "so that when they are dead, people will forget them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh hears + +Here "hears" means that Yahweh desires to respond to them. AT: "Yahweh pays attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/018.md b/psa/034/018.md index 7b92636b8e..d393401435 100644 --- a/psa/034/018.md +++ b/psa/034/018.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh is close -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] +Here "is close" means "ready to help." AT: "Yahweh is always ready to help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the brokenhearted -* **Yahweh is near the brokenhearted** - AT: "Yahweh comforts those who are very sad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **those with a crushed spirit** - AT: "those who feel like they are completely crushed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **He protects all his bones; not one of them will be broken** - AT: "He provides complete protection for him; he will not be harmed in any way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are brokenhearted. Deep sadness is spoken of as if the person's heart is broken. AT: "people who are very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# those who are crushed in spirit + +People who are deeply discouraged are spoken of as if their spirits are crushed. AT: "people who are deeply discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to people who are righteous. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# He keeps all his bones, not one of them will be broken + +Here "all his bones" is literal, but it also implies that Yahweh takes care of the entire person. AT: "He provides complete protection for him, he will not be harmed in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/021.md b/psa/034/021.md index 2137dea4ba..5c012848f8 100644 --- a/psa/034/021.md +++ b/psa/034/021.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Evil will kill the wicked -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:condemn|condemn]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +Evil is described as if it were a man who can kill people. AT: "The evil deeds of wicked people will kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# the wicked -* **Evil will kill the wicked** - Evil is described as if it were a man who can kill people. AT: "Evil people will be killed because of their own wicked deeds" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **none of those who take refuge in him will be condemned** - AT: "everyone who takes refuge in him will be forgiven" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +This refers to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Those who hate the righteous will be condemned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will condemn those who hate the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned + +This can be stated in active form. It can also be stated in positive form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive everyone who takes refuge in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# take refuge in him + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/intro.md b/psa/034/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..515812dd19 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/034/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 034 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) + +The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 34:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../033/intro.md) | [>>](../035/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/001.md b/psa/035/001.md index 22110e26a5..b47aadfdde 100644 --- a/psa/035/001.md +++ b/psa/035/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **Grab your small shield and ... your spear and battle axe** - These phrases describe God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **say to my soul** - AT: "say to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I am your salvation** - AT: "I am your savior" or "I will save you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Grab your small shield and large shield ... your spear and battle ax + +These phrases describe God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# small shield and large shield + +these are defensive weapons + +# spear and battle ax + +these are offensive weapons + +# those who chase me + +Possible meanings are 1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or 2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# say to my soul + +This refers to the writer. AT: "say to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I am your salvation + +This can be stated without the abstract noun. AT: "I am your savior" or "I will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/004.md b/psa/035/004.md index 86f80d6648..2882143933 100644 --- a/psa/035/004.md +++ b/psa/035/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# May -* **May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored** - AT: "May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **May** - AT: "I wish that" -* **who seek my life** - AT: "who are trying to kill me" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **May those who plan to harm me be turned back and confounded** - AT: "May Yahweh turn back and confound those who plan to harm me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **confounded** - "confused" or "perplexed" -* **as chaff before the wind** - David's enemies are compared to chaff that is blown away. AT: "blown away by the wind like chaff" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **their way be dark and slippery** - AT: "may their life be dark and slippery" or "may their way be hidden and full of dangers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I wish that" + +# who seek my life + +Here "seek my life" means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his "life." AT: "who are trying to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# May those who plan to harm me be turned back and confounded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh turn back and confound those who plan to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be turned back + +"be turned back" is a metaphor for being unable to accomplish their goal. AT: "be unsuccessful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# confounded + +"confused" or "perplexed" + +# as chaff before the wind + +The writer's enemies are spoken of as if they are chaff that is easily blown away. AT: "blown away by the wind like chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their way + +Here "their way" refers to their lives. AT: "their lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dark and slippery + +This refers to a way that is hidden and dangerous. AT: "hidden and full of dangers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# chases them + +This refers to the angel of Yahweh being opposed to the writer's enemies. AT: "works against them" or "opposes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/007.md b/psa/035/007.md index 439536867f..a6d6d059d5 100644 --- a/psa/035/007.md +++ b/psa/035/007.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# they set their net for me -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] +The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they set to catch the writer. AT: "they want to catch me in a net like a small animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they dug a pit for my life -* **they set their net for me** - AT: "they want to catch me in a net like a small animal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they dug a pit for my life** - AT: "they wanted to capture me in a pit like a big animal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my life** - AT: "me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Let destruction overtake them by surprise** - AT: "Let them be destroyed by surprise" or "Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **the net that they have set** - AT: "the net that they have set for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Let them fall into it** - AT: "let them fall into the pit that they dug for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **to their destruction** - AT: "so that they will be destroyed" or "that is how you should destroy them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a pit that they dug to catch the writer. AT: "they wanted to capture me in a pit like a big animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my life + +This refers to the writer. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Let destruction overtake them by surprise + +Destruction is spoken of as if it was a dangerous animal that would suddenly attack them. AT: "Let them be destroyed suddenly" or "Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the net that they have set + +The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they place to catch the writer. AT: "the net that they placed in order to capture me like an animal and harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let them fall into it + +This is the same metaphor as in verse 7. The net is intended to catch the writer. AT: "Let them fall into the pit that they dug for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fall into it + +Possible meanings are 1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or 2) fall into destruction. + +# to their destruction + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as a verb. AT: "so that they will be destroyed" or "that is how you should destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/009.md b/psa/035/009.md index 093bc2599b..d5384c70f9 100644 --- a/psa/035/009.md +++ b/psa/035/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in his salvation -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you save me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# All my bones -* **in his salvation** - AT: "in the salvation that he brings" or "because you save me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **With all my strength** - AT: "With all my efford" -* **Yahweh, who is like you ... those who try to rob them** - The implicit answer to this question is that no one is like Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh, there is no one like you ... those who try to rob them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the poor and needy** - these two words basically mean the same thing and are repeated to empahsize that Yahweh saves many who needs his help. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "bones" refers to the deepest inner being of a person. AT: "My whole inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh, who is like you ... those who try to rob them? + +The implicit answer to this question is that no one is like Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh, there is no one like you ... those who try to rob them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the poor and needy + +The words "poor" and "needy" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/011.md b/psa/035/011.md index 0931c9dd5f..7880a5cf6e 100644 --- a/psa/035/011.md +++ b/psa/035/011.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# rise up -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:falsewitness]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +This means they testify in a trial. AT: "volunteer to give a testimony" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# They repay me evil for good -* **witnesses rise up** - AT: "people volunteer to give a testimony" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I am sorrowful** - AT: "I am extremely sad" +This is a metaphor which means they give back evil in exchange for the good they have received. AT: "In return for my doing good things for them, they do evil things to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# evil ... good + +These abstract nouns can be stated in other forms. AT: "evil things ... good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I am sorrowful + +"I am extremely sad" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/013.md b/psa/035/013.md index d3980ecf32..de5744eeb2 100644 --- a/psa/035/013.md +++ b/psa/035/013.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# when they were sick -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] +The word "they" refers to the "unrighteous witnesses" ([Psalms 35:11](./011.md)). -## translationNotes +# I wore sackcloth -* **when they were sick** - the word "they" refers to the unrighteous witnesses from the previous chunk. -* **with my head bowed on my chest** - AT: "with my head bent down and my chin on my chest" -* **in grief as for my brother** - AT: "grieving as if my own brother was ill" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I bent down in mourning as for my mother** - AT: "I mourned for them as if my own mother had died" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"I showed that I was sad" + +# with my head bowed on my chest + +This was a symbol of prayer. "with my head bent down in prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in grief as for my brother + +The writer was as sad as if his own brother had died. AT: "grieving as if my own brother was ill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I bent down in mourning as for my mother + +The writer mourned as if his own mother had died. AT: "I mourned as if my own mother had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I bent down + +This was a symbol of pain and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/015.md b/psa/035/015.md index c7e0cc8bfa..b7105dca8b 100644 --- a/psa/035/015.md +++ b/psa/035/015.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# gathered together -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +"assembled together" or "came together" -## translationNotes +# against me -* **gathered together** - AT: "assembled together" or "came together" -* **against me** - AT: "to make plans against me" or "to plan my destruction" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They tore at me** - Here David is compared to a piece of cloth that is torn to pieces. AT: "They were destroying me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **With no respect at all** - Some translations may read: "Worthless people" -* **they gnashed at me with their teeth** - This is a sign of anger and hate. +This means they came together for the purpose of attacking the writer. AT: "to make plans against me" or "to plan my destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They tore at me + +Here the treated the writer as if he were a piece of cloth that they could tear to pieces. AT: "They attacked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# With no respect at all they mocked me + +"With the worthless people they ridiculed me" or 2) "Without respect they made fun of me" + +# they gnashed at me with their teeth + +This is a sign of anger and hate. "they made grinding noises with their teeth at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/017.md b/psa/035/017.md index ede56c4e81..a39c64c0e7 100644 --- a/psa/035/017.md +++ b/psa/035/017.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# how long will you look on? -* [[en:tw:Life]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +This rhetorical question indicates that the writer wants God to stop simply looking on and to start to help him. AT: "how long will you only watch them doing this?" or "when will you help me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Rescue my soul -* **how long will you look on** - This is an exclamation, asking God to stop looking on. AT: "please stop just looking at me" or "please help me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Rescue my soul** - AT: "Rescue me" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **my life from the lions** - AT: "save my life from the lions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **my life** - AT: "me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **from the lions** - AT: "from my enemies who attack me like wild animals" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "soul" refers to the writer. AT: "Rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my life from the lions + +The word "save" is implied. AT: "save my life from the lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my life + +This refers to the writer. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from the lions + +Here the writer speaks of his enemies as if they were vicious lions. AT: "from my enemies who attack me like wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/019.md b/psa/035/019.md index d52718fce8..4b1f78af07 100644 --- a/psa/035/019.md +++ b/psa/035/019.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not let my deceitful enemies -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"Do not let my enemies, who tell lies about me," -## translationNotes +# their wicked schemes -* **my deceitful enemies rejoice over me** - AT: "my enemies, who are deceitful, rejoice over me" -* **their wicked schemes** - AT: "their evil plans" -* **they do not speak peace** - AT: "they do not try to make peace" -* **devise deceitful words** - AT: "plan to tell lies" -* **those in our land who live in peace** - AT: "those who live peacefully in our land" +"their evil plans" + +# they do not speak peace + +The abstract noun "peace" can be stated as "peacefully." AT: "they do not speak peacefully to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# devise deceitful words + +"look for ways to tell lies" + +# those in our land who live in peace + +"those who live peacefully in our land" + +# live in peace + +The abstract noun "peace" can be stated in other forms. AT: "live peacefully with others" or "do no harm to anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/021.md b/psa/035/021.md index 03e52d23d2..1462e38d8f 100644 --- a/psa/035/021.md +++ b/psa/035/021.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# They open their mouths wide against me -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. AT: "They shout at me in order to accuse me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Aha, Aha -* **They open their mouths wide against me** - AT: "They loudly make fun of me" -* **our eyes have seen it** - AT: "we have seen it" or "we have seen your suffering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **do not be silent** - AT: "do not ignore it" or "do something" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **do not be far from me** - AT: "be very close to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Arouse yourself and awake** - This does not mean that God is actually asleep. Both words also mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the ugency of this request. AT: "I feel like you are sleeping! Wake up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **to my defense** - AT: "to defend me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **my cause** - AT: "me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# our eyes have seen it + +Here "our eyes" refers to the enemies' eyes. It is implied that they are saying they saw the writer do something wrong. AT: "we have seen it" or "we saw the wrong things that you did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You have seen it + +Here "it" refers to the false accusations of the writer's enemies. AT: "You have seen how they falsely accused me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# do not be silent + +"do not ignore what they did" This can be stated in positive form. AT: "judge them because of what they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# do not be far from me + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "be very close to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Arouse yourself and awake + +This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer wants God to intervene. Both words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the urgency of this request. AT: "I feel like you are sleeping! Wake up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to my defense + +This abstract noun "defense" can be stated as "defend." AT: "to defend me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my cause + +This refers to the writer. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/024.md b/psa/035/024.md index dc0ab7e39e..cc7015a364 100644 --- a/psa/035/024.md +++ b/psa/035/024.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# do not let them rejoice over me -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +"do not let them be glad because I am suffering" -## translationNotes +# say in their heart -* **rojoice over me** - AT: "be glad because I am suffering" -* **in their heart** - AT: "to themselves" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Aha, we have what we wanted** - AT: "Yes! we have destroyed him, just like we wanted" -* **We have devoured him** - "We have swallowed him up" or "We have destroyed him" -* **confound** - "humiliate" or "perplex" -* **May those who taunt me be covered with shame and dishonor** - AT: "May you cover those who taunt me with shame and dishonor" or "May those who taunt me be shamed and dishonored" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **taunt** - insulting someone to make him angry +This is an idiom that means to say to oneself. AT: "say to themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Aha + +This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes what follows. AT: "Yes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# we have what we wanted + +It is implied that the writer's enemies wanted him to be declared guilty. AT: "he has been declared guilty just as we desired!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# We have devoured him + +The writer's enemies speak of his destruction as if they were wild animals who had eaten him. AT: "We have swallowed him up" or "We have destroyed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# confound + +"humiliate" or "perplex" + +# May those who taunt me be covered with shame and dishonor + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May you cover with shame and dishonor those who taunt me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# taunt + +to insult someone to make them angry + +# covered with shame and dishonor + +Here shame and dishonor are spoken of as if they were shameful clothes that the writer could wear. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. AT: "shamed and dishonored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shame and dishonor + +These terms mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how degraded they will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/027.md b/psa/035/027.md index 0a3200400c..3c2d2160ee 100644 --- a/psa/035/027.md +++ b/psa/035/027.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my vindication -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here "vindication" refers to Yahweh proclaiming or judging the psalmist innocent. -## translationNotes +# may they say continually -* **my vindication** - See how you translated this term in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:017:001]]. -* **may they say continually** - "may they always say" -* **Yahweh be praised** - AT: "let us praise Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who delights in** - AT: "who is happy whith" or "who enjoys" -* **welfare** - well-being, happiness +"may they always say" + +# Yahweh be praised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let us praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who delights in + +"who is happy with" or "who is glad for" + +# welfare + +well-being, happiness + +# tell of your justice + +The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as "right." AT: "proclaim that you act in the right way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/intro.md b/psa/035/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..75ce0343a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/035/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 035 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 35 is a prayer for deliverance. His enemies are coming against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Enemies ##### +When his enemies were sick, he tried to comfort them, but when he was in trouble his enemies use this as a time to attack him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 35:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../034/intro.md) | [>>](../036/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/001.md b/psa/036/001.md index e5b3e76f03..f3b9347423 100644 --- a/psa/036/001.md +++ b/psa/036/001.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David the servant of Yahweh** - “This is a psalm that David the servant of Yahweh wrote.” -* **Sin speaks like an oracle** - Sin is described as if it were a prophet speaking messages from a god. AT: "Sin is like a prophet who gives false messages from God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **in the heart of the wicked man** - AT: "to the wicked man" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **in his eyes** - AT: "in him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **he comforts himself, thinking...** - AT: "he prefers to believe..." or "he wants to think that..." -* **his sin will not be discovered and be hated** - AT: "God will not discover and hate his sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and be hated** - AT: "and his sin will not be hated" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David the servant of Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# An evil man + +This does not refer to a specific man, but to evil people in general. AT: "Evil people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# from deep in his heart + +Here "heart" refers to the inner being of a person. AT: "from his inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in his eyes + +Here "eyes" refers to the wicked person. AT: "in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he comforts himself, thinking + +"he prefers to believe" or "he wants to think" + +# his sin will not be discovered and be hated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not discover and hate his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/003.md b/psa/036/003.md index 9120318c39..2bab46c151 100644 --- a/psa/036/003.md +++ b/psa/036/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# His words are -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +"What he says is" -## translationNotes +# do good -* **His words are** - AT: "What he says is" -* **he sets out on an evil way** - AT: "he begins an evil way of living" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"do things that are good" + +# he sets out on an evil way + +The sinful actions of the man are spoken of as if he was walking along a path that was evil. AT: "he begins to do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he does not reject evil + +Here "evil" can be stated in another form. AT: "he does not reject evil behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/005.md b/psa/036/005.md index a76060a349..860f9cf0fa 100644 --- a/psa/036/005.md +++ b/psa/036/005.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Your covenant faithfulness ... reaches to the heavens -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +The greatness of God's covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if it were an object that reached as high as the heavens. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Your covenant faithfulness ... is very great" or "You ... are as faithful to your covenant as the heavens are high above the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# reaches to the clouds -* **reaches to the heavens** - God's covenant faithfulness is metaphorically described as if it had a hight. AT: "is higher than the heavens" or "is enormously great" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **reaches to the clouds** - God's loyalty is metaphorically described as if it had a hight. AT: "is higher than the clouds" or "is enormously great" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like the highest mountains ... like the deepest sea** - Both these phrases describe God's justice as if it had hight and depth. AT: "as high as the highest mountains ... as deep as the deepest sea" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **you preserve** - "you help" or "you save" +The greatness of God's loyalty is spoken of as if it was very high. AT: "is as high as the clouds" or "is enormously great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like the mountains of God ... like the great deep + +These phrases describe the greatness of God's righteousness and judgments as if they were very high and deep. AT: "as high as the highest mountains ... as deep as the deepest sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you preserve + +"you help" or "you save" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/007.md b/psa/036/007.md index 5df037265f..3a36a0c0fe 100644 --- a/psa/036/007.md +++ b/psa/036/007.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# How precious is your covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +The word "precious" refers to how greatly the writer values Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "I greatly value how you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# with the richness of the food of your house -* **Humanity takes refuge under the shadow of your wings** - God does not really have wings. AT: "Humanity takes refuge with you like young birds seek protection under the wings of their mother" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They will be abundantly satisfied** - AT: "You will abundantly satisfy them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **with the richness of the food of your house** - This does not mean that God has a house with food. AT: "as if they were eating the rich food from your house" or "with your rich blessings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you will let them drink from the river of your precious blessings** - AT: "your precious blessings are like a river from which you will let them drink" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **fountain of life** - "source of life" -* **in your light** - AT: "with your help" or "when you enlighten us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **we will see light** - AT: "we will live" or "we will know you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This does not mean that God has a house with food. This is a metaphor for abundant provision. AT: "as if they were eating the rich food from your house" or "with your rich blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will let them drink from the river of your precious blessings + +There are two metaphors here. God's abundant blessings are spoken of as if they are the water in a flowing river. Also, those who receive those blessings are spoken of as if they are drinking them like water. AT: "your precious blessings are like a river from which you will let them drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fountain of life + +"source of life" + +# in your light we will see light + +Here "light" is a metaphor for true knowledge. AT: "when you enlighten us, we will know the truth" or "your light is what enables us to know the truth about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/010.md b/psa/036/010.md index ce01dea3b1..66b034f728 100644 --- a/psa/036/010.md +++ b/psa/036/010.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Extend your covenant faithfulness fully to those who know you -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +The writer speaks of Yahweh continuing to act faithfully towards the people as if Yahweh were to extend his covenant faithfulness or make it longer. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "Continue to act faithfully to those who know you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# your defense to the upright of heart -* **Extend your covenant faithfulness fully** - "Continue your covenant faithfulness" -* **your defense to** - AT: "defending" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **the upright of heart** - AT: "those who have an upright heart" or "the upright" or "upright people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the foot of the arrogant man ... the hand of the wicked** - AT: "the arrogant man ... the wicked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **drive me away** - AT: "send me away" or "make me leave my place" -* **have fallen; they are knocked down and are not be able to get up** - All three phrases describe the evildoers as defeated. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they are knocked down** - AT: "they have been destroyed" or "you have knocked them down" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "defense" can be stated as a verb. "Continue" is implied from the previous phrase. AT: "Continue to protect the upright of heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the upright of heart + +Here "heart" refers to the people. AT: "the upright" or "people who act righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the foot of the arrogant man ... the hand of the wicked + +Here "foot" and "hand" refer to the evil people. These are not specific men. This refers to evil people in general. AT: "arrogant people ... wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# drive me away + +"send me away" or "make me leave my place" + +# evildoers have fallen; they are knocked down and are not able to get up + +All three phrases describe the evildoers as defeated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are knocked down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have knocked them down" or "you have destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# are not able to get up + +"cannot get up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/intro.md b/psa/036/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..443ec508bb --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/036/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 036 General Notes # + +#### Formatting in this chapter #### + +Psalm 36 is a psalm of praise. It speaks of how good God is to those who love him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God and man ##### +Evil people do not think about God; but he is such a pleasure to all who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 36:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../035/intro.md) | [>>](../037/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/001.md b/psa/037/001.md index 4a88f5cb8c..4138d60ed9 100644 --- a/psa/037/001.md +++ b/psa/037/001.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:envy|envy, covet]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous|unrighteous, unrighteousness]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **Do not be irritated because of evildoers** - AT: "Do not let wicked people upset you." -* **dry up as the grass** - In the hot and dry climate of the Bible, plants die quickly. AT: "come to an end". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and wither as the green plants** - In the hot and dry climate of the Bible, plants die quickly. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Do not be irritated because of evildoers + +"Do not let wicked people upset you" or "Do not be bothered by what wicked people do" + +# dry up as the grass ... wither as the green plants + +Evildoers are spoken of as if they are grass and plants that dry up and die in the hot weather. These two similes both mean they will die. AT: "die" or "come to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/003.md b/psa/037/003.md index 1a09d8ac87..b922d6a2ce 100644 --- a/psa/037/003.md +++ b/psa/037/003.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# graze in faithfulness -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Faithfulness is spoken of as if it was an animal that would be strengthened by feeding in good pasture. AT: "nourish faithfulness" or "increase your faithfulness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the desires of your heart -* **make faithfulness your business** - AT: "be consistent and fulfill your commitments" -* **Then delight yourself in Yahweh... the desires of your heart** - AT: "When you make Yahweh delightful to your own heart... God himself becomes your happiest wish" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "heart" represents the person's inner being and thoughts. AT: "your deepest, inner desires" or "the things that you desire the most" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/005.md b/psa/037/005.md index 34e1e6580c..200afd46d9 100644 --- a/psa/037/005.md +++ b/psa/037/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Give your ways to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] +Here "give your ways" is an idiom that means to ask Yahweh to control your life. AT: "Ask Yahweh to guide your actions in life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# act on your behalf -* **Give your ways to Yahweh** - AT: "Ask Yahweh to guide your actions in life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **like the daylight ... like the day at noon** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **like the daylight** - AT: "in full view of all." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like the day at noon** - AT: "visible during the brightest time of day" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This is to represent another in legal issues. Here, when one trusts in Yahweh, he will defend that person and grant justice to that person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# like the daylight ... like the day at noon + +Both of these phrases mean about the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# like the daylight + +This means "in full view of everyone." AT: "as clear to see as the light of day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like the day at noon + +This means "as visible as the noon sun." AT: "as visible as the light at the brightest time of day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/007.md b/psa/037/007.md index 6123685197..bf43142171 100644 --- a/psa/037/007.md +++ b/psa/037/007.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Be still -* [[en:tw:patient]] - -## translationNotes - -* **makes his evil ways succeed...makes evil plots** - AT: "what evil men do is successful... wicked things that they plan" This emphasizes that the peace the righteous have is not effected by works of evil men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"Be quiet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/008.md b/psa/037/008.md index d9cebb6555..9d6c777475 100644 --- a/psa/037/008.md +++ b/psa/037/008.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# will be cut off -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# but those who wait for Yahweh -* **but those who wait for Yahweh...** - AT: "but those who trust in Yahweh...". +"but those who trust in Yahweh" + +# will inherit the land + +The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. AT: "will receive the land as their own possession" or "will live safely in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will disappear + +This idiom refers to the death of the evil man. AT: "will die and you will no longer see him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/011.md b/psa/037/011.md index 30fbbc79b4..c1fdc40cfb 100644 --- a/psa/037/011.md +++ b/psa/037/011.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the meek -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:meek]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +This refers to the people who are meek. AT: "the meek people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# will inherit the land -* **his day is coming** - AT: "the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish the wicked people" -* **gnashes his teeth against him** - This picture shows the hatred wicked people feel for righteous people so their teeth clench together. "Teeth" represents the person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). AT: "will receive the land as their own possession" or "will live safely in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The wicked man + +This does not refer to a specific man. It refers to wicked people in general. AT: "The wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the righteous + +This does not refer to specific people. This refers to people who are righteous. AT: "the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# gnashes his teeth + +The wicked man hates the righteous person so much that he grinds his teeth together to show his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# his day is coming + +It is implied that "his day" will be a day of judgment. AT: "the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish him" or "the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/014.md b/psa/037/014.md index 6d729b1285..ad00b985b4 100644 --- a/psa/037/014.md +++ b/psa/037/014.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The wicked -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This refers to the wicked people. AT: "The wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# have drawn out their swords ... have bent their bows -* **The wicked have drawn out their swords and have bent their bows** - AT: "The wicked have readied their weapons." Bows are examples of the weapons the wicked use. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **to cast down the oppressed and needy** - AT: "ready to kill those they treat cruelly and the poor" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Their swords will pierce their own hearts,** - AT: "Their weapons will be turned against them." Swords are examples of weapons and "hearts" represent the persons. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **their bows will be broken** - AT: "The weapons they use against the righteous will be destroyed." Bows are examples of the weapons the wicked use. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Both "swords" and "bows" are weapons used to attack people. The fact that they are "drawn" and "bent" means they are ready to start attacking. AT: "have prepared their weapons in order to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to cast down + +This destruction of the needy people is spoken of as if they were clay pots that would break into pieces when thrown down on the ground. AT: "to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the oppressed and needy + +These terms both refer to people who are powerless to defend themselves. AT: "people who are not able to resist them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Their swords will pierce their own hearts + +Swords are examples of weapons and "hearts" represent the people. To "pierce the heart" is an idiom that means "to kill." AT: "Their weapons will be turned against them and they will kill themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/016.md b/psa/037/016.md index bf341d73f2..3301bc1b1e 100644 --- a/psa/037/016.md +++ b/psa/037/016.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Better is the little that the righteous has than the abundance of many wicked people -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"It is better to be poor and righteous than to be wicked with great wealth" -## translationNotes +# Better is the little that the righteous has -* **Better is the little that the righteous has** - AT: "It is better to be righteous, even if it means that you are poor..." -* **than the abundance of many wicked people.** - AT: "...than to be wicked with great wealth." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For the arms of the wicked people will be broken** - AT: "For the power of the wicked people will be defeated." (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The nominal adjective "the little" refers to few possessions. The nominal adjective "the righteous" refers to a righteous person. AT: "Better are the few possessions that a righteous person has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the abundance + +This refers to the wealth of the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# For the arms of the wicked people will be broken + +Here "arms" represent the strength of the wicked people. Breaking their arms represents taking away their power. This could be stated in active form. AT: "For Yahweh will remove the strength of the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/018.md b/psa/037/018.md index 43c236cbc2..800c9d6060 100644 --- a/psa/037/018.md +++ b/psa/037/018.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# watches over the blameless -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +To "watch over" means to protect someone. Here "the blameless" refers to the blameless people. AT: "protects the blameless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# day by day -* **They will not be ashamed when times are bad** - AT: "They will not be humiliated when calamities occur" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is an idiom that means "continually." AT: "every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when times are bad + +This phrase refers to disasters, such as famine. AT: "when calamities occur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/020.md b/psa/037/020.md index 95044f9094..66672dee15 100644 --- a/psa/037/020.md +++ b/psa/037/020.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh's enemies will be like the glory of the pastures -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +The writer compares Yahweh's enemies to the flowers blooming in the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# be consumed and disappear in the smoke -* **Yahweh's enemies will be like the glory of the pastures** - The writer compares Yahweh's enemies and the flowers blooming in the fields. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and disappear in the smoke** - The writer compares the fields that are burned off after the harvest with the wicked. AT:"his enemies will be defeated and cease to exist." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the righteous person is generous and gives.** - (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The writer speaks of the destruction of the wicked as if they were weeds or wilted flowers in the field that are burned off after the harvest. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will destroy them as fire turns the weeds of the field into smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is generous and gives + +These mean the same thing and emphasize the generosity of the righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/022.md b/psa/037/022.md index fdfd445b34..137537bf35 100644 --- a/psa/037/022.md +++ b/psa/037/022.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Those who are blessed by God will inherit the land; those who are cursed by him will be cut off -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +This is a contrastive form of Parallelism. Those who are blessed by God in contrast to those who are cursed by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Those who are blessed by God -* **those who are cursed by him will be cut off.** - AT: "those who Yahweh curses will be removed from the land." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **It is by Yahweh that a man's steps are established,** - AT: "Yahweh determines whether a man's ways are approved and accepted," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a man's steps** - Steps represents a person's conduct of life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Though he stumbles, he will not fall down,** - AT: "Though he has difficult times, he will not utterly fail." -* **holding him with his hand.** - Yahweh is given a the human attribute of having hands. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This can be stated as active. AT: "Those whom God blesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will inherit the land + +The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). AT: "will receive the land as their own possession" or "will be allowed to live safely in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who are cursed by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom Yahweh curses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be cut off + +The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is by Yahweh that a man's steps are established ... commendable in God's sight + +These can be stated to show the logical connection and clarify the passive clause. AT: "If a man lives in a commendable way in Yahweh's sight, Yahweh will establish his steps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It is by Yahweh that a man's steps are established + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh is the one who enables a man to be successful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a man ... the man + +This does not refer to a specific man, but to people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# a man's steps + +Steps represent the way a person lives. AT: "the way a man lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Though he stumbles, he will not fall down + +Here "stumble" and "fall" refer to the man's reaction to difficult times. AT: "Though he has difficult times, he will not utterly fail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# holding him with his hand + +Here "his hand" refers to Yahweh's power, and "holding him" refers to protecting him. AT: "protecting him with his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/025.md b/psa/037/025.md index f0a2ff1299..7766b2eebe 100644 --- a/psa/037/025.md +++ b/psa/037/025.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the righteous person abandoned -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh forsake the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the righteous person -* **the righteous person abandoned** - AT:"Yahweh will not forsake the godly person" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **All the day long** - This figure of speech means this action is a habit of life. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his children become a blessing** - AT: "his children grow up to bless others" +This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# begging for bread + +Here "bread" represents food in general. AT: begging for food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# All the day long he is + +This idiom means this action is a habit of his life. AT: "He is always (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his children become a blessing + +"his children grow up to bless others" + +# Turn away from + +To stop doing something is spoken of as if the person turned away from it. AT: "Stop doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/028.md b/psa/037/028.md index 16e2ab63ba..713545e067 100644 --- a/psa/037/028.md +++ b/psa/037/028.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They are preserved forever -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will protect them forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# will be cut off -* **are preserved forever** - AT: "Yahweh will protect them forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The mouth of the righteous person speaks wisdom and increases justice** - The mouth represents the whole person who speaks. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to the people who are righteous. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# will inherit the land + +The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). AT: "will receive the land as their own possession" or "will be allowed to live safely in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The mouth of the righteous person + +Here "mouth" represents the whole person who speaks. AT: "The righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# speaks wisdom + +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as "wise." AT: "gives wise advice to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# increases justice + +The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as an action. AT: "encourages other people to live rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/031.md b/psa/037/031.md index e6afab6453..5cf0dd5bf1 100644 --- a/psa/037/031.md +++ b/psa/037/031.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The law of his God is in his heart -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +Here "in his heart" refers to his deepest inner being. AT: "He treasures the commands of his God in his inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# his feet will not slip -* **The law of his God is in his heart** - AT:"The commands of his God have become guides he appreciates deeply" (For heart see:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **his feet will not slip** - AT: "his walk through life will have sure footing" +Here failure to obey Yahweh is spoken of as slipping off a safe path and falling. AT: "he will walk safely in the way God wants him to walk" or "he will safely do the things God wants him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The wicked person ... the righteous person ... the evil person + +These are not specific people. They refer to these kinds of people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# watches the righteous person + +Here the watching implies observing the righteous in order to do them harm. AT: "waits in ambush for the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the evil person's hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "the power of the evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when he is judged + +This refers to Yahweh judging the righteous man. AT: "When Yahweh judges him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/034.md b/psa/037/034.md index 8b05b10848..7945d874b6 100644 --- a/psa/037/034.md +++ b/psa/037/034.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he will raise you up to possess the land -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Here "raise you up" refers to God giving honor to those who wait for him. AT: "he will honor you by giving you the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the wicked -* **he will raise you up** - "Raising up" represents growing in honor and capability. AT: "Yahweh will give you strength and ability" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to wicked people. AT: "the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# are cut off + +The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/035.md b/psa/037/035.md index 011a1a490a..8ef6438c7a 100644 --- a/psa/037/035.md +++ b/psa/037/035.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the wicked and terrifying person -* [[en:tw:terror]] +This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# spread out like a green tree in its native soil -* **he could not be found** - AT: "Yahweh had caused them to disappear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the prosperity of the wicked man is spoken of as if he were a healthy tree growing in good soil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he could not be found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I could not find him" or "Yahweh had taken him away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/037.md b/psa/037/037.md index a6c52883de..8819c99e9f 100644 --- a/psa/037/037.md +++ b/psa/037/037.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the man of integrity -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# mark the upright -* **mark the upright** - AT: "note carefully the habits of good people" -* **the future for the wicked man is cut off** - AT: "God will bring their family line to an end." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"note carefully the good people" or "notice the good people" + +# the future for the wicked man is cut off + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will end his family line" or "he will not have any descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the future + +This refers to his descendants. AT: "his descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the wicked man + +This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# is cut off + +The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/039.md b/psa/037/039.md index 35bfac6209..5098851816 100644 --- a/psa/037/039.md +++ b/psa/037/039.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Salvation of the righteous comes from Yahweh -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +The abstract noun "Salvation" can be expressed as an action. AT: "Yahweh rescues the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the righteous -* **Yahweh helps them** - This same idea is repeated in four different ways to emphasize that God is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **they have taken refuge in him** - AT: "they go to Yahweh for protection" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This refers to the righteous people. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# helps ... rescues ... saves + +This same idea is repeated in several different ways to emphasize that Yahweh is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# they have taken refuge in him + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "they have gone to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/intro.md b/psa/037/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d205daea5c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/037/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 037 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 37 is a teaching psalm. It provides guidance about how to live a moral and God-fearing life. It teaches that evil people do not prosper in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Envy ##### +Do not envy evil people. Although it appears as though they prosper, soon they will be destroyed and the good people will continue on living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 37:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../036/intro.md) | [>>](../038/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/001.md b/psa/038/001.md index 63a15147e2..631cb00434 100644 --- a/psa/038/001.md +++ b/psa/038/001.md @@ -1,28 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David, to bring to remembrance** - “This is a psalm that David wrote to remember what God had done in the past.” -* **Yahweh, do not rebuke me in your anger; do not punish me in your wrath.** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For your arrows pierce me, - ** - ** AT: "Yahweh has penetrated my life with punishment." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **and your hand presses me down.** - AT: "Yahweh's power and authority pushes me down." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# do not rebuke me in your anger ... do not punish me in your wrath + +These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your arrows pierce me + +The severity of Yahweh's punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh had shot arrows into the writer. AT: "Your punishment is as painful as if you had shot arrows into me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your hand presses me down + +Yahweh's punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh was smashing the writer with his hand. Here, "hand" refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "your power knocks me down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/003.md b/psa/038/003.md index 5e40921371..4583ddcb17 100644 --- a/psa/038/003.md +++ b/psa/038/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson. -## translationNotes +# there is no health in my bones because of my sin -* David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize his lesson. -* **there is no health in my bones because of my sin** - AT: " My whole body is diseased because of my sin." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **they are a burden too heavy for me** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "my bones" represents the body of the writer. AT: "my whole body is diseased because of my sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my iniquities overwhelm me + +The writer's iniquities are spoken of as if they are a flood of water that covers him. AT: "my iniquities cover me like a flood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are a burden too heavy for me + +The writer's iniquities are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he cannot lift. AT: "they are like a load that is too heavy for me to lift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/005.md b/psa/038/005.md index 23549e9764..3b99639247 100644 --- a/psa/038/005.md +++ b/psa/038/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] +David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson. -## translationNotes +# My wounds are infected and smell -* David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize his lesson. -* **My wounds are infected and smell** - "Wounds" here refer to the writer's guilt and shame that is the source of his sickness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "smell" refer to his sores having a bad smell that is associated with rotting flesh. AT: "My wounds are infected and stink as they rot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am stooped over + +The pain of the writer's wounds have caused him to be bent over as if he were an old, feeble man. AT: "I am bent over in pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/007.md b/psa/038/007.md index e1f7b87879..42769fa1f8 100644 --- a/psa/038/007.md +++ b/psa/038/007.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I am filled with burning -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] +The writer's is so sick with fever that it is as if he is burning inside. AT: "My body is burning with fever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# there is no health in my flesh -* David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize his lesson. +Here "my flesh" refers to the writer. AT: "I am completely sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# utterly crushed + +The writer's illness is so severe that it is as if a huge weight is pressing down on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# anguish of my heart + +Here "my heart" refers to the writer. AT: "my anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/009.md b/psa/038/009.md index 0d71939e1f..83e411c4ec 100644 --- a/psa/038/009.md +++ b/psa/038/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my heart's deepest yearnings -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] +Here "my heart" refers to the writer. It may be helpful to state that the writer desires good health. AT: "My strongest desires" or "that I desire you to heal me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# my groanings are not hidden from you -* **you understand my heart's deepest yearnings** - AT: "you understand the strongest desires I have," -* **and my groanings are not hidden from you.** - AT: "and my moans of sorrow are not hidden from you." -* **My heart pounds** - AT: "My heart beats quickly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my strength fades** - AT: "I become very weak" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are able to see all my moans of sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My heart pounds + +This idiom means his heart beats intensely. AT: "My heart beats loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my strength fades + +"I become very weak" + +# my eyesight dims + +"I can no longer see well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/011.md b/psa/038/011.md index 53caee9e41..51f0ee4699 100644 --- a/psa/038/011.md +++ b/psa/038/011.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# lay snares for me -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The plots of the writer's enemies are spoken of as if they were traps that they had set to catch him like an animal. AT: "set traps to catch me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# speak destructive words and say deceitful words -* **They who seek my harm speak destructive words and say deceitful words all day long.** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the hurtful nature of what these people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/013.md b/psa/038/013.md index 3e7ea72cfe..afbd2dc6f1 100644 --- a/psa/038/013.md +++ b/psa/038/013.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am like a deaf man ... hear nothing ... does not hear +The first lines of verse 13 and 14 use a simile to present the same image of the deaf man. The writer is so sick that he cannot hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# I am like a mute man ... says nothing ... has no reply -* **I am like a deaf man ... who has no reply.** - David repeatedly compares his condition in guilt and shame to being unable to hear or speak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The second lines of verses 13 and 14 use a simile to present the image of the mute man. The writer is so sick that he cannot speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a mute man + +a person who cannot speak \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/015.md b/psa/038/015.md index 5ff4c9e33c..1c91e2fa24 100644 --- a/psa/038/015.md +++ b/psa/038/015.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you will answer -* [[en:tw:god]] +Possible meanings are 1) "you will answer me" or 2) "you will answer my enemies." -## translationNotes +# will not gloat over me -* **will not gloat over me** - AT: "will not delight over me in my calamity." -* **If my foot slips** - "If I make mistakes that cause me to fall." Foot represents the whole person in his walk of life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"will not delight over my trouble" + +# If my foot slips + +Here "my foot" represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer's troubles and misfortunes. AT: "If I make mistakes that cause me trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/017.md b/psa/038/017.md index ed7ee696d3..33ffeb99e2 100644 --- a/psa/038/017.md +++ b/psa/038/017.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I am about to stumble -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] +Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) "I am so sick that I am about to die" or 2) "I will soon be ruined." It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I am in constant pain -* **and I am in constant pain** - AT: "and I am always in pain." +"I am always in pain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/019.md b/psa/038/019.md index 94bf156f8e..d9ba100393 100644 --- a/psa/038/019.md +++ b/psa/038/019.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# But my enemies are numerous ... are many -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:accuse|accuse, accusation, accuser]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:wrong|wrong, mistreat, hurt]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# They repay me evil for good -* **But my enemies are numerous…are many** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They repay me evil for good** - AT: They return bad actions for my good actions for them." +The actions of the writer's enemies are spoken of as a financial transaction where they gave him evil things in exchange for good things. The abstract nouns "evil" and "good" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "They do evil thing to me after I was good to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# hurl accusations at me + +The way the writer's enemies accuse him is spoken of as if they were throwing accusations at him like rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pursued what is good + +The writers desire for what is good is spoken of as if he were running after good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/021.md b/psa/038/021.md index 06919d8f54..9f344e3bc6 100644 --- a/psa/038/021.md +++ b/psa/038/021.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not abandon me ... do not stay far away from me -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] +These two phrases have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# do not stay far away from me -* **Yahweh, do not abandon me… stay far away from me.** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* +Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer's request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Come quickly to help me + +God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "you are the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/intro.md b/psa/038/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dbe9575288 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/038/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 038 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Author's sickness ##### +The author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 38:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../037/intro.md) | [>>](../039/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/001.md b/psa/039/001.md index 9b474ee682..7ef6d99ced 100644 --- a/psa/039/001.md +++ b/psa/039/001.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|tongue]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician,** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship," -* **for Jeduthun** - See how to translate names: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]. -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **I will watch what I say- ** - ** AT: "I will pay attention to the things that I say." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **so that I do not sin with my tongue** - AT: "so that I do not speak an offense against Yahweh." Tongue represents the whole person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **muzzle** - To "muzzle" means to keep a mouth shut. Here David means that he will not speak while he is with an evil person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship," + +# Jeduthun + +One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# I will watch what I say + +Here "watch" is an idiom that mean "pay attention to." AT: "I will pay attention to the things that I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so that I do not sin with my tongue + +Here "tongue" refers to the writer's speech. AT: "so that I do not speak an offense against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# muzzle + +To "muzzle" means to keep a mouth shut. Here David means that he will not speak while he is with an evil person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/002.md b/psa/039/002.md index 1d6d9aef5b..5e70e48d16 100644 --- a/psa/039/002.md +++ b/psa/039/002.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I kept silent; I kept back my words -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the writer did not speak at all. AT: "I was completely silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# I kept back my words -* **I kept silent; I kept back my words even from saying anything good,** - The writer emphasizes his effort to avoid talking by repeating. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **My heart became hot…it burned like a fire** - AT - "I became very anxious when I thought about these things." Heart represents the whole person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"I did not speak" + +# My heart became hot ... it burned like a fire + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. The anxious thoughts of the writer are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside him. AT: "I became very anxious when I thought about these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/004.md b/psa/039/004.md index 9d714c313c..83f51fd957 100644 --- a/psa/039/004.md +++ b/psa/039/004.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the end of my life ... the extent of my days -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Show me how transient I am -* **Yahweh, make me know … the extent of my days** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Show me how transient I am** - AT: "Show me how quick my life is" or "Show me how soon I will die" -* **See, you have made my days only the width of my hand** - AT: "It seems that you have caused me to live only a short time;" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Surely every man is a single breath.** - AT: "The time that humans live is too short." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Show me how brief my life is" or "Show me how soon I will die" + +# only the width of my hand + +The writer speaks of his lifespan is if it could be measured by the width of his hand. AT: "only a very short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my lifetime is like nothing before you + +This simile states that the length of the writer's life is so short that it does not exist. This is an exaggeration to stress how short it is. AT: "the length of my life is barely any time at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Surely every man is a single breath + +The brevity of life is spoken of as if it was only as long as the time it takes for a person to breathe one breath. AT: "The time that humans live is as short as a single breath of a person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/006.md b/psa/039/006.md index f945a32008..dbe79b1f98 100644 --- a/psa/039/006.md +++ b/psa/039/006.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Surely every man walks about like a shadow -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:receive|receive]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:shadow|shadow]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +The lives of people are spoken of as if they are as insignificant as shadows. AT: "Everyone disappears like shadows do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# although they do not know who will receive them -* **Surely every man walks about like a shadow** - AT: "Our life disappears like a shadow does." (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Now, Lord, for what am I waiting?** - AT: "Lord, now I am waiting for you to act," The writer asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is his only hope. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here it is implied that they do not know what will happen to their wealth after they die. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now, Lord, for what am I waiting? + +The writer asks this question to emphasize that people cannot help him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "So now, Yahweh, I can expect to receive nothing from anyone else." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/008.md b/psa/039/008.md index 711ba59855..90d43a3242 100644 --- a/psa/039/008.md +++ b/psa/039/008.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I am silent ... cannot open my mouth -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# because it is you who has done it -* **because of what you did ** - AT: "because my punishment comes from you." +"because my punishment comes from you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/010.md b/psa/039/010.md index f549577785..64b49ee965 100644 --- a/psa/039/010.md +++ b/psa/039/010.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Stop wounding me -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] +God's punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was wounding him with a weapon. AT: "please stop punishing me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I am overwhelmed -* **Stop wounding me** - AT: "O my God, stop your blows upon me" -* **I am overwhelmed** - AT: "I am defeated completely" -* **like a moth** - The writer compares the strength of people to cloth that the worm of a moth eats. AT: "like moths eat away at clothing" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **people are nothing but vapor** - The writer compares people to mist or fumes that disappear quickly. AT: "Our lives are completely fragile" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I am defeated completely" + +# the blow of your hand + +God's punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was striking him with his fist. Here "hand" represents God's judgment. AT: "your judgment on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# consume the things they desire like a moth + +God will take away the things they value in the same way as a moth eats a piece of cloth. AT: "consume the things they desire like a moth eats away at clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# all people are nothing but vapor + +The writer speaks of the frailty of people as if they were mist that disappears quickly. AT: "everyone is completely fragile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/012.md b/psa/039/012.md index 935be289eb..236ef833db 100644 --- a/psa/039/012.md +++ b/psa/039/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Hear my prayer ... listen to me ... listen to my weeping -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] +These three phrases mean basically the same thing and show how strongly the writer wants God to respond to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not be deaf to me -* **Hear my prayer, Yahweh, and listen to me** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **I am like a foreigner with you, a refugee** - AT: "I am a complete stranger to you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Turn your gaze from me so that I may smile again before I die.** - The writer is expressing how he feels like he is being punished by God, and, in his discouragement, wants God to stop dealing with him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh's lack of response to him as if Yahweh was deaf. AT: "Do not ignore me as if you could not hear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am like a foreigner with you, a refugee + +The writer speaks of Yahweh's lack of response as if Yahweh considered him to be a total stranger to him. AT: "I am like a complete stranger to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Turn your gaze from me + +Here "your gaze" represents Yahweh's punishment. AT: "Please stop punishing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that I may smile again + +Here "smile" is associated with being happy. AT: "so that I can be happy again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/intro.md b/psa/039/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c0e2b18ff4 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/039/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 039 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Life ##### +Life on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God's healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) + +This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 39:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../038/intro.md) | [>>](../040/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/001.md b/psa/040/001.md index d7f0f1a58a..0f4761049d 100644 --- a/psa/040/001.md +++ b/psa/040/001.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **I waited patiently for Yahweh** - This implies that David had been praying to Yahweh and was waiting for Yahweh to help him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **out of the miry clay** - "out of the muddy clay" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# I waited patiently for Yahweh + +This means the writer was waiting for Yahweh to help him. + +# he listened to me ... heard my cry + +These mean the same thing, and can be combined into one statement. AT: "he listened to me when I called out to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay + +These two metaphors mean the same thing. The writer's danger is spoken of as if it was a deadly pit full of mud. This emphasizes the danger. AT: "from being trapped in a horrible pit full of sticky mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he set my feet on a rock + +Here "my feet" refers to the writer, and "a rock" refers a place of safety. AT: "he provided safety for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/003.md b/psa/040/003.md index 9d20cb71dc..036123483d 100644 --- a/psa/040/003.md +++ b/psa/040/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He has put a new song in my mouth -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Possible meanings are 1) "He has taught me the words to a new song" or 2) "He has given me a new reason to sing." -## translationNotes +# in my mouth -* **praise to our God** - AT: "a song of praise to our God" or "for us to praise our God" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **Many will see it** - AT: "Many people will hear about what he has done" -* **Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust** - AT: "Blessed is the man who trusts in Yahweh" or "Those who trust in Yahweh are blessed" +Here "my mouth" refers to the writer. AT: "in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# praise to our God + +The noun "praise" can be stated as a verb. AT: "a song to praise our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Many will see it + +Here "see it" refers to hearing the writer sing his song about what God has done for him. AT: "Many people will hear me tell what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust + +"Blessed is the man who trusts in Yahweh" or "Those who trust in Yahweh are blessed" + +# the proud + +This refers to the people who are proud. AT: "proud people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# to lies + +The Hebrew word is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) "lies" or 2) "false gods." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/005.md b/psa/040/005.md index d0162eddb8..34818e514b 100644 --- a/psa/040/005.md +++ b/psa/040/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# your thoughts which are about us cannot be numbered -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sinoffering]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can count all the things you think about us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# cannot be numbered ... more than could be counted -* **your thoughts...cannot be numbered...more than could be counted** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **your thoughts which are about us cannot be numbered** - AT: "no one can count all the things you think about us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **You have no delight in sacrifice or offering** - AT: "Sacrifices and offerings are not what make you happy" -* **you have opened my ears** - AT: "you have caused me to hear and understand your commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **you have not required burnt offerings or sin offerings** - AT: "Burnt offerings and sin offerings are not what you require of us" +These phrases mean essentially the same thing. The first is stated in negative form, and the second is stated in positive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# You have no delight in sacrifice or offering + +This is an exaggeration to express that other things are much more important to God. AT: "Sacrifices and other offerings are not the things that delight you most" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# you have opened my ears + +Here "ears" refers to the ability to hear. AT: "you have enabled me to hear your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have not required burnt offerings or sin offerings + +This is an exaggeration to show that these things were not the most important to God. AT: "animals burned on the altar and other offerings for our sins are not what you require most" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/007.md b/psa/040/007.md index 840b208f55..b9b45c96c6 100644 --- a/psa/040/007.md +++ b/psa/040/007.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the scroll of the document -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This refers to a scroll on which was written the word of Yahweh. AT: "the written scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# your laws are in my heart -* **the scroll of the document** - This refers to a scroll on which was written the word of Yahweh. AT: "the written scroll" -* **I have proclaimed good news of your righteousness in the great assembly** - AT: "I have told a large assembly of people the good news of your righteousness." -* **the good news of your righteousness** - This refers to the good news that God rescues his people. AT: "the good news that because you are righteous, you rescue your people" -* **my lips have not kept back from doing this** - AT: "I have not stopped myself from proclaiming these things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "my heart" refers to the inner being of the writer. AT: "I am always thinking about your laws within my inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have proclaimed good news of your righteousness in the great assembly + +"I have told a large assembly of people the good news of your righteousness." + +# good news of your righteousness + +This refers to the good news that God rescues his people. AT: "good news that because you are righteous, you rescue your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my lips have not kept back from doing this + +Here "my lips" represents the writer, emphasizing his speech. AT: "I have not stopped myself from proclaiming these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/010.md b/psa/040/010.md index 41090c6204..bb37f26ed2 100644 --- a/psa/040/010.md +++ b/psa/040/010.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I have not concealed your righteousness in my heart -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +"I have not kept your righteousness a secret." This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "I have openly told every one about your righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# in my heart -* **I have not concealed your righteousness in my heart** - AT: "I have not hidden your righteousness in my heart" or "I have not kept your righteousness a secret" -* **I have not concealed your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness from the great assembly** - This can be expressed positively. AT: "I have told the great assembly about your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness" -* **your covenant faithfulness** - "how faithful you are to keep your promises" -* **your trustworthiness** - "how trustworthy you are" -* **let your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness always preserve me** - AT: "because of your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness, preserve me always" +Here this refers to the writer's inner being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have not concealed your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness from the great assembly + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I have told everyone in the great assembly about your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "how faithful you are to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your trustworthiness + +This abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as "trustworthy." AT: "how trustworthy you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# let your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness always preserve me + +Here "covenant faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" are spoken of as if they were living people who could protect the writer. AT: "I want your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness to always preserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/012.md b/psa/040/012.md index c77ccfb775..ee6f45f26a 100644 --- a/psa/040/012.md +++ b/psa/040/012.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Troubles that cannot be numbered surround me -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Here troubles are spoken of as if they were objects that surround and trap the speaker. AT: "there are more troubles around me than I can count" or "more troubles come to me than I can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# that cannot be numbered -* **innumerable troubles surround me** - Here troubles are spoken of as if they were objects that surround and trap the speaker. AT: "there are more troubles around me than I can count" or "more troubles come to me than I can count" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **my iniquities** - AT: "the consequences of my iniquities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **have caught up with me** - The consequences of his iniquities are now harming him. Here iniquities are spoken of as if they were his enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **I am no longer able to see anything** - Versions differ in how to understand this difficult passage. It may mean that the speaker is crying so much that he cannot see anything because of his tears (see UDB). -* **my heart has failed me** - "I am very discouraged" (UDB) +This is stated in negative form to intensify the number.See how you translated this in [Psalms 40:5](./005.md). AT: "that are vast in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# my iniquities + +This refers to the consequences of his sin. AT: "the consequences of my iniquities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have caught up with me + +The writer's iniquities are spoken of as if they were his enemies who were harming him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I am no longer able to see anything + +Versions differ in how to understand this difficult passage. It may mean that the speaker is crying so much that he cannot see anything because of his tears. + +# my heart has failed me + +Here "heart" refers to the writer's inner confidence. AT: "I am very discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/014.md b/psa/040/014.md index 07113dad45..960cf7d5d3 100644 --- a/psa/040/014.md +++ b/psa/040/014.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Let them ... who pursue my life to take it away -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This can be reordered and stated in active form. AT: "Please make those who are trying to kill me become shamed and disappointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# who pursue my life to take it away -* **Let them…who pursue my life to take it away** - "Let those who pursue my life to destroy it be put to shame and confused together." AT: "Shame and confuse those who are trying to kill me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Let them … who delight in hurting me** - "Let those who delight in hurting me be stopped and brought to dishonor." AT: "Stop those who delight in hurting me and dishonor them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Let them … who say to me, "Aha, aha!"** - "Let those who say to me, 'Aha, aha!' be shocked because of their shame" -* **Let them be shocked because of their shame** - AT: "I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them" -* **those who say to me, "Aha, aha!"** - "Aha, aha!" is something people say when they are ridiculing someone. If your language has something that people say when ridiculing someone, it can be used here. This can also be translated with a verb like "ridicule." +Here "pursue my life" means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his "life." AT: "who are trying to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let them ... who delight in hurting me + +This can be reordered and stated in active form. AT: "Please stop those who delight in hurting me and dishonor them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# turned back + +To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. AT: "stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let them ... who say to me, "Aha, aha!" + +"Let those who say to me, 'Aha, aha!' be shocked because of their shame" + +# Let them be shocked because of their shame + +"I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them" + +# those who say to me, "Aha, aha!" + +"Aha, aha!" is something people say when they are ridiculing someone. If your language has something that people say when ridiculing someone, it can be used here. This can also be translated with a verb like "ridicule." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/016.md b/psa/040/016.md index b82e30e778..220cefaff7 100644 --- a/psa/040/016.md +++ b/psa/040/016.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# rejoice and be glad -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. AT: "be very joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# loves your salvation -* **rejoice and be glad** - These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the Lord thinks about me** - AT: "the Lord cares for me" -* **You are my help** - "You are the one who helps me" -* **you come to my rescue** - "you come to save me" +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "love you because you saved them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# poor and needy + +These words mean the same thing and emphasize how helpless the writer is. AT: "very needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the Lord thinks about me + +"the Lord cares for me" + +# You are my help ... you come to my rescue + +These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You are my help + +"You are the one who helps me" + +# you come to my rescue + +"you come to save me" + +# do not delay + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "respond quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/intro.md b/psa/040/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..13bc856f75 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/040/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 040 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### +Psalm 40 is a psalm of praise. Many also see it as a messianic psalm, a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sacrifices ##### +God is not interested in sacrifices but wants people to obey him and fulfill his plans for them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 40:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../039/intro.md) | [>>](../041/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/001.md b/psa/041/001.md index 07e6e04c20..dcfc79e3dc 100644 --- a/psa/041/001.md +++ b/psa/041/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **the weak** - "weak people" or "poor people" -* **he...him...his** - In verses 1-3 of the ULB, these words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak. -* **Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering** - The phrase "the bed of suffering" refers to when a person in bed because he is sick. AT: "When he is sick and in bed, Yahweh will strengthen him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing** - The phrase "a bed of healing" refers to when a person rests in bed and is healed. AT: "You, Yahweh, will heal him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# he ... him ... his + +These words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak. + +# the weak + +"weak people" or "poor people" + +# Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering + +The phrase "the bed of suffering" refers to when a person lies in bed because he is sick. AT: "When he is sick and in bed, Yahweh will support him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing + +The phrase "a bed of healing" refers to when a person rests in bed and recovers from his sickness. AT: "you, Yahweh, will heal him of his sickness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/004.md b/psa/041/004.md index 325fee03b0..a7bc2a54d0 100644 --- a/psa/041/004.md +++ b/psa/041/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# his name perish -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +If a person's name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. AT: "when will his name perish" or "when will people forget about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# If my enemy comes to see me -* **his name perish** - If a person's name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. AT: "when will his name perish" or "when will people forget about him" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **he says worthless things** - AT: "they pretend to be concerned about me" (UDB) Note that the ULB uses a singular pronoun meaning one enemy. The UDB uses a plural pronoun referring to any of his enemies. -* **his heart gathers up my disaster for itself** - AT: "he eagerly listens to all the bad news about me" (UDB) +The words "my enemy" refers to any enemy in general, and not to one specific enemy. + +# he says worthless things + +Possible meanings are 1) "he says meaningless things" or 2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. AT: "he says deceitful things" or "they pretend to be concerned about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his heart gathers up my disaster for itself + +His enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word "heart" refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. AT: "he tries to learn about all of my disasters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/007.md b/psa/041/007.md index 09ee1b7276..e2706c6920 100644 --- a/psa/041/007.md +++ b/psa/041/007.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# against me they hope for my hurt -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Possible meanings are 1) "they hope that very bad things will happen to me" or 2) "they are planning to hurt me." -## translationNotes +# An evil disease ... to him -* **against me they hope for my hurt** - AT: "they hope that I will be hurt" or "they hope that very bad things will happen to me" (UDB) -* **An evil disease... holds tightly to him** - AT: He has an evil disease that will not leave him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **An evil disease** - Possible meanings are 1) "A fatal disease" or 2) "Something evil" -* **has lifted up his heel against me** - AT: "has betrayed me" (See: UDB and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +His enemies speak of "disease" as if it were a person who has captured him. AT: "He is sick with a fatal disease" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# An evil disease + +Possible meanings are 1) "A fatal disease" or 2) "Something evil" + +# now that he is lying down, he will rise up no more + +Here the words "lying down" refer to lying in bed because of illness. That he will not "rise up" means that he will continue to lie down, which is a euphemism for death. AT: "now that he is sick in bed, he will die there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# has lifted up his heel against me + +This is an idiom that means his friend betrayed him. AT: "has betrayed me" or "has turned against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/010.md b/psa/041/010.md index 23114e74e3..0169b6a38b 100644 --- a/psa/041/010.md +++ b/psa/041/010.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a request. AT: "Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) -## translationNotes +# raise me up -* **But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up** - This is a request. AT: "Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raised me up" -* **raise me up** - "make me well" -* **so that I may pay them back** - "so that I may pay back my enemies" or "so that I may harm my enemies as they have harmed me" -* **By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me** - AT: "And because my enemy does not triumph over me, I know that you delight in me" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_order]]) -* **you delight in me** - "you are pleased with me" (UDB) -* **you support me in my integrity** - AT: "you support me because of my integrity" -* **will keep me before your face** - AT: "will let me be with you" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This means to raise him up from his bed, or to make him recover from his disease. AT: "make me well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so that I may pay them back + +The writer speaks of revenge on his enemies as if it were paying to them what he owes. AT: "so that I may take revenge on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me + +The word "this" refers to what the writer will say next. For clarity, the clauses may be reversed. AT: "Because my enemy does not triumph over me, I know that you delight in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me + +This can also be translated in future tense, since Yahweh has not yet healed him. AT: "If you enable me to do that, with the result that my enemies do not defeat me, I will know that you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you support me in my integrity + +"you support me because of my integrity" + +# will keep me before your face + +The writer speaks of being in Yahweh's presence as being in a place where Yahweh can see him and he can see Yahweh's face. AT: "will keep me with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/013.md b/psa/041/013.md index 23b1354006..1bbe36b85c 100644 --- a/psa/041/013.md +++ b/psa/041/013.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 1 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 1 and ends with Psalm 41. -## translationNotes +# from everlasting to everlasting +This refers to two extremes and means for all time. AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Amen and Amen + +The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. AT: "May it certainly be so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/intro.md b/psa/041/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ffd8b5112 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/041/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 041 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 41 is a psalm of deliverance. The author's friends had become his enemies who wanted to see him die but he trusted God to rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Enemies ##### +The author's best friend had become an enemy. His enemies were happy because they were sure his sickness would result in death. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 41:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../040/intro.md) | [>>](../042/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/001.md b/psa/042/001.md index 7c4b0dd8f2..a2bbf61667 100644 --- a/psa/042/001.md +++ b/psa/042/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]]. -* **As the deer pants ... so my soul pants after you ** - The author's desire for God is compared to a thirsty deer that needs water. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my soul pants after you ... My soul thirsts for God** - The author uses the eternal part of a person that relates to God to refer to himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **pants** - heavy breathing from an animal or person that is very tired or thirsty -* **thirsts for God** - The author uses the example of thirst to express a strong desire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **when will I come and appear before God?** - The author does not ask this question to get an answer but to show his strong desire to be before God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# As the deer pants after streams of water, so I thirst for you, God + +The author compares his desire for God to the desire of a thirsty deer for water. + +# pants + +heavy breathing from an animal or person that is very tired or thirsty + +# I thirst for you, God ... thirst for God + +The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when will I come and appear before God? + +The author does not ask this question to get an answer but to show his strong desire to be before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/003.md b/psa/042/003.md index 4b153e3cc4..b0d17e6b5a 100644 --- a/psa/042/003.md +++ b/psa/042/003.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# My tears have been my food -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The author refers to his tears as if they are food that he eats. This means that he is so sad that he cannot eat. AT: "My tears are like my food and I eat nothing else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# day and night -* **My tears have been my food** - The author refers to his tears as his food to express how great his sadness is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **day and night** - This phrase refers to the entire day by referring to both its beginning and end. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **my enemies are always saying to me** - This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly are saying it often. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Where is your God?** - The author's enemies use this question to express that they do not see his God helping him. AT: "Your God is not here to help you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **call to mind** - "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I pour out my soul** - I pour out my soul -* The author uses this phrase to say that he is expressing his inmost thoughts and desires in prayer to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **joy and praise** - This phrase uses two different words to express one idea. AT: "joyful praise" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +This phrase refers to the entire day by referring to both its beginning and end. AT: "all day long" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# my enemies are always saying to me + +This is an exaggeration. His enemies are not saying this constantly; they are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Where is your God? + +The author's enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see his God helping him. AT: "Your God is not here to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# call to mind + +This is an idiom that means to remember or think about something. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I pour out my soul + +Here the word "soul" refers to the emotions. The author speaks of his soul as if it is a liquid that he pours out. The phrase means that he is expressing his emotional grief. AT: "I express my sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the throng + +"the crowd of people" + +# joy and praise + +This phrase uses two different words to express one idea. AT: "joyful praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/005.md b/psa/042/005.md index c3518a2dab..5be1bb3470 100644 --- a/psa/042/005.md +++ b/psa/042/005.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me? -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +The author refers to his inner self as his "soul," which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. AT: "I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# bowed down -* **Why are you bowed down, my soul?** - The author refers to himself as "my soul". He asks a question meaning that he should not be discouraged. AT: "I should not be discouraged." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **for the help of his presence** - "for being with me and helping me" -* **therefore I call you to mind** - "I think of you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **from the land of the Jordan** - "there in my homeland of Israel where the Jordan River flows down" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **peaks** - mountain tops -* **hill of Mizar** - This is the name of a hill at the base of Mount Hermon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. AT: "discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hope in God + +The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# My God, my soul + +The writer begins to speak to God about his soul. + +# I call you to mind + +This phrase means to remember or to think about something. AT: "I think of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the land of the Jordan + +This is probably a reference to northern Israel, where the Jordan river originates. AT: "the land where the Jordan river begins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# peaks + +mountain tops + +# hill of Mizar + +This is the name of a hill at the base of Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/007.md b/psa/042/007.md index 64507de8ff..80e41aa43e 100644 --- a/psa/042/007.md +++ b/psa/042/007.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Deep calls to deep at the noise of your waterfalls -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "deep" refers to deep waters, which here are likely the streams rushing down Mount Hermon. The writer speaks of them as if they are people calling out to one another as they hear the sound of their own descent from the mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# all your waves ... have gone over me -* **Deep calls to deep** - The word "deep" refers to deep water and is a symbol of great misfortune and sadness. They "call" to another, in that they come quickly, one after another. AT: "I have continuous troubles" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **at the noise of your waterfalls** - "like the continuous noise of a waterfall" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **all your waves ... have gone over me ** - The author uses the idea of being covered by waves to show that he is overwhelmed by his sadness and by everything that God is allowing to happen to him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your waves and your billows** - Both of these phrases refer different types of waves. AT: "your waves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your waves and your billows + +The word "billows" is another word for "waves." Together the two words emphasize the greatness of the waves. AT: "all of your great waves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime + +The writer speaks of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime" or "Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his song + +Possible meanings are 1) "the song that he gives me" or "the song about him" + +# the God of my life + +"the God who gives me life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/009.md b/psa/042/009.md index 58d64630f2..d9e1a0d8fa 100644 --- a/psa/042/009.md +++ b/psa/042/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will say to God, my rock -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Why do I go mourning -* **I will say to God, my rock** - The author sees God as his protection and refers to him as a rock. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* ** Why do I go mourning** - To go mourning is to perform customs related to being very sad. -* **As with a sword in my bones** - The author describes his adversaries' rebukes as receiving a fatal wound. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **they always say to me** - This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly but are saying it often. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Where is your God?** - The author's enemies use this question to express that they do not see God helping him. AT: "Your God is not here to help you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +To "go mourning" is to perform customs related to being very sad. + +# As with a sword in my bones + +The writer describes his adversaries' rebukes as his receiving a fatal wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they always say to me + +This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly but are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Where is your God? + +The writer's enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see God helping him. AT: "Your God is not here to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/011.md b/psa/042/011.md index 802619e059..0a59e62287 100644 --- a/psa/042/011.md +++ b/psa/042/011.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me? -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +The author refers to his inner self as his "soul," which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](./005.md). AT: "I should not be bowed down, I should not be worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# bowed down -* **Why are you bowed down, my soul?** - The author refers to himself as "my soul". The author speaks to himself as if he were speaking to another person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **he is the help of my face and my God** - The author refers to himself as "my face". AT: "he is my help and he is my God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) Also, this is written as two phases so that it has a stronger meaning. If necessary they can be combined. AT: "my God helps me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](./005.md). AT: "discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hope in God + +The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](./005.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/intro.md b/psa/042/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7dd6b45a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/042/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Psalm 042 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 42 is a psalm of praise for all that God has done and a prayer for deliverance from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Yahweh's deliverance ##### +The psalmist praises God as he remembers what God has done for him in the past, and he puts his trust in him. He needs rescuing from his enemies. Scholars believe that this psalm is about a man in exile longing for Jerusalem. + +##### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43 ##### +Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm. + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil of the sons of Korah." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 42:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../041/intro.md) | [>>](../043/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/043/001.md b/psa/043/001.md index 566417a77e..c6035dad28 100644 --- a/psa/043/001.md +++ b/psa/043/001.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:mourn|mourn, mourning]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:plead|plead, pleading, petition]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly|ungodly, godless, ungodliness, godlessness]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the God of my strength -* **the God of my strength** - AT: "the God who gives me strength" -* **thrown me away** - The author feels that God has rejected him and compares it to being thrown away. AT: "rejected me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Why do I go mourning** - To go mourning is to perform customs related to being very sad. +Possible meanings are 1) "the God who protects me" or 2) "the God who gives me strength." + +# Why have you rejected me? Why do I go about in mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? + +The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why do I go about in mourning + +To "go about in mourning" is to perform customs related to being very sad. + +# because of the oppression of the enemy + +The word "oppression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "because my enemy oppresses me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/043/003.md b/psa/043/003.md index 47a0a2f44f..f3091919b5 100644 --- a/psa/043/003.md +++ b/psa/043/003.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# send out your light and your truth -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +The writer speaks of God's deliverance as if it were a light that shows him the way and truth that teaches him how to live. AT: "guide me with your light and truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# holy hill -* **Oh, send out your light ... let them lead me ** - The words your light and your truth have the same meaning. AT: "Please give me your truths to guide my life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **holy hill** - The Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by the hill it is built on. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **exceeding joy** - AT: "very great joy" +This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where the temple is located and thus to the temple itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to your dwelling + +"to the place where you live" + +# God my exceeding joy + +"God who is my very great joy" or "God who gives me very great joy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/043/005.md b/psa/043/005.md index ebbae0ee1c..1ae854db8b 100644 --- a/psa/043/005.md +++ b/psa/043/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me? -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +The author refers to his inner self as his "soul," which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). AT: "I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# bowed down -* **Why are you bowed down, my soul?** - The author refers to himself as "my soul". The author speaks to himself as if he were speaking to another person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **disquieted** - "not at peace" -* **my help and my God** - This is written as two phases so that it has a stronger meaning. If necessary they can be combined. AT: "my God helps me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). AT: "discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hope in God + +The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# my salvation and my God + +The phrase "my salvation" refers to God. If necessary the two phrases can be combined. AT: "my God who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/043/intro.md b/psa/043/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..01c1188ab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/043/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 043 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Encouragement ##### +The author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43 ##### +Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 43:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../042/intro.md) | [>>](../044/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/001.md b/psa/044/001.md index 20d7ce7eac..7a0cfa9d82 100644 --- a/psa/044/001.md +++ b/psa/044/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of the sons of Korah** - "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]]. -* **did in their days, in the days of old** - Both of these phrases use the word "days" to refer to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **drove out the nations** - "caused the people from other nations to leave" -* **planted our people** - The word "planted" compares when Yahweh gave Israel to his people as their home to putting a plants roots in the soil so it can grow there. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of the sons of Korah + +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# We have heard with our ears, God + +The word "ears" adds emphasis to the statement that they have heard and understood the things that the writer is about to describe. The writer addresses this statement to God. AT: "God, we have heard clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in their days, in the days of old + +Both of these phrases use the word "days" to refer to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You drove out the nations + +"You forced the people from other nations to leave" + +# with your hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to God's power. AT: "by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you planted our people + +The writer speaks of God's causing the Israelites to live in the land as if he were planting them in the soil like he would a tree. AT: "you caused our people to live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/003.md b/psa/044/003.md index 85dc561f64..c0af1b4605 100644 --- a/psa/044/003.md +++ b/psa/044/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# by their own sword -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +The word "sword" refers to military power. AT: "by fighting with their own swords" or "by their own army's strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# their own arm -* **by their own sword** - The word "sword" refers to the military power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your arm** - Yahweh's arm refers to his power. AT: "your power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the light of your face** - This part of Yahweh refers to his guidance. AT: "your guidance" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **victory for Jacob** - The people of Israel are referred to by the name of their ancestor "Jacob". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the word "arm" refers to power. AT: "their own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the light of your face + +You may supply a verb for this phrase. AT: "the light of your face obtained the land for their possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# your right hand, your arm + +Here the words "hand" and "arm" both refer to God's power. Combined, they emphasize the greatness of God's power. AT: "your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the light of your face + +The writer speaks of Yahweh looking with favor upon them and being kind to them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "your kindness" or "your good favor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# victory for Jacob + +The people of Israel are referred to by the name of their ancestor "Jacob." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/005.md b/psa/044/005.md index 536853ef84..95949ced97 100644 --- a/psa/044/005.md +++ b/psa/044/005.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Through you ... through your -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +"By you ... by your" -## translationNotes +# push down ... tread them under ... rise up -* **through you ... through your** - "by you" ... "by your" -* **push down... tread them under... rise up** - These phrases use up and down to refer to fighting their enemies. If they have been pushed down, they have been defeated. If they rise up, they prepare to fight. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **tread them under** - "walk on top of them" +The writer speaks of his enemies' defeat as if they are "down" and of their preparing to fight as if they are "up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through your name + +Here the word "name" refers to God's power and authority. AT: "by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tread them under + +"tread them under our feet" or "walk on top of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/007.md b/psa/044/007.md index 09c8dbf9cd..57db9ffead 100644 --- a/psa/044/007.md +++ b/psa/044/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# we have made our boast -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +The word "boast" can be translated with a verb. AT: "we have boasted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# we will give thanks to your name -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +Here the word "name" refers to God, himself. AT: "we will give thanks to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/009.md b/psa/044/009.md index 043422d418..c81f1268df 100644 --- a/psa/044/009.md +++ b/psa/044/009.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# thrown us off -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor|dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +The writer speaks of God's rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. AT: "rejected us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# spoil -* **thrown us off** - This phrase compares God's rejection of the people of Israel like an unwanted piece of clothing he has thrown off. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **spoil** - resources and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle -* **like sheep destined for food** - The Israelites compare themselves to sheep that are to be killed for food. AT: "you have allowed us to be unprotected" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **destined for food** - "are for food" -* **scattered us among the nations** - AT: "caused us to live separately in different nations instead of living together in Israel" +resources and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle + +# You have made us like sheep destined for food + +The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. AT: "You have allowed our enemies to kill us like they would kill a sheep and eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# destined for food + +"destined to become food that people eat" + +# scattered us among the nations + +"caused us to live in many different nations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/012.md b/psa/044/012.md index c85783974b..e3dc2f61d1 100644 --- a/psa/044/012.md +++ b/psa/044/012.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# sell your people for nothing -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +The writer speaks of Yahweh allowing Israel's enemies to conquer them as if he were selling the people of Israel to their enemies but does not require any payment from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You make us a rebuke to our neighbors, scoffed and mocked by those around us -* **sell your people for nothing** - When Yahweh allows his people to be taken into slavery they compare it to being sold for no money. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **You make us a rebuke ... a scoffing and a derision ... ** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) - These two phrases are parallel emphasizing how they are mocked by the people they live among. -* ** a scoffing and a derision** - These two words have the same meaning. They are both nouns meaning something that is mocked or ridiculed. AT: "a mockery and an object of ridicule" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* ** an insult among ... a shaking of the head ...** - These phrases are parallel emphasizing how wide-spread their ridicule is among the nations. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases are parallel emphasizing how the people among whom they live mock them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You make us a rebuke to our neighbors + +The word "rebuke" can be translated as a verb. AT: "You make us something that our neighbors rebuke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# scoffed and mocked by those around us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those around us scoff at us and mock us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an insult among ... a shaking of the head + +These phrases are parallel emphasizing how intensely the nations around them mock them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You make us an insult among the nations + +The word "insult" can be translated as a verb. AT: "You make the nations around us insult us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a shaking of the head among the peoples + +The phrase "a shaking of the head" can be translated in verbal form. AT: "something at which the peoples shake their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a shaking of the head + +This was a gesture that people used to show scorn to others. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/015.md b/psa/044/015.md index 4b45754fcd..81f338e583 100644 --- a/psa/044/015.md +++ b/psa/044/015.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my dishonor is before me -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +The writer speaks of his dishonor as if it were an object that is always in front of him for him to see. The phrase means that he is always thinking about his dishonor. AT: "I think about my dishonor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the shame of my face has covered me -* **my dishonor is before me** - This phrase means that he is always thinking about his dishonor, like you would think about something that was always in front of you. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the shame of my face** - The author refers to himself by his face, which is the part of his body that other people recognize him by. AT: "my shame" or "my shameful reputation" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **has covered me** - This phrase refers to how his shame has effected everything in his life. AT: "is all over me" or "has become very great" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **him who rebukes and insults** - Both of these words have similar meanings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The writer speaks of his shame as if it is an object that covers him like a blanket would cover him. AT: "the shame of my face has overwhelmed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the shame of my face + +"the shame that shows on my face." This refers to his facial expressions that his shame causes. + +# because of the voice of him who rebukes and insults + +Here the words "the voice" represents the person insulting him. AT: "because of what the person says who rebukes and insults me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# rebukes and insults + +These words have similar meanings and emphasize the harsh nature of what this person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/018.md b/psa/044/018.md index 486c11b553..8d5b6e6aa4 100644 --- a/psa/044/018.md +++ b/psa/044/018.md @@ -1,25 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# Our heart has not turned back ... have not gone from your way -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:shadow|shadow]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of loyalty to God as if it were following him, and disloyalty as if it were turning away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Our heart has not turned back -* **Our heart has…secrets of the heart** - The people refer to themselves as the part of the body related to emotions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **turned back…steps have not gone from your way** - These phrases compare continuing to follow a person to being loyal to him, and turning away as not being loyal. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the place of jackals ** - a wild, uninhabitable place (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **jackals** - a type of wild dog -* **the shadow of death** - Having death's shadow near you or over you means death is as close as a person's shadow. -* **spread out our hands ** - This phrase refers to worship. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **would not God search this out? ** - This question is used to express that God would know if they worshipped another god because he pays attention to what they do. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **sheep for the slaughter ** - The writer compares the people of Israel to sheep that are supposed to be killed because they are not useful alive. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions, and specifically to loyalty and devotion. AT: "We have not stopped being loyal to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have severely broken us + +The writer speaks of God's punishment as if it were breaking a fragile object. AT: "you have punished us severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the place of jackals + +The writer speaks of Israel after God's punishment as if it were a wild, uninhabitable place. AT: "and made our land like a place where jackals live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# jackals + +a type of wild dog + +# covered us with the shadow of death + +The writer speaks of death as if it is an object that casts a shadow over those who are about to die. AT: "made us so that we are about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If we have forgotten the name of our God + +Here the word "name" refers to God, himself. To forget God is to stop worshiping him. This is something that did not happen. AT: "If we had forgotten our God" or "If we had stopped worshiping our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# spread out our hands to a strange god + +Spreading out the hands is a gesture that people used to worship and pray to a god. AT: "worshiped a strange god" or "prayed to a strange god" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# would not God search this out? + +The writer uses this question to express that God would know if they worshiped another god. AT: "God would certainly find out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he knows the secrets of the heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the mind and thoughts. AT: "he knows what a person secretly thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# we are being killed all day long + +The phrase "all day long" is an exaggeration to emphasize that their people are being killed frequently. This can be stated in active form. AT: "we are always in danger of people killing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we are considered to be sheep for the slaughter + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people consider us to be sheep for the slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sheep for the slaughter + +The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/023.md b/psa/044/023.md index b5ed935c72..b4e6058e51 100644 --- a/psa/044/023.md +++ b/psa/044/023.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Awake, why do you sleep, Lord? -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:sleep|sleep, asleep, fall asleep]] +This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer speaks of God's seeming inactivity as if God is sleeping. He asks the question to rebuke God for appearing not to be concerned about their troubles. AT: "Wake up! I feel like you are sleeping, Lord!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# do not throw us off -* **why do you sleep...hide your face** - These phrases are used to refer to the Lord not doing anything to help. People who sleep and hide are not working to help. AT: "You should save us from our troubles." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **throw us off** - Taking off a piece of clothing is used to describe how God has rejected the people of Israel. -* **Why do you hide your face** - The word "face" is used to refer to the Lord's attention since a person turns their face to what they would like to see. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) AT: "You are not helping us" -* **our affliction and our oppression** - "we are oppressed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **forget our affliction and our oppression** - "even though our enemies oppress us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The writer speaks of God's rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 44:9](./009.md). AT: "do not reject us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why do you hide your face ... our oppression? + +The writer uses this question to complain that God appears to be ignoring them. AT: "Do not hide your face ... our oppression." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# hide your face + +The writer speaks of God ignoring them as if God were hiding his face so that he could not see them. AT: "ignore us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# forget our affliction and our oppression + +The words "affliction" and "oppression" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the severity of their affliction. These words may also be translated as verbs. AT: "forget that people afflict us and oppress us" or "forget that people greatly afflict us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/025.md b/psa/044/025.md index f0072d2851..21e6f54810 100644 --- a/psa/044/025.md +++ b/psa/044/025.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For we have melted away into the dust; our bodies cling to the earth -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +These parallel phrases share similar meanings. The writer describes his people as lying on the ground in a posture of defeat and humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For we have melted away into the dust -* **For we have melted away into the dust** - When something melts it becomes smaller until it disappears. If what gives them life has become small and weak then they cannot take action to help themselves. Both fear and sadness can cause this feeling. AT: "We are so afraid it is like the part of us that helps us fight has melted away" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **bodies cling to the earth** - This is another way to say they have no energy to fight any longer. Like they are so weak they have fallen and lift themselves off the ground. -* **Rise up** - This is a command to stand. This phrase is used to refer to beginning to act on something. +The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were objects, such as ice, that melt and soak into the dirt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# our bodies cling to the earth + +The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Rise up + +This is a command to stand. This phrase refers to beginning to act on something. AT: "Take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for the sake of your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "to show that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/intro.md b/psa/044/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1136cce60 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/044/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 044 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 44 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for God's help against enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Enemies ##### +When Israel entered the Promised Land, God fought for them and drove out their enemies. Since their enemies have now defeated them, they are in need of God's help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 44:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../043/intro.md) | [>>](../045/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/001.md b/psa/045/001.md index 448766e68b..f149046711 100644 --- a/psa/045/001.md +++ b/psa/045/001.md @@ -1,39 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:korah|korah]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to Shoshanim** - This may refer to a style or the tune of the music. Sometimes it is translated as "set to the tune of 'Lilies.'" -* **A psalm of the sons of Korah** - "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]]. -* **A song of loves** - "A love song" -* **overflows** - "is overwhelmed" or "is excited" -* **a good subject** - "a noble theme" or "a good word" -* **composed** - to have written or created a song -* **my tongue is the pen of a ready writer** - The author's tongue is compared to a pen. The author refers to himself by his tongue, because that is the part of his boy he speaks with. AT: "My tongue is like the pen of person who writes well" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **You are fairer than the children of men** - This phrase exaggerates how the king looks, saying that he is better looking than all the children born of men. AT: "you are better looking than most other children born of men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **grace is poured onto your lips** - The lips of the king refers to his ability to speak. Poured grace expresses that God has greatly blessed the king's ability to speak. AT: "you speak gracefully" or "you speak beautifully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Shoshannim + +This may refer to a style or the tune of the music. Sometimes it is translated as "set to the tune of 'Lilies.'" + +# A psalm of the sons of Korah + +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# A song of loves + +"A love song" + +# My heart overflows on a good subject + +The writer speaks of his heart as if it were a container that overflows with liquid. The word "heart" represents his emotions, which are excited by the song that he sings. AT: "My emotions are excited about a good subject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a good subject + +"a noble theme" or "a beautiful word." This refers to the song that he has written. + +# composed + +to have written or created a song + +# my tongue is the pen of a ready writer + +The writer speaks of his tongue as if it were a pen. He speaks words as skillfully as an experienced writer writes words. AT: "my tongue is like the pen of person who writes well" or "I speak words as skillfully as an experienced writer can write words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You are fairer than the children of mankind + +This phrase is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the king is better looking than anyone else. The phrase "children of mankind" is an idiom and refers to all humans. AT: "You are more handsome than any other man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# grace is poured onto your lips + +The writer speaks of grace as if it were oil that someone has used to anoint the king's lips. The word "lips" refers to the king's speech. The phrase means that the king speaks eloquently. AT: "it is as if someone has anointed your lips with oil" or "you speak eloquently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/003.md b/psa/045/003.md index 9f3dfa2e62..856d22252f 100644 --- a/psa/045/003.md +++ b/psa/045/003.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Put your sword on your side -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:majesty|majesty]] -* [[en:tw:meek]] -* [[en:tw:meek|meek]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Warriors carried their swords in a sheath that hung from a belt around their waist. The sword would rest against their side. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. AT: "Prepare yourself for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# ride on triumphantly -* **Put your sword on your thigh** - A sword hung from a belt against the thigh. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. AT: "Prepare for battle" -* **thigh ** - the upper section of the leg -* **because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness** - These are qualities of the mighty one. AT: because you fight for what is true and right" -* **your right hand will teach you** - The right hand is the hand most soldiers held a sword in. It could be said to teach them through the experience they gained in battle. AT: "You will become a great warrior by fighting in many battles" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The writer tells the king to ride his horse or chariot to victory. + +# because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness + +The abstract nouns "trustworthiness," "meekness," and "righteousness" can be stated as adjectives. Possible meanings are 1) these are qualities of the mighty one. AT: "because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous" or 2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. AT: "in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your right hand will teach you fearful things + +Most soldiers held their swords with their right hands when they fought. Here, the phrase "right hand" refers to his ability to fight, which the writer speaks of as if it were a person who can teach the king through the experience he gains in battle. AT: "You will learn to accomplish great military feats by fighting in many battles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# fearful things + +"awesome deeds." This refers to military victories that cause his enemies to fear him and his allies to revere him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/005.md b/psa/045/005.md index 994403defe..3093946670 100644 --- a/psa/045/005.md +++ b/psa/045/005.md @@ -1,32 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the peoples fall under you -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] +This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. Possible meanings are 1) "the peoples fall at your feet in surrender" or 2) "the peoples fall dead at your feet." -## translationNotes +# your arrows are in the hearts of the king's enemies -* **the peoples fall under you ... hearts of the king’s enemies** - This describes the king's enemies dying in battle. For AT see UDB. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Your throne, God, is forever and ever** - The author turns his attention from the king and speaks to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) The word "throne" is used to refer to rule as a king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) AT: "God you will rule on your throne forever and ever" -* **forever and ever** - Both of these words have the same meaning. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **You have loved** - The author returns to speaking to the king. -* **oil of gladness** - Gladness is referred to as an oil that can be poured on a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"your arrows have pierced the hearts of your enemies." The writer speaks to the king while referring to the king in the third person. + +# Your throne ... is forever and ever + +The word "throne" represents the kingdom and rule of the king. AT: "Your kingdom ... is forever and ever" or "You will reign ... forever and ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your throne, God + +Possible meanings are that the word "God" 1) is a title for the king, who is God's representative or 2) modifies the word "throne" and means "Your kingdom that God has given you." + +# a scepter of justice is the scepter of your kingdom + +The word "scepter" represents the king's authority to rule his kingdom. AT: "you rule your kingdom with justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness + +The writer speaks of gladness as if it were an oil that God used to anoint the king. That God has anointed him is a symbolic action that represents God's choosing him to be king. AT: "when God appointed you as king, he made you very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/008.md b/psa/045/008.md index bc76f039cc..fd87321fe5 100644 --- a/psa/045/008.md +++ b/psa/045/008.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:clothed|clothe, clothed]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh|myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] -* [[en:tw:queen|queen]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Here the writer begins to describe what appears to be the wedding ceremony of the king and his bride. -## translationNotes +# myrrh, aloes, and cassia -* **myrrh, aloes, and cassia - ** - ** These are substances collected from plants to make perfume. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **ivory palaces** - Ivory is a hard white substance that forms animal's tusks. This phrase describes a palace decorated with items made of ivory. -* **honorable women ** - These women are wives of the king who receive his approval. -* **Ophir** - This is the name of a city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These are aromatic plant substances that people used to make perfumes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# ivory palaces + +Ivory is a hard white substance that forms animal's tusks. This phrase describes a palace with walls and furniture that people have decorated with ivory. + +# stringed instruments have made you glad + +The words "stringed instruments" refers to the music that people make by playing the stringed instruments. AT: "the music of stringed instruments has made you glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honorable women + +These women are wives of the king who receive his approval. + +# the queen + +This is a reference to the woman who will become queen. AT: "your bride, the queen" or "your bride, who will be the queen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Ophir + +This is the name of a place that had a reputation for its fine gold. The location is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/010.md b/psa/045/010.md index e8a4cd45cd..bef84bea27 100644 --- a/psa/045/010.md +++ b/psa/045/010.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen, daughter -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] -* [[en:tw:reverence|reverence]] +The writer begins to speak to the queen and refers to her as "daughter" because she is a young woman. -## translationNotes +# incline your ear -* **Listen, daughter** - The author begins to speak to the queen and refers to her as a daughter because she is a young woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **incline your ear** - Incline means to bend forward and describes a person who leans forward to listen better. AT: "listen carefully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **forget your own people** - This phrase asks the queen to forget the customs and beliefs of the queen's people. AT: "do not follow the customs of your people" -* **In this way** - AT: "and" or "so" -* **the king will desire your beauty** - This is a polite way to say that the king will to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one's ear towards the person who is speaking. AT: "listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# forget your own people + +The writer speaks of the queen no longer following the beliefs and customs of her native people as if it were forgetting them. AT: "no longer follow the customs of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your father's house + +Here the word "house" refers to family. AT: "your relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In this way + +"and" or "so" + +# the king will desire your beauty + +This is a polite way to say that the king will want to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/012.md b/psa/045/012.md index 419670ee3c..10519ccccd 100644 --- a/psa/045/012.md +++ b/psa/045/012.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gift|gift]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:royal]] -* [[en:tw:royal|royal]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:tyre|Tyre]] +The writer continues to speak to the queen. -## translationNotes +# The daughter of Tyre -* The author continues to speak to the queen. -* **The daughter of Tyre** - This is a metaphor for the people of Tyre. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **royal daughter** - AT: "the young woman the king will marry" -* **her clothing is worked with gold** - AT: "tailors use gold to make her clothes" +The writer speaks of the people who live in Tyre as if they are Tyre's children. AT: "The people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The royal daughter + +This is a reference to the woman whom the king will marry. AT: "The king's bride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all glorious + +"very beautiful." This refers to the woman's appearance. + +# her clothing is worked with gold + +Her clothing is decorated or embroidered with gold. This can be stated in active form. AT: "she wears clothing that someone has embroidered with golden thread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/014.md b/psa/045/014.md index 9b573be96f..9956bd84c4 100644 --- a/psa/045/014.md +++ b/psa/045/014.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:virgin|virgin]] +The author continues to speak about the queen but begins to address the king again. -## translationNotes +# She will be led to the king in embroidered dress -* The author continues to speak about the queen. -* **embroidered** - a design made by sewing colored threads into cloth -* **They will be led by gladness and rejoicing ** - This phrase describes "gladness and rejoicing" as a person who leads others to celebrate. AT: "The bride and her companions go forward, very glad and full of joy." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will lead her to the king as she wears an embroidered dress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# embroidered + +a design made by sewing colored threads into cloth + +# the virgins, her companions who follow her, will be brought to you + +Here the word "you" refers to the king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will bring to you the virgins, her companions who follow her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be led by gladness and rejoicing + +This phrase describes "gladness and rejoicing" as a person who leads others to celebrate. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Gladness and rejoicing will lead them" or "They will proceed with gladness and rejoicing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gladness and rejoicing + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. AT: "great gladness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/016.md b/psa/045/016.md index 031ae2efd6..f54a52910e 100644 --- a/psa/045/016.md +++ b/psa/045/016.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] +The writer continues to address the king. -## translationNotes +# In the place of your fathers will be your children -* **I will make your name** - The word "I" refers to the author. The word "your" refers to God. -* **forever and ever** - These words have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This means that the king's sons will replace him as king, just as he replaced his ancestors as king. + +# you will make princes in all the earth + +The phrase "in all the earth" is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will rule over many nations. AT: "you will make rulers over many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# I will make your name to be remembered in all generations + +Here the word "I" refers to the writer. The word "name" refers to the king's character and reputation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause people in every generation to know about your greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/intro.md b/psa/045/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa9fca54b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/045/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 045 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 45 is a royal psalm written for the king's wedding day. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Beauty ##### +The king has a beautiful palace, and his bride is also beautiful. + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 45:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../044/intro.md) | [>>](../046/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/001.md b/psa/046/001.md index a2200516de..b7f0b98ca3 100644 --- a/psa/046/001.md +++ b/psa/046/001.md @@ -1,34 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:korah|korah]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] -* [[en:tw:rage|rage]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* This psalm is a song of praise. -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of the sons of Korah;** - This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote;" -* **set to Alamoth** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **God is our refuge and strength** - God is described as a strong place, safe from attack. AT: "God is the reason we are safe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the heart of the sea** - The sea depths are inside the sea like a heart is inside of a person or animal. AT: "into the depths of the sea" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **mountains tremble with their swelling** - This phrase describes a volcano that is about to erupt. This is an event that would cause fear if a person did not have confidence they were protected by God. AT: "though the mountains tremble as they swell" or "though the volcanoes tremble as they swell" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of the sons of Korah + +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" + +# set to Alamoth + +This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# God is our refuge and strength + +The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "God gives us safety and strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mountains should be shaken into the heart of the seas + +The writer speaks of the deepest part of the sea as if it were the sea's heart. Here he describes an earthquake that causes the mountains to crumble and fall into the sea. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the mountains should shake so violently that they fall into the depths of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# though its waters roar and rage + +"though the waters of the sea roar and rage." The words "roar" and "rage" describe the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm. + +# mountains tremble with their swelling + +The phrase "their swelling" refers to the waters of the sea as they rise and crash against the mountains. AT: "the swelling waters cause the mountains to tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/004.md b/psa/046/004.md index 70fe7a1cf2..2daa03eed8 100644 --- a/psa/046/004.md +++ b/psa/046/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# There is a river whose streams make the city of God happy -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacles]] +The imagery of a running river symbolizes peace and prosperity for the city of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# make the city of God happy -* **There is a river, the streams of which make the city of God happy** - AT: "There is a river whose streams make glad the city of God" or "There is a river that causes the people in God’s city to be glad." -* **the city of God** - AT: "the people in the city of God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the holy place of the tabernacles of the Most High** - "it is the city where the holy place of the tabernacles of the Most High is" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **God is in the middle of her** - The word "her" refers to the "city of God" -* **moved** - "shaken" +The phrase "the city of God" refers to Jerusalem, and represents the people who live in that city. AT: "make the people who live in Jerusalem happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the holy place where the Most High dwells + +This phrase describes "the city of God." AT: "the holy place where the Most High lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the middle of her; she will not be moved ... help her + +The words "her" and "she" refer to "the city of God." + +# she will not be moved + +Here, the word "moved" is the same word translated as "shaken" in [Psalms v. 2](./001.md). The writer speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing will be able destroy her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/006.md b/psa/046/006.md index 75e856c5e0..63b17bb236 100644 --- a/psa/046/006.md +++ b/psa/046/006.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The nations raged -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] -* [[en:tw:rage|raged]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Here, the word "raged" is the same word that the writer used in [Psalms v. 3](./001.md) to describe the waters of the sea. The writer speaks of the fear of the nations as if it was the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm. AT: "The nations are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the kingdoms were shaken -* **the kingdoms were shaken** - AT: "the kingdoms were shaken with fear (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the earth melted** - AT: the earth melted in fear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **lifted up his voice** - To make a voice higher refers to making it louder. -* **God of Jacob is our refuge** - AT: "God of Jacob is like a refuge because he protects us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here, the word "shaken" is the same word that the writer used in [Psalms v. 2](./001.md) to describe the effect of an earthquake on the mountains. The writer speaks of the overthrow of kingdoms by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "armies overthrew the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he lifted up his voice + +"God lifted up his voice." The writer speaks of the "voice" as an object that a person can pick up and raise into the air. This means that the voice becomes louder. AT: "God shouted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the earth melted + +The writer speaks of the earth as an object, such as ice, that can melt. Here "the earth" represents mankind, and to melt represents fear. AT: "the people of the earth tremble with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the God of Jacob is our refuge + +The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "the God of Jacob gives us safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the God of Jacob + +Possible meanings are 1) "the God whom Jacob worshiped" or 2) "Jacob" is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means "the God of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/008.md b/psa/046/008.md index f7ea56e1e5..471ae0a0fb 100644 --- a/psa/046/008.md +++ b/psa/046/008.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He makes wars cease -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"He makes nations stop fighting wars" -## translationNotes +# to the ends of the earth -* There are no translation notes needed for these verses. +This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. AT: "everywhere in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he breaks the bow ... burns up the shields + +One way in which Yahweh will make all wars to cease is by destroying the weapons that the armies use to fight one another. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/010.md b/psa/046/010.md index ffc9b4f02e..d452fea5f2 100644 --- a/psa/046/010.md +++ b/psa/046/010.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Be quiet and know that I am God -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Here, God begins to speak. -## translationNotes +# Be quiet -* **I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that God will be exalted everywhere. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **God of Jacob is our refuge** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:046:006]]. -* ​ +In this context, these words are likely a command to the nations to stop their wars. AT: "Stop fighting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# know that I am God + +Here the word "know" means to understand and to confess that Yahweh is the true God. + +# I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people of every nation in the world will exalt God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People from every nation will exalt me; people all over the earth will exalt me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge + +The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. See how you translated these lines in [Psalms 46:7](./006.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/intro.md b/psa/046/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..49f6fb4157 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/046/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 046 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 46 is a psalm of praise to God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +God is all-powerful, controls nature, and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 46:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../045/intro.md) | [>>](../047/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/047/001.md b/psa/047/001.md index 3dc0f7693c..9b26af10d3 100644 --- a/psa/047/001.md +++ b/psa/047/001.md @@ -1,30 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:korah|korah]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh|Most High]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* This psalm is a song of praise. -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of the sons of Korah** - “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.” -* **Clap your hands** - Clapping your hands is associated with celebration AT: "Celebrate" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **triumph** - "victory" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# A psalm of the sons of Korah + +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" + +# Clap your hands + +Clapping your hands is associated with celebration. AT: "Clap your hands in celebration" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# shout to God with the sound of triumph + +"shout to God with joyful voices." Here the word "triumph" refers to the joy associated with victory. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/047/003.md b/psa/047/003.md index a2a38fa4f3..5dfd03d3a0 100644 --- a/psa/047/003.md +++ b/psa/047/003.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# He subdues peoples under us and nations under our feet -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] +These two phrases are parallel and mean that God enabled Israel to conquer their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# subdues -* **subdues** - to control by force. -* **under us...under our feet** - Authority is described as having a position over others. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **with a shout...the sound of a trumpet** - These phrases use actions associated with celebration to describe the people's celebration. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +to conquer and place under the authority of another + +# under us ... under our feet + +The writer speaks of conquering other nations as if it were putting those nations underneath their feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He chooses our inheritance for us + +The writer speaks of the land of Israel as if it were an inheritance that God has given the people as a permanent possession. AT: "He chooses this land as an inheritance for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the glory of Jacob + +Here the word "glory" refers to a source of pride and represents the land that God has given to his people as an inheritance. AT: "the land in which Jacob takes pride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jacob whom he loved + +The word "Jacob" refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God has gone up with a shout + +The writer speaks of God's conquering the nations as if God were a king ascending his throne, which was located in the temple. AT: "God has gone up into the temple as people shouted" or "God has ascended to his throne as people shouted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh with the sound of a trumpet + +This phrase parallels the previous phrase. The verb may be supplied for clarity. AT: "Yahweh has gone up as people blew trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/047/006.md b/psa/047/006.md index ca4679a164..c581680936 100644 --- a/psa/047/006.md +++ b/psa/047/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises.** - The phrase "sing praises" is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. Or, you may translate it as "Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The phrase "sing praises" is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. AT: "Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/047/008.md b/psa/047/008.md index 715cde3dcc..a410d77266 100644 --- a/psa/047/008.md +++ b/psa/047/008.md @@ -1,26 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The princes of the peoples -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:abraham|Abraham, Abram]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] +"The rulers of all the nations" -## translationNotes +# gathered together to the people -* **his holy throne** - This throne is present and not invisible. -* **The princes of the peoples** - "The princes of all the nations" -* **to the people of the God of Abraham** - "with the people belonging to the God of Abraham" -* **shields of the earth belong to Yahweh** - The word "shields" refers to the protection of an army. AT: "armies of the earth are controlled by Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations 1) "gather in front of the people" or 2) "gathered together with the people" so that all may worship God as king. + +# the shields of the earth belong to God + +Possible meanings are that "shields" 1) refers to instruments of war. AT: "God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth" or 2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. AT: "the kings of the earth are subject to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/047/intro.md b/psa/047/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e20e6f628 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/047/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 047 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 47 is a psalm of praise to God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +God is powerful over all the nations in the world. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 47:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../046/intro.md) | [>>](../048/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/001.md b/psa/048/001.md index 6dda97d85a..ad6c477870 100644 --- a/psa/048/001.md +++ b/psa/048/001.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God's dwelling place. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God's dwelling place. -* **a psalm of the sons of Korah** - “this is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.” -* **in the city of our God** - AT: "in Jerusalem where the people worship God" -* **Beautiful in elevation, the joy ... is Mount Zion ... on the sides ... of the great King.** - AT: "Mount Zion looks so beautiful in elevation when she is looked at from her north side. The city of the great King is the joy of the whole earth." -* **Beautiful in elevation** - The word "elevation" refers to how high something is. AT: "beautiful and tall" -* **joy of the whole earth** - AT: "it is loved by all the people of the earth" -* **God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge** - AT: "The people of Jerusalem's palaces know that God protects them" +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a psalm of the sons of Korah + +"this is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" + +# greatly to be praised + +This can be stated in active from. AT: "people are to praise him greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the city of our God on his holy mountain + +This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion. + +# the city of our God + +Possible meanings are 1) "the city where our God lives" or 2) "the city that belongs to our God" + +# Beautiful in elevation + +"Beautiful and high." The word "elevation" refers to how high mount Zion is. + +# the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion + +Here the word "earth" refers to everyone living on the earth. The word "joy" may be translated as a verb. AT: "Mount Zion gives joy to everyone on earth" or "everyone on earth rejoices because of Mount Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# on the sides of the north + +Possible meanings are that this phrase 1) refers to the direction of the north or 2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning "the mountain of God." + +# God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge + +The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "God has made himself known as one who gives safety to the people in Mount Zion's palaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/004.md b/psa/048/004.md index afd99e4e1a..1efaa6774a 100644 --- a/psa/048/004.md +++ b/psa/048/004.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# see -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## translationNotes +# assembled themselves -* **assembled themselves** - AT: "assembled their armies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They saw it** - The word "it" refers to Jerusalem. -* **then they were amazed** - AT: "the city amazed them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **dismayed** - "greatly troubled" -* **Trembling** - "shaking with fear" -* **pain as when a woman is in labor** - The word "pain" describes the emotion of being in uncontrollable pain. Like "trembling" in the previous phrase, "pain" is in control of them. It is compared to labor pain because it is severe. AT: "pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Here the kings represent their armies. AT: "assembled their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they passed by together + +"together they passed by Jerusalem" + +# They saw it + +"They saw Jerusalem" + +# dismayed + +"greatly troubled" + +# Trembling took hold of them there + +The writer speaks of the kings' fear as if it were a person who caused the kings and their armies to tremble. AT: "There they trembled with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# pain as when a woman is in labor + +The writer speaks of the kings' fear as if it were the pain that a woman experiences in childbirth and speaks of that pain as if it were a person. The verb may be supplied from the previous clause. AT: "pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor" or "they became afraid, like a woman is afraid of experiencing labor pains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/007.md b/psa/048/007.md index 506f96aa15..5dbd3be7aa 100644 --- a/psa/048/007.md +++ b/psa/048/007.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish|Tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. AT: "They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind" or 2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God's great power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# the east wind -* **With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish** - This can be translated two different way: 1) As the author stops his description to address God and describe an example of his great power. (See: like you break [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) 2) As a simile. AT: "They shook like you shatter the ships of Tarshish with the east wind" -* **the ships of Tarshish** - This refers to large ocean ships. AT: "the strong ships of Tarshish" or "the strong ocean ships" -* **the east wind** - "a strong wind" -* **As we have heard** - This refers to the stories of Yahweh's power like the example used in the previous sentence. AT: "As we have heard about your great power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God** - Both of these phrases refer to the same city. AT: "in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **establish it** - This means to set something up and preserve it. AT: "make it last" +Possible meanings are 1) "a wind blowing from the east" or 2) "a strong wind." + +# the ships of Tarshish + +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or 2) any large ocean-going ship. + +# As we have heard + +It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. AT: "As we have heard about the great things that God has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so have we seen + +This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. AT: "so we have seen God do great things now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God + +Both of these phrases refer to Jerusalem. AT: "in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# establish it + +"make it secure." Here the word "establish means to preserve and make something secure. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/009.md b/psa/048/009.md index 59e9aee968..6dc849e017 100644 --- a/psa/048/009.md +++ b/psa/048/009.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# your covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "how faithful you are to your covenant" or "how faithful you are to us because of your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# in the middle of your temple -* **in the middle of your temple** - "while in the middle of your temple" -* **As your name is ... so is your praise to the ends of the earth** - These phrases are connected to say God is both praised and known in every place on earth. AT: "People know your name and praise you in every place on earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **to the ends of the earth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:046:008]]. -* **your right hand is full of righteousness** - Since God's right hand is full with righteousness, it cannot hold anything unrighteous. God's right hand refers to his actions. AT: "you only use your power to do righteous things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"as we are in your temple" + +# As your name is ... so is your praise to the ends of the earth + +Here the word "name" represents God's character and reputation. The two phrases compare the greatness of God's reputation with how greatly people praise him. AT: "Your name is very great ... and so people throughout the world praise you greatly" or "People all throughout the world have heard of you ... so people throughout the world praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the ends of the earth + +This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. See how you translated this in [Psalms 46:9](../046/008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your right hand is full of righteousness + +The writer speaks of righteousness as if it were an object that God could hold in his hand. Here the word "hand" refers to God's power and authority to rule. AT: "you rule with righteousness" or "you are righteous as you rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/011.md b/psa/048/011.md index 065dbd6674..821e728142 100644 --- a/psa/048/011.md +++ b/psa/048/011.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Let Mount Zion be glad -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The writer speaks of Mount Zion as if it were a person who could be glad. The phrase refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. AT: "Let those who live on Mount Zion be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# let the daughters of Judah rejoice -* **the daughters of Judah** - Smaller cities in Judah are referred to as daughters because they developed within the nation. The smaller cities refer to the people who live in those cities. AT: "the smaller cities of Judah" or "the people who live in the smaller cities in Judah" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The writer speaks of the towns in Judah as if they were Judah's children. The phrase refers to the people who live in those towns. AT: "let the people who live in the cities of Judah rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/012.md b/psa/048/012.md index 7c538aa4b1..b6222e3bd9 100644 --- a/psa/048/012.md +++ b/psa/048/012.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower|tower]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +These two phrases are parallel. AT: "Walk all the way around Mount Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# notice well -* **Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her** - These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **notice well** - "notice in detail" +"notice in detail" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/014.md b/psa/048/014.md index 16f3e36338..801e74ab3b 100644 --- a/psa/048/014.md +++ b/psa/048/014.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he will be our guide -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] +The word "guide" can be translated as a verb. AT: "he will guide us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# to death -* **forever and ever** - Both of these words have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **he will be our guide** - "he will lead us" -* **to death** - AT: "for the rest of our lives" or "until we die" +Possible meanings are 1) "until we die" or 2) "forever." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/intro.md b/psa/048/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94c3e24fe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/048/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Psalm 048 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jerusalem ##### +Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]]) + +It is helpful to know that "Mount Zion" is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 48:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../047/intro.md) | [>>](../049/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/001.md b/psa/049/001.md index 7928834dd9..2b8eddce9a 100644 --- a/psa/049/001.md +++ b/psa/049/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:korah|korah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* This psalm is a song that teaches people. -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of the sons of Korah** - “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.” -* **Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants ...** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to get people's attention. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Hear this, all you peoples** - The author begins to speak to everyone from every people group in the world. Even though the people cannot hear him he does this to express that his message is important. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **give ear** - The author asks for the people to listen by asking for the part of the body that listens. AT: "Listen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Both low and high** - A person's respect in their community is expressed by height. A person who is very respected in the community is high and a person who is not respected is considered low. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **low and high, rich and poor** - There two phrases include all people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# A psalm of the sons of Korah + +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" + +# Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants + +These two phrases are parallel. Together they strengthen the command for all people to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# give ear + +This idiomatic expression means to use one's ears to listen. AT: "listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# both low and high + +The writer speaks of people who are weak or insignificant in society as being low and of people who are important and powerful as being high. Together, the words "low" and "high" represent all people. AT: "both important people and unimportant people" or "people of every social class" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# rich and poor together + +Together the words "rich" and "poor" refer to all people, regardless of wealth. AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/003.md b/psa/049/003.md index b4b86964c2..6fa379cd4a 100644 --- a/psa/049/003.md +++ b/psa/049/003.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# My mouth will speak wisdom -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:meditate|meditate]] -* [[en:tw:parable]] -* [[en:tw:parable|parable]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Here the word "mouth" refers to the whole person who speaks. AT: "I will speak wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# the meditation of my heart will be of understanding -* **My mouth will speak wisdom** - The author is referred to by the part of the body that is used to speak. AT: "I will speak wise words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **and the meditation of my heart will be of understanding.** - "and in my deepest thoughts I will have understanding" -* **I will incline my ear to a parable** - The author describes a move of his ear to refer to his effort to hear. AT: "I will listen to a parable" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Why should I fear ...?** - This question is used to emphasize that the author has no reason to be afraid when bad things are done to him. AT: "I have no reason to fear ..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **iniquity surrounds me at my heels? ** - Here "iniquity" is described as surrounding the author like a group of dangerous wild animals. AT: "the iniquity of my enemies surrounds me" or "my enemies surround me and act wickedly towards me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the mind and thoughts. The abstract nouns "meditation" and "understanding" can be translated as verbs. AT: "the thoughts upon which I meditate will help you to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# incline my ear + +The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one's ear towards the person who is speaking. AT: "listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with the harp + +"as I play the harp" + +# Why should I fear ... heels? + +The writer asks this question to emphasize that he has no reason to fear when bad things happen. AT: "I have no reason to fear ... heels." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the days of evil + +"when evil things happen." Here the word "days" refers to general periods of time. + +# when iniquity surrounds me at my heels + +Possible meanings are 1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. AT: "when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me" or 2) the writer's enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. AT: "when my enemies surround me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/006.md b/psa/049/006.md index 6971d3a411..dd338f6d08 100644 --- a/psa/049/006.md +++ b/psa/049/006.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# those who trust in their wealth -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:ransom|ransom]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# about the amount of their riches -* **Those who trust in their wealth** - These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **about the amount of their riches** - a large amount of something -* ** It is certain that no one** - "There is no way that any of them can" or AT: "No one can" -* **redeem his brother or give God a ransom for him** - Both of these phrases express that a person cannot pay to save his brother from God. It is understood that he is trying to save his brother from death. AT: "pay money so their brother will not die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +a large amount of something + +# It is certain that no one + +"There is no way that any of them can" or AT: "No one can" + +# no one can redeem his brother or give God a ransom for him + +Both of these phrases express that a person cannot give God enough money to be able to avoid death. AT: "no one can pay money to God so that their brother will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the redemption of one's life is costly + +The word "redemption" can be translated with a verb. AT: "it costs too much to redeem a person's life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/009.md b/psa/049/009.md index 83d5a9c974..6070bb09d0 100644 --- a/psa/049/009.md +++ b/psa/049/009.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# so that his body should not decay -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This refers to the body decomposing in the grave. -## translationNotes +# he will see decay -* **decay** - to be slowly rot -* **he will see decay** - AT: "for he will die and his body will decay" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Wise men die; the fool and the brute alike perish** - The author refers to all people by referring to those who have the most and least wisdom. AT: "All men perish" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **brute** - a violent man +The writer speaks of experiencing something as if it were seeing that thing. AT: "he will die and his body will decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wise men die; the fool and the brute alike perish + +The author refers to all people by referring to those who have the most and least wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# brute + +This means a person who is stupid or unintelligent. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/011.md b/psa/049/011.md index a4021ee0e1..d91956026d 100644 --- a/psa/049/011.md +++ b/psa/049/011.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Their inner thought -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] +"Their belief" -## translationNotes +# the places where they live, to all generations -* **Their inner thought** - "Their belief" -* **and the places where they live, to all generations** - AT: "and the places where they live will be passed down as an inheritance to all their future generations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **they call their lands** - "they name their lands" +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "the places where they live will continue to all generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# they call their lands after their own names + +"they name their lands after themselves." This phrase expresses ownership. AT: "they own their own lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/012.md b/psa/049/012.md index 4da6a1c721..cae9cde0ea 100644 --- a/psa/049/012.md +++ b/psa/049/012.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But man, having wealth -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] +"But man, even if he has wealth" -## translationNotes +# This, their way, is their folly -* **But man, having wealth, does not remain alive** - AT: "But even is a man has wealth, it does not keep him alive" -* **This, their way, is their folly** - "This is the way of the foolish" -* **yet after them** - AT: "yet after they die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **approve of their sayings** - AT: "agree with their opinions" +The writer speaks of the fate of fools as if it is the destination at the end of the path on which they walk. AT: "This is the fate of those who practice folly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# yet after them + +"yet after they die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/014.md b/psa/049/014.md index 9bf7e2eb61..65e0ff00f0 100644 --- a/psa/049/014.md +++ b/psa/049/014.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hades|hades, sheol]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:receive|receive]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +The author continues to describe people who believe their wealth will save them. -## translationNotes +# Like sheep -* The author continues to describe people who believe their wealth will save them. -* **like a flock** - People are compared to a flock of sheep because they will follow their shepherd. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **death will be their shepherd** - This phrase refers to death and the person who leads sheep. This means the choices of the people will only result in their deaths. AT: "death will take them away as a shepherd leads away sheep to be slaughtered" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in the morning** - Night is associated with death so the morning refers to after they die. AT: "after they die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* ** sheol will consume their bodies** - The world of the dead, called sheol, is here spoken of as if it were a person or an animal. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **from the power of sheol** - AT: "and sheol will not have any power over me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]} +The writer compares people who will all die to a flock of sheep. Just as sheep cannot escape when the butcher decides to slaughter them, so men will not escape when it is their time to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they are appointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has appointed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# death will be their shepherd + +The writer speaks of men dying by personifying death as a shepherd who leads them into the grave. AT: "death will take them away as a shepherd leads away sheep to be slaughtered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the morning + +Here the word "morning" is a metaphor that refers to a time when God will vindicate righteous people and save them from evil people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their bodies will be consumed in Sheol + +The writer speaks of Sheol, the place of the dead, as if it were a person or animal. He speaks of the decay of dead bodies as if Sheol were eating them. AT: "their bodies will decompose in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God will redeem my life from the power of Sheol + +The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. From the context, it is implied that this power refers to consuming the bodies of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# God will redeem my life + +Here the word "life" refers to the whole person. AT: "God will redeem me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/016.md b/psa/049/016.md index e10953eb52..7d7b8ec9a5 100644 --- a/psa/049/016.md +++ b/psa/049/016.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the glory of his house increases -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] +The word "glory" here refers to wealth or riches. Possible meanings are 1) "when he gains more wealth in his house" or 2) "when his family becomes richer." -## translationNotes +# he will take nothing away -* **he will take nothing away** - "he will not keep anything" -* **his power will not descend with him** - The word "descend" refers to when a person dies. AT: "his power will not go with him when he dies" or "he will not keep his power when he dies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"he will take nothing with him to the grave" + +# his glory will not go down after him + +The phrase "go down" refers to when the man dies. AT: "his glory will not go along with him when he dies" or "he will not keep his reputation when he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/018.md b/psa/049/018.md index 15f918d54e..aa0fbb4b56 100644 --- a/psa/049/018.md +++ b/psa/049/018.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He blessed his soul -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beast|beast]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:understand|understand, understanding]] +Here the word "soul" refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. AT: "He congratulated himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# men praise you when you live for yourself -* ** He blessed his soul while he lived—** - The rich man is referred to by referring to his inner self. AT: "he did good things for himself" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **live for yourself** - AT: "live to benefit yourself" -* **and they will never see the light again** - "they" refers to all those who have died. AT: "and they will live no more" +Here the writer offers a general statement about how people speak of other people who are successful according to worldly standards. + +# live for yourself + +This phrase refers to living successfully according to worldly standards. AT: "do well for yourself" or "live successfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will go to the generation of his fathers + +"he will go to where his fathers' generation is." This is a euphemism that means that the rich man will die and join his ancestors in the grave. AT: "he will join his ancestors in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they will never see the light again + +The word "they" refers to the rich man and his ancestors. The word "light" may refer to the sun or be a metaphor for life. AT: "they will never see the sun again" or "they will never live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/intro.md b/psa/049/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..13d5ad19a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/049/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 049 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Riches ##### +Riches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 49:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../048/intro.md) | [>>](../050/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/001.md b/psa/050/001.md index 2986541f06..c3c7953f55 100644 --- a/psa/050/001.md +++ b/psa/050/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* This psalm is a song that teaches people. -* **A psalm of Asaph** - “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” -* **The Mighty One, God, Yahweh** - The author refers to God in three different ways to add emphasis to his importance. -* **from the rising of the sun to its setting** - This refers to the whole earth and everyone in it. AT: "from where to the sun rises to where it sets" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **the perfection of beauty** - AT: "the most beautiful city" -* **God has shone** - AT: "The glory of God shines like the sun" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This psalm is a song that teaches people. + +# A psalm of Asaph + +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." + +# The Mighty One, God, Yahweh + +The author uses three different names to speak of God. + +# called the earth + +Here the word "earth" refers to the people who live on the earth. AT: "called all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the rising of the sun to its setting + +This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. AT: "everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Zion, the perfection of beauty + +Possible meanings are 1) "Zion, whose beauty is perfect" or 2) "Zion, the most beautiful city." + +# God has shone + +The writer speaks of God as if he were a light that shines. This refers to God causing people to know about his glory. AT: "God's glory shines like a light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/003.md b/psa/050/003.md index 3a708d2bea..21d56e19e1 100644 --- a/psa/050/003.md +++ b/psa/050/003.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# does not stay silent -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +The writer uses this negative statement to emphasize the positive. AT: "speaks so that everyone can hear him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# a fire devours before him -* **does not stay silent** - AT: "he is loud" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Gather my faithful ones** - AT: "Let my faithful ones come" +The writer speaks of a fire burning things as if it were eating them. AT: "a fire burns in front of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is very stormy around him + +"there is a great storm around him" + +# He calls to the heavens above and to the earth + +Possible meanings are 1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or 2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/006.md b/psa/050/006.md index 351e7f4ae5..609a66f0f7 100644 --- a/psa/050/006.md +++ b/psa/050/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The heavens will declare -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] - -## translationNotes - -* **heavens will declare his righteousness** - Possible meanings: 1) The angels in heaven are referred to by the place they are from. (UDB) or 2) AT: "The heavens show that God is righteous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the writer uses the word "heavens" to refer to the angels who live there or 2) the writer speaks of "the heavens" as if they are a person who testifies about God's righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/007.md b/psa/050/007.md index f987b0b934..7815a1b800 100644 --- a/psa/050/007.md +++ b/psa/050/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will not reprove you for your sacrifices -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod ]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod |my people]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +"I will reprove you, but not for your sacrifices." God explains that their sacrifices are not the reason that he is reproving them. -## translationNotes +# reprove -* **reprove** - "correct" or "rebuke" -* **always before me** - "continually presented to me" +"rebuke" or "reprimand" + +# your burnt offerings are always before me + +This explains why God is not rebuking them for their sacrifices. The phrase "are always before me" refers to being in God's presence and means that his people are always sacrificing their burnt offerings to him. AT: "you are always sacrificing burnt offerings to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/009.md b/psa/050/009.md index efb6dfe0f8..9df533e8f1 100644 --- a/psa/050/009.md +++ b/psa/050/009.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# folds -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +"pens" or "fences" -## translationNotes +# the cattle on a thousand hills -* **folds** - "pens" or "fences" -* **the cattle on a thousand hills** - God uses a great number of hills where cattle live to refer to all the cattle in the world. AT: "the cattle of every hilltop" -* **thousand hills** - "1,000 hills" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **I know all the birds** - The Hebrew word translated "know" also implies legal ownership in this passage. AT: "I own all the birds" +The phrase "on a thousand hills" does not represent the total number of cattle that God owns. The number is an exaggeration that emphasizes that God owns all of the cattle in the world. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "all the cattle in the world are mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# thousand hills + +"1,000 hills" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# I know all the birds + +Here the word "know" implies ownership. AT: "I own all the birds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/012.md b/psa/050/012.md index 397e7f6232..acc26e0a94 100644 --- a/psa/050/012.md +++ b/psa/050/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If I were hungry -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This describes something that could not happen, since God does not get hungry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# Will I eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats? -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +God asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not do these things and so has no need for their sacrifices. AT: "I do not eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/014.md b/psa/050/014.md index 7fbbb89a4c..804a8283be 100644 --- a/psa/050/014.md +++ b/psa/050/014.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Offer to God -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Here God refers to himself. AT: "Offer to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# pay your vows to the Most High -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +The writer speaks of "vows" as if they are currency which a person pays to God. AT: "fulfill your vows to the Most High" or "do what you have promised the Most High to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the day of trouble + +Here the word "day" refers to any period of time. AT: "whenever you have troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/016.md b/psa/050/016.md index 8dccc90007..96bb9154d3 100644 --- a/psa/050/016.md +++ b/psa/050/016.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But to the wicked God says -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here God is still speaking and speaks of himself in the third person. AT: "But to the wicked I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# to the wicked -* **What have you to do with declaring my statutes ... and throw my words away?** - This question can be turned into a statement. AT: "It does not make sense that you declare my statutes and my covenant, since you hate my instructions and throw away my words." or "It is not right for you to declare my statutes ..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **have taken my covenant in your mouth** - AT: "talk about my covenant" or "claim my covenant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **throw my words away** - Here, rejecting what God says, is being compared to throwing away trash. AT: "reject what I say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "wicked" refers to wicked people in general. AT: "to wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# What have you to do with declaring my statutes ... and throw my words away? + +God uses this question to rebuke wicked people. This question can be turned into a statement. AT: "It does not make sense that you declare my statutes and my covenant, since you hate my instructions and throw away my words." or "It is not right for you to declare my statutes ... away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# have taken my covenant in your mouth + +God speaks of wicked people reciting the words of his covenant as if they are putting the covenant in their mouth. AT: "talk about my covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# throw my words away + +God speaks of the wicked people rejecting what he says as if they were throwing away trash. AT: "reject what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/018.md b/psa/050/018.md index c6459105f5..978a7209a7 100644 --- a/psa/050/018.md +++ b/psa/050/018.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# you agree with him -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +Possible meanings are 1) that they approve of the thief's actions. AT: "you approve or him" or 2) that they join the thief in their actions. AT: "you join him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# You give your mouth to evil -* **you agree with him** - AT: "you agree with him that it is good to steal" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **You give your mouth to evil...your tongue expresses deceit** - Both of these phrases refer to a person who allows himself to say evil things. AT: "With your mouth you say evil things, and with your tongue you express deceit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **speak against your brother...slander your own mother’s son** - Both of these phrases have the same meaning but use different words. It is repeated to emphasize the meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +God speaks of a person speaking evil things as if that person's mouth is a messenger whom the person sends to do evil things. AT: "You are always saying evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your tongue expresses deceit + +The word "tongue" represents the person who is speaking. AT: "you are always telling lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You sit and speak against your brother; you slander your own mother's son + +These two phrases have the same meaning but use different words. God accuses them of speaking falsely against members of their own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You sit and speak + +To "sit and speak" against someone implies that this person deliberately thinks of bad things to say about someone. AT: "You always think of ways to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/021.md b/psa/050/021.md index 16006afdf4..99bd4c47fb 100644 --- a/psa/050/021.md +++ b/psa/050/021.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# you thought that I was someone just like yourself +Since God had kept silent and not yet rebuked the wicked people for their actions, they thought that God approved of what they did. AT: "you thought that I was someone who acts just like you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# reprove -* **I was someone just like yourself** - AT: "I was someone just like yourself who accepts the sins of adulterers and thieves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **reprove** - See how you translated this word in [[en:bible:notes:psa:050:007]]. -* **bring up, right before your eyes** - AT: "accuse you and show you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will tear you in pieces** - This describes someone being killed in a very violent way. AT: "I will destroy you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"rebuke" or "reprimand" + +# bring up ... all the things you have done + +God speaks of listing all of the evil things that they have done. AT: "list ... all the things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# right before your eyes + +Here, to be "before your eyes" means that it is in a place where they can see. This means that they will not be able to deny the charges that God brings against them. AT: "right in front of you" or "so that you can not deny them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you who forget God + +God speaks of the wicked rejecting him as if they have forgotten him. He speaks of himself in the third person. AT: "you who reject me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will tear you to pieces + +God speaks of destroying the wicked as if he were a lion eating its prey. AT: "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/023.md b/psa/050/023.md index 8e86ee5185..822e8791d2 100644 --- a/psa/050/023.md +++ b/psa/050/023.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# plans his path in the right way -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] +God speaks of a the way a person lives as if it were a path that the person travels. AT: "lives his life the right way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will show God's salvation -* **plans his path in the right way** - AT: "plans to live his life the right way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "save." God refers to himself in the third person. AT: "I will save him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/intro.md b/psa/050/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..164d8e4a43 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/050/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 050 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 50 is a wisdom psalm. It tells what pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sacrifices ##### +God does not need animal sacrifices; he does not eat meat or drink blood. The world and everything in it belong to God. He wants people to be thankful and to depend on him. God rejects evil people who reject his covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 50:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../049/intro.md) | [>>](../051/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/001.md b/psa/051/001.md index fd4ad9d7a1..946cee6d25 100644 --- a/psa/051/001.md +++ b/psa/051/001.md @@ -1,38 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bathsheba]] -* [[en:tw:bathsheba|Bathsheba]] -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:nathan|Nathan]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* This psalm is a prayer for forgiveness. -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David;** - “This is a psalm that David wrote;” -* **had gone in to Bathsheba** - This refers to having sex. AT: "he had committed adultery with Bathsheba" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **because of your covenant faithfulness; for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions** - These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "because of your covenant love and many merciful actions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **wash me thoroughly from my iniquity and cleanse me from my sin** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **thoroughly** - "completely" +In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# when Nathan the prophet came to him + +It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. AT: "when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# after he had slept with Bathsheba + +"after David had slept with Bathsheba" + +# because of your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions + +"because you do so many merciful things" + +# blot out my transgressions + +Forgiving sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. AT: "forgive my sins like someone wiping something away" or "forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity ... cleanse me from my sin + +These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity + +Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. AT: "Wash away all my sin" or "Forgive all my sins so that I will be acceptable to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thoroughly + +"completely" + +# cleanse me from my sin + +Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. AT: "Make me clean from my sin" or "forgive me for my sin so that I will be clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/003.md b/psa/051/003.md index da3a7fd043..511992f783 100644 --- a/psa/051/003.md +++ b/psa/051/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# my sin is always before me -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] +Not being able to forget his sins is spoken of as if they were always in front of him where he can see them. AT: "I am always aware of my sins" or "I cannot forget my sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# what is evil in your sight -* **Against you, you only,** - AT: "Against only you God," -* **and done what is evil** - “and I have done what is evil” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The word "sight" here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of David's actions. AT: "what you judge to be evil" or "what you consider to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/005.md b/psa/051/005.md index f76dccfe29..d3cf2f887b 100644 --- a/psa/051/005.md +++ b/psa/051/005.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# See, I was born in iniquity ... See, you desire trustworthiness -* [[en:tw:conceive]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +The two uses of "See" here draw our attention to the contrast between these two situations. AT: "Truly I was born in iniquity ... But you desire trustworthiness" -## translationNotes +# See, I was born in iniquity ... as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin -* **See, ...** - "Indeed, ..." -* **See, I was born in iniquity; as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin.** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **See, you desire trustworthiness ... you will make me know wisdom** - AT: "You desire honesty in my heart and you teach me wisdom" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I was born in iniquity + +Being a sinner is spoken of as being in iniquity. AT: "I was already a sinner when I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin + +Being a sinner is spoken of as being in sin. AT: "even when my mother conceived me, I was a sinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you desire trustworthiness in my heart + +The heart represents either 1) the person's desires or 2) the whole person. AT: "You want me to desire trustworthiness" or "you want me to be trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/007.md b/psa/051/007.md index 5af95ebf0e..3ae6dd972f 100644 --- a/psa/051/007.md +++ b/psa/051/007.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Purify me ... I will be clean ... wash me ... I will be whiter than snow -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:purify|pure, purify, purification]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] +Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean or white. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Purify me with hyssop -* **Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow** - These phrases have similar meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Cleanse me from my sins, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **whiter than snow** - AT: "very, very white" -* **hyssop** - a plant used in ceremonial sprinkling -* **joy and gladness** - These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* ** the bones that you have broken may rejoice** - Here the author is referring to the pain in his inner being. AT: "for you have caused me great pain in my inner being. Let me rejoice again!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God as if God were a priest who would sprinkle water on him to make him acceptable to God. AT: "Make me acceptable by sprinkling water on me with hyssop" or "Forgive me for my sins so that I will be acceptable to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hyssop + +This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# whiter than snow + +Not having sin is spoken of as being white. AT: "very, very white" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# joy and gladness + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize his desire to hear joyful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# so that the bones that you have broken may rejoice + +Feeling terrible sadness is spoken of as if his bones were broken. AT: "for you have caused me terrible sadness in my inner being. Let me rejoice again!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hide your face from my sins + +Thinking about someone's sins is spoken of as seeing them. Forgiving or refusing to think about the sins is spoken of as choosing not to see them. AT: "Do not look at my sins" or "Do not remember my sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blot out all my iniquities + +Forgiving or refusing to think about someone's sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. AT: 1) "forgive my sins like someone wiping something away" or "forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/010.md b/psa/051/010.md index 0354b2f303..3a09e2b29e 100644 --- a/psa/051/010.md +++ b/psa/051/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Create in me a clean heart -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Here the "heart" represents the feelings and desires. Being completely devoted and obedient to God is spoken of as having a clean heart. AT: "Make me completely devoted to you" or "Make me want to obey you always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# renew a right spirit within me -* **renew a right spirit within me** - Here "spirit" refers to a person's will and inner being. AT: "Make my will right within me" +Here "spirit" represents the attitude and desires of a David. AT: "make my attitude right" or "make me always want to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not drive me away from your presence + +"Do not force me to go away from you." Being rejected by God is spoken of as being forced to go away from him. AT: "Do not reject me as one of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/012.md b/psa/051/012.md index dad69a8bae..d43cdd0322 100644 --- a/psa/051/012.md +++ b/psa/051/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# sustain me -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] +"hold me up" or "assist me" -## translationNotes +# your ways -* **and sustain me** - AT: "and hold me up" or "assist me" -* **Then will I teach transgressors ... and sinners will be converted to you** - AT: Then I will teach sinners your ways, and they will be converted to you" +"the way you want people to live" or "what you want people to do" + +# transgressors ... sinners + +These two words refer to the same people here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/014.md b/psa/051/014.md index 242f946c79..31b1540fb8 100644 --- a/psa/051/014.md +++ b/psa/051/014.md @@ -1,26 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# shedding blood -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] +This phrase refers to killing another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praise -* **shedding blood** - This phrase refers to killing another person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praise** - When David asks Yahweh to allow him to speak again, he refers to the part of his body he speaks with. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. In this way, being allowed to speak means being forgiven of sin. AT: “Lord, allow me to speak, and I will be able to praise you.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here the person is represented by his "mouth." Being able to talk is spoken of as the lips being open. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. AT: "Lord, make me able to speak, and I will praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you do not delight in sacrifice ... you have no pleasure in burnt offerings + +This means that God wants something more important than these things. AT: "A sacrifice is not enough to please you ... you want something more than burn offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/017.md b/psa/051/017.md index 680fdfa9a9..77bbf7b6de 100644 --- a/psa/051/017.md +++ b/psa/051/017.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The sacrifices of God -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +"The sacrifices that please God" -## translationNotes +# a broken spirit -* **a broken spirit** - This phrase describes and attitude of humility and repentence before God. The person acknowledges he is nothing apart from God. AT: "a person who is humble" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **you will not … your good pleasure ** - The words "you" and "your" refer to God. This is a prayer to God where David shows his understanding of what pleases God. -* **a broken and a contrite heart** - The heart refers to a person's emotions. This phrase refers to a person who feels regret but understands he cannot do anything to correct what he has done wrong. AT: "a person who regrets his sin and admits he needs help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **rebuild the walls of Jerusalem** - The walls of a city protect the city and help the people feel secure. This prayer asks for God's protection by asking him to rebuild the city's walls. AT: "protect Jerusalem and make the city great" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **our people will offer bulls on your altar** - A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God's instruction. +A broken spirit represents a humble attitude. AT: "humility" or "a person who becomes humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a broken and a contrite heart + +Being humble and sorry for one's sin is spoken of as having a broken and contrite heart. The heart represents the emotions and will. AT: "sorrow and humility" or "a person who is sorry for his sin and humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rebuild the walls of Jerusalem + +The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. Possible meanings are 1) "enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem" or 2) "protect Jerusalem and make it strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# our people will offer bulls on your altar + +A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God's instruction. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/intro.md b/psa/051/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6db32be24 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/051/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 051 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) + +##### Author of Psalm ##### +Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David's reign. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 51:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../050/intro.md) | [>>](../052/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/001.md b/psa/052/001.md index 18fb4cdbf4..db43ecd77f 100644 --- a/psa/052/001.md +++ b/psa/052/001.md @@ -1,24 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]]. -* **Doeg ... Ahimelech** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **mighty man** - This refers to Doeg the Edomite. -* **razor** - A sharp blade used for cutting off hair on the face. -* **Your tongue plans destruction like a sharp razor, working deceitfully** - Here the tongue is compared to a sharp razor which is capable of causing great harm. AT: "Your tongue harms people like a sharp razor does, when you plan destruction and deceive others." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Your tongue** - Here "your tongue" refers to the person the author is speaking to. AT: "You" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +In this psalm the word "you" refers to Doeg. When Saul wanted to kill David, Doeg told Saul where David was so that Saul could find him. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# Doeg ... Ahimelech + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Why are you proud of making trouble, you mighty man? + +This question shows how angry David was at the one who made trouble. AT: "You should not be so proud of making trouble, you mighty man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you mighty man + +David may have been using irony when he called Doeg this. AT: "you, who think you are so mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# The covenant faithfulness of God comes every day + +David speaks of God's covenant faithfulness as if it were something that could come. David was probably referring to God's promises to protect his people from wicked people. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective or an adverb. AT: "Every day, God is faithful to keep the promises of his covenant" or "Every day, God faithfully protects his people from wicked people like you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a sharp razor + +a sharp blade + +# Your tongue plans destruction like a sharp razor, working deceitfully + +Here the tongue is compared to a sharp razor which is capable of causing great harm. AT: "Your tongue harms people like a sharp razor does, when you plan destruction and deceive others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Your tongue + +Here "your tongue" refers to the person David is speaking to. AT: "You" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/003.md b/psa/052/003.md index ea0ce46bae..5c377ba0d1 100644 --- a/psa/052/003.md +++ b/psa/052/003.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] +David continues speaking to the "mighty man" of [Psalms 5:1](./001.md) -## translationNotes +# lying rather than speaking righteousness -* **You love evil…good, lying…righteousness.** - These sentences have similar meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and lying rather than speaking righteousness** - "and you love lying more than speaking righteousness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"you love lying more than speaking what is right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/004.md b/psa/052/004.md index a681e9bf23..a990e0cc8d 100644 --- a/psa/052/004.md +++ b/psa/052/004.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# words that devour others -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here words that harm others are spoken of as if they were animals that devour people. AT: "words that harm others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you deceitful tongue -* **that devour others** - Here "words" are being compared to an animal devouring people. AT: "that cause others great pain" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **take you up…pluck you…root you** - All three of these phrases are different ways of saying "to remove". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **you deceitful tongue** - This refers to the person the author is speaking to. AT: "you speaker of deceit" or "you who speaks deceitful words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This refers to the person the author is speaking to. AT: "you speaker of deceit" or "you liar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# take you up ... pluck you ... root you + +All three of these phrases are different ways of saying "remove you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# root you out of the land of the living + +Being alive on earth is spoken of as if people are plants with roots in the ground. God killing someone is spoken of as digging up the plant's roots and taking it out of the ground. AT: "he will take you out the land of the living" or "He will kill you so that you will no longer be on earth with living people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/006.md b/psa/052/006.md index aecc3d2290..b2192203ed 100644 --- a/psa/052/006.md +++ b/psa/052/006.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The righteous will also see it and fear -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +"The righteous will also see God remove him and they will fear" -## translationNotes +# See -* **The righteous will also see it and fear** - AT: "The righteous will also see God remove him and they will fear" -* **See, ...** - "Indeed, ..." -* **did not make God his strength** - "did not seek strength from God" -* **confirmed himself** - "strengthened himself" +"Indeed" + +# did not make God his refuge + +Here "refuge" represents a protector. AT: "did not make God his protector" or "did not ask God to protect him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/008.md b/psa/052/008.md index d43f22a280..bde562aac7 100644 --- a/psa/052/008.md +++ b/psa/052/008.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a green olive tree -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:olive|olive]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Green olive trees are strong and secure. They do not fall over. -## translationNotes +# I am like a green olive tree in God's house -* **I am like a green olive tree** - "I am strong like a green olive tree" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **in your name, for it is good** - AT: "in you, for you are good" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **your faithful ones.** - "your faithful people" +Being safe and secure is spoken of as being like a strong tree. AT: "I am strong in God's house, like a green olive tree" or "Because I worship in God's house, I am secure like a green olive tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# in God's house + +This refers to God's temple. + +# I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will wait for your name, because it is good + +God's name represents God himself. Waiting for God represents waiting for God to help him. AT: "I will wait for you, because you are good" or "I will wait for you to help me, because you are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/intro.md b/psa/052/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee3d07b809 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/052/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 052 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Evil people ##### +Although the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 52:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../051/intro.md) | [>>](../053/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/053/001.md b/psa/053/001.md index f10dcc0e70..bb25dcafac 100644 --- a/psa/053/001.md +++ b/psa/053/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to Mahalath** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]]. -* **the sons of mankind** - "the sons of man" or AT: "people" -* **seek after him** - AT: "follow God" -* **has gone back** - AT: "has gone back their own way" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **filthy** - AT: "are dirty with sin" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Mahalath + +This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# the children of mankind + +This refers to all people. + +# who seek after him + +Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as "seeking" God. Possible meanings are 1) wanting to know God. AT: "who want to know him" or 2) worshiping God. AT: "who worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They have all turned away + +Rejecting God and what is right is spoken of as turning away. AT: "They have all turned away from doing what is right" or "They have all rejected God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/053/004.md b/psa/053/004.md index a3128e64f7..de315ac9c3 100644 --- a/psa/053/004.md +++ b/psa/053/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Do those who commit iniquity have no understanding—those ... God? -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +This question is used to show the shock that the writer feels because the people are so sinful. It can be written as two statements. "Those who commit iniquity act as though they do not know anything. They devour my people as if they were eating bread, and they do not call on God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# those who devour my people as if they were eating bread -* **Do they not know anything, those who commit iniquity... ?** - This can be written as a statement. "They do not know anything, those who commit iniquity." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **those who eat up my people as they eat bread** - AT: "They harm my people greatly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **but they do not call on God** - "and they do not call on God" -* **God will scatter the bones of** - AT: "God will destroy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Destroying people is spoken of as devouring them. Doing it as if they were eating bread implies that they did it very easily or without feeling guilty about it. AT: "those who destroy my people as freely as if they were eating bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# God will scatter the bones of whoever will camp against you + +Scattering people's bones represents killing them and allowing their bones to remain wherever they have died and not be buried properly. "God will completely destroy whoever will camp against you, and their bones will lie scattered on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whoever will camp against you + +Camping against people represents attacking them. Enemy armies would travel and set up camps to live in temporarily near the people they wanted to attack. AT: "whoever will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/053/006.md b/psa/053/006.md index 3e24744835..c5e30fcbcd 100644 --- a/psa/053/006.md +++ b/psa/053/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The word "Oh" here introduces an exclamation that expresses a hope or prayer. AT: "I hope that the salvation of Israel will come" or "I pray that the salvation of will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# the salvation of Israel would come from Zion -* **When God brings back his people from the captivity** - "When God saves his captive people" -* **Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad!** - These two phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Jacob** - Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. +The salvation represents God, the savior, whose temple is in Zion. AT: "the savior of Israel would come from Zion" or "God would come from Zion and save Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When God brings back his people from the captivity + +"When God saves his captive people" + +# Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad! + +These two phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Jacob + +Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/053/intro.md b/psa/053/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..760df67a0f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/053/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 053 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### God's watching mankind ##### +God looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 53:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../052/intro.md) | [>>](../054/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/054/001.md b/psa/054/001.md index f658e0a5ee..45cb1c9df5 100644 --- a/psa/054/001.md +++ b/psa/054/001.md @@ -1,37 +1,59 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This psalm is a prayer for help. -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **on stringed instruments.** - “people should play stringed instruments with this song.” -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]] -* **Ziphites** - people from the city of Ziph in the Judean mountains, southeast of Hebron. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Does David not hide himself with us?** - AT: "David is hiding himself with us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **judge me in your might** - AT: "decide if I have done what is right or wrong" -* **give ear** - AT: "listen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **pitiless men** - "men who have no mercy" +This psalm is a prayer for help. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# on stringed instruments + +"people should play stringed instruments with this song" + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md) + +# Ziphites + +people from the city of Ziph in the Judean mountains, southeast of Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Does David not hide himself with us? + +This question is used to show that this is something important that Saul should know. AT: "David is hiding himself with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Save me, God, by your name + +Here God's name represents his character. It may represent specifically his power or his justice. AT: "Save me, God, by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# judge me in your might + +Judging David here represents showing people that David is not guilty. When God uses his might to save David, people will know that God has judged him as not guilty. AT: "In your might, show people that I am not guilty" or "Show people that I am not guilty by using your power to rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# give ear to the words + +Giving one's ear represents listening. AT: "listen to the words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the words of my mouth + +Here the speaker is represented by his mouth. AT: "my words" or "what I am saying to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# have risen up against me + +Rising up against someone represents preparing to attack him or actually attacking him. AT: "have prepared to attack me" or "are attacking me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pitiless men + +"men who have no mercy" + +# have sought after my life + +Seeking after someone's life represents trying to kill him. AT: "have tried to kill me" or "want to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have not set God before them + +Setting God before them represents paying attention to God. AT: "they do not pay attention to God" or "they ignore God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/054/004.md b/psa/054/004.md index 6390ee640e..b1537200a5 100644 --- a/psa/054/004.md +++ b/psa/054/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who upholds me -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Defending David and keeping him safe is spoken of as upholding or supporting him. AT: "who defends me" or "who keeps me safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# He will repay my enemies with evil -* **who upholds me** - AT: "who provides what I need" "he keeps me safe"(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **in your faithfulness, destroy them!** - Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. AT: "God, destroy them because you are faithful to me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) +Punishment is spoken as if it were payment. AT: "He will do the evil to my enemies that they have done to me" or "He will cause the evil that my enemies have done to me to be done to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in your faithfulness, destroy them + +Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. AT: "God, destroy them because you are faithful to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/054/006.md b/psa/054/006.md index f28af92c0b..9464fd81de 100644 --- a/psa/054/006.md +++ b/psa/054/006.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh's name represents him. AT: "I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# my eye has looked -* **I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh** - AT: "I will give thanks to you, Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies** - "I have looked in victory on my enemies" +The eye represents the person. AT: "I have looked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies + +Possible meanings are 1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. AT: "I have seen that my enemies have been defeated" or 2) defeating his enemies. AT: "I have defeated my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/054/intro.md b/psa/054/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7e57e8451c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/054/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 054 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 54 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rescue ##### +Evil people want to kill David; but God has rescued him in the past and he trusts God to rescue him again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 54:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../053/intro.md) | [>>](../055/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/001.md b/psa/055/001.md index d0c3cc1eae..ed3e03651a 100644 --- a/psa/055/001.md +++ b/psa/055/001.md @@ -1,32 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:persecute|persecute, persecution]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* This psalm is a prayer for help. -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **on stringed instruments.** - "people should play stringed instruments with this song." -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/psa/032/001]] -* **Give ear to my prayer** - AT: "Listen to my prayer." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# on stringed instruments + +"people should play stringed instruments with this song" + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md) + +# Give ear to my prayer + +Giving one's ear represents listening. AT: "Listen to my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not hide yourself from my plea + +Refusing to pay attention to his plea is spoken of as hiding himself from it. AT: "do not ignore my plea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of the voice of my enemies + +Here "voice" represents what they say. AT: "because of what my enemies say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they bring trouble on me + +Causing trouble is spoken of as bringing trouble. AT: "they cause me to have great troubles" or "they do wicked things to me and so I suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/004.md b/psa/055/004.md index f94d6a7439..94dc284e17 100644 --- a/psa/055/004.md +++ b/psa/055/004.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# My heart trembles within me -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:horror]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] -* [[en:tw:tremble]] +Here, "heart trembles" refers to his emotional pain and suffering. This suffering is because of fear. AT: "I am suffering because I am so afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the terrors of death have fallen on me -* **My heart is very pained in me** - Here, "heart" refers to his emotions. AT: "I am suffering because I am so afraid" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **has overwhelm** - "overcome" or "overpowered" +Becoming very afraid, or terrified, is spoken of as if terror is a thing that falls on a person. AT: "I am very much afraid that I will die" or "I am terrified that I will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Fearfulness and trembling have come on me + +Becoming fearful and trembling is spoken of as if fearfulness and trembling are things that come on a person. AT: "I have become very fearful and I tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# horror has overwhelmed me + +Feeling horror is spoken of as if horror were a thing that can cover people. AT: "I feel terrible horror" or "I am extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/006.md b/psa/055/006.md index 4085264b89..4bfbdbc879 100644 --- a/psa/055/006.md +++ b/psa/055/006.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh, if only I had wings like a dove! -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] +This exclamation expresses something the writer wishes for very much. AT: "I wish very much that I had wings like a dove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# Then would I fly away -* **Oh** - This is used for emphasis of the statement. -* **See,...** - "Indeed,..." +"If I did have wings, I would fly away" + +# See + +"Indeed" + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/008.md b/psa/055/008.md index d3228a5748..a119d8afd5 100644 --- a/psa/055/008.md +++ b/psa/055/008.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:strife]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|tongue]] +The writer finishes telling about what he had said. -## translationNotes +# tempest -* **tempest** - You can translate this as a type of strong storm. AT: "hurricane" or "cyclone" -* **Destroy them** - AT: "Destroy my enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **confuse their languages** - AT: "do not let them understand each other" +a strong storm + +# Devour them + +Destroying something is spoken of as eating all of it. Possible meanings are "Destroy my enemies' plans" or "Destroy my enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# confuse their language + +"Language" here represents what the people were saying to each other, and probably refers specifically to them talking about plans to do evil. Confusing it represents making the people unable to understand each other. AT: "confuse them when they speak to each other" or "confuse their plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/010.md b/psa/055/010.md index c5463efde1..5825c781c4 100644 --- a/psa/055/010.md +++ b/psa/055/010.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# they go about on its walls -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] +"violence and strife go about on her walls." (See: [Psalms 55:9](./008.md)) Violence and strife are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who cause violence and strife. AT: "people walk about on the city's walls, being violent and fighting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# on its walls -* **they go about on her walls** - AT: "my enemies go about on the city's walls" -* **mischief** - "crimes" -* **in the middle of it** - "in the middle of the city" -* **do not leave its streets** - AT: "are in its streets" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +"along the tops of the city walls." Cities had thick walls around them to protect them from enemies. People could walk along the tops of the walls to see if any enemies were coming to the city. + +# iniquity and mischief are in the middle of it + +Iniquity and mischief are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do iniquity and mischief. AT: "people do iniquity and cause mischief in the middle of the city" or "people do sinful things and cause trouble in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# mischief + +"trouble" + +# Wickedness is in the middle of it + +Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a person. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wicked things. AT: "People do wicked things in the middle of the city" or "people destroy things in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# oppression and deceit do not leave its streets + +Oppression and deceit are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who oppress and deceive others. AT: "People oppress and deceive others in the city streets, and they do not leave" or "People are always oppressing and deceiving others in the city streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# its streets + +This may refer to the marketplaces in the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/012.md b/psa/055/012.md index 47f1fa377f..50643d1654 100644 --- a/psa/055/012.md +++ b/psa/055/012.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I could have borne it -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:fellowship]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Tolerating or enduring a rebuke is spoken of as bearing or carrying it. AT: "I could have tolerated the rebuke" or "I would not be so sad about the rebuke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# raised himself up against me -* **could have borne it** - "could have endured the rebuke" -* **my companion and my close friend** - AT: "you are my companion and my close friend" -* **We** - The word "we" refers to David and his friend. -* **throng** - "crowd" +Being proud of oneself and insulting another is spoken of as raising oneself up against another. AT: "insulted me" or "despised me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But it was you + +The psalmist speaks as though the person who had rebuked and taunted him were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# my companion and my close friend + +This can be stated as a sentence. AT: "You were my companion and my close friend." + +# We + +The word "we" refers to the psalmist and his friend. + +# with the throng + +Possible meanings are 1) "together" or 2) "with the crowd." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/015.md b/psa/055/015.md index 13248c5df8..e91987f753 100644 --- a/psa/055/015.md +++ b/psa/055/015.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Let death come suddenly on them -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +Death is spoken of as if it were a person that could attack people. AT: "Let my enemies die suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# let them go down alive to Sheol -* **them** - "my enemies" or "David's enemies" -* **for wickedness is where they live, right among them** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: "for they live in wickedness, and wickedness is among them"(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Dying suddenly is spoken of as if people were to go to Sheol so fast that they do not even die first. AT: "let them suddenly go to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wickedness is where they live + +Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be in a certain place. The habitual wickedness of his enemies is spoken of as if wickedness were with them or near them. AT: "they always do wicked things where they live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# right among them + +This phrase intensifies the idea of wickedness being very near them. Here wickedness is spoken of as being not only in their homes, but right where they are. AT: "They always do wicked things wherever they are" or "wherever they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/016.md b/psa/055/016.md index 98f3794ab0..11e7e9c4f7 100644 --- a/psa/055/016.md +++ b/psa/055/016.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# As for me -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This phrase shows that the writer has stopped talking about one thing and is now about to talk about himself. AT: "But I" -## translationNotes +# moan -* **moan** - "cry out" -* **hear my voice** - AT: "hear me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **for those who fought against me were many** - AT: "for many people fought against me" +"cry out" + +# he will hear my voice + +Here "voice" represents either 1) the psalmist or 2) the psalmist's complaints and moans. AT: "he will hear me" or "he will hear my moaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my life + +Here "my life" represents the psalmist. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for those who fought against me were many + +"for many people fought against me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/019.md b/psa/055/019.md index ac1714a440..e0b656031d 100644 --- a/psa/055/019.md +++ b/psa/055/019.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# will hear them -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] +"will hear my enemies" or "will hear what my enemies say." Some versions say "will hear me." -## translationNotes +# humiliate them -* **from ancient times** - "from times long ago" -* **respond to them** - This can also be translated, "afflict them" or "humble them". +How God will humiliate them can be stated clearly. AT: "will defeat and humiliate them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/020.md b/psa/055/020.md index 1449881ffc..42bd7832ec 100644 --- a/psa/055/020.md +++ b/psa/055/020.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# has raised his hands against those -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:profane|profane]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +Raising the hand against people represents attacking them. This may be a metaphor for saying things that put people in danger or cause them trouble. AT: "has attacked those" or "has betrayed those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# His mouth -* **raised his hands against** - This means to go against someone or to oppose them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **His mouth words was smooth ... his words were softer ...** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **his mouth** - AT: "what my friend said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **was smooth as butter** - If "butter" is not something commonly known in your language as being smooth, then substitute something else that is very smooth to eat. -* **hostile** - "mean" or "hateful" -* **his words were softer than oil** - AT: "the words he said were as gentle to listen to as oil feels gentle on your skin" (See: [[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Someone's "mouth" represents what he says. AT: "What my friend said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His mouth was smooth as butter + +Speech that is pleasant or nice to hear is spoken of as if it were smooth and easy to swallow. AT: "What he said was pleasant like smooth butter" or "He said nice things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# hostile + +"mean" or "hateful" + +# his words + +"what he said" + +# his words were softer than oil + +People put oil on their skin to make it feel nice, and they put it on wounds to help them heal. Speech that is kind or helpful is spoken of as if it were soft or soothing. AT: "what he said was kind and soothing like oil" or "he said kind things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they were actually drawn swords + +Speech that causes people trouble is spoken of as if it were swords that wound people. AT: "what he said wounded people as drawn swords do" or "what he said caused people trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# drawn swords + +The word "drawn" here means that the swords were pulled out of their covers and ready to be used. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/022.md b/psa/055/022.md index 02e07c04b9..ebbec28818 100644 --- a/psa/055/022.md +++ b/psa/055/022.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Place your burdens -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:burden|burden]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Here the psalmist is speaking to other godly people. -## translationNotes +# Place your burdens on Yahweh -* **Place your burdens on Yahweh** - Here the author is speaking to the other godly people. -* **he will never allow** - The word "he" refers to God. -* The author turns his attention to speaking to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **a righteous person to totter** - This refers to a person who is about to be severely harmed by some sort of disaster. He is spoken of as if he is tottering or swaying and is about to fall down. AT: "a righteous person to sway and then fall down" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **will bring the wicked down into the pit of destruction** - This means that God will cause them to die and go where evil people go when they die. AT: will bring the wicked down into Sheol" -* **the wicked** - AT: "wicked people" -* **bloodthirsty** - someone who is eager to kill people -* **half as long as others** - AT: "half as long as other people live" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here troubles are spoken of as if they were burdens that people have to carry. Trusting God to help us when we have troubles is spoken of as putting our burdens on him so that he can carry them for us. AT: "Give Yahweh your problems" or "Trust God to help you with all your troubles like someone who trusts a stronger person to carry his load" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will sustain you + +Taking care of someone or helping someone when he has troubles is spoken of as supporting him. AT: "he will take care of you" or "he will help you" + +# he will never allow a righteous person to totter + +A person who is about to be severely harmed by some sort of disaster is spoken of as if he is tottering or swaying and is about to fall down. AT: "he will not let a righteous person sway and fall down" or "he will not let a righteous person to be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But you, God + +The author speaks to God now. + +# the pit of destruction + +This probably refers to the grave or hell. + +# will bring the wicked down into the pit of destruction + +This represents causing people to die. AT: "will cause the wicked to die" or "will cause wicked people to die and go to the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bloodthirsty and deceitful men + +"people who lie and who want to kill others" or "deceitful murderers" + +# even half as long as others + +"even half as long as other people live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/intro.md b/psa/055/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdbd3d45a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/055/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 055 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Betrayal ##### +The author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 55:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../054/intro.md) | [>>](../056/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/001.md b/psa/056/001.md index 937946c3f3..af4a7d9509 100644 --- a/psa/056/001.md +++ b/psa/056/001.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:gath]] -* [[en:tw:gath|Gath]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* This psalm is a prayer for help. -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **Jonath elem rehokim ** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **A michtam** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:016:001]]. -* **when the Philistines took him in Gath** - "when the Philistines captured him in Gath" -* **for someone wishes to swallow me up** - The phrase "to swallow up" means "to kill" as a animal would eat something and cause it's death. AT: "for my enemy wishes to kill me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" + +# set to Jonath elem rehokim + +This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing this psalm. AT: "Sing this psalm using the tune of 'Jonath elem rehokim'" or "Sing this using the Jonath elem rehokim style" + +# Jonath elem rehokim + +This may mean "Dove on Distant Oak Trees." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# A michtam + +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). + +# when the Philistines took him in Gath + +"when the Philistines captured him in Gath" + +# press their assault + +"come closer and closer in order to attack me" + +# My enemies trample me + +The enemies' fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. AT: "My enemies attack me severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/003.md b/psa/056/003.md index 9c073e6078..56a687a01f 100644 --- a/psa/056/003.md +++ b/psa/056/003.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +The word "you" refers to God. -## translationNotes +# what can mere man do to me? -* **you** - The words "you" refers to God. -* **what can mere man do to me?** - This question is not asked to receive an answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "mere man can do nothing to me!" This is more a statement than a question (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **mere man** - Someone who no greater than a human being. Some versions translate literally "flesh," which stands for human beings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "mere man can do nothing to me!" or "mere man cannot harm me badly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# mere man + +"just humans" or "people." This implies that people are not powerful, but God is powerful. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/005.md b/psa/056/005.md index 13c31c2efa..317501f71e 100644 --- a/psa/056/005.md +++ b/psa/056/005.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# All the day long -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] +"All the time" -## translationNotes +# they twist my words -* **all their thoughts are against me for evil** - "they always have evil thoughts against me" -* **they mark my steps** - "they watch every move I make" -* **just as they have waited for my life** - AT: "as they wait to kill me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +Repeating what someone says but changing it a little so that it means something different is spoken of as twisting their words. AT: "they say that I said things than I did not say" or "they claim that I said things, but they lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all their thoughts are against me for evil + +"they always have evil thoughts against me" or "they always think of evil things to do to me" + +# they mark my steps + +Watching what a person does in order to see how to cause him trouble is spoken of as watching his steps, just as someone who wants to capture a person watches where that person walks. AT: "they watch everything I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# just as they have waited for my life + +Waiting to kill someone is spoken of as waiting for his life. AT: "as they wait to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/007.md b/psa/056/007.md index d6fbe2d57e..0b79319c46 100644 --- a/psa/056/007.md +++ b/psa/056/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not let them escape doing iniquity -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people, poor (the poor)]] +What they might escape can be sued clearly. AT: "Do not let them escape your punishment for their iniquity" or "Do not let them escape when you punish them for the wicked things they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Bring down the peoples -* **escape doing iniquity** - "escape with the wicked things they have done" -* **Bring down** - "cast down" or "defeat" -* **You number my wanderings** - This means God knows how often the psalm writer has walked in sadness and with no place to go for comfort. -* **and put my tears into your bottle** - "and you keep all of my tears." This means that God knows how much the psalm writer has cried. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **are they not in your book?** - This question is not asked to receive an answer. AT: "my wanderings and tears are written in your book" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Defeating the enemies is spoken of as bringing them down. AT: "Defeat the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You number my wanderings + +God's concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God counted each time that the psalmist has walked in sadness and with no place to go for comfort. AT: "You care about all the times that I have been wandering alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# put my tears into your bottle + +God's concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God saved the psalmist's tears in a bottle. The tears represent crying. AT: "you know how much I have cried and you care about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are they not in your book? + +God's concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if he wrote the number of the psalmist's tears in his book. This question is used to remind God about how greatly he cares for the psalmist. AT: "you have written about them in your book!" or "you remember my cries!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/009.md b/psa/056/009.md index 3d715f2886..e89e9a0393 100644 --- a/psa/056/009.md +++ b/psa/056/009.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# will turn back -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"will retreat" or "will turn and run away" -## translationNotes +# God is for me -* **will turn back** - "will retreat" -* **what can mere man do to me?** - Some versions translate literally "flesh." AT: "mere man can do nothing to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This means that God favors him. In this context it implies that God fights against the psalmist's enemies in order to protect him. AT: "God is fighting for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What can anyone do to me? + +Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "People can do nothing to me!" or "People cannot harm me badly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/012.md b/psa/056/012.md index 941925f8c3..d20f13ec4e 100644 --- a/psa/056/012.md +++ b/psa/056/012.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The duty to fulfill my vows to you is on me -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill|fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Being obligated to do something is spoken of as if the duty to do something is on a person. AT: "I must fulfill my vows to you" or "I must do what I promised you I would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you have kept my feet from falling -* **The duty to fulfill my vows to you is on me, God** - "I must preform my vows to you God" -* **you have kept my feet from falling** - "you have kept me from falling" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the light of the living** - The "light" refers to God's presence. The phrase "of the living" may refer to 1) the light of God's presence shines on those who are alive, or 2) the light of God's presence gives life to people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The feet here represent the person. Falling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. AT: "you have kept me from falling" or "you have kept me from being killed by my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# so that I may walk before God + +Living and being seen by God is spoken of as walking before God. AT: "so that I may live in God's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the light of the living + +Here "the light of the living" probably represents God's enabling people to live. AT: "with the life that you give" or "because you enable me to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/intro.md b/psa/056/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7dc3263fe --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/056/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 056 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 56 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fear ##### +Although the psalmist's enemies are trying to harm him, he is not afraid because God is protecting him. + +##### Superscription ##### +The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 56:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../055/intro.md) | [>>](../057/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/001.md b/psa/057/001.md index cf7e12e5aa..a0e305ca3a 100644 --- a/psa/057/001.md +++ b/psa/057/001.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* This psalm is a prayer for help. -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to Al Tashheth** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **A michtam ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:016:001]]. -* **when he fled from Saul, in the cave.** - AT: "David sang this song after he hid in the cave, from Saul." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I stay under your wings for protection** - Here David compares how God protects him to how a mother bird protects her babies by huddling them under her wings. AT: "I stay under your protection" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Al Tashheth + +This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. AT: "sing this psalm using the tune of 'Al Tashheth'" or "sing this using the Al Tashheth style" + +# Al Tashheth + +This means "Do Not Destroy." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# A michtam + +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). + +# when he fled from Saul, in the cave + +The purpose of this phrase can be stated clearly along with some basic details about the situation. AT: "This is about when David hid in the cave from Saul" or "This is about when King Saul was chasing David, and David hid in a cave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I take refuge in you + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "I go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I stay under your wings for protection + +The psalmist speaks of God as if he were a mother bird that protects its babies by huddling them under its wings. AT: "I trust you to protect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until this destruction is over + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as "destructive." AT: "until this destructive storm is over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/002.md b/psa/057/002.md index 7e949aae7a..aa4a09ff8d 100644 --- a/psa/057/002.md +++ b/psa/057/002.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# who does all things for me -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh|Most High]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +This explains why he will cry out to God. It can be translated with "because." AT: "because he does all things for me" -## translationNotes +# those who crush me -* **to God, who does all things for me** - AT: "I will cry to God, who does all things for me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **swallow me up** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:056:001]]. +The enemies' fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. AT: "those who attack me severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God will send me his loving kindness and his faithfulness + +God's being kind and faithful is spoken of as if he were sending his kindness and faithful. The abstract nouns "kindness" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "kind" and "trustworthy." AT: "God will be kind to me and trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/004.md b/psa/057/004.md index 358af4c7da..230c66604c 100644 --- a/psa/057/004.md +++ b/psa/057/004.md @@ -1,28 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# My life is among lions -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:spear]] -* [[en:tw:spear|spear]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|tongue]] +The psalmist speaks of his enemies as if they were lions. AT: "I live among fierce enemies" or "Fierce enemies surround me like lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# those who are ready to devour me -* **My life is among lions** - Here "lions" refers to enemies who are as dangerous as lions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **those who are ready to devour me** - Some versions understand the Hebrew text as, "fiery beasts." This still compares his enemies to wild beasts. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **whose teeth are spears and arrows, and whose tongues are sharp swords** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **whose teeth are spears and arrows** - AT: "whose words cut people like spears," or "who hurt people by what they say" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **spears and arrows** - Since both of these terms are weapons, if only one is known in your culture it is acceptable to use it alone. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **whose tongues are sharp swords** - AT: "who injure people by what they say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Destroying is spoken of as devouring or eating something up. Some versions understand the Hebrew text to mean "fiery beasts." Both images speak of his enemies as if they were wild beasts. AT: "those who are ready to destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# people whose teeth are spears and arrows + +The enemies' spears and arrows are spoken of as if they were lions' teeth. The psalmist continues to speak of his enemies as if they were lions. AT: "people who kill others with spears and arrows as lions kill with their sharp teeth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spears and arrows + +Since both of these terms are weapons, if your culture knows only one, it is acceptable to use it alone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# whose tongues are sharp swords + +The tongue represents what someone says, and the enemies' cruel words are spoken of as if they were swords. AT: "whose cruel words are like sharp swords" or "who cause terrible trouble for me by what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Be exalted, God, above the heavens + +The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. AT: "God, show that you are exalted above the heavens" or "God, show that you are great in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let your glory be above all the earth + +The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. AT: "show your glory over all the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/006.md b/psa/057/006.md index 6fc2b90471..d1529872af 100644 --- a/psa/057/006.md +++ b/psa/057/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They spread out a net for my feet -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +His enemies' plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had spread out a net on the ground to trap him. AT: "It is as though my enemies have spread a net out to trap me" or "They planned to capture me like people who spread out a net to trap an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They dug a pit in front of me -* **They have prepared** - "my enemies have prepared" -* **a net for my feet** - "a net to catch me" or "a trap for me to fall into" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I was distressed** - "my soul is bowed down in distress" -* **have fallen into the middle of it.** - AT: "fell into the pit they dug for me." +His enemies' plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into. AT: "It is as though they dug a pit for me to fall into" or "They planned to capture me like people who dig a hole in the ground to trap an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They themselves have fallen into the middle of it + +The harm that came to his enemies when they tried to capture him is spoken of as if they fell into the trap that they had made for him. AT: "They themselves fell into the pit they had dug for me" or "But they themselves were hurt by what they planned to do to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/007.md b/psa/057/007.md index 0e92c8af4f..0ce382956a 100644 --- a/psa/057/007.md +++ b/psa/057/007.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My heart is fixed, God, my heart is fixed -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:lute|lute, lyre]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] +Being confident is spoken of as one's heart being firm rather than shaken or easily moved. The phrase is repeated to show that he has complete confidence in God and will not change. AT: "I am completely confident in you, God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I will sing praises -* **My heart is fixed, God, my heart is fixed** - These two clauses are similar and are used together for emphasis. It means he has complete confidence in God and nothing will change his mind. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will sing praises** - AT: "I will sing praises to you, God" -* **I will wake up the dawn** - AT: "the praises that I sing to you will wake up the dawn" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Who he will sing to can be stated clearly. AT: "I will sing praises to you, God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Wake up, my honored heart + +It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. Waking up may be a metaphor for starting or preparing to do something. The heart represents the psalmist or his emotions. AT: "Wake up, my honored heart, to sing praises to God" or "I will prepare my honored heart to sing praises to God" or "I am honored to wake up and sing praises to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# wake up, lute and harp + +It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. The psalmist speaks as though the lute and harp were people who could wake up to sing praises to God. AT: "Wake up, lute and harp, and sing praises to God" or "I will play the lute and harp while I sing praises to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will wake up the dawn + +The dawn is spoken of as if it were alive, and getting up before dawn happens is spoken of as waking it up. The purpose of getting up before dawn is to praise God. AT: "I will get up before dawn" or "I will get up before the sun rises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/009.md b/psa/057/009.md index e9ad1ab53e..ab9d808c9b 100644 --- a/psa/057/009.md +++ b/psa/057/009.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens ... your faithfulness to the clouds -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The greatness of God's unfailing love and the greatness of his faithfulness are spoken of as if they could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens -* **I will give thanks to you ... I will sing praises to you ...** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **For your covenant faithfulness is great to the heavens, -* These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Your covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness are as great as the distance from the earth to the heavens" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Be exalted, God, above the heavens** - AT: "God, may your creation exalt you as greater than the heavens" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **may your glory be exalted over all the earth** - AT: "may all the earth exalt your glory" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The greatness of God's unfailing love is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. AT: "Your unfailing love is as great as the distance from the earth to the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your faithfulness to the clouds + +The words "great is your" and "reaching" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "great is your faithfulness, reaching to the clouds" or "your faithfulness is as great as the distance from the earth to the clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Be exalted, God, above the heavens + +The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. AT: "God, show that you are exalted above the heavens" or "God, show that you are great in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may your glory be exalted over all the earth + +The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. AT: "show your glory over all the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/intro.md b/psa/057/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2332b890d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/057/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 057 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 57 is a psalm of deliverance. It praises God for the many times he has delivered David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fear ##### +Since God is protecting the psalmist, he has nothing to fear from his enemies. + +##### Superscription ##### +The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 57:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../056/intro.md) | [>>](../058/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/058/001.md b/psa/058/001.md index 8243f64850..e897dbe9f8 100644 --- a/psa/058/001.md +++ b/psa/058/001.md @@ -1,34 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:commit]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This psalm is a song about wicked people. -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to Al Tashheth ** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:057:001]]. -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **A michtam** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:016:001]]. -* **Do you rulers speak righteousness?** - The author is using this question to rebuke the people who are in political power. AT: "You rulers never make fair decisions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do you indeed** - The words “you” and “your” refer to the mighty men who are judges. The “you” here is plural. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **speak righteousness** - AT: "speak in a righteous way" -* **Do you judge uprightly, you people?** - The author is using this question to emphasize that the mighty men judge unjustly. AT: "you sons of men never judge people uprightly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you people** - Some versions read more literally, "you sons of men," but this expression in Hebrew means "people," "human beings." (See: (en:obe:kt:sonofman]]) -* **you commit wickedness** - AT: "you do wicked things" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you distribute violence throughout the land with your hands** - AT: "you yourselves do violent deeds everywhere in the land." +This psalm is a song about wicked people. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Al Tashheth + +This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md). + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# A michtam + +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). + +# Do you rulers speak righteousness? + +The author uses this question to rebuke the rulers because they do not speak righteously. AT: "You rulers do not say what is right!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you ... your + +The words "you" and "your" refer to the mighty men who are judges. The "you" here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Do you judge uprightly, you people? + +The author uses this question to rebuke the judges who do not judge uprightly. AT: "You people never judge people uprightly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# No + +The author answers the two questions he had just asked. + +# you commit wickedness in your heart + +The heart refers to the people's thoughts or plans. AT: "you commit wickedness in your thoughts" or "you think about doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you distribute violence throughout the land with your hands + +Doing violence in various places throughout the land is spoken of as distributing or spreading the violence throughout the land, as if violence were some kind of stuff or things. AT: "you yourselves do violent deeds everywhere in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/058/003.md b/psa/058/003.md index 39721b1f24..6a53f27e1f 100644 --- a/psa/058/003.md +++ b/psa/058/003.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# The wicked go astray even when they are in the womb ... they go astray from birth -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:serpent|serpent, snake]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:womb|womb]] +This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# they go astray -* **The wicked are estranged...they go astray** - This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **they go astray** - "the wicked go astray" -* **Their poison is like snake's poison** - The wicked's poisonous words are compared to snake's poison. AT: "Their words cause pain like a snake's poison" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like a deaf adder that stops up its ears** - The wicked are spoekn of as if they were snakes, which are deaf. AT: "They refuse to listen like a deaf adder that stops up its ears" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **adder** - A kind of poisonous snake. -* **stops up its ears** - AT: "cannot hear" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **how skillful they are** - "how skillful the snake charmers are at controlling snakes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Doing wrong things is spoken of as if people are walking on a road, and they turn off and go the wrong way. AT: "they do wrong things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their poison is like a snake's poison + +The wicked things people say are spoken of as if they were poison. AT: "Their wicked words cause trouble as a snake's poison harms people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they are like a deaf adder that stops up its ears + +Wicked people who do not listen to advice or rebukes are spoken of as if they were snakes that do not respond to a charmer's music. AT: "they refuse to listen like a deaf adder that stops up its ears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a deaf adder that stops up its ears + +An adder that does not respond to a charmer's music is spoken of as as if it could put something in its ears so that it will not hear. AT: "an adder that does not listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# adder + +a kind of poisonous snake + +# charmers + +people who play or sing music in order to control snakes + +# no matter how skillful they are + +What the snake charmers were skillful at can be stated clearly. AT: "no matter how skillful the charmers are at controlling snakes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/058/006.md b/psa/058/006.md index a8becd6bfb..463d384dc4 100644 --- a/psa/058/006.md +++ b/psa/058/006.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The author lists things that he would like God to do to wicked people. -## translationNotes +# Break their teeth ... break out the great teeth of the young lions -* **Break their teeth ... break out the great teeth ...** - These two phrase have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **their ... them ... they** - The words "their," "them," and "they" refer to "the wicked people." -* **the young lions** - AT: "the wicked who are like young lion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **let them be as though they had no points** - "let the arrows be as though they had no points" -* **snail** - "slug" -* **like the untimely-born child of a woman that never sees the sunlight.** - born child of a woman that never sees the sunlight.** - It is the child that never sees the sunlight. AT: "let them be like the baby who is born early who never sees the sunlight" +In both of these phrases, the wicked people are spoken of as if they were lions, and making them powerless to kill people is spoken of as breaking their teeth. AT: "Take away their power to kill. Make them powerless like young lions whose teeth have been broken and fallen out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let them melt away as water that runs off + +The wicked people are spoken of as if they were ice or water. No longer existing is spoken of as melting or draining away into the dry ground. AT: "Make them disappear like water that runs off" or "Make them vanish like ice that melts and drains into the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# let them be as though they had no points + +"let their arrows be as though they had no points" + +# Let them be like a snail that melts and passes away + +No longer existing is spoken of as melting and disappearing. AT: "Let the wicked vanish like a snail that melts and no longer exists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# snail + +"slug" + +# like the untimely-born child of a woman that never sees the sunlight + +Not existing is spoken of as being like a baby that is born dead. AT: "like a baby who is born too early too live and see the sunlight" or "like a baby that was born dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/058/009.md b/psa/058/009.md index 8f9bb6f268..b3f10e8714 100644 --- a/psa/058/009.md +++ b/psa/058/009.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Before your pots can feel the thorn's burning heat ... the green thorns and the burning thorns alike -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:reward|reward]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +The wicked are spoken of as if they were thornbush branches, and God's swift punishment of them is spoken of as if he were to quickly blow them away or sweep them away. AT: "God will destroy wicked people faster than a whirlwind can blow away thornbush branches that have been put under a cooking pot and lit with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# your -* **Before your pots can feel the thorns ... the green thorns and the burning thorns alike.** - This verse is difficult to translate because the original Biblical text is difficult to understand. AT: "He will quickly blow them away like thorns are blown away by a strong wind." -* **your** - David is speaking to God's people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **he will take them away** - "God will take them away" -* **The righteous will rejoice** - "The righteous person will rejoice" -* **he sees God’s vengeance** - The word "he" refers to "the righteous". -* **he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked** - AT: "the wicked will die and fall all around him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +David is speaking to God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# thorn + +"thornbush branches" + +# The righteous will rejoice when he sees + +The phrase "the righteous" refers to righteous people in general. AT: "Righteous people will rejoice when they see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked + +Getting one's feet wet by walking on blood is spoken of as washing the feet in blood. AT: "the righteous will make their feet wet in the blood of the wicked" or "the righteous will march on the blood of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked + +This exaggeration expresses that a great number of wicked people will die. AT: "so many wicked people will die that when the righteous march on their blood, it will seem as if they could wash their feet in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/058/intro.md b/psa/058/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8783dc39b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/058/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 058 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 58 is a deliverance psalm. It asks God for deliverance from the unjust rulers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Deliverance ##### +Although the leaders are very evil and unfair, God can deliver his people from their oppression. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 58:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../057/intro.md) | [>>](../059/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/001.md b/psa/059/001.md index b6a3d396cf..f639d14811 100644 --- a/psa/059/001.md +++ b/psa/059/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:saul]] -* [[en:tw:saul|Saul (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to Al Tashheth ** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:057:001]]. -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **A michtam** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:016:001]]. -* **when Saul sent, and they watched the house to kill him** - "from when Saul sent his soldiers to go and watch David's house for an opportunity to kill him" -* **set me on high** - AT: "put me in a safe place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **bloodthirsty men** - The word "bloodthirsty" contains "blood," which refers to murder and "thirsty," which refers to desire. AT: "the men who desire to kill" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Al Tashheth + +This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md). + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# A michtam + +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). + +# when Saul sent, and they watched the house to kill him + +"from when Saul sent his soldiers to go and watch David's house for an opportunity to kill him" + +# set me on high + +A high place represents a safe place where his enemies cannot reach him. AT: "put me in a safe place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rise up against me + +Rising up against someone represents attacking him. AT: "attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bloodthirsty men + +The word "bloodthirsty" contains "blood," which refers to murder and "thirsty," which refers to desire. AT: "people who desire to kill" or "people who like to kill people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/003.md b/psa/059/003.md index 3f1f52e4df..1bfd3f1366 100644 --- a/psa/059/003.md +++ b/psa/059/003.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# they wait in ambush to take my life -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:transgression|transgress, transgression]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +David's enemies are in hiding and are waiting quietly for the time when they can attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# awake -* **they wait in ambush to take my life.** - David's enemies are in hiding and are waiting quietly for the time when they can attack him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **because of my transgression or because of my sin** - Both of these phrases mean same thing and are repeated to emphasis that it is true. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **awake** - This word means the same thing as "rise up." It refers to deciding on a purpose and then beginning at act like a person who wakes and begins to do things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to run at me** - This compares the authors enemies to soldiers who run towards their enemy in battle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and see** - AT: "and see what is happening" +Deciding to do something and beginning to do it is spoken of as waking up. AT: "do something" or "take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# and see + +What he wants God to see can be stated clearly. AT: "and see what is happening to me" or "and see what they are doing to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/005.md b/psa/059/005.md index 6718ebed9b..2d62ba7401 100644 --- a/psa/059/005.md +++ b/psa/059/005.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# arise -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Deciding to do something and beginning to do it is spoken of as getting up. AT: "do something" or "take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# all the nations -* **arise** - This phrase means the same thing as "rise up". It means to get up and begin doing something. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "nations" here represents the people of the nations that do not honor God. AT: "the people of all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/006.md b/psa/059/006.md index 51dcf45a26..0bea426c02 100644 --- a/psa/059/006.md +++ b/psa/059/006.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# They return at evening -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +The word "they" refers to the wicked transgressors. -## translationNotes +# they howl like dogs -* **They return at evening** - The word "they" refers to the author's enemies. -* **howl** - loud repetitive crying of an animal -* **See...** - Here the word "see" is being used to draw attention to something. AT: "Hear..." -* **they belch out with their mouths ** - This phrase compares their speech to a belch to say it is loud and uncontrolled. AT: "the loud uncontrolled speech coming from their mouths" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **belch** - the loud release of air from the stomach through the mouth -* **swords are in their lips** - The words spoken by wicked people are insults but are referred to as swords to express that they are harmful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Who hears us?** - This question expresses the people believe they are not heard by God. AT: "Your God does not hear us and will not save you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The psalmist speaks of his enemies threatening to attack people as if they were dogs howling, growling, or barking at people. AT: "they threaten to attack people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# go around the city + +Why they go around the city can be stated clearly. AT: "go around the city to attack anyone they find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See + +Here the word "See" is being used to draw attention to something. AT: "Hear" + +# they belch out with their mouths + +Saying terrible things is spoken of as belching. These terrible things may have been insults or threats. AT: "they say terrible things" or "they shout out terrible words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# belch + +burp loudly; allow air from the stomach to come out of the mouth with a loud, rude noise + +# swords are in their lips + +The cruel things that the wicked people were saying are spoken of as if they were swords. AT: "they say cruel things that cause people trouble as much as swords destroy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who hears us? + +This question is used to show that they believed that God would not hear and punish them. AT: "No one can hear us!" or "Your God does not hear us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/008.md b/psa/059/008.md index 068ae2bcfd..06b3f665da 100644 --- a/psa/059/008.md +++ b/psa/059/008.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# laugh at them -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"laugh at them scornfully" or "mock them." God would laugh at them because they are worthless and powerless. -## translationNotes +# you hold all the nations in derision -* **laugh at them** - "laugh at my enemies" -* **you hold all the nations in derision** - "you ridicule all the nations" -* **derision** - "ridicule" or "mockery" -* **my strength** - AT: "you are my strength" -* **high tower** - "watchtower" +"you ridicule all the nations" or "you know that the people of the nations are fools" + +# derision + +"ridicule" or "mockery" + +# my strength + +God's being the psalmist's strength represents God protecting him. AT: "you are my strength" or "you are my protector" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you are my high tower + +A high tower is a place that people could go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. AT: "you protect me like a high tower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/010.md b/psa/059/010.md index 2d3a655af2..0df82bf045 100644 --- a/psa/059/010.md +++ b/psa/059/010.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# My God will meet me with his covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] +This phrase implies that God will come to him in order to save him. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "My God, who is faithful to his covenant, will come to save me" or "My God will come to save me because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# my desire on my enemies -* **scatter them** - "cause them to wander around" -* **make them fall** - AT: "bring them down" -* **our shield** - AT: "our protection" or "the one who protects us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "desire" can be expressed with the verb "want." AT: "what I want to happen to my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Scatter them + +"Cause them to wander around" + +# our shield + +God's protecting the righteous is spoken of as if God were a shield. AT: "our protector" or "the one who protects us like a shield" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/012.md b/psa/059/012.md index 888c02ad65..b7bed15435 100644 --- a/psa/059/012.md +++ b/psa/059/012.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For the sins of their mouths and the words of their lips -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The mouths and lips represent the things people say. AT: "Because they sin by what they say" or "Because of the sinful things they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# let them be captured in their pride -* **For the sins of their mouths and the words of their lips** - AT: "Because they sin by what they say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **let them be captured in their pride** - AT: "let people capture them because of their pride" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that they express** - "that they say" -* **Consume them in wrath, consume them so that they will be no more** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let people capture them because of their pride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that they express + +"that they say" + +# Consume them in wrath, consume them so that they will be no more + +Destroying them completely is spoken of either as burning them up or eating them. AT: "Be angry with them and destroy them completely so there will be no more of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in Jacob + +Jacob here refers to Israel. AT: "in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the ends of the earth + +"to even the most distance places on earth." This represents all places on earth. AT: "everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/014.md b/psa/059/014.md index 1e6ec64eec..e571c6cfa1 100644 --- a/psa/059/014.md +++ b/psa/059/014.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# howling like dogs +The psalmist speaks of his enemies threatening to attack people as if they were dogs howling, growling, or barking at people. AT: "threatening to attack us" or "threatening to attack us like wild dogs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# satisfied -* **howl** - loud repetitive crying of an animal -* **wander up and down for food** - AT: "wander up and down the streets searching for food" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **satisfied** - "content" or AT: "happy" +"content" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/016.md b/psa/059/016.md index 0d362476c9..356bef56c2 100644 --- a/psa/059/016.md +++ b/psa/059/016.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# you have been my high tower and a refuge -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +High towers and refuges are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. AT: "you have protected me like a high tower and a refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# in the day of my distress -* **and a refuge** - AT: "and you have been a refuge" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **distress** - great pain, unhappiness, trouble -* **for God is my high tower** - Here the author speaks about God instead of to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **the God of covenant faithfulness** - AT: "he is the God of covenant faithfulness" +"whenever I have had troubles" + +# To you, my strength, I will sing praises + +"To you, my strength" can be combined as one clause. AT: "You are my strength, so I will sing praises to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) + +# my strength + +God's being the psalmist's strength represents God protecting him. AT: "my protector" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for God is my high tower + +High towers are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. AT: "you have protected me like a high tower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the God of covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. This can be expressed in a separate sentence. AT: "He is the God who is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/intro.md b/psa/059/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc363e8a01 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/059/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 059 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 59 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Protection ##### +The author prays for God to defeat his enemies. God is his protector. Therefore, he will praise God. + +##### Superscription ##### +The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 59:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../058/intro.md) | [>>](../060/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/001.md b/psa/060/001.md index 3fb71c45fd..f07879e63f 100644 --- a/psa/060/001.md +++ b/psa/060/001.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:aram]] -* [[en:tw:aram|Aram, Aramean]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:edom|Edom, Edomite, Idumea, Seir, Teman]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:joab]] -* [[en:tw:joab|Joab]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to Shushan Eduth** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **A michtam** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:016:001]]. -* **Aram Naharaim ... Aram Zobah** - "Aram of the two rivers" ... "the Aramean nation of Zobah" These are places. (See: [[[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **twelve thousand Edomites** - "12,000" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **you have cast us off** - The Israelites express that they have been rejected by God like an unwanted piece of clothing that is taken off and thrown to the ground. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you have broken us down** - The Israelites express that they have been rejected by God like something unwanted that has been destroyed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Shushan Eduth + +This probably tells what tune or musical style to use when singing the psalm. AT: "sing this psalm using the tune of 'Shushan Eduth'" or "sing this using the Shushan Eduth style" + +# Shushan Eduth + +This means "Lily of the Promise." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# A michtam + +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). + +# Aram Naharaim ... Aram Zobah + +"Aram of the two rivers ... the Aramean nation of Zobah." These are places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Joab + +This refers to Joab and the army that he led. AT: "Joab and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# twelve thousand Edomites + +"12,000 Edomites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# you have cast us off + +God's rejecting people is spoken of as if he had thrown them away. AT: "you have rejected us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have broken through our defenses + +God's allowing Israel's enemies to break through their defenses is spoken of as God himself had done it. AT: "you have allowed our enemies to break through our defenses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/002.md b/psa/060/002.md index 0fb2c0b752..9a9054844b 100644 --- a/psa/060/002.md +++ b/psa/060/002.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +The psalmist continues speaking to God. -## translationNotes +# You have made the land tremble; you have torn it apart -* **tremble** - "shake" -* **breaches** - large cracks in earth and in walls +The psalmist speaks of the disaster in his country as if it were an earthquake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heal its fissures + +Making the people strong again is spoken of as repairing the fissures in the ground or walls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fissures + +large cracks in the ground or walls + +# You have made your people see difficult things + +Here "see" represents "experience" or "suffer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# drink the wine of staggering + +Being helpless is spoken of as staggering around, barely able to stand upright. The abstract noun "staggering" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the wine that makes us stagger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/004.md b/psa/060/004.md index 9d451d6175..0a58971570 100644 --- a/psa/060/004.md +++ b/psa/060/004.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# you have set up a banner -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +God's guiding his people in battle is spoken of as if God were a human king or commander who had set up a banner for the army. AT: "you are like a king who sets up a banner" or "you command us in battle like a king who raises up a banner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# banner -* **You have given a banner ... it may be displayed because of the truth.** - The most likely meaning of this sentence is what the UDB has chosen. -* **banner** - a small cloth placed at the top of a stick used by kings or military to identify who they are in battle or elsewhere +"battle flag." This is a flag that a king or commander would raise up on a pole to show that the army should gather. + +# to be displayed against those who carry the bow + +This can be stated with an active clause. However some versions have different interpretations of this phrase. AT: "to display against those who carry the bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be displayed against those who carry the bow + +The phrase "those who carry the bow" refers to the enemy soldiers in battle. AT: "to display when he takes his army into battle against your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with your right hand + +God's right hand represents his power. AT: "by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# answer me + +Answering here represents responding to his request. AT: "respond to my request" or "answer my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/006.md b/psa/060/006.md index 25edfb1454..15de5df6d6 100644 --- a/psa/060/006.md +++ b/psa/060/006.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Ephraim also is my helmet -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:gilead|Gilead]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:shechem|Shechem]] -* [[en:tw:succoth]] -* [[en:tw:succoth|Succoth]] +God speaks of the tribe of Ephraim as if it were his army. The helmet symbolizes equipment for war. AT: "Ephraim is like a helmet I have chosen" or "the tribe of Ephraim is my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# helmet -* **helmet** - a protective head covering +a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury + +# Judah is my scepter + +God chose men from the tribe of Judah to be the kings of his people, and he speaks of that tribe as if it were his scepter. AT: "the tribe of Judah is like my scepter" or "Judah is the tribe through whom I rule my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/008.md b/psa/060/008.md index 8301eb23e8..3d1a54422e 100644 --- a/psa/060/008.md +++ b/psa/060/008.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Moab is my washbasin -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab|Moab, Moabite, Moabitess]] -* [[en:tw:philistia]] +God speaks of Moab being unimportant as if Moab were a washbasin or a lowly servant. AT: "Moab is like a bowl that I use for washing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# over Edom I will throw my shoe -* **my washbasin** - "my bowl used for washing" -* **Who will bring me into the strong city…to Edom? ** - David is expressing his need for directions in how to lead the army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who will bring me into the strong city? Who will lead me to Edom?** - God is asking these two questions. Both questions have the same meaning. "The strong city" refers to Edom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +God was probably speaking of taking ownership of Edom as if he were symbolically throwing his shoe onto that land to show that he owns it. However some versions have other interpretations. AT: "I take ownership of the land of Edom" or "I throw my shoe onto the land of Edom to show that it is mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/010.md b/psa/060/010.md index 6465131676..9bb13dd47c 100644 --- a/psa/060/010.md +++ b/psa/060/010.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# But you, God, have you not rejected us? -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] +The psalmist uses this question to express his sadness that it seems that God has rejected them. AT: "But God, it seems like you have rejected us." or "God, you seem to have abandoned us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# You do not go into battle with our army -* **futile** - "worthless" -* **triumph** - "have victory" +The psalmist speaks of God helping their army as if God were to go and fight with them. AT: "you do not help our army when we go into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# futile + +"worthless" + +# triumph + +"have victory" + +# he will trample down our enemies + +The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. AT: "he will enable us to trample down our enemies" or "he will make us able to defeat our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/intro.md b/psa/060/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..70c0400fd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/060/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 060 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 60 is a psalm of war. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Protection ##### +God has preserved the land of Israel, and now he will give them victory over the countries of Moab and Edom. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 60:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../059/intro.md) | [>>](../061/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/061/001.md b/psa/061/001.md index bfd408af6c..e6c662921f 100644 --- a/psa/061/001.md +++ b/psa/061/001.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* This psalm is a song about God being faithful. -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **on a stringed instrument** - "people should play a stringed instrument with this song." -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **overwhelmed** - "overcome" -* **a strong tower from the enemy** - AT: "you have been like a strong tower safe from my enemy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This is a song about God's faithfulness. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# on a stringed instrument + +"people should play a stringed instrument with this song" + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Hear my cry, God; attend to my prayer + +These clauses have a similar meaning. AT: "God, listen to me and answer my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# overwhelmed + +"overcome" + +# lead me to the rock that is higher than I + +Here the writer speaks of God as if he were a high rock that he could climb for protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a strong tower from the enemy + +The implied words "that keeps me safe" can be added to the translation. AT: "you have been like a strong tower that keeps me safe from my enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a strong tower + +Here the writer speaks of God as if he were a "strong tower" that provides protection from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/061/004.md b/psa/061/004.md index d4cb95afa8..3fdb6c3799 100644 --- a/psa/061/004.md +++ b/psa/061/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# take refuge under the shelter of your wings -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Here there is a second metaphor that speaks of Yahweh's protection as if he was a hen protecting her baby chicks under her wings. AT: "go to you for protection as a chick is safe under the wings of its mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you have given me the inheritance -* **in the hiding place under your wings** - This compares God to a mother bird who protects its baby under its wing. Here he means he will hide inside of God's tabernacle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God's blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. AT: "you have given to me the blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who honor your name + +Here "your name" means God himself. AT: "who honor you" or "who have an awesome respect for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/061/006.md b/psa/061/006.md index adb0dba61d..06481f490f 100644 --- a/psa/061/006.md +++ b/psa/061/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You will prolong ... many generations -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# You will prolong the king's life -* **You will prolong the king’s life** - "You will extend the king's life" or "You will cause the king's life to last" -* **his years will be like many generations** - AT: "he will live for many generations" +"You will extend the king's life" or "You will cause the king's life to last a long time" + +# his years will be like many generations + +Here "years" refers to how long the king will live. AT: "he will live for many generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will remain before God forever + +Here "to remain before God" means to be in God's presence or to be with God. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "God will be with him forever" or "God will be with the king forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/061/008.md b/psa/061/008.md index 8eb545c5f0..31c209aabc 100644 --- a/psa/061/008.md +++ b/psa/061/008.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I will sing praise to your name forever -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +Here "name" stands for God himself. AT: "I will always sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# my vows -* There are no translation notes for this verse. +These refer to the promise to offer sacrifices to God every day. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/061/intro.md b/psa/061/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..933d875088 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/061/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 061 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 61 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Vow ##### +The author has vowed to praise God every day of his life because God has blessed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 61:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../060/intro.md) | [>>](../062/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/001.md b/psa/062/001.md index 88525cf12f..07cb61eae9 100644 --- a/psa/062/001.md +++ b/psa/062/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This psalm is a song about God being faithful. -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **Jeduthun** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:039:001]]. -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **from him comes my salvation** - "for my salvation comes from him" -* **I will not be greatly moved** - This can also be translated: "I will never be moved" or AT: "nothing can move me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This psalm is a song about God's faithfulness. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# Jeduthun + +One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 39:1](../039/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# my salvation comes from him + +"he is the one who rescues me" or "he is the one who saves me" + +# He alone is my rock and my salvation + +The writer speaks of God's ability to protect him as if God were a rock. AT: "He is the only one who can protect and rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is my high tower + +The writer speaks of God's ability to protect him as if God were a high tower. AT: "he keeps me away from the grasp of my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will not be greatly moved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing can ever move me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/003.md b/psa/062/003.md index e9fcb1d67b..6b7135b39f 100644 --- a/psa/062/003.md +++ b/psa/062/003.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# all of you -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] +"my enemies" or "all my enemies" -## translationNotes +# How long ... will you attack a man ... or a shaky fence? -* **all of you** - AT: "my enemies" or "all my enemies". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **How long will you attack a man … or a shaky fence?** - David uses a rhetorical question to express his frustration. No answer is expected. AT: "It seems like my enemies will never stop attacking me. I feel that I am as weak against you as a leaning wall or a broken-down fence." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **attack a man** - Here David refers to himself as "a man". AT: "attack me" -* **They consult with him only to** - "They intend" or "They plan to" -* **consult with him ... bring him ... bless me ... curse me** - In these verses David refers to himself as "him". AT: "consult with me ... bring me ... bless me ... curse me" +David uses a rhetorical question to express his frustration. No answer is expected. AT: "It seems like my enemies will never stop attacking me. I feel that I am as weak against you as a leaning wall or a broken-down fence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# attack a man + +"attack me" + +# They consult with him only to + +"They intend to" or "They plan to" + +# consult with him ... bring him ... bless him ... curse him + +In these verses, David is referring to himself by "him." + +# with their mouths + +This refers to their speech or their words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in their hearts + +This refers to their thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/005.md b/psa/062/005.md index 6a9318122b..810712bf32 100644 --- a/psa/062/005.md +++ b/psa/062/005.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for my hopes are set on him -* [[en:tw:hope]] +"for I place my hope in him" -## translationNotes +# He alone is my rock and my salvation; he is my high tower -* **for my hopes are set on him** - "for I set my hopes on him" -* **He alone is my rock and my salvation; he is my high tower** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:062:001]]. -* **I will not be moved** - This can also be translated: “I will never be moved” or AT: “nothing can move me” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock and a high tower. Both of these metaphors show how God provides protection from one's enemies. Here "salvation" means that God rescues the writer. See how you translated this in [Psalms 62:2](./001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will not be moved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing can move me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/007.md b/psa/062/007.md index 8d8f2568a5..0353215278 100644 --- a/psa/062/007.md +++ b/psa/062/007.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the rock of my strength and my refuge are in God -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that keeps one safe from his enemies. He also speaks of God as if he were a shelter that provides protection. AT: "God always gives me strength and protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# pour out your heart -* **the rock of my strength and my refuge are in God.** - AT: "God is my strength and my refuge" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **pour out your hearts** - This refers to giving your deep and inmost feelings to God. It is compared to pouring out a liquid. AT: "give your deepest concerns to God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **refuge for us** - The word "us" refers to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +This refers to telling God your inner feelings as if you were pouring out a liquid. AT: "give your deepest concerns to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# refuge for us + +The word "us" refers to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/009.md b/psa/062/009.md index be98fb041e..458a74b70b 100644 --- a/psa/062/009.md +++ b/psa/062/009.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# men of low standing ... men of high standing are a lie -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] +This refers to men of all levels of wealth and importance. The phrases "are vanity" and "are a lie" have the same meaning. One cannot confidently trust in anyone. AT: "you cannot place your trust in men, no matter how important they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# weighed together, they are lighter than nothing -* **men of low standing ... men of high standing ...** - This refers to men of all levels of wealth. The phrases "are vanity" and "are a lie" have the same meaning. AT: "men that are poor are vanity, and men that are rich are a lie" or "all men, both low and high, are a lie" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **... are vanity ... are a lie ...** - This means that you can not rely on them or put your trust in them. AT: "... are unreliable ... are untrustworthy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **oppression or robbery** - These two words have basically the same meaning. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **for they will ... on them** - The words "they" and "them" refer to "riches". +If you put all of these kinds of men together on a scale, they would have no weight. This means that they have no real value to you. + +# oppression or robbery + +These two words have basically the same meaning. You cannot trust in money that you get by taking it from other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# for they will bear no fruit + +The writer speaks of riches as if they were trees or vines that could bear fruit. AT: "for they will provide nothing good for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not fix your heart on them + +Here "fix your heart" is an idiom that means to desire something greatly. AT: "do not desire them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/011.md b/psa/062/011.md index 150e6f06d7..45efb2fa10 100644 --- a/psa/062/011.md +++ b/psa/062/011.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# God has spoken once, twice have I heard this -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] +This means that God has said this more than once. -## translationNotes +# power belongs to God -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +God being characterized by power is spoken of as if power belonged to him. The abstract noun "power" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "God is powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness + +God being characterized by covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness belonged to him. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "You, Lord, are also faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for you pay back every person for what he has done + +The writer speaks of God's rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/intro.md b/psa/062/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abd6377ff6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/062/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 062 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 62 is a psalm of deliverance. It expresses trust that God will save the psalmist from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +Although the psalmist's enemies have attacked him when he was feeling weak, he trusts in God to deliver him. God is powerful and kind. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 62:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../061/intro.md) | [>>](../063/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/001.md b/psa/063/001.md index bbe8346d55..670d81c138 100644 --- a/psa/063/001.md +++ b/psa/063/001.md @@ -1,29 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote” -* **earnestly** - "sincerely" -* **weary** - "tiresome" or "thirsty" -* **my soul thirsts for you, and my flesh longs for you** - These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# earnestly + +"sincerely" + +# my soul thirsts for you, and my flesh longs for you + +These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how greatly the writer desires to be with God. AT: "my whole being greatly desires to be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# dry and weary land + +"hot, dry desert" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/003.md b/psa/063/003.md index 0068fbd9f6..312e961d56 100644 --- a/psa/063/003.md +++ b/psa/063/003.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Because your covenant faithfulness is better than life, my lips -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb and the abstract noun "life" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I value you being faithful to your covenant more than I value living, so my lips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# my lips will praise you -* **my lips will praise you** - AT: "I will praise you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "my lips" represents the whole person. AT: "I will praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will lift up my hands in your name + +Here "in your name" means "to you." AT: "I will worship you and pray to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/005.md b/psa/063/005.md index d0764a9d13..f6fb7d4dd0 100644 --- a/psa/063/005.md +++ b/psa/063/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It will be as if I ate a meal of marrow and fatness -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:meditate|meditate]] +Here the writer speaks of knowing and worshiping God as being more satisfying than eating a good meal. AT: "I will be happier than a person who eats a meal of fat and choice food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# with joyful lips my mouth will praise you -* **It will be as if ate a meal of marrow and fatness** - AT: "I will be as happy as a person who eats a meal of fat and choice food" -* **with joyful lips my mouth will praise you** - "I will praise you joyfully" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "with joyful lips my mouth" represents the whole person who will praise God joyfully. AT: "I will praise you joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# when I think about you on my bed ... in the night hours + +These two clauses have the same meaning. The ideas are repeated to emphasize how much the writer thinks about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/007.md b/psa/063/007.md index 2697f8a577..f880ef78c7 100644 --- a/psa/063/007.md +++ b/psa/063/007.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in the shadow of your wings I rejoice -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:shadow|shadow]] +The writer speaks of God as if he were a bird protecting its young under his wings. AT: "I rejoice because you protect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I cling to you -* **in the shadow of your wings I rejoice** - This compares God to a mother bird that protects her baby bird under her wing. AT: "I rejoice because you protect me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I cling to you** - "I need you" or "I depend on you" -* **your right hand supports me** - Here, the right hand is used as a symbol of strength. AT: "you support me" or "you uphold me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"I need you" or "I depend on you" + +# your right hand supports me + +Here, the right hand is used as a symbol of strength and power. AT: "you support me" or "you lift me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/009.md b/psa/063/009.md index fa134f82d7..8de55ad542 100644 --- a/psa/063/009.md +++ b/psa/063/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# will go down into the lowest parts of the earth -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +This means they will die and go to the place of the dead. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "will die and descend into the place of the dead" or "will die and go down into the place of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they will be given over to those whose hands use the sword -* **They will be handed over to the power of the sword** - AT: "They will be killed in battle" or "God will cause them to die in battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and they will become food for the jackals** - AT: "jackals will eat their dead bodies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "the sword" represents death in battle, and "those whose hands use the sword" refers to enemies who kill them in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will cause them to die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will become food for the jackals + +Here "they" refers to the corpses of those who die in battle. AT: "jackals will eat their dead bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the jackals + +"jackals" are a kind of long-legged wild dog. They feed on carrion, game, and fruit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/011.md b/psa/063/011.md index 88e7429f39..11b0ad6173 100644 --- a/psa/063/011.md +++ b/psa/063/011.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the king -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +David is speaking about himself. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "I, the king of Israel," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# swears by him ... proud of him -* **the king** - David is speaking about himself. AT: "I, the king of Israel" UDB -* **swears by him ... proud of him** - The word "him" refers to "God". -* **but the mouth of those who speak lies will be stopped up** - AT: "but God will silence the mouths of liars" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the mouths of those who speak lies** - AT: "liars" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "him" refers to "God." + +# but the mouth of those who speak lies will be stopped up + +Here "the mouth" represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "but God will silence the liars" or "but God will silence those who lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/intro.md b/psa/063/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6180708a47 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/063/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 063 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 63:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../062/intro.md) | [>>](../064/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/001.md b/psa/064/001.md index 25d95483b0..51f6111a29 100644 --- a/psa/064/001.md +++ b/psa/064/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This psalm is a prayer for help. -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **preserve** - "save" -* **from the commotion** - AT: "hide me from the commotion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **commotion** - a confusion of noise and excitement +This psalm is a prayer for help. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# preserve + +"save" + +# Hide me from the secret plotting ... commotion of the doers of iniquity + +These two clauses have similar meanings. The second clause provides more detail by describing what the "secret plotting" sounds like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# from the commotion + +Here the implied words "hide me" can be added to the translation. AT: "hide me from the commotion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# commotion + +a confusing sound of noise and excitement \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/003.md b/psa/064/003.md index 27d1894d22..346e18acb0 100644 --- a/psa/064/003.md +++ b/psa/064/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They have sharpened their tongues like swords -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +The writer speaks of his enemies' tongues as if they were as sharp as swords. Here "tongues" represents the harsh words that the enemies speak. AT: "The harsh things that they say hurt me like a sharp sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# arrows, bitter words -* **They have sharpened** - AT: "my enemies" -* **arrows, bitter words** - Their "bitter words" are compared to arrows. AT: "arrows which are bitter words" or "bitter words which are like arrows" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of his enemies' bitter words as if they were arrows being shot at him. AT: "bitter words which pierce me like arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/005.md b/psa/064/005.md index b772840d5d..d4ae03d4e6 100644 --- a/psa/064/005.md +++ b/psa/064/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Who will see us? -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The evildoers do not expect an answer to their question because they think no one will see them. AT: "No one will see what we are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# The inner thoughts and hearts of man are deep -* **Who will see us?** - The evildoers do not expect an answer to their question because they think no one will see them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **“We have finished,” they say, “a careful plan."** - ""We have made a well thought out plan," they say." -* **deep** - difficult to understand (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of man's "inner thoughts" and "hearts of man" as if they were a deep body of water that no one can explore all the way to the bottom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# inner thoughts ... hearts of man + +Both of these phrases refer to man's private or inner thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/007.md b/psa/064/007.md index 1d867dd7f4..c7b07773b0 100644 --- a/psa/064/007.md +++ b/psa/064/007.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +The writer continues to speak of the "evildoers" of [Psalms 64:01](./001.md). -## translationNotes +# But God will shoot them ... with his arrows -* The writer continues to speak of the "evildoers" of [[en:bible:notes:psa:064:001]]. -* **They will be made to stumble** - AT: "God will make them stumble" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **since their own tongues are against them** - AT: "since their own words they say are against them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **what he has done** - "what God has done" +The writer speaks of God's punishment of the evildoers as if God were shooting arrows at them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will be made to stumble + +The writer speaks of God's causing the evildoers' plans to fail as if God were making them stumble in their paths. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make them stumble" or "God will cause their plans to fail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# since their own tongues are against them + +Here "tongues" represents the words that they say. AT: "since the words that they say are against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what he has done + +"what God has done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/010.md b/psa/064/010.md index 0a24d13ae0..d4c2278c30 100644 --- a/psa/064/010.md +++ b/psa/064/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# take refuge in him -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# all the upright in heart will take pride in him -* There are no translation notes for this verse. +Here "upright in heart" is an idiom that means godly or righteous. AT: "all the people who are godly will praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/intro.md b/psa/064/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89ae3714c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/064/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 064 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 64 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Plotting of enemies ##### +The author's enemies have plotted against him but God has saved him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 64:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../063/intro.md) | [>>](../065/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/001.md b/psa/065/001.md index 5f20a19c9f..579e8989d9 100644 --- a/psa/065/001.md +++ b/psa/065/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This psalm is a song of praise. -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm. A song of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **For you, God in Zion, our praise waits;** - This may be translated: "To you, God in Zion, is silence and praise". -* **our praise waits** - AT: "we wait to praise you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **our vows will be carried out** - AT: "we will bring our vows" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Iniquities prevail over us** - David speaks about iniquity as if it were a person that is able to defeat or oppress. AT: "It is like our iniquities prevail against us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **you will forgive them** - The word "them" refers to our "iniquities". +This psalm is a song of praise. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# A psalm. A song of David + +"This is a psalm that David wrote" + +# For you, God in Zion, our praise waits + +This speaks of praise as if it were a person who could act on its own. AT: "To you alone, God in Zion, we will offer our praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# our vows will be carried out to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will do what we have promised you that we would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Iniquities prevail against us + +David speaks about iniquity as if it were a person that is able to defeat or oppress. AT: "It is as if our own sins were defeating us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you will forgive them + +The word "them" refers to our "iniquities." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/004.md b/psa/065/004.md index de9c5d64ae..61576751e0 100644 --- a/psa/065/004.md +++ b/psa/065/004.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# whom you choose ... your courts -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +The words "you" and "your" in this verse refer to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# live in your courts -* **whom you choose ... your courts** - The words "you" and "your" in this verse refer to Yahweh. -* **live in your courts** - This doesn't mean that the man lives in the temple but that he is there very, very frequently. AT: "be very, very often in your courts" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **We will be satisfied with the goodness of your house, your holy temple** - AT: "The goodness of your house, your holy temple, will satisfy us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **We will be** - Here the word "we" refers to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **your house, your holy temple** - "your house, which is your holy temple" +This exaggeration expresses that the man is in the temple very frequently to worship Yahweh. AT: "worship often in your courts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# We will be satisfied with the goodness of your house, your holy temple + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The goodness of your house, your holy temple, will satisfy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We will be + +Here the word "we" refers to David and the people of Israel, but not to God, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# your house, your holy temple + +"your house, which is your holy temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/005.md b/psa/065/005.md index 50d3bc19bd..d8042ae129 100644 --- a/psa/065/005.md +++ b/psa/065/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In righteousness -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +"Because you are righteous" -## translationNotes +# you who are -* **In righteousness** - AT: "Because you are righteous" -* **you who are** - AT: "you are" -* **of all the ends of the earth ... across the sea** - AT: "of all the people who live throughout the earth and across the sea" +"you are" + +# of all the ends of the earth ... across the sea + +These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "of all the people who live throughout the earth and across the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# of all the ends of the earth + +This refers to the people who live all over the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/006.md b/psa/065/006.md index 463a1c6467..24970bcd9f 100644 --- a/psa/065/006.md +++ b/psa/065/006.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# you who are belted with strength -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +The writer speaks of God as if he wore his strength like a belt. AT: "showing that you are very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves -* **you who are belted with strength** - This phrase describes God. AT: "you who are clothed with strength" or "you who are very strong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves,** - These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "the roaring of the seas" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **roar** - a loud noise like the one made by a lion -* **and the commotion** - AT: "and quiet the commotion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **commotion** - a loud crowd +These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to create a vivid impression on the hearer or reader. AT: "the continuous roaring of the seas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# roaring + +a loud noise caused by the wind and waves + +# the commotion + +The implied word "quiet" can be added to the translation. AT: "quiet the commotion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# commotion + +loud noise \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/008.md b/psa/065/008.md index 531eb3bd9c..22c7a3c735 100644 --- a/psa/065/008.md +++ b/psa/065/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# evidence -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +proof or something that shows that another thing is true -## translationNotes +# you make the east and the west rejoice -* **the uttermost parts of the earth** - "the ends of the earth" -* **evidence** - proof or something that shows that another thing is true -* **help the earth** - This refers to the soil of the earth. AT: "the land" or "the soil" -* **you greatly enrich it** - AT: "you make the soil dark" -* **the river of God is full of water** - "Your river, God, is full of water." This phrase refers to the supply of water in the sky that God sends to water the earth and fill the steams. +The phrase "the east and the west" refers to the people who live all over the earth. AT: "you cause people everywhere to shout joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# help the earth + +This refers to the soil of the earth. + +# you greatly enrich it + +"you make the soil very good so that good things will grow in it" + +# the river of God is full of water + +This refers to the supply of water in the sky that God sends to water the earth and fill the streams. AT: "you fill the streams with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/010.md b/psa/065/010.md index 671058a244..242ab85963 100644 --- a/psa/065/010.md +++ b/psa/065/010.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# You ... your -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] +The words "You" and "your" refer to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# its furrows -* **You, your** - The word "you" and "your" refer to Yahweh. -* **its furrows** - "the earth's furrows" -* **furrow** - a long narrow trench made in the ground for planting seeds or for watering the field where grains have been planted -* **ridges** - edges -* **You crown the year with goodness** - Here the "year" is given the human quality of wearing a crown. AT: "You have honored the year with a good harvest" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **drop fatness down to the earth** - The word "fatness" suggests fertile or goodness. As used in this phrase, it points to how Yahweh makes the soil so good and fertile that it produces abundant harvest. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **It drops onto** - AT: "Your abundance fills" -* **hills are dressed with a belt of joy** - This phrase is a picture of hills that look beautiful. It is as though they are dressed and surrounded with joy. AT: "the hills are very joyful" or "the hills are very beautiful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the earth's furrows" + +# furrows + +A furrow is a long narrow trench made in the ground for planting seeds or for watering the field where grains have been planted. + +# ridges + +edges + +# You crown the year with your goodness + +Here the "year" is given the human quality of wearing a crown. AT: "You have honored the year with a good harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# drop fatness down to the earth + +The word "fatness" suggests fertility or goodness. As used in this phrase, it points to how Yahweh makes the soil so good and fertile that it produces abundant harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The pastures ... drip with dew + +There is so much dew in the pastures that they are said to drip with it. AT: "The pastures ... are full of dew" or "Much dew drips in the pastures of the wilderness" + +# the hills are clothed with joy + +The writer speaks of the beauty of the hills as if they were joyful people, and of joy as if it were clothing. AT: "the hills are like people wearing joy" or "the hills are like joyful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/013.md b/psa/065/013.md index 2d1e42d894..2018027af6 100644 --- a/psa/065/013.md +++ b/psa/065/013.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The pastures are clothed with flocks -* [[en:tw:clothed]] +The writer speaks of the pastures as being so covered with flocks that it is like the pastures are wearing a garment. -## translationNotes +# pastures -* **pastures** - a large field where animals feed on the grass -* **flocks** - group of animals, such as sheep and goats -* **they shout for joy, and they sing** - The pastures, hills and valleys are so bountiful, that they seem to shout and sing for joy. AT: "they are like joyful singing people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **they shout** - The word "they" refers to the pastures and valleys. +a large field where animals feed on the grass + +# flocks + +group of animals, such as sheep and goats + +# they shout for joy, and they sing + +The pastures, hills and valleys are so bountiful, that they seem to shout and sing for joy. AT: "they are like joyful singing people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they shout + +The word "they" refers to the pastures and valleys. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/intro.md b/psa/065/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d1b945b36 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/065/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 065 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 65 is a psalm of praise to God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +God answered prayers and gave the people justice and hope. God created nature and controls it, sending rain so the grain and pastures grow well. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 65:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../064/intro.md) | [>>](../066/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/001.md b/psa/066/001.md index 041a16dbcc..12bec0f4ea 100644 --- a/psa/066/001.md +++ b/psa/066/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This psalm is a song of praise. -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **make a joyful noise ... all the earth** - AT: "Everyone on earth, sing and shout joyfully to God." -* **Sing out the glory of his name; make his praise glorious** - These phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Sing about how wonderful God's name is; sing wonderful praise about how great God is" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This psalm is a song of praise. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# Make a joyful noise to God, all the earth + +A "joyful noise to God" represents singing and shouting praises to God. AT: "Let all the earth sing and shout joyfully to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the earth + +This refers to all the people who live on the earth. AT: "everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Sing out the glory of his name; make his praise glorious + +These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how wonderful God is. AT: "Sing about how wonderful God's name is; sing wonderful praise about how great God is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the glory of his name + +God's name here represents God himself. AT: "his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/003.md b/psa/066/003.md index aecc4ee4d7..b3e9e14cef 100644 --- a/psa/066/003.md +++ b/psa/066/003.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# How terrifying are your deeds -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:submit]] -* [[en:tw:submit|submit, in submission]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +The works of God cause us to be in awe and terrified because we know he is powerful and holy. -## translationNotes +# By the greatness of your power -* **How terrifying are your deeds** - The works of God cause us to be in awe and terrified because we know he is powerful and holy. -* **By the greatness of your power** - AT: "Because you have great power" +"Because you have great power" + +# All the earth will worship you + +This refers to all of the people who live on the earth. AT: "All the people on earth will worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will sing to your name + +Here "your name" refers to God himself. AT: "they will praise and honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/005.md b/psa/066/005.md index f4f3efa445..36128d301c 100644 --- a/psa/066/005.md +++ b/psa/066/005.md @@ -1,30 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# he ... his ... him -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here all these words refer to God. -## translationNotes +# fearsome -* **he ... him ... his** - These words refer to God. -* **fearsome** - "awesome" -* **the children of men** - AT: "humanity" -* **He turned the sea into dry land; they went through the river on foot;** - This refers to the crossing of the Red sea. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **they went** - The word "they" refer to God's people, the Israelites. -* **we rejoiced** - The word "we" refers to the Israelites, their ancestors, David, and the people he is speaking to. (See: en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive) -* **his eyes observe** - The phrase "his eyes" refers to God. AT: "he" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **let not the rebellious exalt themselves** - AT: "may the rebellious people not exalt themselves" -* +"awesome" + +# the sons of mankind + +"humanity" + +# He turned the sea into dry land; they went through the river on foot + +This refers to the crossing of the Red Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they went + +The word "they" refers to God's people, the Israelites. + +# we rejoiced + +The word "we" refers to the Israelites, their ancestors, David, and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# his eyes observe + +The phrase "his eyes" refers to God himself. AT: "he sees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# let not the rebellious exalt themselves + +"let not the rebellious people exalt themselves" or "let not the rebellious people be proud" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/008.md b/psa/066/008.md index 8eccd78088..7e96666ee6 100644 --- a/psa/066/008.md +++ b/psa/066/008.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Give blessing to God ... let the sound of his praise be heard -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated to emphasize the importance of praising God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# us ... our -* **our** - In these verses the word "our" includes David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **our feet** - AT: "us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +These words refer to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# he does not permit our feet to slip + +The writer speaks of God's protection as preventing his people from slipping as they walk or falling off a cliff. AT: "he has not allowed us to fall into disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/010.md b/psa/066/010.md index 25a6c11734..394652bcb3 100644 --- a/psa/066/010.md +++ b/psa/066/010.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# You brought us into a net -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:test|test]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +The writer speaks of God's punishment as if God had captured his people in a net. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a net -* **a net** - a trap for a bird or an animal -* **you laid a severe burden on our waists** - A heavy load is a test of endurance. AT: "it is like you've put heavy loads on our backs" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **You made people ride over our heads** - This is a picture of being horribly defeated in battle. AT: "It if as if our enemies defeated us in battle and drove their chariots over our fallen bodies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **went through fire and water** - God tested them with natural disasters like fires and floods. AT: "we suffered like people who suffer from fires and floods" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **spacious place** - AT: "safe place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +a trap for a bird or an animal + +# you laid a heavy burden on our backs + +The writer speaks of what the people have endured as having to carry heavy loads on their backs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You made people ride over our heads + +This is a picture of being horribly defeated in battle. AT: "It is as if our enemies defeated us in battle and then drove their chariots over our fallen bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# went through fire and water + +God tested them with natural disasters like fires and floods. AT: "we suffered like people who suffer from fires and floods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# spacious place + +The writer speaks of the blessings that the people of Israel now have as if they had been brought into a wide open space where they are safe. AT: "open place where we are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/013.md b/psa/066/013.md index f68733acd8..5983ca85c2 100644 --- a/psa/066/013.md +++ b/psa/066/013.md @@ -1,25 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# which my lips promised and my mouth spoke -* [[en:tw:burntoffering]] -* [[en:tw:burntoffering|burnt offering, offering by fire]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:goat|goat]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] +Here "lips" and "mouth" refer to the words of promise that were spoken. AT: "which I promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# aroma of rams -* **which my lips promised and my mouth spoke** - AT: "which I promised and spoke" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **aroma of rams** - AT: "smell of the smoke of sacrificed rams" +"smell of the smoke of sacrificed rams" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/016.md b/psa/066/016.md index 0bb3121a29..ba734ff7d2 100644 --- a/psa/066/016.md +++ b/psa/066/016.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will declare what he has done for my soul -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +The word "soul" represents the whole person. AT: "I will tell you what he has done for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# I cried to him with my mouth -* **he was praised with my tongue** - AT: "I praised him with my tongue" or "I praised him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **seen sin** - "loved iniquity" or "held iniquity" or "found wicked, sinful things" -* **will not hear** - AT: "will not hear me call out to him" or "he will not hear my prayer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The word "mouth" represents the whole person who cries out to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he was praised with my tongue + +Here "tongue" represents words or speech. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I praised him with my tongue" or "I praised him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seen sin + +"loved sin" or "held iniquity" + +# would not have listened to me + +Here "would not have listened" implies that God would not have answered his prayer. This can be made clear in the translation. AT: "would not have heard me call out to him" or "he would not have answered my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/019.md b/psa/066/019.md index 51aeb69e5a..f91fe24963 100644 --- a/psa/066/019.md +++ b/psa/066/019.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But God has truly heard; he has paid attention -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +These two clauses have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that God has heard his prayer. AT: "But God has truly heard my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the voice of my prayer -* **But God has truly heard; he has paid attention ...** - These two phrase have similar meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "But God has truly heard me and paid attention to the voice of my prayer." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* ** the voice of my prayer** - Here the author's prayer is given the quality of having a voice. AT: "my prayer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **or his covenant faithfulness from me** - AT: "or turned his covenant faithfulness away from me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +Here the author's prayer is given the personal quality of having a voice. AT: "my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# or his covenant faithfulness from me + +The implied words can be added to the translation. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "or turned his covenant faithfulness away from me" or "or stopped being faithful to his covenant with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/intro.md b/psa/066/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f741a3a809 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/066/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 066 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 66 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh saves ##### +Just as God brought Israel through the wilderness, he took the author through hard times but saved him. The author will worship God by sacrificing animals to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 66:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../065/intro.md) | [>>](../067/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/067/001.md b/psa/067/001.md index 24331ba196..a65526ab31 100644 --- a/psa/067/001.md +++ b/psa/067/001.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **on stringed instruments** - “people should play stringed instruments with this song.” -* **shine** - Besides reflecting light on an object, it can indicate a response of approval or pleasant actions. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **your ways may be known on earth** - AT: "people may know your ways on earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# on stringed instruments + +"people should play stringed instruments with this song" + +# cause his face to shine on us + +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your ways may be known on earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people may know your ways on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your salvation among all nations + +The writer desires for everyone to know that God has the power to save them. This can be made clear in the translation. AT: "and the people of all nations may know that you have the power to save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/067/003.md b/psa/067/003.md index dceab882f3..3ac73793f1 100644 --- a/psa/067/003.md +++ b/psa/067/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the peoples praise you ... let all the peoples praise you -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] +The second clause intensifies the meaning of the first to emphasize the importance of praising God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# let the nations ... govern the nations -* There are no notes for this chunk. +Here "nations" represents the people who live in all the nations on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with justice + +"fairly" or "justly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/067/005.md b/psa/067/005.md index f78638954b..1eb7e9340b 100644 --- a/psa/067/005.md +++ b/psa/067/005.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the peoples praise you ... let all the peoples praise you -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] +The second clause intensifies the meaning of the first to emphasize how important it is to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# The earth has yielded its harvest -* There are no notes for this chunk. +Here the writer speaks of "the earth" as if it has chosen to provide a harvest to the people. AT: "We have reaped a bountiful harvest from our crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/067/007.md b/psa/067/007.md index 4914e100a5..c98db6ad26 100644 --- a/psa/067/007.md +++ b/psa/067/007.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# all the ends of the earth honor him -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] - -## translationNotes - -* **all the ends of the earth honor him** - AT: "all people everywhere on the earth" UDB (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This means that people everywhere should honor God because of his blessings. AT: "I desire that all people everywhere on the earth may have an awesome respect for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/067/intro.md b/psa/067/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..188837600a --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/067/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 067 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 67 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +People all over the world should be praising God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 67:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../066/intro.md) | [>>](../068/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/001.md b/psa/068/001.md index 1cd25ec71c..9f9a129f06 100644 --- a/psa/068/001.md +++ b/psa/068/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **A psalm of David, a song** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **let his enemies be scattered** - AT: "Let God cause his enemies to go in different directions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **As smoke is driven away** - AT: "As wind drives away smoke" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Let God arise + +God beginning to act is spoke of as if he stands up. AT: "Let God begin to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let his enemies be scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let God chase away his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# As smoke is driven away, so drive them away + +God's enemies are spoken of as if they are smoke that is easily blown away by the wind. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Drive them away as the wind blows away smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as wax melts before the fire + +God's enemies are spoken of as if they are wax that is easily melted by a fire. AT: "cause them to disappear as wax melts before a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to the wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to the righteous people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# rejoice and be happy + +These means the same thing and emphasizes the amount of joy they feel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/004.md b/psa/068/004.md index 518cadfe77..e5533a4264 100644 --- a/psa/068/004.md +++ b/psa/068/004.md @@ -1,30 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# to his name -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition|judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This refers to God. AT: "to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the one who rides through the plains -* **make a highway…valley** - AT: "Be glad in His power to move among us". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a father of the fatherless** - AT: "God acts like a father to children who have no parents". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a judge of the widows** - AT: "God protects widows." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the lonely into families** - AT: "Even when we have no earthly family, God treats us as family members." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he brings out the prisoners with singing** - AT: "God frees prisoners to be successful." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **rebellious live in a parched land** - Those who rebel against God are alone, without family, and unprotected. They are prisoners of their sins, and have no resources to get out of their condition. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +God's presence among people is spoken of as if he rides on the earth in a horse or chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# A father of the fatherless + +God is spoken of as a compassionate God who acts like a father to orphans. AT: "One who acts like a father to children who have no parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a judge of the widows + +God is spoken of as a merciful God who protects widows. AT: "a protector of widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God puts the lonely into families + +God is spoken of as if he places lonely people into families. "God provides families for those who have no one to live with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he brings out the prisoners with singing + +God is spoken of as the one who leads prisoners out of their confinement. AT: "God frees prisoners and makes them sing with happiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rebellious + +This nominal adjective refers to rebellious people and can be translated with either an adjective or a noun. AT: "rebellious people" or "people who rebel against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# a parched land + +God's punishment of the rebellious is spoken of as if he forces them to live in a hot desert land. AT: "a very hot and dry land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/007.md b/psa/068/007.md index a52647d111..a85114278e 100644 --- a/psa/068/007.md +++ b/psa/068/007.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:sinai]] -* [[en:tw:sinai|Sinai, Mount Sinai]] +David begins to tell the story of God leading the Israelites through the desert to Mt. Sinai. -## translationNotes +# when you went out ... when you marched through -* David begins to tell the story of God leading the Children of Israel through the desert to Mt. Sinai. -* **you went out before your people** - AT: " you led your people." -* **the heavens also dropped rain … God's presence** - AT: "God caused it to rain." -* **in the presence of God….the God of Israel** - AT: "When God blessed and revealed himself to his people, the descendants of Israel, when they arrived at Mt. Sinai. +These two phrases refer to the same event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you went out before your people + +"you led your people" + +# when you marched through the wilderness + +God is spoken of as if he was a soldier marching ahead of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the heavens also dropped rain ... God's presence + +"God caused it to rain" + +# in the presence of God + +This idiom here refers to God's appearance before the Israelites. AT: "when God appeared to the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/009.md b/psa/068/009.md index 9d83261462..6ad293a59f 100644 --- a/psa/068/009.md +++ b/psa/068/009.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you strengthened your inheritance when it was weary -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] +The land of Israel is spoken of as if it was a person who could be weary, or could gain strength. AT: "you caused the land to produce good crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# your inheritance -* **you strengthened your inheritance** - "you enabled good crops to grow again on that land that you gave to us Israelites." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The land that God gave to the Israelites is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that a father passed on to his children. AT: "the land that you gave to us Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the poor + +This refers to poor people in general. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/011.md b/psa/068/011.md index 67b8d0e9e8..78bdec3331 100644 --- a/psa/068/011.md +++ b/psa/068/011.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people, poor (the poor)]] +David continues the story of the journey of the Israelites through the desert. In this part of the story, the Israelites are victorious in war over their enemies. -## translationNotes +# those who announced them ... army -* David continues the story of the journey of the Israelites through the desert. In this part of the story, the Israelites are victorious in war over their enemies. -* **those who announced them...army** - Many people heard and obeyed the Lord's commands. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Kings of armies flee, they flee** - The enemies of God's people were defeated. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **plunder** - things that are taken from the defeated army and brought to the victorious army's home. -* **doves covered with silver...gold** - This means that some of the plunder is very valuable because it is covered with precious metals. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* ** When some of you people stayed among the sheepfolds, why did you do this?** - AT: "Those who stayed among the sheepfolds should not have stayed; they should have gone to the battle." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The large number of people told the Lord's message to others. They are spoken of as if there were a large army. Since this phrase is feminine, some versions translate it as, "the women who announced them ... army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Kings of armies ... why did you do this? + +The information in [Psalms 68:12-13](./011.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# Kings of armies flee, they flee + +The kings represent themselves and their entire armies. It is understood that they flee because they are defeated by Israel's army. AT: "Kings and their armies flee from us because they are defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# plunder + +things that are taken from the defeated army and brought to the victorious army's home. + +# doves covered with silver ... gold + +This means that some of the plunder is very valuable because it is covered with precious metals. + +# When some of you people stayed among the sheepfolds, why did you do this? + +This question is used to rebuke the people who did not participate in the battle. AT: "Those who stayed among the sheepfolds should not have stayed; they should have gone to the battle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/014.md b/psa/068/014.md index 9cca60b5c3..5361bf0e92 100644 --- a/psa/068/014.md +++ b/psa/068/014.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# scattered kings there ... snowed on Mount Zalmon -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:almighty|Almighty]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:envy|envy, covet]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] +There were so many dead kings and soldiers on the mountain that they are spoken of as if they were snow covering the mountain. AT: "defeated so many enemy kings and soldiers there that they were like snowflakes covering Mount Zalmon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# scattered kings -* **scattered kings there..snowed on Mount Zalmon** - "There were so many defeated enemy kings and soldiers there that it was like snowflakes covering Mount Zalmon." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Mount Zalmon** - This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **A mighty mountain is the ... a high mountain is the ...** - These two phrase have similar meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "a mighty and high mountain is the hill country of Bashan" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Why do you look in envy, ... for the place he will live?** - This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The high hill country of Bashan should not look in envy at the mountain which God desires for the place he will live." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "kings" refers to their armies as well. AT: "scattered the enemy kings and their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Mount Zalmon + +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# A mighty mountain is the ... a high mountain is the + +These two phrase have similar meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "a mighty and high mountain is the hill country of Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Why do you look in envy ... for the place he will live? + +This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The high hill country of Bashan should not look in envy at the mountain which God desires for the place he will live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/017.md b/psa/068/017.md index bd52b51f2b..8216ed07ad 100644 --- a/psa/068/017.md +++ b/psa/068/017.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty thousand, thousands upon thousands -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gift|gift]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] +This is probably not meant to be an exact number, but to indicate a large number. AT: "many thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# ascended -* **twenty thousands** - 20,000 (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **ascend** - to move up, to go toward the sky +To "ascend" is to to move up, to go toward the sky. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/019.md b/psa/068/019.md index 7e88e4c107..2e6e9a9356 100644 --- a/psa/068/019.md +++ b/psa/068/019.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# daily bears our burdens -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +"carries our heavy loads every day." The Lord's care for his people is spoken of as if he was physically carrying their troubles as a burden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the God who is our salvation ... Our God is a God who saves -* **will strike through the heads of his enemies** - This means that God will kill them. AT: 'will strike the head of his enemies, killing them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **through the hairy scalps** - It seems to have been the custom for soldiers not to cut their hair during the time of war. AT: "he will strike the hairy scalps of those people who" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **of those who walk in offenses against him** - AT: "of those who habitually offend him" +These phrases mean the same thing. Here "is our salvation" can be translated with the verb "save." AT: "the God who saves us ... Our God is a God who saves us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will strike through the heads of his enemies + +God is spoken of as a warrior who will kill his enemies by striking them in their heads in order to kill them. AT: "will kill his enemies by striking them in the head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the hairy scalps + +It seems to have been the custom for soldiers not to cut their hair during the time of war. AT: "the long-haired skulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# walk in offenses against him + +Offending God is spoken of as walking among the offenses. AT: "habitually offend him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/022.md b/psa/068/022.md index 36dea2ca32..b18b373c08 100644 --- a/psa/068/022.md +++ b/psa/068/022.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will bring them back -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +The word "them" refers to God's enemies. -## translationNotes +# the depths of the sea -* **I will bring them back** - The word "them" refers to God's enemies. -* **so that you may crush your enemies, dipping your foot in blood,** - This describe the battle where their enemies are completely defeated. In a great battle like this, there is a lot of blood. Here it speaks of them stepping in that blood. AT: "so that you will totally defeat your enemies, stepping in their blood," +This speaks of the most remote parts of the earth where people might try to escape from God as if they were the depths of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crush your enemies + +The total destruction of Israel's enemies is spoken of as if the Israelites had crushed them under their feet. AT: "totally defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dipping your foot in blood + +The violence of from the destruction of the enemies is spoke of in very graphic form, as if the Israelites would be standing in the blood of their dead enemies. AT: "stepping in their blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the tongues of your dogs may have their share + +The bloodshed from the battle against Israel's enemies is spoken of as if it is so extensive that the dogs will lap up the flowing blood with their tongues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/024.md b/psa/068/024.md index d07943b3d1..08bc625240 100644 --- a/psa/068/024.md +++ b/psa/068/024.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# processions -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +A procession is a group of people walking together in an orderly manner as part of a ceremony. -## translationNotes +# minstrels -* **procession** - a group of people walking together in an orderly manner as part of a ceremony -* **minstrels** - people who play musical instruments +people who play musical instruments \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/026.md b/psa/068/026.md index 50e9761f07..8b732d50a2 100644 --- a/psa/068/026.md +++ b/psa/068/026.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Bless God in the assembly; praise Yahweh, you true descendants of Israel -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] +It may be helpful to change the order of these phrases. AT: "You who are the true descendants of Israel, praise Yahweh and bless God in the assembly" -## translationNotes +# their multitudes -* **Bless God in the assembly; praise Yahweh, you true descendants of Israel.** - AT: "You who are the true descendants of Israel, praise Yahweh, and bless God in the assembly" -* **their multitudes** - This can be translated "their council" or "their group". The word "their" refers to the leaders of Judah. +"their group." The word "their" refers to the leaders of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/028.md b/psa/068/028.md index bb6066de66..f18edd147c 100644 --- a/psa/068/028.md +++ b/psa/068/028.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Your God, Israel, has decreed your strength -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gift|gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:time]] +Some versions understand the Hebrew text differently: "Summon your strength, God" or "Use your strength, God" -## translationNotes +# Your God, Israel, has decreed -* **Your God, Israel, has decreed your strength** - Some versions understand the Hebrew text differently: "Summon (or use) your strength, God." -* **to us** - The word "us" refers to the people David is speaking to and to himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **Reveal your power to us from your temple at Jerusalem** - AT: "As you are present in your temple in Jerusalem, send out your power to help us." +"People of Israel, your God has decreed" + +# to us ... to us + +The word "us" refers to the writer and the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Reveal your power to us from your temple at Jerusalem + +"When you are present in the temple at Jerusalem, show us your power" + +# Reveal your power + +The abstract noun "power" can be stated as "strong." AT: "Show us that you are strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/030.md b/psa/068/030.md index d4a5c17d57..b70f0315a0 100644 --- a/psa/068/030.md +++ b/psa/068/030.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the wild beasts in the reeds -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia|Ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:humiliate]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:reed]] +Many scholars believe these wild beasts are a metaphor that refers to the people of Egypt. This can be made explicit. AT: "the people of Egypt who are like wild beasts in the reeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the peoples, that multitude of bulls and calves -* **Shout in battle against the wild beasts in the reeds** - AT: "God, shout in battle aganist the people who are like the wild beasts in the reeds" -* **scatter** - to disperse or to cause something to spread quickly in different direction +The peoples of other nations are spoken of as if they were a large group of cattle. AT: "the powerful nations, who are like herds of bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# scatter + +to disperse or to cause something to spread quickly in different direction + +# Princes will come out of Egypt + +It is implied that these princes come from Egypt in order to offer gifts to God in Jerusalem. AT: "Then the leaders of Egypt will bring gifts to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Cush + +This refers to the people of Cush. AT: "The Cushites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# reach out with her hands to God + +This is a symbolic action that represents worship to God. AT: "lift up her hands to praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/032.md b/psa/068/032.md index 44b57e191b..898fabe63d 100644 --- a/psa/068/032.md +++ b/psa/068/032.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you kingdoms of the earth -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "kingdoms" refers to the citizens of the kingdoms. AT: "you people who are citizens of kingdoms all over the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# To him who rides on the heaven of heavens -* **To him who rides on the heaven of heavens, which exist from ancient times** - AT: "To him who soars high through the sky" or "Sing to God. He rides on the clouds like they are his chariot through the heavens, the heavens which exist from ancient times" (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He lifts up his voice** - AT: "He shouts" or "He speaks loudly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The word "Sing" is implied as the beginning of this verse. Here God is described as if he rides in a chariot in the sky. AT: "Sing to God who rides across the sky in his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he lifts up his voice with power + +This idiom means he speaks powerfully. AT: "he shouts powerfully" or "he speaks loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/034.md b/psa/068/034.md index d4b70cb174..024386648c 100644 --- a/psa/068/034.md +++ b/psa/068/034.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ascribe strength to God -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:majesty|majesty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +"Ascribe" means to give credit to someone. AT: "Strength belongs to God" -## translationNotes +# his strength is in the skies -* **Ascribe strength to God;** - "Ascribe" means to give credit to someone. AT: "Strength belongs to God" -* **God, you are fearsome in your holy place;** - Here the author speaks directly to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "powerful." AT: "in the skies he also shows that he is powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# God, you are fearsome in your holy place + +Here the author speaks directly to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# strength and power + +These two words mean basically these same thing. They emphasize how much strength God provides to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/intro.md b/psa/068/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2ac93829cc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/068/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 068 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 68 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's greatness ##### +God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +##### No Common Theme ##### +Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 68:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../067/intro.md) | [>>](../069/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/001.md b/psa/069/001.md index d4c4b99487..16a46b017f 100644 --- a/psa/069/001.md +++ b/psa/069/001.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* This psalm is a prayer for help. -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to Shoshannim** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:045:001]]. -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **for the waters have put my life in danger** - AT: "for it feels like I'm drowning in the waters" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **mire** - thick mud -* **I have come into deep waters, where the floods flow over me** - This phrase is another way of saying that he feels hopeless and his problems appear to drown him. AT: "It feels like I am in deep waters, and the floodwaters flow over me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This psalm is a prayer for help. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Shoshannim + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 45:1](../045/001.md). + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# for the waters have put my life in danger + +The writer describes the troubles in his life as if he were drowning in a flood of water. AT: "for it feels like I am drowning in the waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I sink in deep mire + +The writer describes the troubles in his life as if he were sinking in deep mud. AT: "For it feels like I am sinking in deep mud and will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mire + +thick mud + +# there is no place to stand + +The writer uses a negative statement to stress how unstable and uncertain his condition is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# I have come into deep waters, where the floods flow over me + +The writer describes his problems as if he was drowning in a deep, raging river. AT: "t feels like I am in deep waters, and the floodwaters flow over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/003.md b/psa/069/003.md index 8d34f65b0a..6e1c12d830 100644 --- a/psa/069/003.md +++ b/psa/069/003.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# weary -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] +very tired -## translationNotes +# my eyes fail -* **weary** - very tired -* **my eyes fail** - AT: "I struggle to keep my eyes open" -* **are more than the hairs on my head** - AT: "are more than I can count, like the hairs on my head" (see: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **those who would cut me off, being my enemies for wrong reasons, are mighty;** - "those who want to cut me off are strong; they are my enemies for wrong reasons." +This idiom means the writer has cried so much that his eyes do not see well any longer. AT: "my eyes are swollen from tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# more than the hairs on my head + +This is an exaggeration to express how many enemies the writer has. AT: "more than I can count, like the hairs on my head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# cut me off + +This idiom means "kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/005.md b/psa/069/005.md index 993612d60a..d5d419ad81 100644 --- a/psa/069/005.md +++ b/psa/069/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# my foolishness -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The abstract noun "foolishness" can be stated as "foolish." AT: "the foolish things that I have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# my sins are not hidden from you -* **know my foolishness** - AT: "know how I have acted foolish" -* **Let not those** - "Do not let those" -* **let not those who seek you** - AT: "Do not let those who follow and worship you" +This can be expressed as a positive statement. AT: "you know all my sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# those who wait for you be put to shame ... those who seek you be brought to dishonor + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the writer's desire to have God protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Let not those who wait for you be put to shame because of me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Please do not put to shame because of me those who wait for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let not those + +"Do not let those" + +# let not those who seek you be brought to dishonor because of me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Please do not bring dishonor because of me on those who seek you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who seek you + +Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: 1) "those who ask you for help" or 2) "those who worship and obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/007.md b/psa/069/007.md index a73b5015bc..43d9300315 100644 --- a/psa/069/007.md +++ b/psa/069/007.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# For your sake -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +"On your behalf" or "For you" -## translationNotes +# I have borne rebuke -* **For your sake** - "On your behalf" or "For you" -* **I have borne rebuke** - AT: "I have received rebuke" or "People have rebuked me" -* **shame has covered my face** - AT: "I feel the heat in my face from my shame" or "I have felt very ashamed" -* **an alien ...** - AT: "I have become an alien ..." or "I have become like a foreigner ..." -* **the zeal of your house has eaten me up** - AT: "the zeal I have for your house consumes me" or "I am filled up by the zeal I have for your house" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The rebukes of the writer's enemies are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he has had to carry. AT: "I have endured the insults of my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shame has covered my face + +The writer speaks of the shame that he feels as if it is a foul thing on his face that everyone can clearly see. AT: "I am thoroughly humiliated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have become a stranger to my brothers + +The writer speaks of himself as if he were not part of his own family. AT: "My brothers no longer know or accept me at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a stranger to my brothers ... an alien to my mother's children + +These two phrases mean the same thing. They are repeated to stress his separation from his own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# an alien to my mother's children + +It is implied that "I have become" should be understood here. The writer speaks of himself as if he were not part of his own family. AT: "my brothers no longer know or trust me at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the zeal of your house has eaten me up + +The writer speaks of his zeal for God's temple as if it was a wild animal that devours the writer. AT: "the zeal I have for your house consumes me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# has eaten me up + +This idiom means that the writer's zeal for the temple takes over all of his thoughts and actions. AT: "completely controls all that I think and do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the rebukes ... have fallen on me + +The writer speaks of the rebukes of Gods' enemies as if they were rocks that were thrown at the writer. AT: "those who rebuke you have also thrown their rebukes at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/010.md b/psa/069/010.md index 1a201b006e..53ccb8bb28 100644 --- a/psa/069/010.md +++ b/psa/069/010.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I wept and did not eat food -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:proverb]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] +The fact that the writer was fasting indicates that he was sad about the way people treated God's temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they insulted me -* **they insulted me** - AT: "my enemies rebuked me because of it" -* **I became the object of a proverb to them** - AT: "I became the example of a sad person spoken of in their proverbs" +"my enemies rebuked me because of it" + +# I made sackcloth my clothing + +Wearing rough, cheap clothing was a symbol of mourning over sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# I became the object of a proverb + +The writer speak of himself as if he was the sad or foolish person in a proverb. AT: "I became the example of a sad person spoken of in their proverbs" or "they laugh at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Those who sit in the city gate + +Here "city gate" is associated with leadership of a town. AT: "The important people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am a song of drunkards + +The writer speaks of himself as if he was the person about whom the drunkards sing mocking songs. AT: "the drunkards of the city sing disgusting songs about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/013.md b/psa/069/013.md index a776949bb2..e1ccdab99d 100644 --- a/psa/069/013.md +++ b/psa/069/013.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# at a time that you will accept -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +"in your accepted time" or "when you are willing" -## translationNotes +# answer me in the trustworthiness of your salvation -* **at a time that you will accept** - AT: "hear my prayer in your accepted time" or "hear my prayer when you are willing" -* **let me be taken away** - "take me away" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and rescued out** - "Let me be rescued" or "rescue me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **overwhelm** - cover me completely -* **neither let the deep** - Here the phrase "the deep" can be translated as either referring to "the deep water" or "the deep mire". -* **Do not let the pit shut its mouth on me** - Here the "pit" is compare to having a mouth like a person and swallowing David. AT: "Do not let the pit consume me" or "Do not let the pit of death close over me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The abstract nouns "trustworthiness" and "salvation" can be stated as "faithfully" and "rescue." AT: "rescue me because you faithfully love me, as you have promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Pull me out ... do not let me sink + +These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Pull me out of the mire, and do not let me sink + +The writer speaks of his danger from his enemies as if he was sinking into a pit of mud. "Do not allow me to sink anymore in the mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let me be taken away + +Here "take away" refers to being removed from danger. This can be stated in active form. AT: "take me away" or "rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# rescued out + +It is understood that "let me be" is implied here. It can be stated in active form. AT: "please rescue me out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the deep water ... the floods of water ... the deep + +These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# rescued out of the deep waters + +The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if he was drowning in deep water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the floods of water overwhelm me + +The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if flood waters were covering him completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the deep swallow me up + +The writer speaks of the deep as if it was a deadly animal that was about to eat him. AT: "the deep waters swallow me up like a dangerous animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not let the pit shut its mouth on me + +Here the "pit" is spoken of as if it has a mouth like a person and could eat the writer. AT: "Do not let the pit consume me" or "Do not let the pit of death close over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/016.md b/psa/069/016.md index 2628ddc506..2efb1ad0b7 100644 --- a/psa/069/016.md +++ b/psa/069/016.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# your covenant faithfulness is good -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "you are good and faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# your mercies for me are many -* **because your mercies for me are many** - AT: "because you are very merciful to me" -* **turn to me** - The idea of turning towards someone means to pay attention to them or help them. AT: "help me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my distress** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:025:017]] +"you are very merciful to me" + +# turn to me + +The idea of turning towards someone means to pay attention to them or help them. AT: "help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not hide your face from your servant + +To hide one's face means to refuse to hear or help someone. AT: "Please help your servant" or "Please help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in distress + +"in great trouble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/018.md b/psa/069/018.md index c35f608f75..4225a92ae9 100644 --- a/psa/069/018.md +++ b/psa/069/018.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# redeem me -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:ransom]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +The writer asks God to redeem him as if the writer were a slave whose freedom God could purchase. AT: "free me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# ransom me -* **my rebuke, my shame, and my dishonor** - AT: "how people have rebuke me, shame me, and dishonor me" +The writer asks God to ransom him as if the writer were a captive whose release could be paid for with money. AT: "rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my rebuke, my shame, and my dishonor + +These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. AT: "how people have rebuked me, shamed me, and dishonored me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my adversaries are all before you + +Here "before you" means that God sees and knows all about them. AT: "you know who all my enemies are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/020.md b/psa/069/020.md index 8dfaf95bdf..d579847163 100644 --- a/psa/069/020.md +++ b/psa/069/020.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# broken my heart -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +This idiom means a person is extremely sad. AT: "offended me deeply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I am full of heaviness -* **broken my heart** - AT: "hurt me deeply" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I am full of heaviness** - AT: "I am heavy with sorrow" -* **to take pity** - to feel sorrow or sadness +The writer's great sadness is spoken of as if he was full of a heavy weight. AT: "I am heavy with sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to take pity + +to feel sorrow or sadness + +# They gave me poison for my food + +This is probably figurative. The food that people gave to the writer was so bad that it tasted like poison. AT: "They gave me food that tasted like poison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/022.md b/psa/069/022.md index 52527f5359..71b817a323 100644 --- a/psa/069/022.md +++ b/psa/069/022.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Let their table before them become a snare ... let it become a trap -* [[en:tw:snare]] +The writer would like for his enemies' food to completely ruin them as if they were small animals caught in a snare or a trap. AT: "May their food ruin them like a snare ... may it destroy them like a trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# their table -* **their loins** - "their sides" +This refers to food that was served on the tables, possibly at a feast. AT: "their own food" or "sacrificial feasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let their eyes be darkened + +The writer speaks of eyes that cannot see well as if they were darkened. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Please make them unable to see anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make their loins shake + +Weak backs are spoken of as if they are shaking in weakness. AT: "cause their backs to be too weak for them to do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their loins + +"their sides" or "their backs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/024.md b/psa/069/024.md index 843ee5da26..d6b542ff59 100644 --- a/psa/069/024.md +++ b/psa/069/024.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Pour out your indignation on them -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +God's demonstration of his anger is described as if he poured it out on his enemies like water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# indignation -* **indignation** - "rage" or "anger" -* **the fierceness of your anger** - AT: "your burning anger" or "your strong anger" +"rage" or "anger" + +# the fierceness of your anger + +"your burning anger" or "your strong anger" + +# overtake them + +God's judgment on his enemies is described as if he ran after them and caught them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be a desolation + +This abstract noun can be stated as "abandoned." AT: "become abandoned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/026.md b/psa/069/026.md index c8c1235335..808e73a87a 100644 --- a/psa/069/026.md +++ b/psa/069/026.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# they persecuted the one -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"they persecuted the man" -## translationNotes +# you struck down -* **they persecute him** - AT: "they persecute the man" -* **smitten** - to have been struck with hard blows or punished -* **Accuse them of having committed iniquity after iniquity;** - This may also be translated: "Add iniquity to their iniquity" -* **iniquity after iniquity** - AT: "much iniquity" -* **come into your righteous victory** - AT: "receive your righteous reward" +Here to be "struck down" refers to punishment. AT: "you punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those you have wounded + +Here to be "wounded" refers to causing them to suffer. AT: "those you have caused to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Accuse them of having committed iniquity after iniquity + +"Keep making a record of all their sins" + +# iniquity after iniquity + +"very many sins" + +# do not let them come into your righteous victory + +To come into God's victory is an idiom that means to receive a reward from him. AT: "do not let them receive your righteous reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/028.md b/psa/069/028.md index 6dd62012e7..2f18a5b944 100644 --- a/psa/069/028.md +++ b/psa/069/028.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Let them be blotted out of -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:bookoflife]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:onhigh]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Here "them" refers to the names of the enemies. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Wipe out their names in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# not be written down -* **Let them be blotted out** - AT: "Blot them out" or "Wipe their names out" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and not be written down** - AT: " and let them not be written down" or "and do not write their names down" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **let your salvation, God, set me up on high.** - AT: "God, by the salvation you give me, set me up on high" +It is inferred that "let them" is understood. This can be stated in active form. AT: "do not write down their names" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# let your salvation, God, set me up on high + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated with the verb "save." Here "on high" refers to a place of safety." AT: "God, save me and put me in a safe place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/030.md b/psa/069/030.md index 1aa10a1f12..a5a88ced04 100644 --- a/psa/069/030.md +++ b/psa/069/030.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the name of God -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:hooves]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "name" refers to God himself. AT: "God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# with thanksgiving -* **the name of God** - This refers to God, by saying his "name". AT: "God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **better than an ox or a bull** - AT: "better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This abstract noun can be stated with the verb "thank." AT: "by thanking him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# better than an ox or a bull + +It is understood that the ox and the bull are to be offered to God as sacrifices. AT: "better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a bull that has horns and hooves + +This phrase distinguishes the full grown bulls from other younger cows. AT: "a bull that is full grown with horns and hooves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/032.md b/psa/069/032.md index bc1a892d67..728808e08c 100644 --- a/psa/069/032.md +++ b/psa/069/032.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The meek -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:meek]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +This refers to meek people in general. AT: "Meek people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# you who seek after God -* **The meek** - AT: "Meek people" -* **let your hearts live** - "let your heart be revived" or "may your hearts be full of life" +Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "you who ask God for help" or "you who think about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let your hearts live + +Here "hearts" refer to the people. Here "live" is an idiom that means to be encouraged. AT: "may you be encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Yahweh hears + +Here "hears" means to respond. AT: "Yahweh answers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the needy + +This refers to needy people in general. AT: "needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# his prisoners + +"those who have suffered for him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/034.md b/psa/069/034.md index b0e90df5c1..ba1a757d07 100644 --- a/psa/069/034.md +++ b/psa/069/034.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Let heaven and earth praise him ... the seas -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Here heaven and earth and the seas are spoken of as if they are people who are able to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# the seas and everything that moves in them -* **have it as a possession** - The word "it" refers to the land of Judah. +It is implied that "Let ... praise him" should be understood here. AT: "let he seas and everything that moves in them praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# God will save Zion + +Here "Zion" refers to the people in Zion. AT: "God will save the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have it as a possession + +The word "it" refers to the land of Judah. + +# who love his name + +Here "name" refers to God himself. AT: "who love God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/intro.md b/psa/069/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..041bafd92c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/069/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 069 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 69 is a psalm of deliverance. The author prays to be saved from his enemies and for them to be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Deliverance ##### +The author prays for God to rescue him from his enemies. They show him no mercy, and he asks God to show them no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 69:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../068/intro.md) | [>>](../070/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/070/001.md b/psa/070/001.md index 26110bd353..ecb4c9602b 100644 --- a/psa/070/001.md +++ b/psa/070/001.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor|dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David,** - “This is a psalm that David wrote,” -* **to bring to remembrance** - "this psalm was written to cause people to remember." -* **confounded** - "surprised and confused" -* **those who ...** - "the people who ..." -* **seek after my soul** - AT: "seek after my life" or "are trying to kill me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **be ashamed and humiliated** - AT: "may God put them to shame and bring disgrace upon them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **let them be turned back and brought to dishonor** - AT: "may they turn around and find shame for what they have done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **​those who say, "Aha, aha"** - This is an expression of mocking laughter. You may replace "Aha, aha" with whatever laughing sounds like in your language. AT: "those who mock and laugh at me" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# to bring to remembrance + +"this psalm was written to cause people to remember" + +# those who + +"the people who" + +# take my life + +This idiom means "kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# be ashamed and humiliated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God put them to shame and bring disgrace upon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# let them be turned back and brought to dishonor + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God turn them around and make them ashamed for what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# turned back + +To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. AT: "stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who say, "Aha, aha" + +This is an expression of mocking laughter. You may replace "Aha, aha" with whatever laughing sounds like in your language. AT: "those who mock and laugh at me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/070/004.md b/psa/070/004.md index fe99f93756..a2980039ae 100644 --- a/psa/070/004.md +++ b/psa/070/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# seek you -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "ask you for help" or "think about you and obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# rejoice and be glad -* **rejoice and be glad** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **May God be praised** - AT: "Praise God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **poor and needy** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "poor and in need" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **my help and you rescue me** - These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. AT: "rejoice greatly" or "be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# love your salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "love you because you saved them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# always say + +This exaggeration emphasizes that it is important to praise God often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# May God be praised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let everyone praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# poor and needy + +Here the words "poor" and "needy" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. AT: "very needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# hurry to me + +The writer speaks of God as if he is running to the writer in order to help him. AT: "come quickly to help me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are my help and you rescue me + +Here the phrase "you rescue me" explains how God is his "help." AT: "you help me by rescuing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# do not delay + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "please come quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/070/intro.md b/psa/070/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc802a40b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/070/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 070 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Help ##### +The author needs help and needs it immediately. + +##### Psalm 40 ##### +This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 70:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../069/intro.md) | [>>](../071/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/001.md b/psa/071/001.md index fedd6a1821..402a3da653 100644 --- a/psa/071/001.md +++ b/psa/071/001.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* This psalm is a prayer for help. +This psalm is a prayer for help. + +# In you, Yahweh, I take refuge + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you, Yahweh, for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let me never be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. See how "do not let me be humiliated" is translated in [Psalms 25:2](../025/001.md). AT: "never let my enemies put me to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make me safe in your righteousness + +Possible meanings are 1) "make me safe because you always do what is right" or 2) "make me safe as I do what you want me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# turn your ear to me + +Here "your ear" refers to God's willingness to hear someone who prays to him. See how this is translated in [Psalms 17:6](../017/006.md). AT: "pay attention to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Be to me a rock for refuge + +The psalmist requests that Yahweh make him as safe as he would be if he were hiding in a large rock or cliff where his enemies could not find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rock ... rock + +These are hills or mountains, not rocks one can hold in one's hand. + +# you have given a command + +"you have commanded your angels" + +# save me + +"keep me safe" + +# you are my rock and my fortress + +The psalmist believes that Yahweh will protect him and make him as safe as if he were hiding on top of a large mountain or inside a man-made fortress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/004.md b/psa/071/004.md index e711e82136..9bd56a092e 100644 --- a/psa/071/004.md +++ b/psa/071/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Possible meanings are 1) the word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "from the power of the wicked, from the power of the unrighteous" or 2) "hand" refers to the person himself. AT: "from wicked people, from unrighteous ... people" or "so that wicked people and unrighteous ... people cannot harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous -* **out of the hand of the unrighteous** - AT: "rescue me out of the hand of the unrighteous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"wicked; rescue me out of the hand of the unrighteous." You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# wicked ... unrighteous ... cruel + +These adjectives can be translated as noun phrases. AT: "wicked people ... unrighteous people ... cruel people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you are my hope + +Here "hope" is a metonym for the one in whom the psalmist hopes. AT: "you are the one whom I confidently expect to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/006.md b/psa/071/006.md index 739bd16080..dd41103f19 100644 --- a/psa/071/006.md +++ b/psa/071/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# By you I have been supported from the womb -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have supported me from the womb" or "You have taken care of me ever since I came out of my mother's womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# you are he -* **By you I have been supported from the womb** - AT: “You have supported me from the womb” or "You have taken care of me ever since I came out of my mother's womb" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **you are he who** - AT: "you" -* **I am an example to many people** - This may also be translated, "I have become a wonder to many people". +"you are the one" + +# I am an example to many people + +"Many people see how I live and want to live as I do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/008.md b/psa/071/008.md index 1513f686fc..a43fe6d9a9 100644 --- a/psa/071/008.md +++ b/psa/071/008.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# My mouth will be filled with your praise ... with your honor -* [[en:tw:honor]] +The psalmist speaks of his desire to praise and honor Yahweh with the words he speaks as if his mouth were full of words the way it can be full of food. AT: "My mouth will be filled with words that praise you ... that honor you" or "I will always praise you ... will always honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# your praise -* **My mouth will be filled with your praise and with your honor** - AT: "I speak about your praise and your honor" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **all the day** - "all day long" -* **Do not throw me away ... do not abandon me ...** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **do not abandon me** - "do not leave me" +Here "praise" refer to the words that he will use to praise Yahweh. AT: "words that tell people how great you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your honor + +Here "honor" refer to the words that he will use to honor Yahweh. AT: "words that cause people to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the day + +"all day long" or "at all times" + +# Do not throw me away ... do not abandon me + +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Do not throw me away + +"Do not force me to go away from you." For God to reject him is spoken of as God forcing him to go away. See how this is translated in [Psalms 51:11](../051/010.md). AT: "do not reject me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not abandon me + +"do not leave me forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/010.md b/psa/071/010.md index 5451f818a4..8ca33db2ca 100644 --- a/psa/071/010.md +++ b/psa/071/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# watch for my life -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +It is implied that they are watching for an opportunity to take his life. The euphemism "to take a life" means to kill. AT: "watch for an opportunity to take my life" or "wait for an opportunity to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# They say -* **watch for my life** - AT: "are waiting for an opportunity to kill me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **They say,** - AT: "They say about me," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **pursue and take him** - "follow him and take him" +This can be translated to make explicit that they are talking about him. AT: "They say about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pursue and take him + +"follow him when he runs away, and kill him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/012.md b/psa/071/012.md index cf8586eb38..50caee7cd6 100644 --- a/psa/071/012.md +++ b/psa/071/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# do not be far from me -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:dishonor]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer's request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# hurry to help me -* **do not be far from me** - AT: "stay close to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Let them be put to shame and consumed** - AT: "Put them to shame and consume them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **those who are hostile to my life** - AT: "those who hate me being alive" -* **let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor** - AT: "cover them with rebuke and dishonor" or "rebuke and dishonor them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"help me soon" + +# Let them be put to shame and destroyed, those who are hostile to my life + +"Let those who are hostile to my life be put to shame and destroyed" + +# Let them be put to shame and destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Put them to shame and destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who are hostile to my life + +The words "my life" represent the person. The idiom "hostile to my life" means that these are people who try to harm him by accusing him of wrongdoing. AT: "those who accuse me of doing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor, those who seek my hurt + +"let those who seek my hurt be covered with rebuke and dishonor" + +# let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor + +This can be stated in active form. The abstract nouns "rebuke" and "dishonor" can be stated as verbs. AT: "may everyone rebuke them, and may no one honor them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# those who seek my hurt + +The noun "hurt" can be translated with a verb. AT: "those who are looking for ways to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/014.md b/psa/071/014.md index 7fb6106e94..fc42bbd407 100644 --- a/psa/071/014.md +++ b/psa/071/014.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# more and more -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] +"more all the time" or "always more than I have before" -## translationNotes +# My mouth will tell -* **more and more** - These words are repeated here to emphasize how much he will praise God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **My mouth will tell** - AT: "I will tell" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **although** - "even though" -* **with the mighty acts of** - This refers to their being strengthened by God's power and might. AT: "in the strength of" -* **will go to them** - AT: "will come" -* **to them** - AT: "to my enemies" -* **will make mention of** - "will talk about" +The mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I will tell" or "I will speak with my mouth and tell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your righteousness + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "righteousness." AT: "how righteous you are" or "all the good things you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "how you have saved me" or "how you save people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# although + +"even though" + +# I will come + +Possible meanings are 1) "I will go to where people worship Yahweh" or 2) "I will go to my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) "I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done" or 2) "because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts." + +# will make mention of + +"will talk about" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/017.md b/psa/071/017.md index b6a6928d83..60d8a90de8 100644 --- a/psa/071/017.md +++ b/psa/071/017.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# taught me -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The implied information may be stated clearly. "taught me many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# God, do not forsake me -* **God, do not forsake me,** - AT: "God, please do not forsake me" -* **your power to everyone who is to come** - AT: "and as I declare your power to everyone who is to come" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **everyone who is to come** - This refers to the people who he will meet later on, but older people and children. AT: "the generation to come" or "everyone in the future" +"God, please do not forsake me" + +# I have been declaring your strength + +The abstract noun "strength" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I have been telling how strong you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to the next generation + +"to those who are children today" + +# your power to everyone who is to come + +The omitted information may be stated clearly. AT: "and as I declare your power to everyone who is to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# everyone who is to come + +This exaggeration refers to everyone the writer can speak to. AT: "so as many people as I can tell will know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/019.md b/psa/071/019.md index 82f7c395e1..86a7dc8027 100644 --- a/psa/071/019.md +++ b/psa/071/019.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Your righteousness also, God, is very high -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +The psalmist speaks of the good things God has done as though they were put together as a high building or a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# who is like you? -* **severe troubles** - "horrible troubles" -* **​revive** - to strengthen or to make lively again -* **from the depths of the earth** - The "depths of the earth" is a reference to where people go when they die. AT: "when we are near death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "there is no one like you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# revive + +strengthen or make lively again + +# from the depths of the earth + +"The depths of the earth" is a metaphor for where people go when they die. The psalmist had not already died, but in this exaggeration he speaks as if he had. AT: "when we are near death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/021.md b/psa/071/021.md index b20ed6f38f..abf0a859b0 100644 --- a/psa/071/021.md +++ b/psa/071/021.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# May you increase ... turn again and comfort -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +"I want you to increase ... I want you to turn again and comfort." Some translations read, "You will increase ... you will turn again and comfort." -## translationNotes +# turn again and comfort me -* **​turn again and comfort me.** - AT: "comfort me again" -* **for your trustworthiness** - AT: "because you are trustworthy" -* **to you I will sing praises with the harp, Holy One of Israel.** - "to you, who is the Holy One of Israel, I will sing praises with the harp" +This describes one action through two phrases. AT: "comfort me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# to you I will sing praises with the harp, Holy One of Israel + +"to you, who is the Holy One of Israel, I will sing praises while I play the harp" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/023.md b/psa/071/023.md index 0de00ec9d7..b05a12b8a1 100644 --- a/psa/071/023.md +++ b/psa/071/023.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# My lips will shout for joy -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:seek]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|tongue]] +"Lips" represent the whole person. AT: "I will shout for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# even my soul, which you have redeemed -* AT: "and my soul, which you have redeemed, will sing praises" or "I will sing praises with my inner being, which you have redeemed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **My tongue will also talk** - AT: "I will also talk" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **for they have been put to shame and are confused** - AT: "for God has put to shame and confused" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **those who sought my hurt** - This refers to his enemies spoken of in [[en:bible:notes:psa:071:012]]. -* ~~DISCUSSION~~{{tag>publish book2}} +The words the psalmist has omitted can be stated clearly. AT: "and my soul, which you have redeemed, will sing praises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my soul + +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# My tongue will also talk + +Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. AT: "I will also talk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they have been put to shame and are confused, those who sought my hurt + +"those who sought my hurt have been put to shame and are confused" + +# for they have been put to shame and are confused + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for God has put to shame and confused them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who sought my hurt + +This refers to the enemies of the writer. ([Psalms 71:10](./008.md)). See how "those who seek my hurt" is translated in [Psalms 71:13](./012.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/intro.md b/psa/071/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..003479ccc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/071/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 071 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 71 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +God has helped the psalmist all his life. Now that he is old, his enemy thinks that God has abandoned him; but the psalmist trusts in God and will praise Yahweh with songs of praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 71:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../070/intro.md) | [>>](../072/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/001.md b/psa/072/001.md index 31ab24f9d8..7687343298 100644 --- a/psa/072/001.md +++ b/psa/072/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of Solomon** - Possible meanings are 1)David wrote this psalm for his son or 2) Solomon wrote this psalm for his son or 3) a king wrote it for his son in the style of Solomon. -* **May he judge** - AT: "May the king judge" -* **your people** - AT: "God's people" -* **and your poor** - AT: "and may the king judge God's poor people" -* **May the mountains produce peace ... may the hills produce righteousness** - The mountains and the hills stand for the whole land of Israel, they are described as if they are a machine that can produce peace and righteousness. Peace and righteousness are described as if they are some sort of material you can hold in your hands. AT: "May there be peace in the land ... may everything in the land be done righteously" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Possible meanings for the header "a psalm of Solomon" are 1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon ("the king's son") or 2) Solomon (who, as David's son, was "the king's son") wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or 3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king's son + +Possible meanings are 1) "Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son" or 2) "Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king's son." People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Give the king your righteous decrees + +"Enable the king to judge rightly" + +# your righteousness to the king's son + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Here the word "righteousness" refers to making righteous decisions. AT: "give your righteousness to the king's son" or "enable the king's son to rule with righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# May he judge + +If David wrote this, he is talking about his son, "the king's son," he is speaking of the time when his son will be king. If Solomon wrote it, even though he is writing about himself, it would be best to translate as though he were writing about someone else. Either way, "May the king judge" is the best translation. + +# your people ... your poor + +The psalmist is speaking to God. + +# your poor + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The adjective "poor" refers to poor people. AT: "may he judge your poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# May the mountains produce peace ... may the hills produce righteousness + +The psalmist speaks of the people of Israel as if they were the mountains and hills on which they live. He speaks of the mountains and the hills as if they were the entire land of Israel, as if that land were a garden that produces fruit, and of peace and righteousness as if they are that fruit. AT: "May the people of the land live in peace ... may they do everything in a righteous way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/004.md b/psa/072/004.md index 5243545f26..92bd937cd2 100644 --- a/psa/072/004.md +++ b/psa/072/004.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he ... he -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +These refer to the one who will "judge" ([Psalms 72:2](./001.md)). -## translationNotes +# break in pieces the oppressor -* **break in pieces the oppressor** - AT: "destroy their oppressor completely" -* **May they honor you** - "May they fear you" AT: "May the people honor God" -* **while the sun endures, and as long as the moon lasts** - AT: "forever, and without ending" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The writer speaks of the king defeating or punishing people who oppress others as if those people were objects that the king would break into pieces. AT: "punish the person who oppresses others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# while the sun endures, and as long as the moon lasts + +The sun and the moon are metonyms for the day and the night, which together are a merism for all time. AT: "forever, and without ending" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/006.md b/psa/072/006.md index 5c2263b318..c42ec1f820 100644 --- a/psa/072/006.md +++ b/psa/072/006.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# May he come down like rain on the mown grass -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for freshly cut grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# May he come -* **May he come down like rain on the mown grass** - The goodness king and his reign are compared to rain on mown grass. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like showers that water the earth** - The goodness of the king and his reign are compared to a showering rain on the ground. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the righteous** - "the righteous man" -* **in his day** - Possible meanings are 1) in the day of the king or 2) in his own day. -* **till the moon is no more** - AT: "as long as the moon shines" (UDB) or "forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"I desire that he come" + +# like showers that water + +"May he come down like showers that water." The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the righteous + +The adjective "righteous" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# in his days + +Possible meanings are 1) "while the king rules" or 2) "as long as the righteous person lives" or "as long as the righteous people live." + +# may there be an abundance of peace + +The psalmist speaks as if peace were a physical object like food. An "abundance" is when there is much of something. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "abundance" and "peace." AT: "may righteous people live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# till the moon is no more + +"as long as the moon shines" or "forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/008.md b/psa/072/008.md index 9566bbc31c..903996fde5 100644 --- a/psa/072/008.md +++ b/psa/072/008.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# May he have dominion -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:sheba]] -* [[en:tw:tarshish]] -* [[en:tw:tribute]] +"May the king have dominion" -## translationNotes +# from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth -* **May he have dominion** - AT: "May the king have dominion" -* **from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth** - Both of these expressions refer to the whole earth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **the River** - AT: "the Euphrates" -* **lick the dust** - This is a symbol of extreme humiliation. -* **render** - "return" AT: "give" -* **offer gifts** - "bring near gifts" AT: "give gifts" -* **Seba** - This is the name of a country. It is not the same country as Sheba. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Both of these expressions are merisms and refer to the whole earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# from sea to sea + +from the Dead Sea and the Sea of Kinnereth in the east to the Mediterranean Sea in the west. + +# the River + +"the Euphrates River," which the Israelites would travel to on land by going north + +# the ends of the earth + +as far as people could travel on land by different routes to the south. The Israelites spoke of the earth as if it were a flat surface with ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# lick the dust + +This is a metaphor for extreme humiliation. AT: "do everything they can so he will allow them to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Tarshish + +the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# render + +"give" + +# offer gifts + +"give gifts" + +# Seba + +This is the name of a country. It is not the same country as Sheba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/011.md b/psa/072/011.md index ec3a11cd83..85ae24ad58 100644 --- a/psa/072/011.md +++ b/psa/072/011.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# fall down before him -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"bow down before him" or "honor him as their king" -## translationNotes +# all nations -* **fall down before him** - AT: "bow down before him" or "honor him as their king" +Here the word "nations" represents the people who live in the nations. AT: "the people who live in every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# no other helper + +"no one else to help him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/013.md b/psa/072/013.md index 371f32571b..34d4b32d92 100644 --- a/psa/072/013.md +++ b/psa/072/013.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# He has pity on the poor and needy -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +"He wants to stop the poor and needy from suffering" -## translationNotes +# the poor and needy -* **he has pity on** - AT: "he feels very sad for" -* **the poor and needy** - These two words refer to the same group and are used together to emphasize how good the king is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the lives of the needy** - AT: "needy people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **their souls** - AT: "them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **oppression and violence** - These two words mean essentially the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad the needy suffer. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **their blood** - AT: "their lives" or "their suffering" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **precious in his sight** - AT: "precious to him." This does not mean he likes to see their blood, but that their suffering feels like a precious loss. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here the nominal adjectives "poor" and "needy" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are unable to help themselves. AT: "those who are poor and those who are needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# redeems their lives + +Here "lives" refers to the whole person. AT: "redeems them" or "saves them" or "rescues them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# oppression and violence + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the needy suffer. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. AT: "those who oppress them and hurt them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# their blood is precious in his sight + +Here "their blood" is a metonym for their well-being. The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. AT: "their well-being is very important to him" or "he wants them to live well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in his sight + +See how this phrase is translated in [Psalms 19:14](../019/013.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/015.md b/psa/072/015.md index 1c49a24dda..b537e5ab31 100644 --- a/psa/072/015.md +++ b/psa/072/015.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# May he live! -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:sheba]] +This saying was used to honor the king by expressing a desire to have him live a long time. AT: "May the king live a long time!" or "I desire that the king live a long time!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# May the gold of Sheba be given to him -* **May the gold of Sheba be given to him** - AT: "May they give him the gold of Sheba" or "May he receive the gold of Sheba" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all day long** - AT: "continually" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in the earth** - "in the land" -* **their crops wave in the breeze** - AT: "their crops move back and forth in the calm wind" -* **crops** - plants that people grow for food -* **like the trees of Lebanon** - AT: "just like the trees in Lebanon move back and forth in the wind" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like grass on the earth** - AT: "just like the grass on the earth flourishes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May they give him the gold of Sheba" or "May he receive the gold of Sheba" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all day long + +This idiom means "continually" and does not refer only to one day. AT: "continually" or "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# abundance of grain + +An "abundance" is when there is much of something. This abstract noun can be stated as "much" or "plenty" AT: "much grain" or "plenty of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# crops + +plants that people grow for food + +# wave + +Use the word for what long grass does when a gentle wind blows on it and it moves slowly back and forth. + +# like Lebanon + +"like the cedar trees in Lebanon." These trees were beautiful and had wood that was good for building. The meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the people flourish in the cities like the grass of the field + +The prosperity of the people in the cities is spoken of as if they were grass that grows abundantly in the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/017.md b/psa/072/017.md index d2ed6c5ffb..9ac41a7a14 100644 --- a/psa/072/017.md +++ b/psa/072/017.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# May his name endure forever -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +This saying is used to honor God by expressing the desire for people to always remember him. AT: "May people always know about him" or "May people never forget who he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# his name -* **the king’s name ... his name** - AT: "the king's reputation ... his reputation" or "the king's fame ... his fame" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **as long as the sun** - AT: "forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **may people be blessed in him** - AT: "may he bless people with is rule" or "may he be a blessing for people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **call him blessed** - AT: "recognize that he is blessed" or "say that God blessed him" +Here "his name" refers to God's reputation. AT: "the king's name" or "the king's reputation" or "the king's fame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as long as the sun + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "as long as the sun endures" or "as long as the sun shines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# may people be blessed in him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God cause him to do good things for people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# call him blessed + +"recognize that God has blessed them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/018.md b/psa/072/018.md index b4e418a682..efbad3ae39 100644 --- a/psa/072/018.md +++ b/psa/072/018.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These verses are more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 2 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 42 and ends with Psalm 72. -## translationNotes +# May Yahweh God, the God of Israel, be blessed -* **May Yahweh God, the God of Israel, be blessed** - AT: "May people bless Yahweh God, the God of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **May his glorious name be blessed forever** - AT: "May people bless his glorious name forever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **may the whole earth be filled with his glory** - AT: "may his glory fill the whole earth" or "may he fill the whole earth with his glory" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The prayers of David, the son of Jesse, are finished** - AT: "David, the son of Jesse, finished his prayers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people bless Yahweh God, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May his glorious name be blessed forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people bless his glorious name forever" or, treating "name" as a metonym for Yahweh himself, "May people forever know how glorious he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his glorious name be blessed + +"he, who is glorious, be blessed" + +# may the whole earth be filled with his glory + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may his glory fill the whole earth" or "may he fill the whole earth with his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Amen and Amen + +The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md). AT: "May it certainly be so" + +# The prayers of David son of Jesse are finished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "David, the son of Jesse has finished his prayers" or "This is the last prayer of the David the son of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/intro.md b/psa/072/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9f87ec1080 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/072/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 072 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 72 is a psalm for the king when he begins to be the king. David wrote it as a blessing on his son, Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessings for the king ##### +May the king be honored throughout the world. May he help the poor. May there be prosperity while he is king. + +##### Close of Book Two ##### +The whole collection of Psalms has been divided into several "books." This is the last psalm of the second book. It is attributed to Solomon, the son of David. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 72:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../071/intro.md) | [>>](../073/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/001.md b/psa/073/001.md index b755bd2510..1341344012 100644 --- a/psa/073/001.md +++ b/psa/073/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of Asaph -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of Asaph** - “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” -* **my feet** - This phrase represents the whole person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **my feet almost slipped; my feet almost slipped out from under me** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis.(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in [Psalms 53:1](../053/001.md). + +# my feet almost slipped; my feet almost slipped out from under me + +The psalmist speaks of being unable to trust God and wanting to sin as if he had almost fallen while walking on a slippery path. AT: "I almost stopped trusting in God; I was almost guilty of committing a great sin against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was envious of the arrogant + +"I envied the arrogant" or "I did not want arrogant people to have the good things that they had" + +# the arrogant + +The adjective "arrogant" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "arrogant people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the prosperity of the wicked + +The word "prosperity" can be translated as a verb. AT: "how the wicked have so many good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the wicked + +The adjective "wicked" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/004.md b/psa/073/004.md index 5747670500..78ad8352e2 100644 --- a/psa/073/004.md +++ b/psa/073/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:like]] +Asaph begins to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are "arrogant" and "wicked" ([Psalms 73:3](./001.md)). -## translationNotes +# the burdens of other men -* Asaph continues to describe "the wicked." -* **They are free from the burdens of other men; they are not afflicted like other men** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The words "burdens" is a metonym for the struggles of daily life (need for food, shelter, clothing, and health). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they are not afflicted like other men + +"they do not suffer the way other people do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/006.md b/psa/073/006.md index 167589dde2..24e6b0bcf5 100644 --- a/psa/073/006.md +++ b/psa/073/006.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:robe|robe]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are "arrogant" and "wicked" ([Psalms 73:3](./001.md)). -## translationNotes +# Pride adorns them like a necklace around their neck; violence clothes them like a robe -* Asaph continues to offer his thoughts about "the wicked." -* **Pride adorns them like a necklace around their neck; violence clothes them like a robe.** - This means the wicked do not try to hide their pride or violence. They show them openly so that everyone can see them just like a person wears a necklace or beautiful robe so every can see them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **necklace...robe** - A "necklace" is chain usually made of gold or jewels that a person wears around their neck. Both the necklace and the robe are symbols of a person's status and rank. +This means the wicked show everyone how proud and violent they are as if they were wearing a necklace or beautiful robe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# necklace ... robe + +This refers to things that rich and important people wear. + +# necklace + +a chain usually made of gold or jewels that goes around the neck + +# Out of such blindness comes sin + +Because they are like blind people who cannot see where they are going, they sin without knowing it. Being blind is a metaphor for a person being unable to see how wicked he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# evil thoughts pass through their hearts + +Here the psalmist describes people's thoughts as if they were people. He also describes the inner beings of wicked people as if they were a building in which those people could walk. AT: "in their inner beings they are always thinking about more evil things to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/008.md b/psa/073/008.md index 4e2476ff4d..06977afb70 100644 --- a/psa/073/008.md +++ b/psa/073/008.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|tongue]] +Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are "arrogant" and "wicked" ([Psalms 73:3](./001.md)). -## translationNotes +# They mock -* Asaph continues to think about “the wicked.” -* **They mockingly say evil things; they proudly threaten violence.** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **They speak against the heavens** - The word "heavens" here represents God. AT: "They speak against God, who is in heaven" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **their tongues roam through the earth** - Here the word "tongues" represent the wicked person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Whom they mock can be stated clearly. AT: "They mock God and his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They set their mouth against the heavens + +Here "their mouth" is a metonym for their speech, and "heavens" is a metonym for God, who lives in the heavens. AT: "They speak against God, who is in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their tongues march through the earth + +The word "tongues" represents the people themselves. Possible meanings are 1) "they go through the earth saying bad things about God" or "they go everywhere and boast about themselves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/010.md b/psa/073/010.md index 38728164fa..6c7eb482ef 100644 --- a/psa/073/010.md +++ b/psa/073/010.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are "arrogant" and "wicked" ([Psalms 73:3](./001.md)). -## translationNotes +# his people turn to them -* The wicked people influence Israel. -* **drink deeply at their words** - This expression means "to listen." AT: "receive and absorb their words" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **They say** - The word "They" here refers to the wicked people. -* **How does God know? Does God know what goes on?** - These two rhetorical questions share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. The wicked doubt God's ability to know all things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "God's people love the wicked people" or "the wicked people return to this place" + +# abundant waters are drained out + +Possible meanings are 1) "God's people listen gladly to the words of the wicked people" or 2) "the wicked people have plenty of food to eat and wine to drink" + +# They say + +the wicked people say + +# How does God know? Is there knowledge with the Most High? + +These rhetorical questions are to show contempt for God. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Surely God does not know what we are doing. The Most High has no knowledge of it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/013.md b/psa/073/013.md index 5793c86008..4d7e433324 100644 --- a/psa/073/013.md +++ b/psa/073/013.md @@ -1,28 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:betray]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:discipline|discipline]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:vain]] -* [[en:tw:vain|vain]] +In verses 13 and 14, Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are "arrogant" and "wicked" ([Psalms 73:3](./001.md)). In verse 15 he begins to talk about what he is really thinking. -## translationNotes +# I have -* Asaph complains to God about his situation. -* **I have** - The word "I" refers to Asaph. -* **I have guarded my heart and washed my hands in innocence** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **guarded my heart** - AT: "I have kept my thoughts pure." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **washed my hands in innocence** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:026:006]]. AT: "my actions have remained pure" or "I have washed my hands to show that I am innocent." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For all the day long have I been afflicted and disciplined every morning.** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. -* **All the day long ** - "Always" or "Every day" -* **afflicted and disciplined ** - ** (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The word "I" refers to Asaph. + +# guarded my heart + +Asaph speaks of guarding his heart as if he were guarding a city or building against enemies. AT: "I have kept my thoughts pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# washed my hands in innocence + +The writer speaks of his purity as if he had washed his hands with innocence instead of with water. See how you translated this in [Psalms 26:6](../026/006.md). AT: "my actions have remained pure" or "I have washed my hands to show that I am innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the day long + +"always" or "every day" + +# I have been afflicted + +"You have made me suffer." See how "they are not afflicted" is translated in [Psalms 73:5](./004.md). + +# I have been ... disciplined + +"I have been ... punished" + +# If I had said, "I will say these things," then I would have betrayed this generation of your children + +This hypothetical situation did not happen. AT: "I never said, 'I will say these things,' so I did not betray this generation of your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/016.md b/psa/073/016.md index 232f5a422f..808092f870 100644 --- a/psa/073/016.md +++ b/psa/073/016.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# these things -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] +The good things that happen to "the wicked" ([Psalms 73:4](./004.md)-[Psalms 12](./010.md)). -## translationNotes +# their fate -* **these things ** - This refers back to Asaph's reflections about what he sees happening to the wicked. -* **their fate** - The word "their" refers to the wicked. +"what happens to wicked people when they die" or "how wicked people die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/018.md b/psa/073/018.md index 2767c275c8..bdb9d74761 100644 --- a/psa/073/018.md +++ b/psa/073/018.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# put them -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +The word "them" refers to the wicked. -## translationNotes +# slippery places -* **put them** - The word "them" refers to the wicked. -* **slippery places** - AT: "unsafe or unstable ground." -* **How they become a wilderness in a moment** - This phrase means "How quickly they are destroyed." -* **like a dream after one wakes up** - This phrase means "easily forgotten." The wicked will last no longer than what we see in a dream. It disappears as soon as one wakes up.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"unsafe or unstable ground." See how "slipped" is translated in [Psalms 73:2](./001.md). + +# How they become a wilderness in a moment + +The word "wilderness" is a metaphor for a person who has lost everything good. AT: "How quickly they are destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a dream after one wakes up + +The wicked will last no longer than what a person sees in a dream. It disappears as soon as the person wakes up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/021.md b/psa/073/021.md index 87fa023f64..d041ce48f3 100644 --- a/psa/073/021.md +++ b/psa/073/021.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my heart was grieved -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:like]] +The word "heart" represents the person emphasizing their thoughts and feelings. AT: "I was very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# I was deeply wounded -* **ignorant and lacked insight** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **lacked insight** - AT: "understood nothing" -* **you** - This "you" refers to God. +The psalmist speaks of emotional pain as if it were physical pain by being pierced with a knife or arrow. AT: "I felt like someone had wounded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ignorant and lacked insight + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how little he knew. AT: "very ignorant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# lacked insight + +"understood nothing" + +# you + +This "you" refers to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/023.md b/psa/073/023.md index ba558e34db..e6b61b4ae7 100644 --- a/psa/073/023.md +++ b/psa/073/023.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I am always with you -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:receive|receive]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] +The word "I" here represents Asaph. The word "you" here represents God. -## translationNotes +# you hold my right hand -* ** I am always with you** - The word "I" here represents Asaph. The word "you" here represents God. -* **you hold my right hand** - This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. AT: "You hold me close" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The person's "right hand" refers to the whole person. This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. AT: "You hold me close" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# receive me to glory + +Possible meanings are 1) "put me where people will honor me" or 2) "honor me by taking me to where you are." See how "receive me" is translated in [Psalms 49:15](../049/014.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/025.md b/psa/073/025.md index b2481f6134..d459a4daf3 100644 --- a/psa/073/025.md +++ b/psa/073/025.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Whom have I in heaven but you? -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +You can translate this as a statement. AT: "There is no one for me in heaven but you!" or "You are the only one I have in heaven!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# in heaven -* **Whom have I in heaven but you? ** - This sentence shows that God is all Asaph wants or needs. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **My flesh and my heart ** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. Together they represent all of the person. AT: "My body and my mind" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"among the gods" or "among the supernatural beings" + +# My flesh and my heart + +These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they represent the whole person. AT: "My body and my mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/027.md b/psa/073/027.md index ab0b41ab0d..9925f4f575 100644 --- a/psa/073/027.md +++ b/psa/073/027.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Asaph continues to talk about God. -## translationNotes +# Those who are far from you -* Asaph continues to talk about God. +Here the idea of staying far from God is compared to being unwilling to obey him. AT: "Those who do not want to obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my refuge + +The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place to which a person could flee for safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/intro.md b/psa/073/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c548160cc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/073/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 073 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 73 is a wisdom psalm. It explains the problem of wicked people who seem to prosper. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Evil people ##### +Sometimes it seems that wicked people have no problems and everything works for them. Despite this, they will be destroyed. In contrast, the righteous always have God to help them through problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +##### Psalms by Asaph ##### +There are twelve psalms attributed to Asaph; the first one is Psalm 50, which is in Book Two, and the other eleven (Psalm 73–83) are at the beginning of Book Three. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 73:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../072/intro.md) | [>>](../074/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/001.md b/psa/074/001.md index 462f538a99..488971dae0 100644 --- a/psa/074/001.md +++ b/psa/074/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A maschil of Asaph -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A maschil of Asaph** - “This is a maschil that Asaph wrote.” -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]]. -* **God, why have you rejected us forever?** - This phrase emphasizes the distress that Asaph feels.(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **against the sheep of your pasture** - The word "sheep" here refers to the people of Israel. AT: "against Israel, who are like the sheep of your pasture." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **your own heritage** - AT: "your own inheritance" +"This is a maschil that Asaph wrote." + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# God, why have you rejected us forever? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "God, we have done nothing wrong, but you have rejected us forever!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why does your anger burn against the sheep of your pasture? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "We are the ones you have promised to care for, and we have done nothing wrong, but now you are angry with us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the sheep of your pasture + +Asaph speaks of the people of Israel as if they were sheep. AT: "against Israel, who are like the sheep whom you feed in your pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Call to mind + +"Pay attention to." God has not forgotten his people, but he does not seem to be thinking about them. + +# your own heritage + +"yours forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/003.md b/psa/074/003.md index c4f6daba0f..0d9a7c409f 100644 --- a/psa/074/003.md +++ b/psa/074/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:ax]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +These verses describe an actual event, a physical attack on the temple of Israel in Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Come look -* These verses describe an actual event, a physical attack on the temple of Israel in Jerusalem. -* **Come look** - Asaph is addressing God, asking him to come look at the destruction. -* **roared** - The adversaries were shouting loudly with a great cry of victory. -* **engravings** - This refers to carvings on wood, metal, or stone in the temple. +Asaph is addressing God, asking him to come look at the destruction. + +# roared + +The adversaries were shouting loudly with a great cry of victory. + +# engravings + +This refers to carvings on wood, metal, or stone in the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/007.md b/psa/074/007.md index cbbeb5c9ed..20138a0d5b 100644 --- a/psa/074/007.md +++ b/psa/074/007.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +Asaph continues to describe the destruction of the temple. -## translationNotes +# They ... they ... They ... They -* Asaph continues to describe the destruction of the temple. +Here "they" refers to the adversaries mentioned in [Psalms 74:4](./003.md). + +# They said in their hearts + +This is an idiom. AT: "They said to themselves" or "They thought to themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/009.md b/psa/074/009.md index f2f6669869..7f8bd50c62 100644 --- a/psa/074/009.md +++ b/psa/074/009.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] +Asaph is addressing God about the destruction he sees. -## translationNotes +# We do not see any more signs -* Asaph is addressing God about the destruction he sees. -* **How long, God, will the enemy . . .?** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever?** - AT: "Will the enemy never stop speaking evil against you?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Why do you hold back your hand, your right hand** - AT: "Why do you withhold your power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **hand … your right hand** - Here the phrase "hand" represents God's power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **take your right hand from your garment** - AT: "Stop hiding your power and take action." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "We do not see any more miraculous signs from God" or 2) "All our sacred symbols are gone" or 3) the "signs" are the flags and symbols of an army representing the army itself. AT: "Our army has been completely destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# How long, God, will the enemy throw insults at you? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "God, the enemy has been throwing insults at you for too long!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems as if you will never stop the enemy from blaspheming your name!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# blaspheme your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for God himself. AT: "say that you are bad" or "insult you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why do you hold back your hand, your right hand? + +The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Stop holding back your hand, your right hand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# hold back your hand + +Here the word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "not show your power" or "not use your power to destroy your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your right hand + +"your strongest hand" + +# Take your right hand from your garment + +The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. "Stop hiding your power and take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/012.md b/psa/074/012.md index ce226828f7..d18b25e538 100644 --- a/psa/074/012.md +++ b/psa/074/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This begins a new theme: Asaph is proclaiming God's mighty deeds in the history of his people. -## translationNotes +# God has been my king from ancient times -* This begins a new theme: Asaph is proclaiming God's mighty deeds in the history of his people. -* **You divided the sea by your strength** - The word "You" here represents Yahweh. This sentence shows Yahweh's great power. It may refer to creation of the world or to when the Israelites crossed the Reed Sea. -* **the sea** - AT: "great waters." +Possible meanings are 1) Asaph is speaking as Israel's representative, "God has been our king since we Israelites first became a nation" or 2) "God, my king, was alive even in ancient times." + +# bringing salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with the verb "to save." Here Yahweh saving people is spoken of as if salvation were an object that he brings with him. AT: "saving people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You divided ... in the waters + +Asaph is probably speaking of the time God brought Israel out of Egypt, divided the Sea of Reeds, led Israel through it on dry land, then drowned Pharaoh's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You divided the sea by your strength + +Asaph is speaking of God as if God had a physical body. "You are so strong you were able to make dry land in the middle of the sea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the sea + +"the great water" + +# you smashed the heads of the sea monsters in the waters + +Asaph is probably speaking of Pharaoh and his army as if they were sea monsters. If possible, translate these words literally. AT: "when you killed Pharaoh's army, it was as if you smashed the heads of sea monsters in the waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/014.md b/psa/074/014.md index 558e48c9e8..2482ecc2d8 100644 --- a/psa/074/014.md +++ b/psa/074/014.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] +Asaph continues to speak of what God did long ago. He is probably speaking of when God brought Israel out of Egypt and drowned Pharaoh's army in the Sea of Reeds. If possible, these words should be translated literally. -## translationNotes +# leviathan -* **leviathan** - Leviathan is a sea monster. It represents a cruel enemy. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **You broke open springs and streams** - God provided water for his people in the desert. +Leviathan is a sea monster. It represents a cruel enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You broke open springs and streams + +Yahweh causing springs and streams to flow out of the ground as if he broke open the ground so that they could flow. AT: "You caused springs and streams to flow out of the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/016.md b/psa/074/016.md index f349856b80..d98422eebe 100644 --- a/psa/074/016.md +++ b/psa/074/016.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Asaph continues to recount God's creative power. -## translationNotes +# the borders of the earth -* Asaph continues to recount God's creative power. -* **the borders of the earth - ** - ** AT: "the boundaries of the land and the sea" +"the boundaries of the land and the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/018.md b/psa/074/018.md index 0a78d5152e..b39c454c06 100644 --- a/psa/074/018.md +++ b/psa/074/018.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy|blasphemy, blaspheme]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dove|dove, pigeon]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish, folly]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Asaph is pleading for God's help. -## translationNotes +# Call to mind -* Asaph is pleading for God's help. -* **Call to mind** - AT: "Remember" -* **the life of your dove** - This phrase may reflect the kindness found in the Law, in a general sense. The phrase "your dove" may refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a wild animal** - This phrase may be comparing the enemies of Israel to "a wild animal." AT: "a savage enemy that is like a wild animal." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Pay attention to." See how this is translated in [Psalms 74:2](./001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the enemy hurled insults at you + +Asaph speaks of insulting words as if they were physical objects, like stones, which the enemy was throwing at Yahweh. AT: "the enemy insulted you many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the life of your dove + +Asaph speaks of himself as if he were a dove, a defenseless bird. This phrase may also be a metaphor for the people of Israel. AT: "me, your dove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dove + +A small, defenseless bird often kept as a pet. + +# a wild animal + +This phrase may be a metaphor for the enemies of Israel. AT: "a savage enemy that is like a wild animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not forget the life of your oppressed people forever + +"Do not continue forever to do nothing to help your oppressed people." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Come soon to help your oppressed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/020.md b/psa/074/020.md index 7cbb5b7484..b36f6e86b1 100644 --- a/psa/074/020.md +++ b/psa/074/020.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|dark]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +Asaph continues his lament to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# the dark regions of the land are full of places of violence -* Asaph continues his lament to Yahweh. -* **Call to mind** - AT: "Remember" -* **the oppressed … poor and oppressed** - Both these phrases represents God's chosen people, Israel. +Asaph speaks of "regions" as if they were containers in which one could put "places of violence." AT: "violent people do evil deeds in dark places in the land wherever they can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the dark regions of the land + +The word "dark" is probably a metaphor for a place where bad things happen or for the lands to which the Israelites had been sent in exile, but these words should be translated literally if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not let the oppressed be turned back in shame + +"Do not let wicked people defeat the oppressed and make them ashamed" + +# the oppressed + +These are people who are treated cruelly by powerful people. + +# the poor and oppressed + +The words "poor" and "oppressed" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 35:10](../035/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/022.md b/psa/074/022.md index f8c9324c7f..aa64e4d24a 100644 --- a/psa/074/022.md +++ b/psa/074/022.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# defend your own honor -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"show everyone that you are right" -## translationNotes +# call to mind -* **Do not forget the voice of your adversaries or the uproar of those who continually defy you ** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] ) +"Pay attention to." God has not forgotten how fools insult him, but he does not seem to be thinking about it. See how this is translated in verse [Psalms 2](./001.md). + +# the voice of your adversaries + +The word "voice" is a metonym for the words people use when they speak. AT: "what your adversaries are saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# or the uproar of those who continually defy you + +The psalmist speaks of the words of those who defy God as if they were the loud sound of animals or non-living objects like water or the wind. AT: "and pay attention to the loud and meaningless words of those who continually defy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# defy + +boldly oppose \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/intro.md b/psa/074/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b148b5f97a --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/074/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 074 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 74 is a psalm of deliverance. The people have been completely conquered and they pray for God to deliver them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### God's power ##### +The enemies have destroyed God's temple and are insulting the people. God is powerful. He made everything and he chose Israel for his people. He should avenge himself on these enemies that have burnt his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This is called a "Maschil." The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 74:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../073/intro.md) | [>>](../075/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/075/001.md b/psa/075/001.md index 2a0e520a64..178dff1656 100644 --- a/psa/075/001.md +++ b/psa/075/001.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* 3. See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to Al Tashheth** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:057:001]]. -* **A psalm of Asaph, a song** - “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” -* **all the inhabitants** - "all the people who live on it" -* **make steady the earth's pillars** - "keep the earth from being destroyed" or AT: "keep my people safe" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Selah** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:003:001]]. +The people of God are speaking in 75:1, and God speaks in 75:2-3. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Al Tashheth + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md). + +# A psalm of Asaph + +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in [Psalms Psalm 53](../053/001.md). + +# all the inhabitants + +"all the people who live on it" + +# make steady the earth's pillars + +"keep the earth from being destroyed" or AT: "keep my people safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/075/004.md b/psa/075/004.md index aebefd9022..4bb5189975 100644 --- a/psa/075/004.md +++ b/psa/075/004.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I said to the arrogant ... and to the wicked -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] +The words "the arrogant" and "the wicked" are nominal adjectives that can be translated with nouns. The verb for the second phrase may be supplied from the first. AT: "I said to the arrogant people ... and I said to the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# I said -* 5. The writer begins speaking in 75:6. -* **and to the wicked** - "and I said to the wicked" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Do not be confident ... Do not be so sure** - It would be better to use the same words two times than to make these two lines one. "Do not be confident" is parallel to "Do not be arrogant," and "Do not be so sure" is parallel to "do not speak." -* **with your head held so high** - "arrogantly" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) God is speaking or 2) Asaph is speaking. + +# Do not be arrogant ... Do not lift ... Do not lift up your ... do not speak + +The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Do not lift up the horn + +Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. AT: "Do not be confident" or "Do not boast about how strong you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not lift up your horn to the heights + +Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads as high as they can to frighten other animals. AT: "Be especially sure not to boast that you are greater than God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with an insolent neck + +Asaph speaks of wicked people who defy or challenge God as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. AT: "arrogantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is not from the east ... that lifting up comes + +Asaph speaks of the one who lifts up as if he were the action of lifting up. He also speaks of God giving strength and honor to a person as if God were physically lifting that person up. AT: "The one who will lift you up will not be someone who comes from the east" or "The one who will make you strong and have people honor you will not be someone who comes from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/075/007.md b/psa/075/007.md index c8262694be..1f00d0a9de 100644 --- a/psa/075/007.md +++ b/psa/075/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Asaph speaks about God. -## translationNotes +# he brings down and he lifts up -* Asaph speaks about God. -* **a cup ... of foaming wine ... mixed with spices** - When Yahweh punishes the people they will be like people who have drunk strong wine and become ill. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **foaming wine** - wine with much alcohol (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **spices** - dried leaves or ground seeds +The objects of the verbs can be stated clearly: "he brings some people down and he lifts other people up." The words "brings down" and "raises up" are metaphors for God making people powerful and taking away their power. AT: "he makes one man king in place of another man" or "he takes away one man's power and gives power to another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a cup of foaming wine ... mixed with spices + +When Yahweh punishes the people they will be like people who have drunk strong wine and become ill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# foaming wine + +The foam is a metaphor for the power of the wine to make people drunk, AT: "strong wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spices + +dried leaves or ground seeds + +# pours it out + +pours it from a large container into the cups that the people will drink from + +# drink it to the last drop + +"drink every drop of it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/075/009.md b/psa/075/009.md index ee5879a55c..8e247f83a5 100644 --- a/psa/075/009.md +++ b/psa/075/009.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He says -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +God says -## translationNotes +# cut off all the horns of -* Asaph speaks of himself in 75:9, then relates what God says in 75:10. +The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. AT: "take away all power from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the horns of the righteous will be raised up + +The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. This can be translated as a statement in active form. AT: "I will raise up the horns of the righteous" or "I will make the righteous powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/075/intro.md b/psa/075/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..864d0a3343 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/075/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 075 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 75 is a wisdom psalm; teaching what will happen to evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Punishment ##### +God has warned the evil people that they will be punished. He will strengthen the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 75:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../074/intro.md) | [>>](../076/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/001.md b/psa/076/001.md index 4dfee5eda5..aff7c407a4 100644 --- a/psa/076/001.md +++ b/psa/076/001.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician,** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship," -* **on stringed instruments** - "people should play stringed instruments with this song." -* **A psalm of Asaph, as song** - “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” -* **his dwelling place** - "where he has chosen to live" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# on stringed instruments + +"people should play stringed instruments with this song." + +# A psalm of Asaph + +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote" See how this is translated in [Psalms 53:1](../053/001.md). + +# made himself known in Judah + +"caused the people of Judah to know who he is" or "made himself famous in Judah" + +# his name is great in Israel + +The words "his name" are a metonym for his reputation. AT: "the people of Israel consider him good and powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his dwelling place + +"the place where he has chosen to live" + +# There he broke the arrows of the bow, the shield, the sword, and the other weapons of war + +These words are probably a metaphor for God causing the people of Judah to live in peace without being afraid of enemies making war on them, but the words should be translated literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in ([Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/004.md b/psa/076/004.md index 2729d39371..542be6c131 100644 --- a/psa/076/004.md +++ b/psa/076/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] +Asaph speaks of God as if God was a soldier returning from a mountain after winning a great battle. -## translationNotes +# You shine brightly and reveal your glory -* **You shine brightly** - AT: "You show how extremely great you are" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The bravehearted were plundered** - AT: "Your people killed your enemies' brave soldiers and then took away all their possessions" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **fell asleep** - AT: "died" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The second phrase strengthens the first phrase in that Yahweh's glory relates to Yahweh shining brightly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# You shine brightly + +The words "shine brightly" are a metaphor for being great. AT: "You show how extremely great you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The bravehearted were plundered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your people killed the brave soldiers of their enemies and then took all their possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fell asleep + +Here "fell asleep" is a euphemism for died. AT: "died" or "fell down dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/006.md b/psa/076/006.md index 911902a05f..78917fa4e0 100644 --- a/psa/076/006.md +++ b/psa/076/006.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# At your rebuke -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +The abstract noun "rebuke" refers to saying something in an angry or critical way. AT: "When you rebuked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# fell asleep -* **fell asleep ** - AT: "died" (See: Euphemism) -* **who can stand in your sight when you are angry?** - AT: "No one can stand in your sight when you are angry." or "You can destroy everyone at whom you are angry." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This phrase is a polite way to say that they died. AT: "died" or "fell down dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# who can stand in your sight when you are angry? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can stand in your sight when you are angry." or "You can destroy anyone at whom you are angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/008.md b/psa/076/008.md index 02afb6d17f..ee141da4e0 100644 --- a/psa/076/008.md +++ b/psa/076/008.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# you made your judgment heard -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] +"you pronounced judgment" or "you announced how you were going to punish wicked people" -## translationNotes +# the earth was -* **the earth ** - the people of the earth (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **execute judgment** - "punish bad people and reward good people" +Here "the earth" is a metonym for the people living on the earth. AT: "the people of the earth were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# execute judgment + +"carry out judgment" or "punish wicked people" + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in ([Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/010.md b/psa/076/010.md index 5e24db4b49..ae4a949b09 100644 --- a/psa/076/010.md +++ b/psa/076/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Surely -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +"Surely" is expressing an expectation that what follows will certainly come to pass. -## translationNotes +# your angry judgment against humanity will bring you praise -* **You fully reveal your wrath** - Possible meanings are 1) even Yahweh's judgment that does not cause people to praise him will show that he is angry (see ULB) or 2) those people whom Yahweh does not punish will stop wanting to sin and become his people (see UDB). +Possible meanings are 1) "people will praise you because you are angry at the wicked and judge them" or 2) "people who are angry with you will do things that cause people to praise you." + +# you gird yourself with what is left of your anger + +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as something that he can tie around himself like a belt. AT: "you tie your remaining anger around you like a belt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/011.md b/psa/076/011.md index 88bf042e75..f3622aea6e 100644 --- a/psa/076/011.md +++ b/psa/076/011.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# him who is to be feared -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +"Yahweh, whom they should fear" -## translationNotes +# He cuts off the spirit of the princes -* **him who is to be feared ** - "Yahweh, whom they should fear" +The phrase "He cuts off the spirit" is an idiom that means He breaks the spirit or He humbles. AT: "He humbles the princes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he is feared by the kings of the earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the kings of the earth fear him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/intro.md b/psa/076/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b02f24a8fb --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/076/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 076 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 76 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Yahweh's greatness ##### +God is great. He has conquered all the nations surrounding Israel. Everyone should bring him gifts. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 76:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../075/intro.md) | [>>](../077/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/001.md b/psa/077/001.md index fdf63ab58f..362f1559a6 100644 --- a/psa/077/001.md +++ b/psa/077/001.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **Jeduthun** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:039:001]]. -* **A psalm of Asaph** - “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# Jeduthun + +One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 39:1](../039/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# A psalm of Asaph + +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in [Psalms 53:1](../053/001.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/002.md b/psa/077/002.md index 1b505af5fb..5f76f90d42 100644 --- a/psa/077/002.md +++ b/psa/077/002.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I stretched my hands out -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:comfort|comfort]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +"I prayed with my arms extended" -## translationNotes +# My soul refused to be comforted -* **I groaned ... I grew faint** - The writer wants to strongly say that he was was in spiritual pain and had lost hope. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Selah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:003:001]]. +The "soul" represents the person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I would not allow anyone to try to comfort me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I thought of God as I groaned; I thought about him as I grew faint + +These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# as I grew faint + +"as my spirit grew faint" or "as my spirit was overwhelmed" + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/004.md b/psa/077/004.md index de6dee9fa1..913435b037 100644 --- a/psa/077/004.md +++ b/psa/077/004.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +After speaking about God, Asaph speaks to God in verse 4 and then returns to speaking about God. -## translationNotes +# You held my eyes open -* **You held my eyes open;** - "I said to God, 'You held my eyes open.'" -* **about the days of old, about times long past** - AT: "about things that happened a very long time ago" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"I said to God, 'You held my eyes open.'" + +# held my eyes open + +Open eyes is a metonym for being unable to sleep. AT: "kept me from sleeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the days of old, about times long past + +If necessary, "days of old" and "times long past" can be combined. AT: "about things that happened a very long time ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/006.md b/psa/077/006.md index 04c5349e56..78d8538dee 100644 --- a/psa/077/006.md +++ b/psa/077/006.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I called to mind -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] +This is an idiom for remembering. AT: "I remembered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# what had happened -* **I called to mind** - "I remembered" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **what had happened** - Possible meaning is "what was happening." +Another possible meaning is "what was happening." + +# Will the Lord reject me forever? Will he never again show me favor? + +These two phrases express feeling rejection from the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# show me favor + +"do things that show that he is pleased with me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/008.md b/psa/077/008.md index 0c92481b4b..beaa2042d6 100644 --- a/psa/077/008.md +++ b/psa/077/008.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] +Because Asaph was not sure of the answer to these questions, they are probably literal questions and should be translated literally. -## translationNotes +# Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever? -* **covenant faithfulness ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:013:005]]. -* **Had his anger shut off his compassion** - AT: "Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us" +Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness had gone away. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Had God forgotten to be gracious? Had his anger shut off his compassion? + +These are two expressions stating similar concept of God not showing compassion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Had his anger shut off his compassion + +Asaph speaks of anger as if it were a person shutting a door to keep another person, compassion, from coming out, AT: "Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/010.md b/psa/077/010.md index db331974f0..8ff1de2b4a 100644 --- a/psa/077/010.md +++ b/psa/077/010.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I said -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:almighty|Almighty]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Possible meanings are 1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or 2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# the changing of the right hand of the Most High toward us -* **toward us** - the writer and the people of Israel +The "right hand" is a metonym for power, authority or strength. AT: "the Most High no longer uses his power to help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/011.md b/psa/077/011.md index c0a316dc64..7e48190e0e 100644 --- a/psa/077/011.md +++ b/psa/077/011.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +The writer begins to speak to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# call to mind -* The writer begins to speak to Yahweh. -* **call to mind** - "remember" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **ponder ... reflect on** - "think deeply about ... think carefully about" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +"remember" See how this is translated in [Psalms 74:2](../074/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your wonderful deeds of old + +"the wonderful things you did long ago" + +# I will ponder all your deeds and will reflect on them. + +These two phrases express the concept of meditating on what Yahweh has done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# ponder + +"think deeply about" + +# reflect on them + +"think of what they mean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/013.md b/psa/077/013.md index df0ed59a6a..d17690042f 100644 --- a/psa/077/013.md +++ b/psa/077/013.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] +The writer continues to speak to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# what god compares to our great God? -* The writer continues to speak to Yahweh. -* **what god compares to our great God?** - The writer uses a question to emphasize his praise of God. He means there is no one like God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **gave your people victory ... the descendants** - AT: "gave us, your people, victory ... us who are the descendants" +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "no god compares to our great God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# revealed your strength among the peoples + +The abstract noun "strength" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "shown people from many people groups how strong you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# gave your people victory ... the descendants + +"gave us, your people, victory ... us who are the descendants" + +# gave your people victory + +The abstract noun "victory" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "caused your people to be victorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the descendants of Jacob and Joseph + +This refers to the entire nation of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/016.md b/psa/077/016.md index f76daf6ea8..67ea23dcbf 100644 --- a/psa/077/016.md +++ b/psa/077/016.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The waters saw you ... they were afraid ... the depths trembled -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Asaph speaks of the water as if it were a person who saw something that terrified him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# the waters saw you, and they were afraid; the depths trembled -* **depths** - "deepest water" -* **your arrows flashed about** - "the lightning you made flashed like arrows" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **flashed** - sent bright light in short bursts +"water" and "depth" refers to large bodies of water such as the sea or ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# depths + +"deepest waters" + +# The clouds poured down water + +Asaph speaks of the clouds as if they were people pouring water out of containers. AT: "Much rain fell" or "It rained very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# your arrows flew about + +This is a metaphor that describes lightning as God's arrows. AT: "the lightning you made flashed like arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# flew + +Use your language's word for what an arrow does after someone shoots it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/018.md b/psa/077/018.md index b04a5f5c21..bf8dcbfec1 100644 --- a/psa/077/018.md +++ b/psa/077/018.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# thunderous voice -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +This is personification, referring to the thunder as the voice of God. AT: "voice, which was as loud as thunder" or "very loud voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# lightning lit up the world -* **thunderous** - AT: "very loud" -* **lightning lit up the world** - "lightning lit up everything all around" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **by the hand of** - "by the work of" +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that the lightning lit up everything the writer could see. AT: "lightning lit up everything as far as you could see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Your path ... your way + +These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your footprints + +Asaph is speaking of Yahweh as if Yahweh was a person with feet. While this is personification, it should be translated literally, if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# your footprints were not seen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one saw your footprints" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You led your people like a flock + +This simile compares God's people to a flock of animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# by the hand of + +The phrase "by the hand of" here means "by the action of" or "through the action of." + +# hand + +Here "hand" is synechdoche for the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/intro.md b/psa/077/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..132742e0cc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/077/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 077 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +The author felt abandoned by God. This is a psalm of lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Lament ##### +God used to be close to the psalmist, but now it seems that God has completely abandoned him. Long ago, God took care of Israel and brought the people safely through the sea. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 77:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../076/intro.md) | [>>](../078/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/001.md b/psa/078/001.md index d93e8fd3d0..d2c8b0f62d 100644 --- a/psa/078/001.md +++ b/psa/078/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A maschil of Asaph -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A maschil of Asaph** - “This is a maschil that Asaph wrote.” -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]]. +"This is a maschil that Asaph wrote." See how "a psalm of Asaph" is translated in [Psalms 50:1](../050/001.md). + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# Hear my teaching + +The noun "teaching" can be translated with a verb. AT: "Hear what I teach" or "Hear me as I teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the words of my mouth + +The word "mouth" represents the person. AT: "my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# open my mouth in parables + +The idiom "open my mouth" means to speak. AT: "speak in parables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sing about + +"tell." See how "pours out" is translated in [Psalms 19:2](../019/001.md). + +# hidden things + +If your language has a word for sayings that are purposely difficult to understand, you might use it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/003.md b/psa/078/003.md index 21307cc7ed..c4f9eb6a25 100644 --- a/psa/078/003.md +++ b/psa/078/003.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Verse 3 continues the sentence begun in verse 2. -## translationNotes +# We will not keep them from their descendants -* Verse 3 continues the sentence begun in verse 2. -* **We will not keep them from their descendants** - AT: We will tell our descendants about them" -* **the praiseworthy deeds of Yahweh** - AT: "the deeds of Yahweh that are worthy of praise" or "the things we praise Yahweh for" +This can be written in positive form. AT: "We will certainly tell our descendants about them" + +# the praiseworthy deeds of Yahweh + +"the things we praise Yahweh for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/005.md b/psa/078/005.md index 31744db720..ea7419fbb0 100644 --- a/psa/078/005.md +++ b/psa/078/005.md @@ -1,22 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he established -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:law|law, principle]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] +"Yahweh established" -## translationNotes +# covenant decrees -* **he established** - "Yahweh established" +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/007.md b/psa/078/007.md index e315cad89a..4bd9b70857 100644 --- a/psa/078/007.md +++ b/psa/078/007.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:commit]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* 6]]. +The writer speaks of the "children" of [Psalms 78:5-6](./005.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/009.md b/psa/078/009.md index b370a457d0..f78bba27e5 100644 --- a/psa/078/009.md +++ b/psa/078/009.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The Ephraimites ... day of battle -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim, Ephraimites]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +This is possibly a metaphor for not keeping the covenant (verse 10), but it is best to translate literally. -## translationNotes +# The Ephraimites +"The Ephraimite soldiers" + +# were armed with bows + +The soldiers probably also had arrows. AT: "had bows and arrows for weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/012.md b/psa/078/012.md index b1c24a020b..518b556bf0 100644 --- a/psa/078/012.md +++ b/psa/078/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amazed|marvel, wonder, be amazed, be astonished]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] - -## translationNotes +# land of Zoan +This refers to the area around the city of Zoan, which was in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/015.md b/psa/078/015.md index 2f391bcbd5..da47200cea 100644 --- a/psa/078/015.md +++ b/psa/078/015.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He split -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] +"God split" -## translationNotes +# enough to fill the depths of the sea -* **He split** - "God split" -* **streams** - small rivers +This is probably hyperbole. AT: "more water than they could possibly drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# streams + +small rivers \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/017.md b/psa/078/017.md index 51f95f245e..0a643f2ba1 100644 --- a/psa/078/017.md +++ b/psa/078/017.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They challenged God -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh|Most High]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. -## translationNotes +# in their hearts -* **They challenged God** - They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. -* **in their hearts** - "with their whole hearts" -* **to satisfy their appetites** - "so they could eat as much as they desired" +"with their whole hearts" + +# to satisfy their appetites + +"so they could eat as much as they desired" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/019.md b/psa/078/019.md index 0e190d7294..2e0f1501ba 100644 --- a/psa/078/019.md +++ b/psa/078/019.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They spoke -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] +the Israelites spoke -## translationNotes +# Can God really lay out a table for us in the wilderness? -* **They spoke** - the Israelites spoke -* **Can God really lay out a table for us in the wilderness?** - AT: "We don't believe that God can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!" or "God, prove to us that you can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!" -* **lay out a table** - "provide us with food" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **waters gushed out** - much water came out quickly -* **But can he give bread also? Will he provide meat for his people?** - "But we will not believe that he can give us bread also or provide meat for his people until we see him do it." +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "We do not believe that God can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!" or "God, prove to us that you can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# lay out a table + +The idiom "lay out a table" means to prepare a table for a meal. Here the word "table" is a metonym for the food on the table. AT: "provide us with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# waters gushed out + +much water came out quickly + +# But can he give bread also? Will he provide meat for his people? + +The people are laughing at God to insult him with these questions. AT: "But we will not believe that he can give us bread also or provide meat for his people until we see him do it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# bread ... meat + +food from plants or food from animals. Though this is a merism for all kinds of food, it is best to translate it literally if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/021.md b/psa/078/021.md index 4c45e7520b..ae68198f77 100644 --- a/psa/078/021.md +++ b/psa/078/021.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# his fire burned against Jacob -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The writer speaks of Yahweh's anger as if it were a fire, and of Yahweh acting in anger against Jacob as if that fire burned Jacob. AT: "his anger was like a fire that burned Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Jacob -* **his anger attacked Israel** - "because he was angry, he attacked Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **did not trust in his salvation** - "did not trust him to save them" +This refers to the nation of Israel + +# his anger attacked Israel + +The writer speaks of Yahweh punishing Israel when he was angry as if his anger were a person who attacked Israel. AT: "because he was angry, he attacked Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# did not trust in his salvation + +"did not trust him to save them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/023.md b/psa/078/023.md index bc0399a9d1..2efb5b798c 100644 --- a/psa/078/023.md +++ b/psa/078/023.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# he commanded the skies -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:manna]] -* [[en:tw:manna|manna]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +Asaph speaks of the skies as if they were a person who could hear and obey God's commands. AT: "he spoke to the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# skies -* **skies** - Possible meanings are 1) "sky" (see UDB) or 2) "clouds." -* **opened the doors of the sky** - See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] -* **He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven** - These two lines speak of the same event. -* **He rained down manna** - "He caused manna to fall from the sky like rain" -* **the bread of angels** - This speaks of the manna. AT: "the same kind of food that angels eat." +Possible meanings are 1) "sky" or 2) "clouds." + +# opened the doors of the sky + +Asaph speaks of the sky as if it were a storeroom with doors. AT: "opened the sky as if it were a storeroom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven + +These two lines speak of the same event. + +# He rained down manna + +"He caused manna to fall from the sky like rain" + +# the bread of angels + +This refers to the manna that God provided for the people. The word "bread" represents food in general. AT: "the same kind of food that angels eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# food in abundance + +The abstract noun "abundance" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "abundant food" or "a large amount of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/026.md b/psa/078/026.md index f4461537fa..e369b9e1bd 100644 --- a/psa/078/026.md +++ b/psa/078/026.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He caused -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +"God caused" -## translationNotes +# He rained down meat on them like dust -* **He caused** - "God caused" -* **He rained down meat** - "He caused meat to fall like rain" or "He caused birds to fall like rain so the people could eat them" -* **like dust ... as numerous as the sands of the sea** - There were more birds than anyone could count. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh causing birds to fall from the sky as if the birds were rain that Yahweh caused to fall. He compares the large amount of birds to dust. AT: "He caused meat to fall from the sky like rain, and there was so much of it that it covered the ground like dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# meat + +birds + +# as numerous as the sands of the sea + +No one can count the grains of sand. There were more birds than anyone could count, but this is an exaggeration: there were probably not literally the same number of birds as grains of sand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/029.md b/psa/078/029.md index 5a8ae83c2b..885e2a2a60 100644 --- a/psa/078/029.md +++ b/psa/078/029.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# craved - -## translationNotes - -* **craved** - AT: "strongly desired" -* **But they had not yet filled up; their food was still in their mouths.** - This could be translated as the beginning of the sentence that starts in [[en:bible:notes:psa:078:029]]. AT: "But before they had filled up, while their food was still in their mouths," +"strongly desired" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/031.md b/psa/078/031.md index 4766e4f43f..baeff53ed1 100644 --- a/psa/078/031.md +++ b/psa/078/031.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +while the food was still in their mouths ([Psalms 78:31](./029.md)) -## translationNotes +# God's anger attacked them -* **brought down** - AT: "killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"God was angry and attacked them." See how "his anger attacked Israel" is translated in [Psalms 78:21](./021.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# brought down + +This is a euphemism that means he caused them to die. AT: "killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# did not believe his wonderful deeds + +The word "deeds" is a metonym for God, who did the deeds. What they did not believe can be stated clearly. AT: "did not believe that he would take care of them even though he had done such wonderful deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/033.md b/psa/078/033.md index 477689bd93..68ae4d921d 100644 --- a/psa/078/033.md +++ b/psa/078/033.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror, terrify]] +The writer continues telling of what God did to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# cut short their days -* The writer continues telling of what God did to the Israelites. -* **cut short their days** - "killed them while they were still young" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **earnestly** - "urgently" +Here the word "days" refers to a lifetime. The idiom "to cut short ... days" means to cause someone to die before they have lived a long life. AT: "killed them while they were still young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# their years were filled with terror + +Asaph speaks of years as if they were containers. AT: "year after year they were afraid all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to seek him + +to ask him what they needed to do so he would protect them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# afflicted them, they would ... they would return and look + +These are different people from those whose days God "cut short." When some of them died, others would "start to seek" God. + +# would return + +"would repent" or "would be truly sorry for their sins" + +# earnestly + +"urgently" or "as best they could" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/035.md b/psa/078/035.md index 522eceff30..558ea2a493 100644 --- a/psa/078/035.md +++ b/psa/078/035.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh|Most High]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +The tells of what the Israelites did. -## translationNotes +# call to mind -* The tells of what the Israelites did. -* **flatter him** - "tell him he was wonderful when they did not believe it" +"remember." See how this is translated in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). + +# God was their rock + +The writer speaks about God as if he were a hill or mountain where people could go to be safe from their enemies. AT: "God was the one who protected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their rescuer + +"the one who rescued them" + +# flatter him + +"tell him he was wonderful when they did not believe it" + +# with their mouth + +The word "mouth" is a metonym for the words they spoke using their mouths. AT: "by saying what they said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their hearts were not firmly fixed on him + +Here "hearts" is a metonym for their thoughts. To be loyal to him is spoken of as being solidly attached to him. AT: "their thoughts were not focused on him" or "they were not loyal to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/038.md b/psa/078/038.md index 4b171c2aee..4a7b247aec 100644 --- a/psa/078/038.md +++ b/psa/078/038.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# forgave their iniquity -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +"forgave them even though they had done evil deeds" -## translationNotes +# held back his anger -* **held back his anger** - "decided not to become angry with them" -* **stir up** - AT: "awaken" +Asaph speaks of God's anger as if it were an angry person whom God held onto to keep him from attacking the one who had made him angry. AT: "did not punish them even though he was angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not stir up all his wrath + +Asaph speaks of God's wrath as if it were a sleeping person whom God allowed to sleep and did not awaken. AT: "did not allow himself to become fully angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/039.md b/psa/078/039.md index e0f7e737a5..a94bd12580 100644 --- a/psa/078/039.md +++ b/psa/078/039.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# called to mind -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:holyone|Holy One]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +"remembered." See how "call to mind" is translated in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# they were made of flesh -* **called to mind** - "remembered" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they were** - the Israelites were -* **the barren regions** - "places where nothing grows" -* **they challenged God** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:078:017]]. +The word "flesh," which is weak and then dies, is a metonym for human weakness and death. AT: "the Israelites were weak and would someday die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the barren regions + +"places where nothing grows" + +# they challenged God + +They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:18](./017.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/042.md b/psa/078/042.md index 604c985083..5f0fdd6662 100644 --- a/psa/078/042.md +++ b/psa/078/042.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +The writer speaks of how God had rescued the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# Zoan -* The writer speaks of how God had rescued the Israelites. -* **Zoan** - a city in Egypt (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +a city in Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/044.md b/psa/078/044.md index 53fec283e9..1d093b00f1 100644 --- a/psa/078/044.md +++ b/psa/078/044.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:labor|labor, laborer]] -* [[en:tw:locust]] +The writer describes what God did. -## translationNotes +# swarms of flies -* The writer describes what God did. -* **swarms of flies** - so many flies that it looked like a cloud -* **gave their crops to the grasshopper and their labor to the locust** - "allowed the grasshoppers to eat all their crops and allowed the locusts to eat everything they had worked hard to produce" -* **overran** - AT: "destroyed" -* **grasshopper** - a plant-eating insect with long legs used for jumping +so many flies that it looked like a cloud + +# that devoured them + +The flies made the Egyptians almost as unhappy as they would have if they had eaten the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# gave their crops to the grasshopper and their labor to the locust + +"allowed the grasshoppers to eat all their crops and allowed the locusts to eat everything they had worked hard to produce" + +# overran + +"went everywhere in" + +# grasshopper + +a plant-eating insect with long legs used for jumping + +# He gave their crops to the grasshopper + +Asaph speaks of the crops as a gift that God gave to the grasshoppers. AT: "He allowed the grasshopper to eat their crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their labor to the locust + +"he gave their labor to the locust." Asaph speaks of the people's labor as if it were a gift that God gave to the grasshoppers. The word "labor" is a metonym for the crops that their labor had produced. AT: "he allowed the locusts to eat the crops they had worked so hard to produce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/047.md b/psa/078/047.md index 0cb4437f7a..5b606414af 100644 --- a/psa/078/047.md +++ b/psa/078/047.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:hail]] -* [[en:tw:livestock]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vine|vine]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians. -## translationNotes +# sycamore -* The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians. -* **sycamore ** - a tree that gives fruit -* **lightning bolts** - lightning that makes loud thunder -* **The fierceness of his anger lashed out against them** - AT: "He was angry with them, so he suddenly and fiercely attacked them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **He sent wrath, fury, and trouble like agents who bring disaster** - "He was so angry that he wanted to harm the Egyptians, so he made trouble for them and brought them to disaster" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **fury** - anger that makes someone want to harm others +a tree that gives fruit + +# lightning bolts + +lightning that makes loud thunder + +# He rained hail + +"He brought hail" or "He caused hail to fall" + +# The fierceness of his anger lashed out against them + +Asaph speaks of God's fierceness as if it were a person who could attack another person. AT: "He was angry with them, so he suddenly and fiercely attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The fierceness of his anger + +"His fierce anger" + +# lashed out against them + +"attacked them when they were not expecting anything to happen" + +# He sent wrath, fury, and trouble like agents who bring disaster + +Asaph speaks of wrath, fury, and trouble as though they are people God can send to do his work for him. AT: "He was so angry that he wanted to harm the Egyptians, so he made trouble for them and brought them to disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# fury + +anger that makes someone want to harm others \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/050.md b/psa/078/050.md index fc671b28fa..1352ed86db 100644 --- a/psa/078/050.md +++ b/psa/078/050.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:ham]] -* [[en:tw:ham|Ham]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians. -## translationNotes +# He leveled a path for his anger -* The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians. -* **He leveled a path for his anger** - AT: "He was so angry that he did everything he could to harm them" or "It was as though his anger was an army and he made a smooth road for it to march on." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **spare them from death** - "keep them from dying" or "permit them to live" -* **the firstborn of their strength** - "their best and most important males" -* **in the tents of Ham** - "among the families of Egypt" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The psalmist speaks of anger as if it were a person who could walk Yahweh getting ready to punish the people as if he were making a smooth road for a person to walk on. AT: "He was so angry that he did everything he could to harm them" or "It was as if his anger was an army and he made a smooth road for it to march on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# he did not spare them from death + +"he did not keep the Egyptians from dying" or "he did not permit the Egyptians to live" + +# gave them over to the plague + +Asaph speaks of the plague as if it were a person who was going to harm the Egyptians. AT: "he made them all very ill with the plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the firstborn of their strength + +This phrase refers to the firstborn males of each family. AT: "the firstborn males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the tents of Ham + +Here the word "tents" is a metonym for families. The word "Ham" refers to Egypt by the name of their ancestor. AT: "among the families of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/052.md b/psa/078/052.md index 8bce607fda..5ead3f1c66 100644 --- a/psa/078/052.md +++ b/psa/078/052.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] +The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# like sheep ... like a flock -* The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -* **overwhelmed** - "completely covered" +The writer speaks about the Israelites as if they were sheep. This means God cared for and protected the people like a shepherd does his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# overwhelmed + +"completely covered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/054.md b/psa/078/054.md index c80a75b98a..53c1b551ff 100644 --- a/psa/078/054.md +++ b/psa/078/054.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assign]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# his right hand acquired -* The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. +The words "right hand" are a metonym for power. AT: "he won for himself using his own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# assigned them their inheritance + +Possible meanings are 1) God assigned the Israelites their inheritance in the land in which the other nations had once lived or 2) God assigned to the nations he had driven out an inheritance somewhere else. "gave them land that would always be theirs" + +# in their tents + +Possible meanings are 1) he settled Israel in their own tents in the land or 2) he settled Israel in the tents from which he had driven the other nations. Most of these "tents" were actually houses, both when the other nations lived in them and when the Israelites lived in them. AT: "in their homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/056.md b/psa/078/056.md index 8ad95baa88..6803f2d5c6 100644 --- a/psa/078/056.md +++ b/psa/078/056.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh|Most High]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] +The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# challenged and defied -* The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -* **challenged ... defied** - These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to strongly say that the Israelites did not want to believe that God would either provide for them or punish evil as he had said he would. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **challenged** - See how you translated this idea in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:078:017]]. -* **defied ** - "refused to obey" -* **were unfaithful ... acted treacherously** - These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to strongly say that the Israelites did not do for God what they had said they would do. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not believe that God would either provide for them or punish evil as he had said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# challenged + +They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this idea in [Psalms 78:18](./017.md). + +# defied + +"refused to obey" + +# were unfaithful and acted treacherously + +These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not do for God what they had said they would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/058.md b/psa/078/058.md index f1d0897ad4..890a9d1f43 100644 --- a/psa/078/058.md +++ b/psa/078/058.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous, jealousy]] -* [[en:tw:pagan]] -* [[en:tw:pagan|pagan]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:shrine]] +The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# made him angry with their high places and provoked him to jealous anger with their idols -* The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. +These two phrases are in parallel and have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/060.md b/psa/078/060.md index 0f0e9324f8..1e3bb55ddc 100644 --- a/psa/078/060.md +++ b/psa/078/060.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:shiloh|Shiloh]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] +The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# He allowed his strength to be captured and gave his glory into the enemy's hand -* The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -* **his strength ... his glory** - what was most important to him, the ark of the covenant (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **into the enemy's hand** - to the power or control of the enemy (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Asaph speaks of God's strength and glory as if they were physical objects that people could capture and hold. The words "strength" and "glory" are probably mentonyms for the ark of the covenant. The word "hand" is a metonym for the enemy's power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He allowed his enemies to capture the glorious ark of his covenant; he simply gave it to them so they could do whatever they wanted with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/062.md b/psa/078/062.md index f9ef17a1c7..e461c584ba 100644 --- a/psa/078/062.md +++ b/psa/078/062.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# He handed his people over to the sword -* The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -* **Fire devoured their young men** - AT: "The fire of battle devoured their young men" or "Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) Do not communicate that these people used guns. -* **devour** - eat everything quickly -* **wedding** - the celebration of people becoming married +Asaph speaks of God's people as if they were a small object God would give as a gift, and of the sword, a metonym for death in war, as if it were a person who could receive a gift. AT: "He allowed people to kill all his people in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he was angry with his heritage + +"he was angry with the people he had said would be his forever" + +# Fire devoured their young men + +Possible meanings are 1) "The enemy used fire to kill all their young men" or 2) "Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass." Do not communicate that these people used guns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# devoured + +To "devour" is to eat everything very quickly. + +# wedding + +the celebration when people marry \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/064.md b/psa/078/064.md index e262179fb6..249d81b1a5 100644 --- a/psa/078/064.md +++ b/psa/078/064.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Their priests fell by the sword -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +Here the word "sword" represents soldiers who fought with swords. The phrase "fell by the sword" is an idiom that means to die in battle. AT: "Their priests died in battle" or "Enemies killed their priests with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# their widows could not weep -* **priests fell by the sword ** - "The enemies killed many Israelite priests using swords" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **their widows could not weep** - Possible meanings are 1) someone forced the widows not to weep (see UDB) or 2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals. -* **widows** - women whose husbands have died -* **funeral** - the ceremony when a dead person is buried -* **like a warrior who shouts because of wine** - Possible meanings are 1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or 2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept. +Possible meanings are 1) someone forced the widows not to weep or 2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals. + +# widows + +women whose husbands have died + +# the Lord awakened as one from sleep + +The Lord not acting for a period of time is spoken of as if he were asleep, and his beginning to act is spoken of as if he awakened. AT: "the Lord began to act as if he had awakened from sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a warrior who shouts because of wine + +Possible meanings are 1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or 2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/067.md b/psa/078/067.md index 878610baab..6cf2bd52a6 100644 --- a/psa/078/067.md +++ b/psa/078/067.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary|sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the tent of Joseph -* The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -* **He rejected the tent of Joseph ... and he did not chose the tribe of Ephraim.** - These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to strongly say that it was not Joseph and his descendants with whom God chose to dwell. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Joseph ... Ephraim** - Ephraim was Joseph's son. -* **Judah ... Mount Zion** - Mount Zion was in the land where the tribe of Judah lived. +Here the word "tent" is a metonym for a family. In this phrase it refers to the descendants of Joseph. AT: "the descendants of Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Joseph ... Ephraim + +Ephraim was Joseph's son. + +# Judah ... Mount Zion + +Mount Zion was in the land where the tribe of Judah lived. + +# He built his sanctuary like the heavens + +Possible meanings for this simile are 1) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as high as the heavens. AT: "He built his sanctuary high, like the heavens" or 2) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as permanent as the heavens. AT: "He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the heavens last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like the earth + +The verb may be supplied from the previous line. The writer compares the permanence of Yahweh's sanctuary to the permanence of the earth. AT: "He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the earth lasts permanently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/070.md b/psa/078/070.md index 3f0faa04c4..0026d40d0f 100644 --- a/psa/078/070.md +++ b/psa/078/070.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] +The writer continues to describe what God did -## translationNotes +# from the sheepfolds -* The writer continues to describe what God did -* **sheepfolds** - spaces with walls around them where sheep are kept safe +"from where he was working in the sheepfolds" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] + +# sheepfolds + +spaces with walls around them where sheep are kept safe + +# to be shepherd of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage + +The word "shepherd" is a metaphor for one who leads and protects other people. AT: "to lead and protect the descendants of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his heritage + +"the ones he had chosen to be his forever" See how this is translated in [Psalms 78:62](./062.md). + +# David shepherded them + +The word "shepherded" is a metaphor for leading and protecting. AT: "David led them and protected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/intro.md b/psa/078/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..34f138166e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/078/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 078 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 78 is a wisdom psalm using Israel's history. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's complaining ##### +Although God did one miracle after the other, the people of Israel still complained and failed to believe Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This is called a "Maschil." The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 78:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../077/intro.md) | [>>](../079/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/001.md b/psa/079/001.md index fd4347ae18..9ab0ff1ba8 100644 --- a/psa/079/001.md +++ b/psa/079/001.md @@ -1,40 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:bury|bury, buried]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of Asaph -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of Asaph** - “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” -* **They have given the dead bodies of your servants as food to the birds of the skies, \q the bodies of your faithful people to the beasts of the earth** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in [Psalms 50:1](../050/001.md). + +# your inheritance + +"the land that was to be yours forever" See how this is translated in [Psalms 68:9](../068/009.md). + +# They have shed their blood like water + +The word "blood" is a metonym for innocent life. To shed blood is to kill innocent people. Most people saw water every day, so for blood to be as common as water, many innocent people would have to die. AT: "They have killed so many innocent people that the blood is everywhere, like water after it rains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/004.md b/psa/079/004.md index cfdece9919..caddc6554d 100644 --- a/psa/079/004.md +++ b/psa/079/004.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# We have become a reproach for our neighbors, mocking and derision to those who are around us -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jealous|jealous, jealousy]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:reproach]] -* [[en:tw:reproach|reproach]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The words "reproach," "mocking," and "derision" are metonyms for those whom others reproach, mock, and deride. AT: "We have become people whom our neighbors reproach; those around us mock and deride us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# We have become -* **We have become a reproach for our neighbors to make, mocking and derision to those who are around us ** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **We have become** - The pronoun "We" refers to God's people. -* **burn like fire** - This simile compares the expression of God's anger to a fire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The pronoun "We" refers to God's people. + +# derision + +strong laughter to shame a person + +# How long will your jealous anger burn like fire? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems as though your jealous anger will never stop burning like fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will your jealous anger burn + +The abstract noun "anger" can be stated as "angry." AT: "will you be jealous and angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# burn like fire + +This simile compares the expression of God's anger to a fire that destroys things. AT: "destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/006.md b/psa/079/006.md index 0cc962d6cc..9db641c5de 100644 --- a/psa/079/006.md +++ b/psa/079/006.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +These two pairs of phrases each share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Pour out your wrath on the nations -* These two pairs of phrases each share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **they have devoured Jacob** - This describes the enemies of God's people eating them completely. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Asaph speaks of God's wrath as if it were a liquid. AT: "Since you are angry, punish the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not call upon your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person's power and authority. AT: "do not belong to you" or "do not ask you to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have devoured Jacob + +The word "Jacob" is a mentonym for his descendants, the people of Israel. AT: "they have completely destroyed the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/008.md b/psa/079/008.md index ccde65aff0..f2cd45ec26 100644 --- a/psa/079/008.md +++ b/psa/079/008.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not hold the sins of our forefathers against us -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:forgive|forgive, forgiveness]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +"Do not continue to remember the sins of our forefathers and punish us for them" or "Forgive us for the sins of our forefathers" -## translationNotes +# we are very low -* **against us** - The pronoun “us” refers to God's people, Israel. -* **Help us, God of our salvation, for the sake of the glory of your name; save us and forgive our sins for your name’s sake** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **for your name's sake** - God's name here represents his whole being and the honor that God deserves. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **God of our salvation** - The word "salvation" can be translated with the verb "save": "God who saves us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +The writer speaks of the people being weak and discouraged as if they were in a low position. AT: "we are very weak" or "we are very discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God of our salvation + +The word "salvation" can be translated with the verb "save": "God who saves us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for the sake of the glory of your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for his reputation, for what people know about him. AT: "so that people will know about your glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your name's sake + +God's name here represents his whole being and the honor that he deserves. AT: "so that people will honor you" or "for your own sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/010.md b/psa/079/010.md index e0b5172939..2f7f4f8a72 100644 --- a/psa/079/010.md +++ b/psa/079/010.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Why should the nations say, "Where is their God?" -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "The nations should not be able to say, 'Where is their God?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Where is their God? -* **the blood of your servants that was shed** - The shedding of blood means to wound and even kill. AT: "the killing of your servants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **before our eyes ** - AT: "in our sight" or "while we were present" -* **keep the children of death alive** - AT: "keep alive those who are condemned to die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This taunt can be translated as a statement. AT: "Their God cannot do anything!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# May the blood of your servants that was shed be avenged on the nations before our eyes + +To shed blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Avenge your innocent servants whom the nations killed where we can see you do it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# before our eyes + +"in our sight" or "while we are present" + +# May the groans of the prisoners come before you + +Asaph speaks of the sound made by prisoners in pain and sorrow as if it were a person who appears before a king. AT: "Listen carefully to the groans of the prisoners and help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# children of death + +This is an idiom that refers to people who are condemned to death. AT: "those who are condemned to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/012.md b/psa/079/012.md index e49a24c5bb..81eca15384 100644 --- a/psa/079/012.md +++ b/psa/079/012.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Pay back ... the insults ... Lord -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] +Asaph speaks of the evil deeds that the neighboring countries did against Israel as "insults," and as if they were physical items. He asks the Lord to count those deeds, and for every one that the neighboring countries committed, he asks the Lord to have someone do seven evil deeds to the neighboring countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Pay back -* **Pay back** - AT: "Return" or "Retaliate" -* **into the laps** - AT: "onto their knees and thighs as they are sitting." This means directly and personally. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **we your people and sheep of your pasture will give you thanks forever. We will tell your praises to all generations** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"Return" or "Give back" + +# into the laps + +onto their knees and thighs as they are sitting. This is a metaphor for "directly and personally." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we your people and sheep of your pasture will give you thanks + +The word "sheep" is a metaphor for helpless people whom a shepherd protects and leads. AT: "we who are your people, whom you protect and lead, will thank you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tell your praises to all generations + +"make sure that all generations to come know all the good things you have done" + +# your praises + +This represents the things that people will praise them the Lord for. AT: "continue to praise you for the things that you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/intro.md b/psa/079/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3a60e04826 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/079/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 079 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 79 is a deliverance psalm and a prayer for revenge against their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Destruction ##### +Jerusalem has been destroyed and its people killed. God should destroy these enemy nations who do not pray to him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 79:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../078/intro.md) | [>>](../080/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/001.md b/psa/080/001.md index 159353d1f2..647db8b4ab 100644 --- a/psa/080/001.md +++ b/psa/080/001.md @@ -1,46 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim|cherubim, cherub]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim|Ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:flock|flock, herd]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd, to shepherd]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician,** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship," -* **set to the Shoshannim** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:045:001]]. -* **A psalm of Asaph** - “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” -* **Shepherd of Israel** - The writer is referring to God as the shepherd of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Joseph ** - Here Joseph represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **you who sit above the cherubim** - This phrase refers to above the lid or cover of the ark of the covenant in the temple, the symbolic throne from which God ruled Israel. The gold cherubim were attached to this lid on each end, facing each other. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **stir up your power** - The phrase "stir up" means to "put into action." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* ** shine your face on us ** - This means "come and do powerful things for us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" See how this is translated in [Psalms 4:1](../004/001.md). + +# set to the Shoshannim + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 45:1](../045/001.md). + +# A psalm of Asaph + +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in [Psalms 50:1](../050/001.md). + +# Shepherd of Israel + +Asaph is referring to God as the one who leads and protects Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you who lead Joseph like a flock + +The word "Joseph" refers to the nation of Israel. Asaph speaks of the people as if they were a flock of sheep that Yahweh, who is the shepherd, leads. AT: "you who lead the descendants of Joseph as though they were a flock of sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Joseph + +Here Joseph represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you who sit above the cherubim + +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# shine on us + +Asaph speaks of God as if he were the sun, giving light, a metaphor for moral goodness. AT: "give us light" or "show us the right way to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stir up your power + +The phrase "stir up" means to "put into action." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# make your face shine on us + +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and we will be saved + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "and please save us" or "so that you can save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/004.md b/psa/080/004.md index 356e4b2a6a..0acf7404b0 100644 --- a/psa/080/004.md +++ b/psa/080/004.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# your people -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Israel -## translationNotes +# You have fed them with the bread of tears and given them tears to drink in great quantities -* **your people** - This phrase refers to Israel. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **You have fed them with the bread of tears and given them tears to drink** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) Israel has only had sorrow to sustain them. AT: "You have given them only sorrow for bread and drink" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "bread of tears" and "tears to drink" are metaphors for continual sadness. AT: "You have made sure that they are very sad all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/007.md b/psa/080/007.md index cfd2cf136b..03d2976e0d 100644 --- a/psa/080/007.md +++ b/psa/080/007.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vine|vine]] +Asaph is speaking on behalf of the people of Israel. He begins in verse 8 to speak of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man clearing ground to plant a grapevine. If you need to translate the meaning of the story rather than the story itself, see how the UDB translates it. -## translationNotes +# make your face shine on us -* **shine your face on us** - The psalm writer asks Yahweh to look with favor on the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **You brought a vine out of Egypt;** - AT: "You brought us, like a vine, out of Egypt;" The psalm writer compares the nation of Israel to a vine made ready to transplant. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **you drove out nations and transplanted it. ** - AT: "you drove out nations from their land and gave it to us, the vine, and planted us there." +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 80:3](./001.md). AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You brought a vine out of Egypt + +Asaph compares the nation of Israel to a vine made ready to transplant. AT: "You brought us, like a vine, out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you drove out nations and transplanted it + +The psalmist speaks of his people as if they were a plant that Yahweh was transplanting. AT: "you drove out nations from their land and gave it to us, the vine, and planted us there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/009.md b/psa/080/009.md index f2f3fe3180..0e392a5949 100644 --- a/psa/080/009.md +++ b/psa/080/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cedar|cedar]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates|Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +Asaph continues to speak of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man clearing ground to plant a grapevine. If you need to translate the meaning of the story rather than the story itself, see how the UDB translates it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# You cleared the land for it -* The writer compares Israel as a vine. -* **You cleared the land for it; ** - "You cleared the land for the vine;" (See: Metaphor) -* **and filled the land....to the Euphrates River.** - The writer describes the success of the nation of Israel in occupying the whole land by comparing to a vine that grows far beyond the normal. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **shoots** - These are the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground. +"You cleared the land for the vine" + +# it took root + +"the vine took root" or "the vine began to grow" + +# filled the land + +"its branches covered the land" + +# The mountains were covered with its shade, the cedars of God by its branches + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Its shade covered the mountains, its branches the cedars of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the cedars of God by its branches + +"and the cedars of God were covered by its branches," which copies the verb from the previous sentence. This can be stated in active form. AT: "and its branches covered the cedars of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cedars of God + +Possible meanings are 1) "the highest cedar trees," the cedar trees that grew on the "mountains" in the land of Lebanon north of Israel, or 2) "God's own cedar trees." + +# the sea + +the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Israel + +# shoots + +the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/012.md b/psa/080/012.md index 0c7aadad75..0d5a1221fe 100644 --- a/psa/080/012.md +++ b/psa/080/012.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] +Asaph continues speaking of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man clearing ground to plant a grapevine. If you need to translate the meaning of the story rather than the story itself, see how the UDB translates it. -## translationNotes +# its walls -* The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +walls of stone, not of wood + +# boars + +wild pigs that ruin gardens and farms and attack people. If your readers do not know what these are, use the word for a wild animal that ruins gardens and farms and attacks people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# forest + +land where there are many trees + +# beasts + +wild animals of any kind + +# field + +land where there are many plants but no trees \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/014.md b/psa/080/014.md index fc51d66312..bfed34cbc0 100644 --- a/psa/080/014.md +++ b/psa/080/014.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +Asaph finishes speaking of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man clearing ground to plant a grapevine. If you need to translate the meaning of the story rather than the story itself, see how the UDB translates it. -## translationNotes +# Turn back -* **and take notice** - "and look at" -* **this vine** - The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **This is the root that your right hand planted** - The right hand represents the Yahweh's power and control. AT: "This is the root that you, Yahweh, planted." (See: Synecdoche) +The writer wants God to turn back in order to help them. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Turn back to us" or "Come and help us again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# take notice + +"look at" + +# this vine + +The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This is the root that your right hand planted + +The right hand represents the Yahweh's power and control. AT: "This is the root that you, Yahweh, planted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# shoot + +the part of a new plant that is just starting to grow above the ground. See how this is translated in [Psalms 80:11](./009.md). + +# down; they perish because of your rebuke + +Possible meanings are 1) down; your people perish because of your rebuke." or 2) "down. May your enemies perish because of your rebuke!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/017.md b/psa/080/017.md index 1f3b064437..83417d9252 100644 --- a/psa/080/017.md +++ b/psa/080/017.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your hand -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman|Son of Man]] +This refers to Yahweh's power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the man of your right hand -* **your hand** - This refers to Yahweh's power and control. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the man of your right hand** - This refers to the nation of Israel which Yahweh has chosen as his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **right hand** - The side of a person that is favored and gives honor to the one chosen to stand next to that person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +the nation of Israel, which Yahweh has chosen as his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# right hand + +When a man in Israel wanted to honor another man, he would have that other man stand at his right side, close to his right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we will not turn away from you + +Here "turn away" is a metaphor for rejecting someone. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "we will not stop worshiping and obeying you" or "we will always worship and obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/019.md b/psa/080/019.md index 9a8609461d..05f26b2e49 100644 --- a/psa/080/019.md +++ b/psa/080/019.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# shine on us -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 80:3](./001.md). AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# we will be saved -* **shine on us** - This means to give approval and favor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/intro.md b/psa/080/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4727edd50b --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/080/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Psalm 080 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 80 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +Israel's enemies threaten them. The psalmist asks Yahweh to look down with joy on them, then they will be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The author uses an extended metaphor of Israel as a vine planted by God which is being uprooted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 80:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../079/intro.md) | [>>](../081/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/001.md b/psa/081/001.md index 26342a4543..422442525b 100644 --- a/psa/081/001.md +++ b/psa/081/001.md @@ -1,37 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:feast]] -* [[en:tw:feast|feast]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:lute|lute, lyre]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon]] -* [[en:tw:newmoon|new moon]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* A psalm of Asaph. -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to the Gittith** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:008:001]]. -* **A psalm of Asaph** - "This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." -* **God our strength** - "God who gives us strength" -* **the God of Jacob** - AT: "the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **play the tambourine, the pleasant lyre with the harp ** - These are musical instruments. -* **tambourine** - a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken -* **when our feast day begins ** - "and on the days when our feasts begin" +A psalm of Asaph. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" + +# set to the Gittith + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 8:1](../008/001.md). + +# A psalm of Asaph + +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote" + +# God our strength + +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong." AT: "God who causes us to be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the God of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents all of his descendants. AT: "the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# play the tambourine, the pleasant lyre with the harp + +These are musical instruments. + +# tambourine + +a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the new moon + +This is the beginning of the lunar month. + +# the day of the full moon + +This is the middle of the lunar month. + +# when our feast day begins + +"and on the days when our feasts begin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/004.md b/psa/081/004.md index 42b60ba897..064aacc24d 100644 --- a/psa/081/004.md +++ b/psa/081/004.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For it -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +Here "it" refers to the feast day. -## translationNotes +# a decree given by the God of Jacob -* **it ** - "It" refers to the celebration in verses 1-3. -* **the God of Jacob.** - AT: “the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants.” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **issued it as a regulation ** - "gave it as a law" -* **Joseph ** - "Joseph" is used to represent the nation of Israel. -* **when he went against the land of Egypt, ** - This refers to the historical events in Egypt when the people of Israel were enslaved and God rescued them. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the God of Jacob decreed it" or "the God of Jacob commanded it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the God of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents all of his descendants. AT: "the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# issued it as a regulation + +"gave it as a law" + +# in Joseph + +Here "Joseph" represents all of the Israelites. AT: "to the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# when he went against the land of Egypt + +This refers to the historical events in Egypt when the people of Israel were enslaved and God rescued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the land of Egypt + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/006.md b/psa/081/006.md index 10a4a3658a..b1efc69e07 100644 --- a/psa/081/006.md +++ b/psa/081/006.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:burden|burden]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:test|test]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Here God begins speaking. -## translationNotes +# removed the burden from his shoulder -* **I ** - In these verses, the pronoun "I" refers to God. -* **removed the burden from his shoulder; ** - God removed the forced labor from the people as represented by "the burden." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **his hands were freed from holding the basket.** - The people of Israel were no longer forced to do hard labor represented by "the basket." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **in your distress** - "in your great suffering" -* **I answered you from a dark thundercloud ** - God's presence and glory were represented to Israel in a dark and threatening cloud. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I tested you at the waters of Meribah ** - God tested the children of Israel to see if they would trust him to supply water in the desert of Meribah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here "the burden from his shoulder" represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# his hands were freed from holding the basket + +Here "holding the basket" represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# In your distress + +"In your great suffering" + +# I answered you from a dark thundercloud + +When God came to the Israelites, he hid the fullness of his presence and glory in a dark and threatening cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I tested you at the waters of Meribah + +God tested the children of Israel to see if they would trust him to supply water in the desert of Meribah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/008.md b/psa/081/008.md index 01ce4936f4..5d6fae4d86 100644 --- a/psa/081/008.md +++ b/psa/081/008.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh reminds the people what he said while they were in the desert. -## translationNotes +# for I will warn you -* Yahweh reminds the people what he said while they were in the desert. -* **for I will warn you,** - "because I am giving you a warning," -* **Israel** - The name of the country represents the people (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]). Yahweh talks to the nation as if it was a person (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **if you would only listen to me!** - "but you must start listening to me!" -* **Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it.** - AT: "Tell me what you want me to do for you and I will do it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"because I am giving you a warning" + +# Israel + +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "Israelites" or "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if you would only listen to me! + +"how I wish you would listen to me" or "but you must start listening to me!" + +# Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it + +God taking care of all the needs of the people is spoken of as if he were a mother bird feeding her baby birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/011.md b/psa/081/011.md index 3a37b3b675..5ba9b574f7 100644 --- a/psa/081/011.md +++ b/psa/081/011.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:stiffnecked]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Now Yahweh tells what actually happened after he warned the people. -## translationNotes +# to my words -* Now Yahweh tells what actually happened after he warned the people. -* **So I gave them over to their own stubborn way** - "Therefore, I let them be stubborn" +"to what I said" or "to me" + +# So I gave them over to their own stubborn way + +God allowing the people to remain stubborn is spoken of as if God were giving them over to an enemy to let the enemy harm them. AT: "Therefore, I let them be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/013.md b/psa/081/013.md index a54c75c8bd..f3fa0afbc8 100644 --- a/psa/081/013.md +++ b/psa/081/013.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# oh, that my people would walk in my paths -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] +God wanting the people to obey him is spoken of as if he wanted the people to walk on his paths or roads. AT: "I wish that they would obey my laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# turn my hand against -* **Oh, that my people ... walk in my paths** - The writer makes the one idea in two lines for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Oh, that my people would listen to me;** - AT: "Oh, how I long for my people to listen to me;" -* **oh, that my people would walk in my paths.** - AT: "Oh, that they would obey my laws." -* **Then I would quickly ... against their oppressors** - The writer makes one idea in two lines for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **turn my hand against** - "Hand" represents Yahweh's power. "I would overcome" or "defeat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "I would destroy" or "I would defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/015.md b/psa/081/015.md index d258b50717..f0c5726b38 100644 --- a/psa/081/015.md +++ b/psa/081/015.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# who hate Yahweh ... before him -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:honey|honey, honeycomb]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "who hate me ... before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# cringe in fear -* **cringe** - "bow down" or "crouch low with fear" -* **humiliated** - This means to make one feel ashamed or foolish especially in the opinion of others. +"bow down in fear" or "fall down in fear" + +# May they be humiliated forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I would humiliate them forever" or "I will punish them forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I would feed Israel with the finest wheat + +God causing the best wheat to grow in Israel is spoken of as if he would literally feed the wheat to the people. AT: "I would allow the Israelites to eat the finest wheat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# feed Israel ... satisfy you + +Both "Israel" and "you" refer to the Israelites. + +# honey out of the rock + +This refers to wild honey. Bees would build hives in the holes in rocks and make the honey there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/intro.md b/psa/081/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c25c0c57d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/081/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 081 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 81 is a wisdom psalm. It is meant to be sung at "new moon" and "full moon" ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Obedience ##### +If Israel would obey and worship God, he would destroy their enemies. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 81:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../080/intro.md) | [>>](../082/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/001.md b/psa/082/001.md index 3f9c56985f..060acb5ad8 100644 --- a/psa/082/001.md +++ b/psa/082/001.md @@ -1,32 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:divine]] -* [[en:tw:divine|divine]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] -* [[en:tw:unjust|unjust, unjustly, injustice]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of Asaph -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of Asaph** - “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” -* **renders** - "gives" -* **gods** - Possible translations are: 1) human judges who use their power for their own interests; 2) spiritual principalities and powers such as those that many people are afraid of every day; and 3) the group of gods or elevated beings that many cultures believe. -* **Selah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:003:001]]. +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote" + +# the divine assembly + +"the heavenly council" or "the meeting in heaven" + +# he renders judgment + +"he gives judgment." The abstract noun "judgment" can be stated as a verb. AT: "he judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the gods + +Possible meanings are 1) these are other spiritual beings who dwell in heaven. AT: "the divine beings" or "the heavenly judges" or 2) these are human judges that God has appointed. Either way, it does not mean they are gods like Yahweh is god. It means God has given them great power and authority. AT: "the rulers" + +# How long will you judge unjustly and show favoritism to the wicked? + +Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the gods for not judging people fairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/003.md b/psa/082/003.md index 3ce29d6595..61dccaf6b4 100644 --- a/psa/082/003.md +++ b/psa/082/003.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the poor and fatherless -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] +Here "the poor" and "fatherless" are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are poor and those who are orphans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# maintain the rights of the -* **maintain the rights of the ** - "do what is right for the " -* **destitute** - "very poor people" -* **take them out of the hand of the wicked ** - AT: "stop them from being harmed by the wicked." "the hand of" means "the power and control of" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]])​ +"do what is right for the " + +# the afflicted and destitute + +Here "the afflicted" and "destitute" are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are suffering and those who have nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the poor and needy ... the wicked + +These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are poor and those who are needy ... those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# take them out of the hand of the wicked + +Here the word "hand" represents power or control. AT: "stop the wicked people from harming them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/005.md b/psa/082/005.md index cca17fa9c8..edf5a0b0b6 100644 --- a/psa/082/005.md +++ b/psa/082/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They neither -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:foundation|foundation, founded]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] +Possible meanings are 1) "they" refers to the gods or 2) "they" refers to the wicked people. -## translationNotes +# they wander around in the darkness -* **they wander around** - Possible meanings are "they" means the gods or "they" means the people of verses 3 and 4. -* **crumble** - "fall apart" +Doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were walking in a very dark place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the foundations of the earth crumble + +The gods corrupting the moral order that Yahweh established is spoken of as if the gods were shaking the earth and making it fall apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crumble + +"fall apart" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/006.md b/psa/082/006.md index 8dcd3cf36e..d5c1a3d0ba 100644 --- a/psa/082/006.md +++ b/psa/082/006.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You are gods, and all of you sons of the Most High -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh|Most High]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] +Here "gods" refers to the same group as in [Psalms 82:1](./001.md). Whether this refers to spiritual beings or human beings, they are not gods like Yahweh is God, and they are not literally his sons. By calling them "gods" and "sons of the Most High," Yahweh is acknowledging that he has given them great power and authority. -## translationNotes +# sons of the Most High -* **Nevertheless** - "However" +Yahweh is speaking about himself as "the Most High." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Nevertheless + +"However" + +# and fall + +This is a way of speaking of a person dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/008.md b/psa/082/008.md index bdeaa5b49a..d313ccfe13 100644 --- a/psa/082/008.md +++ b/psa/082/008.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] +The writer is speaking again. -## translationNotes +# judge the earth -* The UDB is clear. +Here "earth" represents the people. AT: "judge the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for you have an inheritance in all the nations + +"for all the nations are your inheritance." Yahweh taking all the people as his own and ruling over them is spoken of as if the nations were a possession that he inherited. AT: "for you rule over all the people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the nations + +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/intro.md b/psa/082/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..454c33475f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/082/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Psalm 082 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 82 is a psalm of judgment against the the leaders of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Favoritism ##### +The leaders of the nations need to protect the poor and needy and not to favor the evil rich people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metonymy ##### + +The leaders of the nations are represented by their gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 82:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../081/intro.md) | [>>](../083/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/001.md b/psa/083/001.md index 8cc4392487..79a1c58818 100644 --- a/psa/083/001.md +++ b/psa/083/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:asaph]] -* [[en:tw:asaph|Asaph]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:head|head]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A song. A psalm of Asaph -* **A song. A psalm of Asaph** - "This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." -* **Look, your enemies are making a commotion, and those who hate you have raised their heads.** - AT: "Look, your enemies are rebelling against you, and those who hate you are threatening your people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote" + +# remain unmoved + +"do nothing to help us" + +# Look, your enemies are making a commotion + +Here "making a commotion" means they are rioting and rebelling. AT: "Look, your enemies are rebelling against you" + +# those who hate you have raised their heads + +The phrase "raised their heads" is way of saying they are rebelling against God. AT: "those who hate you are defying you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/003.md b/psa/083/003.md index d4234edc02..d55b972642 100644 --- a/psa/083/003.md +++ b/psa/083/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# your protected ones -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +"those whom you protect." This refers to the Israelites. -## translationNotes +# the name of Israel will no longer be remembered -* **They have schemed together with one strategy;** - "The enemies have agreed together with one plan;" -* **against you they have made an alliance.** - "they have joined together against __you__." "You" is emphasized here. +Here "name" represents a reputation or the memory of someone. This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever remember the Israelites existed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They have schemed together with one strategy + +"Your enemies have agreed together with one plan" + +# against you they have made an alliance + +"they have joined together against you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/006.md b/psa/083/006.md index 418a2431dc..fe804bb255 100644 --- a/psa/083/006.md +++ b/psa/083/006.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amalekite]] -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:ishmael]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +The writer continues to list the people groups who want to destroy Israel. -## translationNotes +# the tents of Edom -* The writer continues to list the people groups who want to destroy Israel. -* **the tents of Edom** - Tents were their homes so this means the people who lived there. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Hagrites, Gebal** - See how you translate names: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]].) +This refers to the people of Edom who lived in tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hagrites + +This is the name of a people group that lived on the east side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gebal, Ammon, Amalek ... Philistia + +These all represent the people of each area or tribe. AT: "the people of Gebal, the Ammonites, the Amalekites ... the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gebal + +This is the name of a region south of the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/008.md b/psa/083/008.md index 71746d7dbf..6791086a74 100644 --- a/psa/083/008.md +++ b/psa/083/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Assyria -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:lot]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] +This represents the people of Assyria. AT: "the people of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the descendants of Lot -* **the descendants of Lot** - These were the nations of Moab and Ammon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Selah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:003:001]]. +This refers to the people of the nations of Moab and Ammon. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/009.md b/psa/083/009.md index cc0d5f2784..54eee5bb31 100644 --- a/psa/083/009.md +++ b/psa/083/009.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Do to them ... for the earth -* [[en:tw:midian]] -* [[en:tw:midian|Midian, Midianites]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] +The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# did to Midian -* **Do to them...for the earth.** - The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past. (See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Sisera, Jabin** - See how you translate names of people: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]. -* **Kishon, Endor** - See how you translate the names of places: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]] +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. AT: "did to the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Sisera ... Jabin + +These are names of men. Jabin was king of Hazor. Sisera was the commander of Jabin's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kishon River + +This is the name of a river in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Endor + +This is the name of a town in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# became like manure for the earth + +This means the bodies of Sisera and Jabin were not buried but were left to rot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/011.md b/psa/083/011.md index 7ee5c64e1a..3179e4c1e6 100644 --- a/psa/083/011.md +++ b/psa/083/011.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:prince]] +The writer continues to remind God of other enemies he has defeated for Israel in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Oreb ... Zeeb ... Zebah ... Zalmunna -* The writer continues to remind God of other enemies he has defeated for Israel in the past. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah, and Zalmunna.** - See how you translate names: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]. -* **They said** - "They" are Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah and Zalmunna. +These are all names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They said + +Here "They" refers to Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah and Zalmunna. + +# the pastures of God + +This speaks about the land of Israel as if it were land for sheep to graze and God were the shepherd watching over it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/013.md b/psa/083/013.md index 698cf6917f..c485c2e2c0 100644 --- a/psa/083/013.md +++ b/psa/083/013.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +The writer uses similes to describe God's total destruction of Israel's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# make them like the whirling dust, like chaff before the wind -* The writer uses similes to paint a picture of God's total destruction of Israel's enemies. -* **like the whirling dust, like chaff before the wind,** - Both statements compare God's enemies to things that can be blown away by the wind and these combine for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **like the fire that burns the forest, and like the flame that sets the mountain on fire.** - Both statements compare God's enemies to things that can be burned away by forest fires and these combine for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Chase them with your strong wind, and terrify them with your windstorm.** - Both statements ask God to destroy the enemies with storms and these combine for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Both statements speak of God destroying his enemies as if he were a strong wind easily blowing them away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# like the fire that burns the forest, and like the flame that sets the mountains on fire + +Both statements speak of God's punishment as if it were a fire, and the enemies of God are things that burn in the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Chase them with your strong wind, and terrify them with your windstorm + +Both statements ask God to destroy the enemies with storms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/016.md b/psa/083/016.md index a314c06947..e5bb94d335 100644 --- a/psa/083/016.md +++ b/psa/083/016.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Fill their faces with shame -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "faces" represents the whole person. AT: "Make them very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# they might seek your name -* **Fill their faces with shame** - AT: "Make them very ashamed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **may they perish in disgrace.** - "may they die in their shame." +Here "name" represents God's power. God's enemies acknowledging that God is powerful is spoken of as if they are seeking to find Yahweh. AT: "they might acknowledge that you are powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seek your name + +Possible meanings are 1) God's enemies admit that God is powerful or 2) God's enemies are asking God for help or 3) God's enemies start to worship and obey him. + +# May they be put to shame and be terrified forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make them ashamed and terrified forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may they perish in disgrace + +"may they die while they are ashamed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/018.md b/psa/083/018.md index 962895294f..2d6c803464 100644 --- a/psa/083/018.md +++ b/psa/083/018.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then they will know -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can also be stated as the writer making a request to God. AT: "Cause them to know" -## translationNotes +# are the Most High over all the earth -* We think the UDB is clear. +God ruling over everything in the earth is spoken of as if he were elevated higher than everything else. AT: "are supreme, and you rule all things on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/intro.md b/psa/083/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b5f54ebfc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/083/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 083 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 83 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for deliverance from the many nations allied against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Destruction ##### +God should destroy these enemy nations like he destroyed Israel's enemies during the time of the Judges. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 83:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../082/intro.md) | [>>](../084/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/001.md b/psa/084/001.md index 816ec9e56c..d0dcf80e8d 100644 --- a/psa/084/001.md +++ b/psa/084/001.md @@ -1,20 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* **For the chief musician;** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to the Gittith** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:008:001]]. -* **A psalm of the sons of Korah** - "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." -* **lovely ** - "beautiful" -* **I long for the courts of Yahweh, my desire for it has made me exhausted** - "I really want to be in the courts of Yahweh, my desire has exhausted me" -* **whole being** - "flesh" or "whole body" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to the Gittith + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 8:1](../008/001.md). + +# A psalm of the sons of Korah + +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" + +# How lovely + +"How beautiful" + +# I long for the courts of Yahweh + +"I really want to be in the courts of Yahweh" + +# the courts of Yahweh + +Here "courts" represent the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my desire for it has made me exhausted + +"my desire has exhausted me" or "I am tired because I want it so much" + +# My heart and all of my being call out + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I call out with all of my being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the living God + +This means God is living and he also has the power to cause other things to live. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/003.md b/psa/084/003.md index 0113edeb6d..3fabac8829 100644 --- a/psa/084/003.md +++ b/psa/084/003.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# sparrow ... swallow -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +These are types of birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# found her a house -* **sparrow...swallow ** - These are types of birds. -* **where she may lay her young** - "where she may lay her eggs and care for her babies" -* **continually** - "again and again" +"found her a home" or "made her a home" + +# the swallow a nest + +Here the words "has found" or "has made" are understood. AT: "the swallow has found a nest" or "the swallow has made a nest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# where she may lay her young + +"where she may lay her eggs and care for her babies" + +# they who live in your house + +Possible meanings are 1) "they" refers to the priests who permanently serve at the temple or 2) "they" refers to people in general who come and worship at the temple. + +# continually + +"again and again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/005.md b/psa/084/005.md index 7080710ac3..55d0579459 100644 --- a/psa/084/005.md +++ b/psa/084/005.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Blessed is the man -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Here "man" refers to people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## translationNotes +# whose strength is in you -* **highways** - "paths", "ways" -* **pools** - "small areas of water" +God is spoken of as if strength was actually found in him. AT: "whom you strengthen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in whose heart are the highways up to Zion + +This expression is about heart-felt desire. AT: "Who love to go up to Zion" or "Who earnestly wish go up to Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# highways + +"main roads" + +# up to Zion + +The temple was in Jerusalem on the top of the highest hill, called Mount Zion. + +# the Valley of Tears + +This refers to a dry, arid place. Some Bible versions have "the Valley of Baca." The word "Baca" means "weeping." + +# The early rains + +This means the rain that falls in autumn before the cold season. This is during the months of October and November on Western calendars. + +# blessings + +"pools of water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/007.md b/psa/084/007.md index 4a303ceced..215e72e00e 100644 --- a/psa/084/007.md +++ b/psa/084/007.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# They go from strength to strength -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:anoint|anoint, anointed]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This is a way of saying they get stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# They go -* **God, watch over our shield; ** - The writer compares the king to a shield that protects the people. "God, watch over our king;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **elsewhere** - "other places" -* **doorkeeper** - "guard at the door" -* **For one day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Here "They" refers to those who strongly desire to go to the temple to worship God. + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# God, watch over our shield + +The king who protects his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. AT: "God, watch over our king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For one day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere + +This can be stated with the understood information. AT: "I would rather be in your courts for one day than to be somewhere else for a thousand days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a thousand + +"1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# be a doorkeeper + +"be a guard at the door" or "stand at the door" + +# the wicked + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "wicked people" or "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/011.md b/psa/084/011.md index e04541b53e..d42c019c53 100644 --- a/psa/084/011.md +++ b/psa/084/011.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For Yahweh God is our sun and shield -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Yahweh who guides and protects his people is spoken of as if he were the sun and a shield. AT: "For Yahweh God guides us like the light from the sun, and he protects us like a shield" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh will give grace and glory -* **For Yahweh God is our sun and shield; ** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who walk in integrity** - "who walk in honesty." +The abstract nouns "grace" and "glory" can be stated as verbs. AT: "Yahweh will be kind to us and honor us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who walk in integrity + +The way a person conducts their lives or behaves is spoken of as if the person were walking. AT: "who live honestly" or "who are honest" + +# blessed is the man + +Here "man" means people in general. AT: "blessed are those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/intro.md b/psa/084/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e73483bd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/084/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 084 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 84 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Obedience ##### +God blesses all who want to obey him. Praising God in his temple is better than anything else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +##### Similarity to Psalm 42-43 ##### +There are many similarities between these psalms and some scholars suggest they were written by the same people. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 84:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../083/intro.md) | [>>](../085/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/001.md b/psa/085/001.md index 1f272cd573..eac43fbaca 100644 --- a/psa/085/001.md +++ b/psa/085/001.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of the sons of Korah** - "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." -* **You have shown favor to your land.** - Here, “land” refers to the nation and people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of the sons of Korah + +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." + +# you have showed favor to your land + +Here "land" represents the nation and people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# well-being + +This refers to a person being happy, healthy and prosperous. + +# of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents Jacob's descendents, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you have covered all their sin + +Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. AT: "you have deliberately forgotten their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their sin + +This writer thought of himself as belonging to God's people. AT: "our sin" + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/003.md b/psa/085/003.md index c0b4ac0c1c..8ea838d82d 100644 --- a/psa/085/003.md +++ b/psa/085/003.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You have withdrawn all your wrath -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +God no longer punishing the Israelites is spoken of as if wrath were an object that Yahweh could take away from the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# you have turned back from your hot anger -* **You...your** - The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_yousingular]]) -* **us** - "us" refers to the Israelite people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_pluralpronouns]]) -* **You have withdrawn all your wrath; you have turned back from your hot anger.** - The writer uses parallel phrases to emphasize the importance of God's forgiveness. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Will you be angry with us forever? Will you remain angry throughout future generations?** - The writer uses parallel sentences to emphasize the sincere request. AT: " Please do not stay angry at us forever." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +God no longer being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if anger were a fire that God from which God turned away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God of our salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "God who saves us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# let go of your displeasure with us + +Asking God to stop being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if displeasure were an object the writer wants God to let go of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will you be angry with us forever? Will you remain angry throughout future generations? + +The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he is requesting God to stop being angry with them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please do not stay angry at us forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/006.md b/psa/085/006.md index 7adf649409..66d8348939 100644 --- a/psa/085/006.md +++ b/psa/085/006.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Will you not revive us again? -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer uses a question to emphasize his request to God to make the people of Israel prosper and happy again. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please make us prosper again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Show us your covenant faithfulness -* **you...your** - These pronouns refer to Yahweh. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_yousingular]]) -* **Will you not revive us again?** - The writer makes another sincere request. AT: "Please make us prosper again." +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Show us that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# grant us your salvation + +The word "by" can be added to indicate this is how the writer wants God to show his faithfulness to his people. The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "by saving us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/008.md b/psa/085/008.md index d856cc4056..752f230a9b 100644 --- a/psa/085/008.md +++ b/psa/085/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# make peace with his people -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"have a peaceful relationship with his people" or "bring peace to his people" -## translationNotes +# Yet they must not turn again to foolish ways -* **make peace with his people,** - "have a peaceful relationship with his people," or "bring peace to his people," -* **Yet they must not turn again to foolish ways.** - "Yet they must not start doing foolish things again." +A person changing the way he behaves is spoken of as if he were physically turning to a different direction. AT: "Yet they must not start doing foolish things again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Surely his salvation is near to those + +God being ready to save someone is spoken of as if salvation were an object that God has placed near someone. AT: "Surely God is ready to save those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# then glory will remain in our land + +Here "glory" represents God's presence. AT: "then his glorious presence will remain in our land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/010.md b/psa/085/010.md index 0b6cc4d636..d877143fb2 100644 --- a/psa/085/010.md +++ b/psa/085/010.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" are spoken of as if they were persons who meet together. Possible meanings are 1) God has been faithful because of his covenant and has done what he promised to do. AT: "God has been faithful to his covenant and has proven that he is worthy of people trusting him" or 2) God has been faithful because of his covenant and the people have responded by being faithful to him. AT: "God has been faithful to his covenant and people have responded by trusting him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# have met together ... have kissed each other -* **Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together;** - AT: "God will show us both his faithfulness and his trustworthiness." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **Righteousness and peace have kissed each other.** - AT: God has blessed us with both righteousness and peace." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **Trustworthiness will sprout up from the ground,** - AT: "Trustworthiness will sprout forth like a plant," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **victory will look down from the sky -** - ** The writer describes victory as person looking down as God does. AT: "God will look upon us with favor and give us victory." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Most likely the speaker is describing a time in the future when God causes the people to prosper again. AT: "will meet together ... will kiss each other" + +# righteousness and peace have kissed each other + +Possible meanings are 1) the people will do what is right and God will cause the people to live in peace or 2) God will do what is right and will cause the people to live in peace. Either way righteousness and peace are abstract nouns and are spoken of as if they were persons who kiss each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# kissed each other + +This was a common way for friends to greet each other. + +# Trustworthiness springs up from the ground + +The people on earth being faithful to God is spoken of as if trustworthiness were a plant growing out of the ground. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as "loyal." AT: "Here on earth, we will be loyal to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# righteousness looks down from the sky + +The word "righteousness" is an abstract noun, and it is spoken of as a person looking down as God does. AT: "God will look on us from heaven and will act justly towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/012.md b/psa/085/012.md index 61872c8d9e..0ebb5a788a 100644 --- a/psa/085/012.md +++ b/psa/085/012.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Righteousness will go before him and make a way for his footsteps -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God doing what is right everywhere he goes is spoken of as if righteousness were a person who goes ahead of God and prepares a path for God to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# his footsteps -* **Righteousness** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **his footsteps** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "footsteps" represents where God walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/intro.md b/psa/085/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9528f11eca --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/085/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 085 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 85 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessings ##### +God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +##### Group Prayer ##### +Note how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 85:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../084/intro.md) | [>>](../086/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/001.md b/psa/086/001.md index 0a5ab58929..d0573dcc62 100644 --- a/psa/086/001.md +++ b/psa/086/001.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# poor and oppressed -* See: [[een:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **your servant** - David refers to himself as "your servant," that is, God's servant. +"weak and needy" + +# save your servant + +David refers to himself as "your servant," that is, God's servant. AT: "save me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/003.md b/psa/086/003.md index 49bebf5f18..6c9716ab89 100644 --- a/psa/086/003.md +++ b/psa/086/003.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# all day long -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is an exaggeration. David cries out continually, but not literally at all times from dawn to dusk. AT: "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# Make your servant glad -* **all day long** - "continually" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +David refers to himself as "your servant," that is, God's servant. AT: "Make me, your servant" or "Make me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/005.md b/psa/086/005.md index f18154b81b..98c0eee586 100644 --- a/psa/086/005.md +++ b/psa/086/005.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# In the day of my trouble -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"During my times of difficulty" -## translationNotes +# I call on you -* **In the day of my trouble** - "During my times of difficulty" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I call on you, ** - "I pray to you," +"I pray to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/008.md b/psa/086/008.md index ebdde4ffdf..c1ac457364 100644 --- a/psa/086/008.md +++ b/psa/086/008.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# among the gods -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The writer is not acknowledging these other gods exist. He is referring to false gods that people from other nations worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# All the nations +Here "the nations" represent the people. AT: "The people from all nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will honor your name + +Here "name" represents the whole person. AT: "They will honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/010.md b/psa/086/010.md index 1cd41e59c3..c22d42fab6 100644 --- a/psa/086/010.md +++ b/psa/086/010.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# wonderful things -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] -* [[en:tw:reverence|reverence]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"very good things that amaze me" -## translationNotes +# you only are God -* **wonderful things** - "very good things that amaze me" -* **you only are God** - "you are the only God." -* **walk in your truth** - "act according to the true things that you say at all times" -* **with my whole heart** - "with my whole being" +"you are the only God" + +# Teach me your ways, Yahweh. Then I will walk in your truth + +A person who obeys what God wants is spoken of as if he were walking on God's way or road. AT: "Teach me your truth, Yahweh. Then I will obey what you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Unite my heart to reverence you + +Here "heart" represents a person's thoughts, emotions, and motives. Asking God to cause a person to respect him completely is spoken of as if the person's heart were in many pieces and that God unites them together. AT: "Cause me to respect you sincerely with all my heart" or "Cause me to respect you sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will praise you with my whole heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's thoughts, emotions, and motives. AT: "I will praise you completely and sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will glorify your name + +Here "name" represents the whole person. AT: "I will glorify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/013.md b/psa/086/013.md index a53e891beb..fff2dada12 100644 --- a/psa/086/013.md +++ b/psa/086/013.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For great is your covenant faithfulness toward me -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "For you are very faithful to me because of your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# you have rescued my life from the depths of Sheol -* **have risen up against me.** - "are coming together to harm me." +This does not mean God brought him back to life after he died. It means God saved him when he was about to die. + +# the arrogant + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "arrogant people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# have risen up against me + +"are coming together to harm me" + +# seek my life + +This is a way of saying they want to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/015.md b/psa/086/015.md index 11044ee316..f65d96ce22 100644 --- a/psa/086/015.md +++ b/psa/086/015.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# and abundant in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God constantly being faithful and trustworthy is spoken of as if faithfulness and trustworthiness were objects of which God has a large quantity. The two abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives. AT: "always faithful to your covenant and very worthy of people trusting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Turn toward me -* **abundant in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness. ** - "constantly showing yourself to be faithful and trustworthy." -* **Turn toward me ** - "Show yourself to me" -* **give your strength to your servant; save the son of your servant woman.** - David refers to himself as "your servant" and "the son of your servant woman." AT: "Strengthen and save me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Asking God to consider him is spoken of as if he wanted God to turn and look at him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# give your strength to your servant + +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as a verb or an adjective. AT: "strengthen your servant" or "make your servant strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your servant ... the son of your servant woman + +The writer is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/intro.md b/psa/086/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc825b7c1c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/086/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 086 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 86 is a deliverance psalm. He is praying for deliverance from his many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +God has blessed the psalmist and is so loving to him. He has been one of God's servants. Now he needs God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 86:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../085/intro.md) | [>>](../087/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/087/001.md b/psa/087/001.md index 0158b089ef..eb1f9439e4 100644 --- a/psa/087/001.md +++ b/psa/087/001.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of the sons of Korah; a song -* **A psalm of the sons of Korah; a song** - "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." -* **The Lord's city** - This refers to Jerusalem. -* **established** - The Lord built this city on the holy mountain. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **gates of Zion ** - "city of Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **tents of Jacob.** - The people lived in tents while they wandered in the desert. Now the writer uses that idea to describe where they live. AT: "dwelling places of the Israelites." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" + +# gates of Zion + +Here "gates of Zion" represents the entire city of Jerusalem. AT: "city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the tents of Jacob + +The people lived in tents while they wandered in the desert. Here the writer uses "tents of Jacob" to represent where the Israelites live now. AT: "any of the other dwelling places of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Glorious things are said of you, city of God + +The writer speaks to the city of Jerusalem as if it were listening to him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You people in Jerusalem, other people say wonderful things about your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/087/004.md b/psa/087/004.md index 5cafde4854..ad3028593a 100644 --- a/psa/087/004.md +++ b/psa/087/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I mention -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] +"I tell about." Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Rahab and Babylon -* **I mention** - "I tell about" -* **to my followers.** - "to those who worship God." -* **Rahab** - This is a name that is sometimes used to refer to Egypt. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **This one was born there.** - "This one" refers to the nations the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. +Here "Rahab" is a poetic way of referring to Egypt. Both "Rahab" and "Babylon" represent the people. AT: "the people of Egypt and Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to my followers + +"to those who worship me" + +# Philistia, and Tyre, along with Cush + +The names of these nations represent the people. AT: people from Philistia and Tyre, along with people from Cush" + +# This one was born there + +"This one" refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/087/005.md b/psa/087/005.md index aa28017c13..134d49ac8a 100644 --- a/psa/087/005.md +++ b/psa/087/005.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Of Zion it will be said -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh|Most High]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will say about Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Each of these was born in her -* **these were born in her** - AT: "these had their beginning in Zion" -* **the Most High himself** - The writer uses a reflexive pronoun to emphasize that it is the Most High who is doing this. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_rpronouns]]) -* **Yahweh notes** - "Yahweh counts" or "Yahweh pays special attention" -* **This one was born there.** - See the Translation Note for verse 4. (God knows those who belong to him.) +People from other nations that worship Yahweh are spoken of as if they were born in Jerusalem. AT: "It is as though all of these people were born in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in her + +It was common to refer to cities as "her." AT: "in Jerusalem" or "in Zion" + +# the Most High himself + +The writer uses the reflexive pronoun "himself" to emphasize that it is the Most High who is doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# will establish her + +"will make Jerusalem strong" + +# Yahweh writes in the census book of the nations + +Yahweh acknowledging that the people from other nations belong to him is spoken of as if he were a king writing down the names of the people who live in his city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This one was born there + +"This one" refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. See how you translated this in [Psalms 87:4](./004.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/087/007.md b/psa/087/007.md index 7bd8007a6e..29b28ec239 100644 --- a/psa/087/007.md +++ b/psa/087/007.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# All my fountains are in you -* [[en:tw:fountain]] - -## translationNotes - -* We think the UDB makes the ULB clear. +Jerusalem being a place where people receive all their blessings is spoken of as if Jerusalem were a spring that provided water to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/087/intro.md b/psa/087/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b722d687e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/087/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 087 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 87 is a psalm about Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pride ##### +People will be proud to have been born in Jerusalem. + +##### Psalms about Jerusalem ##### + +Psalm 46, 48, and 76 are part of a group of psalms that celebrate Jerusalem. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 87:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../086/intro.md) | [>>](../088/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/001.md b/psa/088/001.md index c2c4c469a7..ea1f2f5e04 100644 --- a/psa/088/001.md +++ b/psa/088/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:korah]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A song, a psalm of the sons of Korah -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song, a psalm of the sons of Korah;** - "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote;" -* **for the chief musician;** - "this is for the director of music to use in worship;" -* **set to the Mahalath Leannoth style** - This may refer to a style of music. -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]]. +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" + +# for the chief musician + +"this is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to the Mahalath Leannoth style + +This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# Heman + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Ezrahite + +This is the name of a people group. It may refer to a son or descendant of Zerah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# God of my salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "you are the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# day and night + +The writer uses these words with opposite meanings to say that he cries out continually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/003.md b/psa/088/003.md index 19f3f976e7..2f3c26d62a 100644 --- a/psa/088/003.md +++ b/psa/088/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For I am filled with troubles -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hades|hades, sheol]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +The writer speaks of himself as if he were a container and troubles are the contents that fill the container. AT: "For I am very troubled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my life has reached Sheol -* **like those who go down into the pit** - AT: "as they treat those who are about to die" +Here "life" represents the writer. And "Sheol" represents death. The writer speaks about himself possibly dying soon as if Sheol were a place and he has arrived at that place. AT: "I am about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# People treat me like those who go down into the pit + +The word "pit" means the same as "Sheol." The phrase "go down into the pit" represents dying. AT: "people treat me like I have already died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/005.md b/psa/088/005.md index e89df2958e..3145d32a48 100644 --- a/psa/088/005.md +++ b/psa/088/005.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I am abandoned among the dead -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] +People treating the writer as if he were already dead is spoken of as if he were a corpse that they left unburied. AT: I am left alone as if I were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I am like the dead who lie in the grave -* **I am abandoned among the dead** - AT: I am left alone as if I were dead" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **about whom you care no more** - AT: "who no longer receive your care" or "people you have stopped caring about" +The writer feeling like people and God have abandoned him speaks about himself as if he were already a dead person lying in a grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the dead who lie + +The nominal adjective "the dead" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "a dead person who lies" or "dead people who lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# about whom you care no more + +"who no longer receive your care" or "people you have stopped caring about" + +# they are cut off from your power + +God no longer using his power to help dead people is spoken of as if God literally cut him off or removed him from his power. AT: "you no longer use your power to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You place me in the lowest part of the pit, in the dark and deep places + +The writer feeling like God has abandoned him speaks about himself as if God has put the him in the deepest and darkest grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/007.md b/psa/088/007.md index 90c83216a9..e6ed3729cd 100644 --- a/psa/088/007.md +++ b/psa/088/007.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Your wrath lies heavy on me -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God's wrath were a heavy object lying on top of the writer. AT: "I feel your great anger" or "I feel how very angry you are with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# all your waves crash over me -* **Your wrath lies heavy on me** - AT: "I feel your great anger" or "I feel how very angry you are with me" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God's anger were large waves rising up from the sea then landing on the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/008.md b/psa/088/008.md index d1b43e039d..10808622a9 100644 --- a/psa/088/008.md +++ b/psa/088/008.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# my acquaintances +"those who know me" -## translationNotes +# You have made me a shocking sight to them -* **my acquaintances** - "those who know me" -* **You have made me a shocking sight to them** - AT: "You have made me a disgusting sight to them" or "Because of you, they are shocked when they see me" -* **I am hemmed in** - "I am surrounded" +"You have made me a disgusting sight to them" or "Because of you, they are shocked when they see me" + +# I am hemmed in + +The writer's physical condition that makes him repulsive to his friends is spoken of as if he were in closed into a confining space. AT: "It is as though I were in a prison" or "I am trapped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/009.md b/psa/088/009.md index f8bb6cbbfa..95b6a4a3a7 100644 --- a/psa/088/009.md +++ b/psa/088/009.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# My eyes grow weary from trouble -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "eyes" represents a person's ability to see. For his eyes to grow weary from trouble is a way of saying that he his troubles cause him to cry so much that it is hard for him to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I spread out my hands to you -* **weary** - "tired" -* **I spread out my hands to you** - "I lift up my hands to you." This is an action that shows that he totally depends on God. -* **Will you do wonders for the dead?** - "You do not do wonders for dead people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Will those who have died rise and praise you?** - "You know that those who have died will not stand up and praise you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"I lift up my hands to you." This is an action that shows that he totally depends on God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Will you do wonders for the dead? + +The writer uses a question to emphasize that if God lets him die then God will no longer be able to do wonderful things for him. AT: "You do not do wonders for dead people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will those who have died rise and praise you? + +The writer uses a question to emphasize that if God lets him die then he will not be able to praise God any longer. AT: "You know that those who have died will not stand up and praise you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/011.md b/psa/088/011.md index a99bb812d6..fb16336c44 100644 --- a/psa/088/011.md +++ b/psa/088/011.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Will your covenant faithfulness be proclaimed in the grave, your loyalty in the place of the dead? -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Both questions mean the same thing. The writer uses questions to emphasize that a dead person is not able to praise God's faithfulness. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "loyalty" can be translated as adjectives. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Nobody will proclaim your covenant faithfulness or loyalty from the grave." or "Nobody will proclaim from the grave that you are faithful to your covenant and loyal to your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the grave ... the place of the dead ... in the darkness ... the place of forgetfulness -* **Will your covenant faithfulness be proclaimed in the grave, your loyalty in the place of the dead?** - AT: "Nobody will proclaim your covenant faithfulness or loyalty from the grave." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] ) -* **your loyalty in the place of the dead?** - This can be translated as a separate sentence. "Will your loyalty be proclaimed in the place of the dead?" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Will your wonderful deeds be known in the darkness, or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness?** - AT: "People will not talk about your wonderful deeds and righteousness in the dark place of the forgotten dead." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness?** - This can be translated as a separate sentence. "Will your righteousness be known in the place of forgetfulness?" or "Those who are in the place of forgetfulness will not know about the righteous things you do" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and )) +All of these represent the place where people go after they die. + +# your loyalty in the place of the dead? + +This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "Will your loyalty be proclaimed in the place of the dead?" or "Those who are dead will not proclaim your loyalty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will your wonderful deeds be known in the darkness, or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness? + +Both questions mean the same thing. The writer uses questions to emphasize that those who are dead are not able to experience or proclaim the great things God does. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will not talk about your wonderful deeds and righteousness in the dark place of the forgotten dead." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness? + +This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "Will your righteousness be known in the place of forgetfulness?" or "Those who are in the place of forgetfulness will not know about the righteous things you do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/013.md b/psa/088/013.md index e5b7abbcf8..b5c905d280 100644 --- a/psa/088/013.md +++ b/psa/088/013.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# my prayer comes before you -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer praying to Yahweh is spoken of as if the prayer itself goes to speak with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Why do you hide your face from me? -* There are no notes for these verses. +This speaks of the writer feeling like God has rejected or abandoned him as if God were hiding his face or physically turning away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/015.md b/psa/088/015.md index d1e0c85533..bfe8c06b4f 100644 --- a/psa/088/015.md +++ b/psa/088/015.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Your angry actions have passed over me -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This speaks of God punishing the writer as if God's actions are a large wave rising out of the sea that fall on and crush the writer. AT: "It is as if your angry actions crush me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# your terrifying deeds have annihilated me -* **I have always been afflicted and on the verge of death** - AT: "I have constantly felt afflicted and close to dying" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **I can do nothing** - AT: "I am in despair" -* **Your angry actions have passed over me** - AT: "What you do to because of your anger crushes me" or "It is as if your angry actions crush me" -* **your terrifying deeds have annihilated me** - AT: "the terrifying things you do have destroyed me" or "The terrifying things you do have almost destroyed me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This exaggeration speaks about God punishing the writer as if God has completely destroyed the writer. AT: "the terrifying things you do have destroyed me" or "the terrifying things you do have almost destroyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/017.md b/psa/088/017.md index d6ffff6a43..204f5e6a0f 100644 --- a/psa/088/017.md +++ b/psa/088/017.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They surround me like water all the day long -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] +The writer compares God's "angry actions" and "terrifying deeds" to a flood of water. AT: "All day long they threaten to destroy me like a flood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# They -* **They** - The word "They" refers to God's terrifying acts of anger. -* **They surround me like water all the day long** - AT: "All day long they threaten to destroy me like a flood" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **they have all encircled me** - AT: "They have surrounded me like enemy soldiers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **every friend and acquaintance** - AT: "every person I love, or even know slightly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **My only acquaintance is the darkness** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The word "They" refers to God's "angry actions" and "terrifying deeds" from the previous verse. + +# they have all encircled me + +The writer speaks of God's "angry actions" and "terrifying deeds" as if they were enemies who were trying to capture and kill him. AT: "they have surrounded me like enemy soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every friend and acquaintance + +"every person I love and know" + +# My only acquaintance is the darkness + +This speaks about darkness as if it were a person that could be friends with someone else. The writer is emphasizing that he feels completely alone. AT: "Everywhere I go it is dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/intro.md b/psa/088/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ecb582e0cd --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/088/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 088 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 88 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Abandon ##### +Ever since he was a child, the psalmist has been sick, and now all his friends have abandoned him. If he dies he cannot testify about God's healing. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 88:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../087/intro.md) | [>>](../089/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/001.md b/psa/089/001.md index 28d5c2dc52..21192a2f93 100644 --- a/psa/089/001.md +++ b/psa/089/001.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A maschil -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]]. -* **Ethan the Ezrahite** - The name of the writer and his clan. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **covenant faithfulness** - "promises of faithful love" +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# Ethan + +This is the name of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Ezrahite + +This is the name of a people group. It may refer to a son or descendant of Zerah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# acts of covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "faithful acts" or "loving acts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Covenant faithfulness has been established forever + +God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will always be faithful because of your covenant with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your truthfulness you have established in the heavens + +God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the heavens + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to God's dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or 2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God's promises are as constant and permanent as the sky . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/003.md b/psa/089/003.md index 83b88a1113..fea0b39fd5 100644 --- a/psa/089/003.md +++ b/psa/089/003.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I have made a covenant with my chosen one -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] +You can make explicit that "chosen one" refers to David. AT: "I made a promise to David, the one I chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# I have made -* **"I have made a covenant with my chosen one,** - AT: "I made a promise to David, the one I chose," -* **establish your throne** - God is promising that there will always be a ruler from the house of David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh is speaking in 89:3-4. + +# I will establish your descendants forever + +Yahweh always causing one of David's descendants to be king is spoken of as if David's descendants are a building that Yahweh will build and make firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will establish your throne through all generations + +Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. The psalmist speaks of God promising that one of David's descendants will always rule as king as if God will build David's throne and make it firm. AT: "I will make sure that one of your descendants will rule as king over every generation of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/005.md b/psa/089/005.md index 582b532f89..48c3e7b94f 100644 --- a/psa/089/005.md +++ b/psa/089/005.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The heavens praise -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:holyone|Holy One]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Here "heavens" represents those who are in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# praise your wonders, Yahweh -* **your truthfulness is praised in the assembly of the holy ones.** - AT: "The assembly of the holy ones praises your truthfulness." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For who in the skies can be compared to Yahweh? Who among the sons of the gods is like Yahweh?** - The writer is saying that there is no one in heaven or on earth like Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"praise you, Yahweh, because of the wonderful things you do" + +# your truthfulness is praised in the assembly of the holy ones + +The abstract noun "truthfulness" can be stated as "you always do what you promise to do." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "The assembly of the holy ones praises you because you always do what you promise to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the assembly of the holy ones + +This refers to the angels in heaven. + +# For who in the skies can be compared to Yahweh? Who among the sons of the gods is like Yahweh? + +Both questions mean the same thing. The writer is using question to emphasize that there in no one in heaven like Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# sons of the gods + +Here "sons of" means having the characteristics of. This is a way of referring to other spiritual beings that live in heaven. AT: "angels" or "divine beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/007.md b/psa/089/007.md index e8562473f3..b8b237e990 100644 --- a/psa/089/007.md +++ b/psa/089/007.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He is a God who is greatly honored in the council of the holy ones -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:awe|awe, awesome]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:council|council]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The council of the holy ones greatly honors God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the council of the holy ones -* **the council of the holy ones** - AT: "the gathering of heavenly beings" -* **who is strong like you, Yahweh?** - The writer asks the question to emphasize there is no one like Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Your truthfulness surrounds you.** - AT: "Your faithfulness surrounds you." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"the gathering of heavenly beings" or "the gathering of angels" + +# who is strong like you, Yahweh? + +The writer asks the question to emphasize there is no one as strong as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Your truthfulness surrounds you + +Yahweh always dong what he promises to do is spoken of as if his truthfulness were a cloak or garment that wraps around him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/009.md b/psa/089/009.md index 2649ecc7bd..f29616ba42 100644 --- a/psa/089/009.md +++ b/psa/089/009.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You rule the raging sea -* [[en:tw:water]] +"You control the raging sea" -## translationNotes +# You crushed Rahab as one who is killed -* **You crushed Rahab as one who is killed.** - "Rahab" is another word for "Egypt." AT: "You crushed proud Egypt almost to death." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **with your strong arm.** - AT: "with your great power." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "Rahab" here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with your strong arm + +Here "arm" represents power. AT: "with your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/011.md b/psa/089/011.md index ce31adbdcc..1ac9a4564e 100644 --- a/psa/089/011.md +++ b/psa/089/011.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the north and the south -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creation|create, creation, Creator]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] +The writer uses the words "north" and "south" together to mean that God created everything everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# Tabor and Hermon rejoice in your name -* **Tabor and Hermon rejoice in your name.** - Tabor is a mountain on the west side of Israel and Hermon is a mountain on the east side. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Tabor is a mountain southwest of the sea of Galilee and Hermon is a mountain northeast of the sea of Galilee. The writer describes these mountains as if they were persons who could rejoice. AT: "It is as if Mount Tabor and Mount Hermon were rejoicing in your name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" represents the whole person. AT: "in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/013.md b/psa/089/013.md index 05fc2b3cd3..4d24a420fc 100644 --- a/psa/089/013.md +++ b/psa/089/013.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You have a mighty arm and a strong hand, and your right hand is high -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:foundation|foundation, founded]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +The words "mighty arm," "strong hand," and "right hand" all represent God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# right hand is high -* **You have a mighty arm and a strong hand, and your right hand is high.** - God, who is a spirit, is described as if he has a physical body and is very mighty, strong and powerful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Righteousness and justice** - These writer compares these ideas to a foundation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **throne** - The throne is a symbol of God's rule. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +To raise the right hand high into the air is a gesture that indicates power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Righteousness and justice are the foundation of your throne + +God ruling as king and doing what is right and just is spoken of as if God's throne were a building, and righteousness and justice were its foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your throne + +The throne represents God's rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness come before you + +God always being faithful and doing what he promises to do is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness come and meet with God. The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives. AT: "You are always faithful to your covenant and are worthy of people trusting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/015.md b/psa/089/015.md index 7e31b274af..48ec590be5 100644 --- a/psa/089/015.md +++ b/psa/089/015.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# who worship you -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "worship" implies shouting and blowing horns. These were common acts of worship during Israelite festivals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# they walk -* **Blessed are the people who worship you!** - AT: "Blessed are the people who worship you with joyful shouts!" +Here people living their lives is spoken of as if they were walking. AT: "they live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the light of your face + +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "knowing that you act favorably towards them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" represents the person. AT: "in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in your righteousness they exalt you + +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "they exalt you because you always do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/017.md b/psa/089/017.md index e1b916dabd..c036688fa5 100644 --- a/psa/089/017.md +++ b/psa/089/017.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You are their majestic strength -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:majesty|majesty]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:shield|shield]] +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "You make them wonderfully strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# You are their -* **For our shield belongs to Yahweh;** - The Bible refers to God as a protective shield for his people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "their" refers to the Israelites. The writer would have included himself as a member of the Israelites. AT: "You are our" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we are victorious + +Here "we" refers to the writer and the Israelites but not to Yahweh, to whom he speaks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# For our shield belongs to Yahweh + +The king who protects his people and whom Yahweh chose is spoken of as if he were a shield that belongs to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/019.md b/psa/089/019.md index 98c00b223f..5cfc81c2b4 100644 --- a/psa/089/019.md +++ b/psa/089/019.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +The writer assumes that the reader knows the history of how David became the chosen king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# I have set a crown on a mighty one -* The writer assumes that the reader knows the history of how David became the chosen king. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **My hand will support him; my arm will strengthen him.** - "Hand" and "arm" both means the power and control of Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **son of wickedness** - The writer refers to those who have the nature or character of wickedness as "sons of wickedness." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +To place a crown on a person's head is a sign of making him king. AT: "I have made a mighty man king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set a crown on a mighty one + +Some Bible translations have "given strength to a mighty one" or "helped a mighty one." + +# I have raised up one chosen from among the people + +Here "raised up" means appointed. It is implied that God chose this person to be king. AT: "I have chosen one from among the people to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with my holy oil have I anointed him + +Here to pour oil on someone's head is a sign that God is appointing the person to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# My hand will support him; my arm will strengthen him + +Here "hand" and "arm" both means the power and control of Yahweh. AT: "I will support him and make him strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# son of wickedness + +The writer refers to those who have the nature or character of wickedness as "sons of wickedness." AT: "wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/024.md b/psa/089/024.md index bb859fb92f..a7dff5b2d2 100644 --- a/psa/089/024.md +++ b/psa/089/024.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Yahweh continues speaking about David. -## translationNotes +# My truth and my covenant faithfulness will be with him -* **by my name he will be victorious.** - "by my name" means the reputation of Yahweh. AT: "I, God, will bring you victory." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **I will place his hand over the sea and his right hand over the rivers.** - The second line adds emphasis to the first one. AT: "I will give him authority over the sea and the rivers." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the rock of my salvation** - The writer is saying that God is as strong and solid as a rock. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +God always being loyal and doing what he promises for David is spoken of as if truth and faithfulness were objects that would be with David. The abstract nouns "truth" and "faithfulness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "I will always be truthful with him and I will always act faithfully towards him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# by my name he will be victorious + +Here "name" represents God' power. AT: "I, God, will cause him to be victorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will place his hand over the sea and his right hand over the rivers + +Here "hand" and "right hand" represent power and authority. Here "the sea" seems to refer to the Mediterranean Sea west of Israel, and "rivers" refers to the Euphrates river in the east. This means David will have authority over everything from the sea to the river. AT: "I will give him authority over everything from the Mediterranean sea to the Euphrates river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# He will call out to me, 'You are my Father, my God, and the rock of my salvation.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "He will say that I am his Father, his God, and the rock of his salvation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# the rock of my salvation + +Yahweh protecting and saving David is spoken of as if Yahweh were a high rock that David could stand on top of for protection from enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/027.md b/psa/089/027.md index e0a75e90e1..4e9781149d 100644 --- a/psa/089/027.md +++ b/psa/089/027.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Yahweh continues speaking about David. -## translationNotes +# I also will place him as my firstborn son -* **his throne** - This refers to David's kingdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Yahweh giving David special rank and privileges over all other people is spoken of as if David would be Yahweh's firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will extend my covenant faithfulness to him forever + +Yahweh speaks of continuing to act faithfully towards David is spoken of as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness were an object that he extends or makes longer. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "I will continue to act faithfully towards him forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his throne as enduring as the skies above + +Someone from David's family always ruling as king is spoken of as if his his throne would last as long as the sky will last. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# his throne + +Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/030.md b/psa/089/030.md index 410bdc95e4..d34d1f1836 100644 --- a/psa/089/030.md +++ b/psa/089/030.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# his children -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] +"David's descendants" -## translationNotes +# punish their rebellion with a rod -* **his children ** - "David's descendants" or "God's people of Israel" +God punishing David's descendants is spoken of as if he would hit them with a rod. The abstract noun "rebellion" can be stated as a verb. AT: "punish them for rebelling against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# their iniquity with blows + +God punishing David's descendants is spoken of as if God would literally hit them. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "I will punish them because they sinned against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/033.md b/psa/089/033.md index 50b34ddffd..1199d86b3e 100644 --- a/psa/089/033.md +++ b/psa/089/033.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I will not remove my steadfast love from him or be unfaithful to my promise -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I will always love David, and I will do what I promised to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# the words of my lips -* **him** - "David" or "David or his descendants". (See verses 35-36.) -* **the words of my lips** - "Lips" represent the whole mouth and the speaking that comes from it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "lips" represent the whole mouth and the person speaking. AT: "what I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/035.md b/psa/089/035.md index b52bf527fe..a857fc5fa5 100644 --- a/psa/089/035.md +++ b/psa/089/035.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# I have sworn by my holiness -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Yahweh uses his holiness as the basis for his oath. This is a way of guaranteeing that he definitely do what he promises to do. -## translationNotes +# his throne as long as the sun before me -* **his throne** - This refers to David's kingdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]). -* **forever like the moon** - "to last forever like the moon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the moon, the faithful witness in the sky** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The words "will continue" are understood. AT: "his throne will continue as long as the sun before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his throne + +Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. God is promising that one of David's descendants will always be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as long as the sun before me + +God compares David's rule as king to the sun to emphasize that someone from David's descendants will always rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# It will be established forever + +Here "It" stands for David's throne or power to rule as king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause it to last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# forever like the moon + +God compares David's rule as king to the moon to emphasize that someone from David's descendants will always rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the moon, the faithful witness in the sky + +The moon is spoken of as if it were a person who witnesses God making this promise to David. AT: "the moon, which is like a faithful witness in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/038.md b/psa/089/038.md index 5378a4d023..138c2017db 100644 --- a/psa/089/038.md +++ b/psa/089/038.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# you have refused and rejected -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] +The words "the king" are understood. AT: "you have refused and rejected the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# with your anointed king -* **You have renounced the covenant** - AT: "You have rejected the covenant" -* **You have desecrated his crown on the ground.** - AT: "You have defiled his crown on the ground." To push down into the ground or dust is a sign of great humiliation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"with the king you chose" + +# You have renounced the covenant + +"You have rejected the covenant" + +# You have desecrated his crown on the ground + +To push down into the ground or dust is a sign of great humiliation. AT: "You have defiled his crown on the ground" or "You have caused his crown to fall into the dirt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# his crown + +This represents the king's power as king and his right to rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have broken down all his walls. You have ruined his strongholds + +This implies that God allowed enemies to destroy the defenses at Jerusalem. AT: "You have allowed enemies to break down his walls and ruin his strongholds in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/041.md b/psa/089/041.md index 5561063665..fb2454b9fe 100644 --- a/psa/089/041.md +++ b/psa/089/041.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to his neighbors -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +Here "neighbors" means people of nearby nations. -## translationNotes +# raised the right hand of his enemies -* **All who pass by** - He feels like everyone who passed by has robbed him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **raised the right hand of his enemies** - To "raise the right hand" means that Yahweh adds to the strength and control of his enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **turn back the edge of the sword** - Yahweh weakens his efforts in battle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Here "right hand" represents power. To "raise the right hand" means that Yahweh has made his enemies strong enough to defeat God's chosen king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# turn back the edge of his sword + +Here "sword" represents the king's power in battle. To turn the sword back represents making the king unable to win in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the edge of his sword + +Here "edge" represents the whole sword. AT: "his sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# have not made him stand when in battle + +Here "stand" represents being victorious in battle. AT: "You have not helped him to be victorious in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/044.md b/psa/089/044.md index d2ff64cda2..42fb7cdcb2 100644 --- a/psa/089/044.md +++ b/psa/089/044.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# you have brought down his throne to the ground -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. AT: "you, Yahweh, have ended his reign as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You have shortened the days of his youth -* **you have brought down his throne to the ground.** - AT: "You, Yahweh, have ended his reign in humiliation." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **shortened the days of his youth.** - AT: "caused him to decline quickly." -* **covered him with shame** - Yahweh has brought the king to complete humiliation and embarrassment. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is a way of saying God made the king seem old even while he was still young. AT: "Even while he is young you have made him weak like an old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# covered him with shame + +Yahweh completely humiliating the king is spoken of as if shame were a garment that God used to cover the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/046.md b/psa/089/046.md index 91e8e84652..07f101fbef 100644 --- a/psa/089/046.md +++ b/psa/089/046.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# How long, Yahweh? Will you hide yourself, forever? -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he does not want God to continue to refuse the king. AT: "Please, Yahweh, do not refuse to help the king forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Will you hide yourself -* **Will you hide yourself** - "Hide yourself" means that Yahweh withholds his presence and help. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **anger burn like fire** - The writer compares extreme anger to a fire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the sons of men** - "people and their descendants" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Who can live and not die or rescue his own life from the power of sheol?** - The writer assumes the readers know that no one can do so. He asked this for emphasis. AT: "Who can live forever, or rescue his own soul from death?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +God not helping the king is spoken of as if God were hiding from him. AT: "Will you refuse to help the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How long will your anger burn like fire? + +The writer uses a question to emphasize that he does not want God to remain angry. AT: "Please do not continue being angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your anger burn like fire + +God being very angry is spoken of as if his anger were a hot fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# for what uselessness you have created all the children of mankind + +The abstract noun "uselessness" can be stated as "uselessly." AT: "that you have created all people to die uselessly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the children of mankind + +This refers to humans in general. AT: "humans" or "people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# Who can live and not die, or rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol? + +The writer uses these questions to emphasize that all people will die. AT: "No one can live forever or bring himself back to life after dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol + +Here "hand" refers to power. The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. Possible meanings are 1) a person cannot bring himself back to life after dying or 2) a person cannot keep himself from dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/049.md b/psa/089/049.md index a40a4e24a0..ec159ca554 100644 --- a/psa/089/049.md +++ b/psa/089/049.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Lord, where are your former acts of covenant faithfulness that you swore to David in your truthfulness? -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +The writer uses a question to request the Lord to be faithful to his covenant with David. AT: "Lord, be faithful to your covenant with David as you have been in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# your former acts of covenant faithfulness -* **call to mind** - The writer asks Yahweh to bring this up in his memory. AT: "remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **bear in my heart** - AT: "carry the burden in my feelings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **hurl** - This means to throw violently. Here to say or shout something loudly, such as the insults of the enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the footsteps** - The writer compares the steps of the king to the choices and movements he makes in governing the nation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The abstract nouns "acts" and "faithfulness" can be translated with a verb and an adverb. AT: "the things that you did before that showed that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Call to mind + +The writer asks Yahweh to bring this up in his memory. AT: "Remember" or "Consider" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the mocking directed against your servants + +Here "your servants" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "how they mock us, your servants" + +# how I bear in my heart so many insults from the nations + +Here "heart" represents the person's emotions. AT: "I endure so many insults from the people of the nations" or "I suffer because the people from the nations insult me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the nations + +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your enemies hurl insults + +The enemies shouting insults at the king is spoken of as if insults were an object that the enemies throw violently at the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they mock the footsteps of your anointed one + +Here "footsteps" represents where the king goes. AT: "they mock your anointed one wherever he goes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/052.md b/psa/089/052.md index 8dba7dd8ff..5190674e4c 100644 --- a/psa/089/052.md +++ b/psa/089/052.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:amen|amen, truly]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 3 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 73 and ends with Psalm 89. -## translationNotes +# Blessed be Yahweh forever -* **Amen and amen** - At the end of Book Three of the Psalms, the writer declares that "Thus it shall be" and repeats this for emphasis. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people praise Yahweh forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Amen and Amen + +The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/intro.md b/psa/089/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..285c164b71 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/089/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 089 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 89 is a worship and a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's promises ##### +God is mighty and has promised David an eternal kingdom. But now that kingdom is being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +##### Parallelism ##### +This psalm exhibits the kind of parallelism where the second line often emphasizes the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 89:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../088/intro.md) | [>>](../090/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/001.md b/psa/090/001.md index 15fce9816e..429a8d55b2 100644 --- a/psa/090/001.md +++ b/psa/090/001.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A prayer of Moses -* See: talink Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A prayer of Moses** - “This is a prayer that Moses wrote.” -* **Lord, you have been our refuge** - AT: "Lord, you have been our shelter" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **throughout all generations - ** - **"always" (UDB) -* **formed - ** - ** created or shaped -* **Before the mountains were formed** - AT: "Before you formed the mountains" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"This is a prayer that Moses wrote" + +# Lord, you have been our refuge + +God protecting his people is spoken of as if God were a refuge or shelter. AT: "Lord, you have been like a shelter for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# throughout all generations + +"always" + +# Before the mountains were formed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Before you formed the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# formed + +"created" or "shaped" + +# the world + +This represents everything that is in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from everlasting to everlasting + +This phrase represents all time past, present, and future. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/003.md b/psa/090/003.md index 9c32f23306..c8dc0f2baa 100644 --- a/psa/090/003.md +++ b/psa/090/003.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# You return man to dust -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +This implies that just as God created the first man, Adam, from the soil, God will cause people's bodies to turn back into soil after they die. AT: "You return people to dust when they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# return man -* **You return man to dust** - AT: "You return man to dust when he dies" (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **"Return, you descendants** - AT: "Return to dust, you descendants" -* **a thousand years** - "1000 years" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **For a thousand years in your sight are as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night.** - AT: "You see a thousand years the same as yesterday when it has passed by, or as a few short hours in the night." or "Even a thousand years is not a long time to you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here "man" means people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# Return, you descendants + +The words "to dust" or "to soil" are understood. AT: "Return to dust, you descendants" or "Return to soil, you descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# you descendants of mankind + +This is a way of referring to humans in general. AT: "you humans" or "you people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For a thousand years in your sight are as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night + +The writer means that a long period of time seems like a short period of time to God. AT: "You consider a thousand years the same as one day in the past, or as a few short hours in the night" or "Even a thousand years is not a long time to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a thousand years + +"1,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in your sight + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/005.md b/psa/090/005.md index 21676bf37d..27c03e6a4d 100644 --- a/psa/090/005.md +++ b/psa/090/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You sweep them away as with a flood and they sleep -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:sweep]] +God causing people to die suddenly is spoken of as if he swept them away with a broom. This sweeping is also spoken of as if it were a flood that carried people away. AT: "Lord, you destroy the people as with a flood and they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# they sleep -* **You sweep them away as with a flood and they sleep;** - AT: "Lord, you destroy the people as with a flood and they die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **they are like the grass that sprouts up** - Here, the people are being compared to grass that starts to grow because they both live for a short while. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **it blooms and grows up** - AT: "it begins to grow and develop" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **evening** - the early hours of the night -* **it withers and dries up** - AT: "it fades and dries up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +This is a polite way of speaking of people dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# in the morning they are like the grass ... in the evening it withers and dries up + +The people are being compared to grass to emphasize that people do not live a very long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# it blooms and grows up + +Both of these phrases refer to how the grass grows. AT: "it begins to grow and develop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# it withers and dries up + +Both of these phrases refer to how the grass dies. AT: "it fades and dries up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/007.md b/psa/090/007.md index 8ea5b85717..d637e64b0b 100644 --- a/psa/090/007.md +++ b/psa/090/007.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# we are consumed in your anger -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +God destroying people in his anger is spoken of as if God's anger were a fire that completely burns up the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You destroy us in your anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# in your wrath we are terrified -* **we are consumed** - The word "we" here refers to God's people -* **and in your wrath we are terrified** - AT: "and when you are angry we are greatly afraid" -* **You have set our iniquities before you, our hidden sins in the light of your presence** - AT: "You keep remembering even our secret sins." +"when you are angry we are greatly afraid" + +# You have set our iniquities before you, our hidden sins in the light of your presence + +God considering people's sins is spoken of as if sins were an objects he could place in front of himself and look at them. AT: "You see every sinful thing we do, even the sinful things we do in secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/009.md b/psa/090/009.md index 86de3c1344..e37231f929 100644 --- a/psa/090/009.md +++ b/psa/090/009.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Our life passes away under your wrath -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The word "because" can be used to make clear that God's wrath causes human life to end. AT: "Our lives come to an end because of your wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## translationNotes +# like a sigh -* **like a sigh** - AT: "like a long, loud breath" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **seventy** - "70" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **eighty** - "80" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **we fly away** - AT: "we die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The writer compares human life to a sigh to emphasize that life is very brief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# seventy + +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# eighty + +"80" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# even our best years are marked by trouble and sorrow + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Even in our best years we experience trouble and sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we fly away + +This is a polite way of referring to people dying. AT: "we die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/011.md b/psa/090/011.md index 115b49a1ac..3e80753566 100644 --- a/psa/090/011.md +++ b/psa/090/011.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Who knows the intensity of your anger, and your wrath that is equal to the fear of you? -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer uses a question to emphasize that no one has fully experienced God anger. Therefore no one truly reveres God and fears his anger when people sin. AT: "No one knows the intensity of your anger. Therefore no one fears your wrath when they sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Turn back, Yahweh! How long will it be? -* **Who knows the intensity of your anger; your wrath matches the fear it inspires?** - AT: "Who knows the intensity of your anger, and your wrath that is equal to the fear it causes?" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) or "no one knows the degree of your anger, and your rage that is equal to the fear it causes." -* **Turn back, Yahweh!** - AT: "Turn back from your anger, Yahweh!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **pity** - "sympathy" +Asking Yahweh to no longer be angry is spoken of as if the writer wants God to turn physically away from his anger. AT: "Yahweh, please do not be angry any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How long will it be? + +The writer uses a question to state that he wants God to stop being angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have pity on your servants + +Here "your servants" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Be merciful to us, your servants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/014.md b/psa/090/014.md index 20ba692467..9c609ae940 100644 --- a/psa/090/014.md +++ b/psa/090/014.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Satisfy us in the morning -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"Satisfy us every morning" -## translationNotes +# with your covenant faithfulness +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "by being faithful because of your covenant with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in proportion to the days you afflicted us and to the years we have experienced trouble + +Both of these phrases mean the same thing. The writer is asking Yahweh to make them happy for the same amount of time he punished them. AT: "for the same amount of time that you afflicted us and caused us to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Let your servants + +Here "your servants" refer to the people of Israel. AT: "Let us, your servants" or "Let us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let our children + +Here "children" means children and descendants. + +# see your majesty + +The abstract noun "majesty" can be stated as "great things." AT: "see the great things you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/017.md b/psa/090/017.md index ee6b84d7c0..2dd56fef84 100644 --- a/psa/090/017.md +++ b/psa/090/017.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# May the favor of the Lord our God be ours -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] +The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as "be kind." AT: "May the Lord our God be kind to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# prosper the work of our hands -* **prosper the work of our hands** - AT: "cause us to be successful" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "cause us to be successful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/intro.md b/psa/090/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7bb0ab9986 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/090/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 090 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm is a wisdom psalm. God is eternal but a human's life is short. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Life's shortness ##### +Because life is so short, people need to spend it as God wants them to spend it. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 90:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../089/intro.md) | [>>](../091/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/001.md b/psa/091/001.md index c3ffb10623..80f66827fc 100644 --- a/psa/091/001.md +++ b/psa/091/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# He who lives ... will stay ... of the Almighty -* See: talink Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **lives in the shelter of the Most High** - AT: "is protected by the Most High" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will say of Yahweh** - "I will say about Yahweh" -* **my shelter and my fortress** - The words "shelter" and "fortress" mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **my God in whom I trust** - AT: "my God, who I trust" or "my God; I will trust him" +Because "live" and "stay" mean almost the same thing, as do "shelter" and "shadow," which are both metaphors for protection, you may need to combine the two lines into one. AT: "The Most High, the Almighty, will care for all those who live where he can protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# who lives in the shelter of the Most High + +The word "shelter" is a metaphor for protection. AT: "who lives where the Most High protects him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Most High + +The words "the Most High" refer to Yahweh. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:13](../018/013.md). + +# will stay in the shadow of the Almighty + +The word "shadow" here is a metaphor for protection. AT: "will stay where the Almighty can protect him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Almighty + +the one who has power and control over everything. See how this was translated in [Psalms 68:14](../068/014.md) + +# I will say of Yahweh + +"I will say about Yahweh" + +# my refuge and my fortress + +A "refuge" is any place a person can go and have someone or something protect him. A "fortress" is something that people make so they can protect themselves and their property. Asaph uses them here as metaphors for protection. AT: "the one to whom I can go and he will protect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/003.md b/psa/091/003.md index 30ebb831f1..8d2c1fe0f8 100644 --- a/psa/091/003.md +++ b/psa/091/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For he will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and from the deadly plague -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The words that have been left out can be put in. AT: "For God will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and he will rescue you from the plagues that can kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# the snare of the hunter -* **For he will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and from the deadly plague** - AT: "For God will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and he will rescue you from the plagues that can kill" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **He will cover you with his wings** - Here "wings" represent safety. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **His trustworthiness is a shield and protection** - AT: "His truthful promises are a protective shield." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +"from the snare that the hunter has set to catch you" + +# He will cover you with his wings, and under his wings you will find refuge + +God's protection is here referred to as "wings" which a bird uses to cover its' young from danger. "Cover you with his wings" and "under his wings" mean basically the same thing. AT: "He will keep you safe and protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# His trustworthiness is a shield and protection + +God's trustworthiness is here referred to as a "shield" which can protect people who rely on him. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as "trust." AT: "You can trust him to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# protection + +No one knows for sure what this word means. Possible meanings are 1) a small shield strapped to the forearm that soldiers used to defend themselves against arrows and swords or 2) a wall of stones set in a circle inside which soldiers could hide and shoot arrows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/005.md b/psa/091/005.md index 7bb76ef941..9d46a2f319 100644 --- a/psa/091/005.md +++ b/psa/091/005.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# terror in the night -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +The psalmist speaks of "terror" as if it were a spirit or fierce animal that could attack at night and so terrify people. AT: "things attacking you at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# in the night ... by day -* **terror in the night** - Here, "terror" is given human abilities (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **or of the plague** - AT: "You will not be afraid of the plague" -* **plague that roams** - Plague is given here human abilities (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **roam ** - go around without a plan -* **A thousand may fall at your side and ten thousand at your right hand** - AT: "1000 people may fall at your side and 10,000 people may fall at your right hand," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **it will not reach you** - AT: "the evil will not harm you." +These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the arrow that flies by day + +"Arrow" is a metonym for the people who shoot the arrows. AT: "people attacking you with arrows during the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# or of the plague that roams + +The psalmist speaks of illness as if it were a person who went about at night killing other people. AT: "You will not be afraid of dying from illness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# roams + +goes wherever he wants to go at any time + +# in the darkness ... at noontime + +These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# disease + +an illness that makes many people ill at the same time + +# A thousand may fall at your side and ten thousand at your right hand + +"Many people may fall all around you." If translating the exact numbers confuses the readers, you may omit them. + +# it will not reach you + +"the evil will not harm you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/008.md b/psa/091/008.md index 91025cf74f..fccf369699 100644 --- a/psa/091/008.md +++ b/psa/091/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You will only observe and see -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"You yourself will not suffer, but you will watch carefully, and you will see" -## translationNotes +# the punishment of the wicked -* **For Yahweh is my refuge!** - AT: "Yahweh is my refuge! -* **Make the Most High your refuge also** - AT: "You should make the Most High your refuge also." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The abstract noun "punishment" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "how God punishes the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Yahweh is my refuge + +The writer speaks of Yahweh protecting him as if Yahweh were a safe place for him to find protection from his enemies. AT: "Yahweh protects me, like a person finds protection in a place of refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Make the Most High your refuge also + +"You should make the Most High your refuge also." The psalmist stops speaking to God and speaks to the reader. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/010.md b/psa/091/010.md index 7a90bfa879..c7c999d590 100644 --- a/psa/091/010.md +++ b/psa/091/010.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# No evil will overtake you -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] +The writer speaks of a person experiencing bad or evil things as if evil were a person who overtakes another person. AT: "Nothing evil will happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# no affliction will come near your home -* **overtake** - come upon suddenly -* **For he will direct** - AT: "Yahweh will direct" +The psalmist speaks of people who afflict others as though they were the harm they cause. AT: "no one will be able to harm your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For he will direct + +"Yahweh will command" + +# in all your ways + +The psalmist speaks of the way a person lives his life as if it were a path down which the person walked. AT: "in everything you do" or "at all times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/012.md b/psa/091/012.md index 9b6e906b54..2c90c767c2 100644 --- a/psa/091/012.md +++ b/psa/091/012.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They will lift you -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:stone]] +"Yahweh's angels will lift you" -## translationNotes +# you will not hit your foot on a stone -* **They will lift you** - AT: "Yahweh's angels will lift you" -* **You will crush lions and adders under your feet; you will trample young lions and serpents** - The thought is repeated in slightly different words for emphasis. Lions and snake are examples of great dangers. AT: "You will be able to overcome great dangers." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **adders** - types of poisonous snake. -* **trample** - crush by walking heavily on +The angels will protect not only the reader's foot but the rest of his body as well. The words "not ... hit your foot on a stone" is an exaggerated metonym to say that not even small bad things will happen. This should probably not be taken as a promise that no bad things will ever happen again. AT: "you will not even hit your foot on a stone" or "not even the smallest bad thing will happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You will crush lions and adders under your feet; you will trample on young lions and serpents + +Where "hit your foot on a stone" is a minor problem, lions and snake are examples of great dangers. The psalmist speaks of lions and snakes as if they were small enough to be crushed under a person's foot. AT: "You will be able kill lions and adders as if they were small animals you could crush under your feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# adders + +types of poisonous snake. + +# trample + +crush by walking heavily on \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/014.md b/psa/091/014.md index c1a1d00308..ccab6df768 100644 --- a/psa/091/014.md +++ b/psa/091/014.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Because he is devoted to me -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +"Because he loves me" -## translationNotes +# I will be with him in trouble -* **Because he is devoted to me** - AT: "Because he loves me"" -* **I will give him victory and will honor him.** - AT: "I will give him victory and honor." +This can be made explicit. AT: "I will be with him when he is in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will give him victory + +The abstract noun "victory" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I will cause him to be victorious" or "I will enable him to defeat his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will satisfy him with long life + +The psalmist speaks of life as if it were something someone could eat. AT: "I will allow him to live a long and happy life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# show him my salvation + +"and I will show him my salvation." The psalmist speaks of the work God does to save people as if it were a physical object. AT: "I will save him so that he knows I am the one who saved him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/intro.md b/psa/091/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8c1e4e9c17 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/091/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 091 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 91 is a wisdom psalm. Those who depend on God are protected by him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fear ##### +No matter what dangers befall a person, they do not need to fear. God is protecting them from all harm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 91:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../090/intro.md) | [>>](../092/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/001.md b/psa/092/001.md index 9253bcd5ce..55ee820d83 100644 --- a/psa/092/001.md +++ b/psa/092/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:sabbath]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# to sing praises to your name -* **to sing praises to your name** - AT: "to sing praises to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The words "your name" are a metonym for "you." AT: "to sing praises to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# proclaim your covenant faithfulness in the morning + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with the adjective "faithful." AT: "proclaim in the morning that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your truthfulness every night + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun "truthfulness" can be translated with the adjective "true." AT: "proclaim every night that everything you say is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/004.md b/psa/092/004.md index 395055bac7..7e8b2ce7c1 100644 --- a/psa/092/004.md +++ b/psa/092/004.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# glad -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"happy" -## translationNotes +# through your deeds -* **glad** - "happy" -* **the deeds of your hands** - AT: "what you have done" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The abstract noun phrase "your deeds" can be translated with the relative clause "what you have done." AT: "by what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the deeds of your hands + +The abstract noun phrase "the deeds of your hands" can be translated with the relative clause "what your hands have done." The word "hands" is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "What you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your deeds + +The abstract noun phrase "your deeds" can be translated with a relative clause. AT: "what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Your thoughts are very deep + +"We cannot understand what you plan to do until you do it" + +# Your thoughts + +The abstract noun phrase "your thoughts" can be translated with a relative clause. AT: "What you think" or "What you plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/006.md b/psa/092/006.md index 9a32b07cca..fc02272ede 100644 --- a/psa/092/006.md +++ b/psa/092/006.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# brutish -* [[en:tw:doom]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:know]] +"violent and stupid" -## translationNotes +# When the wicked sprout like the grass -* **brutish** - "violent and stupid" -* **when the wicked sprout like the grass,** - AT: "when evil people grow and spread like grass" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **they are doomed to eternal destruction** - AT: "they are condemned to destruction forever" +This compares evil people to grass, which grows quickly and in many places. AT: "When evil people appear quickly and seem to be everywhere, like grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they are doomed to eternal destruction + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God has decided that he will destroy them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/008.md b/psa/092/008.md index c0651d81b2..79b64552f9 100644 --- a/psa/092/008.md +++ b/psa/092/008.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Indeed, look at your enemies, Yahweh -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] +Many texts do not have these words. -## translationNotes +# They will perish -* **all the evildoers are scattered.** - AT: "all the evildoers are sent in different directions and die." +"They will die" or "You will kill them" + +# All those who do evil will be scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will scatter all those who do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be scattered + +Many texts read, "have been scattered." + +# be scattered + +"driven away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/010.md b/psa/092/010.md index 91af8b5321..39b1262136 100644 --- a/psa/092/010.md +++ b/psa/092/010.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You have lifted up my horn like the horn of the wild ox -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +The psalmist speaks of God as if he had made him as strong as a wild animal. Here his "horn" represents his strength. AT: "You have made me as strong as a wild ox" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# I am anointed with fresh oil -* **You have exalted my horn like the horn of the wild ox;** - AT: "You have made me as strong as a wild ox;" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **I am anointed with fresh oil.** - AT: "You have caused me to be glad though your approval." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foes.** - AT: "I have seen and heard of the defeat of my enemies." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are that the oil that God has put on the psalmist is a metaphor for God 1) making him happy "you have made me very happy" or 2) making him strong, "you have made me strong" or 3) enabling him to defeat his enemies, "you have enabled me to defeat my enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foes + +The words "eyes" and "ears" are synecdoches for the person who sees and hears. The lines may be combined. AT: "I have seen and heard of the defeat of my evil enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/012.md b/psa/092/012.md index 9ceabacda7..af0be29027 100644 --- a/psa/092/012.md +++ b/psa/092/012.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The righteous will flourish like the palm tree -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy palm tree because they will 1) be strong or 2) live for long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon -* **The righteous will flourish like the palm tree; they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon.** - AT: "People who are righteous will grow well like a palm tree; they will develop like a cedar tree in Lebanon."(See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy cedar tree growing in the land of Lebanon because 1) they will be strong or 2) people will honor them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They are planted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has planted them" or "Yahweh takes care of them as if they were trees he had planted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the house of Yahweh ... in the courts of our God + +The psalmist speaks of people who truly worship God as if they were trees growing in Yahweh's house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they flourish + +The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were healthy trees. AT: "they are growing well" or "they are very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the courts of our God + +in the courtyard of the temple in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/014.md b/psa/092/014.md index 1e1362d53b..57d3d9aecf 100644 --- a/psa/092/014.md +++ b/psa/092/014.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They bear fruit -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees that produce food. AT: "They please God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they stay fresh and green -* **They bear fruit** - The righteous people make good things come. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **they stay fresh and green,** - AT: "Righteous people remain strong and healthy," (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **He is my rock** - Yahweh is my strong foundation. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees. AT: "they remain strong and healthy" or "they always do what pleases God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# green, to proclaim that + +Possible meanings are 1) "green, so that they can proclaim" or 2) "green. This shows that" + +# He is my rock + +"Yahweh is the one who protects me." The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that would protect him. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/intro.md b/psa/092/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e1fb8f570 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/092/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 092 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 92 is a psalm of praise for God's kindness and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Justice ##### +God causes evil people to be destroyed and good people to be happy and useful, even after they grow old. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 92:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../091/intro.md) | [>>](../093/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/093/001.md b/psa/093/001.md index 950c8b264e..b94faef3ba 100644 --- a/psa/093/001.md +++ b/psa/093/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# he is robed in majesty; Yahweh has clothed and girded himself with strength -* See: talink Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **he is robed in majesty; Yahweh is clothed with strength; he wears strength like a belt** - in these phrases Yahweh's majesty and power are being represented as articles of clothing (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **strength** - power and might -* **belt** - a band of leather or another material that a person wears around his waist +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's strength and majesty as if they were things Yahweh wears. AT: "he shows everyone that he is a powerful king" or "his majesty is there for all to see, like the robe a king wears; everything about Yahweh shows that he is strong and he is ready to do great work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# majesty + +the power of a king and the way a king acts + +# girded himself + +put on a belt—a band of leather or another material that a person wears around his waist—to prepare for work or battle + +# The world is firmly established + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have firmly established the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it cannot be moved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever move it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your throne is established from ancient times + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You established your throne in ancient times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are from everlasting + +"you have always existed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/093/003.md b/psa/093/003.md index 79a062154b..6e3aef5dd7 100644 --- a/psa/093/003.md +++ b/psa/093/003.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# oceans ... oceans' -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Some versions read "floods ... floods'." The word often refers to a river (See: "the River" in [Psalms 72:8](../072/008.md)), but "oceans ... oceans'" has been chosen here because oceans, not rivers, have "waves" that "crash and roar." -## translationNotes +# have lifted up their voice; the oceans' waves crash and roar -* **have lifted up their voice; the oceans' waves crash and roar** - AT: "have made a mighty noise because their waves crash and roar" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **roar** - make a long, loud sound. -* **Above the crashing of many waves, the mighty breakers of the sea, ** - AT: "But Yahweh you are greater than the roar of the oceans or the crash of their mighty breakers." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **breakers** - large waves coming to land +The psalmist speaks of the ocean as if it were a person who could speak. AT: "have made a mighty noise because their waves crash and roar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# roar + +make a long, loud sound. + +# Above the crashing of many waves, the mighty breakers of the sea + +The phrase "the mighty breakers of the sea" means basically the same thing as "many waves" and emphasizes how great these waves are. AT: "Above the crashing of all of the very great waves of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# breakers + +large waves coming to land + +# on high + +The psalmist speaks of where God lives as if it were high above the earth. AT: "in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/093/005.md b/psa/093/005.md index 54a8a66d5f..c7d475f8cf 100644 --- a/psa/093/005.md +++ b/psa/093/005.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# solemn -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +very serious -## translationNotes +# are very trustworthy -* **solemn** - very serious -* **adorns** - makes beautiful +"always stay the same" or "never change" + +# holiness adorns your house + +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's house as if it were a woman wearing beautiful clothing or jewelry and of Yahweh's holiness as the beautiful clothing or jewelry. AT: "your house is beautiful because you are holy" or "your holiness makes your house beautiful the way beautiful clothes and jewelry make a woman more beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your house + +the temple in Jerusalem + +# adorns + +makes beautiful \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/093/intro.md b/psa/093/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e96d1a0985 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/093/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 093 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 93 is a worship psalm about the power of Yahweh. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +Yahweh is all powerful; He even controls the ocean. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 93:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../092/intro.md) | [>>](../094/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/001.md b/psa/094/001.md index cef93c1bba..60f9b72241 100644 --- a/psa/094/001.md +++ b/psa/094/001.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# shine over us -* See: talink Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **shine over us** - AT: "show yourself" or "reveal your justice" -* **Rise up, judge of the earth, give to the proud what they deserve** - AT: "Come, judge of the earth, and punish the proud" +Here "shine" is a metaphor for God revealing himself. AT: "show yourself" or "reveal your glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Rise up, judge of the earth, give to the proud what they deserve + +"Come, judge of the earth, and punish the proud" + +# Rise up + +The psalmist speaks of starting to do something as getting up. If your language has a word for beginning to act, use it here. AT: "Take action" or "Do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/003.md b/psa/094/003.md index fa2ad3a7fb..53352ce340 100644 --- a/psa/094/003.md +++ b/psa/094/003.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# How long will the wicked, Yahweh, how long will the wicked rejoice? -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] +The psalmist repeats the question to show that he is unhappy with how long Yahweh has allowed the wicked to rejoice. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have waited too long Yahweh; you have waited too long to stop the wicked from rejoicing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# will the wicked rejoice -* **Yahweh, how long will the wicked, how long will the wicked rejoice?** - By repeating these phrases and asking a question, the writer shows his strong emotions. AT: "Yahweh, the wicked people always seem to win" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **They pour out arrogant and defiant speeches, and they all boast** - AT: "The wicked people say arrogant things and boast about doing evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Why the wicked rejoice can be stated clearly. AT: "will the wicked rejoice because you never punish them for the evil deeds they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They + +"All those who do evil" + +# They pour out their arrogant words + +The psalmist writes of the the wicked speaking as if their words were a liquid being poured out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all those who do evil boast + +The translation can make explicit that these people boast about their evil actions. AT: "all those who do evil boast about their evil deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/005.md b/psa/094/005.md index 2d294f236e..94b44fc16f 100644 --- a/psa/094/005.md +++ b/psa/094/005.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# afflict the nation -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] +Here the metonym "nation" refers to the people of the nation. AT: "afflict the people of the nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# They crush -* **They crush your people, Yahweh; they afflict the nation that belongs to you.** - These phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "The wicked people oppress your people, Yahweh; they hurt your chosen nation." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the widow** - "women whose husbands have died" -* **the alien** - "strangers in the land" -* **the fatherless** - "children without fathers" -* **the God of Jacob does not take notice of it** - AT: "the God of Israel does not see what we do" +The psalmist speaks of powerful people treating powerless people badly as if it were crushing them or breaking them in pieces. AT: "They completely destroy" or "They greatly harm." See how "break in pieces" is translated in [Psalms 72:4](../072/004.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the widow + +"women whose husbands have died" + +# the fatherless + +"children without fathers" + +# the God of Jacob does not take notice of it + +"the God of Israel does not see what we do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/008.md b/psa/094/008.md index eafdf76a7b..f3dec82ea5 100644 --- a/psa/094/008.md +++ b/psa/094/008.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +The writer now instructs the wicked people. -## translationNotes +# when will you ever learn? -* The Psalmist now instructs the wicked people. -* **when will you ever learn?** - This question stresses how important it is to understand and learn. AT: "stop your foolish ways" or "learn from your mistakes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **He who made the ear, does he not hear? He who formed the eye, does he not see?** - These questions are asked to emphasize a point. AT: "God made ears, so he hears everything. God made eyes, so he sees everything." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question emphasizes the anger of the writer with the wicked people he is speaking to. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "stop your foolish ways!" or "learn from your mistakes!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He who made the ear, does he not hear? He who formed the eye, does he not see? + +These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements or commands. AT: "God made ears, so he can hear. God made eyes, so he can see." or "God made ears, so stop acting as if he does not hear. God made eyes, so stop acting as if he does not see." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/010.md b/psa/094/010.md index 50790a0139..458ee3fce2 100644 --- a/psa/094/010.md +++ b/psa/094/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The writer continues instructing the wicked people. -## translationNotes +# He who disciplines the nations, does he not correct? -* The Psalmist continues instructing the wicked people. -* **does he not correct?** - This question emphasizes a point, and it is implied that it refers to his people. AT: "he will correct his people" or "he will punish his people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This question can be translated as a statement. It is implied that Yahweh corrects his people. AT: "You know that Yahweh corrects the nations, so you can be sure that he will correct his people!" or "he will punish his people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# does he not correct + +This can be stated in positive form. Possible meanings are 1) God corrects. AT: "he corrects" or 2) God punishes. "he punishes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# that they are vapor + +Here the thoughts of men are compared to vapor or steam that disappears into the air. This metaphor shows how unimportant and useless they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# vapor + +"steam." See how this word is translated in [Psalms 39:11](../039/010.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/012.md b/psa/094/012.md index 49aca14f00..024760afc4 100644 --- a/psa/094/012.md +++ b/psa/094/012.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +Now the writer again talks to Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# until a pit is dug for the wicked -* Now the Psalmist again talks to Yahweh. -* **Blessed is the one whom you instruct, Yahweh, the one whom you teach from your law** - These phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "Blessed is the person that you instruct and teach from your law, Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **until a pit is dug for the wicked** - Here "pit" represents a trap for catching and punishing the wicked. AT: "until you destroy the wicked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's punishing the wicked as if Yahweh were trapping an animal in a pit. This can be stated in active form. AT: "until you dig a pit for the wicked" or "until you destroy the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/014.md b/psa/094/014.md index 9f30cc14c5..bef6bcbe57 100644 --- a/psa/094/014.md +++ b/psa/094/014.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# his inheritance -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +"those whom he has chosen to be with him forever" -## translationNotes +# judgment will again be righteous -* **For Yahweh will not forsake his people or abandon his inheritance.** - Here "inheritance" refers to his people. AT: "Yahweh will not leave or forget his promise to his people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Who will rise up to defend me against the evildoers? Who will stand up for me against the wicked?** - These questions are used to express a need for help; they share similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. AT: "No one will defend me against evil people. No one will help me fight against wicked people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The psalmist speaks of those who judge as if they were the decisions they make. The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated with the verb "judge." AT: "judges will again judge righteously" or "judges will again make righteous decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the upright in heart + +The adjective phrase "upright in heart" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "those whose hearts are right with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# will follow it + +"will want the judges to judge righteously" + +# Who will rise up to defend me against the evildoers? Who will stand up for me against the wicked? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one will defend me against the evildoers. No one will help me fight against the wicked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the wicked + +The adjective "wicked" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/017.md b/psa/094/017.md index 29b7a3f1ab..d660a150ab 100644 --- a/psa/094/017.md +++ b/psa/094/017.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Unless Yahweh had been my help ... silence -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +This is a hypothetical situation. Yahweh did help him, so he was not lying in the place of silence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# Unless Yahweh had been my help -* **soon, I would be lying down in the place of silence** - AT: "in a short time, I would be dead, lying in a silent grave" -* **When cares within me threaten to overwhelm me** - AT: "When I have too many problems to handle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **your comfort cheers my soul** - AT: "you comfort me" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "help" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "If Yahweh had not helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I would soon be lying down in the place of silence + +Here "would be lying down" refers to "death" and "in the place of silence" refers to the grave." AT: "in a short time, I would be dead, lying in a silent grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, held me up + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "You, Yahweh, held me up because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# When cares within me are many, your consolations make me happy + +The psalmist speaks of care as if he could count separate cares. The abstract noun "consolations" can be translated with the verb "console" or "comfort." AT: "When I have been worried about many things, you have comforted me and made me happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/020.md b/psa/094/020.md index 6ea6ae8552..eb4eb78423 100644 --- a/psa/094/020.md +++ b/psa/094/020.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Can a throne of destruction be allied with you, one who creates injustice by statute? -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:unjust]] +This rhetorical question is used to make a point. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "A wicked ruler who makes unjust laws is not your friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# a throne of destruction -* **Can wicked rulers be allied with you, those who create injustice by statute?** - This question is used to make a point. AT: "Wicked rulers who make unjust laws are not your friend" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **conspire** - plan with a person something harmful or illegal in secret +Here the metonym "throne" refers to a king or ruler. AT: "a wicked ruler" or "corrupt judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# conspire + +secretly plan with a person something harmful or illegal + +# take the life of + +This is an idiom which means to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/022.md b/psa/094/022.md index 1298597cd7..3d1da03d85 100644 --- a/psa/094/022.md +++ b/psa/094/022.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh has been my high tower -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "tower" is a metaphor for protection. AT: "Yahweh has protected me from my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# God has been the rock of my refuge -* **Yahweh has been my high tower** - Here "tower" represents protection. AT: "Yahweh has protected me from my enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **God has been the rock of my refuge** - Here "rock" describes God as strong and firm, and "refuge" refers to safety. AT: "God has kept me safe by his power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The psalmist speaks of having God protect him as if God were a place where the psalmist could go to be safe. See how "rock" and "refuge" are translated in [Psalms 62:7](../062/007.md). AT: "I have asked God to protect me, and he has kept me safe by his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will bring on them their own iniquity + +Possible meanings are 1) "will do to them the evil things they have done to others" or 2) "will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others." + +# cut them off + +This is an idiom which means "kill them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in their own wickedness + +Possible meanings are 1) "while they are doing wicked things" or 2) "because they have done wicked things." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/intro.md b/psa/094/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0038c0918 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/094/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 094 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 94 is a prayer requesting that evil people be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice ##### +Evil people expect God to ignore their injustices. But God knows what they are doing and will punish them for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 94:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../093/intro.md) | [>>](../095/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/001.md b/psa/095/001.md index feaeb1b714..fd672ca3b8 100644 --- a/psa/095/001.md +++ b/psa/095/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the rock of our salvation -* See: talink Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **enter his presence** - go where God is -* **thanksgiving** - gratefulness -* **superior** - Possible meanings: "rules over all other gods" or "much better than all gods" +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were a mountain the people could climb so they would be safe. See how "rock" and "of my salvation" are translated in [Psalms 18:46](../018/046.md). AT: "the rock where we can go and God will save us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# enter his presence + +The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. AT: "go to where he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with thanksgiving + +"thanking him as we enter his presence" + +# superior to all gods + +Possible meanings are that Yahweh is a great king 1) "who rules over all other gods," or 2) "who is much better than all gods." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/004.md b/psa/095/004.md index 0961d3486d..8d9a0f57ce 100644 --- a/psa/095/004.md +++ b/psa/095/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In his hand -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] +This is an idiom which means "in his control" or "he is responsible for." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# depths -* **depths** - deep places -* **heights** - high places +deep places + +# heights + +high places + +# his hands formed + +The word "hands" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "he himself formed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/006.md b/psa/095/006.md index 79b251c9b2..20d725b9ba 100644 --- a/psa/095/006.md +++ b/psa/095/006.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# kneel -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creation|create, creation, Creator]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +put both knees on the ground, often to show submission (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# the people of his pasture -* **Oh come, let us worship and bow down; let us kneel before Yahweh** - both of these phrases suggest the same worshipful position before God (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **kneel** - put both knees on the ground -* **of his pasture and the sheep of his hand.** - AT: "that he feeds and protects like a shepherd cares for his sheep." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **pasture** - a grassy area for feeding animals -* **hand** - Here "hand" represents the provision of God (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "pasture" is a metonym for the food that animals eat in the pasture, which in turn is a synecdoche for everything that Yahweh provides for his people. AT: "we are the people whose needs he meets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# pasture + +an area where animals find grass to eat + +# the sheep of his hand + +The word "hand" here refers to how Yahweh protects his people the way a shepherd protects his sheep. AT: "the people whom he protects like a shepherd protects his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Today—oh, that you would hear his voice! + +"Oh, that you would hear his voice today!" The psalmist purposely interrupts what he is saying. + +# hear his voice + +Here "his voice" represents God speaking or what he says. AT: "listen to God speak" or "hear what God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/008.md b/psa/095/008.md index 437426b74f..4558470236 100644 --- a/psa/095/008.md +++ b/psa/095/008.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:authority|authority]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:hard|hard, hardness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:patient|patient, patience]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Now the writer writes the words that Yahweh spoke. -## translationNotes +# harden your heart -* Now the Psalmist writes the words that Yahweh spoke. -* **Meribah, Massah** - Both words refer to a place in the dessert that Moses named because the Israelites rebelled against God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **challenged my authority and tried my patience** - AT: "tested my authority and patience," (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **my deeds** - AT: "the amazing things I had done." +"become stubborn" + +# Meribah, ... Massah + +These are places in the desert that Moses named because the Israelites rebelled against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tested me ... tried me + +These two phrases are both metaphors for the people seeing how much evil they could do before Yahweh would punish them. The phrases say basically the same thing and can be combined. AT: "tested me" or "wanted to see if they could do evil things without my punishing them ... tested whether I would continue to be patient with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my deeds + +"the amazing things I had done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/010.md b/psa/095/010.md index 19ddfd063b..b1fbcd37cb 100644 --- a/psa/095/010.md +++ b/psa/095/010.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] +Yahweh continues speaking directly to his people. -## translationNotes +# forty years -* Yahweh continues speaking directly to his people. -* **forty years** - "40 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **wander astray** - "move away from me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **known my ways** - AT: "obeyed me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **ways ** - God's plans, precepts, purposes or commands -* **resting place** - "Canaan" or "Promised Land" +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# that generation + +"all of those people" or "that entire generation of people" + +# wander astray + +God speaks of the people as if they were sheep, which will go wherever they want to and not stay near their shepherd. AT: "move away from me" or "go their own way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they have not known my ways + +Yahweh's commands are spoken of as if they were paths on which the people should walk. The people not obeying Yahweh's commands is spoken of as if they did not know these paths. AT: "they have not obeyed my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my resting place + +"the place where I would have allowed them to rest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/intro.md b/psa/095/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf0f9cab63 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/095/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 095 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's care ##### +God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 95:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../094/intro.md) | [>>](../096/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/001.md b/psa/096/001.md index 1c2093c92e..1e9f967a73 100644 --- a/psa/096/001.md +++ b/psa/096/001.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# a new song +a song no one has ever sung before + +# all the earth + +This refers to the people of the earth. AT: "all you people who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bless his name + +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "bless Yahweh" or "do what makes Yahweh happy." See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/018.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# announce his salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated using the verb "save." AT: "announce that he has saved us" or "tell people that he is the one who saves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/003.md b/psa/096/003.md index 253622df28..04fb00602c 100644 --- a/psa/096/003.md +++ b/psa/096/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Declare his glory among the nations -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory" -## translationNotes +# Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly -* **For Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly.** - AT: "For Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He is to be feared above all other gods.** - AT: "Fear him above all other gods." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly" or "Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He is to be feared above all other gods + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Fear him above all other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/005.md b/psa/096/005.md index 802f2f83b1..c5f6408fec 100644 --- a/psa/096/005.md +++ b/psa/096/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in his presence -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] +"where he is" -## translationNotes +# Splendor and majesty are in his presence -* **in his presence** - "where he is" -* **Splendor and majesty** - These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The psalmist speaks as if splendor and majesty are people who can stand before a king. AT: "Everyone knows of his splendor and majesty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Strength and beauty are in his sanctuary + +The words "strength" and "beauty" are metonyms for the ark of the covenant decrees, which is found in the sanctuary. AT: "It is his sanctuary that contains the ark of the covenant decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/007.md b/psa/096/007.md index 5fe95d3974..c663bfe3cf 100644 --- a/psa/096/007.md +++ b/psa/096/007.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Ascribe to Yahweh ... ascribe praise to Yahweh for his glory and strength -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:clan|clan]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard, court]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people, poor (the poor)]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +This can be restated to removed the abstract nouns "praise," "glory," and "strength." See how these words are translated in [Psalms 29:1](../029/001.md). AT: "Praise Yahweh ... praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Give to Yahweh the glory that his name deserves -* **Ascribe to** - This means to acknowledge something about someone. AT: "give to" +The abstract noun "glory" can be stated as a verb or adjective. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 29:2](../029/001.md). AT: "Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves" or "Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his name deserves + +Here "name" refers to the person of God. AT: "he deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his courts + +the temple courtyard where the priests sacrificed animals to Yahweh \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/009.md b/psa/096/009.md index 85c9dcbfc7..f7ef82176d 100644 --- a/psa/096/009.md +++ b/psa/096/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Bow down to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. AT: "Bow down to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# in the splendor of holiness -* **tremble** - to shake because of fear -* **in the splendor of his holiness** - AT: -* **The world also is established** - "He also established the world" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **it cannot be shaken** - "nothing can shake it" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The abstract nouns "splendor" and "holiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "because he is gloriously beautiful and holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# tremble + +to shake because of fear + +# all the earth + +Here "earth" represents the people. AT: "all the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The world also is established + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "He also established the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it cannot be shaken + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "nothing can shake it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/011.md b/psa/096/011.md index a7da934d0d..6b6909b024 100644 --- a/psa/096/011.md +++ b/psa/096/011.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +Possible meanings are 1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. AT: "Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices" or 2) "the heavens" and "the earth" are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. AT: "Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# that which fills it shout with joy -* **let the heavens ... the earth... the sea ... the fields ... the trees** - All of these things are said to have emotions like people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world ... and the peoples ... ** - The three phrase have similar meanings; the last two phases are used to strengthen the first. ( See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and the peoples with his faithfulness** - AT: " and he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. AT: "the sea creatures shout joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Let the fields rejoice and all that is in them + +"Let the fields and all that is in them rejoice." The psalmist speaks as if "the fields" and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. AT: "Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# let all the trees in the forest shout for joy + +This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. AT: "let it be as if all the trees in the forest shout for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world ... and the peoples + +The three phrase have similar meanings; the last two phases are used to strengthen the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to judge ... will judge + +Another possible meaning is "to rule ... will rule." + +# He will judge the world with righteousness + +Here "the world" is a metonym for all the people in the world. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 9:8](../009/007.md). AT: "He will judge all the people of the world righteously." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the peoples with his faithfulness + +The words "he will judge" are understood. AT: "he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# with his faithfulness + +The can be restated to remove the abstract noun "faithfulness." Possible meanings are 1) AT: "fairly, according to what he knows is true" or 2) AT: "using the same standard for all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/intro.md b/psa/096/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3de92eba03 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/096/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 096 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 96 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh, the king ##### +Yahweh is king over all the earth and is worthy of all praise. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 96:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../095/intro.md) | [>>](../097/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/001.md b/psa/097/001.md index ac9031cf1a..d10bcf06dd 100644 --- a/psa/097/001.md +++ b/psa/097/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:foundation|foundation, founded]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad -* **let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad** - The earth and the coastlands are said to have emotions like people. AT: "Rejoice and be glad every person on the earth and near the seas" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne.** - Here "the foundation of his throne" refers to how Yahweh rules his kingdom. AT: "Yahweh always rules with righteousness and justice." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The earth and the coastlands are said to have emotions like people. AT: "Rejoice and be glad every person on the earth and near the seas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# coastlands + +Possible meanings are 1) "lands near the seas" or 2) "islands." + +# Clouds and darkness surround him + +"We cannot see him; it is as if he were sitting in the dark with clouds all around him" + +# Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne + +The word "throne" is a metonym for the deeds and words of the one who sits on it. The psalmist speaks as if righteousness and justice were physical objects that made the throne secure. AT: "He is righteous and just in everything he does" or "He is able to rule because he rules righteously and justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the foundation of his throne + +Here "the foundation of his throne" refers to how Yahweh rules his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/003.md b/psa/097/003.md index 6314932da1..db9a4a6237 100644 --- a/psa/097/003.md +++ b/psa/097/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Fire goes before him -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +The psalmist speaks as if fire were a person walking before King Yahweh and telling people that the king was coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# consumes his adversaries -* **the earth sees and trembles** - “the earth” is described as a person who is able to see and tremble. This can be restated as “the people on the earth see and tremble” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **tremble** - shake with fear -* **The mountains melt like wax before Yahweh** - The mountains are unable to stand before Yahweh. AT: "The mountains are unable to stand before Yahweh." or "The mountains crumble before Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"burns up his enemies" + +# the earth sees and trembles + +The writer speaks of the earth as if it were a person who sees what Yahweh does and trembles in fear. AT: "like a person, the earth sees and trembles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# trembles + +"shakes with fear" + +# The mountains melt like wax before Yahweh + +The writer speaks of the mountains crumbling before Yahweh as if they were wax that was exposed to a fire. AT: "The mountains are unable to stand as Yahweh comes near" or "The mountains crumble in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/006.md b/psa/097/006.md index 5813010fc5..6a75c49691 100644 --- a/psa/097/006.md +++ b/psa/097/006.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The skies declare his justice -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Possible meanings are 1) the psalmist speaks as if the skies are Yahweh's messengers who declare that Yahweh is just. AT: "Everyone can see that God is just, the same way that everyone can see the skies" or 2) the skies refer to the beings that live in the heavens. AT: "All those who live in heaven declare that Yahweh is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# All those who worship carved figures will be shamed, those who boast in worthless idols -* **All those who worship carved figures ... who boast in worthless idols** - This phrase describes "those who worship carved figures". AT: "God will shame all those who boast in worthless idols and worship carved figures." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will shame all those who boast in worthless idols and worship carved figures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Zion heard ... the towns of Judah + +This refers to the people who live in these lands. AT: "The people of Zion heard ... the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/009.md b/psa/097/009.md index 3af8f84ac7..85055bf609 100644 --- a/psa/097/009.md +++ b/psa/097/009.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# are most high above all -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh|Most High]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:saint|saints]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] +The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. AT: "rule over all the people who live on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# You are exalted far -* **hand of the wicked** - AT: "control of the wicked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Light is sown for ... and gladness for ...** - These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Yahweh sows light for those who do right and sows gladness for those with honest hearts." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Light is sown for the righteous** - "Sown" is a metaphor for giving. "God gives light to the righteous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. AT: "You are high, far" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he takes them out of the hand of the wicked + +Here the word "hand" represents power. Yahweh rescuing people from the power of wicked people is spoken of as if he took them out of their hands. AT: "he rescues them from the power of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Light is sown for ... and gladness for + +These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Yahweh sows light for those who do right, and he sows gladness for those with honest hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Light is sown for the righteous + +The word "sown" is a metaphor for actions with future results. "Light" is a metaphor for good things. AT: "Yahweh plans for good things to happen to the righteous in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous + +The adjective "righteous" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# gladness for those with honest hearts + +The words "is sown" are understood. The word "sown" is a metaphor for actions with future results. The abstract noun "gladness" can be stated as "happy." AT: "gladness is sown for those with honest hearts" or "Yahweh plans for people with honest hearts to be happy in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# those with honest hearts + +The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "honest people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/012.md b/psa/097/012.md index 8f25e2dadf..8480c2dbc1 100644 --- a/psa/097/012.md +++ b/psa/097/012.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] +This verse has a command followed by the reason for the command. If your language requires the reason to precede the command: "Because of what Yahweh has done for you, you righteous people, be glad and give thanks when you remember his holiness." -## translationNotes +# Be glad in Yahweh -* There are no translation notes for this verse. +This idiom means to be glad because of what Yahweh has done. AT: "Be glad because of what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when you remember his holiness + +Possible meanings are 1) "when you remember how holy he is" or 2) "to his holy name," a metonym for "to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/intro.md b/psa/097/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c6e7eccd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/097/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 097 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's authority ##### +All people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 97:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../096/intro.md) | [>>](../098/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/098/001.md b/psa/098/001.md index 1efb8942b8..c755ed18c2 100644 --- a/psa/098/001.md +++ b/psa/098/001.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amazed|marvel, wonder, be amazed, be astonished]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# a new song -* **his right hand and his holy arm** - These phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. Also, his "hand" and "arm" are used to refer to his power and strength. AT: "his mighty power and great strength," (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is translated in [Psalms 96:1](../096/001.md). + +# his right hand and his holy arm have + +The words "right hand" and "holy arm" refer to Yahweh's strength. Together they emphasize how great his strength is. AT: "his very great power has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# right hand + +the more powerful and skilled hand + +# holy arm + +Here "arm" is a metonym for power. AT: "the power that is his alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have given him victory + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "victory." AT: "have enabled him to be victorious over his enemies" or "has enabled him to defeat his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# made known his salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated using the verb "save." AT: "showed people that he saves his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# showed his justice to all the nations + +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the adjective "just." The word "nations" is a metonym for "the people who live in all the nations." AT: "showed the people who live in all the nations that he is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/098/003.md b/psa/098/003.md index 13e5f0ac85..2b2cf8c32b 100644 --- a/psa/098/003.md +++ b/psa/098/003.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# calls to mind -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] +"remembers." See how "call to mind" is translated in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# all the ends of the earth ... all the earth -* **calls to mind** - "remembers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These are metonyms for the people of the earth. AT: "people from all over the world ... all people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will see the victory of our God + +The abstract noun "victory" can be translated using the verb "defeat." AT: "will see our God defeat his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# burst into song + +"suddenly begin singing happily" + +# sing for joy + +"sing because you are happy" + +# sing praises + +"sing praises to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/098/005.md b/psa/098/005.md index debab9722b..4bfe244dc2 100644 --- a/psa/098/005.md +++ b/psa/098/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# melodious -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] +delightful or pleasing musical sound -## translationNotes +# the horn -* **melodious** - delightful or pleasing musical sound +an animal horn used as a musical instrument + +# make a joyful noise + +"raise a shout." See how "shout" is translated in [Psalms 47:1](../047/001.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/098/007.md b/psa/098/007.md index 89e96fd980..d19c9e6d1d 100644 --- a/psa/098/007.md +++ b/psa/098/007.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the sea shout and everything in it -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:world|world, worldly]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The psalmist speaks as if the sea were a person who could shout to God. AT: "Let it be as if the sea and everything in it shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# the world and those who live in it -* **Let the sea shout** - Here the "sea" is being descibed as shouting to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the world and those who live in it** - "let the world and those who live in it shout (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Let the rivers clap their hands, and let the mountains shout for joy.** - Here the "rivers" are being described as clapping with their hands and the "mountains" are being described as shouting. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **he will judge the world ... and the nations with fairness** - These two phrases have similar meanings are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the nations with fairness** - AT: "he will judge the nations with fairness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **fairness** - "honestly" or "equity" +The psalmist speaks as if the world were a person. AT: "and let the world and those who live in it shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Let the rivers clap their hands, and let the mountains shout for joy + +The psalmist speaks as if the rivers and mountains were people who could clap and shout. AT: "Let it be as though the rivers are clapping their hands and mountains were shouting for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the world ... the nations + +These phrases are metonyms for "the people in the world" and "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations with fairness + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "he will judge the nations with fairness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# with fairness + +"honestly" or "using the same standard for everyone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/098/intro.md b/psa/098/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9b0a74ea5d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/098/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 098 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 98 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +Everyone and every thing should sing praises to Yahweh because he is worthy of all praise. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 98:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../097/intro.md) | [>>](../099/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/099/001.md b/psa/099/001.md index 82e466d8b8..27a107a548 100644 --- a/psa/099/001.md +++ b/psa/099/001.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:awe|awe, awesome]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim]] -* [[en:tw:cherubim|cherubim, cherub]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the nations -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **tremble** - shake with fear -* **He sits enthroned above the cherubim** - AT: "Yahweh rules above the cherubim" -* **quakes** - shakes -* **he is exalted** - "People exalt him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Let them praise your great and awesome name** - Here the author shifts from speaking about God, to speaking to God. After this phrase though, he shifts back to speaking about God. +This refers to the people of all nations. AT: "the people of all nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tremble + +shake with fear + +# He sits enthroned above the cherubim + +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "He sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# quakes + +shakes + +# Yahweh is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the nations + +"Not only is Yahweh great in Zion, he is exalted above all the nations" or "Not only does Yahweh rule in Zion, he rules over all the nations" + +# he is exalted above all the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people in all the nations exalt him" or "people in all nations praise him greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let them praise your great and awesome name + +Here the author shifts from speaking about God, to speaking to God. After this phrase though, he shifts back to speaking about God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/099/004.md b/psa/099/004.md index 006bd48ee7..22a10ecd7c 100644 --- a/psa/099/004.md +++ b/psa/099/004.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he loves justice -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creation|create, creation, Creator]] -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:footstool|footstool]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the phrase "what is just." AT: "he loves doing what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# You have established fairness -* **You have established fairness; you created just rule** - This means God is fair. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **at his footstool** - "before his throne" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "fairness" is a metonym for the laws that are fair. AT: "The laws you have established are fair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# worship at his footstool + +Here the word "footstool" likely refers to the ark of the covenant, which the biblical writers often spoke of as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. The translation can make explicit that the people are to worship Yahweh. AT: "worship Yahweh at his footstool" or "worship Yahweh before his throne in the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/099/006.md b/psa/099/006.md index 583c9c8d94..fff4c77e1d 100644 --- a/psa/099/006.md +++ b/psa/099/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# solemn -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:samuel]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] - -## translationNotes - -* **his solemn commands and the statutes** - These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **solemn** - "sacred" +"sacred" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/099/008.md b/psa/099/008.md index 80b45917d8..bd4b831d6e 100644 --- a/psa/099/008.md +++ b/psa/099/008.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# You answered them -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"You answered your people" -## translationNotes +# his holy hill -* **You answered them** - The word "them" refers to Moses, Aaron, and Samuel. -* **his holy hill** - AT: "Mount Zion" +"Mount Zion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/099/intro.md b/psa/099/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26b3e70fe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/099/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 099 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 99 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's justice ##### +God is just and fair. Moses, Aaron and Samuel each prayed to him and obeyed him and he answered their prayers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 99:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../098/intro.md) | [>>](../100/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/100/001.md b/psa/100/001.md index fba9314055..3b9cd168b5 100644 --- a/psa/100/001.md +++ b/psa/100/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Shout joyfully to Yahweh -* See: Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **all the earth** - AT: "everyone on the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Raise a shout to Yahweh." See how "shout" is translated in [Psalms 47:1](../047/001.md). + +# all the earth + +This refers to all the people of the earth. AT: "everyone on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# come before his presence + +The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. AT: "go to where he is with joyful singing" or "he can hear you, so sing joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/100/003.md b/psa/100/003.md index d1513bdfa1..8a55a3215f 100644 --- a/psa/100/003.md +++ b/psa/100/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the sheep of his pasture -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +God's people are like his sheep. AT: "the people God provides for and protects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# pasture -* **pasture** - a grassy area for feeding animals -* ** the sheep of his pasture** - the people God takes care of (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +a grassy area for feeding animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/100/004.md b/psa/100/004.md index 90c7dcc9f6..cba1c7ad3d 100644 --- a/psa/100/004.md +++ b/psa/100/004.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# with thanksgiving -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"while thanking him" or "while giving thanks to him" -## translationNotes +# bless his name -* **Give thanks to him** - "give thanks to God" -* **endures forever** - AT: "is loyal to us forever" or "will never forsake us" -* **covenant faithfulness endures forever and his truthfulness through all generations** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) AT: "always does what he says he will do" +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "bless Yahweh" or "do what makes Yahweh happy." See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/018.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he is faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his truthfulness through all generations + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun "truthfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "his truthfulness endures through all generations" or "he is truthful through all generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# through all generations + +"generation after generation." See how this is translated in [Psalms 89:4](../089/003.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/100/intro.md b/psa/100/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..173a09eac1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/100/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 100 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 100 is the last of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's care for his creation ##### +God made mankind and takes good care of people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 100:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../099/intro.md) | [>>](../101/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/101/001.md b/psa/101/001.md index d51ed605ea..3cdf163b73 100644 --- a/psa/101/001.md +++ b/psa/101/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# I will sing of covenant faithfulness and justice +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "justice" can be translated with adjectives. AT: "I will sing that you are faithful to your covenant and that you are just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/101/002.md b/psa/101/002.md index 5c5855567d..1be0f2911c 100644 --- a/psa/101/002.md +++ b/psa/101/002.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will walk in the way of integrity -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Here David speaks about "living" as if it were "walking." AT: "I will live in a way that is honest and right" or "I will live a life full of integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I will walk with integrity within my house -* **I will not put wrongdoing before my eyes** - AT: "I will avoid wrongdoing in my presence". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) -* **before my eyes** - The word "eyes" represents the psalmist's attention. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **cling** - hold on to something or someone very tightly +Here David speaks about "living" as if it were walking." Also, David speaks of overseeing his house with integrity, as if integrity were a physical object residing in his house. AT: "I will oversee my house with integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will not put wrongdoing before my eyes + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "wrongdoing." The idiom, "put evil before my eyes," means to approve of it. AT: "I will not approve of anyone doing anything that is wrong in my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it will not cling to me + +David describes "evil" as if it were something unable to cling to him. This means that he would avoid evil things and people doing evil things. AT: "I will completely avoid evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# cling + +hold on to something or someone very tightly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/101/004.md b/psa/101/004.md index 7039ad19c3..185e32381a 100644 --- a/psa/101/004.md +++ b/psa/101/004.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# evil -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor|neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:slander|slander, slanderer]] +"anything that is evil" -## translationNotes +# a proud demeanor and an arrogant attitude -* **a proud demeanor and an arrogant attitude** - These two phrases have the same meaning and are used to emphasize the concept of pride. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **demeanor** - "attitude" or "personality" -* **look to the faithful** - AT: "look to God's faithful people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **walk in the way of integrity** - AT: "live lives full of integrity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful such people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# demeanor + +"attitude" or "personality" + +# I will look to the faithful of the land to sit at my side + +This means that David would allow those people to be around him and live with him. AT: "I will allow the faithful of the land to live with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the faithful + +This refers to the people who are faithful to God. AT: "the faithful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# walk in the way of integrity + +Here David speaks about "living" as if it were "walking." AT: "live in a way that is honest and right" or "live lives full of integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/101/007.md b/psa/101/007.md index d17abddcf4..289a5986e2 100644 --- a/psa/101/007.md +++ b/psa/101/007.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Deceitful people will not ... liars will not -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:house]] +These two phrases have the same idea and are used together to emphasize how David will not tolerate deceitful people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# liars will not be welcome -* **Deceitful people will not ... liars will not ...** - These two phrases have the same idea and are used together to emphasize how David will not tolerate deceitful people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **liars will not be welcome** - "I will not welcome liars" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **before my eyes** - Here "my eyes" refers to David himself. AT: "before me" or "in my presence" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not welcome liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# before my eyes + +Here "my eyes" refers to David himself. AT: "before me" or "in my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Morning by morning + +"Every day" + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people. AT: "the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# from the city of Yahweh + +David is referring to the city that he is in as "the city of Yahweh." This can be made clear. AT: "from this city, which is Yahweh's city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/101/intro.md b/psa/101/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c873e2b7d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/101/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 101 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 101 is a psalm asking God's help in living as a person should. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Encouragement ##### +The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land and restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 101:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../100/intro.md) | [>>](../102/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/001.md b/psa/102/001.md index 851f37142b..be29bd88d5 100644 --- a/psa/102/001.md +++ b/psa/102/001.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the afflicted -* See: Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **overwhelmed** - "faint" or "weak" -* **pours out his lament before Yahweh** - The way the author expresses his lament is compared to pouring out a liquid. AT: "freely expresses his grief to Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to a man who is afflicted. AT: "the afflicted man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# overwhelmed + +"faint" or "weak" + +# pours out his lament before Yahweh + +The way the author expresses his lament is compared to pouring out a liquid. AT: "freely expresses his grief to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/003.md b/psa/102/003.md index 0ad8213efd..4712d45759 100644 --- a/psa/102/003.md +++ b/psa/102/003.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# my days pass away like smoke -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] +Here "my days" refers to the author's life and the idea of "smoke" is something that quickly disappears. AT: "my life passes away quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# my bones burn like fire -* **For my days pass away like smoke** - Here "my days" refers to my life and the idea of "smoke" is something that quickly disappears. AT: "My life passes away quickly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **my bones burn like fire** - AT: "my body feels like it is burning" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **my heart is crushed** - "my heart is broken" +Here the author refers to his "body" as his "bones." AT: "my body feels like it is burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# My heart is crushed + +Here the author refers to himself as his "heart." This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am in despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I am like grass that has withered + +This is another way to describe his despair. AT: "I feel like I am drying up like withered grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/005.md b/psa/102/005.md index 9bd5895b21..675103c06c 100644 --- a/psa/102/005.md +++ b/psa/102/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I am like a pelican of the wilderness -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] +He compares his loneliness to that of a pelican, which is often seem alone instead of with other birds. AT: "I am lonely and despised like a pelican in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# a pelican -* **groaning** - a deep sound someone makes when they are grieving or in pain -* **I am like a pelican of the wilderness** - AT: "I am lonely and despised like a pelican in the wilderness" -* **a pelican** - a large fish-eating bird -* **an owl** - This a a bird that is awake at night. AT: "a night bird" +a large fish-eating bird + +# I have become like an owl in the ruins + +The author continues to describe loneliness by comparing himself to an owl in abandoned ruins. AT: "I have become alone like an owl in abandoned ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# an owl + +This is a bird that is awake at night. AT: "a night bird" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/007.md b/psa/102/007.md index b3677656d4..dbce6c7470 100644 --- a/psa/102/007.md +++ b/psa/102/007.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# I lie awake like a solitary bird -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +The writer compares himself to a bird to emphasize his feeling of loneliness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/009.md b/psa/102/009.md index abebf6e7a1..8038a4f0be 100644 --- a/psa/102/009.md +++ b/psa/102/009.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I eat ashes like bread -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] +David would have sat in ashes as an act of mourning, therefore ashes would have fallen on his food. AT: "I eat ashes like I eat bread" or "As I mourn, ashes fall on the bread that I eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# mix my drink with tears -* **I eat ashes like bread ** - AT: "My food is only ashes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and mix my drink with tears** - AT: "my tears fall into my cup" +David did not purposefully mix his drink with tears; rather his tear would have fallen into his cup while he mourned and wept. AT: "my tears fall into the cup that I drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you have lifted me up to throw me down + +God has not literally lifted and thrown David's body to the ground; rather David says this to describe what he is feeling and experiencing. AT: "it is like you have lifted me up to throw me down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/011.md b/psa/102/011.md index e68778aa66..daf14dadc6 100644 --- a/psa/102/011.md +++ b/psa/102/011.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My days are like a shadow that fades -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:shadow|shadow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +David compares his time left to live on earth to a fading shadow. AT: "My time to remain alive is short like an evening shadow that will soon be gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# I have withered like grass -* **withered** - dry and wrinkled -* **fame** - being known by many people -* **your fame is for all generations** - AT: "you will be recognized for all generations to come" +As David's body becomes weak and he is nearing the end of his life, he compares himself to withering grass. AT: "my body has become weak like withered grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# withered + +dry and wrinkled + +# your fame is for all generations + +"you will be recognized for all generations to come" + +# fame + +being known by many people \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/013.md b/psa/102/013.md index cc435df877..c7d30ca476 100644 --- a/psa/102/013.md +++ b/psa/102/013.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# have mercy on Zion -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] -* [[en:tw:ruin|ruin, ruins]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Here "Zion" refers to the people who live in Zion. AT: "have mercy on the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# upon her -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +The word "her" refers to Zion. + +# hold her stones dear + +The "stones" refer to the stones that were part of the city walls before they were destroyed. AT: "still love the stones that were formerly in the city walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your name + +Here "your name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will honor your glory + +The people will honor Yahweh because of his glory. Here Yahweh is referred to by his glory. AT: "will honor you because you are glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will appear in his glory + +"will be seen as glorious" or "people will see his glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/017.md b/psa/102/017.md index 9838598c2d..a9b1574736 100644 --- a/psa/102/017.md +++ b/psa/102/017.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the destitute -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +This refers to destitute people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# he will not reject their prayer -* **he will not reject their prayer** - AT: "Yahweh will accept their prayers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **This will be written for future generations** - "I will write this for future generations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Yahweh will accept their prayers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# This will be written for future generations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will write this for future generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/019.md b/psa/102/019.md index 82ea1bbbae..b3ee46c465 100644 --- a/psa/102/019.md +++ b/psa/102/019.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For he has looked down from the holy heights; from heaven Yahweh has viewed -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:condemn|condemn]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] +These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together for emphasize how God looks down from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the holy heights -* **For he has looked down ... from heaven Yahweh has viewed ...** - These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together for emphasize how God looks down from heaven. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"his holy place high above the earth" + +# those who were condemned to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom the authorities had sentenced to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/021.md b/psa/102/021.md index 64352affb6..8520d698b6 100644 --- a/psa/102/021.md +++ b/psa/102/021.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# proclaim the name of Yahweh in Zion and his praise in Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize the idea of praising the name of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# his praise -* **proclaim the name of Yahweh in Zion and his praise in Jerusalem** - These two phrases that have the same meaning are used to emphasize the idea of praising the name of Yahweh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and his praise** - "and proclaim his praise" +The missing words may be added. AT: "proclaim his praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/023.md b/psa/102/023.md index 67c2e69986..f5d7e3c1bd 100644 --- a/psa/102/023.md +++ b/psa/102/023.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# taken away my strength -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +David describes God causing him to become weak as if his strength were a physical item that could be taken away from him. AT: "has caused me to become weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my days -* **He has shortened my days** - The word “days” here refers to his life. AT: "He has shortened my life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you are here throughout all generations** - "you live throughout all generations" +The word "days" here refers to his life. AT: "my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not take me away + +David is asking God to not let him die. AT: "do not take me away from the earth" or "do not let me die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are here throughout all generations + +"you are present throughout all generations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/025.md b/psa/102/025.md index 0ffbad4528..62ff1be5fd 100644 --- a/psa/102/025.md +++ b/psa/102/025.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# they will all grow old -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeyear]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +The word "they" refers to "the earth" and "the heavens." -## translationNotes +# your years will have no end -* **they will all grow old** - The word "they" refers to "the earth" and "the heavens". +Here David describes the length of time that God is alive as his "years." This can be written in positive form. AT: "you will live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/028.md b/psa/102/028.md index 03f60ca17e..7ce1b4b3c3 100644 --- a/psa/102/028.md +++ b/psa/102/028.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# will live on -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +"will continue to live" -## translationNotes +# live in your presence -* **will live on** - "will continue to live" +Here David describes the descendants being protected by Yahweh as being in his presence. AT: "be protected as they live in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/intro.md b/psa/102/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c3e1c5b32 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/102/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 102 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 102 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Salvation ##### +The author does not want to die young. He also wants to see Jerusalem saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 102:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../101/intro.md) | [>>](../103/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/001.md b/psa/103/001.md index cb8a509067..2262cef3f4 100644 --- a/psa/103/001.md +++ b/psa/103/001.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **With all my life, I give praise to Yahweh; and with all that is within me, I give praise to his holy name.** - AT: "I should give praise to Yahweh, and to his glorious name, with my whole life" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **and all that is within me** - "my complete physical and non-physical being" (See: Synecdoche) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# I give praise to Yahweh with all my life, and with all that is within me, I give praise to his holy name + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much he will praise Yahweh. AT: "I will praise Yahweh with all that I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# give praise to his holy name + +This refers to praising Yahweh's name as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all that is within me + +"all of me" or "all that I am." David uses this phrase to refer to himself and to emphasize his devotion to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/003.md b/psa/103/003.md index d0339b4b3d..c5df14e0b9 100644 --- a/psa/103/003.md +++ b/psa/103/003.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# your ... you -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Many translations express this with "my, I, me" as the UDB does. -## translationNotes +# He redeems your life from destruction -* **all** - This is exaggeration. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) In some languages it is more natural to say "many." -* **you/your** - Many translations express this with "I/me/my" as the UDB does. -* **he crowns you with covenant faithfulness and acts of tender mercy.** - AT: "he blesses you with his promised faithfulness and acts of mercy." -* **your youth is renewed like the eagle** - AT: "you are made strong like an eagle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This means that Yahweh keeps him alive. AT: "He saves me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he crowns you with covenant faithfulness and acts of tender mercy + +Here blessing someone and treating them with great honor is described as if it were placing a crown on that person's head. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "mercy" can be translated with adverbs. AT: "he blesses you by acting faithfully and mercifully towards you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# He satisfies your life with good things + +The phrase "your life" refers to "you," but it emphasizes that Yahweh gives blessings throughout life. AT: "He satisfies you with good things through your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your youth is renewed like the eagle + +Having your "youth renewed" means to feel young again. Here David compares this feeling of youth to the swiftness and strength of an eagle. AT: "you feel young and are strong like an eagle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# your youth + +The word "youth" refers to the strength one had as a young adult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/006.md b/psa/103/006.md index 1029fdd8f5..9c29604c96 100644 --- a/psa/103/006.md +++ b/psa/103/006.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# does acts of justice for -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"causes justice to happen to" -## translationNotes +# all who are oppressed -* **his deeds to the descendants of Israel.** - AT: "he made known his deeds to the descendants of Israel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **has great covenant loyalty** - "is full of mercy and love" +Who is doing the oppressing can be stated explicitly. AT: "all who are oppressed by men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his deeds to the descendants + +The missing words may be added. AT: "he made known his deeds to the descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# has great covenant loyalty + +"is full of mercy and love" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/009.md b/psa/103/009.md index ad16494c65..38585a57b4 100644 --- a/psa/103/009.md +++ b/psa/103/009.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He will not always discipline; he is not always angry -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:discipline]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# He does not deal with us ... or repay us -* **He will not always discipline; he is not always angry.** - These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He does not deal with us ... or repay us ...** - These two phrases are parallel and emphasize that God does not punish us as we deserve.(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases are parallel and emphasize that God does not punish us as we deserve. AT: "He does not repay us with the punishment we deserve for our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# deal with us + +"punish us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/011.md b/psa/103/011.md index 1aa5732405..7affb3b120 100644 --- a/psa/103/011.md +++ b/psa/103/011.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For as the skies are high ... toward those who honor him -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:guilt|guilt, guilty]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] +The simile compares the great distance between heaven and earth to the greatness of God's love for his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# so great is his covenant faithfulness -* **For as the skies are high ... toward those who honor him.** - The simile compares the great distance between heaven and earth to the greatness of God's love for his people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **As far as the east ...removed the guilt of our sins from us.** - The distance between east and west is so far that it cannot be measured. In this simile, that distance is being compared to how far God moves our guilt away from us. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **As a father has compassion ... on those who honor him.** - Here the author compares a father's compassion for his children to Yahweh's compassion for those who honor him. +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "so he is very faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# As far as the east ... removed the guilt of our sins from us + +The distance between east and west is so far that it cannot be measured. In this simile, that distance is being compared to how far God moves our guilt away from us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# As a father has compassion ... on those who honor him + +Here the author compares a father's compassion for his children to Yahweh's compassion for those who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/014.md b/psa/103/014.md index 584966bbee..df870b669e 100644 --- a/psa/103/014.md +++ b/psa/103/014.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# how we are formed -* [[en:tw:know]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what our bodies are like" or "how he formed our bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# he knows that we are dust -* **As for man, his days are like grass** - In this simile, the length of man's life is being compared to the short length of time that grass grows before it dies. AT: "The length of man's life is like that of grass" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **he flourishes like a flower in a field** - In this simile, how man grows over time is compared to how a flower grows. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **flourish** - grow well or be healthy -* **The wind blows over it, and it disappears...** - These phrases continue to talk about flowers and grass. They compare how flowers and grass die to how man dies. AT: "The wind blow over the flowers and grass and they disappear, and no one can tell where they once grew--it is the same way with man." +When Yahweh created Adam the first man he created him from dust. AT: "he remembers that he created us from dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As for man, his days are like grass + +In this simile, the length of man's life is being compared to the short length of time that grass grows before it dies. AT: "The length of man's life is short like that of grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he flourishes like a flower in a field + +In this simile, how man grows over time is compared to how a flower grows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# flourishes + +To "flourish" is to grow well or be healthy. + +# The wind blows over it, and it disappears ... where it once grew + +These phrases continue to talk about flowers and grass. They compare how flowers and grass die to how man dies. AT: "The wind blows over the flowers and grass and they disappear, and no one can tell where they once grew—it is the same way with man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/017.md b/psa/103/017.md index 0941661b97..257cf4bfed 100644 --- a/psa/103/017.md +++ b/psa/103/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh is -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Yahweh is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# is from everlasting to everlasting -* **their descendants** - "the descendants of those who honor him" -* **They keep his covenant and remember to obey his instructions.** - These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **established** - "made" -* **his kingdom rules** - AT: "He rules" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This means that Yahweh's love continues forever. AT: "will continue forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# their descendants + +"the descendants of those who honor him" + +# They keep his covenant and remember to obey his instructions + +These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Yahweh has established his throne in the heavens + +Here Yahweh's reign as king is referred to as his "throne." AT: "Yahweh has taken his seat in the heavens where he rules as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# established + +"made" + +# his kingdom rules + +Here Yahweh is referred to by "his kingdom" to emphasize his authority as king. AT: "he rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/020.md b/psa/103/020.md index 04979cdc7f..5d061fd1f7 100644 --- a/psa/103/020.md +++ b/psa/103/020.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# carry out his will -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:strength]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is an idiom meaning to "do his will." AT: "do his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# in all the places where he reigns -* **being obedient to his commands** - AT: "and who obey his commands" -* **you are his servants ** - "you, his servants" -* **who carry out his will** - AT: "who do his will" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"praise him in all the places where he reigns" + +# with all my life + +This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. AT: "with all of me" or "with all my soul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/intro.md b/psa/103/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98fe24ceed --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/103/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 103 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 103 is the first in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's grace ##### +God is good to us by forgiving our sins and not punishing us as much as we deserve. His loving-kindness goes on from generation to generation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 103:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../102/intro.md) | [>>](../104/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/001.md b/psa/104/001.md index 88d683ee3e..0aa72e0899 100644 --- a/psa/104/001.md +++ b/psa/104/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]. -* This psalm is a song of praise. -* **splendor and majesty** - These two words have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **You cover yourself with light as with a garment** - AT: "You are covedred in light" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **You lay the beams of your chambers on the clouds** - AT: "You lay the structures of your bedroom in heaven" (See: [[en:ta:workbench:translate:anthro]]) -* **chambers** - "upper room" -* **you make the clouds your chariot** - AT: "you ride the clouds like a chariot" (See: [[en:ta:workbench:translate:anthro]]) -* **you walk on the wings of the wind** - AT: "you walk upon the wind" (See: [[en:ta:workbench:translate:anthro]]) +This psalm is a song of praise. + +# with all my life + +This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. AT: "with all of me" or "with all my soul"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you are clothed with splendor and majesty + +The words "splendor" and "majesty" have similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's glory. They are described as clothing Yahweh like a garment. AT: "you have splendor and majesty all around you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You cover yourself with light as with a garment + +Yahweh is described as being covered with light as if the light were a garment around him. AT: "You are covered in light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you spread out the heavens like a tent curtain + +Here God is described as spreading out the heavens like someone spreads out a tent when setting it up. AT: "you spread out the heavens like someone sets up a tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# You lay the beams of your chambers on the clouds + +"You build your upper rooms in the heavens." This is referring to his house is so tall that the upper floor extends into the clouds. + +# you make the clouds your chariot + +Here the clouds are described as carrying Yahweh as if they were a chariot. AT: "you make the clouds carry you like a chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you walk on the wings of the wind + +Here the blowing of the wind is described as wings on which Yahweh walks. AT: "you walk upon the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/004.md b/psa/104/004.md index c37a14367d..98f51e4cca 100644 --- a/psa/104/004.md +++ b/psa/104/004.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He makes the winds his messengers -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:foundation|foundation, founded]] -* [[en:tw:messenger]] -* [[en:tw:messenger|messenger]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +Possible meanings are 1) he causes the wind to be able to carry a message like a messenger, "He makes the winds to be like his messengers" or 2) "He makes his messengers swift like the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# flames of fire his servants -* **He makes the winds his messengers** - It is also possible to translate this "He makes his messengers like the wind" or "He makes his angels swift" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **flames of fire his servant** - It is also possible to translate this "he makes his servants to be like flames of fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **He laid the foundations of the earth** - AT: "He created the whole earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "he causes flames of fire to be like his servants." He causes fire to serve him like a servant would or 2) "he makes his servants to be like flames of fire"and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# flames of fire his servants + +This can be stated with the implied information from the previous line. AT: "He makes the flames of fire his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# He laid the foundations of the earth + +Here the phrase "laid the foundations" means "created." AT: "He created the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/006.md b/psa/104/006.md index 95057d4931..4e12892720 100644 --- a/psa/104/006.md +++ b/psa/104/006.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# You covered the earth with water like a garment -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Here the water that covered the earth is being compared to how a large garment is able to completely cover something. AT: "You completely covered the earth with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# Your rebuke made the waters ... they fled -* **like a garment** - AT: "completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **recede** - "retreat" or "move back" -* **Your rebuke made the waters ... at the sound of your thunderous voice ...** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how God spoke and the waters went away. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how God spoke and the waters went away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# recede + +"retreat" or "move back" + +# they fled + +Here the psalmist speaks about the waters receding as if they fled like an animal after hearing Yahweh's voice. The word "fled" means to run away quickly. AT: "rushed away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/008.md b/psa/104/008.md index 875b952979..423957071e 100644 --- a/psa/104/008.md +++ b/psa/104/008.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The mountains rose, and the valleys spread out -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:appoint|appoint]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the mountains and valleys to move and change as if they chose to move themselves. They are described this way to emphasize God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# a boundary for them that they will not cross -* **boundary** - "line" or "border" +Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the waters not to cross the boundary that he created for them as if the waters themselves chose not to cross it. They are described this way to emphasize God's authority over them. AT: "a boundary for them that they cannot cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# boundary + +"line" or "border" + +# for them + +The word "them" refers to the waters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/010.md b/psa/104/010.md index bd3104e5e5..3aa69c3907 100644 --- a/psa/104/010.md +++ b/psa/104/010.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# streams -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:fountain|fountain, spring]] -* [[en:tw:quench]] -* [[en:tw:quench|quench]] +small rivers -## translationNotes +# the wild donkeys quench their thirst -* **stream** - a small river -* **riverbanks** - the ground at the edges of a river -* **they sing among the branches** - This refers to the noises or chirping that birds make. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +It can be stated clearly that they quench their thirst by drinking the water. AT: "the wild donkeys drink the water to quench their thirst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# riverbanks + +the ground at the edges of a river + +# they sing among the branches + +Here David describes birds chirping as if they were singing. AT: "they chirp among the tree branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/013.md b/psa/104/013.md index acd343acbf..bec2bf2048 100644 --- a/psa/104/013.md +++ b/psa/104/013.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He waters the mountains from his water chambers in the sky -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This means that God causes it to rain. The waters are described as residing in chambers in the sky. AT: "He waters the mountains by causing the rains to fall from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the fruit of his labor -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +"the many good things that you create" + +# plants for man to cultivate + +The missing words may be added. AT: "makes the plants grow for man to cultivate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/016.md b/psa/104/016.md index d5c2bd5f71..c4083f55a1 100644 --- a/psa/104/016.md +++ b/psa/104/016.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The trees of Yahweh get plenty of rain -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:fir]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh provides plenty of rain for his trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# There the birds make their nests -* **stork** - This is a type of bird. AT: "bird" -* **hyrax** - This is a small animal that looks like a large rodent. AT: "rock badger" +They makes their nests in the cedars. This can be stated clearly. AT: "The birds make their nests in the cedars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# stork + +This is a type of bird. AT: "bird" + +# hyraxes + +I hyrax is a small animal that looks like a large rodent. AT: "rock badger" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/019.md b/psa/104/019.md index f113927f23..cdce5742e9 100644 --- a/psa/104/019.md +++ b/psa/104/019.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# seasons -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] +This word refers to different weather changes through the year. Some places have rainy season and dry season, while others have spring, summer, fall, and winter. -## translationNotes +# the sun knows its time -* **seasons** - This word refers to different weather changes through the year. Some places have rainy season and dry season, while others have spring, summer, fall, and winter. -* **the sun knows its time** - Here it treats the sun as knowing what time of day it is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **You make** - Here the authors switches from speaking about Yahweh to speaking to him. AT: "Yahweh, you make" +Here David describes the sun as if it knows what time of day it is. AT: "he made the sun to set when it is time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# You make + +"Yahweh, you make." Here the authors switches from speaking about Yahweh to speaking to him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/021.md b/psa/104/021.md index 92db42d6ba..e72cd764ac 100644 --- a/psa/104/021.md +++ b/psa/104/021.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# prey -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] +This is an animal that is food for another animal. -## translationNotes +# and seek their food from God -* **prey** - This is an animal that is food for another animal. -* **retreat** - AT: "go back" or "move away" -* **dens** - the homes of some mammals and small animals +"but they rely on God to provide their food" + +# retreat + +"go back" or "move away" + +# dens + +the homes of some mammals and small animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/023.md b/psa/104/023.md index 00115dee29..83aaca0520 100644 --- a/psa/104/023.md +++ b/psa/104/023.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# overflows with your works -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* **overflows with your works** - AT: "is filled with your creations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Here David describes the amount of things that Yahweh had created as if they were a liquid overflowing out of a container. AT: "is filled with your work!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/025.md b/psa/104/025.md index 4ba475ef25..5c6146be14 100644 --- a/psa/104/025.md +++ b/psa/104/025.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# deep and wide -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:leviathan]] +"it is very deep and very wide." The depth and width of the sea emphasizes how large it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# teeming -* **deep and wide** - "it is deep and wide" This means that the sea is great in both directions, depth and width. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **teeming** - "overflowing" -* **innumerable** - "uncountable" -* **both small and great** - This refers to all creatures. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **The ships travel there** - "The ships travel on the sea" +"overflowing" + +# innumerable + +"uncountable" + +# both small and great + +This means creatures of all sizes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# The ships travel there + +"The ships travel on the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/027.md b/psa/104/027.md index ba1968d88d..07cebde50d 100644 --- a/psa/104/027.md +++ b/psa/104/027.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# All these -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] +"All these creatures" -## translationNotes +# give them their food on time -* **give their food on time** - AT: "give them their food when they need it" -* **gather** - "collect" or "glean" +"give them their food when they need it" + +# When you give to them, they gather + +It may be helpful to state that it is food that is given. AT: "When you give food to them, they gather it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# gather + +"collect" + +# when you open your hand + +This describes Yahweh as opening his hand to give food to the creatures. AT: "when you open your hand to feed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/029.md b/psa/104/029.md index 21b33a5fa3..a2d3a7f1df 100644 --- a/psa/104/029.md +++ b/psa/104/029.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# hide your face -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +This means that Yahweh does not look at them or pay attention to them. AT: "when you do not look upon them" or "when you ignore them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# return to dust -* **hide your face** - AT: "when you do not look upon them" or "when you ignore them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **dust** - "dirt" or "ground" -* **When you send out your Spirit, they are created** - AT: "Your Holy Spirit gives life and creates them" -* **renew** - to make something new again -* **the countryside** - "the land" +This means that their bodies decay and are and become soil again. AT: "their bodies decay and return to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When you send out your Spirit + +This refers to his Spirit being sent to give life to creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they are created + +It is Yahweh's spirit that created them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you renew the countryside + +"you cause the land to be full of new life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/031.md b/psa/104/031.md deleted file mode 100644 index c8bc215cdb..0000000000 --- a/psa/104/031.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. diff --git a/psa/104/033.md b/psa/104/033.md index 72f25e0c4c..2759208e0f 100644 --- a/psa/104/033.md +++ b/psa/104/033.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# my thoughts be sweet -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] - -## translationNotes - -* **my thoughts be sweet** - He is comparing his thoughts to something that tastes sweet. AT: "my thoughts be pleasing' or "my thoughts please" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +He is comparing his thoughts to something that tastes sweet. AT: "my thoughts be pleasing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/035.md b/psa/104/035.md index f816568ffa..c30cc5577a 100644 --- a/psa/104/035.md +++ b/psa/104/035.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# vanish -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +"disappear" -## translationNotes +# let the wicked be no more -* **vanish from the earth** - AT: "die and no longer live on the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **let the wicked be no more** - AT: "let the wicked die" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The phrase "the wicked" refers to wicked people. AT: "may wicked people disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/intro.md b/psa/104/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..623dc4ce42 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/104/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 104 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 104 is the second in the series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Yahweh's creation ##### +God has created everything good on earth, in the sky and in the sea. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 104:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../103/intro.md) | [>>](../105/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/001.md b/psa/105/001.md index 480d06b45b..33c5540405 100644 --- a/psa/105/001.md +++ b/psa/105/001.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# call on his name ... Boast in his holy name -* See: Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **call on his name ... in his holy name** - Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "call on him ... boast in Yahweh ..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice** - Here "the heart" represents the person who seeks Yahweh. AT: "let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "call on him ... Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations + +This refers to the people in the nations. AT: "the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice + +Here "the heart" represents the person who seeks Yahweh. AT: "let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/004.md b/psa/105/004.md index ae724b6548..0f5be94b4c 100644 --- a/psa/105/004.md +++ b/psa/105/004.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Seek Yahweh and his strength -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +To "seek Yahweh's strength" means to ask him to strengthen you. AT: "Seek Yahweh and ask him to give you his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Recall -* **recall** - "remember" -* **decrees from his mouth** - "that he has spoken" -* **his miracles and ...** - "Remember his miracles and ..." -* **you descendants of Abraham ... you people of Jacob ...** - The author is speaking to the Israelites, calling them these names. +"Remember" + +# his miracles and + +It may be helpful to add the missing words. AT: "remember his miracles and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# decrees from his mouth + +Here "mouth" refers to the things that he spoke. AT: "decrees that he has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you descendants of Abraham ... you people of Jacob + +The author is speaking to the Israelites, calling them these names. + +# Abraham his servant + +"Abraham, Yahweh's servant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/007.md b/psa/105/007.md index b075ca6877..7bbed2de10 100644 --- a/psa/105/007.md +++ b/psa/105/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He keeps in mind ... the word that he commanded -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. The word "word" refers to the covenant. AT: "He keeps in mind his covenant forever, the promise he made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# keeps in mind -* **He keeps in mind ... the word that he commanded ...** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. The word "word" refers to the covenant. AT: "He remembers his covenant forever, the promise he made for 1,000 generations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a thousand generation** - "1,000 generations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This means to remember and think about something. AT: "remembers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a thousand generations + +"1,000 generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/009.md b/psa/105/009.md index ceec331ff8..6bd04ea0e4 100644 --- a/psa/105/009.md +++ b/psa/105/009.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He calls to mind -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +The phrase "call to mind" means to remember something. AT: "he remembers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the covenant that he made with Abraham ... his oath to Isaac -* **he calls to mind** - "he remembers" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his oath to Isaac** - "his oath that he gave to Isaac" +Both of these phrases "the covenant" and "the oath" refer to the same promise that Yahweh made to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his oath to Isaac + +It may be helpful to add the missing words. AT: "his oath that he gave to Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/012.md b/psa/105/012.md index 9a6a06cfc1..4956b29cb4 100644 --- a/psa/105/012.md +++ b/psa/105/012.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +The psalmist is writing about Israel. -## translationNotes +# when they were only few in number -* **when they were only few in number** - The word "they" refers to the Israelites. -* **and were strangers in the land** - It is implied that "the land" refers to Canaan. AT: "and were foreigners in the land of Canaan" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **from nation to nation and from one kingdom to another** - These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The word "they" refers to the Israelites. + +# were strangers in the land + +It is implied that "the land" refers to Canaan. AT: "were foreigners in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They went from + +"They continued to wander" + +# from nation to nation and from one kingdom to another + +These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/014.md b/psa/105/014.md index 13c85b7c45..24d3bd9464 100644 --- a/psa/105/014.md +++ b/psa/105/014.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] +The psalmist is writing about Israel. -## translationNotes +# for their sakes -* **for their sakes** - "for their own well-being" -* **Do not touch my anointed ones** - AT: "Do not harm the people I have anointed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"for their own well-being." This is referring to Israel. + +# Do not touch my anointed ones + +Here "touch" means to harm, it's an exaggeration Yahweh used to strengthen his warning to not harm his people. AT: "Do not harm the people I have anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/016.md b/psa/105/016.md index 2354749ef5..0a7582563c 100644 --- a/psa/105/016.md +++ b/psa/105/016.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He called for -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"He sent." This means that caused a famine to happen in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# the whole supply of bread -* **He sent a man ahead of them** - AT: "He sent a man ahead of them to Egypt" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Joseph was sold as a servant** - AT: "Joseph's brothers sold him as a slave" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "the whole supply of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He sent a man ahead of them; Joseph + +It may be helpful to state that he sent him ahead of them to Egypt. AT: "He sent a man ahead of them to Egypt; he sent Joseph who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Joseph was sold as a servant + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joseph's brothers sold him as a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/018.md b/psa/105/018.md index 321d3ab1dd..d2ab887a93 100644 --- a/psa/105/018.md +++ b/psa/105/018.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# shackles -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +metal restraints used to fasten a prisoner's wrists or ankles together -## translationNotes +# His feet were bound by shackles; on his neck was put an iron collar -* **He called ... he cut ... he sent** - The word "he" in these phrases refers to God. -* **His feet were bound by shackles ... iron chains were put on him** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **shackles** - metal restraints used to fasten a prisoner's wrists or ankles together -* **until the time that his prediction ... proved him to be right** - These two phrases share similar meanings and used together for emphasis. AT: "until the time when the word of Yahweh proved Joseph's prediction to be true." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These statements can be restated as active. AT: "The Egyptians bound his feet in shackles; they put an iron collar around his neck. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the word of Yahweh tested him + +"the message of Yahweh tested him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/020.md b/psa/105/020.md index 77bf90fb09..59bbfe3879 100644 --- a/psa/105/020.md +++ b/psa/105/020.md @@ -1,20 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The king sent servants to release him; the ruler of the people set him free -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:ham]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that the king set Joseph free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Then Israel came into Egypt -* **The king sent and released him; the ruler of the people set him free** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that the king set Joseph free. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Then Israel came into Egypt** - Here "Israel" refers to Jacob. Jacob also brought his family with him. AT: "Then Israel and his family came into Egypt" +Here "Israel" refers to Jacob. Jacob also brought his family with him. AT: "Then Israel and his family came into Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/024.md b/psa/105/024.md index b26e2d6832..d7c0895b00 100644 --- a/psa/105/024.md +++ b/psa/105/024.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh made his people fruitful -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +The writer speaks of the increase of Israel as if they were a plant that produced a lot of fruit. "God increased the number of his people greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to hate his people, to mistreat his servants -* **They performed his signs ... his wonders ...** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Moses and Aaron performed God's miracles in Egypt among the descendants of Ham" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **his wonders in the land of Ham** - "and they preformed his wonders in the land of Ham" +"to hate his people and to mistreat his servants" + +# They performed his signs ... his wonders in the land of Ham + +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Moses and Aaron performed God's miracles in Egypt among the descendants of Ham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his wonders + +The missing words may be added. AT: "and they performed his wonders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/028.md b/psa/105/028.md index 41efafc2b9..e7115bdf79 100644 --- a/psa/105/028.md +++ b/psa/105/028.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# made that land dark -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +"made the sky dark" -## translationNotes +# frogs -* **He made the land dark** - AT: "He made the sky dark" -* **frogs** - a small jumping reptile -* **even in the rooms of their rulers** - "they were even in the rooms of their rulers" +a small jumping reptile + +# even in the rooms of their rulers + +"they were even in the rooms of their rulers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/031.md b/psa/105/031.md index c01b8b738a..911f1d46a5 100644 --- a/psa/105/031.md +++ b/psa/105/031.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +The psalmist continues to describe Yahweh's judgment on Egypt. -## translationNotes +# swarms -* **gnats** - small flying insects like flies but smaller -* **swarms** - large flying groups -* **hail** - ice that falls from the sky like rain +large flying groups + +# gnats + +small flying insects like flies but smaller + +# hail + +ice that falls from the sky like rain + +# He destroyed ... he broke + +God caused the hail, rain, and lightning to ruin the vines and trees. AT: "He caused it to destroy ... and to break" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/034.md b/psa/105/034.md index 323ccc9652..d712947ca0 100644 --- a/psa/105/034.md +++ b/psa/105/034.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# so many locusts -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] +"there were so many locusts" -## translationNotes +# The locusts ate up all of the vegetation ... They ate up all the crops of the ground -* **so many locusts** - "there were so many locusts" -* **The locusts ate up all vegetation ... They ate up all the crops ...** - These two phrase have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "The insects ate all the plants and all the crops in the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He killed every firstborn in their land, the first fruits of all their strength** - Here the second phrase about the "first fruits" is used to describe the "firstborn" in the first phrase. AT: "He killed every firstborn in their land, which were the first fruits of all their strength" +These two phrase have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "The insects ate all the plants and all the crops in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He killed every firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of all their strength + +Here the second phrase about the "firstfruits" is used to describe the "firstborn" in the first phrase. AT: "He killed every firstborn in their land, which were the firstfruits of all their strength" or "Then Yahweh killed the oldest son in every house of the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/037.md b/psa/105/037.md index d8a4ea545b..2f7a504848 100644 --- a/psa/105/037.md +++ b/psa/105/037.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He brought the Israelites out with silver and gold -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +When the Israelites left Egypt they took silver and gold with them. AT: "He brought the Isrealites out of Egypt with silver and gold in their possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# none of his tribes stumbled on the way -* **with silver and gold** - AT: "with silver and gold in their possession" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **none of his tribes stumbled on the way** - AT: "no one was unable to make the journey" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Egypt was glad** - AT: The people of Egypt were glad (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **He spread a cloud for a covering** - AT: "He placed a cloud in the sky to protect them from the sun and heat" +No one was left behind. This can be stated positively AT: "all of his tribes was able to make the journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Egypt was glad + +Here "Egypt" refers to the people who live in Egypt. AT: The people of Egypt were glad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He spread a cloud for a covering + +Here the psalmist describes Yahweh placing a cloud in the sky as if he were spreading out a garment. The cloud was a "covering" to protect them from the sun. AT: "He placed a cloud in the sky to protect them from the sun and heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# made a fire to light up the night + +Yahweh placed a pillar of fire in the sky to give light during the night. AT: "placed a fire it the sky to light up the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/040.md b/psa/105/040.md index 261b866ab2..3cced73c64 100644 --- a/psa/105/040.md +++ b/psa/105/040.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# he brought quail -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +It may be helpful to make clear that quail are small birds Yahweh sent for them to eat. AT: "Yahweh sent small birds to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# with bread from heaven -* **and he brought quail** - AT: "and Yahweh brought small birds to eat" -* **with bread from heaven** - AT: "with bread that fell from the sky" -* **called to mind** - "remembered" +Yahweh caused manna, a type of bread, to fall from the sky. AT: "with bread that fell from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they flowed + +"the waters flowed" + +# called to mind + +This means to remember. AT: "remembered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/043.md b/psa/105/043.md index fafd92307a..91728d9e0b 100644 --- a/psa/105/043.md +++ b/psa/105/043.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He led his people out ... his chosen with shouts of triumph -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God's people were joyful when he led them out of Egypt. The people were shouting joyfully. AT: "He led his chosen people out with shouts of joy and triumph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# his chosen -* **He led his people out ... his chosen with shouts ...** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to empahsize that God's people were joyful when he led them out of Egypt. AT: "He led his chosen people out with shouts of joy and triumph" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **triumph** - "celebration" or "joy" -* **keep his statutes and obey his laws** - These two phrase have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here "chosen" refers to Yahweh's chosen people. AT: "his chosen people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# triumph + +"celebration" or "joy" + +# keep his statutes and obey his laws + +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. "To keep" his statutes means to obey them. AT: "obey his laws and statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/intro.md b/psa/105/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e554b0cfea --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/105/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 105 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 105 is the third in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +God protected Abraham and Jacob. He worked throughout Israel's history to bring Israel into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 105:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../104/intro.md) | [>>](../106/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/001.md b/psa/106/001.md index 7a03d6170b..b0acdebb76 100644 --- a/psa/106/001.md +++ b/psa/106/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:endure|endure, endurance]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:good|good, goodness]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Who can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... ?** - The author asks this question to praise God and does not expect an answer. AT: "No one can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **praiseworthy deeds** - "deeds that are worthy of praise" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "for he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Who can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... deeds? + +The author asks this question to praise God and does not expect an answer. AT: "No one can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# praiseworthy deeds + +"deeds that are worthy of praise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/003.md b/psa/106/003.md index c6096dd955..7e1ca3b294 100644 --- a/psa/106/003.md +++ b/psa/106/003.md @@ -1,33 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Call me to mind -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:favor|favor, favorable, favoritism]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The phrase "call to mind" means to remember something. AT: "remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# of your chosen -* **Call me to mind** - "remember me" -* **of your chosen** - "of your chosen people" -* **gladness** - AT: "joy" or "delight" -* **glory with your inheritance** - AT: "boast of your greatness with your people." +The word "chosen" refers to Yahweh's chosen people. AT: "of your chosen people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# rejoice in the gladness ... and glory + +These are things that David says he will do, along with "seeing the prosperity of your chosen." The missing words may be added. AT: "I will rejoice in the gladness ... and I will glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# gladness + +"joy" or "delight" + +# glory with your inheritance + +Here the phrase "your inheritance" refers to the Isrealites, who are Yahweh's chosen people. Here "glory" means "to boast about" something; in this case they are boasting about Yahweh. AT: "boast of your greatness with your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/006.md b/psa/106/006.md index 73c339a5b4..ca85b4f12e 100644 --- a/psa/106/006.md +++ b/psa/106/006.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# did not appreciate your marvelous deeds -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amazed|marvel, wonder, be amazed, be astonished]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:redsea|Red Sea, Sea of Reeds]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"were not grateful for the marvelous deed you did" -## translationNotes +# they ignored your many acts of covenant faithfulness -* **did not appreciate your marvelous deeds** - "we not grateful for the marvelous deed you did" -* **at the sea, the Red Sea** - The repetition here is for poetic emphasis. AT: "at the Red Sea" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "they ignored the many things that you did because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# at the sea ... the Sea of Reeds + +These two phrases refer to the same sea. The second is the name of the sea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/008.md b/psa/106/008.md index 617bb4c915..90d1219690 100644 --- a/psa/106/008.md +++ b/psa/106/008.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Nevertheless -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:reveal|reveal, revelation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +"Yet" or "Even so" -## translationNotes +# for his name's sake -* **Nevertheless ** - "Yet" or "Even so" -* **through the depths, as through a wilderness** - AT: "through the Red Sea on dry ground" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the depths** - AT: "the riverbed" +Here "his name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "for the sake of his own reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# through the depths, as through a wilderness + +Here David compares the way that Yahweh led the Isrealites through the Sea of Reeds to the way people can be led across the dry ground of a wilderness. "The depths" refers the riverbed that appeared after Yahweh parted the waters. AT: "through the Seas of Reeds on dry ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/010.md b/psa/106/010.md index dd9be1efc6..0ecd69bd13 100644 --- a/psa/106/010.md +++ b/psa/106/010.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He saved them from the hand ... and he rescued them from the hand -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:believe|believe, believe in, belief]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh saved them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the hand of those who hated them -* **He saved them from the hand ... and he rescued them from the power ...** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: See UDB. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the hand of those who hated them** - AT: "the oppression of those who hated them" or "the control of those who hated them" -* **covered their adversaries** - AT: "drowned their enemies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Then they believed his words** - Here the word "they" refers to "their ancestors" and the word "his" refers to "Yahweh". +Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "the power of those who hated them" or "the control of those who hated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# covered their adversaries + +This is a polite way to talk about them drowning. AT: "drowned their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Then they believed his words + +Here the word "they" refers to "their ancestors" and the word "his" refers to "Yahweh". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/013.md b/psa/106/013.md index 9974c17f9d..38e96e7110 100644 --- a/psa/106/013.md +++ b/psa/106/013.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# they did not wait for his instructions -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:consume|consume]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +It is implied that they did things without waiting to find out what Yahweh wanted them to go. AT: "they did things without first waiting for Yahweh's instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# insatiable cravings -* **insatiable cravings** - "cravings that could not be satisfied" -* **they challenged God** - AT: "They rebelled against God" -* **consumed** - "overtook" or "took over" +"cravings that could not be satisfied" + +# they challenged God + +"They rebelled against God" + +# consumed + +"overtook" or "took over" + +# but sent a disease + +Here David speaks about Yahweh causing the people to be afflicted by a disease as if Yahweh sent a disease to them in the same way that someone sends a person or a messenger. AT: "but he caused a disease to consume their bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/016.md b/psa/106/016.md index 147136a791..521950046b 100644 --- a/psa/106/016.md +++ b/psa/106/016.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# In the camp -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This refers to the Israelites' camp in the wilderness. AT: "In the camp in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# The earth opened and swallowed up -* **In the camp** - AT: "In the camp in the wilderness" -* **The earth opened and swallowed up** - Here how the ground opens up and buries the people is being compared to how a creature swallows something. AT: "The earth opened and buried" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Dathan** - This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Abiram** - This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Fire broke out among them; the fire consumed the wicked** - These two phrases mean the same things and are written together to emphasize how the wicked people were killed by the fire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Here how the ground opens up and buries the people is being compared to how a creature swallows something. AT: "The earth opened and buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Dathan + +This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# covered the followers of Abiram + +The followers of Abiram were also buried when the earth opened and buried Dathan. AT: "it also covered the followers of Abiram" or "it also buried the followers of Abiram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Abiram + +This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Fire broke out among them; the fire consumed the wicked + +These two phrases mean the same things and are written together to emphasize how the wicked people were killed by the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/019.md b/psa/106/019.md index 42d1acd111..11bc65735b 100644 --- a/psa/106/019.md +++ b/psa/106/019.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They made a calf at Horeb and worshiped a cast metal figure -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:cow|cow, calf, bull]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:horeb]] -* [[en:tw:horeb|Horeb]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:image|image, carved figure, cast metal figure]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:savior|Savior]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +This information can be reordered so that it is clear that the calf was the cast metal figure. AT: "At Horeb, they made a cast metal figure of a calf and worshiped it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# They traded the glory of God for the image of a bull -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This means that instead of worshiping God they worshiped the image of the bull. AT: "They traded worshiping the glory of God to worship the image of a bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the glory of God + +Here God is referred to by his glory. AT: "their glorious God" or "God who is glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/022.md b/psa/106/022.md index 0ff86fd247..320a602da9 100644 --- a/psa/106/022.md +++ b/psa/106/022.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the land of Ham -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:ham]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +This refers to the land where Ham's descendants lived. AT: "the land where Ham's descendant live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## translationNotes +# mighty acts -* **the land of Ham** - AT: "the land where Ham's descendant live" -* **mighty acts** - "awesome things" -* **intervened with him in the breach to turn away his anger from destroying them ** - AT: "stood between Yahweh and the Israelites and begged Yahweh to not destroy them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"awesome things" + +# intervened with him in the breach ... from destroying them + +Here David speaks about Moses persuading Yahweh not to destroy the Israelites as intervening with him in the breach. AT: "stood between Yahweh and the Israelites and begged Yahweh to not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/024.md b/psa/106/024.md index cc5cb3162c..a20d11fb83 100644 --- a/psa/106/024.md +++ b/psa/106/024.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# grumbled -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +"complained" -## translationNotes +# his promise -* **fruitful** - "pleasant" or "beloved" -* **grumbled** - "complained" +This refers to Yahweh's promise that he would allow them to take the land of Canaan as their possession. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/026.md b/psa/106/026.md index 7e00080e9a..7f3629f814 100644 --- a/psa/106/026.md +++ b/psa/106/026.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# raised his hand -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] +The word "his" refers to Yahweh. Also, it was custom to raise a hand when swearing an oath. -## translationNotes +# scatter their descendants ... in foreign lands -* **raised his hand** - The Israelites often raised their hands when swearing an oath. -* **scatter their descendants among the nations, and scatter them in foreign lands.** - These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "and that he would make their descendants live in foreign lands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **scatter** - This means to disperse or spread out something. +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "and that he would make their descendants live in foreign lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# scatter + +This means to disperse or spread out something. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/028.md b/psa/106/028.md index 7c083ce886..fd61e1a53c 100644 --- a/psa/106/028.md +++ b/psa/106/028.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the sacrifices offered to the dead -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sacrifices that they offered to the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to the dead -* **Peor** - This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **to the dead** - "The dead" refers to the idols and gods that the Israelites were worshiping. AT: "to gods who are dead" or "to lifeless gods" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a plague broke out** - "a plague spread" -* **provoked him to anger** - AT: "angered him" +"The dead" refers to the idols and gods that the Israelites were worshiping. AT: "to gods who are dead" or "to lifeless gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# a plague broke out + +"a plague spread" + +# provoked him to anger + +"angered him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/030.md b/psa/106/030.md index 0d367793b3..45e01e0f0b 100644 --- a/psa/106/030.md +++ b/psa/106/030.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Then Phinehas rose to intervene -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:phinehas|Phinehas]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Phinehas intervened among the people, punishing them for their sin. This can be made clear. AT: "Then Phinehas rose to intervene among the people because of their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# It was counted to him as a righteous deed -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People credited it to him as a righteous deed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/032.md b/psa/106/032.md index b47775628b..228cfd743a 100644 --- a/psa/106/032.md +++ b/psa/106/032.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Meribah -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:moses|Moses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:snare]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# suffered because of them -* **Meribah** - This is a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **suffered because of them** - AT: "suffered because of what they did" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **spoke rashly** - AT: "spoke without thinking" -* **but they mingled with the nations ** - AT: "but they mixed in marriage with the other nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Moses suffered because of the peoples' sin. Here the word "them" is a pronoun for the people and a metonym referring to their sin. AT: "suffered because of their actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but they mingled with the nations + +Hey David speaks of the people intermarrying with the women from other nations as "mingling" with them. AT: "but they mixed in marriage with the other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# which became a snare to them + +The idols became a snare to them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/037.md b/psa/106/037.md index 940c6a6a11..fc92e4edd8 100644 --- a/psa/106/037.md +++ b/psa/106/037.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# They shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and of their daughters -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan|Canaan, Canaanite]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:defile|defile, be defiled, desecrate]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demon|demon, evil spirit, unclean spirit]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:innocent|innocent]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful]] -* [[en:tw:unfaithful|unfaithful]] +The phrase "shedding blood" is a descriptive euphemism used for "killing." AT: "They shed innocent blood when they killed their sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# They were defiled by their deeds -* **They shed innocent blood** - AT: "They killed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **They were defiled by their deeds** - AT: "Their deeds defiled them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in their actions they were like prostitutes** - AT: "they were as unfaithful to Yahweh as prostitutes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their deeds defiled them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in their actions they were like prostitutes + +Here David compares their unfaithfulness to Yahweh to the unfaithfulness of a prostitute. AT: "they were as unfaithful to Yahweh as prostitutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/040.md b/psa/106/040.md index c04dc7a9f7..ef021a32cb 100644 --- a/psa/106/040.md +++ b/psa/106/040.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# So Yahweh was angry with his people ... he despised his own people -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] +"So Yahweh was angry with his people and despised them" -## translationNotes +# He gave them into the hand of the nations -* **He handed them over to the nations** - AT: "God allowed them to be captured by the nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **those who hated them** - "people who hated them" +Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "God allowed the nations to take control of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who hated them + +"people who hated them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/042.md b/psa/106/042.md index 1e9c0ed40d..db42a023f6 100644 --- a/psa/106/042.md +++ b/psa/106/042.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# they were brought into subjection to their authority -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:subject]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their enemies caused them to be subject to their authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# were brought low by their own sin -* **and they were brought into subjection to their authority.** - AT: "and their enemies caused them to be subject to their authority" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **were brought low by their own sin.** - AT: "their sin ruined them" or "their sin destroyed them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here the phrase "brought low" means to be destroyed. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "their sin ruined them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/044.md b/psa/106/044.md index 61ded65769..20d1ebb0e9 100644 --- a/psa/106/044.md +++ b/psa/106/044.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Nevertheless -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] +"Yet" or "Even so." See how you translated this in [Psalms 106:8](./008.md). -## translationNotes +# their distress -* **Nevertheless** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:106:008]]. -* **their distress** - "their affliction" or "their suffering" -* **and relented** - AT: "and he had compassion towards them" -* **to have pity on them** - "to be compassionate on them" +"their affliction" or "their suffering" + +# called to mind + +The phrase "call to mind" means to remember something. AT: "remembered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# relented + +"he had compassion towards them" + +# their conquerers + +"their captors." This refers to the Isrealites' enemies who had taken them captive. + +# to have pity on them + +"to be compassionate on them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/047.md b/psa/106/047.md index 09a0556ee3..e9ab9ec200 100644 --- a/psa/106/047.md +++ b/psa/106/047.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:amen|amen, truly]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] +Here 106:48 is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 4 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 90 and ends with Psalm 106. -## translationNotes +# May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised -* **May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised** - AT: "May people praise Yahweh, the God of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from everlasting to everlasting** - AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people praise Yahweh the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to your holy name + +Here Yahweh is referred to by his "holy name." AT: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from everlasting to everlasting + +This refers to two extremes and means for all time. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md). AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/intro.md b/psa/106/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5fbc9086c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/106/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 106 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 106 is the fourth in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's sin ##### +Although Israel continually sinned in the desert, God still took them to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 106:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../105/intro.md) | [>>](../107/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/001.md b/psa/107/001.md index f7ee5acf82..4e03d9bc5c 100644 --- a/psa/107/001.md +++ b/psa/107/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* See: talink Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Give thanks to Yahweh...endures forever** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:106:001]]. -* **the redeemed of Yahweh** - "those whom Yahweh has saved" -* **speak out** - AT: "speak in order to give thanks to Yahweh." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **from the power the enemy** - Possible meanings are 1) "from the power of their enemy" or 2) "from trouble." -* **foreign lands** - "many lands" or "many countries" -* **from the east ...and from the south** - AT: "from every direction" or "from every part of the world." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south** - AT: "he has gathered them from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **He has gathered them out of foreign lands, from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south** - AT: "He has gathered them from everywhere that they were scattered." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the redeemed of Yahweh + +"The redeemed" refers to the people whom Yahweh has saved. AT: "those whom Yahweh has saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# speak out + +This means to tell others about something. AT: "tell about what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# from the hand of the enemy + +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "from the power of the enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the east ... and from the south + +Here the four directions are given to emphasize that he gather them from everywhere. AT: "from every direction" or "from every part of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south + +This describes the places that Yahweh gather his people from. AT: "he has gathered them from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/004.md b/psa/107/004.md index 128689a705..e8f5d12be2 100644 --- a/psa/107/004.md +++ b/psa/107/004.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They wandered -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] +"Some people wandered" -## translationNotes +# on a desert road -* **They wandered** - "Some people wandered" -* **on a desert road** - "on a road that was in the desert" -* **in which to live** - "that they could live in" -* **they called out to Yahweh** - It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. AT: "they prayed to Yahweh for help" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **distress ** - "difficulties" or "afflictions" +"on a road that was in the desert" + +# in which to live + +"that they could live in" + +# Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble + +It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. AT: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# distress + +"difficulties" or "afflictions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/008.md b/psa/107/008.md index c09791f9f6..fad4e96a61 100644 --- a/psa/107/008.md +++ b/psa/107/008.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +Here the word "Oh" is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" or "People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# humanity -* **Oh that people would praise Yahweh** - This is a third person command "Let people praise Yahweh" or "People should praise Yahweh" -* **for his covenant faithfulness** - "because he faithfully loves them" -* **For he satisfies the longings of those who are thirsty** - “he gives water to those who desire it—to those who are thirsty” -* **and the desires of those who are hungry he fills up with good things** - “those who are very hungry and desire food, he give them good things to eat.” -* **for humanity** - "for all people" -* **Some sat** - It is implied that these are people that Yahweh has rescued. AT: "Yahweh also rescued people who sat." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in gloom** - "in complete darkness" +"people" or "humans" + +# For he satisfies the longings of those who are thirsty + +"For he gives water to those who desire it—to those who are thirsty" + +# the desires of those who are hungry he fills up with good things + +"to those who are very hungry and desire food, he give them good things to eat" + +# for humanity + +"for all people" + +# Some sat + +It is implied that these are people that Yahweh has rescued. AT: "Yahweh also rescued people who sat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in darkness and in gloom + +Both "darkness" and "gloom" have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. AT: "in complete darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/011.md b/psa/107/011.md index d14f45e286..d104d6a744 100644 --- a/psa/107/011.md +++ b/psa/107/011.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# they had rebelled against God's word ... rejected the instruction of the Most High -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:mosthigh]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +These phrases have similar meanings and emphasize how much they had rebelled again God, which is why they had been imprisoned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# He humbled their hearts through hardship -* **This was because they had rebelled against God's word and rejected the instruction of the Most High** - These clauses have much the same meaning. AT: "They were in prison because they refused to obey God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **He humbled their hearts through hardship** - The heart represents the will of a person. AT: "He used suffering to make them willing to listen to himself." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **hardship** - Possible meanings are 1) "trouble" or 2) "hard labor." -* **they stumbled and there** - The word "stumbled" refers to times when these people got into very difficult situations and could not get themselves out of these situations. AT: "they were in trouble, but there." -* **Then they called out…their distress** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:107:004]], but notice that "rescued" and "brought" are different ideas, although they express the same general thought. -* **he brought** - "he saved" +Here the heart represents a person, but specifically his will. AT: "He humbled them by allowing them to suffer hardship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# hardship + +Possible meanings are 1) "trouble" or 2) "hard labor." + +# they stumbled and there was no one to help them up + +The word "stumbled" refers to times when these people got into very difficult situations. AT: "they got into trouble and there was no one to help them out of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble + +It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./004.md). AT: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# their distress + +"difficulties" or "afflictions." See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./004.md) + +# he brought + +Here David describes Yahweh saving them from their distress as if their distress were a physical place that he was bringing them out of. AT: "he saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/014.md b/psa/107/014.md index 80255db558..73825989e6 100644 --- a/psa/107/014.md +++ b/psa/107/014.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He brought them -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] +"Yahweh brought those in prison" -## translationNotes +# darkness and gloom -* **He brought them** - "Yahweh brought those in prison" -* **darkness and gloom** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:107:008]]. -* **Oh that people...for humanity** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:107:008]]. -* **For he** - "because he" -* **For he has broken the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron** - AT: "He freed his people from prison" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Both "darkness" and "gloom" have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:10](./008.md). AT: "complete darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness + +Here the word "Oh" is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](./008.md). AT: "Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" or "People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For he + +"because he" + +# For he has broken the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron + +Both of these phrases describe Yahweh freeing his people from prison and are used to emphasize that Yahweh truly freed them. AT: "He freed his people from prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/017.md b/psa/107/017.md index eb139ee9f8..6dcfdb0145 100644 --- a/psa/107/017.md +++ b/psa/107/017.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They were foolish in their rebellious ways -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"They were foolish in the way they rebelled against Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# afflicted -* **They were foolish in their rebellious ways** - ."Some people were foolish" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in their rebellious ways** - The word "ways" refers to how a person acts. AT: "because they refused to obey." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and afflicted because of their sins** - "they became sick because of their sins" -* **they came close to the gates of death** - AT: "they almost died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Then they called out…their distress** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:107:011]]. +"they suffered." Specifically they were afflicted by becoming sick. AT: "they became sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they came close to the gates of death + +Here the act of "dying" is described as a place, "the gates of death" AT: "they almost died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble + +It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./004.md). AT: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/020.md b/psa/107/020.md index 8270942bf8..593c460c5a 100644 --- a/psa/107/020.md +++ b/psa/107/020.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He sent his word and healed them -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. Possible meanings are 1) "He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed" or 2) "He encouraged them and healed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness -* **He sent his word** - Yahweh sends his word as though it were his messenger. AT: "Yahweh gave them his word." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **and healed them** - "in order to heal them." The word "them" refers to the people who had become foolish and were suffering. -* **Oh that people...for humanity** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:107:008]]. -* **of thanksgiving** - "that show that they are thankful" -* **proclaim his deeds in singing** - "tell others about the things he has done by singing joyfully" +Here the word "Oh" is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](./008.md). AT: "Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" or "People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# of thanksgiving + +"that show that they are thankful" + +# in singing + +"by singing about them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/023.md b/psa/107/023.md index 5cc1f7073c..9532742873 100644 --- a/psa/107/023.md +++ b/psa/107/023.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# and do business overseas -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **and do business overseas** - "those travel in ships to trade with other countries" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +They would sail to places and buy and sell things with the people there. AT: "selling things in cities far away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/025.md b/psa/107/025.md index 11ed88cfaa..1586e8edd6 100644 --- a/psa/107/025.md +++ b/psa/107/025.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he commanded and aroused the windstorm that stirs up the seas -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +"he commanded the wind and caused it become a great windstorm that stirred up the sea" -## translationNotes +# windstorm -* **and aroused the windstorm** - "and made the wind of a storm appear" -* **that stirs up the seas** - "and the wind caused the waves of the sea to become very high" -* **They reached up to the sky; they went down to the depths.** - the description seems to be about sailors on the ocean (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **to the depths** - "deep into the sea between the high waves" -* **The men's courage melted away** - AT: "They were terrified." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **like drunkards** - "like people who are drunk" -* **and were at their wits's end** - "and the sailors did not know what to do." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +a strong wind, like the wind that accompanies a strong rain storm + +# that stirs up the seas + +Here David describes the winds causing the waves to become high as if the wind was an object fiercely stirring something. AT: "that caused the waves of the sea to become very high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They reached up to the sky; they went down to the depths + +This describes the ships rising and falling with the waves. The extremes of rising to the sky and falling to the depths are an exaggeration to express how horrible the windstorm was and how large the waves were. AT: "their ships would rise very high on the waves and then they would fall very low between the waves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Their lives melted away in distress + +This idiom describes the sailors' great fear. AT: "The men were terrified and greatly distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# were at their wits' end + +The phrase "at their wit's end" means that they did not know what to do. AT: "and they did not know what to do" or "they had no idea what to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/028.md b/psa/107/028.md index ee1fe3fa31..97b7df4465 100644 --- a/psa/107/028.md +++ b/psa/107/028.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./004.md). AT: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Then they -* **Then they called out…their distress.** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:107:004]] -* **Then they** - The word "they" refers to the sailors. -* **He calmed the storm** - "He made the wind stop" -* **the waves were stilled** - AT: "he made the waves still." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **he brought them** - "he guided them" -* **their desired harbor** - AT: "to where they wanted to go" +The word "they" refers to the sailors. + +# He calmed the storm + +"He made the wind stop" + +# the waves were stilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he made the waves still" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he brought them + +"he guided them" + +# their desired harbor + +"to the harbor where they wanted to go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/031.md b/psa/107/031.md index 6a7f27d3a0..9063d89f9e 100644 --- a/psa/107/031.md +++ b/psa/107/031.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:council]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +Here the word "Oh" is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](./008.md). AT: "Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" or "People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# praise him in the council of the elders -* **Oh that people...for humanity** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:107:008]]. -* **Let them exalt** - AT: “They should praise" -* **in the assembly of the people** - "when the people gather together" -* **in the council of the elders** - "when the elders sit together." The elders sat together to discuss issues in the community and to make decisions for the community. +"when the elders sit together." The elders sat together to discuss issues in the community and to make decisions for the community. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/033.md b/psa/107/033.md index c01a8940da..448c334191 100644 --- a/psa/107/033.md +++ b/psa/107/033.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He turns -* [[en:tw:barren]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] +"Yahweh makes" -## translationNotes +# because of the wickedness of its people -* **He turns** - "Yahweh makes" -* **a wilderness** - "a desert" -* **a fruitful land** - "a land that grows a lot of crops" -* **a barren place** - "a place where nothing grows" -* **because of the wickedness of its people** - "because the people that live there are bad" -* **He turns the wilderness into a pool of water and dry land into springs of water.** - AT: "He make springs and lakes in land that used to be desert" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"because the people that live there are wicked" + +# He turns the wilderness into a pool of water and dry land into springs of water + +Both of these phrases have similar meaning and emphasize how Yahweh makes water appear in the wilderness. AT: "He make springs and lakes in land that used to be desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/036.md b/psa/107/036.md index f780688a62..01765f8791 100644 --- a/psa/107/036.md +++ b/psa/107/036.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He settles the hungry there -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +The word "there" refers to the places where Yahweh made springs and lakes appear. Also, the phrase "the hungry" refers to people who are hungry. AT: "Yahweh makes people who are hungry live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# to plant vineyards -* **He settles the hungry there** - "Yahweh makes people who are hungry live there" -* **there** - in the land where he turned the desert into a lake and the dry land into springs -* ** to plant fields in, to plant vineyards** - AT: "and plant crops and fruit" -* **and to bring in an abundant harvest** - "and they grow produce that they can harvest" -* **so they are very numerous** - "so that there are very many people" -* **He does not let their cattle decrease in number** - "He will not make their animals few in number." AT: "He gives them very many animals." (See: [[[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]]]) +"to plant vineyards in" + +# and to bring in an abundant harvest + +"so that they can produce a plentiful harvest" + +# so they are very numerous + +"so that their people are very numerous" + +# He does not let their cattle decrease in number + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "He keeps their cattle very numerous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/039.md b/psa/107/039.md index a4558e20dc..f4a24838cf 100644 --- a/psa/107/039.md +++ b/psa/107/039.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They -* [[en:tw:contempt]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +The word "They" refers to the people who were hungry that Yahweh had settled in the land. This sentence describes how they were before Yahweh settled them in the land. -## translationNotes +# They were diminished and brought low -* **They** - The word "They" refers to the people who were hungry but Yahweh blessed them. -* **were diminished** - "became fewer in number" -* **and brought low by painful distress and suffering** - AT: "because their leaders oppressed and made them suffer." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **pours contempt on** - AT: "shows contempt for." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the leaders** - "the nobility" or "the upper class" -* **where there are no roads** - "where people never go." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their leaders diminished their number and brought them low" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# were diminished + +"became fewer in number" + +# brought low + +This means to be humiliated. AT: "humiliated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# pours contempt on + +Here David speaks of Yahweh showing contempt for the leaders as if contempt were a liquid he poured out on them. AT: "shows contempt for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the leaders + +"the nobles." This refers to the leaders who oppressed the people. AT: "the leaders who oppressed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where there are no roads + +"where people never go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/041.md b/psa/107/041.md index 01a14274f4..e4f3c582ce 100644 --- a/psa/107/041.md +++ b/psa/107/041.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But he -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"But Yahweh" -## translationNotes +# the needy -* **But he** - "But Yahweh" -* ** the needy** - "the poor" or "the oppressed" -* **from affliction** - "from suffering" -* **cares for his families like a flock** - AT: "increases the number of people in their families like flocks." or "causes them to have many children" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **The upright** - "People who do what is right" or "Those who obey Yahweh" -* **all wickedness** - AT: "people who do wicked things." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **shuts its mouth** - AT: "has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **take note of these things** - "keep these things in mind" or "heed these things" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to needy people. AT: "needy people" or "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# cares for his families like a flock + +Here David compares how Yahweh cares for his people to how a shepherd cares for his sheep. Possible meanings are 1) "makes the number of people in their families increase like flocks" or 2) "takes care of them like a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The upright + +This refers to people who live in an upright way. AT: "Upright people" or "People who do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# all wickedness + +Here wicked people are referred to as "wickedness." AT: "all wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# shuts its mouth + +This means to not say anything in response. AT: "has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# take note of these things + +This means to think about these things. AT: "think about these things" or "remember these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# meditate on Yahweh's acts of covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "meditate on the things that Yahweh has done that show that he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/intro.md b/psa/107/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb6096cb31 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/107/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 107 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 107 is the last in a series of five psalms of praise to God (Psalm 103-107). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Praise ##### +The psalmist praises Yahweh for saving people lost in the desert, in prison, sick, in a storm at sea, homeless and oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 107:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../106/intro.md) | [>>](../108/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/001.md b/psa/108/001.md index 93569354a0..3c21102149 100644 --- a/psa/108/001.md +++ b/psa/108/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# a psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song, a psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **My heart is fixed, God** - Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word "fixed" means to trust completely. AT: "My heart is fixed on you, God" or “I am trusting completely in you, God” -* **I will sing praises also with my honored heart** - Here David refers to himself as having the honor of praising God. AT: "You honor me by allowing me to sing praises to you." -* **Wake up, lute and harp** - Here David describes playing his instruments as waking them up from sleep. AT: "I will praise you by playing the lute and the harp" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **I will wake up the dawn** - Here David is describing the dawn waking up like a person waking up in the morning. AT: "I will be praising you when the dawn comes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **dawn** - when the sun rises +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# My heart is fixed, God + +Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word "fixed" means to trust completely. AT: "My heart is fixed on you, God" or "I am trusting completely in you, God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will sing praises also with my honored heart + +Here David is represented by his "heart." David refers to himself as having the honor of praising God. AT: "You honor me by allowing me to sing praises to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Wake up, lute and harp + +Here David describes playing his instruments as waking them up from sleep. AT: "I will praise you by playing the lute and the harp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will wake up the dawn + +Here David is describing the dawn waking up like a person waking up in the morning. AT: "I will be praising you when the dawn comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# dawn + +when the sun rises \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/003.md b/psa/108/003.md index 4c9f95c9a4..b66446c402 100644 --- a/psa/108/003.md +++ b/psa/108/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# your covenant faithfulness is great above the heavens; and your trustworthiness reaches to the skies -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **give thanks to you, Yahweh, among the peoples; I will sing praises to you among the nations.** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) -* **For your covenant faithfulness is great above the heavens; and your trustworthiness reaches to the skies.** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) -* **your covenant faithfulness is great above the heavens** - AT: "your covenant faithfulness has no end" or "you have the most covenant faithfulness possible." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two phrases have similar meanings. They speak of the greatness of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that were tall enough to reach up to the sky. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "For your covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness are greater than the distance between heaven and earth" or "For you are more faithful to your covenant and more worthy of people trusting you than the sky is higher than the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/005.md b/psa/108/005.md index 9f0384e9aa..15334ae302 100644 --- a/psa/108/005.md +++ b/psa/108/005.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Be exalted, God, above the heavens -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. AT: "God, show that you are exalted above the heavens" or "God, show that you are great in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# may your glory be exalted -* **Be exalted...all the earth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:057:009]]. -* **may your glory be exalted** - "may you be exalted" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **rescue us with your right hand and answer me** - AT: "please answer my prayer by rescuing us by your great power" -* **with your right hand** - "by your power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **So that those you love...and answer me** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:060:004]]. +Here Yahweh is referred to by his "glory." AT: "may you be exalted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So that those you love may be rescued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: Because those you love need rescuing" or "Rescue those you love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with your right hand + +Here Yahweh's "right hand" refers to his power. AT: "by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# answer me + +Answering here represents responding to his request. AT: "respond to my request" or "answer my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/007.md b/psa/108/007.md index 1ad1874ba6..1192fd02fb 100644 --- a/psa/108/007.md +++ b/psa/108/007.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:shechem]] -* [[en:tw:succoth]] +These verses are the same as those in [Psalms 60:6-7](../060/006.md). -## translationNotes +# God has spoken in his holiness -* **God has spoken in his holiness ... Judah is my scepter** - See how you translated this passage in [[en:bible:notes:psa:060:006]]. +Here David describes God speaking something because he is holy as speaking "in his holiness," as if his holiness were something that he was physically inside of. AT: "God, because he is holy, has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will divide Shechem and apportion out the Valley of Succoth + +Here God is speaking about dividing the land of Shechem and the Valley of Succoth. + +# apportion + +to divide into portions + +# Ephraim also is my helmet + +God speaks of the tribe of Ephraim as if it were his army. The helmet symbolizes equipment for war. AT: "Ephraim is like a helmet I have chosen" or "The tribe of Ephraim is my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# helmet + +a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury + +# Judah is my scepter + +God chose men from the tribe of Judah to be the kings of his people, and he speaks of that tribe as if it were his scepter. AT: "The tribe of Judah is like my scepter" or "Judah is the tribe through whom I rule my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/009.md b/psa/108/009.md index 51e97139ea..c5c6ba5b0b 100644 --- a/psa/108/009.md +++ b/psa/108/009.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] +These verses are the same as those in [Psalms 60:8-9](../060/008.md). -## translationNotes +# Moab is my washbasin -* **Moab is my washbasin...will lead me to Edom** - Translate this passage the same way you translated it in [[en:bible:notes:psa:060:008]]. +God speaks of Moab being unimportant as if Moab were a washbasin or a lowly servant. AT: "Moab is like a bowl that I use for washing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# over Edom I will throw my shoe + +God was probably speaking of taking ownership of Edom as if he were symbolically throwing his shoe onto that land to show that he owns it. However some versions have other interpretations. AT: "I take ownership of the land of Edom" or "I throw my shoe onto the land of Edom to show that it is mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/011.md b/psa/108/011.md index 13d2d4173f..7a9eb3f753 100644 --- a/psa/108/011.md +++ b/psa/108/011.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] +These verses are the same as those in [Psalms 60:10-12](../060/010.md), but notice that 108:11 does not have the phrase "But you," like the beginning of 60:10. -## translationNotes +# God, have you not rejected us? -* **God, have you not rejected us...will trample down our enemies** - See how you translated this passage in [[en:bible:notes:psa:060:010]], but notice that 108:11 does not have "But you." +The psalmist uses this question to express his sadness that it seems that God has rejected them. AT: "It seems like you have rejected us!" or "God, you seem to have abandoned us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You do not go into battle with our army + +The psalmist speaks of God helping their army as if God were to go and fight with them. AT: "you do not help our army when we go into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# futile + +"worthless" + +# triumph + +"have victory" + +# he will trample down our enemies + +The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. AT: "he will enable us to trample down our enemies" or "he will make us able to defeat our enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/intro.md b/psa/108/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..31380879de --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/108/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 108 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 108 is a psalm of war. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Victory ##### +God promised success to the psalmist, but Yahweh failed to help him conquer the country of Edom. He needed God to give him victory over Edom. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 108:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../107/intro.md) | [>>](../109/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/001.md b/psa/109/001.md index b56cb422db..ceef47efc3 100644 --- a/psa/109/001.md +++ b/psa/109/001.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chief]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **For the wicked and deceitful** - The words "wicked" and "deceitful" have similar meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "For wicked and deceitful men" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# For the wicked and deceitful + +The words "wicked" and "deceitful" refer to people. They have similar meanings and emphasize how bad these people are. AT: "For wicked and deceitful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/004.md b/psa/109/004.md index 4fa639f450..16f7a9d716 100644 --- a/psa/109/004.md +++ b/psa/109/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# In return for my love they slander me -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] +"Although I loved them, they accuse me" -## translationNotes +# my love -* **for my love ... hate my love** - "for my love for them ... hate my love for them" -* **In return for my love they slander me** - "Although I loved them, they accuse me" -* **they slander me** - The word "they" refers to the people who are wicked and deceitful. +"my love for them" + +# they slander me + +The word "they" refers to the people who are wicked and deceitful. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/006.md b/psa/109/006.md index b7cd2e276d..e4b0b9609c 100644 --- a/psa/109/006.md +++ b/psa/109/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Appoint a wicked man ... appoint an accuser -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +These two phrases are parallel and the phrases "a wicked man" and "an accuser" refer to the same person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# at his right hand -* **Appoint a wicked man ... appoint an accuser ...** - These two phrases are parallel and refer to the same person who is to be appointed over "my enemy". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **at his right hand** - "at my enemy's right hand" +"at my enemy's right hand" + +# When he is judged, may he be found guilty + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When he is on trial, may the judge find him guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may his prayer be considered sinful + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "consider his prayer sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/008.md b/psa/109/008.md index 19758c1029..ec19b3f4ee 100644 --- a/psa/109/008.md +++ b/psa/109/008.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# May his days be few -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +The phrase "his days" refers to the length of his life. AT: "May he not live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# his office -* **May his days be few** - "May he not live a long time." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his office** - "his position of authority" -* **handouts** - food or money given to beggars -* **their ruined home** - AT: "the desolate places where they are living" +"his position of authority" + +# handouts + +food or money given to beggars + +# their ruined home + +"their destroyed homes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/011.md b/psa/109/011.md index 3326df021b..67fa868606 100644 --- a/psa/109/011.md +++ b/psa/109/011.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the creditor -* [[en:tw:blotout]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +someone who lends money to another person but expects that the person will pay the money back -## translationNotes +# plunder -* **the creditor** - someone who lends money to another person but expects that the person will pay the money back -* **plunder** - "steal" -* **May his children be cut off; may their name be blotted out ...** - These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "May his children be destroyed; may he have no descendants in the next generation." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +"steal" + +# May his children be cut off; may their name be blotted out + +These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize his children being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# May his children be cut off + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Cause his children to be cut off" or "Cause his children to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may their name be blotted out in the next generation + +Here the idea of there being no one to carry on the family name is spoke of as "their name being blotted out." AT: "may there be no one to carry on his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/014.md b/psa/109/014.md index 6f27343ffa..6b868ce59c 100644 --- a/psa/109/014.md +++ b/psa/109/014.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# May his ancestors' sins be mentioned to Yahweh -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:guilt]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May you remember the sins of his ancestors, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# may the sin of his mother not be forgotten -* **May his ancestors' sins be mentioned to Yahweh** - AT: "May you remember the sins of his ancestors, Yahweh." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **May their guilt always be before Yahweh** - AT: "May Yahweh continually think about their sins." -* **may Yahweh cut off their memory from the earth** - David uses the word "earth" to refer to all the people that live on the earth. AT: "may Yahweh make it so that no one on earth remembers them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **needy** - "those in need" -* **the disheartened** - "the brokenhearted" or "those who have lost hope" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May you not forget the sins that his mother committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May their guilt always be before Yahweh + +Here David speaks about Yahweh thinking about their guilt as if their guilt is something physically present before him. AT: "May Yahweh continually think about their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may Yahweh cut off their memory from the earth + +David uses the word "earth" to refer to all the people that live on the earth. Also, the phrase "their memory" refers to people remembering them after they have died. AT: "may Yahweh make it so that no one on earth remembers them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness + +This refers to him showing covenant faithfulness to people. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness to people" or "this man never did anything to show that he was faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the oppressed, the needy + +This refers to oppressed and needy people. AT: "oppressed people, needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the disheartened + +This refers to people who are disheartened. AT: "disheartened people" or "people who have lost hope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# to death + +"until they died." This means that he harassed them until they died. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/017.md b/psa/109/017.md index 1839f52396..709d0b1719 100644 --- a/psa/109/017.md +++ b/psa/109/017.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# may it come back upon him -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] +"may his curses come upon him" -## translationNotes +# He clothed himself with cursing as his garment -* **may it come back upon him** - "may his curses come upon him" -* **He clothed himself...into his bones** - David uses these images to emphasize that curses filled every part of the man, even the innermost part of him. AT: "Curses became part of who he was and all he could do was curse other people." (See:5. Clothing is Moral Quality and 6. A Liquid is a Moral Quality in [[en:ta:workbench:translate:biblicalimagery]] ) -* ** as his garment** - "as if they were his clothing." -* **came into his inner being** - "entered into his body" -* **like oil into his bones** - AT: "curses went into his bones like oil goes into bones." The bones are the innermost part of a person. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +David speaks of the wicked person's behavior as if it were his clothing. AT: "He cursed other people as often as he wore clothing" or "He cursed people all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as his garment + +"as if they were his clothing" + +# his curse came into his inner being like water, like oil into his bones + +Possible meanings are: 1) He spoke curses so often that they became a part of his identity. "the curses that he speaks are part of who he is" or 2) the curse that he spoke happened to him. "his whole being was cursed by the curse he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like water + +This refers to how a person drinks water. AT: "like water a person drinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like oil into his bones + +This refers to how oil soaks into bones when rubbed on the skin. AT: "like olive oil soaks into a person's bones when it is rubbed on his skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/019.md b/psa/109/019.md index a09bc32415..2290ad2efe 100644 --- a/psa/109/019.md +++ b/psa/109/019.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# May his curses be to him like the clothes he wears to cover himself -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +People wore their clothes everyday. David speaks of him always being covered with his curses like he is covered by his clothing. AT: "Let his curses be on him every day like the garment he wears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# like the belt he always wears -* **May his curses...cover himself** - People wore their clothes everyday. AT: "Let his curses be close to him every day like the garment he wears." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like the belt he always wears** - AT: "and let his curses always be on him like the belt he always wears." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This missing words may be added. AT: "and let his curses always be on him like the belt he always wears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# May this be the reward + +"May these curses be the reward" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/021.md b/psa/109/021.md index e679f7c437..f90ed7770f 100644 --- a/psa/109/021.md +++ b/psa/109/021.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# deal kindly with me -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +This is a request for Yahweh to treat him kindly. AT: "treat me kindly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# your name's sake -* **your name’s sake** - "for the benefit of your name" or "for the sake of your reputation" -* **oppressed and needy** - These two words have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **my heart is wounded within me** - "I am full of grief and despair." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I am shaken off like a locust** - AT: "My enemies drive me away as easily as the wind blows away the locust" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"the sake of your reputation" + +# Because your covenant faithfulness is good + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Because you are good and are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# oppressed and needy + +These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my heart is wounded within me + +Here David speaks of being in great despair as his heart being wounded. AT: "I am full of grief and despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am fading away like the shadow ... like a locust + +David feels like he is going to die soon and describes this feeling by comparing himself to a fading shadow and to how the wind blows away locust. AT: "I feel like I am about to die, like an evening shadow that will soon disappear, like a locust is easily blown away by the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/024.md b/psa/109/024.md index 7ca54429b1..1c14cd40be 100644 --- a/psa/109/024.md +++ b/psa/109/024.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My knees are weak -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] +This means that he is weak and it is difficult for him to stand. AT: "I have difficulty standing" or "My body is weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# from fasting -* **from fasting** - "because I am not eating any food" -* **I am turning to skin and bones** - "my body has become very thin" (UDB) "There is no fat on my body" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I am disdained by my accusers** - AT: "My accusers ridicule me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"because I am not eating any food" + +# I am turning to skin and bones + +This means that he has lost a lot of weight. AT: "my body has become very thin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am disdained by my accusers + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My accusers ridicule me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shake their heads + +This is an act of disapproval. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/026.md b/psa/109/026.md index 5cec9564f7..789515aa5d 100644 --- a/psa/109/026.md +++ b/psa/109/026.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# save me by your covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "save me because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# May they know -* **May they know** - The word "they" refers to David's accusers and the people who say bad things about him. -* **have done this** - "have saved me" +The word "they" refers to David's accusers and the people who say bad things about him. + +# have done this + +"have saved me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/028.md b/psa/109/028.md index 0530f9361e..28dac061c4 100644 --- a/psa/109/028.md +++ b/psa/109/028.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Though they curse me -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +The word "they" refers to the people who accuse David and say bad things about him. -## translationNotes +# may they be put to shame -* **Though they curse me** - The word "they" refers to the people who accuse David and say bad things about him. -* **may they be put to shame** - AT: "may they be ashamed" or "let them be ashamed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but may your servant rejoice** - David uses the phrase "your servant" to refer to himself. AT: "but may I, your servant, rejoice" or "I am your servant, let me rejoice" -* **be clothed with shame** - AT: "will be very ashamed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], and 5. Clothing is a Moral Quality in [[en:ta:workbench:translate:biblicalimagery]]) -* **May my adversaries be clothed ... and may they wear ...** - These two phrase have them same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **and may they wear their shame like a robe** - AT: "and their shame will cover them just like their robe is wrapped around them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may they be ashamed" or "let them be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but may your servant rejoice + +"but may I, your servant, rejoice" or "I am your servant, let me rejoice." David uses the phrase "your servant" to refer to himself. + +# May my adversaries be clothed ... may they wear + +These two phrase have them same meaning and are used together for emphasize how greatly he wishes for them to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# be clothed with shame + +Here David speaks of them being ashamed as if were clothing they wore. AT: "be very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may they wear their shame like a robe + +David speaks of them being ashamed as if it were a robe that they wore. AT: "may their shame cover them just like their robe is wrapped around them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/030.md b/psa/109/030.md index a92c1272b0..ad48a7d1f8 100644 --- a/psa/109/030.md +++ b/psa/109/030.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# With my mouth I give -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save, safe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This means that he will speak. AT: "I will speak and give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# will stand at the right hand of the one who is needy -* **he will stand at the right hand of the one who is needy** - AT: “Because Yahweh is close by to help the poor person.” The poor were (and are) especially vulnerable to oppressors, those who are able to deprive them of their rights. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This means that he will help and defend the poor person. AT: "will defend the one who is needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/intro.md b/psa/109/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1a54622820 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/109/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 109 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 109 is a psalm of vengeance against an enemy who has lied about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Enemies destroyed ##### +This enemy lied about the psalmist. So he asked God to completely destroy his enemy and his enemy's family. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 109:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../108/intro.md) | [>>](../110/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/001.md b/psa/110/001.md index b10c18eb93..5f4e41ea20 100644 --- a/psa/110/001.md +++ b/psa/110/001.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - “This is a psalm that David wrote.” -* **Sit at my right hand** - AT: "Sit at the place of honor which I have for you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **make your enemies your footstool ** - AT: "put your enemies under your power." (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Sit at my right hand + +The phrase "my right hand" refers to the place of honor. AT: "Sit at the place of honor which I have for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# make your enemies your footstool + +Here David describes Yahweh placing his master's enemies under his power and control as putting them under his feet like a footstool. AT: "put your enemies under your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/002.md b/psa/110/002.md index 65569f313b..069f837dd8 100644 --- a/psa/110/002.md +++ b/psa/110/002.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +David continues speaking to the king. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh will hold out the scepter of your strength -* Yahweh continues to speak to the lord. -* **on the day of your power ** - or "when you gather your army" -* **from the womb of the dawn** - Yahweh describes the dew as a baby to whom the dawn gives birth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **from the womb of the dawn your youth will be to you like the dew.** - AT: "Your youthful strength will act for you like the dew that waters the earth early in the morning." +Here David speaks of Yahweh extending the area that the king rules as holding out his scepter. AT: "Yahweh will extend the area over which you powerfully rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# rule among your enemies + +"King, rule among your enemies." This is spoken to the king as a command. + +# of their own free will + +"by their own choice." This means that they will chose to follow the king. + +# on the day of your power + +This refers to the day that the king will lead his armies into battle. This can be stated clearly. AT: "on the day that you lead your armies into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the womb of the dawn ... like the dew + +David describes the dew as a baby to whom the dawn gives birth. AT: "in the morning ... like the dew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from the womb of the dawn your youth will be to you like the dew + +David is telling the king that he will have youthful strength each morning by comparing it to how the dew appears early each morning. AT: "each morning you will be filled with youthful strength to sustain you just like each morning the dew appears to water and sustain the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/004.md b/psa/110/004.md index 0a81733e75..48bc0067fa 100644 --- a/psa/110/004.md +++ b/psa/110/004.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You are -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:melchizedek]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] +Yahweh is speaking to the lord. -## translationNotes +# will not change -* **You are** - Yahweh is speaking to the lord. -* **and will not change** - "and will not change his mind" or "and will not regret his oath" -* **after the manner of Melchizedek** - AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was priest." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This means that he will not change what he has said. AT: "will not change his mind" or "will not change what he has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +The missing words may be added. AT: "after the manner that Melchizedek was priest" or "in the same way that Melchizedek was priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/005.md b/psa/110/005.md index 04b0284757..7c4cb7f438 100644 --- a/psa/110/005.md +++ b/psa/110/005.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The Lord is at your right hand -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +When the lord goes to battle, Yahweh stands at his right hand in order to help him. AT: "The Lord helps you in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# The Lord -* **The Lord is at your right hand** - When the lord goes to battle, Yahweh stands at his right hand in order to help him. AT: "The Lord helps you in battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **The Lord** - The word "Lord" refers to Yahweh. -* **your right hand** - David is speaking to the lord, whom Yahweh has made king. -* **He will kill** - The word "He" refers to the Yahweh who does these things through the king. -* **the kings** - "the enemy kings" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **on the day of his anger** - AT: "on the day of judgment when his patience turns to anger" (See: Implicit/Explicit) +The word "Lord" refers to Yahweh. + +# He will kill + +The word "He" refers to Yahweh. He will cause the kings to be defeated and die, but he will allow the king's armies to kill the enemy kings. AT: "He will cause the kings to die" or "He will allow your armies to kill the kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# kings + +This refers to his enemies. AT: "enemy kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on the day of his anger + +Here David speaks of the day when Yahweh will become angry and defeat the kings as "the day of his anger." AT: "on the day of judgment when his patience turns to anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will fill the battlegrounds with dead bodies + +This means that Yahweh will cause this to happen, not that he will personally kill all of the people who die on the battleground. AT: "he will cause the battlegrounds to be filled with death bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will kill the leaders in many countries + +This means that Yahweh will cause this to happen, not that he will personally kill the leaders. AT: "he will cause the leaders in many countries to be killed" or "he will allow the leaders in many countries to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/007.md b/psa/110/007.md index 573b258e08..3ebae59de1 100644 --- a/psa/110/007.md +++ b/psa/110/007.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He will drink of the brook along the road +The king only stops briefly for a drink and then he continues the pursuit of his enemies. AT: "As he pursues his enemies, he will only stop to drink quickly from a brook" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# of the brook -* **He will drink of the brook along the road** - The king only stops briefly for a drink and then he continues the pursuit of his enemies. AT: "As he pursues his enemies, he will only stop to drink quickly from a stream." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **He will drink** - The word "He" refers to the lord whom Yahweh has made king. -* **and then** - "and so" or "therefore" -* **he will lift his head** - Possible meanings are 1) the king lifts up his own head or 2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king. (See: [[en:bible:notes:psa:003:003]]) -* **will lift his head up high after victory** - "will lift up his head." People raised their heads when they are victorious, confident, and joyful. AT: "will be victorious" or "will have victory." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This means the he will drink water from the brook. A brook is a small stream. AT: "he will drink water from the brook" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# and then + +"and so" or "therefore" + +# he will lift his head + +Possible meanings are 1) the king lifts up his own head or 2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king. + +# he will lift his head up high after victory + +People raised their heads when they are victorious, confident, and joyful. AT: "he will confidently lift his head after victory" or "he will be victorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/intro.md b/psa/110/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3886c295b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/110/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 110 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 110 is a psalm honoring the king as he becomes king and also a prophecy about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King ##### +The king will be able to conquer his enemies. Christ is seen as both high priest and king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 110:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../109/intro.md) | [>>](../111/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/111/001.md b/psa/111/001.md index 94b7e543f9..df5acc3018 100644 --- a/psa/111/001.md +++ b/psa/111/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# with my whole heart -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **with my whole heart** - AT: "completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in the assembly of the upright, in their gathering** - AT: "in the gathering of the righteous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **eagerly awaited** - "they are sought after" or "they are studied" -* **majestic and glorious** - These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the person's entire inner being and emotions. AT: "with all that I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the assembly of the upright, in their gathering + +These two phrases mean that same thing and may be combined if necessary. AT: "in the gathering of upright people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# eagerly awaited by all those who desire them + +The word "them" refers to the "works of Yahweh." This can be stated in active form. AT: "all those who desire the works of Yahweh eagerly await them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# eagerly awaited + +Possible meanings are 1) "sought after" or 2) "studied." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/111/004.md b/psa/111/004.md index c17dcb093a..81a51b6c07 100644 --- a/psa/111/004.md +++ b/psa/111/004.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# that will be remembered -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that people will always remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# call to mind -* **gracious and merciful** - These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **call to mind** - AT: "remember" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **his powerful works** - AT: "his power" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **inheritance of the nations** - This is a reference to the land of other nations. This land would have normally been inherited. +This is an idiom that means to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his powerful works + +"his works that demonstrated his power" + +# the inheritance of the nations + +The writer speaks of the land that belonged to the nations in Canaan as if it were their inheritance. AT: "the land that belonged to other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/111/007.md b/psa/111/007.md index 43b49199cc..215bda6c05 100644 --- a/psa/111/007.md +++ b/psa/111/007.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The works of his hands -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:ordain]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Here the word "hands" refers to Yahweh, himself. AT: "The works that he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# They are established forever -* **The works of his hands** - AT: "The things that Yahweh does." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **all his instructions are reliable** - "all his commands are dependable" -* **to be observed faithfully and properly** - AT: "he does his works with faithfulness and righteousness." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **He gave victory to his people** - "He gave his people freedom" or "He ransomed his people" -* **he ordained his covenant forever** - "he gave his covenant as a promise that lasts forever" +This means that Yahweh's instructions are unchangeable and will last forever. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He has established them forever" or "They will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be observed faithfully and properly + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has given his instructions in a faithful and proper manner or 2) his people are to observe Yahweh's instructions in a faithful and proper manner. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for his people to observe them faithfully and properly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# holy and awesome is his name + +Here the word "name" refers to Yahweh, himself. AT: "Yahweh is holy and awesome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/111/010.md b/psa/111/010.md index 6bba7ae779..331a5ef6ee 100644 --- a/psa/111/010.md +++ b/psa/111/010.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the beginning of wisdom -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The word "wisdom" can be translated as "wise." AT: "the first step to becoming wise" or "the most important thing to become wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# those who carry out his instructions -* **To honor Yahweh is the beginning of wisdom** - "The first step for people to become wise is to revere Yahweh" -* **those who carry out** - "people who obey" -* **His praise endures forever** - "People will continue to praise him forever" +"those who obey his instructions" + +# His praise endures forever + +The word "praise" can be translated as a verb. AT: "People will praise him forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/111/intro.md b/psa/111/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1cfd5b17e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/111/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 111 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's character ##### +God is great. He has given his people food and a land and always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 111:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../110/intro.md) | [>>](../112/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/001.md b/psa/112/001.md index fdb8e73ba0..9c880e5cec 100644 --- a/psa/112/001.md +++ b/psa/112/001.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# greatly delights -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **greatly delights** - "takes great pleasure" -* **the descendants of the godly man will be blessed** - AT: "Yahweh will bless the children of anyone who honors him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"takes great pleasure" + +# the descendants of the godly man will be blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bless the descendants of the godly man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/003.md b/psa/112/003.md index 993058fbb0..08d40572b3 100644 --- a/psa/112/003.md +++ b/psa/112/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# Wealth and riches are in his house -* The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. -* **Light shines in the darkness for the godly person** - "When bad things happen, righteous people have hope and a way to escape." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lends money** - The man lends money in order to help people who are having a hard time and not in order to take advantage of other people. -* **who conducts his affairs with honesty** - "he is just when taking care of his own business" +Here the word "house" represents the family. The words "Wealth" and "riches" mean basically the same thing and indicate an abundance of wealth. AT: "His family is very wealthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Light shines in the darkness for the godly person + +The writer speaks of God blessing the godly person in difficult times as if it were a light shining in darkness. AT: "The blessings that a godly person receives from God are like a light that shines in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lends money + +The understood information can be made clear. AT: "lends his money to other people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/006.md b/psa/112/006.md index 1d172a20b4..94a0a017dd 100644 --- a/psa/112/006.md +++ b/psa/112/006.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# For he will never be moved -* The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. -* **For he will never be moved** - AT: "Because he will never fail" or "Because nothing will ever overcome him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the righteous person will be remembered forever** - AT: "people will remember a righteous person forever." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +he will not be troubled or overwhelmed by circumstances for his trust is in Yahweh? This can be stated in active form. AT: "For nothing will ever move him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the righteous person will be remembered forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will remember the righteous person forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/008.md b/psa/112/008.md index 9454ed3dd6..8efb465cbb 100644 --- a/psa/112/008.md +++ b/psa/112/008.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# His heart is tranquil -* The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. -* **His heart is tranquil** - AT: "He is confident." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his righteousness endures forever** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:111:001]], but notice that here "his" refers to the man who reveres Yahweh and not to Yahweh. -* **he will be exalted with honor** - AT: "Yahweh will exalt him by giving him honor." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"His heart is supported." Here the word "heart" refers to the person. Possible meanings are 1) "He is at peace" or 2) "He is confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# his righteousness endures forever + +"his righteous deeds will endure forever." See how you translated this in [Psalms 112:3](./003.md). + +# he will be exalted with honor + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will exalt him by giving him honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/010.md b/psa/112/010.md index 57e49571f4..dc9daa6a5e 100644 --- a/psa/112/010.md +++ b/psa/112/010.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# will see this -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gnashteeth]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] +"will see that things go well for the godly person." The word "this" refers to everything good that the writer has described in the previous verses about the godly person. -## translationNotes +# he will gnash with his teeth -* **will see this** - "will see that things go well for the righteous person" -* **melt away** - AT: "will disappear and die." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the desire of the wicked people will perish** - Possible meanings are 1) AT: "the wicked things that he want to do will never happen" or 2) "the bad things that he wanted to happen to the righteous person will never happen." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Gnashing one's teeth was a gesture of scorn. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 35:16](../035/015.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# melt away + +The writer speaks of the wicked person's eventual death as if that person were something, such as ice, that can melt. AT: "eventually die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the desire of the wicked people will perish + +Possible meanings of "desire" are 1) the emotional desire that wicked people have. AT: "the things that wicked people want to do will never happen" or 2) it is a metonym for the things that wicked people have desired. AT: "wicked people will lose the things that they desired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/intro.md b/psa/112/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4de86214da --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/112/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 112 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 112 is a wisdom psalm teaching the value of a righteous life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Righteous people ##### +The righteous people will be well-known for their generosity and they will not have to worry about bad news because God is taking care of them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 112:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../111/intro.md) | [>>](../113/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/001.md b/psa/113/001.md index 2617bdc2ef..0f5feca025 100644 --- a/psa/113/001.md +++ b/psa/113/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# the name of Yahweh -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Blessed be the name of Yahweh** - "Bless the name of Yahweh" +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh, himself. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/003.md b/psa/113/003.md index 6419ae4727..3700483609 100644 --- a/psa/113/003.md +++ b/psa/113/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# From the rising of the sun to its setting -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. See how you translated this in [Psalms 50:1](../050/001.md). AT: "Everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh's name should be praised -* **From the rising of the sun ... should be praised** - AT: "Everyone who lives from between where the sun rises to where the sun sets, should praise Yahweh" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh, himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people should praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his glory reaches above the skies + +The glory of God is spoken of as if it was very high. AT: "his glory is higher than the skies" or "his glory is enormously great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/005.md b/psa/113/005.md index 03c3e7d058..43ea576f35 100644 --- a/psa/113/005.md +++ b/psa/113/005.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Who is like Yahweh our God ... at the earth? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:like]] +The writer asks this question to emphasize that there is no one like Yahweh. This rhetorical question may be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no one like Yahweh our God ... at the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# who has his seat on high -* **who has his seat on high** - "who is enthroned on high" or "who rules in the highest position" +"who is enthroned on high" or "who rules in the highest position" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/007.md b/psa/113/007.md index ce4b638a1a..e2ba4e114c 100644 --- a/psa/113/007.md +++ b/psa/113/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He raises up the poor ... from the ash heap -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of Yahweh helping and honoring people who are poor as if Yahweh caused them to stand up from sitting in dirt and ashes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# out of the dirt ... from the ash heap -* **He raises up the poor ... and lifts up the needy ...** - These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize how poor people sit in lowly and dirty places. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **so that he may seat him with princes, with the princes ...** - Here the second phrase is used to describe the "princes" from the first phrase. -* **his people** - The word "his" refers to Yahweh. +Sitting in dirt and ashes represents either poverty or despair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# so that he may seat him with princes, with the princes of his people + +Here the second phrase clarifies that the first phrase refers to the princes of Yahweh's people. These two statements can be combined. AT: "so that Yahweh may seat him next to rulers of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/009.md b/psa/113/009.md index 50c8677ef6..8e922aa106 100644 --- a/psa/113/009.md +++ b/psa/113/009.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He gives a home to the barren woman of the house -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] - -## translationNotes - -* * -* There are no notes for this chunk. +Here "home" refers to the children that live in a home. AT: "He gives children to the woman who had none" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/intro.md b/psa/113/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7b65b0bfff --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/113/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 113 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 113 is a psalm of praise to God for his goodness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +God helps the poor and gives children to the wife who cannot conceive children. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 113:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../112/intro.md) | [>>](../114/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/114/001.md b/psa/114/001.md index 5bc3b9a944..34918fb232 100644 --- a/psa/114/001.md +++ b/psa/114/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# When Israel left Egypt, the house of Jacob from that foreign people -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **from that foreign people** - "from a people that served a different god." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **Judah** - "The people of Judah" -* **became his sanctuary** - "became the people with whom Yahweh dwelled" or "became holy to Yahweh" -* **Israel his kingdom** - AT: "Israel became the people over whom Yahweh ruled." +These two lines are parallel, with "Israel" and "the house of Jacob" meaning the same thing and "Egypt" and "that foreign people" referring to the same people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the house of Jacob from that foreign people + +The word "house" here represents the family or descendents. The verb may be supplied to this phrase. AT: "the descendants of Jacob departed from that foreign people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Judah became his holy place, Israel his kingdom + +Possible meanings for "Judah" and "Israel" are 1) they refer to the land. AT: "The land of Judah became Yahweh's holy place, the land of Israel became his kingdom" or 2) they are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. AT: "The people of Judah became those among whom Yahweh lived, the people of Israel became those over whom he ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/114/003.md b/psa/114/003.md index 512f0b7430..aea0ec6591 100644 --- a/psa/114/003.md +++ b/psa/114/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The sea looked and fled -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +The writer speaks of the Sea of Reeds as if it were a person who fled away as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. AT: "It was as though the sea looked and fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# the Jordan turned back -* **The sea looked and fled** - AT: "It was as though the sea looked and fled" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the Jordan turned back** - AT: "it was as though the Jordan retreated and went the other way" -* **The mountains skipped like rams** - AT: "The mountains shook like rams jumping." -* **the hills skipped like lambs** - AT: "The hills shook like lambs jumping." +The writer speaks of the Jordan River as if it were a person who retreated as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. AT: "it was as though the Jordan retreated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The mountains skipped like rams, the hills skipped like lambs + +The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. AT: "It was as if the mountains shook like jumping rams and the hills shook like jumping lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/114/005.md b/psa/114/005.md index 17cc130636..e66db26c79 100644 --- a/psa/114/005.md +++ b/psa/114/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +Verses 5-6 contain four rhetorical questions. The expected answer to each question is found in verse 7, "because of the presence of the Lord." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# skip like rams ... skip like lambs -* **Why did you flee...like lambs** - See how you translated similar phrases in [[en:bible:notes:psa:114:003]]. -* **Tremble, earth** - AT: "The earth should shake." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **before the Lord** - "in the presence of the Lord" -* **at the presence of the God of Jacob** - "when the God of Jacob comes" +The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. See how you translated similar phrases in [Psalms 114:3-4](./003.md). AT: "shake like jumping rams ... shake like jumping lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Tremble, earth, before the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob + +The last two phrases are parallel. The verb may be supplied in the second line. AT: "Tremble, earth, before the Lord, tremble at the presence of the God of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Tremble, earth + +Possible meanings are 1) the writer is speaking to the earth as if it were a person and commands it to tremble with fear before God or 2) the word "earth" is a metonym for those who live on the earth. AT: "Tremble, everyone one earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/114/008.md b/psa/114/008.md index 772bd04f97..f90cf07438 100644 --- a/psa/114/008.md +++ b/psa/114/008.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He turned the rock into a pool of water, the hard rock into a spring of water -* [[en:tw:fountain]] +These two phrases are parallel. The writer describes Yahweh causing water to flow from the rock as if he turned the rock into water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the hard rock into a spring of water -* **He turned the rock into a pool of water** - AT: "Yahweh brought water out of a rock to make a pool of water." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the hard rock into a spring of water** - AT: "Yahweh made a spring flow out of hard rock." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "He turned the hard rock into a spring of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/114/intro.md b/psa/114/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44a2344531 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/114/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 114 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 114 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles in bringing the people of Israel to the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +The psalmist praised God for opening up the Red Sea for the people to cross, for providing the earthquake that stopped the Jordan River so the people could cross and providing water from a rock for the people to drink. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 114:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../113/intro.md) | [>>](../115/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/001.md b/psa/115/001.md index 8be9e16633..ff8afbf107 100644 --- a/psa/115/001.md +++ b/psa/115/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Not to us, Yahweh, not to us -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **Not to us, Yahweh, not to us** - AT: "Do not give us honor, Yahweh, not us." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **to us** - The word "us" refers to the people of Israel. -* **but to your name bring honor** - "but give honor to your own good reputation" -* **for your covenant faithfulness** - "because of your covenant faithfulness" -* **Where is their God** - AT: "The people of the nations should not be able to say, 'Their God is not able to help them.'" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The writer repeats the phrase "Not to us" in order to emphasize that they are not worthy to receive the honor that is due only to Yahweh. If necessary, a verbal phrase may be supplied here. AT: "Do not bring honor to us, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to us + +The word "us" refers to the people of Israel. + +# but to your name bring honor + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh, himself. AT: "but bring honor to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Why should the nations say, "Where is their God?" + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that there should be no reason for the nations to say what they say. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The people of the nations should not be able to say, 'Where is their God?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where is their God? + +The people of other nations use this question to mock the people of Israel and to express that they do not see Yahweh helping them. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your God is not here to help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/003.md b/psa/115/003.md index 42f52fdafd..b33eff72d5 100644 --- a/psa/115/003.md +++ b/psa/115/003.md @@ -1,17 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# the work of men's hands -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:works]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Our God is in heaven** - AT: "Our God has supreme power" or "Our God has the utmost power." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Our God** - The word "Our" refers to the people of Israel. -* **whatever he pleases** - "whatever he wants" -* **The nations' idols are silver and gold** - "The idols of the nations are made of silver and gold" -* **the work of men’s hands** - AT: "The result of men's effort." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here the word "hands" represents the people who made the idols. AT: "things which men have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/005.md b/psa/115/005.md index 165010a39d..8c200ea1bf 100644 --- a/psa/115/005.md +++ b/psa/115/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Those idols have mouths -* [[en:tw:idol]] - -## translationNotes - -* **do not speak...** - "cannot speak, cannot see, cannot hear, cannot smell, etc" +The idols do not have real mouths, eyes, ears, or noses. Rather, people made them with the likeness of mouths, eyes, ears, and noses. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make clear the implied information. AT: "People have given mouths to those idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/007.md b/psa/115/007.md index 891940c46c..79a9ba3e45 100644 --- a/psa/115/007.md +++ b/psa/115/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Those idols have hands -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The idols do not have real hands, feet, or mouths. Rather, people made them with the likeness of hands, feet, and mouths. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make this implicit information clear. AT: "People have given hands to those idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# but do not feel -* **do not feel...** - "cannot feel, cannot walk, cannot speak, etc," -* **Those who** - "The people who" -* **are like them** - "will become like them" -* **as is everyone who trusts in them** - AT: "everyone who trusts in them will be like them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +"but those hands do not feel" + +# Those who make them are like them, as is everyone who trusts in them + +Those who make and worship idols become lifeless and powerless, just like those idols. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Those who make them become lifeless like they are, as does everyone who trusts in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/009.md b/psa/115/009.md index d187e0d729..0c841c1eb1 100644 --- a/psa/115/009.md +++ b/psa/115/009.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Israel, trust in Yahweh -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The word "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "People of Israel, trust in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# your help and shield -* **your help** - "the one who helps you" -* **and shield** - AT: "and the one who protects you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **House of Aaron** - "You descendants of Aaron" -* **You who honor** - "All of you who revere" +The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield because he protects his people as a shield would protect them from harm. AT: "the one who helps you and protects you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# House of Aaron + +Here the word "House" represents the family or descendants. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. AT: "Descendants of Aaron" or "Priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/012.md b/psa/115/012.md index af7b8d2982..bf9a1c3b9e 100644 --- a/psa/115/012.md +++ b/psa/115/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# takes notice of us -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:family]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"has paid attention to us" -## translationNotes +# the family of Israel -* **takes notice of us** - "has paid attention to us" -* **both young and old** - "those who have a low status along with those who have a high status" -* **increase your numbers more and more, yours and your descendants** - "give more children to you, both to you and to your descendants" +This refers to the people of Israel, who are descendants of Jacob, who also called Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the family of Aaron + +This refers to the priests, who are descendants of Aaron. AT: "the descendants of Aaron" or "the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# both young and old + +"both small and great." Possible meanings are that this refers 1) to social status or 2) to age. In either case, the two extremes represent every person, regardless of age or social status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# May Yahweh increase your numbers more and more + +The writer is speaking of the number of children that the people of Israel would have. AT: "May Yahweh increase the number of your children more and more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# yours and your descendants' + +"both your children and your descendants' children." The writer clarifies that his request for more children applies not only to the present generation, but to their descendants, as well. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/015.md b/psa/115/015.md index fccd193869..b83e05f36f 100644 --- a/psa/115/015.md +++ b/psa/115/015.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# May you be blessed by Yahweh, who made heaven and earth -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh, who made heaven and earth, bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the earth he has given to mankind -* **May you be blessed by Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh has blessed you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **May you** - The word "you" refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Israel, and whoever reveres Yahweh. -* **who made** - "he who made" -* **the earth he has given to mankind** - "he has given the earth to people" or "he has given the earth to humanity" +This does not mean that the earth does not belong to Yahweh, but that has given the earth to mankind as a dwelling place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/017.md b/psa/115/017.md index c2f5f7ae2f..278c49300c 100644 --- a/psa/115/017.md +++ b/psa/115/017.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The dead -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +The adjective "dead" may be translated with a noun phrase. AT: "People who are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# nor do any who go down into silence -* **The dead** - "People who are dead" -* **who go down into silence** - AT: "who go into the grave." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]), [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **But we** - The word "we" refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Israel, and whoever reveres Yahweh. -* **we will bless Yahweh** - See how you translated "I will bless Yahweh" in [[en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]], but notice that "we" and "I" are different. +This parallel phrase has a similar meaning to phrase before it. The verb may be supplied from that previous phrase to make the meaning clear. AT: "nor do any who go down into silence praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# nor do any who go down into silence + +The writer speaks of the grave or the place of the dead as a place of silence where no one can speak. This is a euphemism for death. AT: "nor do any who go to the place of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# But we + +The word "we" refers to the people of Israel who are still alive. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/intro.md b/psa/115/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21f7620a13 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/115/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 115 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 115 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 115:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../114/intro.md) | [>>](../116/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/001.md b/psa/116/001.md index 9e75c3b611..542a9d9c50 100644 --- a/psa/116/001.md +++ b/psa/116/001.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# he hears my voice and my pleas for mercy -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **I love** - The word "I" refers to the person who wrote this psalm. We do not know who this person was. -* **my voice** - AT: "what I say." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **will call on him** - "call to him" or "pray to him" +Here the word "voice" represents the person who is speaking. The abstract nouns "pleas" and "mercy" can be stated as "plead" and "merciful." AT: "he hears me when I plead for him to be merciful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/003.md b/psa/116/003.md index 13ad6ccfd9..9ea67ef598 100644 --- a/psa/116/003.md +++ b/psa/116/003.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anguish]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# The cords of death surrounded me -* The person who made this song continues to speak. -* **The cords of death surrounded me** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:018:004]]. -* **the snares of sheol confronted me** - "the traps of death caught me." AT: "I almost died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **anguish and sorrow** - "suffering and grief" -* **called on the name of Yahweh** - "prayed in the name of Yahweh." -* **rescue my life** - "keep me alive" or "rescue me" +The writer speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:4](../018/004.md). AT: "I felt like I was about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the snares of Sheol confronted me + +The writer speaks of "Sheol," the place of the dead, as if it were a person who could trap him with snares. AT: "I felt as if I were ready to enter the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# called on the name of Yahweh + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "called out to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rescue my life + +Here the word "life" represents the person. AT: "rescue me" or "keep me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/005.md b/psa/116/005.md index 544e60ed63..5de08233c1 100644 --- a/psa/116/005.md +++ b/psa/116/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +The person who made this song continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# the naive -* The person who made this song continues to speak. -* **and fair** - "and righteous" or "and does what is right" -* **our God** - The word "our" refers to the person who made the song and the rest of the people of Israel. -* **the naive** - "people who are ignorant" or "those who are inexperienced" -* **I was brought low** - AT: "I was in danger" or "I was helpless." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to people who are inexperienced or who cannot care for themselves. The adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "those who are naive" or "those who are helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I was brought low + +The writer speaks of being humbled as in being in a lower position. AT: "I was helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/007.md b/psa/116/007.md index ed3dfe7c13..68aabbf151 100644 --- a/psa/116/007.md +++ b/psa/116/007.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# My soul can return to its resting place -* The person who made this song continues to speak. -* ** My soul can return to its resting place** - AT: "I can rest in peace again." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **for Yahweh** - "because Yahweh" -* **you rescued my life from death** - AT: "have saved me from death" or "have rescued me from death." -* **my eyes from tears** - AT: "You have saved me from grief." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my feet from stumbling** - AT: "You have saved my feet from stumbling" or "You have kept the danger from destroying me." +The writer speaks of having peace and confidence as if it were a place where his soul can rest. The word "soul" represents the person. AT: "I can rest in peace again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you rescued my life from death + +Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh. The word "life" represents the person. AT: "you have saved me from death" or "you have kept me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my eyes from tears + +The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. AT: "you have rescued my eyes from tears" or "you have kept me from crying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my feet from stumbling + +The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. The feet here represent the person. Stumbling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. AT: "you have rescued me from stumbling" or "you have kept me from being killed by my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/009.md b/psa/116/009.md index 2ff8940459..a8efd14af9 100644 --- a/psa/116/009.md +++ b/psa/116/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# in the land of the living -* The person who made this song continues to speak. -* **in the land of the living** - AT: "while I am still alive." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I am greatly afflicted** - "I am greatly suffering" -* **I rashly said** - "Without thinking, I said" -* **All men are liars** - "Every person is a liar" or "All people are liars" +"in this world where people are alive." This is in contrast to the place of the dead. + +# I am greatly afflicted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I suffer greatly" or "People afflict me very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I rashly said + +"I said too quickly" or "I said without considering" + +# All men are liars + +"Every person is a liar" or "All people are liars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/012.md b/psa/116/012.md index 6a290844bb..87372f1ab6 100644 --- a/psa/116/012.md +++ b/psa/116/012.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] +The person who made this song continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# How can I repay Yahweh ... to me? -* The person who made this song continues to speak. -* **How can I repay...** - AT: "I cannot repay..." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I will raise the cup of salvation** - AT: "I will offer a drink offering to Yahweh because he promises to save me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **call on the name of Yahweh** - “will trust in the promises of Yahweh” or “will worship Yahweh." See how you translated "called on the name of Yahweh" in [[en:bible:notes:psa:116:003]]. -* **Precious in the sight of Yahweh is the death of his saints** - AT: "Yahweh takes very seriously the death of those who are faithful to him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The writer asks this leading question to introduce how he will respond to what Yahweh has done for him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is how I will repay Yahweh ... to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will raise the cup of salvation + +This is probably a reference to a drink offering, which was a sacrifice that involved pouring wine on the altar, and which the writer will offer in response to Yahweh saving him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "I will present a drink offering to Yahweh because he saved me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# call on the name of Yahweh + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "call on Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Precious in the sight of Yahweh is the death of his saints + +The word "Precious" here does not imply that Yahweh values the death of his saints, but that the death of his saints is costly to him and grieves him. Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "Yahweh considers the death of his saints to be a costly thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/016.md b/psa/116/016.md index 475bd9d6dd..7a5afcac90 100644 --- a/psa/116/016.md +++ b/psa/116/016.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# the son of your servant woman -* The person who made this song continues to speak. -* **the son of your servant woman** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:086:015]]. -* **have taken away my bonds** - AT: "have saved me from death." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **the sacrifice of thanksgiving** - "a sacrifice that shows that I am thankful" -* **will call on the name of Yahweh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:116:012]]. +This is likely a reference to the writer's mother and indicates that she faithfully worshiped Yahweh. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "as my mother was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you have taken away my bonds + +The writer speaks of being in danger of dying as if he had been chained in prison. AT: "you have saved me from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sacrifice of thanksgiving + +"a sacrifice to express my thankfulness" + +# will call on the name of Yahweh + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "will call on Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/018.md b/psa/116/018.md index 114d155468..4bf1279e57 100644 --- a/psa/116/018.md +++ b/psa/116/018.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +The person who made this song continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# I will fulfill ... all his people -* The person who made this song continues to speak. -* **I will fulfill...all his people** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:psa:116:012]]. -* **in the courts of Yahweh's house** - "in the courtyards of the temple of Yahweh" -* **in your midst, Jerusalem** - The singer speaks to Jerusalem as though it were a person. AT: "in Jerusalem." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +See how you translated [Psalms 116:14](./012.md). + +# in the courts of Yahweh's house + +The word "house" refers to Yahweh's temple. AT: "in the courtyards of Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in your midst, Jerusalem + +The writer speaks to Jerusalem as though it were a person. AT: "in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/intro.md b/psa/116/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e812d167d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/116/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 116 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 116 is a psalm of praise for saving the psalmist's life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Healing ##### +The author was very sick and expected to die but God healed him. So he will pay his vow and sacrifice an offering of thanks. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 116:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../115/intro.md) | [>>](../117/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/117/001.md b/psa/117/001.md index 967969cc65..a669593ddc 100644 --- a/psa/117/001.md +++ b/psa/117/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For his -* **For his** - "Because his" -* **is great toward us** - "is abundantly at work on our behalf" -* **endures forever** - "lasts forever" +"Because his" + +# his covenant faithfulness is great toward us + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the trustworthiness of Yahweh endures forever + +The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be translated with an adjective or a verbal phrase. AT: "Yahweh remains trustworthy forever" or "Yahweh will forever be worthy of people trusting him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/117/intro.md b/psa/117/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..39670eb3fa --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/117/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 117 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 117 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +Everyone should praise God for his love and unending faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 117:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../116/intro.md) | [>>](../118/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/001.md b/psa/118/001.md index 65e7189e90..cee96c0ebd 100644 --- a/psa/118/001.md +++ b/psa/118/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Let Israel say** - AT: "Let the people of Israel say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Thank Yahweh because of the good things he does" + +# his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Let Israel say + +The word "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "Let the people of Israel say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/003.md b/psa/118/003.md index c478f864a9..5fc74e3f64 100644 --- a/psa/118/003.md +++ b/psa/118/003.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the house of Aaron say -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] +Here the word "house" represents the family and descendants of a person. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. AT: "Let the descendants of Aaron say" or "Let the priests say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# His covenant faithfulness endures forever -* **the loyal followers of Yahweh** - AT: "the true worshipers of Yahweh" or "those who respect Yahweh" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). AT: "He remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the loyal followers of Yahweh + +"those who fear Yahweh" or "those who worship Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/005.md b/psa/118/005.md index 3a0433b207..27442a3f03 100644 --- a/psa/118/005.md +++ b/psa/118/005.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# set me free -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] +The writer speaks of Yahweh saving him from distress as if Yahweh had taken him from a place of confinement to a wide open space where he could move about freely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# what can man do to me? -* **In my distress** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:018:006]] -* **set me free** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:018:018]] -* **what can man do to me?** - AT: "people cannot do anything to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Yahweh is on my side** - This indicates that Yahweh will help or defend me. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **I will look in triumph on those who hate me** - AT: "I will see Yahweh defeating all those who hate me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is nothing that man can do to hurt him since Yahweh is with him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "people cannot do anything to harm me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yahweh is on my side as my helper + +To be on one's side is an idiomatic expression that indicates that that person approves of and will help another. AT: "Yahweh approves of me and will help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will look in triumph on those who hate me + +It is implied that Yahweh is the one who will defeat the writer's enemies, while the writer looks on. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "I will see Yahweh defeating all those who hate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/008.md b/psa/118/008.md index ec45b2100e..433d818a4c 100644 --- a/psa/118/008.md +++ b/psa/118/008.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to take shelter in Yahweh -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:confidence|confidence, confident]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +God is spoken of as if he were a shelter, a place where people can be protected. AT: "to seek protection from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to take refuge in Yahweh -* **take shelter** - AT: "seek protection" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **confidence in man** - AT: "confidence in man's power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This verse is parallel to the one preceding it. God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. AT: "to seek protection from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/010.md b/psa/118/010.md index 5766ca52be..8dd20b8099 100644 --- a/psa/118/010.md +++ b/psa/118/010.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# All the nations -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] +Here the word "nations" represents the armies of those nations. The writer uses hyperbole to emphasize the great number of armies that surrounded him. AT: "The armies of many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# in Yahweh's name -* **All the nations** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **They surrounded me like like bees** - AT: "They completely surrounded me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **they disappeared as quickly as fire among thorns** - AT: "they disappeared quickly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "by Yahweh's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I cut them off + +The writer speaks of defeating the enemy armies as if he were cutting them off like a person would cut a branch off of a plant. AT: "I defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They surrounded me like bees + +The writer compares the enemy armies to a swarm of bees. AT: "They surrounded me like a swarm of bees would surround a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they disappeared as quickly as fire among thorns + +Just like dry thorns burn out quickly, the attack of the enemy armies was quickly over. AT: "their attack lasted only a short time, as a fire that consumes thorns quickly dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/013.md b/psa/118/013.md index 315a759922..eb34c0bf22 100644 --- a/psa/118/013.md +++ b/psa/118/013.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to knock me down -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] +The writer speaks of the enemy armies trying to defeat him as if they were trying to push him down onto the ground. AT: "in order to defeat me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh is my strength and joy -* **to knock me down** - AT: "to defeat me" +"Yahweh gives me strength and joy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/015.md b/psa/118/015.md index c604f38e5f..f5706b59a2 100644 --- a/psa/118/015.md +++ b/psa/118/015.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The joyful shout of victory is heard in the tents of the righteous -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People hear the joyful shout of victory in the tents of the righteous" or "The righteous shout joyfully for victory in their tents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the right hand of Yahweh conquers -* There are no notes for this passage. +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "Yahweh has conquered by his great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The right hand of Yahweh is exalted + +Here, to raise one's hand is a gesture of victory. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has exalted his right hand" or "Yahweh has raised his right hand in victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/017.md b/psa/118/017.md index d636e20bae..b763bf3061 100644 --- a/psa/118/017.md +++ b/psa/118/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will not die, but live -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +The writer states the same idea both negatively and positively to emphasize that he will certainly live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh has punished me -* **I will not die, but live** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Yahweh has punished me** - AT: "Yahweh has disciplined me" -* **he has not handed me over to death** - AT: "taken my life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"Yahweh has disciplined me" + +# he has not handed me over to death + +The writer speaks of death as if it were a person under whose power Yahweh could place the writer. AT: "he has not allowed me to die" or "he has not allowed my enemies to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/019.md b/psa/118/019.md index ffb56cecac..1053739041 100644 --- a/psa/118/019.md +++ b/psa/118/019.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Open to me the gates of righteousness -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] +"Open to me the gates through which the righteous people enter." This is a reference to the gates of the temple, and the writer is addressing the gatekeepers. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Open for me the temple gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# the gate of Yahweh -* **Open to me the gates of righteousness** - This is addressed to the gatekeepers of the temple. -* **gate of Yahweh** - This references a gate of the temple of Yahweh. +"the gate that leads to Yahweh's presence" or "Yahweh's gate" + +# I will give thanks to you + +Here the writer begins to speak to Yahweh. + +# you have become my salvation + +The word "salvation" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "you have saved me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/022.md b/psa/118/022.md index 9625c40f9e..6dc9151a79 100644 --- a/psa/118/022.md +++ b/psa/118/022.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amazed|marvel, wonder, be amazed, be astonished]] -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:cornerstone|cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] +This is likely a proverb that the writer has used to describe either the king or the nation of Israel. That which others have considered worthless, Yahweh has made to be the most important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -## translationNotes +# it is marvelous in our eyes -* **the cornerstone** - AT: “the foundation stone, upon which everything else rests” or "the most important stone" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in our eyes** - AT: "in our opinion" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "it is a marvelous thing for us to see" or 2) "we consider it to be a marvelous thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/024.md b/psa/118/024.md index 4ea5da9bb2..325b6a5c6e 100644 --- a/psa/118/024.md +++ b/psa/118/024.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# rejoice and be glad -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] - -## translationNotes - -* **rejoice and be glad** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Please give us victory now, Yahweh** - AT: "Please save now, Yahweh!" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. AT: "be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/026.md b/psa/118/026.md index b9d25b7d8f..607c38b010 100644 --- a/psa/118/026.md +++ b/psa/118/026.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] +Here the priests begin to address the king. -## translationNotes +# he who comes in the name of Yahweh -* **he who comes in the name of Yahweh** - AT: "the one who comes in the power of the Lord" or "the one who does things to bring glory to God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **bind the sacrifice with cords** - AT: "tie the sacrifice with rope" -* **horns of the altar** - The horns were part of the top of the altar. +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "the one who comes in the power of the Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# we bless you from the house of Yahweh + +Here the priests address the people. + +# the house of Yahweh + +The word "house" refers to the temple. AT: "Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has given us light + +The writer speaks of Yahweh blessing his people as if Yahweh were shining a light on them. AT: "he has blessed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bind the sacrifice with cords + +"tie the sacrifice with rope" + +# You are my God + +Here the writer begins to speak again and addresses Yahweh directly. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/029.md b/psa/118/029.md index 8d77ddd473..fce49e1c25 100644 --- a/psa/118/029.md +++ b/psa/118/029.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] +This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## translationNotes +# give thanks to Yahweh; for he is good -* **oh** - This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. +"thank Yahweh because of the good things he does." See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1](./001.md). + +# his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). AT: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/intro.md b/psa/118/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..32b60201bf --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/118/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 118 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rejected stone ##### +The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the messiah's rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 118:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../117/intro.md) | [>>](../119/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/001.md b/psa/119/001.md index e840822d78..7603954b4d 100644 --- a/psa/119/001.md +++ b/psa/119/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:blameless|blameless]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# ALEPH -* See: talink Translating Poetry and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **ALEPH** - This is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. -* **Blessed are those whose ways are blameless** - AT: "How good it is for those whom no one can blame for doing wrong." -* **ways** - How a person behaves is spoken of as "ways" or "paths." AT: "behaviors" or "actions" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who walk in the law of Yahweh** - The way a person lives or behaves is spoken of as walking. AT: "who live according to the law of Yahweh" or "who obey the law of Yahweh." This phrase clarifies the meaning of "whose ways are blameless." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who seek him with all their heart** - To: "seek God" means wanting to know him and "with all of their heart means wanting intensely. AT: "who really want to know/obey him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is the name of the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. + +# Blessed are those + +"How good it is for those" + +# those whose ways are blameless + +How a person behaves is spoken of as "ways" or "paths." AT: "those whose behavior is blameless" or "those whom no one can blame for doing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who walk in the law of Yahweh + +The way a person lives or behaves is spoken of as walking. AT: "who live according to the law of Yahweh" or "who obey the law of Yahweh." This phrase clarifies the meaning of "whose ways are blameless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who seek him with all their heart + +To "seek" God means to want to know him. + +# with all their heart + +This is an idiom which means intensely or sincerely. AT: "with all their being" or "with everything in them" or "sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/003.md b/psa/119/003.md index 21e3808096..91dda07691 100644 --- a/psa/119/003.md +++ b/psa/119/003.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: +Most of this psalm is addressed to God, and the words "you" and "your" almost always refer to him. -## translationNotes +# They do no wrong -* Most of this psalm is addressed to God, and the words “you” and "your" almost always refer to him. -* **they walk in his ways** - "they walk in Yahweh's ways." Their behavior is spoken of as walking, and the way God wants us to behave is spoken of as his ways. AT: "they behave as Yahweh wants them to" (UDB) -* **keep your instructions** - "obey all the things that you have declared that we should do" +They do not disobey Yahweh. + +# they walk in his ways + +"they walk in Yahweh's ways." Here their behavior is spoken of as "walking," and the way God wants them to behave is spoken of as "his ways." AT: "they behave as Yahweh wants them to" + +# keep your instructions + +"obey all the things that you have declared that we should do" + +# carefully observe them + +This is to carefully know and understand the commandments and to obey those commandments. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/005.md b/psa/119/005.md index 86d4eccbf7..869a526761 100644 --- a/psa/119/005.md +++ b/psa/119/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I would be firmly established -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +The writer speaks of being established in God's commandments as if no one could physically make him move. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# observance of your statutes -* **observance of your statutes** - "in obeying your statutes" -* **all your commandments** - "all that you have commanded us" +"in obeying your statutes" + +# I would not be put to shame + +The writer does not want to be ashamed when he is in God's presence. + +# all your commandments + +"all that you have commanded us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/007.md b/psa/119/007.md index 32e9041903..e434b3d088 100644 --- a/psa/119/007.md +++ b/psa/119/007.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# an upright heart -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"a sincere heart." A person who is sincere will do what is right. The heart refers to the center of emotions in a person. See how you translated "uprightness" in [Psalms 25:21](../025/020.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# your statutes -* **I will give thanks to you with a sincere heart** - AT: "I will sincerely give you thinks" -* **sincere** - "truthful" or "pure" +"Statutes" refers to God's laws or commands. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/009.md b/psa/119/009.md index 7cbd0e075d..c68e035f9d 100644 --- a/psa/119/009.md +++ b/psa/119/009.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# BETH -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is the name of the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 9-16 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# How can a young person keep his path pure? -* **BETH** - This is the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 9-16 begins with this letter. -* **How can a young person keep his path pure?** - This question is used to introduce a new value to the word of God. AT: "This is how a young person can keep his path pure" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I seek you** - Here this means "I try to serve you." -* **stray from your commandments** - AT: “disobey your commandments.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This question is used to introduce a new value to the word of God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is how a young person can keep his path pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# keep his path pure + +The writer compares living according to God's law as a path kept clear of obstructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# With my whole heart + +This is an idiom. The heart refers to all of one's emotions, feelings, desires, and will. AT: "with all my being" or "with everything in me" or "sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do not let me stray from your commandments + +Here to disobey God's commandments is described as straying off a path. AT: "Do not let me disobey your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/011.md b/psa/119/011.md index ee47098deb..2fa7f51f5d 100644 --- a/psa/119/011.md +++ b/psa/119/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# I have stored up your word in my heart -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] - -## translationNotes - -* **I have stored up your word in my heart** - "I have put your words in my heart." This means "I have memorized your word." The heart is pictured as a container that can hold what people think. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I have put your words in my heart." This is a metaphor that means "I have memorized your word." The heart is pictured as a container that can hold what people think. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/013.md b/psa/119/013.md index 19f6f0717e..8f8cc94a39 100644 --- a/psa/119/013.md +++ b/psa/119/013.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] - -## translationNotes +# more than in all riches +"more than all the wealth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/015.md b/psa/119/015.md index 1c1518a9ea..9e147d4e17 100644 --- a/psa/119/015.md +++ b/psa/119/015.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I will meditate ... and pay attention -* [[en:tw:meditate]] +These are parallel thoughts that have similar meanings, which are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# meditate on your instructions -* **meditate on your instructions** - "think carefully about what you have instructed us" -* **pay attention** - AT: "give careful thought" +"think carefully about what you have instructed us" + +# pay attention + +This idiom refers to thinking clearly about what is being discussed. AT: "give careful thought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I delight + +to take pleasure \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/017.md b/psa/119/017.md index eee9317382..48f4a029bc 100644 --- a/psa/119/017.md +++ b/psa/119/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# GIMEL -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amazed|marvel, wonder, be amazed, be astonished]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This is the name of the third letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 17-24 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# your servant -* **GIMEL** - This is the third letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 17-24 begins with this letter. -* **your servant** - The writer called himself "your servant" to show his humility. -* **open my eyes** - This means "help me to understand." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in your law** - AT: "in your instructions" or "in your commands" +The writer called himself "your servant" to show his humility. + +# Open my eyes so that I may see + +The author speaks of gaining understanding, knowledge and wisdom as being able to see. AT: Help me to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# marvelous things in your law + +The author speaks of insight into the law as objects to marvel at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in your law + +"in your instructions" or "in your commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/019.md b/psa/119/019.md index 1d42f3fa83..76b57171f0 100644 --- a/psa/119/019.md +++ b/psa/119/019.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I am a foreigner in the land -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +Possible meanings are 1) the writers speaks of his short life on earth as if he were a foreigner who would not stay long in the land. AT: "I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land" or 2) the writer's ignorance of God's law as if he were a foreigner who did not know the laws of the land. AT: "I am ignorant like a foreigner in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# My desires are crushed by the longing -* **I am a foreigner in the land** - AT: "I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **My desires are crushed by the longing** - AT: "My inner being strongly desires to know" or "My soul aches because I want so much to know" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of his desires being very strong as if they were in pain. AT: "My inner being strongly desires to know" or "My soul aches because I want so much to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/021.md b/psa/119/021.md index c2d7e15406..d41842904a 100644 --- a/psa/119/021.md +++ b/psa/119/021.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# who are cursed -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, cursed]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke]] -* [[en:tw:rebuke|rebuke]] +Possible meanings are that 1) God will curse them or 2) they deserve God's punishment. AT: "who deserve your punishment" -## translationNotes +# who wander from your commandments -* **who are cursed** - Possible meanings are that 1) God will curse them, or 2) they deserve God's punishment. AT: "who deserve your punishment" -* **who wander from your commandments** - AT: "who go away from the path of your commandments" or "who disobey your commandments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Spare me from** - "Keep me from" or "Rescue me from" -* **and humiliation** - "and feeling ashamed and foolish" +The writer speaks of disobeying God's commandments as if they were a path that can be wandered off from. AT: "who go away from the path of your commandments" or "who disobey your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Spare me from + +"Keep me from" or "Rescue me from" + +# humiliation + +"feeling ashamed and foolish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/023.md b/psa/119/023.md index cbb9d44932..1672aae7e0 100644 --- a/psa/119/023.md +++ b/psa/119/023.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Though rulers plot and slander me -* [[en:tw:counselor]] -* [[en:tw:counselor|counsel, counselor]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:meditate|meditate]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|ruler, rulers]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:slander|slander, slanderer]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +"Though rulers make plans to harm me and say bad things about me" -## translationNotes +# Your covenant decrees are my delight -* **Though rulers plot and slander me** - "Though rulers make plans to harm me and say bad things about me" -* **Your covenant decrees are my delight** - "Your covenant decrees make me very happy." -* **and they are my counselors** - God's decrees are spoken of as if they were people. AT: "and they are like wise counselors to me" or "and they give me wise counsel" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"Your covenant decrees make me very happy." + +# they are my counselors + +God's decrees are spoken of as if they were people. AT: "they are like wise counselors to me" or "they give me wise counsel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/025.md b/psa/119/025.md index 2adb7cc5b5..077076753f 100644 --- a/psa/119/025.md +++ b/psa/119/025.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# DALETH -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This is the name of the fourth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 25-32 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# My life clings to the dust -* **DALETH** - This is the fourth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 25-32 begins with this letter. -* **My life clings to the dust** - Possible meanings are that 1) he thought that he would die soon, 2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or 3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **by your word** - AT: "according to your promise" +This is an idiom. Possible meanings are that 1) he thought that he would die soon, or 2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or 3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Give me life by your word + +This is an idiom. Here "life" refers to purpose and significance, not just biological life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by your word + +"according to your promise" + +# my ways + +What a person does or how he behaves is spoken of as if it were a road or way. AT: "what I have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/027.md b/psa/119/027.md index 2d7696e864..405c230511 100644 --- a/psa/119/027.md +++ b/psa/119/027.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# wondrous teachings -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] +"amazing teachings" -## translationNotes +# with grief -* **wondrous** - "amazing" -* **My heart drips** - Possible meanings are 1) "My heart is very weak" or "My heart cries." -* **with sadness** - "because I am so sad" -* **strengthen me** - "help me stand." This means "make me strong." It may refer to physical strength or spiritual strength. +"because I am so sad" + +# Strengthen me + +"Make me strong." This may refer to physical strength or spiritual strength. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/029.md b/psa/119/029.md index 9c780b8ff9..62d77efb5c 100644 --- a/psa/119/029.md +++ b/psa/119/029.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Turn from me the path of deceit -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The word "path" here refers to a way of behaving. AT: "Keep me from following the path of deceit" or "Prevent me from being deceptive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# deceit -* **Turn from me the path of deceit** - The word "path" here refers to a way of behaving. AT: "Keep me from following the path of deceit" or "Prevent me from being deceptive" A (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **deceit** - Possible meanings are 1) "lying" or 2) "believing lies" or "following lies." -* **the way of faithfulness** - AT: "to follow your truths" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the way of faithfulness** - AT: "to be faithful to you" +Possible meanings are 1) "lying" or 2) "believing lies" or "following lies." + +# the way of faithfulness + +How a person behaves or acts is spoken as if it were a road or way. AT: "to be faithful to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/031.md b/psa/119/031.md index 6db778a34b..a9afaa8a70 100644 --- a/psa/119/031.md +++ b/psa/119/031.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I cling to your covenant decrees -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Holding tightly to them refers to being committed to obeying them. AT: "I hold tightly to your covenant decrees" or "I am committed to obeying your covenant decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# covenant decrees -* **I cling to your covenant decrees** - AT: "I hold tightly to your covenant decrees." Holding tightly to them means being committed to obeying them. AT: "I am committed to obeying your covenant decrees" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **covenant decrees** - AT: "your requirements" (UDB) -* **I will run in the path of your commandments** - AT: "I will move swiftly to obey your commandments" or "I will be quick to obey your commands" -* **you enlarge my heart** - Possible meanings are "you help me understand your commands" or 2) 'you make me want to obey your commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to the Law of Moses. + +# I will run in the path of your commandments + +The writer speaks of being focused or committed to obeying God's commands as if one is running on a path. AT: "I will be committed to obey your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you enlarge my heart + +This is an idiom. Possible meanings are 1) "you help me gain greater understanding of your commands" or 2) "you give me greater desire to obey your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/033.md b/psa/119/033.md index fdde2a6443..aac3e3657d 100644 --- a/psa/119/033.md +++ b/psa/119/033.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# HE -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is the name of the fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 33-40 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# your statutes -* **HE** - This is the fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 33-40 begins with this letter. -* **to the end** - AT: "to the end of my life" or "to the end of time" -* **keep your law** - "obey your law " -* **I will keep your Law with all my heart** - “I will surely keep your Law” or “I am completely committed to keeping your Law” +This is another way of describing the Law of Moses. + +# to the end + +Possible meanings are 1) "completely" or 2) "to the end of my life" or 3) "to the end of time." + +# keep your law + +"obey your law" + +# I will observe it with all my heart + +"I will surely observe your law" or "I am completely committed to doing what it says" + +# with all my heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "with all my being" or "with everything in me" or "sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/035.md b/psa/119/035.md index ecf1246d15..612992c6a8 100644 --- a/psa/119/035.md +++ b/psa/119/035.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Guide me in the path of your commandments -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous|unrighteous, unrighteousness]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +"Guide me according to your commandments" or "Teach me to obey your commandments." God's commandments are compared to a path that a person walks in obedience to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Direct my heart toward -* **Guide me in the path of your commandments** - "Guide me according to your commandments" or "Teach me to obey your commandments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] -* **Direct my heart toward** - AT: "Make me want" -* **your covenant decrees** - AT: "to obey your covenant decrees" -* **unrighteous gain** - AT: "the desire for riches" +This is an idiom. The "heart" here refers to the will, desires, and choices that directs one's life. AT: "Make me want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your covenant decrees + +"to obey your covenant decrees". This is referring to obeying the Law of Moses. + +# unrighteous gain + +"the desire for riches." This is referring to wealth gained by illegal methods or wrongdoing towards others. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/037.md b/psa/119/037.md index fbed0ac359..869af459be 100644 --- a/psa/119/037.md +++ b/psa/119/037.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Turn my eyes from looking at worthless things -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +This is a metaphor that refers to one desiring things that have no eternal value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# revive me in your ways -* **worthless things** - "things that have no value" -* **revive me in your ways** - make me able to live as you wish me to live -* **revive me** - AT: "make my life strong" or "give me strength" -* **Carry out for your servant your promise that you made to those who honor you** - AT: "Do for your servant what you promised to do for those who honor you" -* **your servant** - The writer referred to himself as God's servant to show his humility. AT: "me, your servant" +"make me able to live as you wish me to live" + +# revive me + +"make my life strong" or "give me strength" + +# Carry out for your servant your promise that you made to those who honor you + +"Do for your servant what you promised to do for those who honor you" + +# your servant + +The writer referred to himself as God's servant to show his humility. AT: "me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/039.md b/psa/119/039.md index 83ef3a8675..2ea94f9474 100644 --- a/psa/119/039.md +++ b/psa/119/039.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I dread -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer|deliver, deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +"I am very afraid of" -## translationNotes +# your righteous judgments are good -* **Take away the insults I dread** - The information that the insults are bad things that his enemies were saying about him can be stated clearly. AT: "Take away my enemies' mockery, which I fear" or "I dread the bad things my enemies say about me. Stop them from saying those things." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I dread** - "I am very afraid of" -* **your righteous judgments are good** - All of God's judgments are righteous. AT: "Your judgments are righteous and good" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_informremind]]) -* **I have longed for your instructions** - AT: "I very much want your instructions." Possible meanings are 1) "I want very much to know your instructions" or 2) "I want very much to obey what you teach us to do." -* **with your righteous deliverance** - All of God's deliverance is good. AT: "with your deliverance, because it is righteous" or "with your salvation, because you are righteous" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_informremind]]) +God judges rightly and his decisions are good. AT: "Your judgments are righteous and good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# See + +This refers to being aware of the situation. The focus is on knowledge or understanding, rather than just observing. + +# I have longed for your instructions + +Possible meanings are 1) "I want very much to know your instructions" or 2) "I want very much to obey what you teach us to do." + +# revive me in your righteousness + +The word "righteousness" is an abstract noun and refers to being righteous. AT: "revive me because you are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# revive me + +Possible meanings are 1) "Keep me alive" or 2) "Make me strong." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/041.md b/psa/119/041.md index e9481c8e47..397e1f8557 100644 --- a/psa/119/041.md +++ b/psa/119/041.md @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# VAV -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is the name of the sixth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 41-48 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# give me your unfailing love -* **VAV** - This is the sixth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 41-48 begins with this letter. -* **give me your unfailing love** - This is a request. AT: "please give me your unfailing love" -* **a reply** - AT: "an answer" +This is a request. AT: "please give me your unfailing love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your salvation + +You may make clear the understood information. AT: "give me your salvation" or "save me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a reply + +"an answer" or "a response" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/043.md b/psa/119/043.md index e82a6fb28a..9bcbab4551 100644 --- a/psa/119/043.md +++ b/psa/119/043.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not take the word of truth from my mouth -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Here the writer is represented by his "mouth." AT: "Never prevent me from speaking your truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# for I have waited for your righteous decrees -* **Do not take the word of truth from of my mouth** - AT: "Never prevent me from speaking your truth" -* **for I have waited for your righteous decrees** - "waiting" has the concept of trusting, having confidence that God will do as He decrees. +"waiting" has the concept of trusting, having confidence that God will do as he decrees. + +# I will observe + +"I will obey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/045.md b/psa/119/045.md index 07c10e2aae..71a4cb05a9 100644 --- a/psa/119/045.md +++ b/psa/119/045.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will walk securely -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +To walk securely is to live one's life securely. AT: "I will live securely in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# I seek your instructions -* **solemn commands before kings** - AT: "serious commands to kings" or "instructions to kings" +To "seek" is to perceive, or gain understanding of God's instructions as if one can see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# solemn commands before kings + +"serious commands to kings" or "instructions to kings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/047.md b/psa/119/047.md index 219521c37a..f0dc93ee28 100644 --- a/psa/119/047.md +++ b/psa/119/047.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I delight in your commandments -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +Possible meanings are 1) "I find delight in studying your commandments" or 2) "I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments." -## translationNotes +# lift up my hands to -* **I delight in your commandments** - Possible meanings are 1) "I find delight in studying your commandments" or 2) I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments". -* **lift up my hands to** - to honor, cherish or respect God's commandments. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an idiom which means to honor, cherish or respect God's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/049.md b/psa/119/049.md index 069a0e0488..ebe31eddb8 100644 --- a/psa/119/049.md +++ b/psa/119/049.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# ZAYIN -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is the name of the seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 49-56 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# Call to mind your promise -* **ZAYIN: ** - This is the seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 49-56 begins with this letter. -* **Call to mind** - "Do remember". See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:020:003]] +"Remember your promise." See how you translated this in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md) + +# This is my comfort in my affliction: that your promise has kept me alive + +This clause can be restructured. AT: "The reason for my comfort is that your promise has kept me alive in my affliction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/051.md b/psa/119/051.md index a417059dd4..99cef72e3f 100644 --- a/psa/119/051.md +++ b/psa/119/051.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The proud -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "The proud people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# scoffed at -* **scoffed at** - to mock someone or something that is looked down on, doubted, or not honored -* **from ancient times** - This is a reference to when the decrees, the Law, were given along time ago. +to mock someone or something that is looked down on, doubted, or not honored + +# from ancient times + +This is a reference to when the decrees, the Law, were given to Moses many years before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/053.md b/psa/119/053.md index 6913f10cfa..ecb0bea053 100644 --- a/psa/119/053.md +++ b/psa/119/053.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Hot anger has taken hold of me -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +This is an idiom. Anger is expressed as if it is a person that can grab another person. AT: "I have become very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Your statutes have been my songs -* **Hot anger has taken hold of me ** - AT: "I have become very angry." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"I have used your statutes as lyrics to my music" or "I have created songs from your statutes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/055.md b/psa/119/055.md index b71b254e12..a7ff78409b 100644 --- a/psa/119/055.md +++ b/psa/119/055.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I think about your name -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "I think about you, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I keep your law -* **my practice** - AT: "something I do over and over" or "my habit" +This is an idiom which means to obey the law. AT: "I obey your law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my practice + +"my habit" + +# I have observed your instructions + +This is an idiom which means to follow or to obey those instructions. AT: "I have obeyed your instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/057.md b/psa/119/057.md index 99691d4ca8..620d38a960 100644 --- a/psa/119/057.md +++ b/psa/119/057.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# HETH -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of the eighth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 57-64 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh is my portion -* **HETH: ** - 64 begins with this letter. -* **Yahweh is my portion ** - This means Yahweh is all he wants. This refers to the division of the land of Canaan. The Levites did not receive vast territories as the other tribes did. The Lord was their portion. +This means Yahweh is all he wants. Just as the Levites did not receive vast territories of land for the Lord was to be their portion so the writer claims Yahweh as the satisfier of his needs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/059.md b/psa/119/059.md index d6e630c1d3..658bfd4c37 100644 --- a/psa/119/059.md +++ b/psa/119/059.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# turned my feet -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Here "feet" represent the whole person. To repent and choose to obey God's laws is like turning one's feet on a path to head in another direction. AT: "changed my direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I hurry and do not delay -* **turned my feet** - AT: "changed my direction" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **I hurry and do not delay** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The writer expresses the same idea both positively and negatively in order to emphasize the urgency with which he obeys Yahweh's commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/061.md b/psa/119/061.md index dbef0d57f2..6dc956e6d9 100644 --- a/psa/119/061.md +++ b/psa/119/061.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# The cords of the wicked have ensnared me -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] - -## translationNotes - -* **The cords of the wicked have ensnared me** - AT: "My enemies have tried to catch me" +In this metaphor, wicked or evil people tried to cause the writer to sin like a hunter seeking to catch an animal with a trap. AT: "My enemies have tried to catch me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/063.md b/psa/119/063.md index c55acdcf61..d0b08940c5 100644 --- a/psa/119/063.md +++ b/psa/119/063.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I am a companion of all who honor you -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +"I am a friend of all who honor you" -## translationNotes +# The earth, Yahweh, is full of your covenant faithfulness -* **I am a companion** - AT: "I am a friend of all who honor you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. The abstract noun "covenant faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 33:5](../033/004.md). AT: "People everywhere on earth can see that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant" or "Throughout the earth, there is evidence that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/065.md b/psa/119/065.md index d3fb7f331a..e12e33c806 100644 --- a/psa/119/065.md +++ b/psa/119/065.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# TETH -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of the ninth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 65-72 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# to your servant -* **TETH:** - 72 begins with this letter. -* **by means of your word** - AT: "as you have promised" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The writer refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "to me, your servant" or "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# by means of your word + +This is an idiom. "Your word" refers to the promises Yahweh has made to the writer. AT: "as you have promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Teach me proper discernment and understanding, for I have believed in your commandments + +Some languages may require change in logical progression. AT: "Since I have believed in your commandments, teach me proper discernment and understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-intro]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/067.md b/psa/119/067.md index 92efc4d067..8a62c97e57 100644 --- a/psa/119/067.md +++ b/psa/119/067.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Before I was afflicted -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Before you afflicted me" or "Before you punished me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# I went astray -* There are no notes for this passage. +Disobeying God is spoken of as if the person walked on the wrong path. AT: "I disobeyed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I observe your word + +Here "word" represents commandments. AT: "I obey your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/069.md b/psa/119/069.md index ded23cac79..0ba6fa64ce 100644 --- a/psa/119/069.md +++ b/psa/119/069.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The arrogant -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:arrogant|arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Arrogant people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## translationNotes +# smeared me with lies -* **smeared me with lies** - AT: "spread many bad lies about me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **whole heart ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:009:001]]. -* **hearts are hardened** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:095:008]]. +People telling many lies about a person is spoken of as if they made the person dirty by spreading lies over him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with my whole heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's will. AT: "with complete commitment" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their hearts are hardened + +Here "hearts" represents the people's wills. A person being stubborn is spoken of as if their hearts or wills were hard like a rock. AT: "They are stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/071.md b/psa/119/071.md index 77ca3eda64..ce340c73bf 100644 --- a/psa/119/071.md +++ b/psa/119/071.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Instruction from your mouth is -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] +Here "mouth" represents what God says. AT: "The instructions you have spoken are" or "Your instructions are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# than thousands of pieces of gold and silver -* **Instruction from your mouth** - This refers to the Law. AT: "The instructions you have given" +This can be stated more generally. AT: "than a large amount of money" or "than great wealth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/073.md b/psa/119/073.md index 40e8f50411..a45eb4f6ab 100644 --- a/psa/119/073.md +++ b/psa/119/073.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# YOD -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is the name of the tenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 73-80 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# Your hands have made and fashioned me -* **YOD:** - 80 begins with this letter. +God creating a person is spoken of as if God used his hands to shape the person the way someone may shape clay into an object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your hands + +Here "hands" represents God's power or action. AT: "You" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because I find hope in your word + +"because I trust what you say" or "I confidently believe what you say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/075.md b/psa/119/075.md index 1288d27f8e..5c1e4c5f1f 100644 --- a/psa/119/075.md +++ b/psa/119/075.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# in faithfulness you afflicted me -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "you punished me because you are faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Let your covenant faithfulness comfort me -* **in faithfulness you afflicted me** - God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. AT: "you remain faithful even when you disciplined me" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Comfort me by showing me that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your servant + +The writer refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "me, your servant" or "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/077.md b/psa/119/077.md index d0db841818..02dee65fc1 100644 --- a/psa/119/077.md +++ b/psa/119/077.md @@ -1,21 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Let the proud be put to shame -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:meditate|meditate]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:slander|slander, slanderer]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Put the proud to shame" or "Cause those who are proud to be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the proud -* There are no notes for this passage. +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "proud people" or "those who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/079.md b/psa/119/079.md index 570d1aed93..a0f0329c6b 100644 --- a/psa/119/079.md +++ b/psa/119/079.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# turn to me -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +People returning in friendship to the writer is spoken of as if they physically turn towards him. AT: "come to me" or "unite with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# those who know your covenant decrees -* **turn to me** - AT: "come to me" or "unite with me" +Possible meanings are 1) this further describes those who honor God or 2) this indicates the purpose for those who honor God to return to the writer. The words "so that" could be added to indicate this. AT: "so that they may learn what you command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# May my heart be blameless + +Here "heart" represents a person's thoughts and motives. AT: "May I be blameless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I may not be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I may not be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/081.md b/psa/119/081.md index fda1103368..a2c5267386 100644 --- a/psa/119/081.md +++ b/psa/119/081.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# KAPH -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is the name of the eleventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 81-88 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# I have hope in your word -* **KAPH:** - 88 begins with this letter. -* **My eyes long** - AT: "I wait and wait" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"I confidently trust in what you say" + +# My eyes long to see your promise + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "I wait and wait for you to do what you promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/083.md b/psa/119/083.md index f8e2e9b482..45c8c5da6e 100644 --- a/psa/119/083.md +++ b/psa/119/083.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I have become like a wineskin in the smoke -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:persecute|persecute, persecution]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +A wineskin is ruined when it hangs for a long time in a smoke-filled place. The writer compares himself to a wineskin that has been ruined by smoke to emphasize that he feels useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# How long must your servant endure this; when will you judge those who persecute me? -* **wineskin** - a bag made of animal skin for holding wine -* **like a wineskin in the smoke** - AT: "useless" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **How long must your servant endure this; when will you judge those who persecute me?** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +The writer uses a question to request God to punish those who persecute him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please do not make wait any longer. Punish those who persecute me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# must your servant + +The writer refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "must I, your servant" or "must I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/085.md b/psa/119/085.md index 85ec06a855..913dbad233 100644 --- a/psa/119/085.md +++ b/psa/119/085.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The proud have dug pits for me -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +The proud are seeking to capture the writer or cause him to do wrong. This is spoken of as if they were hunters digging holes to trap the writer like an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The proud -* **The proud have dug pits for me** - This refers to hunting where pits are dug to capture animals by falling into the pit. The proud are seeking to capture the psalmist or cause him to do wrong. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Proud people" or "Those who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/087.md b/psa/119/087.md index 8aa9de6e84..da4d090388 100644 --- a/psa/119/087.md +++ b/psa/119/087.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# They have almost made an end to me on earth -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] +This is a polite way of speaking about someone killing someone else. AT: "They have almost killed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# By your steadfast love -* **They have almost made an end to me on earth ** - AT: "They have almost killed me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +"According to your steadfast love." The phrase "steadfast love" or "faithfulness" can be stated as an adverb. AT: "because you faithfully love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/089.md b/psa/119/089.md index fb50eeb082..7e954fefd7 100644 --- a/psa/119/089.md +++ b/psa/119/089.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# LAMEDH -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of the twelfth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 89-96 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# your word stands forever -* **LAMEDH:** - 96 begins with this letter. -* **for all generations** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:089:011]]. +"what you have said will be true forever" + +# your word is established firmly in heaven + +This speaks about what God has said as if it were an object that stands firmly upright. AT: "what you have said will be true in heaven forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for all generations + +"for all future generations." This is an idiom that means "forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/091.md b/psa/119/091.md index f733cd1a1c..3dde60f303 100644 --- a/psa/119/091.md +++ b/psa/119/091.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# all things are your servants -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish, perishing, perishable]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] - -## translationNotes - -* **all things are your servants** - AT: "all things serve you" or "all things obey your commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +All created things are spoken of as if they were persons who can serve God. AT: "all things serve you" or "all things obey your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/093.md b/psa/119/093.md index 35a57826ec..478c5744ee 100644 --- a/psa/119/093.md +++ b/psa/119/093.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will never forget -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I will always remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# for through them you have kept me alive -* **I will never forget** - AT: "I will remember" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +It is implied that the writer obeys God's instructions. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "for you have kept me alive because I obey them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for I seek your instructions + +Trying hard to obey God's instructions is spoken of as if instructions were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/095.md b/psa/119/095.md index d13345280a..e749b4114a 100644 --- a/psa/119/095.md +++ b/psa/119/095.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will seek to understand -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] +"I will try hard to understand" -## translationNotes +# everything has its limits -* **everything has its limits ** - AT: "everything will come to an end" -* **beyond limits** - AT: "without limits" or "eternal" +"all things have an end" + +# but your commandments are broad, beyond limits + +God's commandments always being true and perfect is spoken of as if God's commandments were an object that is so wide that it never ends. AT: "but your commandments are without limits" or "but your commandments are eternal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/097.md b/psa/119/097.md index a6d4263b35..86c6b56a30 100644 --- a/psa/119/097.md +++ b/psa/119/097.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# MEM -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:meditate|meditate]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +This is the name of the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 97-104 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# your commandments are always with me -* **MEM:** - 104 begins with this letter. -* **your commandments are always with me** - AT: "your commandments are always on my mind" or "I frequently think about your commandments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +Constantly thinking about God's commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were an object that the writer keeps with him always. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/099.md b/psa/119/099.md deleted file mode 100644 index fd3a7309e8..0000000000 --- a/psa/119/099.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] - -## translationNotes - -* **instructions ** - AT: "rules" or "commandments" diff --git a/psa/119/101.md b/psa/119/101.md index e880a3ac89..acfeff6ced 100644 --- a/psa/119/101.md +++ b/psa/119/101.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I have kept my feet back from every evil path -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +Avoiding doing what is evil is spoken of as if it were avoiding walking on paths that are evil. AT: "I have avoided doing what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# kept my feet -* **kept my feet back from every evil path** - AT: "not done evil" or "have not followed evil ways" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **turned aside ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:014:002]] +Here "feet" represents the whole person. AT: "kept myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# observe your word + +"obey your word" or "observe your commands" + +# I have not turned aside from your righteous decrees + +Continuing to obey God's righteous decrees is spoken of as if the writer has not physically turned away from the righteous decrees. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I always obey your righteous decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/103.md b/psa/119/103.md index 5761b409f3..3fb9957163 100644 --- a/psa/119/103.md +++ b/psa/119/103.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# How sweet are your words to my taste, yes, sweeter than honey to my mouth! -* [[en:tw:discernment]] -* [[en:tw:discernment|discern, discernment]] +The writer delighting in what God says is spoken of as if God's words were food that tasted sweet to the writer. AT: "Your words are good and delightful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I gain discernment -* **How sweet are your words to my taste, yes, sweeter than honey to my mouth!** - AT: "God's words are good and delightful!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +The abstract noun "discernment" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I learn to discern what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# therefore I hate every false way + +Evil behavior is spoken of as if it were a false way or road. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/105.md b/psa/119/105.md index 34c57fafbf..cb1c9f6624 100644 --- a/psa/119/105.md +++ b/psa/119/105.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# NUN -* [[en:tw:confirm]] -* [[en:tw:confirm|confirm, confirmation]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This is the name of the fourteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 105-112 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path -* **NUN:** - 112 begins with this letter. -* **is a lamp to my feet ** - These two phrases have the same meaning. AT: "shows me where to go" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two phrases have similar meanings. They speak about God telling a person how to live as if the person were walking on a path and God's words were a light that helps the person see where to go. AT: "Your words tell me how to live my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your word + +Here "word" represents all that God communicates to people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/107.md b/psa/119/107.md index 8f95502058..59046092d6 100644 --- a/psa/119/107.md +++ b/psa/119/107.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# as you have promised in your word -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering]] -* [[en:tw:freewilloffering|freewill offering]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"as you have promised to do" -## translationNotes +# freewill offerings of my mouth -* **freewill offerings of my mouth ** - The psalmist's prayer is compared to a sacrifice offered to God. AT: "my prayer as a sacrifice to you" +The writer speaks of his prayer as if it were a sacrifice that he is offering to God. AT: "my prayer as a sacrifice to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of my mouth + +Here "mouth" represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/109.md b/psa/119/109.md index f6a3c78539..d75396bd83 100644 --- a/psa/119/109.md +++ b/psa/119/109.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My life is always in my hand -* [[en:tw:astray]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] +This is an idiom that means the writer's life is always in danger. AT: "My enemies are often trying to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# I do not forget your law -* **set a snare ** - This means to be put in a position or situation that is difficult to escape. AT: "set a trap" (See "snare" here: [[:en:ta:workbench:translate:biblicalimagery]]) -* **strayed from your instructions** - AT: "disobeyed your instructions" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I always remember your laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# The wicked have set a snare for me + +Wicked people trying to capture and kill the writer is spoken of as if they were hunters setting a trap to catch an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The wicked + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I have not strayed from your instructions + +Not disobeying God's instructions is spoken of as if the writer has not walked away from God's instructions. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I obey your instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/111.md b/psa/119/111.md index 0c9fd99758..b80bbf2dcc 100644 --- a/psa/119/111.md +++ b/psa/119/111.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I claim your covenant decrees as my heritage forever -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:forever|decrees]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +The writer always cherishing and obeying God's decrees is spoken of as if the decrees are land or a possession that the writer will inherit. AT: "Your laws will belong to me forever" or "Your covenant decrees are like a heritage I will keep forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# they are the joy of my heart -* **I claim your covenant decrees as my heritage forever ** - AT: "Your laws will belong to me forever" -* **they are the ** - AT: "they bring me delight" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **my heart is set on obeying** - AT: "I am determined to obey" -* **forever to the very end ** - AT: "to the end of the world" or "to the end of my life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "they make me joyful" or "I delight in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# My heart is set on obeying + +Here "heart" represents the writer's will. The phrase "heart is set" is an idiom. It is a way of saying the writer is determined. AT: "I am determined to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to the very end + +Possible meanings are 1) "every one of them" 2) "to the very end of my life" or 3) "to the very end of time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/113.md b/psa/119/113.md index af6a99992e..975d0fd360 100644 --- a/psa/119/113.md +++ b/psa/119/113.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# SAMEKH -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] +This is the name of the fifteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 113-120 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# who have a double mind -* **SAMEKH:** - 120 begins with this letter. -* **who have a double mind** - These people are not sincere. They are not wholly committed to following God. AT: "who cannot make up their mind about following God" or "who are insincere" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my hiding place** - This means God is like a place where we can hide from our enemies, where we are safe and protected. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my shield** - AT: "my protector" -* **your word** - AT: "your instruction" +A person who is not sincere and not fully committed to obeying God is spoken of as if the person has two minds. AT: "who are not completely committed to obeying you" or "who are insincere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my hiding place + +God making the writer safe is spoken of as if God were a place where the writer could go and hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my shield + +God protecting the writer is spoken of as if God were the writer's shield. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I wait for your word + +Here "wait" means to wait expectantly. This has the idea of hope and trust. AT: "I trust in your word" + +# your word + +Here "word" represents what God communicates to people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/115.md b/psa/119/115.md index 7292534320..40d6288e96 100644 --- a/psa/119/115.md +++ b/psa/119/115.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Sustain me by your word -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +"Give me strength as you said you would" or "Enable me to be strong as you promised" -## translationNotes +# and not be ashamed of my hope -* **Sustain me by your word** - AT: "Give me strength through your word" or "Enable me to be strong as you promised in your word" +Here "my hope" represents the writer's trust in God and his promises. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "Do not disappoint me." or "Do not cause me shame by not doing what you promised to do." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/117.md b/psa/119/117.md index e0548a67d2..d6ff0ff269 100644 --- a/psa/119/117.md +++ b/psa/119/117.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Support me -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:meditate|meditate]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people, poor (the poor)]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:reject|reject, push away]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +"Help me" or "Strengthen me" -## translationNotes +# those people are deceptive and unreliable -* **deceptive and unreliable ** - AT: "misleading and not able to be trusted" or "dishonest and not able to be trusted" +Possible meanings are 1) "those people lie and no one can trust them" or 2) "those people make deceitful plans but they will fail" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/119.md b/psa/119/119.md index 12f01a94a8..d3170ecb1d 100644 --- a/psa/119/119.md +++ b/psa/119/119.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You remove all the wicked of the earth like slag -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +Slag is the waste or undesired leftovers in the process of refining gold or other metals. Yahweh removes the wicked people as if they were trash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# the wicked -* **You remove all of the wicked of the earth like slag** - Slag is the waste or undesired leftovers in the process of refining gold or other metals. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **solemn commands** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:025:010]]. -* **trembles in fear of you** - AT: "shakes because I fear you" +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# like slag + +"like trash" or "like waste" + +# My body trembles in fear of you + +Here "body" represents the whole person. AT: "I shake because I fear you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I am afraid of your righteous decrees + +It is implied that the writer is afraid of God's righteous decrees because the writer knows that God punishes those who disobey his decrees. You can make the full meaning of this statement explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/121.md b/psa/119/121.md index 5a8da460af..5a96e5e6ad 100644 --- a/psa/119/121.md +++ b/psa/119/121.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# AYIN -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This is the name of the sixteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 121-128 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# do not abandon me to my oppressors -* **AYIN:** - 128 begins with this letter. -* **abandon me to my oppressors** - AT: "allow people to oppress me" +"do not allow people to oppress me" + +# Guarantee the welfare of your servant + +The writer speaks about himself as "your servant." AT: "Guarantee my welfare" or "Help and protect me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the proud + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "those who are proud" or "proud people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/123.md b/psa/119/123.md index b5b7a2d280..6e713e0ed1 100644 --- a/psa/119/123.md +++ b/psa/119/123.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My eyes grow tired as I wait -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "I grow tired because I wait and wait" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# for your salvation and for your righteous word -* There are no notes for these verses. +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "for you to save me as you promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your righteous word + +"your righteous promise" + +# Show your servant + +The writer speaks about himself as "your servant." AT: "Show me" or "Show me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adverb or adjective. AT: "that you faithfully love me" or "that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/125.md b/psa/119/125.md index ed81856134..f088bf9867 100644 --- a/psa/119/125.md +++ b/psa/119/125.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# give me understanding -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] +The abstract noun "understanding" can be stated as a verb. AT: "enable me to understand what you want me to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# It is time for Yahweh to act -* There are no notes for this passage. +The writer is speaking to Yahweh in the third person. This can be stated in second person. AT: "It is time for you to act, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# people have broken your law + +This is an idiom. Here "have broken" means "disobeyed." This is a way of saying the people have disobeyed God's law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/127.md b/psa/119/127.md index abac0b592f..5641930a07 100644 --- a/psa/119/127.md +++ b/psa/119/127.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I carefully follow all your instructions -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] +A person carefully obeying all of God's instructions is spoken of as if as if the instructions were leading a person and that person follows behind. AT: I carefully obey all of your instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# every path of falsehood -* **every path of falsehood** - AT: "all the bad ways some people live" +People doing what is evil is spoken of as if they are walking on the wrong path. AT: "all the bad ways some people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/129.md b/psa/119/129.md index 74e2eabd10..0582ebba3f 100644 --- a/psa/119/129.md +++ b/psa/119/129.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# PE -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +This is the name of the seventeenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 129-136 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# The unfolding of your words gives light -* **PE** - This is the seventeenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 129-136 begins with this letter. -* **covenant decree** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:019:007]] -* **The unfolding of your words gives light** - AT: "The explanation of your words gives understanding" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh's words as if those words were fabric that is folded, and of the person who explains Yahweh's words as if they are unfolding that fabric. AT: "The explanation of your words gives light" or "When someone explains your words, they give light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The unfolding of your words gives light + +The writer speaks of Yahweh's words giving wisdom to a person as if his words were shining a light on them. AT: "The explanation of your words gives people wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/131.md b/psa/119/131.md index 4be5a77e42..01faf99700 100644 --- a/psa/119/131.md +++ b/psa/119/131.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I open my mouth and pant, for I long for your commandments -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +The writer speaks of his desire for Yahweh's commandments as if he were a dog panting for water. AT: "I earnestly long for your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Turn to me -* **I open my mouth and pant** - AT: "I am eagerly waiting" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **love your name** - AT: "love you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +To turn towards someone means to pay attention to that person. AT: "Pay attention to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# love your name + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "love you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/133.md b/psa/119/133.md index 12a559d2bb..4353b6cd76 100644 --- a/psa/119/133.md +++ b/psa/119/133.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Direct my footsteps -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +Here the word "footsteps" represents the writer as he is walking. He speaks of the way he lives, or his conduct, as if he were walking on a path. AT: "Direct me" or "Teach me how to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# do not let any sin rule me -* **Direct my footsteps** - AT: "Guide me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **do not let any sin rule me** - "do not let my enemies rule over me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The writer speaks of sin as if it were a person who has authority over him. Possible meanings are 1) "do not let me habitually commit any sin" or 2) "do not let sinful men rule me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Redeem me from human oppression + +The word "oppression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Save me from people who oppress others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/135.md b/psa/119/135.md index 49f433bf9c..07f743c235 100644 --- a/psa/119/135.md +++ b/psa/119/135.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Let your face shine on your servant -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh's face shone a light on him. AT: "Act favorably towards your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Streams of tears -* **shine on your servant ** - AT: "show favor on your servant" or "bless and guide your servant" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **streams of tears** - AT: "many tears" +The writer speaks of his many tears as if they were streams of water. AT: "Many tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# observe your law + +"obey your law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/137.md b/psa/119/137.md index 9e1bbfb324..1118390ad6 100644 --- a/psa/119/137.md +++ b/psa/119/137.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# TSADHE -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is the name of the eighteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 137-144 begins with this letter -## translationNotes +# covenant decrees -* **TSADHE ** - This is the eighteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 137-144 begins with this letter -* **covenant decrees** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:019:007]] +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/139.md b/psa/119/139.md index ca4f3f536b..e4a127fe5d 100644 --- a/psa/119/139.md +++ b/psa/119/139.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Anger has destroyed me -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:test|test]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This is an idiom. The phrase is an exaggeration for "I am extremely angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## translationNotes +# has been tested very much -* **tested very much ** - AT: "proven true" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have tested your word many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your servant loves + +The writer speaks of himself as if he were another person. AT: "I, your servant, love" or "I love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/141.md b/psa/119/141.md index aba007b7f6..c88cbbea76 100644 --- a/psa/119/141.md +++ b/psa/119/141.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# I am ... despised -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this passage. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People despise me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/143.md b/psa/119/143.md index 7e006ba846..718d0ef202 100644 --- a/psa/119/143.md +++ b/psa/119/143.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# distress and anguish have found me -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] - -## translationNotes - -* **distress and anguish have found me** - AT: "I have become distressed and anguished" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The psalmist speaks of distress and anguish as if they were people. AT: "I have become distressed and anguished" or "my body and my mind are suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/145.md b/psa/119/145.md index b3cbe71963..44f3bb05ec 100644 --- a/psa/119/145.md +++ b/psa/119/145.md @@ -1,22 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# QOPH -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is the name of the nineteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each of verses 145-152 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# with my whole heart -* **QOPH** - This is the nineteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each of verses 145-152 begins with this letter. -* **with my whole heart** - AT: "completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **covenant decree** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:019:007]] +The psalmist speaks of his whole being as if it were only his heart. AT: "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# covenant decrees + +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws."See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/147.md b/psa/119/147.md index d73237d8e7..1a1f746a46 100644 --- a/psa/119/147.md +++ b/psa/119/147.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# dawn of the morning -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:meditate|meditate]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +"before the sun first appears" -## translationNotes +# My eyes are open before the night watches change -* **dawn of the morning ** - AT: "before the sun first appears" -* **My eyes are open before the night watches change ** - In Hebrew culture, the night was divided into usually three "watches" or periods. AT: "I'm awake all night" +This is an idiom. In Hebrew culture, the night was usually divided into three "watches" or periods. AT: "I am awake all night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/149.md b/psa/119/149.md index c82b968207..7d96f801d0 100644 --- a/psa/119/149.md +++ b/psa/119/149.md @@ -1,24 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in your covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:persecute|persecute, persecution]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# they are far from your law -* **Hear my voice in your covenant faithfulness** - AT: "hear my prayers because of your covenant faithfulness" +"they have strayed from your law" or "they do not pay any attention to your laws" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/151.md b/psa/119/151.md index a7ac71a4fa..c8f966628b 100644 --- a/psa/119/151.md +++ b/psa/119/151.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all your commandments are trustworthy -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +"I can trust your commandments" -## translationNotes +# covenant decrees -* **all your commandments are trustworthy** - AT: "I can trust your commandments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **covenant decree** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:019:007]] +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md) + +# set them in place + +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's commands as if they were posts set in the ground. AT: "given them for people to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/153.md b/psa/119/153.md index cdcbfd26a9..651ce56d33 100644 --- a/psa/119/153.md +++ b/psa/119/153.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# RESH -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This is the name of the twentieth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 153-160 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# Look on my affliction -* **RESH ** - This is the twentieth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 153-160 begins with this letter. -* **Look on my affliction** - AT: "See my affliction" +The psalmist speaks of affliction as if it were an object that people could see. AT: "Look at how much I am suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Plead my cause + +"Defend me against those who accuse me" + +# keep me + +"protect my life" or "give me life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/155.md b/psa/119/155.md index 154bd2a879..621178236d 100644 --- a/psa/119/155.md +++ b/psa/119/155.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Salvation is far from the wicked -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] +God not saving a person is spoken of as if salvation were far from the person. The abstract noun "Salvation" can be stated as "save." AT: "You will certainly not save the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Great are your merciful actions -* **Salvation is far from the wicked** - AT: "The wicked will certainly not be saved" or "You will certainly not save the wicked" -* **Great are your merciful actions** - AT: "Your merciful acts are great" or "You have done many merciful things" -* **as you always do** - Another possible meaning is "because you do what is just." +Here "great" means "many." AT: "You have shown mercy to people many times" or "You have done many merciful things" + +# as you always do + +Another possible meaning is "because you do what is just." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/157.md b/psa/119/157.md index 3e26930ff6..29e4819c60 100644 --- a/psa/119/157.md +++ b/psa/119/157.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# My persecutors -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:persecute|persecute, persecution]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] +"Those who persecute me" -## translationNotes +# I have not turned from -* **the treacherous** - AT: "those who betray me" or "my enemies" +This is an idiom. "I have not stopped obeying" or "I have not stopped believing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# covenant decrees + +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." See how this is translated in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md). + +# the treacherous + +The adjective "treacherous" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "treacherous people" or "those who betray me" or "my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# do not keep + +"do not obey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/159.md b/psa/119/159.md index fd98107698..c552c5e392 100644 --- a/psa/119/159.md +++ b/psa/119/159.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# See -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +"Notice" or "Look at me so you can see" -## translationNotes +# by your covenant faithfulness -* **The essence of your word is trustworthy ** - AT: "your word is completely true" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The essence of your word is truth + +"Your word is completely true" or "Your word can be trusted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/161.md b/psa/119/161.md index 82dbd0c244..c0f45140e4 100644 --- a/psa/119/161.md +++ b/psa/119/161.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# SHIN -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:disobey|disobey, disobedient, disobedience]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid, fear of God, fear of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:persecute|persecute, persecution]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice, exult]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This is the name of the twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 161-168 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# my heart trembles, afraid of disobeying your word -* **SHIN:** - This is the twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 161-168 begins with this letter. -* **my heart trembles, afraid of disobeying your word** - AT: "I am shaking because I fear disobeying your word" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **plunder** - treasure -* book5}} +The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could tremble and be afraid. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I am shaking because I am afraid that I will disobey your word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# plunder + +Possible meanings are 1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or 2) things of great value or "treasure." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/163.md b/psa/119/163.md index ebe5441d2a..6dd9f8241d 100644 --- a/psa/119/163.md +++ b/psa/119/163.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# hate and despise -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] +These two words mean almost the same thing. AT: "hate very strongly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# falsehood -* There are no notes for this passage. +Possible meanings are this is a metonym for 1) "people who lie" or 2) "the false words that people say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/165.md b/psa/119/165.md index f7b05387dd..2e12c62a4b 100644 --- a/psa/119/165.md +++ b/psa/119/165.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# nothing makes them stumble -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:obey|obey, obedient, obedience]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] - -## translationNotes - -* **nothing makes them stumble** - AT: "nothing makes them sin" or "nothing makes them fall into error" +Possible meanings are 1) "nothing makes them do wrong" or 2) "nothing causes them trouble." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/167.md b/psa/119/167.md index 95241d54dd..d75b1f6970 100644 --- a/psa/119/167.md +++ b/psa/119/167.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I observe your solemn commands -* [[en:tw:command]] +"I obey your solemn commands" -## translationNotes +# solemn commands -* **solemn commands** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:025:010]] +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." See how you translated this in [Psalms 119:2](./001.md). + +# I keep your instructions + +"I obey your instructions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/169.md b/psa/119/169.md index 9246fabba5..e6889889c8 100644 --- a/psa/119/169.md +++ b/psa/119/169.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# TAV -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promised]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This is the name of the twenty-second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 169-176 begins with this letter. -## translationNotes +# give me understanding into your word -* **TAV:** - second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 169-176 begins with this letter. -* **May my plea come before you** - AT: "May you hear my prayer" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The psalmist speaks of the ability to understand as if it were a solid object. AT: "help me understand your word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May my plea come before you + +The psalmist speaks of the words he says in prayer as if they were people who want to speak to a king. AT: "May you hear my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/171.md b/psa/119/171.md index 45e0d1a3ca..0afa10146c 100644 --- a/psa/119/171.md +++ b/psa/119/171.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# May my lips pour out praise -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +The psalmist speaks of his lips as if they were a container and his praise a liquid that could be poured out. Here the word "lips" is a synecdoche which represents the whole person. AT: "I desire to praise you much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# my tongue sing -* **May my lips pour out praise ** - AT: "I desire to praise you a lot" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] ) -* **my tongue sing** - AT: "me sing" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The psalmist speaks of his tongue either 1) as if it were a person or 2) as a synecdoche for his whole being. AT: "me sing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/173.md b/psa/119/173.md index 4bad2be1a0..5bde94d02e 100644 --- a/psa/119/173.md +++ b/psa/119/173.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# May your hand help me -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] +The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "Please help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# have chosen -* ** May your hand help me ** - AT: Please help me (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +"have chosen to obey" + +# for your rescue + +"you to rescue me" + +# your law is my delight + +The abstract noun "delight" can be stated as a verb. "I very much enjoy obeying your law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/175.md b/psa/119/175.md index a7a2885ad6..94b8d4052c 100644 --- a/psa/119/175.md +++ b/psa/119/175.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# may your righteous decrees help me -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's decrees as if they were a person who could help him. AT: "may I listen to your righteous decrees and so become wise and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I have wandered off like a lost sheep -* **like a lost sheep ** - AT: "I have left your way like a sheep that has left its flock" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +The psalmist compares his disobedience to Yahweh to a sheep that has wandered away from the flock. AT: "I have left your way like a sheep that has left its flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# seek your servant + +"because I am your servant, come and search for me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/intro.md b/psa/119/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e112bad0c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/119/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 119 General Notes # + +#### Formatting in this chapter #### + +This is an alphabetic psalm with twenty-two groups of eight verses each all beginning with the same letter of the alphabet in the alphabetical order of the Hebrew alphabet. + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 119 is a wisdom psalm about the Law of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Law ##### +The author loved the law of God and was blessed by obeying it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 119:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../118/intro.md) | [>>](../120/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/120/001.md b/psa/120/001.md index f8757e31fe..92ae4963ef 100644 --- a/psa/120/001.md +++ b/psa/120/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cry]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|tongue]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." -* **In my distress** - “In my trouble.” AT: “When I was in trouble” -* **lie with their lips and deceive with their tongues** - AT: "lie to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "A song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "A song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "A song whose words are like steps." + +# In my distress + +"In my trouble" or "When I was in trouble" + +# Rescue my life + +Here the word "life" represents the person. AT: "Rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who lie with their lips and deceive with their tongues + +Here the phrases "their lips" and "their tongues" represent the people who speak lies and deceit. AT: "those who lie to me and try to deceive me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/120/003.md b/psa/120/003.md index 7817475cd1..5d34e08f92 100644 --- a/psa/120/003.md +++ b/psa/120/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# How will he punish you, and what more will he do to you, you who have a lying tongue? -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] +The writer asks this as a leading question to explain what God will do to liars. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is how God will punish you, and this is what he will do to you, you who have a lying tongue." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# you who have a lying tongue -* **What will he inflict on you, and what more besides, you deceitful tongue?** - AT: "God will punish the liars." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **deceitful tongue** - AT: "liars" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He will shoot you with the sharp arrows of warriors** - AT: "He will punish you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **arrowheads heated over hot coals** - This refers to the tip of an arrow and indicates a severe punishment. +Here "a lying tongue" represents the person who speaks lies. AT: "you who tell lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He will punish you with the arrows of a warrior + +The writer speaks of God severely punishing liars as if God were shooting them with arrows. AT: "He will punish you severely, as if he were shooting you with warrior's arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sharpened over burning coals of the broom tree + +This refers to how people forged the tip of the arrow in a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he sharpened over burning coals of the broom tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/120/005.md b/psa/120/005.md index ad40d0a885..a32205da76 100644 --- a/psa/120/005.md +++ b/psa/120/005.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I temporarily live in Meshech; I lived previously among the tents of Kedar -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:meshech]] -* [[en:tw:meshech|Meshech]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] +These two places were far away from each other. The writer is likely using the names metaphorically to represent living among cruel and barbaric people. AT: "It is as if I live in Meshech or among the tents of Kedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the tents of Kedar -* **Meshech** - This is the area inhabited by the descendants of Japeth. (See: [[:en:obe:other:japheth]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). -* **tents of Kedar** - AT: "among those who live in Kedar" or "among a people from the East" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This phrase represents the people of Kedar who live in those tents. AT: "the people who live in Kedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am for peace + +"I want peace" + +# they are for war + +"they want war" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/120/intro.md b/psa/120/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23c3565acc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/120/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 120 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 120 is a psalm of deliverance from liars. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fighting ##### +The author did not want to fight, but the people he lived with wanted to fight him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 120:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../119/intro.md) | [>>](../121/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/121/001.md b/psa/121/001.md index ac687af770..ffbc223edb 100644 --- a/psa/121/001.md +++ b/psa/121/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]]. -* **From where will my help come? ** - AT: "my hope only comes from you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md). + +# lift up my eyes + +This expression means "look at" or "focus my attention on." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# From where will my help come? + +The writer uses this question to focus attention on the source of his help. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I will tell you from where my help comes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# My help comes from Yahweh + +This is the answer to the previous question. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/121/003.md b/psa/121/003.md index 96f6c810d0..e92f0fd21c 100644 --- a/psa/121/003.md +++ b/psa/121/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] +There is a shift here to the second person. This may mean 1) the writer begins speaking to the people of Israel or 2) the writer is quoting another person speaking to the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# your foot to slip -* The speaker now begins speaking to the people of Israel. -* **He will not allow your foot to slip** - AT: "God will not allow you. Israel, to fail" or "God will protect you, Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_netaphor]]) -* **he who protects you will not slumber. See, the guardian of Israel never slumbers or sleeps** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) -* **he who protects you will not slumber ** - AT: "God will always protect you" or "God will not stop protecting you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **see** - This word strengthens the following sentence. It does not mean to do anything with your eyes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the guardian of Israel** - This is another reference to God being the protector of Israel. -* **slumbers or sleeps** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The slipping of a foot is associated with falling. AT: "you to fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he who protects ... the guardian + +These two phrases means the same thing, and emphasize God's role as a protector. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he who protects you will not slumber + +Here to "slumber" means he would stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. AT: "God will not fall asleep and stop protecting you" or "God will always protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# will not slumber ... never slumbers or sleeps + +These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# See + +This word alerts us to pay attention to the important information that follows. + +# never slumbers or sleeps + +These two words mean the same thing. Here to "slumber" means to stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. AT: "will not sleep and stop protecting you" or "will always protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/121/005.md b/psa/121/005.md index 97a4a5315f..9f1d646d81 100644 --- a/psa/121/005.md +++ b/psa/121/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh is the shade at your right hand +Here "shade" refers to protection. AT: "God is beside you to protect you from things that would hurt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# at your right hand -* **Yahweh is the shade at your right hand.** - AT: "God protects you from things that would hurt you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **The sun will not harm you by day, nor the moon by night.** - AT: "God protects you during the day and the night." or "God protects you from the elements during all the time." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Here this expression means to be beside or near to the writer. + +# The sun will not harm you by day, nor the moon by night + +The contrasting terms "day" and "night" refer to those extremes and everything in between. AT: "God protects you from the elements at all times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# nor the moon by night + +It is implies that "will not harm you" is implied here. The full meaning of this statement may be made clear. AT: "nor will the moon harm you by night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/121/007.md b/psa/121/007.md index 3023a0cd93..75248062a3 100644 --- a/psa/121/007.md +++ b/psa/121/007.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh will protect you ... he will protect your life ... Yahweh will protect you -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +These phrases all have similar meanings. The repetition strengthens the ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# your life -* **from all evil** - AT: "from all evil things" or "from being harmed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yahweh will protect you from all harm, and he will protect your life** - These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This refers to the writer. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/121/intro.md b/psa/121/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f311b5142d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/121/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 121 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 121 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +God always watches over those who believe in him and protects them from harm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 121:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../120/intro.md) | [>>](../122/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/122/001.md b/psa/122/001.md index c6a9bd7e15..1046067c50 100644 --- a/psa/122/001.md +++ b/psa/122/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]] -* **our feet are** - Here the people are being referred to by their feet since people stand on their feet. AT: "We are" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **inside your gates, Jerusalem** - AT: in the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **Jerusalem was build like a city that is compact together** - AT: "Jerusalem was built with great unity" +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# Jerusalem, our feet are standing within your gates! + +The writer briefly stops speaking to his audience and speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is spoken to as if it was a person who could hear the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# our feet are standing + +Here "feet" refers to the whole person. AT: "we are standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# within your gates + +Here "gates" refers to the city. AT: "inside you, Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/122/004.md b/psa/122/004.md index abfdaa852d..2b88199665 100644 --- a/psa/122/004.md +++ b/psa/122/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the name of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses|Law, Law of Moses, God's Law]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Here "name" refers to Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the house of David -* **The tribes go up there ... as a law for Israel** - AT: "The tribes of Israel goes up to house of Yahweh in obedience to his command" +Here "house" refers to the descendants of David. AT: "the descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/122/006.md b/psa/122/006.md index c3cf89ea51..ff652b92ba 100644 --- a/psa/122/006.md +++ b/psa/122/006.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# May those who love you have peace ... peace within your fortresses -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +This section states the content of the prayer that the writer wants his audience to pray. He asks them to speak directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# May there be peace within ... may they have peace within -* **They will prosper who love you.** - "Let those who love you prosper" -* **May there be peace within ... and prosperity within ...** - These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "May there be peace and prosperity within Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **peace within your walls** - Here Jerusalem is referred to by its walls. AT: "peace within Jerusalem" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **prosperity within your towers** - This refers to the Jerusalem and likely the surrounding areas within Jerusalem's control. At: "may there be prosperity in Jerusalem" or "may there be prosperity in Jerusalem and its surroundings" +These two phrases have the same meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "May the people in Jerusalem live in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# within the walls that defend you ... within your fortresses + +Here Jerusalem is referred to by the fortress walls that protects it. The terms "walls" and "fortress" refer to the same thing. AT: "within Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/122/008.md b/psa/122/008.md index 25b230be9d..1e6900780f 100644 --- a/psa/122/008.md +++ b/psa/122/008.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] +In this section, the writer speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# For the sake -* **sakes** - "well-being" -* **for your good** - AT: "for good things to happen to you" +"For the well-being" + +# May there be peace within you + +"May the people in you live in peace" + +# I will seek good for you + +The abstract noun "good" can be stated as an action. AT: "I will pray that people treat you well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/122/intro.md b/psa/122/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f54739b9ce --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/122/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 122 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 122 is a psalm about Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jerusalem ##### +Jerusalem is an important city, the center of government and religious activities; so the author prays for peace for the city. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 122:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../121/intro.md) | [>>](../123/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/123/001.md b/psa/123/001.md index c46740c2ff..9be28488c2 100644 --- a/psa/123/001.md +++ b/psa/123/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]] -* **I lift up my eyes** - Here the author refers to his eyes because that is the part of the body used for seeing. AT: "I look to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **enthroned** - sitting on a throne and ruling as king -* **as the eyes of servants … as the eyes of a maid … so our eyes look …** - These three phrases have similar meanings. The third phrase, about the Israelites, is being compared to how the servants and maids look to their masters and mistresses for help. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **maids** - "servant girls" -* **mistress** - the woman who has authority over the servant girls +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# I lift up my eyes + +Here the author refers to his eyes because that is the part of the body used for seeing. AT: "I look to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# enthroned + +sitting on a throne and ruling as king + +# as the eyes of servants ... as the eyes of a maid ... so our eyes look + +These three phrases have similar meanings. The third phrase, about the Israelites, is being compared to how the servants and maids look to their masters and mistresses for help. In each case "eyes" refers to the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# master's hand ... mistress's hand + +Here "hand" refers to the provision for needs. AT: "master's provision ... mistress's provision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# maid + +"servant girl" + +# mistress + +the woman who has authority over the servant girls + +# has mercy on us + +The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as an action. AT: "act mercifully toward us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/123/003.md b/psa/123/003.md index 605ce15826..1d5265dfa0 100644 --- a/psa/123/003.md +++ b/psa/123/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Have mercy on us -* [[en:tw:contempt]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] +The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as an action. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 123:2](./001.md). AT: "act mercifully toward us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# we are filled ... We are more than full -* **we are filled with humiliation** - "we have been disgraced" -* **We are more than full** - AT: "We have had too much" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **scoff** - to mock or insult -* **the insolent** - rude and arrogant people -* **of the scoffing ... and with the contempt ...** - There two phrases have very similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how much they have been mocked by the people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +These two phrases have similar meaning, with the second increasing the intensity of the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# we are filled with humiliation + +Here humiliation is spoken of as if it were something that could be fill up a person. "we are very disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We are more than full + +This idiom means that the amount is excessive, in a negative sense. AT: "We have had too much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# of the scoffing ... and with the contempt + +There two phrases have very similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how much they have been mocked by the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# scoffing + +"mocking" or "insults" + +# the insolent + +This refers to the insolent people. AT: "rude and arrogant people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the proud + +This refers to the proud people. AT: "the people who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/123/intro.md b/psa/123/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b0b766dd3e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/123/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 123 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 123 is a psalm asking for deliverance from the contempt of proud people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +Just as a servant trusts his master to protect him, so the author is trusting God to stop proud people from insulting him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 123:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../122/intro.md) | [>>](../124/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/124/001.md b/psa/124/001.md index dfa5e584f4..c43993201c 100644 --- a/psa/124/001.md +++ b/psa/124/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:rage]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]] -* **if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side** - AT: "Without Yahweh's help" -* **swallowed us up alive** - This metaphor compares how the Israelites could've died to how a fierce animal would attack a smaller animal to eat. AT: "killed us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **their anger raged against us** - AT: "They attacked us" +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# If Yahweh had not been on our side ... then they would have swallowed us up alive + +This is a hypothetical statement that describes a result that did not happen, because Yahweh was actually on their side. AT: "Yahweh was on our side ... so they were not able to swallow us up alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# If Yahweh had not been on our side ... if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side + +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "Without Yahweh's help ... without Yahweh's help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# swallowed us up alive + +This metaphor describes how the Israelites could have died to how a fierce animal would attack a smaller animal to eat. AT: "killed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their anger raged against us + +Here "their anger" refers to the enemies who were angry. AT: "they were very angry with us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/124/004.md b/psa/124/004.md index 2e234e939b..b9265c698c 100644 --- a/psa/124/004.md +++ b/psa/124/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +In these two verses the author compares the enemies of Israel to a flood of water. -## translationNotes +# The water would have swept us away ... would have drowned us -* In these two verses the author compares the enemies of Israel to a flood of water. -* **The water would have swept is away** - AT: "Our enemies would have easily defeated us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the torrent would have overwhelmed us** - "the violent waters would have been too much for us" or AT: "Our enemies would have overwhelmed us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the raging waters would have drowned us** - "the violent waters would have killed us" or AT: "our enemies would have killed us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This continues the hypothetical statement from the previous verse. It describes a result that did not happen, because Yahweh was actually on their side. AT: "The water did not sweep us away ... did not drown us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# The water ... the torrent ... the raging waters + +These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# swept us away ... overwhelmed us ... drowned us + +These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The water would have swept us away + +Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. AT: "Our enemies would have easily defeated us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the torrent would have overwhelmed us + +Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a flood of water that would have drowned the Israelites. AT: "our enemies would have overwhelmed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the raging waters would have drowned us + +Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a raging river that would have drowned the Israelites. AT: "our enemies would have destroyed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/124/006.md b/psa/124/006.md index 050ab885b6..f0f2cc40fe 100644 --- a/psa/124/006.md +++ b/psa/124/006.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# torn by their teeth -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] +The enemies are spoken of as if they were wild animals that would destroy the Israelites by eating them. AT: "destroyed as if we were eaten by wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# escaped like a bird out of the snare of the fowlers -* **the snare** - "the trap" +The writer describes his escape from the enemies as if he was a bird that had escaped from the snare of the hunters. AT: "escaped from our enemies as a bird escapes from the trap that hunters have set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# snare + +a small trap of string or wire made for catching small animals or birds + +# the snare has been broken + +The plot of the enemies to catch the writer failed as if it was a snare that had broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/124/008.md b/psa/124/008.md deleted file mode 100644 index e6e6e5c191..0000000000 --- a/psa/124/008.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for this verse. diff --git a/psa/124/intro.md b/psa/124/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14ffe0891e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/124/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 124 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 124 is a psalm of praise for God's delivering the Israelites from their enemy's attack. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh saves ##### +God saved the Israelites from their enemy who wanted to completely destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 124:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../123/intro.md) | [>>](../125/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/125/001.md b/psa/125/001.md index 6bb2448ca8..a716e090f7 100644 --- a/psa/125/001.md +++ b/psa/125/001.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:scepter]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] -* [[en:tw:wrong|wrong, mistreat, hurt]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]] -* **so Yahweh surrounds his people now and forever** - Here the phrase "Now and forever" means "always". AT: "so Yahweh will always surround his people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **The scepter of wickedness ... land of the righteous** - Here the scepter of wickedness of being used to represent wicked people. AT: "Wicked people must no be allowed to rule the righteous land of Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# Those who trust in Yahweh are like Mount Zion, unshakable, forever enduring + +People who trust in Yahweh are spoken of as if they they were Mount Zion. Mountains are unable to be moved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# As the mountains surround Jerusalem, so Yahweh surrounds his people + +Yahweh's protection is spoken of as if he was the mountains surrounding Jerusalem. Jerusalem was surrounded by several mountains, which protected it from attack. AT: "As the hills that surround Jerusalem protect it, so Yahweh protects his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# now and forever + +Here, this phrase means "always." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# The scepter of wickedness + +Here the scepter of wickedness represents the rule of wicked people. AT: "Wicked people" or "Wicked rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/125/004.md b/psa/125/004.md index 0ac413b9da..e686cf3c86 100644 --- a/psa/125/004.md +++ b/psa/125/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do good, Yahweh -* [[en:tw:evildoer]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +This is a request. AT: "Yahweh, please do good things" or "Yahweh, I beg you to do good things" -## translationNotes +# are upright in their hearts -* **Do good** - This is a request. AT: "Please do good" or "I beg you to do good" -* **upright in their hearts** - AT: "righteous" (See: [[[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **their crooked ways** - "their wicked ways" +Here, "hearts" refers to their desires. AT: "desire to do the right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turn aside + +Refusing to obey Yahweh is spoken of as turning away from a good path. AT: "leave good and go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their crooked ways + +Here wicked ways are spoken of as if they were a path that is not straight. AT: "their wicked ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lead them away + +People are lead away in order to punish them. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "lead them away to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/125/intro.md b/psa/125/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..649aaaa080 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/125/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 125 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 125 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +God protects good people. He will not allow the evil people to rule over the good people because they might make them do evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 125:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../124/intro.md) | [>>](../126/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/126/001.md b/psa/126/001.md index 85136138be..14c630540d 100644 --- a/psa/126/001.md +++ b/psa/126/001.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:dream|dream]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]] -* **restored the fortunes of Zion** - Made Zion prosperous again. +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# restored the fortunes of Zion + +"made Zion prosperous again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/126/002.md b/psa/126/002.md index ef026828bc..4d3c139435 100644 --- a/psa/126/002.md +++ b/psa/126/002.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# our mouths were filled with laughter -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] +Laughing is spoken of as if their mouths were a container and their laughter was in it. It can be made clear that this laughter was a response to their joy. AT: "we laughed for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# our tongues with singing -* **our mouths were filled with laughter** - AT: "We laughed and laughed" -* **our tongues with singing** - "our tongues were filled with singing" or AT: "we sang and sang" or "we sang and sang some more" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **they said among the nations** - "the people of the nations said among themselves" -* **Yahweh did great things for us; how glad we were!** - "how glad we were because Yahweh did these great things for us!" +The verbs "were filled" can be stated clearly. Singing is spoken of as if their tongues were containers and singing was in them. AT: "our tongues were filled with singing" or "we sang songs of joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they said among the nations + +"the people of the nations said among themselves." The pronoun is used before introducing what it references. This is very unusual. + +# Yahweh did great things for us; how glad we were! + +"How glad we were, because Yahweh did these great things for us!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/126/004.md b/psa/126/004.md index 1f333a0b6e..bb8b7e4805 100644 --- a/psa/126/004.md +++ b/psa/126/004.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Those who sow in tears ... He who goes out weeping ... bringing his sheaves with him -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:negev|Negev]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:restore|restore, restoration]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:sow|sow, sower]] +These two verses parallel each other. The second sentence has the same meaning as first sentence, but it gives more details. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Those who sow in tears -* **Those who sow in tears ... He who goes out weeping ... bringing his sheaves with him** - These are two verses are parallel--The seconde sentence has the same meaning as first sentence but it gives more details. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Those who sow in tears** - "Those who sow with tears" -* **sheaves** - AT: "crops" +"Those who sow with tears" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/126/intro.md b/psa/126/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d382adc7c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/126/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 126 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 126 is a psalm of praise for Yahweh bringing captives home. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sorrow and joy ##### +People may have sorrow now; but later it will turn into joy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/joy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 126:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../125/intro.md) | [>>](../127/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/127/001.md b/psa/127/001.md index 91f7285c96..5145d9b73c 100644 --- a/psa/127/001.md +++ b/psa/127/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:beloved|beloved]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:bread|bread]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon|Solomon]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]] -* **to rise up early, to come home late** - This references someone who works long hours of the day. -* **eat the bread of hard work** - AT: "work hard for your daily needs" +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# to rise up early, to come home late + +A person who works hard often has to wake up earlier in the morning and return home late at night. + +# eat the bread of hard work + +This is an idiom. Bread often represents the food a person needs every day in order to live. AT: "work hard for your daily needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/127/003.md b/psa/127/003.md index 0704ae20e7..bc8bf3340e 100644 --- a/psa/127/003.md +++ b/psa/127/003.md @@ -1,25 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# heritage -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:reward|reward]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:womb|womb]] +"gift" or "valued possession". Children normally receive an inheritance from their parents. Inheritance goes from parents to children. This passage refers to children as the inheritance of their parents. -## translationNotes +# Like arrows in the hand of a warrior, so are the children of one's youth -* **heritage** - This references something that is inherited. (See: [[:en:obe:kt:inherit]]) -* **Like arrows in the hand of a warrior, so are the children of one's youth** - AT: "Having many children will help to protect you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **quiver full of them** - A quiver is a container for arrows. AT: "a home full of children" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Arrows are very important to a warrior because they protect him in battle. Children are spoken of as if they are a warrior's arrow. AT: "Having many children will help to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# his quiver full of them + +A quiver is a container for arrows. Having many children is spoken of as if the children were arrows in a quiver. AT: "a home full of children" or "many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/127/intro.md b/psa/127/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..275aac5314 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/127/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 127 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 127 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessings ##### +God wants his people to have rest. It is a blessing to have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/rest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 127:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../126/intro.md) | [>>](../128/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/128/001.md b/psa/128/001.md index caf03866cc..511bf9f469 100644 --- a/psa/128/001.md +++ b/psa/128/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]] -* **Blessed is everyone who honors Yahweh** - "Yahweh will bless everyone who honors him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **What your hands provide** - Here a man is being referred to by his hands because that is the part of the body he works with. AT: "What you provide" or "What you work for" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **blessed and prosper** - These two words emphasize God's favor. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# Blessed is everyone who honors Yahweh + +This phrase occurs in the passive voice to avoid implying that Yahweh is obligated to bless those who honor him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bless everyone who honors him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What your hands provide + +A man can be referred to by his hands because that is the part of the body he works with. AT: "What you provide" or "What you work for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will be blessed and prosper + +The words "be blessed" and "prosper" share similar meanings and emphasize God's favor. AT: "Yahweh will bless you and prosper you" or "Yahweh will make you blessed and prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/128/003.md b/psa/128/003.md index 19aec082ca..f0d39bca2c 100644 --- a/psa/128/003.md +++ b/psa/128/003.md @@ -1,30 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# like a fruitful vine in your house -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:house|house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:olive|olive]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vine|vine]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The wife is spoke of as a vine producing a lot of fruit. This implies that children are like fruit and the wife will have many children. AT: "very productive and give you many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# your children will be like olive plants -* **like a fruitful vine in your house** - AT: "she will be very productive and give you many children" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **your children will be like olive plants** - His children are compared to the many shoots that grow up around an olive tree. AT: "you will have many children that will grow and prosper" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **around the table** - This refers to the place where a family gathers to eat. -* **the man will be blessed who honors Yahweh** - "Yahweh will bless the man who honors him" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all the days of your life** - "throughout your lifetime" -* **May peace be on Israel** - "May you give peace to Israel" +Children are compared to olive plants because of the way they grow to surround something. Children will surround the table and make it full. AT: "you will have many children who will grow and prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# around your table + +This refers to the place where a family gathers to eat. Often, all those who eat a man's table are under his authority or control. + +# the man will be blessed who honors Yahweh + +This can be stated as an active verb. "Yahweh will bless the man who honors him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the days of your life + +"throughout your lifetime" + +# May peace be on Israel + +"May Israel have peace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/128/intro.md b/psa/128/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2bb2a5798e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/128/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 128 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 128 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Respect ##### +Those people who respect God will live well and have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 128:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../127/intro.md) | [>>](../129/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/129/001.md b/psa/129/001.md index cc828d751c..b320dc390c 100644 --- a/psa/129/001.md +++ b/psa/129/001.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]] -* **they have attacked** - AT: "my enemies have attacked" -* **The plowers have plowed on my back** - Here the cuts being inflicted on someone's back by whipping is being compared to a farmer plowing a field. AT: "My enemies have cut me deeply on my back" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they made their furrows long** - AT: "They made their cuts long and deep" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# The plowers plowed on my back + +The cuts from a whipping are spoken of as the plow of a plowman. A farmer plowed deep lines into a field. AT: "My enemies have cut me deeply on my back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they made their furrows long + +This is a continuation of the plowing metaphor. The "furrow" is the line the farmer plowed. AT: "they made their cuts long" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/129/004.md b/psa/129/004.md index 1f5f3df711..a116b2cf14 100644 --- a/psa/129/004.md +++ b/psa/129/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he has cut the ropes of the wicked -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, shameful, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:turn|turn, turn away]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Israel is spoken of as being bound by evil people. AT: "he has freed us from our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# May they all be put to shame and turned back -* **cut the ropes of the wicked ** - AT: "He has freed us from our enemies"​ (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **May they all be put to shame and turned back** - "May God cause them to be put to shame and their wrath to be turned away from us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Yahweh is not explicitly mentioned as the one who does these things. This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh shame them and defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/129/006.md b/psa/129/006.md index 5bdd80868f..8cf002337a 100644 --- a/psa/129/006.md +++ b/psa/129/006.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# May they be like ... sheaves -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:reap|reap, reaper]] +The psalmist speaks of his enemies dying and being few in number. They are compare to the little bit of grass that grows on the roof of a house and withers and is not enough to cut or bundle. AT: "May they die and may there be so few of them that they would be like the grass ... sheaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# the blessing of Yahweh be on you -* **that cannot fill the reaper's hand** - "it's not enough for the reaper to cut" -* **or the chest of the one who binds sheaves** - "it's not enough to bind into sheaves" -* **the blessing of Yahweh** - AT: "Yahweh's blessing" +"Yahweh bless you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/129/intro.md b/psa/129/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f21702f518 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/129/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 129 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 129 is a psalm of deliverance from Israel's many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh saves ##### +Israel's enemies have always persecuted them but God has saved them from their enemies. He prays that this enemy will be destroyed with no one to wish them well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 129:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../128/intro.md) | [>>](../130/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/130/001.md b/psa/130/001.md index cc728cec1a..6b3d626a87 100644 --- a/psa/130/001.md +++ b/psa/130/001.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]]. -* **Out of the depths** - AT: "Because I am very sad" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I cry** - "I pray to you" -* **let your ears be attentive** - AT: "please listen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **to my pleas for mercy** - AT: "I ask you to be merciful to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# Out of the depths + +The author's sadness is spoken of as if it were a container. His sadness comes from the bottom of the container. Sadness is often spoken of as being a container that fills from the top to the bottom. AT: "Because I am very sad," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let your ears be attentive + +The ears represent Yahweh, but because the author knows that Yahweh hears everything, he is really asking for Yahweh to respond. AT: "please listen" or "please respond" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to my pleas for mercy + +The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as "merciful." AT: "to my pleas and be merciful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/130/003.md b/psa/130/003.md index 2dc8c536b9..d8015b1e47 100644 --- a/psa/130/003.md +++ b/psa/130/003.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# who could stand? -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:reverence]] +The speaker uses this question to express the futility of thinking that anyone could stand in this situation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "no one could stand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# who could stand -* **who could stand?** - AT: "you would say no one is innocent." or "you would say everyone is guilty." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"Stand" often represents escaping or surviving when someone attacks. In this case, it would be to escape from being being punished. AT: "no one could escape from your punishment" or "no one could survive your punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/130/005.md b/psa/130/005.md index a91d5d8f59..df53ad832f 100644 --- a/psa/130/005.md +++ b/psa/130/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# My soul -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"My soul" represents the psalmist. AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# My soul waits -* **my soul waits** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:062:001]] -* **watchmen** - men who guard towns and fields against robbers +The psalmist is spoken of as if he were waiting on something with expectation. AT: "I hope" or "I trust" or "I desire for something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My soul waits ... more than watchmen wait for the morning + +The psalmist speaks of his desire for the Lord to help him as being greater than the desire that those who work all night have for the morning to come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# watchmen + +These are men who guard towns or fields against enemies or robbers. Here it refers to men who have to stay awake at night doing this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/130/007.md b/psa/130/007.md index f92c4f8168..5aec3e866e 100644 --- a/psa/130/007.md +++ b/psa/130/007.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:redeem|redeem, redemption]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] - -## translationNotes +# Israel ... his sins +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a man. AT: "the people of Israel ... their" or "us people of Israel ... our" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/130/intro.md b/psa/130/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..17ddc8f2c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/130/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 130 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 130 is a psalm of praise that God forgives sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Forgive ##### +God forgives sin and helps the sinner. So Israel should trust in God for his forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 130:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../129/intro.md) | [>>](../131/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/131/001.md b/psa/131/001.md index 3a7e4f9846..d8cbf64bb9 100644 --- a/psa/131/001.md +++ b/psa/131/001.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:haughty]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]]. -* **my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty** - These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See" [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **I do not have great hopes for myself** - AT: "I do not expect to do great things" +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty + +The heart and the eyes represent the person. AT: "I am not proud or haughty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I do not have great hopes for myself + +Possible meanings are "I do not expect to do great things" or "I do not think I am great." + +# things that are beyond me + +Things that are too hard for a person to understand are spoken of as if they are beyond the person or too far away from the person to be able to reach them. AT: "things that are too hard to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/131/002.md b/psa/131/002.md index 2cdc9a993a..b7ea47de41 100644 --- a/psa/131/002.md +++ b/psa/131/002.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I have stilled and quieted my soul -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +The soul represents the person or his emotions. Being calm and peaceful is spoken of has having making one's soul still and quiet. AT: "I am calm and peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my soul within me -* **a weaned child with his mother** - The child is no longer demanding breast milk from his mother. Possible meanings are 1) "a child who no longer drinks milk but is happy with to be with his mother" (UDB) or 2) "a child who has finished drinking milk for a while and is resting with his mother." If your language has a word for child that does not specify male or female, you may use it here. +The soul represents the person or his emotions. AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a weaned child with his mother + +The psalmist speaks of himself being content and resting as if he were a young child that no longer demands breast milk from his mother. AT: "content like a young child that no longer cries for breast milk but rests in his mother's arms" or "content and resting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/131/intro.md b/psa/131/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4af3c5bf4a --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/131/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 131 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 131 is a wisdom psalm teaching trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +This psalm focuses on the concept of trust. A quiet trust in Yahweh is best. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 131:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../130/intro.md) | [>>](../132/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/001.md b/psa/132/001.md index 6d99f8807c..070c214cef 100644 --- a/psa/132/001.md +++ b/psa/132/001.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:vow]] -* [[en:tw:vow|vow]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - see how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]] -* **for David's sake call to mind** - AT: "help David by remembering" -* **call to mind** - see how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:020:003]] +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# for David's sake + +"because of what happened to David" + +# call to mind + +"remember" or "think about" + +# the Mighty One of Jacob + +This refers to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/003.md b/psa/132/003.md index 7d3e81ec64..bc5d40b298 100644 --- a/psa/132/003.md +++ b/psa/132/003.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He said -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:sleep|sleep, asleep, fall asleep]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle]] -* [[en:tw:tabernacle|tabernacle]] +"King David said" -## translationNotes +# I will not give sleep to my eyes or rest to my eyelids -* **He said** - AT: "King David said to God" +Sleep and rest are spoken of as if they are things that can be given. Here eyes and eyelids represent the whole person. AT: "I will not allow my eyes to sleep or my eyelids to rest" or "I will not sleep or close my eyes and rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# until I find a place for Yahweh + +Building a place for Yahweh is spoken of as finding a place for him. AT: "until I build a place for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Mighty One of Jacob + +This refers to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/006.md b/psa/132/006.md index 5369053b85..702a44f0ac 100644 --- a/psa/132/006.md +++ b/psa/132/006.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# we heard about it in Ephrathah -* [[en:tw:footstool]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The word "it" probably refers to where God's sacred chest was. The phrase "in Ephrathah" probably refers to where they were when they heard about it. This can be stated clearly. AT: "we who were in Ephrathah heard about where the sacred chest was" or "we in Ephrathah heard that the holy box was in Jaar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# fields of Jaar -* **we heard about it in Ephrathah** - AT: "those of us people of Israel who were in Ephrathah heard about the sacred chest" -* **fields of Jaar** - the fields where people's animals grazed near a town whose name means Forest (ULB) or City of Forests (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **we will worship at his footstool** - AT: "we will worship him as our king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **your resting place** - the sacred tent where they worship God (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Jaar is probably another name for the city of Kiriath Jearim. This probably refers to the fields surrounding the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# we will worship at his footstool + +Worshiping God at the covenant box is spoken of as bowing at the feet of the king who is sitting on his throne. This communicates humility and submission to God. AT: "we will go to God's covenant box and worship him as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Arise, Yahweh, to your resting place + +The verb "come" can be stated clearly. "Arise, Yahweh, and come to your resting place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your resting place + +The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. AT: "the place where you stay" or "your tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you and the ark of your strength! + +Possible meanings are 1) "come to the ark of your strength" or 2) "come, and make the ark of your strength come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the ark of your strength + +"the ark that shows your great power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/009.md b/psa/132/009.md index 32351560b1..bc28757f20 100644 --- a/psa/132/009.md +++ b/psa/132/009.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# May your priests be clothed with integrity -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:integrity]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Integrity is spoken of as if it were clothing. AT: "May people recognize that your priests have integrity" or "I want people see how your priests always do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# For your servant David's sake -* **May your priests be clothed with integrity** - "I want people to see how your priests always do what is right" -* **For ... David's sake** - see how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:132:001]] +"Because of what happened to your servant David." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 132:1](./001.md). + +# do not turn away from your anointed king + +Here "turning away" means to reject someone. AT: "do not abandon the king that you anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/011.md b/psa/132/011.md index cf14a699fe..a93463b0a2 100644 --- a/psa/132/011.md +++ b/psa/132/011.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will place one of your descendants on your throne -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +Making a king's descendant become king in his place is spoken of as placing him on that king's throne. AT "I will cause one of your descendants to rule Israel in your place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# sit on your throne -* **turn back from his oath** - AT: "not do what he promised to do" -* **set ... on your throne** - AT: "cause ... to rule Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **sit on your throne** - AT: "rule as king" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Ruling as king is spoken of as sitting on the throne. AT: "rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your sons + +Here "your sons" represents the descendants of David that would become king. AT: "your descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/013.md b/psa/132/013.md index 5befdc90b8..ba50d53d29 100644 --- a/psa/132/013.md +++ b/psa/132/013.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"He", "my" and "I" refer to Yahweh and "her" refers to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Zion ... her ... her -* **Zion ... her ... her** - The author as though Zion were a woman. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# he has desired her for his seat + +Here "seat" represents either 1) his throne where he would rule, or 2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has desired her for his seat + +"Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh's seat." This shows the actual participants. + +# my resting place + +The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. AT: "the place where I stay" or "my tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/015.md b/psa/132/015.md index 40c18a64db..e371112b71 100644 --- a/psa/132/015.md +++ b/psa/132/015.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] +God continues to speak about the city of Zion as if Zion was a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# will abundantly bless her -* **her ... her ... her ... her** - "Zion ... Zion's ... Zion's ... Zion's" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"will abundantly bless Zion" + +# will satisfy her poor with bread + +Here "poor" refers to the poor people in Zion and "bread" probably represents food in general. AT: "will satisfy the poor people in Zion with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will clothe her priests with salvation + +Salvation is spoken of as if it is clothing. Possible meanings are 1) "I will cause the priests to behave in a manner worthy of ones whom I have saved" or 2) "I will save her priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/017.md b/psa/132/017.md index d2839217dc..c29d5a3575 100644 --- a/psa/132/017.md +++ b/psa/132/017.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I will make a horn to sprout for David -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +God speaks of a powerful descendant of David as if he was the powerful horn of an animal. AT: "I will make a descendant of David become king after him" or "I will cause David to have a descendant who will be a powerful king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# set up a lamp for my anointed one -* **make the horn … to grow ** - An animal horn is meant here. This is a metaphor for power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my anointed one** - AT: "my king" -* **his crown will shine** - a reference to the glory of the king (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +God speaks of causing David's descendants to continue to rule as king as if they were a lamp that would continue to shine. AT: "I will cause my anointed one's descendants to continue to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my anointed one + +"my chosen king" or "the king I have chosen" + +# I will clothe his enemies with shame + +Shame is spoken of as if it was clothing. This shame would result from losing in war. AT: "I will cause his enemies to be ashamed" or "I will cause his enemies to be defeated and ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his crown will shine + +The crown represents his rule, and greatness is spoken of as shining. AT: "he will be a great king" or "his greatness will shine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/intro.md b/psa/132/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..076b3235fc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/132/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Psalm 132 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 132 is a royal psalm praising David. It might have been sung when David brought the ark to Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ark ##### +The Ark had been moved from one place to another several times. David wanted to make a permanent home for it. God had promised David that his son would be king after him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 132:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../131/intro.md) | [>>](../133/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/133/001.md b/psa/133/001.md index 13e67c4fec..a376041ddd 100644 --- a/psa/133/001.md +++ b/psa/133/001.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:good]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:120:001]]. -* **behold** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:027:004]]. -* **for brothers** - Here, brothers refers to fellow Israelites. +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# Behold + +This word is used to stress the importance of the statement that follows. + +# for brothers to live together + +The relationships among fellow God's people is spoken of as if they were brothers. AT: "for God's people to live together peacefully as brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/133/002.md b/psa/133/002.md index 1d2a42f0f9..9c791478b9 100644 --- a/psa/133/002.md +++ b/psa/133/002.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# It is like fine oil on the head -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:precious]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The goodness of unity among God's people is spoken of as if it were like the fine oil that was poured on Aaron's head. AT: "This unity is precious like the oil that was poured on Aaron's head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# like the dew of Hermon -* **It is** - AT: "the result of unity is" -* **precious oil** - AT: "a good-smelling fragrance" -* **like the precious oil on the head that flowed down the beard** - "with joy and seriousness" (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **like the dew of Hermon** - AT: "a refreshing" -* **Hermon** - This is a mountain in Israel that has snow on its peak year-round. +The goodness of unity among God's people is spoken of as it if it were refreshing like dew. AT: "refreshing like the dew of Hermon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Hermon + +This is a mountain in Israel that has snow on its peak year-round. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/133/intro.md b/psa/133/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d197a5a4b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/133/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 133 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 133 is a wisdom psalm about harmony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Harmony ##### +Harmony between relatives is refreshing and brings a blessings from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 133:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../132/intro.md) | [>>](../134/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/134/001.md b/psa/134/001.md index 0b66bc6d09..c313ff3cfe 100644 --- a/psa/134/001.md +++ b/psa/134/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy place]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# song of ascents -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A song of ascents** - See how you translated this in [[en/bible/notes/psa/120/001]]. -* **all you servants of Yahweh** - "you who serve the -* **you who serve during the night** - AT: "even those who serve at night" -* **lift up your hands** - This is how people prayed or praised. -* **to the holy place** - "to the temple" +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) + +# all you servants of Yahweh + +"all you who serve Yahweh" + +# Lift up your hands + +This is how people prayed or praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# to the holy place + +Possible meanings are 1) "to the temple" or 2) "to the holy place in the temple." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/134/003.md b/psa/134/003.md index e2f3b4294d..84baf13a7a 100644 --- a/psa/134/003.md +++ b/psa/134/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# heaven and earth -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] - -## translationNotes - -* **he who made** - AT: "He maked" +The phrase "heaven and earth" here represents all things. AT: "everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/134/intro.md b/psa/134/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..45c8a03723 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/134/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 134 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 134 is a temple psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Watchmen ##### +The watchmen who work at night should praise God. Then he will bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 134:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../133/intro.md) | [>>](../135/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/001.md b/psa/135/001.md index 3dddd08da4..be65eda67d 100644 --- a/psa/135/001.md +++ b/psa/135/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod|house of God, Yahweh's house]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Praise the name of Yahweh -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Praise the name of Yahweh** - Praise Yahweh (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **stand** - as a servant, ready to obey commands -* **Yahweh, God** - make sure that these refer to the same person +Yahweh's name represents him. "Praise Yahweh" or "Praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stand in Yahweh's house + +This represents serving Yahweh in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh ... our God + +Make sure that people can understand that the phrase "our God" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/003.md b/psa/135/003.md index d6991f65a7..4c409d7fed 100644 --- a/psa/135/003.md +++ b/psa/135/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for it is pleasant to do so -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:elect|chosen one, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] +"because we get pleasure from praising his name" -## translationNotes +# Yahweh has chosen Jacob -* **for it is pleasant to do so** - AT: "because we get pleasure from doing so" or "because his name gives us pleasure." +"Jacob" here refers to his descendants, the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh has chosen Jacob's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Israel as his possession + +The beginning of the sentence can be stated clearly. AT: "he has chosen Israel to be his possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/005.md b/psa/135/005.md index 9b20aec28b..21ba6daeb9 100644 --- a/psa/135/005.md +++ b/psa/135/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] - -## translationNotes +# that our Lord is above all gods +"I know that our Lord is above all gods." Being greater than something is spoken of as being above it. AT: "that our Lord is greater than all gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/007.md b/psa/135/007.md index fc5a98faa6..77fe198e75 100644 --- a/psa/135/007.md +++ b/psa/135/007.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - - -## translationNotes +# bringing the wind out of his storehouse +A storehouse is a place where things are kept for future use. This imagery shows God's power to control the wind. AT: "causing the wind to blow by his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/008.md b/psa/135/008.md index a5240d5c76..28bf30ec6a 100644 --- a/psa/135/008.md +++ b/psa/135/008.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# signs and wonders -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +These two words mean basically the same thing and refer to the miraculous troubles that God had caused in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# into your midst, Egypt -* **signs and wonders** - actions intended to produce a response of repentance or worship of God (see: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **into your midst, Egypt** - AT: "among your people, Egypt" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **against Pharaoh** - AT: "to punish Pharaoh" +The psalmist speaks as if the people of Egypt were listening to him. AT: "among you people of Egypt" or "among the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# against Pharaoh + +"to punish Pharaoh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/010.md b/psa/135/010.md index c9376ecf88..62d940e8df 100644 --- a/psa/135/010.md +++ b/psa/135/010.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Sihon ... Og -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] - -## translationNotes - -* **He attacked many nations and killed mighty kings** - AT: "He conquered many nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Sihon ... Og** - names of men (See: [[:en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames]]) +These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/012.md b/psa/135/012.md index a3f5644745..8c064e0285 100644 --- a/psa/135/012.md +++ b/psa/135/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# He gave us their land as an inheritance -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:compassion|compassion, compassionate]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:renown]] +God's gift of the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if it were inheritance from father to son. AT: "He gave us their land to have forever" or "He gave us their land to be ours forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Your name -* **he gave their land as a heritage** - AT: "for Israel to pass on to following generations" -* **Your name** - "your fame" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Your name, Yahweh, endures forever, your renown, Yahweh, endures throughout all generations** - (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +His name here represents his fame or reputation. AT: "Your fame" or "Your reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/015.md b/psa/135/015.md index fb676ee662..fec0ca2e2c 100644 --- a/psa/135/015.md +++ b/psa/135/015.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Those who make them are like them -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Being ignorant and powerless is spoken of as being like idols, which cannot speak, see, hear, or breathe. AT: "Those who make them are stupid and powerless like their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# as is everyone who trusts in them -* **The nations' idols are silver and gold, the work of men’s hands** - The people who do not obey God make statues to worship out of gold or silver. -* **those idols have mouths, but they do not speak** - while the physical representation of their idols have a mouth, the figure is unable to use that mouth because the false god they represent do not have any power -* **are like them** - AT: "are completely useless" or "are completely powerless" (see:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"and so are those who trust in the idols" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/019.md b/psa/135/019.md index c95d6b54f6..51ed6843ed 100644 --- a/psa/135/019.md +++ b/psa/135/019.md @@ -1,22 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:aaron]] -* [[en:tw:aaron|Aaron]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] - -## translationNotes +# he who lives in Jerusalem +God is spoken of as if he lived in Jerusalem because the temple where the Israelites worshiped him was there. AT: "he whose temple is in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/intro.md b/psa/135/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fd4e6eae2b --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/135/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 135 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 135 is a worship psalm focusing on worshiping God because his greatness. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Praise ##### +The people, priests and their helpers should praise God because he is so great. He defeated the Egyptians and led his people to the promise land. Idols have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 135:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../134/intro.md) | [>>](../136/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/001.md b/psa/136/001.md index 334aca5f5b..569462a634 100644 --- a/psa/136/001.md +++ b/psa/136/001.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Oh -* **Oh ** - see how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:005:007]] -* **the God of gods** - the God who is greater than the gods that other people worship (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the God of gods + +the God who is greater than the gods that other people worship (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/004.md b/psa/136/004.md index f9c9b528ff..7a25a489f9 100644 --- a/psa/136/004.md +++ b/psa/136/004.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# by wisdom +That is, because he is wise. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/006.md b/psa/136/006.md index 503b344c7e..e77b774fa2 100644 --- a/psa/136/006.md +++ b/psa/136/006.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# spread out the earth above the waters -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The ancient Israelites thought that the earth's dry land was on top of the sea. AT: "placed the earth over the waters" -## translationNotes +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* **spread out the earth above the waters ** - AT: "placed the earth over the waters" -* **great lights** - AT: "the sun and the moon and the stars" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# great lights + +This is a reference to the sources of light for the earth, especially the sun and the moon. AT: "the sun and the moon and the stars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/008.md b/psa/136/008.md index 8c3eba9f4c..d9da173b5d 100644 --- a/psa/136/008.md +++ b/psa/136/008.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to rule by day ... to rule by night +The sun, moon, and stars are spoken of as if they were kings. AT: "to mark the time of day ... to mark the time of night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* **to rule by** - AT: "to shine through the" (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/010.md b/psa/136/010.md index 66c7385c58..19f250693d 100644 --- a/psa/136/010.md +++ b/psa/136/010.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# from among them -* **from among them** - AT: "from among the people of Egypt" -* **with a strong hand and a raised arm** - AT: "with great power" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"from among the people of Egypt" + +# with a strong hand and a raised arm + +Here "hand" and "arm" represent power. AT: "with great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/013.md b/psa/136/013.md index a70d1abec4..317e772000 100644 --- a/psa/136/013.md +++ b/psa/136/013.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the Sea of Reeds -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh|Pharaoh, king of Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:redsea]] -* [[en:tw:redsea|Red Sea, Sea of Reeds]] +The soldiers of Pharaoh drowned in the Sea of Reeds. -## translationNotes +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* **overthrew Pharaoh** - AT: "defeated Pharaoh" or "defeated the king of Egypt" -* **in the Red Sea** - The army of Pharaoh was defeated when it drowned in the Red Sea. +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# overthrew Pharaoh + +Here defeat is spoken of as if it were tipping someone over. AT: "defeated Pharaoh" or "defeated the king of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pharaoh + +That is, the army of Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/016.md b/psa/136/016.md index 2e31f8111b..235ecc1cec 100644 --- a/psa/136/016.md +++ b/psa/136/016.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] - -## translationNotes +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/018.md b/psa/136/018.md index 5c436e5a5a..2c2a9a827f 100644 --- a/psa/136/018.md +++ b/psa/136/018.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* [[en:tw:amorite]] -* [[en:tw:amorite|Amorite]] -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:bashan|Bashan]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# Sihon ... Og -* **Sihon...Og** - see how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:135:010]] +These kings were just two of the many kings that God enabled the Israelites to defeat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/021.md b/psa/136/021.md index 401a7f1d70..f31d6b3364 100644 --- a/psa/136/021.md +++ b/psa/136/021.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:mind|mind]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# called us to mind -* **called us to mind** - see how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:020:003]] -* **helped us in our humiliation** - AT: "cared when we were shamed." +"thought about us" + +# helped us in our humiliation + +The condition of feeling shame is spoken of as if it were a place that the Israelites had been in. This is a reference to the many times when the Israelites' enemies had defeated them in battle and shamed them. AT: "cared when we were shamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/024.md b/psa/136/024.md index fc896687ec..7724389094 100644 --- a/psa/136/024.md +++ b/psa/136/024.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# has given us victory over our enemies -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +Causing people to be victorious and defeat their enemies is spoken of as giving them victory, as if victory were an object that can be given. AT: "has made us victorious over our enemies" or "has made us able to defeat our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -* **has given us victory over** - AT: "has made us able to defeat" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the God of heaven + +"the God who lives in heaven" or "the God whom the heavenly beings worship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/intro.md b/psa/136/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2916e53b4c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/136/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 136 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 136 is a worship psalm. It was written to be sung by two parts of the choir. One part would sing the first part of each of the lines and then the other part of the choir would sing the repeated refrain. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel blessed ##### +God has blessed Israel throughout its history and taken care of the needy people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 136:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../135/intro.md) | [>>](../137/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/001.md b/psa/137/001.md index 05127b09c1..3b3c291aa0 100644 --- a/psa/137/001.md +++ b/psa/137/001.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# By the rivers of Babylon -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **by the rivers** - AT: "Next to one of the rivers near Babylon" -* **we sat ... we thought ... we hung** - The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **On the poplars there** - "Poplars" do not grow in "Zion." "On the trees in Babylon" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"Next to one of the rivers near Babylon" + +# we sat ... wept ... we thought ... we hung + +The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# On the poplars there + +Poplar trees do not grow in Israel. "Poplars" may here stand for all the trees in Babylon. AT: "On the trees in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/003.md b/psa/137/003.md index fde4ffb65c..d552d554c2 100644 --- a/psa/137/003.md +++ b/psa/137/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# our captors required songs from us -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:mock|mock, ridicule]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"our captors required us to sing" -## translationNotes +# required us to be happy +"made us pretend to be happy" + +# one of the songs of Zion + +This probably refers to songs that the Israelites had used in worship at the temple in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/005.md b/psa/137/005.md index 00fd7637d0..08346c883c 100644 --- a/psa/137/005.md +++ b/psa/137/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If I ignore the memory of you, Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|tongue]] +The writer speaks as if Jerusalem is listening to him. AT: "If I act as if I did not remember you, Jerusalem" or "If I try to forget you, Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# right hand -* **If I ignore the memory of you, Jerusalem** - The writer speaks as if Jerusalem is listening to him. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **right hand** - the hand most people use most often +the hand most people use most often \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/007.md b/psa/137/007.md index 3b8532a0a4..4c61a3d184 100644 --- a/psa/137/007.md +++ b/psa/137/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Call to mind -* [[en:tw:edom]] -* [[en:tw:edom|Edom, Edomite, Idumea, Seir, Teman]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:foundation|foundation, founded]] +"Remember" or "Think about" -## translationNotes +# Call to mind, Yahweh, what the Edomites did -* **call to mind** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:020:003]]. -* **the day Jerusalem fell** - AT: "the day the Babylonian army entered Jerusalem" +Here remembering what the Edomites did represents punishing them for what they did. AT: "Punish the Edomites, Yahweh, for what they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the day Jerusalem fell + +Jerusalem being captured by an enemy army is spoken of as if it had fallen. Who captured Jerusalem can be stated clearly. AT: "the day Jerusalem was captured" or "the day the Babylonian army entered Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/008.md b/psa/137/008.md index 28cc710da3..ab86178afb 100644 --- a/psa/137/008.md +++ b/psa/137/008.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] +The psalmist addresses the people of Babylon as if they were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# Daughter of Babylon -* **May the person be blessed, whoever pays you back** - AT: "may God bless the one who pays you back" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **pays you back for what you have done to us** - "does to you what you did to us" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **May the person be blessed** - AT: "God will certainly bless him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **dashes your little ones against the rock** - "smashes your babies' heads against rocks" +This represents the city of Babylon and its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# may the person be blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God bless the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# pays you back for what you have done to us + +The writer speaks of someone doing to others what they have done as if were payment. AT: "does to you what you did to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dashes your little ones against a rock + +"smashes your babies' heads against rocks" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/intro.md b/psa/137/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d372da1ae7 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/137/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 137 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 137 is a psalm of mourning and vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Songs of Zion ##### +The captives are told to sing songs of Zion there in Babylon but they felt too unhappy to want to sing. The army from Babylon was cruel when it destroyed Jerusalem and the people of Edom encouraged them to destroy Jerusalem. They prayed that God will be cruel to the people of Edom and Babylon. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 137:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../136/intro.md) | [>>](../138/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/138/001.md b/psa/138/001.md index 06c47ffc47..1c0d8c933e 100644 --- a/psa/138/001.md +++ b/psa/138/001.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:bow|bow, bow down]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod|false god, god, goddess]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:magnify]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **my whole heart** - AT: "completely" -* **I will bow down** - AT: "I will worship you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_symaction]]) -* **give thanks to your name** - AT: "give thanks to you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# I will give you thanks with my whole heart + +The heart here represents the emotions. Doing something sincerely or completely is spoken of as doing it with all one's heart. AT: "I will sincerely thank you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before the gods + +Possible meanings are 1) "in spite of the false idols that exist" or 2) "before the heavenly assembly," which means "in the knowledge of the angels in heaven." + +# I will bow down + +Bowing down is a symbolic action that represents worship and giving honor. AT: "I will worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# give thanks to your name + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "give thanks to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your word + +"what you have said" or "your commands and promises" + +# your name + +Possible meanings are 1) "yourself" or 2) "your fame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/138/003.md b/psa/138/003.md index 48b052a4f5..d49181dde7 100644 --- a/psa/138/003.md +++ b/psa/138/003.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# your mouth -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:encourage]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] - -## translationNotes - -* **all the kings of the earth** - AT: "all the leaders of the world" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **your mouth** - AT: "that you say" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This expression stands for God himself. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/138/005.md b/psa/138/005.md index 48bd797c47..5ed8653197 100644 --- a/psa/138/005.md +++ b/psa/138/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh is high, yet he cares for the lowly -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Yahweh is above all creation in power, position, and authority. Yet his interest is in those who are humble in spirit, servants to all. This is a simple contrast. -## translationNotes +# the proud he knows from far off -* **Indeed** - This is used to emphasize what was just said. -* **Yahweh is high, yet he cares for the lowly** - AT: "Yahweh is the great, he cares for those without anything" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +This expression probably means that God is not faithful to those who are proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/138/007.md b/psa/138/007.md index 5e2f7a3b3f..8be71c10c7 100644 --- a/psa/138/007.md +++ b/psa/138/007.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# walk -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken|forsake, forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +live, exist -## translationNotes +# in the middle of danger -* **middle of danger** - AT: "surrounded by danger" -* **you will reach out with your hand** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **anger of my enemies** - AT: "my enemies, who are angry" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **your hands made** - AT: "you created" +Being in danger is spoken of as being in a physical place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will reach out with your hand against the anger of my enemies + +God is spoken of as if he will strike the enemies with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# anger of my enemies + +The abstract noun "anger" can be stated as "angry." AT: "my enemies, who are angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "you, Yahweh, remain faithful to your covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the ones whom your hands have made + +This expression probably refers to the nation of Israel. + +# your hands have made + +God is spoken of as if he had physically used hands to create. AT: "you have created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/138/intro.md b/psa/138/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..22f503503d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/138/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 138 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Answered prayers ##### +God answers prayers and he protects the psalmist from his enemies. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 138:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../137/intro.md) | [>>](../139/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/001.md b/psa/139/001.md index 0cfbf4321a..4e3a6f05f5 100644 --- a/psa/139/001.md +++ b/psa/139/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **examined** - AT: "searched" or "tested" -* **know when I sit down and when I get up** - AT: "know everything about me" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# examined + +"tested" + +# when I sit down and when I get up + +The psalmist uses these two actions to represent everything he does. AT: "everything I do" or "everything about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/003.md b/psa/139/003.md index 85060777f9..985bda6c09 100644 --- a/psa/139/003.md +++ b/psa/139/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my path and my lying down -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +Here "path" stands for one's behavior. "My path and my lying down" together represent everything about the psalmist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# before there is a word on my tongue -* **observe my path** - AT: "know my every thing I do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and when I lie down** - AT: "and all my actions" -* **there is not a word I speak that you do not know completely** - AT: "you know everything that I say" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **rest you hand upon me** - AT: "you protect and comfort me" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **too much for me** - AT: "too much for me to understand" -* **it is too high** - AT: "it is difficult to understand" (See:[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "word on the tongue" represents speech. AT: "before I say anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Behind me and before me you surround me + +This expression refers to God's presence everywhere. + +# place your hand upon me + +This expression refers to guidance and help. AT: "you guide and help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# too much for me + +"too much for me to understand" + +# it is too high, and I cannot reach it + +Being high and out of reach is an expression, in this case, about some knowledge that human beings cannot have. AT: "it is too difficult to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/007.md b/psa/139/007.md index 93b14aa09a..2a9c5b2533 100644 --- a/psa/139/007.md +++ b/psa/139/007.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Where can I go from your Spirit? ... Where can I flee from your presence? -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hades|hades, sheol]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] +These two questions are in parallel. The psalmist says that he cannot go away from God's presence. AT: "I cannot escape from your Spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# if I make my bed in Sheol -* **Where can I go to escape from your Spirit?** - AT: "I cannot escape from your Spirit." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Where can I flee from your presence?** - AT: "I cannot flee from your presence." -* **if I make my bed in sheol,** - AT "Even if I stay among the dead people." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Making one's bed" refers to staying somewhere. AT: "even if I stay in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/009.md b/psa/139/009.md index 4641522c5a..8095ee270c 100644 --- a/psa/139/009.md +++ b/psa/139/009.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# If I fly away on the wings of the morning and go to live in the uttermost parts across the sea -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] +The author uses exaggeration to explain that wherever he is, God is there too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## translationNotes +# If I fly away on the wings of the morning -* **If I fly away on the wings of the morning and go to live in the uttermost parts across the sea** - The author is explaining that wherever he is, God is there too. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **If I fly away on the wings of the morning** - AT: "If the sun could carry me with itself across the sky" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in the uttermost parts across the sea** - AT: "very far away to the west" -* **will hold onto me** - AT: "will guide me" +In the ancient near east, the sun was often imagined as if it had wings which enabled it to fly across the sky. AT: "If the sun could carry me with itself across the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the uttermost parts across the sea + +"very far away to the west" + +# will hold on to me + +"will help me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/011.md b/psa/139/011.md index 205bc2f9a3..86b5b371ef 100644 --- a/psa/139/011.md +++ b/psa/139/011.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# If I said, "Surely the darkness will cover me -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:light|light]] +The psalmist speaks of the night as if it were a blanket that could conceal him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The night would shine like the day -* **If I say, "Surely the darkness will hide me, and the night will be my light"** - AT: The darkness could not hide me, and neither could the night" -* **The night shines like the day** - AT: "The day and night are the same to God" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **for the darkness and the light are both alike ** - AT: "because God's knowledge does depend on circumstances" +The night, which is dark, is spoken of as if it were bright with light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/013.md b/psa/139/013.md index 29c511f873..7135264d9f 100644 --- a/psa/139/013.md +++ b/psa/139/013.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# You formed my inner parts -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:awe|awe, awesome]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:womb]] -* [[en:tw:womb|womb]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"Inner parts" refers to the interior organs of a person, but here the expression probably stands for the entire body. AT: "You made my entire body (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# My soul knows this very well -* **formed me** - AT: "made me" or "created me" -* **You formed my inner being; you formed me in my mother’s womb.** - AT: "You made all of me before I was born. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **awesome and wonderful** - (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Here "soul" probably refers to the psalmist's innermost ability to be certain about God's love and guidance. The translator may, however, treat "soul" here as metonymy for the psalmist's mind and heart. AT: "I know this with all my heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/015.md b/psa/139/015.md index 09784eeb0b..d8f37ce13f 100644 --- a/psa/139/015.md +++ b/psa/139/015.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# intricately made -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:body|body]] -* [[en:tw:ordain]] -* [[en:tw:ordain|ordain]] +"made with great complexity" -## translationNotes +# the depths of the earth -* **intricately made** - AT: "made with great complexity" -* **the depths of the earth** - likely a reference to the mother's womb (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **all the days ordained for me were recorded in your book before the first one happened** - AT: "the number of days of my life were known before I was born." +This is probably a way of speaking about a mother's womb (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the days assigned to me were recorded in your book even before the first one happened + +This expression implies that ancient Israelites imagined that God wrote down his plans in a book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/017.md b/psa/139/017.md index a5fcf5b250..7d3918b10c 100644 --- a/psa/139/017.md +++ b/psa/139/017.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# precious -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] +"important" or "valued" -## translationNotes +# How vast is their sum! -* **precious** - AT: "important" or "valued" -* **How vast is their sum!** - AT: "Your thoughts are great in number!" -* **they would be more in number than the sand** - they are uncountable (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"Your thoughts are so many." + +# they would be more in number than the sand + +This hyperbole means that the writer would be unable to count God's thoughts. AT: "there would be more than I could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/019.md b/psa/139/019.md index b9d5eaf86c..5512b302a2 100644 --- a/psa/139/019.md +++ b/psa/139/019.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# get away from me, you violent men -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:rebel|rebel, rebellious]] +The psalmist is only pretending to speak directly to the violent men whom he has in mind. Translators may decide to express this command as a wish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# They rebel against you -* **they rebel against you** - AT: "they rebel against your authority, God" -* **your enemies lie** - AT: "your enemies lie about you" +"They rebel against your authority, God" + +# your enemies tell lies + +"your enemies lie about you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/021.md b/psa/139/021.md index 2811c350f2..2b833dc576 100644 --- a/psa/139/021.md +++ b/psa/139/021.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Do I not hate those, Yahweh, who hate you? Do I not despise those who rise up against you? +These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Both of these questions actually make statements. AT: "Yahweh, I hate those who hate you! I despise those who rise up against you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# rise up against -* **Do I not hate those, Yahweh, who hate you?** - AT: "I hate those who hate you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do I not hate those, Yahweh, who hate you? Do I not despise those who rise up against you?** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **raise up** - (See: [[en:obe:kt:raise]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +rebel against \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/023.md b/psa/139/023.md index 19bebb2bb3..f71fc600e7 100644 --- a/psa/139/023.md +++ b/psa/139/023.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Examine me -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:eternity|everlasting, eternal, eternity]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:test|test]] +This is a request for God to tell the psalmist about any sinful thoughts that he may have. AT: "Please search me" or "I beg you to search me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Examine me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my thoughts -* **Examine me ** - This is a request. AT: "Please search me" or "I beg you to search me" -* **Examine me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my thoughts.** - These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the way everlasting** - AT: "God's way" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# any wicked way + +Here "way" stands for behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the everlasting way + +Here "way" refers to trust and obedience in God. Anyone who "walks" this way will have everlasting life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/intro.md b/psa/139/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..01289e8e40 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/139/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 139 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 139 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's care ##### +God created the psalmist in his mother's womb and has taken care of him all of his life. No matter where he goes, God is always with him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 139:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../138/intro.md) | [>>](../140/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/001.md b/psa/140/001.md index b867c42cc0..fec88598e9 100644 --- a/psa/140/001.md +++ b/psa/140/001.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:serpent|serpent, snake]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|tongue]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# For the chief musician -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **For the chief musician** - This is for the director of music to use in worship." -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **rescue me** - AT: "Please save me" or "I beg you to save me" -* **preserve me** - AT: "Please keep me safe" or "I beg you to keep me safe" -* **vipers' poison** - poison with which snakes kill animals by biting them +This is for the director of music to use in worship." + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# they cause battles + +Here "battles" probably refers to conflict of any kind, including quarrels. + +# Their tongues wound like serpents + +People who cause conflict by what they say are spoken of as if they had tongues of serpents. Of course, snakes do not do damage with their tongues, but with their bites and especially with poison. Neither can a person make his tongue sharp. Instead, here the idea of a sharp tongue stands for speaking in a way to cause trouble. And the idea the snakes have sharp tongues stands for the fact that many of them have poison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/004.md b/psa/140/004.md index 2f6f5ac79e..61067bf1ee 100644 --- a/psa/140/004.md +++ b/psa/140/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the hands of the wicked -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:proud|proud, pride, prideful]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] +That is, the power of the wicked (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# set a trap ... spread a net ... set a snare -* **set a trap ... spread a net ... set a snare** - The exact kinds of traps are less important than the idea that the "wicked ... violent men" are planning to trap the writer. If your readers do not know much about trapping, you may need to reduce this down to one line, as the UDB reduces two lines of ULB to one in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:140:001]]. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **trap** - This is a trap designed to catch birds. -* **net** - trap made of ropes -* **snare** - trap that attracts the victim +The exact kinds of traps are less important than the idea that the "wicked ... violent men" are planning to make trouble for the psalmist. If your readers do not know much about trapping, you may need to reduce this down to one line, as the UDB reduces two lines of ULB to one in [Psalms 140:3](./001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/006.md b/psa/140/006.md index c4ca6c9c63..99416bc651 100644 --- a/psa/140/006.md +++ b/psa/140/006.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# listen to my cries -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] +This is a call for help. AT: "listen to me as I call to you now for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# you shield my head in the day of battle -* **listen to my cries** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:005:001]] -* **you shield my head in the day of battle** - AT: "you protect me when I go to war" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **do not grant the desires of the wicked** - "please do not allow wicked people to have what they desire" +A person's head is in great danger during battle. Protecting the person's head represents protecting the whole person. AT: "you protect me when I go to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# battle + +Here "battle" probably stands for any kind of severe trouble (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not grant the desires of the wicked + +"please do not allow the wicked to have what they desire" + +# the wicked + +The adjective "wicked" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/009.md b/psa/140/009.md index 72d425001a..9636aa583f 100644 --- a/psa/140/009.md +++ b/psa/140/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# raise their heads -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:raise|raise, rise, risen]] +This is a sign of being arrogant. AT: "are arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# let the mischief of their own lips cover them -* **raise their head** - AT: "are proud" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **secure** - "safe" or "free from worry" -* **may evil hunt down** - AT: "I would like evil people to never stop hunting" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +This is a prayer that God would make the evildoers suffer from the trouble that they caused by the things they said. + +# the mischief of their own lips + +The trouble that they themselves caused by what they said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cover them + +That is, stop them from causing any more trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let burning coals fall on them; throw them into the fire + +Images of fire stand for severe punishment for the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bottomless pits + +This is probably a reference to Sheol, the world of the dead. + +# men of tongues + +those who speak evil of others without cause (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# secure on the earth + +"safe in this life" + +# may evil hunt down the violent man + +Here evil is spoken of as if it were someone taking revenge on another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/012.md b/psa/140/012.md index 50f38e8049..767bef04d5 100644 --- a/psa/140/012.md +++ b/psa/140/012.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# he will give justice to the needy -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:justice|just, justice, justly]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] +The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as "just." AT: "He will act in a just manner to help the needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# to your name -* **exercise justice for the needy** - AT: "make sure that people treat the needy justly" -* **upright people** - "people who do what pleases God" +This represents Yahweh. AT: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/intro.md b/psa/140/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f2c5819b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/140/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 140 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 140 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +He prayed that God would save him from his enemies who are lying about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 140:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../139/intro.md) | [>>](../141/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/141/001.md b/psa/141/001.md index d389384c9b..67ae276987 100644 --- a/psa/141/001.md +++ b/psa/141/001.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:incense|incense]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **Listen to me when I call** - AT: "Please hear me when I call" or "I beg you to hear me when I call" -* **crying out** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:022:001]] -* **lifted hands** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:134:001]] +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). + +# crying out + +"asking you for help" + +# come quickly to me + +The psalmist speaks as if Yahweh were a person who needed to come from another place to help him. What the psalmist wanted Yahweh to do can be stated clearly. AT: "come quickly to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Listen to me when I call + +"Please hear me when I call" or "I beg you to hear me when I call" + +# May my prayer be like incense + +The psalmist asks Yahweh to accept and be pleased with his prayer the way he would accept and be pleased with incense. AT: "May the my prayer please you the way the sweet smell of incense pleases people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my prayer + +The psalmist wants Yahweh to be pleased with him because he is praying and because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my lifted hands + +"the hands that I have lifted up." Lifted hands are a metonym for prayer. People lifted their hands when they prayed or praised Yahweh. See how you translated "lift up your hands" in [Psalms 134:2](../134/001.md). + +# be like the evening sacrifice + +The means to be like the animal that was burned on the altar in the evening. The psalmist speaks as if he wants Yahweh to be as pleased with him as he is with those who bring animals to sacrifice. He wants Yahweh to be pleased because the psalmist is praying or because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/141/003.md b/psa/141/003.md index 6aa843d5e8..2cc3bc990e 100644 --- a/psa/141/003.md +++ b/psa/141/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# place a guard over my mouth -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] +The psalmist speaks as if evil words were prisoners trying to escape from his mouth. AT: "please help me not to say things that are evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# place a guard over -* **place a guard over my mouth** - "please help me not to say thing that are evil" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **place a guard** - "tell someone to guard" -* **guard the door of my lips** - "please help me not to say things when I should not" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **delicacies** - "special foods" +"tell someone to guard" + +# guard the door of my lips + +The psalmist speaks as if evil words were prisoners trying to escape from his mouth. AT: "please help me not to say things when I should not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# participate in sinful activities + +"do sinful deeds" + +# delicacies + +"special foods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/141/005.md b/psa/141/005.md index 797ccba35f..8d79d4300b 100644 --- a/psa/141/005.md +++ b/psa/141/005.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# hit me -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hades|hades, sheol]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:plow]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +The psalmist speaks as if giving a rebuke were physically hitting someone. AT: "rebuke me" or "hit me so I will listen when he corrects me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# it will be a kindness to me -* **hit me** - AT: "rebuke me" or "correct me" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **may my head not refuse to accept it** - AT: "may I accept it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]]) -* **Their leaders will be thrown down** - Possible meanings are 1) "Someone will throw their leaders down" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and UDB) or 2) "Their leaders will throw them down." -* **cliffs** - ground that goes straight down a long way -* **our bones have been scattered** - Possible meanings are 1) "people have thrown our bones around in different directions" or 2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) "our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder" +The abstract noun "kindness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "he will be acting kindly to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# it will be like oil on my head + +Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head 1) to honor him. AT: "when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me" or 2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may my head not refuse to accept it + +The head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "may I accept it gladly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# my prayer is always against their wicked deeds + +The words "wicked deeds" are a metonym for the people who do the wicked deeds. AT: "I always pray that Yahweh will stop wicked people from doing evil deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their leaders will be thrown down + +Possible meanings are 1) "Someone will throw their leaders down" or 2) "Their leaders will throw them down." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cliffs + +ground that goes straight down a long way + +# our bones have been scattered + +Possible meanings are 1) "people have thrown our bones around in different directions" or 2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) "our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/141/008.md b/psa/141/008.md index a33dcb27e2..9eb02bbaa3 100644 --- a/psa/141/008.md +++ b/psa/141/008.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# my eyes are on you -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I am looking to see what you will do" or "I expect you to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# in you I take refuge -* **my eyes are on you** - "I look to you" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **take refuge** - AT: "find protection" or "find shelter" +"I am asking you to protect me" See how "take refuge" is translated in [Psalms 118:9](../118/008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my soul + +The soul is a metonym for the whole person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the snares that they have laid for me + +The psalmist speaks of deceiving a good man so the good man will sin or so that the evil people can defeat him as if it were laying a trap for an animal. The word "snares" is a metonym for the people themselves. AT: "people who are looking for ways to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# snares ... traps + +Bible experts disagree on the exact meanings of these words. It would be best either to translate one of them with the word for a net or cage that contains the prey and the other as a rope or vine that catches the prey by the leg or neck or to translate both with the general word for "traps." See how these words are translated in [Psalms 140:5](../140/004.md). + +# from the traps of evildoers + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "and protect me from the traps that those who do evil have set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Let the wicked fall into their own nets + +The psalmist speaks of evil people deceiving good people as if hunters were trapping animals. AT: "Let the wicked fall into the net traps they have made to trap other people" or "Let the bad things the wicked planned for the righteous happen to the wicked instead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/141/intro.md b/psa/141/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a24ddffd43 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/141/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 141 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 141 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies and from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's correction ##### +The author prayed that God would keep him from sinning. He is glad to be corrected by good people. He asked God to show that he is right by destroying the evil leaders of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 141:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../140/intro.md) | [>>](../142/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/142/001.md b/psa/142/001.md index 09813b92b2..fdd0b19721 100644 --- a/psa/142/001.md +++ b/psa/142/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament, lamentation]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A maschil -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A maschil** - This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:032:001]]. -* **cave** - open place under the earth large enough for people to walk around in -* **with my voice** - "using my voice" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **tell him my troubles** - AT: "pray about my troubles" or "ask him for help with my troubles" +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# cave + +open place under the earth large enough for people to walk around in + +# I cry out for help to Yahweh ... I plead for Yahweh's favor + +If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with my voice + +"using my voice" - + +# pour out my lament before him ... I tell him my troubles + +If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# pour out my lament before him + +The psalmist speaks of telling Yahweh why he is sad as if he were pouring all of a liquid out of a container. AT: "I tell him all about why I am sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tell him my troubles + +"tell him about everything that makes me worry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/142/003.md b/psa/142/003.md index 632bc0f625..ba98f00a26 100644 --- a/psa/142/003.md +++ b/psa/142/003.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# my spirit is weak within me -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +"I am weak" or "I am extremely discouraged" -## translationNotes +# you know my path -* **you know my path** - "You know the path I should take" -* **There is no escape for me** - "I have nowhere to go for refuge" -* **called out to you** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:005:001]]. -* **in the land of the living** - AT: "while I am living" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"you know the path I should take." The psalmist speaks as if what a person does were a path that that person walked along. AT: "you know the way I should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In the way that I walk they have hidden a trap for me + +The psalmist speaks of people wanting to harm him as if they were trying to trap an animal. AT: "They are making plans so that whatever I do they can harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my life + +This is a metonym for "me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# called out to you + +This is a call for help. AT: "called to you now for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my portion + +Possible meanings are 1) "all I want" or 2) "all I need" or 3) "all I have." + +# in the land of the living + +This idiom refers to a person being alive, as opposed to a person who is dead and in the place of the dead. AT: "while I am living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/142/006.md b/psa/142/006.md index 844d31470c..4accb9ae70 100644 --- a/psa/142/006.md +++ b/psa/142/006.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen to my call -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:persecute|persecute, persecution]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] +This is a call for help. See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:1](../005/001.md). AT: "Listen to me as I call to you now for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I have been brought very low -* **Listen to my call ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:005:001]] -* **Bring my soul out of prison ** - This is a request. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "I am very needy" and 2) "I am very weak." See how "we are very low" is translated in [Psalms 78:8](../078/007.md). + +# Bring my soul out of prison + +This is a request. The "soul" represents the whole person. AT: "bring me out of prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# give thanks to your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person. See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:11](../005/011.md). AT: "give thanks to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/142/intro.md b/psa/142/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e80c061b61 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/142/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 142 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 142 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +The psalmist is alone, and has many enemies surrounding him. Despite this, Yahweh will help him. Then, good people will join the author. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 142:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../141/intro.md) | [>>](../143/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/001.md b/psa/143/001.md index 04c6854a00..bd2defe830 100644 --- a/psa/143/001.md +++ b/psa/143/001.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **answer me** - AT: "please do what I ask you to do" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Do not enter into judgment** - AT: "Please do not judge" or "I beg you not to judge" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in your sight no one is righteous** - AT: "you do not think anyone is righteous" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Hear my prayer + +The words "my prayer" are a metonym for the person who is praying. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 39:12](../039/012.md). AT: "Listen to me as I pray to you" or "Be willing to do what I ask you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not enter into judgment + +To "enter into judgment" is an idiom that means to pronounce judgment. AT: "Please do not judge" or "I beg you not to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your servant + +The psalmist speaks of himself as if he were speaking of another person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# in your sight no one is righteous + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment no one is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/003.md b/psa/143/003.md index 7df889fbdc..60ee420a74 100644 --- a/psa/143/003.md +++ b/psa/143/003.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# pursued my soul -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:darkness|darkness]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] +Here the word "soul" represents the person. AT: "pursued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# has pushed me down to the ground -* **pursued my soul** - AT: "chased me to try to catch me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **my heart despairs** - AT: "I no longer have any hope" +"has completely defeated me" + +# My spirit is overwhelmed within me + +"I am weak" or "I am extremely discouraged" + +# my heart despairs + +"I no longer have any hope" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/005.md b/psa/143/005.md index 8e592e8949..ceed28c9b0 100644 --- a/psa/143/005.md +++ b/psa/143/005.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# call to mind -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:meditate|meditate]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:pray|pray, prayer]] -* [[en:tw:selah]] -* [[en:tw:selah|selah]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +"think about" -## translationNotes +# your accomplishments -* **call to mind ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:020:003]] -* **spread my hands out to you in prayer** - "pray to you with my hands lifted up at my sides" +"all that you have accomplished" or "all the great things you have done" + +# spread my hands out to you in prayer + +"pray to you with my hands lifted up at my sides" + +# my soul thirsts for you in a parched land + +The psalmist speaks of wanting to be with God as if he were in a parched land and he also was about to die of thirst. AT: "I want to be with you the way a person in a parched land who is very thirsty wants water." + +# my soul thirsts for you + +The psalmist desires to know Yahweh. The intensity of his desire to know Yahweh is like one who is very thirsty. AT: "I long for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my soul + +The soul is a metonym for the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# parched land + +A land where everything has died because there is no water. + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/007.md b/psa/143/007.md index 51c2f665b0..61944517a3 100644 --- a/psa/143/007.md +++ b/psa/143/007.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# my spirit faints -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:face|face]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:soul|soul]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] +Here the "spirit" refers to the whole person. AT: "I am weak" or "I am very discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not hide your face from me -* **my spirit faints** - "I am weak" or "I am not confident" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Do not hide your face from me** - This is a request. AT: "I beg you not to hide from me" or "Please, do not hide from me" -* **Show me** - AT: "Reveal to me" or "explain to me" -* **for I lift up my soul** - AT: "I pray to you" or "I ask of you" +This is a request. "I beg you not to hide from me" or "Please, do not hide from me" + +# Do not hide your face from me + +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh refusing to do what the psalmist asks as if Yahweh were refusing to even look at the psalmist. This litotes can be stated as a positive. AT: "Do not refuse to listen to me" or "Please listen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# I will become like those who go down into the pit + +Here the word "pit" refers to the place of the dead. This phrase is a euphemism for death. AT: "I will become just another dead person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Let me hear your covenant faithfulness + +"Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness" or "Tell me of your covenant faithfulness." The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the morning + +Possible meanings are 1) "in the morning," at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or 2) "morning by morning," every day. + +# Show me + +"Tell me" + +# the way where I should walk + +The psalmist speaks of the way people live as if it were a path on which they walk. AT: "how you want me to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for I lift up my soul to you + +Possible meanings are 1) "I pray to you" or 2) "I believe that you will guide and protect me." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/009.md b/psa/143/009.md index 2efe3a8b70..c9f5699635 100644 --- a/psa/143/009.md +++ b/psa/143/009.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I flee to you to hide -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:upright]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod|will of God]] +Possible meanings are 1) "I flee to you so I can hide" and 2) "I flee to you so you will hide and protect me." -## translationNotes +# to do your will -* **lead me in the land of uprightness** - AT: "help me to live righteously" or "help me to live righteously in the land" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"to do what you want me to do" + +# lead me in the land of uprightness + +Possible meanings are 1) "help me to live righteously" or 2) "may my life be free of trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land of uprightness + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or 2) "a level land," a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/011.md b/psa/143/011.md index 2980f28e4a..60000c1939 100644 --- a/psa/143/011.md +++ b/psa/143/011.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for your name's sake -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:trouble]] -* [[en:tw:trouble|trouble, troubles, troubled]] +Yahweh's name represents his reputation and character. AT: "because of who you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the enemies of my life -* **the enemies of my life** - AT: "the enemies who want to take my life" +"the enemies who want to take my life" + +# In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies + +"Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies." The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the enemies of my life + +"the enemies of my soul." My "life" may be understood as representing the speaker. AT: "my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/intro.md b/psa/143/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa9793e3c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/143/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 143 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 143 is a deliverance psalm. The author prays for deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +The author prayed for help from Yahweh against his enemies because he is God's servant. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 143:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../142/intro.md) | [>>](../144/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/001.md b/psa/144/001.md index 1be7b11c88..85ff65b969 100644 --- a/psa/144/001.md +++ b/psa/144/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:refuge|refuge]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of David** - "This is a psalm that David wrote." -* **my rock** - AT: "my safe place" or "my strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **my covenant faithfulness** - "my faithful friend" +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# my rock + +Possible meanings are 1) "the one who keeps me safe" or 2) "the one who gives me strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle + +The words "hands" and "fingers" are synecdoches for "me." If "war" and "battle" are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. AT: "who trains me for war and trains me for battle" or "who trains me for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with anadverb. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who faithfully loves me" or 2) "the one who faithfully protects me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my fortress ... take refuge + +The psalmist uses many metaphors to emphasize that Yahweh will protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my high tower + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a fortress that protects him from attack. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my shield + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield that protects a soldier. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one in whom I take refuge + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "the one to whom I go so he will protect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who subdues nations under me + +"the one who enables me to defeat other nations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/003.md b/psa/144/003.md index af6f86c20c..ee4ad4c594 100644 --- a/psa/144/003.md +++ b/psa/144/003.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh, what is man that you take notice of him or the son of man that you think about him? -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] -* [[en:tw:shadow|shadow]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman|Son of Man]] +These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Man is so small compared to everything else you have made that I am surprised that you take notice of man and that you think about the son of man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# man ... son of man +two words for human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# like a breath ... like a passing shadow + +The writer compares humans to these thing to emphasize how short their lives are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/005.md b/psa/144/005.md index 93f0d64e52..9beb4973c0 100644 --- a/psa/144/005.md +++ b/psa/144/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Cause ... come down ... touch ... make ... Send ... scatter ... shoot ... drive -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:adversary|adversary, enemy]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +These should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist considers God greater than him. -## translationNotes +# Cause the sky to sink -* **Cause ... to sink ... come down ... touch ... make ... smoke .. Send ... scatter ... shoot ... send** - These are requests, not commands. -* **Cause the sky to sink** - Possible meanings are 1) tear the sky open (see UDB), or 2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows. -* **in confusion** - "so they do not know what to think or what to do" +Possible meanings are 1) tear the sky open or 2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows. + +# in confusion + +"so they do not know what to think or what to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/007.md b/psa/144/007.md index d8e027f9ef..e3f5f895d5 100644 --- a/psa/144/007.md +++ b/psa/144/007.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Reach out your hand from above; rescue me out of many waters -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:righthand|right hand]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +David speaks as if God were on land above a flood and had physical hands with which he could pull David out of a flood. The flood is a metaphor for the troubles caused by the "foreigners." AT: "You who are able to act, help me overcome my troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# from the hand of foreigners -* **Reach out your hand** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:138:007]] -* **from above** - AT: "from heaven" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Their mouths speak lies** - AT: "They speak lies" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **right hand is falsehood** - Witnesses in courts would raise their right hands to heaven to show they were telling the truth. +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "from the power of foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their mouths speak lies + +Here the word "mouths" represent the people who speak. AT: "They speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# their right hand is falsehood + +Possible meanings are 1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, "they lie even when they swear to tell the truth," or 2) the "right hand" is a metaphor for power, "everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/009.md b/psa/144/009.md index c238e104b8..3635131c61 100644 --- a/psa/144/009.md +++ b/psa/144/009.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# new song -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:free|free, freedom, liberty]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:lute|lute, lyre]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] +Possible meanings are 1) "a song no one has ever sung before" or 2) "a song I have never sung before." -## translationNotes +# you, who give ... kings, who rescued -* **from an evil sword** - AT: Here evil people are being referred to as an "evil sword". AT: "from evil people trying to harm him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Rescue me and free me** - "Please rescue me and free me" -* **from the hands of these foreigners …and their right hand is falsehood** - Translate these words as you translated them in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:144:007]]. +"you. It is you who give ... kings. It is you who rescued" + +# David your servant + +David speaks of himself as if he were someone else. "me, David, your servant" + +# from an evil sword + +David speaks of evil people as if they were the swords they use as weapons. AT: "from evil people who were trying to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Rescue me and free me + +"Please rescue me and free me" + +# from the hand of foreigners + +Here "hand" refers to power. See how you translated these words in [Psalms 144:7-8](./007.md). AT: "from the power of foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their mouths speak lies + +The people are represented by their "mouths." See how you translated these words in [Psalms 144:7-8](./007.md). AT: "They speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# their right hand is falsehood + +Possible meanings are 1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, "they lie even when they swear to tell the truth," or 2) the "right hand" is a metaphor for power, "everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies."See how you translated these words [Psalms 144:7-8](./007.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/012.md b/psa/144/012.md index 352cac96d8..ff7a452680 100644 --- a/psa/144/012.md +++ b/psa/144/012.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# like plants who grow to full size -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:palace]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram, ewe]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:storehouse]] +healthy and strong -## translationNotes +# in their youth -* **like plants who grow to full size** - healthy and strong -* **in their youth** - the time when people develop -* **thousands and ten thousands in our fields** - "thousands—even tens of thousands!—and fill up our fields" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +the time when people develop + +# our daughters like carved corner pillars + +"may our daughters be like carved corner pillars" + +# carved corner pillars + +"beautiful posts that hold up the corners of a large house" + +# pillars, shapely like those of a palace + +"pillars that are carved to make a palace beautiful" + +# thousands and ten thousands in our fields + +"thousands—even tens of thousands!—and fill up our fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/014.md b/psa/144/014.md index ee4cae0edd..7740a662ad 100644 --- a/psa/144/014.md +++ b/psa/144/014.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# No one will break through our walls -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:ox]] -* [[en:tw:ox|ox, oxen]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] +"No one will be able to invade our city" -## translationNotes +# no outcry -* **No one will break through our walls** - AT: "No one will be able to invade our city" +Here the outcry is associated with a severe problem that causes the person to cry out. AT: "no one crying in pain" or "no one crying for help" or "no one calling out for justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/intro.md b/psa/144/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3eb5b16ed1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/144/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 144 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Safety ##### +Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 144:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../143/intro.md) | [>>](../145/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/001.md b/psa/145/001.md index d7dfbb8a96..4915ab81bb 100644 --- a/psa/145/001.md +++ b/psa/145/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:psalm]] -* [[en:tw:psalm|psalm]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# A psalm of praise. Of David -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **A psalm of praise. Of David** - "This is a psalm of praise that David wrote." -* **extol you** - "tell people how wonderful you are" +"This is a psalm of praise that David wrote." + +# extol you + +"tell people how wonderful you are" + +# bless your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/018.md). AT: "bless you" or "do what makes you happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# praise your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "praise you" or "tell people how great you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/004.md b/psa/145/004.md index df962ddea8..246bad9cce 100644 --- a/psa/145/004.md +++ b/psa/145/004.md @@ -1,20 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# your mighty actions -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:amazed|marvel, wonder, be amazed, be astonished]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:meditate]] -* [[en:tw:meditate|meditate]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] - -## translationNotes - -* **your mighty actions** - AT: "the things you can do because you are strong" +"the things you can do because you are strong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/006.md b/psa/145/006.md index 8a56e95065..2ae420aab3 100644 --- a/psa/145/006.md +++ b/psa/145/006.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# declare your abounding goodness -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] - -## translationNotes - -* **declare your abounding goodness** - AT: "tell others how very good you are" +"tell others how very good you are" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/008.md b/psa/145/008.md index 168dd53adb..cbf7a41ff2 100644 --- a/psa/145/008.md +++ b/psa/145/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# abounding in covenant faithfulness -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:mercy|mercy, merciful]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The psalmist speaks of covenant faithfulness as if it were a physical object of which one could possess a large amount. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "completely faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# his tender mercies are over all his works -* **his tender mercies are over all his works** - AT: "people see his mercy in everything he has made" +"people can see him showing mercy in everything he does" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/010.md b/psa/145/010.md index 98107de5b9..2e3e981476 100644 --- a/psa/145/010.md +++ b/psa/145/010.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# All you have made will give thanks -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mighty|mighty, might]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:splendor|splendor]] - -## translationNotes - -* **all you have made will give thanks** - AT: "all the people you have made will give thanks" +"All the people you have made will give thanks" or "It will be as if everything you have made will give you thanks" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/013.md b/psa/145/013.md index d723b3d486..9a58190a5c 100644 --- a/psa/145/013.md +++ b/psa/145/013.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# endures throughout all generations -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] - -## translationNotes - -* No notes +"remains forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/014.md b/psa/145/014.md index c7d9863cd1..0c2d548210 100644 --- a/psa/145/014.md +++ b/psa/145/014.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# supports all who are falling ... raises up all those who are bent over -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh encouraging people as if he were helping people who were physically weak. You may need to translate both lines using only one line. AT "encourages those who are discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The eyes of all wait -* **the eyes of all wait** - AT: "everyone waits" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **You open your hand** - AT: "You provide" -* **satisfy the desire of every living thing** - AT: "you go beyond just meeting the needs of everybody" or "give blessings beyond supplying the basic necessities for all" +Here the word "eyes" represents those who watch and wait for Yahweh to act. AT: "Everyone watches and waits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You open your hand + +"You generously provide" + +# satisfy the desire of every living thing + +"you give everyone more than they need and as much as they want" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/017.md b/psa/145/017.md index f883d91143..bf6b16999d 100644 --- a/psa/145/017.md +++ b/psa/145/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh is righteous in all his ways -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:save|save]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +"People can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is righteous" -## translationNotes +# gracious in all he does -* **is near to all those who call to him** - AT: "acts quickly to help those who pray" +"and he is gracious in all he does" or "people can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is gracious" + +# is near to all those who call to him + +Here "is near" means "ready to help." AT: "is always ready to help all those who call to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to all who call to him in trustworthiness + +The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as an action. AT: "to all who tell only the truth when they pray" or "to all whom he trusts when they pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/020.md b/psa/145/020.md index a0f8733a5d..429127676c 100644 --- a/psa/145/020.md +++ b/psa/145/020.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# My mouth will speak -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +Here the words "My mouth" represent the one speaking. AT: "I will speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# will speak out the praise of Yahweh -* **My mouth will** - AT: "I will" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **forever and ever** - see how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:021:003]] +"tell everyone how good Yahweh is" + +# let all mankind bless his holy name + +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/018.md). AT: "let all people bless him" or "let all people do what makes him happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/intro.md b/psa/145/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d375e9713f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/145/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 145 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 145 is a worship psalm. This is the second in a series of worship psalms consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Praise ##### +God is worthy of all praise. This is in part because he does such wonderful things for all who worship him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 145:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../144/intro.md) | [>>](../146/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/001.md b/psa/146/001.md index 4c24cdbcc3..b63004e3dc 100644 --- a/psa/146/001.md +++ b/psa/146/001.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Praise Yahweh, my soul -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **as long as I exist** - AT: "until I die" or "while I live" +Here "soul" represents the writer's inner being. The writer is commanding his inner being to praise Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I will praise Yahweh with all my soul" or "I give praise to Yahweh with all my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with all my life + +"until I die" or "while I live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/003.md b/psa/146/003.md index 97441edeb6..6f4fdbff99 100644 --- a/psa/146/003.md +++ b/psa/146/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# in princes -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:trust|trust, trustworthy, trustworthiness]] +Here "princes" represents all human leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# in mankind, in whom there is no salvation -* **in mankind, in whom there is no salvation** - AT: "in any man because they cannot save" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **When a person's life's breath stops, he returns to the ground** - AT: When a person dies, he returns to the ground" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "save." AT: "in any person because they cannot save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in mankind + +"in humankind" or "in people" + +# When a person's life's breath stops + +This is a polite way to refer to someone dying. AT: When a person dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# he returns to the ground + +This means that just as God made the first human, Adam, from the soil, so will a person's body decay and become soil again when he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/005.md b/psa/146/005.md index 075379ddf7..fc3bac81f5 100644 --- a/psa/146/005.md +++ b/psa/146/005.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh made heaven and earth -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] +The words "heaven" and "earth" represent everything that exists in the physical universe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# observes trustworthiness -* **God of Jacob** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:020:001]] -* **observes trustworthiness** - AT: "remains faithful" +The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "remains trustworthy" or "remains faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/007.md b/psa/146/007.md index 2330319194..8b597f2d62 100644 --- a/psa/146/007.md +++ b/psa/146/007.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# He executes justice -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"He decides matters fairly" -## translationNotes +# for the oppressed -* **executes justice** - "sees that people do what is just" -* **opens the eyes of the blind** - AT: "causes the blind to see" +This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. AT: "for oppressed people" or "for those whom other people oppress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# to the hungry + +This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. AT: "to hungry people" or "to those who are hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# opens the eyes of the blind + +Causing a blind person to see is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening the person's eyes. AT: "causes the blind to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blind + +This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. AT: "blind people" or "those who are blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Yahweh raises up those who are bowed down + +Yahweh helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically helping someone to stand up. AT: "Yahweh helps those who are discouraged" or "Yahweh helps those who are weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who are bowed down + +This action is a sign of distress or mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/009.md b/psa/146/009.md index 459f81bcb0..48701471eb 100644 --- a/psa/146/009.md +++ b/psa/146/009.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he lifts up -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner|foreigner, foreign]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] -* [[en:tw:generation|generation]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +God helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically lifting them up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# your God, Zion -* **for all generations** - AT: "forever" +Here "Zion" represents all the people of Israel. The writer is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were there listening to him. AT: "your God, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# for all generations + +The words "will reign" are understood. AT: "will reign for all generations" or "will reign forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/intro.md b/psa/146/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7f4e2bd479 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/146/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 146 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 146 is a worship psalm. It is the third in series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +Trusting people for protection is useless because they die. But God blesses everyone who trusts in him. He provides everything people need. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 146:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../145/intro.md) | [>>](../147/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/001.md b/psa/147/001.md index fe1a27fe18..d3d734aadd 100644 --- a/psa/147/001.md +++ b/psa/147/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# it is pleasant -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The object may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "it is pleasant to sing praises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# praise is suitable + +"praise is fitting" or "praise is appropriate" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/002.md b/psa/147/002.md index c3dbb7af16..265e2a544f 100644 --- a/psa/147/002.md +++ b/psa/147/002.md @@ -1,13 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] - -## translationNotes - -* **heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds** - AT: "helps those who have no hope and heals the wounded" -* **binds up their wounds** - AT: "helps them not be sad anymore" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of the people's sorrow and discouragement as if they were physical wounds, and of Yahweh encouraging them as if he were healing those wounds. AT: "He encourages those who are sad and helps them to heal from their emotional wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/004.md b/psa/147/004.md index 21c8025cec..f326cc2841 100644 --- a/psa/147/004.md +++ b/psa/147/004.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# his understanding cannot be measured -* [[en:tw:awe]] -* [[en:tw:awe|awe, awesome]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] - -## translationNotes - -* **his understanding cannot be measured** - AT: "his wisdom and understanding have no limit" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can measure his understanding" or "his understanding has no limit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/006.md b/psa/147/006.md index d8f4570aa8..4b08a0b1bd 100644 --- a/psa/147/006.md +++ b/psa/147/006.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh lifts up the oppressed -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +The writer speaks of Yahweh honoring those who are oppressed as if Yahweh were lifting them up from the ground. AT: "Yahweh honors the oppressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# he brings the wicked down to the ground -* ** lifts up** - AT: "gives hope to" -* **brings ... down to the ground** - AT: "completely defeats the wicked" +The writer speaks of Yahweh humiliating the wicked as if Yahweh were forcing them to lie on the ground. AT: "he humiliates the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with a harp + +"while playing a harp" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/008.md b/psa/147/008.md index 756f255f58..82a79c3a7e 100644 --- a/psa/147/008.md +++ b/psa/147/008.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to the young ravens when they cry -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] +The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. AT: "he gives food to the young ravens when they cry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# when they cry -* **ravens ** - The Israelites considered it wrong to eat these large black birds, which eat dead animals and things thrown away. +"whey they chirp" or "when they call" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/010.md b/psa/147/010.md index c2cde15c33..19e148c77b 100644 --- a/psa/147/010.md +++ b/psa/147/010.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# He finds no delight in the strength of a horse -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith|covenant faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] +"Strong horses do not delight him" -## translationNotes +# the strong legs of a man -* **He finds no delight in the strength of a horse** - AT: "Strong horses do not make him happy" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the strong legs of a man** - AT: "men with strong legs" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "strong legs" is a metonym that represents how swiftly a man can run. AT: "men who can run swiftly" or 2) "strong legs" represents the strength of the whole man. AT: "how strong a man is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# who hope in his covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with and adjective. AT: "who trust him because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/012.md b/psa/147/012.md index 490088cfd8..ce6f8649b5 100644 --- a/psa/147/012.md +++ b/psa/147/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Jerusalem ... Zion -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:prosper]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +The writer speaks to Jerusalem, which he also calls Zion, as if it were a person. The names of the city are metonyms for the people who live in it. AT: "people of Jerusalem ... people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# For he strengthens the bars of your gates -* **Jerusalem...Zion** - AT: "people of Jerusalem...people of Zion" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **He brings prosperity** - Possible meanings are 1) the people are wealthy because they have plenty of wheat to eat (see UDB) or 2) "He brings peace," the end of war and the chance to rebuild the city ([[:en:bible:notes:psa:147:002]]), and so the people have plenty of wheat. +The phrase "the bars of your gates" represent the city as a whole. Yahweh will make Jerusalem secure from enemy invasion. AT: "For he protects Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he blesses ... among you + +The writer speaks of those who live in Jerusalem as if they were Jerusalem's children. AT: "he blesses those who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He brings prosperity + +"He brings peace." Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh causes the people who live in Jerusalem to prosper materially and financially or 2) the word translated as "prosperity" means "peace" and Yahweh keeps Jerusalem safe from enemy attack. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/015.md b/psa/147/015.md index 089575141f..2ed157ecb9 100644 --- a/psa/147/015.md +++ b/psa/147/015.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# his command runs very swiftly -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] +The writer describes God's command as if it were a messenger that moves quickly to deliver God's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# He makes the snow like wool, he scatters the frost like ashes +These emphasize how easy it is for him to do these things. He covers the ground with snow as easily as a person covers something with a wool blanket. And, he removes the frost as easily as the wind blows ashes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/017.md b/psa/147/017.md index e205a94a8e..c088d224ae 100644 --- a/psa/147/017.md +++ b/psa/147/017.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# He dispenses the hail like crumbs -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:send]] +Yahweh scatters hail as easily as a person would scatter bread crumbs. AT: "He dispenses the hail easily, as if it were crumbs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# He dispenses -* **He dispenses ** - AT: "He sends" -* **hail like crumbs** - AT: "hail easily" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **hail ** - small pieces of ice that fall from the sky like rain -* **who can withstand the cold he sends?** - AT: "no one can live in the cold he sends." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **He sends out his command and melts them** - "He commands the ice to melt" +"He sends" + +# hail + +small pieces of ice that fall from the sky like rain + +# who can withstand the cold he sends? + +The writer uses this question to emphasize that it is difficult to endure the cold weather that Yahweh causes. AT: "no one can live in the cold he sends." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He sends out his command and melts them + +The writer speaks of Yahweh's command as if it were his messenger. The word "command" can be translated with a verb. AT: "He commands the ice to melt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/019.md b/psa/147/019.md index e701635834..bfae43997b 100644 --- a/psa/147/019.md +++ b/psa/147/019.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# He proclaimed his word to Jacob, his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:jacob|Jacob, Israel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:know|know, knowledge, make known]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclaim, proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:statute]] -* [[en:tw:statute|statute, statutes]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh gave his law only to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel -* **word ... statutes ... decrees** - These words all speak of what "he proclaimed," the Law of Moses. If your language does not have different words for these terms, you may combine the two lines into one, using either "Jacob" or "Israel" for the people who heard the words proclaimed. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. AT: "He proclaimed his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his statutes and his righteous decrees + +The words "statutes" and "righteous decrees," along with "word" in the previous line, all refer to the law of Moses. If your language does not have different words for these terms, you may combine the two lines into one, using either "Jacob" or "Israel" for the people who received them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they do not know them + +The other nations do not know Yahweh's decrees. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/intro.md b/psa/147/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..894ca488ce --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/147/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 147 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 147 is a worship psalm. It is the fourth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's control ##### +Yahweh has created everything and controls all of nature. He provides for the animals and people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 147:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../146/intro.md) | [>>](../148/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/001.md b/psa/148/001.md index 7eeeaed47d..3e04e2efdc 100644 --- a/psa/148/001.md +++ b/psa/148/001.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens ... you in the heights -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] +"Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens ... you in the sky." These two lines are parallel, with phrase "the heights" meaning the same thing as "the heavens" in the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/003.md b/psa/148/003.md index ac6f79e6af..aaa64f5cf1 100644 --- a/psa/148/003.md +++ b/psa/148/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Praise him, sun and moon -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +The writer speaks to the sun and moon as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. AT: "Praise Yahweh, sun and moon, as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# praise him, all you shining stars -* **Praise him, sun and moon** - "I want the sun and the moon to praise God as people do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **praise him, all you shining stars** - "I want the shining stars to praise God as people do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Praise him, highest heaven** - "I want the most far away part of the universe to praise God as people do" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **above the sky** - where rain comes from +The writer speaks to the shining stars as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. AT: "Praise Yahweh, shining stars, as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Praise him, highest heaven + +The phrase "highest heaven" is an idiom that refers to heaven itself. The writer speaks to heaven as if it were a person and commands it to praise Yahweh. AT: "Praise Yahweh, highest heaven, as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you waters that are above the sky + +The writer speaks to "the waters that are above the sky" as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. AT: "praise him, you waters that are above the sky, as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# waters that are above the sky + +The writer speaks of a place above the sky where water is stored and from which the rain comes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/005.md b/psa/148/005.md index 4fc3acb762..6ba3897bee 100644 --- a/psa/148/005.md +++ b/psa/148/005.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Let them praise the name of Yahweh -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creation|create, creation, Creator]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:decree|decree]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "Let them praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# they were created -* **established them forever and ever** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:078:067]] -* **he issued a decree that will never change** - Possible meanings are 1) "he gave a command that is permanent" (see ULB) or 2) "what God has created will never disobey that command" (see UDB). -* **issued** - "gave," as a king gives +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he created them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he issued a decree that will never change + +Possible meanings are 1) "he gave a command that is permanent" or 2) "he gave a command that they will not disobey." + +# issued + +"gave," as a king gives \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/007.md b/psa/148/007.md index 676f1b00eb..decfce8a57 100644 --- a/psa/148/007.md +++ b/psa/148/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# all ocean depths -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:creature|creature]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:hail]] -* [[en:tw:snow]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +This phrase represents every creature that lives in the depths of the oceans. AT: "all creatures in the ocean depths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# fire and hail, snow and clouds, stormy wind -* **fulfilling his word** - everything in 148:7-8, "who are all fulfilling his word" or "who are all under his control" +The writer speaks to these natural phenomena as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# stormy wind fulfilling his word + +"stormy wind that does what Yahweh commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/009.md b/psa/148/009.md index 4a9f24b03d..e2d4979a0b 100644 --- a/psa/148/009.md +++ b/psa/148/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cedar|cedar]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] +The writer continues to speak to things that are not human as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# animals wild and tame -* **animals wild and tame** - AT: "all animals" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **tame** - that obey people +The words "wild" and "tame" are opposites. Together they encompass all animals. AT: "all animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/011.md b/psa/148/011.md index d2484bf548..5ce0a175d1 100644 --- a/psa/148/011.md +++ b/psa/148/011.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:governor]] -* [[en:tw:governor|governor, govern]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] +The writer commands all people to praise Yahweh. -## translationNotes +# all nations -* **elderly and children ** - AT: "old people and young people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +The word "nations" represents the people who live in those nations. AT: "people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# young men and young women, elderly and children + +The writer uses two merisms, one related to gender and one related to age, to represent every person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/013.md b/psa/148/013.md index 20978dda3e..99964ebdd4 100644 --- a/psa/148/013.md +++ b/psa/148/013.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the name of Yahweh, for his name alone -* [[en:tw:exalt]] -* [[en:tw:exalt|exalt, exaltation]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh, for he alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# his glory extends over the earth and the heavens -* **the people near to him** - AT: "the people he loves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh's greatness as his glory being high above earth and heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has lifted up the horn of his people + +The writer speaks of strength as if it were the horn of an animal. Lifting up an animal horn was a symbolic action that represented military victory. AT: "He has made his people strong" or "He has given his people victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# for praise from all his faithful ones + +"so that all his faithful ones praise him" + +# the people near to him + +The writer speaks of Yahweh loving his people as if his people were physically close to him. AT: "the people he loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/intro.md b/psa/148/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..272db78caa --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/148/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 148 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 148 is a worship psalm. It is the fifth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +All creation, including humans, should praise God for his greatness. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 148:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../147/intro.md) | [>>](../149/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/001.md b/psa/149/001.md index 4d31694fa6..ebb7e6c5bb 100644 --- a/psa/149/001.md +++ b/psa/149/001.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assembly]] -* [[en:tw:assembly|assembly]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The psalmist is speaking to all of God's people, so you should use the plural command form if your language has one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# a new song + +Possible meanings are 1) "a song you have never sung before" or 2) a song no one has ever sung before. + +# sing his praise + +"praise him with songs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/002.md b/psa/149/002.md index ab1afe1c8a..3854fba465 100644 --- a/psa/149/002.md +++ b/psa/149/002.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# rejoice in the one who made them -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Possible meanings are 1) "rejoice because he made them" or 2) "rejoice because the one who made them is good." -## translationNotes +# rejoice in their king -* **rejoice in their king** - "Their king" is likely a reference to God. -* **tambourine** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:080:001]] +The words "their king" is likely a reference to God. Possible meanings are 1) "rejoice because he is their king" or 2) "rejoice because their king is good." + +# praise his name + +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "praise him" or "tell people how great he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tambourine + +a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/004.md b/psa/149/004.md index ccd298e75f..4910202b47 100644 --- a/psa/149/004.md +++ b/psa/149/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# glorifies the humble with salvation -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:godly|godly, godliness]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:humble|humble, humility]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:joy|joy, joyful]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod|people of God, my people]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "glorifies the humble by saving them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## translationNotes +# the humble -* **glorifies the humble with salvation** - AT: "exalts the humble by saving them from their enemies." -* **on their beds** - The Hebrew is not clear for this expression, but one likely interpretation is … AT: "even at night, even as they lie down to sleep" +This can be restated to remove the nominal adjective. AT: "those who are humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# on their beds + +The translation can make explicit that this refers to when a person lies down at night to sleep in a bed. AT: "as they lie down to sleep at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/006.md b/psa/149/006.md index a074e08c95..175bfba3d2 100644 --- a/psa/149/006.md +++ b/psa/149/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# May the praises of God be in their mouths -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:avenge|avenge, revenge, vengeance]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +The mouth represents the whole person. AT: "May they always be ready to praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# a two-edged sword in their hand -* **May the praises of God be in their mouths ** - AT: "May they praise God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a two-edged sword in their hand** - edged sword in their hand** - If swords are not known, use the name of a local weapon. This refers to a type of war festival before or after a battle. +If swords are not known, use the name of a local weapon. The word "sword" is a metonym for being ready to fight in war. AT: "may they always be ready to go to war for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations + +The phrase "the nations" is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. AT: "the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/008.md b/psa/149/008.md index 7205e83c98..3d51eb195a 100644 --- a/psa/149/008.md +++ b/psa/149/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# chains -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:noble]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:written|written]] +These are made of heavy metal and restrict the movement of prisoners. -## translationNotes +# shackles -* **chains** - These are made of heavy metal and restrict the movement of prisoners. -* **shackles** - a pair of chains or manacles with a chain between that limits the movement of both a person's hands or feet. +a pair of chains or bands with a chain between that limits the movement of both a person's hands or feet. + +# They will execute the judgment that is written + +The abstract noun "judgment" can be stated as "judge." AT: "They will judge and punish the people of those nations as God wrote should be done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/intro.md b/psa/149/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..244ffff119 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/149/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 149 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 149 is a worship psalm. It is the sixth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +The people of Israel should praise God and conquer the other nations. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 149:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../148/intro.md) | [>>](../150/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/150/001.md b/psa/150/001.md index 51bea49dd7..8feb7d759a 100644 --- a/psa/150/001.md +++ b/psa/150/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:praise|praise]] -* [[en:tw:sanctuary]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +This focuses on praise or worship is most commonly held in the temple. + +# Praise God in his holy place + +God's temple was often referred to as his holy place. This was the most common place to go to worship God. + +# his mighty acts + +"the great things he has done." God's "mighty acts" can possibly mean 1) natural such as thunderstorms and earthquakes or 2) miraculous such as healings and great victories in battle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/150/003.md b/psa/150/003.md index 5f01f45eb9..2e6dc39aa1 100644 --- a/psa/150/003.md +++ b/psa/150/003.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:harp|harp]] -* [[en:tw:lute]] -* [[en:tw:lute|lute, lyre]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +This chunk focuses on praising or worshiping God with musical instruments and dance. -## translationNotes +# tambourines -* **tambourine** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:psa:080:001]] -* **cymbals** - two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound +A tambourine is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/150/006.md b/psa/150/006.md index d0e78e73f2..aab290dc86 100644 --- a/psa/150/006.md +++ b/psa/150/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breath]] +This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 5 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 107 and ends with Psalm 150. -## translationNotes +# everything that has breath -* **everything that has breath** - everything living (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] ) +This is an exaggeration that calls on all people who are alive to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/150/intro.md b/psa/150/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e095437705 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/150/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 150 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 150 is a worship psalm. It is last in a series of worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Instruments ##### +People should praise Yahweh with every type of musical instrument. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 150:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../149/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/front/intro.md b/psa/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d709e7931c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +# Introduction to Psalms # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Psalms #### + +1. Book One (Psalms 1-41) +1. Book Two (Psalms 42-72) +1. Book Three (Psalms 73-89) +1. Book Four (Psalms 90-106) +1. Book Five (Psalms 107-150) + +#### What is the Book of Psalms? #### + +The Book of Psalms is a collection of songs that were written for different reasons. In some psalms, the psalmists (that is, the psalm writers) expressed their praise for God. In other psalms, they ask God for help and express confidence in his love and power. In still other psalms, the psalmists confess their sins and beg for mercy. The Israelites wrote some psalms to pray for military victory over the nation's enemies. Still other psalms celebrate the coronation of new kings of Israel. Psalmists also wrote to praise the city of Jerusalem. Some psalms were written to instruct people on how to be wise, that is, how to obey the law of Moses and to honor God. In addition, some psalms became popular for pilgrims to sing while traveling to Jerusalem to worship there. Some psalms apparently became favorite songs of praise to sing in the temple worship of God. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Another title of this book means, "Songs of Praise." Translators may express this meaning in their own languages, or they may choose to transliterate a name from other language versions if it is well-known. For example, the French title "Les Psaumes" might be understood by everyone in a project language, if French is the language of wider communication in the region. + +#### When was the Book of Psalms written? #### + +The Psalms were written from the 15th Century BC to about the time they were collected in the 3rd Century BC. One of the earliest psalms was written by Moses, perhaps about 1400 BC. David's psalms have been dated between 1020 and 975 BC. Asaph's psalms are probably from the same time as David's. The psalms of Korah may have come from the time just before the destruction of Jerusalem and the exile to Babylonia (587 BC). + +No psalm is definitely identified as having been written after the exile, which formally ended in 538 BC. However, Psalms 126 and 137 appear to date from the period after the exile. + +#### What are the Messianic psalms? #### + +Some psalms, called "Messianic psalms," contain passages that the New Testament writers considered to prophesy the coming and work of the Messiah, Jesus Christ. The psalms usually considered to be Messianic are Psalms 2, 8, 16, 22, 34, 40, 41, 45, 68, 69, 89, 102, 109, 110, and 118. Each of these psalms is cited at least one time in the New Testament. + +#### What are superscriptions in the Psalms? #### + +Superscriptions are the information that is given before the beginning of many psalms. Seventy-three psalms are called "A psalm of David," which may mean they were written by King David, for David, or perhaps in the style that David used when he composed poetry. For some psalms, the superscriptions give the historical situations in which they were written. + +Some superscriptions give instructions about how they should be played and sung, with what instruments, with which singers, and apparently sometimes with which melodies. Fifty-five psalms are addressed "to the choirmaster" or "chief musician;" these seem to have been specially meant for use in temple worship. + +Some of the expressions in the superscriptions are difficult to understand, so modern versions often have different interpretations of them. + +English versions do not traditionally give verse numbers to the superscriptions, but many versions in other languages do. Whatever choice about how to indicate verses is made in other versions, the superscriptions in the Psalms should be considered as part of the divinely inspired biblical text. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What are some important ways in which Yahweh is pictured in the Book of Psalms? #### + +Yahweh is often pictured as: + +* a king who rules over the nation of Israel and over all the nations +* a shepherd who leads the people of Israel and also the individual psalm writers +* a "rock," that is, a high rocky mountain on which someone can be completely safe from his enemies +* a strong warrior who always defeats his enemies + +#### What is the importance of honor and shame in the Book of Psalms? #### + +When people honor someone, they think well of him and may even admire him. On the other hand, if people shame someone, that person loses honor and is disgraced. Psalmists often express a great desire that Yahweh would be honored by the Israelites and also by the rest of the world. In addition, psalmists often express fear that they will be shamed by their enemies. When they feel this way, the psalmists speak of their trust that Yahweh will not allow this to happen. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why do the ULB and UDB display the Book of Psalms as poetry, but some modern versions do not? #### + +The Psalms were written as Hebrew poetry. This style uses poetic lines that stand in different kinds of relationships with each other. Usually, poetic lines are said to be "parallel" to each other. The ULB and UDB show these lines of poetry in English. These lines are shown by their indentation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +Translators will have to decide whether or not to present the Psalms as poetry in their own language. This decision may well make it necessary to consider whether their language has poetic forms that are suitable for expressing the thought of the Psalms. Some translators will certainly decide to present the Book of Psalms not as poetry, but as prose. + +#### Why do some versions number the Psalms differently than others? #### + +There have been different numbering systems for the Psalms from ancient times. When Jews translated the Book of Psalms from Hebrew into Greek, they eventually numbered many psalms differently. As a result, the Hebrew numbering and the Greek numbering of psalms were both passed down through the centuries. Both systems are still in use today. Translators will probably want to use the system that most versions in their own country use. + +#### How should the translator view the terms Selah and Higgaion that occur in various psalms? #### + +These seem to be musical terms that were inserted as directions for singers and people playing on accompanying instruments. Because there is no widespread agreement on their meaning, translators may decide to leave them out. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/01.md b/rev/01/01.md index eaad425ff0..7014ddda17 100644 --- a/rev/01/01.md +++ b/rev/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This is an introduction to the book of Revelation. It explains that it is a revelation from Jesus Christ and it gives a blessing to those who read it. -## translationNotes +# his servants -* **his servants** - the believers in Christ -* **what must soon take place** - AT: "the events that must happen soon" -* **made it known** - "communicated it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the time is near** - AT: "the things that must take place will soon take place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +This refers to people who believe in Christ. + +# what must soon take place + +"the events that must happen soon" + +# made it known + +"communicated it" + +# to his servant John + +John wrote this book and was referring to himself here. AT: "to me, John, his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the word of God + +Here it refers to the messages that God gave John. + +# the one who reads aloud + +This does not refer to a specific person. It refers to anyone who reads it aloud. AT: "anyone who reads aloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# obey what is written in it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "obey what John has written in it" or "obey what they read in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the time is near + +"the things that must happen will soon happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/04.md b/rev/01/04.md index b832d9ae04..2807984e14 100644 --- a/rev/01/04.md +++ b/rev/01/04.md @@ -1,38 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin, sinful, sinner, sinning]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This is the beginning of John's letter. Here he names himself as the writer and greets the people he is writing to. -## translationNotes +# May grace be to you and peace from the one who is ... and from the seven spirits ... and from Jesus Christ -* **peace from him who is** - "peace from God, who is" -* **spirits ** - It is implied that these spirits are angels because they are before the throne of God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **has released us** - AT: "has set us free" -* **made us a kingdom** - "set us apart and begun to rule over us" +This is a wish or blessing. John speaks as if these were things that God could give, although they are really ways in which he hopes God will act for his people. AT: "May he who is ... and the seven spirits ... and Jesus Christ treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from the one who is + +"from God, who is" + +# who is to come + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seven spirits + +The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the firstborn from the dead ones + +"the first person to be raised from death" + +# has released us + +"has set us free" + +# has made us a kingdom, priests + +"has set us apart and begun to rule over us and he has made us priests" + +# his God and Father + +This is one person. AT: "God, his Father" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# to him be the glory and the power + +This is a wish or prayer. Possible meanings are 1) "May people honor his glory and power" or 2) "May he have glory and power." John prays that Jesus Christ will be honored and will be able to rule completely over everyone and everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the power + +This probably refers to his authority as king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/07.md b/rev/01/07.md index ce0a81d65b..a7a20bd04a 100644 --- a/rev/01/07.md +++ b/rev/01/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +In verse 7, John is quoting from Daniel and Zechariah. -## translationNotes +# every eye -* * -* **Alpha and Omega** - this should be culturally interpreted. For example, alpha and omega mean nothing to someone who doesn't have knowledge of the Greek alphabet, so they should find an appropriate equivalent in their language/for their culture. +Since people see with the eyes, the word "eye" is used to refer to people. AT: "every person" or "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# including those who pierced him + +"even those who pierced him will see him" + +# pierced him + +Jesus' hands and feet were pierced when he was nailed to the cross. Here it refers to people killing him. AT: "killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pierced + +made a hole in + +# the alpha and the omega + +These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and who ends all things" or 2) "the one who has always lived and who always will live". If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. AT: "the A and the Z" or "the first and the last" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# who is to come + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# says the Lord God + +Some languages would put "The Lord God says" at the beginning or the end of the whole sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/09.md b/rev/01/09.md index ef22cb866c..fa158b482d 100644 --- a/rev/01/09.md +++ b/rev/01/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +John explains how his vision began and the instructions the Spirit gave him. -## translationNotes +# your ... you -* **your...you** - the believers in the seven churches (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **who shares with you in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance that are in Jesus** - AT: "who shares with you in God's kingdom. I also suffer and patiently endures trial along with you because we belong to Jesus" -* **because of the word of God** - AT: "because I told about the word of God" -* **in the Spirit** - This means effected by God's Spirit. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the Lord's day** - The day of worship for believers in Christ. -* **loud voice like a trumpet** - The voice was so loud it sounded like a trumpet. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **to Smyrna, to Pergamum, to Thyatira, to Sardis, to Philadelphia, and to Laodicea** - These are names of cities in Asia which is modern Turkey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +These refer to the believers in the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I, John—your brother and the one who shares with you in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance that are in Jesus—was + +This can be stated as a separate sentence. AT: "I, John, am your brother who who shares with you in God's kingdom and also suffers and patiently endures trials along with you because we belong to Jesus. I was" + +# because of the word of God + +"because I told others about the word of God" + +# I was in the Spirit + +John speaks of being influenced by God's Spirit as if he were in the Spirit. AT: "I was influenced by the Spirit" or "The Spirit influenced me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the Lord's day + +the day of worship for believers in Christ + +# loud voice like a trumpet + +The voice was so loud it sounded like a trumpet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# trumpet + +This refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting. + +# Smyrna ... Pergamum ... Thyatira ... Sardis ... Philadelphia ... Laodicea + +These are names of cities in the region of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/12.md b/rev/01/12.md index 4d561b03d3..9eac24a353 100644 --- a/rev/01/12.md +++ b/rev/01/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +John begins to explain what he saw in his vision. -## translationNotes +# whose voice -* **whose voice** - Here "voice" refers to the person speaking. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **belt** - a piece of cloth worn around the waist or across the chest +This refers to the person speaking. AT: "who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# son of man + +This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a golden sash + +a piece of cloth worn around the chest. It may have had golden threads in it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/14.md b/rev/01/14.md index 359450457c..3f4fa56561 100644 --- a/rev/01/14.md +++ b/rev/01/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# His head and hair were as white as wool—as white as snow -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:bronze|bronze]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:head]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:snow]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] +Wool and snow are examples of things that are very white. The repetition of "as white as" emphasizes that they were very white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# wool -* **head and hair were as white as wool—as white as snow** - These two phrases are used together to emphasize how very white his head and hair were. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **the sound of many rushing waters** - This is like the sound a large, fast flowing, white water river makes. +This is the hair of a sheep or goat. It was known to be very white. + +# his eyes were like a flame of fire + +His eyes are described as being full of light like a flame of fire. AT: "his eyes were glowing like a flame of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# His feet were like polished bronze + +Bronze is polished to make it shine and reflect light. AT: "His feet were very shiny like polished bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like polished bronze, like bronze that had been refined in a furnace + +The bronze would be refined first and then polished. AT: "like bronze that has been purified in a hot furnace and polished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# furnace + +a strong container for holding a very hot fire. People would put metal in it, and the hot fire would burn away any impurities that were in the metal. + +# the sound of many rushing waters + +This is very loud, like the sound of a large, fast flowing river, of a large waterfall, or of loud waves in the sea. + +# a sword ... was coming out of his mouth + +The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion. + +# a sword with two sharp edges + +This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/17.md b/rev/01/17.md index b7e5716e5f..112803d3fe 100644 --- a/rev/01/17.md +++ b/rev/01/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# fell at his feet like a dead man -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hades|hades, sheol]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +John lay down facing the ground. He was probably very frightened and was showing Jesus great respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# He placed his right hand on me -* John's continued vision of a Son of Man among the lampstands -* **He placed his right hand on me ** - AT: "He touched me with his right hand" -* **I am the First and the Last** - This refers to being the first to live and the last to live implying his eternal nature. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"He touched me with his right hand" + +# I am the first and the last + +This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I have the keys of death and of Hades + +Having the power over something is spoken of as having the keys to it. The implied information is that he can give life to those who have died and let them out of Hades. AT: "I have the power over death and over Hades" or "I have the power to give life to people who have died and to let them out of Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/19.md b/rev/01/19.md index 66700e3a81..fc27af5d3f 100644 --- a/rev/01/19.md +++ b/rev/01/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand|lampstand]] +The Son of Man continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# stars -* The Son of Man among the lamp stands continues to speak. -* **golden lampstands ** - Translate this the same as you did in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:09]]. -* **seven churches** - Translate this the same as you did in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:09]]. +These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# lampstands + +The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the angels of the seven churches + +Possible meanings are 1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches or 2) human messengers to the seven churches. + +# seven churches + +This refers to seven churches that actually existed in Asia Minor at that time. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/intro.md b/rev/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff81b66435 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Revelation 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter explains how the book is a recording of the vision John received on the island of Patmos. + +Some translations set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 1:7, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seven churches ##### +This letter was specifically addressed to seven actual churches located in the modern country of Turkey. + +##### White ##### +White is a color that often symbolizes holiness or righteousness in scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Him who is, and who was, and who is to come" ##### +The phrase explains that God has always existed, exists now and will always exist. Not all languages have a way to easily translate the past, present and future aspects of a verb. It is possible this is a play on the name of God, Yahweh, which means "I am." + +##### His blood ##### +This is a reference to Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "He is coming with the clouds" ##### +Many scholars believe Jesus will come back in two stages. Jesus' first return will be subtle, like a "thief in the night." Then, Jesus will come in an undeniable way where everyone will see him. It is this latter coming that the book of Revelation is about. + +##### Jesus ##### +The image of the man in heaven is probably Jesus. Overall, the image is a description of Jesus in all of his glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### "The angels of the seven churches" ##### +The Greek word translated as "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." It is possible this is a reference to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Revelation intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/01.md b/rev/02/01.md index e0000c915f..14ce74edad 100644 --- a/rev/02/01.md +++ b/rev/02/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:ephesus]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:hard]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Ephesus. -## translationNotes +# the angel -* **who claim themselves to be apostles** - AT: "who say they are apostles" +Possible meanings are 1) a heavenly angel who protects the church or 2) a human messenger to the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/19.md) + +# stars + +These stars are symbols. They represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# lampstands + +The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# I know ... your hard labor and your patient endurance + +"Labor" and "endurance" are abstract nouns and can be translated with verbs "work" and "endure." AT: "I know ... that you work very hard and that you endure patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but are not + +"but are not apostles" + +# you have found them to be false + +"you have recognized that those people are false apostles" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/03.md b/rev/02/03.md index 9428d81c14..4a5033280f 100644 --- a/rev/02/03.md +++ b/rev/02/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# because of my name -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +"because you believe in my name" or "because you believe in me" -## translationNotes +# you have not grown weary -* This continues the son of man's message to the believers in Ephesus. -* **first love** - This means "your original love for Christ." (See: [[[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **remove your lampstand** - Each lampstand represents a church of the seven churches. Refer to [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:19]]. (See: [[[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Being discouraged is spoken of as being tired. AT: "you have not become discouraged" or "you have not quit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have against you the fact that + +"I disapprove of you because" or "I am angry with you because" + +# you have left behind your first love + +To stop doing something is spoken of as leaving it behind. Love is spoken of as if it is an object that can be left behind. AT "you have stopped loving me as you did at the beginning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from where you have fallen + +No longer loving as much as they used to is spoken of as haven fallen. AT: "how much you have changed" or "how much you used to love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Unless you repent + +"If you do not repent" + +# remove your lampstand + +The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated "lampstand" in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/06.md b/rev/02/06.md index 4b3ec7abaa..9c507db145 100644 --- a/rev/02/06.md +++ b/rev/02/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Nicolaitans -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +people who followed the teachings of a man named Nicolaus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Let the one who has an ear listen -* This continues the son of man's message to believers in Ephesus. -* **Nicolaitans** - the people who followed the teachings of a man named Nicolaus. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **If you have an ear, listen** - spiritual ears. This means the person who can hear God and understand his message. -* **I will permit to eat** - "I will allow them to eat" +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who conquers + +This refers anyone who conquers. AT: "anyone who resists evil" or "those who do not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the paradise of God + +"God's garden." This is a symbol for heaven. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/08.md b/rev/02/08.md index 0f01a4b7e6..efdf290041 100644 --- a/rev/02/08.md +++ b/rev/02/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:slander]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Smyrna. -## translationNotes +# Smyrna -* **Smyrna** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:09]]. -* **the first and the last** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:17]]. +This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the first and the last + +This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I know your sufferings and your poverty + +"Sufferings" and "poverty" can be translated as verbs. AT: "I know how you have suffered and how poor you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I know the slander of those who say they are Jews + +"Slander" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I know how people have slandered you—those who say they are Jews" or "I know how people have said terrible things about you—those who say they are Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but they are not + +"but they are not real Jews" + +# a synagogue of Satan + +People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/10.md b/rev/02/10.md index 791990c330..70fd564ef4 100644 --- a/rev/02/10.md +++ b/rev/02/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The devil is about to throw some of you into prison -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:crown|crown]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:satan|Satan, devil, evil one]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:test|test]] +"The devil will soon cause others to put some of you in prison" -## translationNotes +# Be faithful until death -* **The devil is about to throw some of you into prison** - AT: "The devil will soon cause some of you to be in prison" -* **If you have an ear** - See translation in [[en:bible:notes:rev:02:06]]. +"Be faithful to me even if they kill you." The use of the word "until" does not mean that you should stop being faithful at death. + +# the crown + +"the winner's crown." This was a wreath, originally of olive branches or laurel leaves, that was put on the head of a victorious athlete. + +# the crown of life + +Possible meanings are 1) "a crown that shows that I have given you eternal life" or 2) "true life as a prize like a winner's crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let the one who has an ear + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The one who conquers + +This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "Anyone who resists evil" or "Those who do not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# will not be hurt by the second death + +"will not experience the second death" or "will not die a second time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/12.md b/rev/02/12.md index e3e9565a6c..072bb37a25 100644 --- a/rev/02/12.md +++ b/rev/02/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:faithful|faithful, faithfulness]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:satan|Satan, devil, evil one]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Pergamum. -## translationNotes +# Pergamum -* There are no notes for this chunk. +This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the sword with two sharp edges + +This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md) + +# Satan's throne + +Possible meanings are 1) Satan's power and evil influence on people, or 2) the place where Satan rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you hold on tightly to my name + +Firmly believing is spoken of as holding on tightly. AT: "you firmly believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you did not deny your faith in me + +"Faith" can be translated with the verb "believe." AT "you continued to tell people that you believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Antipas + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/14.md b/rev/02/14.md index 7009650784..d8fa40187d 100644 --- a/rev/02/14.md +++ b/rev/02/14.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But I have a few things against you -* [[en:tw:balaam]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock|stumbling block, stone of stumbling]] +"I disapprove of you because of a few things you have done" or "I am angry with you because of a few things you did." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:4](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# who hold tightly to the teaching of Balaam, who -* **Balak** - This is the name of a king. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **who taught Balak to throw a stumbling block before the children of Israel** - AT: "who showed Balak how to cause the people of Israel to sin" -* **eat food sacrificed to idols** - AT: "sacrifice food to idols and then eat it" (See: Active - Passive) -* **be sexually immoral** - AT: "sin sexually" or "commit sexual sin" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "who teach what Balaam taught; he" or 2) "who do what Balaam taught; he." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Balak + +This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who taught Balak to throw a stumbling block before the children of Israel + +Something that leads people to sin is spoken of as a stone in the road that people stumble on. AT: "who showed Balak how to cause the people of Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be sexually immoral + +"sin sexually" or "commit sexual sin" + +# Nicolaitans + +This was the name for a group of people who followed the teachings of a man named Nicolaus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:6](./06.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/16.md b/rev/02/16.md index 0067a73040..97ec8b845d 100644 --- a/rev/02/16.md +++ b/rev/02/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Repent, therefore -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:manna]] -* [[en:tw:manna|manna]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:repent|repent, repentance]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +"So repent" -## translationNotes +# If you do not, I -* **with the sword that comes out of my mouth ** - Refers to the "sword" in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:01:14]]. -* **If you have an ear ** - See translation in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:02:06]]. -* **To the one who conquers ** - AT: "To any person who is victorious" +The verb can be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "If you do not repent, I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# wage war against them + +"fight against them" + +# with the sword in my mouth + +This refers to the sword in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md). Although symbols in apocalyptic language are normally not to be translated, translators may choose whether or not to explain this symbol as a symbol of God's word, as the UDB does. This symbol indicates that Christ will defeat his enemies by giving a simple command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# Let the one who has an ear listen + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# To the one who conquers + +This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "anyone who resists evil" or "those who do not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/18.md b/rev/02/18.md index c7247537e1..6569e23e32 100644 --- a/rev/02/18.md +++ b/rev/02/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Thyatira. -## translationNotes +# Thyatira -* There are no notes for this chunk. +This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who has eyes like a flame of fire + +His eyes are describes as being full of light like a flame of fire. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:14](../01/14.md). AT: "whose eyes glow like a flame of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# feet like polished bronze + +Bronze is polished to make it shine and reflect light. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:15](../01/14.md). AT: "whose feet are very shiny like polished bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Your love and faith and service and your patient endurance + +These abstract nouns can be translated with verbs. AT: "How you have loved, trusted, served, and endured patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Your love and faith and service and your patient endurance + +The implied objects of these verbs can be stated clearly. AT: "How you have loved me and others, trusted me, served me and others, and endured troubles patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/20.md b/rev/02/20.md index 0b6b13139c..36bf2ec641 100644 --- a/rev/02/20.md +++ b/rev/02/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# But I have this against you -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:jezebel|Jezebel]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:repent|repent, repentance]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +"But I disapprove of some of the things you are doing" or "But I am angry with you because of something you are doing." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:4](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# the woman Jezebel, who -* **But I have this against you** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:02:03]]. +Jesus spoke of a certain woman in their church as if she were Queen Jezebel, because she did the same kinds of sinful things that Queen Jezebel had done long before that time. AT: "the woman who is just like Jezebel and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I gave her time to repent + +"I gave her opportunity to repent" or "I waited for her to repent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/22.md b/rev/02/22.md index 57578ece2d..06214cc93d 100644 --- a/rev/02/22.md +++ b/rev/02/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# I will throw her onto a sickbed ... into great suffering -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +Her having to lie in bed would be the result of Jesus making her very sick. AT: "I will make her lie sick in bed ... I will make suffer greatly" or "I will make her very sick ... I will make suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# those who commit adultery with her into great suffering -* **throw her into a sickbed** - AT: "I will make her sick" or "I will punish her with illness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **commit adultery** - "practice adultery" -* **they repent of what she has done** - AT: "they repent for being like her" -* **I will strike her children dead** - AT: "I will kill her children" -* **I am he who searches thoughts and desires** - AT: "I search thoughts and desires" or "I search minds and hearts" +Jesus speaks of causing people to suffer as throwing them into suffering. AT: "I will make those who commit adultery with her to suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# commit adultery + +"practice adultery" + +# unless they repent of her deeds + +This implies that they have participated with her in her wicked behavior. By repenting of her deeds, they also repent of participating in her behavior. AT: "if they do not repent from doing the evil that she does" or "if they do not repent of participating in her deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will strike her children dead + +"I will kill her children" + +# her children + +Jesus spoke of her followers as if they were her children. AT: 'her followers" or "the people who do what she teaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thoughts and hearts + +The term "heart" a metonym that represents feelings and desires. AT: "what people think and want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will give to each one of you + +This is an expression about punishment and reward. AT: "I will punish or reward each one of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/24.md b/rev/02/24.md index f8b4748335..2e757359ca 100644 --- a/rev/02/24.md +++ b/rev/02/24.md @@ -1,8 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# everyone who does not hold this teaching -* [[en:tw:burden]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +Believing a teaching is spoken of as holding the teaching. AT: "everyone who does not believe this teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# does not hold this teaching -* **the deep things of Satan** - AT: "the false practices of Satan" or "the lies of Satan" +The noun "teaching" can be translated as a verb. AT: "does not hold to what she teaches" or "does not believe what she teaches" + +# what some call the deep things of Satan + +Possible meanings are 1) those who called them the deep things understood that they were from Satan or 2) some people called them the deep things, but Jesus was saying that those things were really from Satan. AT: "the things of Satan, what some call the deep things" + +# the deep things of Satan + +"the deep things that Satan teaches" + +# deep things + +Secret things are spoken of as if they were deep. AT: "secret things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/26.md b/rev/02/26.md index 6bf47c5576..22a101b24b 100644 --- a/rev/02/26.md +++ b/rev/02/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who conquers -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "Anyone who resists evil" or "The person who does not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# He will rule ... break them into pieces -* **The one who conquers** - AT: "Any person who defeats" -* **I will also give him** - Here "him" refers to the one who conquers. -* **morning star** - This is a bright star that appears just before dawn. +This is a prophecy from the Old Testament about a king of Israel, but Jesus applied it here to those to whom he gives authority over the nations. + +# He will rule them with an iron rod + +Ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling with an iron rod. AT: "He will rule them harshly as if striking them with an iron stick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like clay jars he will break them into pieces + +Breaking them to pieces is an image that represents either 1) destroying evildoers or 2) defeating enemies. AT: "He will defeat his enemies completely as if breaking clay jars into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Just as I have received from my Father + +Some languages may need to tell what was received. Possible meanings are 1) "Just as I have received authority from my Father" or 2) "Just as I have received the morning star from my Father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I will also give him + +Here "him" refers to the one who conquers. + +# morning star + +This is a bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning just before dawn. It was a symbol of victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# Let the one who has an ear listen + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/intro.md b/rev/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6be7f268f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Revelation 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapters 2 and 3 together form a single unit. This section is usually referred to as the "seven letters to the seven churches." The translator may wish to set these letters apart from each other to clearly distinguish them. + +Some translations set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:27, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Poverty and wealth ##### +This chapter has a play on the two possible meanings of being poor and rich. The Ephesians were poor financially because they did not have a lot of money. They were not poor spiritually because of the great "riches" they had in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +##### "The devil is about to" ##### +The book of Revelation is about the things that Satan is going to do on earth. Despite this, it is ultimately about what God will do in the end to defeat Satan. + +##### Balaam, Balak and Jezebel ##### +These teachings of Balaam are difficult to fully understand if the books of Kings have not yet been translated. This is probably a reference to leading the people of Israel into immorality and the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Some scholars take chapter 2 and 3 as a metaphor. They understand these churches to refer to types of churches or historical periods of the church. It is best to translate this as instructions to ancient churches in each of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "If you have an ear, listen to what the Spirit says to the churches." ##### +This is a phrase which acts as a call to repentance for those in the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The angels of the seven churches" ##### + +The Greek word translated as "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." It is possible this is a reference to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. + +##### "These are the words of the one" ##### +This phrase, used to introduce these letters is probably a reference to Jesus. Each letter then describes an aspect of Jesus which is significant for the rest of the letter. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/01.md b/rev/03/01.md index da32c35cdf..3498c63a02 100644 --- a/rev/03/01.md +++ b/rev/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Sardis. -## translationNotes +# Sardis -* **The words of** - "These are the words of" -* **I have not found your deeds complete** - "I have determined that your actions are not adequate" +This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the seven spirits + +The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the seven stars + +These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# alive ... dead + +Obeying and honoring God is spoken of as being alive; disobeying and dishonoring him is spoken of as being dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wake up and strengthen what remains, but is about to die + +The good deeds done by the believers in Sardis are spoken of as if they were alive but in danger of dying. AT: "Wake up and complete the work that remains, or what you have done will become worthless" or "Wake up. If you do not finish what you have started to do, your previous work will have been useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wake up + +Being alert to danger is spoken of as waking up. AT: "Be alert" or "Be careful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/03.md b/rev/03/03.md index d054ae97e3..7acbcf055b 100644 --- a/rev/03/03.md +++ b/rev/03/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# what you have received and heard -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:receive|receive]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:repent|repent, repentance]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:walk|walk]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:worthy|worthy, worth, unworthy]] +This refers to God's word, which they believed. AT: "God's word that you heard and the truth that you believed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# if you do not wake up -* **wake up** - This expression means they should start acting correctly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will come as a thief** - Jesus will come at an unexpected time, just as a thief is not expected. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **did not make their clothes dirty** - Dirty clothes represent sin in their lives. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **dressed in white** - White clothes represent a pure life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Being alert to danger is spoken of as waking up. See how you translated "wake up" on [Revelation 3:2](./01.md). AT: "If you are not alert" or "If you are not careful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will come as a thief + +Jesus will come at a time when people do not expect him, just as a thief comes when not expected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a few names of the people + +This refers to the people themselves. AT: "a few people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# did not make their clothes dirty + +Jesus speaks of sin in a person's life as if it were dirty clothes. AT: "have not made their lives sinful like dirty clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will walk with me + +People commonly spoke of living as "walking." AT: "will live with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dressed in white + +White clothes represent a pure life without sin. AT: "and they will be dressed in white, which shows that they are pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/05.md b/rev/03/05.md index e42b7531fd..557873bdcf 100644 --- a/rev/03/05.md +++ b/rev/03/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who conquers -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bookoflife]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Anyone who resists evil" or "Anyone who does not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## translationNotes +# will be clothed in white garments -* **the one who conquers** - AT: "Any person who defeats" -* **clothed in white garments** - White clothes represent a pure life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **wipe his name out of the book of life** - Removing a person's name from the book represents removing the person from life. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **If you have an ear……the churches ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:03:07]]. +This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "will wear white garments" or "I will give white clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will speak his name + +He would not simply say the person's name, but announce that the person belongs to him. AT: "I will announce that he belongs to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before my Father + +"in the presence of my Father" + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Let the one who has an ear listen + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/07.md b/rev/03/07.md index 71a302005d..fd4459ffc1 100644 --- a/rev/03/07.md +++ b/rev/03/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Philadelphia. -## translationNotes +# Philadelphia -* **key of David** - The "key" represents spiritual authority or power. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **open door** - This represents an opportunity to serve God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **have not denied** - TA: "have acknowledged" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **my name** - "me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# key of David + +Jesus speaks of his authority to decide who may go into his kingdom as if it were King David's key. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# he opens and no one shuts + +"he opens the door to the kingdom and no one can close it" + +# he shuts and no one can open + +"he closes the door and no one can open it" + +# I have put before you an open door + +"I have opened a door for you" + +# my name + +The word "name" is often used to refer to the person who has that name. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/09.md b/rev/03/09.md index 1c0ef70c74..50c65fdbbe 100644 --- a/rev/03/09.md +++ b/rev/03/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# synagogue of Satan -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:synagogue]] -* [[en:tw:test]] +People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were in a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:9](../02/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# bow down -* **synagogue of Satan ... Jews but are not** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:02:08]]. -* **bow down** - This is a sign of submission, not worship. -* **before your feet** - AT: "before you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **to test those** - AT: "that will test those" -* **Hold tight** - AT: "Continue to believe" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is a sign of submission, not worship. AT: "bow down in submission" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# before your feet + +Here the word "feet" represent the person before whom these people bow down. AT: "before you" or "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they will come to know + +"they will learn" or "they will admit" + +# will also keep you from the hour of testing + +"will also prevent the hour of testing from happening to you" or "will protect you so you do not enter the hour of testing" + +# hour of testing + +"time of testing." This probably means "the time when people try to make you disobey me." + +# is coming + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am coming soon + +It is understood that he is coming in order to judge. AT: "I am coming to judge soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Hold tight to what you have + +Continuing to believe firmly in Christ is spoken of as if it were holding something tightly. AT: "Continue to believe firmly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crown + +A crown was a wreath, originally of olive branches or laurel leaves, that was put on the head of a victorious athlete. Here "crown" stands for a reward. See how you translated "crown" in [Revelation 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/12.md b/rev/03/12.md index 1653c7a647..bbc3f0f70e 100644 --- a/rev/03/12.md +++ b/rev/03/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The one who conquers, I will make like a pillar in the temple of my God -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pillar|pillar, column]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] +Here "The one who conquers" refers to anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). The "pillar" represents an important and permanent part of God's kingdom. AT: "Anyone who resists evil to be strong like a pillar in the temple of my God" or "Those who do not agree to do evil to be strong like a pillar in the temple of my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Let the one who has an ear -* **the one who conquers** - AT: "Any person who defeats" -* **pillar in the temple of my God** - The "pillar" represents becoming an important and permanent part of God's kingdom. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/14.md b/rev/03/14.md index d95c6ee1e8..b27af33165 100644 --- a/rev/03/14.md +++ b/rev/03/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:amen|amen, truly]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Laodicea. -## translationNotes +# Laodicea -* **The words of the Amen ** - AT: "These are the words of the one who is called the Amen" -* **cold nor hot** - This represents two extremes of spiritual interest. To be "cold" is to be completely against God, and to be "hot" is to be zealous to serve him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lukewarm** - "slightly warm." This describes someone who has only a small amount of spiritual interest or conviction. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the words of the Amen + +Here "the Amen" is a name for Jesus Christ. He guarantees God's promises by saying amen to them. + +# the ruler over God's creation + +Possible meanings are 1) "the one who rules over everything that God created" or 2) "the one through whom God created everything." + +# you are neither cold nor hot + +"Cold" and hot" represent two extremes of spiritual interest or love for God. To be "cold" is to be completely against God, and to be "hot" is to be zealous to serve him. AT: "you are like water that is neither cold nor hot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lukewarm + +"slightly warm." This describes someone who has only a small amount of spiritual interest or conviction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am about to vomit you out of my mouth + +Rejecting them is spoken of as vomiting them out of the mouth. AT: "I will reject you as I would spit out lukewarm water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/17.md b/rev/03/17.md index e69826b3e5..aae6554204 100644 --- a/rev/03/17.md +++ b/rev/03/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# you are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] +Jesus speaks of their spiritual condition as if he were speaking about their physical condition. AT: "You are like people who are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Buy from me gold refined by fire -* **most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind and naked** - These terms refer to a person who is in very bad spiritual condition, but does not know they their situation is so bad. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **become rich** - This refers to becoming spiritually clean and having a good relationship with God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **brilliant white garments** - White garments represent spiritual purity. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Gold that is refined in fire is pure and very valuable. Here the salvation that Jesus offers mankind is spoken of as if it were gold. AT: "Receive from me what is really most valuable, as if it were gold refined by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may become rich + +This refers to spiritual wealth, living a life that is most valuable in God's sight. AT: "may be spiritually rich" or "may live a most valuable life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brilliant white garments + +White garments represent righteousness. AT: "righteousness, like white garments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so you will see + +Seeing stands for understanding the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/19.md b/rev/03/19.md index 755ceacd78..ef8b8f4e11 100644 --- a/rev/03/19.md +++ b/rev/03/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# be earnest and repent -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +"be serious and repent" -## translationNotes +# I am standing at the door and am knocking -* **be earnest and repent** - "be serious and repent" -* **I stand at the door and knock** - The "door" represents our life, or soul, that Christ wants to enter. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **hears my voice** - The "voice" represents Christ's call. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **opens the door ** - This represents the decision to welcome and invite Christ in. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **have a meal with him** - This represents relationship, friendship, fellowship. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Jesus speaks about wanting people to relate to him as if he wanted them to invite him into their home. AT: "I am like one standing at the door and knocking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# am knocking + +When people want someone to welcome them into their home, they knock on the door. AT: "I want you to let me come inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# hears my voice + +The phrase "my voice" refers to Christ speaking. AT: "hears me speak" or "hears me call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will come into his home + +Some languages might prefer the verb "go" here. AT: "I will go in to his home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# and will eat with him + +This represents being together as friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/21.md b/rev/03/21.md index 42d01110be..e09efab8d7 100644 --- a/rev/03/21.md +++ b/rev/03/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather|God the Father, Heavenly Father]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] +This is the end of the Son of Man's messages to the angels of the seven churches. -## translationNotes +# The one who conquers -* **The one who conquers** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:02:06]]. AT: "Any person who defeats". -* **sit down with me on my throne** - To sit on a throne means to rule. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **If you have an ear ** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:02:06]]. +This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Anyone who resists evil" or "Anyone who does not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# to sit down with me on my throne + +To sit on a throne means to rule. AT: "to rule with me" or "to sit down on my throne and rule with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Let the one who has an ear listen + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/intro.md b/rev/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dfe0e1b906 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Revelation 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapters 2 and 3 form a single unit. This section is usually referred to as the "seven letters to the seven churches." The translator may wish to set these letters apart from each other to clearly distinguish them from each other. + +Some translations set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:7, which is a reference to the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seven spirits of God ##### +The exact meaning of this phrase is unclear. It is possibly a reference to the Holy Spirit with the number seven symbolizing "completeness." It may also be a reference to the seven spirits surrounding the throne of God. It should be unnecessary to specifically define it in translation. + +##### Seven stars ##### +These are probably a reference to the leaders of the churches. (See: [Revelation 1:20](../01/19.md)) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Some scholars take chapter 2 and 3 as a metaphor. They understand these churches to refer to types of churches or historical periods of the church. It is best to translate this as instructions to ancient churches in each of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +The phrase "Look, I stand at the door and knock" is another extended metaphor describing Jesus' readiness and willingness to accept anyone who repents and believes in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### "If you have an ear, listen to what the Spirit says to the churches." ##### +This is a phrase which acts as a call to repentance for those in the church. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The angels of the seven churches" ##### + +The Greek word translated as "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." This is possibly a reference to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/01.md b/rev/04/01.md index 707f449122..90388ad56f 100644 --- a/rev/04/01.md +++ b/rev/04/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +John begins to describe his vision of the throne of God. -## translationNotes +# After these things -* **after these things** - after what John saw after Jesus spoke to the seven churches ([[:en:bible:notes:rev:02:01]]). -* **that a door had opened to heaven ** - AT: "an entrance to heaven" -* **jasper and carnelian** - semi-precious stones. We are uncertain what specific colors they are. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **rainbow** - the colors people can see when the sun shines behind them and rain is falling in front of them -* **emerald** - a green semi-precious stone +"After I had just seen these things" ([Revelation 2:1-3:22](../02/01.md)) + +# an open door in heaven + +This expression stands for the ability that God gave John to see into heaven, at least by means of a vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# speaking to me like a trumpet + +How the voice was like a trumpet can be stated clearly. AT: "speaking to me loudly like the sound of a trumpet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# trumpet + +This refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:10](../01/09.md). + +# I was in the Spirit + +John speaks of being influenced by God's Spirit as if he were in the Spirit. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:10](../01/09.md). AT: "I was influenced by the Spirit" or "The Spirit influenced me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# jasper and carnelian + +valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal, and carnelian may have been red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# emerald + +a green, valuable stone (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/04.md b/rev/04/04.md index d5cf06d5cf..7301f23a84 100644 --- a/rev/04/04.md +++ b/rev/04/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-four elders -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:clothed|clothe, clothed]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand|lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"24 elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# golden crowns -* **bolts of lightning** - Use your language's word for what lightning looks like each time it appears. -* **rumblings, and crashes of thunder** - "sounds like thunder makes" +These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Such crowns, made of leaves, were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. + +# flashes of lightning + +Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears. + +# rumblings, and crashes of thunder + +These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder. + +# seven spirits of God + +The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/06.md b/rev/04/06.md index e8f3977a5e..f3d1ce2101 100644 --- a/rev/04/06.md +++ b/rev/04/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a sea of glass -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are 1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. AT: "a sea that was as smooth as glass" or 2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. AT: "glass that was spread out like a sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# like crystal +How it was like crystal can be stated clearly. AT: "clear as crystal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# In the middle of the throne and around the throne + +"Immediately around the throne" or "Close to the throne and around it" + +# four living creatures + +"four living beings" or "four living things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/07.md b/rev/04/07.md index 45bb24180d..0b3ae708ac 100644 --- a/rev/04/07.md +++ b/rev/04/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The first living creature was like a lion, the second living creature was like a calf, the third living creature had a face like a man, and the fourth living creature was like a flying eagle -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +How the head of each living creature appeared to John is expressed as a comparison with something more familiar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# living creature -* **who was, and who is, and who is to come** - God is present at all times. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"living being" or "living thing." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](./06.md) + +# full of eyes on top and underneath + +The top and bottom of each wing was covered with eyes. + +# who is to come + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/09.md b/rev/04/09.md index a98ddcee06..6fee1f1715 100644 --- a/rev/04/09.md +++ b/rev/04/09.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the one who was seated on the throne, the one who lives forever and ever -* [[en:tw:bow]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +This is one person. The one who was seated on the throne lives forever and ever. -## translationNotes +# forever and ever -* **forever and ever** - These two words share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis.(See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **our Lord and our God** - the speakers, but not the hearer (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **they existed and were created** - The words “existed” and “created” share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. +These two words mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# twenty-four elders + +"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# prostrated themselves + +They lay down facing the ground. + +# they threw down their crowns before the throne + +These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. The elders were showing that they were submitting to God's authority to rule. AT: "they threw down their crowns before the throne to show that they were submitting to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# our Lord and our God + +"our Lord and God." This is one person, the one who was sitting on the throne. + +# to receive glory and honor and power + +These are things that God always has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. AT: "to be praised for your glory, honor, and power" or "for everyone to praise you because you are glorious, honorable, and powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/intro.md b/rev/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f90197aeb --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Revelation 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations set apart the sayings of the four living creatures ([Revelation 4:8](./07.md)) and the twenty-four elders ([Revelation 4:11](./09.md)). This is typically done through the use of indentation. + +This chapter begins the remainder of the book of Revelation and it is markedly different than the first three chapters. It now describes an unfolding image John sees in his vision. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Glory ##### +The whole of this chapter is an image describing a scene in heaven where everything constantly gives glory to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### +The description of the person sitting on the throne contains many similes. Many cultures do not have these specific gem stones and it is possible that these have symbolic significance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Difficult images ##### +There are many images that may appear difficult or impossible. For example, bolts of lighting coming from the throne, lamps that are the seven spirits of God or a sea in front of the throne. It is best to allow these difficulties to remain in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/01.md b/rev/05/01.md index 3d620ff674..7ebd5590c2 100644 --- a/rev/05/01.md +++ b/rev/05/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +John continues to describe what he saw in his vision of the throne of God. -## translationNotes +# Then I saw -* There are no notes for this chunk. +"After I saw those things, I saw" + +# the one who was seated on the throne + +This is the same "one" as in [Revelation 4:2-3](../04/01.md). + +# a scroll written on the front and on the back + +"a scroll with writing on the front and the back" + +# sealed with seven seals + +"and it had seven seals keeping it closed" + +# Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals? + +The person would need to break the seals in order to open the scroll. AT: "Who is worthy to break the seals and open the scroll?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals? + +This can be translated as a command: "The one who is worthy to do this should come to break the seals and open the scroll!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/03.md b/rev/05/03.md index d930f16a6b..f7d50e897d 100644 --- a/rev/05/03.md +++ b/rev/05/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# in heaven or on the earth or under the earth -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +This means everywhere: the place where God and the angels live, the place where people and animals live, and the place where those who have died are. AT: "anywhere in heaven or on the earth or under the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# Look -* **Root of David ** - AT: "descendant and heir of King David" (UDB) +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# The Lion of the tribe of Judah + +This is a title for the man from the tribe of Judah that God had promised would be the great king. AT: "The one who is called the Lion of the tribe of Judah" or "The king who is called the Lion of the tribe of Judah" + +# The Lion + +The king is spoken of as if he were a lion because a lion is very strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Root of David + +This is a title for the descendant of David that God had promised would be the great king. AT: "the one who is called the Root of David" + +# the Root of David + +The descendant is spoken of as if David's family were a tree and he were a root of that tree. AT: "the Descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/06.md b/rev/05/06.md index 4b483e6d5e..f6a2f4153f 100644 --- a/rev/05/06.md +++ b/rev/05/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +The Lamb appears in the throne room. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# a Lamb -* There are no notes for this chunk. +A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# seven spirits of God + +The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# sent out over all the earth + +This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "that God sent out over all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He went + +He approached the throne. Some languages would use the verb "come." AT: "He came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/08.md b/rev/05/08.md index 62d0381f9f..c921564159 100644 --- a/rev/05/08.md +++ b/rev/05/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the Lamb -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] +This is a young male sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# twenty-four elders -* **When he took the scroll** - The word "he' here refers to the lamb. +"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# prostrated themselves + +"lay down on the ground." Their faces were toward the ground. + +# Each of them + +Possible meanings are 1) "each of the elders and living creatures" or 2) "each of the elders." + +# a golden bowl full of incense, which is the prayers of the believers + +The incense here is a symbol for the believers' prayers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/09.md b/rev/05/09.md index 3dc4de20d2..bfb03d2beb 100644 --- a/rev/05/09.md +++ b/rev/05/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For you were slaughtered -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For they slaughtered you" or "For people killed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# slaughtered -* **They** - The word "They" here refers to the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders. -* **For you were slaughtered - ** - ** AT: "For they killed you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +If your language has a word for killing an animal for a sacrifice, consider using it here. + +# with your blood + +Since blood represents a person's life, losing the blood represents dying. This probably means "by your death" or "by dying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you purchased people for God + +"you bought people so that they could belong to God" or "you paid the price so that people could belong to God" + +# from every tribe, language, people, and nation + +This means that people from every ethnic group are included. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/11.md b/rev/05/11.md index 3bbe9cc89c..69ee5498b7 100644 --- a/rev/05/11.md +++ b/rev/05/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# ten thousands of ten thousands and thousands of thousands -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] +Use an expression in your language that shows that it is a huge number. AT: "millions" or "too many thousands to count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# Worthy is the Lamb who has been slaughtered -* **200,000,000** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"The Lamb who has been slaughtered is worthy" + +# to receive power, wealth, wisdom, strength, honor, glory, and praise + +These are all things that the Lamb has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Revelation 4:11](../04/09.md). AT: "for everyone to honor, glorify, and praise him because he is powerful, wealthy, wise, and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/13.md b/rev/05/13.md index 73721d92d2..bd3bc10cdd 100644 --- a/rev/05/13.md +++ b/rev/05/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# in heaven and on the earth and under the earth -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:amen|amen, truly]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creation|create, creation, Creator]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +This means everywhere: the place where God and the angels live, the place where people and animals live, and the place where those who have died are. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## translationNotes +# To the one who sits on the throne and to the Lamb, be -* There are no notes for this chunk. +"May he who sits on the throne and the Lamb have" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/intro.md b/rev/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0732e1c98b --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Revelation 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations set apart the songs in [Revelation 5:9-10](./09.md), [Revelation 5:12](./11.md) and [Revelation 5:13](./13.md). This is typically done through the use of indentation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sealed scroll ##### +A sealed scroll contains a written message hidden and waiting to be read. The scroll can only be read by the person with the authority to open it. + +##### Twenty-four elders ##### +This is probably a reference to church leaders, but the identity of the twenty-four elders is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Christian prayers ##### +The prayers of Christians are connected with incense. Christian prayers have a good smell to God. He is pleased when Christians pray. + +##### Seven spirits of God ##### + +The exact meaning of this phrase is unclear. It is possibly a symbolic reference to the Holy Spirit with the number seven symbolizing "completeness." It may also not be symbolic, and reference seven spirits surrounding the throne of God. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The "Lion of the tribe of Judah" and the "Root of David" are references to Jesus. They are metaphors and they function as titles for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/01.md b/rev/06/01.md index f8c0594953..74110f11ec 100644 --- a/rev/06/01.md +++ b/rev/06/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +John continues to describe the events that happened before the throne of God. The Lamb begins to open the seals on the scroll. -## translationNotes +# Come! -* **I** - All of the "I's" here refer to John, the author. -* **opened one of the seven seals** - opened seal number one of the seven seals +This is a command to one person, apparently the rider of the white horse who is spoken of in verse 2. + +# he was given a crown + +This kind of crown was a likeness of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, probably hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "he received a crown" or "God gave him a crown (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a crown + +This was a wreath of olive branches or of laurel leaves like the wreaths that winning athletes received in contests at the time of John. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/03.md b/rev/06/03.md index dd9f58106d..447211906d 100644 --- a/rev/06/03.md +++ b/rev/06/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the second seal -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +"the next seal" or "seal number two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the second living creature -* ** opened the second seal ** - opened seal number two -* **fiery red** - AT: "bright red" -* **its rider was given permission** - AT:" God gave permission to its rider…" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the next living creature" or "living creature number two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# came out—fiery red + +This can the stated as a second sentence. AT: "came out. It was red like fire" or "came out. It was bright red" + +# To its rider was given permission + +This can be stated with an active verb. AT: "God gave permission to its rider" or "Its rider received person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This rider was given a huge sword + +This can be stated with an active verb. AT: "This rider received a huge sword" or "God gave this rider a huge sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# huge + +"very large" or "great" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/05.md b/rev/06/05.md index e9a494a7c7..145ea298e0 100644 --- a/rev/06/05.md +++ b/rev/06/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the third seal -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:grain|grain]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:oil|oil]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wheat|wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] +"the next seal" or "seal number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the third living creature -* ** opened the third seal ** - opened seal number three -* **choenix ** - This refers to a specific measure that is about one liter. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **a measure of wheat** - This refers to a specific measure that was equal to one liter. (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **one denarius** - This coin was worth a day's wages.(See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +"the next living creature" or "living creature number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# a pair of scales + +a tool used for weighing things + +# A choenix of wheat for one denarius + +Some languages might want a verb such as "cost" or "buy" in the sentence. There was very little wheat for all the people, so its price was very high. AT: "A choenix of wheat now costs one denarius" or "Buy a choenix of wheat with one denarius" + +# A choenix of wheat ... three choenices of barley + +a "choenix" was a specific measure that was about one liter. The plural of "choenix" is "choenices." AT: "one liter of wheat ... three liters of barley" or "one bowl of wheat ... three bowls of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# one denarius + +This coin was worth a day's wages. AT: "one silver coin" or "the pay for one day of work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# But do not harm the oil and the wine + +If the oil and wine were harmed, there would be less of them for people to buy, and their prices would go up. + +# the oil and the wine + +These expressions probably stand for the olive oil harvest and the grape harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/07.md b/rev/06/07.md index b21d8a035e..4fc71281f7 100644 --- a/rev/06/07.md +++ b/rev/06/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# the fourth seal -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:famine|famine]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] +"the next seal" or "seal number four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the fourth living creature -* There are no notes for this chunk. +"the next living creature" or "living creature number four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# pale + +"grey." This is the color of a dead body, so its color is a symbol of death. + +# one-fourth of the earth + +Here "the earth" represents the people of the earth. AT: "one-fourth of the people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# the sword + +A sword is a weapon, and here it represents war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with the wild animals of the earth + +This means that Death and Hades would cause the wild animals to attack and kill people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/09.md b/rev/06/09.md index 49eb26c7ca..e736f6b9e0 100644 --- a/rev/06/09.md +++ b/rev/06/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the fifth seal -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"the next seal" or "seal number five" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# under the altar -* **they held with conviction ** - AT: "they firmly believed" or "they strongly believed" +This may have been "at the base of the altar." + +# those who had been killed + +This can be translated with an active verb. AT "those whom others had killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because of the word of God and the testimony which they held + +The word "held" here is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) holding the testimony refers to believing God's word and testimony. AT: "because they believed the word of God, which is his testimony" or 2) holding the testimony refers to testifying about the word of God. AT: "because they testified about the word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# avenge our blood + +The word blood here represents their deaths. AT: "punish those who killed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until the full number ... were to be killed + +This implies that God had decided that a certain number of people should be killed by their enemies. + +# their fellow servants and their brothers and sisters + +This is one group of people described in two ways: as servants and as brothers and sisters. AT: "their brothers and sisters who serve God with them" or "their fellow believers who serve God with them" + +# brothers and sisters + +Christians are often spoken of as being one another's brothers and sisters. AT: "fellow Christians" or "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/12.md b/rev/06/12.md index 30e4192b0a..8b2b73d536 100644 --- a/rev/06/12.md +++ b/rev/06/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the sixth seal -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:fig|fig]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:scroll|scroll]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] +"the next seal" or "seal number six" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# as black as sackcloth -* **The sun became as black as sackcloth** - the sun became very dark. +Sometimes sackcloth was made of black hair. People would wear sackcloth when they were mourning. The image of sackcloth is meant to lead people to think of death and mourning. AT: "as black as mourning clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like blood + +The image of blood is meant to lead people to think of death. How it was like blood can be stated clearly. AT: "red like blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# just as a fig tree drops its unripe fruit when shaken by a stormy wind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as a stormy wind shakes a fig tree and causes it to drop its unripe fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The sky vanished like a scroll that was being rolled up + +The sky was normally thought of as being strong like a sheet of metal, but now it was weak like a sheet of paper and easily torn and rolled up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/15.md b/rev/06/15.md index 3679b562f8..efa91202c1 100644 --- a/rev/06/15.md +++ b/rev/06/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the generals -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This word refers to the warriors who command in the battle. -## translationNotes +# caves -* **and the generals** - This word refers to the warriors who command in the battle, -* **hid in caves ** - AT: "hid in a large hole in the side of a hill" or "hid in a hole dug in the ground" -* ** face of him ** - The pronoun "him" refers to God. +large holes in the sides of hills + +# the face of the one + +This refers to God. They did not want God to see them and punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# face + +Here "face" is used for the idea of "presence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the great day of their wrath has come + +The day of their wrath refers to the time when they would punish wicked people. AT: "this is the terrible time when they will punish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has come + +Existing now is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their wrath + +"Their" refers to the one on the throne and the Lamb. + +# Who is able to stand? + +Surviving, or staying alive, is spoken of as standing. This question is used to express their great sadness and fear that no one will be able to survive when God punishes them. AT: "No one can survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/intro.md b/rev/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdf5c9b9d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Revelation 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The image of the wrath of God in this chapter is intended to produce fear in those who hear these words. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seven Seals ##### +There is disagreement over how these seals are attached to the scroll. It would be logical if they were all side-by-side but the scroll would only have revealed its contents after the last seal is broken. This is not how this chapter describes the scroll because each seal reveals a judgment. It is also commonly believed that the absent seventh seal uncovers the seven trumpet judgments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Price Increases ##### +The prices of some things people will suddenly increase. People will not be able to afford the things they need to live. This is usually called "inflation." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### The Lamb ##### +This is a reference to Jesus. In this chapter, it also functions as a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Similes ##### +The author uses many different similes. This is because he is attempting to describe the image he sees in the vision. Therefore, he compares the images in this vision to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/01.md b/rev/07/01.md index 8850b01469..9c26236842 100644 --- a/rev/07/01.md +++ b/rev/07/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:seal|seal, to seal]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +John begins to describe a vision of 144,000 servants of God who become marked with seals. Their marking takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal. -## translationNotes +# the four corners of the earth -* There are no notes for this chunk. +The earth is spoken of as if it were flat and square like a sheet of paper. The phrase "the four corners" refers to the north, south, east, and west. + +# the seal of the living God + +The word "seal" here refers to a tool that is used to press a mark onto a wax seal. In this case the tool would be used to put a mark on God's people. AT: "the marker" or "stamp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# put a seal on the foreheads + +The word "seal" here refers to a mark. This mark shows that the people belong to God and that he will protect them. AT: "put a mark on the foreheads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# foreheads + +The forehead is the top of the face, above the eyes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/04.md b/rev/07/04.md index 470b8f1f53..5c05d7fc4a 100644 --- a/rev/07/04.md +++ b/rev/07/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# those who were sealed -* [[en:tw:asher]] -* [[en:tw:asher|Asher]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:gad]] -* [[en:tw:gad|Gad]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:manasseh|Manasseh]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:naphtali|Naphtali]] -* [[en:tw:reuben]] -* [[en:tw:reuben|Reuben]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +This can be stated with an active verb. AT: "those whom God's angel marked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# 144,000 -* **who were sealed** - AT: "who had the the mark of God upon them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **twelve thousand** - 12, 000 in each tribe (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **144,000** - These are the twelve groups of 12,000 from each tribe. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **every tribe of the people of Israel ** - There were twelve tribes in Israel, each named for one of Jacob's sons. +"one hundred forty-four thousand people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# twelve thousand from the tribe + +"12,000 people from the tribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/07.md b/rev/07/07.md index 22dad80091..2180d74f80 100644 --- a/rev/07/07.md +++ b/rev/07/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:issachar]] -* [[en:tw:issachar|Issachar]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:josephot|Joseph (OT)]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:levite|Levite, Levi]] -* [[en:tw:simeon]] -* [[en:tw:simeon|Simeon]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun]] -* [[en:tw:zebulun|Zebulun]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the selection from the tribe of Israel. +This continues the list of the people of Israel who were sealed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/09.md b/rev/07/09.md index 74762da976..eba016c6b2 100644 --- a/rev/07/09.md +++ b/rev/07/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] +John begins to describe a second vision about a multitude praising God. This is a different group of people than the 144,000 people who become marked with seals. This vision also takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal. -## translationNotes +# a huge multitude -* **standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb** - AT: "standing in front of the throne and the Lamb" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **white robes** - Here the color "white" represents purity. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Salvation belongs ... to the Lamb** - AT: "Our God, who sits on the throne, and the Lamb, saved us" or "Salvation comes from our God who sits on the throne, and from the Lamb" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]) +"a huge crowd" or "a great number of people" + +# white robes + +Here the color "white" represents purity. + +# Salvation belongs to + +"Salvation comes from" + +# Salvation belongs ... to the Lamb + +They were praising God and the Lamb. The noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verb "save." AT "Our God, who sits on the throne, and the Lamb have saved us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/11.md b/rev/07/11.md index fd64a2ff84..6ae98abb27 100644 --- a/rev/07/11.md +++ b/rev/07/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the four living creatures -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +These are the four creatures mentioned in [Revelation 4:6-8](../04/06.md). -## translationNotes +# they prostrated themselves on their faces -* **All the angels ... living creatures** - AT: "All the angels stood around the throne and the elders and the four living creatures" -* **the four living creatures** - These are the four creatures mentioned in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:04:06]]. -* **Praise, glory ... be to our God** - AT: "Our God is worthy of all praise, glory, wisdom, thanks, honor, power and strength" -* **forever and ever** - These two words are combined for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +They lay down facing the ground. See how you translated a similar expression in [Revelation 4:10](../04/09.md). + +# Praise, glory ... be to our God + +"Our God is worthy of all praise, glory, wisdom, thanks, honor, power and strength" + +# Praise, glory ... thanksgiving, honor ... be to our God + +The verb "give" can be used to show how praise, glory, and honor, are to be "to" God. AT: "We must give praise, glory, thanks, and honor to our God" + +# forever and ever + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the praise will never end. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/13.md b/rev/07/13.md index 524d1d15a9..fd4ab8bd22 100644 --- a/rev/07/13.md +++ b/rev/07/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# clothed with white robes -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord]] -* [[en:tw:tribulation]] +These white robes showed that they were righteous. -## translationNotes +# have come out of the great tribulation -* **They have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb ** - The color "white" represents purity, and "blood" is compared to water, which usually makes things clean. Purity is achieved by being "washed" or covered by Christ's blood. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"have survived the great tribulation" or "have lived through the great tribulation" + +# the great tribulation + +"the time of terrible suffering" or "the time when people will suffer terribly" + +# They have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb + +Being made righteous by the blood of the Lamb is spoken of as washing their robes in his blood. AT: "They have been made righteous by washing their robes white in his blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blood of the Lamb + +The word "blood" is used to refer to the death of Lamb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/15.md b/rev/07/15.md index 1c20e8352c..becc0f1770 100644 --- a/rev/07/15.md +++ b/rev/07/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The elder continues to speak to John. -## translationNotes +# they ... them ... their -* **they, them, their** - All of these pronouns refer to those who have come through the Great Tribulation. -* **The sun will not beat down** - This means the sun will no longer cause the people to suffer because of the heat. +All of these refer to those people who have come through the Great Tribulation. + +# day and night + +These two parts of the day are used together to mean "all the time" or "without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# will spread his tent over them + +"will put his tent up over them." Protecting them is spoken of as if he were giving them shelter to live under. AT: "will shelter them" or "will protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The sun will not beat down + +The sun's heat is compared to punishment that causes people to suffer. AT: "The sun will not burn them" or "The sun will not make them weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Lamb in the middle of the throne + +"the Lamb, who is standing in the middle of the area around the throne," or "the Lamb is who is at the throne" + +# For the Lamb ... will be their shepherd + +The elder speaks of the Lamb's care for his people as if it were a shepherd's care for his sheep. AT: "For the Lamb ... will be like a shepherd to them" or "For the Lamb ... will care for them as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will guide them to springs of living water + +The elder speaks of what gives life as if it were springs of fresh water. AT: "he will guide them like a shepherd guiding his sheep to fresh water" or "he will guide them to life like a shepherd guiding his sheep to living water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God will wipe away every tear from their eyes + +Tears here represent sadness. AT: "God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears" or "God will cause them to not be sad anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/intro.md b/rev/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..219ce51045 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Revelation 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many scholars believe the first half of this chapter is about a great revival among the Israelites, in which 144,000 people will come to believe in Jesus. The second half of this chapter tells about a great revival among the Gentiles, in which countless Gentiles will come to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +The ULB has set apart 7:5-8 and 7:15-17 through the use of indentation. These passages are extended prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worship ##### +The people in this chapter respond to these events with repentance and worship. This is the proper response to the information contained in this book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]]) + +##### The Great Tribulation ##### +This is a period when the people of the earth will be greatly punished by God. There is some disagreement about this period but many scholars believe it is a reference to the last half of the seven years of tribulation prophesied in Revelation 4-19 and in the rest of Scripture. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### The Lamb ##### +This is a reference to Jesus. In this chapter, it also functions as a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/01.md b/rev/08/01.md index 8c0b672b4b..d680859a9c 100644 --- a/rev/08/01.md +++ b/rev/08/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:seal|seal, to seal]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] +The Lamb opens the seventh seal. -## translationNotes +# the seventh seal -* **seven trumpets were given to them** - Possible meanings: 1) God gave them seven trumpets or 2) the Lamb gave them seven trumpets. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is the last of the seven seals on the scroll. AT: "the next seal" or "the final seal" or "seal number seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# seven trumpets were given to them + +They were each given one trumpet. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "God gave them seven trumpets" or 2) "the Lamb gave them seven trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/03.md b/rev/08/03.md index 36a9c653a6..8d731ff0b3 100644 --- a/rev/08/03.md +++ b/rev/08/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he would offer it -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"he would offer the incense to God by burning it" -## translationNotes +# the angel's hand -* There are no notes for this chunk. +This refers to the bowl in the angel's hand. AT: "the bowl in the angel's hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# filled it with fire + +The word "fire" here probably refers to burning coals. AT: "filled it with burning coals" or "filled it with coals of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/06.md b/rev/08/06.md index 322ff6d796..8679b1db9a 100644 --- a/rev/08/06.md +++ b/rev/08/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +The seven angels sound the seven trumpets, one at a time. -## translationNotes +# It was thrown down onto the earth -* **It was thrown down onto the earth** - AT: "The angel threw it down onto the earth." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a third of it was burned up, a third of the trees was burned up, and all green grass was burned up** - AT: "it burned up a third of the earth, it burned up a third of the trees, and it burned up all green grass" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The angel threw the hail and fire mixed with blood down onto the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a third of it was burned up, a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it burned up a third of the earth, a third of the trees, and all the green grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/08.md b/rev/08/08.md index 573fa132de..a077458894 100644 --- a/rev/08/08.md +++ b/rev/08/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The second angel -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +"The next angel" or "Angel number two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# something like a great mountain burning with fire was thrown -* **something like a great mountain burning with fire was thrown** - "the angel threw something like a great mountain burning with fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **A third of the sea became blood, a third of the living creatures in the sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed** - AT: "It caused a third of the sea to become blood, a third of the living creatures in the sea to die, and a third of the ships to be destroyed" -* **became blood** - Possible meanings: 1) "became red like blood" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and UDB) 2) literally "became blood." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the angel threw something like a great mountain burning with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A third of the sea became blood + +The fraction "A third" can be explained in translation. AT: "It was like the sea was divided into three parts, and one of those parts became blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# became blood + +Possible meanings are it 1) "became red like blood" or it 2) really became blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the living creatures in the sea + +"the things living in the sea" or "the fish and other animals that lived in the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/10.md b/rev/08/10.md index c187ec9a83..f4ed70be63 100644 --- a/rev/08/10.md +++ b/rev/08/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a huge star fell from the sky, blazing like a torch -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +"a huge star that was blazing like a torch fell from the sky." The fire of the huge star looked similar to the fire of a torch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# torch -* **and a huge star fell from the sky, blazing like a torch** - "and a huge star that was blazing like a torch fell from the sky." The fire of the huge star looked similar to the fire of a torch. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **torch** - a stick with one end lit on fire to provide light -* **The name of the star is Wormwood** - The star is named "Wormwood" after a plant with a bitter taste. -* **wormwood** - poisoned by the star. AT: "bitter" (UDB) or "poisoned" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +a stick with one end lit on fire to provide light + +# The name of the star is Wormwood + +Wormwood is a shrub that tastes bitter. People made medicine out of it, but they also believed that it was poisonous. AT: "The name of the star is Bitterness" or "The name of the star is Bitter Medicine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# became wormwood + +The bitter taste of the water is spoken of as if it were wormwood. AT: "became bitter like wormwood" or "became bitter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# died from the waters that became bitter + +"died when they drank the bitter water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/12.md b/rev/08/12.md index e90b333e66..82e356aa6a 100644 --- a/rev/08/12.md +++ b/rev/08/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# a third of the sun was struck -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Causing something bad to happen to the sun is spoken of as striking, or hitting, it. This can be stated with an active verb. AT: "a third of the sun changed" or "God changed a third of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a third of them turned dark -* **a third of the sun was struck** - AT: "darkness covered a third of the sun" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "one third of the time they were dark" or 2) "one third of the sun, one third of the moon, and one third of the stars became dark" + +# a third of the day and a third of the night had no light + +"there was no light during one third of the day and one third of the night" or "they did not shine during one third of the day and one third of the night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/13.md b/rev/08/13.md index 4f91b2b1b8..0a827e87cd 100644 --- a/rev/08/13.md +++ b/rev/08/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# because of the remaining trumpet ... angels -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] - -## translationNotes - -* **because of the remaining trumpet blasts that are about to be sounded by the three angels** - AT: "because the three angels who have not yet made their trumpets sound are about to sound them" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the three angels who have not yet sounded their trumpets are about to sound them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/intro.md b/rev/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..82a81be4ef --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Revelation 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seven seals ##### +There is disagreement over how these seals are attached to the scroll. It would be logical if they were all side by side, but the scroll would only have revealed its contents after the last seal is broken. This is not how this chapter describes the scroll because each seal reveals a judgment. It is also commonly held that the absent seventh seal uncovers the seven trumpet judgments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Passive voice ##### +The passive voice is frequently used in this chapter to hide the identity of the the subject performing the action. This will be difficult to convey if the translator's language does not have a passive voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +##### Similes ##### +The author uses many different similes. This is because he is attempting to describe the image he sees in the vision. Therefore, he compares the images in this vision to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/01.md b/rev/09/01.md index 312be291b5..507098d952 100644 --- a/rev/09/01.md +++ b/rev/09/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] +The fifth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet. -## translationNotes +# I saw a star from heaven that had fallen -* **shaft** - a long and narrow path under the ground -* **deep and endless** - AT: "endlessly deep" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **column of smoke** - a tall cloud of smoke rising up from a fire (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +John saw the star after it had fallen. He did not watch if fall. + +# the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit + +"the key that unlocks the shaft of the bottomless pit" + +# the shaft of the bottomless pit + +Possible meanings are 1) "shaft" is another way of referring to the pit and describes it as long and narrow, or 2) "shaft" refers to the opening of the pit. + +# the bottomless pit + +This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. + +# like smoke from a huge furnace + +A huge furnace gives off a great amount of thick, dark smoke. AT: "like the great amount of smoke that comes from a huge furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/03.md b/rev/09/03.md index 590165ac82..997d455d3b 100644 --- a/rev/09/03.md +++ b/rev/09/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# locusts -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:seal|seal, to seal]] +insects that fly together in large groups. People fear them because they can eat up all the leaves in gardens and on trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# power like that of scorpions -* **locusts** - insects that fly together in large groups (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **power like that of scorpions ** - Scorpions have the power to sting and poison other animals. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **scorpions** - small animals with poisonous stingers like bees' stingers on their tails -* **forehead** - The top of the face, above the eyes. +Scorpions have the ability to sting and poison other animals and people. AT: "the ability to sting people as scorpions do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# scorpions + +small insects with poisonous stingers on their tails. Their sting is extremely painful and the pain lasts a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# They were told not to damage the grass on the earth or any green plant or tree + +Ordinary locusts were a terrible threat to people because when they swarm, they can eat up all the grass and all the leaves on plants and trees. These locusts were told not to do this. + +# but only the people + +The phrase "to damage" or "to harm" is understood. AT: "but only to harm the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the seal of God + +The word "seal" here refers to a tool that is used to press a mark onto a wax seal. In this case the tool would be used to put a mark on God's people. See how you translated "seal" in [Revelation 7:3](../07/01.md). AT: "the marker of God" or "stamp of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# foreheads + +The forehead is the top of the face, above the eyes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/05.md b/rev/09/05.md index 884252a085..7773f2aff3 100644 --- a/rev/09/05.md +++ b/rev/09/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# They were not given permission -* [[en:tw:death]] +"They" refers to the locusts. ([Revelation 9:03](./03.md)) -## translationNotes +# those people -* **They** - the locusts ([[:en:bible:notes:rev:09:03]]) -* **those people** - the people whom the locusts were stinging -* **long** - desire +the people whom the locusts were stinging + +# but only to torture them + +Here the words "given permission" are understood. AT: "but only given permission to torture them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to torture them for five months + +The locusts would be allowed to do this for five months. + +# to torture them + +"to make them suffer terrible pain" + +# the sting of a scorpion + +A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death. + +# people will seek death, but will not find it + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "death." AT: "people will try to find a way to die, but will not find it" or "people will try to kill themselves, but will not find a way to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will greatly desire to die + +"will want very much to die" or "will wish that they could die" + +# death will flee from them + +John speaks of death as if it were a person or animal that could run away. AT: "they will not be able to die" or "they will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/07.md b/rev/09/07.md index 744a9bc572..03c89feb13 100644 --- a/rev/09/07.md +++ b/rev/09/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate|breastplate, breastpiece]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:crown|crown]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] +These locusts did not look like ordinary locusts. John describes them by telling how parts of them looked like other things. -## translationNotes +# crowns of gold -* **The locusts** - The locusts are described by comparing them to familiar things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/10.md b/rev/09/10.md index 19b9847b9e..45fddb5f38 100644 --- a/rev/09/10.md +++ b/rev/09/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They had tails +The word "They" refers to the locusts. -## translationNotes +# with stingers like scorpions -* John continues to describe the locusts. -* **deep and endless** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:09:01]]. -* **Abaddon...Apollyon** - Both names mean "destruction." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 9:6](./05.md). AT: "with stingers like scorpion stingers" or "with stingers that could cause terrible pain as scorpion stingers can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# in their tails they had power to harm people for five months + +Possible meanings are 1) they had power for five months to harm people or 2) they could sting people and the people would be in pain for five months. + +# the bottomless pit + +This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](./01.md). + +# Abaddon ... Apollyon + +Both names mean "Destroyer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# there are still two disasters to come + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/13.md b/rev/09/13.md index 10349b6605..9c7131512e 100644 --- a/rev/09/13.md +++ b/rev/09/13.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:bond]] -* [[en:tw:bond|bound]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates|Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +The sixth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet. -## translationNotes +# I heard a voice coming -* **horns of the golden altar** - Things shaped like horns that were at the four corners of the top of the altar. -* **for that very hour, that day, that month, and that year** - These words are used to show that one exact time, not a general time, is meant. AT: "for that exact time" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) +The voice refers to the one who was speaking. John does not say who the speaker was, but it may have been God. AT: "I heard someone speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# horns of the golden altar + +These are horn-shaped extensions at each of the four corners of the top of the altar. + +# The voice said + +The voice refers to the speaker. AT: "The speaker said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The four angels who had been prepared for ... that year, were released + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "The angel released the four angels who had been prepared for ... that year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The four angels who had been prepared + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "The four angels whom God had prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for that hour, that day, that month, and that year + +These words are used to show that there is a specific, chosen time and not just any time. AT: "for that exact time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/16.md b/rev/09/16.md index 175a9cb17f..52a250c965 100644 --- a/rev/09/16.md +++ b/rev/09/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:breastplate]] -* [[en:tw:breastplate|breastplate, breastpiece]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:lion|lion]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur|sulfur]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] -* [[en:tw:vision|vision]] +Suddenly, 200,000,000 soldiers on horseback appear in John's vision. John is no longer speaking about the four angels mentioned in the previous verse. -## translationNotes +# 200,000,000 -* **200,000,00** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:05:11]]. +Some ways to express this are: "two hundred million" or "two hundred thousand thousand" or "twenty thousand times ten thousand." If your language does not have a specific number for this, you could also see how you translated a similar large number in [Revelation 5:11](../05/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fiery red + +"red like fire" or "bright red." See how you translated this in [Revelation 6:3](../06/03.md). + +# sulfurous yellow + +"yellow like sulfur" or "bright yellow like sulfur" + +# out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and sulfur + +"fire, smoke, and sulfur came out of their mouths" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/18.md b/rev/09/18.md index bf7289cb90..5d2b46d0bb 100644 --- a/rev/09/18.md +++ b/rev/09/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] +John continues to describe the horses and the plagues brought upon humanity. -## translationNotes +# A third of the people -* **their tails were like snakes** - The horses' tails are compared to snakes. Possible meanings: 1) "their tails had heads like snakes" (UDB) or 2) "their tails were thin with a large end and looked similar to a snake." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"One third of the people." See how you translated "A third" in [Revelation 8:7](../08/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# For the power of the horses was in their mouths and in their tails + +The abstract noun "power" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "For it was the horses' mouths and tails that were so powerful" or "for it was the horses' mouths and tails that were able to hurt people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/20.md b/rev/09/20.md index 76a1973e88..ab3f39aec2 100644 --- a/rev/09/20.md +++ b/rev/09/20.md @@ -1,26 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# those who were not killed by these plagues -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demon|demon, evil spirit, unclean spirit]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:repent|repent, repentance]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery|sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:works|works, deeds, work]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom the plagues had not killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# things that cannot see, hear, or walk -* **those who were not killed by these plagues** - "those whom the plagues had not killed" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **things that cannot see, hear, or walk** - idols. AT: "things that are not alive" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This phrase reminds us that idols are not alive and do not deserve to be worshiped. But the people did not stop worshiping them. AT: "even though idols cannot see, hear, or walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/intro.md b/rev/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cee814e536 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +# Revelation 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the seven trumpet judgments. This chapter and the previous one form a single unit. + +##### Woe ##### +There are several specific "woes" mentioned in the book of Revelation. This chapter contains the first of these woes. It is possible that these have some structural significance or importance to the chronology of the events of Revelation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Animal imagery ##### +Animal imagery is common in this book, as well as very common in this chapter. The people of the ancient Near East probably viewed these animals as having some "trait" that typified the animal. For example, a lion is often seen as powerful. The translator should not try to determine the meaning of each of these images. + +##### Bottomless pit ##### +This is a common image in the book of Revelation that portrays hell. It emphasizes that hell is inescapable. It is described as being down, in opposition to heaven which is considered up. This emphasizes that neither is on earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]]) + +##### Abaddon and Apollyon ##### + +These are words in Hebrew and Greek. John does not translate these words but chooses to transliterate them by substituting Greek letters for the Hebrew letters. The translators of the ULB and the UDB have not translated the meaning of these words in the ULB, but have rendered them both as "Destroyer" in the UDB. It is preferable to try to form the sounds of these words without translating their meaning. + +##### Repentance ##### +This chapter mentions the theme of repentance. Despite these great miracles, the people are said to avoid repentance and remain in their sin. One should not lose sight of this theme when reading the book of Revelation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Symbol ##### +Satan is often described as a fallen angel. Since stars are symbols for angels in the book of Revelation, the phrase "a star from heaven that had fallen" probably symbolizes Satan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Simile ##### +There are many similes in this chapter. Their purpose is to describe the complex images that John sees in his vision. Therefore, they serve more of a practical rather than poetic function. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The people who did not have the seal of God" ##### +It is best to leave the meaning of this phrase unclear in translation, if possible. Many scholars believe the seal to be a mark made to distinguish believers from unbelievers in this time of tribulation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/01.md b/rev/10/01.md index 4b64105895..f35bb5b183 100644 --- a/rev/10/01.md +++ b/rev/10/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] +John begins to describe a vision of a mighty angel holding a scroll. In John's vision he is viewing what is happening from earth. This takes place between the blowing of the sixth and seventh trumpets. -## translationNotes +# He was robed in a cloud -* There are no notes for this chunk. +John speaks of the angel as if he were wearing a cloud as his clothing. This expression may be understood as metaphor. However, because very unusual things were often seen in visions, it might be understood as a literally true statement in its context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His face was like the sun + +John compares the brightness of his face with the brightness of the sun. AT: "His face was bright like the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# his feet were like pillars of fire + +The word "feet" refers to the legs. AT: "his legs were like pillars of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He put his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land + +"He stood with his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/03.md b/rev/10/03.md index 09ee4b7e7c..4d29e3787c 100644 --- a/rev/10/03.md +++ b/rev/10/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then he shouted -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:seal|keep secret]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +"Then the angel shouted" -## translationNotes +# the seven thunders spoke out -* There are no notes for this chunk. +The thunder is described as if it were a person who could speak. AT: "the seven thunders made a loud noise" or "the thunder sounded very loudly seven times" + +# seven thunders + +Thunder occurring seven times is spoken of as if it were seven different "thunders." + +# but I heard a voice from heaven + +The word "voice" refers to words spoken by someone other than the angel. AT: "but I heard someone speaking from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/05.md b/rev/10/05.md index 5095ae070d..f0b2cee8d2 100644 --- a/rev/10/05.md +++ b/rev/10/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# raised his right hand to heaven -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:creation|create, creation, Creator]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:mystery|mystery, hidden truth]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:oath|oath, swear]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim|proclamation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] +He did this to show that he was swearing by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## translationNotes +# He swore by the one who lives forever and ever -* **him who lives forever and ever** - "Him" refers to God. -* **all that is in it (3 times)** - This refers to all the plants, animals, and humans that live in the air, in the sea, or on the land. -* **will be accomplished** - "is about to take place" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"He asked that what he was going to say would be confirmed by the one who lives forever and ever" + +# the one who lives forever and ever + +Here "the one" refers to God. + +# There will be no more delay + +"There will be no more waiting" or "God will not delay" + +# the mystery of God will be accomplished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will accomplish his mystery" or "God will complete his secret plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/08.md b/rev/10/08.md index f380d723a5..d4d87f406f 100644 --- a/rev/10/08.md +++ b/rev/10/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:honey|honey, honeycomb]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:scroll|scroll]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +John hears the voice from heaven, which he had heard in [Revelation 10:4](./03.md), speak to him again. -## translationNotes +# The voice I heard from heaven -* **I** - This refers to John. -* **bitter** - This means that the message of the book will be upsetting or unpleasant. +The word "voice" refers to the speaker. AT: "The one I heard speak from heaven" or "The one who had spoken to me from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I + +The word "I" here refers to John. + +# He said to me + +"The angel said to me" + +# bitter + +"sour" or "acid." This refers to a bad taste from the stomach after eating something that is not good. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/10.md b/rev/10/10.md index deb0586ff3..fd8b3e7840 100644 --- a/rev/10/10.md +++ b/rev/10/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# languages -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:honey|honey, honeycomb]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no notes for this chunk. +This refers to the people who speak the languages. AT: "many language communities" or "many groups of people who speak their own languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/intro.md b/rev/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3d69f7a5b --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Revelation 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seven thunders ##### +It is unclear what is meant by the seven thunders. It is perfectly acceptable for the translator to not understand this phrase and translate it as "seven thunders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### "The mystery of God" ##### +It is uncertain what this references. It is not the "mystery" that Paul describes, namely the church. It probably does share the meaning of being something that is currently hidden or unknown, which will be revealed at this time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Coming down from heaven" ##### +Heaven is frequently said to be "up." The reason for this is to emphasize that heaven is not located on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Simile ##### +There are many different similes used to describe the mighty angel. The similes are used to try to describe what John sees by relating it to everyday things. The rainbow and cloud, however, should be understood as literal, since they are not part of any simile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Scrolls ##### +The scroll mentioned in this chapter is different from the scrolls which have been the subject of much of the book of Revelation to this point. It is called the "little scroll" here. The translator should ensure the reader is aware that there is more than one scroll. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/01.md b/rev/11/01.md index 60f2b73bef..46ed2df98b 100644 --- a/rev/11/01.md +++ b/rev/11/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard|courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:gentile|Gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:rod|rod]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +John begins to describe a vision about receiving a measuring rod and two witnesses that God appointed. This vision also takes place between the blowing of the sixth and seventh trumpets. -## translationNotes +# A reed was given to me -* **given to me…I was told** - The words "me" and "I" refer to John. -* **trample** - to treat something as worthless by walking on it. -* **forty-two months** - two months** - AT: "42 months" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone gave me a reed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# given to me ... I was told + +The words "me" and "I" refer to John. + +# those who worship in it + +"count those who worship in the temple" + +# trample + +to treat something as worthless by walking on it + +# forty-two months + +"42 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/03.md b/rev/11/03.md index 5b771bf0ed..80f2401212 100644 --- a/rev/11/03.md +++ b/rev/11/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:clothed|clothe, clothed]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand|lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:olive|olive]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth]] -* [[en:tw:sackcloth|sackcloth and ashes]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:witness|witness, eyewitness]] +God continues speaking to John. -## translationNotes +# for 1,260 days -* **These witnesses are the two olive trees and the two lampstands** - These two witnesses have previously been referred to as olive trees and lampstands. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"for one thousand two hundred and sixty days" or "for twelve hundred and sixty days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# days, clothed in sackcloth + +Why they will wear sackcloth can be made explicit. AT: "days, wearing rough mourning clothes" or "days: they will wear scratchy clothes to show that they are very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# These witnesses are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that have stood before the Lord of the earth + +The two olive trees and the two lampstands symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. AT: "The two olive trees and the two lampstands that have stood before the Lord of the earth represent these witnesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the two olive trees and the two lampstands + +John expects his readers to know about them because many years earlier another prophet had written about them. AT: "the two olive trees and the two lampstands, told about in scripture," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fire comes out of their mouth and devours their enemies + +Because this is about future events, it can also be stated in the future tense. AT: "fire will come out of their mouth and devour their enemies" + +# fire ... devours their enemies + +Fire burning and killing people is spoken of as if it were an animal that could eat them up. AT: "fire ... will destroy their enemies" or "fire ... will completely burn up their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/06.md b/rev/11/06.md index 8171071d40..bfa3e5db41 100644 --- a/rev/11/06.md +++ b/rev/11/06.md @@ -1,29 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to close up the sky so that no rain will fall -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:kind]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:plague|plague]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testimony, testify]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:water|water, waters]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +John speaks of the sky as if it had a door that can be opened to let rain fall or closed to stop the rain. AT: "to keep rain from falling from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# to strike the earth with every kind of plague -* **to strike the earth with every kind of plague ** - This phrase refers to causing all kinds of trouble to happen on the earth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the deep and endless** - The word "endless" means without a bottom. Both of these words refer to the pit being very deep. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +John speaks of the plagues as if they were a stick that someone could hit the earth with. AT: "to cause all kinds of trouble to occur on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bottomless pit + +This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/08.md b/rev/11/08.md index cf284988e7..8a24283e02 100644 --- a/rev/11/08.md +++ b/rev/11/08.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Their bodies -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:crucify|crucify]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt, Egyptian]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup|people group, people]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:sodom|Sodom]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tomb|tomb, grave, burial place]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tongue|language]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +This refers to the bodies of the two witnesses. -## translationNotes +# in the street of the great city -* **three and a half days ** - "3 full days and one half day: or "3.5 days" or "3 1/2 days" (See: TranslateNumbers) +The city had more than one street. This was a public place where people could see them. AT: "in one of the streets of the great city" or "in the main street of the great city" + +# three and a half days + +"3 full days and one half day" or "3.5 days" or "3 1/2 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# their Lord + +They served the Lord, and like him would die in that city. + +# They will not permit them to be placed in a tomb + +This will be a sign of disrespect. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/10.md b/rev/11/10.md index fc4f9b6173..79fa6a8f04 100644 --- a/rev/11/10.md +++ b/rev/11/10.md @@ -1,24 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# will rejoice over them and celebrate -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:gift|gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +"will rejoice that the two witnesses have died" -## translationNotes +# even send gifts to one another -* **three and a half days ** - “3 full days and one half day: or “3.5 days” or “3 1/2 days” (See: TranslateNumbers) +This action shows how happy the people were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# because these two prophets tormented those who lived on the earth + +This is the reason that the people will be so happy that the witnesses have died. + +# three and a half days + +"3 full days and one half day" or "3.5 days" or "3 1/2 days." See how you translated this in [Revelation 11:9](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a breath of life from God will enter them + +The ability to breathe is spoken of as if it were something that can go into people. AT: "God will cause the two witnesses to breathe again and live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Great fear will fall on those who see them + +Fear is spoken of as if it is a object that can fall on people. AT: "Those who see them will be extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then they will hear + +Possible meanings are 1) the two witnesses will hear or 2) the people will hear what is said to the two witnesses. + +# a loud voice from heaven + +The word "voice" refers to the one who speaks. AT: "someone speak loudly to them from heaven and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# say to them + +"say to the two witnesses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/13.md b/rev/11/13.md index e7a45409d6..9650d230e3 100644 --- a/rev/11/13.md +++ b/rev/11/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Seven thousand people -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:terror|terror]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] +"7,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# the survivors -* **seven thousand people** - "7,000 people" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"those who do not die" or "those who are still living" + +# give glory to the God of heaven + +"say that the God of heaven is glorious" + +# The second woe is past + +"The second terrible event is over." See how you translated "The first woe is past" in [Revelation 9:12](../09/10.md). + +# The third woe is coming quickly + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. AT: "The third woe will happen soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/15.md b/rev/11/15.md index be2948a8cd..20eed29d15 100644 --- a/rev/11/15.md +++ b/rev/11/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet|trumpet, horn]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +The last of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet. -## translationNotes +# the seventh angel -* There are no notes for this chunk. +This is the last of the seven angels. See how you translated "seventh" in [Revelation 8.1](../08/01.md). AT: "the final angel" or "angel number seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# loud voices spoke in heaven and said + +The phrase "loud voices" represents speakers who spoke loudly. AT: "speakers in heaven spoke loudly and said" + +# The kingdom of the world ... the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ + +Here "kingdom" refers to the authority to rule the world. AT: "The authority to rule the world ... the authority that belongs to our Lord and his Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the world + +This refers to everyone in the world. AT: "everyone in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ + +"Our Lord and his Christ are now the rulers of the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/16.md b/rev/11/16.md index 6073748a1d..5fa7820d9d 100644 --- a/rev/11/16.md +++ b/rev/11/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# twenty-four elders -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:almighty|Almighty]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:elder|elder]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## translationNotes +# prostrated themselves on their faces -* **Twenty-four elders** - four elders** - "24 elders" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **with their faces down ** - the front side of the whole body is being referred to as their "face" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +They lay down facing the ground. See how you translated a similar expression in [Revelation 4:10](../04/09.md). + +# you, Lord God Almighty, the one who is and who was + +These phrases can be stated as sentences. AT: "you, Lord God, the ruler over all. You are the one who is, and you are the one who was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# the one who is + +"the one who exists" or "the one who lives" + +# who was + +"who has always existed" or "who has always lived" + +# you have taken your great power + +What God did with his great power can be stated clearly. AT: "you have defeated with your power everyone who has rebelled against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/18.md b/rev/11/18.md index b8f00f7861..7b0ed5a9e2 100644 --- a/rev/11/18.md +++ b/rev/11/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge|judge, judgment]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reward]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:saint|saints]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] +The twenty-four elders continue praising God. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **your wrath…your servants…your name** - The word "your" in these phrases refers to God. -* **unimportant** - AT: "lowly" or "low" or "of lower status" +The words "you" and "your" refer to God. + +# were enraged + +"were extremely angry" + +# your wrath has come + +Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. AT: "You are ready to show your anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The time has come + +Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. AT: "The time is right" or "Now is the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# the prophets, those who are believers, and those who feared your name + +This list explains what "your servants" means. These were not three completely different groups of people. The prophets also were believers and feared God's name. AT: "the prophets and the others who are believers and fear your name" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/19.md b/rev/11/19.md index cb5187926e..dcebd3f5b7 100644 --- a/rev/11/19.md +++ b/rev/11/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then God's temple in heaven was opened -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant]] -* [[en:tw:arkofthecovenant|ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:temple|temple]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then someone opened God's temple in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple -* There are no notes for this chunk. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I saw the ark of his covenant in his temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# flashes of lightning + +Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/04.md). + +# rumblings, crashes of thunder + +These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/intro.md b/rev/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ebe09ab6c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Revelation 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations set apart quotations. The lines of 11:15, 17-18, which are extended quotations, are indented in the ULB and many other English translations. + +##### Woe ##### + +There are several specific "woes" mentioned in the book of Revelation. This chapter contains the second and third of these woes. It is possible these have some structural significance or importance to the chronology of the events of Revelation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gentiles ##### +The word "Gentiles" is used in this chapter to refer to ungodly Gentiles and not Gentile Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +##### Two witnesses ##### +These two witnesses serve an important function as prophets during the time of Revelation. Scholars have put forth many suggestions about the identity of these two men. It is unknown and unimportant who they are. Instead, it is their indestructible nature and their message that is more significant and undeniable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +##### Bottomless pit ##### +This is a common image in the book of Revelation that portrays hell. It emphasizes hell is inescapable. It is described as being down, in opposition to heaven, which is considered as being up. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "These two prophets tormented those who lived on the earth" ##### +The two prophets are connected with a great deal of destruction, which will cause great harm to the people on the earth. This is not mean-spirited, but it is an effort to bring these people to repentance. But they will not repent. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### "The time has come for the dead to be judged" ##### +People will be judged after they die. Those who reject Jesus will suffer eternal punishment, while Christians will be rewarded for the faithfulness with which they lived their lives as Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/01.md b/rev/12/01.md index 873c4e3539..a06a5f936d 100644 --- a/rev/12/01.md +++ b/rev/12/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:crown|crown]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains|birth pains]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] +John begins to describe a woman who appears in his vision. -## translationNotes +# A great sign was seen in heaven -* **A great sign was seen in heaven** - AT: "A great sign appeared in heaven" or "I, John, saw a great sign in heaven" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a woman clothed with the sun** - AT: "a woman who was wearing the sun" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **twelve stars** - "12 stars" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A great sign appeared in heaven" or "I, John, saw a great sign in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A woman clothed with the sun, and with the moon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A woman who was wearing the sun and had the moon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a crown of twelve stars + +This was apparently a likeness of a wreath made of laurel leaves or olive branches, but with twelve stars included in it. + +# twelve stars + +"12 stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/03.md b/rev/12/03.md index 72a4741aa7..0cb44507b3 100644 --- a/rev/12/03.md +++ b/rev/12/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|children, child]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:crown|crown]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:devour|devour]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] +John describes a dragon that appears in his vision. -## translationNotes +# dragon -* **dragon** - a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For the Jewish people it was a symbol of evil and chaos. +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# His tail swept away a third of the stars + +"With his tail he swept away a third of the stars" + +# a third + +"one third." See how you translated this in [Revelation 8:7](../08/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/05.md b/rev/12/05.md index 746ceef164..fa812724e9 100644 --- a/rev/12/05.md +++ b/rev/12/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# rule all the nations with an iron rod -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:children|child]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:rod|rod]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:ruler|rule]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:throne|throne]] +Ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling with an iron rod. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:27](../02/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Her child was snatched away to God -* **Her child was snatched away to God** - AT: "God quickly took her child to himself." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God quickly took her child to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for 1,260 days + +"for one thousand two hundred and sixty days" or "for twelve hundred and sixty days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/07.md b/rev/12/07.md index 7ed863db75..f3161c0d39 100644 --- a/rev/12/07.md +++ b/rev/12/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:satan|Satan, devil, evil one]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:serpent|serpent, snake]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:world|world, worldly]] +John uses this word to mark a shift in his account to introduce something else happening in his vision. -## translationNotes +# dragon -* **dragon** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:12:03]]. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan". -* **The great dragon…was thrown down to earth…** - AT: God threw the great dragon and his angels out of heaven and sent them to earth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# So there was no longer any place in heaven for him and his angels + +"So the dragon and his angels could no longer stay in heaven" + +# dragon—that old serpent called the devil or Satan, who deceives the whole world—was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him + +The information about the serpent can be given in a separate sentence after the statement that it was thrown down to the earth. AT: "dragon was thrown down to earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. He is the old serpent who deceives the world and is called the devil or Satan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# The great dragon ... was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God threw the great dragon ... and his angels out of heaven and sent them to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/10.md b/rev/12/10.md index 23e09ecdd1..bfc8c6ba4a 100644 --- a/rev/12/10.md +++ b/rev/12/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:accuse|accuse, accusation, accuser]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:authority|authority]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:christ|Christ, Messiah]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom|kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:power|power]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:voice|voice]] +The word "I" refers to John. -## translationNotes +# I heard a loud voice in heaven -* **I** - This refers to John. -* **day and night** - The words “day and night” used together mean all the time; he is continually accusing the brothers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +The word "voice" refers to someone who speaks. AT: "I heard someone saying loudly from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now have come the salvation, the power, the kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ + +God saving people by his power is spoken of as if his salvation and power were things that have come. God's ruling and Christ's authority are also spoken of as if they have come. AT: "Now God has saved his people by his power, God rules as king, and his Christ has all authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# come + +"begun to really exist" or "appeared" or "become real." It is not that these things did not exist before, but now God is revealing them because their time to occur has "come." + +# the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down + +This is the dragon that was thrown down in [Revelation 12:9](./10.md). + +# our brothers + +Fellow believers are spoken of as if they were brothers. AT: "our fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# day and night + +These two parts of the day are used together to mean "all the time" or "without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/11.md b/rev/12/11.md index ee9067d604..5ae147a9da 100644 --- a/rev/12/11.md +++ b/rev/12/11.md @@ -1,32 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:angry|angry, anger]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|death, die, dead]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice|rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:satan|devil]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testimony, testify]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:woe|woe]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +The loud voice from heaven continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# They conquered him -* The loud voice from heaven continues to speak about believers in Christ who have been accused of sin by Satan. +"They conquered the accuser" + +# by the blood of the Lamb + +The blood refers to his death. AT: "because the lamb had shed his blood and died for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# by the word of their testimony + +The word "testimony" can be expressed with the verb "testify." Also who they testified about can be stated clearly. AT: "by what they said when they testified to others about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# even to death + +The believers told the truth about Jesus, even though they knew that their enemies might try to kill them because of it. AT: "but they kept testifying even though they knew that they might die for it" + +# He is filled with terrible anger + +The devil is spoken of as if he were a container, and anger is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could be in him. AT: "He is terribly angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/13.md b/rev/12/13.md index b1898e11fe..4d8004595c 100644 --- a/rev/12/13.md +++ b/rev/12/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the dragon realized he had been thrown down to the earth -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:desert|desert, wilderness]] -* [[en:tw:eagle]] -* [[en:tw:eagle|eagle]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the dragon realized that God had thrown him out of heaven and sent him to earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# he pursued the woman -* **dragon** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:12:03]]. -* **dragon realized he had been was thrown down to earth** - AT: "dragon realized that God had thrown him out of heaven and sent him to earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **time, times, and half a time** - AT: "3.5 years" or "3 1/2 years" or "three whole years and one half year" +"he chased after the woman" + +# dragon + +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# time, times, and half a time + +"three and half years" + +# the serpent + +This is another way of referring to the dragon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/15.md b/rev/12/15.md index 69b084d248..7514f553ee 100644 --- a/rev/12/15.md +++ b/rev/12/15.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# serpent -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:command|command, to command, commandment]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This is the same being as the dragon mentioned earlier in [Revelation 12:9](./07.md). -## translationNotes +# like a river -* **serpent** - This is the same being as the dragon according [[:en:bible:notes:rev:12:07]]. -* **like a river** - AT: "in large volumes" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **dragon** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:12:03]]. -* **It opened its mouth and swallowed** - AT: "A hole in the ground opened up and the water went down into the hole." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +The water flowed from his mouth like a river flows. AT: "in large volume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# to sweep her away + +"to wash her away" + +# The earth opened its mouth and swallowed the river that the dragon was pouring out of his mouth + +The earth is spoken of as if it were a living thing, and a hole in the earth is spoken of as if it were a mouth that could drink up the water. AT: "A hole in the ground opened up and the water went down into the hole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# dragon + +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# hold to the testimony about Jesus + +The word "testimony" can be translated as a verb. AT: "continue to testify about Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/intro.md b/rev/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ef056e205 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Revelation 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many scholars believe the events of this chapter are both future and past. The author may shift between the events without shifting the tense in which he speaks. Despite this, John speaks as if these events are about to happen. + +Some translations set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:10-22, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Serpent ##### +The reference to Satan as the serpent is intended to have the reader remember the account of the temptation in the Garden of Eden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The woman is described using many different metaphors, but her identity is unclear. The chapter also speaks about the rise of the antichrist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "A great sign was seen in heaven" ##### +It is unclear whether this was seen by everybody on earth or whether it was only seen by John in his vision. The translator may have difficulty when the subject is unclear. In English, this is done through the use of the passive voice, but not every language has this construct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/01.md b/rev/13/01.md index acb8b146af..22d8d4b076 100644 --- a/rev/13/01.md +++ b/rev/13/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:bear]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:leopard]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +John begins to describe a beast who appears in his vision. The word "I" here refers to John. -## translationNotes +# dragon -* **Then I saw** - Here "I" refers to John. -* **dragon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:12:03]]. +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# The dragon gave his power to it + +The dragon made the beast as powerful as he was. He did not lose his power, however, by giving it to the beast. + +# his power ... his throne, and his great authority to rule + +These are three ways of referring to his authority, and together they emphasize that the authority was great. + +# his throne + +The word "throne" here refers to the dragon's authority to rule as king. AT: "his royal authority" or "his authority to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/03.md b/rev/13/03.md index 7a8b06f4bd..8545f76315 100644 --- a/rev/13/03.md +++ b/rev/13/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# but its fatal wound was healed -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but its fatal wound healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# fatal wound -* **But that wound had been healed** - AT: "But that wound healed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **followed the beast** - "obeyed the beast" -* **dragon** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:12:03]]. -* **Who could ever fight against it?** - AT: "No one could ever fight against the beast and win!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"deadly wound." This is an injury that is serious enough to cause a person to die. + +# The whole earth + +The word "earth" refers to the people on it. AT: "All the people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# followed the beast + +"obeyed the beast" + +# dragon + +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# he had given his authority to the beast + +"he had caused the beast to have as much authority as he had" + +# Who is like the beast? + +This question shows how amazed they were about the beast. AT: "No one is as powerful as the beast!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who can fight against it? + +This question shows how much the people feared the power of the beast. AT: "No one could ever fight against the beast and win!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/05.md b/rev/13/05.md index 032752e578..67e8bfd5e0 100644 --- a/rev/13/05.md +++ b/rev/13/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The beast was given ... It was permitted -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy|insult]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave the beast ... God permitted the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The beast was given a mouth that could speak -* **The beast was given...He was permitted** - AT: "God gave the beast...God permitted the beast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **forty-two month** - two month** - “42 months” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **insulting his name** - AT: "insulting God's reputation or character" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Being given a mouth refers to being allowed to speak. AT: "The beast was allowed to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty-two months + +"42 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to speak blasphemies against God + +"to say disrespectful things about God" + +# blaspheming his name, the place where he lives, and those who live in heaven + +These phrases tell how the beast spoke blasphemies against God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/07.md b/rev/13/07.md index a866b74baf..ac448a9e37 100644 --- a/rev/13/07.md +++ b/rev/13/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# authority was given to it -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:bookoflife]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave authority to the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# every tribe, people, language, and nation -* **authority was given to him** - AT: "God gave authority to the beast" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **everyone whose name was not written** - AT: "those whose names the Lamb did not write" or "those whose names Jesus did not write" -* **Lamb** - This refers to Jesus. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:05:06]]. -* **who was slaughtered** - AT: "whom the people slaughtered" +This means that people from every ethnic group are included. See how you translated a similar list in [Revelation 5:9](../05/09.md). + +# will worship it + +"will worship the beast" + +# everyone whose name was not written ... in The Book of Life + +This phrase clarifies who on the earth will worship the beast. It can be stated in active form. AT: "those whose names the Lamb did not write ... in The Book of Life" or "those whose names were not ... in The Book of Life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# since the creation of the world + +"when God created the world" + +# the Lamb + +A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# who had been slaughtered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the people slaughtered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/09.md b/rev/13/09.md index 1ed1c99a6b..7bf6015dc3 100644 --- a/rev/13/09.md +++ b/rev/13/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +These verses are a break from John's account of his vision. Here he give a warning to the people reading his account. -## translationNotes +# If anyone has an ear -* **If anyone has an ear** - This means to have the ability to hear and understand God's message. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If anyone is to be taken + +This expression means that someone has decided who should be taken. If needed, translators may state clearly who decided it. AT: "If God has decided that someone should be taken" or "If it is God's will that someone should be taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If anyone is to be taken into captivity + +This can be stated in active form. The noun "captivity" can be stated with the verb "capture." AT: "If it is God's will for the enemy to capture a certain person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# into captivity he will go + +The noun "captivity" can be stated with the verb "capture." AT: "he will be captured" or "the enemy will capture him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# If anyone is to be killed with a sword + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If it is God's will for the enemy to kill a certain person with a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with a sword + +A sword represents war. AT: "in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy will kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Here is a call for patient endurance and faith for those who are holy + +"Those who are holy must endure patiently and be faithful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/11.md b/rev/13/11.md index e494da8b2f..24b17cee08 100644 --- a/rev/13/11.md +++ b/rev/13/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|lethal]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +John begins to describe another beast who appears in his vision. -## translationNotes +# it spoke like a dragon -* **dragon** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:12:03]]. -* **and made the earth and those who live on it** - "and made everyone on the earth" -* **the one whose lethal wound had been healed** - AT: "the one who had a lethal wound that healed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Harsh speech is spoken of as if it were the roar of a dragon. AT: "it spoke harshly like a dragon speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# dragon + +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the earth and those who live on it + +"everyone on the earth" + +# the one whose lethal wound had been healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who had a lethal wound that healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lethal wound + +"deadly wound." This was an injury that was serious enough that it could have made him die. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/13.md b/rev/13/13.md index b6732ac45a..853466ac9f 100644 --- a/rev/13/13.md +++ b/rev/13/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# It performed -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] - -## translationNotes - -* **he performed** - "The beast from the earth performed" -* **who was wounded by the sword** - AT: "whom someone wounded with a sword" See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] +"The beast from the earth performed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/15.md b/rev/13/15.md index 4f4843127f..bc7a1c6cad 100644 --- a/rev/13/15.md +++ b/rev/13/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# It was permitted -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:breath]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God permitted the beast from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# to give breath to the beast's image -* **He was permitted** - AT: "God permitted the beast from the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **to give breath to the image** - AT: "to give life to the image" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **to cause all who refused to worship the beast to be killed** - AT: "to put to death anyone who refused to worship the beast" +Here the word "breath" represents life. AT: "to give life to the beast's image" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the beast's image + +This is the image of the first beast that had been mentioned. + +# cause all who refused to worship the beast to be killed + +"put to death anyone who refused to worship the first beast" + +# It also forced everyone + +"The beast from the earth also forced everyone" + +# It was impossible for anyone to buy or sell unless he had the mark of the beast + +"People could buy or sell things only if they had the mark of the beast." The implicit information that the beast from the earth commanded it can be stated clearly. AT: "He commanded that people could buy or sell things only if they had the mark of the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the mark of the beast + +This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/18.md b/rev/13/18.md index fe6c65fc07..0ec6ea35d3 100644 --- a/rev/13/18.md +++ b/rev/13/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This verse is a break from John's account of his vision. Here he gives another warning to the people reading his account. -## translationNotes +# This calls for wisdom -* **is the number of a human being** - Possible meanings are 1) the number represents one person or 2) the number represent all of humanity. -* **666** - "six hundred and sixty-six" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +"Wisdom is needed" or "You need to be wise about this" + +# If anyone has insight + +The word "insight" can be translated with the verb "understand." AT: "If anyone is able to understand things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# let him calculate the number of the beast + +"he should discern what the number of the beast means" or "he should figure out what the number of the beast means" + +# is the number of a human being + +Possible meanings are 1) the number represents one person or 2) the number represents all of humanity. + +# 666 + +"six hundred sixty-six" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/intro.md b/rev/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..beb9f81f16 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Revelation 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:10, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### A lethal wound ##### +Many scholars believe this is a prophecy about the death of the antichrist. They believe the antichrist will mimic or counterfeit the resurrection of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### The beast ##### +Many scholar believe this is a metaphorical way to refer to the antichrist. This is very significant for proper understanding of this passage. This is used in contrast to the lamb, which is a reference to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Another beast ##### +Many scholars believe this second beast is a prophet or priest of the antichrist. He is capable of performing many wondrous miracles and gets many people to worship the antichrist. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Unknown animals ##### +This chapter uses a great number of unknown animals. Many of these animals are used in a symbolic way but their meaning is imprecise. This will cause great difficulties for translators. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/01.md b/rev/14/01.md index a335a1452b..bcd1c85dd9 100644 --- a/rev/14/01.md +++ b/rev/14/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +John begins to describe the next part of his vision. There are 144,000 believers standing before the Lamb. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **I looked** - Here "I" refers to John. -* **Lamb** - This refers to Jesus. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:05:06]]. -* **144,000** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:07:04]]. -* **who had his name and his Father's name written on their foreheads** - AT: "on whose foreheads the Lamb and his Father had written their names." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The word "I" refers to John. + +# Lamb + +A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# 144,000 + +"one hundred forty-four thousand." See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who had his name and his Father's name written on their foreheads + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on whose foreheads the Lamb and his Father had written their names" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# a voice from heaven + +"a sound from heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/03.md b/rev/14/03.md index 13bb0ad982..c29402fa0d 100644 --- a/rev/14/03.md +++ b/rev/14/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# They sang a new song -* [[en:tw:blameless]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|lie]] -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +"The 144,000 people sang a new song." This explains what the sound was that John heard. AT: "That sound was a new song that they sang" -## translationNotes +# the four living creatures -* **They sang** - "The 144,000 sang" -* **These are the ones that have not defiled themselves with women** - AT: "Those 144,000 are the people who are spiritually pure , like virgins are morally pure. They have not defiled themselves by worshiping any false god." See [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] +"living being" or "living thing." See how you translated "living creature" in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md) + +# elders + +This refers to the twenty-four elders around the throne. See how you translated "elders" in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). + +# 144,000 + +"one hundred forty-four thousand." See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# have not defiled themselves with women + +Possible meanings are 1) "have never had immoral sexual relations with a woman" or 2) "have never had sexual relations with a woman." Defiling oneself with women may be a symbol of worshiping idols. + +# they have kept themselves sexually pure + +Possible meanings are 1) "they did not have sexual relations with a woman who was not their wife" or 2) "they are virgins." + +# follow the Lamb wherever he goes + +Doing what the Lamb does is spoken of as following him. AT: "they do whatever the Lamb does" or "they obey the Lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No lie was found in their mouth + +Their "mouth" refers to what they said." AT: "They never lied when they spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/06.md b/rev/14/06.md index dc27a83353..0de0073524 100644 --- a/rev/14/06.md +++ b/rev/14/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This is the first of three angels who proclaim judgment on the earth. -## translationNotes +# every nation, tribe, language, and people -* There are not translation notes for these verses. +This means that people from every ethnic group are included. See how you translated a similar list in [Revelation 5:9](../05/09.md). + +# the hour of his judgment has come + +Here "the hour" represents the time that has been chosen for something, and the hour having "come" is a metaphor for now being the chosen time. The idea of "judgment" can be expressed with a verb. AT: "now is the time that God has chosen for judgment" or "it is now the time for God to judge people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/08.md b/rev/14/08.md index 458d1533ba..f4c19e4d09 100644 --- a/rev/14/08.md +++ b/rev/14/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The angel speaks of Babylon having been destroyed as if it had fallen. AT: "Babylon the great has been destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Babylon the great -* **Fallen, fallen** - This word is repeated for emphasis. -* **Fallen......brought much wrath on her** - "The very evil cities(OR , city) represented by Babylon are completely destroyed! God has punished their people because they have persuaded people of all the nations to forsake God, just like a prostitute persuades men to drink strong wine and as a result commit sexual immorality." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"Babylon the large city" or "the important city of Babylon." This was probably a symbol for the city of Rome, which was large, wealthy, and sinful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# who persuaded + +Babylon is spoken of as if it were a person, instead of a city filled with people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to drink the wine of her immoral passion + +This is a symbol for participating in her sexually immoral passion. AT: "to be sexually immoral like her" or "to get drunk like her in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# her immoral passion + +Babylon is spoken of as if it were a prostitute who has caused other people to sin along with her. This may well have a double meaning: literal sexual immorality and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/09.md b/rev/14/09.md index 8a81c5f80f..23a54738dd 100644 --- a/rev/14/09.md +++ b/rev/14/09.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# with a loud voice -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +"loudly" -## translationNotes +# will also drink some of the wine of God's wrath -* **will drink the wine of God's wrath** - Here "drink the wine" means to experience God's wrath. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that has been prepared** - AT: "that God has prepared" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **cup of his anger** - The cup is filled with the wine that represents God's anger. -* **poured unmixed** - This refers to wine that is not diluted with water. This means that they will experience God's full wrath. -* **his holy angels** - "God's holy angels" +Drinking the wine of God's wrath is a symbol for being punished by God. AT: "will also drink some of the wine that represents God's wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# that has been poured undiluted + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that God has poured full strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that has been poured undiluted + +This means that the wine has no water mixed into it. It is strong, and a person who drinks much of it will get very drunk. As a symbol, it means that God will be extremely angry, not just a little angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# cup of his anger + +This symbolic cup holds the wine that represents God's anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/11.md b/rev/14/11.md index 37ee7bfc02..0ab0d4b7be 100644 --- a/rev/14/11.md +++ b/rev/14/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The third angel continues to speak. -## translationNotes +# The smoke from their torment -* **from their torment** - "from their continual-pain" +The phrase "their torment" refers to the fire that torments them. AT: "The smoke from the fire that torments them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have no rest + +"they have no relief" or "the torment does not stop" + +# day or night + +These two parts of the day are used to refer to all of the time. AT: "ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Here is a call for the patient endurance of those who are holy + +"Those who are holy must endure patiently and be faithful." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 13:10](../13/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/13.md b/rev/14/13.md index cbc2c78074..57c947c4ee 100644 --- a/rev/14/13.md +++ b/rev/14/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the dead who die -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:labor]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"those who die" -## translationNotes +# who die in the Lord -* **for their deeds will follow them** - AT: "for God will reward them for their deeds" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"who are united to the Lord and die." This may refer to people who are killed by their enemies. AT: "who die because they are united to the Lord" + +# labors + +difficulties and sufferings + +# their deeds will follow them + +These deeds are spoken of as if they were alive and able to follow those who did them. Possible meanings are 1) "others will know the good deeds these people have done" or 2) "God will reward them for their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/14.md b/rev/14/14.md index 046833bc33..0cc43bc723 100644 --- a/rev/14/14.md +++ b/rev/14/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:sonofman]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This part is about the Son of Man harvesting the earth. Harvesting the grain is a symbol of God's judging people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# one like a son of man -* **one like a Son of Man** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:12]]. -* **sickle** - a tool with a curved bladed used for cutting grass, grain, and vines -* **came out of the temple** - "came out of the heavenly temple" -* **the earth was harvested** - AT: "he harvested the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:13](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# golden crown + +This was the likeness of a wreath of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. + +# sickle + +a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# came out of the temple + +"came out of the heavenly temple" + +# the time to reap has come + +Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the earth was harvested + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he harvested the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/17.md b/rev/14/17.md index 53f87a8755..8bfdad0826 100644 --- a/rev/14/17.md +++ b/rev/14/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +John continues describing his vision about the earth being harvested. -## translationNotes +# who had authority over the fire -* 16]]) +Here "authority over" refers to responsibility to tend the fire. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/19.md b/rev/14/19.md index 6c6da3b91a..8e9912ccbb 100644 --- a/rev/14/19.md +++ b/rev/14/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# great wine vat ... winepress -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +These refer to the same container. -## translationNotes +# the great wine vat of God's wrath -* 16]]) -* **great wine vat...winepress** - These refer to the same container. -* **bridle** - a device that goes around a horse's head and is used for directing the horse +"the large wine vat where God will show his wrath" + +# up to the height of a horse's bridle + +"as high as the bridle in a horse's mouth" + +# bridle + +a device made of leather straps that goes around a horse's head and is used for directing the horse + +# 1,600 stadia + +"one thousand six hundred stadia" or "sixteen hundred stadia." A "stadium" is 185 meters. In modern measures this would be about "300 kilometers" or "200 miles." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/intro.md b/rev/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ed6efa0905 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Revelation 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Victorious over the beast" ##### +This is victory in the spiritual battles occurring during this time. While most spiritual battles cannot be seen, the book of Revelation pictures a time of great spiritual battles openly occurring. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Mark of the beast ##### +John has spent some time discussing the mark given by the beast. Many scholars believe this chapter teaches that those who receive this mark will face eternal punishment in hell. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Harvest ##### +This is a common image used in scripture. The harvest illustrates a time when good things come to fruition. It is commonly used to refer to people coming to faith in Jesus, but this is not how John uses it here. It is used to describe the culmination of God's plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/01.md b/rev/15/01.md index 011abbce87..169552da53 100644 --- a/rev/15/01.md +++ b/rev/15/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +This verse is a summary of what will happen in 15:6-16:21. -## translationNotes +# great and marvelous -* **Then I saw...is completed** - Here 15:1 is a summary of what will happen in 15:2-16:21. -* **great and marvelous** - AT: "something that greatly amazed me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **for with them the wrath of God is completed** - AT: "for these plagues complete the wrath of God." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These words have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. AT: "something that greatly amazed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# seven angels with seven plagues + +"seven angels who had authority to send seven plagues on the earth" + +# which are the final plagues + +"and after them, there will not be any more plagues" + +# for with them the wrath of God will be completed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for these plagues will complete the wrath of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for with them the wrath of God will be completed + +Possible meanings are 1) these plagues will show all of God's anger or 2) after these plagues, God will no longer be angry. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/02.md b/rev/15/02.md index 80c7944377..3817a7dd6f 100644 --- a/rev/15/02.md +++ b/rev/15/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +Here John begins to describe his vision of the people who had been victorious over the beast and who are praising God. -## translationNotes +# sea of glass +How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are 1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. AT: "a sea that was as smooth as glass" or 2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. AT: "glass that was spread out like a sea." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who had been victorious over the beast and his image + +How they were victorious can be stated clearly. AT: "who had been victorious over the beast and his image by not worshiping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# over the number representing his name + +How they were victorious over the number can be stated clearly. AT: "over the number representing his name by not being marked with that number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the number representing his name + +This refers to the number described in [Revelation 13:18](../13/18.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/03.md b/rev/15/03.md index 2bbf17689d..71ff58ec32 100644 --- a/rev/15/03.md +++ b/rev/15/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They were singing -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"Those who had been victorious over the beast were singing" -## translationNotes +# Who will not fear you, Lord, and glorify your name? -* **your righteous acts have been made known** - AT: "everyone has seen and understood your righteous acts." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This question is used to show their amazement at how great and glorious the Lord is. It can be expressed as an exclamation. AT: "Lord, everyone will fear you and glorify your name!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# glorify your name + +The phrase "your name" refers to God. AT: "glorify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your righteous deeds have been revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have made everyone know about your righteous deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/05.md b/rev/15/05.md index 46a4abde1b..09961d8f68 100644 --- a/rev/15/05.md +++ b/rev/15/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:clothed]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:tentofmeeting]] +The seven angels with the seven plagues come out of the most holy place. They were spoken of previously in [Revelation 15:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# After these things -* **After these things** - "After the people finished singing" -* **sash** - a decorative piece of cloth worn on the upper body +"After the people finished singing" + +# the seven angels holding the seven plagues + +These angels were seen as holding seven plagues because in [Revelation 17:7](./07.md) they are given seven bowls full of the wrath of God. + +# linen + +a fine, expensive cloth made from flax + +# sashes + +A sash is a decorative piece of cloth worn on the upper body. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/07.md b/rev/15/07.md index 94e50294ba..e0701f2d45 100644 --- a/rev/15/07.md +++ b/rev/15/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the four living creatures -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +"living being" or "living thing." See how you translated "living creatures" in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md) -## translationNotes +# seven golden bowls full of the wrath of God -* **the four living creatures** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:04:06]]. +The image of the wine in the bowls can be stated clearly. The word "wrath" here refers to punishment. The wine is a symbol for punishment. AT: "seven gold bowls full of the wine that represents the wrath of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# until the seven plagues of the seven angels were completed + +"until the seven angels finished sending the seven plagues to the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/intro.md b/rev/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b784ccee4f --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Revelation 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The events and pictures described in this chapter occur in heaven. + +Some translations set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 15:3-4, which is a quotation of the song the angels were singing. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The most holy place, in which was the tent of witness, was open in heaven" ##### +This statement has led some scholars to believe that the Jewish temple reflected a scene in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Songs ##### + +Heaven is often described as a place where people sing. These are songs of worship to God. This illustrates that heaven is a place where God is continually worshiped. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/01.md b/rev/16/01.md index 87ddf995c4..0ace931b5a 100644 --- a/rev/16/01.md +++ b/rev/16/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +John continues to describe the part of the vision about the seven angels with the seven plagues. The seven plagues are the seven bowls of God's wrath. -## translationNotes +# I heard -* **I heard** - the writer John ([[:en:bible:notes:rev:01:09]]) heard -* **bowls of God's wrath** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:rev:15:07]]. +The word "I" refers to John. + +# bowls of God's wrath + +The image of the wine in the bowls can be stated clearly. The word "wrath" here refers to punishment. The wine is a symbol for punishment. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 15:7](../15/07.md). AT: "bowls full of the wine that represents God's wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/02.md b/rev/16/02.md index af713bccbd..7433364fdb 100644 --- a/rev/16/02.md +++ b/rev/16/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# poured out his bowl -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# painful sores -* **poured out his bowl** - AT: "poured out the wine in his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath which was in his bowl" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **painful sores** - "painful wounds." These could be infections from diseases or injuries that have not healed. -* **mark of the beast** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:13:15]]. +"painful wounds." These could be infections from diseases or injuries that have not healed. + +# mark of the beast + +This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:17](../13/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/03.md b/rev/16/03.md index 60e8eb4cb6..fa6ece2bf2 100644 --- a/rev/16/03.md +++ b/rev/16/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# poured out his bowl -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the sea -* **poured out his bowl** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:16:02]] -* **the sea** - This refers to all bodies of salt water in the world. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **like the blood of a dead person** - This means the water became red and thick and smelled bad. +This refers to all the salt water lakes and oceans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/04.md b/rev/16/04.md index 2511f45247..f9c10ce859 100644 --- a/rev/16/04.md +++ b/rev/16/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# poured out his bowl -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:holyone]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# rivers and the springs of water -* **poured out his bowl** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:16:02]]. -* **rivers and the springs of water** - This refers to all bodies of fresh water. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **angel of the waters** - This refers to third angel. He was in charge of pouring out God's wrath on the rivers and the springs of water. -* **You are just** - "You" refers to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **the one who is and who was** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:04]]. -* **they poured out the blood of your saints and prophets** - AT: "evil people murdered the saints and prophets." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **you have given them blood to drink** - God will make the evil people drink the waters that he turned to blood. -* **I heard the altar reply** - Possible meanings are 1) "I heard the angel near the altar say" or 2) "I heard the souls of the saints under the altar say" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to all bodies of fresh water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the angel of the waters + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the third angel who was in charge of pouring out God's wrath on the rivers and springs of water or 2) this was another angel who was in charge of all the waters. + +# You are righteous + +"You" refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the one who is and who was + +"God who is and who was." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). + +# they poured out the blood of the believers and prophets + +Here "poured out the blood" means killed. AT: "evil people murdered the believers and prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have given them blood to drink + +God will make the evil people drink the waters that he turned to blood. + +# I heard the altar reply + +The word "altar" here refers perhaps to someone at the altar. "I heard someone at the altar reply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/08.md b/rev/16/08.md index d140b6a7da..3c8d9a9797 100644 --- a/rev/16/08.md +++ b/rev/16/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# poured out his bowl -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:blasphemy]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# it was given permission to scorch the people -* **poured out his bowl** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:16:02]]. -* **it was given permission to scorch the people** - John speaks about the sun as if it were a person. AT: "and caused the sun to severely burn the people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They were scorched by the terrible heat** - AT: "The extreme heat burned them badly" -* **they blasphemed the name of God** - AT: "they blasphemed God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +John speaks about the sun as if it were a person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "and caused the sun to severely burn the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They were scorched by the terrible heat + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The extreme heat burned them badly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they blasphemed the name of God + +Here the name of God represents God. AT: "they blasphemed God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God, who has the power over these plagues + +This phrase reminds readers of something they already know about God. It helps to explain why the people were blaspheming God. AT: "God because he has the power over these plagues" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# the power over these plagues + +This refers to the power to inflict these plagues on people, and the power to stop the plagues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/10.md b/rev/16/10.md index 44ac44f30f..065065ae40 100644 --- a/rev/16/10.md +++ b/rev/16/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# poured out his bowl -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the throne of the beast -* **poured out his bowl** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:16:02]]. -* **the throne of the beast** - the center of the beast's power, possibly the kingdom's capital city (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **They gnawed** - the people in the beast's kingdom gnawed. -* **They insulted** - "They cursed" +This is where the beast reigns from. It may refer to the capital city of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# darkness covered its kingdom + +Darkness is spoken of as if it were something like a blanket. AT: "it became dark in all his kingdom" or "all of his kingdom became dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They chewed ... They blasphemed + +This refers to the people in the beast's kingdom. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/12.md b/rev/16/12.md index 46935b3175..9479c26e5f 100644 --- a/rev/16/12.md +++ b/rev/16/12.md @@ -1,28 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# poured out his bowl -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beast|beast]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord|day of the Lord, day of Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:demon|demon, evil spirit, unclean spirit]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:euphrates|Euphrates]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet|false prophet]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:miracle|miracle, wonder, sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sign|sign (proof, reminder)]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:world|world, worldly]] +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the Euphrates. Its water was dried up -* **the Euphrates, and its water was dried up** - AT: "the Euphrates and caused the water to dry up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **looked like frogs** - A frog is a small animal that lives near water. Jews considered them unclean animals. -* **dragon** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:12:03]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Euphrates. Its water dried up" or "the Euphrates, and caused its water to dry up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# looked like frogs + +A frog is a small animal that lives near water. Jews considered them unclean animals. + +# dragon + +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/15.md b/rev/16/15.md index 90f7189ed6..569f0802e9 100644 --- a/rev/16/15.md +++ b/rev/16/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:hebrew]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +Verse 15 is a break from the main storyline of John's vision. These are words spoken by Jesus. The storyline continues in verse 16. -## translationNotes +# Look! I am coming -* **I am coming like a thief** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:rev:03:03]]. -* **they see his shameful condition** - Here the word "they" refers to other people. -* **They brought them together** - "The spirits of the demons brought the kings and their armies together" -* **the place that is called** - "the place that people call" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Armageddon** - This is the name of a place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +It can be stated clearly that the Lord Jesus was saying this as in the UDB. The parentheses are used here to show that this is not part of the storyline in the vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am coming as a thief + +Jesus will come at a time when people do not expect him, just as a thief comes when not expected. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# keeping his garments on + +Living the right way is spoken of as keeping one's clothes on. AT: "doing what is right, like keeping his clothes on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keeping his garments on + +Some versions translate, "keeping his garments with him." + +# they see his shameful condition + +Here the word "they" refers to other people. + +# They brought them together + +"The spirits of the demons brought the kings and their armies together" + +# the place that is called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the place that people call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Armageddon + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/17.md b/rev/16/17.md index d2252bb70b..219c205a39 100644 --- a/rev/16/17.md +++ b/rev/16/17.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:holyplace]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The seventh angel pours out the seventh bowl of God's wrath. -## translationNotes +# poured out his bowl -* God completely destroys Babylon. -* **poured out his bowl** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:16:02]]. -* **Then a loud voice came out of the most holy place and from the throne** - This means someone sitting on the throne or someone standing near the throne spoke loudly. It is unclear who is speaking. -* **The great city was split ** - AT: "The earthquake split the great city" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Then God called to mind** - "Then God remembered" or "Then God thought of" -* **he gave that city the cup filled with the wine made from his furious wrath** - God severely punished the people and made them suffer badly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he gave that city the cup** - "he forced that city to drink from the cup" -* **the wine made from** - AT: "the wine that represents" +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then a loud voice came out of the temple and from the throne + +This means someone sitting on the throne or someone standing near the throne spoke loudly. It is unclear who is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flashes of lightning + +Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/04.md). + +# rumbles, crashes of thunder + +These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/04.md). + +# The great city was split + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The earthquake split the great city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then God called to mind + +"Then God remembered" or "Then God thought of" or "Then God started to pay attention to." This does not mean that God remembered something he had forgotten. + +# he gave that city the cup filled with the wine made from his furious wrath + +The wine is a symbol of his wrath. Making people drink it is a symbol of punishing them. AT: "he made the people of that city drink the wine that represents his wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/20.md b/rev/16/20.md index f9a0c6f74b..6c8f5aef83 100644 --- a/rev/16/20.md +++ b/rev/16/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:biblicalweight]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:hail]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] +This is part of the seventh bowl of God's wrath. -## translationNotes +# the mountains were no longer found +The inability to see any mountains is metonymy expressing the idea that no mountains existed any longer. AT: "there were no longer any mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a talent + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "33 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/intro.md b/rev/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ef96693fb --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Revelation 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms the conclusion of a major section of the book of Revelation, ending the period of wrath or great judgment by God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +Some translations set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 16:5-7, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The most holy place" ##### + +This statement has led some scholars to believe that the Jewish temple reflected a scene in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Seven bowl judgments ##### +This chapter reveals judgments called the seven bowl judgments. The judgments are pictured as being poured out, emphasizing their quickness and totality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +The tone of this chapter is meant to shock the reader. This should not be minimized in translation. + +##### Armageddon ##### + +This is a word in Hebrew. Paul does not translate this word into Greek but chooses to transliterate it by transferring it into Greek using Greek letters instead of Hebrew letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this word either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this without translating its meaning. +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/01.md b/rev/17/01.md index 5c79fc8ffe..14ca00e33e 100644 --- a/rev/17/01.md +++ b/rev/17/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +John begins to describe the part of his vision about the great prostitute. -## translationNotes +# the condemnation of the great prostitute +The noun "condemnation" can be expressed with the verb "condemn." AT: "how God will condemn the great prostitute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the great prostitute + +"the prostitute that everyone knows about." She represents a certain sinful city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# on many waters + +If you need to, you can use a more specific word for the kind of water. AT: "on many rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is with the wine of her sexual immorality that the earth's inhabitants became drunk + +The wine represents sexual immorality. AT: "The people of the earth became drunk by drinking her wine, that is, they were sexually immoral" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# her sexual immorality + +This may well have a double meaning: sexual immorality among people and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/03.md b/rev/17/03.md index 30dbae75da..519d433d98 100644 --- a/rev/17/03.md +++ b/rev/17/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] +The setting changes from John being in heaven to being in a wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# pearls -* **pearl** - a smooth, hard, and white bead (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# On her forehead was written a name + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone had written on her forehead a name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). + +# Babylon the great + +If it needs to be made clear that the name refers to the woman, it can be put in a sentence. AT: "I am Babylon, the powerful one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/06.md b/rev/17/06.md index 40d2d91734..4578fef69f 100644 --- a/rev/17/06.md +++ b/rev/17/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:amazed]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:drunk]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] +The angel begins to explain to John the meaning of the prostitute and the red beast. The angel explains these things through verse 18. -## translationNotes +# was drunk with the blood ... and with the blood -* **drunk with the blood** - This means she has hurt and killed many believers in Jesus. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the martyrs** - These are believers who have died for their faith in Jesus. -* **Why are you astonished?** - "You should not be astonished." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +"was drunk because she had drunk the blood ... and had drunk the blood" + +# the martyrs for Jesus + +"the believers who have died because they told others about Jesus" + +# astonished + +"amazed" or "surprised" + +# Why are you astonished? + +The angel used this question to gently scold John. AT: "You should not be astonished!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/08.md b/rev/17/08.md index df2b242b7f..48d5d239dd 100644 --- a/rev/17/08.md +++ b/rev/17/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the bottomless pit -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:bookoflife]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] +This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). -## translationNotes +# Then it will go on to destruction -* The angel continues speaking to John. -* **those whose names have not been written** - AT: "those names that Jesus has not written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The noun "destruction" can be translated with a verb. AT: "Then he will be destroyed" or "Then God will destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will go on to destruction + +The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those whose names have not been written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whose names God did not write" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# since the foundation of the world + +The angel speaks of God creating the world as if he laid the world's foundation, like one would lay the foundation of a building. AT: "before God created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/09.md b/rev/17/09.md index 84e156ac65..1d856870ab 100644 --- a/rev/17/09.md +++ b/rev/17/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +The angel continues speaking. Here he explains the meaning of the seven heads of the beast that the woman is riding. -## translationNotes +# This calls for a mind that has wisdom -* The angel continues speaking to John. -* **seven hills on which the woman is seated** - Here, "seated" means she has power over these places and people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The abstract nouns "mind" and "wisdom" can be expressed with "think" and "wise" or "wisely." Why a wise mind is needed can be stated clearly. AT: "A wise mind is needed in order to understand this" or "You need to think wisely in order to understand this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# This calls for + +"This makes it necessary to have" + +# The seven heads are seven hills + +Here "are" means "stand for" or "represent." + +# Five kings have fallen + +The angel speaks of dying as falling. AT: "Five kings have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# one exists + +"one is king now" or "one king is alive now" + +# the other has not yet come; when he comes + +Not having existed yet is spoken of as not yet having come. AT: "the other has not yet become king; when he becomes king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he can remain only for a little while + +The angel speaks of someone continuing to be king as if he were remaining in a place. AT: "he can be king only for a little while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/11.md b/rev/17/11.md index bd6cb53797..292ea155f4 100644 --- a/rev/17/11.md +++ b/rev/17/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# it is one of those seven kings -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:king]] +Possible meanings are 1) the beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king or 2) the beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them. -## translationNotes +# it is going to destruction -* The angel continues speaking to John. +The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. AT: "it will certainly be destroyed" or "God will surely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/12.md b/rev/17/12.md index e9c0d7e0a8..f74e1fc1f4 100644 --- a/rev/17/12.md +++ b/rev/17/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +The angel continues speaking to John. Here he explains the meaning of the ten horns of the beast. -## translationNotes +# for one hour -* The angel continues speaking to John. +If your language does not divide the day into 24 hours, you may need to use a more general expression. AT: "for a very short time" or "for a very small part of a day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# These are of one mind + +"These all think the same thing" or "These all agree to do the same thing" + +# the Lamb + +A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the called ones, the chosen ones, and the faithful ones + +This refers to one group of people. The words "called" and "chosen" can be expressed in active form. AT: "the called, chosen, and faithful ones" or "the ones whom God has called and chosen, who are faithful to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/15.md b/rev/17/15.md index f7889709cd..7bc6e05225 100644 --- a/rev/17/15.md +++ b/rev/17/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The waters you saw, where the prostitute is seated, are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +Here "are" stands for "represent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The waters -* **The waters you saw, where the prostitute is seated** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:rev:17:01]] -* **peoples, multitudes, nations, languages** - All of these terms have similar meanings and are listed for emphasis. AT: "all the people of the world." +If you need to, you can use a more specific word for the kind of water. See how you translated "many waters" in [Revelation 17:1](./01.md). AT: "The rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# multitudes + +"large groups of people" or "great numbers of people" + +# languages + +This refers to people who speak the languages. See how you translated this in [Revelation 10:11](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/16.md b/rev/17/16.md index 6e4b31b306..2bfe7eb276 100644 --- a/rev/17/16.md +++ b/rev/17/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# make her desolate and naked -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"steal everything that she has and leave her with nothing" -## translationNotes +# they will devour her flesh -* The angel continues speaking to John -* **make her desolate and naked** - "steal everything that she has and leave her with nothing" -* **they will devour her flesh, and they will burn her completely with fire** - Both of these clauses mean they will completely destroy her. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **until God's words are fulfilled** - AT: "until God fulfills what He said will happen" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Destroying her completely is spoken of as eating all her flesh. "They will destroy her completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For God has put it into their hearts to carry out his purpose by agreeing to give ... until God's words are fulfilled + +They would agree to give their power to the beast, but it would not be that they want to obey God. AT: "For God has put it into their hearts to agree to give ... until God's words are fulfilled, and by doing this, they would carry out God's purpose" + +# God has put it into their hearts + +The heart represents desires. Making them want to do something is spoken of as putting it in their hearts to do it. AT: "God has made them want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# power to rule + +"authority" or "kingly authority" + +# until God's words are fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until God fulfills what he said will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/18.md b/rev/17/18.md index 9f178e002f..d3e32d2b73 100644 --- a/rev/17/18.md +++ b/rev/17/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:king]] +The angel finishes speaking to John about the prostitute and the beast. -## translationNotes +# is -* The angel continues speaking to John. +Here "is" stands for "represents." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the great city that rules + +When it says that the city rules, it means that the leader of the city rules. AT: "the great city whose leader rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/intro.md b/rev/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a133bd170d --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Revelation 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prostitute ##### +The Jews were often pictured as adulterous people and occasionally as prostitutes. This is not necessarily the reference here. The context may favor identifying the prostitute as Satan, but the translator should allow this illustration to be vague. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Seven hills ##### +This is possibly a reference to the city of Rome, which was said to sit atop seven hills. However, the translator should not attempt to identify the seven hills in the translation. + +=##### Important figures of speech in this chapter ##### + +==Metaphors == +John uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He gives some explanation of their meaning, but allows them to remain relatively unclear. The translator should attempt to do the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The beast you saw existed, does not exist now, but is about to come up " ##### +This phrase is intended to contrast the statement that Jesus "was and is and is to come" used elsewhere in Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: the beast "is himself also an eighth king; but he is one of those seven kings." The translator should not attempt to resolve this paradox and it should remain a mystery. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/01.md b/rev/18/01.md index 44d2731402..fef30b3360 100644 --- a/rev/18/01.md +++ b/rev/18/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:demon]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Another angel comes down from heaven and speaks. This is a different angel than the one in the previous chapter, who spoke about the prostitute and the beast. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **detestable bird** - "disgusting bird" or "repulsive bird" -* **For all the nations** - This phrase refers to people of every nation (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **have drunk of the wine...sexual immorality with her** - This means the people of the nations have joined with the city of Babylon and have shared in her sins. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **that brings her wrath** - "that causes God to punish her" -* **merchant** - a person who sells things -* **by the power of** - AT: "because she spent so much money on her luxuries" +The pronouns "she" and "her" refer to the city of Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great + +The angel speaks of Babylon having been destroyed as if it had fallen. See how you translated this in [Revelation 14:8](../14/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# detestable bird + +"disgusting bird" or "repulsive bird" + +# all the nations + +The nations is a metonym for the people of those nations. AT: "the people of all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have drunk the wine of her immoral passion + +This is a symbol for participating in her sexually immoral passion. AT: "have become sexually immoral like her" or "have become drunk like her in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# her immoral passion + +Babylon is spoken of as if it were a prostitute who has caused other people to sin along with her. This may well have a double meaning: literal sexual immorality and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# merchants + +A merchant is a person who sells things. + +# from the power of her sensual way of living + +"because she spent so much money on sexual immorality" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/04.md b/rev/18/04.md index 5c068d90f8..574a5d31cd 100644 --- a/rev/18/04.md +++ b/rev/18/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Another voice from heaven begins to speak. -## translationNotes +# General Information: +The pronouns "she" and "her" refer to the city of Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# another voice + +The word "voice" refers to the speaker, which is probably either Jesus or the Father. AT: "someone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Her sins have piled up as high as heaven + +The voice speaks of Babylon's sins as if they were objects that could form a pile. AT: "Her sins are so many they are like a pile that reaches heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# remembered + +"thought of" or "started to pay attention to." This does not mean that God remembered something he had forgotten. See how you translated "called to mind" in [Revelation 16:19](../16/17.md). + +# Pay her back as she has paid others back + +The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. AT: "Punish her as she has punished others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# repay her double + +The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. AT: "punish her twice as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the cup she mixed, mix double the amount for her + +The voice speaks of causing others to suffer as preparing strong wine for them to drink. AT: "prepare for her the wine of suffering that is twice as strong as what she made for others" or "make her suffer twice as much as she made others suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mix double the amount + +Possible meanings are 1) "prepare twice the amount" or 2) "make it twice as strong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/07.md b/rev/18/07.md index 0b6f9d48e9..5d0e591e3b 100644 --- a/rev/18/07.md +++ b/rev/18/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:famine]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] +The same voice from heaven continues speaking about Babylon as if it were a woman. -## translationNotes +# she glorified herself -* The voice from heaven continues speaking. -* **she glorified herself** - "the people of Babylon glorified themselves" -* **She will be consumed by fire** - AT: "Fire will completely burn her up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"the people of Babylon glorified themselves" + +# I am seated as a queen + +She claims to be a ruler, having her own authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I am not a widow + +She implies that she will not be dependent on other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will never see mourning + +Experiencing mourning is spoken of as seeing mourning. AT: "I will never mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her plagues will come + +Existing in the future is spoken of a coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She will be consumed by fire + +Being burned up by fires is spoken of as being eaten up by fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Fire will completely burn her up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/09.md b/rev/18/09.md index 0a1e6d1aea..20e22b615d 100644 --- a/rev/18/09.md +++ b/rev/18/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Babylon]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +John tells what people say about Babylon. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **who committed sexual immorality and went out of control with her** - This means the kings and their people sinned and rebelled against God like the people of Babylon did. -* **Woe, woe** - This is repeated for emphasis. +In these verses the word "her" refers to the city of Babylon. + +# committed sexual immorality and went out of control with her + +"sinned sexually and did whatever they wanted just as the people of Babylon did" + +# afraid of her torment + +The abstract noun "torment" can be translated as a verb. AT: "afraid that they will be tormented as Babylon is" or "afraid that God will torment them as he torments Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Woe, woe + +This is repeated for emphasis. + +# your punishment has come + +Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/11.md b/rev/18/11.md index dc55e1db2b..a2558d66fa 100644 --- a/rev/18/11.md +++ b/rev/18/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# mourn for her -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:cow]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:incense]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +"mourn for the people of Babylon" -## translationNotes +# precious stone, pearls -* **mourn for her** - "mourn for the people of Babylon" -* **marble** - a precious stone used for building -* **spice** - a substance used to add flavor to food +"many kinds of expensive stones." See how you translated these in [Revelation 17:4](../17/03.md). + +# fine linen + +expensive cloth made from flax. See how you translated "linen" in [Revelation 15:6](../15/05.md). + +# purple + +"purple cloth" + +# silk + +This is soft, strong cloth made from the fine string that silkworms make when they make their cocoons. AT: "expensive cloth" or "fine cloth" or "beautiful cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# scarlet + +"red cloth" + +# every vessel of ivory + +"all kinds of containers made of ivory" + +# ivory + +a beautiful hard, white material that people get from the tusks or teeth of very large animals such as elephants or walruses. AT: "tusks" or "valuable animal teeth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# marble + +a precious stone used for building (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# cinnamon + +a spice that smells nice and comes from the bark of a certain kind of tree + +# spice + +a substance used to add flavor to food or a good smell to oil \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/14.md b/rev/18/14.md index 2eb6829a48..0d397f3cf0 100644 --- a/rev/18/14.md +++ b/rev/18/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# The fruit -* [[en:tw:mighty]] +They speak of good things as if they were fruit. AT: "The good things (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# longed for with all your might -* **The fruit that you** - Here "you" refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **longed for with all your might** - "wanted very much" -* **never to be found again** - AT: "you will never have them again" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"wanted very much" + +# vanished, never to be found again + +Not to be found stands for not existing. This figure of speech can be stated in active form. AT: "vanished; you will never have them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/15.md b/rev/18/15.md index 73b9d3f978..8876d0e625 100644 --- a/rev/18/15.md +++ b/rev/18/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +In these verses, the word "her" refers to the city of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# because of the fear of her torment -* **and was adorned** - AT: "and they adorned themselves" or "and they wore" -* **precious jewels** - "valuable gems" or "treasured gems" -* **pearls** - See how this was translated in [[en:bible:notes:rev:17:03]]. +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "fear" and "torment." AT: "because they will be afraid of God tormenting them they way he torments her" or "because they will be afraid of suffering the way she is suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# weeping and mourning loudly + +This is what the merchants will be doing. AT: "and they will weep and mourn loudly" + +# the great city that was dressed in fine linen + +Throughout this chapter, Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The merchants speak of Babylon as being dressed in fine linen because its people were dressed in fine linen. AT: "the great city, which was like a woman dressed in fine linen" or "the great city, whose women were dressed in fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that was dressed in fine linen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that wore fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was adorned with gold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "adorned herself with gold" or "adorned themselves with gold" or "wore gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# precious jewels + +"valuable gems" or "treasured gems" + +# pearls + +beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:4](../17/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# whose living is made from the sea + +The phrase "from the sea" refers to what they do on the sea. AT: "who travel on the sea to make their living" or "who sail on the sea to different places in order to trade things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/18.md b/rev/18/18.md index 05d6311227..459e359f40 100644 --- a/rev/18/18.md +++ b/rev/18/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hour]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +In these verses the word "they" refers to the sailors and seafarers, and the word "her" refers to the city of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# What city is like the great city? -* **her burning** - The word "her" refers to the city of Babylon. -* **What city is like the great city?** - AT: "No other city is like the great city, Babylon". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +This question shows the people the importance of the city of Babylon. AT: "No other city is like the great city, Babylon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# God has brought your judgment on her + +The noun "judgment" can be expressed with the verb "judge." AT: "God has judged her for you" or "God has judged her because of the bad things she did to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/21.md b/rev/18/21.md index 0acc9d777a..6c69dd5a62 100644 --- a/rev/18/21.md +++ b/rev/18/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:Babylon]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:flute]] -* [[en:tw:harp]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Another angel begins to speak about Babylon. This is a different angel than the ones who have spoken previously. -## translationNotes +# millstone +a large round stone used to crush grain + +# Babylon, the great city, will be thrown down with violence and will not be seen anymore + +God will completely destroy the city. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will violently throw down Babylon, the great city, and it will no longer exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will not be seen anymore + +"no one will see it anymore." Not being seen here means that it will not exist. AT: "it will not exist anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The sound made by harpists, musicians, flute players, and trumpeters will not be heard anymore in you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one in your city will ever again hear the sound that harpists, musicians, flute players, and trumpeters make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in you + +The angel speaks as if Babylon were there listening to him. AT: "in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# will not be heard anymore in you + +"no one will hear them anymore in you." Not being heard here means that they will not be there. AT: "they will not be in your city anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# No craftsman ... will be found in you + +Not being found there means that they will not be there. AT: "No craftsman of any kind will be in your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# No sound of a mill will be heard anymore in you + +The sound of something not being heard means that no one will make that sound. AT: "No one will use a mill in your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/23.md b/rev/18/23.md index dece37e199..8cea885392 100644 --- a/rev/18/23.md +++ b/rev/18/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:bridegroom]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] +The angel who threw the millstone finishes talking. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* The angel continues speaking to the people of Babylon. +The words "you," "your," and "her" refer to Babylon. + +# The voices of the bridegroom and the bride will not be heard in you anymore + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will ever again hear in Babylon the happy voices of a bridegroom and a bride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will not be heard in you anymore + +Not being heard here means that they will not be there. AT: "will not be in your city anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your merchants were the princes of the earth + +The angel speaks of important and powerful people as if they were princes. AT: "your merchants were like princes of the earth" or "your merchants were the most important men in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the nations were deceived by your sorcery + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you deceived the people of the nations with your magic spells" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# In her the blood of prophets and believers was found, and the blood of all who have been killed on the earth + +Blood being found there means that the people there were guilty of killing people. AT: "Babylon is guilty of killing the prophets and believers and all the other people in the world who were killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/intro.md b/rev/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be7a83fed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Revelation 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 19 will continue the material contained in this chapter and both should be seen as a single unit. + +Some translations set apart quotations. This entire chapter contains a series of long quotations that are set apart through the use of indentation in the ULB. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +The angel gives a prophecy about the fall of Babylon. It is spoken of as having already happened even though it had not yet happened. This was common in prophecy and emphasizes the inevitability of the coming judgment. It is also prophesied that the people will lament over the fall of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Metaphors are frequently used in prophecy. This chapter forms a slight break in the apocalyptic style of the book of Revelation overall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/01.md b/rev/19/01.md index b9bc48fcef..8737891f0d 100644 --- a/rev/19/01.md +++ b/rev/19/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:prostitute]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +This is the next part of John's vision. Here he describes the rejoicing in heaven over the fall of the great prostitute, who is the city of Babylon. -## translationNotes +# I heard -* **I heard** - Here "I" refers to John. -* **Hallelujah** - This word means "Praise God" or "Let us praise God." -* **the great prostitute** - This refers to the wicked people who rule over other people of the earth, leading them to worship false gods. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **who corrupted the earth** - AT: "who corrupted the people of the earth" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "I" refers to John. + +# Hallelujah + +This word means "Praise God" or "Let us praise God." + +# the great prostitute + +Here John refers to the city of Babylon whose wicked people rule over all the people of the earth and lead them to worship false gods. He speaks of the wicked people of Babylon as if they were a great prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who corrupted the earth + +Here "the earth" is a metonym for its inhabitants. AT: "who corrupted the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the blood of his servants + +Here "the blood" is a metonym that represents murder. AT: "murdering his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# she herself + +This refers to Babylon. The reflexive pronoun "herself" is used to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/03.md b/rev/19/03.md index 3c4a0a1fd1..4e19caf4f7 100644 --- a/rev/19/03.md +++ b/rev/19/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# They spoke -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:creature]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +Here "They" refers to the crowd of people in heaven. -## translationNotes +# Hallelujah -* **Hallelujah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:19:01]] -* **from her forever and ever** - "from the idolators forever and ever." AT: "from those who have prostituted themselves and will suffer forever and ever" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **twenty-four elders** - four elders** - 24 elders (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +This word means "Praise God" or "Let us praise God." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:1](./01.md). + +# smoke rises from her + +This is an ellipsis. You can include the missing words that are implied. AT: "smoke of the fire that is burning in that city will rise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# from her forever and ever + +"from the idolators forever and ever" or "from those who have prostituted themselves and will suffer forever" + +# from her + +Here "her" refers to Babylon. + +# twenty-four elders + +"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the four living creatures + +"the four living beings" or "the four living things." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md) + +# who was seated on the throne + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who sat on the throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/05.md b/rev/19/05.md index d19f7df857..f96817e535 100644 --- a/rev/19/05.md +++ b/rev/19/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a voice came out from the throne -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Here John speaks of the "voice" as if it were a person. AT: "someone spoke from the throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Praise our God -* **Praise our God** - Here "our" refers to the speaker and all God's servants. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **both the unimportant and the powerful** - The speaker uses these words together to mean all of God's people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +Here "our" refers to the speaker and all God's servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# you who fear him + +Here "fear" does not mean to be afraid of God, but to honor him. AT: "all you who honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# both the unimportant and the powerful + +The speaker uses these words together to mean all of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/06.md b/rev/19/06.md index cada4cbe00..ae6be557ca 100644 --- a/rev/19/06.md +++ b/rev/19/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Then I heard what sounded like the voice of a great number of people, like the roar of many waters, and like loud crashes of thunder -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +John speaks of what he is hearing as if it were like the sound made by a very large crowd of people, a large body of rushing water, and very loud thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# Hallelujah -* **Hallelujah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:19:01]]. +This word means "Praise God" or "Let us praise God." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:1](./01.md). + +# For the Lord + +"Because the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/07.md b/rev/19/07.md index f5764d824a..166d57130d 100644 --- a/rev/19/07.md +++ b/rev/19/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +The voice of the crowd from the previous verse continues speaking. -## translationNotes +# Let us rejoice -* The song that was started in the previous verse continues here -* **Let us rejoice** - Here, "us" refers to all of God's servants. -* **give him the glory** - "give God the glory" -* **wedding celebration of the Lamb...his bride has made herself ready** - This refers to the joining of Jesus and his people together forever. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Lamb** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:05:06]]. +Here "us" refers to all of God's servants. + +# give him the glory + +"give God the glory" or "honor God" + +# wedding celebration of the Lamb ... his bride has made herself ready + +Here John speaks of the joining of Jesus and his people together forever as if it were a wedding celebration. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lamb + +This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# has come + +Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his bride has made herself ready + +John speaks of God's people as if they were a bride who has gotten ready for her wedding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She was permitted to be dressed in bright and clean fine linen + +Here "she" refers to the people of God. John speaks of the righteous acts of God's people as if they were a bright and clean dress that a bride wears on her wedding day. You can state this in active form. AT: "God allowed her to wear a dress of bright and clean fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/09.md b/rev/19/09.md index d9ab04b266..3d60b8a298 100644 --- a/rev/19/09.md +++ b/rev/19/09.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +An angel begins to speak to John. This is likely the same angel who began to speak to John in [Revelation 17:1](../17/01.md). -## translationNotes +# those who are invited -* **the wedding feast of the Lamb** - The wedding refers to the joining of Jesus and his people forever. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I prostrated myself** - To prostrate oneself is to lay on the ground, face down, to show respect and willingness to serve. See note on 19:3 +You can state this in active form. AT: "the people whom God invites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the wedding feast of the Lamb + +Here the angel speaks of the joining of Jesus and his people forever as if it were a wedding feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I prostrated myself + +To prostrate oneself is to lie on the ground, face down, to show respect and willingness to serve. See note in [Revelation 19:3](./03.md). + +# your brothers + +The word "brothers" here refers to all believers, male and female. + +# who hold the testimony about Jesus + +Here holding stands for believing in or announcing. AT: "who speak the truth about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the testimony about Jesus is the spirit of prophecy + +Here "spirit of prophecy" refers to God's Holy Spirit. AT: "for it is the Spirit of God who gives people the power to speak the truth about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/11.md b/rev/19/11.md index fea956b9f8..9e1b82c256 100644 --- a/rev/19/11.md +++ b/rev/19/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +This is the beginning of a new vision. John begins to describe a rider on a white horse. -## translationNotes +# Then I saw heaven open -* **Then I saw heaven open** - This imagery is used to signify the beginning of a new vision. See how you translated this idea in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:04:01]], [[:en:bible:notes:rev:11:19]], and [[:en:bible:notes:rev:15:05]]. -* **He wears a robe that was dipped in blood** - AT: "He wears a robe that was stained with blood" of "He wears a robe dripping with blood" +This imagery is used to signify the beginning of a new vision. See how you translated this idea in [Revelation 4:1](../04/01.md) and [Revelation 11:19](../11/19.md) and [Revelation 15:5](../15/05.md). + +# The one riding it + +The rider is Jesus. + +# It is with justice that he judges and wages war + +Here "justice" refers to what is right. AT: "He judges all people and wages war according to what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# His eyes are like a fiery flame + +John speaks of the rider's eyes as if they shone like a flame of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He has a name written on him + +You can state this in active form. AT: "Someone has written a name on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on him that no one knows but he himself + +"on him, and only he knows the meaning of that name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# He wears a robe that was dipped in blood + +You can state this in an active form. AT: "Blood had covered his robe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his name is called the Word of God + +You can state this in active form. AT: "his name is also the Word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/14.md b/rev/19/14.md index 7fadb9b54e..6d1fb69c8b 100644 --- a/rev/19/14.md +++ b/rev/19/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Out of his mouth goes a sharp sword -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md). -## translationNotes +# strikes down the nations -* **Out of his mouth goes a sharp sword** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:14]]. -* **strikes down the nations** - "destroys the nations" or "brings the nations under his control" -* **rule them with an iron rod** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:12:05]]. -* **He has written on his robe and on his thigh a name** - AT: "On his robe and on his thigh is the name" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"destroys the nations" or "brings the nations under his control" + +# rule them with an iron rod + +John speaks of the rider's power as if he were ruling with an iron rod. See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:5](../12/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He tramples in the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty + +John speaks of the rider's destroying his enemies as if they were grapes that a person tramples in a winepress. Here "wrath" refers to God's punishment of evil persons. AT: "He crushes his enemies according to the judgment of God Almighty, just as a person crushes grapes in a winepress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He has a name written on his robe and on his thigh: + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone has written a name on his robe and thigh:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/17.md b/rev/19/17.md index 1609135173..ff90fc7c6e 100644 --- a/rev/19/17.md +++ b/rev/19/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I saw an angel standing in the sun -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:commander]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +Here "the sun" is a metonym for the light of the sun. AT: "Then I saw an angel standing in the light of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# both free and slave, the unimportant and the powerful -* **both free and slave, the unimportant and the powerful** - The angel uses these words together to mean all people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +The angel uses these two sets of opposite-meaning words together to mean all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/19.md b/rev/19/19.md index 19cc7b59a2..280ec59cd3 100644 --- a/rev/19/19.md +++ b/rev/19/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The beast was captured and with him the false prophet -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The rider on the white horse captured the beast and the false prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the mark of the beast -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:17](../13/15.md). + +# The two of them were thrown alive + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God threw the beast and the false prophet alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fiery lake of burning sulfur + +"the lake of fire that burns with sulfur" or "place full of fire that burns with sulfur" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/21.md b/rev/19/21.md index d13974e587..9a6b0c8d48 100644 --- a/rev/19/21.md +++ b/rev/19/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The rest of them were killed by the sword that came out of the mouth of the one who rode on the horse -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:death|dead]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The rider of the horse killed the remainder of the beast's armies with the sword that extended from his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the sword that came out of the mouth -* **The rest of them** - "The remainder of the beast's army" -* **the sword that came out of the mouth** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:14]]. +The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/intro.md b/rev/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d611b3572c --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Revelation 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 19 continues the material contained in chapter 18 and both should be seen as a single unit. + +Some translations set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 19:1-8, which are extended quotations, and possibly songs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Songs ##### + +Heaven is often described as a place where people sing. These are songs of worship to God. This illustrates that heaven is a place where God is continually worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +##### Wedding celebration ##### + +The wedding celebration or feast is a very important image used in Scripture. In Jewish culture, paradise, or life with God after death, was often pictured as a feast. Here, Jesus pictures it as a wedding feast that a king prepares for his son, who has just gotten married. In addition, Jesus emphasizes that not all people whom God invites will properly prepare themselves to participate. These people will be thrown out from the feast. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/01.md b/rev/20/01.md index 30648ea8ee..9835d75076 100644 --- a/rev/20/01.md +++ b/rev/20/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:serpent]] +John begins to describe a vision of an angel throwing the devil into the bottomless pit. -## translationNotes +# Then I saw -* **Then I saw** - Here "I" refers to John. -* **deep and endless pit** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:09:01]]. -* **dragon** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rev:12:03]]. -* **a thousand years** - "1,000 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **he must be set free** - AT: "God will command the angel to free him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "I" refers to John. + +# bottomless pit + +This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). + +# dragon + +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# sealed it over him + +The angel sealed the pit to keep anyone from opening it. AT: "sealed it to prevent anyone from opening it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# deceive the nations + +Here "nations" is a metonym for the people of the earth. AT: "deceive the people-groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the thousand years + +"1,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# he must be set free + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will command the angel to free him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/04.md b/rev/20/04.md index afeffe3054..7e150adeb1 100644 --- a/rev/20/04.md +++ b/rev/20/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +This is the next part of John's vision. He describes suddenly seeing thrones and the souls of believers. -## translationNotes +# who had been given authority to judge -* **who had been beheaded** - AT: "whose heads others had cut off" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God had given authority to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who had been beheaded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose heads others had cut off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the testimony about Jesus and for the word of God + +"because they had spoken the truth about Jesus and about the word of God" + +# They came to life + +"They came back to life" or "They became alive again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/05.md b/rev/20/05.md index f88ce4f42a..22c63dba00 100644 --- a/rev/20/05.md +++ b/rev/20/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# The rest of the dead -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] +"All of the other dead people" -## translationNotes +# the thousand years were ended -* **The rest of the dead** - "All of the other dead people" -* **thousand years were ended** - "the end of the 1,000 years" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **The second death has no power over such as these** - Here John describes "death" as a person with power. AT: "These people will not experience the second death" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the second death** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:02:10]]. +"the end of the 1,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Over these the second death has no power + +Here John describes "death" as a person with power. AT: "These people will not experience the second death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the second death + +"dying a second time." This is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](./13.md) and [Revelation 21:08](../21/07.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/10.md). AT: "the final death in the lake of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/07.md b/rev/20/07.md index ddf88964dd..fd157097b5 100644 --- a/rev/20/07.md +++ b/rev/20/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Satan will be released from his prison -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will release Satan from his prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# at the four corners of the earth -* **at the four corners of the earth** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:07:01]]. -* **Gog and Magog** - These are the names that the prophet Ezekiel used to represent far away countries. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **They will be as many as the sand of the sea** - This emphasizes the extremely large number of soldiers in Satan's army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +This is an idiom that means "all over the earth." See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Gog and Magog + +These are the names that the prophet Ezekiel used to represent faraway countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They will be as many as the sand of the sea + +This emphasizes the extremely large number of soldiers in Satan's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/09.md b/rev/20/09.md index 90da82fde1..d6bea62b23 100644 --- a/rev/20/09.md +++ b/rev/20/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# They went -* [[en:tw:beast]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] +"Satan's army went" -## translationNotes +# the beloved city -* **They went** - "Satan's army went" -* **lake of burning sulfur** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:19:19]]. +This refers to Jerusalem. + +# fire came down from heaven and devoured them + +Here John speaks of fire as if it were alive. AT: "God sent fire from heaven to burn them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The devil, who deceived them, was thrown into + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God threw the devil, who had deceived them, into" or "God's angel threw the devil, who had deceived them, into" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lake of burning sulfur + +"the lake of fire that burns with sulfur" or "place full of fire that burns with sulfur." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:20](../19/19.md). + +# where the beast and the false prophet had been thrown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where he had also thrown the beast and the false prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be tormented + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will torment them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/11.md b/rev/20/11.md index f4bc14ed9e..54b2c7dba8 100644 --- a/rev/20/11.md +++ b/rev/20/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bookoflife]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +This is the next part of John's vision. He describes suddenly seeing a great white throne and the dead being judged. -## translationNotes +# The earth and the heaven fled away from his presence, but there was no place for them to go -* **The earth and the heaven fled away from his presence, but there was no place for them to go** - John describes heaven and earth as a person who is trying to escape God's judgment. This means the presence of God completely destroyed the old heaven and earth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the mighty and the unimportant** - John combines these words to mean all of the dead people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) -* **the books were opened** - AT: "and the books were open" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +John describes heaven and earth as if they were people who were trying to escape God's judgment. This means that God completely destroyed the old heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the mighty and the unimportant + +John combines these opposite-meaning words to mean all of the dead people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the books were opened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone opened the books" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The dead were judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God judged the people who had died and now lived again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by what was recorded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by what he had recorded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/13.md b/rev/20/13.md index 8d338804b6..7a6f73d672 100644 --- a/rev/20/13.md +++ b/rev/20/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The sea gave up the dead ... Death and Hades gave up the dead -* [[en:tw:bookoflife]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Here John speaks of the sea, death, and Hades as if they were living persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# the dead were judged -* -* **the dead were judged** - AT: "God judged the dead people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the second death** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:02:10]]. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God judged the dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Death and Hades were thrown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God threw Death and Hades" or "God's angel threw Death and Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hades + +Here "Hades" is a metonym that represents the place where unbelievers go when they die, to wait for God's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the second death + +"dying a second time." This is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](./13.md) and [Revelation 21:08](../21/07.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/10.md). AT: "the final death in the lake of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# If anyone's name was not found written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If God's angel did not find a person's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he was thrown into the lake of fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the angel threw him into the lake of fire" or "the angel threw him into the place where fire burns forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/intro.md b/rev/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48effac77e --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Revelation 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is about a period of time often referred to as the "millennial kingdom" because it is a kingdom of a thousand years. This chapter is very significant for understanding the events of the last days and the book of Revelation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The thousand-year reign of Christ ##### +Jesus is said to reign for a thousand years. and all the prophecies in Scripture about worldwide peace will be fulfilled. Scholars are divided over whether this is an actual period of time or if it is an allegory for Christ beginning to reign in people's hearts. It is best to translate this as if Christ is physically reigning on earth for a thousand years and not attempt to input potential symbolism into the text. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +##### Final rebellion ##### +This chapter describes the period of time after Jesus' reign known as the final rebellion. During this time, Satan and many people will attempt to rebel against Jesus. This will result in God's ultimate and final victory over sin and evil before eternity begins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +##### Great white throne ##### +This is an important judgment in heaven after the final rebellion. During this judgment, people who have faith in God are separated from those who reject him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Book of life ##### +The is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this book of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Hades and the lake of fire ##### +These appear to be two distinct places. The translator may wish to do further research to determine how to differentiate these two places, but they should not be equated with each other in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/01.md b/rev/21/01.md index 2a07160d86..0683d7e0d6 100644 --- a/rev/21/01.md +++ b/rev/21/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holycity]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +John begins to describe his vision of the new Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# I saw -* **I saw** - Here "I" refers to John. -* **like a bride adorned for her husband** - This emphasizes that the New Jerusalem was very beautiful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here "I" refers to John. + +# like a bride adorned for her husband + +This compares the new Jerusalem to a bride who has made herself beautiful for her bridegroom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/03.md b/rev/21/03.md index dd740ed5ab..241a5f81b5 100644 --- a/rev/21/03.md +++ b/rev/21/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# a great voice from the throne saying -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The word "voice" refers to the one who speaks. AT: "someone speak loudly from the throne saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Look! -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +The word "Look" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# The dwelling place of God is with human beings, and he will live with them + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God will, indeed, live among men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will wipe away every tear from their eyes + +Tears here represent sadness. See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:17](../07/15.md). AT: "God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears" or "God will cause them to not be sad anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/05.md b/rev/21/05.md index 176863a9ae..15cffbc07d 100644 --- a/rev/21/05.md +++ b/rev/21/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# these words are trustworthy and true -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. AT: "this message is trustworthy and true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the alpha and the omega, the beginning and the end -* **the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End** - These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that God is eternal. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]). -* **the Alpha and the Omega** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:07]]. -* **To the one who thirsts...water of life** - This means God will freely give eternal life to any person that really wants it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize God's eternal nature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]). + +# the alpha and the omega + +These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and who ends all things" or 2) "the one who has always lived and who always will live". If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. AT: "the A and the Z" or "the first and the last." See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the beginning and the end + +Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end" or 2) "the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things." + +# To the one who thirsts ... water of life + +God speaks of a person's desire for eternal life as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/07.md b/rev/21/07.md index f3d2d08d66..8d7aaaa43f 100644 --- a/rev/21/07.md +++ b/rev/21/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:faithless]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:hell]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:sulfur]] +The one seated on the throne continues to speak to John. -## translationNotes +# the cowards -* **the cowardly** - "those who are too afraid to do what is right" -* **the detestable** - "those who do terrible things" -* **the fiery lake of burning sulfur** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:19:19]]. -* **the second death** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:02:10]]. +"those who are too afraid to do what is right" + +# the detestable + +"those who do terrible things" + +# the fiery lake of burning sulfur + +"the lake of fire that burns with sulfur" or "place full of fire that burns with sulfur." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:20](../19/19.md). + +# the second death + +"dying a second time." This is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](../20/13.md) and [Revelation 21:08](./07.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/10.md). AT: "the final death in the lake of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/09.md b/rev/21/09.md index d4ab01a9e1..8306479c1d 100644 --- a/rev/21/09.md +++ b/rev/21/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the bride, the wife of the Lamb -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:holycity]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +The angel speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a woman who is about to marry her groom, the Lamb. Jerusalem is metonymy for those who believers who will inhabit it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the Lamb -* **the bride, the wife of the Lamb** - Here the imagery of a marriage represents Jesus being with his people and his holy city forever. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Lamb** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:05:06]]. -* **Then he carried me away in the Spirit** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:17:03]]. +This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# carried me away in the Spirit + +The setting changes as John is taken to a high mountain where he can see the city of Jerusalem. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 17:3](../17/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/11.md b/rev/21/11.md index 91842f073b..60cfc3745a 100644 --- a/rev/21/11.md +++ b/rev/21/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +This refers to the "Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven" that he described in the previous verse and not to the physical Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# like a very precious jewel, like a stone of crystal-clear jasper -* **Jerusalem** - "the heavenly Jerusalem" or "the new Jerusalem" -* **crystal** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:04:06]]. -* **jasper** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:04:01]]. -* **twelve gates** - "12 gates" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **were written** - AT: "God had written" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the brilliance of Jerusalem by naming a specific jewel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# crystal-clear + +"extremely clear" + +# jasper + +This is a valuable stone. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:3](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# twelve gates + +"12 gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# were written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/14.md b/rev/21/14.md index 7311ba6c46..f989d07cfe 100644 --- a/rev/21/14.md +++ b/rev/21/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Lamb -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] - -## translationNotes - -* **Lamb** - This refers to Jesus. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:05:06]]. +This refers to Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/16.md b/rev/21/16.md index ec6d4a8d59..16045935a5 100644 --- a/rev/21/16.md +++ b/rev/21/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# twelve thousand stadia -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:rod]] +"12,000 stadia." You may convert this to modern measures. AT: "2,200 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## translationNotes +# 144 cubits -* See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] +"one hundred forty-four cubits." You may convert this to modern measures. AT: "66 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/18.md b/rev/21/18.md index 3ee38aeae7..56f22993f7 100644 --- a/rev/21/18.md +++ b/rev/21/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The wall was built of jasper and the city of pure gold -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone had built the wall with jasper and the city with pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# pure gold, like clear glass -* **jasper...emerald...carnelian** - See how you translated these in [[en:bible:notes:rev:04:01]]. -* **sapphire...agate...onyx...chrysolite...beryl...topaz...chrysoprase...jacinth...amethyst** - These are all precious gems. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +The gold was so clear that it is spoken of as if it were glass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The foundations of the wall were adorned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone adorned the foundations of the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# jasper ... emerald ... carnelian + +These are valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal, and carnelian may have been red. Emeralds are green. See how you translated these in [Revelation 4:3](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# sapphire ... agate ... onyx ... chrysolite ... beryl ... topaz ... chrysoprase ... jacinth ... amethyst + +These are all precious gems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/21.md b/rev/21/21.md index ec8c99f946..0e295a3256 100644 --- a/rev/21/21.md +++ b/rev/21/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# pearls -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:4](../17/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# each of the gates was made from a single pearl -* **pearls** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:17:03]]. -* **Lord God...and the Lamb are its temple** - The temple represented God's presence. This means the new Jerusalem does not need a temple since God and the Lamb will live there. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone had made each of the gates from a single pearl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# pure gold, like transparent glass + +The gold was so clear that it is spoken of as if it was glass. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 21:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Lord God ... and the Lamb are its temple + +The temple represented God's presence. This means the new Jerusalem does not need a temple because God and the Lamb will live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/23.md b/rev/21/23.md index 2dac419da9..a26aaa8640 100644 --- a/rev/21/23.md +++ b/rev/21/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# its lamp is the Lamb -* [[en:tw:Lamb]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Here the glory of Jesus, the Lamb, is spoken of as if it were a lamp that gives light to the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# Its gates will not be shut -* **its lamp is the Lamb** - This means the glory of Jesus will also give light to the city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Its gates will not be shut** - AT: "No one will shut the gates" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will shut the gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/26.md b/rev/21/26.md index baa870d130..316059be9b 100644 --- a/rev/21/26.md +++ b/rev/21/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They will bring -* [[en:tw:Lamb]] -* [[en:tw:bookoflife]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +"The kings of the earth will bring" -## translationNotes +# nothing unclean will ever enter into it, nor anyone -* **but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life** - AT: "but only those whose names the Lamb wrote in his book of life" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Lamb** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:05:06]]. +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "only what is clean will ever enter, and never anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# but only those whose names are written in the Lamb's Book of Life + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but only those whose names the Lamb wrote in his Book of Life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Lamb + +This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/intro.md b/rev/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9dd6f4c80f --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Revelation 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives a detailed description of the new Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Second death ##### +Death is a type of separation. The first death is a physical death, the separation of the soul from the body. The second death is the eternal separation from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/soul]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Book of life ##### +The is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this book of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### New heaven and new earth ##### +It is unclear whether this is an entirely new heaven and earth or if it is remade out of the present heaven and earth. The same is also true of the new Jerusalem. It is possible this will affect translation in some languages. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/01.md b/rev/22/01.md index 5206d1b815..adb0645b96 100644 --- a/rev/22/01.md +++ b/rev/22/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:fruit|fruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:heal|heal, cure]] -* [[en:tw:lamb]] -* [[en:tw:lamb|lamb, Lamb of God]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +John continues to describe the new Jerusalem as the angel shows it to him. -## translationNotes +# showed me -* **showed me** - Here "me" refers to John. -* **clear as crystal** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:04:06]]. -* **Lamb** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:05:06]]. -* **twelve kinds of fruit** - "12 kinds of fruit" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) +Here "me" refers to John. + +# the river of the water of life + +"the river flowing with life-giving water" + +# the water of life + +Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Lamb + +This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the nations + +Here "nations" refers to the people who live in every nation. AT: "the people of all nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/03.md b/rev/22/03.md index 629f192ea6..b8fee4b2da 100644 --- a/rev/22/03.md +++ b/rev/22/03.md @@ -1,22 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# There will no longer be any curse -* [[en:tw:Lamb]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:curse|curse, curse]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:forever|forever]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:name|name]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:serve|serve]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] +Possible meanings are 1) "There will never be anyone there that God will curse" or 2) "There will not be anyone there who is under God's curse" -## translationNotes +# his servants will serve him -* **his servants will serve him** - Possible meanings of "his" and "him" are 1) it refers to God the Father, or 2) it refers to God the Lamb, or 3) it refers to both God the Father and the Lamb who rule together as one. +Possible meanings of "his" and "him" are 1) both words refer to God the Father, or 2) both words refer to both God and the Lamb, who rule together as one. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/06.md b/rev/22/06.md index b6c81546f1..8c63e8b54f 100644 --- a/rev/22/06.md +++ b/rev/22/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|bless, blessed, blessing]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:true|true, truth]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] +This is the beginning of the end of John's vision. In verse 6 the angel is speaking to John. In verse 7, Jesus is speaking, as is stated in the UDB. -## translationNotes +# These words are trustworthy and true -* **These words are reliable and true** - See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:rev:21:05]]. -* **Look! I am coming soon** - The quotation marks before this sentence show that the speaker changes between verse 6 and verse 7. Jesus is now speaking in verse 7, as is stated in the UDB. +Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). AT: "This message is trustworthy and true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the God of the spirits of the prophets + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "spirits" refers to the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. AT: "God who inspires the prophets" or 2) the word "spirits" refers to the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. AT: "God who gives his Spirit to the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Look! + +Here Jesus begins to speak. The word "Look" adds emphasis to what follows. + +# I am coming soon! + +It is understood that he is coming in order to judge. See how you translated this in [Revelation 3:11](../03/09.md). AT: "I am coming to judge soon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/08.md b/rev/22/08.md index 4868b86e49..5fd6b1aa01 100644 --- a/rev/22/08.md +++ b/rev/22/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:brother|brother]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle]] -* [[en:tw:johntheapostle|John (the apostle)]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] +John tells his readers about how he responded to the angel. -## translationNotes +# I prostrated myself -* **prostrated** - This means to lay on the ground and stretch out. It was an important part of worship, to show respect and willingness to serve. +This means that John lay on the ground and stretch himself out in reverence or submission. This action was an important part of worship, to show respect and willingness to serve. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/10.md b/rev/22/10.md index 412f3a7bd1..1e7e37e807 100644 --- a/rev/22/10.md +++ b/rev/22/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The angel finishes speaking to John. -## translationNotes +# Do not seal up ... this book -* **He said to me** - "The angel said to me" +To seal a book was to keep it closed with something that makes it impossible for anyone to read what was inside without breaking the seal. The angel is telling John not to keep the message a secret. AT: "Do not keep secret ... this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the words of the prophecy of this book + +Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](./06.md). AT: "This prophetic message of this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/12.md b/rev/22/12.md index bac63c4cee..61f822e66c 100644 --- a/rev/22/12.md +++ b/rev/22/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:reward]] +As the book of Revelation is ending, Jesus gives a closing greeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# the alpha and the omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end -* **the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End** - These three phrases share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that Jesus has been here for all time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]). -* **the Alpha and the Omega** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:07]]. -* **Alpha and Omega** - this should be culturally interpreted. For example, alpha and omega mean nothing to someone who doesn't have knowledge of the Greek alphabet, so they should find an appropriate equivalent in their language/for their culture. -* **the First and the Last** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:01:17]]. -* **the Beginning and the End** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:rev:21:05]]. +These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Jesus has and will exist for all time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]). + +# the alpha and the omega + +These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and who ends all things" or 2) "the one who has always lived and who always will live." If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. AT: "the A and the Z" or "the first and the last." See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the first and the last + +This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the beginning and the end + +Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end" or 2) "the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things." See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/14.md b/rev/22/14.md index 1b2557a57d..47525ec00a 100644 --- a/rev/22/14.md +++ b/rev/22/14.md @@ -1,28 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:bless|blessed]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:clean|wash]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:deceive|falsehood, deceive]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:fornication|fornication, sexual immorality]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:gate|gate, gate bar]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] -* [[en:tw:robe|robe]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery]] -* [[en:tw:sorcery|sorcery]] +Jesus continues giving his closing greeting. -## translationNotes +# those who wash their robes -* **wash their robes...eat from the tree of life** - people who are spiritually clean are able to enjoy the fruits of eternal life - living with God forever. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Outside** - This means they are outside the city and not allowed to enter. -* **are the dogs** - In that culture the dog was an unclean and despised animal. It represents people who are wicked. +Becoming righteous is spoken of as if it were washing one's clothing. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Revelation 7:14](../07/13.md). AT: "those who have become righteous, as if they have washed their robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Outside + +This means they are outside the city and not allowed to enter. + +# are the dogs + +In that culture the dog was an unclean, despised animal. Here the word "dogs" is derogatory and refers to people who are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/16.md b/rev/22/16.md index 40d1df46ea..1caf49f9d8 100644 --- a/rev/22/16.md +++ b/rev/22/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# to testify to you -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:church|church, Church]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testimony, testify]] +Here the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the root and the descendant of David -* **to testify to you** - Here "you" is plural. -* **root and descendant of David** - The words "root" and "descendant" mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Jesus belongs to the family of David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]). -* **the bright Morning Star** - This refers to the bright star that appears early in the morning and indicates that daylight is coming soon. This also represents Jesus as the Messiah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The words "root" and "descendant" mean basically the same thing. Jesus speaks of being a "descendant" as if he were a "root" that grew out of David. Together the words emphasize that Jesus belongs to the family of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). + +# the bright morning star + +Jesus speaks of himself as if he were the bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning and indicates that a new day is about to begin. See how you translated "morning star" in [Revelation 2:28](../02/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/17.md b/rev/22/17.md index db086c66c7..e17d02b11c 100644 --- a/rev/22/17.md +++ b/rev/22/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:bride|bride]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit|Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:water]] +This verse is a response to what Jesus said. -## translationNotes +# the Bride -* **whoever is thirsty...the water of life** - This means God will freely give eternal life to any person that really wants it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Believers are spoken of as if they were a bride about to be married to her groom, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Come! + +Possible meanings are 1) that this is an invitation for people to come and drink the water of life. AT: "Come and drink!" or 2) that this is a polite request for Jesus to return. AT: "Please come!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Whoever is thirsty ... the water of life + +A person's desire for eternal life is spoken of as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the water of life + +Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/18.md b/rev/22/18.md index 11d3baa22f..e367bdcb74 100644 --- a/rev/22/18.md +++ b/rev/22/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:holycity]] -* [[en:tw:holycity|holy city]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophecy]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +John gives his final remarks about the book of Revelation. -## translationNotes +# I testify -* **I testify** - Here "I" refers to John. -* **If anyone adds to them...if anyone takes away** - This is a strong warning to not change anything about this prophecy. -* **written about in this book** - AT: "which I have written about in this book" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "I" refers to John. + +# the words of the prophecy of this book + +Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](./06.md). AT: "This prophetic message of this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If anyone adds to them ... If anyone takes away + +This is a strong warning to not change anything about this prophecy. + +# that are written about in this book + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which I have written about in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/20.md b/rev/22/20.md index 67877b2900..3d782d0d22 100644 --- a/rev/22/20.md +++ b/rev/22/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:amen|amen, truly]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grace|grace, gracious]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:testimony|testify]] +In these verses John gives his and Jesus' closing greetings. -## translationNotes +# The one who testifies -* **I am coming soon** - Here "I" refers to Jesus. -* **everyone** - "every one of you." +"Jesus, who testifies" + +# everyone + +"every one of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/intro.md b/rev/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06ddf8a4fb --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Revelation 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter emphasizes that the prophecies of the book of Revelation are going to take place soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tree of life ##### +There is probably an intended connection between the tree of life in the Garden of Eden and the tree of life mentioned here. The curse that began in Eden will end at this time. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Alpha and Omega ##### + +These are the names of the first and last letters in the Greek alphabet. The ULB spells out their names in English. This strategy can serve as a model for other translators. Some translators, however, may decide to use the first and last letters in their own alphabet, for example, "A and Z" in English. +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/front/intro.md b/rev/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..350d78ee45 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +# Introduction to Revelation # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Revelation #### + +1. Opening (1:1-20) +1. Letters to the seven churches (2:1-3:22) +1. Vision of God in heaven, and a vision of the Lamb (4:1-11) +1. The seven seals (6:1-8:1) +1. The seven trumpets (8:2-13:18) +1. Worshipers of the Lamb, the martyrs, and the harvest of wrath (14:1-20) +1. The seven bowls (15:1-18:24) +1. Worship in heaven (19:1-10) +1. The Lamb's judgment, the destruction of the beast, the thousand years, the destruction of Satan, and the final judgment (20:11-15) +1. The new creation, the new Jerusalem (21:1-22:5) +1. Jesus' promise to return, the witness from the angels, John's closing words, Christ's message to his church, the invitation and the warning (22:6-21) + +#### What is the Book of Revelation about? #### + +Revelation talks about "the end of time." Many commentators understand this to be the entire period of the Christian church, because it has always been under attack. Other interpreters view Revelation's description of events as relating to a more tightly limited period closer to Christ's return to earth. While some of the book gives specific words of prophecy to churches, most of the events described in the book concern the wrath of God being poured out on creation. During this time, the opposition of the antichrist will unfold over a period of seven years. Ultimately, Jesus will be victorious, and all who put their trust in him will live forever with him. This book warns its readers and gives them assurance that God is in control. Eventually, evil and sin will come to an end. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Revelation," "The Revelation of Jesus Christ," "The Revelation to Saint John," or "The Apocalypse of John." Or they may choose a possibly clearer title, such as "The Things that Jesus Christ Showed to John." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Revelation? #### + +The Book of Revelation was probably written by the apostle John. He wrote the Book of Revelation while on the island of Patmos, where he was exiled for preaching the good news about Jesus Christ. + +#### What type of writing is the Book of Revelation? #### + +John uses many images throughout the book to describe the things he saw. He uses a special style typical of writing about the end of this world. Many symbols and events symbolic of other events are usually present in such writing, as well as many dreams and visions. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Are the events of Revelation past or future? #### + +Scholars have many different theories about the Book of Revelation. Some treat the events of the book as symbols, while others treat them as being fulfilled (at least in part) by the destruction of the Jewish temple in A.D. 70. Others believe that the events of the book are entirely set in the future. It is probable that at least many of the events are still for future fulfillment, and that any fulfillment of these prophecies in the past was either partial or a foreshadowing of what would eventually come. If this is allowed by the project language's preferences, the translator should leave the prophecies in the tense they are found in the ULB. + +#### How does the Book of Revelation relate to the rest of scripture? #### + +While the Book of Revelation is very different than the rest of scripture, it is rooted in the Old Testament understanding of the end times. Revelation, Daniel, Ezekiel, Zechariah and a number of other books are all thematically related to each other; they form one cohesive account of the end times. Because of their shared imagery and background, it may be beneficial to translate Revelation about the same time that one translates Daniel. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Does one need to understand the Book of Revelation in order to translate it? #### + +One does not need to have a definite understanding of the theology of the Book of Revelation in order to properly translate it. Symbols should not be given any possible identification to their meaning. The same holds true for numbers, which have great significance in the Book of Revelation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Revelation ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, Revelation ULB uses the following principles: +* In one passage, the context mainly implies moral holiness. Here, the ULB uses "holy." (See: 22:11) +* Usually the context in Revelation mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, Revelation ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 5:8; 8:3, 4; 11:18; 13:7; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:20, 24; 19:8; 20:9) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Revelation? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Revelation: + +* "'I am the Alpha and the Omega,' says the Lord God, 'the one who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty'" (1:8). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some versions add the phrase "the Beginning and the End." +* "the elders lay down and worshiped" (5:14). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "the twenty-four elders lay down and worshiped the one who lives forever and ever." +* "so that a third of it [the earth] was burned up" (8:7). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older versions omit this phrase. +* Some manuscripts add the phrase "and who is to come" (11:17). But the ULB, UDB, and most modern versions do not. +* Some manuscripts add the phrase "before the throne of God" (14:5). But the ULB, UDB, and most modern versions do not. +* "the one who is and who was, the Holy One" (ULB) (16:5). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read, "O Lord, the One who is and who was and who is to be." +* "The nations will walk by the light of that city" (21:24). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read, "The nations that are saved will walk by the light of that city." +* "Blessed are those who wash their robes" (22:14). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read "Blessed are those who do his commandments." +* "God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city" (22:19). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read, "God will take away his share in the book of life and in the holy city." + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +##### Periods of time ##### +There are many different periods of time referenced in Revelation. For example, there are many references to forty-two months, seven years, and three and a half days. Scholars are divided over whether or not these time periods are symbolic. The translator should treat these time periods as referencing actual periods of time. It is then up to the interpreter to determine their significance or what they may represent. It is also probable that these time periods give the Book of Revelation some overall structure, but the exact chronology of these events is very difficult to determine. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/01.md b/rom/01/01.md index 5661cf0fe5..49fe3fe7f3 100644 --- a/rom/01/01.md +++ b/rom/01/01.md @@ -1,43 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Paul -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:apostle|apostle, apostleship]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:call|call, calling, called, call out]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:descendant|descendant]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews|good news, gospel]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:jesus|Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:paul|Paul, Saul]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:promise|promise]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer, prophetess]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave, slavery]] -* [[en:tw:setapart]] -* [[en:tw:setapart|set apart]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod|Son of God, the Son]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. You may also need to tell in this same verse who the people are to whom Paul wrote the letter ([Romans 1:7](./07.md)). AT: "I, Paul, wrote this letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# called to be an apostle, and set apart for the gospel of God -* **Paul** - “From Paul.” Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. This could be translated as “I, Paul, wrote this letter.” You may also need to tell who the letter is to ([[:en:bible:notes:rom:01:01]], see UDB). -* **called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God** - This could be translated as a new sentence and with active verbs. AT: "God called me to be an apostle and chose me to tell people about the gospel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **called** - Here this means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus -* **he promised before by his prophets in the holy scriptures** - God promised his people that he would set up his kingdom. He told the prophets to write these promises in the scriptures. -* **concerning his Son** - This refers to "the gospel of God," the good news that God was to send his Son into the world. -* **who was born out of the descendants of David according to the flesh** - Here the word "flesh" refers to the physical body. AT: "who is a descendant of David according to the physical nature" or "who was born into the family of David" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God called me to be an apostle and chose me to tell people about the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# called + +This means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus. + +# This is the gospel that he promised beforehand by his prophets in the holy scriptures + +God promised his people that he would set up his kingdom. He told the prophets to write these promises in the Scriptures. + +# It is about his Son + +This refers to "the gospel of God," the good news that God promised to send his Son into the world. + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who was born from the descendants of David according to the flesh + +Here the word "flesh" refers to the physical body. AT: "who is a descendant of David according to the physical nature" or "who was born into the family of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/04.md b/rom/01/04.md index d23e9ebee9..bd54a51ec7 100644 --- a/rom/01/04.md +++ b/rom/01/04.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +Paul talks here about his obligation to preach. -## translationNotes +# By resurrection from the dead ones -* **He was declared** - The word "he" refers to Jesus Christ. The phrase "was declared" could be restated with an active verb. AT: "God declared him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **spirit of holiness** - This refers to the Holy Spirit. -* **by the resurrection from the dead** - AT: "by bringing him back to life after he died" -* **we have received grace and apostleship** - AT: "God has graciously given me a gift. He has appointed me to be an apostle" or "God has given me the gracious gift of being an apostle" (See:[[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **we** - Here the word "we" refers to Paul and to the 12 apostles that followed Jesus but excludes the believers in the church in Rome. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **for obedience of faith among all the nations, for the sake of his name** - Paul uses the word "name" to refer to Jesus. AT: "in order to teach all nations to obey because of their faith in Him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"by raising him from among the people who are dead" + +# he was declared to be the powerful Son of God + +The word "he" refers to Jesus Christ. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God declared him to be the powerful Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the powerful Son of God + +Jesus' resurrection proves that he was and is "the Son of God." This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Spirit of holiness + +This refers to the Holy Spirit. + +# we have received grace and apostleship + +God has given Paul the gift of being an apostle. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God caused me to be an apostle. This is a special privilege" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we + +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and to the apostles that followed Jesus but excludes the believers in the church in Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# for obedience of faith among all the nations, for the sake of his name + +Paul uses the word "name" as a metonym to refer to Jesus. AT: "in order to teach all nations to obey because of their faith in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/07.md b/rom/01/07.md index 50de43e653..86c48bddf1 100644 --- a/rom/01/07.md +++ b/rom/01/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This letter is to all who are in Rome, the beloved of God, who are called to be holy people -* [[en:tw:Jesus]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:rome]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "I am writing this letter to all of you in Rome whom God loves and has chosen to become his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# May grace be to you, and peace -* **to all who are in Rome, the beloved of God, and who are called to be saints ** - This can be translated as a new sentence and with an active verb. AT: "I am writing this letter to all of you in Rome whom God loves and has chosen to become his people." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **grace to you and peace ** - This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: “May grace and peace be yours." +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "May God give you grace and peace" or "May God bless you and give you inner peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God our Father + +The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/08.md b/rom/01/08.md index c0c3b34298..deafccf5ee 100644 --- a/rom/01/08.md +++ b/rom/01/08.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# the whole world -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +the world Paul and his readers knew and could travel in, which was the Roman Empire -## translationNotes +# For God is my witness -* **the whole world** - This is an exaggeration referring to the world they knew, which in their case would mean the Roman Empire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **For God is my witness** - Paul emphasizes that he earnestly prays for them and that God has seen him praying. The word "for" is often left untranslated. -* **in my spirit** - Here this means that a person's spirit is the part of him that can know God and believe in him. -* **I make mention of you** - "I talk to God about you" -* **always in my prayers requesting that...I may be successful...in coming to you** - AT: "every time I pray, I ask God that...I may succeed...in coming to visit you" -* **by any means** - AT: "in whatever way God allows" -* **at last** - AT: "eventually" or "finally" -* **by the will of God** - AT: "because God desires it" +Paul emphasizes that he earnestly prays for them and that God has seen him praying. The word "for" is often left untranslated. + +# in my spirit + +A person's spirit is the part of him that can know God and believe in him. + +# the gospel of his Son + +The good news (gospel) of the Bible is that the Son of God has given himself as the Savior of the world. + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I make mention of you + +"I talk to God about you" + +# I always request in my prayers that ... I may at last be successful ... in coming to you + +"Every time I pray, I ask God that ... I may succeed ... in coming to visit you" + +# by any means + +"in whatever way God allows" + +# at last + +"eventually" or "finally" + +# by the will of God + +"because God desires it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/11.md b/rom/01/11.md index d049015b5a..40309c0a50 100644 --- a/rom/01/11.md +++ b/rom/01/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Paul continues his opening statements to the people in Rome by stating his desire to see them in person. -## translationNotes +# For I desire to see you -* **For I desire to see you** - "For I want to see you" -* **For** - AT: "because" -* **some spiritual gift in order to establish you** - AT: "some gift from the Holy Spirit that will help and strengthen you" -* **that is, to be mutually encouraged among you, through each other's faith, yours' and mine** - AT: "I mean that I want us to encourage each other by sharing our experiences of faith in Jesus" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"Because I really want to see you" + +# some spiritual gift, in order to strengthen you + +Paul wants to strengthen the Roman Christians spiritually. AT: "some gift that will help you to grow spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# That is, I long to be mutually encouraged among you, through each other's faith, yours and mine + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "I mean that I want us to encourage each other by sharing our experiences of faith in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/13.md b/rom/01/13.md index b871fc6f4a..e11ea7a581 100644 --- a/rom/01/13.md +++ b/rom/01/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# I do not want you to be uninformed -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foreigner]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Paul is emphasizing that he wanted them to have this information. You can translate this double negative in a positive form. AT: "I want you to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **I do not want you to be unaware** - Paul is emphasizing that he wanted them to have this information. AT: "I want you to know the following:" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **brothers** - Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -* **and was hindered until now** - "something has always prevented me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **have some fruit** - "Fruit" represents people in Rome whom Paul wants to lead to believe the gospel. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **just as there was among the rest of the Gentiles** - "just as people have come to believe the gospel in other Gentile nations" -* **I am debtor both to** - "I must take the gospel to" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# but I was hindered until now + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "something has always prevented me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in order to have a harvest among you + +The word "harvest" is a metaphor that represents people in Rome whom Paul wants to believe the gospel. AT: "that more people among you might trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rest of the Gentiles + +the the Gentiles in the other regions where he had gone + +# I am a debtor both to + +Using the metaphor "debtor," Paul speaks of his duty to serve God as if he owed God a financial debt. AT: "I must take the gospel to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/16.md b/rom/01/16.md index a203be483b..ffb951d204 100644 --- a/rom/01/16.md +++ b/rom/01/16.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# I am not ashamed of the gospel -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "I trust completely in the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## translationNotes +# it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes -* **For I am not ashamed** - Paul explains why he wants to preach the gospel in Rome. -* **I am not ashamed of the gospel** - AT: "I am confident when I speak about the gospel, even if many people reject it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **For in it** - "It" refers to the gospel. Paul explains why he preaches the gospel with confidence. -* **it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes** - AT: "it is through the gospel God powerfully saves those who believe in Christ" -* **to the Jew first and to the Greek** - AT: "to Jewish people and to Greek people" -* **first** - Possible meanings are 1) "first in order of time" or 2) "most importantly." -* **God's righteousness is revealed from faith to faith** - "God has revealed that it is by faith from beginning to end that people become righteous" AT: "God has revealed his righteousness to those who have faith, and as a result they have more faith" or "Because God is faithful, he reveals his righteousness, and as a result people have more faith" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **The righteous will live by faith** - AT: "It is people who trust in God that he considers right with him, and they will live forever" +Here "believes" means that one puts his trust in Christ. AT: "it is through the gospel that God powerfully saves those who put their trust in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for the Jew first and for the Greek + +"for Jewish people and also for Greek people" + +# first + +Here "first" means coming before all others in order of time. + +# For in it + +Here "it" refers to the gospel. Paul explains why he completely trusts in the gospel. + +# God's righteousness is revealed from faith to faith + +Paul speaks about the gospel message as if it were an object that God could physically show to people. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has told us that it is by faith from beginning to end that people become righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as it has been written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "as someone has written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The righteous will live by faith + +Here "righteous" refers to those who trust in God. AT: "It is people who trust in God that he considers right with him, and they will live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/18.md b/rom/01/18.md index 209974dede..ef589e18f8 100644 --- a/rom/01/18.md +++ b/rom/01/18.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Paul reveals God's great anger against sinful man. -## translationNotes +# For the wrath of God is revealed -* **For the wrath** - Paul explains why people need to hear the gospel. -* **the wrath of God is revealed** - AT: "God reveals his anger" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **against** - AT: "toward" -* **all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people** - AT: "all the ungodly and unrighteous things that people do" -* **hold back the truth** - AT: "they hide the true information about God" -* **that which is known about God is visible to them** - AT: "they can know about God because of what they can see" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For God** - Paul shows why these people know things about God. -* **God has enlightened them** - AT: "God has shown it to them" +Paul explains why people need to hear the gospel. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Because God reveals his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# against + +"toward" + +# all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people + +"all the ungodly and unrighteous things that people do" + +# hold back the truth + +Here "truth" refers to true information about God. AT: "hide the true information about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that which is known about God is visible to them + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "they can know about God because of what they can plainly see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For God has enlightened them + +Here "enlightened them" means God has shown them the truth about him. AT: "Because God has shown everyone what he is like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/20.md b/rom/01/20.md index 65e9138c8c..9fa5ccb539 100644 --- a/rom/01/20.md +++ b/rom/01/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For his invisible qualities ... have been clearly seen -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:divine]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Paul speaks of people understanding God's invisible qualities as if people have seen those qualities. This can be translated in active form. AT: "For people have clearly understood God's invisible qualities, namely his eternal power and divine nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# divine nature -* **For** - Paul explains how God revealed himself to humankind. -* **the unseen things about him have been clearly visible** - The "unseen things" refer to what cannot be seen with the eye. They are "clearly visible" because people understand that they are there even though they cannot see them with their eyes. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]; see [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **world ** - This refers to the heavens and the earth, as well as everything in them. -* **divine nature** - AT: "all the qualities and characteristics of God" or "the things about God that make him God" -* **being understood by the created things** - AT: "people can understand about God by looking at the things he has made." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **they are without excuse** - AT: "they can never say that they did not know" -* **they ** - the "mankind" of [[:en:bible:notes:rom:01:18]] -* **became foolish in their thoughts** - AT: "began to think foolish things" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **their senseless heart was darkened** - This expression uses the idea of the heart becoming dark to mean that they lacked understanding. AT: "their heart no longer could understand" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"all the qualities and characteristics of God" or "the things about God that make him God" + +# world + +This refers to the heavens and the earth, as well as everything in them. + +# in the things that have been made + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "because of the things that God has made" or "because people have seen the things that God has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they are without excuse + +"these people can never say that they did not know" + +# became foolish in their thoughts + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "began to think foolish things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their senseless hearts were darkened + +Here "darkness" is a metaphor that represents the people's lack of understanding. AT: "they became unable to understand what God wanted them to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/22.md b/rom/01/22.md index 52725b0524..f398a251a0 100644 --- a/rom/01/22.md +++ b/rom/01/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# They claimed to be wise, but they became foolish -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:image]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +"While they were claiming that they were wise, they became foolish" -## translationNotes +# They ... they -* **Claiming themselves to be wise, they became foolish** - AT: "While they were claiming that they were wise, they became foolish" -* **themselves…they** - the "mankind" of [[:en:bible:notes:rom:01:18]] -* **exchanged the glory of the imperishable God ** - AT: "traded the truth that God is glorious and will never die" or "stopped believing that God is glorious and will never die" -* **for the likeness of an image of** - AT: "and instead chose to worship idols that were made to look like" -* **perishable man** - AT: "some human being that will die" +the people in [Romans 1:18](./18.md) + +# exchanged the glory of the imperishable God + +"traded the truth that God is glorious and will never die" or "stopped believing that God is glorious and will never die" + +# for the likenesses of an image of + +"and instead chose to worship idols that looked like" + +# perishable man + +"some human being that will die" + +# of birds, of four-footed beasts, and of creeping things + +"or that looked like birds, four-footed beasts, or creeping things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/24.md b/rom/01/24.md index 61201ea516..01d4e51bb3 100644 --- a/rom/01/24.md +++ b/rom/01/24.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +"Because of this" -## translationNotes +# God gave them over to -* **Therefore** - AT: "Because of this" -* **God gave them over to** - AT: "God allowed them to indulge in" (see also "God allowed,"[[:en:bible:notes:rom:01:26]] and [[:en:bible:notes:rom:01:28]]). -* **them…their…themselves…they** - the "mankind" of [[:en:bible:notes:rom:01:18]] -* **the lusts of their hearts for uncleanness** - AT: "the morally impure things they longed for" -* **for their bodies to be dishonored among themselves** - They committed sexually immoral and degrading acts. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **instead of** - Possible meanings are 1) "rather than" or 2) "along with" +"God allowed them to indulge in" + +# them ... their ... themselves ... they + +the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md) + +# the lusts of their hearts for uncleanness + +Here "lusts of their hearts" is a synecdoche that represents the evil things they wanted to do. AT: "the morally impure things they desired greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for their bodies to be dishonored among themselves + +This is a euphemism that means they committed immoral sexual acts. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "and they committed sexually immoral and degrading acts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who worshiped and served the creation + +Here "creation" refers to what God created. AT: "They worshiped things that God created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# instead of + +"rather than" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/26.md b/rom/01/26.md index 62d8461a7f..9a4967835a 100644 --- a/rom/01/26.md +++ b/rom/01/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# this -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] +"idolatry and sexual sin" -## translationNotes +# God gave them over to -* **this** - AT: "idolatry and sexual sin" -* **God gave them over to** - AT: "God allowed them to indulge in" -* **dishonorable passions** - AT: "shameful sexual desires" -* **for their women** - AT: "because their women" -* **their women** - the women of the "mankind" of [[:en:bible:notes:rom:01:18]] -* **exchanged their natural functions for that which is against nature** - AT: "started practicing sexuality in a way God did not design" -* **burned in their lust** - AT: "experienced fierce sexual desire" -* **inappropriate** - AT: "disgraceful" or "indecent" or "sinful" -* **receiving in themselves the penalty that was due their perversion** - A new sentence could be started: "They received the appropriate punishment from God for their perversion" -* **perversion** - behavior that is evil and disgusting +"God allowed them to indulge in" + +# dishonorable passions + +"shameful sexual desires" + +# for their women + +"because their women" + +# exchanged natural relations for those that were unnatural + +The idea of relations "that were unnatural" is a euphemism for immoral sexuality. AT: "started practicing sexuality in a way God did not design" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# men also left their natural relations with women + +Here "natural relations" is a euphemism for sexual relationships. AT: "many men stopped having natural sexual desire for women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# burned in their lust for one another + +"experienced strong sexual desire for other men" + +# shameless + +"disgraceful" or "sinful" + +# received in themselves the penalty they deserved for their perversion + +Here "in themselves" refers to "in their bodies." You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has punished them by sicknesses in their bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# perversion + +behavior that is evil and disgusting \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/28.md b/rom/01/28.md index a1e5ca10e3..bcf3a2d92c 100644 --- a/rom/01/28.md +++ b/rom/01/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Because they did not approve of having God in their awareness -* [[en:tw:god]] +"They did not think it was necessary to know God" -## translationNotes +# they ... their ... them -* **As they did not approve of having God in their awareness** - AT: "They did not think it was necessary to know God" -* **they...their...them** - the "mankind" of [[en:bible:notes:rom:01:18]] -* **he gave them up to a depraved mind** - AT: “God allowed their mind filled with immorality to control them” -* **not proper** - AT: "disgraceful" or "indecent" or "sinful" +These words refer to the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md). + +# he gave them up to a depraved mind + +Here "a depraved mind" means a mind that thinks only about immoral things. AT: "God allowed their minds, which they had filled with worthless and immoral thoughts, to completely control them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# not proper + +"disgraceful" or "sinful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/29.md b/rom/01/29.md index 2c4bf373de..ec24d54456 100644 --- a/rom/01/29.md +++ b/rom/01/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# They have been filled with -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gossip]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:strife]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "They have in them a strong desire for" or "They strongly desire to do deeds of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and evil intentions -* **They have been filled with** - "they have in them a strong desire for" or "they strongly desire to do deeds of" (see UDB) -* **They** - the "mankind" of [[en:bible:notes:rom:01:18]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Many are constantly envying other people ... Many constantly desire to murder people ... to cause arguments and quarrels among people ... to deceive others ... to speak hatefully about others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# slanderers + +A slanderer says false things about another person in order to damage that person's reputation. + +# They are inventors of evil things + +"They try to think of new ways to do evil things to others" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/32.md b/rom/01/32.md index a170917a84..ff6dcca423 100644 --- a/rom/01/32.md +++ b/rom/01/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# They understand the regulations of God -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +"They know how God wants them to live" -## translationNotes +# that those who practice such things -* **They understand the requirement of God** - They know God wants them to live in his righteous way. -* **practice such things** - AT: "do wicked deeds" -* **worthy of death ** - AT: "they deserve to die" -* **but they not only do** - A new sentence could be started. AT: "Nevertheless, they not only do these things" +Here "practice" refers to continually or habitually doing things that are evil. AT: "and that those who keep on doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are deserving of death + +"deserve to die" + +# these things + +"these kinds of evil things" + +# who do them + +Here the verb "do" refers to continuing to do things that are evil. AT: "who keep on doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/intro.md b/rom/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..80024a54df --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Romans 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The first verse is a type of introduction and was typical of a letter in the ancient Mediterranean region. Sometimes this is called a "salutation." + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The gospel ##### +This chapter refers to the contents of the book of Romans as "the gospel" ([Romans 1:2](./01.md)). Romans is not a gospel like Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. Instead, chapters 1-8 are a presentation of the biblical gospel: Jesus died for the sins of mankind and was raised again as proof of eternal life for those who believe in him. + +##### Fruit ##### +The imagery of fruit is used in this chapter. The image of fruit usually refers to a person's faith producing acts of righteousness in their life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +== Universal Condemnation and the Wrath of God== +This chapter explains that the whole world is without excuse and has enough knowledge to seek after and believe in the true God, Yahweh. Because of man's sin and depravity, all of mankind is deserving of a punishment of death to appease the wrath of God. This wrath was satisfied by the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "God gave them over" ##### +Many scholars view the phrases "God gave them over" and "God gave them up" as theologically significant. For this reason, it is important to translate these phrases with God playing a passive role in the action. God simply allows men to pursue their own desires, he does not force them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Difficult phrases and concepts ##### + +There are many abstract concepts in this chapter and Paul's personal style makes many of the phrases in this chapter difficult to translate. The translator may need to use the UDB to understand the meaning of the phrases and it may be necessary to use more freedom in translating these phrases. The difficult phrases include: "obedience of faith," "whom I serve in my spirit," "from faith to faith" and "exchanged the glory of the imperishable God for the likenesses of an image of perishable man." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Romans intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/01.md b/rom/02/01.md index 414086c1b5..7356a8b4b5 100644 --- a/rom/02/01.md +++ b/rom/02/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul has affirmed all men are sinners and continues to remind them that all people are wicked. -## translationNotes +# Therefore you are without excuse -* Paul begins an argument with an imaginary Jewish person. -* **Therefore you are without excuse** - The word "therefore" marks a new section of the letter. It also makes a concluding statement based on what was said in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:01:32]]. AT: "Since God will punish those who continually sin, he will certainly not excuse your sins" -* **you are** - Paul is not talking to a real person. He is acting like a Jewish person who is arguing with him. Paul is doing this to teach his audience that God will punish everyone who continually sins, whether Jew or Gentile. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **you** - Here the word "you" is singular. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_yousingular]]) -* **you person, you who judge** - Here the word "person" is used to scold or mock someone who thinks he can act like God and judge others. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You are just a human being, yet you judge others and say they deserve God's punishment" -* **for what you judge in another you condemn in yourself** - This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "But you are only judging yourself because you do the same wicked deeds as they do" -* **But we know** - This may include Christian believers and also Jews who are not Christians. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **God's judgment is according to truth when it falls on those** - AT: "God will judge those people truly and fairly" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **those who practice such things** - AT: "the people who do those wicked deeds" +The word "therefore" marks a new section of the letter. It also makes a concluding statement based on what Paul said in [Romans 1:1-32](../01/32.md). AT: "Since God will punish those who continually sin, he will certainly not excuse your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you are + +Paul is writing here as if he were addressing a Jewish person who is arguing with him. Paul is doing this to teach his audience that God will punish everyone who continually sins, whether Jew or Gentile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# you + +Here the pronoun "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you person, you who judge + +Paul uses the word "person" here to scold anyone who might think he can act like God and judge others. AT: "You are just a human being, yet you judge others and say they deserve God's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for what you judge in another you condemn in yourself + +"But you are only judging yourself because you do the same wicked deeds as they do" + +# But we know + +Here the pronoun "we" may include Christian believers and also Jews who are not Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# God's judgment is according to truth when it falls on those + +Here Paul speaks of "God's judgment" as if it were alive and could "fall" on people. AT: "God will judge those people truly and fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# those who practice such things + +"the people who do those wicked deeds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/03.md b/rom/02/03.md index 7dfd176020..89743e3c2f 100644 --- a/rom/02/03.md +++ b/rom/02/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# But -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] +"So" -## translationNotes +# consider this -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, whom he scolds with rhetorical questions. -* **But** - AT: "So" (UDB) -* **consider this** - AT: "think about what I am going to tell you" -* **person** - Use the general word for a human being. AT: "whoever you are" -* **you who judge those who practice such things although you do the same things** - AT: "you who say someone deserves God's punishment while you do the same wicked deeds" -* **Will you escape from the judgment of God?** - AT: "You will certainly not escape God's judgment!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Or do you think so little of the riches of his goodness, his delayed punishment, and his patience...?** - AT: "You act like it does not matter that God is good and he patiently waits a long time before he punishes people" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **think so little of the riches...patience** - AT: "consider the riches...patience unimportant" or "consider...not good" -* **not knowing that his goodness is meant to lead you to repentance** - This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You must know that God shows you he is good so that you might repent" +"think about what I am going to tell you" + +# person + +Use the general word for a human being "whoever you are" + +# you who judge those who practice such things although you do the same things + +"you who say someone deserves God's punishment while you do the same wicked deeds" + +# Will you escape from the judgment of God? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this question as a strong negative statement. AT: "You will certainly not escape God's judgment!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Or do you think so little of the riches of his goodness, his delayed punishment, and his patience ... repentance? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You should not act like it does not matter that God is good and that he patiently waits a long time before he punishes people, so that his goodness will cause them to repent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# think so little of the riches ... patience + +"consider the riches ... patience unimportant" or "consider ... not good" + +# Do you not know that his goodness is meant to lead you to repentance? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You must know that God shows you he is good so that you might repent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/05.md b/rom/02/05.md index 121d3ec110..e52daed63e 100644 --- a/rom/02/05.md +++ b/rom/02/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Paul continues to remind the people that all people are wicked. -## translationNotes +# But it is to the extent of your hardness and unrepentant heart -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. -* **But it is to the extent of your hardness and unrepentant heart** - Paul compares a person who refuses to listen and obey God to something hard, like a stone. The heart represents the whole person. AT: "It is because you refuse to listen and repent" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **hardness and unrepentant heart** - The phrase "unrepentant heart" explains the word "hardness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **you are storing up for yourself wrath** - The phrase "storing up" usually refers to a person gathering his treasures and putting it in a safe place. Paul says instead of treasures the person is gathering God's punishment. The longer they go without repenting, the more severe the punishment. AT: "you are making your punishment worse" (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in the day of wrath, the day of the revelation of God's righteous judgment** - These refer to the same day. AT: "when God shows everyone that he is angry and that he judges all people fairly" (see UDB). -* **pay back** - AT: "give a fair reward or punishment" -* **to every person the same measure of his actions** - AT: "according to what each person has done" -* **to those who according to consistent, good actions have sought praise, honor, and incorruptibility—eternal life** - AT: "He will give eternal life to those who have shown by consistently doing good things that they were seeking praise, honor, and incorruptibility" -* **have sought** - This means that they act in a way that will lead to a positive decision from God on judgment day. -* **praise, honor, and incorruptibility** - They want God to praise and honor them, and they want to never die. -* **incorruptibility** - This refers to physical, not moral, decay. +Paul uses a metaphor to compare a person who refuses to obey God to something hard, like a stone. He also uses the metonym "heart" to represent the whole person. AT: "It is because you refuse to listen and repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hardness and unrepentant heart + +This is a doublet that you can combine as "unrepentant heart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you are storing up for yourself wrath + +The phrase "storing up" implies a metaphor that usually refers to a person gathering his treasures and putting them in a safe place. Paul says, instead of treasures, that the person is gathering God's punishment. The longer they go without repenting, the more severe the punishment. AT: "you are making your punishment worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on the day of wrath ... the day of the revelation of God's righteous judgment + +Both of these phrases refer to the same day. AT: "when God shows everyone that he is angry and that he judges all people fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# pay back + +"give a fair reward or punishment" + +# to every person the same measure of his actions + +"according to what each person has done" + +# have sought + +This means that they act in a way that will lead to a positive decision from God on judgment day. + +# praise, honor, and incorruptibility + +They want God to praise and honor them, and they want to never die. + +# incorruptibility + +This refers to physical, not moral, decay. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/08.md b/rom/02/08.md index 6449aa77a4..ff1ac4457b 100644 --- a/rom/02/08.md +++ b/rom/02/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:tribulation]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Though this section is speaking to the non-religious wicked person, Paul sums it up by stating both non-Jews and Jews are wicked before God. -## translationNotes +# self-seeking -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. -* **self-seeking** - seeking** - AT: "selfish" or "only concerned with what makes themselves happy" -* **disobey the truth but obey unrighteousness** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the first. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **wrath and fierce anger will come** - The words "wrath" and "fierce anger" mean basically the same thing and emphasize God's anger. AT: "God will show his terrible anger" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **tribulation and distress, on** - The words "tribulation" and "distress" mean basically the same thing here and emphasize how bad God's punishment will be. AT: "awful punishments will happen to" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **on every human soul** - Here, Paul uses the word "soul" to refer to the whole person. AT: "upon every person" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **has practiced evil** - AT: "has continually done evil things" -* **to the Jew first, and also to the Greek** - This can be a new sentence. AT: "God will judge the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people" -* **first** - Possible meanings are 1) "first in order of time" or 2) "most certainly" (see UDB) or "most importantly." +"selfish" or "only concerned with what makes themselves happy" + +# disobey the truth but obey unrighteousness + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# wrath and fierce anger will come + +The words "wrath" and "fierce anger" mean basically the same thing and emphasize God's anger. AT: "God will show his terrible anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# wrath + +Here the word "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's severe punishment of wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tribulation and distress on + +The words "tribulation" and "distress" mean basically the same thing here and emphasize how bad God's punishment will be. AT: "awful punishments will happen to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# on every human soul + +Here, Paul uses the word "soul" as a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. AT: "upon every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# has practiced evil + +"has continually done evil things" + +# to the Jew first, and also to the Greek + +"God will judge the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people" + +# first + +Possible meanings are 1) "first in order of time" or 2) "most certainly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/10.md b/rom/02/10.md index 1ecd6d9a51..5a2af82531 100644 --- a/rom/02/10.md +++ b/rom/02/10.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# But praise, honor, and peace will come -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:partial]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"But God will give praise, honor, and peace" -## translationNotes +# practices good -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. -* **But praise, honor, and peace will come** - AT: "But God will give praise, honor, and peace" -* **practices good** - AT: "continually does what is good" -* **to the Jew first, and also to the Greek** - This could be a new sentence. AT: "God will reward the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people" -* **first** - You should translate this the same way you did in [[en:bible:notes:rom:02:08]]. -* **For there is no partiality with God** - AT: "For God does not favor one group of people over another" or "For God treats all people the same" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **for as many as have sinned** - This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "For those who have sinned" -* **without the Law will also perish without the Law** - Paul repeats "without the Law" to emphasize it does not matter if they do not know the Law of Moses. If they sin, God will judge them. AT: "without knowing the Law of Moses will certainly still die spiritually" -* **and as many as have sinned** - This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "And all those who have sinned" -* **in respect to the Law will be judged by the Law** - AT: "and know the Law of Moses, God will judge them according to the Law of Moses" +"continually does what is good" + +# to the Jew first, and also to the Greek + +"God will reward the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people" + +# first + +You should translate this the same way you did in [Romans 2:9](./08.md). + +# For there is no partiality with God + +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "For God treats all people the same" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# For as many as have sinned + +"For those who have sinned" + +# without the law will also perish without the law + +Paul repeats "without the law" to emphasize that it does not matter if people do not know the law of Moses. If they sin, God will judge them. AT: "without knowing the law of Moses will certainly still die spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as many as have sinned + +"all those who have sinned" + +# with respect to the law will be judged by the law + +God will judge sinful people according to his law. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "and who do know the law of Moses, God will judge them according to that law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/13.md b/rom/02/13.md index 983600968b..c68c480378 100644 --- a/rom/02/13.md +++ b/rom/02/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Paul continues to let the reader know that perfect obedience to God's law is required even for those who never had God's law. -## translationNotes +# For -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. -* **For** - "Because." If your language has a way to mark that verses 14 and [[:en:bible:notes:rom:02:15]] interrupt Paul's main argument to give the reader extra information, use it here. You may need to place 2:14-15 either before 2:13 or after 2:16. -* **it is not the hearers of the Law** - AT: "it is not those who only hear the Law of Moses" -* **who are righteous before God** - AT: "that are pleasing to God" -* **but it is the doers of the Law** - AT: "but it is those who obey the Law of Moses" -* **who will be justified** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "that God will accept" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **are a law to themselves** - AT: "have God's laws already inside them" +Verses 14 and 15 interrupt Paul's main argument to give the reader extra information. If you have a way to mark an interruption like this in your language, you can use it here. + +# it is not the hearers of the law + +Here "the law" refers to the law of Moses. AT: "it is not those who only hear the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who are righteous before God + +"whom God considers righteous" + +# but it is the doers of the law + +"but it is those who obey the law of Moses" + +# who will be justified + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom God will accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Gentiles, who do not have the law ... are a law to themselves + +The phrase "law to themselves" is an idiom that means that these people naturally obey God's laws. AT: "have God's laws already inside them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they do not have the law + +Here "the law" refers to the law of Moses." AT: "they do not actually have the laws that God gave to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/15.md b/rom/02/15.md index 88f4bdd998..408e29b394 100644 --- a/rom/02/15.md +++ b/rom/02/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# By this they show -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +"By naturally obeying the law they show" -## translationNotes +# the actions required by the law are written in their hearts -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. -* **By this they show** - AT: "By naturally obeying the Law they show" -* **the actions required by the Law are written in their hearts** - AT: "God has written on their hearts what the Law requires them to do" or "They know exactly what the Law commands them to do" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **required by the Law** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "the Law requires" or "that God demands through the Law" -* **bears witness with them, and their thoughts either accuse or defend themselves** - AT: "tells them if they are disobeying or obeying God's law" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **on the day when God will judge** - This finishes Paul's thought from [[:en:bible:notes:rom:02:13]]. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "This will happen when God judges" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has written on their hearts what the law requires them to do" or "God has shown them what the law requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bears witness to them, and their own thoughts either accuse or defend them to themselves + +Here "bears witness" refers to the knowledge they gain from the law that God has written in their hearts. AT: "tells them if they are disobeying or obeying God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on the day when God will judge + +This finishes Paul's thought from [Romans 2:13](./13.md). "This will happen when God judges" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/17.md b/rom/02/17.md index 4cfd693a87..852f27d564 100644 --- a/rom/02/17.md +++ b/rom/02/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Here begins Paul's discussion that the law the Jews possess actually condemns them because they do not obey it. -## translationNotes +# if you call yourself a Jew -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. -* **If you call yourself a Jew** - This begins a new section of the letter. Here the word "if" does not mean Paul doubts or is unsure. He is emphasizing that these statement are true. AT: "Now you think of yourself as member of the Jewish people" -* **rest upon the Law, rejoice proudly in God** - AT: "and you rely on the Law of Moses and rejoice proudly because of God" -* **know his will** - This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "And you know God's will" -* **having been instructed by the Law** - This could be translated with an active verb. AT: "because you understand what the Law of Moses teaches" -* **if you are confident…and of the truth** - If your language has a way to mark that 2:19-20 interrupts Paul's main argument of [[:en:bible:notes:rom:02:17]], and [[:en:bible:notes:rom:02:21]], use it here. You might have to place 2:19-20 before 2:17. -* **if you are confident** - AT: "You are sure" -* **that you yourself are a guide of the blind, a light to those who are in darkness** - Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Paul compares a Jewish person teaching someone about the Law to helping a person that cannot see. AT: "that you yourself are like a guide to someone who is blind, and you are like a light to someone lost in the dark" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a corrector of the foolish** - This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You correct those who do wrong" (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a teacher of babies** - Here Paul compares those who do not know anything about the Law to babies. AT: "and you teach those who do not know the Law" (See:[[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and that you have in the Law the form of knowledge and of the truth** - AT: "because you are sure you understand the truth written in the Law" +"since you call yourself a Jew" + +# rest upon the law + +The phrase "rest upon the law" represents believing that they can become righteous by obeying the law. AT: "rely on the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# know his will + +"and know God's will" + +# because you have been instructed from the law + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because people have taught you what is right from the law" or "because you have learned from the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness + +Here "the blind" and "those who walk in darkness" represent people who do not understand the law. AT: "that because you teach the law, you yourself are like a guide to blind people, and you are like a light to people who are lost in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a corrector of the foolish + +"you correct those who do wrong" + +# a teacher of little children + +Here Paul compares those who do not know anything about the law to very small children. AT: "and you teach those who do not know the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and that you have in the law the form of knowledge and of the truth + +The knowledge of the truth that is in the law comes from God. AT: "because you are sure you understand the truth that God has given in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/21.md b/rom/02/21.md index ad8863bdb7..474990551f 100644 --- a/rom/02/21.md +++ b/rom/02/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You who teach others, do you not teach yourself? -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You teach others, but you do not teach yourself!" or "You teach others, but you do not do what you teach!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# You who preach against stealing, do you steal? -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, whom he scolds with rhetorical questions. -* **if you therefore teach another, do you not teach yourself?** - Paul is using a question to scold his listener. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "But, you do not teach yourself while you are teaching others!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **You who preach not to steal, do you steal?** - Paul is using a question to scold his listener. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You tell people not to steal, but you steal!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **You who say not to commit adultery, do you commit adultery?** - Paul is using a question to scold his listener. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You tell people not to commit adultery, but you commit adultery!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **You who detest idols, do you rob temples?** - Paul is using a question to scold his listener. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You say you hate idols, but you rob temples!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **rob temples** - Possible meanings are: 1) "steal items from local pagan temples to sell and make a profit" or 2) "do not send to the Jerusalem temple all the money that is due to God" or 3) "joke about local gods." +Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You tell people not to steal, but you steal!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You who say that one must not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? + +Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You tell people not to commit adultery, but you commit adultery!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You who hate idols, do you rob temples? + +Paul is using a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You say you hate idols, but you rob temples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# rob temples + +Possible meanings are 1) "steal items from local pagan temples to sell and make a profit" or 2) "do not send to the Jerusalem temple all the money that is due to God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/23.md b/rom/02/23.md index 68213f4061..c7cc58362e 100644 --- a/rom/02/23.md +++ b/rom/02/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law? -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:transgression]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul uses a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "It is wicked that you claim to be proud of the law, while at the same time you disobey it and bring shame to God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# the name of God is dishonored among the Gentiles -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, whom he scolds with rhetorical questions. -* **You who rejoice proudly in the Law, do you through your transgression of the Law dishonor God?** - Paul uses a question to scold his listener. AT: "It is wicked that you claim to be proud of the Law, while at the same time you disobey it and bring shame to God" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the name of God is dishonored among the Gentiles** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "Your wicked actions bring shame to God in the minds of the Gentiles" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **name of God** - The word "name" refers to the entirety of God, not just his name. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Your wicked actions bring shame to God in the minds of the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# name of God + +The word "name" is a metonym that refers to the entirety of God, not just his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/25.md b/rom/02/25.md index 5b33f1c88a..3572a531bd 100644 --- a/rom/02/25.md +++ b/rom/02/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul continues to show that God, by his law, condemns even the Jews who have God's law. -## translationNotes +# For circumcision indeed benefits you -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, whom he scolds with rhetorical questions. -* **For circumcision indeed benefits you** - AT: “I say all of this because being circumcised does benefit you” -* **if you are a violator of the Law ** - AT: "if you do not obey the commandments found in the Law" -* **your circumcision becomes uncircumcision** - This compares a Jewish person who does not obey the Law to a man who was physically circumcised but reverses the operation: he may be Jewish, but he looks like a Gentile. AT: "it is like you are no longer circumcised" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the uncircumcised person** - AT: "the person who is not circumcised" -* **keeps the requirements of the Law** - AT: "obeys what is commanded in the Law" -* **will not his uncircumcision be considered as circumcision? Will not the one who is by nature uncircumcised...judge you** - Paul is asking a question to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. This can be translated with an active verb: "God will consider him as circumcised. The one who is not physically circumcised...will judge you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **who by the written scriptures and circumcision are a violator of the Law** - AT: "who have the written scriptures and are circumcised but do not obey the Law" +"I say all of this because being circumcised does benefit you" + +# if you break the law + +"if you do not obey the commandments found in the law" + +# your circumcision becomes uncircumcision + +"it is as though you were no longer circumcised" + +# the uncircumcised person + +"the person who is not circumcised" + +# keeps the requirements of the law + +"obeys what God commands in the law" + +# will not his uncircumcision be considered as circumcision? And will not the one who is naturally uncircumcised condemn you ... the law? + +Paul asks two questions here to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate these questions as statements in an active form. AT: "God will consider him as circumcised. The one who is not physically circumcised will condemn you ... the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/28.md b/rom/02/28.md index ef8601cba1..c8ab5e1b8d 100644 --- a/rom/02/28.md +++ b/rom/02/28.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# outwardly -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +This refers to Jewish rituals, such as circumcision, which people can see. -## translationNotes +# merely outward in the flesh -* **outwardly** - This refers to Jewish rituals which people can see. -* **merely outward in the flesh** - This refers to the physical change to a man's body. -* **he is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is that of the heart** - These two phrases share similar meanings. The phrase, "he is a Jew who is one inwardly" explains the metaphor "circumcision is that of the heart." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **inwardly** - This refers to the values and motivations of the person whom God has transformed. -* **in the spirit** - This probably refers to the internal, spiritual part of a person, in contrast to the outward "letter" of the Law. However, it is also possible that it refers to the Holy Spirit (see UDB). -* **not in the letter** - A “letter” is the smallest part of written language. Here it refers to written Scripture. AT: “through the work of the Holy Spirit, not because you know the scriptures” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +This refers to the physical change to a man's body when someone circumcises him. + +# flesh + +This is a synecdoche for the whole body. AT: "body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is that of the heart + +These two phrases have similar meanings. The first phrase, "he is a Jew who is one inwardly," explains the second phrase, "circumcision is that of the heart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# inwardly + +This refers to the values and motivations of the person whom God has transformed. + +# of the heart + +Here "heart" is a metonym for the inner person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the Spirit, not in the letter + +Here "letter" is a synecdoche that refers to written Scripture. AT: "through the work of the Holy Spirit, not because you know the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in the Spirit + +This refers to the internal, spiritual part of a person that "God's Spirit" changes . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/intro.md b/rom/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6332a4d1ef --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Romans 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter shifts its audience from Roman Christians to those who "judge" and do not believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### "Therefore you are without excuse" ##### +This phrase looks back at chapter 1 and, in some ways, it is actually a conclusion to the argument of chapter 1. This phrase explains the reasons why everyone in the world is required to worship the true God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Doers of the Law" ##### +It is not those who obey the law who will be justified by their obedience to it. It is those who earnestly try to follow the law of Moses who are justified by their faith which this demonstrates. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +These are frequently used in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader feel guilty or to convict them in their sin and ultimately bring them to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Hypothetical Situation ##### +In light of the context, "He will give eternal life" is a hypothetical statement. If a person could live a perfect life, they would earn eternal life as a reward. Only Jesus was able to live a perfect life. There is another hypothetical situation in 2:17-29. This situation explains that even those who earnestly try to obey the law of Moses are guilty of violating the law. In English, this is about those who follow the "letter" of the law but cannot follow the "spirit" or general principles of the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "You who judge" ##### +At times, this could be translated in a simpler way, but it is translated in this relatively awkward way because Paul is referencing "people who judge" in such a way as to also say that everyone judges. It is possible to translate this as "those who judge (and everyone judges)." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/01.md b/rom/03/01.md index 4c6dde2a17..211ecda701 100644 --- a/rom/03/01.md +++ b/rom/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] +Paul proclaims the advantage that Jews have because God gave them his law. -## translationNotes +# Then what advantage does the Jew have? And what is the benefit of circumcision? -* Paul again takes up his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, answering the questions such a person might have. -* **Then what advantage has the Jew? And what is the benefit of circumcision?** - AT: "Then Jewish people have no benefit from God's covenant, even though God promised they would!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **It is great** - AT: "There is much advantage" -* **First** - AT: "First in order of time" or "Most certainly" (see UDB) or "Most importantly" +Paul presents ideas that people might have after they hear what he wrote in chapter 2. He does this in order to respond to them in verse 2. AT: "Some people might say, 'Then what advantage does the Jew have? And what is the benefit of circumcision?'" or "Some people might say, 'If that is true, then the Jews do not have any advantage, and there is no benefit in being circumcised.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It is great in every way + +Paul now responds to the concerns brought up in verse 1. Here "It" refers to being a member of the Jewish people. AT: "But there is great advantage to being a Jew!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# First of all + +Possible meanings are 1) "First in order of time" or 2) "Most certainly" or 3) "Most importantly." + +# the Jews were entrusted with revelation from God + +Here "revelation" refers to God's words and promises. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God gave his words that contain his promises to the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/03.md b/rom/03/03.md index 931ddb87e8..f9b54c383a 100644 --- a/rom/03/03.md +++ b/rom/03/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For what if some Jews were without faith? Will their unbelief abolish God's faithfulness? -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul uses these questions to make people think. AT: "Some Jews have not been faithful to God. Should we conclude from this that God will not fulfill his promise?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# May it never be -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, answering the questions such a person might have. -* **For what if some Jews were without faith? Will their unbelief make the faithfulness of God invalid?** - Paul uses these rhetorical questions to make people think. Some Jews were unfaithful to God, so some would conclude that God would not fulfill his promise. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **By no means** - This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. AT: "That is not possible” or "Certainly not" -* **Instead** - AT "We should say this instead:" -* **As it has been written** - AT: "The Jewish Scriptures themselves agree with what I am saying" +This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have an expression in your language that you could use here. "That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" + +# Instead + +"We should say this instead" + +# let God be found to be true + +God will always be true and will keep his promises. AT: "God always does what he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# even though every man is a liar + +The words "every" and "liar" are exaggerations here to add emphasis that God alone is always true to his promises. AT: "even if every man were a liar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# As it has been written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "The Scriptures themselves agree with what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# That you might be shown to be righteous in your words, and that you might prevail when you come into judgment + +These two phrases have very similar meanings. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Everyone must acknowledge that what you say is true, and you will always win your case when anyone accuses you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/05.md b/rom/03/05.md index b7157e1437..9a11cb8259 100644 --- a/rom/03/05.md +++ b/rom/03/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But if our unrighteousness shows the righteousness of God, what can we say? Can we say that God is unrighteous to bring his wrath upon us? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] -* [[en:tw:world]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Paul uses these questions to present what some people were arguing and to get his readers to think about whether or not this argument is true. AT: "Some people say that since our unrighteousness shows God's righteousness, then God is unrighteous when he punishes us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# to bring his wrath upon us -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, answering the questions such a person might have. -* **But if our unrighteousness shows the righteousness of God, what can we say?** - Paul is putting these words in the mouth of the imaginary Jewish person he is talking to. AT: "Because our unrighteousness shows that God is righteous, I have a question:" -* **God is not unrighteous, he who inflicts wrath, is he?** - AT: "Is God, who inflicts wrath on people, unrighteous?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I speak according to human logic** - AT: "I am saying this as an unrighteous person might say it" -* **how would God judge the world?** - Paul uses this rhetorical question to show that the arguments against the Christian gospel are ridiculous, since all Jews believe that God can and will judge all people. AT: "And we all know that God will in fact judge the world!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Here "wrath" is a metonym for punishment. AT: "to bring his punishment upon us" or "to punish us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am using a human argument + +"I am saying here what some people say" or "This is what some people say" + +# May it never be + +"We must never say that God is unrighteous" + +# For then how would God judge the world? + +Paul uses this question to show that the arguments against the gospel are not valid, since the Jews believe that God will judge all people. AT: "We all know that God will in fact judge the world!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the world + +The "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. AT: "anyone in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/07.md b/rom/03/07.md index 132291103d..b5d08c99ee 100644 --- a/rom/03/07.md +++ b/rom/03/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# But if the truth of God through my lie provides abundant praise for him, why am I still being judged as a sinner? -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Here Paul imagines someone continuing to reject the Christian gospel. That adversary argues, because his sin shows the righteousness of God, then God should not declare that he is a sinner on judgment day if, for example, he tells lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Why not say ... come"? -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, answering the questions such a person might have. -* **But if the truth of God through my lie abounded to his praise, why am I still judged as a sinner?** - Here Paul imagines someone continuing to reject the Christian gospel; that adversary argues that God should not declare that he is a sinner on judgment day if, for example, he tells lies. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **And why not say…?** - Here Paul raises a question of his own, to show how ridiculous is the argument of his imaginary adversary. AT: "I might as well be saying that we should do evil things in order that good things may happen as a result!" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **as we are falsely reported to say** - AT: "Some liars tell others that this is what we are saying" -* **The judgment on them is just** - It will be only fair when God condemns these enemies of Paul, for telling lies about what Paul has been teaching. +Here Paul raises a question of his own, to show how ridiculous the argument of his imaginary adversary is. AT: "I might as well be saying ... come!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# as we are falsely reported to say + +"some lie to tell others that this is what we are saying" + +# The judgment on them is just + +It will be only fair when God condemns these enemies of Paul, for telling lies about what Paul has been teaching. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/09.md b/rom/03/09.md index 99df3f6ebb..ef84a8c025 100644 --- a/rom/03/09.md +++ b/rom/03/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul sums up that all are guilty of sin, none are righteous, and no one seeks God. -## translationNotes +# What then? Are we excusing ourselves? -* Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, answering the questions such a person might have. -* **What then? Do we excuse ourselves?** - Possible meanings are: 1) "We Christians are not trying to hide the wicked things that we are supposedly doing!" or 2) "We Jews should not try to imagine we are going to escape God's judgment, just because we are Jewish!" (UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Not at all** - These words are stronger than a simple "no," but not as strong as "absolutely not!" +Paul asks these questions to emphasize his point. AT: "We Jews should not try to imagine we are going to escape God's judgment, just because we are Jewish!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Not at all + +These words are stronger than a simple "no," but not as strong as "absolutely not!" + +# This is as it is written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "This is as the prophets have written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/11.md b/rom/03/11.md index 1c092220d2..b3b2656a30 100644 --- a/rom/03/11.md +++ b/rom/03/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# There is no one who understands -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +There is no one who understands what is right. AT: "No one really understands what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# There is no one who seeks after God -* **none who understands** - AT: "none really understands God's truth" -* **none who seeks after God** - AT: "none who sincerely tries to have a righteous relationship with God" -* **turned away** - Here this means to stop doing something. AT: "rejected God and his righteous will for them" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **have become useless** - AT: "have become worthless as far as God's will for them is concerned" +Here the phrase "seeks after God" means to have a relationship with God. AT: "No one sincerely tries to have a right relationship with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They have all turned away + +This is an idiom that means the people do not even want to think about God. They want to avoid him. AT: "They have all turned away from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They together have become useless + +Since no one does what is good, they are useless to God. AT: "Everyone has become useless to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/13.md b/rom/03/13.md index c29e9fab15..a5d1e111c1 100644 --- a/rom/03/13.md +++ b/rom/03/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Their ... Their -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:tomb]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +The word "their" refers to the "Jews and Greeks" of [Romans 3:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# Their throat is an open grave -* **Their...Their** - the "Jews and Greeks" of [[:en:bible:notes:rom:03:09]] -* **Their throat has been opened like a grave** - Paul is using a metaphor meaning that everything people say is unrighteous and disgusting. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Their tongues have deceived** - AT: "People speak lies" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness** - AT: "Much of what people say is harmful and meant to hurt other people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The word "throat" is a metonym for everything that people say that is unrighteous and disgusting. Here "open grave" is a metaphor that refers to the stench of the evil words of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their tongues have deceived + +The word "tongues" is a metonym for the false words that people speak. AT: "People speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The poison of snakes is under their lips + +Here "poison of snakes" is a metaphor that is used to represent the great harm of the evil words that the people speak. The word "lips" refers to the words of the people. AT: "Their evil words injure people just like the poison of a venomous snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness + +Here "mouths" is a metonym that represents the evil words of the people. The word "full" exaggerates how often people speak bitterly and curse. AT: "They often speak curses and cruel words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/15.md b/rom/03/15.md index 06c8b681f1..91526b027f 100644 --- a/rom/03/15.md +++ b/rom/03/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Their ... their ... These people ... their -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +These words refer to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](./09.md). -## translationNotes +# Their feet are swift to pour out blood -* **Their...their...They...their** - the "Jews and Greeks" of [[:en:bible:notes:rom:03:09]] -* **Their feet are swift to pour out blood** - AT: "They are in a hurry to harm and kill people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Destruction and suffering are in their paths** - AT: "Everyone lives in such a way that they intentionally try to destroy others and cause them to suffer" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **a way of peace** - A "way" is a "road" or "path." AT: "how to live at peace with others" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **There is no fear of God before their eyes** - AT: "Everyone refuses to give God the respect he deserves" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Here "feet" is a synecdoche that represents the people themselves. The word "blood" is a metaphor that refers to killing people. AT: "They are in a hurry to harm and murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Destruction and suffering are in their paths + +Here "destruction and suffering" are metonyms that represent the harm that these people cause others to suffer. AT: "They try to destroy others and cause them to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a way of peace + +"how to live at peace with others." A "way" is a road or path. + +# There is no fear of God before their eyes + +Here "fear" is a metonym that represents respect for God and willingness to honor him. AT: "Everyone refuses to give God the respect he deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/19.md b/rom/03/19.md index 91a8b8b2ce..f0f3153604 100644 --- a/rom/03/19.md +++ b/rom/03/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# whatever the law says, it speaks to -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Paul speaks of the law here as if it were alive and had its own voice. AT: "everything that the law says people should do is for" or "all the commands that Moses wrote in the law are for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# the ones who are under the law -* **whatever the Law says, it speaks to** - "everything that the Law says people should do is for" or "all the commands that Moses wrote in the Law are for" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **in order that every mouth may be closed** - AT: "so that no people will be able to say anything valid to defend themselves" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]; See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **flesh** - Here it means in a figurative way to refer to all human beings or all living creatures. -* **For** - Possible meanings are 1) "Therefore" or 2) "This is because" or 3) "Instead." -* **through the Law comes the knowledge of sin** - AT: "when someone knows God's law, he realizes that he is not righteous but rather sinful before God" +"those who must obey the law" + +# in order that every mouth may be shut + +Here "mouth" is a synecdoche that means the words people speak. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that no people will be able to say anything valid to defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the whole world held accountable to God + +Here "world" is a synecdoche that represents all the people who live in the world. AT: "that God can declare everyone in the world guilty!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# flesh + +Here "flesh" refers to all human beings. + +# For + +Possible meanings are 1) "Therefore" or 2) "This is because" + +# through the law comes the knowledge of sin + +"when someone knows God's law, he realizes that he has sinned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/21.md b/rom/03/21.md index 67d3bc1106..e152be1096 100644 --- a/rom/03/21.md +++ b/rom/03/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +The word "but" here shows Paul has completed his introduction and is now beginning to make his main point. -## translationNotes +# now -* **But** - Paul has completed his introduction and is now beginning to make his main point. -* **now** - The word "now" refers to the time since Jesus came to the earth. -* **without the Law a righteousness of God has been made known** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God has made known a way to be righteous without obeying the Law." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **without the Law** - This refers to "righteousness," not to "has been made known." -* **witnessed by the Law and the Prophets** - The words "the Law and the Prophets" refer to the parts of scripture that Moses and the prophets wrote and stand for the Jewish scriptures, which are described here as people who testify in court. AT: "and what Moses and the prophets wrote confirms this" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that is, the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ** - This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "I am referring to a righteousness that God gives us when we believe in Jesus Christ" -* **For there is no distinction** - AT: "For God views Jews the same way he views Gentiles" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The word "now" refers to the time since Jesus came to the earth. + +# apart from the law the righteousness of God has been made known + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has made known a way to be right with him without obeying the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It was witnessed by the law and the Prophets + +The words "the law and the Prophets" refer to the parts of scripture that Moses and the prophets wrote in the Jewish scriptures. Paul describes them here as if they were people testifying in court. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "What Moses and the prophets wrote confirms this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ + +Here "righteousness" means being right with God. AT: "being right with God through trusting Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For there is no distinction + +Paul implies that God accepts all people in the same way. AT: "There is no difference at all between the Jews and the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/23.md b/rom/03/23.md index 3594ee5e75..27c574d360 100644 --- a/rom/03/23.md +++ b/rom/03/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# come short of the glory of God -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Here the "glory of God" is a metonym that refers to the image of God and his nature. AT: "have failed to be like God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# they are freely justified by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus -* **being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus ** - This could be translated with active verbs: "God has justified them by means of his grace because Christ Jesus has redeemed them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Here "justified" refers to being made right with God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has made them right with himself as a free gift, because Christ Jesus has set them free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/25.md b/rom/03/25.md index 48d75e0826..b9b98f50e8 100644 --- a/rom/03/25.md +++ b/rom/03/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# in his blood -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:propitiation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +This is a metonym for the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for sins. AT: "in his death as a sacrifice for sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# disregard -* **passing over** - Possible meanings are 1) ignoring or 2) forgiving. -* **This all happened for the demonstration of his righteousness at this present time, for him to prove himself just, and to show that he is the one who justifies anyone because of faith in Jesus** - "He did this to demonstrate his righteousness at this present time; he shows that he is both just and the one who justifies everyone who has faith in Jesus" +Possible meanings are 1) ignoring or 2) forgiving. + +# This all happened for the demonstration of his righteousness at this present time + +"He did this to show how God makes people right with himself" + +# This was so he could prove himself just, and to show that he justifies anyone because of faith in Jesus + +"By this he shows that he is both just and the one who declares everyone righteous who has faith in Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/27.md b/rom/03/27.md index 02b03b2e68..ade465ad0f 100644 --- a/rom/03/27.md +++ b/rom/03/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Where then is boasting? It is excluded -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul asks this question to show that there is no reason for people to boast about obeying the law. AT: "So there is no way that we can boast that God favors us because we obeyed those laws. Boasting is excluded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# On what grounds? Of works? No, but on the grounds of faith -* Paul answers rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **On what grounds?** - "For what reason?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Of works?** - AT: "Is boasting excluded because we obey the law?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **on the grounds of faith** - AT: "because we believe in Jesus" -* **without** - AT: "apart from" +Paul asks and answers these rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. You can translate this by including the words that Paul implies, and by using an active form. AT: "On what grounds should we exclude boasting? Should we exclude it because of our good works? No, rather, we should exclude it because of faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# without + +"apart from" or "with no consideration for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/29.md b/rom/03/29.md index 8fb398ce0a..5ac27b6efa 100644 --- a/rom/03/29.md +++ b/rom/03/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Or is God the God of Jews only? -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +Paul asks this question for emphasis. AT: "You who are Jews certainly should not think that you are the only ones whom God will accept!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Is he not also the God of Gentiles? Yes, of Gentiles also -* Paul continues to answer rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Or is God the God of Jews only?** - AT: "If God could only justify people who obey the Law, would he not be the God of the Jews only?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Paul asks this question to emphasize his point. AT: "He will also accept non-Jews, that is, Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he will justify the circumcision by faith, and the uncircumcision through faith + +Here "circumcision" is a metonym that refers to Jews and "uncircumcision" is a metonym that refers to non-Jews. AT: "God will make both Jews and non-Jews right with himself through their faith in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/31.md b/rom/03/31.md index ac3c289e85..732b417cf3 100644 --- a/rom/03/31.md +++ b/rom/03/31.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] +Paul confirms the law though faith. -## translationNotes +# Do we then nullify the law through faith? -* Paul continues to answer rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do we then nullify the Law through faith?** - AT: "Should we ignore the Law because we have faith?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **May it never be** - AT: "Of course that is not true!" or "Certainly not!" (UDB). This expression give the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **we uphold the Law** - AT: "we obey the Law" -* **we** - This pronoun refers to Paul, other believers, and the readers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +Paul asks this question to add emphasis. AT: "Should we ignore the law because we have faith?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# May it never be + +This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may have a similar express in your language that you could use here. AT: "This is certainly not true!" or "Certainly not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we uphold the law + +"we obey the law" + +# we + +This pronoun refers to Paul, other believers, and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/intro.md b/rom/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd02b1d477 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Romans 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:4, 10-18, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +Chapter 2 explained that all Jews are condemned because they violated the law of Moses and that Gentiles could be saved. Chapter 3 answers the question: what advantage does being a Jew have over being a Gentile? (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Universal Condemnation ##### + +This chapter explains that the whole world is without excuse and has enough knowledge to seek after and believe in the true God, Yahweh. Sin is a problem for all of mankind and enslaves the unbeliever in their sin. This refutes the common understanding that "all people are basically good." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### "For all have sinned and come short of the glory of God" ##### +The standard required for entrance into heaven and being in the presence of God is perfection. Anything less than perfect leads to condemnation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) + +##### The purpose of the law of Moses ##### +Obedience to the law cannot justify a person. The Law does not justify a person but is a way a person displays their faith in God. It has always been faith that justified a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +These are frequently used in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical question is to make the reader feel guilty, or to convict them in their sin and ultimately bring them to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/01.md b/rom/04/01.md index c2a3769646..0a897c51d0 100644 --- a/rom/04/01.md +++ b/rom/04/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul confirms that even in the past believers were made right with God by faith and not by the law. -## translationNotes +# What then will we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, found? -* Paul continues to answer rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **What then will we say that Abraham, our forefather, found according to the flesh?** - "This is what Abraham our physical ancestor found." Paul uses the question to catch the attention of the reader and to start talking about something new. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **For what do the scriptures say** - "For we can read in the scriptures" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **and it was counted to him as righteousness ** - "and God considered Abraham as a righteous person" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Paul uses the question to catch the attention of the reader and to start talking about something new. AT: "This is what Abraham our physical ancestor found" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For what does the scripture say + +Paul uses this question to add emphasis. He speaks of the Scriptures as if they were alive and could talk. AT: "For we can read in the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# it was counted to him as righteousness + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God considered Abraham as a righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/04.md b/rom/04/04.md index 27af67a679..b18c321e8e 100644 --- a/rom/04/04.md +++ b/rom/04/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# what he is paid is not counted as a gift -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one counts what the employer pays him as a gift from the employer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# but as what is owed -* **Now to him who works, the recompense is not counted as from grace, but as what is owed** - This is describing a situation where a person who works expects to be paid for the work. That person does not consider payment a free gift or "grace." -* **to him who works...to him who does not work** - AT: "to anyone who works...to anyone who does not work" -* **recompense** - AT: "wages" or "pay" or "what was earned by working" -* **what is owed** - AT: "what his employer owes him" -* **in the one who justifies** - AT: "in God, who justifies" -* **his faith is counted as righteousness** - AT: “God considers that person's faith as righteousness” or "God considers that person righteous because of his faith" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "but as what his employer owes him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the one who justifies + +"in God, who justifies" + +# his faith is counted as righteousness + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God considers that person's faith as righteousness" or "God considers that person righteous because of his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/06.md b/rom/04/06.md index 7503beab20..6877ac1f4d 100644 --- a/rom/04/06.md +++ b/rom/04/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# David also pronounces blessing on the man to whom God counts righteousness without works -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:forgive]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +"David also wrote about how God blesses the man whom God makes righteous without works" -## translationNotes +# whose lawless deeds are forgiven ... whose sins are covered ... against whom the Lord will not count sin -* **David also pronounces blessing upon the man to whom God counts righteousness without works** - AT: "Similarly, David wrote about how God blesses the man whom God makes righteous without works" -* **whose iniquities are forgiven...whose sins are covered...to whom the Lord will not count sin** - The same concept is stated in three different ways. AT: "whose iniquities the Lord has forgiven...whose sins the Lord has covered...whose sins the Lord will not count" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The same concept is stated in three different ways. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the Lord has forgiven those who have broken the law ... whose sins the Lord has covered ... whose sins the Lord will not count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/09.md b/rom/04/09.md index 9a5c9ddae4..1719a9ab6b 100644 --- a/rom/04/09.md +++ b/rom/04/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Then is this blessing pronounced only on those of the circumcision, or also on those of the uncircumcision? -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:uncircumcised]] +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "Does God bless only those who are circumcised, or also those who are not circumcised?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# those of the circumcision -* **Is this blessing then pronounced only upon those of the circumcision, or also upon those of the uncircumcision?** - AT: "Does God bless only those who are circumcised, or also those those who are not circumcised?" -* **we say** - Paul is addressing both Jewish and Gentile believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Faith was counted to Abraham for righteousness** - AT: "God considered the faith of Abraham as righteousness" +This is a metonym that refers to the Jewish people. AT: "the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those of the uncircumcision + +This is a metonym that refers to the people who are not Jews. AT: "the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Faith was counted to Abraham as righteousness + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God considered the faith of Abraham as righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# So how was it counted? When Abraham was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? + +Paul asks these questions to add emphasis to his remarks. AT: "When did God consider Abraham to be righteous? Was it before his circumcision, or after it?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It was not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision + +"It happened before he was circumcised, not after he was circumcised" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/11.md b/rom/04/11.md index 39ee517d68..f0a22247b5 100644 --- a/rom/04/11.md +++ b/rom/04/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# a seal of the righteousness of the faith that he had already possessed when he was in uncircumcision -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:father|father, forefather]] +Here "righteousness of the faith" means that God considered him to be righteous. AT: "a visible sign that God considered him righteous because he had believed in God before he was circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# even if they are in uncircumcision -* **a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had already when he was in uncircumcision** - AT: "a visible sign that God had considered him righteous because he had believed in God before he was circumcised" -* **even if they are in uncircumcision** - AT: "even if they are not circumcised" -* **so that righteousness might be counted to them** - AT: "so that God can consider them righteous" +"even if they are not circumcised" + +# This means that righteousness will be counted for them + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "This means that God will consider them righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Abraham became the father of the circumcision + +Here "the circumcision" refers to those who are true believers in God, both Jews and Gentiles. + +# who follow in the steps of faith of our father Abraham + +Here "follow in the steps of faith" is an idiom that means to follow someone's example of follow. AT: "who follow our father Abraham's example of faith" or "who have faith as our father Abraham did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/13.md b/rom/04/13.md index 22430cf92c..9626f67ad8 100644 --- a/rom/04/13.md +++ b/rom/04/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# heirs -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# but through the righteousness of faith -* **that the promise was given to Abraham and to his descendants, that they would be heirs of the world** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "that God promised to Abraham and his descendants that they would inherit the world" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but through the righteousness of faith** - The words "God gave the promise" are left out of this phrase but they are understood. AT: "but God gave the promise through faith which he considers as righteousness" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **if those of the law are heirs** - AT: "if it is those who obey the law that that will inherit the earth" -* **faith is made empty and the promise is nullified** - AT: "faith has no value and the promise is meaningless" -* **but where there is no law, neither is there disobedience** - AT: "but when is no law, there is nothing to disobey" This could also be translated as a positive statement. AT: "because where there is law people will disobey it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) +The words "the promise came" are understood from the first phrase. You can translate this by adding these implied words. AT: "but the promise came through faith, which God considers as righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# if those who live by the law are to be the heirs + +Here "live by the law" refers to obeying the law. AT: "if those who obey the law are the ones who will inherit the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# faith is made empty, and the promise is void + +"faith has no value, and the promise is meaningless" + +# there is no trespass + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "trespass." AT: "no one can break the law" or "it is impossible to disobey the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/16.md b/rom/04/16.md index 5a8862c3a5..6ddfef06ac 100644 --- a/rom/04/16.md +++ b/rom/04/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# For this reason -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"So" -## translationNotes +# it is by faith -* **For this reason it is by faith, so that it might be according to grace** - AT: "Here is the reason we receive the promise when we trust God: it is so that it might be a free gift" -* **in order that the promise might be sure for all the descendants** - AT: "so that all the descendants of Abraham might certainly receive the promise" -* **those who know the Law** - This refers to the Jewish people who follow Law of Moses. -* **those who are from Abraham's faith** - This refers to those who have faith like Abraham did before he was circumcised. -* **father of us all** - Here the word "us" refers to Paul and includes all Jewish and non-Jewish believers in Christ. Abraham is the physical ancestor of the Jewish people, but he is also the spiritual father of those who have faith. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **as it is written** - Where it is written can be made explicit: AT: "as it written in the Scriptures" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I have made you** - The word "you" is singular and refers to Abraham. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Abraham was in the presence of him whom he trusted, that is, God, who gives life to the dead** - AT: "Abraham was in the presence of God whom he trusted, who gives life to those who have died" +The word "it" refers to receiving what God had promised. AT: "it is by faith that we receive the promise" or "we receive the promise by faith" + +# in order that the promise may rest on grace + +Here "the promise may rest on grace" represents God giving what he promised because of his grace. AT: "so that what he promised might be a free gift" or "so that his promise would be because of his grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be guaranteed to all of Abraham's descendants + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all of Abraham's descendants might certainly receive what God has promised to give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who are under the law + +This refers to the Jewish people, who were obligated to obey the law of Moses. + +# those who share the faith of Abraham + +This refers to those who have faith as Abraham did before he was circumcised. AT: "those who believe as Abraham did" + +# father of us all + +Here the word "us" refers to Paul and includes all Jewish and non-Jewish believers in Christ. Abraham is the physical ancestor of the Jewish people, but he is also the spiritual father of those who have faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# as it is written + +Where it is written can be made explicit. You can also translate this in an active form. AT: "as someone has written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have made you + +Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Abraham was in the presence of him whom he trusted, that is, God, who gives life to the dead ones + +Here "of him whom he trusted" refers to God. AT: "Abraham was in the presence of God whom he trusted, who gives life to those who have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# calls the things that do not exist into existence + +"created everything from nothing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/18.md b/rom/04/18.md index f502d60e28..0bca92e90f 100644 --- a/rom/04/18.md +++ b/rom/04/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Despite all outward circumstances -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] +The full meaning of "outward circumstances" can be made explicit. AT: "Even though it seemed impossible for him to have descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# So he became the father of many nations -* **Despite all outward circumstances** - The full meaning of "outward circumstances" can be made explicit. AT: "Even though it seemed impossible for him to have descendants" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **in order to become the father of many nations** - This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "And Abraham's faith resulted in him becoming the father of many nations" -* **according to what had been spoken** - AT: "just as God said to Abraham" -* **"…Thus will be your descendants."** - The full promise God gave to Abraham can be made explicit: AT: "You will have more descendants than you can count" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Not being weak in faith** - AT: "While still remaining strong in his faith" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Abraham considered his own body already to be dead—he was about a hundred years old—and the deadness of Sarah’s womb** - Here Abraham's old age and Sarah's inability to have children is compared to something that is dead. This emphasizes that it seemed impossible for them to have children. AT: "Abraham realized he was very old and his wife Sarah could not have children" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"And the result of Abraham's faith was that he became the father of many nations" + +# according to what had been spoken + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "just as God said to Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Thus will be your descendants + +The full promise God gave to Abraham can be made explicit. AT: "You will have more descendants than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Without becoming weak in faith, + +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "He remained strong in his faith, although" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/20.md b/rom/04/20.md index 912b9cd69a..1d236cbc33 100644 --- a/rom/04/20.md +++ b/rom/04/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# did not hesitate in unbelief -* [[en:tw:Abraham]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +You can translate this double negative in a positive form. AT: "kept on acting in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# he was strengthened in faith -* **did not hesitate in unbelief** - AT: "did not doubt" -* **but was strengthened in faith** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "but he became stronger in his faith" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **giving praise to God** - AT: "and gave praise to God" -* **He was fully convinced** - AT: "Abraham was completely sure" -* **he was able also to accomplish** - AT: "God was able to do" -* **it was also counted to him as righteousness** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God counted Abraham's belief as righteousness” or “God considered Abraham righteous because Abraham believed him” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "he became stronger in his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He was fully convinced + +"Abraham was completely sure" + +# he was also able to accomplish + +"God was able to do" + +# Therefore this was also counted to him as righteousness + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Therefore God counted Abraham's belief as righteousness" or "Therefore God considered Abraham righteous because Abraham believed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/23.md b/rom/04/23.md index 151485250e..71545c9209 100644 --- a/rom/04/23.md +++ b/rom/04/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now it was -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"Now" is used here to connect Abraham's being made right by faith to present-day believer's being made right by faith in Christ's death and resurrection. -## translationNotes +# only for his benefit -* **Now** - This word is used here to mark a new part of the letter. Paul changes from talking about Abraham to talking about believers in Christ. (See: [[en:ta:workbench:discourse:home]]) -* **for his benefit only** - AT: "for Abraham only" -* **that it was counted to him** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "that God counted righteousness to him" or "God considered him righteous" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **for us** - The word "us" refers to Paul and includes all believers in Christ. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **but also for us, to whom it will be counted, we who believe** - This could be translated as a new sentence and with an active verb. AT: "It was also for our benefit, because God will consider us righteous also if we believe" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **him who raised** - AT: "God, who raised" -* **Jesus, who was delivered up for our trespasses** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "Jesus, whom God handed over to those who killed him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and was raised for our justification** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "and whom God brought back to life so we would be made right with God" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"for Abraham only" + +# that it was counted for him + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "that God counted righteousness to him" or "God considered him righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for us + +The word "us" refers to Paul and includes all believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# It was written also for us, for whom it will be counted, we who believe + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "It was also for our benefit, because God will consider us righteous also if we believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# him who raised + +"God, who raised" + +# This is the one who was delivered up for our trespasses + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "This is the one whom God handed over to those who killed him, so he may pay the penalty for our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was raised for our justification + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom God brought back to life so God could make us right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/intro.md b/rom/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d255fe8d45 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Romans 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:7-8, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The purpose of the law of Moses ##### +Paul builds upon material from chapter 3 and explains how Abraham, the father of Israel, was justified. Obedience cannot justify a person, even the great Abraham. Obeying the law of Moses does not justify a person, it is a way a person displays their faith in God. It is faith which has always justified a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Circumcision ##### +Circumcision was important to the Israelites. It identified a person as a descendant of Abraham and was a sign of the covenant between Abraham and Yahweh. Paul explains that one of the reasons for circumcision was to display the Israelite's faith. The practice of circumcision itself was not able to justify anyone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +These are frequently used in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader feel guilty, or to convict them of their sin and ultimately bring them to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/01.md b/rom/05/01.md index dab2fe4c0a..6c438e2a73 100644 --- a/rom/05/01.md +++ b/rom/05/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] +Paul begins to tell many different things that happen when God makes believers right with him. -## translationNotes +# Since -* **Since** - AT: "Because" -* **we…our** - All occurrences of "we" and "our" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **through our Lord Jesus Christ** - AT: "because of our Lord Jesus Christ" -* **Lord** - Here this means that Jesus is God. -* **Through him we also have our access by faith into this grace in which we stand ** - Paul compares believers receiving grace to a person being able to stand before a king. AT: "Because it is in Jesus that we believe, God gives us grace to stand before God" -* **We rejoice because of what we confidently expect regarding God's glory** - Some versions imitate the Greek text more closely: "We rejoice in the hope of God's glory." Other versions try to make this passage more specific. AT: "We are happy because we are confident that we will experience God’s glory" or "We are happy because we are confident that we will see God's glory" or "We are happy because we are confident that we will share in God’s glory" +"Because" + +# we ... our + +All occurrences of "we" and "our" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# through our Lord Jesus Christ + +"because of our Lord Jesus Christ" + +# Lord + +Here "Lord" means that Jesus is God. + +# Through him we also have our access by faith into this grace in which we stand + +Here "by faith" refers to our trust in Jesus, which allows us to stand before God. AT: "Because we trust in Jesus, God allows us to come into his presence" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/03.md b/rom/05/03.md index 92c704ea78..00e655c843 100644 --- a/rom/05/03.md +++ b/rom/05/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Not only this -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] +The word "this" refers to the ideas described in [Romans 5:1-2](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# we ... our ... us -* **Not only this** - The word "this" refers to the ideas described in [[en:bible:notes:rom:05:01]]. -* **we…our…us** - All occurrences of "we" "our" and "us" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **approval** - This word "approval" refers to God's saying this is good. -* **confidence for the future** - This is certainty that God will fulfill all his promises for those who believe in Christ. +All occurrences of "we," "our," and "us" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# approval + +The word "approval" refers to God's acceptance of us. + +# confidence for the future + +This is the certainty that God will fulfill all his promises for those who trust in Christ. + +# This confidence does not disappoint + +Paul uses personification here as he speaks of "confidence" as if it were alive. AT: "We are very confident that we will receive the things that we wait for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/06.md b/rom/05/06.md index af06c5a592..308f1a6d0a 100644 --- a/rom/05/06.md +++ b/rom/05/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# we -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] +The word "we" here refers to all believers and so should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# For one will hardly die for a righteous man -* **we** - The word "we" here refers to all believers and so should be inclusive. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +"It is hard to find someone who is willing to die, even for a righteous man" + +# That is, perhaps someone would dare to die for a good person + +"But you might find someone who is willing to die for such a good person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/08.md b/rom/05/08.md index 98d67bb392..65561f6179 100644 --- a/rom/05/08.md +++ b/rom/05/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# proves -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +You can translate this verb in past tense using "demonstrated" or "showed." -## translationNotes +# us ... we -* **proves** - AT: "demonstrates" or "shows" -* **us…we** - All occurrences of "us" and "we" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **Much more, then, now that we are justified by his blood** - AT: "How much more will he do for us now that we are justified by his blood" -* **saved** - Here this means that through Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished in hell for his sin. +All occurrences of "us" and "we" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Much more, then, now that we are justified by his blood + +Here "justified" means that God puts us in a right relationship with himself. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "How much more will God do for us now that he has made us right with himself because of the death of Jesus on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blood + +This is a metonym for the sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# saved + +This means that through Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross, God has forgiven us and rescued us from being punished in hell for our sin. + +# the wrath of God + +Here "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's punishment of those who have sinned against him. AT: "God's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/10.md b/rom/05/10.md index 634db4446e..e27606c2e8 100644 --- a/rom/05/10.md +++ b/rom/05/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# we were -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:reconcile]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +All occurrences of "we" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# his Son ... his life -* **us...we** - All occurrences of "we" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **his Son...his life** - AT: "God's Son...the life of God's Son" -* **after having been reconciled** - AT: "now that God considers us his friends again" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +"God's Son ... the life of God's Son" + +# we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son + +The death of the Son of the God has provided eternal forgiveness and made us friends with God, for all who believe in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God allowed us to have a peaceful relationship with him because his son died for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# after having been reconciled + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "now that God has made us his friends again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/12.md b/rom/05/12.md index 23534325ef..150e7f8320 100644 --- a/rom/05/12.md +++ b/rom/05/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Paul explains why death happened even before God gave the law to Moses. -## translationNotes +# through one man sin entered ... death entered through sin -* **Therefore** - The words that follow will be based on Paul's previous argument that all believers have been declared righteous by faith. (see UDB) -* **through one man sin entered…death entered through sin** - Paul describes "sin" as a dangerous thing that was able to come into the world through the opening that was caused by the actions of "one man," Adam. This "sin" then became an opening through which "death," another dangerous thing, also came into the world. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +Paul describes sin as a dangerous thing that came into the world through the actions of "one man," Adam. This sin then became an opening through which death, pictured here as another dangerous thing, also came into the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# For until the law, sin was in the world + +This means that the people sinned before God gave the law. AT: "People in the world sinned before God gave his law to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law + +This means that God did not charge the people with sinning before he gave the law. AT: "but God recorded no sin against the law before he gave the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/14.md b/rom/05/14.md index e2de61b9cc..606905ac39 100644 --- a/rom/05/14.md +++ b/rom/05/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Nevertheless -* [[en:tw:adam]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] +"Yet" or "There was no written law from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, but." The word "Nevertheless" links this section with the verses that came immediately before it. (See: [Romans 5:13](./12.md)) -## translationNotes +# death ruled from Adam until Moses -* **Nevertheless** - AT: "Yet" or "There was no written law from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, but" (see [[:en:bible:notes:rom:05:12]]) -* **death ruled from Adam until Moses** - Paul is comparing death to a king. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]). AT: "people continued to die from the time of Adam until the time of Moses as a consequence of their sin" -* **even over those who did not sin like Adam’s disobedience** - AT: "even people whose sins were different from Adam’s continue to die" -* **who is a figure of him who was to come** - Adam was a pattern of Christ, who appeared much later. He had much in common with him. -* **For if...the many died...much more did the grace of God and the gift...abound** - It is important that "the many died," but it is more important that "the grace of God and the gift" abounded. -* **much more did the grace...and the gift...abound** - "the grace...and the gift" were greater and stronger than the "trespass." +Paul is speaking of death as if it were a king who ruled. AT: "people continued to die from the time of Adam until the time of Moses as a consequence of their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even over those who did not sin like Adam's disobedience + +"even people whose sins were different from Adam's continue to die" + +# who is a pattern of him who was to come + +Adam was a pattern of Christ, who appeared much later. He had much in common with him. + +# For if by the trespass of one the many died + +Here "one" refers to Adam. AT: "For if by one man's sin, many died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound for the many + +Here "grace" refers to God's free gift that he made available to everyone through Jesus Christ. AT: "even more through the man Jesus Christ, who died for us all, did God kindly offer us this gift of everlasting life, although we do not deserve it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/16.md b/rom/05/16.md index 706c0b6e15..2ef1cac883 100644 --- a/rom/05/16.md +++ b/rom/05/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For the gift is not like the outcome of that one man's sin -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] +Here "the gift" refers to God's freely erasing the record of our sins. AT: "The gift is not like the result of Adam's sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# The judgment followed one trespass and brought condemnation, but the gift ... justification -* **For the gift is not like the outcome of the one who sinned** - AT: "the gift is not like the result of Adam's sin" -* **For on the one hand** - AT: "Because on the one hand" -* **on the one hand, the judgment of condemnation came because of the trespass of one man; but on the other hand** - The phrases “on the one hand” and “but on the other hand” introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "the judgment of condemnation came because of the trespass of one man, but" -* **after many trespasses** - AT: "after the sins of many" -* **trespass of one** - trespass of Adam -* **death ruled** - AT: "everyone died" -* **life of the one** - life of Jesus Christ +Here Paul gives two reasons why "the gift is not like the result of Adam's sin." The "judgment of condemnation" implies that we all deserve God's punishment for our sins. AT: "Because on the one hand, God declared that all people deserve to be punished because of the sin of one man, but on the other hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the gift followed many trespasses and brought justification + +This refers to how God makes us right with him even when we do not deserve it. AT: "God's kind gift to put us right with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# followed many trespasses + +"after the sins of many" + +# trespass of the one + +This refers to the sin of Adam. + +# death ruled + +Here Paul speaks of "death" as a king who ruled. The "rule" of death causes everyone to die. AT: "everyone died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/18.md b/rom/05/18.md index 1c6c8e16d6..f86efe25f2 100644 --- a/rom/05/18.md +++ b/rom/05/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# by one trespass -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] +"through the one sin committed by Adam" or "because of Adam's sin" -## translationNotes +# condemnation came to all people -* **through one trespass** - through the one sin committed by Adam. AT: "because of Adam's sin" -* **one act** - the sacrifice of Jesus Christ -* **one man’s disobedience** - the disobedience of Adam -* **the obedience of the one** - the obedience of Jesus +Here "condemnation" refers to God's punishment. AT: "all people deserve God's punishment for sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# one act + +the sacrifice of Jesus Christ + +# justification and life for all people + +Here "justification" refers to God's ability to make people right with him. AT: "God's offer to make all people right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# one man's disobedience + +the disobedience of Adam + +# the many were made sinners + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "many people sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the obedience of the one + +the obedience of Jesus + +# will the many be made righteous + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will make many people right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/20.md b/rom/05/20.md index ecfd684ea0..e2c82178bb 100644 --- a/rom/05/20.md +++ b/rom/05/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# the law came in -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:trespass]] +Here Paul speaks of the law as if it were a person. AT: "God gave his law to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# abounded -* **the Law came in alongside** - AT: "the Law sneaked in" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **the trespass might abound** - This means both that "people might realize how greatly they had sinned" (UDB) and "people might commit more sins." -* **abounded** - AT: "increased" -* **as sin ruled in death** - AT: "as sin resulted in death" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **even so grace might rule through righteousness for everlasting life through Jesus Christ our Lord** - AT: "grace gave people everlasting life through the righteousness of Jesus Christ our Lord" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **our Lord** - Paul includes his readers and all believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +"increased" + +# grace abounded even more + +Here "grace" refers to God's undeserved blessings. AT: "God continued to act even more kindly toward them, in a way that they did not deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as sin ruled in death + +Here Paul speaks of "sin" as if it were a king that ruled. AT: "as sin resulted in death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even so grace might rule through righteousness for everlasting life through Jesus Christ our Lord + +Paul speaks of "grace" here as if it were a king that ruled. AT: "grace gave people everlasting life through the righteousness of Jesus Christ our Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so grace might rule through righteousness + +Paul speaks of "grace" here as if it were a king that ruled. The word "righteousness" refers to God's ability to make people right with him. AT: "so God might give his free gift to people to make them right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# our Lord + +Paul includes himself, his readers, and all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/intro.md b/rom/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..651364e954 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Romans 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many scholars view 5:12-17 as some of the most important, but difficult, verses in Scripture to understand. Some of their richness and meaning has undoubtedly been lost in their translation from the original Greek construction. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Results of justification ##### +A major aspect of this chapter involves Paul's explanation of the results of justification. These include: peace with God, access to God, confidence about our future destiny, an ability to rejoice in sufferings, eternal salvation and reconciliation with God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]]) + +##### "All sinned" ##### +Scholars are divided over how this worked. Some believe that all of mankind was present in the "seed of Adam" and that, as Adam is the father of all mankind, all of mankind was present when Adam sinned. Others believe that Adam served as a representative head for mankind and when he sinned all of mankind "fell" as a result. Whether people today played an active or passive role in Adam's original sin is one difference between these views. Other passages will help one to come to a conclusion regarding this issue. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/seed]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +##### The second Adam ##### +Adam was the first man and the first "son" of God. He was a creation of God and brought sin and death into the world by eating the forbidden fruit. Paul describes Jesus as the "second Adam" in this chapter and the true son of God. He brings life and overcomes sin and death by his death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/01.md b/rom/06/01.md index a090de6e7c..f68204eb5e 100644 --- a/rom/06/01.md +++ b/rom/06/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Under grace, Paul tells those who believe in Jesus to live a new life as though dead to sin and alive to God. -## translationNotes +# What then will we say? Should we continue in sin so that grace may abound? -* **What then will we say? Should we continue in sin so that grace may abound?** - Paul is anticipating a question someone might ask about what he has written about grace in [[en:bible:notes:rom:05:20]]. For a good way to restructure this as a statement, see UDB. -* **we...us** - The pronouns "we" and "us" refer to Paul, his readers, and other people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **abound** - AT: "increase greatly" +Paul asks these rhetorical questions to get the attention of his readers. AT: "So, what should we say about all of this? We certainly should not keep on sinning so that God will give us more and more grace! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we say + +The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, his readers, and other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# We who died to sin, how can we still live in it? + +Here "died to sin" means that those who follow Jesus are now like dead people who cannot be affected by sin. Paul uses this rhetorical question to add emphasis. AT: "We are now like dead people on whom sin has no effect! So we certainly should not keep on sinning!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not know that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? + +Paul uses this question to add emphasis. AT: "Remember, when someone baptized us to show that we have a relationship with Christ, this also shows that we died with Christ on the cross! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/04.md b/rom/06/04.md index a165bef076..289e0d5962 100644 --- a/rom/06/04.md +++ b/rom/06/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# We were buried, then, with him through baptism into death -* [[en:tw:baptize]] -* [[en:tw:bury]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:resurrection]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Here Paul speaks of a believer's baptism in water as if it were a death and burial. AT: "When someone baptized us, it is just like that person buried us with Christ in the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# just as Christ was raised from the dead ones by the glory of the Father, so also we might walk in newness of life -* **buried with him through baptism into death** - This is comparing a believer's baptism into water with Jesus' death and burial in a tomb. This emphasizes that a believer in Christ shares the benefits of his death, which means sin no longer has power over the believer. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so also we might walk in newness of life** - This compares a believer coming to life spiritually to Jesus coming back to life physically. The believer's new spiritual life enables that person to obey God. AT: "just as the Father brought Jesus back to life after he died, we might have new spiritual life and obey God" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **become united with him in the likeness of his death...be united with his resurrection** - AT: "joined with him in his death...join with him in life after death" or "died with him...come back to life with him" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This compares a believer's new spiritual life to Jesus coming back to life physically. The believer's new spiritual life enables that person to obey God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "just as the Father brought Jesus back to life after he died, we might have new spiritual life and obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# become united with him in the likeness of his death ... be united with his resurrection + +Paul compares our union with Christ to death. Those who are joined with Christ in death will share in his resurrection. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "died with him ... come back to life with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/06.md b/rom/06/06.md index 754642acaa..b55b027cd9 100644 --- a/rom/06/06.md +++ b/rom/06/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# our old man was crucified with him -* [[en:tw:crucify]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The "old man" is a metaphor that refers to the person before he believes in Jesus. Paul describes our old sinful person as dying on the cross with Jesus when we believe in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "our sinful person died on the cross with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# old man -* **our old man was crucified with him** - Here, Paul refers to a believer as being one person before they believed in Jesus and a different person after they believed in Jesus. The "old man" refers to the person before he believes in Jesus. The person is spiritually dead and sin controls him. Paul describes our old sinful person as dying on the cross with Jesus when we believe in Jesus. AT: "our sinful person was on the cross with Jesus" -* **old man** - This the person one once was but is no longer. AT: "former man" -* **body of sin** - the whole sinful person (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **might be destroyed** - AT: "might die" -* **we should no longer be enslaved to sin** - Paul compares the power sin has over a person to a master controlling a slave: a person without the Holy Spirit will always choose what is sinful. He is not free to do what pleases God. AT: "we should no longer be slaves to sin" or "we should no longer choose to do what is sinful" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **he who has died is declared righteous in respect to sin** - AT: "God will declare righteous anyone who has died to the power of sin" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This means the person who once was, but who does not exist now. + +# the body of sin + +This is a metonym that refers to the whole sinful person. AT: "our sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# might be destroyed + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "might die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we should no longer be enslaved to sin + +Paul compares the power sin has over a person to a master who controls a slave. A person without the Holy Spirit is not free to do what pleases God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "we should no longer choose to do what is sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He who has died is declared righteous with respect to sin + +Here "righteous" refers to God's ability to make people right with him. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "When God declares a person right with him, that person is no longer controlled by sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/08.md b/rom/06/08.md index 88cd75ca00..ff67cbf6c6 100644 --- a/rom/06/08.md +++ b/rom/06/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# we have died with Christ -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] +Here "died" refers to the fact that believers are no longer controlled by sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# We know that Christ has been raised from the dead ones -* **we have died with Christ** - Although Christ died physically, here "died" refers to believers dying spiritually to the power of sin. AT: "we have spiritually died with Christ" -* **We know that Christ has been raised from the dead** - AT: "God brought Christ back to life after he died" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Death no longer rules over him** - Here "death" is described as a king or ruler that has power over people. AT: "He can never die again" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "We know God brought Christ back to life after he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Death no longer rules over him + +Here "death" is described as a king or ruler that has power over people. AT: "He can never die again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/10.md b/rom/06/10.md index 33e8094e65..df9209bed5 100644 --- a/rom/06/10.md +++ b/rom/06/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For in regard to the death that he died to sin, he died once for all -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The phrase "once for all" means to finish something completely. You can make this full meaning explicit in your translation. AT: "For when he died he broke the power of sin completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# In the same way, you also must consider -* **For the death that he died to sin, he died once for all** - The phrase "once for all" means to finish something completely. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "For when he died he broke the power of sin completely" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Thus also you: consider** - AT: "In the same way, consider" or "For this reason consider" -* **consider yourselves** - AT: "think of yourselves as" or "see yourselves as" -* **dead to sin** - Here "sin" refers to the power that lives within us and makes us want to sin. AT: "dead to the power of sin" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **dead to sin on the one hand, but on the other hand, alive to God** - The phrases “on the one hand” and “on the other hand” introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "dead to sin but also alive to God" -* **alive to God in Christ Jesus** - AT: "living to obey God by the power Christ Jesus gives you" +"For this reason consider" + +# consider yourselves + +"think of yourselves as" or "see yourselves as" + +# dead to sin + +Just as one cannot force a corpse to do anything, sin has no power to force believers to dishonor God. AT: "as if you were dead to the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dead to sin, but alive to God + +"dead to the power of sin, but living to honor God" + +# alive to God in Christ Jesus + +"living to honor God through the power Christ Jesus gives you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/12.md b/rom/06/12.md index 25a72e15ad..2f3283a285 100644 --- a/rom/06/12.md +++ b/rom/06/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Paul reminds us that grace rules over us, not the law; we are not sin's slaves, but God's slaves. -## translationNotes +# do not let sin rule ... Do not allow sin to rule -* **do not let sin rule...Do not allow sin to rule** - "Sin" is described as a person's king or master. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **your mortal body** - This phrase refers to the physical part of a person, which will die. AT: "you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **in order that you obey its lusts** - The master, "sin," wants the sinner to obey the master's commands to do evil things. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Do not present your body parts to sin as tools for unrighteousness** - The picture is of the sinner offering his "body parts" to his master or king. AT: "Do not offer yourselves to sin so that you do what is not right" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **but present yourselves to God, as alive from the dead** - AT: "but offer yourselves to God, because he has given you new spiritual life" -* **your body parts as tools for righteousness for God** - AT: "let God use you for what is pleasing to him" -* **Do not allow sin to rule over you** - AT: "Do not let sinful desires control what you do" or "Do not allow yourselves to do the sinful things you want to do" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **for you are not under law** - The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "for you are no longer bound to the Law of Moses, which could not give you the power to stop sinning" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **but under grace** - The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "but you are bound to God's grace, which does give you the power to stop sinning" +Paul describes sin as a person's king or master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# your mortal body + +This phrase refers to the physical part of a person, which will die. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in order that you may obey its lusts + +As master, "sin" wants the sinner to obey its commands to do evil things. + +# Do not present the parts of your body to sin, to be tools used for unrighteousness + +The picture is of the sinner offering the "parts of his body" to his master or king. One's "body parts" are a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "Do not offer yourselves to sin so that you do what is not right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# But present yourselves to God, as dead ones who are now living + +Here "now living" refers to the believer's new spiritual life. AT: "But offer yourselves to God, because he has given you new spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# present the parts of your body to God as tools to be used for righteousness + +Here "parts of your body" is a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. AT: "let God use you for what is pleasing to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Do not allow sin to rule over you + +Paul speaks of "sin" here as if it were a king who rules over people. AT: "Do not let sinful desires control what you do" or "Do not allow yourselves to do the sinful things you want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# For you are not under law + +To be "under law" means to be subject to its limitations and weaknesses. You can make the full meaning explicit in your translation. AT: "For you are no longer bound to the law of Moses, which could not give you the power to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but under grace + +To be "under grace" means that God's free gift provides the power to keep from sinning. You can make the full meaning explicit in your translation. AT: "but you are bound to God's grace, which does give you the power to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/15.md b/rom/06/15.md index 983bef78f1..37fa08fd47 100644 --- a/rom/06/15.md +++ b/rom/06/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law, but under grace? May it never be -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Paul is using a question to emphasize that living under grace is not a reason to sin. AT: "However, just because we are bound to grace instead of the law of Moses certainly does not mean we are allowed to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# May it never be -* Paul uses slavery as a metaphor for obedience and disobedience to God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law, but under grace? May it never be.** - Paul is using a question to emphasize that living under grace is not a reason to sin. AT: "However, just because we are bound to grace instead of the Law of Moses certainly does not mean we are allowed to sin." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **May it never be** - "We would never want that to happen!" or "May God help me not to do that!" This expression shows an extremely strong desire that this not take place. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated it in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:03:31]]. -* **Do you not know that the one to whom you present yourselves as servants for obedience, you are the servants of the one whom you obey** - Paul uses a question to scold anyone who may think God's grace is a reason to keep sinning. AT: "You should know that you are slaves to the master you choose to obey." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **whether of sin for death, or of obedience for righteousness** - Here, "sin" and "obedience" are described as masters that a slave would serve. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You are either a slave to sin, which results in spiritual death, or you are a slave to obedience, which results in God declaring you righteous" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) +"We would never want that to happen!" or "May God help me not to do that!" This expression shows an extremely strong desire that this does not take place. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated it in [Romans 3:31](../03/31.md). + +# Do you not know that the one to whom you present yourselves as servants is the one to which you are obedient, the one you must obey? + +Paul uses a question to scold anyone who may think God's grace is a reason to keep sinning. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You should know that you are slaves to the master you choose to obey!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# This is true whether you are servants to sin which leads to death, or servants to obedience which leads to righteousness + +Here, Paul describes "sin" and "obedience" as masters that a slave would serve. AT: "You are either a slave to sin, which results in spiritual death, or you are a slave to obedience, which results in doing the things that God wants you to do (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/17.md b/rom/06/17.md index 68ef22c22c..26f6047146 100644 --- a/rom/06/17.md +++ b/rom/06/17.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But thanks be to God! -* [[en:tw:God]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"But I thank God!" -## translationNotes +# For you were servants of sin -* Paul continues to use slavery as a metaphor for obedience and disobedience to God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **But thanks be to God!** - AT: "But I thank God!" -* **For you were servants of sin** - Here "sin" is described as a master that a slave would serve. Also, "sin" refers to the power that lives in us that makes us choose to do what is sinful. AT: "For you were slaves to the power of sin" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but you obeyed from the heart** - Here the word "heart" refers to having sincere or honest motives for doing something. AT: "but you truly obeyed" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the form of teaching that you were given** - Here "form" refers to the pattern or way of living that leads to righteousness. The believers change their old way of living to match this new way of living that Christian leaders teach to them. AT: "the teaching that Christian leaders gave you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). -* **You have been made free from sin** - AT: "Christ has freed you from the power of sin" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **enslaved to righteousness** - AT: "you are now a slave to doing what is right" +Here "sin" is described as a master that a slave would serve. Also, "sin" refers to the power that lives in us that makes us choose to do what is sinful. AT: "For you were slaves to the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but you have obeyed from the heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to having sincere or honest motives for doing something. AT: "but you truly obeyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the pattern of teaching that you were given + +Here "pattern" refers to the way of living that leads to righteousness. The believers change their old way of living to match this new way of living that Christian leaders teach to them. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the teaching that Christian leaders gave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). + +# You have been made free from sin + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Christ has freed you from the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# servants of righteousness + +"you are now a servant for doing what is right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/19.md b/rom/06/19.md index ca64f79806..dc01c2a45e 100644 --- a/rom/06/19.md +++ b/rom/06/19.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I speak like a man -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] +"Here I am using examples from everyday life" -## translationNotes +# because of the weakness of your flesh -* Paul continues to use slavery as a metaphor for obedience and disobedience to God. -* **I speak like a man** - Paul is describing "sin" and "obedience" as "slavery." AT: "I am speaking about slavery to describe sin and obedience" -* **because of the weakness of your flesh** - Often Paul uses the word "flesh" as the opposite of "spirit." AT: "because you do not fully understand spiritual things" -* **presented your body parts as slaves to uncleanness and to evil** - Here, "body parts" refers to the whole person. AT: "offered yourselves as slaves to everything that is evil and not pleasing to God" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **present your body parts as slaves to righteousness for sanctification** - AT: "offer yourselves as slaves to what right before God so that he might set you apart and give you the power to serve him" ​ -* **What fruit then did you have at that time of the things of which you are now ashamed?** - Paul is using a question to emphasize that sinning results in nothing good. AT: "You gained nothing by doing those things that now cause you shame." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +Often Paul uses the word "flesh" as the opposite of "spirit." AT: "because you do not fully understand spiritual things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# presented the parts of your body as slaves to uncleanness and to evil + +Here, "body parts" refers to the whole person. AT: "offered yourselves as slaves to everything that is evil and not pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# present the parts of your body as slaves to righteousness for sanctification + +Here "body parts" refers to the whole person. AT: "offer yourselves as slaves to what is right before God so that he might set you apart and give you the power to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# At that time, what fruit then did you have of the things of which you are now ashamed? + +Paul is using a question to emphasize that sinning results in nothing good. AT: "You gained nothing by doing those things that now cause you shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/22.md b/rom/06/22.md index 3ba666666b..1b989c4533 100644 --- a/rom/06/22.md +++ b/rom/06/22.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# But now that you have been made free from sin and are enslaved to God -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "But now that Christ has freed you from sin and has bound you to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The result is eternal life -* **But now that you have been made free from sin and are enslaved to God** - This can be translated as a complete sentence and with active verbs. AT: "But now Christ has freed you from sin and has bound you to God" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and the outcome is eternal life** - AT: "and the result of all of this is that you will live forever with God" -* **For the wages of sin are death** - The word "wages" refers to a payment given to someone for their work. AT: "For if you serve sin, you will receive spiritual death as payment" or "For if you continue sinning, God will punish you with spiritual death" -* **but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord** - AT: "but God freely gives eternal life to those who belong to Christ Jesus our Lord" +"and the result of all of this is that you will live forever with God" + +# For the wages of sin are death + +The word "wages" refers to a payment given to someone for their work. "For if you serve sin, you will receive spiritual death as payment" or "For if you continue sinning, God will punish you with spiritual death" + +# but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord + +"but God gives eternal life to those who belong to Christ Jesus our Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/intro.md b/rom/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8089ccda95 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Romans 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins by answering a possible or hypothetical objection to Paul's teaching in chapter 5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Against the Law ##### +This chapter refutes the teaching that Christians can live however they want after they have received salvation. Scholars call this teaching antinomianism or being "against the law" because people are attempting to live without any type of rules in their life. Paul recalls the great price Jesus paid for a Christian's salvation as motivation for godly living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +##### Servants of sin ##### +Before coming to faith in Jesus, people are servants or slaves of sin. After salvation, a Christian is freed from this bondage and is able to choose to serve Christ in their life. Paul explains that when a Christian chooses to sin, it is because the person has willingly chosen sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Fruit ##### +The imagery of fruit is used in this chapter. The image of fruit usually refers to faith producing acts of righteousness in a person's life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +These are frequently used in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader feel guilty, or to convict them of their sin and ultimately bring them to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Death ##### +Death is used many different ways in this chapter. Physical death, spiritual death, the reign of sin in the heart of man and to put an end to something. Sin and death are supposed to contrast the new life provided by Christ and the new way a Christian is supposed to live after they receive salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/01.md b/rom/07/01.md index 3715b6d720..7824b0e30a 100644 --- a/rom/07/01.md +++ b/rom/07/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:law]] +Paul explains how the law controls those who want to live under the law. -## translationNotes +# do you not know, brothers ... that the law controls a person for as long as he lives? -* **the law controls a person for as long as he lives** - Paul gives an example of this in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:07:02]]. +Paul asks this question to add emphasis. AT: "So you certainly know that people have to obey laws only while they are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# the law controls a person for as long as he lives + +Paul gives an example of this in [Romans 7:2-3](./02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/02.md b/rom/07/02.md index b88fe2d7c0..2c281d9cbd 100644 --- a/rom/07/02.md +++ b/rom/07/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the married woman -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This refers to any woman who is married. -## translationNotes +# she will be called an adulteress -* Paul gives an example of the principle he stated in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:07:01]]. -* **she will be called an adulteress** - The one who "called" is not clear, so be as general as possible. AT: "people will call her an adulteress" or "God will consider her an adulteress" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will consider her an adulteress" or "people will call her an adulteress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/04.md b/rom/07/04.md index 374fe5ab20..d046ec04c8 100644 --- a/rom/07/04.md +++ b/rom/07/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Therefore -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This relates back to [Romans 7:1](./01.md). -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **Therefore** - This relates back to [[:en:bible:notes:rom:07:01]]. AT: "Because this is how law works" -* **we might produce fruit for God** - AT: "we might be able to do things pleasing to God" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **produce fruit** - Here this means change his inward spiritual condition. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# you were also made dead to the law through the body of Christ + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "you also died to the law when through Christ you died on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we might produce fruit for God + +Here "fruit" is a metaphor for actions that please God. AT: "we might be able to do things pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to bear fruit for death + +Here "fruit" is a metaphor that refers to living a sinful life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/06.md b/rom/07/06.md index 5a77ac1790..c7bb843ff1 100644 --- a/rom/07/06.md +++ b/rom/07/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +Paul reminds us that God does not make us holy by the law. -## translationNotes +# we have been released from the law -* **we** - This pronoun refers to Paul and the believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **the letter** - AT: "the Law of Moses" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has released us from the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we + +This pronoun refers to Paul and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# to that by which we were held + +This refers to the law. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to the law which held us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the letter + +This refers to the law of Moses. AT: "the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/07.md b/rom/07/07.md index b6cf136c5f..60640ec9c2 100644 --- a/rom/07/07.md +++ b/rom/07/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# What will we say then? -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Paul is introducing a new topic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# May it never be -* **What will we say then?** - Paul is introducing a new topic. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **May it never be** - "Of course that is not true!" This expression give the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:09:14]]. -* **I would not have known sin…. …sin, taking the opportunity…brought about every lust** - Paul is comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **sin, taking the opportunity through the commandment, brought about every lust in me** - When God's law tells us not to do something, it is because we have been told not to do it that we want to do it more. AT: "sin reminded me of the commandment not to desire wrong things, and so I desired those wrong things even more than before" or "because I wanted to sin, when I heard the commandment not to desire wrong things, I desired...." -* **sin** - AT: "my desire to sin" -* **lust** - This word includes both the desire to have what belongs to other people (see UDB) and wrong sexual desire. -* **without the Law, sin is dead** - AT: "if there were no Law, there would be no breaking of the Law, so there would be no sin" +"Of course that is not true!" This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). + +# I would never have known sin, if it were not through the law ... But sin took the opportunity ... brought about every lust + +Paul is comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# sin + +"my desire to sin" + +# lust + +This word includes both the desire to have what belongs to other people and wrong sexual desire. + +# without the law, sin is dead + +"if there were no law, there would be no breaking of the law, so there would be no sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/09.md b/rom/07/09.md index 4a00c7c07a..014f08c38e 100644 --- a/rom/07/09.md +++ b/rom/07/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# sin regained life -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This can mean 1) "I realized that I was sinning" or 2) "I strongly desired to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# The commandment that was to bring life turned out to be death for me -* **sin regained life** - This can mean 1) "I realized that I was sinning" (UDB) or 2) "I strongly desired to sin" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **The commandment, which was to bring life, I found to be death** - Paul did not literally die. AT: "God gave me the commandment so I would live, but it killed me instead" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of God's condemnation as if it resulted primarily in physical death. AT: "God gave me the commandment so I would live, but it killed me instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/11.md b/rom/07/11.md index 0b54814feb..04abe9e332 100644 --- a/rom/07/11.md +++ b/rom/07/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For sin took the opportunity through the commandment and deceived me. Through the commandment it killed me -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +As in [Romans 7:7-8](./07.md), Paul is describing sin as a person who can do 3 things: take the opportunity, deceive, and kill. AT: "Because I wanted to sin, I deceived myself into thinking that I could sin and obey the commandment at the same time, but God punished me for disobeying the commandment by separating me from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# sin -* **sin, taking the opportunity through the commandment, deceived me, and through the commandment it killed me.** - As in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:07:07]], Paul is describing sin as a person who can do 3 things: take the opportunity, deceive, and kill. AT: "because I wanted to sin, I deceived myself into thinking that I could sin and obey the commandment at the same time, but God punished me for disobeying the commandment by separating me from him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **sin** - AT: "my desire to sin" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **taking the opportunity through the commandment** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:07:07]]. -* **it killed me** - AT: "it separated me from God" (See UDB, [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Therefore** - AT: "Because the law allows sin to be recognized as a deceiver and killer" +"my desire to sin" + +# took the opportunity through the commandment + +Paul is comparing sin to a person who can act. See how you translated this in [Romans 7:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# it killed me + +Paul speaks of God's condemnation on sinners as if it resulted primarily in physical death. AT: "it separated me from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# holy + +Morally perfect, without sin \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/13.md b/rom/07/13.md index b5c1a245d1..0996677eab 100644 --- a/rom/07/13.md +++ b/rom/07/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Paul talks about the struggle inside his inner man between sin in his inner man and his mind with the law of God—between sin and good. -## translationNotes +# So -* **Then** - Paul is introducing a new topic. -* **what is good** - This refers to God's law. -* **become death to me** - AT: "caused me to die" -* **May it never be** - AT: "Of course that is not true!" This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **sin...brought about death in me** - Paul is viewing sin as though it were a person who could act. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **brought about death in me** - AT: "separated me from God" -* **through the commandment** - AT: "because I disobeyed the commandment" +Paul is introducing a new topic. + +# did what is good become death to me? + +Paul uses this question to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what is good + +This refers to God's law. + +# become death to me + +"cause me to die" + +# May it never be + +This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. AT: "Of course that is not true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# sin ... brought about death in me + +Paul is viewing sin as though it were a person who could act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# brought about death in me + +"separated me from God" + +# through the commandment + +"because I disobeyed the commandment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/15.md b/rom/07/15.md index 20853778bf..48b26a4fef 100644 --- a/rom/07/15.md +++ b/rom/07/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] +Paul talks about the struggle inside his inner man between his flesh and the law of God—between sin and good. -## translationNotes +# For what I do, I do not really understand -* **For that which I do, I do not really understand** - AT: "I am not sure why I do some of the things that I do" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **For** - AT: "I do not understand why I do what I do because" -* **what I hate, I do** - AT: "The things that I know are not good are the things that I do" -* **But** - "However" -* **I agree with the Law** - AT: "I know God's law is good" +"I am not sure why I do some of the things that I do" + +# For + +"because" + +# what I want to do, I do not do + +The words "I do not do" are an exaggeration to emphasize that Paul does not do what he wants to do as often as he would like or that he does what he does not want to do too often. AT: "I do not always do what I want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# what I hate, I do + +The words "I do," which implies that he always does what he hates to do, are an exaggeration to emphasize that Paul does what he does not want to do too often. AT: "the things that I know are not good are the things that I sometimes do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# But + +"However" + +# I agree with the law + +"I know God's law is good" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/17.md b/rom/07/17.md index 364ee30166..6ada249008 100644 --- a/rom/07/17.md +++ b/rom/07/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the sin that lives in me -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Paul describes sin as a living being that has the power to influence him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# my flesh -* **the sin that lives in me** - Paul describes sin as a living being that has the power to influence him. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **my flesh** - AT: "my human nature" +Here "flesh" is a metonym for the sinful nature. AT: "my sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/19.md b/rom/07/19.md index 80c4de716a..c61344447d 100644 --- a/rom/07/19.md +++ b/rom/07/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# good -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +"good deeds" or "good actions" -## translationNotes +# evil -* **good** - AT: "good deeds" or "good actions" -* **evil** - AT: "evil deeds" or "evil actions" -* **principle** - Here this is different from the law of Moses. +"evil deeds" or "evil actions" + +# rather sin that lives in me + +Paul speaks of "sin" as if it were alive and living inside him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# that evil is actually present in me + +Paul speaks of "evil" here as if it were alive and living inside him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/22.md b/rom/07/22.md index 23cce8eb93..ecd103097d 100644 --- a/rom/07/22.md +++ b/rom/07/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the inner man -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This is the newly-revived spirit of a person who trusts in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# But I see a different principle in my body parts. It fights against that new principle in my mind. It takes me captive -* **the inner man** - The part of a person that remains after the body dies. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a different principle in my body parts, warring against that new principle in my mind, and taking me captive** - AT: "I am able only to do what my old nature tells me to do, not to live the new way the Spirit shows me" -* **that new principle** - This is the new spiritually alive nature. -* **a different principle in my body parts** - This is the old nature, the way people are when they are born. -* **the principle of sin which is in my body parts** - AT: "my sinful nature" +"I am able only to do what my old nature tells me to do, not to live the new way the Spirit shows me" + +# new principle + +This is the new spiritually alive nature. + +# a different principle in my body parts + +This is the old nature, the way people are when they are born. + +# the principle of sin that is in my body parts + +"my sinful nature" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/24.md b/rom/07/24.md index 53d313bce7..8dfc227373 100644 --- a/rom/07/24.md +++ b/rom/07/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Who will deliver me from this body of death? -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:law]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Paul uses this question to express great emotion. If your language has a way of showing great emotion through an exclamation or a question, use it here. AT: "I want someone to set me free from the control of what my body desires!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# this body of death -* ** Who will deliver me from this body of death?** - "I want someone to set me free from the control of what my body desires" (UDB). If your language has a way to show that both the exclamation and the question are highly emotional, use it here. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **thanks to God through Jesus Christ our Lord** - This is the answer to the question in 7:24. (see UDB) -* **So then I myself on the one hand with the mind serve the Law of God, but on the other hand serve the principle of sin with the flesh** - The mind and flesh are used here to show how they compare to serve either God's Laws or the principle of sin. With the mind or intellect one can choose to please and obey God and with the flesh or physical nature to serve sin. AT: "My mind chooses to please God, but my flesh chooses to obey sin" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor that means a body that will experience physical death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord + +This is the answer to the question in 7:24. + +# So then, I myself serve the law of God with my mind. However, with the flesh I serve the principle of sin + +The mind and flesh are used here to show how they compare to serve either God's law or the principle of sin. With the mind or intellect one can choose to please and obey God and with the flesh or physical nature to serve sin. AT: "My mind chooses to please God, but my flesh chooses to obey sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/intro.md b/rom/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3254857682 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Romans 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "Or do you not know" ##### +This phrase is used to mark the narrative and shifts the topic of the discussion. It connects this discussion with the previous teaching. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "We have been released from the law" ##### +Paul explains that the law of Moses is no longer in effect. While this is true, the principles behind the law are a reflection of the character of God and are timeless. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Marriage ##### +Marriage is a common metaphor used in Scripture. Here it is used to describe the church's relationship to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/01.md b/rom/08/01.md index 971d7846a9..7f75003520 100644 --- a/rom/08/01.md +++ b/rom/08/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Paul gives the answer to the struggle he has with sin and good. -## translationNotes +# There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus -* **therefore** - "for that reason" or "because what I have just told you is true" -* **principle...principle** - The word "principle" here refers to the way things work by nature. This has nothing to do with rules laid down by people. +Here "condemnation" refers to punishing people. AT: "God will not condemn and punish those who are joined to Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# therefore + +"for that reason" or "because what I have just told you is true" + +# the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus + +This refers to God's Spirit. AT: "God's Spirit in Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the law of sin and death + +This refers to our sinful nature that forces us to sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/03.md b/rom/08/03.md index 80f3b4bb76..a88cef89c6 100644 --- a/rom/08/03.md +++ b/rom/08/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# For what the law was unable to do because it was weak through the flesh, God did -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Here the law is described as a person who could not break the power of sin. AT: "For the law did not have the power to stop us from sinning, because the power of sin within us was too strong. But God did stop us from sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# through the flesh -* **For what the Law was unable to do because it was weak through the flesh, God did** - Here the Law is described as a person who could not break the power of sin. AT: "For the Law did not have the power to stop us from sinning, because the power of sin within us was too strong. But God did stop us from sinning" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **through the flesh** - AT: "because of people's sinful nature" -* **in the likeness of sinful flesh** - This can be a new sentence. AT: "He looked like any other sinful human being" -* **to be an offering for sin** - AT:"so that he could die as a sacrifice for our sins" -* **and he condemned sin in the flesh** - AT: "and God broke the power of sin through the body of his Son" -* **the requirements of the Law might be fulfilled in us** - AT: "we might fulfill what the Law requires" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **we who walk not according to the flesh** - AT: "we who do not obey our sinful desires" -* **but according to the Spirit** - AT: "but who obey the Holy Spirit" +"because of people's sinful nature" + +# He ... sent his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh ... an offering for sin ... he condemned sin + +The Son of God forever satisfied God's holy anger against our sin by giving his own body and human life as the eternal sacrifice for sin. + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in the likeness of sinful flesh + +"who looked like any other sinful human being" + +# to be an offering for sin + +"so that he could die as a sacrifice for our sins" + +# he condemned sin in the flesh + +"God broke the power of sin through the body of his Son" + +# the requirements of the law might be fulfilled in us + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "we might fulfill what the law requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we who walk not according to the flesh + +"we who do not obey our sinful desires" + +# but according to the Spirit + +"but who obey the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/06.md b/rom/08/06.md index e9944ceab4..7131349400 100644 --- a/rom/08/06.md +++ b/rom/08/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] +Paul continues to contrast the flesh with the Spirit we now have. -## translationNotes +# the mind set on the flesh ... the mind set on the Spirit -* **mentality of the flesh...the mentality of the Spirit** - "the way sinful people think...the way people who listen to the Holy Spirit think" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **death** - Here this means the separation of a person from God. +Here Paul speaks of both the "flesh" and the "spirit" as if they were living persons. AT: "the way sinful people think ... the way people who listen to the Holy Spirit think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# death + +Here this means the separation of a person from God. + +# Those who are in the flesh + +This refers to people who do what their sinful nature tells them to do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/09.md b/rom/08/09.md index f1071e8340..91bf85da65 100644 --- a/rom/08/09.md +++ b/rom/08/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# in the flesh -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +"acting according to your sinful natures." See how "the flesh" was translated in [Romans 8:5](./03.md). -## translationNotes +# in the Spirit -* **in the flesh but in the Spirit** - See how these phrases were translated in [[en:bible:notes:rom:08:03]]. -* **Spirit...God's Spirit...Spirit of Christ** - These all refer to the Holy Spirit. -* **if it is true that** - This phrase does not mean Paul doubts that some of them have God's Spirit. Paul wants them to realize that they all have God's Spirit. AT: "since" or "because" -* **If Christ is in you** - How Christ lives in a person could be made explicit. AT: "If Christ lives in you through the Holy Spirit" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **on the one hand the body is dead in respect to sin, but on the other hand** - The phrases "on the one hand" and "but on the other hand" introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "the body is dead in respect to sin, but" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the body is dead in respect to sin** - Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually dead to the power of sin or 2) the physical body will still die because of sin. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the spirit is alive in respect to righteousness** - Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually alive God has given him power to do what is right or 2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +"acting according to the Holy Spirit" + +# Spirit ... God's Spirit ... Spirit of Christ + +These all refer to the Holy Spirit. + +# if it is true that + +This phrase does not mean Paul doubts that some of them have God's Spirit. Paul wants them to realize that they all have God's Spirit. AT: "since" or "because" + +# If Christ is in you + +How Christ lives in a person could be made explicit. AT: "If Christ lives in you through the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the body is dead with respect to sin + +Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually dead to the power of sin or 2) the physical body will still die because of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the spirit is alive with respect to righteousness + +Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually alive because God has given him power to do what is right or 2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/11.md b/rom/08/11.md index 6efe909f5a..cd026aaf84 100644 --- a/rom/08/11.md +++ b/rom/08/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# If the Spirit ... lives in you -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] +Paul assumes that the Holy Spirit lives in his readers. AT: "Since the Spirit ... lives in you" -## translationNotes +# of him who raised -* **If the Spirit...lives in you** - Paul assumes that the Holy Spirit lives in his readers. AT: "Since the Spirit...lives in you" -* **of him who raised** - AT: "of God, who raised" -* **raised** - Here this means to cause a dead person to become alive again. -* **mortal bodies** - AT: "physical bodies" or "bodies, which will die someday" +"of God, who raised" + +# raised + +Here this means to cause a dead person to become alive again. + +# mortal bodies + +"physical bodies" or "bodies, which will die someday" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/12.md b/rom/08/12.md index 79593c84e2..45c0fcebba 100644 --- a/rom/08/12.md +++ b/rom/08/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# So then -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +"Because what I have just told you is true" -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **So then** - AT: "Because what I have just told you is true" -* **brothers** - AT: "fellow believers" -* **we are debtors** - Paul is comparing obedience to paying back a debt. AT: "we need to obey" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **but not to the flesh to live according to the flesh** - AT: AT: "but we do not need to obey our sinful desires" -* **For if you live according to the flesh** - AT: "Because if you live only to please your sinful desires" -* **you are about to die** - AT: "you will certainly be separated from God" -* **but if by the Spirit you put to death the body's actions** - AT, as a new sentence: "But if by the power of the Holy Spirit you stop obeying your sinful desires" +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# we are debtors + +Paul is speaking of obedience as if it were paying back a debt. AT: "we need to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but not to the flesh to live according to the flesh + +Again Paul speaks of obedience as if it were paying back a debt. You can include the implied word "debtors." AT: "but we are not debtors to the flesh, and we do not have to obey our sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For if you live according to the flesh + +"Because if you live only to please your sinful desires" + +# you are about to die + +"you will certainly be separated from God" + +# but if by the Spirit you put to death the body's actions + +Paul speaks of the "old man," crucified with Christ, as the person who is responsible for his sinful desires. AT: "but if by the power of the Holy Spirit you stop obeying your sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/14.md b/rom/08/14.md index 790b8921fc..e9db2a682c 100644 --- a/rom/08/14.md +++ b/rom/08/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For as many as are led by the Spirit of God -* [[en:tw:adoption]] -* [[en:tw:enslave]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:sonsofgod]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For all the people whom the Spirit of God leads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# sons of God -* **For as many as are led by the Spirit of God** - AT: "For all the people whom the Spirit of God leads" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **sons of God** - Here this means all believers in Jesus and is often translated as “children of God.” -* **For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear** - AT: "For God did not give you a spirit that enslaves you again to the power of sin and the fear of God's judgment" -* **by which we cry** - AT: "which causes us to cry out" -* **Abba, Father** - "Abba" is "Father" in the Aramaic language. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +Here this means all believers in Jesus and is often translated as "children of God." + +# by which we cry + +"who causes us to cry out" + +# Abba, Father + +"Abba" is "Father" in the Aramaic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/16.md b/rom/08/16.md index e81ab33be9..1c2a813e18 100644 --- a/rom/08/16.md +++ b/rom/08/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# heirs of God -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Paul speaks of the Christian believers as if they will inherit property and wealth from a family member. AT: "we also will one day receive what God has promised us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# we are joint heirs with Christ -* **If children, then also heirs** - The verbs are left out of these phrases but they are understood. AT: "If we are children of God, then we are also heirs" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **heirs of God on the one hand, and joint heirs on the other hand with Christ** - The phrases "on the one hand" and "on the other hand" introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "heirs of God and also fellow heirs with Christ" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **that we may also be glorified with him** - AT: "that God may glorify us along with him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Paul speaks of the Christian believers as if they will inherit property and wealth from a family member. God will give to us what he gives to Christ. AT: "we will also receive what God has promised us and Christ together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that we may also be glorified with him + +God will honor Christian believers when he honors Christ. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "that God may glorify us along with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/18.md b/rom/08/18.md index 72086ca6cb..7a912468d0 100644 --- a/rom/08/18.md +++ b/rom/08/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:sonsofgod]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Paul reminds us as believers that our bodies will be changed at the redemption of our bodies in this section which ends in [Romans 8:25](./23.md). -## translationNotes +# For -* **For** - This emphasizes "I consider." It does not mean "because." -* **I consider that...are not worthy to be compared with** - AT: "I do not think that...are worth comparing with" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **will be revealed** - AT: "God will reveal" or "God will make known" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **the eager expectation of the creation waits for** - Everything that God created is described as a person eagerly waiting for something. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **for the revealing of the sons of God** - AT: "for the time at which God will reveal his children" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **sons of God** - Here this means all believers in Jesus and is often translated as “children of God.” +This emphasizes "I consider." It does not mean "because." + +# I consider that ... are not worthy to be compared with + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "I cannot compare the sufferings of this present time with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be revealed + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will reveal" or "God will make known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the eager expectation of the creation waits for + +Paul describes everything that God created as a person who eagerly waits for something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# for the revealing of the sons of God + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "for the time when God will reveal his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sons of God + +Here this means all believers in Jesus. You can also translate this as "children of God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/20.md b/rom/08/20.md index 0ad46918ad..bf35abb17c 100644 --- a/rom/08/20.md +++ b/rom/08/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For the creation was subjected to futility -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:free]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:laborpains]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For God caused what he had created to be unable to achieve what he intended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# not of its own will, but of him who subjected it -* **For the creation was subjected to futility** - AT: "For God caused what he had created to be unable to achieve the purpose for which he had made it" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **not of its own will, but of him who subjected it** - Here "creation" is described as a person who can desire. AT: "not because this is what the created things wanted, but because it is what God wanted" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **in the confidence that the creation itself will be delivered** - This can begin a new sentence and with an active verb. AT: "Because God knew that he would save creation" (see UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **from slavery to decay** - Paul compares all things in creation to slaves and "decay" to their owner. AT: "from rotting and dying" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **into the liberty of the glory of the children of God** - AT: "and he will free them when he gives honor to his children" -* **For we know that the whole creation groans and labors in pain together even now** - The creation is compared to a woman groaning while giving birth to a baby. AT: "For we know that everything that God created wants to be free and groans for it like a woman giving birth" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here Paul describes "creation" as a person who can desire. AT: "not because this is what the created things wanted, but because it is what God wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# It is in the confident assurance that the creation itself will be delivered + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Because God knew that he would save creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from slavery to decay + +Paul speaks of the uselessness of all things affected by sin as if they were a dead body rotting away. He then speaks about all things experiencing this as if they were slaves to a master. AT: "from rotting and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into the freedom of the glory of the children of God + +"and he will free them when he gives honor to his children" + +# For we know that the whole creation groans and labors in pain together even now + +The creation is compared to a woman groaning while giving birth to a baby. AT: "For we know that everything that God created wants to be free and groans for it like a woman giving birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/23.md b/rom/08/23.md index 3463ff07f8..6aaf5c3bfc 100644 --- a/rom/08/23.md +++ b/rom/08/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# who have the firstfruits of the Spirit -* [[en:tw:adoption]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +Paul compares believers' receiving the Holy Spirit to the firstfruits and vegetables of the season to grow. This emphasizes that the Holy Spirit is only the beginning of what God will give to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# waiting for our adoption, the redemption of our body -* ** who have the first fruits of the Spirit** - Paul compares believers receiving the Holy Spirit to the first fruits and vegetables of the season to grow. This emphasizes that the Holy Spirit is only the beginning of what God will give to believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **waiting for our adoption, the redemption of our body** - AT: "waiting for when we are fully members of God's family and he saves our bodies from decay and death" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **For by this confidence we were saved** - AT: "For God saved us because we were confident in him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **But what we are confident will happen has not yet been seen, for who is confident of what he already sees?** - Paul uses a question to help his audience understand what "confidence" is. AT: "But if we are confidently waiting that means we do not yet have what we want. No one can confidently wait if he already has what he wants." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]). +Here "our adoption" means when we become full members of God's family, as adopted children. The word "redemption" means when God saves us. AT: "waiting for when we are fully members of God's family and he saves our bodies from decay and death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For by this confidence we were saved + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For God saved us because we were confident in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But what we are confident will happen has not yet been seen, for who confidently waits for what he already sees? + +Paul uses a question to help his audience understand what "confidence" is. AT: "But if we are confidently waiting, that means we do not yet have what we want. No one can confidently wait if he already has what he wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/26.md b/rom/08/26.md index db321a3b3c..02832559a3 100644 --- a/rom/08/26.md +++ b/rom/08/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:intercede]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Though Paul has been emphasizing that there is a struggle in believers between the flesh and the Spirit, he affirms that the Spirit is aiding us. -## translationNotes +# inexpressible groans -* **inexpressible groanings** - AT: "groanings that cannot be expressed in words" +"groanings that we cannot express in words" + +# He who searches the hearts + +This refers to God. Here "searches the hearts" means "examines our thoughts and feelings." AT: "God, who knows all our thoughts and feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/28.md b/rom/08/28.md index ec9716f21a..b6efde7ce7 100644 --- a/rom/08/28.md +++ b/rom/08/28.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:destiny]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:imageofgod]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul reminds the believers that nothing can separate them from God's love. -## translationNotes +# for those who are called -* **for those who are called** - AT: "for those whom God chose" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **those whom he foreknew** - AT: "those whom he knew before he even created them" -* **he also predestined** - AT: "he also made it their destiny" or "he also planned in advance" -* **to be conformed to the image of his Son** - AT: "that he would change them to be like his Son" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that he might be the firstborn** - AT: "so that his Son would be the firstborn" -* **among many brothers** - AT: "among many brothers and sisters who belong to the family of God" ([[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Those whom he predestined** - AT: "Those whom God made plans for in advance" -* **these he also glorified** - The word "glorified" is in the past tense to emphasize that this will certainly happen. AT: "these he will also glorify" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "for those whom God chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those whom he foreknew + +"those whom he knew before he even created them" + +# he also predestined + +"he also made it their destiny" or "he also planned in advance" + +# to be conformed to the image of his Son + +God planned from before the beginning of creation to grow those who believe in Jesus, the Son of God, into persons who are like Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "that he would change them to be like his Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# that he might be the firstborn + +"so that his Son would be the firstborn" + +# among many brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to all believers, both male and female. AT: "among many brothers and sisters who belong to the family of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Those whom he predestined + +"Those whom God made plans for in advance" + +# these he also justified + +Here "justified" is in the past tense to emphasize that this will certainly happen. AT: "these he also put right with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# these he also glorified + +The word "glorified" is in the past tense to emphasize that this will certainly happen. AT: "these he will also glorify" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/31.md b/rom/08/31.md index 52e5403f99..14dc02c7c8 100644 --- a/rom/08/31.md +++ b/rom/08/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What then shall we say about these things? If God is for us, who is against us? -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:sonofgod]] +Paul uses questions to emphasize the main point of what he said previously. AT: "This is what we should know from all of this: since God is helping us, no one can defeat us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# He who did not spare his own Son -* **What then shall we say about these things? If God is for us, who is against us?** - Paul uses questions to emphasize the main point of what he said previously. AT: "This is what we should know from all of this: since God is helping us, no one can defeat us" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **but delivered him up** - AT: "but handed him over to his enemies" -* **how will he not also with him freely give us all things?** - Paul is using a question for emphasis. AT: "he will certainly and freely give us all things" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) +God the Father sent the Son of God, Jesus Christ, to the cross as the holy, infinite sacrifice necessary to satisfy God's infinite, holy nature against the sin of humanity. Here "Son" is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# but delivered him up + +"but handed him over to his enemies" + +# how will he not also with him freely give us all things? + +Paul is using a question for emphasis. AT: "he will certainly and freely give us all things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/33.md b/rom/08/33.md index 150df4e5cf..2a66d983c5 100644 --- a/rom/08/33.md +++ b/rom/08/33.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Who will bring any accusation against God's chosen ones? God is the one who justifies -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:intercede]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] +Paul uses a question for emphasis. AT: "No one can accuse us before God because he is the one who makes us right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Who is the one who condemns? -* **Who will bring any accusation against God’s chosen ones? God is the one who justifies** - Paul uses a question for emphasis. AT: "No one can accuse us before God because he is the one who makes us right with him" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Who is the one who condemns? Is it Christ Jesus…and who also intercedes in our behalf?** - Paul uses a question for emphasis. AT: "No one can condemn us because it is Jesus Christ…and who also intercedes on our behalf" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **who even more importantly was raised from the dead** - AT: "whom even more importantly God raised from the dead" or "who even more importantly came back to life" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]). +Paul uses a question for emphasis. He does not expect an answer. AT: "No one will condemn us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# more than that, who was raised + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom even more importantly God raised from the dead" or "who even more importantly came back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/35.md b/rom/08/35.md index 0611b47b21..59a20494ba 100644 --- a/rom/08/35.md +++ b/rom/08/35.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Who will separate us from the love of Christ? -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:tribulation]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul uses this question to teach that nothing can separate us from the love of Christ. AT: "No one will ever separate us from the love of Christ!" or "Nothing will ever separate us from the love of Christ!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? -* **Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword?** - AT: "It is not possible even if someone causes us trouble, hurts us, takes away our clothes and food, or even kills us." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Tribulation, or distress** - These words both mean the same thing. (See [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **For your benefit** - Here "your" is singular and refers to God. AT: "For you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **we are killed all day long** - Here "we" refers to the one who wrote this part of Scripture and includes all those who remain loyal to God. The phrase "all day long" is an exaggeration to emphasize how much danger they are in. Paul uses this part of Scripture to show that all who belong to God should expect difficult times. AT: "our enemies continually seek to kill us" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **We were considered as sheep for the slaughter** - This compares those whom people kill because they are loyal to God to livestock. AT: "Our lives had no more value to them than the sheep they kill" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The words "shall separate us from the love of Christ" are understood from the previous question. AT: "Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword separate us from the love of Christ?"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? + +Paul uses this question to emphasize that even these things cannot separate us from the love of Christ. AT: "Even tribulation, distress, persecution, hunger, nakedness, danger, and sword cannot separate us from the love of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? + +The abstract nouns can be expressed with verb phrases. Here "sword" is a metonym that represents being killed violently. AT: "Even if people cause us trouble, hurt us, take away our clothes and food, or kill us, they cannot separate us from the love of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Tribulation, or distress + +These words both mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# For your benefit + +Here "your" is singular and refers to God. AT: "For you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# we are killed all day long + +Here "we" refers to the one who wrote this part of Scripture, but not his audience, who was God. The phrase "all day long" is an exaggeration to emphasize how much danger they are in. Paul uses this part of Scripture to show that all who belong to God should expect difficult times. This can be translated in an active form. AT: "our enemies continually seek to kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We were considered as sheep for the slaughter + +Here Paul compares to livestock those whom people kill because they are loyal to God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Our lives have no more value to them than the sheep they kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/37.md b/rom/08/37.md index 72329076e0..c6c6c007ad 100644 --- a/rom/08/37.md +++ b/rom/08/37.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# we are more than conquerors -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:creation]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +"we have complete victory" -## translationNotes +# through the one who loved us -* **we are more than conquerors** - AT: "we have complete victory" -* **through the one who loved us** - The kind of love that Jesus showed us can be made explicit. AT: "because of Jesus, who loved us so much he was willing to die for us" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I have been convinced** - AT: "I am convinced" or "I am confident" -* **governments** - Possible meanings are 1) demons (UDB) or 2) human kings and rulers. -* **nor powers** - Possible meanings are 1) spiritual beings with power or 2) human beings with power. +You can make explicit the kind of love that Jesus showed. AT: "because of Jesus, who loved us so much he was willing to die for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have been convinced + +"I am convinced" or "I am confident" + +# governments + +Possible meanings are 1) demons or 2) human kings and rulers. + +# nor powers + +Possible meanings are 1) spiritual beings with power or 2) human beings with power. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/intro.md b/rom/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9ff474a69c --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# Romans 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:36, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +The first verse of this chapter forms a transitional sentence. It concludes the teaching of chapter 7 and anticipates the material of chapter 8. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Indwelling of the Spirit ##### +The Holy Spirit is said to live inside a person or inside their heart. The presence of the Spirit is a sign of a person's salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +##### "These are sons of God" ##### +While Jesus is the Son of God in a unique way, Christians are also said to be children of God by adoption. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Verses 38 and 39 form an extended metaphor producing a poetic presentation of Paul's teaching. Its explains that nothing can separate a person from the love of God in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### On the one hand ... on the other hand ##### +These phrases are used to speak of two things simultaneously. These two things are usually contrasted with each other, but it is not necessary that they contrast. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### No condemnation ##### +This phrase must be translated careful to avoid doctrinal confusion. People are still guilty of their sin and God disapproves of their actions, even after they come to faith in Jesus. Their sins are still punished but the punishment for sin has been paid and this is what Paul expresses here. There are several possible meanings to the word "condemn." Here "condemn" emphasizes that people who believe in Jesus are are no longer punished eternally for their sin by being "condemned to hell." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort. His new nature will fight against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/01.md b/rom/09/01.md index 831e033173..9b919b4edb 100644 --- a/rom/09/01.md +++ b/rom/09/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +Paul tells of his personal desire that the people of the nation of Israel will be saved. Then he emphasizes the different ways in which God has prepared them to believe. -## translationNotes +# I tell the truth in Christ. I do not lie -* **my conscience bearing witness with me in the Holy Spirit,** - This phrase can be made into a separate sentence: "The Holy Spirit controls my conscience and confirms what I say" -* **that for me there is great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart.** - This can be a separate sentence. AT: "I tell you that I grieve very greatly and deeply." If the person for whom Paul grieves needs to be stated, follow UDB. -* **great sorrow and unceasing pain** - These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how great his emotions are. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he is telling the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my conscience bears witness with me in the Holy Spirit + +"the Holy Spirit controls my conscience and confirms what I say" + +# that for me there is great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart + +Here "unceasing pain in my heart" is an idiom that Paul uses to share his emotional distress. AT: "I tell you that I grieve very greatly and deeply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# great sorrow and unceasing pain + +These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how great his emotions are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/03.md b/rom/09/03.md index 4e884825b3..579fcba494 100644 --- a/rom/09/03.md +++ b/rom/09/03.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For I could wish that I myself would be cursed and set apart from Christ for the sake of my brothers, those of my own race according to the flesh -* [[en:tw:adoption]] -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "I personally would be willing to let God curse me and, keep me apart from Christ forever if that would help my fellow Israelites, my own people group, to believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **For I could wish that I myself be cursed and apart from Christ for the sake of my brothers, those of my own race according to the flesh.** - AT: "I personally would be willing to let God curse me and, keep me apart from Christ forever if that would help my fellow Israelites, my own people group, to believe in Christ" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **They are Israelites** - AT: "They, like me, are Israelites. God chose them to be Jacob's descendants" (UDB) -* **Theirs are the ancestors from whom has come Christ with respect to the flesh** - AT: "Christ has come physically as a descendant from their ancestors" -* **Christ, who is over all, God blessed forever** - This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "Christ is over all and God has blessed him forever" +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# They are Israelites + +"They, like me, are Israelites. God chose them to be Jacob's descendants" + +# They have adoption + +Here Paul uses the metaphor of "adoption" to indicate that the Israelites are like God's children. AT: "They have God as their father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Theirs are the ancestors from whom Christ has come with respect to the flesh + +Here "Christ has come with respect to the flesh" means that Christ is a physical descendant of the Israelite ancestors. AT: "Christ has come physically as a descendant from their ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/06.md b/rom/09/06.md index 62bb2d3115..a2ab361fc1 100644 --- a/rom/09/06.md +++ b/rom/09/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:isaac]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +Paul emphasizes that those who are born in the family of Israel can really only be a true part of Israel through faith. -## translationNotes +# But it is not as though the promises of God have failed -* **But it is not as though the promises of God had failed** - AT: "But God has not failed to keep his promises" -* **For it is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel.** - God did not make his promises to all the physical descendants of Israel (or Jacob), but to his spiritual descendants, that is, those who have faith in Jesus. -* **Neither are all Abraham's descendants truly his children** - AT: "Nor are they all children of God just because they are Abraham's descendants" +"But God has not failed to keep his promises" or "God has kept his promises" + +# For it is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel + +God did not make his promises to all the physical descendants of Israel (or Jacob), but to his spiritual descendants, that is, those who trust in Jesus. + +# Neither are all Abraham's descendants truly his children + +"Nor are they all children of God just because they are Abraham's descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/08.md b/rom/09/08.md index d02fc1ae42..961587ecc7 100644 --- a/rom/09/08.md +++ b/rom/09/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the children of the flesh are not -* [[en:tw:children]] -* [[en:tw:sarah]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +Here "children of the flesh" is a metonym that refers to the physical descendants of Abraham. AT: "not all of Abraham's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# children of God -* **the children of the flesh** - This refers to people who are the physical descendants of Abraham. -* **children of God** - This refers to people who are the spiritual descendants who have faith in Jesus. -* **children of the promise** - This refers to people who will inherit the promise. -* **a son will be given to Sarah** - AT: "I will give Sara a son" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is a metaphor that refers to people who are spiritual descendants, those who have faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# children of the promise + +This refers to people who will inherit the promises that God gave to Abraham. + +# a son will be given to Sarah + +You can translate this in an active form to express that God will give a son to Sarah. AT: "I will give Sarah a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/10.md b/rom/09/10.md index e1abd66d86..6c3931e554 100644 --- a/rom/09/10.md +++ b/rom/09/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Rebecca -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:rebekah]] +"Rebecca" is the new testament spelling of "Rebekah". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -## translationNotes +# our father Isaac ... It is just -* **our father Isaac...It is just** - You may need to place 9:11 after 9:12. AT: "our father Isaac, it was said to her, 'The older will serve the younger.' Now the children were not yet born...because of him who calls. It is just." -* **our father** - Isaac was the ancestor of Paul and of the Jewish believers in Rome. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **conceived** - AT: "became pregnant" -* **for the children were not yet born, neither having yet done anything good or bad** - AT: "before the children were born and had not done anything good or bad" -* **so that the purpose of God according to choice might stand** - AT: "so that what God wants to happen according to His choice might happen" -* **for the children were not yet born** - AT: "before the children were born" -* **neither having yet done anything good or bad** - AT: "not because of anything they had done" -* **because of him** - because of God -* **it was said to her, "The older will serve the younger."** - AT: "God said to Rebecca, 'The older son will serve the younger son'" -* **"Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated"** - God hated Esau only in comparison to how much he loved Jacob. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +In your culture you may need to place 9:11 after 9:12 to make them easier to understand. AT: "our father Isaac, it was said to her, 'The older will serve the younger.' Now the children were not yet born ... because of him who calls. It is just" + +# our father + +Paul refers to Isaac as "our father" because Isaac was the ancestor of Paul and of the Jewish believers in Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# conceived + +"became pregnant" + +# for the children were not yet born and had not yet done anything good or bad + +"before the children were born and before they had done anything, whether good or bad" + +# so that the purpose of God according to choice might stand + +"so that what God wants to happen according to His choice will happen" + +# for the children were not yet born + +"before the children were born" + +# had not yet done anything good or bad + +"not because of anything they had done" + +# because of him + +because of God + +# it was said to her, "The older will serve the younger." + +"God said to Rebecca, 'The older son will serve the younger son'" + +# Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated + +The word "hated" is an exaggeration. God loved Jacob much more than he loved Esau. He did not literally hate Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/14.md b/rom/09/14.md index 76a83d757e..ea6509f430 100644 --- a/rom/09/14.md +++ b/rom/09/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# What then will we say? -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:unrighteous]] +Paul is using the question to get the attention of his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# May it never be -* **What then will we say?** - Paul is using the question to correct the conclusion that God is unrighteous. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **May it never be** - AT: "That is not possible!” or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. -* **For he says to Moses** - AT: "For God says to Moses" -* **it is not because of him who wills, nor because of him who runs** - AT: "it is not because of what people want or because they try hard" -* **nor because of him who runs** - Paul compares someone running a race to someone who is trying hard to get to a goal. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. + +# For he says to Moses + +Paul speaks about God's talking with Moses as if it is being done in the present time. AT: "For God said to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is not because of him who wills, nor because of him who runs + +"it is not because of what people want or because they try hard" + +# nor because of him who runs + +Paul speaks of a person who does good things in order to gain God's favor as if that person were running a race. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/17.md b/rom/09/17.md index 338a2180f1..ef65c1e3c3 100644 --- a/rom/09/17.md +++ b/rom/09/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For the scripture says -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:power]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Here the scripture is personified as if God were talking to Pharaoh. AT: "The scripture records that God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# I ... my -* **For the scripture says** - Here the scripture is personified as God talking to Pharaoh. AT: "The scripture records that God said" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **I...my** - God is referring to himself. -* **you** - singular (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_yousingular]]) -* **and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth** - AT: "and that people might proclaim my name in all the earth" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **and whom he wishes, he makes stubborn** - God makes stubborn whom God wishes to make stubborn. +God is referring to himself. + +# you + +singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# so that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "that people might proclaim my name in all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# my name + +This metonym refers to God in all of his being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whom he wishes, he makes stubborn + +God makes stubborn whoever he wishes to make stubborn. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/19.md b/rom/09/19.md index 3e68e4e8cd..bb610ea3d4 100644 --- a/rom/09/19.md +++ b/rom/09/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# You will say then to me -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +Paul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though he were only talking to one person. You may need to use the plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# Why does he still find fault? For who has ever withstood his will? -* **You** - Paul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though his is talking to one person. You may need to use the plural here. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **he...his** - These refer to God. -* **Will what has been molded say...daily use?** - Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +These are rhetorical questions that Paul uses to add emphasis. You can translate all of these questions as strong statements. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he ... his + +The words "he" and "his" here refer to God. + +# Will what has been molded say ... daily use? + +Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. Paul asks these questions to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why did you make me this way? + +The word "you" here refers to God. Paul uses this question to add emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. AT: "God, you should not have made me this way!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/22.md b/rom/09/22.md index 9fcf7841dc..145fcd4994 100644 --- a/rom/09/22.md +++ b/rom/09/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# he ... his -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:endure]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +The words "he" and "his" here refer to God. -## translationNotes +# containers of wrath ... containers of mercy -* **he…his** - "God...God's" -* **containers of wrath...containers of mercy** - AT: "people who deserve wrath...people who deserve mercy" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **riches of his glory** - AT: "his glory, which is of great value" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **which he previously prepared for glory** - AT: "whom he prepared ahead of time to give glory" -* **also us** - Paul and fellow believers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **called** - Here this means God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus +Paul speaks of people as if they were containers. AT: "people who deserve wrath ... people who deserve mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the riches of his glory + +Paul compares God's wonderful actions here to great "riches." AT: "his glory, which is of great value," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# which he had previously prepared for glory + +Here "glory" refers to life in heaven with God. AT: "whom he prepared ahead of time in order that they might live with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# also for us + +The word "us" here refers to Paul and fellow believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# called + +Here "called" means God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/25.md b/rom/09/25.md index 90ab0b97ed..879184d141 100644 --- a/rom/09/25.md +++ b/rom/09/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:sonsofgod]] +In this section Paul explains how Israel's unbelief as a nation was told ahead of time by the prophet Hosea. -## translationNotes +# As he says also in Hosea -* **As he says also in Hosea** - AT: "As God says also in the book Hosea wrote" -* **Hosea** - Hosea was a prophet. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **"I will call my people who were not my people** - AT: "I will choose people who were not my people to be my people" -* **and her beloved who was not beloved** - AT: "and I will choose her whom I did not love to be one whom I love" -* **sons of the living God** - The word "living" may refer to the fact that God is the only "true" God, and not like the false idols. AT: "children of the true God" (UDB). +Here "he" refers to God. AT: "As God says also in the book that Hosea wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Hosea + +Hosea was a prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I will call my people who were not my people + +"I will choose for my people those who were not my people" + +# her beloved who was not beloved + +Here "her" refers to Hosea's wife, Gomer, who represents the nation of Israel. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "I will choose her whom I did not love to be one whom I love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sons of the living God + +The word "living" may refer to the fact that God is the only true God, and not like the false idols. AT: "children of the true God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/27.md b/rom/09/27.md index 9c2b9f5025..4b9cb6b837 100644 --- a/rom/09/27.md +++ b/rom/09/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# cries out -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"calls out" -## translationNotes +# as the sand of the sea -* **cries out** - AT: "calls out" -* **as the sand of the sea** - AT: "too many to count" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **will be saved** - Saved is used in a spiritual sense. If a person has been “saved,” it means that through Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished for his sin. -* **word** - This refers to everything God has said or commanded. -* **us…we** - Here these words refer to Isaiah and include the Israelites. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **we would have become like Sodom, and have been made like Gomorrah** - You can make more explicit how the Israelites would have been like Sodom and Gomorrah. AT: "we would have all been destroyed, like the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed" (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here Paul compares the number of the people of Israel to the number of grains of sand in the sea. AT: "too many to count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# will be saved + +Paul uses the word "saved" in a spiritual sense. If God saves a person, it means that through believing in Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished for his sin. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Lord will carry out his sentence on the earth + +Here "sentence" refers to how he has decided to punish people. AT: "the Lord will punish people on the earth according to how he has said" + +# us ... we + +Here the words "us" and "we" refer to Isaiah and those to whom he spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# we would be like Sodom, and we would have become like Gomorrah + +God killed all of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah because of their sin. AT: "we all would have been destroyed like the people of Sodom and Gomorrah" or "God would have destroyed all of us, like he destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gommorah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/30.md b/rom/09/30.md index 20a674b3bb..837e469cf6 100644 --- a/rom/09/30.md +++ b/rom/09/30.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# What will we say then? -* [[en:tw:Faith]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Paul uses this question to get the attention of his readers. AT: "This is what we must say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# That the Gentiles -* **What will we say then?** - AT: "This is what we must say" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **That the Gentiles** - AT: "We will say that the Gentiles" -* **pursuing righteousness** - AT: "trying to please God" -* **attained righteousness, the righteousness by faith** - AT: "pleased God by believing in his Son" -* **did not arrive at it** - AT: "did not attain righteousness by keeping the law" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"We will say that the Gentiles" + +# who were not pursuing righteousness + +"who were not trying to please God" + +# the righteousness by faith + +Here "by faith" refers to placing one's trust in Christ. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "because God made them right with him when they trusted in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# did not arrive at it + +This means that the Israelites could not please God by trying to keep the law. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "were not able to please God by keeping the law because they could not keep it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/32.md b/rom/09/32.md index cc3e9e234e..d908eb10f1 100644 --- a/rom/09/32.md +++ b/rom/09/32.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Why not? -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This is an ellipsis. You can include the implied words in your translation. Paul asks this question to get the attention of his readers. AT: "Why could they not attain righteousness?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# by works -* **Why not?** - AT: "Why could they not attain righteousness?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **by works** - AT: "by trying to do things that would please God" (see UDB) or "by keeping the Law" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **stone of stumbling** - AT: "stone over which people stumble" -* **as it has been written** - AT: "as Isaiah the prophet wrote" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Zion** - A place name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **believes in it** - Because the stone stands for a person (see UDB), you may need to translate "believes in him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to things that people do to try to please God. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "by trying to do things that would please God" or "by keeping the Law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as it has been written + +You can indicate that Isaiah wrote this. You can also translate it in an active form. AT: "as Isaiah the prophet wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in Zion + +Here Zion is a metonym that represents Israel. AT: "in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stone of stumbling and a rock of offense + +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are metaphors that refer to Jesus and his death on the cross. It was as if the people stumbled over a stone because they were disgusted when they considered Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# believes in it + +Because the stone stands for a person, you may need to translate "believes in him." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/intro.md b/rom/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89900028b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Romans 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter marks a noticeable shift in Paul's argument. His focus in chapters 9-11 is on the nation of Israel. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 9:25-26, 29, 33, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### +Flesh is used in this chapter to exclusively refer to people who are physically related to Paul. This would make them Israelites. There is a differences here between Paul's use of "brother" as both a physical relationship (with fellow Israelites) and a spiritual relationship (with fellow Christians). The term "children of God" is also related to this teaching. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +##### Predestination ##### +Many scholars believe this chapter gives an extensive teaching on a subject known as "predestination." This is related to the biblical concept of "to predestine," but some take this to indicate that God has chosen some to be eternally saved from before the foundation of the world. Since this is a source of theological diversity, extra care should be taken in translation, especially with regards to elements of causation in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +##### Important figures of speech in this chapter ##### + +##### Stone of Stumbling ##### +Paul explains that while the Gentiles accepted Jesus as their savior by faith, the Jews desired to earn their salvation and rejected Jesus. Jesus is described as a stone one stumbles over when walking. This "stone of stumbling" causes them to "fall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "It is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel" ##### +Some scholars believe this refers to the physical descendants of Abraham who do not follow the spiritual path of Abraham. Others believe it means that the "true" Israel is now known as the church. This would indicate that the Israelites in some sense should no longer be known as Israelites (at least spiritually). It is necessary to say that at least one of the usages of Israel in this phrase is a spiritual Israel. Context favors the former understanding because ethnic Israel still has a future in this chapter. This is reflected in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/01.md b/rom/10/01.md index 56bd7e738d..3eed2dc476 100644 --- a/rom/10/01.md +++ b/rom/10/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:testimony]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] +Paul continues stating his desire for Israel to believe but emphasizes that both those who are Jews as well as everyone else can only be saved by faith in Jesus. -## translationNotes +# Brothers -* **Brothers** - Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -* **my heart’s desire** - AT: "my greatest desire" -* **is for them, for their salvation** - AT: "is that God will save the Jews" +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# my heart's desire + +"my greatest desire" + +# is for them, for their salvation + +"is that God will save the Jews" + +# I testify about them + +"I declare truthfully about them" + +# For they do not know of God's righteousness + +Here "righteousness refers to the way God puts people right with himself. You can make this explicit in the translation. AT: "For they do not know how God puts people right with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They did not submit to the righteousness of God + +"They did not accept God's way of putting people right with himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/04.md b/rom/10/04.md index c46318f3d0..9be66a8963 100644 --- a/rom/10/04.md +++ b/rom/10/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For Christ is the fulfillment of the law -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"For Christ completely fulfilled the law" -## translationNotes +# for righteousness for everyone who believes -* **For Christ is the fulfillment of the Law** - AT: "For Christ completely fulfilled the Law" -* **for righteousness for everyone who believes ** - AT: "in order that he may make everyone who believes in him right before God" -* **believes** - Here this means to believe something is to accept or trust that it is true. -* **the righteousness that comes from the Law** - AT: "how the Law makes a person right before God" -* **The man who does the righteousness of the Law will live by this righteousness** - AT: "The person who perfectly obeys the Law will live because the Law will make him right before God" -* **will live** - This can refer to 1) eternal life (see UDB) or 2) mortal life in fellowship with God. +Here "believes" means "trusts." AT: "in order that he may make everyone who trusts in him right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the righteousness that comes from the law + +Paul speaks of "righteousness" as if it were alive and able to move. AT: "how the law makes a person right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The man who does the righteousness of the law will live by this righteousness + +In order to be made right with God through the law, a person would have to keep the law perfectly, which is not possible. AT: "The person who perfectly obeys the law will live because the law will make him right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will live + +The words "will live" can refer to 1) eternal life or 2) mortal life in fellowship with God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/06.md b/rom/10/06.md index f00817e07e..1f5c2b253d 100644 --- a/rom/10/06.md +++ b/rom/10/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# But the righteousness that comes from faith says this -* [[en:tw:abyss]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +Here "righteousness" is described as a person who can speak. AT: "But Moses writes this about how faith makes a person right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not say in your heart -* **But the righteousness that comes from faith says this** - Here "righteousness" is described as a person that can speak. AT: "But Moses writes this about how faith makes a person right before God" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Do not say in your heart** - Moses was addressing the people as though they were one person. AT: "Do not say to yourself" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Who will ascend into heaven?** - Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, "Do not say" requires a negative answer to this question. AT: "No one should try to go up to heaven" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **that is, to bring Christ down** - AT: "in order that they might have Christ come down to earth" -* **Who will descend into the abyss** - Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, "Do not say" requires a negative answer to this question. AT: "No one should try to go down and enter the place where the spirits of dead persons are" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **that is, to bring Christ up from the dead** - AT: "in order that they might bring Christ up from the dead" -* **dead** - Here it means when the physical body of a person stops living. +Moses was addressing the people as if he were speaking to only one person. AT: "Do not say to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Who will ascend into heaven? + +Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, "Do not say" requires a negative answer to this question. You can translate this question as a statement. AT: "No one is able to go up to heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that is, to bring Christ down + +"in order that they might have Christ come down to earth" + +# Who will descend into the abyss + +Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, "Do not say" requires a negative answer to this question. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "No person can go down and enter the place where the spirits of dead persons are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that is, to bring Christ up from the dead ones + +"in order that they might bring Christ back from the dead" + +# dead + +Here "dead" means physical death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/08.md b/rom/10/08.md index 86bee137e7..cc507befe0 100644 --- a/rom/10/08.md +++ b/rom/10/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# But what does it say? -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +The word "it" refers to "the righteousness" of [Romans 10:6](./06.md). Here Paul describes "righteousness" as a person who can speak. Paul uses a question to emphasize the answer he is about to give. AT: "But this is what Moses says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# The word is near you -* **But what does it say?** - The word "it" refers to "righteousness" in 10:6. Here Paul describes "righteousness" as a person that can speak. Paul uses a question to emphasize the answer he is about to give. AT: "But this is what Moses says" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **The word is near you** - AT: "The message is right here" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **in your mouth** - The word "mouth" refers to what a person speaks. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "it is in what you say" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and in your heart** - The word "heart" refers to a person's mind or what he thinks. AT: "and it is in what you think" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **if you acknowledge with your mouth Jesus as Lord** - AT: "if you confess that Jesus is Lord" -* **believe in your heart** - AT: "accept as true" -* **raised from the dead** - Here this means to cause a dead person to become alive again. -* **you will be saved** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God will save you" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For with the heart man believes for righteousness, and with the mouth he acknowledges for salvation** - AT: "For it is with the mind that a person trusts and is right before God, and it is with the mouth that a person confesses and God saves him" +Paul speaks of God's "message" as if it were a person who can move. AT: "The message is right here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in your mouth + +The word "mouth" is a synecdoche that refers to what a person says. AT: "it is in what you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in your heart + +The phrase "in your heart" is an idiom that refers to what a person thinks and believes. AT: "it is in what you think and believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# if with your mouth you acknowledge Jesus as Lord + +"if you confess that Jesus is Lord" + +# believe in your heart + +"accept as true" + +# raised him from the dead + +Here this means that God caused Jesus to become alive again. + +# you will be saved + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For with the heart man believes for righteousness, and with the mouth he acknowledges for salvation + +Here "heart" is a metonym that represents the mind or will. AT: "For it is with the mind that a person trusts and is right before God, and it is with the mouth that a person confesses and God saves him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with the mouth + +Here "mouth" is a synecdoche that represents a person's capacity to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/11.md b/rom/10/11.md index 52d508f99d..84da4c516e 100644 --- a/rom/10/11.md +++ b/rom/10/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# For scripture says -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:greek]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul speaks of the Scripture as if it were alive and had a voice. You can make explicit who wrote the Scripture that Paul uses here. AT: "For Isaiah wrote in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Everyone who believes on him will not be put to shame -* **Everyone who believes on him will not be put to shame** - This can be translated with an active. AT: "God will honor everyone who believes in him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **there is no difference between Jew and Greek** - AT: "In this way, God treats the Jews and the non-Jews the same" (UDB) -* **and is rich to all who call upon him** - AT: "and he richly blesses all who trust in him" -* **For everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord will be saved** - The word "name" refers to the entire person. This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "The Lord will save everyone who trusts in him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This is equivalent to: "Everyone who does not believe will be shamed." The negative is used here for emphasis. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will honor everyone who believes in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For there is no difference between Jew and Greek + +Paul implies that God will treat all people the same. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "In this way, God treats the Jews and the non-Jews the same" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he is rich to all who call upon him + +Here "he is rich" means that God blesses richly. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "he richly blesses all who trust in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved + +Here the word "name" is a metonym for Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "The Lord will save everyone who trusts in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/14.md b/rom/10/14.md index f736146ac1..1fc55889e9 100644 --- a/rom/10/14.md +++ b/rom/10/14.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# How then can they call on him in whom they have not believed? -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul uses a question to emphasize the importance of taking the good news of Christ to those who have not heard. The word "they" refers to those who do not yet belong to God. AT: "Those who do not believe in God cannot call on him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# How can they believe in him of whom they have not heard? -* **How then can they call on him in whom they have not believed?** - Paul uses a question to emphasize the importance of taking the good news of Christ to those who have not heard. The word "they" refers to those who do not yet belong to God. AT: "Those who do not believe in God cannot call on him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **And how can they believe in him of whom they have not heard?** - Paul uses another question for the same reason. AT: "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard his message." or "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard the message about him." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **beleive in** - Here this means to acknowledge that what that person has said is true. -* **And how can they hear without a preacher?** - Paul uses another question for the same reason. AT: "And they cannot hear the message if someone does not tell them." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **And how can they preach, unless they are sent?** - Paul uses another question for the same reason. The word "they" refers to those who belong to God. AT: "And they cannot tell other people the message unless someone sends them." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim glad tidings of good things** - Paul uses "feet" to represent those who travel and bring the message to those who have not heard it. AT: "It is wonderful when messengers come and tell us the good news" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Paul uses another question for the same reason. AT: "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard his message!" or "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard the message about him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# believe in + +Here this means to acknowledge that what that person has said is true. + +# How can they hear without a preacher? + +Paul uses another question for the same reason. AT: "And they cannot hear the message if someone does not tell them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Then how can they preach, unless they are sent? + +Paul uses another question for the same reason. The word "they" refers to those who belong to God. AT: "Then they cannot tell other people the message unless someone sends them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim glad tidings of good things + +Paul uses "feet" to represent those who travel and bring the message to those who have not heard it. AT: "It is wonderful when messengers come and tell us the good news!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/16.md b/rom/10/16.md index 50fb65bf85..9a18fdd739 100644 --- a/rom/10/16.md +++ b/rom/10/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# But they did not all listen -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Here "they" refers to the Jews. "But not all Jews listened" -## translationNotes +# Lord, who has believed our message? -* **But they did not all listen** - AT: "But not all Jews listened" -* **Lord, who has believed our message?** - Paul is using this question to emphasize that Isaiah prophesied in the Scriptures that many Jews would not believe in Jesus. Here, "our" refers to God and Isaiah. AT: "Lord, so many of them do not believe our message" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **believe** - Here this means to accept or trust that it is true. +Paul is using this question to emphasize that Isaiah prophesied in the Scriptures that many Jews would not believe in Jesus. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "Lord, so many of them do not believe our message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) * **believe** - to accept or trust that something is true + +# our message + +Here, "our" refers to God and Isaiah. + +# faith comes from hearing + +Here "faith" refers to "believing in Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/18.md b/rom/10/18.md index 213178c592..a0fab2f39b 100644 --- a/rom/10/18.md +++ b/rom/10/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# But I say, "Did they not hear?" Yes, most certainly -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Paul uses a question for emphasis. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "But, I say the Jews certainly have heard the message about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# Their sound has gone out into all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world -* **But I say, "Did they not hear?" Yes, most certainly** - Paul uses a question for emphasis. AT: "But, I say the Jews certainly have heard the message about Christ." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **Their sound has gone out into all the earth, And their words to the ends of the world** - Both of these statements mean basically the same thing and are used for emphasis. The word "their" refers to the sun, moon, and stars. Here they are described as human messengers that tell people about God. This refers to how their existence testifies to God's power and glory. It can be made explicit that Paul is quoting Scripture here. AT: "As it is written in the Scriptures, 'The sun, moon, and the stars are proof of God's power and glory, and everyone in the world sees them and knows the truth about God'" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Both of these statements mean basically the same thing and Paul uses them for emphasis. The word "their" refers to the sun, moon, and stars. Here they are described as human messengers that tell people about God. This refers to how their existence shows God's power and glory. You can make explicit that Paul is quoting Scripture here. AT: "As the Scriptures record, 'The sun, moon, and the stars are proof of God's power and glory, and everyone in the world sees them and knows the truth about God'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/19.md b/rom/10/19.md index ca846376e3..79dd51a4c6 100644 --- a/rom/10/19.md +++ b/rom/10/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Moreover, I say, "Did Israel not know?" -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:moses]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +Paul uses a question for emphasis. The word "Israel" is a metonym for the people who lived in the nation of Israel. AT: "Again I tell you the people of Israel did know the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# First Moses says, "I will provoke you ... I will stir you up -* **Moreover, I say, "Did Israel not know?"** - Paul uses a question for emphasis. The word "Israel" refers to the people who lived in the nation of Israel. AT: "Again I tell you the people of Israel did know the message." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **First Moses says, "I will provoke you...I will stir you up...** - This means that Moses wrote down what God said. "I" refers to God, and "you" refers to the Israelites. AT: "First Moses says that God will provoke you...God will stir you up...." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_quotations]]) -* **by what is not a nation** - AT: "by those you do not consider to be a real nation" (see UDB) or "by people who do not belong to any nation" -* **By means of a nation without understanding** - AT: "by a nation with people that do not know me or my commands" -* **I will stir you up to anger** - AT: "I will make you angry" -* **you** - This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) +This means that Moses wrote down what God said. "I" refers to God, and "you" refers to the Israelites. AT: "First Moses says that God will provoke you ... God will stir you up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# by what is not a nation + +"by those you do not consider to be a real nation" or "by people who do not belong to any nation" + +# By means of a nation without understanding + +Here "without understanding" means that the people do not know God. AT: "By a nation with people who do not know me or my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will stir you up to anger + +"I will make you angry" or "I will cause you to become angry" + +# you + +This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/20.md b/rom/10/20.md index 99b22ae5a7..cf45e6eff8 100644 --- a/rom/10/20.md +++ b/rom/10/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bold]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:isaiah]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +Here the words "I," "me," and "my" refer to God. -## translationNotes +# Then Isaiah was very bold when he says -* **And Isaiah is very bold and says** - This means Isaiah wrote what God had said. -* **I was found by those who did not seek me** - The words "I" and "me" refer to God. This can be translated with an active verb. Also, prophets often speak of things in the future as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that the prophecy will certainly come true. AT: "Even though the Gentile people will not look for me, they will find me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **I appeared** - AT: "I made myself known" -* **he says** - "He" is God, speaking through Isaiah. -* **All the day long** - This phrase is used to emphasize God's continual effort. AT: "continually" -* **I reached out my hands to a disobedient and resistant people** - AT: "I tried to welcome you and to help you, but you refused my help and continued to disobey" -* **I...my** - These words refer to God. +This means the prophet Isaiah wrote what God had said. + +# I was found by those who did not seek me + +Prophets often speak of things in the future as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that the prophecy will certainly come true. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Even though the Gentile people will not look for me, they will find me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I appeared + +"I made myself known" + +# he says + +"He" refers to God, who is speaking through Isaiah. + +# All the day long + +This phrase is used to emphasize God's continual effort. "continually" + +# I reached out my hands to a disobedient and stubborn people + +"I tried to welcome you and to help you, but you refused my help and continued to disobey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/intro.md b/rom/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..adcac9a558 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Romans 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:8, 18-20, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's righteousness ##### + +Paul teaches here that while many Jews were earnest in their beliefs, they did not gain righteousness. God's righteousness cannot be earned, it must be given by Christ through faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses many rhetorical questions to convince his reader that, because salvation is not restricted to the Hebrew people, Christians must be ready to go and share the gospel with the whole world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I will provoke you to jealousy by what is not a nation" ##### + +This prophecy explains that one function of the church is to provoke the Hebrew people to jealousy so they would return to worshiping God. This will happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/01.md b/rom/11/01.md index 8ee5adc7f8..3e12fa98bb 100644 --- a/rom/11/01.md +++ b/rom/11/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:abraham]] -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:descendant]] -* [[en:tw:elijah]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Though Israel as a nation has rejected God, God wants them to understand salvation comes by grace without works. -## translationNotes +# I say then -* **I say then** - AT: "I, Paul, say then" -* **did God reject his people?** - Paul asks this question so that he can answer the questions of other Jews who are upset that the Gentiles have been included in God's people, while the hearts of the Jewish people have been hardened. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **May it never be** - "That is not possible!” or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:09:14]]. -* **tribe of Benjamin** - This refers to the tribe descended from Benjamin, one of the 12 tribes God divided the people of Israel into. -* **whom he foreknew** - AT: "whom he knew ahead of time" -* **Do you not know what the scriptures say about Elijah, how he pleaded with God against Israel? ** - AT: "Surely you know what is written in the scriptures. You remember that Elijah pleaded with God against Israel." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **what the scriptures say** - Paul is referring to what is written in the scriptures. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **they have killed** - "They" are the people of Israel. -* **I alone am left** - The pronoun "I" refers to Elijah. +"I, Paul, say then" + +# did God reject his people? + +Paul asks this question so that he can answer the questions of other Jews who are upset that God has included the Gentiles among his people, while the hearts of the Jewish people have been hardened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# May it never be + +"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). + +# tribe of Benjamin + +This refers to the tribe descended from Benjamin, one of the 12 tribes into which God divided the people of Israel. + +# whom he foreknew + +"whom he knew ahead of time" + +# Do you not know what the scripture says about Elijah, how he pleaded with God against Israel? + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Surely you know what the Scriptures record about when Elijah pleaded with God against Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what the scripture says + +Paul is referring to the Scriptures as if they were able to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they have killed + +"They" refers to the people of Israel. + +# I alone am left + +The pronoun "I" here refers to Elijah. + +# seeking my life + +"desiring to kill me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/04.md b/rom/11/04.md index 67d1fdfabd..e17bc7e56d 100644 --- a/rom/11/04.md +++ b/rom/11/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# But what does God's answer say to him? -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] +Paul is using this question to bring the reader to his next point. AT: "How does God answer him?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# him -* **But what does God's answer say to him?** - Paul is using this question to bring the reader to his next point. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **what does God's answer say** - AT: "How does God answer" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **him** - The pronoun "him" refers to Elijah. -* **seven thousand men** - "7,000 men" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **remnant** - Here this means a small part of people who were chosen by God to receive his grace. +The pronoun "him" refers to Elijah. + +# seven thousand men + +"7,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# remnant + +Here this means a small part of people whom God chose to receive his grace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/06.md b/rom/11/06.md index 66cb491609..4a6da7fd84 100644 --- a/rom/11/06.md +++ b/rom/11/06.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# But if it is by grace -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:works]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul continues to explain how God's mercy works. AT: "But since God's mercy works by grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# What then? -* **But if it is by grace** - Paul is continuing to explain how God's mercy works. AT: "But since God's mercy works by grace" -* **What then?** - "What should we conclude?" AT: "This is what we need to remember." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **God gave them a spirit of dullness, eyes so that they should not see, and ears so that they should not hear** - This is a metaphor about the fact that they are spiritually dull. They are not able to see or hear spiritual truth. -* **spirit of** - Here this means “having the characteristics of,” such as the “spirit of wisdom.” -* **eyes so that they should not see** - The concept of seeing with one's eyes was considered to be equivalent to gaining understanding. -* **ears so that they should not hear** - The concept of hearing with the ears was considered to be equivalent to obedience. +"What should we conclude?" Paul asks this question to move his reader to his next point. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "This is what we need to remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# God has given them a spirit of dullness, eyes so that they should not see, and ears so that they should not hear + +This is a metaphor about the fact that the people are spiritually dull. They are not able to hear or receive spiritual truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spirit of + +Here this means "having the characteristics of," such as the "spirit of wisdom." + +# eyes so that they should not see + +The concept of seeing with one's eyes was considered to be equivalent to gaining understanding. + +# ears so that they should not hear + +The concept of hearing with the ears was considered to be equivalent to obedience. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/09.md b/rom/11/09.md index 0a795d427a..309bbdfdb4 100644 --- a/rom/11/09.md +++ b/rom/11/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Let their table become a net and a trap -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:stumblingblock]] +"Table" is a metonym that represents feasting, and "net" and "trap" are metaphors that represent punishment. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Please, God, make their feasts like a trap that catches them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a stumbling block -* **Let their table be made a net, a trap** - "Table" represents feasting, and "net" and "trap" represent punishment. AT: "Please, God, catch and trap them at their feasts" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]], [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a stumbling block** - AT: "something that makes them sin" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and retaliation to them** - AT: "something that allows you to take revenge on them" -* **always keep their backs bent** - David asks God to turn his enemies into slaves who always carry heavy loads on their backs. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +A "stumbling block" is anything that causes a person to trip so that he falls down. Here it represents something that tempts a person to sin. AT: "something that tempts them to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a retribution for them + +"something that allows you to take revenge on them" + +# bend their backs continually + +Here "bend their back" is a metonym for forcing slaves to carry heavy loads on their backs. This is a metaphor for making them suffer. AT: "make them suffer like people carrying heavy loads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/11.md b/rom/11/11.md index befa4d8f10..28a9f3685c 100644 --- a/rom/11/11.md +++ b/rom/11/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +With Israel as a nation rejecting God, Paul warns the Gentiles to be careful they do not make the same mistake. -## translationNotes +# Did they stumble so as to fall? -* **Did they stumble so as to fall?** - AT: "Has God rejected them forever because they sinned?" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **May it never be** - "That is not possible!” or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:09:14]]. -* **provoke...to jealousy** - Translate this phrase the same way you did in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:10:19]]. -* **the world** - Here this means people in the world. +Paul uses this question to add emphasis. AT: "Has God rejected them forever because they sinned?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# May it never be + +"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). + +# provoke ... to jealousy + +See how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md). + +# if their failure is the riches of the world, and if their loss is the riches of the Gentiles + +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. If you need to, you can combine them in your translation. AT: "when the Jews failed spiritually, the result was that God abundantly blessed the non-Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the riches of the world + +Because the Jews rejected Christ, God richly blessed the Gentiles by giving them the opportunity to receive Christ. + +# the world + +Here the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world, especially the Gentiles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/13.md b/rom/11/13.md index 12ded74fad..ab3b6f663d 100644 --- a/rom/11/13.md +++ b/rom/11/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# provoke to jealousy -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:minister]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +See how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md). -## translationNotes +# those who are of my own flesh -* **provoke to jealousy** - Translate this phrase the same way you did in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:10:19]]. +This refers to "my fellow Jews." + +# Perhaps we will save some of them + +God will save those who believe. AT: "Perhaps some will believe and God will save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/15.md b/rom/11/15.md index b97b17ee99..1d14f5351e 100644 --- a/rom/11/15.md +++ b/rom/11/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# For if their rejection means the reconciliation of the world -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:reconcile]] -* [[en:tw:reject]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +"For if because God rejected them, he will reconcile the rest of the world to himself" -## translationNotes +# their rejection -* **those** - This pronoun refers to Jewish unbelievers. -* **the world** - Here this means people in the world. -* **what will their reception be but life from the dead?** - AT: "So then, how will God receive them when they believe in Christ? It will be like they have come back to life from the dead!" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **If the firstfruit is holy, so is the lump of dough.** - Paul is comparing Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, to the first grain to be harvested, and the Israelites who are descendants of those men to dough made from grain harvested later. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **If the root is holy, so are the branches** - Paul is comparing Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, to the root of a tree, and the Israelites who are descendants of those men to the tree's branches. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **holy** - People who are holy belong to God and have been set apart for the purpose of serving God and bringing him glory. +The pronoun "their" refers to Jewish unbelievers. + +# the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. AT: "the people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what will their acceptance be but life from the dead ones? + +Paul asks this question to emphasize that when God accepts the Jews, it will be a wonderful thing. You can translate it in an active form. AT: "how will it be when God accepts them? It will be like they have come back to life from the dead ones!" or "then when God accepts them, it will be like they have died and become alive again!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If the firstfruits are reserved, so is the lump of dough + +Paul is speaking of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, as if they were the first grain or "firstfruits" to be harvested. He is also speaking of the Israelites who are descendants of those men as if they were a "lump of dough" that they made from the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If the root is reserved, so are the branches + +Paul is speaking of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, as if they were the root of a tree, and the Israelites who are descendants of those men, as if they were the tree's "branches." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# reserved + +The people always dedicated to God the first crops that they harvested. Here "firstfruits" stands for the first people to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/17.md b/rom/11/17.md index d542af92b3..754072d1de 100644 --- a/rom/11/17.md +++ b/rom/11/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# if you, a wild olive branch -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] +The pronoun "you," and the phrase "a wild olive branch," refer to the Gentile people who have accepted salvation through Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# But if some of the branches were broken off -* Paul is speaking to the Gentile believers as though they are one person. -* **and you, a wild olive branch** - The pronoun "you," and the phrase "a wild olive branch," refer to the Gentile people who have accepted salvation through Jesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]], [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **were grafted in among them** - AT: "were attached to the tree among the remaining branches" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the rich root of the olive tree** - This refers to the promises of God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **do not boast over the branches** - AT: "do not say you are better than the Jewish people God has rejected" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **it is not you who supports the root, but the root that supports you** - AT: "you are blessed because of God; God is not blessed because of you" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here Paul refers to the Jews who rejected Jesus as "broken branches." You can translate this in an active form. AT: "But if someone broke off some of the branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# were grafted in among them + +Here Paul speaks of the Gentile Christians as if they were "grafted branches." You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God attached you to the tree among the remaining branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the rich root of the olive tree + +Here "the rich root" is a metaphor that refers to the promises of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not boast over the branches + +Here "the branches" is a metaphor that stands for the Jewish people. AT: "do not say you are better than the Jewish people God has rejected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is not you who supports the root, but the root that supports you + +Again Paul implies that the Gentile believers are branches. God saves them only because of the covenant promises that he made to the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/19.md b/rom/11/19.md index 6bb129e13e..d3384a8dae 100644 --- a/rom/11/19.md +++ b/rom/11/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Branches were broken off -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] +Here "branches" refers to the Jews who rejected Jesus and whom God has now rejected. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God broke branches off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# I might be grafted in -* Paul is speaking to the Gentile believers as though they are one person. -* **branches were broken off** - AT: "God broke branches off" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **branches** - This phrase is used to refer to the Jewish people who have been rejected by God. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I might be grafted in** - This phrase is used to refer to the Gentile believers who have been accepted by God. AT: "he might attach me in" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they were broken off** - AT: "he broke them off" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **their…they** - The pronouns "their" and "they" refer to the Jewish people who did not believe. -* **but you stand by your faith** - AT: "but you remain because of your faith" -* **For if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you** - AT: "For if God did not excuse the natural branches, neither will he excuse you" -* **natural branches** - This phrase refers to the Jewish people. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul uses this phrase to refer to the Gentile believers whom God has accepted. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "he might attach me in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their ... they + +The pronouns "their" and "they" refer to the Jewish people who did not believe. + +# but you stand firm because of your faith + +Paul speaks of the Gentile believers remaining faithful as if they were standing firm and no one could move them. AT: "but you remain because of your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you + +Here the "natural branches" refers to the Jewish people who rejected Jesus. AT: "Since God did not spare those unbelieving Jews, who grew up like a tree's natural branches that came from the root, then know, if you do not believe, he will not spare you either (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/22.md b/rom/11/22.md index 1553b0e180..708d518782 100644 --- a/rom/11/22.md +++ b/rom/11/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# the kind actions and the severity of God -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] +Paul is reminding the Gentile believers that although God may act very kindly toward them, he will not hesitate to judge and punish them. -## translationNotes +# severity came on the Jews who fell ... God's kindness comes on you -* Paul is speaking to the Gentile believers as though they are one person. -* **the kind actions and the severity of God** - Paul is reminding the Gentile believers that although God may act very kindly toward them, he will not hesitate to judge and punish them. -* **Otherwise you also will be cut off** - AT: "Otherwise God will cut you off" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "severity" and "kindness." AT: "God dealt harshly with the Jews who fell ... but God acts kindly toward you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the Jews who fell + +Doing what is wrong is spoken of as if it is falling down. AT: "the Jews who have done wrong" or "the Jews who have refused to trust in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if you continue in his kindness + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "kindness." AT: "if you continue doing what is right so that he continues being kind to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Otherwise you also will be cut off + +Paul again uses the metaphor of a branch, which God can "cut off" if he needs to. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Otherwise God will cut you off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/23.md b/rom/11/23.md index dd3099c7cc..0e5f378735 100644 --- a/rom/11/23.md +++ b/rom/11/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# if they do not continue in their unbelief -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:unbeliever]] +The phrase "do not continue in their unbelief" is a double negative. You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "if the Jews start believing in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# will be grafted in -* Paul is speaking to the Gentile believers as though they are one person. -* **if they do not continue in their unbelief** - AT: "If the Jews start believing in Christ" -* **they will be grafted back in** - AT: "God will graft them back" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **graft** - This is a common process where the end of a live branch of one tree is inserted into another tree so that it will continue to grow in that new tree. -* **For if you were cut out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature were grafted into a good olive tree, how much more will these Jews, who are the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree?** - AT: "For if God had cut you out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature had grafted you into a good olive tree, how much more will he graft these Jews, who are the natural branches, into their own olive tree?" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **branches** - Paul is comparing members of the people of God to branches on a tree. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they…them** - All occurrences of they or them refer to the Jews. +Paul speaks of the Jews as if they were branches that could be grafted back into a tree if they start to believe in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will graft them back in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# graft + +This is a common process where the end of a live branch of one tree is inserted into another tree so that the new branch will continue to grow in that tree. + +# For if you were cut out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature were grafted into a good olive tree, how much more will these Jews, who are the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree? + +Paul continues speaking of the Gentile believers and Jews as if they were branches of a tree. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For if God had cut you out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature had grafted you into a good olive tree, how much more will he graft these Jews, who are the natural branches, into their own olive tree?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# branches + +Paul is speaking of the Jews and Gentiles as if they were branches. The "natural branches" represent the Jews, and the "grafted branches" represent the Gentile believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they ... them + +All occurrences of "they" or "them" refer to the Jews. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/25.md b/rom/11/25.md index 0c34c3429b..c733423777 100644 --- a/rom/11/25.md +++ b/rom/11/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I do not want you to be uninformed -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here Paul uses a double negative. You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "I very much want you to be aware" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **I** - The pronoun "I" refers to Paul. -* **you…you…your** - The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to the Gentile believers. -* **in order that you will not be wise in your own thinking** - The Gentile believers may believe they are wiser than the Jewish unbelievers. AT: "so that you will not think you are wiser than you are" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **a partial hardening has occurred in Israel** - Some Jews have refused to accept salvation through Jesus. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **until the completion of the Gentiles come in** - The word "until" here implies that many Jews will believe after God has finished bringing the Gentiles into the church. +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# I + +The pronoun "I" refers to Paul. + +# you ... you ... your + +The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to the Gentile believers. + +# in order that you will not be wise in your own thinking + +Paul does not want the Gentile believers to think they are wiser than the Jewish unbelievers. AT: "so that you will not think you are wiser than you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a partial hardening has occurred in Israel + +Paul speaks of "hardening" or stubbornness as if it were a hardening of physical organs in the body. Some Jews have refused to accept salvation through Jesus. AT: "many people of Israel continue to be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until the completion of the Gentiles come in + +The word "until" here implies that some Jews will believe after God has finished bringing the Gentiles into the church. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/26.md b/rom/11/26.md index f337a2d758..d233baf7c7 100644 --- a/rom/11/26.md +++ b/rom/11/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:deliverer]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:jacob]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:ungodly]] -* [[en:tw:written]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Paul says that a deliverer will come out of Israel to the glory of God. -## translationNotes +# Thus all Israel will be saved -* **Thus all Israel will be saved** - AT: "Thus God will save all Israel" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **all Israel will be saved** - This is an exaggeration: many Jews will be saved. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Thus God will save all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# just as it is written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "just as the scriptures record" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Out of Zion + +Here "Zion" is used as a metonym for the place where God dwells. AT: "From where God is among the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Deliverer + +"the one who sets his people free" + +# He will remove ungodliness + +Paul speaks of ungodliness as if it were an object that someone could remove, perhaps like someone removes a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from Jacob + +Here "Jacob" is used as a metonym for Israel. AT: "from the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will take away their sins + +Here Paul speaks of sins as if they were objects that someone could take away. AT: "I will remove the burden of their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/28.md b/rom/11/28.md index 4dd89c3814..de86ce02ac 100644 --- a/rom/11/28.md +++ b/rom/11/28.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# On the one hand ... On the other hand -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] +This is a pair of phrases used to compare two different facts about a subject. Paul uses these phrases to explain that God has rejected the Jews, but he also still loves them. -## translationNotes +# concerning the gospel -* **On the one hand...on the other hand** - This is a pair of phrases used to compare two different facts about a subject. Paul uses these phrases to explain that God has rejected the Jews, but he also still loves them. -* **they are hated because of you** - God's love for the Gentiles was so great that his love for the Jews seemed like hatred in comparison. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **they are hated** - AT: "God hates the Jews" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **For the gifts and the call of God are unchangeable** - AT: "Because the gifts and the call of God cannot change" +You can make explicit that God treated the Jews as enemies because they rejected Jesus. AT: "because the Jews rejected the good news about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they are enemies on your behalf + +God's love for the Gentiles was so great that his love for the Jews seemed like hatred in comparison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# they are beloved because of the ancestors + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God still loves them because of what he promised to do for their ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For the gifts and the call of God are unchangeable + +Paul speaks of the spiritual and material blessings that God promised to give his people as if they were gifts. The call of God refers to the fact that God called the Jews to be his people. AT: "For God never changed his mind about what he has promised to give them, and about how he has called them to be his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/30.md b/rom/11/30.md index 9783a6829f..4bcd8a3851 100644 --- a/rom/11/30.md +++ b/rom/11/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# you were formerly disobedient -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] +"you did not obey in the past" -## translationNotes +# you have received mercy because of their disobedience -* **you were formerly disobedient** - AT: "you did not obey in the past" -* **you** - This refers to Gentile believers, and is plural. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_youdual]]) -* **God has shut up all into disobedience** - This can also mean that God has made everyone unable to stop disobeying him, like prisoners unable to escape prison. AT: "God has made everyone prisoners of their disobedience" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here mercy means God's undeserved blessings. AT: "because the Jews have rejected Jesus, you have received blessings that you did not deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you + +This refers to Gentile believers, and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# God has shut up all into disobedience + +God has treated people who disobey him like prisoners who are unable to escape from prison. AT: "God has made prisoners of those who disobey him. Now they cannot stop disobeying God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/33.md b/rom/11/33.md index 5d383ec40c..97bd551d82 100644 --- a/rom/11/33.md +++ b/rom/11/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here "wisdom" and "knowledge" mean basically the same thing. AT: "How amazing are the many benefits of both God's wisdom and knowledge!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways beyond discovering -* **Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God** - AT: "How amazing are the many benefits of both God's wisdom and knowledge" -* **How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways beyond discovering** - AT: "We are completely unable to understand the things that he has decided and find out the ways in which he acts toward us" +"We are completely unable to understand the things that he has decided and find out the ways in which he acts toward us" + +# For who has known the mind of the Lord or who has become his advisor? + +Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one is as wise as the Lord. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "No one has ever known the mind of the Lord, and no one has become his advisor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the mind of the Lord + +Here "mind" is a metonym for knowing things or thinking about things. AT: "all that the Lord knows" or "what the Lord thinks about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/35.md b/rom/11/35.md index 4a70f9b03e..520f2807da 100644 --- a/rom/11/35.md +++ b/rom/11/35.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Or who has first given anything to God, that God must repay him?" -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:god]] +Paul uses this question to emphasize his point. AT: "No one has ever given anything to God that he did not first receive from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) * **For from him ... through him ... to him** - Here, all occurrences of "him" refers to God. -## translationNotes +# To him be the glory forever -* **him** - The pronoun "him" in 11:35 refers to the person who gives to God. -* **so it will be paid back to him** - AT: "so God will pay it back to him" -* **him** - All occurrences of "him" in 11:36 refers to God. +This expresses Paul's desire for all people to honor God. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "May all people honor him forever!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/intro.md b/rom/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..91623ee78a --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Romans 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 11:9-10, 26-27, 34-35, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Engrafting ##### +Paul uses the image of "engrafting" to refer to the place of the Gentiles and Jews in the plans of God. Grafting is the process whereby one plant is permanently made to be a part of another plant. While the Gentiles are grafted into the plans of God as a wild branch and partake of some blessings, the Jews remain the major focus of God's plans in the history of the world. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Did God reject his people? May it never be" ##### + +Whether Israel (the physical descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob) has a future in the plans of God, or if they have been replaced in the plans of God by the church, is a major theological issue in chapters 9-11. This phrase is an important part of this section of Romans. It seems to indicate that Israel remains distinct from the church. Not all scholars arrive at this conclusion. Despite their current rejection of Jesus as their Messiah, Israel has not exhausted the grace and mercy of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/01.md b/rom/12/01.md index 894e76336e..dff1c7d8bb 100644 --- a/rom/12/01.md +++ b/rom/12/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] -* [[en:tw:world]] +Paul tells what the life of a believer should be and how believers should serve. -## translationNotes +# I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God -* **I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God** - AT: "Fellow believers, because of the great mercy that God has given you I very much want you" -* **to present your bodies a living sacrifice** - Here Paul uses the word "bodies" to refer to the whole person. Paul is comparing a believer in Christ who completely obeys God to the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God. AT: "offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive as if you were a dead sacrifice on a temple altar" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **holy, acceptable to God** - Possible meanings are 1) "a sacrifice that you give to God alone and that pleases him" (UDB) or 2) "acceptable to God because it is morally pure" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **which is your spiritual service** - Possible meanings are 1) "which is the the right way to think about worshiping God" or 2) "which is how you worship God in your spirit." -* **Do not be conformed to this world** - Possible meanings are 1) "Do not behave as the world behaves" (see UDB) or 2) "Do not think the way the world does." -* **Do not be conformed** - This can mean 1) "Do not let the world tell you what to do" or "Do not...what to think" (see UDB) or 2) "Do not allow yourself to act as the world does" or "Do not...to think...does." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **this world** - This refers to unbelievers, who live in the world. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **but be transformed by the renewal of your mind** - AT: "but let God change the way you think" or "but let God change the way you behave by first changing the way you think" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **perfect** - Here this means being “complete” or “whole.” +Here "brothers" refers to fellow believers, both male and female. AT: "Fellow believers, because of the great mercy that God has given you I very much want you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to present your bodies a living sacrifice + +Here Paul uses the word "bodies" to refer to the whole person. Paul is comparing a believer in Christ who completely obeys God to the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God. AT: "to offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive as if you were a dead sacrifice on a temple altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# holy, acceptable to God + +Possible meanings are 1) "a sacrifice that you give to God alone and that pleases him" or 2) "acceptable to God because it is morally pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# This is your reasonable service + +"This is the right way to worship God" + +# Do not be conformed to this world + +Possible meanings are 1) "Do not behave as the world behaves" or 2) "Do not think the way the world does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not be conformed + +Possible meanings are 1) "Do not let the world tell you what to do and think" or 2) "Do not allow yourself to act and do what the world does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this world + +This refers to unbelievers who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but be transformed by the renewal of your mind + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "but let God change the way you think and behave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/03.md b/rom/12/03.md index b9d24355fe..d6cbc4e608 100644 --- a/rom/12/03.md +++ b/rom/12/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# because of the grace that was given to me -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here "grace" refers to God's choosing Paul to be an apostle and leader of the church. You can make this explicit in your translation. You can also translate this in an active form. AT: "because God freely chose me to be an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of themselves than they ought to think -* **because of the grace that was given to me** - Here "grace" refers to God choosing Paul to be an apostle and leader of the church. AT: "because God freely chose me to be an apostle" -* **that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of oneself than he ought to think** - AT: "that no one should think they are better than other people" -* **but to think so as to think wisely** - This could be translated as a new sentence: "But you should be wise in how you think about yourselves" -* **just as God has given out to each one a measure of faith** - AT: "since God has given you the amount of faith you need to think correctly" +"that no one among you should think they are better than other people" + +# Instead, they should think in a wise way + +"But you should be wise in how you think about yourselves" + +# just as God has given out to each one a certain amount of faith + +Paul implies here that believers have different abilities that correspond to their faith in God. AT: "since God has given each of you different abilities because of your trust in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/04.md b/rom/12/04.md index 49135905f9..e34f7122c5 100644 --- a/rom/12/04.md +++ b/rom/12/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# For -* [[en:tw:body]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:member]] +Paul uses this word to show that he will now explain why some Christians should not think they are better than others. -## translationNotes +# we have many members in one body -* **For** - Paul is explaining why Christians should not think they are better than other people. -* **just as we have many members in one body** - Paul compares all the believers in Christ to the different parts of the body. This emphasizes that although believers may serve Christ in different ways, each person belongs to Christ and serves in an important way. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **members** - These are such things as eyes, stomachs, and hands. -* **individually members of each other** - AT: "each believer is a member of every other believer's body" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) AT: "and each believer is joined together with all other believers" +Paul refers to all the believers in Christ as if they were different parts of the human body. He does this to illustrate that although believers may serve Christ in different ways, each person belongs to Christ and serves in an important way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# members + +These are such things as eyes, stomachs, and hands. + +# are individually members of each other + +Paul speaks of the believers as if God had physically joined them together like the parts of the human body. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has joined each believer together with all other believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/06.md b/rom/12/06.md index c33f854c82..4d3779d077 100644 --- a/rom/12/06.md +++ b/rom/12/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:teacher]] +Paul speaks of believers' different abilities as being free gifts from God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has freely given each of us the ability to do different things for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# let it be done according to the proportion of his faith -* **We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us** - AT: "God has freely given each us the ability to do different things for him" -* **let it be done according to the proportion of his faith** - Possible meanings are 1) "let him speak prophecies that do not go beyond the amount of faith God has given us" or 2) "let him speak prophecies that agree with the teachings of our faith." -* **if one's gift is giving** - The meaning can be made explicit. AT: "if one has the gift of giving money or other goods to people in need" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "let him speak prophecies that do not go beyond the amount of faith God has given us" or 2) "let him speak prophecies that agree with the teachings of our faith." + +# If one's gift is giving + +Here "giving" refers to giving money and other things to people. You can make this meaning explicit in your translation. AT: "If one has the gift of giving money or other goods to people in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/09.md b/rom/12/09.md index 813182c871..64b85522ac 100644 --- a/rom/12/09.md +++ b/rom/12/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Let love be without hypocrisy -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:hypocrite]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "You must love people sincerely and truly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# love -* **Let love be without hypocrisy** - AT: "Let love be sincere" or "Let love be true" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **love** - Here this word means the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it doesn't benefit oneself. -* **Concerning love of the brothers, be affectionate** - Paul begins a list of nine items, each of the form "Concerning..., be...," to tell the believers what kind of people they should be. You may need to translate some of the items as "Concerning..., do...." The list goes to [[:en:bible:notes:rom:12:11]]. -* **Concerning love of the brothers** - AT: "As for how you love your fellow believers" -* **love** - is another word that means brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. -* **be affectionate** - AT: "be loyal," as family members. -* **concerning honor, respect one another** - AT: "honor and respect one another" or, using a new sentence, "As for how you honor your fellow believers, respect them" +The word Paul uses here refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. + +# Concerning love of the brothers, be affectionate + +Here Paul begins a list of nine items, each of the form "Concerning ... be" to tell the believers what kind of people they should be. You may need to translate some of the items as "Concerning ... do." The list continues to [Romans 12:13](./11.md). + +# Concerning love of the brothers + +"As for how you love your fellow believers" + +# love + +This is another word that means brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. + +# be affectionate + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "show affection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Concerning honor, respect one another + +"Honor and respect one another" or "Honor your fellow believers by respecting them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/11.md b/rom/12/11.md index b73315f20f..6d591c373c 100644 --- a/rom/12/11.md +++ b/rom/12/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant. Concerning the spirit, be eager. Concerning the Lord, serve him -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +"Do not be lazy in your duty, but be eager to follow the Spirit and to serve the Lord" -## translationNotes +# Rejoice in the confidence you have about the future -* Paul continues to tell the believers what kind of people they should be. This list began in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:12:09]]. -* **Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant; concerning the spirit, be eager; concerning the Lord, serve him.** - AT: "Do not be lazy in your duty, but be eager to follow the Spirit and to serve the Lord" -* **In your confidence, rejoice** - AT: "Be happy because your confidence is in God" -* **in your troubles, be patient** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "Be patient when difficult times come" -* **in prayer, be constant** - This can be translated as a new sentence: "And remember to constantly pray" -* **Share in the needs of the saints** - This is the last item in the list that began in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:12:09]]. "Concerning the needs of the saints, share with them" or "As for…" or "When fellow Christians are in trouble, help them with what they need." -* **give yourselves to hospitality** - AT: "always welcome them into your home when they need somewhere to stay" +Paul implies here that the believers can be confident that God will help them. AT: "Be happy because you are confident that God will always help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Be patient in your troubles + +"Wait patiently whenever you have troubles" + +# Share in the needs of the believers + +This is the last item in the list that began in [Romans 12:9](./09.md). "When fellow Christians are in trouble, help them with what they need" + +# Find many ways to show hospitality + +"Always welcome them into your home when they need a place to stay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/14.md b/rom/12/14.md index dd05e5d253..12c127746e 100644 --- a/rom/12/14.md +++ b/rom/12/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Be of the same mind toward one another -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:mind]] -* [[en:tw:persecute]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +This is an idiom that means to live in unity. AT: "Agree with one another" or "Live in unity with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Do not think in proud ways -* **Be of the same mind toward one another ** - AT: "Agree with one another" or "Live in unity with each other" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Do not think in proud ways** - AT: "Do not think that you are more important than others" -* **accept lowly people** - AT: "welcome people who do not seem important" -* **Do not be wise in your own thoughts** - AT: "Do not think of yourselves as having more wisdom than everyone else" +"Do not think that you are more important than others" + +# accept lowly people + +"welcome people who do not seem important" + +# Do not be wise in your own thoughts + +"Do not think of yourselves as having more wisdom than everyone else" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/17.md b/rom/12/17.md index b1a08d25cb..855c70aae0 100644 --- a/rom/12/17.md +++ b/rom/12/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Repay no one evil for evil -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +"Do not do evil things to someone who has done evil things to you" -## translationNotes +# Do good things in the sight of all people -* [[:en:bible:notes:rom:12:19]]. -* **Repay no one evil for evil** - AT: "Do not do evil things to someone who has done evil things to you" -* **Do good things in the sight of all people** - AT: "Do things that everyone considers to be good" -* **as much as it lies with you, be at peace with all people** - AT: "do whatever you can to live in peace with everyone" -* **as much as it lies with you** - AT: "as for what you can control and are responsible for" +"Do things that everyone considers to be good" + +# as far as it depends on you, live at peace with all people + +"do whatever you can to live in peace with everyone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/19.md b/rom/12/19.md index 82f4e2566e..36a197df44 100644 --- a/rom/12/19.md +++ b/rom/12/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# give way to the wrath of God -* [[en:tw:adversary]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Here "wrath" is a metonym for God's punishment. AT: "allow God to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# For it is written -* Paul continues to tell the believers how to deal with those who do evil to them. This section began in [[:en:bible:notes:rom:12:17]]. -* **Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God will avenge his people. AT: "I will certainly avenge you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **your enemy...feed him...give him a drink...if you do this, you will heap....Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil** - All forms of "you" and "your" are addressed as to one person. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **But if your enemy is hungry...his head** - In 12:20 Paul quotes another part of Scripture. AT: "But it is also written, 'If your enemy is hungry...his head'" -* **feed him ** - AT: "give him some food" -* **heap coals of fire on his head** - Paul compares the punishment that the enemies will receive to hot coals being poured on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you" or 2) "give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good** - Paul describes "evil" as though it is a living being. AT: "Do not let those who are evil defeat you, but defeat those who are evil by doing what is good" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For someone has written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God will avenge his people. AT: "I will certainly avenge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your enemy ... feed him ... give him a drink ... if you do this, you will heap ... Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil + +All forms of "you" and "your" are addressed as to one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# But if your enemy is hungry ... his head + +In 12:20 Paul quotes another part of Scripture. AT: "But the Scripture also says, 'If your enemy is hungry ... his head'" + +# feed him + +"give him some food" + +# heap coals of fire on his head + +Paul speaks of the blessings that the enemies will receive as if someone were pouring hot coals on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you" or 2) "give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good + +Paul describes "evil" as though it were a person. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Do not let those who are evil defeat you, but defeat those who are evil by doing what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/intro.md b/rom/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..49da353de1 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Romans 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:20, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +Many scholars believe Paul uses the word "therefore" in [Romans 12:1](./01.md) to refer to all of chapters 1-11. Having given such a great explanation of the Christian doctrine, Paul is now going on to say "therefore, in light of these doctrinal truths, go and live this way." The remainder of Romans focuses on living out one's Christian faith. Paul uses many different commands in this section to give these practical instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Christian living ##### +Under the law of Moses, people were required to offer sacrifices of animals or grain in the temple; now Christians are required to live their lives as a type of sacrifice to God. Physical sacrifices are no longer required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Body of Christ ##### +The body of Christ is an important metaphor or image used in Scripture to refer to the church. Its significance lies in the fact that each member of the church plays a unique and important function. Christians need each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/body]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/01.md b/rom/13/01.md index 763647796b..70192e4ae0 100644 --- a/rom/13/01.md +++ b/rom/13/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:appoint]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +Paul tells believers how to live under their rulers. -## translationNotes +# Let every soul be obedient to -* **Let every soul be obedient to** - AT: "Every Christian should obey" (see UDB) or "Everyone should obey" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **higher authorities** - AT: "government officials" -* **for** - AT: "because" -* **the ones that exist have been appointed by God** - AT: "the people who are in authority are there because God put them there" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **that authority** - AT: "that government authority" -* **those who oppose it** - AT: "those who oppose government authority" +Here "soul" is a synecdoche for the whole person. "Every Christian should obey" or "Everyone should obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# higher authorities + +"government officials" + +# for + +"because" + +# there is no authority unless it comes from God + +"all authority comes from God" + +# The authorities that exist have been appointed by God + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "And the people who are in authority are there because God put them there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that authority + +"that government authority" or "the authority that God placed in power" + +# those who oppose it will receive judgment on themselves + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will judge those who oppose government authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/03.md b/rom/13/03.md index 5968b26d43..26da26c69f 100644 --- a/rom/13/03.md +++ b/rom/13/03.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# For -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:avenge]] -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Paul uses this word to begin his explanation of [Romans 13:2](./01.md) and to tell about what will result if the government condemns a person. -## translationNotes +# rulers are not a terror -* **For** - Paul explains [[:en:bible:notes:rom:13:01]] and what will result if the government condemns a person. -* **rulers are not a terror** - Rulers do not make good people afraid. -* **to good deeds…to evil deeds** - People are identified with their "good deeds" or "evil deeds." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Do you desire to be unafraid of authority?** - AT: "Let me tell you how you can be unafraid of the government" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you will have praise from it** - The government will say good things about people who do what is good. -* **he does not carry the sword for no reason** - AT: "he has the power to punish people, and he will punish people" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **carry the sword** - Roman governors carried a short sword as a symbol of their authority. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **an avenger for wrath** - AT: "a person who punishes people as an expression of the government's anger against evil" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience** - AT: "not only so the government will not punish you, but also so you will have a clear conscience before God" +Rulers do not make good people afraid. + +# to good deeds ... to evil deeds + +People are identified with their "good deeds" or "evil deeds." + +# Do you desire to be unafraid of the one in authority? + +Paul uses this question to get people to think about what they need to do in order not to be afraid of rulers. AT: "Let me tell you how you can be unafraid of the ruler." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you will receive his approval + +The government will say good things about people who do what is good. + +# he does not carry the sword for no reason + +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "he carries the sword for a very good reason" or "he has the power to punish people, and he will punish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# carry the sword + +Roman governors carried a short sword as a symbol of their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an avenger for wrath + +Here "wrath" represents the punishment people receive when they do evil deeds. AT: "a person who punishes people as an expression of the government's anger against evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience + +"not only so the government will not punish you, but also so you will have a clear conscience before God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/06.md b/rom/13/06.md index 71d24b5b05..d58f6926f6 100644 --- a/rom/13/06.md +++ b/rom/13/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Because of this -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:tax]] +"Because the government punishes evildoers" -## translationNotes +# you ... Pay to everyone -* **Because of this** - AT: "Because the government punishes evildoers" -* **you....Pay to everyone** - Paul is addressing the believers here. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **For** - AT: "This is why you should pay taxes:" -* **attend to** - AT: "administer" or "work on" -* **toll** - This refers to customs duty. +Paul is addressing the believers here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# For + +"This is why you should pay taxes:" + +# attend to + +"administer" or "work on" + +# Tax to whom tax is due, toll to whom toll is due; fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due. + +The word "Pay" is understood from the previous sentence. AT: "Pay tax to whom tax is due and toll to whom toll is due. Pay fear to whom fear is due and honor to him to whom honor is due" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due + +Here paying fear and honor is a metaphor for fearing and honoring those who deserve to be feared and honored. AT: "Fear those who deserve to be feared, and honor those who deserved to be honored" or "Respect those whom you ought to respect, and honor those whom you ought to honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# toll + +This is a kind of tax. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/08.md b/rom/13/08.md index 47f5e2a18f..1ad24ec36f 100644 --- a/rom/13/08.md +++ b/rom/13/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:adultery]] -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:envy]] -* [[en:tw:fulfill]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +Paul tells believers how to act toward neighbors. -## translationNotes +# Owe no one anything, except to love one another -* **Owe no one anything** - AT: "Pay all you owe to the government and everybody else" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]]) -* **owe** - This verb is plural and applies to all the Roman Christians. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **except** - New sentence: “Loving other Christians is the one debt that you may continue to owe” (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **love** - Here and through verse 10 it means the kind of love that comes from God that is focused on the good of others, even when it doesn't benefit oneself. -* **For, "You will not…"** - Paul will now show how love fulfills the Law of God. -* **You will** - All occurrences of "you" in 13:9 are singular, but the speaker was addressing a group of people as if they were one person, so you may need to use plural forms here. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **covet** - "Covet" means to desire to have or possess something which a person does not have and is kept from having or possessing. -* **Love does not harm** - This phrase portrays love as a person who is being kind to other people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) AT: "People who love their neighbors do not harm them" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Therefore** - AT: "Because love does not harm one's neighbor" +This is a double negative. You can translate it in a positive form. AT: "Pay all you owe to everyone, and love one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Owe + +This verb is plural and applies to all the Roman Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# except to love one another + +This is the one debt that can remain as shown in the note above. + +# love + +This refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. + +# covet + +to desire to have or possess something that another person possesses. + +# Love does not harm one's neighbor + +This phrase portrays love as a person who is being kind to other people. AT: "People who love their neighbors do not harm them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/11.md b/rom/13/11.md index 5f69c4bd95..b9a5b605ac 100644 --- a/rom/13/11.md +++ b/rom/13/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# you know the time, that it is already time for you to awake out of sleep -* [[en:tw:armor]] -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:sleep]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul speaks of the need for the Roman believers to change their behavior as if they needed to wake up from being asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# The night has advanced -* **The night has advanced** - AT: "the present sinful time is almost over" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the day has come near** - AT: "Christ will return soon" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **works of darkness** - These are wicked deeds which people prefer to do at night, when no one can see them. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **let us put on the armor of light** - AT: "we should allow God to protect us by doing only those deeds we want people to see us doing" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the time when the people did evil deeds as night. AT: "The present sinful time is almost over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the day has come near + +Paul speaks of the time when people stop doing evil deeds as the day. AT: "Christ will return soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# works of darkness + +These are wicked deeds which people prefer to do at night, when it is dark and no one can see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let us put on the armor of light + +Paul speaks of doing things to resist Satan as if the people were putting on armor in preparation for battle. AT: "we should allow God to protect us by doing only those deeds we want people to see us doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/13.md b/rom/13/13.md index f7b3070bd7..538c6641af 100644 --- a/rom/13/13.md +++ b/rom/13/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Let us -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:fornication]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lust]] -* [[en:tw:strife]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +Paul includes his readers and other believers with himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## translationNotes +# Let us walk appropriately, as in the day -* **Let us** - Paul includes his readers and other believers with himself. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **as in the day** - AT: “in a visible way” or "knowing that everyone can see us" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **strife** - This refers to plotting against and arguing with other people. -* **jealousy** - This refers to negative feelings against another person's success or advantage over others. -* **put on the Lord Jesus Christ** - This means to accept the moral nature of Christ as if he were our outer clothing that people can see. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]])​ -* **put on** - If your language has a plural form for commands, use it here. -* **make no provision for the flesh** - AT: "don’t allow your old evil heart any opportunity at all for doing wicked things” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **flesh** - Here this means the sinful nature of human beings. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of living as true believers as if one were walking while it is day. AT: "Let us walk in a visible way knowing that everyone can see us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in sexual immorality or in uncontrolled lust + +These concepts mean basically the same thing. You can combine them in your translation. AT: "sexually immoral acts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# strife + +This refers to plotting against and arguing with other people. + +# jealousy + +This refers to negative feelings against another person's success or advantage over others. + +# put on the Lord Jesus Christ + +Paul speaks of accepting the moral nature of Christ as if he were our outer clothing that people can see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# put on + +If your language has a plural form for commands, use it here. + +# make no provision for the flesh + +Here the "flesh" refers to the self-directed nature of people who oppose God. This is the sinful nature of human beings. AT: "do not allow your old evil heart any opportunity at all for doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/intro.md b/rom/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bbea179246 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Romans 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In Judaism, there was a close and intended connection between the government and the religion of the people of Israel. Christianity does not usually have this same connection and makes no provision for it. Paul felt that it was important to instruct Christians how to live under an ungodly ruler. This is the focus of the first part of this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ungodly rulers ##### +Some of the concepts about ungodly rulers in this chapter may be difficult to understand, especially in cultures where the church is persecuted by the government. Christians must obey both God and their rulers. Some times rulers can be disobeyed but there are times when a believer must submit to these ruler and suffer at their hands. This is because the Christian understands that this world is temporary and they will ultimately spend eternity with God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]). + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/01.md b/rom/14/01.md index 815909d088..73c829544e 100644 --- a/rom/14/01.md +++ b/rom/14/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +Paul encourages believers to remember that they are answerable to God. -## translationNotes +# weak in faith -* Paul continues instructing the believers on right living. -* **weak in faith** - This refers to those who felt guilty over eating and drinking certain things. -* **yet not giving judgment about such questions** - AT: "but not so that you can argue with them about it" -* **On the one hand, one person has faith to eat anything, but on the other hand** - The phrases “on the one hand” and “on the other hand” introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "One person has faith to eat anything, but" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This refers to those who felt guilty over eating and drinking certain things. + +# without giving judgment about arguments + +"and do not condemn them for their opinions" + +# One person has faith to eat anything + +Here "faith" refers to doing what a person believes God is telling him to do. + +# another who is weak eats only vegetables + +This describes a person who believes God does not want him to eat meat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/03.md b/rom/14/03.md index 1c46ad21f6..9181d6c383 100644 --- a/rom/14/03.md +++ b/rom/14/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Who are you, you who judge a servant belonging to someone else? -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Paul is using a question to scold those who are judging others. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "You are not God, and you are not allowed to judge one of his servants!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# you, you -* Paul continues instructing the believers on right living. -* **Who are you, you who judge a servant belonging to another?** - Paul is using a question to scold those who are judging others. AT: "You are not God, and you are not allowed to judge one of his servants" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **you, you** - singular (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Before his own master he stands or falls** - AT: "Only the master can decide if he will accept the servant or not" -* **But he will be made to stand; for the Lord is able to make him stand** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "But the Lord will accept him because he is able to make the servant acceptable" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The form of "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# It is before his own master that he stands or falls + +Paul speaks of God as if he were a master who owned servants. AT: "Only the master can decide if he will accept the servant or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But he will be made to stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand + +Paul speaks of the servant who is acceptable to God as if he were being "made to stand" instead of falling. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "But the Lord will accept him because he is able to make the servant acceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/05.md b/rom/14/05.md index 4b1d246881..06660f51c6 100644 --- a/rom/14/05.md +++ b/rom/14/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# One person values one day above another. Another values every day equally -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +"One person thinks one day is more important than all the others, but another person thinks that all days are the same" -## translationNotes +# Let each person be convinced in his own mind -* **On the one hand, one person values one day above another, but on the other hand, another values every day -* The phrases “on the one hand” and “on the other hand” introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "One person thinks one day is more important than all the others, but another person thinks that all days are the same" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Let each person be convinced in his own mind** - The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "Let each person be sure what they are doing is to honor the Lord" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **He who observes the day, observes it for the Lord** - AT: "The person who worships on a certain day does it to honor the Lord" -* **and he who eats, eats for the Lord** - AT: "The person who eats every kind of food does it to honor the Lord" -* **He who does not eat, refrains from eating for the Lord** - AT: "The person who does not eat certain kinds of food does it to honor the Lord" +You can make the full meaning explicit. You can also translate this in an active form. AT: "Let each person be sure what he is doing is to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He who observes the day, observes it for the Lord + +Here "observes" refers to worshiping. AT: "The person who worships on a certain day does it to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he who eats, eats for the Lord + +This is an ellipsis. You can include the missing words. AT: "the person who eats every kind of food does it to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# He who does not eat, refrains from eating for the Lord + +This is an ellipsis. You can include the missing words. AT: "The person who does not eat certain kinds of food does it to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/07.md b/rom/14/07.md index 8a7d6ec747..2f2561efc1 100644 --- a/rom/14/07.md +++ b/rom/14/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For none of us lives for himself -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +Here "lives for himself" means to live only to please oneself. AT: "None of us should live merely to please ourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# none dies for himself -* **us...we** - Paul is including his readers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **the dead and the living** - AT: "those who are dead and those who are living" +This means one's death affects other people. AT: "none of us should think that when we die, it affects only us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# us ... we + +Paul is including his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/10.md b/rom/14/10.md index 24543629fb..49e3e675ed 100644 --- a/rom/14/10.md +++ b/rom/14/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# why do you judge your brother? And you, why do you despise your brother? -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +By using these questions, Paul is demonstrating how he might need to scold individuals among his readers. AT: "it is wrong for you to judge your brother, and it is wrong for you to despise your brother!" or "stop judging and despising your brother!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# brother -* Paul continues instructing the believers on right living. -* **But you, why do you judge...? And you, why do you despise...?** - Paul is demonstrating how he might have to scold individuals among his readers. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) AT: "it is wrong for you to judge...it is wrong for you to despise" (see UDB) or "stop judging...stop despising" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **brother** - Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -* **For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God** - The "judgment seat" refers to God's authority to judge. AT: "For God will judge us all" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **As I live** - This phrase is used to start an oath or solemn promise. AT: "You can be certain that this is true" -* **to me every knee will bend, and every tongue will give praise to God** - Paul uses the words "knee" and "tongue" to refer to the whole person. Also, the Lord uses the word "God" to refer to himself. AT: "Every person will bow and give praise to me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_123person]]) +Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. + +# For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God + +The "judgment seat" refers to God's authority to judge. AT: "For God will judge us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For it is written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For someone has written in the Scriptures:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# As I live + +This phrase is used to start an oath or solemn promise. AT: "You can be certain that this is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to me every knee will bend, and every tongue will give praise to God + +Paul uses the words "knee" and "tongue" to refer to the whole person. Also, the Lord uses the word "God" to refer to himself. AT: "every person will bow and give praise to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/12.md b/rom/14/12.md index 03921a380e..f76874bc0b 100644 --- a/rom/14/12.md +++ b/rom/14/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# will give an account of himself to God -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] +"will have to explain our actions to God" -## translationNotes +# but instead decide this, that no one will place a stumbling block or a snare for his brother -* **will give an account of himself to God** - AT: "will have to explain our actions to God" -* **but instead decide this, that no one will place a stumbling block or a snare for his brother** - Here "stumbling block" and "snare" mean basically the same thing. AT: "but instead make it your goal not to do or say anything that might cause a fellow believer to sin" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **brother** - Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. +Here "stumbling block" and "snare" mean basically the same thing. AT: "but instead make it your goal not to do or say anything that might cause a fellow believer to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# brother + +Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/14.md b/rom/14/14.md index ac04dc7495..df17220e1e 100644 --- a/rom/14/14.md +++ b/rom/14/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +Here the words "know" and "am persuaded" mean basically the same thing; Paul uses them to emphasize his certainty. AT: "I am certain because of my relationship with the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# nothing is unclean by itself -* **I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus** - Here the words "know" and "am persuaded" mean basically the same thing; Paul uses them to emphasize his certainty. AT: "I am certain because of my relationship with the Lord Jesus" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **except that for him who considers anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean** - This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "But if a person thinks something is unclean, then for that person it is unclean and he should stay away from it" -* **If because of food your brother is hurt** - AT: "If you hurt your fellow believer's faith over the matter of food" Here the word "your" refers to the strong in faith and "brother" refers to the weak in faith. -* **you no longer walk in love** - AT: "then you are no longer showing love" +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "everything by itself is clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# by itself + +"by its nature" or "because of what it is" + +# Only for him who considers anything to be unclean, for him it is unclean + +Paul implies here that a person should stay away from anything that he thinks is unclean. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "But if a person thinks something is unclean, then for that person it is unclean and he should stay away from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If because of food your brother is hurt + +"If you hurt your fellow believer's faith over the matter of food." Here the word "your" refers to those who are strong in faith and "brother" refers to those who are weak in faith. + +# brother + +Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. + +# you are no longer walking in love + +Paul speaks of the behavior of believers as if it were a walk. AT: "then you are no longer showing love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/16.md b/rom/14/16.md index 72c01d84e3..cc8a277fe1 100644 --- a/rom/14/16.md +++ b/rom/14/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# So do not allow what you consider to be good to be spoken of as evil -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofgod]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] +"If someone thinks that something is evil, do not do it, even if you consider it to be good" -## translationNotes +# For the kingdom of God is not about food and drink, but about righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit -* **do not let your good actions cause people to mock them** - AT: "Do not do things, even if you consider them to be good, if there people will say that they are evil" -* **your good actions** - This refers to the actions of people with strong faith. -* **people** - From the context, this most likely refers to other believers (see UDB). -* **For the kingdom of God is not about food and drink, but about righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit** - AT: "For God did not set up his kingdom so that he could rule over what we eat and drink. He set up his kingdom so we could have a right relationship with him and the Holy Spirit could give us peace and joy" +Paul argues that God set up his kingdom so he could give us a right relationship with himself, and to provide peace and joy. AT: "For God did not set up his kingdom so that he could rule over what we eat and drink. He set up his kingdom so we could have a right relationship with him, and so he could give us peace and joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/18.md b/rom/14/18.md index 926f809e64..01485d732b 100644 --- a/rom/14/18.md +++ b/rom/14/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# approved by people -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "people will approve of him" or "people will respect him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# let us pursue the things of peace and the things that build up one another -* **serves Christ in this** - AT: "serves Christ in this way" -* **approved by people** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "people will approve of him" or "people will respect him" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **let us pursue the things of peace, and the things of building up one another** - AT: "let us seek to live in peace and to help one another grow stronger in faith" +Here "build up one another" refers to helping each other grow in faith. AT: "let us seek to live peacefully together and help one another grow stronger in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/20.md b/rom/14/20.md index 6ce0347ab8..1d8a72cf65 100644 --- a/rom/14/20.md +++ b/rom/14/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Do not destroy the work of God because of food -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +You can make explicit the full meaning of this sentence. AT: "Do not undo what God has done for a fellow believer just because you want to eat a certain kind of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# but it is evil for that person who eats and causes him to stumble -* **It is good not to eat meat, nor to drink wine, nor anything by which your brother takes offense** - AT: "It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything that may cause your fellow brother to sin" -* **your** - This refers to the strong in faith and "brother" refers to the weak in faith. +Here anything that "causes him to stumble" means it causes a weaker brother to do something that is against his conscience. AT: "but it would be a sin for someone to eat food, which another brother thinks is wrong to eat, if by eating this causes the weaker brother to do something that is against his conscience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is good not to eat meat, nor to drink wine, nor anything by which your brother takes offense + +"It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything else that might cause your brother to sin" + +# brother + +Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. + +# your + +This refers to the strong in faith and "brother" refers to the weak in faith. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/22.md b/rom/14/22.md index f1cc7322db..f0cd9f2569 100644 --- a/rom/14/22.md +++ b/rom/14/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The faith you have -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +This refers back to the beliefs about food and drink. -## translationNotes +# you ... yourself -* **These particular beliefs that you have** - This refers back to the beliefs about food and drink from the previous verse. -* **you...you...yourself** - singular. Because Paul is addressing the believers, you may have to translate this using plural. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself in respect to what he approves of** - AT: "Blessed are those who do not feel guilty for what they decide to do" -* **He who doubts is condemned if he eats** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God will say that the person does wrong if he is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but he eats it anyway" (see UDB) or "The person who is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but then eats it anyway will have a troubled conscience" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **because it is not from faith** - This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "God will say that he is wrong because he is eating something he believes God does not want him to eat" -* **and whatever is not from faith is sin** - AT: "You are sinning if you do something that you do not believe God wants you to do" +singular. Because Paul is addressing the believers, you may have to translate this using plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself by what he approves + +"Blessed are those who do not feel guilty for what they decide to do" + +# He who doubts is condemned if he eats + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will say that the person does wrong if he is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but he eats it anyway" or "The person who is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but then eats it anyway will have a troubled conscience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because it is not from faith + +Anything that is "not from faith" is something that God does not want you to do. You can make explicit the full meaning here. AT: "God will say that he is wrong because he is eating something he believes God does not want him to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# whatever is not from faith is sin + +Anything that is "not from faith" is something that God does not want you to do. You can make explicit the full meaning here. AT: "you are sinning if you do something that you do not believe God wants you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/intro.md b/rom/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b3b96db27 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Romans 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:10, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Weak in faith ##### + +Faith is used in Scripture to as something one can definitively possess and at the same time be "weak in" or "lack" in a given situation. In this passage, being weak in faith references Christians who were immature, lacking strength or understanding in their faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Dietary restrictions ##### + +Dietary restrictions were important in many religions in the ancient Near East. Christians had freedom to eat what they wanted to, but they had to exercise this freedom wisely, and in a way that brought honor to the Lord and did not cause others to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### The Judgment Seat of God ##### + +The Judgment Seat of God or Christ (also known as the "Bema Seat") represents a time when Christians will be held accountable for the way they lived their lives as Christians. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/01.md b/rom/15/01.md index a14b844ee5..d21e647721 100644 --- a/rom/15/01.md +++ b/rom/15/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] +Paul concludes this section about believers' living for others with reminding them how Christ lived. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now** - Translate this using the words your language uses to introduce a new idea into an argument. -* **we who are strong** - AT: "we who are strong in faith" -* **we** - This refers to Paul, his readers, and other believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **the weak** - AT: "those who are weak in faith" -* **to build him up** - AT: "to strengthen his faith" +Translate this using the words your language uses to introduce a new idea into an argument. + +# we who are strong + +Here "strong" refers to the people who are strong in their faith. They believe that God allows them to eat any kind of food. AT: "we who are strong in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we + +This refers to Paul, his readers, and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# the weak + +Here "the weak" refers to the people who are weak in their faith. They believe that God does not allow them to eat some kinds of food. AT: "those who are weak in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to build him up + +By this, Paul means to strengthen someone's faith. AT: "to strengthen his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/03.md b/rom/15/03.md index 600e95a212..c7ea4a55ed 100644 --- a/rom/15/03.md +++ b/rom/15/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# it was just as it is written -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Here Paul refers to a scripture where Christ (the Messiah) speaks to God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the Messiah said to God in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# The insults of those who insulted you fell on me -* **The insults of those who insulted you fell on me** - AT: "The insults of those who insulted God fell on Christ" -* **For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction** - AT: "For everything written in the scriptures in the past was written to inform us" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **our...we** - Paul includes his readers and other believers. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) +The insults of those who insulted God fell on Christ. + +# For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For in times past, the prophets wrote everything in the Scriptures to teach us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# our ... we + +Paul includes his readers and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# in order that through patience and through encouragement of the scriptures we would have confidence + +Here "have confidence" means that the believers will know that God will fulfill his promises. You can make explicit the full meaning in your translation. AT: "In this way the scriptures will encourage us to expect that God will do for us everything that he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/05.md b/rom/15/05.md index f2fef54634..2318885c50 100644 --- a/rom/15/05.md +++ b/rom/15/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:patient]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] +Paul encourages the believers to remember that both Gentile believers and Jews that believe are made one in Christ. -## translationNotes +# may ... God ... grant -* **may...God...grant** - AT: "I pray that...God...will grant" -* **to be of the same mind with each other** - AT: "to be in agreement with each other" or "to be united" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **praise with one mouth** - AT: "praise together as if only one mouth was speaking" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"I pray that ... God ... will grant" + +# to be of the same mind with each other + +Here to be of the "same mind" is a metonym that means to be in agreement with each other. AT: "to be in agreement with each other" or "to be united" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# praise with one mouth + +This means to be united in praising God. AT: "praise God together in unity as if only one mouth were speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# receive one another + +"accept one another"" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/08.md b/rom/15/08.md index f2b44c16d3..c056336ec5 100644 --- a/rom/15/08.md +++ b/rom/15/08.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# For I say -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:glorify]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +"I" refers to Paul. -## translationNotes +# Christ has been made a servant of the circumcision -* **For I say** - "I" refers to Paul. -* **Christ has been made a servant of the circumcision** - AT: "Jesus Christ came to help the Jews" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **that he might confirm the promises given to the fathers** - AT: "that God might confirm the promises he gave the ancestors of the Jews" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **as it is written** - AT: "as it is written in the Scriptures" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **and for the Gentiles** - AT: "and Christ has been made the servant of the Gentiles" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +Here "the circumcision" is a metonym that refers to the Jews. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Jesus Christ came to help the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the promises given to the fathers + +Here "the fathers" refers to the ancestors of the Jewish people. You can translate this in active form. AT: "the promises that God gave to the ancestors of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the Gentiles + +This is an ellipsis. You can include the missing words. AT: "Christ came to help the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# as it is written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "as someone has written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sing praise to your name + +Here "your name" is a metonym that refers to God. AT: "sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/10.md b/rom/15/10.md index 808b211cc6..0d3d625fcf 100644 --- a/rom/15/10.md +++ b/rom/15/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Again it says -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] +"Again the scripture says" -## translationNotes +# with his people -* **Again it says** - AT: "Again scripture says" or "Again Moses says" -* **with his people** - AT: "with the people of God" -* **praise him** - AT: "praise the Lord" +This refers to God's people. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "with the people of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# praise him + +"praise the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/12.md b/rom/15/12.md index 0a091ddd73..7257764bbd 100644 --- a/rom/15/12.md +++ b/rom/15/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# root of Jesse -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jesse]] +Jesse was the physical father of King David. AT: "descendant of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# The Gentiles will have confidence in him -* **root of Jesse** - Jesse was the physical father of King David. AT: "descendant of Jesse" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "him" refers to the descendant of Jesse, the Messiah. Those who are not Jews will also trust him to fulfill his promises. AT: "The people who are not Jews can trust him to do what he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/13.md b/rom/15/13.md index 1441bcbc86..055b534172 100644 --- a/rom/15/13.md +++ b/rom/15/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# the God of confidence -* [[en:tw:believe]] -* [[en:tw:confidence]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +Here "confidence" refers to one's ability to trust in God to do what he has promised to do. AT: "God, whom you trust to fulfill his promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# fill you with all joy and peace -* **the God of confidence** - AT: "God, in whom you have confidence" -* **fill you with all joy and peace** - AT: "fill you with great joy and peace" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **you may abound in confidence** - AT: "you may be completely confident" +Paul exaggerates here to emphasize his point. AT: "fill you with great joy and peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# you may abound in confidence + +"you may be completely confident" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/14.md b/rom/15/14.md index dc39d3fe68..49a495f90f 100644 --- a/rom/15/14.md +++ b/rom/15/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:exhort]] -* [[en:tw:good]] +Paul reminds the believers in Rome that God chose him to reach the Gentiles. -## translationNotes +# I myself am also convinced about you, my brothers -* **filled with all knowledge** - AT: "filled with sufficient knowledge to follow God" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **able also to exhort one another** - AT: "able also to teach each other" +Paul is quite sure that the believers in Rome are honoring each other in their behavior. AT: "I myself am completely sure that you yourselves have acted toward others in a completely good way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# filled with all knowledge + +Paul exaggerates here to emphasize his point. AT: "filled with sufficient knowledge to follow God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# also able to exhort one another + +Here "exhort" means to teach. AT: "also able to teach each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/15.md b/rom/15/15.md index d4ee8a29b9..300dc1647a 100644 --- a/rom/15/15.md +++ b/rom/15/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the gift that was given me by God -* [[en:tw:bold]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:gift]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sanctify]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This gift is Paul's appointment as an apostle despite his persecution of believers prior to his conversion. Paul speaks of his selection as an apostle as if it were a gift that God gave to him. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the gift God gave me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# the offering of the Gentiles might become acceptable -* **the gift that was given me by God** - This gift is his appointment as an apostle despite his persecution of believers prior to his conversion. AT: "the gift God gave me" -* **the offering of the Gentiles might become acceptable** - AT: "God might be pleased with the Gentiles when they obey him" (see UDB) (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of his preaching the gospel as if he, as a priest, were making an offering to God. AT: "the Gentiles might please God when they obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/17.md b/rom/15/17.md index 75a24dfdc4..e4988adcb4 100644 --- a/rom/15/17.md +++ b/rom/15/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# So my delight is in Christ Jesus and in the things of God -* [[en:tw:boast]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:miracle]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:power]] +Here "the things of God" could refer to the task that God has chosen Paul to do. AT: "Therefore I have reason to rejoice in Christ Jesus and in the work God has given me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# For I will not dare to speak of anything ... These are things done by word and action, by the power of signs and wonders, and by the power of the Holy Spirit -* **I have then my boast in Christ Jesus in the things pertaining to God** - AT: "Therefore I have reason to be proud in Christ Jesus of the work God has given me to do" -* **For I will not dare to speak of anything except what Christ has accomplished through me for the obedience of the Gentiles, by word and action, by the power of signs and wonders, by the power of the Holy Spirit** - AT: "For the sake of the obedience of the Gentiles, I will only speak of what Christ has accomplished through me in my words and actions and by the power of signs and wonders through the power of the Holy Spirit" -* **signs and wonders** - These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **so that from Jerusalem, and round about as far as Illyricum** - This is from the city of Jerusalem as far as the province of Illyricum, a region close to Italy. +You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Here "these are things" refers to what Christ has accomplished through Paul. AT: "For the sake of the obedience of the Gentiles, I will only speak of what Christ has accomplished through me in my words and actions and by the power of signs and wonders through the power of the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# signs and wonders + +These two words mean basically the same thing and refer to various kinds of miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# so that from Jerusalem, and round about as far as Illyricum + +This is from the city of Jerusalem as far as the province of Illyricum, a region close to Italy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/20.md b/rom/15/20.md index 505e6e531c..125139169b 100644 --- a/rom/15/20.md +++ b/rom/15/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# In this way, my desire has been to proclaim the gospel, but not where Christ is known by name -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:written]] +Paul only wants to preach to people who have never heard of Christ. AT: "Because of this, I want to preach the good news in places where people have never heard of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# in order that I might not build upon another man's foundation -* **In this way, my desire has been to proclaim the gospel, but not where Christ is known by name** - AT: "Because of this, I want to preach the good news in places that have never heard of Christ" -* **Those to whom no tidings of him came** - AT: "Those whom no one had told about him" +Paul speaks of his ministry work as if he were building a house on a foundation. AT: "in order that I might not be simply continuing the work that someone else already started. I do not want to be like a man who builds a house on someone else's foundation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is as it is written + +Here Paul refers to what Isaiah wrote in the scriptures. You can translate this in an active form and make the meaning explicit. AT: "What is happening is like what Isaiah wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Those to whom no tidings of him came + +Here Paul speaks of the "tidings" or message about Christ as if it were alive and able to move by itself. AT: "Those whom no one had told the news about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/22.md b/rom/15/22.md index a98d2df673..9ec04c3a3c 100644 --- a/rom/15/22.md +++ b/rom/15/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: +Paul tells the believers in Rome about his personal plans to visit them and asks the believers to pray. -## translationNotes +# I was also hindered -* **I was hindered** - It is not important to identify who hindered Paul. AT: "they hindered me" or "people hindered me" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "they also hindered me" or "people also hindered me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I no longer have any place in these regions + +Paul implies that there are no more places in these areas where people live who have not heard about Christ. AT: "there are no more places in these regions where people have not heard about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/24.md b/rom/15/24.md index 4561602491..2961c3dc84 100644 --- a/rom/15/24.md +++ b/rom/15/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Spain -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] +This is a roman province west of Rome that Paul desired to visit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# in passing -* **in passing** - AT: "as I pass through Rome" or "while I am on my way" -* **enjoy your company** - AT: "enjoy spending some time with you" or "enjoy visiting you" -* **Spain** - This is a roman province west of Rome that Paul desired to visit. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +"as I pass through Rome" or "while I am on my way" + +# to be sent on my way by you + +Here Paul implies that he wants the Roman believers to provide some financial assistance to him for his journey to Spain. AT: "that you will help me on my journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# enjoy your company + +"enjoy spending some time with you" or "enjoy visiting you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/26.md b/rom/15/26.md index 436ccea56a..d42567ce32 100644 --- a/rom/15/26.md +++ b/rom/15/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# it was the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:macedonia]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] +Here the words "Macedonia" and "Achaia" are synecdoches for the people who live in those areas. AT: "the believers in the provinces of Macedonia and Achaia were happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# Yes, it was their good pleasure -* **Yes, it was their good pleasure** - AT: "The believers in Macedonia and Achaia were pleased to do it" or "...enjoyed doing it" -* **indeed, they are their debtors** - AT: "indeed the people of Macedonia and Achaia are in debt to the believers in Jerusalem" -* **if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to serve them** - AT: "since the Gentiles have shared in the spiritual things of the Jerusalem believers, the Gentiles owe service to the Jerusalem believers" +"The believers in Macedonia and Achaia were pleased to do it" + +# indeed, they are their debtors + +"indeed the people of Macedonia and Achaia are in debt to the believers in Jerusalem" + +# if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to serve them + +"since the Gentiles have shared in the spiritual things of the Jerusalem believers, the Gentiles owe service to the Jerusalem believers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/28.md b/rom/15/28.md index 8efe69e563..5c2a2b619e 100644 --- a/rom/15/28.md +++ b/rom/15/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# made sure that they have received what was collected -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] +Paul speaks of the money he is taking to Jerusalem as if it were a fruit that was collected for them. AT: "and have safely delivered this offering to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I know that when I come to you I will come in the fullness of the blessing of Christ -* **certified** - AT: "safely delivered" -* **fruit** - This refers to money. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **I will come in the fullness of the blessing of Christ.** - AT: "I will come with Christ's full blessing" +This phrase means that Christ will bless Paul and the Roman believers. AT: "And I know that when I visit you, Christ will abundantly bless us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/30.md b/rom/15/30.md index ecccf46e3c..8636eaaad5 100644 --- a/rom/15/30.md +++ b/rom/15/30.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Now -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:judea]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pray]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:willofgod]] +If your language has a way to show that Paul has stopped talking about the good things he is confident of ([Romans 15:29](./28.md)) and is now starting to talk about the dangers he faces, use it here. -## translationNotes +# I urge you -* **Now** - If your language has a way to show that Paul has stopped talking about the good things he is confident of ([[:en:bible:notes:rom:15:28]]) and is now starting to talk about the dangers he faces, use it here. -* **I urge you** - AT: "I encourage you" -* **brothers** - Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -* **strive** - AT: "work hard" or "struggle" -* **rescued** - AT: "saved" or "protected" +"I encourage you" + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# strive + +"work hard" or "struggle" + +# rescued + +"saved" or "protected" + +# that my service for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the believers + +Here Paul expresses his desire that the believers in Jerusalem will gladly accept the money from the believers in Macedonia and Achaia. AT: "pray that the believers in Jerusalem will be glad to receive the money that I am bringing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/33.md b/rom/15/33.md index 318d412ad3..8be07faf52 100644 --- a/rom/15/33.md +++ b/rom/15/33.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords - -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] - -## translationNotes +# May the God of peace +The "God of peace" means the God who causes believers to have inner peace. AT: "I pray that God who causes all of us to have inner peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/intro.md b/rom/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f79809ca4 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Romans 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 15:9-12, 20, which are quotations from the Old Testament. Many of these quotations are used to prove that God has always had a plan for the salvation of the Gentile peoples. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +Romans [Romans 15:14](./14.md) marks a shift in the material of the book overall. Paul begins to speak much more personally. This serves a specific function in the letter overall, marking the end of his instruction and beginning a personal greeting. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Strong/Weak ##### +These terms are used to refer to people who are mature and immature in their faith. There are many different terms that can be used to describe people who have grown more spiritually than others. Paul also explains that spiritual growth occurs through the fellowship and encouragement of other Christians in community with one another. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/01.md b/rom/16/01.md index 21b24a7513..d48c56b49f 100644 --- a/rom/16/01.md +++ b/rom/16/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Paul then greets many of the believers in Rome by name. -## translationNotes +# I commend to you Phoebe -* Paul is greeting many of the believers in Rome by name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **I commend to you Phoebe** - AT: "I want you to respect Phoebe" -* **Phoebe** - This is a woman's name. -* **our sister** - This refers to Paul and all believers. AT: "our sister in Christ" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive]]) -* **Cenchrea** - This was a seaport city in Greece. -* **receive her in the Lord** - AT: "welcome her because we all belong to the Lord" -* **in a manner worthy of the saints** - AT: "in the way that believers should welcome other believers" -* **and that you stand by her** - This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "I also want you to help her." -* **has become a helper of many, and of myself as well** - AT: "has helped many people, and she has also helped me" +"I want you to respect Phoebe" + +# Phoebe + +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# our sister + +The word "our" refers to Paul and all believers. AT: "our sister in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Cenchrea + +This was a seaport city in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# receive her in the Lord + +Paul encourages the Roman believers to welcome Phoebe as a fellow believer. AT: "welcome her because we all belong to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in a manner worthy of the believers + +"in the way that believers should welcome other believers" + +# stand by her + +Paul encourages the Roman believers to give to Phoebe anything she needs. AT: "help her by giving her whatever she needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# has become a helper of many, and of myself as well + +"has helped many people, and she has also helped me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/03.md b/rom/16/03.md index d58a37a2dc..c30a150d91 100644 --- a/rom/16/03.md +++ b/rom/16/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Priscilla and Aquila -* [[en:tw:asia]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:firstfruit]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] +Priscilla was the wife of Aquila. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# my fellow workers in Christ Jesus -* Paul is greeting many of the believers in Rome by name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Prisca and Aquila** - Prisca, also known as Priscilla, was the wife of Aquila. -* **my fellow-workers in Christ Jesus** - workers in Christ Jesus** - AT: "who work with me to tell people about Christ Jesus" -* **Greet the church that is in their house** - AT: "Greet the believers who meet in their house to worship" -* **Epaenetus** - This is the name of a man. -* **first fruit of Asia** - This phrase means that Epaenetus was the first person in Asia to believe in Jesus. +Paul's "fellow workers" are people who also tell others about Jesus. AT: "who work with me to tell people about Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Greet the church that is in their house + +"Greet the believers who meet in their house to worship" + +# Epaenetus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# firstfruit of Asia to Christ + +Paul speaks of Epaenetus as if he were a fruit that he harvested. AT: "first person in Asia to believe in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/06.md b/rom/16/06.md index 951e9b3837..b654d3f98c 100644 --- a/rom/16/06.md +++ b/rom/16/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Mary -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# Andronicus ... Ampliatus -* Paul is greeting many of the believers in Rome by name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Mary** - This is a woman's name. -* **Junias** - This could be either 1) Junia, a woman's name (see UDB) or much less likely, 2) Junias, a man's name. -* **Andronicus...Ampliatus** - These are men's names. -* **my beloved in the Lord** - AT: "my dear friend and fellow believer" +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Junias + +This could be either 1) Junia, a woman's name, or, much less likely, 2) Junias, a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They are prominent among the apostles + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "The apostles know them very well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my beloved in the Lord + +"my dear friend and fellow believer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/09.md b/rom/16/09.md index 3ec448e815..c40b868d21 100644 --- a/rom/16/09.md +++ b/rom/16/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Urbanus ... Stachys ... Apelles ... Aristobulus ... Herodion ... Narcissus -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:household]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the approved in Christ -* **Urbanus...Stachys...Apelles...Aristobulus...Herodian...Narcissus** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the approved in Christ** - The word "approved" refers to someone who has been tested and proved to be genuine. AT: "whom Christ has approved" +The word "approved" refers to someone who has been tested and proved to be genuine. AT: "whom Christ has approved" + +# who are in the Lord + +This refers to those who trust in Jesus. AT: "who are believers" or "who belong to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/12.md b/rom/16/12.md index 91b8e1cf5b..2302c2fa26 100644 --- a/rom/16/12.md +++ b/rom/16/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Tryphaena ... Tryphosa ... Persis -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:inchrist]] +These are women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# Rufus ... Asyncritus ... Phlegon ... Hermes ... Patrobas ... Hermas -* Paul is greeting many of the believers in Rome by name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Tryphaena...Tryphosa...Persis** - These are women's names. -* **Rufus...Asyncritus...Phlegon...Hermes...Patrobas...Hermas** - These are men's names. -* **chosen in the Lord** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "whom the Lord has chosen" because of special qualities (see UDB). (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **his mother and mine** - AT: "his mother, whom I also think of as my mother" +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# chosen in the Lord + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom the Lord has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his mother and mine + +Paul speaks of the mother of Rufus as if she were his own mother. AT: "his mother, whom I also think of as my mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/15.md b/rom/16/15.md index d8db73b474..ea0b46645d 100644 --- a/rom/16/15.md +++ b/rom/16/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Philologus ... Nereus ... Olympas -* [[en:tw:Christ]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:saint]] +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## translationNotes +# Julia -* Paul is greeting many of the believers in Rome by name. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]] and [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) -* **Philologus...Nereus...Olympas** - These are men's names. -* **Julia** - The name of a woman who may have been married to Philologus. +The name of a woman. Julia was probably the wife of Philologus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a holy kiss + +an expression of affection for fellow believers + +# All the churches of Christ greet you + +Here Paul speaks in a general manner concerning the churches of Christ. AT: "The believers in all the churches in this area send their greetings to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/17.md b/rom/16/17.md index 15ff655c97..2a8eab6b60 100644 --- a/rom/16/17.md +++ b/rom/16/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:stumble]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +Paul gives one last warning to the believers about unity and living for God. -## translationNotes +# brothers -* **to think about** - AT: "to watch out for" -* **who are causing the divisions and stumbling** - AT: "who are causing believers to argue with one another and to stop having faith in God" -* **going beyond the teaching that you have learned** - This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "They teach things that do not agree with the truth you have already learned" -* **Turn away from them** - AT: "Stay away from them" -* **but their own belly** - Here "belly" refers to physical desires. AT: "but they only want to please their own selfish desires" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **By their smooth and flattering speech** - The words "smooth" and "flattering" mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing how these people are deceiving believers. AT: "By saying things that seem to be good and true" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **innocent** - simple, inexperienced, and naive. AT: "those who innocently trust them" or "those who do not know these teachers are fooling them" +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# to think about + +"to watch out for" + +# who are causing the divisions and stumbling + +This refers to those who argue and cause others to stop trusting in Jesus. AT: "who are causing believers to argue with one another and to stop having faith in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They are going beyond the teaching that you have learned + +"They teach things that do not agree with the truth you have already learned" + +# Turn away from them + +"Stay away from them" + +# but their own stomach + +The words "they serve" are understood from the previous phrase. This can be expressed as a separate sentence. AT: "Rather, they serve their own stomach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# but their own stomach + +Here "stomach" is a metonym that refers to physical desires. Serving there stomach represents satisfying their desires. AT: "but they only want to satisfy their own selfish desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# By their smooth and flattering speech + +The words "smooth" and "flattering" mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing how these people are deceiving believers. AT: "By saying things that seem to be good and true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# innocent + +This refers to those who are simple, inexperienced, and naive. AT: "those who innocently trust them" or "those who do not know these teachers are fooling them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/19.md b/rom/16/19.md index 315d0ba104..3ab6c734cb 100644 --- a/rom/16/19.md +++ b/rom/16/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# For your example of obedience reaches everyone -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:innocent]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:satan]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] +Here Paul speaks of the Roman believers' obedience as if it were a person who could go to people. AT: "For everyone has heard how you obey Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet -* **For your example of obedience reaches everyone** - AT: "For when you obey Jesus everyone hears about it" -* **The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet** - The phrase "crush under your feet" refers to complete victory over an enemy. AT: "Soon God will give you peace and complete victory over Satan" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **innocent to that which is evil** - AT: "not mixed up in evil" +The phrase "crush under your feet" refers to complete victory over an enemy. Here Paul speaks of the victory over Satan as if the Roman believers were trampling an enemy under their feet. AT: "Soon God will give you peace and complete victory over Satan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# innocent to that which is evil + +"not involved in doing evil things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/21.md b/rom/16/21.md index 65918e25ff..653cf58c11 100644 --- a/rom/16/21.md +++ b/rom/16/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:letter]] -* [[en:tw:timothy]] +Paul gives greetings from the believers who are with him. -## translationNotes +# Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater ... Tertius -* **Lucius, Jason, Sosipater...Tertius** - These are men's names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Tertius, who write this epistle down** - Tertius is the man who wrote down what Paul spoke. -* **greet you in the Lord** - AT: "greet you as a fellow believer in the Lord" +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tertius, who write this epistle down + +Tertius is the man who wrote down what Paul spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# greet you in the Lord + +"greet you as a fellow believer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/23.md b/rom/16/23.md index 1aa2d5669a..ee86f63206 100644 --- a/rom/16/23.md +++ b/rom/16/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Gaius ... Erastus ... Quartus -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:church]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# the host -* **Gaius...Erastus...Quartus** - These are men's names. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the host** - This means that the believers met in his house for worship. -* **the treasurer** - This is a person who takes care of money for a group. -* **16:24** - This verse was omitted because some of the older, more reliable, ancient texts did not include the verse. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_textvariants]]) +This refers to Gaius, the person in whose house Paul and his fellow believers gathered for worship. + +# the treasurer + +This is a person who takes care of the money for a group. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/25.md b/rom/16/25.md index 0a1bf7f252..abfdf43502 100644 --- a/rom/16/25.md +++ b/rom/16/25.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:gentile]] -* [[en:tw:goodnews]] -* [[en:tw:mystery]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:preach]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reveal]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +Paul closes with a prayer of blessing. -## translationNotes +# Now -* **Now** - Here the word "now" marks the closing section of the letter. -* **to make you stand** - AT: "to make your faith strong" -* **according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ** - AT: "by the good news that I have preached about Jesus Christ" -* **according to the revelation of the mystery that has been kept secret from long ago** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "because God has revealed to us believers the secret that he was keeping for a long time" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **but that now has been revealed and made known by the prophetic scriptures according to the command of the eternal God** - This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "but now the eternal God has made it known through the scriptures" -* **for the obedience of faith among all the non-Jews** - Jews** - AT: "so that all nations will obey God because of their faith in him" +Here the word "now" marks the closing section of the letter. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here. + +# to make you stand + +Paul speaks here of having strong faith as if a person were standing, instead of falling. AT: "to make your faith strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ + +"by the good news that I have preached about Jesus Christ" + +# according to the revelation of the mystery that has been kept secret from long ago + +Paul says that God has revealed previously hidden truths to the believers. He speaks of these truths as if they were a secret. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "because God has revealed to us believers the secret that he was keeping for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but now has been revealed, and through the prophetic writings has been made known to all nations, according to the command of the eternal God + +The verbs "revealed" and "made known" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses both of them to emphasize his point. You can combine these words and translate this in an active form. AT: "but now the eternal God has made it known to all the nations through the prophetic writings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the obedience of faith + +Here "obedience" and "faith" are abstract nouns. You can use the verbs "obey" and "trust" in your translation. AT: "so that all nations will obey God because they trust in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/27.md b/rom/16/27.md index 688723e1c9..e650baf0dd 100644 --- a/rom/16/27.md +++ b/rom/16/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# To the only wise God ... be the glory forever. Amen -* [[en:tw:amen]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] - -## translationNotes - -* This continues the closing statement. (See: [[en:bible:notes:rom:16:25]]) +Here "through Jesus Christ" refers to what Jesus did. To give "glory" means to praise God. AT: "Because of what Jesus Christ has done for us, we will praise forever the one who alone is God and who alone is wise. Amen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/intro.md b/rom/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bbd7db1a08 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Romans 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms a final salutation or greeting for the Christians in Rome. It was common to end a letter in the ancient Near East with this type of personal greeting. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +Because of the personal nature of this chapter, much of the context has been lost to history. This will make translation difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/front/intro.md b/rom/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e4adfe389a --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +# Introduction to Romans # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Romans #### + +1. Paul introduces himself and tells who it is that he is writing to (1:1-15) +1. Paul gives the most important theme of his letter: righteousness by faith in Jesus Christ (1:16-17) +1. Paul writes about how all mankind is condemned by God because of their sin (1:18-3:20) +1. Paul writes about how God offers righteousness only through Jesus Christ by faith in him (3:21-4:25) +1. Paul writes about the fruits of the Spirit (5:1-11) +1. Paul draws an opposite analogy between Adam and Christ (5:12-21) +1. Paul writes about sanctification: becoming like Christ in this life (6:1-8:39) +1. Paul writes about God's plan for Israel (9:1-11:36) +1. Paul gives practical advice for living as Christians (12:1-15:13) +1. Paul's conclusion and greetings (15:14-16:27) + +#### What is the Book of Romans about? #### + +Rome was the most important city in the Mediterranean area at that time. Paul wrote this letter to the Christians in Rome in order to get them ready to receive him as a visitor. He stated his purpose was to "bring about the obedience of faith" (16:26). + +In his letter to the Christians in Rome, Paul writes the fullest description of his understanding of the gospel of Jesus Christ. He explains that God offers everyone his love and acceptance through Jesus Christ. This is true, even though there were at that time deep divisions between Jews and non-Jews. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Romans." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to the Church in Rome," or "A Letter to the Christians in Rome." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Romans? #### + +Paul from the city of Tarsus was the author. He had been known as Saul in his early life, when as a Pharisee he was a determined persecutor of Christians. After he began to trust in Jesus Christ, he made a number of missionary journeys in order to preach the gospel among both Jews and non-Jews living outside the land of Israel. + +He probably wrote this letter while he was staying in the city of Corinth in Greece, on his third missionary journey. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What are the titles used to refer to Jesus? #### + +In Romans, Paul describes Jesus Christ by many titles and descriptions: Jesus Christ (1:1), the Seed of David (1:3), the Son of God (1:4), the Lord Jesus Christ (1:7), Christ Jesus (3:24), Propitiation (3:25), Jesus (3:26), Jesus our Lord (4:24), Lord of Hosts (9:29), a Stumbling Stone and Rock of Offence (9:33), the End of the Law (10:4), the Deliverer (11:26), Lord of the Dead and the Living (14:9), and the Root of Jesse (15:12). + +#### How should theological terms in Romans be translated? #### + +Romans contains many theological terms that do not occur very much in the four gospels. As early Christians thought more about the meaning of Jesus Christ and his message, they realized that they needed words and expressions for new ideas, such as "justification" (5:1), "works of the law" (3:20) and "gospel" (2:16). Other such terms are "righteousness" (1:17), "grace" (1:7), "reconcile" (5:10), "salvation" (1:16), "propitiation" (3:25), "sanctification" (6:19), "glorify" (8:17) and "the old man" (6:6). + +The "key terms" dictionary can help translators understand many of these terms. Also, many of the terms are abstract concepts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +Terms such as those given above are complicated to explain. It is often hard or impossible for translators to find equivalent terms in their own languages. It can help to know that word equivalents of these terms are not necessary. Instead, translators are free to develop any short expressions they can in order to communicate these ideas. For example, the term "gospel" can be translated as "the good news about Jesus Christ." "Grace" can be translated as "God's kind gifts" or "God's acceptance of people," etc. + +Translators should also remember that some of these terms have more than one meaning, depending on the context in which it is used. For example, "righteousness" sometimes signals the idea that a person can perfectly obey God's law. At other times, "righteousness" signals the idea that Jesus Christ has obeyed God's law for us, and that God allows us to share in Christ's obedience. + +#### What does Paul mean by "a remnant" of Israel (11:5)? #### + +The idea of a "remnant" (a few people who have survived a disaster) is important both in the Old Testament and for Paul. Most of the Israelites were either killed or scattered among other people when the Assyrians and then the Babylonians conquered their land. Only a relatively few Jews survived. They were known as "the remnant." + +In 11:1-9, Paul speaks of another remnant. These are the Jews who trusted in Jesus Christ. Because of that, God saved them. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does Paul mean by being "in Christ"? #### + +This kind of expression occurs in 3:24; 6:11, 23; 8:1,2,39; 9:1; 12:5,17; 15:17; and 16:3,7,9,10. Paul uses a metaphor ("in Christ") to express the reality of the Christian believer's relationship to Jesus Christ. In this relationship, the believer is saved, is made into a friend with God, and is promised eternity with him. However, this idea can be difficult to represent in many languages, so translators must become very creative. + +While expressing the believer's relationship to Christ, Paul at the same time often uses phrases such as "in Christ," "in Jesus Christ," and "in the Lord" with more specific meanings that depend on context. For example, in 3:24 ("the redemption that is in Christ Jesus"), Paul refers to the redemption that we have "because" of Jesus Christ. In 8:9 ("you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit"), Paul speaks of the believers' submission "to" the Holy Spirit. In 9:1 ("I tell the truth in Christ"), Paul means that he is telling the truth that "is in agreement with" Jesus Christ. + +Nevertheless, the basic idea of our union with Jesus Christ (and with the Holy Spirit) is evident in these passages as well. This application of a double sense frequently occurs when words of multiple senses appear. Note that even the basic idea of union with Christ Jesus depends on a metaphorical understanding of the preposition "in," which in its concrete sense expresses the idea of physical location. + +Therefore, the translator has a choice in many passages that use "in." He will often decide to represent only the more immediate sense of "in": "by means of," "in the manner of," "in regard to," etc. But if the project language allows the background sense of "in union with" to appear at the same time, the translator may well decide to translate in such a way as to allow that secondary meaning to show. + +#### How are the ideas of "holy," "saints" or "holy ones," and "sanctify" represented in Romans ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, Romans ULB uses the following principles: +* Sometimes the context mainly implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the fact that God views Christians as sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another related fact is that that God is perfect and faultless. A third fact is that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless and faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULB uses "holy," "holy God," "holy ones" or "holy people." (See: 1:7) +* Sometimes the context mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In cases where some other English versions have "saints" or "holy ones," the ULB uses "believers." (See: 8:27; 12:13; 15:25, 26, 31; 16:2, 15) +* Sometimes the context mainly implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "set apart," "dedicated to" or "reserved for." (See: 15:16) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Romans? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Romans: + +* "he [God] works all things together for good" (8:28). Some older versions read, "All things work together for good." +* "But if it is by grace, it is no longer by works. Otherwise grace would no longer be grace." (11:6) The best ancient copies have this reading. However, some versions read: "But if it is by works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work." +* "May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen." (16:24) The best ancient copies do not have this verse. + +Translators are advised not to translate this last passage. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region that have it, it is not wrong to translate it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of Romans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/01.md b/rut/01/01.md index 7ee41e87ab..bc4a8af1a6 100644 --- a/rut/01/01.md +++ b/rut/01/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judgeposition]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +"It was" or "This is what happened." This is a common way of beginning a historical story. -## translationNotes +# in the days when the judges ruled -* **It happened** - "It was" or "This is what happened." This is a common way of beginning a historical story. -* **in the days when the judges ruled** - "during the time when judges led and governed Israel" -* **in the land** - "in the land of Israel". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **a certain man** - "a man." This is a common way of introducing a character into a story. -* **Ephrathites of Bethlehem of Judea** - They were from the tribe of Ephraim who settled at Bethlehem in the region of Judea. +"during the time when judges led and governed Israel" + +# in the land + +This refers to the land of Israel. AT: "in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a certain man + +"a man." This is a common way of introducing a character into a story. + +# Ephrathites of Bethlehem of Judah + +They were people from the tribe of Ephraim who settled at Bethlehem in the region of Judea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/03.md b/rut/01/03.md index 4271915f07..680b6c302d 100644 --- a/rut/01/03.md +++ b/rut/01/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# she was left with her two sons -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] -* [[en:tw:son]] +"Naomi had only her two sons with her" -## translationNotes +# took wives -* **she was left with her two sons** - "Naomi had only her two sons with her" (UDB) -* **took wives** - "married" -* **of the women of Moab** - Naomi's sons married women who were from the tribe of Moab. The Moabites worshiped other gods. -* **the name of one** - "the name of one of the women" -* **the name of the other** - "the name of the other woman" -* **ten years** - Ten years after Elimelek and Naomi came to the country of Moab, their sons Mahalon and Chilon died. -* **leaving Naomi** - Naomi was widowed. +"married women." This is an idiom for marrying women. They did not take women who were already married. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# from the women of Moab + +Naomi's sons married women who were from the tribe of Moab. The Moabites worshiped other gods. + +# the name of one ... the name of the other + +"the name of one woman ... the name of the other woman" + +# ten years + +Ten years after Elimelek and Naomi came to the country of Moab, their sons Mahlon and Kilion died. + +# leaving Naomi + +Naomi was widowed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/06.md b/rut/01/06.md index 94349bfea5..9793e2d23a 100644 --- a/rut/01/06.md +++ b/rut/01/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# she had heard in the region of Moab -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"while Naomi was living in Moab she heard." It is implied that the news came from Israel. AT: "she heard from Israel while in the region of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Yahweh -* **She had heard in the region of Moab** - "While Naomi was living in Moab she heard." -* **had helped his people in need** - This is an idiom that said “visited his people” in the original text. It means that God paid attention to his people, and he saw their need and provided for them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **she left the place where she had been ** - AT: "left the place in Moab where she had been living." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **daughters-in-law** - in-law** - the women who married Naomi's sons. -* **they walked down the road** - "they walked along the road" +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# had helped his people in need + +God saw their need and provided good harvests for them. + +# daughters-in-law + +the women who married Naomi's sons + +# they walked down the road + +"they walked along the road." To walk down a road is an expression for walking away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/08.md b/rut/01/08.md index 3a51ada60c..bc3ecfb638 100644 --- a/rut/01/08.md +++ b/rut/01/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# daughters-in-law -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:raise]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"sons' wives" or "sons' widows" -## translationNotes +# each of you -* **daughters-in-law** - in-law** - "son's wives" or "sons' widows" -* **each of you** - Naomi was talking to two people, so languages that have a dual form of "you" would use that throughout her talk. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_you]]) -* **your mother's house** - AT: "to the home of each of your mothers." -* **shown loyalty** - AT: "demonstrated that you are loyal." -* **loyalty** - The Hebrew word here includes the ideas of love, kindness, and faithfulness. -* **toward the dead** - "to your husbands who died" -* **grant you** - "give you" or "allow you to have" -* **rest** - "Rest" here includes security in marriage. -* **in the house of another husband** - with their new husbands, not someone else's. -* **they raised their voices and cried** - means that they cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **we will return** - When Orpah and Ruth said "we", they were referring to themselves and not Naomi. So languages that have inclusive and exclusive "we" would use the exclusive form here. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_exclusive]]) -* **with you** - "you" used here is the singular form referring to Naomi. +Naomi was talking to two people, so languages that have a dual form of "you" would use that throughout her talk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your mother's house + +"to the home of each of your mothers" + +# shown kindness + +"demonstrated that you are loyal" + +# kindness + +"kindness" includes the ideas of love, kindness, and faithfulness. + +# toward the dead + +"to your husbands, who died." Naomi was referring to her two sons that died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# grant you + +"give you" or "allow you to have" + +# rest + +"Rest" here includes security in marriage. + +# in the house of another husband + +with their new husbands, not someone else's husband. This refers to both a physical house that belongs to the husband, and to the protection from shame by being married. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they raised their voices and cried + +This means that the daughters cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# We will return + +When Orpah and Ruth said "we," they were referring to themselves and not Naomi. So languages that have inclusive and exclusive "we" would use the exclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# with you + +Here "you" is the singular form referring to Naomi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/11.md b/rut/01/11.md index 44f0cbd539..51c4eaa0d0 100644 --- a/rut/01/11.md +++ b/rut/01/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Why will you go with me? -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This is a rhetorical question. AT: "It does not make sense for you to go with me." or "You should not go with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# Do I still have sons in my womb for you, so that they may become your husbands? -* **Why will you go with me? ** - This is a rhetorical question. AT: "It does not make sense for you to go with me" or "You should not go with me". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Do I still have sons in my womb for you, so that they may become your husbands?** - AT: "Obviously it is not possible for me to have any more sons who could become your husbands." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **too old to have a husband** - AT: "too old to marry again and bear more children". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **to conceive** - "become pregnant with." Translate this in a way that is acceptable and does not embarrass people. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **"would you therefore wait till they were grown? Would you wait and not marry men now?** - These are rhetorical questions that do not expect an answer. AT: "No, of course not!" This can also be translated as "you would of course not wait until they were grown up to marry them, nor would you wait to get married again." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **It greatly grieves me** - AT: "that you have no husbands." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **the hand of Yahweh has turned against me** - "Yahweh has caused terrible things to happen to me." The word "hand" is used in a figurative way to refer to Yahweh's power or influence. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Naomi uses this question to say she cannot have other sons for them to marry. AT: "Obviously it is not possible for me to have any more sons who could become your husbands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# too old to have a husband + +The reason a husband would be important can be stated clearly. AT: "too old to marry again and bear more children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# give birth to sons + +"bear children" or "deliver baby boys" + +# would you therefore wait until they were grown? Would you wait and not marry men now? + +These are rhetorical questions, which do not expect an answer. AT: "you would not wait until they were grown up so that you could marry them. You would want to marry men now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It greatly grieves me + +What grieves her can be stated clearly. AT: "It greatly grieves me that you have no husbands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the hand of Yahweh has turned against me + +The word "hand" refers to Yahweh's power or influence. AT: "Yahweh has caused terrible things to happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/14.md b/rut/01/14.md index d0f26647e2..3f45075ad6 100644 --- a/rut/01/14.md +++ b/rut/01/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# lifted up their voices and cried -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] +This means that they cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Listen -* **lifted up their voices and cried ** - This means that they cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Listen** - "Listen" here means "please take notice." -* **Ruth held on to her** - "clung to her." AT: "refused to leave her" or "would not leave her." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **your sister-in-law** - in-law** - "the wife of your husband's brother" or "Orpah" -* **her gods** - Before Orpah & Ruth married Naomi's sons, they worshiped the gods of Moab. During their marriage, they began to worship Naomi's God. +"Listen" here means "Please take notice." + +# Ruth held on to her + +"Ruth clung to her." AT: "Ruth refused to leave her" or "Ruth would not leave her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your sister-in-law + +"the wife of your husband's brother" or "Orpah" + +# her gods + +Before Orpah and Ruth married Naomi's sons, they worshiped the gods of Moab. During their marriage, they began to worship Naomi's God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/16.md b/rut/01/16.md index 6dc5fc3cf8..248ff1a820 100644 --- a/rut/01/16.md +++ b/rut/01/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# where you stay -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"where you live" -## translationNotes +# your people will be my people -* **Where you stay ** - "Where you live" -* **your people will be my people** - "I will consider the people of your country as being my own people" or "I will consider your relatives as my own relatives." -* **May Yahweh punish me, and even more, if** - This was a common Jewish expression that means "I ask God to punish me if I do not do what I say." Many languages have idioms with similar meanings that could be used here. AT: "God forbid!" (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +Ruth is referring to Naomi's people, the Israelites. AT: "I will consider the people of your country as being my own people" or "I will consider your relatives as my own relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Where you die, I will die + +This refers to Ruth's desire to spend the rest of her life living in the same place and town as Naomi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# May Yahweh punish me, and even more, if + +This refers to Ruth asking God to punish her if she does not do what she said like the english idiom "God forbid, if". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# she stopped arguing with her + +"Naomi stopped arguing with Ruth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/19.md b/rut/01/19.md index 67ac2b469c..021b0b7862 100644 --- a/rut/01/19.md +++ b/rut/01/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It happened -* [[en:tw:almighty]] -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"It came about." This is marking a new storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## translationNotes +# the entire town -* **all the town** - "everyone in the town" (UDB) -* **Naomi** - This woman's name means "my delight." -* **Bitter** - This is a translation of the meaning of the name. It is also often translated according to its sound as "Mara." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **I went out full, but Yahweh has brought me home again empty** - When Naomi left Bethlehem, her husband and two sons were living, and she was happy. Naomi blames Yahweh for the death of her husband and sons, saying that he has caused her to return to Bethlehem without them, and now she is bitter and unhappy. -* **condemned me** - “afflicted me” -* **has afflicted me** - “has brought calamity” or “has brought tragedy” +The "town" refer to the people who live there. AT: "everyone in the town" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Is this Naomi? + +Since it has been many years since Naomi lived in Bethlehem and no longer has her husband and two sons, it is likely the women were expressing doubt as to if this woman was actually Naomi. Treat as a real question, not rhetorical. + +# Do not call me Naomi + +The name "Naomi" means "my delight." Since Naomi lost her husband and sons, she no longer feels her life matches her name. + +# Bitter + +This is a translation of the meaning of the name. It is also often translated according to its sound as "Mara." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I went out full, but Yahweh has brought me home again empty + +When Naomi left Bethlehem, her husband and two sons were living, and she was happy. Naomi blames Yahweh for the death of her husband and sons, saying that he has caused her to return to Bethlehem without them, and now she is bitter and unhappy. + +# condemned me + +"judged me guilty" + +# has afflicted me + +"has brought calamity on me" or "has brought tragedy to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/22.md b/rut/01/22.md index 2c971935a2..068a2bae83 100644 --- a/rut/01/22.md +++ b/rut/01/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# So Naomi and Ruth -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] +This begins a summary statement. English marks this by the word "so." Determine how your language marks concluding or summary statements and do the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## translationNotes +# at the beginning of the barley harvest -* **So Naomi and Ruth...** - This is a summary of statement. English marks this by the word "so." Determine how your language marks concluding or summary statements and do the same. -* **at the beginning of the barley harvest** - "when the farmers were just beginning to harvest their barley crop" +The phrase "the barley harvest" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "when the farmers were just beginning to harvest barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/intro.md b/rut/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7549924a1e --- /dev/null +++ b/rut/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Ruth 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "It happened in the days when the judges ruled" ##### +The events of this book occur during the period of Judges. The book is concurrent with the book of Judges. To understand the historical context of the book, the translator may wish to review the book of Judges. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Women without a husband or children ##### +In the ancient Near East, if a woman lacked a husband or sons, she was considered to be in a dire circumstance. She would not have been able to provide for herself. This is why Naomi told her daughters to remarry. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Contrast ##### +The actions of Ruth the Moabite are intended to contrast with the actions of Naomi the Jew. Ruth shows great faith in Naomi's god, while Naomi does not trust in Yahwheh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ruth 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Ruth intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/01.md b/rut/02/01.md index 2faaa0fdc5..9663c4c6a6 100644 --- a/rut/02/01.md +++ b/rut/02/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Now Naomi's husband -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] +This phrase introduces new information before the story continues. Your language may have a way to introduce new information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# a wealthy, influential man -* **And Naomi's husband** - This phrase introduces new information before the story continues. Your language may have a way to introduce new information. -* **a wealthy, influential ** - "a prominent, wealthy man." This means that Boaz was prosperous and well-known in his community, with a good reputation. -* **And Ruth the Moabitess** - Here the story resumes. you need to see how your language restarts a story after a break. -* **the Moabitess** - This is another way of saying the woman was from the country or tribe of Moab. -* **glean among the ears of grain ** - AT: "gather or pick up kernels of grain left behind by the harvesters." -* **ears ** - "heads" or "stalks." The "ears" are the parts of a grain plant that contain the grain. -* **Whose eyes I will find favor** - AT: "Where the owner will grant me permission to glean." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **daughter** - Ruth was caring for Naomi as if she was her own mother. Make sure it is possible in your language to use this word for someone who is not an actual daughter. +"a prominent, wealthy man." This means that Boaz was prosperous and well known in his community, with a good reputation. + +# Ruth, the Moabite woman + +Here the story resumes. You need to see how your language restarts a story after a break. + +# the Moabite woman + +This is another way of saying the woman was from the country or tribe of Moab. + +# glean what remains among the ears of grain + +"gather kernels of grain left behind by the harvesters" or "pick up kernels of grain left behind by the harvesters" + +# ears + +"heads" or "stalks." The "ears" are the parts of a grain plant that contain the grain. + +# in whose eyes I will find favor + +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Ruth speaks of gaining someone's favor as gaining permission or approval. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts and judgement. AT: "who will grant me permission to glean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# daughter + +Ruth was caring for Naomi as if she were her own mother. Make sure it is possible in your language to use this word for someone who is not an actual daughter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/03.md b/rut/02/03.md index b2efe7ac9d..c50712f41e 100644 --- a/rut/02/03.md +++ b/rut/02/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# She happened to come -* [[en:tw:bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Ruth was not aware that the field she picked to glean in belonged to Naomi's relative Boaz. -## translationNotes +# Behold, Boaz -* **Behold, Boaz** - The word "behold" alerts us to the important event of Boaz arriving at the field. Your language may also have a specific way of introducing important events or characters. -* **bless you** - AT: "grant good things to you" or "make you happy." +The word "behold" alerts us to the important event of Boaz arriving at the field. Your language may also have a specific way of introducing important events or characters. + +# came from Bethlehem + +The fields were an unspecified distance outside of Bethlehem. + +# bless you + +"give you good things" or "make you happy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/05.md b/rut/02/05.md index 7b3a5c8e68..6a1ba80557 100644 --- a/rut/02/05.md +++ b/rut/02/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# What man does this young woman belong to? -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Possible meanings are 1) Boaz was asking about Ruth's husband or 2) Boaz was asking about Ruth's parents or current guardians. -## translationNotes +# supervising -* **what man does this young woman belong to?** - Boaz was asking whose family Ruth belonged to. -* **supervising** - AT: "in charge of" or "managing." -* **house** - "hut" or "shelter." This was a temporary shelter or garden hut in the field that provided shade from the sun. +"in charge of" or "managing" + +# house + +"hut" or "shelter." This was a temporary shelter or garden hut in the field that provided shade from the sun. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/08.md b/rut/02/08.md index be4165ac16..943c7efc9e 100644 --- a/rut/02/08.md +++ b/rut/02/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Are you listening to me, my daughter -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] +This can be reworded as a command. AT: "Listen to me, my daughter!" or "Note well what I am telling you, my daughter!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## translationNotes +# my daughter -* **Are you listening to me** - AT: "Listen to me" or "Note well what I am telling you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **my daughter** - This was a way of respectfully and kindly addressing a younger woman. Ruth was not the actual daughter of Boaz, so make sure the translation of this does not make it sound like she was. -* **Keep your eyes only on** - AT: "Pay attention to" or "Do not worry about anything else but." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Haven't I instructed the men ** - AT: "I have instructed the young men." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **men** - "young male workers." This term is used three times to refer to the young men who are harvesting in the field. Some languages can say this using one word and they have a different word that means young women workers. -* **drawn** - To "draw water" means to pull up water from a well or to take it out of a storage vessel. +This was a kind way of addressing a younger woman. Ruth was not the actual daughter of Boaz, so make sure the translation of this does not make it sound like she was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Keep your eyes only on the field + +The eyes represent watching something or paying attention to something. AT: "Watch only the field" or "Pay attention only to the field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Have I not instructed the men ... you? + +Boaz used this question to emphasize what he had already done to help Ruth. AT: "I have given the men strict instructions ... you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# men ... the other women + +"young male workers ... young female workers." The word "men" is used three times to refer to the young men who are harvesting in the field. Some languages can say this using one word, and they have a different word that means young women workers. + +# not to touch you + +Possible meanings are 1) the men were not to harm Ruth or 2) the men were not to stop her from gleaning in his field. + +# the water that the men have drawn + +To draw water means to pull up water from a well or to take it out of a storage vessel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/10.md b/rut/02/10.md index 8b2d5040c8..1ce3de39e2 100644 --- a/rut/02/10.md +++ b/rut/02/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# she bowed down before Boaz, touching her head to the ground -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:receive]] -* [[en:tw:report]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These are acts of respect and reverence. She was showing honor to Boaz out of gratefulness for what he had done for her. It was also a posture of humility. -## translationNotes +# Why have I found such favor ... a foreigner? -* **she bowed down before Boaz, touching her head to the ground ** - These are acts of respect and reverence. She was showing honor to Boaz out of gratefulness for what he had done for her. It was also a posture of humility. -* **foreigner** - Ruth had pledged her loyalty to the God of Israel in private, but she was known publicly as "the Moabitess." -* **It has been reported to me** - AT: "People have reported to me" or "People have told me." The phrase emphasizes the certainty of the statement. -* **reward you** - “repay you” or "pay you back" -* **May you receive full payment from Yahweh** - This is a poetic expression that is very similar to the previous sentence. AT: "May Yahweh give back to you even more than you have given." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **under whose wings you have found refuge** - Boaz uses the picture of a mother bird gathering her chicks under her wings to protect them to describe God's protection for those who trust in him. AT: "in whose safe care you have placed yourself." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Ruth is asking a real question. + +# foreigner + +Ruth had pledged her loyalty to the God of Israel in private, but she was known publicly as "the Moabitess." + +# It has been reported to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People have reported to me" or "People have told me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to come to a people + +Boaz is referring to Ruth coming to dwell with Naomi in a village and community, a country, and religion she did not know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# reward you + +"repay you" or "pay you back" + +# for your deed + +This is an act of faith, choosing to live with Naomi in Bethlehem and trusting Naomi's God. + +# May you receive full payment from Yahweh + +This is a poetic expression that is very similar to the previous sentence. AT: "May Yahweh give back to you even more than you have given" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# under whose wings you have found refuge + +Boaz uses the picture of a mother bird gathering her chicks under her wings to protect them, in order to describe God's protection for those who trust in him. AT: "in whose safe care you have placed yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/13.md b/rut/02/13.md index 597f0117cf..20dad43171 100644 --- a/rut/02/13.md +++ b/rut/02/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# Let me find favor in your eyes -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +Here "find favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "Please accept me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# I am not one of your female servants -* **let me find favor in your sight** - "let me receive grace from you" or "please accept me" +Possible meanings are 1) Ruth was not one of Boaz's female servants or 2) Ruth did not think her marriage to Naomi's son granted her any privilege in Bethlehem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/14.md b/rut/02/14.md index 8833f7e136..cc9466485e 100644 --- a/rut/02/14.md +++ b/rut/02/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# At mealtime -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:bread]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:reap]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +This refers to the noontime meal. -## translationNotes +# dip your morsel in the wine vinegar -* **at mealtime** - This refers to the noontime meal. -* **dip your morsel in the wine vinegar** - This was a simple meal eaten in the field. People would sit on the ground around a cloth that had a bowl of wine vinegar (see next note) and plates of broken bread on it. They would dip their bread in the vinegar bowl to wet it and add flavor before they ate it. -* **wine vinegar** - a sauce that bread was dipped in. The Israelites further fermented some of their wine to make vinegar. +This was a simple meal eaten in the field. People would sit on the ground around a cloth that had a bowl of wine vinegar on it and plates of broken bread. They would dip their bread in the vinegar bowl to wet it and add flavor before they ate it. + +# wine vinegar + +a sauce that bread was dipped in. The Israelites further fermented some of their wine to make vinegar. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/15.md b/rut/02/15.md index 0706808957..b0f3e6b020 100644 --- a/rut/02/15.md +++ b/rut/02/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# As she got up to gather up grain, Boaz commanded his young men -* [[en:tw:Boaz]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] +In the context of the commands, it is likely that Ruth was far enough away not to hear Boaz's instructions. AT: "And when Ruth got up to gather up grain, Boaz privately told his young men" -## translationNotes +# As she got up -* **When she got up to glean, Boaz commanded his young men** - In the context of the commands, it is likely that Ruth was far enough away not to hear Boaz's instructions. AT: "And when Ruth got up to glean, Boaz privately told his young men." -* **even among the sheaves** - "even" here denotes "above and beyond what one normally does." Boaz instructs his workers to let Ruth glean around the bundles of grain. People who were gleaning were normally forbidden from working that close to the harvested grain. -* **pull out some sheaves for her from the bundles** - AT: "take some stalks of grain out of the bundles and leave it for her" or "intentionally leave behind stalks of grain for her to collect." -* **do not rebuke** - AT: "do not cause her shame" or "do not dishonor her." +"As she stood up" + +# even among the bundles + +Here "even" denotes "above and beyond what one normally does." Boaz instructs his workers to let Ruth glean around the bundles of grain. People who were gleaning were normally forbidden from working that close to the harvested grain. + +# pull out for her some ears of grain from the bundles + +"take some stalks of grain out of the bundles and leave them for her" or "leave behind stalks of grain for her to collect" + +# do not rebuke her + +"do not cause her shame" or "do not dishonor her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/17.md b/rut/02/17.md index 38adce45fd..eeb1fd4d04 100644 --- a/rut/02/17.md +++ b/rut/02/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# beat out -* [[en:tw:Ruth]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] +She separated the edible part of the grain from the hull and stalk, which is thrown away. -## translationNotes +# ears of grain -* **beat out** - "threshed." This is the process of separating the edible part of the grain from the hull and stalk that must be thrown away. -* **about an ephah of barley** - "about 13 kilos of barley" (See: [[:en:obe:other:biblicalvolume]]) -* **her mother-in-law saw** - in-law saw** - "Naomi saw" +This refers to the eatable part of the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# about an ephah of barley + +An ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters. AT: "about 22 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# She lifted it up and went into the city + +It is implied that Ruth carried the grain home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# her mother-in-law saw + +"Naomi saw" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/19.md b/rut/02/19.md index 03860b3362..6592c4d2d1 100644 --- a/rut/02/19.md +++ b/rut/02/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Where have you gleaned today? Where did you go to work? -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Naomi said almost the same thing in two different ways to show that she was very interested in knowing what had happened to Ruth that day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# he be blessed by Yahweh -* **"Where have you gleaned today. Where did you go to work?** - The Hebrews often repeated thing in different words as a way of emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **who not left off his loyalty** - "has continued to be loyal." Boaz remembered his obligations to Naomi as a family member. But here, Naomi is probably referring to Yahweh, who was acting through Boaz in order to show his favor and kindness to them in their need. -* **to the living** - "to the people who are still living." Naomi and Ruth were the "living." -* **the dead** - "the people who have already died." Naomi's husband and sons were the "dead." -* **near kin to us, one of our kinsmen-redeemers** - redeemers** - The second phrase repeats and expands the first. This is a Hebrew style of emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **kinsmen-redeemers** - redeemers** - A kinsman-redeemer was a close male relative that could rescue a childless widow from financial ruin by marrying her and having a child with her. He would also reacquire the land his relatives had lost due to poverty and redeem family members who had sold themselves into slavery. +Naomi is asking God to reward Boaz for his kindness to Ruth and herself. + +# who has not left off his loyalty + +"who has continued to be loyal." Possible meanings are 1) Boaz remembered his obligations to Naomi as a family member or 2) Naomi is referring to Yahweh, who was acting through Boaz or 3) Yahweh has continued to be faithful to the living and the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# to the living + +"to the people who are still living." Naomi and Ruth were the "living." + +# the dead + +Naomi's husband and sons were the "dead." This can be stated differently to remove the nominal adjective "the dead." AT: "the people who have already died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# near of kin to us, one of our kinsman-redeemers + +The second phrase repeats and expands the first. This is a Hebrew style of emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# kinsman-redeemers + +A kinsman-redeemer was a close male relative who could rescue a childless widow from financial ruin by marrying her and having a child with her. He would also reacquire the land his relatives had lost due to poverty and redeem family members who had sold themselves into slavery. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/21.md b/rut/02/21.md index 5d79e44c92..d041c04963 100644 --- a/rut/02/21.md +++ b/rut/02/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Indeed, he said to me -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] +"He even said to me." This indicates that what follows is the most important part of Boaz's words to Ruth. -## translationNotes +# keep close to my young men -* **Indeed, he said to me** - "he even said to me." This indicates that what follows is the most important part of Boaz's words to Ruth. -* **go out with** - "work with" -* **come to harm** - Possible meanings are 1) other workers might abuse Ruth physically or sexually or 2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning until the end of the harvest. +Boaz was referring to the physical protection his men can provide her. + +# go out with + +"work with" + +# come to harm + +Possible meanings are 1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to seize her and sleep with her or 2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning until the end of the harvest. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/23.md b/rut/02/23.md index 005bcc9b77..3b1cbecf65 100644 --- a/rut/02/23.md +++ b/rut/02/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# she stayed close -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:glean]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:harvest]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] +Ruth worked in Boaz's fields with his workers during the day, so she would be safe. -## translationNotes +# She lived with her mother-in-law -* **she stayed close** - Ruth worked in Boaz fields with his workers during the day so she would be safe. -* **And she was living with her mother-in-law** - in-law** - Ruth went to Naomi's home to sleep at night. +Ruth went to Naomi's home to sleep at night. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/intro.md b/rut/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c523ffb178 --- /dev/null +++ b/rut/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ruth 02 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Do not go and glean in another field" ##### +Boaz said this because he could not guarantee their safety in another person's field. It is assumed that not everyone was as gracious and obedient to the law of Moses as Boaz. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ruth 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/01.md b/rut/03/01.md index 1a3ec8de33..8ce91fa7f4 100644 --- a/rut/03/01.md +++ b/rut/03/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# mother-in-law -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] -* [[en:tw:winnow]] +Naomi is the mother of Ruth's dead husband. -## translationNotes +# My daughter -* **mother-in-law** - in-law** - Naomi is the mother of Ruth's dead husband. -* **my daughter** - Ruth became Naomi's daughter by marrying her son and by her actions in caring for Naomi after returning to Bethlehem. -* **should I not seek a place for you** - AT: "I must look for a place for you" or "I must find a husband to care for you." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **is he not our kinsman?** - AT: "He is certainly our relative." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Look** - This term indicates that the following statement is very important. +Ruth became Naomi's daughter by marrying her son and further by her actions in caring for Naomi after returning to Bethlehem. + +# should I not seek a place for you? + +Naomi used this question to tell Ruth what she planned to do. AT: "I must look for a place for you!" or "I must find a husband to care for you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a place for you to rest + +Possible meanings are 1) literally in finding a house for her to live in or 2) figuratively in finding a husband to care for her. Naomi probably had both senses in mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# female workers you have been with + +The translation can make explicit that she was working in the fields with these female workers. AT: "female workers you have been with in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# is he not our kinsman? + +Naomi probably used this question to remind Ruth of something she had already told her. AT: "he is our relative." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Look + +This term indicates that the following statement is very important. + +# winnowing + +To winnow means to separate grain from the unwanted chaff by tossing both the grain and chaff into the air, allowing the wind to blow the chaff away. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/03.md b/rut/03/03.md index bcdb5651e7..9948656087 100644 --- a/rut/03/03.md +++ b/rut/03/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# anoint yourself -* [[en:tw:Ruth]] -* [[en:tw:clean]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:thresh]] +This is probably a reference to rubbing sweet-smelling oil on oneself, much as women put on perfume today. -## translationNotes +# go down to the threshing floor -* **uncover his feet** - to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet so that they would be exposed to the cold. -* **Lie down there** - "lie down at his feet" -* **Then he will tell you what to do.** - The specific custom of that time is unclear, but this is usually understood as culturally acceptable way for a woman to tell a man that she was willing to marry him. Boaz would understand the custom and accept or reject her offer. -* **Then he will** - "When he wakes up, he will" +This refers to leaving the city and heading to the threshing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# uncover his feet + +This means to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet so that they would be exposed to the cold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# lie down there + +"lie down at his feet" + +# Then he will tell you what to do + +The specific custom of that time is unclear, but this is usually understood as a culturally acceptable way for a woman to tell a man that she was willing to marry him. Boaz would understand the custom and accept or reject her offer. + +# Then he will + +"When he wakes up, he will" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/06.md b/rut/03/06.md index d3b8423903..ba9e04c625 100644 --- a/rut/03/06.md +++ b/rut/03/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# his heart was merry -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] +Here Boaz is referred to by his heart. It does not imply Boaz was overly drunk. AT: "he was satisfied" or "he was in a good mood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# she came softly -* **his heart was merry** - "he was satisfied" or "he was in a good mood." It does not imply Boaz was drunk. -* **she came softly** - "she sneaked in" or "she came in quietly so no one would hear her" -* **uncovered his feet** - "removed his blanket from his feet" -* **lay down** - "lay down at his feet" +"she sneaked in" or "she came in quietly so no one would hear her" + +# uncovered his feet + +"removed his blanket from his feet" + +# lay down + +"lay down at his feet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/08.md b/rut/03/08.md index 791fe224be..e678c395c0 100644 --- a/rut/03/08.md +++ b/rut/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# It came about -* [[en:tw:Ruth]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## translationNotes +# at midnight -* **It came about ** - This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -* **at midnight** - "in the middle of the night" -* **was startled** - It is not clear what startled Boaz. Perhaps he suddenly felt the cold air on his feet. -* **a woman was lying at his feet** - The woman was Ruth, but Boaz could not recognize her in the darkness. -* **your female servant** - Ruth spoke with humility to Boaz. -* **Spread your cloak over** - This was a cultural Idiom for marriage. AT: "marry me." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **near kinsman** - a close relative with special responsibilities toward their extended family. +"in the middle of the night" + +# was startled + +It is not clear what startled Boaz. Perhaps he suddenly felt the cold air on his feet. + +# He turned over + +He looked to see what startled him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a woman was lying at his feet + +The woman was Ruth, but Boaz could not recognize her in the darkness. + +# your female servant + +Ruth spoke with humility to Boaz. + +# Spread your cloak over your female servant + +This was a cultural idiom for marriage. AT: "Marry me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# near kinsman + +a close relative with special responsibilities toward their extended family \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/10.md b/rut/03/10.md index 2860cbc885..ab8bf5538d 100644 --- a/rut/03/10.md +++ b/rut/03/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# my daughter -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Boaz used this expression as a sign of respect toward Ruth as a younger woman. -## translationNotes +# more kindness in the latter end than at the beginning -* **my daughter** - Boaz used this expression as a sign of respect towards Ruth as a younger woman. -* **more kindness in the latter end than at the beginning** - "even more kindness now than before" -* **more kindness in the later end** - This refers to Ruth asking Boaz to marry her. By marrying Naomi's relative, Ruth would provide for Naomi and demonstrate great kindness to Naomi. -* **because you have not gone after ** - "instead of goin after." Ruth could have ignored Naomi's need and looked for a husband for herself outside of Naomi's relatives. -* **at the beginning** - This refers to the way Ruth had earlier provided for her mother-in-law by staying with her and gleaning grain for food for them. +"even more kindness now than before" + +# more kindness in the latter end + +This refers to Ruth asking Boaz to marry her. By marrying Naomi's relative, Ruth would provide for Naomi and demonstrate great kindness to Naomi. + +# at the beginning + +This refers to the way Ruth had earlier provided for her mother-in-law by staying with her and gleaning grain for food for them. + +# because you have not gone after + +"you have not pursued marriage with." Ruth could have ignored Naomi's need and looked for a husband for herself outside of Naomi's relatives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/12.md b/rut/03/12.md index afbe6dbc53..9a39f05cfa 100644 --- a/rut/03/12.md +++ b/rut/03/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# kinsman nearer than I -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It was the duty of the closest male relative to help the widow. -## translationNotes +# if he will perform for you the duty of a kinsman -* **kinsman nearer than I** - It was the duty of the closest male relative to help the widow. -* **do the duty of a kinsman** - The duty of a kinsman is to marry the widow and father children for their dead relative. -* **by the life of Yahweh** - "as surely as Yahweh lives." This was a common form of a Hebrew vow. +Boaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth's dead husband would marry her and help carry on his family name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by the life of Yahweh + +"as surely as Yahweh lives." This was a common Hebrew vow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/14.md b/rut/03/14.md index 87423c1188..2a4dd97013 100644 --- a/rut/03/14.md +++ b/rut/03/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# she lay at his feet -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Ruth slept at Boaz' feet. They did not have sex. -## translationNotes +# before anyone could recognize another person -* **before anyone could recognize another person** - AT: "while it was still dark." -* **shawl** - a piece of cloth worn over the shoulders. -* **six large measures of barley** - The actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Some think it was about 30 kilograms. -* **put it on her** - The amount of grain was so great that Ruth needed help picking it up to carry it. -* **Then he went into the city** - Most manuscripts have "he went," but some have "she went". English versions are divided. The preferred choice is "he went." +This time of day can be spoken of in terms of darkness. AT: "while it was still dark" + +# shawl + +a piece of cloth worn over the shoulders + +# six large measures of barley + +The actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Some think it was about 30 kilograms. + +# put the load on her + +The amount of grain was so great that Ruth needed help picking it up to carry it. + +# Then he went into the city + +Most ancient copies have "he went," but some have "she went." There are English versions with both. The better choice is "he went." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/16.md b/rut/03/16.md index 0419d1d25a..7c0a2e0119 100644 --- a/rut/03/16.md +++ b/rut/03/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# How did you do, my daughter? -* [[en:tw:grain]] +What Ruth meant by this question can be made more clear. AT: "What happened, my daughter?" or "How did Boaz act toward you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# all that the man had done -* **How did you do? ** - AT: "How did it go?" or "What happened?" -* **do not go empty** - "do not go empty-handed" or "do not go with nothing" -* **finished this thing** - This refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi's property and marry Ruth. +"all that Boaz had done" + +# Do not go empty + +"Do not go empty-handed" or "Do not go with nothing" or "Be sure to take something" + +# finished this thing + +This refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi's property and marry Ruth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/intro.md b/rut/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ddd6f4bc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/rut/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Ruth 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Boaz's integrity ##### +Boaz showed great integrity in this chapter by not having sexual relations with Ruth. He was also concerned with how people would see Ruth if they caught her in this position. Boaz's character is important for this story. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "So that things may go well for you" ##### +Naomi attempted to make Ruth desirable to Boaz so that he would want to marry her. Even though she was a Gentile by birth, Boaz could marry her because she was, by marriage, Naomi's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ruth 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/01.md b/rut/04/01.md index ccee8b5872..03f08af00e 100644 --- a/rut/04/01.md +++ b/rut/04/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# gate -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] +"gate of the city" or "gate of Bethlehem." This was the main entrance to the walled town of Bethlehem. There was an open area by the gate that was used as a meeting place to discuss community matters. -## translationNotes +# the near kinsman -* **gate** - "gate of the city" or "gate of Bethlehem." This was the main entrance to the walled town of Bethlehem. There was an open area by the gate which was used as a meeting place to discuss community matters. -* **elders of the city** - "leaders of the city" +This was the closest living relative to Elimelek. + +# elders of the city + +"leaders of the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/03.md b/rut/04/03.md index 21e513648f..cf7804efed 100644 --- a/rut/04/03.md +++ b/rut/04/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Naomi ... is selling the parcel of land -* [[en:tw:Moab]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +It was the responsibility of the kinsman to buy back his relative's land and to care for his family. In this case, it meant the man must buy Naomi's land, marry Ruth, and care for Naomi. -## translationNotes +# in the presence of -* **Naomi...is selling the parcel of land** - It was the responsibility of the kinsman to his relative's land and to care for his family. In this case, it meant the man must buy Naomi's land, marry Ruth, and care for Naomi. -* **in the presence of** - This would make the transaction legal and binding. -* **Redeem it** - This meant to buy the land to keep it within their family. -* **I am after you** - Boaz was the next kinsman in line to redeem the land. +This would make the transaction legal and binding. + +# redeem it + +This meant to buy the land to keep it within their family. + +# I am after you + +Boaz was the next kinsman in line to redeem the land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/05.md b/rut/04/05.md index 4aa4012f2d..7a5c9d6789 100644 --- a/rut/04/05.md +++ b/rut/04/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# On the day that you buy ... you must also -* [[en:tw:Boaz]] -* [[en:tw:Moab]] -* [[en:tw:Ruth]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +Boaz uses this expression to inform his relative of the additional responsibility he will have if he buys the land. -## translationNotes +# from the hand of Naomi -* **On the day that you buy…you must also** - Boaz uses this expression to inform his relative of the additional responsibility he will have if he buys the land. -* **from the hand of Naomi** - AT: "from the ownership of Naomi." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Ruth…wife of the dead man** - "Ruth…the widow of Elimelech's son" -* **to raise up the name of the dead** - "that she may have a son to inherit the property and carry on the name of her dead husband" (UDB) -* **damaging my own inheritance** - He would have to give some his own wealth to the children that Ruth may bear. -* **You take my right of redemption** - "You redeem it yourself" or "You redeem it instead of me" +Here the word "hand" represents Naomi, who owns the field. AT: "from Naomi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you must also take Ruth + +"you must also marry Ruth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ruth ... the widow of a dead man + +"Ruth ... the widow of Elimelek's son" + +# to raise up the name of the dead + +"that she may have a son to inherit the property and carry on the name of her dead husband" + +# damaging my own inheritance + +He would have to give some of his own wealth to the children that Ruth might bear. + +# You take my right of redemption for yourself + +"You redeem it yourself" or "You yourself redeem it instead of me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/07.md b/rut/04/07.md index 3d4aa99f68..190c55e239 100644 --- a/rut/04/07.md +++ b/rut/04/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Now this was the custom -* [[en:tw:Boaz]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:redeem]] +The writer of the book explains of the custom of exchange during the time of Ruth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# in former times -* **Now this was the custom...** - The writer of the book inserts an explanation of the custom for the readers. -* **from former times** - "from earlier times." This implies that the customs had changed from when the story took place until the book was written. -* **shoe** - "sandal" -* **his neighbor** - This refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. +"in earlier times." This implies that the customs had changed from when the story took place until the book was written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# shoe + +"sandal" + +# his neighbor + +This refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. In this situation the near kinsman gave Boaz his shoe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/09.md b/rut/04/09.md index 511cd4941d..e5771d38e7 100644 --- a/rut/04/09.md +++ b/rut/04/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# to the elders and to all the people -* [[en:tw:Boaz]] -* [[en:tw:Moab]] -* [[en:tw:Ruth]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] +This refers to all the people who were present at the meeting place, not to everyone in the town. -## translationNotes +# all that was Elimelek's and all that was Kilion's and Mahlon's -* **to the elders and to all the people** - This refers to all the people who were present at the meeting place, not to everyone in the town. -* **all that was Elimelech's and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's** - This refers to all the land and possessions of Naomi's dead husband and sons. -* **raise up the name of the dead man** - The first son that Ruth bore would be legally considered Mahlon's son and would inherit the land that Boaz bought from Naomi. -* **so that his name will not be cut off** - AT: "so that he will not be left without a descendant." -* **from the gate of his place** - "among the people of his hometown of Bethlehem" +This refers to all the land and possessions of Naomi's dead husband and sons. + +# from the hand of Naomi + +The hand of Naomi represents Naomi. She was responsible for the money exchange. AT: "from Naomi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in order that I might raise up the name of the dead man on his inheritance + +The first son that Ruth bore would be legally considered Mahlon's son and would inherit the land that Boaz bought from Naomi. AT: "so that I might give her a son who will inherit the dead man's property" + +# so that his name will not be cut off from among his brothers and from the gate of his place + +Being forgotten is spoken of as if one's name were being cut off from a list of people who had lived earlier. AT: "so that he will not be forgotten by his brothers' descendants and the people of this town" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the gate of his place + +The gate of the town is where important legal decisions were made, such as decisions about who owns a piece of land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/11.md b/rut/04/11.md index 2029498261..34cac80a29 100644 --- a/rut/04/11.md +++ b/rut/04/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# people who were in the gate -* [[en:tw:Bethlehem]] -* [[en:tw:Israel]] -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:witness]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"people who were meeting together near the gate" -## translationNotes +# come into your house -* **people who were in the gate** - "people that were meeting together near the gate" -* **like Rachel and like Leah** - These were the two wives of Jacob whose name was changed to Israel. -* **Built up the house of Israel** - "bore many children that became the nation of Israel" -* **may you prosper in Ephrathath** - Ephrathath is the name of the clan to which Boaz belonged in Bethlehem. -* **May your house be like…** - God abundantly blessed Judah through his son Perez. The people were asking God to bless Boaz in a similar way through Ruth's children. -* **Tamar bore to Judah** - Tamar was also a widow. Judah fathered a son with her, which continued the family name. -* **through the offspring that Yahweh will give you** - Yahweh would give Boaz children through Ruth. +This has literal and figurative meaning. As Ruth marries Boaz, she will move into his house. House can also refer to becoming part of Boaz's family by being his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like Rachel and Leah + +These were the two wives of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel. + +# built up the house of Israel + +"bore many children who became the nation of Israel" + +# may you prosper in Ephrathah + +Ephrathah is the name of the clan to which Boaz belonged in Bethlehem. + +# May your house be like + +God abundantly blessed Judah through his son Perez. The people were asking God to bless Boaz in a similar way through Ruth's children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Tamar bore to Judah + +Tamar was also a widow. Judah fathered a son with her, which continued the family name. + +# through the offspring that Yahweh will give you + +Yahweh would give Boaz children through Ruth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/13.md b/rut/04/13.md index 7a2d728c2d..3899f5b681 100644 --- a/rut/04/13.md +++ b/rut/04/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Boaz took Ruth -* [[en:tw:boaz]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:kin]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:ruth]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +"Boaz married Ruth" or "Boaz took Ruth as a wife" -## translationNotes +# He slept with her -* **Boaz took Ruth ** - "Boaz married Ruth" or "Boaz took Ruth as a wife" -* **he slept with her ** - This is a polite way of saying that Boaz and Ruth had sexual relations. Many languages have acceptable ways of expressing this. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **let his name be famous** - This refers to the reputation and character of Naomi's grandson. -* **a restorer of life** - This phrase probably refers to how Naomi will again experience joy and hope in her life as a result of having a new grandson. AT: "one who bring joy to you again" or "He will make you feel young again" (UDB). -* **a nourisher of your old age** - "he will take care of you when you become old" (UDB) -* **better to you than seven sons** - "Seven" was the Hebrew number of completeness. Naomi's sons both died before they produced any offspring, but Ruth bore a grandson to Naomi by Boaz. AT: "better to you than any son." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +This is a euphemism that refers to having sexual intercourse. AT: "He had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# who has not left you today without a near kinsman + +This phrase can be expressed positively. AT: "who has provided you today with a near kinsman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# May his name be famous + +This refers to the reputation and character of Naomi's grandson. + +# a restorer of life + +This phrase probably refers to how Naomi will again experience joy and hope in her life as a result of having a new grandson. AT: "one who brings joy to you again" or "one who will make you feel young again" + +# a nourisher of your old age + +"he will take care of you when you become old" + +# better to you than seven sons + +"Seven" was the Hebrew number of completeness. Naomi's sons both died before they produced any offspring, but Ruth bore a grandson to Naomi by Boaz. AT: "better to you than any son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/16.md b/rut/04/16.md index e5e3566d50..18c0eb874a 100644 --- a/rut/04/16.md +++ b/rut/04/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Naomi took the child -* [[en:tw:David]] -* [[en:tw:Jesse]] -* [[en:tw:name]] +This refers to Naomi holding the child. Make sure it does not sound like she took him away from Ruth. -## translationNotes +# laid him in her bosom -* **Naomi took the child** - This refers to Naomi holding the child. Make sure it does not sound like she took him away from Ruth. -* **laid him in her bosom** - "held him close against her chest." This is a statement of love and affection for the child. -* **A son has been born to Naomi ** - "The child is like a son to Naomi." It was understood that the child was Naomi's grandson, not her physical son. -* **father of David** - "father of King David". Though "king" is not stated, it was clear to the original audience that David was the King David. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"held him close against her chest." This is a statement of love and affection for the child. + +# A son has been born to Naomi + +"The child is like a son to Naomi." It was understood that the child was Naomi's grandson, not her physical son. + +# father of David + +"father of King David." Though "king" is not stated, it was clear to the original audience that David was King David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/18.md b/rut/04/18.md index 7ae3829ec9..d7037a7c95 100644 --- a/rut/04/18.md +++ b/rut/04/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# the descendants of Perez -* [[en:tw:Boaz]] -* [[en:tw:David]] -* [[en:tw:Jesse]] -* [[en:tw:generation]] +"the successive descendants." Because it was mentioned earlier that Perez was the son of Judah, the writer continues listing the family line that came from Perez. -## translationNotes +# Hezron ... Ram -* **the descendants of Perez** - "the successive descendants." Since it was mentioned earlier that Perez was the son of Judah, the writer continues listing the family line that came from Perez. -* **Hezron…Ram…** - (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/intro.md b/rut/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..604a4b6e5a --- /dev/null +++ b/rut/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ruth 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King David ##### +Despite being a Moabitess, Ruth became an ancestor of David. David was Israel's greatest king. It is shocking a Gentile would become a part of such an important lineage. She had great faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "You must also take Ruth the Moabitess" ##### +Because Naomi had no son, her daughter-in-law Ruth needed to be provided for. Therefore, the relative who wanted to use her land had to also help Ruth to have a son who would come to provide for her. + +##### "This was the custom in former times" ##### +This is a comment made by the writer of the text. He functions as a narrator in this instance. It indicates that there was a considerable period of time between the events that occurred and the time they were written down. +## Links: ## + +* __[Ruth 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/front/intro.md b/rut/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c645bf490d --- /dev/null +++ b/rut/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +# Introduction to Ruth # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Ruth #### + +1. Naomi and Elimelek leave Bethlehem and go to Moab (1:1–5) +1. Orpah leaves for Moab but Ruth chooses to stay with Naomi (1:6–18) +1. Naomi and Ruth return to Bethlehem (1:19–22) +1. Boaz helps Ruth (2:1–23) +1. Boaz begins to assume responsibility for Ruth, but seeks to follow the rules of the "kinsman-redeemer," (3:1–18) +1. Boaz becomes the "kinsman-redeemer" by buying the field owned by Naomi and taking Ruth as his wife (4:1–16) +1. The birth of Ruth's son with Boaz and the genealogy of Obed (4:17–22) + +#### What is the Book of Ruth about? #### + +This book tells how Ruth, a non-Israelite woman from the land of Moab, came to join the people of Yahweh. The book also explains how Ruth became an ancestor of King David. + +In this account, the reader finds the blessings that came when God's people faithfully followed his covenant. The story of Ruth has many lessons about faith, fidelity, self-sacrifice, and integrity. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators should use a self-explanatory title such as, "The Book about Ruth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### When did the events in the Book of Ruth occur? #### + +The story of Ruth is set during the time when there were "judges" in Israel. These were leaders over Israel or parts of Israel both in time of war and in time of peace. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## +#### Why does Scripture include a book about a woman from the foreign land of Moab? #### + +In a period when Israel is often unfaithful to Yahweh, Yahweh finds a woman from Moab who displays great faith in him. The Israelites' frequent lack of faith in Yahweh is contrasted with the faith of one of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]]) + +#### What important marriage custom is found in the Book of Ruth? #### + +Israelites practiced what is called "levirate marriage." This was a custom for the closest male relative to provide for a childless widow by marrying her. Any children coming from this union were to be regarded as children of the dead man, so that his line of descendants would continue. If the closest relative did not marry the woman, another relative could. + +#### What was a "kinsman-redeemer"? #### + +A person's close relative or relatives were expected to act as "kinsmen-redeemers" for him or her. They had the responsibility of providing for their relative who was in need, such as the widow Ruth. In other situations, they had the responsibility of taking revenge on anyone who dared to injure or kill one of their relatives. In the Book of Ruth, Boaz is one such kinsman-redeemer. + +#### What was gleaning in the Book of Ruth? #### + +There was a practice instituted in the law of Moses called gleaning. Gleaning occurred when very poor people were allowed to follow after the men who harvested a field. These "gleaners" picked up sheaves of grain that the harvesters missed or dropped by accident. In this way, poor people were able to find some food for themselves. Ruth became a gleaner in a field belonging to Boaz. + +#### What is the concept of covenant faith or covenant loyalty? #### + +This concept, which is very important in the Book of Ruth, is what parties in God's covenant with Israel were expected to have for each other: faithfulness and, therefore, even mercy and love. God promised that he would act in faithfulness and love for the Israelites, and the Israelites were to do the same toward him and toward each other. + +In the Book of Ruth, the obligations of kinsmen-redeemers to their relatives are shown to be part of the obligations in God's covenant with Israel. The story of Boaz, Ruth and Naomi gives good examples to all of Israel of the good effects of covenant faithfulness. + +#### What function did city gates have in the Ancient Near East? #### + +City gates in the time of Boaz were natural meeting places for the city elders, honored men who decided business matters and legal matters together. Because city walls were very substantial, perhaps two to three meters in width, the gateway openings in them provided public spaces that were shady, spaces that were often much more comfortable to sit in, rather than in the hot sunshine. For this reason, although English Bible versions usually speak of Boaz sitting "at" the city gate to discuss who would marry Ruth, he and the other elders undoubtedly actually sat "in" the gateway itself. It may be best for the translator to make this clear. + + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How does Ruth shift from one topic to another topic? #### + +The book of Ruth has many transitions as it changes topics and marks new episodes in the story. The ULB uses various words for this purpose such as "so," "then" and "now." Translators should use the ways most natural in their own languages to signal these developments in the narrative. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/01.md b/sng/01/01.md index 352b9d81b5..b384c068d1 100644 --- a/sng/01/01.md +++ b/sng/01/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,59 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:anoint]] -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* Part One of the book begins in 1:2. -* **The Song of Songs** - "The Best Song" or "The Most Excellent Song" -* **which is Solomon’s** - "which is about Solomon" or "which Solomon composed" -* **Your anointing oils** - "The oils that you put on your body" -* **have a delightful fragrance** - "smell wonderful" -* **your name is like flowing perfume** - The woman realizes that her lover has a good reputation. AT: "your name is wonderful like the smell of oil that someone has poured out." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Take me with you** - "Bring me along with you." The word "you" refers to the lover. -* **we will run** - The word "we" refers to the young woman together with her lover. -* **about you** - "because of you" -* **let me celebrate** - "let me praise" -* **It is natural for the other women to adore you** - "All who love you are right" +Part One of the book begins in [Song of Solomon 1:2](./01.md). + +# The Song of Songs + +"The Best Song" or "The Most Excellent Song" + +# which is Solomon's + +Possible meanings are "which is about Solomon" or "which Solomon composed." + +# your love is better than wine + +"I enjoy having you near me more than I enjoy drinking wine" + +# Your anointing oils + +"The oils that you put on your body" + +# have a delightful fragrance + +"smell wonderful" + +# your name is like flowing perfume + +Perfume has a good smell that spreads as the air moves. The name is either a metonym for 1) the person's reputation, what other people think of him. Here the speaker says that people always think that the hearer is a good person, or 2) the person himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Take me with you + +"Bring me along with you." The word "you" refers to the man. + +# Take + +"Pull" or "Drag." Here the woman described as being like a captive who is willing to follow her captor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we will run + +The word "we" refers to the young woman together with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# We are glad ... We rejoice ... let us celebrate + +The woman speaks of herself as if she were more than one person. Many versions change the pronoun to "I" as the UDB does. Other versions think these are the words of the woman's friends speaking about either the woman or the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# about you + +"because of you" + +# let us celebrate + +"let us praise" + +# It is natural for the other women to adore you + +"Women who adore you are doing as they should do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/05.md b/sng/01/05.md index 950cc17d9e..208b47f9f5 100644 --- a/sng/01/05.md +++ b/sng/01/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# I am dark but lovely -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:curtain]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +"My skin is dark, but I am still beautiful" or "Even though my skin is dark, I am beautiful" -## translationNotes +# daughters of Jerusalem -* ** I am dark but lovely** - "My skin is dark, but I am still beautiful" -* **dark like the tents of Kedar** - The nomadic tribes in Kedar used black goat skins to build their homes. The woman is comparing her skin to these tents. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **lovely like the curtains of Solomon** - She compares her skin to the beautiful curtains Solomon produced either for his own palace or for the Temple. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **scorched** - "burned" -* **My mother’s sons** - "My half-brothers." These brothers probably had the same mother as the woman but not the same father. -* **keeper of the vineyards** - "the person who took care of the vineyards" -* **but my own vineyard I have not kept** - The woman compares herself to a vineyard. AT: "but I have not been able to take care of myself." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# dark like the tents of Kedar + +The nomadic tribes in Kedar used black goat skins to build their homes. The woman is comparing her skin to these tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# lovely like the curtains of Solomon + +Solomon produced beautiful curtains either for his own palace or for the Temple. She says that her skin is beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# scorched + +This exaggeration for "burned" or "made black" refers to the sun changing her skin from light to dark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# My mother's sons + +"My half-brothers." These brothers probably had the same mother as the woman but not the same father. + +# made me keeper of the vineyards + +"made me take care of the vineyards" + +# but my own vineyard I have not kept + +The woman compares herself to a vineyard. AT: "but I have not been able to take care of myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/07.md b/sng/01/07.md index b88e37e5d6..e89bc1b68b 100644 --- a/sng/01/07.md +++ b/sng/01/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# my soul loves -* [[en:tw:companion]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +The soul is a metonym for the person. AT: "I love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# feed your flock -* **whom my soul loves** - AT: "whom I love." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **feed your flock** - "graze your flocks" -* **rest your flock** - "have your flock lie down" -* **Why should I be like some who wanders -* AT: "Tell me so that I will not need to wander around among the flocks of your companions when I am looking for you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **wanders** - "goes all around" -* **companions** - "friends" or "co-workers" +"graze your flocks" + +# rest your flock + +"have your flock lie down" + +# Why should I be like someone who wanders beside the flocks of your companions? + +The woman asks this question to emphasize that she has a closer relationship to the man than other women do. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me so that I will not need to wander around among the flocks of your companions when I am looking for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# wanders + +"goes all around." She does not want to have to look for the man. Perhaps she is afraid other men will think she is a prostitute looking for business. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# companions + +"friends" or "co-workers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/08.md b/sng/01/08.md index d4ac2c0620..f4264a03fb 100644 --- a/sng/01/08.md +++ b/sng/01/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# most beautiful among women -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +"you who are the most beautiful of all women" -## translationNotes +# follow the tracks of my flock -* **follow the tracks of my flock** - "follow along behind the flock" -* **tracks** - marks of the hooves of the flock on the ground -* **pasture your young goats** - "graze your young goats" or "let your young goats eat" +"follow along behind the flock" + +# tracks + +marks of the hooves of the flock on the ground + +# pasture your young goats + +"graze your young goats" or "let your young goats eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/09.md b/sng/01/09.md index 6936378bcd..91b19d439b 100644 --- a/sng/01/09.md +++ b/sng/01/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:pharaoh]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] +The man continues speaking to the woman. -## translationNotes +# I compare you, my love, to a mare among Pharaoh's chariot horses -* The woman's lover continues speaking. -* **my love** - "the one whom I love" -* **to a mare among Pharaoh’s chariot horses** - The lover compares the young woman to a beautiful female horse. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **Pharaoh’s chariot horses** - "Pharaoh's horses that pull chariots" -* **with silver studs** - "with spots of silver" +The Jews of those days considered horses beautiful, and the Pharaoh's horses would have been the most beautiful he could find. The man considers the young woman beautiful. AT: "My love, you are as beautiful as any of Pharaoh's chariot horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my love + +"you whom I love" + +# Pharaoh's chariot horses + +"the horses that pull Pharaoh's chariots" + +# Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments + +These ornaments could be 1) jewels hanging from a band around the head or 2) earrings or 3) a metaphor for her long hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We will make + +The man speaks as if he were many people. Some versions change this to singular "I." Other versions take these to be the words of the woman's friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# with silver studs + +"with spots of silver" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/12.md b/sng/01/12.md index 945b1c4b56..d113b8db68 100644 --- a/sng/01/12.md +++ b/sng/01/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# lay on his couch -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:engedi]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +"sat eating his special meal." This probably refers to one of the couches on which people would lie around a table at a banquet. You could translate using the common word for what people do with their bodies when they eat special meals. -## translationNotes +# nard -* **lay on his couch** - "sat at his table" -* **emitted its fragrance** - "gave off its good smell" -* **nard** - an oil that people got from the expensive nard or spikenard (valerian plant with small pink or white flowers) and used to make their skin soft to have a pleasant odor. -* **My beloved is to me like** - "For me, my beloved is like" -* **spends the night lying between my breasts** - "lies between my breasts all night long." Women put a small amount of expensive myrrh between their breasts to give them a continual pleasant odor. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **henna flowers** - flowers from a small desert tree that people used as a perfume +an oil that people got from the expensive nard or spikenard (valerian plant with small pink or white flowers) and used to make their skin soft and to have a pleasant odor. + +# emitted its fragrance + +"gave off its good smell" + +# My beloved is to me like a bag of myrrh ... breasts + +Women would place a small bag or pouch of myrrh on a necklace so it would lie between their breasts and they could enjoy its pleasant fragrance. This woman enjoys having her beloved close to her. She adds "to me" to show that she does not expect anyone else to enjoy her beloved in this way. AT: "I enjoy my beloved as much as I enjoy having a bag of myrrh ... breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. + +# lying between my breasts + +If this phrase would offend your readers, you could use a euphemism. AT: "close to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# My beloved is to me like a cluster of henna flowers + +Henna flowers have a fragrance that people enjoy. The woman enjoys her beloved. She adds "to me" to show that she does not expect anyone else to enjoy her beloved in this way. AT: "I enjoy my beloved as much as I enjoy the smell of clusters of henna flowers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# henna flowers + +flowers from a small desert tree that people used as a perfume \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/15.md b/sng/01/15.md index 87e79eadcd..609e22a97b 100644 --- a/sng/01/15.md +++ b/sng/01/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] +"Listen carefully" or "What I am about to say is important." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully. -## translationNotes +# my love -* **See** - The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **your eyes are like doves** - Doves are symbols of purity, innocence, gentleness and love. AT: "your eyes are gentle and lovely like the eyes of doves. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](./09.md) + +# your eyes are doves + +Possible meaning are 1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the man considers the woman's eyes beautiful because the way the woman looks at him makes him think she is gentle. AT: "you are very gentle" or 2) the man is speaking of the woman's white eyeballs or the shape of her eyes as being like the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/16.md b/sng/01/16.md index ebbf6f11c6..e49aab8ec2 100644 --- a/sng/01/16.md +++ b/sng/01/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Listen -* [[en:tw:cedar]] +"Listen carefully" or "What I am about to say is important." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully. -## translationNotes +# handsome -* **See** - The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **handsome** - "good looking" or "lovely" or "beautiful" -* **The lush plants** - plants that are green, moist, and grow abundantly -* **serve as our bed** - "are our bed." The woman describes how they lay on the lush plants outside as though they were their bed -* **The beams of our house are cedar tree branches** - The woman describes the forest as though it were their house. AT: "The branches of the cedar tree are like the beams of our house. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **beams** - large logs that support the rest of the house -* **and our rafters are fir branches** - "and fir branches are like our rafters" -* **rafters** - pieces of wood that hold up the roof of a house +Use the word in your language that describes a good-looking man. + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](./12.md). + +# lush plants are our bed + +This speaks of the lush plants as if they were a bed. AT: "lush plants are what we lie down on to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The lush plants + +plants that are green, moist, and grow abundantly + +# The beams of our house are cedars; our rafters are firs + +The woman describes the forest as though it were a house in which they were lying down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# beams ... rafters + +Possible meanings are 1) "beams" refers to large logs used to support everything above the walls and "rafters" refers to the large pieces of wood to which the roof is attached or 2) "beams" refers to the rafters and "rafters" refers to the strips attached to the beams, onto which the builders attached the roofing materials. + +# cedars ... firs + +Cedars were large and strong trees. The word translated "firs" is a general term for trees like cedars but smaller. If cedar and fir trees are unknown in your area, you could use general terms for the tallest and strongest trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/intro.md b/sng/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f9185c3032 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Song of Solomon 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Kisses ##### +The kisses in this chapter are a type of kiss that was only done between a husband and a wife. It is an intimate kiss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Love and affection ##### +This chapter is centered on the feelings of love, affection, and attraction. Different cultural standards may make translation difficult and the translator may use euphemisms to avoid offending people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I am dark" ##### +In the ancient Near East, many people were more attracted to light skinned people. This is because light skinned people were typically rich and did not need to work outside in the sun. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Song of Solomon intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/01.md b/sng/02/01.md index c22edc075c..132674737d 100644 --- a/sng/02/01.md +++ b/sng/02/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:thorn]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# I am a meadow flower of Sharon -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **I am just a flower of in a plain** - The woman compares herself with a flower in a plain in order to emphasize that she is a common and delicate girl from the countryside that does not deserve the enormous amount of attention that her lover is giving to her. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a plain** - an area of land that is flat, has no trees, and grows many different kinds of grasses and flowers -* **just a lily in a valley** - The woman compares herself with a lily in a valley for the same reason that she compared herself with a flower in a plain. -* **lily** - a sweet smelling flower that is shaped like a trumpet -* **a valley** - This refers to a very large flat area between mountains. -* **As a lily...my countrymen** - The man means that the woman is far more beautiful and precious than all the other young women, just as a lily is far more beautiful and precious than all of the thorn bushes that might surround it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **my love** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:09]]. -* **the daughters of my countrymen** - "other young women" +The woman speaks as if she were one of many flowers in a land known for beautiful flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Sharon + +the name of a land that is flat, has no trees, and grows many different kinds of grasses and flowers + +# lily of the valleys + +The woman speaks as if she were one of many flowers in a land known for beautiful flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lily + +a sweet smelling flower that grows in places where there is much water. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:1-2](./01.md). + +# valleys + +flat areas between mountains and near water + +# As a lily among thorns ... young women + +A flower is much more beautiful than a thorn bush. The man thinks the woman is much more beautiful than the other women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my love + +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# the young women + +"the other young women" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/03.md b/sng/02/03.md index ad739725ca..23ee2d6fbd 100644 --- a/sng/02/03.md +++ b/sng/02/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# As an apricot tree ... the young men -* [[en:tw:banquet]] -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:delight]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +People enjoy the fruit of an apricot tree, but the trees of the forest do not bear fruit. The woman enjoys being with the man, but not with the other young men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# apricot tree -* **As the apricot tree...the young men** - As the apricot tree is more comforting and delightful than any of the other trees in the forest so the woman's beloved is more comforting and delightful than all the other young men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the apricot tree** - a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that is very sweet. -* **I sit down under his shadow with great delight** - The woman find great joy and comfort in being so near to her beloved. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and his fruit is sweet to my taste** - The woman compares the enjoyment of her beloved to sweet fruit. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the banqueting hall** - a very large room where people ate large meals and enjoyed visiting with each other -* **and his banner** - A "banner" was a large piece of cloth that people held up in at the front of an army in order to lead the way and give courage to the other men -* **his banner over me was love** - The woman would have been nervous to enter the banqueting hall, but the love of her beloved showed her the way and gave her courage to enter. AT: "but his love guided me and gave me courage like a banner." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that is very sweet. If your readers will not know what this is, you could use the word for another fruit tree or the general word "fruit tree." + +# the forest + +The Hebrew word here refers to land where trees grow for which people have no use. + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# I sit down under his shadow with great delight + +The woman finds great joy and comfort in being so near to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his fruit is sweet to my taste + +The woman enjoys eating sweet fruit, and she enjoys being near to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of wine + +Possible meanings are 1) the very large room where the king would serve many people large meals with wine or 2) a small booth in a vineyard where the man and woman could be alone together. + +# his banner over me was love + +Possible meanings are 1) the banner is a metonym for a military escort. And, the military escort is a metaphor that represents the man's love which gives courage to the woman who was nervous to enter the large room where the king served many people. AT: "but his loving protection guided me and gave me courage" or 2) the woman knew that the man wanted to make love to her from the way he looked at her. AT: "he looked at me lovingly" or "when he looked at me, I knew he wanted to make love to me" or 3) they made love. AT: "he lovingly covered me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/05.md b/sng/02/05.md index 23de2d2d0b..488bcaef76 100644 --- a/sng/02/05.md +++ b/sng/02/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Revive me -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] +"Return my strength" or "Give me energy" -## translationNotes +# with raisin cakes -* **Revive me** - "Return my strength" or "Give me energy" -* **with raisin cakes** - "by feeding me cakes made of raisins that stick together in flat patties" or "by giving me raisin cakes" -* **refresh me with apricots** - "support me by giving me apricots" or "help my by giving me apricots -* **for I am weak with love** - AT: "because my love is so strong that I feel feeble." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **left hand...right hand** - "left arm...right arm" -* **embraces me** - "holds me" +"by giving me raisin cakes to eat." Raisin cakes were cakes made of dried grapes pressed together. + +# refresh me with apricots + +"support me by giving me apricots" or "help me by giving me apricots" + +# for I am weak with love + +The woman speaks of feeling weak because her love is so strong as if love were a kind of sickness. AT: "because my love is so strong that I feel feeble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# left hand ... right hand + +"left arm ... right arm" + +# embraces me + +"holds me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/07.md b/sng/02/07.md index a0e532dd61..c945b631ca 100644 --- a/sng/02/07.md +++ b/sng/02/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# daughters of Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:deer]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## translationNotes +# by the gazelles and the does of the fields -* **daughters of Jerusalem's men** - "young women of Jerusalem" -* **by the gazelles and the does of the fields ** - These animals of the field are shy and timid, but experience absolute freedom. -* **the gazelles** - animals that look a lot like deer and are fast, slender, and shy -* **of the fields** - "that live in the countryside" -* **will not interrupt our lovemaking -* "will not interrupt us as we make love until we are finished" -* **interrupt** - "disturb" or "bother" +Although the daughters of Jerusalem could not hear her, the woman speaks to them as if they could hear saying that the gazelles and the does will punish them they break their promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# the gazelles + +These are animals that look like deer and move quickly. + +# does + +female deer + +# of the fields + +"that live in the countryside." This was land that has not been farmed. + +# will not awaken or arouse love until she pleases + +Here "love" is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened. This is a metaphor that represents the man and woman who do not want to be disturbed until they are finished making love. AT: "will not disturb us until we have finished making love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not awaken or arouse + +If your language has only one word for waking people out of sleep, you could combine these words. AT: "will not awaken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/08.md b/sng/02/08.md index ec857b963e..7b2b08bc90 100644 --- a/sng/02/08.md +++ b/sng/02/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,59 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:deer]] -* [[en:tw:like]] +Here begins Part Two of the book. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Here begins Part Two of the book -* **Oh, here he comes** - The word “Oh” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **leaping over the mountains, -* "leaping on the mountains, running quickly on the hills." The beloved runs quickly and gracefully like a gazelle, even over the rough terrain of the mountains and the hills. -* **like a gazelle or a young stag** - The woman compares her beloved with a gazelle and a young buck because he is fast, beautiful, and graceful like these animals. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a gazelle** - See how you translated "the gazelles" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:08:02]]. -* **a young stag** - "a young buck" or "a young male deer" -* **look, he is standing** - The word “look” here shows that the woman saw something interesting. -* **behind our wall** - "on the other side of our wall." The woman is in a house and her beloved is outside the house. -* **our wall** - The word "our" refers to the woman and the other people in the house with her. -* **gazing through the window** - "he stares in through the windows" -* **peering through the lattice** - "he peeks through the lattice" -* **lattice** - long strips of wood that someone has woven together in order to create a cover for a window or some other entrance +It is not clear whether the woman is speaking to herself or to the daughters of Jerusalem. + +# Listen + +Possible meanings are 1) "Listen carefully to what I am about to say." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully, or 2) "Listen so you can hear him coming." + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# leaping ... jumping ... gazing ... peering + +The woman shows that she is excited to see the man come by using as few words as possible to describe what he is doing. Your language may have a different way of showing that the speaker is excited about what is happening. + +# leaping over the mountains, jumping over the hills + +"leaping on the mountains, running quickly on the hills." The woman speaks of the man as if he were "a gazelle or a young stag" (verse 9) coming quickly toward her over rough ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a gazelle or a young stag + +Gazelles and young stags move quickly over rough ground. The woman imagines the man coming as fast as he can to be with her. You could translate using animals in your language that people think of as fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a gazelle + +This is an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of "the gazelles" as in [Song of Solomon 2:7](./07.md). + +# a young stag + +"a young male deer" + +# look + +"listen carefully" or "what I am about to say is important." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully. + +# behind our wall + +"on the other side of our wall." The woman is in a house and the man is outside the house. + +# our wall + +The word "our" refers to the woman and the other people in the house with her. If she is speaking to herself, it is inclusive, but if she is speaking to the daughters of Jerusalem, whether she is referring to herself and her companions or to herself only in plural, as in "We are glad ... We rejoice ... let us celebrate" ([Song of Solomon 1:4](../01/01.md)), it is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# gazing through the window + +"he stares in through the windows" + +# peering through the lattice + +"he peeks through the lattice" + +# lattice + +a cover for a window or some other entrance that someone has made by weaving long strips of wood together. Lattices have holes that people can look through. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/10.md b/sng/02/10.md index b2c07d3a4b..44c9a1f640 100644 --- a/sng/02/10.md +++ b/sng/02/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# beloved -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:love]] +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -## translationNotes +# Arise -* **Arise** - "Get up" -* **my love** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:09]]. -* **Look, the winter** - The word “Look” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” -* **the rain is over and gone** - In Israel, it only rains during the winter. +"Get up" + +# my love + +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md) + +# Look + +"Listen carefully" or "What I am about to say is important." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully. + +# the winter is past; the rain is over and gone + +In winter it is too cold and wet to make love outside, but the cold, wet time has passed. + +# the winter is past + +Winter is the cold time of year when plants do not grow and people prefer to stay inside their houses. You could use the term in your language for that time of year. + +# the rain is over and gone + +In Israel it only rains during the winter. The rain here is cold and unpleasant, not the refreshing rain of the hot season. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/12.md b/sng/02/12.md index f64bf465bf..bc4c2bf095 100644 --- a/sng/02/12.md +++ b/sng/02/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# The flowers have appeared -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:time]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +"People can see flowers" -## translationNotes +# in the land -* **The flowers have appeared** - AT: "You can see flowers" or "People can see flowers." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **in the land** - "all over this land" -* **the time for pruning** - "the season for people to prune" -* **and the singing of birds** - "and for birds to sing" -* **pruning** - cutting off branches from a plant so that it will produce more fruit or look better -* **the sound of the doves is heard** - AT: "you can hear doves cooing" or "people can hear the sound of doves" -* **vines are in blossom** - "vines are flowering" or "vines have flowers" -* **they give off** - The word "they" refers to the blossoms on the vines. -* **fragrance** - "sweet smell" +"all over this land" + +# pruning + +cutting off branches from a plant so that it will produce more fruit or look better + +# the singing of birds + +"for birds to sing" + +# the sound of the doves is heard + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people can hear the sound of doves" or "the doves are cooing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The fig tree ripens her green figs + +The tree is spoken of as if it were actively causing its fruit to ripen. This is a collective singular and can be translated as a plural. AT: "The figs on the trees are becoming ripe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# vines are in blossom + +"vines are flowering" or "vines have flowers" + +# they give off + +The word "they" refers to the blossoms on the vines. + +# fragrance + +"sweet smell" + +# my love + +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/14.md b/sng/02/14.md index 8037ff9595..f0fc5d9b4a 100644 --- a/sng/02/14.md +++ b/sng/02/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] +The man is speaking. -## translationNotes +# My dove -* The woman's beloved is speaking. -* **My dove** - The woman's beloved compares the woman with a dove because she has a beautiful face and a beautiful voice like a dove and because he was to be with her in a place that is far away from other people just as doves live in places far away from people. -* **the clefts of the rock** - "the hiding places of the cliffs." Clefts are large cracks in the side of mountain rocks. -* **in the secret clefts of the mountain crags** - "in the secret places on the steep mountain sides." This phrase describes the place where the beloved wants to see the face of the woman. -* **your face** - "your appearance" or "your form" or "what you look like" +The Israelites considered doves beautiful birds with pleasant voices. The man thinks the woman's face and voice are beautiful. If calling a woman a "dove" would be offensive, you could leave out the metaphor. AT: "My beautiful woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# clefts + +large cracks in the side of mountain rocks large enough for people to hide in + +# crags + +"steep rocks" + +# your face + +Some versions translate this as "your appearance" or "your form" or "what you look like." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/15.md b/sng/02/15.md index d736cad482..58fed0b07d 100644 --- a/sng/02/15.md +++ b/sng/02/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Catch -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +This is plural, as if the woman is speaking to more than one man, but most versions translate who she is speaking to as the man, so you could translate this as singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# the foxes -* **[The woman speaking to herself]** - The woman is probably speaking to herself hoping that no other young man will take her away. -* **the jackals** - This could also be translated as "the foxes." These animals look like small dogs and were often used in love poetry to represent eager young men who would spoil a young lady. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **for us** - The word "us" could possibly refer to 1) the woman and her lover or 2) the woman and the rest of her family. -* **the little jackals** - "the young jackals." Jackals give birth to their young in the spring when the vines are blooming. -* **that spoil** - "that wreck" or "that destroy." Jackals and foxes destroy vineyards by digging holes and eating vines and grapes. This could also represent the young men who spoil the young ladies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **in blossom** - This could represent a young lady ready for marriage and bearing children. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:12]]. +These animals look like small dogs and were often used in love poetry to represent eager young men who would spoil a young woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for us ... our vineyard + +The words "us" and "our" could possibly be 1) exclusive, referring to the woman herself, as in [Song of Solomon 1:4](../01/01.md), or 2) inclusive, referring to the woman and the man, or 3) exclusive, referring to the woman and the rest of her family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# foxes + +Another possible meaning is "jackals." A jackal is a type of thin wild dog with long legs. + +# the little foxes that spoil + +Foxes spoil or destroy vineyards by digging holes and eating vines and grapes. This could be a metaphor for young men who spoil young women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in blossom + +This implies that the vineyard is healthy and the grapes have appeared, but they are not ready for harvest. This could be a metaphor for a young lady ready for marriage and bearing children. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/16.md b/sng/02/16.md index 05c1eb1bb6..9793a74aaf 100644 --- a/sng/02/16.md +++ b/sng/02/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# My beloved is mine -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:deer]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +"My beloved belongs to me" -## translationNotes +# beloved -* **My beloved is mine** - "My beloved belongs to me" -* **and I am his** - "and I belong to him" -* **he grazes** - "feeds" or "eats grass." The woman compares her beloved with an animal that eats plants among the lilies, like a gazelle or young stag. -* **dawn** - the part of the day when the sun is rising -* **the shadows flee away** - The woman describes the shadows as though they were running away from the light of the sun. AT: "the shadows disappear." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **like a gazelle or a young stag** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:08]]. -* **gazelle** - a type of slender deer-like animal with long curved horns -* **stag** - an adult male deer -* **rugged** - "rocky" or "rough" +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# I am his + +"I belong to him" + +# he grazes + +"feeds" or "eats grass." The woman speaks of the man as if he were "a gazelle or a young stag" (verse 17) that eats plants among the lilies. Grazing is probably a metaphor for lovemaking ([Song of Solomon 2:1-2](./01.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lilies + +sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of "lily" in [Song of Solomon 2:1](./01.md). + +# dawn + +the part of the day when the sun is rising + +# the shadows flee away + +The woman describes the shadows as though they were running away from the light of the sun. AT: "the shadows disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a gazelle or a young stag + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:9](./08.md). + +# gazelle + +an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of "gazelles" as in [Song of Solomon 2:7](./07.md). + +# stag + +an adult male deer + +# rugged + +"rocky" or "rough" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/intro.md b/sng/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb3c9b024d --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Song of Solomon 02 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Women are compared to flowers in this chapter. This metaphor may describe a woman's beauty and delicacy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Euphemisms ##### +It is possible that some of the metaphors used in this chapter are actually euphemisms. These euphemisms would refer to sex or the physical love between a husband and a wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/01.md b/sng/03/01.md index bea6681f0e..f3c1fe6e01 100644 --- a/sng/03/01.md +++ b/sng/03/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I was longing for him ... could not find him -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] +"I had a strong desire to be with him ... loves, but he was not there" -## translationNotes +# him whom my soul loves -* **I was longing for the one whom my soul loves; I was longing for him** - This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **was longing for** - "was wanting to be with" or "was looking for" -* **the one whom my soul loves** - See how you translated "whom my soul loves" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:07]]. -* **go through the city** - "walk through the city" -* **through the streets and squares ** - The word "squares" indicates the center area of a town where streets or roads come together. It is often an area where people sell items, a market, and a place where people come together to talk. -* **search** - "to look for" +The soul is a metonym for the whole person. Here it makes a stronger statement of the woman's love for the man than "my beloved" ([Song of Solomon 1:14](../01/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# go through the city + +"walk through the city" + +# through the streets and squares + +The word "squares" indicates the center area of a town where streets or roads come together. It is often an area where people sell items, a market, and a place where people come together to talk. + +# search + +"to look for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/03.md b/sng/03/03.md index 07ac9e3324..00df9fa0dc 100644 --- a/sng/03/03.md +++ b/sng/03/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# watchmen -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:conceive]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:soul]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +men who have the job of keeping guard of the town at night to keep the people safe -## translationNotes +# as they were making their rounds in the city -* **watchmen** - the men who have the job of keeping guard of the town at night to keep the people safe -* **as they were making their rounds in the city** - "who were going through the city" or "who were walking around the city" -* **bedroom** - "the room for sleeping" -* **the one who had conceived me** - - "the one who had become pregnant with me" or "the one who carried me in her belly." This refers to her mother. +"who were walking around the city on the walls" + +# him whom my soul loves + +The soul is a metonym for the whole person. Here it makes a stronger statement of the woman's love for the man than "my beloved" ([Song of Solomon 1:14](../01/12.md)). See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 3:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bedroom + +"the room for sleeping" + +# the one who had conceived me + +This is a metonym for her mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/05.md b/sng/03/05.md index 937e757811..046bc099fd 100644 --- a/sng/03/05.md +++ b/sng/03/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deer]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +Translate this verse as in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). -## translationNotes +# daughters of Jerusalem -* **I want you to swear...until it is over** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:07]]. +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# by the gazelles and the does of the fields + +Although the daughters of Jerusalem are not there to hear her, the woman is telling them that the gazelles and the does will punish them they break their promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# the gazelles + +animals that look like deer and move quickly. + +# does + +female deer + +# of the fields + +"that live in the countryside." This refers to land that has not been farmed. + +# will not awaken or arouse love until she pleases + +Here "love" is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened. This is a metaphor that represents the man and woman who do not want to be disturbed until they are finished making love. AT: "will not disturb us until we have finished making love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not awaken or arouse + +If your language has only one word for waking people out of sleep, you could combine these words. AT: "will not awaken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/06.md b/sng/03/06.md index 6157330b63..a05b2740b4 100644 --- a/sng/03/06.md +++ b/sng/03/06.md @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] +Here begins Part Three of the book. It begins with a description of sixty men carrying Solomon's bed up from the wilderness to Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# What is that coming up from the wilderness -* Here begins Part Three of the book -* **What is that coming up from the wilderness** - The group of people is traveling from the wilderness to Jerusalem. Because the wilderness is low in the Jordan valley and Jerusalem is high in the mountains, the people must go up in order to reach Jerusalem. -* **like a column of smoke** - Because the people raised much dust in the air as they traveled, the dust looked like smoke in the distance. AT: "with columns of smoke going up." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **perfumed with myrrh and frankincense** - AT: "the sweet smelling smoke of myrrh and frankincense surround it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **with all powders sold by merchants** - AT: "and the sweet smelling smoke of all powders that merchants sell." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **powders** - a fine dust made by crushing something solid -* **Look** - This word shows here that the speaker now discovers the answer to the question in verse 6. -* **it is the portable litter** - The word "portable" means that people can easily moved the litter (a bed with a cover) from one place to another. -* **sixty warriors surround it, sixty soldiers of Israel** - This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **warriors** - men who fight +The group of people is traveling from the wilderness to Jerusalem. They must go up in order to reach Jerusalem because the wilderness is low in the Jordan valley and Jerusalem is high in the mountains. + +# What is that + +Many versions translate this "Who is that." + +# like a column of smoke + +The dust looked like smoke from far away because the people raised much dust in the air as they traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# perfumed with myrrh and frankincense + +"the sweet-smelling smoke of myrrh and frankincense" + +# with all the powders sold by merchants + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "and the sweet-smelling smoke of all the powders that merchants sell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# powders + +a fine dust made by crushing something solid + +# Look + +"Listen carefully" or "What I am about to say is important." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully. The speaker now discovers the answer to the question in verse 6. + +# it is the bed + +This refers to a bed with a cover that can be carried from one place to another. + +# sixty warriors surround it, sixty soldiers of Israel + +These two phrases refer to the same sixty people. The second phrase clarifies that the "warriors" are "soldiers of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# warriors + +men who fight \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/08.md b/sng/03/08.md index 4ae00be0f6..6b4c3c97c5 100644 --- a/sng/03/08.md +++ b/sng/03/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] +The description of sixty men carrying Solomon's bed up from the wilderness to Jerusalem, begun in [Song of Solomon 3:6](./06.md), continues. -## translationNotes +# Connecting Statement: -* **in warfare** - "in battle" -* **armed against** - "in order to guard against" or "in order to fight off" -* **terrors of the night** - This represents any danger that might come during the dark of the night, like robbers. -* **sedan chair** - a chair that has long poles which people used to carry important people +A description of the bed itself begins in verse 9. You could use words in your language that show that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# are skilled in warfare + +"can fight battles well" + +# armed against + +"so that he can fight against" + +# terrors of the night + +The abstract noun "terrors" is a metonym for evil people who frighten others by attacking them. AT: "evil people who attack others at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sedan chair + +This is a chair or couch for important people to sit or lie on. It rests on long poles that people can use to carry it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/10.md b/sng/03/10.md index eeff384513..32464a2935 100644 --- a/sng/03/10.md +++ b/sng/03/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:purple]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +The description of the bed itself that began in [Song of Solomon 3:9](./08.md) continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## translationNotes +# Its posts -* **its posts** - The word "its" refers to King Solomon's sedan chair. -* **posts** - The word "posts" here refers to pieces of wood that hold up the tent of cloth around his chair. -* **Its interior was** - "The inside of it was" -* **decorated with love** - "made pretty with love" or "embroidered with love." This indicates that the women made the sedan beautiful in a special way to show their love for Solomon. -* **and gaze on King Solomon** - "look at King Solomon." The word "gaze" refers to look at someone or something for a long time, usually with strong emotional feeling. -* **bearing the crown** - "wearing the crown" +The word "its" refers to King Solomon's sedan chair. + +# posts + +The word "posts" here refers to pieces either made of silver or made of wood covered with silver that hold up the tent of cloth around his chair. + +# Its interior was + +"The inside of it was" + +# with love + +Possible meanings are 1) "with love," indicating that the women made the sedan beautiful in a special way to show their love for Solomon, or 2) "with leather." + +# daughters of Zion + +"you young women who live in Zion" + +# gaze on King Solomon + +"look at King Solomon." The word "gaze" refers to look at someone or something for a long time, usually with strong emotional feeling. + +# bearing the crown + +"wearing the crown" + +# the day of the joy of his heart + +The word "heart" is a metonym for the person. AT: "the day on which he truly rejoiced" or "the happiest day of his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/intro.md b/sng/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1ce614e77 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Song of Solomon 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Longing ##### +This chapter describes a feeling of longing, or the waiting in anticipation of the one you love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/01.md b/sng/04/01.md index b9315932e1..94a5166e37 100644 --- a/sng/04/01.md +++ b/sng/04/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# Your eyes are doves -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **Oh, you are beautiful...eyes are doves** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:15]]. -* **Your hair...Mount Gilead** - Goats are often dark in color and when they walk on the mountains their hair would look like the long waves in a woman's hair. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +One possibility is that the man is speaking of the woman's white eyeballs or the shape of her eyes, the shape of a dove. Another possibility is that the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the man considers the woman's eyes beautiful because the way the woman looks at him makes him think she is gentle. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:15](../01/15.md). AT: "You are very gentle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my love + +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# Your hair is like a flock of goats going down from Mount Gilead + +Goats in Israel were usually dark in color. The woman's hair was probably dark. You may need to specify that the goats were dark or even use another simile that the reader will understand that refers to something dark and beautiful. People thought of Mount Gilead as beautiful and fertile. The speaker considered the woman beautiful and ready to become the mother of his children. If you remove the simile of the goats, you may have to remove the simile of the mountain as well. AT: "Your hair is as dark as storm clouds above a fertile land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/02.md b/sng/04/02.md index d10b174422..5f403a79ea 100644 --- a/sng/04/02.md +++ b/sng/04/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Your teeth are like a flock of newly shorn ewes -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] +After sheep have their wool cut off, they are washed and their skin looks very white. The woman's teeth are white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# a flock of newly shorn ewes -* **Your teeth are like a flock of newly shorn ewes** - After sheep have their wool cut off, they are washed and their skin looks very white. This phrase compares the whiteness of the teeth of the woman to the brightness of white sheep wool after their wool has been sheared off. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **a flock newly shorn ewes** - AT: "a flock of ewes whose wool people have cut off." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **coming up from the washing place** - It is implied that the ewes are coming up out of the water. AT: "that are coming up out of the water after people have washed them." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Each one has a twin** - Sheep usually give birth to two lambs at one time. These twin lamb usually look like one another. Each of the woman's teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. So it is like each tooth has a twin like the lambs. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **none among them is bereaved** - None of her teeth have lost their matching tooth on the other side. The woman has not lost any of her teeth. -* **bereaved** - To have lost a loved one who has died. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a flock of ewes whose wool people have cut off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# coming up from the washing place + +The ewes are coming up out of the water. AT: "that are coming up out of the water after people have washed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Each one has a twin + +Sheep usually give birth to two lambs at one time. These twin lambs usually look like one another. Each of the woman's teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# none among them is bereaved + +Each of the woman's teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. She has not lost any of her teeth. + +# bereaved + +lost a loved one who has died \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/03.md b/sng/04/03.md index d1ab5da95a..3206bad56d 100644 --- a/sng/04/03.md +++ b/sng/04/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] +The man continues to praise the woman. -## translationNotes +# are like a thread of scarlet -* The lover continues to praise the woman. -* **are like a thread of scarlet** - This phrase compares the color of the woman's lips with scarlet thread. AT: "are a deep red like scarlet thread." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **scarlet** - a dark red color that is very similar to the color of blood -* **is lovely** - "is beautiful" -* **like pomegranate halves** - Pomegranates are smooth, round, and have a rich red color. AT: "are rosy and round like two halves of a pomegranate." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **behind your veil** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:04:01]]. +Scarlet is a beautiful red color, and scarlet thread was very expensive. The woman's lips were red. AT: "are a deep red like scarlet thread" or "are red and very beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# scarlet + +a dark red color that is very similar to the color of blood + +# is lovely + +"is beautiful" + +# are like pomegranate halves + +Pomegranates are smooth, round, and rich red. The man thinks the woman's cheeks are beautiful and show that she is healthy. AT: "are red and round like two halves of a pomegranate" or "are red and full and healthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# behind your veil + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/04.md b/sng/04/04.md index ef10ea4e8d..c7106186d9 100644 --- a/sng/04/04.md +++ b/sng/04/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:deer]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:shield]] -* [[en:tw:warrior]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +The man continues to praise the woman. -## translationNotes +# Your neck is like the tower of David -* The lover continues to praise the woman. -* **neck is like** - AT: "neck is long and beautiful like." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **of David** - "that David built" -* **built in rows of stone** - Women had necklaces that covered their entire necks with rows of decorations. The lover compares these rows of decorations with the rows of stone on the tower. AT: "that has many rows of stone." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **with a thousand shields...** - The lover compares the decorations of the woman's necklace with shields hanging on the tower. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a thousand shields** - "1,000 shields." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **all the shields of soldiers** - "all of the shields belong to mighty warriors" -* **like two fawns, twins of a gazelle** - The woman's breasts are beautiful, matching and soft like two baby deer or two baby gazelle. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **twins** - the babies of a mother who gave birth to two babies at one time -* **gazelle** - See how you translated "gazelles" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:07]]. -* **grazing among the lilies** - "eating plants among the lilies." The beautiful fawns and baby gazelle are even more beautiful when lilies are surrounding them. +No one knows if this was a real tower. A tower is a tall, slender building, and saying that David built it implies that it was beautiful. The man considered the woman's neck long and slender and so beautiful. AT: "Your neck is long and beautiful like the tower of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# of David + +"that David built" + +# built in rows of stone + +Women had necklaces that covered their entire necks with rows of decorations. The man compares these rows of decorations with the rows of stone on the tower. AT: "that has many rows of stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with a thousand shields + +The man compares the decorations of the woman's necklace with shields hanging on the tower. The necklace probably went around her neck many times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a thousand shields + +"1,000 shields." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# all the shields of soldiers + +"all of the shields belong to mighty warriors" + +# two breasts + +If the word "two" seems unnecessary and so out of place, you could omit it. + +# like two fawns, twins of a gazelle + +The man implies that the woman's breasts are matching, soft, and perhaps small. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# twins + +the babies of a mother who gave birth to two babies at one time + +# gazelle + +an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of "gazelles" as in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). + +# grazing among the lilies + +"eating plants among the lilies." While it is clear that the man "grazing among the lilies" is a metaphor for making love ([Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md)), it is not clear what these words refer to. It is best to translate them literally. + +# lilies + +sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of "lily" in [Song of Solomon 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/06.md b/sng/04/06.md index 2db107490b..cda47a62ef 100644 --- a/sng/04/06.md +++ b/sng/04/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blemish]] -* [[en:tw:frankincense]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:shadow]] +The man continues to praise the woman. -## translationNotes +# Until the dawn arrives and the shadows flee away -* The lover continues to praise the woman. -* **Until the dawn arrives and the shadows flee away** - See how you translated the line in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:16]] where the wording is the same as this one. -* **I will go to the mountain of myrrh and to the hill of frankincense** - The lover expresses his desire to enjoy the woman' breast by comparing them with mountains or hills that he wants to go to. Her breasts are round and protrude like mountains or hills. They smell sweet like myrrh and frankincense. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will go to the mountain ... hill of frankincense.** - These lines repeat the thought in slightly differing ways to emphasize the idea. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **the mountain of myrrh** - "the mountain made of myrrh" or "the mountain that has myrrh on it" -* **You are beautiful in every way** - "Every part of you is beautiful" or "All of you is beautiful" -* **my love** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:09]]. -* **there is no blemish in you** - "you have no blemish" +Translate similar wording in this line as you did the line in [Song of Solomon 2:17](../02/16.md). + +# I will go to the mountain of myrrh and to the hill of frankincense + +The "mountain of myrrh" and "hill of frankincense" are metaphors for the woman's breasts (See: [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md)). AT: "I will lie close to your breasts, which are like mountains that smell like myrrh and frankincense" or "I will lie close to your breasts, which smell very sweet" or "I will go to the sweet-smelling mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mountain of myrrh + +"the mountain made of myrrh" or "the mountain that has myrrh growing on it" + +# the hill of frankincense + +"the hill where there are clouds of smoke from burning frankincense in the air" + +# You are beautiful in every way + +"Every part of you is beautiful" or "All of you is beautiful" + +# my love + +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# there is no blemish in you + +"you have no blemish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/08.md b/sng/04/08.md index a5a5e7127a..a2dd0c7230 100644 --- a/sng/04/08.md +++ b/sng/04/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:leopard]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:mounthermon]] +The man continues to speak to the woman. He speaks of them not being free to make love as if they were in a wild, dangerous, foreign place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# from Lebanon -* The lover continues to speak to the woman. -* **Come with me...dens of leopards** - The lover wants his bride to come with him away from a wild and dangerous place. This is a metaphor and the couple is not really on these mountains or by these dens. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **from Lebanon** - "away from Lebanon" -* **Amana** - the name of a mountain near Damascus (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Senir** - the name of a mountain near Amana and Hermon. Some people think that this refers to the same mountain as Hermon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **dens** - places where lions and leopards live, like caves or holes in the ground +"away from Lebanon" + +# my bride + +This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son's wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. + +# Amana + +the name of a mountain north of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Senir + +the name of a mountain near Amana and Hermon. Some people think that this refers to the same mountain as Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# dens + +places where lions and leopards live, like caves or holes in the ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/09.md b/sng/04/09.md index 58b07acf23..c85bbc489a 100644 --- a/sng/04/09.md +++ b/sng/04/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] +The man continues to speak to the woman. -## translationNotes +# You have stolen my heart -* The lover continues to speak to the woman. -* **have stolen my heart** - He is saying his affection and love now belong to her. AT: "have captured my love." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **my sister** - The woman is as dear to the lover as his own sister. They are not actually brother and sister. AT: "my dear" or "my darling" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **with one glance of your eyes, with one jewel of your necklace.** - Both the woman's eyes and her jewelry attract her lover to her. +Possible meanings of this idiom are 1) "My heart now belongs completely to you" or 2) "I strongly desire to make love to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my sister + +This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. AT: "my dear" or "my darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my bride + +This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son's wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:8](./08.md). + +# heart, with just one look at me, with just one jewel + +"heart. All you have to do is look at me once or show me just one jewel." Both the woman's eyes and her jewelry attract the man to her. + +# necklace + +This necklace probably went around her neck many times (See: [Song of Solomon 4:4](./04.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/10.md b/sng/04/10.md index e19326e4c0..10937ed228 100644 --- a/sng/04/10.md +++ b/sng/04/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:like]] +The man continues to praise the woman. -## translationNotes +# How beautiful is your love -* The lover continues to praise the woman. -* **How beautiful is your love** - "Your love is wonderful" -* **my sister, my bride** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:04:09]]. -* **How much better ... you love than wine** - These lines repeat the same idea in different words for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **How much better is your love than wine** - "Your love is much better than wine." See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:01]]. -* **the fragrance of your perfume than any spice** - AT: "the smell of your oils is better than the smell of any spice." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **fragrance...perfume** - See how you translated these words in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:01]]. -* **spice** - dried plants or seeds that have a good smell or taste -* **Your lips ... under your tongue** - These lines repeat the same idea in different words for emphasis. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **Your lips, my bride, drip honey** - The lover thinks that the woman's kisses are sweet like honey; or, because the words that she speaks are sweet like honey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **honey and milk are under your tongue** - The lover thinks that the woman's kisses are sweet like milk and honey; or, that she speaks words that are as sweet as milk and honey. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon** - "the smell of your clothes is like the smell of Lebanon." Many cedar trees grew in Lebanon. Cedar trees smell very good, so Lebanon would have smelled sweet and fresh. +"Your love is wonderful" + +# my sister + +This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](./08.md). AT: "my dear" or "my darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my bride + +This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son's wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](./08.md). + +# How much better is your love than wine + +"Your love is much better than wine." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Song of Solomon 1:2](../01/01.md). + +# the fragrance of your perfume than any spice + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "how much better is the fragrance of your perfume than the fragrance of any spice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# fragrance ... perfume + +See how you translated these words in [Song of Solomon 1:3](../01/01.md). + +# spice + +dried plants or seeds that have a good smell or taste + +# Your lips ... drip honey + +Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for 1) the sweet taste of the woman's kisses or 2) the woman's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# honey and milk are under your tongue + +Because "milk and honey" is a common phrase in the Bible, you should translate literally. Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for 1) the sweet taste of the woman's kisses or 2) the woman's words. Milk is a metaphor for luxury, owning many things that help people enjoy life. When the woman kisses the man, he enjoys life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon + +"the smell of your clothes is like the smell of Lebanon." Many cedar trees grew in Lebanon. Cedar trees smell very good, so Lebanon would have smelled sweet and fresh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/12.md b/sng/04/12.md index a231e29245..cffeacf744 100644 --- a/sng/04/12.md +++ b/sng/04/12.md @@ -1,26 +1,63 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] +The man continues to praise the woman. -## translationNotes +# My sister -* The lover continues to praise the woman. -* **My sister, my bride** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:04:09]]. -* **is a garden locked up** - "is a garden that is locked." The lover compares the woman with a locked garden because she belongs only to him and only he can enjoy her. He might also be saying that she is still a virgin whom he has not yet enjoyed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **a spring that is sealed** - The lover compares the woman with a sealed spring for the same reasons that he compared her with a locked garden. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **Your branches...the finest spices** - The lover describes how wonderful the woman is by describing her as a garden full of wonderful things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a grove** - a place where many trees grow together -* **with choice fruit** - "the the best kinds of fruits there" -* **henna** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:12]]. -* **nard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:12]]. -* **spikenard** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:04:12]] -* **saffron** - a spice that comes from the dried parts from the yellow thread in the center of a certain flower. -* **calamus** - This is a reed with a pleasant smell that people used to make anointing oil. -* **cinnamon** - a spice made from the bark of a tree that people used for cooking -* **myrrh** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:12]]. -* **aloes** - a type of large plant that had a very sweet smell -* **all the finest spices** - "all the best spices" +This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](./09.md). AT: "My dear" or "My darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my bride + +This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son's wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](./09.md). + +# is a garden locked up + +"is a garden that no one can enter." The garden is a metaphor for the woman, and the lock is a metaphor for her still being a virgin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a spring that is sealed + +"a spring with a cover on it." The spring or well is a metaphor for the woman, and the cover is a metaphor for her being a virgin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your branches + +branches or channels of rivers, a clear euphemism for the female body part. If any reference to this would be offensive, translate it as a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "You" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a grove + +a place where many trees grow together + +# with choice fruits + +"with the best kinds of fruits" + +# nard plants + +plants that give oil that people used to make their skin soft and to have a pleasant odor. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:14](../01/12.md). + +# henna + +small desert trees that people used as a perfume. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:14](../01/12.md). + +# saffron + +a spice that comes from the dried parts from the yellow thread in the center of a certain flower + +# calamus + +a reed with a pleasant smell that people used to make anointing oil. + +# cinnamon + +a spice made from the bark of a tree that people used for cooking + +# myrrh + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# aloes + +a type of large plant that had a very sweet smell + +# all the finest spices + +"all the best spices" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/15.md b/sng/04/15.md index 993a128abf..8b9020e00c 100644 --- a/sng/04/15.md +++ b/sng/04/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:fountain]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:well]] +The man continues to praise the woman. -## translationNotes +# You are a garden spring -* The lover continues to praise the woman. -* **You are a garden spring** - "You are a spring in a garden." The lover describes how wonderful by comparing her with good water. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **fresh water** - water that is good to drink -* **streams flowing down from Lebanon** - Because Lebanon had mountains covered with trees, the streams from Lebanon would be clean and cool. -* **Awake ....may give off their fragrance** - The woman speaks to the north wind and the south wind as though they were people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Awake** - "Start moving" -* **blow on my garden** - The woman refers to her body by speaking about it as a garden. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **may give off their fragrance** - "send out their good smells" -* **May my beloved...choice fruit** - The woman is inviting her lover to enjoy her as his wife. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **choice fruit** - "wonderful fruit" +"You are a spring in a garden." A garden spring gives sweet, clean water that people enjoy drinking. The man enjoys being close to the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fresh water + +water that is good to drink + +# streams flowing down from Lebanon + +Because Lebanon had mountains covered with trees, the streams from Lebanon were clean and cool. + +# Awake, north wind; come, south wind; blow + +The woman speaks to the north wind and the south wind as though they were people. AT: "I wish the north wind and south wind would come and blow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Awake + +"Start moving" + +# blow on my garden + +The garden is a metaphor for her body, which she has covered with sweet-smelling oils ([Song of Solomon 4:14](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may give off their fragrance + +"may send out their good smells" + +# May my beloved ... choice fruit + +The woman is inviting the man to make love to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# choice fruit + +"wonderful fruit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/intro.md b/sng/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b63f866799 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Song of Solomon 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Beauty ##### +The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same the same standards of beauty. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "My sister, my bride" ##### +The woman described is not the sister of her husband. They are not related. Instead, this is a reference to a woman who is a fellow Israelite. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/01.md b/sng/05/01.md index 75ef4fd545..7381d63541 100644 --- a/sng/05/01.md +++ b/sng/05/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bride]] -* [[en:tw:honey]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# I have come -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **I have come** - It is clearly the woman's lover who is speaking. -* **have come into my garden** - The man describes the woman as a garden. On the night of their wedding, the man is finally able to fully enjoy the woman. He describes this as coming into his garden. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **my sister** - The man calls the woman his sister because he loves her very much like he would love his sister. AT: "the one I love." -* **I have gathered my myrrh...with my milk** - The man uses these images from a garden to indicate that he has been able to enjoy many different aspects of the woman. -* **spice** - plants that have a strong smell or taste -* **drink freely** - "drink generously" or "drink even more than enough" +It is clearly the woman's lover who is speaking. + +# have come into my garden + +The word "garden" is a metaphor for the woman. The man is finally able to fully enjoy the woman as they make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# my sister + +This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](../04/08.md). AT: "my dear" or "my darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my bride + +This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son's wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](../04/08.md). + +# myrrh ... spice ... honeycomb ... honey ... wine ... milk + +These are all metaphors for the man enjoying the woman's body ([Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md), [Song of Solomon 2:04](../02/03.md), [Song of Solomon 4:11](../04/10.md), and [Song of Solomon 4:14](../04/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spice + +plants that have a strong smell or taste + +# Eat ... drink ... be drunk with love + +Eating and drinking are metaphors for making love. AT: "Make love ... make love ... make love until you are fully satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/02.md b/sng/05/02.md index f9bf3b3afb..97fc2a0ec5 100644 --- a/sng/05/02.md +++ b/sng/05/02.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sister]] +Here begins Part Four of the book -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* Here begins Part Four of the book -* The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: 1) the woman describes a dream about a night when her lover came to visit her at her house; and 2) the woman describes a dream about starting to have sex with her lover. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **but my heart was awake** - AT: "but my mind was awake." AT: "but my feelings were active." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **Open to me** - This refers to opening a door but it can also be interpreted as a sexual request. AT: "Open the door for me" or "Open yourself to me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **my sister** - A term of affection. See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:04:09]]. -* **my love** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:09]]. -* **My dove** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:14]]. -* **undefiled one** - "my perfect one" or "my faithful one" or "my innocent one" -* **dew** - drops of water or mist that form during the cool of the night when the temperature drops -* **my hair with the night's dampness** - The wet night air makes the man's hair wet because he is standing outside. -* **my head is wet with dew, my hair with the night's dampness** - This is repeated for emphasis and for the beauty of the poetry used here. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: 1) the woman describes a dream about a night when the man came to visit her at her house; and 2) the woman describes a dream about starting to sleep with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# but my heart was awake + +The heart is the center of thought and feeling. AT: "but I could think clearly" or "but I knew what I was feeling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# Open to me + +Possible meanings are 1) literal, "Open the door for me," or 2) metaphorical, "Let me make love to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my sister + +This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](../04/09.md). AT: "my dear" or "my darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my love + +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# my dove + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:14](../02/14.md). + +# undefiled one + +"my perfect one" or "my faithful one" or "my innocent one" + +# dew + +drops of water or mist that form as the night becomes cool + +# my hair with the night's dampness + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "my hair is wet with the night's dampness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/03.md b/sng/05/03.md index ff0613a298..7e5d89a66e 100644 --- a/sng/05/03.md +++ b/sng/05/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# "I have ... dirty?" -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:robe]] +You may need to make explicit that these words are what the woman thought to herself when she heard the man speak ([Song of Solomon 5:2](./02.md)). Or you could turn this into an indirect quote, as the UDB does. AT: "I said to myself, 'I have ... dirty?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## translationNotes +# robe -* **robe** - thin linen clothing that people wore on their skin -* **must I put it on again?** - AT: "I do not want to get dressed again." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I have washed my feet** - Possible interpretations are 1) the young woman had washed her feet so that she could go to bed or 2) The word "feet" is sometimes used as a euphemism to refer to a woman's private parts. AT: "I washed myself." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]) -* **My beloved put in his hand through the opening of the door latch** - Possible interpretations are 1) the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or 2) this describes the start of the sexual act. In this context, "hand" serves as a euphemism for a man's private parts. -* **My beloved** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:12]]. -* **door latch** - "door lock" +thin linen clothing that people wore on their skin + +# must I put it on again? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I do not want to put it on again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I have washed my feet + +While the word "feet" can be a euphemism for private parts, this probably refers to literal feet. The woman seems more likely to want to make love than to want to refrain from lovemaking because she has just bathed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# must I get them dirty? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I do not want to get them dirty." + +# My beloved put in his hand through the opening of the door latch + +Possible interpretations are 1) literal, the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or 2) euphemisic, they have begun to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# door latch + +"door lock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/05.md b/sng/05/05.md index 2056928612..d11ea72443 100644 --- a/sng/05/05.md +++ b/sng/05/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I got up to open the door for my beloved -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] +Possible meanings are 1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or 2), metaphorical. AT: "I prepared myself to make love with my beloved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my hands ... my fingers ... door handle -* **I got up to open the door for my beloved** - Possible meanings are 1) the young woman got out of bed in order to let her beloved into the house or 2) "I prepared myself in order to open up myself sexually to my beloved." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **my hands...my fingers** - The words "hands" and "fingers" likely refer to the private parts of a woman. -* **with moist myrrh** - "with liquid myrrh" +While these may be euphemisms for the woman's and man's bodies, it is best to translate literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# with moist myrrh + +"with liquid myrrh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/06.md b/sng/05/06.md index 6c131d2dd1..18f682c0eb 100644 --- a/sng/05/06.md +++ b/sng/05/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:turn]] +The woman continues to describe her dream. -## translationNotes +# my beloved -* The young woman continues to describe her dream. -* **I opened the door for my beloved** - AT: "I opened myself to my beloved." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **my beloved** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:12]]. -* **My heart sank; I became despondent** - "My soul left, when he spoke." AT: "When he spoke, I felt like I had died." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# My heart sank + +The heart is a metaphor for the person, and sinking, going down, is a metaphor for becoming weak or sad. AT: "I was very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/07.md b/sng/05/07.md index 00f7bff1a3..f4575a2ffd 100644 --- a/sng/05/07.md +++ b/sng/05/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The watchmen -* [[en:tw:watch]] +men who have the job of keeping guard of the town at night to keep the people safe. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 3:3](../03/03.md). -## translationNotes +# as they were making their rounds in the city -* **The watchmen** - those who watch and guard the city at night -* **found me** - The word "me" refers to the young woman. -* **struck me** - "beat me" or "hit me" -* **wounded me** - "injured me" -* **the guards on the walls** - "the men who guard the walls" -* **cloak** - an outdoor overgarment that people wore over their other clothing on their upper body when they went out in public. +"who were walking around the city on the walls." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 3:3](../03/03.md). + +# found me + +found the woman + +# struck me + +"beat me" or "hit me" + +# wounded me + +"injured me" + +# the guards on the walls + +"the men who guard the walls" + +# cloak + +a garment that people wore over the other clothing on their upper body when they went outdoors in public \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/08.md b/sng/05/08.md index 39b8164623..1e988e9fc2 100644 --- a/sng/05/08.md +++ b/sng/05/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I want you to swear -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:beloved|beloved]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:love|love]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:plead|plead, pleading, plea]] +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). -## translationNotes +# daughters of Jerusalem -* **Daughters…with you** - See how you translated "I want you to swear, daughters of Jerusalem's men" in [[:en:bible:notes:sng:02:07]]. -* **swear to me** - The young woman wants the other women to make themselves legally obliged to help her. -* **sick because of love** - Her love is so strong that she feels sick. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# my beloved—What will you make known to him?—that I am + +The woman uses a question to introduce what she wants the daughters of Jerusalem to tell her beloved. AT: "my love, this is what I want you to say to him: tell him that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# sick from love + +She loves the man so strongly that she feels sick. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/09.md b/sng/05/09.md index 82c8167b72..28ca5a006d 100644 --- a/sng/05/09.md +++ b/sng/05/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# most beautiful among women -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] +"you who are the most beautiful of all women." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:8](../01/08.md). -## translationNotes +# Why is your beloved better -* **you who are beautiful among women** - See how you translated "most beautiful of women" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:08]]. -* **Why is your beloved better** - "What makes your beloved better" -* **that you ask us to take an oath like this** - "and causes you to have us take this oath" -* **an oath like this** - See the oath in [[en:bible:notes:sng:05:08]]. +"What makes your beloved better" + +# that you ask us to take an oath like this + +"and causes you to have us take this oath" + +# an oath like this + +the oath in [Song of Solomon 5:8](./08.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/10.md b/sng/05/10.md index f5f993b662..dcf915eac5 100644 --- a/sng/05/10.md +++ b/sng/05/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# beloved -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -## translationNotes +# is radiant and ruddy -* **is radiant and ruddy** - It is implied that the woman is describing the skin of her beloved. AT: "has radiant and ruddy skin" -* **radiant** - "is completely healthy" or "is pure." The beloved has skin that does not have any problems. -* **ruddy** - a healthy color of the skin that is brownish red -* **outstanding among ten thousand** - "the best of 10,000." AT: "better than anyone else" or "no one else is like him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **His head is the purest gold** - The beloved's head is as precious to the woman as the purest gold. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **a raven** - a bird with very black feathers +This phrase refers to his complexion. AT: "has radiant and ruddy skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# radiant + +"is completely healthy" or "is pure." The man has skin that does not have any problems. + +# ruddy + +a healthy color of the skin that is brownish red + +# outstanding among ten thousand + +"the best of 10,000." AT: "better than anyone else" or "no one else is like him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# His head is the purest gold + +The man's head is as precious to the woman as the purest gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a raven + +a bird with very black feathers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/12.md b/sng/05/12.md index 571832d500..afd66115c2 100644 --- a/sng/05/12.md +++ b/sng/05/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:like]] +The young woman continues to describe the man. -## translationNotes +# His eyes are like doves -* The young woman continues to describe her beloved. -* **His eyes are like doves** - See how you translated "your eyes are like doves" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:15]]. -* **beside streams of water** - The woman might be using this image to say that her beloved's eyes are moist like the streams of water. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **washed in milk** - "washing themselves in milk." The doves represent the beloved's pupils. These are surrounded by the rest of his eyes, which are as white as milk. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **mounted like jewels** - His eyes are so beautiful that they look like jewels that a craftsman has carefully put in place. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Translate "eyes are like doves" as in [Song of Solomon 1:15](../01/15.md). Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the woman considers the man's eyes beautiful because the way the man looks at her makes her think he is gentle. AT: "He is very gentle" or 2) the woman is speaking of the man's white eyeballs or the shape of his eyes, the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# doves beside streams of water + +Birds that the Israelites considered gentle sitting beside a gently flowing stream are a metaphor for a gentle person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# streams of water + +"gently flowing water" + +# bathed in milk + +Doves are a metaphor for the man's pupils, and milk is a metaphor for the whites of the man's eyes. You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "his pupils are washing themselves in milk" or "his pupils are surrounded by milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mounted like jewels + +His eyes are beautiful. Jewels that a craftsman has carefully put in place are beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/13.md b/sng/05/13.md index d4bb1f20ea..b9dc70772f 100644 --- a/sng/05/13.md +++ b/sng/05/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:myrrh]] +The young woman continues to describe the man. -## translationNotes +# His cheeks ... aromatic scents -* The young woman continues to describe her beloved. -* **His cheeks...aromatic scents** - This explains that his cheeks are like beds of spices because they both give off wonderful smells. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **beds of spices** - a garden or part of a garden where people grow spices -* **yielding aromatic scents** - "that give off wonderful smells." -* **His lips are lilies** - The woman probably compares his lips with lilies because they are beautiful and smell wonderful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lilies** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:16]]. -* **dripping myrrh** - "that drip with the best myrrh." His lips are moist and have a wonderful smell like myrrh. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This explains that his cheeks are like beds of spices because they both give off wonderful smells. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# beds of spices + +gardens or parts of gardens where people grow spices. Spices give people pleasure. The man's body gives the woman pleasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# yielding aromatic scents + +"that give off wonderful smells." + +# His lips are lilies + +The woman probably compares his lips with lilies because they are beautiful and smell wonderful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lilies + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). + +# dripping liquid myrrh + +"that drip with the best myrrh." His lips are moist and have a wonderful smell like myrrh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/14.md b/sng/05/14.md index 2129ccc36a..f2b0ac4139 100644 --- a/sng/05/14.md +++ b/sng/05/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:gold]] +The young woman continues to describe the man. -## translationNotes +# His arms are rounded gold set with jewels -* The young woman continues to describe her beloved. -* **His arms are rounded gold set with jewels** - "His arms are cylinders of gold that have jewels all over them." The woman uses this image to say that his arms are beautiful and precious. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **his abdomen is ivory covered with sapphires** - "his belly is smooth ivory that has sapphires all over it." The woman uses this image to say that his belly is beautiful and precious. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **ivory** - the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make smooth and shiny pieces of art. -* **sapphires** - Sapphire is a kind of clear, valuable stone. This kind of sapphire probably has a yellow or golden color. +"His arms are cylinders of gold that have jewels all over them." The woman uses this image to say that his arms are beautiful and precious. The first readers would have understood this as a metaphor for the male body part (See: [Song of Solomon 5:3](./03.md)), but this would be difficult to bring out in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his abdomen is ivory covered with sapphires + +"his belly is smooth ivory that has sapphires all over it." The woman uses this image to say that his belly is beautiful and precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ivory + +the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make smooth and shiny pieces of art. + +# sapphires + +valuable stones that are either 1) blue or 2) clear and either blue or golden \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/15.md b/sng/05/15.md index be62620907..89f45e3a99 100644 --- a/sng/05/15.md +++ b/sng/05/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] +The woman continues to describe the man. -## translationNotes +# His legs are pillars of marble, set on bases of pure gold -* The young woman continues to describe her beloved. -* **His legs are pillars of marble** - His legs are strong and beautiful like marble pillars. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **marble** - a very strong stone that has many different colors and people and polish it to make it very smooth -* **set on bases of pure gold** - AT: "that have bases of pure gold as their foundation." His feet are valuable and precious like bases of pure gold that support the pillars of marble. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **his appearance is like Lebanon** - "he looks like Lebanon." Lebanon was a very beautiful area with many mountains and trees. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **choice as the cedars** - "as desirable as the cedars" or "excellent like the cedars +Marble and gold are strong and beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# marble + +a very strong stone that has many different colors and that people polish to make very smooth + +# his appearance is like Lebanon + +"he looks like Lebanon." Lebanon was a very beautiful area with many mountains and cedar trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/16.md b/sng/05/16.md index 4b2f7859d1..cc02c438e7 100644 --- a/sng/05/16.md +++ b/sng/05/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] +The young woman continues to describe the man. -## translationNotes +# His mouth is most sweet -* The young woman continues to describe her beloved. -* **His mouth is most sweet** - The woman uses this image to describe the sweet kisses of her beloved or the sweet words that he says. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **he is completely lovely** - "every part of is lovely" or "all of him is lovely" -* **This is my beloved, and this is my friend** - The word "This" refers to the person that the woman has just finished describing. You could also translate this phrase as "That is what my beloved is like, and that is what my friend is like." -* **daughters of Jerusalem's men** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:05]]. +The mouth is a metonym for either 1) the man's sweet kisses or 2) the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he is completely lovely + +"every part of him is lovely" or "all of him is lovely" + +# This is my beloved, and this is my friend + +The word "This" refers to the man that the woman has just finished describing. AT: "That is what the one I love is like, and that is what my friend is like" + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# daughters of Jerusalem + +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/intro.md b/sng/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e1f3dd527d --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Song of Solomon 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Verses 2-7 describe a dream the woman had. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Beauty ##### +The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same standards of beauty. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "My sister, my bride" ##### +The woman described is not the sister of her husband. They are not related. Instead, this is a reference to a woman who is a fellow Israelite. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/01.md b/sng/06/01.md index d07d36a088..c2b122bbbe 100644 --- a/sng/06/01.md +++ b/sng/06/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# In what direction has your beloved gone -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **In what direction has your beloved gone** - "Which way did your beloved go" -* **most beautiful among women** - See how you translated "most beautiful of women" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:08]]. -* **so that we may seek him with you** - AT: "Tell us, so that we can look for him with you." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"Which way did your beloved go" + +# your beloved + +"the man you love" + +# most beautiful among women + +"you who are the most beautiful of all women." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:8](../01/08.md). + +# gone, so that we may seek him with you? + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "gone? Tell us, so that we can look for him with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/02.md b/sng/06/02.md index 59218ec7b3..02084cbbc6 100644 --- a/sng/06/02.md +++ b/sng/06/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# My beloved has gone down to his garden -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] +The word "garden" is a metaphor for the woman. The man is finally able to fully enjoy the woman as they make love. See the explanation of this metaphor in [Song of Solomon 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## translationNotes +# beloved -* **My beloved gone down to his garden** - See the explanation of this image in [[en:bible:notes:sng:05:01]]. -* **to the beds of spices** - See how you translated "beds of spices" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:05:13]]. The beloved has come to enjoy the physical attractions of the woman which are wonderful like spices. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **to graze in the garden and to gather lilies** - The woman uses these images to indicate that her beloved is delighting in her. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **graze** - See how you translated "he grazes" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:16]]. -* **to gather lilies** - "to pick lilies" -* **lilies** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:16]]. -* **I belong to my lover, and my lover belongs to me** - See how you translated "My beloved is mine, and I am his" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:16]]. -* **he grazes among the lilies with pleasure** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:16]]. +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# beds of spices + +gardens or parts of gardens where people grow spices. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 5:13](../05/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to graze in the garden and to gather lilies + +These words are metaphors for the man enjoying her body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# graze + +"feeds" or "eats grass." The woman speaks of the man as if he were "a gazelle or a young stag" ([Song of Solomon 2:17](../02/16.md)) that eats plants among the lilies. Grazing is probably a metaphor for lovemaking ([Song of Solomon 2:1-2](../02/01.md)). See how you translated "he grazes" in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to gather lilies + +"to pick lilies" + +# lilies + +sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of "lily" in [Song of Solomon 2:1](../02/01.md). + +# I am my beloved's, and my beloved is mine + +See how you translated the similar phrase "My beloved is mine, and I am his" in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). + +# he grazes among the lilies with pleasure + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/04.md b/sng/06/04.md index ea532ae3c7..31190ecbd6 100644 --- a/sng/06/04.md +++ b/sng/06/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:tirzah]] +Here begins Part Five of the book -## translationNotes +# as beautiful as Tirzah, my love, as lovely as Jerusalem -* Here begins Part Five of the book -* **as beautiful as Tirzah, my love, as lovely as Jerusalem** - The lover compares the woman's beauty and pleasantness with beautiful and pleasant cities. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **lovely** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:05]]. -* **as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners** - inspiring as an army with its banners** - The beauty of the woman is so powerful that it makes the lover feel helpless, as if an army were approaching him. +These cities were famous for being beautiful and pleasant to be in. The man thinks the woman is beautiful, and he takes pleasure in being with her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my love + +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# lovely + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:5](../01/05.md). + +# as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners + +The beauty of the woman is so powerful that it makes the man feel helpless, as if an army were approaching him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/05.md b/sng/06/05.md index 61d64d433d..0f9287074e 100644 --- a/sng/06/05.md +++ b/sng/06/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] +The man continues to praise the woman. -## translationNotes +# overwhelm me -* The lover continues to praise the woman. -* **overwhelm me** - "terrify me." The eyes of the woman are so beautiful that it makes the lover feel overwhelmed and afraid because he cannot resist their power. -* **Your hair...from the slopes of Mount Gilead** - See how you translated "Your hair...from Mount Gilead" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:04:01]]. +"terrify me." The eyes of the woman are so beautiful that it makes the man feel weak and afraid because he cannot resist their power. + +# Your hair ... from the slopes of Gilead + +Translate "Your hair ... from Mount Gilead" as in [Song of Solomon 4:1](../04/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/06.md b/sng/06/06.md index d9e34a3d6b..031467b19b 100644 --- a/sng/06/06.md +++ b/sng/06/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:veil]] +The man continues to praise the woman. -## translationNotes +# Your teeth are like a flock of ewes -* The lover continues to praise the woman. -* **Your cheeks are like pomegranate halves -* See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:04:03]]. +After sheep have their wool cut off, they are washed and their skin looks very white. The woman's teeth are white. See how "Your teeth are like a flock of newly shorn ewes" is translated in [Song of Solomon 4:2](../04/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# coming up from the washing place + +The ewes are coming up out of the water. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:2](../04/02.md). AT: "that are coming up out of the water after people have washed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Each one has a twin + +Sheep usually give birth to two lambs at one time. These twin lamb usually look like one another. Each of the woman's teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:2](../04/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# none among them is bereaved + +Each of the woman's teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. She has not lost any of her teeth. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:2](../04/02.md). + +# bereaved + +lost a loved one who has died. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:2](../04/02.md). + +# are like pomegranate halves + +Pomegranates are smooth, round, and rich red. The man thinks the woman's cheeks are beautiful and show that she is healthy. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:3](../04/03.md). AT: "are red and round like two halves of a pomegranate" or "are red and full and healthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# behind your veil + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:1](../04/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/08.md b/sng/06/08.md index 511ce028a8..d891bc4b3e 100644 --- a/sng/06/08.md +++ b/sng/06/08.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# There are sixty queens, eighty concubines ... young women without number -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:concubine]] -* [[en:tw:dove]] -* [[en:tw:praise]] -* [[en:tw:queen]] +These numbers are to be large, then larger, and then beyond counting. AT: "There are 60 queens, 80 concubines ... more young women than anyone could count" or "There are many queens, even more concubines, and more young women than anyone could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# My dove -* **There are sixty queens, eighty concubines** - "There are 60 queens, 80 concubines." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **young women without number** - The words, "without number" means that no one can count them. AT: "multitudes of young women" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **My dove, my undefiled** - See how you translated "my dove, my undefiled one" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:05:02]]. -* **is the only one** - "is unique" or "is one of a kind." The lover is contrasting the woman with all the other women. Although there are very many excellent women, this woman stands out as unique among the rest. -* **she is the special daughter of her mother** - "she is her mother's unique daughter" or "she is her mother's daughter that is one of a kind" -* **the woman who bore her** - "the woman who gave birth to her." This phrase refers to her mother. -* **and called her blessed** - "and declared that things had gone especially well for her" or "said that she was fortunate" +The Israelites considered doves beautiful birds with pleasant voices. The man thinks the woman's face and voice are beautiful. If calling a woman a "dove" would be offensive, you could leave out the metaphor. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:14](../02/14.md). AT: "You beautiful woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my undefiled + +"my perfect one" or "my faithful one" or "my innocent one." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 5:2](../05/02.md). + +# the only daughter of her mother + +This is an exaggeration. AT: "her mother's special daughter" or "completely different from her mother's other daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the woman who bore her + +"the woman who gave birth to her." This phrase refers to her mother. + +# young women ... queens ... concubines + +the women spoken of in verse 8 + +# called her blessed + +"said that things had gone especially well for her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/10.md b/sng/06/10.md index a1d9b04f9d..b9bd37e3f8 100644 --- a/sng/06/10.md +++ b/sng/06/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:like]] +The ULB understands this to be what the queens and the concubines said about the woman. However, some versions understand these to be the words of the man. -## translationNotes +# Who is this who appears like the dawn ... banners? -* What the queens and the concubines said about the young woman. However, some versions think that the woman's lover is speaking in this verse also. -* **Who is this who appears like the dawn** - They are using this question to say that they think the young woman is amazing. AT: "This is an amazing woman! She comes into view like the dawn." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **she appears like the dawn** - AT: "she comes into view like the dawn." The lover uses this image to say that the woman is as beautiful and as majestic as the dawn when it begins to shine. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners** - inspiring as an army with its banners** - The beauty of the woman is so powerful that it makes the other women feel helpless, as if an army were approaching them. See how you translated this expression in [[en:bible:notes:sng:06:04]]. +They are using this question to say that they think the young woman is amazing. AT: "This is an amazing woman! She comes into view like the dawn ... banners!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who appears like the dawn + +The dawn is beautiful. The woman is beautiful. AT: "who comes into view like the dawn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners + +The beauty of the woman is so powerful that it makes the other women feel helpless, as if an army were approaching them. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 6:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/11.md b/sng/06/11.md index f5c4050bcb..ace70460b4 100644 --- a/sng/06/11.md +++ b/sng/06/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:pomegranate|pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:prince|prince]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vine|vine]] +The man finishes speaking to himself. Looking to see if plants had matured is probably a metaphor for enjoying the sight of the woman's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# grove -* The lover finishes speaking to himself. -* **grove** - See how you translated this in [[:en:bible:notes:sng:04:12]]. -* **young growth** - "young plants" or "new shoots" -* **had budded** - "had grown their buds." Buds are the small round parts of plants which open up into flowers. -* **were in bloom** - "were opening their flowers" -* **I was so happy that I felt was riding in the chariot of a prince** - The lover uses this image to express how happy he is. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:13](../04/12.md). + +# young growth + +"young plants" or "new shoots" + +# had budded + +"had grown their buds." Buds are the small round parts of plants which open up into flowers. + +# were in bloom + +"were opening their flowers" + +# I was so happy that I felt I was riding in the chariot of a prince + +The man uses this image to express how happy he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/13.md b/sng/06/13.md index c965a808fa..5ec9e0617c 100644 --- a/sng/06/13.md +++ b/sng/06/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:lover]] -* [[en:tw:perfect]] +This is 7:1, the first verse of chapter seven, in some versions. The ULB understands this to be the friends and the woman talking to each other. Some versions understand this to be the man speaking to the woman. -## translationNotes +# Turn back ... gaze on you -* **Turn back** - "Come back" -* **gaze** - look intently at something for a time -* **as if I were dancing between two rows of dancers** - It would be a wonderful thing to see the woman dancing with the other dancers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +Possible interpretations are 1) the friends are speaking to the woman or 2) the man is referring to himself in plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Turn back, turn back + +"Come back, come back." This is repeated for emphasis. + +# we may gaze + +Some versions understand the plural to refer to the man speaking of himself. AT: "I may gaze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# gaze + +look intently for a long time + +# Why do you gaze on the perfect woman ... armies + +Possible interpretations are 1) the woman refers to herself as another person and is speaking to the friends or 2) the woman is speaking to the man as if he were many men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# as if on the dance between two armies + +"as if she were dancing between two armies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/intro.md b/sng/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9343fd2279 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Song of Solomon 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Beauty ##### +The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same standards of beauty. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/01.md b/sng/07/01.md index 9ed4641c49..3228ba07cc 100644 --- a/sng/07/01.md +++ b/sng/07/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:sandal]] +This is 7:2, the second verse of chapter seven, in some versions. -## translationNotes +# How beautiful your feet appear in your sandals -* **How beautiful your feet appear in your sandals** - It is implied by continuing from [[en:bible:notes:sng:06:13]] that the woman's lover is describing her as she dances. AT: "Your feet are so very beautiful in your sandals as you dance." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **prince's daughter** - Though the woman was not born into a royal family, the way she looks and acts cause her to seem to be the daughter of a prince. AT: "you who have a noble character" or "you who are elegant." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **The curves of your thighs are like jewels** - The shape of the woman's thighs are like a beautiful precious stone which a skilled workman carved into the perfect shape. AT: "The curves of your thighs are beautiful like the beautiful curves of jewel that a skill craftsman made." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **your thighs** - The word "thighs" refers to the hips of a woman and the part of her legs that is above her knee. +It may be that the woman is dancing ([Song of Solomon 6:13](../06/13.md)). AT: "Your feet are so very beautiful in your sandals as you dance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# prince's daughter + +Another possible interpretation is "you who have a noble character." + +# The curves of your thighs are like jewels + +The shape of the woman's thighs remind the speaker of a beautiful precious stone that a skilled workman has carved. AT: "The curves of your thighs are beautiful like the beautiful curves of jewel that a skilled craftsman has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# your thighs + +The word "thighs" refers to the hips of a woman and the part of her legs that is above her knee. + +# the work of the hands of a master craftsman + +The hands are a synecdoche for the person. AT: "the work of a master craftsman" or "something that a master craftsman has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/02.md b/sng/07/02.md index 4f85043ad7..326778b59b 100644 --- a/sng/07/02.md +++ b/sng/07/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:wheat]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +The young woman's lover continues describing the one he loves. -## translationNotes +# Your navel is like a round bowl -* The young woman's lover continues describing the one he loves. -* **Your navel is like a round bowl** - The woman's navel is perfectly shaped like a bowl. AT: "Your belly button is shaped perfectly like a round bowl." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **navel** - the indented spot on the stomach, which is the scar left from the cord that attached a baby to its mother -* **may it never lack mixed wine** - People used large bowls to mix wine with water or snow for a feast. People enjoyed the taste of wine at a feast. AT: "may I always enjoy its beauty" or "may people always rejoice in its beauty." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_litotes]]) -* **Your belly is like a mound of wheat** - People thought that the color of wheat was the most beautiful color of skin and that the round piles of wheat were beautiful. AT: "Your belly has a beautiful color and is round like a pile of wheat." -* **a mound of wheat** - This is a pile of the grains of wheat after people thresh and winnow the wheat. -* **encircled with lilies** - The beautiful flowers make the pile of wheat seem even more beautiful. AT: "that has lilies all around it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **lilies** - a type of large flowers +A bowl is round. The woman's navel is round. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# navel + +the spot on the stomach left from the cord that attaches a baby to its mother + +# may it never lack mixed wine + +People used large bowls to mix wine with water or spices at feasts. Drinking wine is a metaphor for enjoying beauty. The litotes can be translated as a positive. AT: "may it always contain mixed wine" or "may I always enjoy its beauty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Your belly is like a mound of wheat encircled with lilies + +The Israelites thought mounds of wheat and lilies were pleasant to look at. Much wheat was a sign that there would be much food to eat. They threshed wheat in high, dry places, and lilies grow in low, wet places, so this simile combines beautiful sights that people would not usually see at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Your belly is like a mound of wheat + +People thought that the color of wheat was the most beautiful color of skin and that round piles of wheat were beautiful. AT: "Your belly has a beautiful color and is round like a pile of wheat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a mound of wheat + +This is a pile of the grains of wheat after people remove the parts of it that they do not use. + +# encircled with lilies + +"with lilies all around it" + +# lilies + +sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of "lily" in [Song of Solomon 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/03.md b/sng/07/03.md index a2bbf9d2ef..27ab61ecf7 100644 --- a/sng/07/03.md +++ b/sng/07/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,51 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +The man continues describing the woman. -## translationNotes +# two breasts -* The young woman's lover continues describing the one he loves. -* **Your two breasts are like two fawns, twins of a gazelle** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:04:04]]. -* **Your neck is like a tower of ivory** - The lover compares her neck to a tower made of ivory. (Simile: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **ivory** - the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make art and to make things look beautiful. -* **eyes like the pools in Heshbon** - AT: "your eyes are clear and sparkle like the pools of water in Heshbon." -* **Heshbon** - the name of a city east of the Jordan River. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Bath Rabbim** - the name of a city (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **nose is like the tower in Lebanon** - Her nose is long and straight just like the tower is tall and straight. -* **that looks toward Damascus** - "that allows people to look toward Damascus" +If the word "two" seems unnecessary and so out of place, you could omit it. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:5](../04/04.md). + +# like two fawns, twins of a gazelle + +The man implies that the woman's breasts are matching, soft, and perhaps small. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:5](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# twins + +the babies of a mother who gave birth to two babies at one time. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:5](../04/04.md). + +# gazelle + +an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of "gazelles" as in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). + +# Your neck is like a tower of ivory + +A tower is long and straight. Ivory is white. The woman's neck is long and straight, and her skin is light in color. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a tower of ivory + +"a tower that people have decorated with ivory" + +# ivory + +the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make art and to make things look beautiful. + +# your eyes are the pools in Heshbon + +The woman's eyes are spoken of as if they are clear pools of water. Pools of water are clear and sparkle in the sunlight and so are pleasant to look at. The woman's eyes are clear and sparkle and so are pleasant to look at. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "your eyes are as clear as the pools in Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Heshbon + +the name of a city east of the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bath Rabbim + +the name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# nose is like the tower in Lebanon + +A tower is tall and straight, and her nose is tall and straight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# that looks toward Damascus + +The tower looking is a metonym for people on the tower looking. AT: "that allows people to look toward Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/05.md b/sng/07/05.md index b081ef256e..073856afce 100644 --- a/sng/07/05.md +++ b/sng/07/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:carmel]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:purple]] +The man continues to describe the woman. -## translationNotes +# Your head is on you like Carmel -* The lover continues to describe the one he loves. -* **head on you is like Carmel** - ​ The woman is compared to Mount Carmel that rises up above everything else around it. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **dark purple** - Possible translations are 1) "dark black" or 2) "dark red." -* **The king is held captive by its tresses** - AT: "Your hair that hangs down is so beautiful that the king is not able to stop admiring it." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **tresses** - the clusters of hair that hang down from a woman's head. You can also translate this word as "locks" or "curls" or "ringlets." +Mount Carmel is higher than everything else around it. The man wants to look at the woman's head more than at anything else. AT: "Your head is on you like a crown, higher than anything else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# dark purple + +Other possible translations are 1) "dark black" or 2) "dark red." + +# The king is held captive by its tresses + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Your hair that hangs down is so beautiful that the king is not able to stop admiring it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tresses + +the clusters of hair that hang down from a woman's head. + +# love + +"you whom I love" or "you who are loved" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/07.md b/sng/07/07.md index 680f94458d..927a6b75d3 100644 --- a/sng/07/07.md +++ b/sng/07/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:grape]] -* [[en:tw:palm]] +The man describes what he would like to do with the woman . -## translationNotes +# Your height is like that of a date palm tree -* The lover describes what he would like to do with the one he loves. -* **Your height is like that of a date palm tree** - "You stand up like a date palm tree." The woman is tall, stands straight, and is attractive just like a date palm. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **date palm tree** - a tall, straight tree that produces a sweet, brown, and sticky fruit that grows in groups -* **your breasts like clusters of fruit** - The dates on a palm tree grow in very large and beautiful bunches that hang down from the tree. -* **I want to climb...its branches** - The man wants to hold the woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **May your breasts be like clusters of grapes** - The man wants to touch her breasts that are firm but soft just like grapes that are full of their juice. -* **may the fragrance of your nose be like apricots** - AT: "may the breath coming from your nose smell sweet like apricots." -* **apricots** - The word "apricots" refers to tasty, yellow-colored, sweet pieces of fruit. +"You stand up like a date palm tree." Date palm trees are tall and straight, and their branches are only at the top, with the fruit under the branches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# date palm tree + +a tall, straight tree that produces a sweet, brown, and sticky fruit that grows in groups + +# your breasts like clusters of fruit + +The dates on a palm tree grow soft and round in large bunches that hang from the tree just below the branches, which are all at the top. The woman's breasts are soft and round and are just lower than her arms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I said + +"I thought" or "I said to myself." The man said this silently. + +# I want to climb ... its branches + +The man wants to embrace the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May your breasts be like clusters of grapes + +The man wants to touch her breasts. Clusters of grapes are round and soft. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# may the fragrance of your nose be like apricots + +The word "nose" is a metonym for the breath coming out of the nose. AT: "may the breath coming from your nose smell sweet like apricots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# apricots + +sweet yellow fruit \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/09.md b/sng/07/09.md index 720ece882d..a74d821ac0 100644 --- a/sng/07/09.md +++ b/sng/07/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +The man continues describing what he would like to do with the woman. -## translationNotes +# May your palate be like the best wine -* The lover continues describing what he would like to do with the one he loves. -* **May your mouth be like the best wine** - AT: "I want to taste your mouth like the best wine. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **flowing smoothly to my beloved** - "that flows smoothly for the one I love." The lover enjoys the smooth kisses of the woman. -* **gliding over our lips and teeth** - "that flows over my lips and teeth" or "slides over our lips and teeth." +The palate is a metonym for the lips. Wine tastes good. The man wants to kiss the woman's lips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# flowing smoothly for my beloved + +"that flows smoothly for the one I love." The man enjoys the smooth kisses of the woman. + +# gliding over the lips of those who sleep + +"that flows over our lips as we sleep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/10.md b/sng/07/10.md index 9457054fff..7523970808 100644 --- a/sng/07/10.md +++ b/sng/07/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I am my beloved's -* [[en:tw:beloved]] +Translate "My beloved is mine, and I am his" as in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). -## translationNotes +# my beloved's -* **I am my beloved's** - See how you translated "I belong to my lover" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:06:02]]. -* **and he desires me** - "and he is passionate about me" or "and he wants me" +Some versions such as the UDB understand the word "beloved" to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# he desires me + +"he wants to make love to me" or "he wants me" + +# spend the night in the villages + +Though the words here translated "spend the night" and "villages" appear together in [Song of Solomon 1:13-14](../01/12.md) as "spends the night" and "henna flowers," and the context both here and there is lovemaking, the ULB chooses this reading because the immediate metaphor is of the man and woman sleeping in the village, rising in the morning, and going out into the vineyards. The word for "henna plants" and the word for "villages" sound exactly the same. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/12.md b/sng/07/12.md index 8be2f0b7e9..3801b6ca0c 100644 --- a/sng/07/12.md +++ b/sng/07/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +The woman continues to speak to the man. -## translationNotes +# rise early -* The woman continues to speak to her beloved. -* **rise early** - "get up early" or "wake up early" -* **have budded** - "are in the beginning of blooming" -* **blossoms** - flowers when they are open -* **are in flower** - "have flowers open on the plant" -* **I will give you my love** - "I will show you my love" or "I will make love with you" +"get up early" or "wake up early" + +# have budded + +"have begun to bloom" + +# blossoms + +flowers when they are open + +# are in flower + +"have flowers open on the plant" + +# I will give you my love + +"I will make love with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/13.md b/sng/07/13.md index 981f73e79a..017b99187b 100644 --- a/sng/07/13.md +++ b/sng/07/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] +The woman continues to speak to the man. -## translationNotes +# mandrakes -* The woman continues to speak to her beloved. -* **mandrakes** - This is the name of plants that give off a strong but pleasant scent. The scent is slightly intoxicating and stimulating which increases the desire to make love. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **give off their fragrance** - "produce their scent" -* **at the door** - It is implied that the doors belong to their house. AT: "above the entrances of our house" or "by the doors of our house." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **are all sorts of choice fruits, new and old** - "is every kind of the best fruit, both old fruit and new fruit" -* **stored up for you** - "saved for you" or "protected for you" +This is the name of plants that give off a strong but pleasant scent. The scent is slightly intoxicating and stimulating, which increases the desire to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# give off their fragrance + +"produce their scent" or "smell very nice" + +# at the door + +The doors belong to their house. AT: "above the entrances of our house" or "by the doors of our house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are all sorts of choice fruits, new and old + +"is every kind of the best fruit, both old fruit and new fruit" + +# stored up for you + +"saved so I can give to you" + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/intro.md b/sng/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a603cd850b --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Song of Solomon 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Beauty ##### +The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same the same standards of beauty. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Similes ##### +There are many similes in this chapter. Their purpose is to describe the beauty of the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/01.md b/sng/08/01.md index 13c51a15b8..578c4214c3 100644 --- a/sng/08/01.md +++ b/sng/08/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:kiss]] -* [[en:tw:lover]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## translationNotes +# you were like my brother -* See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_poetry]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] -* **you were like my brother** - The woman wishes that she could show her lover her affection in public as she could do her brother. She is not saying that a woman is allowed to make love with her brother. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **you outside** - "you in public" -* **I could kiss you** - A woman would probably kiss her brother on his cheek in order to greet him. -* **would despise me** - "would make me feel ashamed" +A woman could show affection for her brother in public. This woman wanted to be able to show affection for the man in public. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you outside + +"you in public" + +# I could kiss you + +A woman would probably kiss her brother on his cheek order to greet him. + +# would despise me + +"would think that I am a bad person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/02.md b/sng/08/02.md index 44c2f6b674..d747e20c35 100644 --- a/sng/08/02.md +++ b/sng/08/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:pomegranate]] -* [[en:tw:teach]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +The young woman continues to speak to the man. -## translationNotes +# I would lead you and bring you into my mother's house -* The young woman continues to speak to her lover. -* **I would lead you and bring you into my mother's house** - If the lover were her brother, she could bring him to the family home. This was normal in that culture and is still today in some. -* **and you would teach me** - This could also be translated as "and she would teach me." Because the woman is inexperienced in making love, she is imagining that her lover or her mother would teach her how to make love. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **I would give you spiced wine to drink / and some of the juice of my pomegranates** - The woman uses these images to say that she will give herself to her lover and make love with him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **spiced wine** - "wine with spices" or "wine that has spices in it" This represents the intoxicating power of love-making. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **juice of my pomegranates** - The woman represents her own sweet liquid with the extract of pomegranates. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **His left hand...embracing me** - See how you translated "His left hand is under my head, and his right hand embraces me" in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:05]]. +If the man were her brother, she could bring him to the family home. This was normal in that culture and is still today in some. + +# she who taught me + +taught her how to make love (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I would give you spiced wine to drink and some of the juice of my pomegranates + +The woman uses these images to say that she will give herself to the man and make love with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spiced wine + +"wine with spices" or "wine that has spices in it." This represents the intoxicating power of lovemaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His left hand ... embraces me + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:6](../02/05.md). + +# left hand ... right hand + +"left arm ... right arm" + +# embraces me + +"holds me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/04.md b/sng/08/04.md index 6fbe94ecc3..f1381accbf 100644 --- a/sng/08/04.md +++ b/sng/08/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I want you to swear -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md) -## translationNotes +# daughters of Jerusalem -* **I want you...Jerusalem's men** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:07]]. -* **that you will...until it is over** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:07]]. +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# that you will ... until it is over + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/05.md b/sng/08/05.md index 82b049515e..cdfd0b2fc4 100644 --- a/sng/08/05.md +++ b/sng/08/05.md @@ -1,14 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:conceive]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] +Here begins Part Six of the book, the final part -## translationNotes +# Who is this who is coming up -* Here begins Part Six of the book, the final part -* **Who is this who is coming up** - AT: "Look at this amazing woman as she comes up." See how you translated a similar phrase in [[en:bible:notes:sng:06:10]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **I awakened you** - "I woke you up" or "I aroused you" -* **the apricot tree** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:03]]. -* **there** - under the apricot tree -* **she delivered you** - "she bore you" +They are using this question to say that they think the young woman is amazing. A similar phrase was translated in in [Song of Solomon 6:10](../06/10.md). AT: "Look at this amazing woman as she comes up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I awakened you + +"I woke you up" or "I aroused you" + +# the apricot tree + +a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that is very sweet. If your readers will not know what this is, you could use the word for another fruit tree or the general word "fruit tree." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:3](../02/03.md). + +# there + +under the apricot tree + +# she delivered you + +"she bore you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/06.md b/sng/08/06.md index 4bc744e7df..f50dc7b135 100644 --- a/sng/08/06.md +++ b/sng/08/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:hades]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:seal]] +The young woman continues to speak to the man. -## translationNotes +# Set me as a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm -* The young woman continues to speak to her lover. -* **Set me as a seal over your heart, -* Possible meanings are 1) Because seals were very important, people kept them around their neck or on their hand constant. The woman wants to be with her lover constantly like a seal. or 2) A seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it. The woman wants herself as the seal on her lover's heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]] and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **for love is as strong as death** - Death is very strong because it overcomes even the most powerful people of the world. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **as unrelenting as sheol** - "as tough as sheol." Sheol never allows people to come back to life after they have already died. Love is as persistent as sheol because it never changes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **its flames burst out...any other fire** - Love is very powerful like fire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **burst out** - "burn suddenly" +Possible meanings are 1) because seals were very important, people always kept them around their neck or on their hand. The woman wants to be with the man constantly like a seal, or 2) a seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it, and the woman wants herself as the seal on the man's heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# for love is as strong as death + +Death is very strong because it overcomes even the most powerful people of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as unrelenting as Sheol + +"as tough as Sheol." Sheol never allows people to come back to life after they have already died. Love is as persistent as Sheol because it never changes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# its flames burst out ... any other fire + +Love is very powerful like fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# burst out + +"burn suddenly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/07.md b/sng/08/07.md index aebd455fc1..b8b8e53b31 100644 --- a/sng/08/07.md +++ b/sng/08/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flood]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] +The young woman continues to speak to the man. -## translationNotes +# Surging waters cannot quench love -* The young woman continues to speak to her lover. -* **Surging waters cannot quench love** - Love is so strong that it is like a fire that is so hot that it cannot be put out even with an ocean full of water. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Surging waters** - "Oceans of water" or "Huge amounts of water" -* **cannot quench** - "cannot extinguish" or "cannot put out" -* **nor can floods sweep it away** - Love never changes and always stays the same so it is like something that not even a powerful flood can move. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **floods** - In Israel, water from the rain flows into deep and narrow valleys. This creates a flood of water so powerful that it can move huge boulders and trees. Even today, floods sometimes sweep away very strong bridges. -* **sweep it away** - "carry it away" or "wash it away" -* **If a man gave...the offer would utterly be despised** - "Even if a man...he would be utterly despised." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) -* **all the possessions in his house** - "everything he owns" -* **for love** - "in order to get love" or "in order to buy love" -* **the offer would utterly be despised** - "people would completely despise him" or "people would harshly ridicule him" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +Love is so strong that it is like a fire that is so hot that it cannot be put out even with an ocean full of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Surging waters + +"Oceans of water" or "Huge amounts of water" + +# cannot quench + +"cannot extinguish" or "cannot put out" + +# nor can floods sweep it away + +Love never changes and always stays the same so it is like something that not even a powerful flood can move. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# floods + +In Israel, water from the rain flows into deep and narrow valleys. This creates a flood of water so powerful that it can move huge boulders and trees. + +# sweep it away + +"carry it away" or "wash it away" + +# If a man gave ... the offer would utterly be despised + +This is something that could possibly happen. AT: "Even if a man ... he would be utterly despised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# gave + +offered to give + +# all the possessions in his house + +"everything he owns" + +# for love + +"in order to get love" or "in order to buy love" + +# the offer would utterly be despised + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people would completely despise him" or "people would harshly ridicule him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/08.md b/sng/08/08.md index 7cf742ce0d..db7ceed3b7 100644 --- a/sng/08/08.md +++ b/sng/08/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# little sister -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:promise]] +"young sister" -## translationNotes +# What can we do ... in marriage? -* **little sister** - "young sister" -* **she will be promised in marriage** - AT: "a man comes and wants to marry her." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]] and [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) +The speaker uses this question to introduce what he wants to say. AT: "This is what we will do ... in marriage." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# she will be promised in marriage + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a man comes and wants to marry her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/09.md b/sng/08/09.md index 7eadaf6084..a989dbcafc 100644 --- a/sng/08/09.md +++ b/sng/08/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +The young woman's brothers continue to speak among themselves. -## translationNotes +# If she is a wall ... If she is a door -* The young woman's brothers continue to speak among themselves. -* **If she is a wall...boards of cedar** - Because her breasts are small, she has a flat chest like a flat wall or a flat door. The brothers decide to give her decorations in order to help their sister look more beautiful. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **will adorn her** - "will decorate her" +The little sister ([Song of Solomon 8:8](./08.md)) has very small breasts that either have not grown or are very small. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we will build on her a tower of silver ... we will adorn her with boards of cedar + +The brothers decide to decorate the little sister with silver and cedar, symbols of riches, so that she will be more likely to attract a good husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will adorn her + +"will decorate her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/10.md b/sng/08/10.md index 1d2f908bdd..88789e6121 100644 --- a/sng/08/10.md +++ b/sng/08/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# I was a wall -* [[en:tw:like]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:watchtower]] +The wall is a metaphor for a woman with small breasts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# my breasts are now like fortress towers -* **my breasts are now like fortress towers** - The woman's breasts are tall like towers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **so I am completely mature in his eyes** - AT: "so he sees that I am completely mature" or "so he understands that I am completely mature." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **in his eyes** - The word "his" refers to the woman's lover. +Fortress towers are tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I am in his eyes as one + +Here eyes are a metonym for judgment or value. AT: "I am in his judgment as one" or "he thinks of me as one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# brings peace + +You may need to make explicit to whom the woman brings peace. AT: "brings him peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# peace + +"well-being" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/11.md b/sng/08/11.md index 65ff87ebe9..167e7d5cc3 100644 --- a/sng/08/11.md +++ b/sng/08/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:solomon]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] +Possible interpretations: 1) The woman contrasts the way she wants to give herself to the man, who will give her his love, to the way Solomon leases out his vineyard to those who will give him money. 2) The man contrasts the woman, whom he will not give to another man, to Solomon's vineyard, which he gave to other men. -## translationNotes +# Baal Hamon -* **Baal Hamon** - This is the name of a town in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). -* **leased the vineyard** - "rented out the vineyard" -* **to those who would maintain it** - "to people who would take care of it" -* **Each one was to bring a thousand shekels of silver for its fruit** - AT: "Each man was supposed to give Solomon a thousand shekels as payment for the fruit of the vineyard." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) -* **to bring a thousand shekels of silver ** - "to bring 1,000 shekels of silver." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]] and [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) -* **My vineyard is my very own** - "I am in charge of my own vineyard." The woman refers to herself as a vineyard as in [[en:bible:notes:sng:01:05]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the thousand shekels belong to you, my dear Solomon** - The woman freely gives the profit of the vineyard to Solomon even though it belongs to her and she can give it to whomever she wants. +This is the name of a town in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +# gave the vineyard + +leased, agreed to let other people pay him so they could grow grapes in the vineyard + +# to those who would maintain it + +"to people who would take care of it" + +# Each one was to bring a thousand shekels of silver for its fruit + +It may be helpful to state that this payment was for the fruit of the vineyard. AT: "Each man was supposed to give Solomon a thousand shekels as payment for the fruit of the vineyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to bring a thousand shekels of silver + +"to bring 1,000 shekels of silver." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# My vineyard, my very own + +The woman refers to herself as a vineyard, as in [Song of Solomon 1:6](../01/05.md). Here she emphasizes that she and no one else will decide what she dies with the "vineyard." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# is before me + +This is an idiom that means the a person has the right to do what they want with something. AT: "is at my disposal" or "is mine to do with as I desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the thousand shekels are for you, Solomon + +The woman knows that Solomon has leased out the vineyard so he can get money, but she does not want money. + +# shekels + +"coins" + +# Solomon + +Some versions understand the woman to be speaking directly to Solomon. Others understand her to be speaking in an apostrophe to her friends, to the man, or to herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# the two hundred shekels + +The speaker has not mentioned these before, but the hearer would understand that she is speaking of the money that those who worked the vineyard would have left for their own after they paid Solomon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/13.md b/sng/08/13.md index d4080ff875..de57b20968 100644 --- a/sng/08/13.md +++ b/sng/08/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# You who live -* [[en:tw:companion]] +The man is speaking to the woman, so "you" and "live" are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## translationNotes +# listening for your voice -* **for your voice** - "to your voice" -* **let me be the one to hear it as well** - "let me hear it." The word "it" refers to the woman's voice. +The voice is a metonym for what the person says. If your language has a word for thinking only of what one is listening for, you could use it here. AT: "waiting to hear you start speaking" or "waiting to hear what you have to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let me hear it + +"let me hear your voice." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/14.md b/sng/08/14.md index 99cd4b4f0c..4d5f167bcb 100644 --- a/sng/08/14.md +++ b/sng/08/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# beloved -* [[en:tw:beloved]] -* [[en:tw:deer]] +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -## translationNotes +# like a gazelle or a young stag -* **be like a gazelle or a young stag** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:sng:02:16]]. -* **the mountains of spices** - "the mountains that have spices all over them." The woman uses this imagery to invite her lover to enjoy her. See how the lover uses the imagery of a mountain of myrrh and a hill of frankincense in [[en:bible:notes:sng:04:06]]. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:9](../02/08.md). + +# gazelle + +a type of slender deer-like animal with long curved horns + +# stag + +an adult male deer + +# the mountains of spices + +"the mountains that have spices all over them." The woman uses this metaphor to invite the man to make love to her. See how the man uses the metaphor of a mountain of myrrh and a hill of frankincense in [Song of Solomon 4:6](../04/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/intro.md b/sng/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e1a508844 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Song of Solomon 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Kisses ##### +The kisses in this chapter are a type of kiss that was only done between a husband and a wife. It is an intimate kiss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Passion ##### +The chapter describes the passion that can exist between a husband and a wife. This is the feeling of strong or uncontrollable desire for another person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/front/intro.md b/sng/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67af2a6b54 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# Introduction to The Song of Solomon # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of The Song of Solomon #### + +1. The bride longs for the bridegroom to arrive (1:1–2:7) +1. The bridegroom praises the woman he loves (2:8–3:5) +1. The bridegroom arrives and praises the bride (3:6–5:1) +1. The bride longs for the bridegroom (5:2–6:9) +1. The bridegroom praises the beauty of his bride (6:1–8:4) +1. Final thoughts about love between a man and a woman (8:5–14) + +#### What is the Song of Solomon about? #### + +The Song of Solomon is a poem or a series of poems about the love between a man and a woman. It became traditional for Jews to interpret the book as a picture of God's love for the people of Israel. In the same way, it became traditional for Christians to interpret it as a picture of Christ's love for all Christian believers. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +This book may also be called the "Songs of Love," "Great Poems of Love" or "The Love Songs of Solomon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote The Song of Solomon? #### + +The idea that Solomon, king of Israel, was its author comes from the opening verse of the book ("The Song of Songs, which is Solomon's"). However, there are different ways to interpret this verse, so not everyone is persuaded that Solomon was the book's author. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What place do the descriptions of sexual behavior have in The Song of Solomon? #### + +The Song of Solomon shows approval of sexual behavior as an expression of love between a husband and wife. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How many characters are in The Song of Solomon? #### + +The two main characters in this book are the man and the woman, who love each other. There is also the group of women to whom the young woman speaks, and who also themselves make comments, but that group of women might be imaginary, existing only in the young woman's mind. + +Some interpreters believe there may be more characters than these, but this is not certain. The interpretation adopted by the ULB and UDB recognize only the man, the woman, and the group of women. + +#### How should one translate The Song of Solomon if the readers will view certain terms as coarse, vulgar, or improper? #### + +There are many images or forms appearing in the Song of Solomon that, when translated, may be considered improper. The translator should try to avoid offensive language if possible, by using expressions that will not cause offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +#### How do I translate metaphors in this book? #### +There are many metaphors in this book. These metaphors are often ambiguous. If they have sexual meanings, metaphors describing feelings or emotions are often used as euphemisms in order to avoid offense by veiling their meaning. However, since their meanings are often very unclear, ambiguity in translation is encouraged. You might choose to translate the words as they are written in order to avoid committing to a specific meaning or defining the precise intended meaning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/01.md b/tit/01/01.md index 997d44e81c..8ff39ee1ce 100644 --- a/tit/01/01.md +++ b/tit/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# for the faith of -* [[en:tw:apostle]] -* [[en:tw:elect]] -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:paul]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +to strengthen the faith of -## translationNotes +# that agrees with godliness -* **Paul ** - "From Paul." Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. AT: "I, Paul, wrote this letter." -* **a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ** - The phrase "I am" is implied. AT: "I am a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]). -* **to establish the faith ** - AT: "I work to establish the faith" or "I work to build up the faith." -* **God's elect ** - "God's chosen people" or "people who were chosen by God" -* **to establish - ** - ** "to firmly set in place" -* **which agrees with godliness** - "that agrees with God's rules" or "which is good for holy people" -* **God, who is without lies** - "God, who never lies" -* **before all the ages of time.** - "before time began" -* **at the right time ** - "at the proper time" -* **he trusted me to deliver ** - AT: "I was entrusted to proclaim" or "he gave me the responsibility to preach." -* **God our Savior** - "God, who saved us" (See: UDB). +"that is suitable for honoring God" + +# before all the ages of time + +"before time began" + +# At the right time + +"At the proper time" + +# he revealed his word + +Paul speaks of God's message as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. AT: "He proclaimed his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he trusted me to deliver + +"I was entrusted to proclaim" or "he gave me the responsibility to preach" + +# God our savior + +"God, who saves us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/04.md b/tit/01/04.md index a893f1c92b..4efca506f4 100644 --- a/tit/01/04.md +++ b/tit/01/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# a true son -* [[en:tw:christ]] -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:godthefather]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:titus]] +Though Titus was not Paul's biological son, they share a common faith in Christ. Thus, in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. AT: "you are like a son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# our common faith -* **a true son** - Titus was not Paul's actual son. AT: "you are like a son to me." (UDB) -* **our common faith ** - AT: "the faith in Christ that we both share" or "the same teachings that we both believe in." -* **Grace, mercy, and peace** - This was a common greeting. AT: "May grace, mercy, and peace be yours" or "may you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within." -* **Christ Jesus our Savior ** - "Christ Jesus who is our Savior" -* **For this purpose** - AT: "This is the reason" -* **I left you in Crete** - AT: "I told you to stay in Crete." -* **that you might set in order things not yet complete ** - "so that you would finish arranging things that needed to done" -* **ordain elders** - That is, "appoint elders" (See: UDB) or "designate elders" +Paul expresses the same faith in Christ that they both share. AT: "the teachings that we both believe" + +# Grace and peace + +This was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "May you experience kindness and peace within" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Christ Jesus our savior + +"Christ Jesus who is our savior" + +# For this purpose + +"This is the reason" + +# I left you in Crete + +"I told you to stay in Crete" + +# that you might set in order things not yet complete + +"so that you would finish arranging things that needed to done" + +# ordain elders + +"appoint elders" or "designate elders" + +# elders + +In the early Christian churches, Christian elders gave spiritual leadership to the assemblies of believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/06.md b/tit/01/06.md index 05ce07b880..f8321efaeb 100644 --- a/tit/01/06.md +++ b/tit/01/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:elder]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:faithful]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:manager]] +Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul gives the requirements for elders. -## translationNotes +# An elder must be without blame, the husband -* **An elder must be without blame** - This is a double negative emphasizing moral character. AT: “with integrity” or “with a good reputation.” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]]) -* **husband of one wife** - A man must have only one wife. It is unclear if this excludes men who have been previously widowed or divorced, or never married. -* **faithful children** - Possible meanings are 1) children who believe in Jesus or 2) children who are trustworthy. -* **not categorized as** - "not known as" or "do not have the reputation as" -* **undisciplined** - "rebellious" or "does not follow rules" -* **It is necessary for the overseer** - AT: "An overseer must." -* **God's house manager** - "a steward of God," or "as one responsible for the house of God." -* **not addicted to wine** - "not an alcoholic" or "not a drunkard" or "does not drink too much wine" -* **brawler** - "violent" or "who likes to fight" (UDB) +To be "without blame" is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. AT: "An elder must not have a bad reputation and must be the husband" + +# the husband of one wife + +"a faithful husband." Possible meanings are 1) does not pursue relationships with other women or 2) does not have a second wife or concubine. + +# faithful children + +Possible meanings are 1) children who believe in Jesus or 2) children who are trustworthy. + +# undisciplined + +"rebellious" or "failing to follow rules" + +# God's household manager + +Paul speaks of the church as if it were God's household and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing the household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not addicted to wine + +"not an alcoholic" or "not one who drinks much wine" + +# not a brawler + +"not one who is violent" or "not one who likes to fight" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/08.md b/tit/01/08.md index 5d08791432..e8729b5e7d 100644 --- a/tit/01/08.md +++ b/tit/01/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Instead -* [[en:tw:doctrine]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +Paul is changing his argument from what an elder is not to be to what an elder is to be. -## translationNotes +# a friend of what is good -* (Paul continues to describe the type of men that Titus should appoint as elders in the churches.) -* **a friend to strangers** - AT: "hospitable." -* **a friend of what is good** - "love the things that are good" (UDB) -* **tightly hold to** - "be devoted to" or "know well" or "have a strong understanding of" -* **the trustworthy word of doctrine** - AT: "the truth of the word" or "the teaching of the word that is faithful." -* **what is sound** - "what is healthy" or "what is correct" +"a person who loves what is good" + +# hold tightly to + +Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one's hands. AT: "be devoted to" or "know well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# good teaching + +He must teach what is true about God and other spiritual matters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/10.md b/tit/01/10.md index 555d2a6318..bae631146c 100644 --- a/tit/01/10.md +++ b/tit/01/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:circumcise]] +Because of those that would oppose God's word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach God's word and warns him about false teachers. -## translationNotes +# rebellious people -* **those of the circumcision** - "those who have been circumcised" or "those who practice circumcision." This refers to the Jews, who were circumcised. -* **Their words are worthless ** - "Their words do not benefit anyone" -* **It is necessary to stop them ** - "They must be prevented from spreading their teachings" or "They must be stopped from influencing others by their words" -* **what they should not teach** - "things that are not proper to teach" -* **for shameful profit** - "so that people will give them money. This is very shameful!" (UDB). This refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable. -* **break up whole families ** - "ruin entire households." AT: "destroy the faith of whole families." +These are rebellious people opposing Paul's gospel message. + +# those of the circumcision + +This refers to the Christian Jews who taught that one must be circumcised to follow Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their words are worthless + +"Their words do not benefit anyone" + +# It is necessary to stop them + +"They must be prevented from spreading their teachings" or "They must be stopped from influencing others by their words" + +# what they should not teach + +Things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the Law. + +# for shameful profit + +This refers only to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable. + +# break up whole families + +"destroy the faith of whole families" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/12.md b/tit/01/12.md index aa1fa1ee98..3245f8b84e 100644 --- a/tit/01/12.md +++ b/tit/01/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# One of them -* [[en:tw:crete]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"One of the Cretans" or "Someone from the people of Crete" -## translationNotes +# a wise man of theirs -* (Paul continues to warn against the false teachers who have come into the churches.) -* **One of them** - "One of the Cretans" or "Someone from the people of Crete" -* **a wise man of theirs** - AT: "someone his people thought was a prophet" (UDB). -* **Cretans are unceasing liars** - "Cretans are lying all the time" or "Cretans never stop lying." The is an exaggeration. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **bad and dangerous animals** - This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous beasts. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **lazy bellies** - "lazy gluttons" or "people who do nothing but eat too much food." This figure of speech uses the image of their stomachs to describe the whole person. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **So sharply correct them** - "Therefore tell them strongly that they are wrong" -* **that they may be sound in the faith** - "so they will have a healthy faith" or "so they will believe the truth" or "so their faith may be true" +Possible meanings are 1) a prophet or 2) a poet or philosopher or 3) a teacher. + +# Cretans are unceasing liars + +"Cretans lie all the time." This is an exaggeration that means many Cretans lie a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# bad and dangerous animals + +This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous beasts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lazy bellies + +an idiom for people who do nothing but eat too much food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so correct them severely + +"therefore tell them strongly that they are wrong" + +# so that they may be sound in the faith + +"so they will have a healthy faith" or "so their faith may be true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/14.md b/tit/01/14.md index a42ce31f91..282c2eb8ff 100644 --- a/tit/01/14.md +++ b/tit/01/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:jew]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +Paul continues his instructions for what Titus is to teach the Cretans. -## translationNotes +# Jewish myths -* (Paul tells Titus how to deal with the false teachers.) -* **Do not waste time on** - "So not spend time listening to" -* **Jewish myths** - This refers to the false teaching of the Jews. -* **turn away from** - "cause people to stop believing in" +This refers to the false teaching of the Jews. + +# turn back the truth + +Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object in motion that could be turned back in the direction from where it came. AT: "reject the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/15.md b/tit/01/15.md index ffacac82db..f682084b09 100644 --- a/tit/01/15.md +++ b/tit/01/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# To those who are pure, all things are pure -* [[en:tw:confess]] -* [[en:tw:conscience]] -* [[en:tw:disobey]] +"If people are pure on the inside, everything they do will be pure" -## translationNotes +# To those who are pure -* (Paul continues to explain to Titus the nature of the false teachers.) -* **To the pure man, all is pure** - AT: "Everything is pure to the one who is pure" or "If someone is pure inside, everything they do will be pure." -* **pure** - "clean" or "acceptable to God" -* **to the polluted and unbelieving man, nothings is pure** - AT: "the one who is morally defiled and who does not believe cannot be pure." -* **polluted** - "morally unclean" or "corrupt" or "defiled" -* **what they do denies him** - "their actions demonstrate that they do not know him" -* **detestable** - "disgusting" -* **prove to be unfit for any good work** - "show themselves to be unqualified for any good work" or "demonstrate that they are unable to do anything good" +"To those who are acceptable to God" + +# to those who are stained and unbelieving, nothing is pure + +Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. AT: "if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they deny him by their deeds + +"their actions prove that they do not know him" + +# detestable + +"disgusting" + +# They are unapproved for any good deed + +"They are unfit for doing anything good" or "They are not capable of doing anything good" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/intro.md b/tit/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b21c62201b --- /dev/null +++ b/tit/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Titus 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Titus [Titus 1:1-5](./01.md) forms a formal introduction to this letter. It was a common type of introduction for a letter in the ancient Near East. + +Titus [Titus 1:6-9](./06.md) gives the qualifications for the office of elder. 1 Timothy 3 also gives these qualifications. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Overseer and Deacons ##### + +There is some disagreement over the titles used for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The way an action occurs ##### +There are several verbs included in this chapter (should, may, must) which describe the way in which an action occurs. These verbs have different levels of force attached to them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UDB has chosen to translate these verbs more generically. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Titus 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Titus intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/01.md b/tit/02/01.md index 4589098068..3318b624c1 100644 --- a/tit/02/01.md +++ b/tit/02/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:doctrine]] -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:perseverance]] +Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God's word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers. -## translationNotes +# But you, say -* (Paul turns his attention from the false teachers to Titus and the believers.) -* **But you** - AT: "But you, Titus, in contrast with the false teachers." -* **with healthy doctrine** - "with sound doctrine" or "with correct teachings" -* **temperate** - "sober minded" or "self-controlled." AT: "rule themselves." -* **sensible** - "self-controlled" or "in control of their desires." -* **sound** - This describes the next three things: faith, love, and perseverance. To be "sound" means to be "healthy." -* **(sound) in faith** - "with healthy faith" or "correct in their beliefs" -* **(sound) in love** - "with healthy love" -* **(sound) in perseverance** - "steadfast" or "constant" or "untiring" +Paul implies what is in contrast. AT: "But you, Titus, in contrast with the false teachers, be sure to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with faithful instruction + +"with sound doctrine" or "with correct teachings" + +# temperate + +"sober-minded" or "self-controlled" + +# sensible + +"in control of their desires" + +# sound in faith, in love, and in perseverance + +Here the word "sound" means to be firm and unwavering. The abstract nouns "faith," "love," and "perseverance" can be stated as verbs. AT: "and they must firmly believe the true teachings about God, truly love others, and continually serve God even when things are difficult" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/03.md b/tit/02/03.md index d737e9ddb1..0e34a1abc7 100644 --- a/tit/02/03.md +++ b/tit/02/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# likewise -* [[en:tw:condemn]] +"in the same way" or "also" -## translationNotes +# should always present themselves as reverent, not gossips -* **likewise** - "in the same way." AT: "as you instruct the older men, instruct the older women as well." -* **should always present themselves** - "should be" or "should live as" -* **gossips** - The word that is translated here as "gossips" means "devils" or "slanderers" or "enemies." It here refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not." -* **call** - "teach" or "discipline" or "encourage" -* **balanced in their thinking** - "think wisely" -* **be pure** - AT: "think good thoughts and do good actions" or "think clean thoughts and do good things." -* **so that God's word may not be condemned** - "so that God's message will not be rejected." AT: "so that God's word will not be criticized or rejected because of what the women do." +"should prove themselves to be reverent, not gossips" or "should live reverent lives and not be gossips" + +# gossips + +This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not. + +# They should not be enslaved to much wine + +A person who cannot control themselves and drinks too much wine is spoken of as if the person were a slave to the wine. This can be stated in active form. AT: "They should not drink too much wine" or "They should not be addicted to wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that God's word may not be insulted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that no one insults God's word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/06.md b/tit/02/06.md index 74ab1ebace..468cbd065c 100644 --- a/tit/02/06.md +++ b/tit/02/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# In the same way -* [[en:tw:evil]] +Titus was to train the younger men like he was to train the older people. -## translationNotes +# present yourself as -* **in the same way** - This refers back to the training of the women in the church. Titus was to train the men in a similar manner. -* **call** - "teach" or "tell" or "exhort" -* **present yourself** - AT: "You should be" or "Show yourself to be." -* **a model of good works** - "an example of doing right and proper things" -* **healthy words beyond reproach** - "teaching that does not contain any error" -* **would bring shame upon someone if he tried to oppose you** - This presents a hypothetical situation where someone opposes Titus and is himself shamed as a result. It is not expressing a current event. Your language may have a way of expressing this. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_hypo]]) +"show yourself to be" + +# an example of good works + +"an example of one who does right and proper things" + +# words that are above criticism + +"teaching that cannot be criticized" or "a message that people cannot criticize" + +# so that anyone who opposes you may be ashamed + +This presents an imaginary situation where someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. AT: "so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed" or "so that if people oppose you, they may be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/09.md b/tit/02/09.md index 3466d425da..cd03f950df 100644 --- a/tit/02/09.md +++ b/tit/02/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# their masters -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] +"their own masters" -## translationNotes +# in all things -* **their masters** - "their own masters" -* **in everything** - "in every situation" or "always" -* **please them** - AT: "make their masters happy" or "satisfy their masters." -* **show good faith** - AT: "be faithful to their masters" or "demonstrate they are worthy of their masters' trust." -* **God our Savior** - "our God who saves us" -* **attractive** - The word translated as "attractive" has the meaning of a something such as a gift being decorated to make it desirable. -* **in every way** - "in everything they do." +"in every situation" or "always" + +# please them + +"make their masters happy" or "satisfy their masters" + +# demonstrate all good faith + +"show that they are worthy of their masters' trust" + +# in every way + +"in everything they do" + +# they may bring credit to the teaching about God our Savior + +"they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive" or "they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good" + +# God our Savior + +"our God who saves us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/11.md b/tit/02/11.md index b9436d55e1..6fc3266180 100644 --- a/tit/02/11.md +++ b/tit/02/11.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:godly]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] +Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus' coming and remember his authority through Jesus. -## translationNotes +# the grace of God has appeared ... trains us -* **You see** - "Titus, you understand" -* **the grace of God that is able to bring salvation to everyone has appeared** - AT: "the saving grace of God has come to light for everyone." -* **has appeared** - "come to light" or "become visible" -* **trains us to deny ungodliness** - "teaches us to do right things." AT: "teaches us to resist temptation to do wrong things." -* **trains us** - This is a figure of speech that presents the grace of God as a person who trains and disciplines people to live holy lives. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **worldly passions** - "strong desires for the things of this world" or "strong desires for earthly pleasures" -* **in this age** - "while we live in this world" or "during this time" -* **we look to receive** - "We wait to welcome" -* **the appearance of the glory of** - The words "appearance" and "glory" can be combined to say "the glorious appearance of." +Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who goes to other people and trains them to live holy lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# trains us to deny ungodliness + +"teaches us not to dishonor God" + +# worldly passions + +"strong desires for the things of this world" or "strong desires for sinful pleasures" + +# in this age + +"while we live in this world" or "during this time" + +# we look forward to receiving + +"we wait to welcome" + +# our blessed hope, the appearance of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ + +Here "glory" represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. AT: "the good thing for which we hope, that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/14.md b/tit/02/14.md index 55bd30cd62..2f0ef64868 100644 --- a/tit/02/14.md +++ b/tit/02/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# gave himself for us -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:lawless]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] +This refers to Jesus dying willingly. AT: "gave himself to die for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# to redeem us from all lawlessness -* **gave himself for us** - "gave himself to die for us" -* **to set us free from lawlessness** - "to release us from our sinful condition." This is a metaphor that compares being released from sin's control to the freedom of a slave being purchased by someone. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **make pure** - "cleanse" -* **a treasured people** - AT: "a group of people that he treasures." -* **are eager** - "have a strong desire" +Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a special people + +A group of people that he treasures. + +# are eager + +"have a strong desire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/15.md b/tit/02/15.md index 19ec40fefd..8c56071c08 100644 --- a/tit/02/15.md +++ b/tit/02/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Speak of and encourage these things -* [[en:tw:authority]] +"Teach these things and encourage the hearers to do these things" -## translationNotes +# Give correction with all authority -* **speak of and encourage these things** - AT: "teach these things and encourage the hearers to do these things." -* **give correction** - "correct those people who do not do these things" -* **Let no one** - "Do not allow anyone to" -* **disregard you** - AT: "refuse to listen to your words" or "refuse to respect you." +This statement can be made explicit. AT: "Correct with all authority those people who do not do these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let no one + +"Do not allow anyone to" + +# disregard you + +This statement can be made explicit. AT: "refuse to listen to your words" or "refuse to respect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/intro.md b/tit/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06f667fcc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/tit/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Titus 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gender roles ##### + +Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in light of its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things (this belief is known as egalitarianism). Other scholars believe men and women were created to be distinct and to serve in different roles in marriage and the church (this belief is known as complementarianism). How one understands this issue may affect how this passage is translated. + +##### Slavery ##### + +This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. Paul's teaching on slavery was rather radical during his time because masters were not expected to treat their slaves in such a pleasant way. Overall, Paul's focus is on living in a way pleasing to God despite the circumstances of one's life. The translator should remember that Paul is in prison when he writes these words. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Titus 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/01.md b/tit/03/01.md index 0e0d750265..beef574134 100644 --- a/tit/03/01.md +++ b/tit/03/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:authority]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:obey]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] +Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete. -## translationNotes +# Remind them to submit -* **Remind them** - "Tell the people at church again what they already know," or "Keep reminding them." -* **submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them ** - AT: "do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them." -* **rulers and authorities** - These words are similar, and used together to include everyone who holds authority in the government. -* **be ready for every good work** - "be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity" -* **revile** - "speak evil of" -* **let other people have their way** - AT: "be gentle" +"Tell our people again what they already know, to submit" or "Keep reminding them to submit" + +# submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them + +"do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them" + +# rulers and authorities + +These words have similar meanings and are used together to include everyone who holds authority in the government. + +# be ready for every good work + +"be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity" + +# revile + +"speak evil of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/03.md b/tit/03/03.md index a95232aa1b..2d2a5b719e 100644 --- a/tit/03/03.md +++ b/tit/03/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# For -* [[en:tw:disobey]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] +"Because" -## translationNotes +# once -* (Paul explains why he told Titus that we should teach with humility.) -* **For** - "Because" -* **once** - "formerly" or "at some time" or "previously" -* **thoughtless** - "foolish" or "unwise" -* **led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures** - This metaphor compares the way our sinful desires control us to slavery. AT: "our sinful wishes make us slaves to our strong desires for pleasure." (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **led astray** - AT: "deceived." -* **passions** - "lusts" or "desires" -* **lived in evil and envy** - AT: "We were always doing evil things and wanting what someone else has." -* **We were detestable** - "We were worthy of being hated." AT: "We caused others to hate us." +"formerly" or "at some time" or "previously" + +# thoughtless + +"foolish" or "unwise" + +# led astray ... by various passions and pleasures + +Paul speaks of our sinful desires as if they were people who led us off the right path. AT: "we were deceived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# enslaved by various passions and pleasures + +Paul speaks of our formerly extremely strong desires to do wrong as if they had been our slavemasters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# passions + +"lusts" or "desires" + +# We lived in evil and envy + +Here "evil" and "envy" are similar words for sin. AT: "We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# We were detestable + +"We caused others to hate us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/04.md b/tit/03/04.md index b5c6014f02..33fad2b520 100644 --- a/tit/03/04.md +++ b/tit/03/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# when the kindness of God our savior and his love for mankind appeared -* [[en:tw:bornagain]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul speaks of God's kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# by his mercy -* (Paul continues to explain why he told Titus that we should teach with humility.) -* **when the kindness of God our Savior and his love towards mankind appeared** - AT: "when God our Savior displayed his love and kindness to people." -* **toward mankind** - "for humans" -* **saved us through** - "saved us by means of" or "saved us by" -* **washing of new birth** - AT: "making us inside by our spiritual new birth." -* **renewal** - "being made new." AT: "the Holy Spirit made us new" or "The Holy Spirit made us new people." -* **because of works which we have done in righteousness** - "because we do good things" (UDB) -* **according to** - "in the same measure as" +"because he had mercy on us" + +# washing of new birth + +Paul is probably speaking of God's forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/06.md b/tit/03/06.md index f7d7c777e6..6d02fd184e 100644 --- a/tit/03/06.md +++ b/tit/03/06.md @@ -1,22 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# richly -* [[en:tw:eternity]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] -* [[en:tw:heir]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:jesus]] -* [[en:tw:justify]] -* [[en:tw:savior]] +"abundantly" or "generously" -## translationNotes +# poured the Holy Spirit on us -* (Paul reminds Titus to teach humbly because we received grace.) -* **poured the Holy Spirit on us** - This is a metaphor resembling the anointing of priests. AT: "gave the Holy Spirit to us generously." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **everlasting** - "eternal" -* **richly** - "abundantly" or "generously" -* **through our Savior Jesus Christ** - "when Jesus saved us" -* **having been justified** - AT: "We have already been made righteous by God" -* **we became heirs** - AT: "God made us sons with rights of inheritance." -* **of the hope of eternal life** - "and we know for certain that we have eternal life" +It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that could be poured. AT: "gave the Holy Spirit to us generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through our Savior Jesus Christ + +"when Jesus saved us" + +# having been justified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "since God has declared us to be without sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we might become heirs through the confidence of eternal life + +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/08.md b/tit/03/08.md index 54871b6a26..69aca2b765 100644 --- a/tit/03/08.md +++ b/tit/03/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# This message -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +This refers to God giving the believers the Holy Spirit through Jesus in [Titus 3:7](./06.md). -## translationNotes +# may be intent on the good works -* **These words** - This refers to the statement about God giving us the Holy Spirit through Jesus in the previous verse. -* **set their minds on ** - "focus on" or "continually think about" -* **that he put before them - ** - ** AT: "that God gave to them to do." +"may seek to do the good works" + +# that he put before them + +Paul speaks about good deeds as if they were objects that God could place in front of people. AT: "that God prepared for them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/09.md b/tit/03/09.md index 39af050fc0..db9dd93153 100644 --- a/tit/03/09.md +++ b/tit/03/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:condemn]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers. -## translationNotes +# But -* **But** - "But you, Titus" -* **foolish debates** - "arguments concerning unimportant matters" -* **strife** - "quarreling" -* **the law** - "God's law" -* **reject** - AT: "Do not interact with" or "Do not spend time with" or "avoid" -* **after one or two warnings** - "after you have warned that person once or twice" -* **such a one** - "a person like that" -* **condemns himself** - AT: "bring judgment upon himself." +"But you, Titus," + +# foolish debates + +"arguments concerning unimportant matters" + +# genealogies + +This is the study of family kinship relationships. + +# strife + +"quarreling" + +# the law + +"the law of Moses" + +# Reject anyone + +"Stay away from anyone" + +# after one or two warnings + +"after you have warned that person once or twice" + +# such a one + +"a person like that" + +# has turned from the right way + +Paul speaks of someone who makes errors as if he were leaving the path on which he had been walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# condemns himself + +"brings judgment on himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/12.md b/tit/03/12.md index 5b45ce5e0d..0cbfedd068 100644 --- a/tit/03/12.md +++ b/tit/03/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:apollos]] -* [[en:tw:tychicus]] +Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him. -## translationNotes +# When I send -* (Paul ends the letter by telling Titus what to do after he finishes appointing elders in Crete.) -* **When I send** - "After I send" -* **Artemas, Nicopolis, Zenas** - (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **spend the winter** - "stay for the winter" -* **hurry and come** - "You hurry and come" or "Come quickly" -* **Hurry and send** - "You hurry" or "Do not delay in sending" -* **and Apollos** - "and also send Apollos" +"After I send" + +# Artemas ... Tychicus ... Zenas + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# hurry and come + +"come quickly" + +# spend the winter + +"stay for the winter" + +# Hurry and send + +"Do not delay in sending" + +# and Apollos + +"and also send Apollos" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/14.md b/tit/03/14.md index 90add5cbf7..6d390c0a6c 100644 --- a/tit/03/14.md +++ b/tit/03/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:works]] +Paul explains why it is important to provide for Zenas and Apollos. -## translationNotes +# Our people -* (Paul explains why it is important to provide for Zenas and Apollos.) -* **set before themselves** - "be busy doing" -* **so that they may not be unfruitful** - AT: "so they will be fruitful" or "so they can produce fruit for God" or "so their lives will be useful." (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]]) +Paul is referring to the believers in Crete. + +# urgent necessities + +These are important unplanned or immediate needs that were not previously known. + +# and not be unfruitful + +This double negative means they should be fruitful or productive. AT: "so they will be fruitful" or "so that they will be productive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# and not be unfruitful + +Paul speaks of good results as if they were fruit. AT: "so they will produce good results" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/15.md b/tit/03/15.md index a98addc2d1..672922681c 100644 --- a/tit/03/15.md +++ b/tit/03/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:faith]] -* [[en:tw:grace]] +Paul ends his letter to Titus. -## translationNotes +# All those -* (Paul ends his letter to Titus.) -* **All those** - "All the people" -* **those who love us in faith- ** - ** Possible meanings are 1) "the believers who love us" or 2) "the believers who love us because we share the same belief." -* **Grace be with all of you- ** - ** This was a common Christian greeting. AT: "May God's grace be with you" or "I ask that God will be gracious to all of you." +"All the people" + +# those who love us in faith + +Possible meanings are 1) "the believers who love us" or 2) "the believers who love us because we share the same belief." + +# Grace be with all of you + +This was a common Christian greeting. AT: "May God's grace be with you" or "I ask that God will be gracious to all of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/intro.md b/tit/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c650515d95 --- /dev/null +++ b/tit/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Titus 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter appears to shift the letter's focus and gives Titus personal instructions. + +[Titus 3:12-15](./12.md) forms a formal conclusion to this letter. This is a common type of conclusion for a letter in the ancient Near East. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Genealogies ##### + +This is probably a reference to some group's speculation over the identification of the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Titus 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/front/intro.md b/tit/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..82d940b25a --- /dev/null +++ b/tit/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Introduction to Titus # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Titus #### + +1. Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders (1:1-16) +1. Paul instructs him to train people to live godly lives (2:1-3:11) +1. Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers (3:12-15) + +#### What is the Book of Titus about? #### + +Paul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul gave him specific instructions about how to select and train church leaders. His letter describes how church leaders should be held to a high standard, both by Titus and by the believers. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Titus." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to Titus" or "A Letter to Titus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### In what roles can people serve within the church? #### + +There are some controversial teachings in the Book of Titus concerning whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. It is important to avoid relying on one's theological perspective while doing translation. Further research on these issues prior to translation may be necessary. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What is the meaning of "God our Savior?" #### + +This is a common phrase in this letter. It emphasizes the fact that God has saved Christians from the punishment for their sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/01.md b/zec/01/01.md index ecb5ef0c43..c2fef3f59a 100644 --- a/zec/01/01.md +++ b/zec/01/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# In the eighth month -* [[en:tw:darius]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# the second year of Darius' reign -* **Berechiah...Iddo** - These are the names of males. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **second year of Darius' reign** - "second year since Darius became king" -* **exceedingly angry with your fathers** - "very angry with your forefathers" -* **"Turn to me ** - The word "turn" is used to refer to a change. Yahweh is telling the people of Israel to change from not obeying him to obeying him. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **this is Yahweh of hosts' declaration** - This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **"and I will return to you"** - By saying he will return to the people of Israel, Yahweh is saying that they will have good things happen because he is helping them. AT: "and I will bless you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"the second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "the second year since Darius became king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Berechiah ... Iddo + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# exceedingly angry with your fathers + +"very angry with your forefathers" + +# Turn to me ... and I will return to you + +Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/04.md b/zec/01/04.md index d783051499..2278181686 100644 --- a/zec/01/04.md +++ b/zec/01/04.md @@ -1,30 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|Yahweh of Hosts]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, ]] -* [[en:tw:evil|prophet]] -* [[en:tw:father]] -* [[en:tw:repent]] -* [[en:tw:repent|repent]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:servant|servant, slave,]] -* [[en:tw:word]] +No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. The phrases "evil ways" and "wicked practices" mean basically the same thing. AT: "Stop doing all of your wicked actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# But they would not hear and did not pay attention to me -* **cried out** - "shouted" -* **turn** - "change" -* **But they would not hear and did not pay attention to me** - Both of these phrases mean that the people of Israel would not obey the commands of Yahweh. AT: "But they would not listen to my commands" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]) -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **Your fathers, where are they? And the prophets, are they here forever?** - Both of these questions are asked to point out the fact that people die. AT: "Your fathers have died. The prophets will also die." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers?** - This question is used to show the people of Israel that everything that the Lord had told his prophets to warn their ancestors about, had happened. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **my words and my decrees** - These are both ways to refer to what God has said to the prophets. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **overtaken your fathers** - Yahweh speaks about his prophecies like they are running to catch up and pass the ancestors of the people of Israel. The word "overtaken" means passed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* ** his word and practice** - AT: "his manner" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +Both of these phrases mean that the people of Israel would not obey the commands of Yahweh. AT: "But they would not listen to my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:3](./01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Your fathers, where are they? Where are the prophets, are they here forever? + +These two rhetorical questions emphasize that both their ancestors and the prophets who proclaimed Yahweh's message to their ancestors have died. The questions can be translated as a statement. AT: "Neither your fathers nor the prophets are here because they have all died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. Yahweh speaks of the people's ancestors experiencing the consequences of not obeying Yahweh's commands as if his words and decrees were a person who had chased after and overtaken them. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers." or "But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my words and my decrees + +These phrases are both ways to refer to Yahweh's message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# our ways and actions + +The words "ways" and "actions" mean basically the same thing. AT: "our behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/07.md b/zec/01/07.md index a2390e5124..a4559256b0 100644 --- a/zec/01/07.md +++ b/zec/01/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:darius]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:reign]] -* [[en:tw:reign|reign]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:son|son]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"Shebat" is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## translationNotes +# in the second year of Darius' reign -* **the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month** - fourth day of the eleventh month** - "day 24 of month 11" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]]) -* **Shebat** - This is the name of a month. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah...saying** - AT: “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” -* **Berechiah...Iddo** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **myrtle trees** - a kind of small tree with colorful flowers. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_unknown]]) +"in the second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "in the second year since Darius became king." See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](./01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Berechiah ... Iddo + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# look + +The word "look" here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw. + +# myrtle trees + +a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# I said, "What are these things, Lord?" Then the angel who talked with me + +Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the "man" who was "riding on a red horse." + +# What are these things, Lord? + +"What are these things, sir?" Here the word "Lord" is a form of polite address. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/10.md b/zec/01/10.md index 0a49889f44..d95ee4825b 100644 --- a/zec/01/10.md +++ b/zec/01/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the man who stood among the myrtle trees ... the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:earth|earth]] -* [[en:tw:rest]] -* [[en:tw:rest|rest]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +These phrases refer to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./07.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. AT: "the man who was among the myrtle trees ... the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# These are those ... They answered ... they said -* **These are those...They answered** - The words "these" and "they" refer to the horses among the myrtle trees. -* **roam throughout the earth** - Possible meanings: 1) "patrol the entire world" or 2) "walk throughout the earth" -* **among the myrtle trees** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:zec:01:07]]. -* **all the earth sits still and is at rest** - AT: "all the people in the world are at peace" -* **sits still and is at rest** - Both of these phrases refer to being able to relax without anything to worry about. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The words "these" and "they" refer to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to roam throughout the earth + +It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the earth sits still and is at rest + +There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. Possible meanings are 1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or 2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/12.md b/zec/01/12.md index 6711291674..e0af0c7b77 100644 --- a/zec/01/12.md +++ b/zec/01/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:word|word]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of Hosts]] +Here the words "Jerusalem" and "cities" refer to the people who live in those cities. AT: "to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# with good words, words of comfort -* **have suffered indignation** - Possible meanings 1) "you have been angry with" (UBD) or 2) "have been treated with disrespect" -* **talked with me with good words, words of comfort** - These phrases describe words that are both good and comforting. AT: "encouraged me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) +"with good, comforting words" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/14.md b/zec/01/14.md index c0a5b0a7e0..c2618a1374 100644 --- a/zec/01/14.md +++ b/zec/01/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# I have been jealous for Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:YahwehofHosts]] -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:jealous]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Here the word "jealous" refers to Yahweh's strong desire to protect his people. -## translationNotes +# I am very angry with the nations that are at ease -* **And I am very greatly angry with the nations that are at ease** - AT: "I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security" -* **for I was but a little displeased** - AT: "for I was only a little angry with the people of Judah" (UDB) (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **and they helped forward the affliction** - Bringing something forward refers to making something increase. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The phrase "at ease" means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. AT: "I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I was only a little angry with them + +"I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem" + +# they made the disaster worse + +"the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse." This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/16.md b/zec/01/16.md index c40299a374..a4f9d6daab 100644 --- a/zec/01/16.md +++ b/zec/01/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies -* [[en:tw:YahwehofHosts]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +Possible meanings are 1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or 2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. AT: "I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# My house will be built within her -* **I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies** - Returning to Jerusalem refers to once again taking care of the people of Israel like a king returning to lead his people out of trouble. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **My house will be built within her** - AT: "My temple will be built in Jerusalem" -* **this is Yahweh of hosts' declaration** - This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **"and the measuring line will be stretched forth over Jerusalem!" ** - AT: "and Jerusalem will be surveyed before rebuilding" -* **My cities will once again overflow with goodness** - Yahweh refers to the good things he will do for the people of Israel like a liquid that could fill the cities and flow over the walls. AT: "The cities of Israel will once again be prosperous" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yahweh will again comfort Zion** - AT: "Yahweh will encourage the people of Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem, and the word "house" is a metonym for the temple. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people will build my temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](./01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem + +This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. This can be stated in active form. AT: "builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem" or "the people will rebuild Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Again call out, saying + +The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words. + +# My cities will once again overflow with goodness + +The phrase "my cities" refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. AT: "My cities will once again be prosperous" or "The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh will again comfort Zion + +Here the word "Zion" refers to the people who live in the city. AT: "Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/18.md b/zec/01/18.md index 95e02f48e2..23bb730d45 100644 --- a/zec/01/18.md +++ b/zec/01/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# I lifted up my eyes -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. AT: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem -* Zechariah continues to describe his vision. -* **I lifted up my eyes** - This phrase refers to turning your head to look up. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **the horns that have scattered Judah** - These horns represent the armies that attacked the people of Israel. AT: "Those horns represent the nations" (UDB). +Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The words "Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem" represent the people who lived in those places. AT: "These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/20.md b/zec/01/20.md index 9279433993..d1dda875c1 100644 --- a/zec/01/20.md +++ b/zec/01/20.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# craftsmen -* [[en:tw:castout]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +"blacksmiths" or "metalworkers" -## translationNotes +# these people -* Yahweh continues to describe Zechariah's vision for him. -* **blacksmiths** - People with this job make things out of metal. They are used to refer to the swords of an army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the horns that scattered Judah** - See note in [[en:bible:notes:zec:01:18]]. -* **no man would lift up his head** - This phrase describes someone who is too afraid to look something that scares him. AT: "no man would have courage" (See: "[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **drive them out** - "drive those nations out" -* **to cast down the horns** - "to defeat the armies" -* **lifted up any horn** - This refers to blowing a horn to command an army. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This refers to the four craftsmen. + +# These are the horns that scattered Judah + +The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The word "Judah" represents the people who lived in Judah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:19](./18.md). AT: "These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that no man would lift up his head + +The nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. AT: "and caused them to suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah + +Yahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. AT: "to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn + +"to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/intro.md b/zec/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e26ec92a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Zechariah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariah's vision given by the Lord. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:3-6, 14-17, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Visions ##### +This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Date ##### +Zechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariah's prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Zechariah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/01.md b/zec/02/01.md index bab9e5d378..645c5f3942 100644 --- a/zec/02/01.md +++ b/zec/02/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I lifted up my eyes -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] +The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. AT: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# measuring line -* Zechariah continues to describe his visions. -* **I lifted up my eyes** - AT: "I looked up" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **measuring line** - A rope with a certain length used to measure large things. -* **So he said to me,** - "So the man with the measuring line said to me" +a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land + +# So he said to me + +"So the man with the measuring line said to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/03.md b/zec/02/03.md index f0a6921aa8..28c5d94516 100644 --- a/zec/02/03.md +++ b/zec/02/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# another angel went out to meet him -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:fire|fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:glory|glory, glorious]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +This angel is a new participant who has not appeared before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## translationNotes +# The second angel said to him -* **another angel went out to meet him** - This angel is a new person and has not appeared before, and so should be clearly introduced as a new participant. AT: "a new angel went out to meet him:" -* **The second angel said to him, "Run and speak to that young man** - "The second angel said to the angel who had spoken with Zechariah, "Go quickly and tell the man with the measuring line"" -* **Jerusalem will sit in the open country** - This phrase means that Jerusalem will not be surrounded by walls. -* **become for her a wall of fire around her** - Yahweh is saying he will protect Jerusalem and compares his protection to a wall of fire. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +"The second angel said to the angel who had talked with me" + +# Jerusalem will sit in the open country ... beasts within her + +The phrase "will sit in the open country" translates a word that refers to a city that has no walls. There will be so many inhabitants in the city that it will be too large to have walls around it. AT: "Jerusalem will not have walls around it ... beasts within the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I ... will become for her a wall of fire around her + +People built walls around their cities for protection. Here Yahweh speaks of protecting Jerusalem as if he himself were a wall of fire around the city. AT: "I ... will protect the city, like a wall of fire around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/06.md b/zec/02/06.md index d6adcb3a0d..547d28c3c5 100644 --- a/zec/02/06.md +++ b/zec/02/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Up! Up! -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] -* [[en:tw:zion|Zion, Mount Zion]] +These two words express urgency and add emphasis to the following command. The words can be translated with an expression that communicates urgency in your language. AT: "Run! Run!" or "Hurry! Hurry!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## translationNotes +# the land of the north -* **Ho! Ho!** - These two words are repeated and show urgency to the message that follows. It is used twice because the message is very important. -* **land of the north** - This refers to Babylon. -* **I have scattered you like the four winds of the skies** - This means the people of Israel are far from each other. The four winds refer to different parts of the earth. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **daughter of Babylon** - This refers to the capital city of Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This refers to Babylon. + +# I have scattered you like the four winds of the skies + +The phrase "the four winds of the skies" means "in every direction." Yahweh compares causing the people to live in many different countries with the way that the wind can blow from any direction. AT: "I have scattered you in all directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you who live with the daughter of Babylon + +The phrase "daughter of Babylon" refers to the city of Babylon. Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a daughter. AT: "you who live in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/08.md b/zec/02/08.md index 4226cc14e6..d8e42c24b9 100644 --- a/zec/02/08.md +++ b/zec/02/08.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:hand|hand]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:honor|honor]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:send|send, send out]] -* [[en:tw:servant]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of Hosts, God of Hosts]] +Zechariah begins to speak and tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the nations who have plundered Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# plundered you -* Zechariah tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the nations who have plundered Jerusalem. -* **plundered you** - "stole things from Jerusalem after it was attacked" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **for whoever touches you** - The word "touches" refers to a touch meant to harm. AT: "for whoever hurts you" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the apple of God's eye** - The apple of an eye refers to the dark part inside of the eyeball that allows a person to see. This is a very important and sensitive part of the body. This phrase is used to say Jerusalem is very important to God and something he will protect. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **shake my hand over them** - This is a gesture used to show that God has chosen to destroy something. AT: "signal they are going to be destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and they will be plunder** - Their cities have already been destroyed and are left open for people to steal anything they would like. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +The word "you" refers to Jerusalem. + +# for whoever touches you + +The word "touches" refers to a touch meant to harm. AT: "for whoever harms you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the apple of God's eye + +The apple of an eye refers to the pupil of the eye, which is one of the most sensitive parts of the body. The idiom "apple of the eye" refers to something that is most valuable. Here it means that God greatly values Jerusalem. AT: "what is most valuable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I myself will shake my hand over them + +Raising one's hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. AT: "I myself will fight against them" or "I myself will attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they will be plunder for their slaves + +The word "plunder" can be translated with a verb. AT: "their slaves will plunder them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/10.md b/zec/02/10.md index 4851325d26..273cf60467 100644 --- a/zec/02/10.md +++ b/zec/02/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Sing for joy, daughter of Zion -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +"Zion" is the same as "Jerusalem." The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. AT: "Sing for joy, Zion" or 2) the phrase "daughter of Zion" is a metonym for the people who live in the city. AT: "Sing for joy, people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# I myself am about to come and encamp among you -* **daughter of Zion** - This is another name for Jerusalem that refers to the city like a daughter of the heavenly city of Zion. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **encamp** - to set up and use a camp -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **nations will join themselves to Yahweh** - "nations will make become loyal to Yahweh" +"I myself am about to come and live among you." To "encamp" means to set up and use a camp. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# great nations will join themselves to Yahweh + +Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh's people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. AT: "the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in that day + +"at that time" + +# I will encamp in the midst of you + +"I will live among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/12.md b/zec/02/12.md index 16a8f5d2a7..ea70ed7d79 100644 --- a/zec/02/12.md +++ b/zec/02/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Yahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possession -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy, holiness]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah|kingdom of Judah, Judah]] -* [[en:tw:possess]] -* [[en:tw:possess|possess, possession]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Zechariah speaks of Yahweh claiming Judah as his own land as if Judah were something that Yahweh inherits as a permanent possession. AT: "Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# all flesh -* **Yahweh will inherit ... in the holy land** - AT: "Yahweh will make Judah his personal portion of the holy land. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **all flesh** - Yahweh refers to all living creatures by calling them flesh. Flesh is something that is common among all living creatures. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **been roused out of the heavens** - This phrase refers to Yahweh being caused to take action on earth. -* **roused** - to be woken up or made more alert +Here the word "flesh" represents all humanity. AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he has been roused + +Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. It is implied that this action refers to his returning to Jerusalem. AT: "he is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from out of his holy place + +Here "his holy place" refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. AT: "from his holy place in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/intro.md b/zec/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e14213cad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Zechariah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah's third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:4-13, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Visions ##### + +This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "This is Yahweh's declaration" ##### +This phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UDB often translates this as "Yahweh says." +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/01.md b/zec/03/01.md index c2d8b65744..45f3a856c4 100644 --- a/zec/03/01.md +++ b/zec/03/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:Satan]] -* [[en:tw:accuse]] -* [[en:tw:righthand]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +Yahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest. -## translationNotes +# Satan was standing at his right hand to accuse him of sin -* Yahweh shows Zechariah a vision. -* **Is this not a brand pulled from the fire?** - AT: "Joshua is like a stick pulled from a fire" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **a brand pulled from the fire** - A brand is a piece of burning wood that is removed from a fire before it is completely burned up. This refers to Joshua, who was rescued from captivity in Babylon and returned to Jerusalem (see UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **filthy garments** - In this vision dirty clothes are being used as a symbol to show sinfulness. +"Satan was standing at Joshua's right side, ready to accuse Joshua of sin" + +# Is this not a brand pulled from the fire? + +The angel of Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Joshua is a brand pulled from the fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a brand pulled from the fire + +A brand is a burning piece of wood. The angel of Yahweh speaks of Joshua being rescued from captivity in Babylon as if he were a piece of wood that someone pulls from a fire before the wood is completely burned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Joshua was dressed in filthy garments + +In this vision "filthy garments" are symbolic of sinfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/04.md b/zec/03/04.md index 1c658962e6..8656b6309f 100644 --- a/zec/03/04.md +++ b/zec/03/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# those who stood before him -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] +The word "him" refers to the angel. The phrase refers to other angels who were present. -## translationNotes +# Look -* **dress you in fine clothing** - Here fine clothing symbolizes righteousness. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **turban** - a piece of long cloth wrapped around the head +The word "look" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# I have caused your iniquity to pass from you + +Since Joshua's garments were symbolic of his sinfulness, by removing his garments, the angel removed Joshua's iniquity. Causing iniquity to pass from him is an idiom that means that he had removed Joshua's iniquity. AT: "I have removed your iniquity from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# dress you in fine clothing + +Here fine clothing symbolizes righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# Let them put + +Here the word "them" refers to the other angels who were present. + +# turban + +a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/06.md b/zec/03/06.md index 5301c86466..56b67fc5a0 100644 --- a/zec/03/06.md +++ b/zec/03/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# solemnly commanded Joshua -* [[en:tw:command]] -* [[en:tw:courtyard]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"commanded Joshua in a very serious manner" -## translationNotes +# If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments -* **solemnly commanded Joshua** - "commanded Joshua in a very serious manner" -* **will walk in my ways** - Walking in the same ways refers to doing the same things. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **if you will keep my commandments** - AT: "if you will remember and obey my commandments" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **adjudicate** - "make judgements" -* **keep my courts** - "be responsible for my courtyards" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahweh's paths. AT: "If you will obey me and keep my commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will govern my house and guard my courts + +Here the word "house" is a metonym for the temple, while the word "courts" refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. AT: "you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to go and come among these who stand before me + +The phrase "to go and come among" is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. AT: "to come before me as these who stand here do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/08.md b/zec/03/08.md index dd46094c3c..653f2ec4c4 100644 --- a/zec/03/08.md +++ b/zec/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:sign]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] +The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to Joshua. -## translationNotes +# your companions who live with you -* The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to Joshua. -* **your companions who live with you** - AT: "the other priest who live with you" -* **my servant the Branch** - The title "Branch" should be translated in the same way as the branch of a tree. It means the servant of Yahweh will come from Yahweh like a branch comes from a tree. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **engrave** - "carve" -* **inscription** - words that are written on something or cut into something -* **this is Yahweh of hosts' declaration** - This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. AT: "the other priests who live with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For these men are a sign + +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant. + +# my servant the Branch + +The word "Branch" refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh's people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word "Branch" is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the stone that I have set before Joshua + +Here the word "stone" likely refers to a precious stone or jewel. + +# There are seven eyes on this single stone + +The sides or facets of the stone that reflect light are spoken of as if they are eyes. AT: "There are seven sides on this single stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will engrave an inscription + +It is implicit that he will engrave the inscription on the stone. AT: "I will engrave an inscription on the stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# engrave + +"carve" + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will remove the sin from this land in one day + +Here the word "land" represents the people who live in the land. AT: "I will remove the sin of the people from this land in one day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/10.md b/zec/03/10.md index cb2557f84d..d5ecad47b7 100644 --- a/zec/03/10.md +++ b/zec/03/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# In that day -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimeday]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:fig]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +"At that time" -## translationNotes +# each man will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig tree -* **this is Yahweh of hosts' declaration** - This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +Both the "vine" and the "fig tree" are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. AT: "because they will be at peace, each person will invite his neighbor to come and sit under his vine and his fig tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/intro.md b/zec/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..27e5f2c3d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Zechariah 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:7-9, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Difficult concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Visions ##### +It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The high priest ##### + +This chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/01.md b/zec/04/01.md index 7be7d9bea4..d342e375fa 100644 --- a/zec/04/01.md +++ b/zec/04/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# roused me like a man roused from his sleep -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] -* [[en:tw:olive|olive]] +Zechariah compares the way in which the angel interrupted his being in deep thought with the way someone would awaken another person from sleep. AT: "caused me to become more alert like a man awakened from his sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## translationNotes +# lamp wicks -* **roused me like a man roused from his sleep** - "caused me to become more alert like a man woken from his sleep" -* **lamp wicks** - the parts of a lamp that are lit on fire -* **the left side** - AT: "the left side of the bowl" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_ellipsis]]) +the parts of a lamp that are lit on fire + +# the left side + +The ellipsis in this phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "the left side of the bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/04.md b/zec/04/04.md index 636aa87380..41a1ebfe10 100644 --- a/zec/04/04.md +++ b/zec/04/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# Do you not know what these things mean? -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] - -## translationNotes - -* There are no translation notes for these verses. +The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you know what these things mean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/06.md b/zec/04/06.md index 40858821c2..fa3052557b 100644 --- a/zec/04/06.md +++ b/zec/04/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision. -## translationNotes +# Not by might nor by power -* **seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh** - The seven lamps are symbols for the eyes of Yahweh. -* **the eyes of Yahweh** - The word "eyes" refers to God seeing because eyes are used for seeing. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. AT: "You will not succeed by might nor by power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Not by might nor by power + +Possible meanings are 1) that the words "might" and "power" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel's strength or 2) that the word "might" refers to military strength and the word "power" refers to Zerubbabel's physical ability. AT: "Certainly not by your own strength" or "Not by military strength nor by your own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain + +This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel's success. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain" or "Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he will bring out the top stone + +The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. AT: "he will bring out the top stone of the temple" or "he will complete the construction of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to shouts of 'Grace! Grace to it!' + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "grace" refers to God's grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. AT: "while people shout, 'May God bless it! May God bless it!'" or 2) the word "grace" refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. AT: "while people shout, 'Beautiful! It is beautiful!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/08.md b/zec/04/08.md index 6955e34da3..0d7293c2a1 100644 --- a/zec/04/08.md +++ b/zec/04/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# Connecting Statement: -* [[en:tw:lampstand]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:oil]] -* [[en:tw:olive]] +The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision. -## translationNotes +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -* The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision. -* **the two golden pipes** - "the two gold spouts" -* **Don't you know what these are?** - This question points out that Zechariah should understand the vision but he does not. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **sons of oil** - This phrase refers to the two olive trees who each have a branch that produces oil for the lamps of Yahweh. Each branch represents a man who has been anointed by God for service. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The hands of Zerubbabel have laid ... his hands will bring it to completion + +Here the word "hands" represents Zerubbabel. AT: "Zerubbabel has laid ... he will bring it to completion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the foundation of this house + +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the foundation of this temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Who has despised the day of small things? These people will rejoice + +Zechariah uses this rhetorical question to speak specifically about those who have "despised the day of small things." It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Those who have despised the day of small things will rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the day of small things + +"the time of small things." This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. AT: "the time when progress was slow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# plumb stone + +This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight. + +# These seven lamps ... these two olive trees + +These phrases refer to the lamps and olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./01.md). + +# These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth + +The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. The angel speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens on the earth as if his eyes roamed over the whole earth. AT: "These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/12.md b/zec/04/12.md index 1608b0e4ed..f7ef90b09a 100644 --- a/zec/04/12.md +++ b/zec/04/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# What are these two olive branches -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Here Zechariah changes his question and asks about branches that are connected to the two olive trees. -## translationNotes +# the two gold pipes -* **Zerubbabel** - This is the name of a man. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Not by might nor by power** - These phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **Who are you, great mountain?** - Yahweh asks this question to the mountain to point out that through the Spirit of Yahweh, not even a mountain is strong enough to overpower Zerubbabel. AT: "Great mountain, even you are weak compared to Zerubbabel." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **he will bring out the top stone** - The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. +These pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariah's vision. It is possible that they are connected to the bowl on top of the lampstand and provide the oil with which the lampstand burns. + +# golden oil + +Here "golden" refers to the color of the oil and does not mean that the oil was made of gold. + +# Do you not know what these are? + +The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you know what these are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/14.md b/zec/04/14.md index 6011622d0a..6e0dd338c7 100644 --- a/zec/04/14.md +++ b/zec/04/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# These are the sons of fresh olive oil -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +The branches symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. AT: "These two branches represent the sons of fresh olive oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# the sons of fresh olive oil -* **The word of Yahweh came to me and said** - AT: "Yahweh spoke to me and said" -* **The hands of Zerubbabel...his hands shall also finish it** - Zerubbabel oversees the building of the temple. The building is referred to as "his hands" even though his own hands may not have laid the stones. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **laid the foundation** - The foundation is base of a building and the first part of the building project. AT: "began building" -* **Who has despised ... small things?** - This question is not asked to receive an answer but to tell the people not to despise "the day of small things". (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **the day of small things** - This phrase is a title for the time period where each day simple tasks were done. Together, these small tasks built the temple. The entire time of building is referred to as one day even though it took several years to complete. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **plumb stone** - a stone that is connected to a rope. This is used to determine if the walls of a building are being built straight up or crooked. +This idiom means that these men have been anointed with fresh olive oil. A person who is anointed is one whom Yahweh has chosen or appointed for a special duty. AT: "the anointed men" or "the men whom Yahweh has appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who stand before the Lord + +The idiom "stand before" means to be in a person's presence and to serve him. AT: "who serve the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/intro.md b/zec/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..16ae6be569 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Zechariah 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand and olive trees. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Visions ##### +This chapter shows a conversation between Zechariah and the angel of Yahweh. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/01.md b/zec/05/01.md index 74f46678af..1be811d7ae 100644 --- a/zec/05/01.md +++ b/zec/05/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# Then I turned -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaldistance|cubit]] -* [[en:tw:scroll]] -* [[en:tw:scroll|scroll]] +The word "I" refers to Zechariah. -## translationNotes +# lifted my eyes -* **Then I turned** - The word "I" refers to Zechariah. -* **lifted my eyes** - This means to look up at something. He says "I lifted my eyes" because that is the part of the body a person sees with. AT: "looked up" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **behold** - The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw. +The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. AT: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw. + +# twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/03.md b/zec/05/03.md index 7752b1b3bb..6701ae2ce5 100644 --- a/zec/05/03.md +++ b/zec/05/03.md @@ -1,24 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:face]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +The angel continues to speak with Zechariah. -## translationNotes +# This is the curse -* The angel continues to speak with Zechariah. -* **goes out over the face of** - This phrase refers to the curse like a cloud that spreads to cover the face of the land. The word "face" refers to the surface of the land like a person's face is on the surface of their head. AT: "effects" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **based on what it says on the one side** - "based on what the scroll has written on one side" -* **what it says on the other side** - "what the scroll has written on the other side" -* **according to their words** - The phrase "their words" refers to what was said in their oath. AT: "according to what they said" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **'I will send it out** - The word "it" refers to the curse. -* **this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts** - This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **the house** - This refers to the man's family and everything they own. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **of the one that swears** - "of the man that swears" -* **timber** - wood used for building +The word "this" refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. AT: "On this scroll is the curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that goes out over the surface of the whole land + +The phrase "the surface of the whole land" refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. AT: "that is upon every person within the whole land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# every thief will be cut off ... everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off + +Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will cut off every thief ... Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath" or "Yahweh will remove every thief from the land ... Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what it says on the one side ... what it says on the other side + +"what the scroll says on one side ... what the scroll says on the other side" + +# I will send it out + +"I will send out the curse" + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# consume its timber and stones + +The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. AT: "destroy its wood and stones" or "completely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/05.md b/zec/05/05.md index 2aa61d9e31..18d9775920 100644 --- a/zec/05/05.md +++ b/zec/05/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Raise your eyes -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity]] -* [[en:tw:iniquity|iniquity]] +The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. AT: "Look up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming -* **Raise your eyes** - This phrase commands a person to look up by referring to their eyes. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **a lead covering** - This refers to a heavy cover. Lead is a heavy metal. -* **there was a woman under it sitting in it** - A woman could not literally fit inside a basket of this size. In Zechariah's vision though, so did fit in the basket. Often in visions the sizes of things are exaggerated. Both the basket and the woman are symbolic and represent other things. +An "ephah" is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. AT: "This is a measuring basket that is coming" or "This is a large container that is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This is their iniquity in the whole land + +The basket symbolizes the people's iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. AT: "This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# a lead covering was lifted off the basket + +This can be stated in active form. AT: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there was a woman under it sitting in it + +"there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/08.md b/zec/05/08.md index 55ad0a9dc5..de147995e9 100644 --- a/zec/05/08.md +++ b/zec/05/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# This is Wickedness -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:evil|evil, wicked, wickedness]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] +The woman represents wickedness. AT: "This woman represents wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# He threw her ... he threw the lead cover -* **This is Wickedness** - The woman represents wickedness. AT: "Her name is Wickedness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **and wind was in their wings** - This phrase describes how the women used their wings to be carried by the wind and fly. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **they had wings like a stork's wings** - The women had wings that looked like stork's wings. A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of 2 to 4 meters. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **between heaven and earth** - The basket was lifted up into the sky. It says "between heaven and earth" to draw attention to them and show where the basket was in relationship to them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_merism]]) +"He thrust her ... he forced the lead cover." The word "threw" indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover. + +# I lifted my eyes + +Here the word "eyes" represents the person who sees. AT: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# wind was in their wings + +This idiom means that they were flying. AT: "they were flying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they had wings like a stork's wings + +A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the women's wings with the size of the stork's wings. + +# They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven + +The words "earth" and "heaven" form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. AT: "They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/10.md b/zec/05/10.md index 08ef04a8c9..5ee53e3523 100644 --- a/zec/05/10.md +++ b/zec/05/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it -* [[en:tw:shinar]] +The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. AT: "They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## translationNotes +# the basket will be set there -* **Where are they taking the basket?** - "Where are the women taking the barrel?" -* **so that when the house is ready … on its prepared base** - "and when it is ready, the barrel will be set in the place prepared for it" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will set the basket there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on its prepared base + +The words "prepared base" refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/intro.md b/zec/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..37a9e5bf98 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Zechariah 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter contains the next two visions. One is about a flying scroll and one is about the basket filled with iniquity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/iniquity]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 5:4, which is an important quotation. + + + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/01.md b/zec/06/01.md index df1a138e1a..ef0d902a81 100644 --- a/zec/06/01.md +++ b/zec/06/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# lifted my eyes -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:bronze]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:chariot|chariot]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lord|lord, master, sir]] +Here the word "eyes" represents the person who sees. AT: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## translationNotes +# between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronze -* **lifted my eyes** - This means to look up at something. He says “I lifted my eyes” because that is the part of the body a person sees with. AT: "looked up" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **two mountains were made of bronze** - "two mountains were bronze" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **first chariot ... second chariot ...** - "chariot 1 ... chariot 2 ... chariot 3 ... chariot 4" +Since the second phrase describes the mountains in the first phrase, the two phrases may be combined. AT: "between two bronze mountains" + +# The first chariot had red horses + +It is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. AT: "The first chariot had red horses pulling it" or "Red horses were pulling the first chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/05.md b/zec/06/05.md index fdf22c495c..d02eae2598 100644 --- a/zec/06/05.md +++ b/zec/06/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# These are the four winds of heaven -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:heaven|heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] +The chariots symbolize the four winds of heaven, but they are not literally the four winds. AT: "These chariots represent the four winds of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## translationNotes +# the four winds of heaven -* **These are the four winds of heaven** - The angel explains that the chariots with horses are symbols for the 4 winds of heaven. -* **four winds** - The word "winds" refers to the four directions: north, east, south, and west. +This phrase refers to the four directions from which the wind blows: north, east, south, and west. However, some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression to mean "four spirits." + +# standing before the Lord of all the earth + +The idiom to "stand before" means to be in a person's presence and to serve him. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 4:14](../04/14.md). AT: "serving the Lord of all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the white horses are going out to the west country + +Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase to mean "the white horses are going out after them," that is, following the black horses to the north country. + +# the white horses are ... the spotted gray horses are + +Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. AT: "the chariot with the white horses is ... the chariot with the spotted gray horses is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/07.md b/zec/06/07.md index f0e5fd5e2b..988bb0b4cb 100644 --- a/zec/06/07.md +++ b/zec/06/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# he called out to me -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit, spiritual]] +"the angel called out to me" -## translationNotes +# Look at the ones -* **Look at the ones** - "Look at the black horses" +"Look at the black horses" + +# they will appease my spirit concerning the north country + +The words "my spirit" refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read "Yahweh's spirit." Possible meanings are 1) the word "spirit" represents Yahweh's emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country AT: "they will calm my anger concerning the north country" or 2) the word "spirit" represents Yahweh's presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh's blessings. AT: "they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/09.md b/zec/06/09.md index 1bbfa5a97b..37661f5fa9 100644 --- a/zec/06/09.md +++ b/zec/06/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:babylon]] -* [[en:tw:babylon|Babylon, Babylonian]] -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:exile]] -* [[en:tw:exile|exile, the Exile]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest]] -* [[en:tw:highpriest|high priest]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:joshua]] -* [[en:tw:joshua|Joshua]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah|Josiah]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod|word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, scripture]] -* [[en:tw:zephaniah]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah ... Jehozadak -* **the word of Yahweh came to me** - AT: "Yahweh spoke to me" -* **Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah ... Jehozadak** - These are the names of men. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Then take the silver and gold, make a crown** - AT: Then use the silver and the gold to make a crown. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **Joshua the son of Jehozadak** - This is not the same man who was Moses' helper; this is the high priest from the book of Haggai. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# this same day + +"today" + +# take the silver and gold, make a crown + +"make a crown with the silver and gold" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/12.md b/zec/06/12.md index 01bf62700d..a8a9424859 100644 --- a/zec/06/12.md +++ b/zec/06/12.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Speak to him and say -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:ruler]] -* [[en:tw:splendor]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:throne]] -* [[en:tw:understand]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +"Speak to Joshua and say" -## translationNotes +# his name is Branch -* **Speak to him and say** - AT: "Yahweh told the angel to speak to Zechariah and say" -* **his name is Branch** - The angel of Yahweh gives this name to the new king Joshua. Translate this name as you did in [[en:bible:notes:zec:03:08]]. -* **he will grow up** - The phrase "grow up" is a word picture of branch beginning to sprout. AT: "he will sprout" -* **raise up its splendor** - Possible meanings: 1) "increase the temple's splendor" or 2) "lift up and put on the temple's splendor for himself like a person might put on clothing" -* **the understanding of peace will exist between the two.** - AT: "his roles of king and priest will be united" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +The word "Branch" refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh's people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word "Branch" is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will grow up where he is + +The phrase "grow up" refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a "Branch." This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will be a priest on his throne + +Possible meanings are 1) the "Branch" will be both priest and king or 2) the "Branch" will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. AT: "There will be a priest upon his throne" + +# he will bear a counsel of peace between the two + +The words "the two" refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. Possible meanings are 1) the "Branch" will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or 2) the "Branch" who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/14.md b/zec/06/14.md index ea9a5e3e1b..0eefd89c4b 100644 --- a/zec/06/14.md +++ b/zec/06/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# The crown will given -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:know]] -* [[en:tw:memorialoffering]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zephaniah]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will give the crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah ... Hen -* **a crown will be placed in my temple** - AT: "I will place a crown in my temple" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **a crown** - The word "crown" refers to a king as a king would wear a crown. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **placed in my temple** - This phrase refers to the king also being a priest, as a priest serves in the temple. -* ** Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah** - See how these names were translated in [[en:bible:notes:zec:06:09 -* ]]. -* **those who are far off** - This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **so you will know** - The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. -* **truly listen** - "listen sincerely" +These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial + +Some modern versions interpret this phrase as "as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah" or "as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah." Also, some modern versions interpret the name "Hen" as meaning the name "Josiah." + +# those who are far off + +This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so you will know + +The word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# truly listen to the voice of Yahweh your God + +Here to "listen" means to obey and the word "voice" represents the words that Yahweh speaks. AT: "truly obey what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/intro.md b/zec/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d5d0d53d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Zechariah 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:12-15, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Crown ##### +The second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word "branch" should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Meaning of the visions ##### +The visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/01.md b/zec/07/01.md index ea22ef4475..59dabb4d7b 100644 --- a/zec/07/01.md +++ b/zec/07/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# on the fourth day -* [[en:tw:YahwehofHosts]] -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:bethel]] -* [[en:tw:bethel|Bethel]] -* [[en:tw:biblicaltimemonth]] -* [[en:tw:darius]] -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:fast|fast]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:prophet|prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:zechariahot]] +"on day 4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## translationNotes +# Kislev (which was the ninth month) -* **in the fourth year of king Darius, on the fourth day of Kislev, the ninth month** - AT: "During year 4 of king Darius' reign, on day 4 of month 9, which is the month of Kislev" -* **Kislev** - This is the name of a month. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah** - AT: “Yahweh spoke to Zechariah” -* **Sharezer and Regem Melech** - These are the names of men. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). -* **they said,"Should I mourn ...** - The word "they" refers to Sharezer and Regem Melech. -* **fifth month** - "month 5" +"Kislev" is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Sharezer and Regem-Melek + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# beg + +Here the word "beg" means to plead or ask urgently. + +# before the face of Yahweh + +Here "face" is a metonym for Yahweh's presence. AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They spoke ... they said + +The word "they" refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek. + +# Should I mourn in the fifth month + +"Should I mourn in month 5." The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# by means of a fast + +"by fasting" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/04.md b/zec/07/04.md index c1f401d8d0..f41734d08f 100644 --- a/zec/07/04.md +++ b/zec/07/04.md @@ -1,24 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:negev]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:proclaim]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:word]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# in the fifth and in the seventh month -* **in the fifth and ... for these seventy years** - The people of Israel had been captive as slaves in Babylon for 70 years. AT: "in month 5 and 7 during these 70 years you have been in captivity" -* **when you ate and drank** - This phrase refers to when they ate and drank at feasts to honor how Yahweh had provided for them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **were you truly fasting for me?** - This question is used to accuse the people of Israel for not honoring Yahweh when they fasted. AT: "you did not fast to honor me" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **did you not eat and drink for yourselves?** - This question is used to accuse the people of Israel who celebrated the feasts for not honoring God with their feasting. AT: "you ate and drank for yourselves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **Yahweh proclaimed by the mouth of the former prophets** - Zechariah refers to the former prophets by referring to the part of their body that spoke Yahweh's message. AT: "Yahweh proclaimed through the former prophets" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Weren't these the same words ... to the west?** - This question can be written as a statement. "There were the same words ... to the west." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **inhabited** - "lived in" -* **prosperity** - living well and having more than what you need -* **foothills** - These are the small hills that are before you get to the mountains. +"in months 5 and 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the fifth + +The word "month" can be supplied in translation. AT: "in the fifth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in the seventh month + +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# for these seventy years + +The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# were you truly fasting for me? + +This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "you were not really fasting for me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# When you ate and drank + +Possible meanings are 1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or 2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting. + +# did you not eat and drink for yourselves? + +This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "it was for yourselves that you ate and drank." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Were these not the same words ... to the west? + +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "These are the same words ... to the west." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# by the mouth of the former prophets + +Here "mouth" is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. AT: "by the words of the former prophets" or "through the former prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# inhabited + +"lived in" + +# foothills + +hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/08.md b/zec/07/08.md index 715b078a95..d961916b49 100644 --- a/zec/07/08.md +++ b/zec/07/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying, -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:covenantfaith]] -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy -* **The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah** - See how you translated this in [[en:bible:notes:zec:07:01]]. -* **Let each man do this** - The word "this" refers to how a person should judge. -* **widow** - a woman whose husband has died -* **orphan** - a child whose parents have died -* **foreigner** - someone who travels from his own land to a different land -* **plot** - to plan to do evil +The abstract nouns "justice," "faithfulness," and "mercy" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Let each man do this + +The word "this" refers to how a person should judge. + +# widow + +a woman whose husband has died + +# orphan + +a child whose parents have died + +# foreigner + +someone who travels from his own land to a different land + +# let none of you plot any harm against another in your heart + +Here "heart" represents the thoughts of a person. AT: "you must not make plans to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/11.md b/zec/07/11.md index 1c76f18923..b7a1faab2b 100644 --- a/zec/07/11.md +++ b/zec/07/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# set their shoulders stubbornly -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:holyspirit]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:send]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +This is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. This metaphor represents the people being stubborn. AT: "became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# They stopped up their ears so they would not hear -* **set their shoulders stubbornly** - AT: "they were like cattle that refused to be yoked" or "they were like cattle that refused to obey" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **they stopped up their ears** - "they closed up their ears" -* **They made their hearts as hard as rock** - AT: "They made up their minds to reject Yahweh's messages" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **by the mouth of the prophets** - AT: "through the words of the prophets" +This is an image of people putting something into their ears so they would not hear the message from Yahweh. This metaphor represents the people not being willing to hear and obey. AT: "They refused to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts + +The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Here the heart represents the will of a person. AT: "They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# in earlier times + +"in the past" + +# by the mouth of the prophets + +Here the "mouth of the prophets" is a metonym for the words that the prophets speak. AT: "through the words of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/13.md b/zec/07/13.md index 51410769a5..9e9966c1d2 100644 --- a/zec/07/13.md +++ b/zec/07/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will scatter them with a whirlwind -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:desolate]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:waste]] +Yahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people as if a whirlwind were scattering everything in its path. AT: "I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# whirlwind -* **I will scatter them with a whirlwind** - AT: "I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters leaves" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **whirlwind** - a very strong wind that spins as it goes, scattering things all around +a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage + +# delightful land + +"pleasant land" or "fruitful land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/intro.md b/zec/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2232d13d22 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Zechariah 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:4-14, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fasting ##### +This chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/01.md b/zec/08/01.md index c5444ac1c8..f7852c8764 100644 --- a/zec/08/01.md +++ b/zec/08/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:true]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:zealous]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). AT: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# passionate -* **The word of Yahweh of Hosts came to me and said** - Yahweh of hosts said to me -* **I am passionate for her with great anger** - AT: "I am filled with anger for the sake of Zion" -* **the mountain of Yahweh of hosts** - This refers to Mount Zion. -* **The Holy Mountain** - Here "holy" means "belonging to Yahweh." +"jealous." Here the word "passionate" refers to Yahweh's strong desire to protect his people. + +# for Zion + +Here "Zion" represents the people of Zion. AT: "for the people of Zion" or "for the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with great anger + +The implied information is that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. AT: "with great anger against her enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the mountain of Yahweh of hosts + +The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/04.md b/zec/08/04.md index 4fef8ce632..7183c10e83 100644 --- a/zec/08/04.md +++ b/zec/08/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# be in the streets of Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:staff]] +"be living in Jerusalem" -## translationNotes +# in his hand because he has grown so old -* **be in the streets of Jerusalem** - "be living in Jerusalem" -* **in his hand because he has grown so old** - Having the opportunity to grow old is a sign of peace and prosperity. -* **And the streets of the city will be full** - The public areas of the city will be full of people in their normal activities. +People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The streets of the city will be full + +The public areas of the city will be full of people in their normal activities. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/06.md b/zec/08/06.md index 6fbc2d2ef0..4424f2cf34 100644 --- a/zec/08/06.md +++ b/zec/08/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# If something seems impossible in the eyes of -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:peopleofgod]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "If something does not appear to be possible to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# the remnant of this people -* **If something seems impossible in the eyes of** - "If something does not appear to be possible to" -* **the remnant of this people** - AT: "the people of Judah who survive" -* **should it also seem impossible in my eyes?** - God is asking this question in order to persuade his people to trust in his promises. AT: "it will surely be possible for me!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_rquestion]]) -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **I am about to rescue my people** - "I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +"the people of Judah who survive" + +# should it also seem impossible in my eyes? + +This question expects a negative answer in order to persuade his people to trust in his promises. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "it will surely be possible for me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in my eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I am about to rescue my people + +The implied information is that the people are in exile. "I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. AT: "From the land to the east and from the land to the west" or 2) this is a merism that means from all directions. AT: "from all lands in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I will be their God in truth and in righteousness + +This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns "truth" and "righteousness." AT: "I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/09.md b/zec/08/09.md index 5cebf3c1fa..cb3006160e 100644 --- a/zec/08/09.md +++ b/zec/08/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# when the foundation of my house was laid -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:temple]] +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "when you were building the foundation of my house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# Strengthen your hands -* **when the foundation of my house was laid** - AT: "when the foundation of my temple was set in place" to "when you were building the foundation of my house" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_activepassive]]) -* **Strengthen your hands** - AT: "Work hard" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **For before those days** - AT: "Before you started to rebuild the temple" -* **no crops were gathered in** - AT: "there were no crops to harvest" -* **there was no profit for either man or beast** - It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land, because they got no food from it. +This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. AT: "Be strong and courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For before those days + +Here "those days" refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple. + +# no crops were gathered in + +"there were no crops to harvest" + +# there was no profit for either man or beast + +It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land, because they got no food from it. + +# for anyone going or coming + +This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere that anyone went. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I had set every person each against his neighbor + +"I had turned everyone against each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/11.md b/zec/08/11.md index d9a7c68d52..e5176bde5a 100644 --- a/zec/08/11.md +++ b/zec/08/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:fruit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:inherit|inherit, inheritance]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:peace|peace, peaceful]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] -* [[en:tw:vine]] +"But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days" -## translationNotes +# in former days -* **as in former days;** - "as in the past;" -* **I will be with the remnant of this people ** - AT: "Now I will bless these people" or "Now I will treat these people kindly" -* **seeds of peace will be sown** - AT: "I will make the people be at peace." -* **This is Yahweh of hosts' declaration** - This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **the earth will give its produce** - AT: "there will be good harvests in the fields" -* **The skies will give their dew** - Dew was often a symbol of prosperity. AT: "there will be much rain" -* **inherit all these things** - AT: "have all these things for all time" +"in the past." The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the remnant of this people + +The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. AT: "the people who returned from exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# seeds of peace will be sown + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "the people will safely sow seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew + +The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# inherit all these things + +"to have all these things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/13.md b/zec/08/13.md index c775248ac0..19bbf29144 100644 --- a/zec/08/13.md +++ b/zec/08/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# You were an example to the other nations of a curse -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:curse]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. AT: "When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# house of Judah and house of Israel -* **You were an example to the other nations of a curse** - AT: "When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse someone" -* **house of Judah and house of Israel** - "people of Judah and Israel" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **let your hands be strong!** - AT: "work hard" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **do harm to you ** - "punish you" -* **provoked my anger** - "angered me" -* **did not relent** - "I did not change my mind" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. AT: "people of Judah and Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will be a blessing + +Possible meanings are 1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. AT: "you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations" or 2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. AT: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people" or 3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. AT: "I will give you many good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let your hands be strong + +This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. AT: "be strong and courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# do harm to you + +"punish you" + +# provoked my anger + +"angered me" + +# did not relent + +"did not decide to punish them less" + +# Jerusalem + +This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. AT: "the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# house of Judah and house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. AT: "people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/16.md b/zec/08/16.md index 50bd0fa05d..b8c96bc89b 100644 --- a/zec/08/16.md +++ b/zec/08/16.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# that you must do -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:oath]] -* [[en:tw:true]] +"You" refers to the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# Speak truth, every person with his neighbor -* **that you must do** - "You" refers to the people of Judah. -* **Speak truth, every person with his neighbor** - AT: "Tell the truth to every person" -* **Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates** - AT: "Judge disputes justly in your places of judgment so that people can live in peace with each other" -* **nor be attracted to false oaths** - AT: "do not approve when people tell lies in court cases" -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +The abstract noun "truth" can be translated using the adjective "true." AT: "Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his neighbor + +Here "neighbor" means any person, not just someone who lives nearby. + +# Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "truth," "justice," and "peace." AT: "When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in your gates + +The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. AT: "in your places of judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# do not love false oaths + +The implied information is that this refers to oaths taken in a court of law. AT: "do not approve when people tell lies in court cases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/18.md b/zec/08/18.md index 8eabd00111..fe4ffd003d 100644 --- a/zec/08/18.md +++ b/zec/08/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, -* [[en:tw:fast]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). AT: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## translationNotes +# came to me -* **Then the word of Yahweh of Hosts came to me** - "Me" refers to Zechariah. -* **'The fast of the fourth month ... of the tenth month** - AT: "The traditional fasts of the fourth, fifth, seventh, and tenth months of the year" +Here "me" refers to Zechariah. + +# The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month + +"The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# The fasts of the fourth month + +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# the fifth month + +The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:3](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# the seventh month + +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:5](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# the tenth month + +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# times of joy, gladness, and happy festivals + +The abstract nouns "joy" and "gladness" can be translated using adjectives. AT: "joyful and glad times, with happy festivals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# love truth and peace + +The abstract nouns "truth" and "peace" can be translated using adjectives. AT: "love what is truthful and peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/20.md b/zec/08/20.md index 5d71d4f880..ac6f0cb7e1 100644 --- a/zec/08/20.md +++ b/zec/08/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# People will come again -* [[en:tw:beg]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] +The implied information is that Jerusalem is where the people will come. AT: "People will come again to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# will go to another city -* **People will come again** - "People will come to Jerusalem again" -* **Many people and mighty nations will come** - "Many people will come, including people from large nations" +This is a metonym for the people in the other city. AT: "will go to the people of another city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# beg + +Here the word "beg" means to plead or ask urgently. + +# before the face of Yahweh + +Here "face" is a metonym for Yahweh's presence. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:2](../07/01.md). AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seek Yahweh of hosts + +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mighty nations + +This is a metonym for the people in the mighty nations. AT: "people of mighty nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/23.md b/zec/08/23.md index ad30840f8c..b14f61c24c 100644 --- a/zec/08/23.md +++ b/zec/08/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# will grasp the hem of your robe -* [[en:tw:robe]] +The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. AT: "will grasp the hem of your robe to get your attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# Let us go with you -* **will grasp the hem of your robe** - "will grasp your clothes to get your attention" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **Let us go with you** - "Please let us travel to Jerusalem with you" -* **God is with you** - "God is with you people" +The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. AT: "Let us go to Jerusalem with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# God is with you + +"God is with you people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/intro.md b/zec/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d313539f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Zechariah 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/01.md b/zec/09/01.md index b83e78edcd..0977712dad 100644 --- a/zec/09/01.md +++ b/zec/09/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# This is a declaration of Yahweh's word concerning -* [[en:tw:12tribesofisrael]] -* [[en:tw:Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:damascus]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:sidon]] -* [[en:tw:sidon|Sidon]] -* [[en:tw:tyre]] -* [[en:tw:tyre|Tyre]] -* [[en:tw:wise]] -* [[en:tw:wise|wise, wisdom]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +"This is Yahweh's message about" -## translationNotes +# the land of Hadrak and Damascus -* **This is a declaration of Yahweh's word concerning** - AT: "This is Yahweh's message about" -* **the land of Hadrach and Damascus** - AT: "the people of the land of Hadrach and the city Damascus (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **for Yahweh's eye is on all mankind** - AT: "for Yahweh is watching all mankind" -* **Hamath** - AT: "the people of the land of Hamath" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Tyre and Sidon** - AT: "the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **though they are very wise** - Zechariah probably did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise. AT: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) +Here "Hadrak" and "Damascus" refer to the people who live in those places. AT: "the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hadrak + +The location of Hadrak is unknown today. + +# its resting place + +"the resting place of the people of Hadrak" + +# for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh + +Some versions translate this as "for Yahweh's eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel." + +# the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh + +Here "eyes" refers to what they look at. AT: "all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hamath + +This refers to the people who live in that land. AT: "the people of the land of Hamath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Tyre and Sidon + +This refers to the people who live in those cities. AT: "the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for they are very wise + +Possible meanings are 1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or 2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. AT: "though they think they are very wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/03.md b/zec/09/03.md index 09c8748bdf..0b9671fe36 100644 --- a/zec/09/03.md +++ b/zec/09/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# built herself a stronghold -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:gold|gold]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod]] -* [[en:tw:lordgod|Lord]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold]] +Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. AT: "built a strong fortress" or "built a high wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## translationNotes +# heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets -* **built herself a stronghold** - Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. AT: "built a strong fortress" or "built a high wall" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets** - AT: "accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets" (See [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **Look! The Lord will dispossess her** - AT: "Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre's possessions" -* **and destroy her strength on the sea** - AT: "and destroy Tyre's ships in which men fight on the sea" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **so she will be devoured by fire** - AT: "and burn the city to the ground" +Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. AT: "accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Look! The Lord will dispossess her + +Here "Look!" tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. AT: "Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre's possessions" + +# destroy her strength on the sea + +Tyre's "strength on the sea" refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. AT: "destroy Tyre's ships in which men fight on the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so she will be devoured by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and enemies will burn the city to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/05.md b/zec/09/05.md index c0f9aa722f..9dae9a7bed 100644 --- a/zec/09/05.md +++ b/zec/09/05.md @@ -1,30 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# Ashkelon ... Gaza ... Ekron, her hopes -* [[en:tw:abomination]] -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:ashkelon]] -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:fear|fear, afraid]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:jebusites]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:perish|perish]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:philistines|Philistines]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] +These cities each refer to the people who live in them. AT: "The people of Ashkelon ... the people of Gaza ... the hopes of the people of Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# will see -* **will see** - "will see Tyre be destroyed" -* **Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod** - AT: "Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there" -* **and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines** - AT: "I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer" +"will see Tyre be destroyed" + +# Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod + +"Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there" + +# I will cut off the pride of the Philistines + +Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to stop their pride. AT: "I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth + +Here "blood" refers to meat with blood in it, and "abominations" refers to meat offered to idols. The UDB makes this explicit. AT: "I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/08.md b/zec/09/08.md index 30325b46d6..7abc08083f 100644 --- a/zec/09/08.md +++ b/zec/09/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -## translationWords +# I will camp around my land -* [[en:tw:oppress]] -* [[en:tw:oppress|oppress, oppression]] -* [[en:tw:watch]] +God is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land. AT: "I will protect my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# For now -* **I will camp around my land** - God is speaking about himself as if he were an army. AT: "I will protect my land" (See: UDB and [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"For at that time" + +# I will watch over my land with my own eyes + +Here "my own eyes" represent Yahweh's personal attention. AT: "I will personally watch over my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/09.md b/zec/09/09.md index 073d312afe..0ef92bdfd1 100644 --- a/zec/09/09.md +++ b/zec/09/09.md @@ -1,33 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:chariot]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:dominion]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peace]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:righteous|righteous, righteousness]] -* [[en:tw:salvation]] -* [[en:tw:salvation|salvation]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13. -## translationNotes +# Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem! -* **daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem!** - AT: "you people of Zion! Shout with happiness, you people of Jerusalem!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **is bringing salvation** - "is rescuing you from your enemies" or "will save you from your enemies. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) -* **on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey** - "on the colt of a donkey" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **cut off the chariot from Ephraim** - AT: "destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle" -* **and the horse from Jerusalem** - AT: "and the warhorses in Jerusalem" -* **and the bow will be cut off from battle** - Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. AT: " All weapons of war will be destroyed" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) -* **for he will speak peace to the nations** - Here the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. AT: "for your king will bring peace to the nations" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]} -* **and his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth! ** - "His kingdom will be over all the earth!" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem + +"Zion" is the same as "Jerusalem." The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated "daughter of Zion" in [Zechariah 2:10](../02/10.md). + +# Behold! + +This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. AT: "Pay attention!" or "Here is a surprising fact!" + +# Your king is coming to you with righteousness and is rescuing you + +"Your king is righteous and is coming to rescue you" + +# on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to one animal. The second phrase clarifies that this is a young donkey. AT: "on a young donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# cut off the chariot from Ephraim + +Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to destroy. AT: "destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle" + +# the horse from Jerusalem + +The references to "chariot" and "bow" means that this refers to horses used in battle. This can be made explicit. AT: "the warhorses in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the bow will be cut off from battle + +Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. AT: "all weapons of war will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for he will speak peace to the nations + +Here the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. AT: "for your king will bring peace to the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth! + +The phrases "sea to sea" and "from the River to the ends of the earth" mean the same thing and can be combined. AT: "his kingdom will be over all the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the River + +This probably refers to the Euphrates River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/11.md b/zec/09/11.md index 6c17d1a4ef..a4df6a12b8 100644 --- a/zec/09/11.md +++ b/zec/09/11.md @@ -1,30 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:blood|blood]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon]] -* [[en:tw:bowweapon|bow and arrow]] -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:greece]] -* [[en:tw:hope]] -* [[en:tw:hope|hope]] -* [[en:tw:pit]] -* [[en:tw:pit|pit]] -* [[en:tw:prison]] -* [[en:tw:prison|prison, prisoner]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold]] -* [[en:tw:stronghold|stronghold, fortress]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:sword|sword]] +Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13. -## translationNotes +# As for you ... Zion -* **And you** - "You" refers to the people of Israel. -* **the pit where there is no water** - This pit represents the exile. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Return to the stronghold** - AT: "Come back to your nation where you will be safe" -* **prisoners of hope** - This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. -* **bent Judah as my bow** - The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. AT: "I will use the people of Judah to fight against the people of Greece" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **filled my quiver with Ephraim** - The people of Israel, the northern kingdom, are referred to as if they were arrows that God would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier's arrows. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece** - God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "you" is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." + +# the pit where there is no water + +This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Return to the stronghold + +Jerusalem is spoken of as a place of safety. AT: "Come back to your nation where you will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prisoners of hope + +This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. AT: "prisoners who still hope in Yahweh" + +# return double to you + +"return to you twice as much as was taken from you" + +# I have bent Judah as my bow + +The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here "Judah" refers to the people of that nation. AT: "I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# filled my quiver with Ephraim + +Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier's arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece + +God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/14.md b/zec/09/14.md index d103c402ae..4125750f9a 100644 --- a/zec/09/14.md +++ b/zec/09/14.md @@ -1,26 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh|Lord Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] -* [[en:tw:wine|wine]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies. -## translationNotes +# will appear to them -* This part of the prophecy continues with Hosea's words, instead of with Yahweh's words spoken through him. -* **will appear to them** - The word "them" refers to God's people. AT: "will be seen in the sky by his people" or "will come to his people" -* **will be like lightning bolts** - The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. -* **blow the trumpet** - The trumpets were rams' horns. People will blow into them to give signals in battle and on other occasions. -* **will advance with the storms from Teman ** - The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. -* **will devour** - AT: "will completely defeat" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **defeat the stones of the slings** - The Israelites will defeat the soldiers who fight with slingshots. These soldiers represent all the enemies of Israel, no matter what weapons they are carrying. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine ** - AT: " They will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **and they will be filled with wine like bowls at the altar ** - AT: "and they will be as full of wine as basins that catch blood at the altar" -* **like the corners of the altar** - Altars had projecting corners where animal blood collected. AT: "as the corners of the altar are full of blood" +The word "them" refers to God's people. AT: "will be seen in the sky by his people" or "will come to his people" + +# his arrows will shoot out like lightning! + +The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# blow the trumpet + +The trumpets were rams' horns. People blew into them to give signals in battle and on other occasions. Here the trumpet is blown as a military signal. + +# will advance with the storms from Teman + +Team was located to the south of Judah. The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. AT: "will march from Teman with the storm winds" + +# they will devour them + +"the people of Judah will devour their enemies" + +# will devour + +To completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. AT: "will completely defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# defeat the stones of the slings + +Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the "stones of the slings" represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. AT: "defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine + +The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. AT: "Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they will be filled with wine like bowls + +This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal's blood to the altar. AT: "they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like the corners of the altar + +Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. AT: "they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/16.md b/zec/09/16.md index 4783b30a00..27da740883 100644 --- a/zec/09/16.md +++ b/zec/09/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:crown]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:virgin]] -* [[en:tw:wine]] +In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies. -## translationNotes +# God will rescue them ... as the flock of his people -* God continues talking about his people. -* **for they will be the jewels of a crown** - AT: "in our land they will be like beautiful stones in a crown" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **The young men will flourish on grain** - The young men will live on food they receive from the harvest. -* **and the virgins on sweet wine** - Young women will enjoy new wine. These references to young men and young women represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche]]) +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God's sheep that he cares for and protects. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They are the jewels of a crown + +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. AT: "They will be like beautiful stones in a crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How good and how beautiful they will be! + +This is an exclamation, and not a question. AT: "They will be very good and beautiful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine! + +This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. AT: "All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The young men ... the virgins + +These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# grain ... sweet wine + +These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/intro.md b/zec/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f635c772b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Zechariah 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 9:9-10, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecies against other nations ##### +The first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/01.md b/zec/10/01.md index d2b37f0cf2..dbd70d1d70 100644 --- a/zec/10/01.md +++ b/zec/10/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:comfort]] -* [[en:tw:divination]] -* [[en:tw:dream]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +Zechariah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# makes thunderstorms -* **makes thunderstorms** - "makes storm clouds" -* **plants in the field for mankind** - AT: "crops in the fields for people" -* **idols speak falsely** - AT: "idols give false messages" -* **diviners envision a lie** - AT: "diviners see false visions" -* **they tell deceitful dreams** - AT: "diviners have dreams that do not tell the truth" -* **they wander like sheep** - AT: "the people do not know which way to go" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +"makes the clouds from which the rain falls in storms" + +# vegetation in the field + +"causes plants to grow in the field" + +# idols speak falsely + +"idols give false messages." Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UDB makes this explicit. + +# diviners envision a lie + +"diviners see false visions" + +# they tell deceitful dreams + +It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. AT: "diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# empty comfort + +This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm help. + +# they wander like sheep + +The people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. AT: "the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they ... suffer because there is no shepherd + +The people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. AT: "the people who listen to the false prophets ... are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/03.md b/zec/10/03.md index 29201f54c5..81294b1ff4 100644 --- a/zec/10/03.md +++ b/zec/10/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:goat]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:wrath|wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts]] +It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5. -## translationNotes +# My wrath burns against the shepherds -* **My wrath burns against the shepherds** - "Shepherds" represents the leaders of God's people. AT: "My anger toward the shepherds of my people is strong" or "I am very angry with the leaders of my people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish** - "Male goats" represents oppressive leaders. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah** - AT: "I will take care of the house of Judah" -* **and make them like his war horse in battle** - AT: "and will give them my mighty fearless strength" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) +Here "the shepherds" represent the leaders of God's people. The intensity of Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. AT: "My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire" or "I am very angry with the leaders of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish + +Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here "male goats" represents the oppressive leaders of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah + +Here Yahweh's care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. AT: "Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep" + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make them like his warhorse in battle + +Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. AT: "will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/04.md b/zec/10/04.md index 72220bbe2d..399fe2641c 100644 --- a/zec/10/04.md +++ b/zec/10/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:cornerstone|cornerstone]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] +It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5. -## translationNotes +# From Judah will come the cornerstone -* **From them will come the cornerstone** - "From them the cornerstone will come" or "Some of their descendants will be very important rulers" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **from them will come the tent peg** - "from them the tent peg will come" AT: "will come leaders who will hold the nation together" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **They will be like warriors** - AT: "They will be mighty in battle" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle** - AT: "who defeat their enemies completely" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and they will shame those who ride warhorses** - AT: "and they will defeat their enemies on horses who fight them" +"The cornerstone will come from Judah." The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. AT: "One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the cornerstone ... the tent peg ... the war bow + +Possible meanings for these three things are 1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or 2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# from him will come the tent peg + +"the tent peg will come from him." The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. AT: "the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from him will come the war bow + +"the war bow will come from him." Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. AT: "the military leader will come from Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from him will come every ruler together + +"every ruler will come from Judah" + +# They will be like warriors ... streets in battle + +The rulers from Judah are spoken of as if they were victorious warriors. AT: "They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle + +To trample them into the mud is an idiom that means to completely defeat them. AT: "who defeat their enemies completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh is with them + +Here "with them" is an idiom that means he is present to help them. AT: "Yahweh will help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they will shame those who ride warhorses + +Here shame accompanies and represents defeat. AT: "they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/06.md b/zec/10/06.md index 820b22a00c..cbd8133c40 100644 --- a/zec/10/06.md +++ b/zec/10/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Judah]] -* [[en:tw:ephraim]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:josephot]] -* [[en:tw:mercy]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# the house of Judah -* **I will strengthen the house of Judah** - AT: "I will make the people of Judah strong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **the house of Joseph** - This refers to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. -* **I had not cast them off** - AT: "I had not rejected them" -* **Ephraim will be like a warrior** - "Ephraim" refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "Ephraim will be very strong" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **their hearts will rejoice as with wine** - AT: "and they will be truly very happy" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in Yahweh** - AT: "Their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Joseph + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I had not cast them off + +This speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. This symbolizes rejection. AT: "I had not rejected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Ephraim will be like a warrior + +"Ephraim" refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. AT: "Ephraim will be very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their hearts will rejoice as with wine + +Here "hearts" refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. AT: "and they will be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me! + +"their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/08.md b/zec/10/08.md index e1a6de839f..906b4f09eb 100644 --- a/zec/10/08.md +++ b/zec/10/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:assyria|Assyria]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:gilead]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:sow]] +In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will whistle -* **I will whistle** - To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here. -* **until there is no more room for them** - The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. +To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here. + +# I sowed them among the peoples + +The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until there is no more room for them + +The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "and they will completely fill the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/11.md b/zec/10/11.md index eed21abe83..cf59ac5336 100644 --- a/zec/10/11.md +++ b/zec/10/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:afflict]] -* [[en:tw:afflict|afflict, affliction]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver]] -* [[en:tw:nileriver|Nile River]] -* [[en:tw:walk]] +In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## translationNotes +# I will pass through the sea of their affliction -* **will pass through the sea of their affliction** - Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **and will dry up all the depths of the Nile** - AT: "I will the Nile River to lose all its water" -* **The majesty of Assyria will be brought down** - Here "the majesty of Assyria" probably refers to the Assyrian army. AT: "I will destroy Assyria's proud army." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians.** - AT: "and the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. AT: "I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will strike the waves of that sea + +Here to "strike" the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. AT: "I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will dry up all the depths of the Nile + +"I will cause the Nile River to lose all its water" + +# The majesty of Assyria will be brought down + +Here "the majesty of Assyria" probably refers to the Assyrian army. AT: "I will destroy Assyria's proud army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians + +Here "the scepter of Egypt" refers to the political power of Egypt. AT: "the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will strengthen them in myself + +"I will cause them to be strong and to believe in me" + +# they will walk in my name + +Here "in my name" is an idiom that means they will do what Yahweh wants them to do. AT: "they will honor and obey me as I want them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/intro.md b/zec/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..896fe929cd --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Zechariah 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:1-2, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Redemption ##### +This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/01.md b/zec/11/01.md index 000f57f97c..036a0aff1c 100644 --- a/zec/11/01.md +++ b/zec/11/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour -* [[en:tw:bashan]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cedar|cedar]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver]] -* [[en:tw:jordanriver|Jordan River]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lebanon|Lebanon]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:majesty]] -* [[en:tw:oak]] -* [[en:tw:oak|oak]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here "Lebanon" is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. AT: "People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour" or "People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# fire may devour your cedars -* **Open your doors, Lebanon that fire may devour your cedars** - The prophet is speaking to the land of Lebanon as if it were a person. AT: "People of Lebanon, get ready for fire to burn up your cedar trees" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]]) -* **Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen** - AT: "If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down.** - AT: "If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests have been cut down." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **The shepherds howl** - AT: "The shepherds cry out loudly" -* **for their glory has been destroyed** - "Their glory" probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. AT: "for their rich pastures have been ruined." -* **for the pride of the Jordan River** - AT: "because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River have been destroyed." +Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. AT: "fire may completely destroy your cedars" or "fire may completely burn up your cedars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen + +Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. AT: "If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# What was majestic has been devastated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The majestic cedar trees are no more" or "The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down. + +The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. AT: "If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests are gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The shepherds howl + +"The shepherds cry out loudly" + +# for their glory has been destroyed + +Here "their glory" probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. AT: "for their rich pastures are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated + +Here "the pride" probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. AT: "because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/04.md b/zec/11/04.md index 4965e41465..498b6c7785 100644 --- a/zec/11/04.md +++ b/zec/11/04.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:bless]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd|shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter|slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# watch over the flock destined for slaughter -* Here Yahweh starts to give instructions to Zechariah in the form of a parable about shepherds and sheep. -* **the inhabitants of the land** - "the people of the land" -* **this is Yahweh's declaration** - This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **turn over every person into his neighbor's hands** - AT: "allow each person to be controled by another person" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and into his king's hands** - AT: "and into the unjust control of his king" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **they will crush the land** - AT: "They will have no mercy on the land's people" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **I will not rescue Judah from their hand** - AT: "but I will not rescue the people of Judah from their power" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter" + +# are not punished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one punishes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the inhabitants of the land + +"the people of the land" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# See! + +"Listen!" or "Pay attention!" + +# I myself + +The word "myself" is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# none of them will I deliver them from their hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "I will not save them from those who are harming them" or "I will not rescue them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/07.md b/zec/11/07.md index a2b5048837..72ebf5bd30 100644 --- a/zec/11/07.md +++ b/zec/11/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# for those who dealt in sheep -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:slaughter]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] +"for those who bought and sold sheep" -## translationNotes +# Favor -* The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. -* **flock meant for the slaughter, for those who dealt in sheep.** - AT: "flock of sheep that was intended for slaughter." -* **staffs** - Staffs are wooden sticks used for various purposes, including directing sheep. Staffs may have different types of hooks on the ends. -* **Favor** - Various versions also translate the Hebrew word in this text as "grace" and "beauty." -* **Unity** - This is the idea of brotherhood between the two parts of Israel, the northern kingdom and the southern kingdom. -* **I grew tired of the sheep owners** - AT:"I could no longer tolerate the sheep owners who had hired me." -* **despised** - hated, detested. +Other versions of the Bible translate this word as "grace," "beauty," or "pleasant." + +# I ran out of patience with them + +Possible meanings are 1) "them" refers to the three shepherds or 2) "them" refers to the sheep owners. + +# the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sheep that are perishing—let them perish" or "the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/10.md b/zec/11/10.md index 473b7f87f9..69eab038f4 100644 --- a/zec/11/10.md +++ b/zec/11/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# the covenant was broken -* [[en:tw:covenant]] -* [[en:tw:covenant|covenant]] -* [[en:tw:favor]] -* [[en:tw:good]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:silver|silver]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:tribe]] -* [[en:tw:tribe|tribe]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the covenant ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# knew that Yahweh had spoken -* The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. -* **broke it to break the covenant that I had made with all of my tribes** - The prophet is speaking and acting for Yahweh here. -* **had spoken** - AT: "had spoken a message to them" -* **thirty pieces of silver** - 330 grams of silver. A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. AT: "knew that Yahweh had given them a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# thirty pieces of silver + +It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. AT: "only thirty pieces of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# thirty pieces + +"30 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/13.md b/zec/11/13.md index dddd49a1d3..b25702ad19 100644 --- a/zec/11/13.md +++ b/zec/11/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:brother]] -* [[en:tw:house]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:israel|Israel, Israelites, nation of Israel]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|silver]] -* [[en:tw:staff]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. -## translationNotes +# treasury -* The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. -* **treasury** - the storehouses in the temple of Yahweh -* **the excellent price** - This means to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh's work. See UDB, which removes the irony: "a ridiculously small amount of money." (See: [[[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_irony]]) -* **the thirty pieces of silver** - 330 grams of silver. A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[en:obe:other:biblicalmoney]]) +This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as "potter." This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was. + +# the excellent price + +Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh's work. AT: "the ridiculously small amount of money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# between Judah and Israel + +Here "Judah" represents the people of the southern kingdom and "Israel" represents the people of the northern kingdom. AT: "between the people of Judah and the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/15.md b/zec/11/15.md index b223919d47..d2a2fc59de 100644 --- a/zec/11/15.md +++ b/zec/11/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:foolish]] -* [[en:tw:foolish|fool, foolish]] -* [[en:tw:heal]] -* [[en:tw:hooves]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:sheep|sheep, ram]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](./04.md). Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## translationNotes +# I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land -* The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. -* **the fat sheep** - the healthy, well-grown sheep -* **will tear off their hooves** - probably as an act of cruelty +Here "set in place" is an idiom. AT: "I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land" or "I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the fattened sheep + +"the fattest sheep" or "the best sheep" + +# will tear off their hooves + +This was probably done as an act of cruelty. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/17.md b/zec/11/17.md index c9944445c3..76cbd12d0c 100644 --- a/zec/11/17.md +++ b/zec/11/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# May the sword -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:forsaken]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:worthy]] +Here "sword" represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. AT: "May enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# come against his arm and his right eye -* The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. -* **Woe to the worthless shepherd** - AT: "What sorrow waits for this worthless shepherd" -* **come against his arm and his right eye** - AT: "wound right arm and pierce his right eye!" -* **May the sword come against** - "Sword" here represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **his arm** - his power to fight (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **his right eye** - his ability to see while fighting. +Here "come against" is an idiom. AT: "strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his arm + +Here "arm" represents the power to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his right eye + +A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his arm wither away + +"his arm waste away" or "his arm become completely useless" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/intro.md b/zec/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..187058c197 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Zechariah 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 11:1-3,17, which are extended quotations. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +This chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to convey Yahweh's dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Symbolism ##### +The writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them "Unity" and "Favor." He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/01.md b/zec/12/01.md index 1de6b03352..f4b71dde23 100644 --- a/zec/12/01.md +++ b/zec/12/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:foundation]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:siege]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] +These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -## translationNotes +# This is a declaration of Yahweh's word concerning Israel -* These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -* **a declaration of Yahweh** - This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **the one who stretched out the skies** - "the one who created the sky" -* **laid the foundation of the earth** - AT: "put all the earth into place" -* **fashions the spirit of mankind within him** - AT: "creates the human spirit" -* **cup** - That is, a cup of something to drink. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **causing all the peoples surrounding her to stagger about** - That is, the drink is alcoholic and will cause the armies attacking Jerusalem to become drunk and unable to fight. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **her** - That is, the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **heavy stone for all the peoples** - That is, something impossible to move (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +"This is the message that Yahweh declares concerning Israel" + +# who stretched out the skies + +This is a metaphor that speaks of the sky as if it were like a scroll that is rolled up and needs to be stretched out. AT: "the one who created the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# laid the foundation of the earth + +This is a metaphor that speaks of the earth as if it were a building with a foundation. AT: "put all the earth into place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fashions the spirit of mankind within man + +This is a metaphor that speaks of the spirit as if it were like clay that a potter shapes. AT: "creates the human spirit" + +# I am about to make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about + +Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if Yahweh would make Jerusalem a cup full of an alcoholic drink that will cause the surrounding peoples to get drunk and stagger. AT: "Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into a cup + +Here "cup" represents the cup and the contents within the cup. AT: "into a cup full of wine" or "into a cup full of an alcoholic drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# surrounding her + +Here "her" refers to the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples + +Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if he would make Jerusalem a heavy stone. AT: "It will be like I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/04.md b/zec/12/04.md index a42772485e..d768def1ca 100644 --- a/zec/12/04.md +++ b/zec/12/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|declaration]] -* [[en:tw:judah|favor]] -* [[en:tw:judah|horse]] -* [[en:tw:judah|terror]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts, God of hosts]] +These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -## translationNotes +# On that day -* These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -* **On that day** - This refers to the day that the armies attack Jerusalem. -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **I will look with favor on** - AT: "I will protect" -* **the house of Judah** - the people of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **say in their hearts** - This means they will think and say to themselves. -* **because of Yahweh of hosts ** - AT: "because they worship Yahweh of hosts" +"At the time when the armies attack Jerusalem" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will look with favor on the house of Judah + +The phrase "look with favor on" is an idiom. AT: "I will show favor to the house of Judah" or "I will protect the house of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the house of Judah + +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# say in their hearts + +Here "hearts" represents a person's mind. AT: "think to themselves" or "say to themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are our strength + +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong" or "encourage." AT: "make us strong" or "encourage us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts, their God + +"Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/06.md b/zec/12/06.md index ff2737a0e5..1af1cadcb7 100644 --- a/zec/12/06.md +++ b/zec/12/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consume]] -* [[en:tw:grain]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:life]] +This verse continues telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -## translationNotes +# like firepots among wood ... standing grain -* This verse continues telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -* **On that day** - The time when Jerusalem is attacked and God defeats her enemies. -* **firepots** - Clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals. -* **flaming torch** - A wooden stick that is burning at one end in order to give light as one travels or to carry fire somewhere. -* **among wood...standing grain** - Stacked firewood...unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **will consume all the surrounding peoples** - AT: "will destroy the surrounding peoples" (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Jerusalem will again live in her own place** - The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]). +This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. AT: "like firepots among stacked firewood ... unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# firepots + +clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals + +# flaming torch + +a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or carries fire somewhere + +# will consume all the surrounding peoples + +Completely destroying the peoples is spoken of as if the people of Judah will "devour" them. AT: "will destroy the surrounding peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on their right and on their left + +Here "right" and "left" represent every direction. AT: "in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Jerusalem will again live in her own place + +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people who live there. AT: "The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/07.md b/zec/12/07.md index 512430cf4f..fedf27b840 100644 --- a/zec/12/07.md +++ b/zec/12/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angel]] -* [[en:tw:angel|angel]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:honor]] -* [[en:tw:houseofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:kingdomofjudah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:tent]] -* [[en:tw:tent|tent]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -## translationNotes +# the tents of Judah -* These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -* **the tents of Judah** - The people of Judah, where "tents" represents "homes," and "homes" represents the people who live in them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the house of David** - The descendants of David, or perhaps the ruling class of people. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the angel of Yahweh** - An angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people. +Here "tents" represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of David + +Possible meanings are 1) the descendants of David or 2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who are weak among them will be like David + +This simile means those who are weak will be strong. AT: "those who are weak will be strong like David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the angel of Yahweh + +This is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/10.md b/zec/12/10.md index 30ad11d9e2..3159514ea5 100644 --- a/zec/12/10.md +++ b/zec/12/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem -* [[en:tw:compassion]] -* [[en:tw:death]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:firstborn|firstborn]] -* [[en:tw:houseofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:lament]] -* [[en:tw:lament|lament]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:plead]] -* [[en:tw:son]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit]] +Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. AT: "I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## translationNotes +# a spirit of compassion and pleading -* **I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading** - AT: "I will give the people a spirit to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy" -* **the one they have pierced** - AT: "the one whom they stabbed to death" -* **the laments in Jerusalem will be like the laments at Hadad Rimmon** - Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. -* **Megiddo** - This is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]). +Here this means to have a characteristic of compassion and pleading. + +# the house of David + +Here "house" represents descendants. AT: "the descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the one they have pierced + +"the one whom they stabbed to death" + +# for an only son + +It is understood that the "son" has died. AT: "for an only son who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the laments in Jerusalem will be like the laments at Hadad Rimmon + +Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Megiddo + +This is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/12.md b/zec/12/12.md index d9fc476089..e94d84da21 100644 --- a/zec/12/12.md +++ b/zec/12/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# The land will mourn -* [[en:tw:clan]] -* [[en:tw:david]] -* [[en:tw:david|David]] -* [[en:tw:levite]] -* [[en:tw:mourn]] -* [[en:tw:nathan]] -* [[en:tw:nathan|Nathan]] -* [[en:tw:shimei]] +This represents all the people living in the land of Judah. AT: "All the people in the land of Judah will mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# The clan of the house of David ... The clan of the house of Nathan ... The clan of the house of Levi -* **The land** - This refers to all the people living in the land of Judah. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **the house of David...of Nathan...of Levi** - The descendants of David...of Nathan...of Levi. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +Here "house" represents descendants. AT: "The descendants of David ... The descendants of Nathan ... The descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/intro.md b/zec/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1a0ad66b00 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Zechariah 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/01.md b/zec/13/01.md index 0cd5816c23..9a302e9418 100644 --- a/zec/13/01.md +++ b/zec/13/01.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# a spring will be opened ... for their sin and impurity -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:falseprophet]] -* [[en:tw:houseofdavid]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:sin|sin]] -* [[en:tw:spirit]] -* [[en:tw:spirit|spirit]] -* [[en:tw:unclean]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts]] +Forgiving the people's sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will be like a spring opens ... to cleanse their sin and impurity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## translationNotes +# a spring -* **a spring of water** - A place where water flows naturally out of the ground. -* **for their sin and impurity** - AT: "to cleanse their sin and impurity" -* **will be on that day** - This refers to the time that the spring is opened. -* **This is Yahweh of hosts' declaration** - This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **cut off the names of the idols from the land** - AT: "erase idol worship throughout the land" -* **and also I will cause the false prophets and their unclean spirit to go out of the land** - AT: "I will remove the false prophets and their impure spirits from the land" +a place where water flows naturally out of the ground + +# the house of David + +Here "house" represents descendants. AT: "the descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will cut off the names of the idols from the land + +Causing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would "cut off the names of the idols from the land." AT: "I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that they will no longer be called to mind + +The idiom "called to mind" means to remember or to think about something. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that they no longer think about the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will also cause the false prophets and their unclean spirit to go out of the land + +Evil spirits are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. AT: "I will also remove the false prophets and their evil spirits from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/03.md b/zec/13/03.md index 58bf50a23c..81f6993532 100644 --- a/zec/13/03.md +++ b/zec/13/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# to prophesy -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +It is implied that these are false prophecies. AT: "to prophesy falsely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# his father and mother who bore him -* **his father and mother who bore him** - The phrase "who bore him" describes "his father and mother" in order to express surprise that someone's own parents would treat him in this way. -* **You will not live** - AT: "You must die" -* **will pierce** - Stab him to kill him." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +The phrase "who bore him" describes "his father and mother" in order to express surprise that someone's own parents would treat him in this way. AT: "his own father and mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# You will not live + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "You must die" + +# you speak lies in the name of Yahweh + +Speaking in the name of someone means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. AT: "you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will pierce + +"will stab and kill him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/04.md b/zec/13/04.md index cbfc95e593..bd3452ba0c 100644 --- a/zec/13/04.md +++ b/zec/13/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# each prophet -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:shame|shame, ashamed]] -* [[en:tw:vision]] +This implies false prophets. AT: "every false prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# no longer wear a hairy cloak -* **that each prophet** - This refers to the false prophets, not to the true prophets of Yahweh. -* **no longer wear a hairy cloak** - "Cloak" refers to a heavy outer garment. s made of animal hair that prophets usually wore. -* **work the soil** - That is, farm. -* **the land became my work while I was still a young man** - Different versions interpret this phrase in different ways. -* **What are these wounds between your arms?** - AT: "How did you get those cuts on your back between your shoulders?" This refers to the custom of idol worshipers allowing themselves to be wounded in their ceremonies. -* **he will answer** - That is, he will answer with a lie. +Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am a man who works the soil + +"I am a farmer" + +# the land became my work while I was still a young man + +"I became a farmer when I was young." Some versions of the Bible translate this as "a man sold me as a slave when I was young." + +# What are these wounds between your arms? + +"How did you get those cuts on your chest?" This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will answer + +It is implied that his answer is a lie. AT: "he will lie to him saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/07.md b/zec/13/07.md index 32e4faeea7..5f2ae9b4b8 100644 --- a/zec/13/07.md +++ b/zec/13/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:lowly|lowly, lowliness]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] +Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Sword! Rouse yourself ** - AT: "You, sword! You must wake up." This is a command from Yahweh for his shepherd to be attacked and killed. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_apostrophe]], [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **against my shepherd** - This refer to a certain king or a certain servant of Yahweh. -* **This is Yahweh of hosts' declaration** - This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **the flock** - "The flock" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **the humble ones** - This probably refers to all the Israelites who are weak and defenseless. +Here Yahweh begins speaking. + +# Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd + +"You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd." Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. AT: "You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# my shepherd + +This speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. AT: "my servant who is like a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the man who stands close to me + +This is an idiom. AT: "the man who is my close companion" or "the man who is my friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the flock will scatter + +The people of God are spoken of as if they were sheep. AT: "my people will run away like sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will turn my hand against the lowly ones + +The idiom "turn my hand against" means to act hostile towards someone. AT: "I will attack the lowly ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the lowly ones + +This probably refers to all the Israelites who are weak and defenseless. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/08.md b/zec/13/08.md index d7b4fe339c..f45ba4f095 100644 --- a/zec/13/08.md +++ b/zec/13/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# this is Yahweh's declaration -* [[en:tw:call]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:declare]] -* [[en:tw:declare|declare, declaration]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:god|God]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:perish]] -* [[en:tw:silver]] -* [[en:tw:test]] -* [[en:tw:test|test]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## translationNotes +# that two-thirds of it will be cut off! Those people will perish; only one-third will remain there -* **This is Yahweh's declaration** - This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. -* **I will bring that third through the fire** - Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **refine them as silver is refined, and I will test them as gold is tested** - Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +People being killed is spoken of as if they are cut off like cloth is cut from a garment or a branch is cut from a plant. AT: "that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# I will bring that third through the fire + +Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# refine them as silver is refined; I will test them as gold is tested + +Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will call on my name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "They will call out to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/intro.md b/zec/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e771995285 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Zechariah 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:7-9, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referencing a future "day," the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/01.md b/zec/14/01.md index 2262cd6cf4..03df607358 100644 --- a/zec/14/01.md +++ b/zec/14/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive]] -* [[en:tw:captive|captive, captivity]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:seize]] -* [[en:tw:sex]] +This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it. -## translationNotes +# A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst -* This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save her. -* **your plunder will be divided** - AT: "your enemies will take and share out for themselves all your possessions" -* **I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle** - See (Hyperbole). AT: "I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem" -* **not be cut off from the city** - Not be destroyed in the city. +A future time is spoken of as if "a day is coming." The phrase "will be divided" can be stated in active form. AT: "Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle + +Here "every nation" is a generalization that means "many nations." AT: "I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the city will be captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your enemies will capture the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The houses will be plundered and the women raped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city + +Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be "cut off." This can be stated in active form. AT: "your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/03.md b/zec/14/03.md index cff3898ba4..d6626ecd85 100644 --- a/zec/14/03.md +++ b/zec/14/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives]] -* [[en:tw:mountofolives|Mount of Olives]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle. -## translationNotes +# as when he wages war on the day of battle -* These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -* **as when he wages war on the day of battle** - AT: "just as he battled in the past" -* **his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives** - "His feet" stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"just as he fought battles in the past" + +# On that day + +"At that time" + +# his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives + +Here "feet" represents Yahweh. AT: "he will stand on the Mount of Olives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The Mount of Olives will be split ... by a very great valley + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives ... causing there to be a very great valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/05.md b/zec/14/05.md index 74281d34f1..0e018fa8f4 100644 --- a/zec/14/05.md +++ b/zec/14/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:holy|holy]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:king|king]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah]] -* [[en:tw:uzziah|Uzziah, Amaziah]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## translationNotes +# you will flee -* These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -* **Azal** - This seems to have been a town or village east of Jerusalem. -* **You will flee from them just** - The word "them" refers to those who attacked Jerusalem. -* **the holy ones** - This probably refers to God's angels. +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# between Yahweh's mountains + +This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half. + +# Azel + +This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# You will flee just as you fled + +Here "You will" refers to the people of Jerusalem. But, "you fled" refers to their ancestors since this describes an event that happened many years earlier. AT: "You will flee just as your ancestors fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah + +Here "in the days" is an idiom that refers to the time when Uzziah was king. AT: "when Uzziah was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the holy ones + +This probably refers to God's angels. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/06.md b/zec/14/06.md index ea7cf1d849..c16bbe1f0e 100644 --- a/zec/14/06.md +++ b/zec/14/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:water]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## translationNotes +# On that day -* These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -* **running water** - Some versions translate "living water" or "life-giving water." The Hebrew text says "living water," but this normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **the eastern sea** - This refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem. -* **the western sea** - This refers to the Mediterranean Sea. +"At that time" + +# there will be no light + +It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. AT: "there will be no light from the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a day known only to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "only Yahweh knows when that day will begin" or "only Yahweh knows when that time will begin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# living waters + +This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the eastern sea + +This refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem. + +# the western sea + +This refers to the Mediterranean Sea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/09.md b/zec/14/09.md index 94895971ed..28d081005f 100644 --- a/zec/14/09.md +++ b/zec/14/09.md @@ -1,24 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arabah]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:benjamin|Benjamin]] -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:gate]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:winepress]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## translationNotes +# there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone -* These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -* **there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone** - AT: "there will only be one God, Yahweh, who will be worshiped." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hendiadys]]) -* **Arabah...Geba...Rimmon** - These are the names of places. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) -* **Jerusalem will continue to be elevated** - This refers to the altitude of the city of Jerusalem, about 760 meters above sea level. -* **she** - Jerusalem and other cities were often spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_personification]]) -* **will live in her own place** - AT: "will live where she has always lived" -* **the Benjamin Gate...the first gate...the Corner Gate** - These are names of various gates in the city wall of Jerusalem. -* **the Tower of Hananel** - This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. -* **the king's winepresses** - This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation or character. AT: "people will know that Yahweh is the only true God" or "people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# All the land + +It is implied that this is the land of Judah. AT: "All the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Arabah + +This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Geba + +This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rimmon + +This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jerusalem will continue to be raised up + +This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word "but." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "But, Jerusalem will remain high up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Benjamin Gate ... the first gate ... the Corner Gate + +These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) "the first gate" and "the Corner Gate" refer to the same gate or 2) "the first gate" and "the Corner gate" are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Tower of Hananel + +This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the king's winepresses + +This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jerusalem will live in safety + +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people. AT: "The people will live safely in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/12.md b/zec/14/12.md index d057535883..d82b0be196 100644 --- a/zec/14/12.md +++ b/zec/14/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|Yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|flesh]] -* [[en:tw:flesh|people, peoplegroup]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:neighbor]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## translationNotes +# even as they are standing on their feet -* These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -* **all the peoples that waged war against Jerusalem** - This refers to the nations spoken of in [[:en:bible:notes:zec:14:01]]. -* **standing up on their feet** - AT: "walking around" -* **each hand will be raised against its neighbor's hand** - Each person will attack another. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +"while they are still standing up." This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down. + +# that great fear from Yahweh will come among them + +The abstract noun "fear" can be stated as "terrified." AT: "Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another + +These are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. AT: "Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/14.md b/zec/14/14.md index 3807efd5b4..89e170ca4b 100644 --- a/zec/14/14.md +++ b/zec/14/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:camel]] -* [[en:tw:camel|camel]] -* [[en:tw:donkey]] -* [[en:tw:donkey|donkey, mule]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:horse|horse]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:nation|nation]] -* [[en:tw:suffer]] -* [[en:tw:suffer|suffer, suffering]] +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## translationNotes +# Judah will also fight against Jerusalem -* These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -* **Judah will also fight against Jerusalem** - Some versions read, "Judah will also fight for Jerusalem." The Hebrew text is uncertain. -* **They will gather the wealth** - AT: "They will capture the possessions" -* **in great abundance** - In great quantities. +Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" represent the people that live there. AT: "Even the other people in Judah will fight against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Judah will also fight against Jerusalem + +Some versions of the Bible read, "Judah will also fight at Jerusalem." + +# They will gather the wealth + +"They will capture all the valuable possessions" + +# in great abundance + +"in great quantities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/16.md b/zec/14/16.md index cda9ed8590..27a8d654b8 100644 --- a/zec/14/16.md +++ b/zec/14/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:egypt|Egypt]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:plague]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] -* [[en:tw:worship|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:worship|worship]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts|Yahweh of hosts]] +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## translationNotes +# that came against Jerusalem -* These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -* **that came against Jerusalem** - AT: "that attacked Jerusalem" -* **will attack the nations** - AT: "will severely punish the nations" +Here "came against" is an idiom. AT: "that attacked Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will instead go up from year to year + +"will instead go to Jerusalem every year" + +# the Festival of Shelters + +"the Festival of Tabernacles" or "the Festival of Booths" or "the Festival of Tents" + +# A plague from Yahweh will attack the nations + +Causing people to suffer from a plague is spoken of as if the plague would attack the people like an army. AT: "Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/19.md b/zec/14/19.md index ab219d5d32..47f10972d7 100644 --- a/zec/14/19.md +++ b/zec/14/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:egypt]] -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:punish|punish, punishment]] - -## translationNotes - -* These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -* **the Festival of Shelters** - (See: [[en:obe:other:festival]]) +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/20.md b/zec/14/20.md index f95d7c3102..ca30070fba 100644 --- a/zec/14/20.md +++ b/zec/14/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:altar]] -* [[en:tw:altar|altar]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:horse]] -* [[en:tw:houseofgod]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice|sacrifice, offering]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:yahwehofhosts]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh|Yahweh]] +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## translationNotes +# the bells of the horses will say -* These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -* **will be like the bowls before the altar** - AT: "will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar" -* **every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be holy to Yahweh of hosts** - Various types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple for the worship of Yahweh and for the sacrifices. These were considered special, not to be used for anything else. -* **Traders will no longer exist in the house of Yahweh** - It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. Some versions translated "Canaanites" instead, because the Hebrew text may have a double meaning: "traders" and "Canaanites." +"the inscription on the bells of the horses will say" + +# the basins in Yahweh's house + +These basins were used for boiling meat in the courtyard of the temple. AT: "the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will be like the bowls before the altar + +It is implied that the basins will be sacred like the bowls used for catching the blood of the sacrifices. AT: "will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be set apart to Yahweh of hosts + +Various types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple for the worship of Yahweh and for the sacrifices. These were considered special, not to be used for anything else. + +# traders will no longer be in the house of Yahweh + +It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. AT: "people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# traders + +Some versions of the Bible translate "traders" as "Canaanites." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/intro.md b/zec/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a515981880 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Zechariah 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in prose about Jerusalem during the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Last days ##### + +Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referencing a future "day," the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/front/intro.md b/zec/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2ffac351c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +# Introduction to Zechariah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Zechariah #### + +1. The prophet's call and the appeal for the returning nation of Israel to repent and return to Yahweh (1:1–6) +1. The eight night visions + - First vision: Yahweh sends his messengers throughout the whole earth (1:7–17) + - Second vision: four horns and four craftsmen (1:18–21) + - Third vision: the measuring line (2:1–13) + - Fourth vision: the priest in filthy clothes (3:1–10) + - Fifth vision: the golden lampstand and olive trees (4:1–14) + - Sixth vision: the flying scroll (5:1–4) + - Seventh vision: the basket filled with iniquity (5:5–11) + - Eighth vision: four chariots (6:1–8) +1. Crown for the high priest (6:9–15) +1. Questions about fasting (7:1–8:23) +1. The oracle about Hadrach (of Damascus) and Hamath (of Tyre and Sidon) (9:1–11:17) +1. The oracle about Israel + - The final defeat of Israel's enemies (12:1-9) + - Israel's mourning for having killed God's servant (12:10-14) + - Israel's purification from sin and the end of false prophets (13:1-6) + - Final removal of idols from returning Israel (14:1–2) + - Future vision of Messiaic Kingdom (14:3–21) + +#### What is the Book of Zechariah about? #### + +Zechariah wrote to the people of Judah who returned from exile in Babylon. The people of Judah were committing the same sins that caused the exile. Zechariah calls on the people to return to the Lord and renew the covenant with Yahweh. Also, many people were disappointed that the new temple was much smaller than the original temple. He encourages the people and shares the vision about the temple in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +It is suggested that translators use a self-explanatory title or follow the regional or the national language versions of the Bible. "Zechariah" may also be called the "The Book About Zechariah" or "The Sayings of Zechariah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Zechariah? #### + +The prophet Zechariah wrote this book between 520 BC to 480 BC following the ministry of Haggai. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Did Zechariah prophesy before Ezra and Nehemiah? #### + +The historical context of this book is likely prior to the lives of Ezra and Nehemiah. The prophecies of Zechariah occur prior to the events of the books of Ezra and Nehemiah and just two months after the prophecies of Haggai. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. Zechariah uses the term "Israel" to refer to both the nation of Israel and the northern kingdom of Israel. + +#### What imagery does Zechariah use in reference to the Messiah? #### + +Zechariah presents the Messiah as both a king and a shepherd. The Messiah will come as a deliverer, yet be "pierced" and "lamented." The Messiah will have great power but will still suffer. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +#### What does the phrase "that day" mean? #### + +Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referencing a future "day," the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/01.md b/zep/01/01.md index d26956f8dd..7410da7a06 100644 --- a/zep/01/01.md +++ b/zep/01/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heaven]] -* [[en:tw:hezekiah]] -* [[en:tw:josiah]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:wordofgod]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] -* [[en:tw:zephaniah]] +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:2-3 describe Yahweh's final judgment of every sinner in the future. -## translationNotes +# the word of Yahweh that came -* **I will utterly destroy everything from off the face of the earth** - These are deliberate exaggerations by Yahweh to emphasize his anger at the people's sin. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yahweh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# son of Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah + +This is a list of Zephaniah's ancestors. These usages of "son of" are the broader sense of "descendant of." Here "Hezekiah" refers to King Hezekiah. These things can be made explicit. AT: "the grandson of Gedaliah, and the great-grandson of Amariah, whose father was King Hezekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will utterly destroy everything from off the surface of the earth ... I will cut off man from the surface of the earth + +The words "everything" and "will cut off man" are deliberate exaggerations by Yahweh to express his anger at the people's sin. Yahweh will destroy neither sinners who repent nor all living things nor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# destroy everything from off the surface of the earth + +"destroy everything that is on the entire earth" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# man and beast + +"people and animals" + +# the ruins + +Possible meanings are 1) the piles of rubble that will remain after the judgment or 2) the idols that Yahweh destroyed. + +# cut off + +Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. AT: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/04.md b/zep/01/04.md index 5fdbc9aa70..c115b5dc81 100644 --- a/zep/01/04.md +++ b/zep/01/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:baal]] -* [[en:tw:baal|Baal]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff|cut off]] -* [[en:tw:idol]] -* [[en:tw:idol|idol, idolatrous]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem|Jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:judah|Judah]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:priest|priest, priesthood]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:remnant|remnant]] +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# I will reach out with my hand over Judah -* **Milcom** - "Milcom" is perhaps another name for the idol "Molech" )See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:translate_names]]) +This is an idiom that means God will punish. AT: "I will punish Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will cut off every remnant ... the names of the idolatrous people among the priests ... the people who on the housetops ... the people who worship and swear + +The verb "cut off" applies to each of these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. AT: "I will cut off every remnant ... I will cut off the names of the idolatrous people among the priests ... I will cut off the people who on the housetops ... I will cut off the people who worship and swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# cut off + +Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. See how you translated this in [Zephaniah 1:3](./01.md). AT: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cut off ... the names of the idolatrous people among the priests + +Here "cut off ... the names" is an idiom that means to cause people to forget them. AT: "cause everyone ... to forget the priests who are idolatrous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by their king + +See the footnote about the possible rendering of this as "by Milcom." + +# neither seek Yahweh nor ask for his guidance + +Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "do not think about Yahweh or ask him to guide them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/07.md b/zep/01/07.md index 5b059b3c10..a4e1edface 100644 --- a/zep/01/07.md +++ b/zep/01/07.md @@ -1,18 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:consecrate]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:lord]] -* [[en:tw:lordyahweh]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **for Yahweh has prepared the sacrifice and consecrated his guests.** - this language is showing God's ultimate plan and how he uses the enemies of His people to accomplish His purposes. (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). -* **and everyone dressed in foreign clothes** - this phrase shows how the Israelites wore clothes similar to the foreigners to show sympathy to their customs and worship of their gods. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). -* **and on that day** - AT: "and on the day of Yahweh". -* **all those who leap over the doorsill** - this is a reference to people who worshiped a particular deity called Dagan. AT: "all those who worshiped Dagan". (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]). +In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Be silent + +This is an idiom. Here silence is meant to signal shock and amazement. AT: "Be shocked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh has prepared the sacrifice and set apart his guests + +The people of Judah are spoken of as Yahweh's sacrifice, and the enemy nations are spoken of as his guests who would eat the sacrifice. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Yahweh has prepared the people of Judah as a sacrifice, and invited the enemy nations as his guests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# set apart his guests + +Here "set apart" is an idiom that means he has invited them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# It will come about + +This phrase is used to mark the point at which Yahweh's judgment of Judah will begin. + +# everyone dressed in foreign clothes + +This phrase suggests that the Israelites wore clothes similar to the foreigners to show sympathy to their customs and to the worship of their foreign gods. AT: "everyone who worships foreign gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# On that day + +"On the day of Yahweh" + +# all those who leap over the threshold + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a reference to people who did not step on thresholds as part of their worship of a god called Dagan or 2) people who leapt up onto platforms to worship pagan idols or 3) royal officials who climbed the steps to the throne. + +# fill their master's house with violence and deceit + +The abstract nouns "violence" and "deceit" can be stated as actions. AT: "those who do violent things and tell lies in the temples of their gods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/10.md b/zep/01/10.md index 221569553a..ec391fec47 100644 --- a/zep/01/10.md +++ b/zep/01/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:silver]] +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **Yahweh's Declaration** - AT: "what Yahweh has declared” or "what Yahweh has solemnly said” -* **Fish Gate** - The Fish Gate is one of the gates in the surrounding walls that allowed people to enter and leave Jerusalem. -* **wailing from the Second Quarter** - AT: "Mourn loudly from the Second Quarter." The Second Quarter was a newer part of Jerusalem. -* **from the hills** - AT: "from the hills around Jerusalem." -* **Wail, inhabitants of the Market District** - "Mourn loudly, all who live where goods are sold." -* **for all the merchants will be ruined; all those who are weighted down with silver will be cut off.** - AT: "for those who sell goods and are rich will be killed." +In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# on that day + +"on the day of Yahweh." See how you translated this phrase in [Zephaniah 1:9](./07.md). + +# Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has solemnly said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Fish Gate + +The Fish Gate was one of the gates in the Jerusalem city wall. + +# wailing from the Second District + +"Mourn loudly from the Second District." The Second District was a newer part of Jerusalem. + +# a great crashing sound + +This refers to the sound of buildings collapsing. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "a loud sound of buildings collapsing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the hills + +This refers to the hills surrounding Jerusalem. + +# for all the merchants will be ruined; all those who weigh out silver will be cut off + +These two phrases refer to the same people and are used to emphasize that business will be destroyed. AT: "for those who buy and sell goods will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# those who weigh out silver + +This refers to merchants. Before coins were used, people weighed out silver or gold as payment for things they bought. + +# cut off + +Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. See how you translated this in [Zephaniah 1:3](./01.md). AT: "destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/12.md b/zep/01/12.md index 7902eb3976..79e3dbfa5d 100644 --- a/zep/01/12.md +++ b/zep/01/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:lamp]] -* [[en:tw:vineyard]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **I will search Jerusalem with lamps** - No one will be able to hide from God. -* **settled into their wine** - They feel safe from trouble. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) -* **and say in their heart** - They speak with certainty. (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# It will come about at that time + +This phrase is used to mark the time when Jerusalem has been destroyed by the enemies. + +# I will search Jerusalem with lamps + +Yahweh speaks of knowing about all people of Jerusalem as if he had searched for them with lamps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# settled into their wine + +They feel safe from trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# say in their heart, 'Yahweh will not do anything, either good or evil.' + +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "say in their heart that Yahweh will not do anything, either good or evil. + +# say in their heart + +This idiom means they think to themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh will not do anything, either good or evil + +Here "good and evil" is a merism that includes everything in between. AT: "Yahweh will not do anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# an abandoned devastation + +"destroyed and abandoned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/14.md b/zep/01/14.md index d6505f6ede..19fe06157e 100644 --- a/zep/01/14.md +++ b/zep/01/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,47 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:darkness]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:trumpet]] +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -## translationNotes +# near, near and hurrying quickly -* **near and hurrying quickly** - AT: "coming quickly" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **That day will be a day of fury….battlements** - These statement is to emphasize that how terrible God's judgment will be. The multiple figures of speech are accumulative and show the destructive nature of this final judgment by God. It creates emphasis. -* **a day of distress and anguish** - The words “distress” and "anguish“ mean about the same thing. AT: “a day when people feel terrible distress” (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **a day of storm and devastation** - “a day when the city is devastated by violent storms” -* **darkness and gloom** - AT: "gloomy darkness" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]). -* **clouds and billowing darkness** - AT: "filled with dark clouds" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]). -* **trumpets and alarms** - AT: "sounds of alarm" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) -* **fortified cities and the high battlements** - AT: "well fortified cities" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) +The repetition of the word "near," along with the phrase "hurrying quickly," emphasize that the day when Yahweh judges the people will soon happen. AT: "close and will be here soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the day of Yahweh + +See how you translated this phrase in [Zephaniah 1:7](./07.md). + +# a warrior crying bitterly + +Possible meanings are 1) a soldier crying in despair or 2) a soldier's battle cry. + +# That day ... a day + +These phrases refer back to the "day of Yahweh" in verse 14. + +# That day will be a day of fury ... battlements + +Verses 15-16 have multiple figures of speech that together emphasize the destructive nature of this final judgment by God. + +# a day of distress and anguish + +The words "distress" and "anguish" mean about the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the people's distress. AT: "a day when people feel terrible distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# a day of storm and devastation + +Here the word "storm" refers to divine judgment. The word "devastation" describes the effects of that judgment. AT: "a day of devastating storms" or "a day of devastating judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a day of darkness and gloom + +The words "darkness" and "gloom" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of darkness. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. AT: "a day that is full of darkness" or "a day of terrible judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a day of clouds and thick darkness + +This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies, the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both "clouds" and "thick darkness" refer to divine judgment. AT: "a day full of dark storm clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a day of trumpets and alarms + +The words "trumpets" and "alarms" mean basically the same thing here. Both are means to call soldiers to prepare for battle. AT: "a day when people sound the alarm for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# fortified cities and the high battlements + +These two phrases both refer to military strongholds. AT: "well fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/17.md b/zep/01/17.md index 9613ca6029..9a83796b41 100644 --- a/zep/01/17.md +++ b/zep/01/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:blood]] -* [[en:tw:dung]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:gold]] -* [[en:tw:save]] -* [[en:tw:sin]] -* [[en:tw:terror]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:17-18 describe Yahweh's final judgment of every sinner in the future. -## translationNotes +# they will walk about like blind men -* **walk about like blind men,** - These three phrases indicate comparisons to show what they have in common. AT: (UDB). (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]) -* **The fire of Yahweh's wrath** - This refers to the power of Yahweh's anger. (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]]) -* **annihilation** - This means total destruction. AT: "and he will completely get rid ... of" (UDB). +The result of Yahweh's judgment is that people will be so confused and dazed when they walk about that people will think they are blind. AT: "they will walk around as confused and dazed as blind men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Their blood will be poured out like dust + +Their blood that is shed will be as worthless as dust. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their enemies will pour out their blood and consider it to be worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their inner parts like dung + +The verb "poured out" is understood here. This can be stated in active form. AT: "their enemies will cut open their bodies and leave them to rot like dung" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the fire of his jealousy + +Here "fire" refers to the intensity of Yahweh's anger. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "his jealousy is as intense as a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# all the inhabitants of the earth + +It is understood that this refers to the wicked people. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "all the wicked people who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/intro.md b/zep/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abbb675211 --- /dev/null +++ b/zep/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Zephaniah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:2-16, which an extended quotation. The lines 1:7, 17-18 are indented again to further set them apart from the rest of the quote. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +In this chapter, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the fall of Jerusalem, the coming of the Messiah or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zephaniah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Zephaniah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/01.md b/zep/02/01.md index 7059de4e24..8d53548f76 100644 --- a/zep/02/01.md +++ b/zep/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:chaff]] -* [[en:tw:dayofthelord]] -* [[en:tw:decree]] -* [[en:tw:humble]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In 2:1-3, Yahweh continues to speak to Judah, and tells them to repent. -## translationNotes +# Rally yourselves together and gather -* **Rally yourselves together and gather** - AT:"meet together". (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]). -* **unashamed nation** - The nation is not sorry for their sins. -* **before the day passes like the chaff** - The chaff is the insignificant part of the plant being thrown away and so this day will pass quickly. (See:[[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile]]). -* **before the fierce anger of Yahweh's wrath comes upon you! Before the day of Yahweh's wrath comes upon you** - Notice that the same phrase is repeated almost exactly the same. This shows intensity. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]]). -* **Yahweh's wrath** - This stands for God's intent to punish. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. Together they intensify the command for the people to gather together in order to repent of their sins. AT: "Gather yourselves together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# unashamed nation + +The nation is not sorry for their sins. + +# before the decree takes effect + +This phrase refers to the punishment that will happen as a result of Yahweh's decree. AT: "before Yahweh punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that day ... the day of the wrath of Yahweh ... the day of Yahweh's wrath + +These phrases all refer to the "day of Yahweh." Translate these phrases as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:7-9](../01/07.md). + +# that day passes like the chaff + +The chaff is the insignificant part of the plant that the wind blows away. In a similar way, the day of judgment will pass quickly. AT: "that day passes as quickly as chaff blown by the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# before the fierce anger of Yahweh's wrath comes upon you, before the day of the wrath of Yahweh comes upon you + +The prophet repeats the same phrase almost exactly in order to emphasize how terrible Yahweh's judgment will be and the urgency with which the people must repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Yahweh's wrath + +This stands for God's intent to punish. AT: "Yahweh's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Seek Yahweh + +Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Seek righteousness. Seek humility + +The abstract nouns "righteousness" and "humility" can be stated as actions. AT: "Try to do what is right and to be humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you will be protected in the day of Yahweh's wrath + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/04.md b/zep/02/04.md index 93a1e7692b..4439af9674 100644 --- a/zep/02/04.md +++ b/zep/02/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ashdod]] -* [[en:tw:ashkelon]] -* [[en:tw:canaan]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:ekron]] -* [[en:tw:gaza]] -* [[en:tw:philistines]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. -## translationNotes +# Gaza ... Ashkelon ... Ashdod ... Ekron -* **They will drive out Ashdod at noon, and they will uproot Ekron!** - The people will be quickly and completely removed from these cities. -* **until no inhabitant remains** - AT: "until no one is there" +These were the four major Philistine cities of that day. + +# will be abandoned ... will turn into a devastation + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the complete destruction of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They will drive out Ashdod at noon + +Here "They" refers to the enemies of the Philistines. Possible meanings for "at noon" are 1) the enemies will defeat Ashdod before noon or 2) the enemies will attack Ashdod at noon while the people are resting and unaware. + +# they will uproot Ekron + +The defeat of Ekron is spoken of as if it was a tree that was pulled from the ground and thrown away. AT: "they will take the people of Ekron away as if uprooting a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the inhabitants of the seacoast, the nation of the Kerethites + +The first phrase explains where the Kerethites lived. + +# Canaan, land of the Philistines + +The Philistines were one of several people groups who lived in Canaan. + +# until no inhabitant remains + +"until no one is left." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "until every inhabitant is dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/06.md b/zep/02/06.md index 4a65aa55f5..c1c56439bc 100644 --- a/zep/02/06.md +++ b/zep/02/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:flock]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:judah]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:restore]] -* [[en:tw:sheep]] -* [[en:tw:shepherd]] +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. -## translationNotes +# So the seacoast will become pastures for shepherds and for sheep pens -* **sheep pen** - is land surrounded by a fence where the sheep live. -* **lie down** - means to sleep in a bed. +This probably means that the Philistine cities are gone, and only open fields remain. However, the Hebrew meaning is unclear and is sometimes translated differently by modern versions. + +# sheep pens + +A sheep pen is a small area surrounded by a fence to keep the sheep together. + +# Their people + +"The people of Judah" + +# lie down + +"lie down to sleep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/08.md b/zep/02/08.md index 11359affc9..a4033dbc4b 100644 --- a/zep/02/08.md +++ b/zep/02/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:ammon]] -* [[en:tw:forever]] -* [[en:tw:gomorrah]] -* [[en:tw:inherit]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:moab]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:sodom]] +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. -## translationNotes +# the taunts ... the reviling -* **declaration of Yahweh of hosts** - "what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or "what Yahweh of hosts has solemnly said” +"the taunts ... the insults." These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that both Moab and Ammon have insulted Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# violated their borders + +This refers to crossing over into Judah's territory in order to attack them. + +# as I live + +"as surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# like Sodom ... like Gomorrah + +These two cities were so wicked that God completely destroyed them with fire from heaven. These similes therefore refer to complete destruction. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "completely destroyed like Sodom ... like Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a place of nettles and a salt pit + +"a place with thorns and a salt pit." This describes a barren, useless land. + +# the remnant of my people ... the remainder of my nation + +These two phrases mean the same thing and refer to the Israelites that survived Yahweh's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/10.md b/zep/02/10.md index 2eae2ae541..6591d4b6f0 100644 --- a/zep/02/10.md +++ b/zep/02/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:falsegod]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:mock]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. -## translationNotes +# they taunted and mocked the people of Yahweh of hosts ... he will taunt all the gods of the earth -* There are no translation notes. +Yahweh is speaking with irony. He will taunt the worthless gods in the same way that the people who served those gods had taunted Yahweh's people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/12.md b/zep/02/12.md index 0ef18fe617..0d47e6cf0d 100644 --- a/zep/02/12.md +++ b/zep/02/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,39 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:Nineveh]] -* [[en:tw:assyria]] -* [[en:tw:cedar]] -* [[en:tw:cush]] -* [[en:tw:desert]] -* [[en:tw:devastated]] -* [[en:tw:hand]] -* [[en:tw:pillar]] -* [[en:tw:sword]] +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. -## translationNotes +# You Cushites also will be pierced by my sword -* **in the tops of her pillars** - When buildings were destroyed and fell down, the columns (or pillars) used for decoration and support would often remain standing. -* **beam** - Beams are long and thick pieces of wood that are used to keep a building stable. +Here "pieced by my sword" is a metonym for being killed in battle. AT: "I will kill you people of Cush in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God's hand + +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "God's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an abandoned devastation + +The abstract noun "devastation" can be stated as an action. AT: "ruined and deserted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# as dry as the desert + +This means it will be so dry that nothing will grow there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# every animal of the nations + +"every kind of animal" + +# the screech owl + +This term is uncertain. Some versions translate it as "hedgehog." + +# in the top of her columns + +When buildings were destroyed and fell down, the columns used for decoration and support would often remain standing. + +# A call will sing out from the windows + +"A call will be heard from the windows" + +# beams + +Beams are long and thick pieces of wood that are used to keep a building stable. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/15.md b/zep/02/15.md index e724a4d987..611f1eb61c 100644 --- a/zep/02/15.md +++ b/zep/02/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:heart|heart]] -* [[en:tw:life]] -* [[en:tw:life|life, live, living, alive]] +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. -## translationNotes +# the exultant city -* **hiss and shake his fist** - A hiss is an angry sound. This phrase indicates extreme anger of the people toward Nineveh. +"the city that is proud of itself." This refers to the city of Nineveh, about whom Yahweh began to speak in [Zephaniah 2:13](./12.md). + +# said in her heart + +This idiom means "said to herself" or "she thought." The city is spoken of as if it were a person that could speak. It represents the people who live in that city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am, and nothing is my equal + +It may be necessary to supply an object for "I am." AT: "I am the greatest city, and no other city is equal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a horror + +"a horrible place to see" + +# hiss and shake his fist + +A hiss is an angry sound. This phrase indicates extreme anger of the people toward Nineveh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/intro.md b/zep/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c5f8821ec --- /dev/null +++ b/zep/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Zephaniah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:1-4, 8-9, 12-15, which are extended quotations. The lines 2:5-7 are indented again to further set them apart from the rest of the quote. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zephaniah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/01.md b/zep/03/01.md index 604c3ca331..a0a76a4ab1 100644 --- a/zep/03/01.md +++ b/zep/03/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:defile]] -* [[en:tw:god]] -* [[en:tw:rebel]] -* [[en:tw:trust]] -* [[en:tw:voice]] -* [[en:tw:woe]] -* [[en:tw:yahweh]] +In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. The city represents the people who live within it. To make this clear, it may be helpful to replace the singular "she" and "her" with the plural "they" and "their." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# the rebellious city -* **She has not listened to the voice of God** - The people of Jerusalem have not obeyed what God has had His prophets teach to them. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **and will not draw near to her God** - The people do not desire to worship and obey God. +The nature of their rebellion can be stated. AT: "the people of the city who have rebelled against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The violent city is defiled + +"The people of the city have committed violence and so I consider them unclean" + +# She has not listened to the voice of God + +The voice is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and listening is a metonym for obeying. AT: "She has not obeyed what God has said to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/03.md b/zep/03/03.md index 03c18e30c2..7a92c881eb 100644 --- a/zep/03/03.md +++ b/zep/03/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:judge]] -* [[en:tw:lawofmoses]] -* [[en:tw:lion]] -* [[en:tw:priest]] -* [[en:tw:prince]] -* [[en:tw:profane]] -* [[en:tw:prophet]] -* [[en:tw:wolf]] +In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. The city represents the people who live within it. To make this clear, it may be helpful to replace the singular "she" and "her" with the plural "they" and "their." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## translationNotes +# Her princes are roaring lions in her midst -* **Her princes are roaring lions in her midst** - AT: "Jerusalem's leaders are violent." (See: [[ en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) -* **Her judges are evening wolves who leave nothing to be gnawed upon in the morning** - AT: "Her judges are evil people who take things that belong to others." This is also a metaphor. -* **Her prophets are insolent and treasonous men** - AT: "Her prophets are disobedient and disloyal men." +Lions roar to chase other animals away from the prey they have caught. The princes of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were roaring lions who were keeping the prey for themselves. AT: "Jerusalem's royalty are as greedy as roaring lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Her judges are evening wolves who leave nothing to be gnawed upon in the morning + +Wolves are especially hungry before they hunt at night. The judges are spoken of as if they were hungry wolves. AT: "Her judges are as greedy as hungry wolves that leave nothing for anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Her prophets are insolent and treasonous men + +"Her prophets do not listen to anyone and cannot be trusted" + +# have profaned what is holy + +"have treated holy things with disrespect" + +# have done violence to the law + +"have broken the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/05.md b/zep/03/05.md index 6a2725d926..819cd5f4dc 100644 --- a/zep/03/05.md +++ b/zep/03/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:criminal]] -* [[en:tw:justice]] -* [[en:tw:light]] -* [[en:tw:righteous]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:wrong]] +In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. -## translationNotes +# Yahweh is righteous ... He can do no wrong -* **It will not be hidden in the light** - AT: "his justice is clearly shown to all" +These two phrases mean the same thing, and emphasize Yahweh's righteousness even among the wicked people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# in her midst + +"among them" + +# Morning by morning + +This idiom means "Every day" or "Day after day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will dispense his justice + +Yahweh's just treatment of every person is spoken of as if he was handing out a commodity. AT: "he will treat people justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will not be hidden in the light + +This uses a negative statement to emphasize the positive truth that Yahweh's justice is always visible. AT: "His justice is clearly shown to all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# know no shame + +"are not ashamed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/06.md b/zep/03/06.md index dd501dd0b8..976e6de532 100644 --- a/zep/03/06.md +++ b/zep/03/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:corrupt]] -* [[en:tw:cutoff]] -* [[en:tw:fear]] -* [[en:tw:nation]] -* [[en:tw:ruin]] +In verses 3:6-7, Yahweh rebukes the people of Jerusalem because they did not learn from how he judged other sinful cities. It may be helpful to add "Yahweh says this:" to the beginning of verse 6 to make this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## translationNotes +# I have made their streets ruins, so that no one passes over them. Their cities are destroyed so that there is no man inhabiting them -* **I have made their streets ruins, so that no one passes over them. Their cities are destroyed so that there is no man inhabiting them** - The same thought is expressed in two different sentences to reinforce the thought. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism]] +These two sentences express the same idea in two different ways in order to emphasize the complete destruction of the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# no one passes over them + +"no one walks on them" + +# there is no man inhabiting them + +"no one lives there." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "all the people are dead" + +# I said, 'Surely you will fear me ... I have planned to do to you.' + +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "I thought they would surely fear me and accept correction so that they would not be cut off from their homes by all that I have planned to do to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# and do not be cut off from your homes + +Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to be removed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that I will not remove you from your homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by corrupting all their deeds + +"by doing deeds that were corrupt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/08.md b/zep/03/08.md index 73f27a7386..efbcd01416 100644 --- a/zep/03/08.md +++ b/zep/03/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:angry]] -* [[en:tw:devour]] -* [[en:tw:fire]] -* [[en:tw:kingdom]] -* [[en:tw:wrath]] +In verse 3:8, Yahweh warns that he will judge all nations. -## translationNotes +# wait for me ... until the day -* **Yahweh's declaration** - This means what Yahweh has solemnly said. -* **to plunder** - This means to take the property of others often by conquering them in war. -* **to gather the nations, to assemble the kingdoms** - 7). -* **fire of my anger** - God's anger is very powerful, like a fire is very powerful. (See: [[: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +This phrase implies that they are waiting for judgment. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I rise up to seize the prey + +Yahweh's judgment on the nations is spoken of as if he was an hungry animal that attacked a smaller animal. AT: "I will rise up and destroy them as an animal seizes its prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to assemble the nations, to gather the kingdoms + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will judge all of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my anger—all of my burning wrath + +The words "anger" and "burning wrath" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh's anger. AT: "my very fierce wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in the fire of my jealousy all the earth will be consumed + +This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "the fire of my jealousy will devour all the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the fire of my jealousy ... consumed + +Yahweh's jealousy is here spoken of as if it were fire that could consume something. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "my jealousy will consume all the earth as a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/09.md b/zep/03/09.md index b6a6861a3f..dd2b67a884 100644 --- a/zep/03/09.md +++ b/zep/03/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:arrogant]] -* [[en:tw:ethiopia]] -* [[en:tw:holy]] -* [[en:tw:name]] -* [[en:tw:proud]] -* [[en:tw:purify]] -* [[en:tw:sacrifice]] -* [[en:tw:serve]] -* [[en:tw:shame]] -* [[en:tw:worship]] +In verses 3:9-10, Yahweh says that he will renew the Gentiles after the judgment. -## translationNotes +# General Information: -* **I will give pure lips to the people** - This is another way of saying that God will cause his people to speak what is right. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) -* **serve me standing shoulder to shoulder** - The people will be united in their desire to serve God, as people are united physically when they stand together with their shoulders touching each other. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment. + +# I will purify the lips of the peoples + +Here "lips" refers to the ability to speak. AT: "I will cause the peoples to speak what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# call upon the name of Yahweh + +This is an idiom that means they worship Yahweh. AT: "worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# serve him shoulder to shoulder + +Here "shoulder to shoulder" is an idiom that means "side by side." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# beyond the river of Cush + +This may refer to the area where Sudan is located today. + +# In that day ... at that time + +"When that happens ... at that time." These phrases here refer to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh. + +# will not be put to shame for all your deeds + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will no longer be ashamed of all your deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who celebrated your pride + +"all the people who are very proud" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/12.md b/zep/03/12.md index 83168a7fec..6a65c77b98 100644 --- a/zep/03/12.md +++ b/zep/03/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:deceive]] -* [[en:tw:israel]] -* [[en:tw:lowly]] -* [[en:tw:refuge]] -* [[en:tw:remnant]] -* [[en:tw:tongue]] +In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment. -## translationNotes +# I will leave among you a lowly and poor people ... The remnant of Israel -* **The remnant of Israel will no longer commit injustice or speak lies, and no deceitful tongue will be found in their mouth** - The statement that people will no longer speak lies or have a deceitful tongue is a doublet. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]] -* **graze and lie down** - AT: "They will move their animals freely and sleep peacefully with no one attacking them or their animals." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]]) +The first phrase describes the "remnant" in the second phrase. + +# they will find refuge in the name of Yahweh + +Yahweh's protection of this remnant is spoke of as if he was a refuge or a fortress. Here "name of Yahweh" refers to his person. AT: "they will come to Yahweh and he will help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# commit injustice + +"do unjust things" + +# no deceitful tongue will be found in their mouth + +Here "tongue ... in their mouth" represents the things that the tongue enables the mouth to speak. They can be stated in active form. AT: "none of them will speak deceitful things" or "they will not say deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will graze and lie down + +Yahweh speaks of his provision for the people of Israel as if they are a flock of sheep that grazes and rests in safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/14.md b/zep/03/14.md index 11749a38e8..6424054a8b 100644 --- a/zep/03/14.md +++ b/zep/03/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,35 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:evil]] -* [[en:tw:heart]] -* [[en:tw:jerusalem]] -* [[en:tw:king]] -* [[en:tw:punish]] -* [[en:tw:rejoice]] -* [[en:tw:zion]] +In verses 3:14-20, Zephaniah tells the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment that they should rejoice. -## translationNotes +# daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem -* **daughter of Zion** - "This means all the people in Jerusalem. -* **Do not let your hands falter** - This means do not feel weak or helpless as you would if your hands became physically weak. (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor]]) +Here "daughter" refers to all the people who lived in the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Be glad and rejoice + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy they should be. AT: "Be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with all your heart + +Here "heart" refers to the inner being of a person. AT: "with all your inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh has taken away your punishment + +Here to "take away" punishment is an idiom that means to stop doing it. AT: "Yahweh has stopped punishing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You will never again fear evil + +The abstract noun "evil" can be stated as an action. AT: "You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# In that day + +"At that time" or "When this happens." This phrase here refers to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh. + +# say to Jerusalem ... Zion + +The names of these cities here refer to the people who live in them. AT: "say to the people of Jerusalem ... people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not let your hands falter + +To feel weak or helpless is spoken of as if their hands became physically weak. Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "Do not become weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/17.md b/zep/03/17.md index bed4a328ed..cea05cc0e1 100644 --- a/zep/03/17.md +++ b/zep/03/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:festival]] -* [[en:tw:joy]] -* [[en:tw:love]] -* [[en:tw:mighty]] -* [[en:tw:save]] +In verses 3:14-20, Zephaniah tells the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment that they should rejoice. -## translationNotes +# a mighty one to save you -* There are no translation notes needed for this passage. +"he is mighty and will save you." Yahweh is spoken of as a mighty warrior. AT: "he is a mighty warrior and will give you victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will celebrate over you with joy ... he will be glad over you with a shout for joy + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize Yahweh's joy that the remnant is restored to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he will be silent over you in his love + +Possible meanings are 1) "he will quiet you by his love for you" or 2) "he will renew you because he loves you." + +# no longer bear any shame for it + +Here shame is spoken of as if it was a heavy thing that a person had to carry. AT: "no longer be ashamed because of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/19.md b/zep/03/19.md index 20f709f1e0..f8cbb2222e 100644 --- a/zep/03/19.md +++ b/zep/03/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,31 @@ -## translationWords +# General Information: -* [[en:tw:earth]] -* [[en:tw:glory]] -* [[en:tw:oppress]] +In verses 3:19-20, Yahweh speaks directly to the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment and tells them that they should rejoice. -## translationNotes +# Behold -* **the lame** - This refers to people who cannot walk. -* **At that time I will bring you together, and at that time I will assemble you together** - The idea is repeated to emphasize that it will certainly happen. This is a doublet. -* **when I restore your fortunes** - AT: "When I cause you to be strong and successful again" -* **before your eyes** - "you will see" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_metonymy]]) +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Pay attention" + +# I am about to deal with all your oppressors + +It is understood that "deal with" means to punish the oppressors. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "I will severely punish all those who oppressed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will rescue the lame and gather up the outcast + +Here the Israelites who suffered in exile are spoken of as if they were lame and outcast sheep. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "I will rescue and bring together the remnant of Israel who are like lame and outcast sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the lame + +This refers to people or animals that cannot walk. + +# I will make them as praise + +The full thought here is, "I will make them to be objects of praise," that is, "I will make them to be praised by others." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will change their shame into renown + +The abstract nouns "shame" and "renown" can be stated as actions. AT: "I will cause them to no longer be ashamed, but for people to respect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# At that time I will lead you; at that time I will gather you together + +These two lines mean basically the same thing and imply that Yahweh will bring the exiled people back to their homeland. AT: "At that time I will gather you together and lead you home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/intro.md b/zep/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..082794ed8c --- /dev/null +++ b/zep/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Zephaniah 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:1-4, 6-20, which are extended quotations. The lines of 3:5 are indented again to further set them apart from the rest of the quote. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zephaniah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/front/intro.md b/zep/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4c50654fe9 --- /dev/null +++ b/zep/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Introduction to Zephaniah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Zephaniah #### + +1. Yahweh will judge Judah on "the Day of Yahweh" + - Judgment on Baal worshipers (1:2–6) + - Yahweh will cause the destruction of Judah (1:7–13) + - Judgment is coming soon (1:14–18) + - Invitation to "seek Yahweh" and escape the Day of Yahweh (2:1–3) +1. Yahweh's judgment on the nations + - Philistia (2:4–7) + - Moab and Ammon (2:8–11) + - Egypt (2:12) + - Assyria (2:13–15) +1. Judgment on Jerusalem, the city of oppressors (3:1–8) +1. The promise that Yahweh will purify, restore, gather, and bless his people (3:9–20) + +=== What is the Book of Zephaniah about?=== + +This book is about Yahweh's coming punishment on the southern kingdom, the kingdom of Judah. It is also about the future restoration of Judah in the day of the Lord (the day of Yahweh). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title "The Book of Zephaniah" in a way that is more clear to the readers. They may decide to call it, "The sayings of Zephaniah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Zephaniah? #### + +Zephaniah is the author of this book, but there are four different individuals in the Old Testament named Zephaniah. This Zephaniah was probably the great-grandson of King Hezekiah and a cousin to King Josiah (who lived at the same time as Zephaniah). Zephaniah lived in the city of Jerusalem and began his ministry about seventy years after the prophets Isaiah and Micah. Zephaniah did his work of bringing Yahweh's messages during the reign of King Josiah (about 640–621 BC), and just before the prophet Jeremiah began his own work. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the religious environment of Judah during Zephaniah's ministry? #### + +Manasseh, the grandfather of Josiah, had been one of the worst kings of Judah; he encouraged the people to worship other gods. After his death, his son Amon ruled for only two years before he was assassinated. Amon's son Josiah became king when he was eight years old and learned to worship and honor Yahweh. It is likely that Zephaniah began his work after Josiah had destroyed most of the idols and shrines of Baal and the other false gods that the people had been worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### What country is coming to invade Judah? #### + +Zephaniah frequently mentions a foreign nation who will come to invade the kingdom of Judah. The name of this nation is never mentioned. Babylon is probably the nation referenced in Zephaniah. \ No newline at end of file